gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and 2a-Modification of 24-Phenylvitamin D3 Lactones: Effects on VDR Antagonistic Activity (2006)

Novel vitamin D receptor (VDR) antagonists, 1α-hydroxy-24-phenylvitamin D 3 -26,23-lactones were synthesized by Trost's methodology.The biological evaluation revealed that both the binding affinity for VDR and antagonistic activity were affected by the orientation of the phenyl group on the lactone ring.The modification of the 2α-position of the 24-phenylvitamin D 3 lactones improved the antagonistic activity up to 41 times higher than that of TEI-9647.
SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME 3 ICT - INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (2010)

Summary: Development of dynamic wind flow models for wind farms is part of the research in European research FP7 project AEOLUS. The objective of this report is to provide decentralized dynamic wind flow models with parameters. The report presents a structure for decentralized flow models with inputs from a set of spatially distributed measurements from wind turbines. The information has to be communicated only within neighboring wind turbines. This will both reduce the calculation load by distributing them on all turbines and make the infrastructure more robust against faults and uncertainties. Moreover, the presented flow model is formulated such that it is able to update the parameters in an adaptive on‐line procedure. The report also investigates the effect of wind direction changes on the flow model and proposes a fusion algorithm which improves the wind predictions by fusing the predictions of available local models. The results of this report are especially useful, but not limited, to design a decentralized wind farm controller, since in centralized controller design one can also use the model and update it in a central computing node.
Effects of turning on skin‐bed interface pressures in healthy adults (2010)

Standard turning by experienced intensive care unit nurses does not reliably unload all areas of high skin-bed interface pressures. These areas remain at risk for skin breakdown, and help to explain why pressure ulcers occur despite the implementation of standard preventive measures. Support materials for maintaining lateral turned positions can also influence tissue unloading and triple jeopardy areas.
Dendron engineering in self-host blue iridium dendrimers towards low-voltage-driving and power-efficient nondoped electrophosphorescent devices (2016)

Dendron engineering in self-host blue Ir dendrimers is reported to develop power-efficient nondoped electrophosphorescent devices for the first time, which can be operated at low voltage close to the theoretical limit (E<sub>g</sub>/e: corresponding to the optical bandgap divided by the electron charge). With increasing dendron's HOMO energy levels from B-POCz to B-CzCz and B-CzTA, effective hole injection is favored to promote exciton formation, resulting in a significant reduction of driving voltage and improvement of power efficiency. Consequently, the nondoped device of B-CzTA achieves extremely low driving voltages of 2.7/3.4/4.4 V and record high power efficiencies of 30.3/24.4/16.3 lm W<sup>-1</sup> at 1, 100 and 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup>, respectively. We believe that this work will pave the way to the design of novel power-efficient self-host blue phosphorescent dendrimers used for energy-saving displays and solid-state lightings.
The structure of bonellin and its derivatives. Unique physiologically active chlorins from the marine echurian Bonellia viridis (1980)

The structure of bonellin, the physiologically active pigment of the marine echurian worm Bonellia viridis, has been established as (10a), a unique type of alkylated chlorin, by a combination of physical methods. The structure was confirmed by an X-ray crystallographic study on anhydrobonellin methyl ester (12b).Bonellin is accompanied in the organism by a series of mono-amino-acid conjugate derivatives of general structure (14a) in which valine, leucine, isoleucine, and alloisoleucine are the major amino-acid constituents.
The Effect of Surgical Insertion and Proinflammatory Cytokines on Osteochondral Allograft Survival and Metabolism (2017)

