gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factor analysis of ambiguity in geophysics (1994)

Abstract We present an empirical ambiguity analysis method based on a finite number of acceptable solutions that are representative of the ambiguity region. These solutions are submitted to a Q-mode factor analysis that indicates which parameters are ambiguous and their ambiguity range. We illustrate, with a synthetic nonlinear example, that our method is more effective than singular value decomposition analysis in producing an average trend of the ambiguity region. It requires less restrictive hypotheses and is more robust than analytical methods of ambiguity analysis, in the sense of being applicable to a broader class of problems.
Structural insights into DNA cleavage activation of CRISPR-Cas9 system (2017)

CRISPR-Cas9 technology has been widely used for genome engineering. Its RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 binds specifically to target DNA and then cleaves the two DNA strands with HNH and RuvC nuclease domains. However, structural information regarding the DNA cleavage-activating state of two nuclease domains remains sparse. Here, we report a 5.2 Å cryo-EM structure of Cas9 in complex with sgRNA and target DNA. This structure reveals a conformational state of Cas9 in which the HNH domain is closest to the DNA cleavage site. Compared with two known HNH states, our structure shows that the HNH active site moves toward the cleavage site by about 25 and 13 Å, respectively. In combination with EM-based molecular dynamics simulations, we show that residues of the nuclease domains in our structure could form cleavage-compatible conformations with the target DNA. Together, these results strongly suggest that our cryo-EM structure resembles a DNA cleavage-activating architecture of Cas9.
Analysis and design of coplanar waveguide for high-speed pulse propagation on printed circuit board (2007)

Tujuan tesis ini adalah untuk menyelidik struktur pandu gelombang sesatah (CPW) yang sesuai bagi kegunaan papan litar (PCB) untuk perambatan dedenyut berkelajuan tinggi, untuk menjalankan kajian menyeluruh mengenai ciri-ciri perambatan dan juga untuk membandingkan keupayaan dengan talian mikrostrip. \n\nThe goals of this thesis are to investigate a suitable printed circuit board (PCB) coplanar waveguide (CPW) for high-speed signal propagation application, to conduct\nthorough analyses of its propagation characteristic and to compare its performance against the mainstream microstrip line.\n
Identifisering met die held en die emosionele betrokkenheid van kykers by rolprentdramas (2010)

Success or failure in achieving identification with characters plays a decisive role\nin the emotional involvement of motion picture drama viewers. The author of this\narticle identified 270 specific guidelines and techniques for creating effective\nidentification with characters from existing sources. These guidelines and\ntechniques are broadly divided into five categories: needs, motivations and goals;\npersonality traits; physical traits; circumstances; and behaviour. These guidelines\nand techniques are deliberately and effectively applied in screenplays that are\ncommercially successful, but are lacking or ineffectively utilised in most\ncommercially unsuccessful screenplays. In this article the five categories of\nidentification techniques are discussed and illustrated with examples from motion\npicture dramas. The article concludes with a comparison between the utilisation,\nor lack of utilisation, of identification techniques in the first acts of the Hollywood\nproduction The Karate Kid and the South African production Brutal Glory\nrespectively.
Digital telephony slowly taking over (1979)

Although the world's telecommunications networks are going digital, the changeover from analog is occurring gradually. It would be impractical and prohibitively expensive to attempt to retire the present largely analog telephone network overnight and replace it with a digital one. Digital systems are being phased into existing installations with minimum interruption of subscriber services and the least inconvenience.
Die Flächengewichtsmeßgeräte VA-T-74 und VA-T-75 (1967)

Die Flächengewichtsmeßgeräte VA-T-74 und VA-T-75 des VEB Vakutronik WIB Dresden gestatten die Lösung vieler industrieller Meßaufgaben in der Dickenmessung bzw. der Messung der Masse je Flächeneinheit. Sie eignen sich besonders für den Einsatz in geregelten Anlagen. Die Wirkungsweise wird an Hand eines Prinzipschaltbildes beschrieben.
Über Phenothiazone, XII. Neue Methoden zur Darstellung von Halogen‐3<i>H</i>‐phenothiazinonen‐(3) (Halogen‐phenothiazonen) (1966)

