gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface ionization source for heavy ions (1980)

An ion source using the surface ionization process is described. Elements whose ionization potentials are below or around 6 eV may be ionized in the source. The element vapour to be ionized is passed through one or more rhenium grids on which surface ionization occurs. The source is tested for different elements—lithium, indium, rare earths, uranium—the latter corresponding to the upper limit of the ionization potential range. The properties and performance of the source are studied. Currents from many tens of μA to many mA have been extracted, depending on the source element.
청소년 문제 행동의 변화 추이 (2004)

청년기만큼 대중매체에 의해 그 특성이 쉽게 규정되고, 또 시대에 따라 호칭이 빠르게 변하는 발달단계도드물다. 그기저에는 요즘아이들은우리때와는다르다라는성인들의인식이자리하고있다. 최근우리나라에서는 청소년 범죄와 비행이 급증하고 있으며, 그 양상 또한 연소화, 집단화, 흉포화하고 있다는 우려의 목소리를자주 들을수 있다. 본연구자는 그것이과연사실인가에관해의문을갖고, 최근의실태조사자료를 통해 사실 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 본연구에서는청소년범죄, 성문제, 자살, 가출, 흡연등, 대부분의 사람들이 갈수록 더나빠져가고있다고 알고있는청소년의대표적문제행동에관해, 먼저그문제를다룬 매스컴의 보도나 학자들의 논문을 발췌하여 우리 사회의 기본적 인식 혹은 고정관념을 살펴본 후, 뒤이어 통계자료를 통해 실제는 어떠한지 실증적으로 확인하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 최근급증하고있으며증가율에서 도성인범죄를능가한다고알려진청소년범죄가사실은1997년에정점에이른후그이후로는계속감소하고 있으며, 1966년과 1998년의범죄량비교에서도성인은6.2배, 청소년은3.9배증가한것으로나타나전체범죄의증가는청소년이아니라주로성인에 의한것으로밝혀졌다. 연소화, 흉포화, 집단화 경향역시그증거를 찾을 수없었다. 둘째, 갈수록문란해지고있다고알려진청소년의성풍조는, 1965년부터2003년까지의청소년 성 경험자 비율 비교에서 뚜렷한 증가 경향을 찾아볼 수 없었을 뿐 아니라, 오히려 2000년 이후로는 그 이전에 비해 감소하고 있는 것으로 나타나, 일반인의 고정 관념이 실은 편견에 불과하다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 요즘 청소년들은 성 문제로 가장 많이 고민한다는 사회의 인식 또한 그 근거 자료가 일반 청소년들의 의식조사가 아닌 상담기관의 상담사례분석이었기 때문으로, 우리나라 전체 청소년들의 보편적인 고민은 공부문제라는 대부분의 실태조사 결과와 상치된다. 셋째, 최근급증하고있다고알려진청소년자살역시사실은 1996년에 489명으로 정점을 이룬 후 2001년과 2002년에는각각 225명과 234명으로, 5, 6년사이에절반 이하로 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 계속 늘어나고있다는주장이많은청소년 가출 역시, 경찰청통계에의하면 1997년의 19,320명을정점으로2002년에는 14,865명으로감소한것으로나타나사실이아닌것으로밝혀졌다. 가출인 중청소년의 비율도 1996년에는44.2%이었던것이2002년에는 24.6%로줄어, 가출도이제는청소년이 아닌 성인의 문제임이 드러났다. 다섯째, 계속증가하고있다고자주지적되는청소년흡연률도 2003년에는 1990년대 말에 비해 1/3 정도 감소한 것으로나타났다. 많은문건들이왜곡된정보를제공하게된가장 큰 원인은 최근 통계가 아닌 오래 전의 것을 그대로 사용했기 때문으로 보인다.
Some Observations on Glass-Knife Making (1977)

The yield of usable knife edge per knife (for thin sectioning) was markedly increased when glass knives were made at an included angle of 55 degrees rather than the customary 45 degrees. A large number of measurements of edge check marks made with a routine light scattering method as well as observations made on a smaller number of test sections with the electron microscope indicated the superiority of 55 degrees knives. Knives were made with both taped pliers and an LKB Knifemaker. Knives were graded by methods easily applied in any biological electron microscope laboratory. Depending on the mode of fracture, the yield of knives having more than 33% of their edges free of check marks was 30 to 100 times greater at 55 degrees than 45 degrees.
Packet based telephony (2002)