Objective To investigate the responses of refrigerated osteochondral allograft cartilage (OCA) and fresh cartilage (FC), including cell survival and metabolism, to surgical impaction and proinflammatory cytokines. Design Osteochondral plugs (8 mm diameter) were harvested from prolonged-refrigerated (14-28 days) and fresh (≤24 hours postmortem) human femoral hemicondyles and subjected to a 0.2 N s pneumatic impaction impulse. Cartilage explants were removed from subchondral bone and randomized to 1 of 6 treatment groups: (1) Unimpacted control (UIC), (2) Impacted control (IC), (3) Impacted + interleukin (IL)-1β (0.1 ng/mL), (4) Impacted + IL-1β (0.1 ng/mL) + IL-6, (5) Impacted + IL-1β (10 ng/mL), and (6) Impacted + IL-1β (10 ng/mL) + IL-6. Samples were measured for cell viability, histology, and proteoglycan (PG) content at days 0, 2, 7, and 14 of culture. Results In UIC, cell viability was indistinguishable between OCA and FC and remained constant. Impaction alone decreased cell viability by 30% ( P < 0.01) in the OCA superficial layer and by 26% ( P < 0.01) in the entire tissue, but did not affect viability in FC. Cytokine addition did not further influence cell viability. Impaction alone did not affect PG synthesis. Addition of cytokines to impacted tissue decreased PG synthesis by ~3-fold in both tissue types in comparison with corresponding impacted controls ( P < 0.01). Throughout 2-week culture, PG release remained stable in all FC groups, but peaked at day 14 in OCA cartilage subjected to cytokines. Conclusions Mechanical impaction, mimicking surgical insertion, has a more profound effect on cell viability in OCA than in FC. Addition of proinflammatory cytokines further decreases OCA tissue metabolism and integrity.
Current Status of the Sequence of the Rice Genome and Prospects for Finishing the First Monocot Genome (2002)

Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is the first grass species to be sequenced, and as of September 2002, there are four draft genome sequences available. All four drafts are available to the academic community, although two drafts have some limitations with respect to access and distribution. Although none of
Managing C++ libraries (1989)

This paper describes a scheme we have used to manage a large library written in the C++ language. The scheme imposes a directory structure, and represents dependency hierarchy in a globally accessible file we call the 'prelude' file. We also discuss the structure of the description files (makefiles) used with the UNIX options we have found to be useful in reducing the size of the library, and how to minimize recompilation time after trivial changes to the source code of the library.
Megaprimer PCR (2003)

A large variety of procedures of site-directed mutagenesis based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed over the last decade. Among them, the “megaprimer” method, originally reported in 1990 (1), and its subsequent updates (8,10) still retain their popularity because they combine simplicity and versatility. Our most recent search in the PUBMED, using “megaprimer” as the keyword, generated 24 publications, many of which were improvements on the original theme. This is an impressive number, considering that “megaprimer” is essentially a specialized technique. In this chapter, we provide an updated protocol incorporating the variations and improvements of the basic technique published over the past decade. These include: a combination of magapriming and overlap extension, improvement of yield, use of single-stranded DNA, spiking with a proofreading polymerase (e.g., Pfu) to avoid unwanted mutations arising from nontemplated insertions by Taq polymerase, and the inclusion of various kinds of mutations, including multiple, nonadjacent ones (2-12,18,19,26-32).
Real Wash Loss Compounds In Peroxide Bleaching of Softwood Kraft Pulp (2003)

The effects of different chemical compounds on the bleaching performance of softwood kraft pulp in the peroxide stage were investigated in the laboratory. The aim of this study was to find out the 'real' wash loss compound or compounds that affect the quality of pulp (brightness, viscosity, Kappa number) in the preceding peroxide stage. Different compounds, occurring in wash liquors and bleaching filtrates, were added to the pulp suspension before bleaching experiments. These studied compounds were formic acid, acetic acid, methanol, glycolic acid, glucose, lignin, lactic acid and succinic acid. Results indicated that lignin and glucose had an impact on the bleaching response, decreasing brightness and increasing Kappa number. Other tested compounds, such as organic acids, had no effect on the bleaching response although these components can significantly contribute to COD in the filtrates. Instead of measuring COD, as is current practice, it would be better to measure lignin concentrations in the liquid part of the pulp suspension to estimate the actual wash loss at the end of ECF bleaching.
Nuclear receptors at the crossroads of inflammation and atherosclerosis (2009)

Click to launch & play an online audio visual presentation by Prof. Christopher Glass on Nuclear receptors at the crossroads of inflammation and atherosclerosis, part of a collection of multimedia lectures.
Diamond field-emission cathodes (2002)