Abstract Hochhalogenierte Phenothiazone werden nach zwei neuen Methoden dargestellt, und zwar durch Oxydation von Halogen‐phenothiazinen mit Salpetersäure und durch erschöpfende Bromierung von Nitro‐ und Chlor‐nitro‐phenothiazinen.
Solar Trigeneration for Residential Applications, a Feasible Alternative to Traditional Micro-Cogeneration and Trigeneration Plants (2008)

Trigeneration stands for the combined production of electricity, heat, and cooling (CHCP). This paper reviews and compares CHCP system based on solar energy with respect to traditional CHCP ones. A further comparison is made among the possible technologies for solar CHCP to assess the technical solutions more suited to residential applications. Beyond photovoltaic based systems, two other solutions are proposed: a concentrated sunlight all-thermoacoustic system and an hybrid thermo-photovoltaic system. In a grid-connected energy market, the adoption of CHCP plants may become profitable with respect to traditional systems, where the single energies are produced or purchased separately. Specifically, the onset of solar trigeneration can lead to a substantial improvement, overcoming many of the traditional drawback associated with micro-cogeneration and trigeneration. The result is a trigeneration system based totally on renewable energy. This is especially attractive for the residential demand, provided that a cost-effective technical solution is available.
Phosphor‐<i>d</i>(+)‐weinsäure (1952)

Abstract Es werden Synthese und Eigenschaften der Phosphor‐ d (+)‐weinsäure beschrieben und im Zusammenhang damit eine Hypothese zur Biogenese der Weinsäure in Vorschlag gebracht.
In vitro evaluation of combination chemotherapy against human tumor cells (Review). (1998)

Combination therapy with multiple drugs or with multiple modalities is common practice in the treatment of cancer. The purpose of using drugs in combinations is to increase the therapeutic efficacy, decrease toxicity toward the host and minimize or delay the development of drug resistance. Presently used clinical protocols for cancer combination therapy are mainly obtained empirically or from clinical trials. Accumulation of experience from clinical trials is invaluable but is a slow and expensive process. Also, due to heterogeneous patient populations exposed to different environments, human clinical data frequently cannot be used for quantitative synergy determinations. Therefore, in vitro quantitative drug combination studies with cultured tumor cells are becoming imperative either as prospective studies or as adjuvant assessment for combination therapy. In recent years, a variety of in vitro assays have been developed to examine cytotoxicity or biochemical effects of drugs on cultured tumor cells. These methods can, not only quickly predict the potential therapeutic effects of the combined agents, but also provide the information or clues to the possible mechanisms of drug interactions. In addition, with the better understanding of various antineoplastic drugs and the development of new technologies to characterize actions of the drugs, the in vitro study of combination therapy is no longer limited to the measurement of cytotoxic effects. Instead, many other studies, such as cell cycle analyses, detection of apoptosis and biochemical analyses of drug interactions have also become common methods for the in vitro evaluation of combination drug therapy.
Combined effects of calcium and dibutyryl cyclic AMP on germinal vesicle breakdown in the mouse oocyte (1982)

Mouse oocytes were cultured in the presence of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) and various agents that affect cytoplasmic calcium concentrations. Treatment that inhibited calcium uptake potentiated the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP and treatments which stimulated cellular calcium uptake overcame the effect of dbcAMP. Elevated extracellular calcium (greater than 10 mM) significantly decreased the inhibitory effect of concentrations of dbcAMP up to 150 microM when compared to control levels of calcium (1.7 mM). In addition, the calcium ionophore A23187 (greater than 1 microM) significantly overcame the effect of dbcAMP in media that contained 1.7 or 20 mM calcium. In the presence of 41 microM-dbcAMP the calcium antagonist verapamil increased (in a dose-dependent fashion) the percentage of oocytes blocked at the germinal vesicle stage, from 21% with 10 microM-verapamil to 99% with 200 microM. A similar dose-dependent, reversible potentiation of the effect of dbcAMP was found with tetracaine, which also lowers cytoplasmic calcium concentrations. These results suggest that a minimum level of cytoplasm calcium is required for the initiation of germinal vesicle breakdown and that the action of dbcAMP is mediated by its effect upon this calcium.
Electromicturition in Female Dogs at Pelvic Nerve Stimulation: An Urethrocystographic Study (1968)