This paper describes methods used to place telephone calls over packet-based networks with emphasis on Internet point-to-point communication. Two approaches will be described-H.323 and SIP (session initiation protocol). The first is an ITU standard and is already widely deployed by commercial vendors. The second, SIP, was developed by IETF activists and represents an "Internet approach" to telephony. First, a brief overview of reasons for the growing importance of IP telephony is given. It is followed by a short introduction to voice transmission over packet networks and an overview of the existing standards. In the second part of the paper, short examples of H.323 and SIP call setup are given.
High-resolution Aerial Image Compression Based on Technology of the Rate Pre-allocation (2012)

As it is necessary to compress the large aerial image data from the large-array aerial CCD camera,an image compression algorithm named as Rate Pre-allocated Compression Algorithm(RPCA) based on bit plane coding is proposed by studying variety of image compression algorithms.First,the relative redundancy between pixels of the image should be refused by using multi-level wavelet transform to original image.Second,according to the theory of rate distortion and principle which is the more important to image reconstruction in various sub-bands,the number of bit-rate for different sub-bands should be allocated in the process of actual coding that has been computed.Finally,the coefficients bits are coded by adaptive MQ arithmetic coder.So the careful embedded code stream is produced.Experiment results shows that this algorithm rate allocation is accurate,and the quality of image compression is comparable to the JPEG2000 standard,supporting any lossless to loss image compression ratio,but the complexity is far lower than the JPEG2000 standard and suitable for hardware implementation.
Intelligent Interleaving of Scenarios: A Novel Approach to System Level Test Generation (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Implementation of Low Power Rail-To-Rail Dynamic Latch Comparator With Modified Adaptive Power Control Technique (2017)

this paper presents a modified technique of power reduction for the preamplifier based dynamic latch comparator. The comparator presented in this paper is having a preamplifier, which is followed by a dynamic latch topology. The comparator is having cross coupled latch to achieve high speed and at a same time kickback effect is also reduced. A modified power control technique is presented to minimize the power consumption, having good reduction in the power compared to other technique presented in the literature. The rail to rail input range and low power comparator which can be suitably used in low-to-medium speed Analog to Digital Converters is implemented in 90nm technology using HSPICE. The simulation results have shown that the power consumption of comparator is 916.9μw at the clock frequency of 200MHz and 1V supply voltage with a delay of 80.3ps
Roles for Stress-inducible Lambda Glutathione Transferases in Flavonoid Metabolism in Plants as Identified by Ligand Fishing (2010)

The glutathione transferases (GSTs) of plants are a superfamily of abundant enzymes whose roles in endogenous metabolism are largely unknown. For example, the lambda class of GSTs (GSTLs) have members that are selectively induced by chemical stress treatments and based on their enzyme chemistry are predicted to have roles in redox homeostasis. However, using conventional approaches these functions have yet to be determined. To address this, recombinant GSTLs from wheat and Arabidopsis were tagged with a Strep tag and after affinity-immobilization, incubated with extracts from Arabidopsis, tobacco, and wheat. Bound ligands were then recovered by solvent extraction and identified by mass spectrometry (MS). With the wheat enzyme TaGSTL1, the ligand profiles obtained with in vitro extracts from tobacco closely matched those observed after the protein had been expressed in planta, demonstrating that these associations were physiologically representative. The stress-inducible TaGSTL1 was found to selectively recognize flavonols (e.g. taxifolin; K(d) = 25 nM), with this binding being dependent upon S-glutathionylation of an active site cysteine. In the case of the wheat extracts, this selectivity in ligand recognitions lead to the detection of flavonols that had not been previously described in this cereal. Subsequent in vitro assays showed that the co-binding of flavonols, such as quercetin, to the thiolated TaGSTL1 represented an intermediate step in the reduction of the respective S-glutathionylated quinone derivatives to yield free flavonols. These results suggest a novel role for GSTLs in maintaining the flavonoid pool under stress conditions.
A digital realization of audio dynamic range control (2002)

A digital limiter/compressor/expander/noise gate with variable parameters for audio signals is presented. This is a feedforward side-chain system which uses a minimum gain method for selecting the section and generating the control gain and a first-order IIR filter for the attack and release processings. The static and dynamic characteristics are analysed, the function block diagram and the realization techniques are described. The device has been real-time implemented using Motorola DSP56002.
Tutorial on Monoclonal Antibody Pharmacokinetics and Its Considerations in Early Development (2018)

The tutorial introduces the readers to the fundamentals of antibody pharmacokinetics (PK) in the context of drug development. Topics covered include an overview of antibody development, PK characteristics, and the application of antibody PK/pharmacodynamics (PD) in research and development decision-making. We also discuss the general considerations for planning a nonclinical PK program and describe the types of PK studies that should be performed during early development of monoclonal antibodies.
A two-stage maximum likelihood sequence estimation technique and its application to data transmission protocol in digital cellular radio (2003)