Summary form only given. Diamond has several properties that give it unique advantages for use in field-emission cathodes. Diamond is the only known air-stable negative electron affinity (NEA) material. This NEA property may allow for field emission at very low electric fields. The inherent structural integrity of the covalently bonded carbon lattice in diamond makes possible more stable cathodes than can be obtained with metals. This presentation reports on initial experiments with diamond field-emission cathodes. Electron emission was characterized from both smooth and patterned regions on p-type, boron-doped homoepitaxial grown diamond on (100)-, (110)-, and (111)-oriented substrates. The measurements indicated a Fowler-Nordheim mechanism (tunneling through a barrier) with the effective barrier height varying as a function of the crystal orientation. The (100) crystals exhibited the largest barrier and the (111) crystals had the smallest barrier. Surface treatment with Cs improves emission and is not adversely affected by exposure to room air. Lithographically defined cathodes with grid structures have been fabricated and emit current near the minimum theoretical grid voltage, 5 V. These cathodes have emitted current densities of >10 A/cm/sup 2/ into vacuum with grid voltages less than 100 V.
Isolation and Characterization of Two New Monoclonal Antibodies Against the CD34 Molecule (1993)

Two new monoclonal antibodies, Immu-133 and Immu-409, were raised against the human acute myelogenous leukemia cell line (KG-1a) and human immature erythroleukemic cells (TF1). These monoclonal antibodies were isolated from two different fusions of mouse myeloma cells with mouse splenic lymphocytes. The immunofluorescence studies performed on various target cells showed that these antibodies recognized a surface antigen expressed selectively on KG-1a, TF1 cells and on human hematopoietic progenitor cells. They also stained endothelial cells used in immunochemistry both in frozen and paraffin embedded tissue sections. Immu-133 and Immu-409 immunoprecipitated a KG-1a cell surface protein with an apparent molecular weight of 110-115 Kd. Competitive binding assays performed with a panel of referenced CD34 monoclonal antibodies revealed that Immu-133 and Immu-409 are monoclonal antibodies restricted to different epitopes of the CD34 molecule.
Tissue hypoxygenation activates the adrenomedullin system in vivo (2000)

Our study aimed to investigate the influence of tissue hypo-oxygenation on the adrenomedullin (ADM) system in vivo. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (8% oxygen) or to functional anemia [0.1% carbon monoxide (CO)] or to cobalt chloride (60 mg/kg) for 6 h. Messenger RNA levels for ADM and its receptor (ADM-R) were assessed in diverse organs by RNase protection assay. Additionally, ADM protein concentrations in these organs, as in plasma, were determined by a RIA. We found that ADM mRNA abundance increased in response to hypoxia and to CO inhalation up to 15-fold in all organs examined. Similarly, ADM-R mRNA abundance increased during hypoxia and CO inhalation in all organs examined with exception of the liver. The effects of hypoxia and of CO inhalation on ADM and ADM-R mRNAs were mimicked by injection of cobaltous chloride. Hypoxia also significantly increased ADM protein content in all organs, and plasma levels of ADM rose twofold in response to hypoxia and CO inhalation. These findings indicate that tissue hypoxia leads to a widespread activation of the ADM system, which comprises a parallel stimulation of ADM and ADM receptor mRNA as enhanced ADM protein synthesis and secretion. The ADM system may, therefore, play a significant role in the physiological response to tissue hypoxia. It appears that ADM and ADM-R belong to the family of classic oxygen-regulated genes, which are activated by a decrease of the pericellular oxygen tension through the same intracellular signaling cascade.
Destruction of Decachlorobiphenyl Using Supercritical Water Oxidation (2004)

A microreactor (50-nL), batch reactors (6-mL), and a flow reactor (11.3-mL) were used to study the oxidation of decachlorobiphenyl (10-CB) in supercritical water. In the microreactor experiments, it was found that complete dissolution of 10-CB occurred at excess O2 (>93%) and that both hydrolysis and oxidation contributed to 10-CB destruction. In experiments performed with the batch reactors, at excess O2, 99.2% and 100% 10-CB could be destroyed in SCW without and with Na2CO3, respectively. Addition of the neutralization agent Na2CO3 promoted the destruction rate and reduced reactor corrosion significantly. A reaction mechanism for 10-CB destruction was proposed and this was examined further in flow experiments, where we found that 100% destruction could be achieved.
A data mining system based on SQL queries and UDFs for relational databases (2011)