Electromicturition released by stimulation of the pelvic nerves has been studied in 7 female mongrels. The voiding has been followed by urethrocystography and measurements of the bladder pressure. The experiments have been varied in the following way. The pudendal nerves were severed or stimulated. Chordotomy was performed in some dogs immediately before the examination. The hypogastric nerves were cut in connection with the study in some dogs. Angiography of the pudendal artery was performed with and without stimulation of the pelvic nerves. Electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerves always gives rise to a contraction of the detrusor. The outflow resistance is less than in male dogs and the residual content is smaller. The urethra of female dogs develops two constrictions during electromicturition, the external sphincter and the meatal sphincter. Section of the pudendal nerves improves the emptying of the bladder to some extent and the meatus opens better. No effect of the erectil tissue on the voiding mechanism has been shown. Section of the hypogastric nerves has no significant effect. The conditions for electromicturition in female dogs is much better than in male dogs. For the human species a similar difference between the sexes might be anticipated. Therefore electromicturition should be tried in the first hand in women. This ought to be preceded by some studies during bladder operations, before practical application.
Is There a Role for Sink Size in Understanding Maize Population–Yield Relationships? (2015)

ABSTRACT The most consistent change in management practices associated with the increase in maize ( Zea mays L.) yield in the United States since 1930 has been a steady increase in plant population. Populations increased from roughly 30,000 plants ha –1 at the beginning of the hybrid era to >75,000 plants ha –1 in recent years. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the potential role of sink size in historic maize yield–population relationships. The steady increase in yield (∼4×) during the hybrid era required an increase in source activity since there was no change in harvest index. The increase in grain yield was associated with an increase in kernels per unit area, so there was a concomitant increase in both source and sink. Data collected from the literature and evaluations of hybrids from different eras demonstrate that ear size (kernels per ear) of U.S. and Canadian hybrids did not increase during the hybrid era. Ears per plant did not increase above an average of one. Since ear size and prolificacy did not change, higher plant populations were needed to increase sink size (ears and kernels per unit area). This approach to analyzing population–yield relationships suggests that higher populations didn't necessarily contribute directly to higher productivity; rather, the increase in sink size avoided a sink limitation and allowed the higher productivity of the source to be translated into grain yield. Future yield increases will, therefore, require even higher populations which could create new management challenges.
AN INFRASTRUCTURE FOR MECHANISED GRADING (2010)

Mechanised grading is now mature. In this paper, we propose elements for the next step: building a commodity infrastructure for grading. We propose — an architecture for a grading component able to be embedded into various learning environments, — a set of extensible Internet-based protocols to interact with this component, and — a self-contained file format to thoroughly define an exercise in order to ease deployment. The infrastructure was designed to be scalable, robust and secure. First experiments with a partial implementation of this platform show the versatility and the neutrality of the grading component. It does not impose any IDE and it respects the tenets of the embedding learning environment or course-based system.
Improvement in Pulmonary Function and Elastic Recoil after Lung-Reduction Surgery for Diffuse Emphysema (1996)