A two-stage maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) technique is developed for improving digital transmission performance over the proposed Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) North American TDMA digital cellular radio channels. The authors also investigate two simple retransmission schemes, retransmission before and after channel decoding, for possible implementation in the radio link protocol (RLP) within the proposed standard (IS-54). Simulation results indicate that the stage-one MLSE equalizer is about 3-4 dB away from the optimal performance in the wide signal-to-noise range at a vehicle speed equal to 60 mph. The results also show that retransmission before coding is a more effective way to improve the system performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Image processing techniques for obtaining registration information with scanning tunneling microscopy (1988)

Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for the study of surface structure. Information can be obtained by examining real-space structure within unit cells and by determining the registration of features relative to the positions of the bulk lattice. Techniques for image enhancement, distortion correction, and registration determination are described and illustrated for structural studies of the ((3)1/2×(3)1/2)R30° Ag/Si(111) surface.
Raoult's law and vapor pressure measurement (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDemoNEXTRaoult's law and vapor pressure measurementNed Egen and Peter C. Ford Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 5, 303Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1976Published inissue 1 May 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053p303.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (613 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines under Solvent-free Conditions (2004)

Ethyl acetoacetate and a range of aldehydes in the presence of ammonium acetate are converted into 1,4-dihydropyridines under mild and solvent-free conditions with good to excellent yields.
"Horn's Directivity Related to the Pressure Distribution at their Mouth: part 2" (2000)

Today’s studies about horns are actually based almost completely upon directivity control. In fact, while a good power response is finally recognized so important in professional loudspeaker systems engineering, the directivity behaviour of horns represents certainly a useful tool to get it. The directional properties of these devices are governed by the wavefront’s shape presented at the mouth. An analisys of the sound pressure’s magnitude and phase distribution across the horn’s mouth could certainly be helpful to understand how the wavefront is shaped there. Moreover, this could help to understand what happen in some particular circumstances. For example midrange beaming or high frequency mouth diffraction phenomena are two well known obstacles to overcome designing a broad band constant directivity horn. A method forwarded by us to perform such analisys will be shown through graphic illustrations. Presented will be even the results obtained performing measurements upon real devices and the correlation to the polar plots.
Gas turbine engine configurations for power generation cycles having CO<sub>2</sub> sequestration (2004)

Atmospheric CO 2 is believed to cause over 60 per cent of the present ‘greenhouse gas’ global warming effect; its concentration is increasing, due partly to the growth in power production plants that burn hydrocarbon fuels. Gas turbines burning natural gas are used increasingly in new power producing plant. Sequestering the CO 2 from the entire exhaust of a gas turbine requires large, expensive plant. Some alternative options for eliminating CO 2 emissions are explored herein. Only the engine implications are examined in detail. One option is to burn hydrogen-rich fuel that is carbon-free; manufacture of such fuels must include sequestration of any CO 2 . Another option is to use closed-cycle plants fuelled by hydrocarbons, having CO 2 as the working fluid, with exhaust sequestration of CO 2 . Sequestration in this case needs much smaller plant because only a small fraction of the exhaust is processed. Both options have already been explored for single-shaft, synchronous engines. This paper presents a study of possible free power turbine engines. The engine hardware changes needed when switching from natural gas to hydrogen-rich fuel are mainly the combustor and the control system, for both configurations. The hardware and performance changes from switching from air to a CO 2 -rich working fluid are, for both configurations. considerable.
Production of Polydipsia in Normal Rats by an Intermittent Food Schedule (1961)

Marked polydipsia was produced in all animals trained to press a bar for food pellets on a 1-minute variableinterval schedule. It is suggested that since this feeding arrangement produces a sustained, high fluid intake in the normal, unrestrained animal, it might serve as a useful tool in the study of renal function.
Regeneration of Adsorbents by the Use of Liquid, Subcritical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2000)

The literature concerning the adsorption and desorption of environmental impurities from adsorbents by means of liquid, subcritical and supercritical carbon dioxide and the author's work on the subject have been reviewed. The influence of the adsorption and desorption temperature, the pressure and the density of the extraction solvent, the solubility of the adsorbate in the extraction solvent, the activation energy for adsorbate desorption and the particle size of the adsorbent on the adsorbate desorption efficiency by this method were discussed.
Automatic and efficient 3D face feature segmentation with active contours (2009)

3D face analysis is a field of growing interest in the applied Computer Vision community, its applications including face recognition, modelling and biometrics, virtual and augmented reality. While several works exist on the extraction of feature points from 3D face data, there is so far no automatic system for 3D face feature contour segmentation. This paper focuses on the later problem: we aim to fill this gap. Starting from a 3D range image, bounding boxes for the face features of interest are determined first. Then the feature boundaries are segmented accurately using globally optimal and quasi-optimal active contour (AC) methods. Both AC approaches incorporate shape priors to make features more robust under noise. Evaluation on a test database shows that the proposed system yields accurate segmentation results of lip and eye contours for 96% and 85% of the datasets, respectively.
On-line one-class support vector machines. An application to signal segmentation (2003)