Most research on data mining has proposed algorithms and optimizations that work on flat files, outside a DBMS, mainly due to the following reasons. It is easier to develop efficient algorithms in a traditional programming language. The integration of data mining algorithms into a DBMS is difficult given its relational model foundation and system architecture. Moreover, SQL may be slow and cumbersome for numerical analysis computations. Therefore, data mining users commonly export data sets outside the DBMS for data mining processing, which creates a performance bottleneck and eliminates important data management capabilities such as query processing and security, among others (e.g. concurrency control and fault tolerance). With that motivation in mind, we developed a novel system based on SQL queries and User-Defined Functions (UDFs) that can directly analyze relational tables to compute statistical models, storing such models as relational tables as well. Most algorithms have been optimized to reduce the number of passes on the data set. Our system can analyze large and high dimensional data sets faster than external data mining tools.
Scheduled administration of a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone antagonist (Cetrorelix) on day 8 of in-vitro fertilization cycles: a pilot study. (1995)

To assess in a pilot study the ability of a single injection of a GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) to prevent premature luteinizing hormone (LH) surges in an in-vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo transfer programme when administered on a fixed day in the late follicular phase, ovarian stimulation was carried out in 11 women with two ampoules of human menopausal gonadotrophin per day beginning on day 2 of the menstrual cycle. A 3 mg dose of Cetrorelix was administered on day 8 of the stimulation cycle. A second injection was administered 72 h later if ovulation was not triggered in the meantime. We did not observe a premature LH surge in any of the cycles studied. The injection of 3 mg Cetrorelix was capable of preventing LH surge in all the patients studied, introducing a very simple treatment protocol. Among the patients who received two injections (n = 3), the day of the first administration was delayed in two subjects due to slow follicular maturation kinetics. Out of 11 patients, 10 had an embryo transfer. Four clinical pregnancies were obtained (40% per embryo transfer), of which 3 are ongoing (30% per embryo transfer). A simple administration protocol for a new GnRH antagonist (Cetrorelix) was able to prevent LH surges in the 11 patients studied.
Adaptive optics control of wind blown turbulence via translation and prediction (2006)

In the case where wind blown turbulence is mostly adhering to frozen flow conditions the use of the Kalman Filter in an adaptive optics controller is of interest because it incorporates prior the time history of wavefront measurements as additional information to be combined with the immediate measurement of the wavefront. In prior work we have shown that indeed there is a signal to noise advantage, however the extra real-time overhead of the Kalman Filter computations can become prohibitive for larger aperture systems. In this paper we investigate a Fourier domain implementation that might approximate, and gain the advantages of, the Kalman Filter while being feasible to implement in real time control computers. Most of the advantage of using the Kalman Filter comes from its ability to predict the wind blown turbulence for the next measurement step. For the photonic and instrumentation noise levels commonly found in astronomical AO systems, we find that most of the Strehl gain is achieved by simply translating the wavefront estimate the incremental distance.
Age-dependent effects of the 5-hydroxytryptamine-2a-receptor polymorphism (His452Tyr) on human memory (2005)

A polymorphism (His452Tyr) of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)2a receptor is associated with episodic memory in healthy young humans. Because 5-HT2a-receptor density decreases with increasing age, we tested whether the 5-HT2a receptor genotype effect on memory is influenced by age. We investigated the association of the His452Tyr genotype with memory performance in 622 healthy study participants aged from 18 to 90 years. In young to middle-aged participants, age significantly influenced genotype effects on episodic memory: the His452Tyr genotype exerted a significant influence on memory only in young participants. In the group of elderly cognitively healthy participants, the His452Tyr genotype did not affect memory performance. We conclude that age strongly modulates the effect of the 5-HT2a receptor polymorphism at residue 452 on episodic memory.
Protein-Crystal Density by Volume Measurement and Amino-Acid Analysis (1996)