Lung-reduction surgery can produce increases in the elastic recoil of the lung in patients with diffuse emphysema, leading to short-term improvement in dyspnea and exercise tolerance.
Intelligent Land Vehicle Model Transfer Trajectory Planning Method Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Aiming at the problem of model error and tracking dependence in the process of intelligent vehicle motion planning, an intelligent vehicle model transfer trajectory planning method based on deep reinforcement learning is proposed, which obtain an effective control action sequence directly. Firstly, an abstract model of the real environment is extracted. On this basis, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) and vehicle dynamic model are adopted to jointly train a reinforcement learning model, and to decide the optimal intelligent driving maneuver. Secondly, the actual scene is transferred to equivalent virtual abstract scene by transfer model, furthermore, the control action and trajectory sequences are calculated according to trained deep reinforcement learning model. Thirdly, the optimal trajectory sequence is selected according to evaluation function in the real environment. Finally, the results demonstrate that the proposed method can deal with the problem of intelligent vehicle trajectory planning for continuous input and continuous output. The model transfer method improves the model generalization performance. Compared with the traditional trajectory planning, the proposed method output continuous rotation angle control sequence, meanwhile, the lateral control error is also reduced.
Systemic Meglumine Antimoniate in Acute Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Children versus Adults (2011)

Some studies showed that children have a lower response to systemic use of pentavalent antimoniate than adults. We aimed to evaluate the response rate to Glucantime therapy in children and compare it with adults. One hundred and twelve patients with acute cutaneous leishmaniasis: (ACL) were divided into two equal groups of adults (> 15 yrs) and children (≤ 15 yrs). They received meglumine antimoniate; 20 mg/kg/day for 20 days, their improvement rate was evaluated 20 and 45 days after treatment. Per-protocol analysis showed a significantly lower response in the children group 20 and 45 days after initiation of the treatment (P = 0.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.190 [0.079-0.456]/P = 0.0051, 95% CI = 0.317 [0.140-0.717], respectively). Moreover, after intention-to-treat analysis, the same results were seen in the younger group 20 and 45 days after treatment (P = 0.0003, 95% CI = 0.228 [0.098-0.528]/P = 0.0132, 95% CI = 0.382 [0.177-0.825], respectively). According to our results, systemic Glucantime has lower efficacy in treating ACL in children than adults.
Picoseconds measurement of internal waveforms in integrated circuits using sampling force probing. I. Principle and demonstration (2002)

The ability to provide high frequency measurements internal to integrated circuits can be crucial to the design and failure analysis of microelectronics. As integrated circuits density and operating speed increase, obtaining information on their internal operation becomes extremely difficult using conventional contact probing methods. This paper proposes a non-contact probing technique based on pulse sampling electrostatic force microscopy for the measurement of high frequency signals at internal points in integrated circuits. Internal circuit voltages are determined by sensing the local electrostatic force on a miniature probe cantilever that is closely positioned above the circuit test point. The bandwidth of force measurement, using direct methods, is typically limited by the mechanical frequency response of the used probes. To overcome these limitations, pulse sampling methods have been proposed, which employ modulated high bandwidth sampling pulse approach. The temporal resolution of these pulse sampling methods is limited by the pulse width. Recently, a pulse width modulation approach has been presented and provides a resolution independent of the sampling pulse width. This work presents a high frequency measurement technique based on the pulse width modulation approach that utilizes a square wave modulation method. The proposed technique simplifies the implementation of the pulse width modulation approach at high frequencies and further enhances its resolution.
Cloning human pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase cDNA by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (EC 1.5.1.2) catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent conversion of pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline. We cloned a human pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase cDNA by complementation of proline auxotrophy in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain, DT1100. Using a HepG2 cDNA library in a yeast expression vector, we screened 10(5) transformants, two of which gained proline prototrophy. The plasmids in both contained similar 1.8-kilobase inserts, which when reintroduced into strain DT1100, conferred proline prototrophy. The pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity in these prototrophs was 1-3% that of wild type yeast, in contrast to the activity in strain DT1100 which was undetectable. The 1810-base pair pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase cDNA hybridizes to a 1.85-kilobase mRNA in samples from human cell lines and predicts a 319-amino acid, 33.4-kDa protein. The derived amino acid sequence is 32% identical with that of S. cerevisiae. By genomic DNA hybridization analysis, the human reductase appears to be encoded by a single copy gene which maps to chromosome 17.
QUALITY OF WHITE BREAD MADE FROM LACTIC ACID BACTERIA-ENRICHED DOUGH (2012)