We describe an efficient algorithm to sequentially update a density support estimate obtained using one-class support vector machines. The solution provided is an exact solution, which proves to be far more computationally attractive than a batch approach. This deterministic technique is applied to the problem of audio signal segmentation, with simulations demonstrating the computational performance gain on toy data sets, and the accuracy of the segmentation on audio signals.
Transient Deficiency of Antihemophilic Factor (AHF) Procoagulant and AHF-like Antigen during Administration of Tetracycline (1980)

A 35-year old woman showed a transient reduction in level of both moieties of antihemophilic factor (AHF; factor VIII, AHG), following the accidental administration of oral tetracycline. This effect could be reproduced under controlled conditions. No anti-AHF antibodies nor antibodies against tetracycline could be demonstrated. It is suspected that the antibiotic temporarily suppressed the biosynthesis of the AHF procoagulant and AHF-like antigen.
Regiocontrol in copper-catalyzed Grignard reactions with allylic substrates (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiocontrol in copper-catalyzed Grignard reactions with allylic substratesJan E. Baeckvall, Mikael Sellen, and Brian GrantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 18, 6615–6621Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00174a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00174a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2505Altmetric-Citations155LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morphological core/shell structure and dispersion stability of water-dispersible copolyester graft polymerized with acrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (1996)

Anionic water-dispersible copolyester was prepared by the polycondensation of dimethyl isophathalate (DMI)/5-sodium sulfo dimethyl isophathalate (DMS) with ethylene glycol (EG)/ diethylene glycol (DEG) to synthesize water-dispersible copolyester-g-AA/EAs by chemical method. In the case of graft polymerization of AA/EA onto DMI/DMS/EG/DEG copolyester does not. This is a result of the core/shell structure that was ascertained by the graft yield and the zeta potential of copolyester-g-AA/EAs. It appears that grafted AA/EA exists at the surface of copolyester-g-AA/EA particles, and the backbone polymer, i.e., DMI/DMS/EG/DEG copolyester, exists in the inner phase of the copolyester, -g-AA/EA particles. The complete solubility of copolyester-g-AA/EAs in 1N NaOH aqueous solution seems to come mainly from the electrostatic repulsion between COOs that are present at the surface of copolyester-g-AA/EA particles due to AA grafting and OHs that are present at the dispersion medium due to NaOH decomposition and which cause the hydrolytic breakage and consequently the coagulation of copolyesters in alkaline medium. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A game theoretic resource allocation for overall energy minimization in mobile cloud computing system (2012)

Cloud computing and virtualization techniques provide mobile devices with battery energy saving opportunities by allowing them to offload computation and execute code remotely. When the cloud infrastructure consists of heterogeneous servers, the mapping between mobile devices and servers plays an important role in determining the energy dissipation on both sides. From an environmental impact perspective, any energy dissipation related to computation should be counted. To achieve energy sustainability, it is important reducing the overall energy consumption of the mobile systems and the cloud infrastructure. Furthermore, reducing cloud energy consumption can potentially reduce the cost of mobile cloud users because the pricing model of cloud services is pay-by-usage. In this paper, we propose a game-theoretic approach to optimize the overall energy in a mobile cloud computing system. We formulate the energy minimization problem as a congestion game, where each mobile device is a player and his strategy is to select one of the servers to offload the computation while minimizing the overall energy consumption. We prove that the Nash equilibrium always exists in this game and propose an efficient algorithm that could achieve the Nash equilibrium in polynomial time. Experimental results show that our approach is able to reduce the total energy of mobile devices and servers compared to a random approach and an approach which only tries to reduce mobile devices alone.
Traffic clustering and online traffic prediction in vehicle networks: A social influence perspective (2012)

In this paper we investigate the dynamic traffic relationship characterized by a similarity value from one road point to another in vehicle networks. Due to the regularity of human mobility, traffic exhibits strong correlations in both temporal domain and spatial domain. By exploiting the similarity values, we derive application-specific message update rules for affinity propagation, based on which we propose an instant traffic clustering algorithm to partition the road points into time variant clusters, where the traffics within the same cluster are strongly spatially correlated. Online traffic clustering is also considered by clustering combination via evidence accumulation for further influence study. We also present a neural network based traffic prediction algorithm to predict the traffic conditions cluster by cluster for a future time based on the current and historical traffic data. Simulation study on real traffic data demonstrates that our proposed algorithms are able to identify the true influences among road points and provide accurate traffic predictions.