The densities of protein crystals have been determined by crystal-volume measurement and amino-acid analysis. For this purpose, protein crystals were freely mounted under humidity control by means of air-stream-crystal-regulated humidity. With a video system (charge-coupled-device camera) the two-dimensional shadow projections of crystals are recorded and by the method of back projection the crystal shape is reconstructed and the volume determined. It is shown that the method is independent of the crystal morphology by the consistency of the results from a number of different crystals and materials.
Lactadherin as a Probe for Phosphatidylserine Exposure and as An Anticoagulant for the Procoagulant Activity in the Study of Stored Platelets. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 3150 Poster Board III-87 Background Phosphatidylserine (PS) can support coagulant reactions. However, it is uncertain how the location and extent of PS exposure to the membranes of stored platelets affect such reactions. We compared annexin V with lactadherin as a way of detecting how of PS exposure influences the procoagulant properties of stored platelets in platelet concentrates (PCs). Method PS exposure and the relevant procoagulant activity (PCA) of platelets in 5 different PCs were investigated by flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, coagulation time analysis and enzymatic assays. PS exposure was separately measured using annexin V and lactadherin, respectively. Results Exposure of PS to stored platelets promoted thrombin formation. A progressive increase in PS exposure was detected by flow cytometry. Moreover, using lactadherin, we identifed higher levels of PS exposure on the platelets and platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) compared to detection using annexin V. The percentage of PS-positive cells was 0.02 % by annexin V versus 0.3 % by lactadherin on day 0, 7.5 % by annexin V versus 12.3 % by lactadherin on day 5, and 29 % by annexin V versus 44.3 % by lactadherin on day 9. Rare microparticles (MPs) were released from fresh platelets, and, the number of PMPs increased approximately 2-fold on day 5 and further progressively increased. Using lactadherin and platelets in the earlier stage of storage, confocal microscopy revealed earlier and localized PS exposure based on plasma membrane staining. For later storage platelets, increased levels of PS-positive platelets and PMPs were clearly detected by both annexin V and lactadherin. Thirty-two nM lactadherin or annexin V prolonged coagulation time 2.4 fold versus 2 fold. The productions of thrombin and intrinsic/extrinsic factor Xase were approximately inhibited 85 % and 60 % by lactadherin and annexin V, respectively. Conclusion PS exposure was localized to the cellular rims, blebbing vesicles and thin elongated filopodia-like areas on banked platelets. Furthermore, lactadherin provides a more accurate measurement of PS exposure and the relevant with PCA, which is an important factor to consider for transfusion medicine. Our findings of elevated PS-positive platelets and PMPs indicate that platelets should not be stored for extended periods of time. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Phase Relations and Dielectric Properties in the Bi <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> –ZnO–Ta <sub>2</sub> O <sub>5</sub> System (2001)

Dielectric properties and phase formation of Bi‐based pyrochlore ceramics were evaluated for the Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–Ta 2 O 5 system. The compositional range r Bi 2 (Zn 1/3 Ta 2/3 ) 2 O 7 · (1− r )(Bi 3/2 Zn 1/2 )(Zn 1/2 Ta 3/2 )O 7 (0 ≤ r ≤ 1) in Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–Ta 2 O 5 was investigated to determine the relative solubility of BZT cubic (α‐BZT, r = 0) and the pseudo‐orthorhombic (β‐BZT, r = 1) end members. It was found that extrinsic factors, such as kinetically limited phase formation and bismuth loss, contribute to apparent phase boundaries in addition to thermodynamic stability of each phase. Considering this, the locations of true phase boundaries were r < 0.30 and r ≥ 0.74 for α and β phases, respectively. Dielectric constants between 58 and 80 and low dielectric loss (tan δ < 0.003) were measured for the complete compositional range. The temperature coefficient of capacitance was controlled by composition, which was found to be <30 ppm/°C at the edge of β‐phase solid solution. In addition to the excellent dielectric properties these materials can be sintered at low temperatures, which make Bi‐based pyrochlores promising candidates for high‐frequency electronic applications.