ABSTRACT One of two lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii (LDD) and Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) was added to make LAB-enriched bread and the final bread volume was not affected. LAB-enriched breads were less moist and showed similar profile in proximate composition. White bread showed higher lightness and whiteness index values than PA bread but lower than LDD bread. All sensory results exhibited that LAB-enriched breads showed better acceptability than white bread except for the appearance and color. Three kinds of breads had thoroughly different profiles of volatile compounds and total volatile content in LDD bread (5,374.7 µg/g) was twofolds higher than those in white bread and PA bread (2,896.0 and 2,347.6 µg/g, respectively). Apparently, LDD bread possessed more characteristic aroma. Overall, LAB starter, especially LDD starter could be incorporated into bread to provide its beneficial health effects. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Sourdough has been used in bread production for thousand years. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be added into dough to improve flavor and shelf life, and to increase its variety, nutritional value and product appeal. Accordingly, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii or Pediococcus acidilactici was added to make LAB-enriched bread. Bread quality, including specific volume, proximate composition, color and sensory acceptance as well as volatile compounds in LAB-enriched bread were valuable information for its practical application. The present work showed that LAB could be incorporated into bread to provide its beneficial health effects.
Chip Advancer For GPS Receiver (1989)

Instrument errors made negligible. For each integration interval, both delay and rate of change of delay initialized to small fraction of chip - for example, to order of 10 to the negative 7th power - thereby making feedback control and extraction of delay highly accurate and flexible. With appropriate selection of sampling rate relative to chip rate, commensurability errors reduced to extremely small levels. In Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, pseudorandom code sequence generated by simple digital logic incorporating effects of time, delay, and rate of change of delay. Flexibility in starting time and sum interval very useful in aligning correlation interval with beginnings and endings of data bits.
High-order-harmonic generation by Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes: Control of the spectra by manipulating the spatial medium distribution (2017)

We study high-order-harmonic generation (HHG) by the incident laser beam in the Laguerre-Gaussian mode with a nonzero topological charge. We find that the harmonic signal in the central spot on the beam axis does not always vanish and depends on the distribution of the medium in the focal region of the incident laser beam. The HHG spectra on the beam axis can be controlled by changing the spatial medium distribution. General theoretical results are confirmed by calculations of HHG in the medium of argon atoms, with the single-atom response obtained by means of the time-dependent density functional theory.
Control of Temperature on Microbial Community Structure in Hot Springs of the Tibetan Plateau (2013)

The Tibetan Plateau in Northwest China hosts a number of hot springs that represent a biodiversity hotspot for thermophiles, yet their diversity and relationship to environmental conditions are poorly explored in these habitats. In this study we investigated microbial diversity and community composition in 13 Tibetan hot springs with a wide range of temperatures (22.1-75°C) and other geochemical conditions by using the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing approach. Bacteria (10(8)-10(11) copy/g; 42 bacterial phyla) in Tibetan hot springs were more abundant and far more diverse than Archaea (10(7)-10(10) copy/g; 5 archaeal phyla). The dominant bacterial phyla systematically varied with temperature. Moderate temperatures (75-66°C) favored Aquificae, GAL35, and novel Bacteria, whereas low temperatures (60-22.1°C) selected for Deinococcus-Thermus, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroflexi. The relative abundance of Aquificae was correlated positively with temperature, but the abundances of Deinococcus-Thermus, Cyanobacteria, and Chloroflexi were negatively correlated with temperature. Cyanobacteria and Chloroflexi were abundant in Tibetan hot springs and their abundances were positively correlated at low temperatures (55-43°C) but negatively correlated at moderate temperatures (75-55°C). These correlation patterns suggest a complex physiological relationship between these two phyla. Most archaeal sequences were related to Crenarchaeota with only a few related to Euryarchaeota and Thaumarchaeota. Despite the fact that microbial composition in Tibetan hot springs was strongly shaped by temperature, microbial diversity (richness, evenness and Shannon diversity) was not significantly correlated with temperature change. The results of this study expand our current understanding of microbial ecology in Tibetan hot springs and provide a basis for a global comparison.