gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying a STATCOM for stability improvement to an existing wind farm with fixed-speed induction generators (2008)

Wind farms are becoming important distributed renewable energy resources. However, voltage stability issues with wind farms employing fixed-speed induction generators may require such systems to be augmented with dynamic compensation devices, such as STATCOM units. In preparation for deployment of a 10 MVA STATCOM at an existing wind farm in the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) system, the STATCOM controller is to be tested through hardware-in-the-loop simulation with a real-time digital simulator, which will model both the BPA system and wind farm with high fidelity, transient models. This paper presents groundwork conducted in preparation for the dynamic testing of the controller, including studies of the stability improvement facilitated by the introduction of the STATCOM into the BPA system. The enhancement of voltage stability and induction generator stability by the STATCOM is studied analytically by power-voltage and torque-slip relationships of a simple wind power system, as well as through simulation studies with the real-time simulation to be used for testing of the controller. Simulation results from both approaches are compared and illustrate the potential benefit of the STATCOM in preventing voltage collapse caused by serious network changes, such as opening a line, as well as improvement of the Fault Ride Through capability of the wind power system.
The involvement of bradykinin B<sub>1</sub> and B<sub>2</sub> receptor mechanisms in cytokine‐induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the rat (1994)

1. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-2 and IL-8 induced a mechanical hyperalgesia following intra-articular (i.artic.) injection into rat knee joints, whereas IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were without effect. 2. Co-administration of IL-1 receptor antagonist (0.1 micrograms) with IL-1 beta (1 mu), IL-2 (10 mu) or IL-8 (0.1 mu) prevented the subsequent development of the hyperalgesia. 3. Co-administration of desArg9Leu8BK (0.5-5 nmol) with IL-1 beta (1 mu), IL-2 (10 mu) or IL-8 (0.1 mu) reduced the level of hyperalgesia at 1, 4 and 6 h post administration, whereas Hoe 140 (5 pmol) antagonized the hyperalgesia only at the 1 h time point. 4. Intravenous administration of desArg9Leu8BK (10 nmol kg-1) or Hoe 140 (100 pmol kg-1) following IL-1 beta (1 mu), IL-2 (10 mu), or IL-8 (0.1 mu) reversed the subsequent hyperalgesia. 5. Administration of desArg9BK into joints 24 h after pre-treatment with IL-1 beta (1 mu) produced analegsia at low doses (50 pmol) and hyperalgesia at a higher dose (0.5 nmol). Both these effects were blocked by desArg9Leu8BK (0.5 nmol). 6. Administration of desArg9BK (0.5 nmol i.artic.) to animals 24 h after pre-treatment with IL-2 (1-100 mu) or IL-8 (0.1-10 mu) had no effect on the load tolerated by the treated joint. 7. Administration of indomethacin (1 mg kg-1, s.c.) prior to IL-1 beta (1 mu i.artic.) prevented the development of hyperalgesia. Administration of desArg9BK (5 pmol-0.5 nmol, i.artic.) to animals 24 h after indomethacin and IL-1 beta pretreatment had no effect on the load tolerated by the treated joint. 7. Administration of indomethacin (1 mg kg-1, s.c.) prior to IL-1beta (1 u i.artic.) prevented the development of hyperalgesia. Administration of desArg9BK (5 pmol-0.5 nmol, i.artic.) to animals 24 h after indomethacin and IL-1 beta pretreatment had no effect on the load tolerated by the treated joint.8. These data suggest that both bradykinin B1 and B2 receptors are involved in the induction and maintenance of cytokine-induced hyperalgesia. They also show that the induction of B1 receptor-mediated hyperalgesia requires both cyclo-oxygenase products and IL-1 in vivo.
A new, simple and accurate transition curve type, for use in road and railway alignment design (2013)

This paper evaluates all the available transition curve types related to road and railway alignments and proposes a new, well verified, transition curve type that combines the accuracy of clothoid curve and the simplicity of cubic parabola curve. A methodology similar to clothoid’s curve formation is used to introduce a new transition curve type called “of clothoid Symmetrically Projected Transition Curve (SPTC). All three transition curve types are being compared to each other, for a variety of transition length value versus Radius value combinations. The cubic parabola is a simple function of the form of y=f(x). Clothoid is a transition curve in the form of x=f(l), y=f(l), having as main characteristic the linearity of curvature variation versus its length. A new transition curve will be defined in the form of y=f(x) having also as main characteristic the linearity of curvature variation versus its projection length on axis X. By using the same calculation procedure as the clothoid, the new transition curve will be fully defined. A relation similar to (1) was used as base, by defining a parameter Α similar to the one used in the clothoid. The new curve will be called Symmetrically Projected Transition Curve (SPTC). Some remarkable results that derived from transition curves comparison are: There are no significant differences between the 3 curves in the area of short transition lengths. For long transition lengths, cubic parabola is diverging from the other 2. The deviation of the cubic parabola from the other curves for large values of Χ, ratios Χ/Α > 0.7, as well as the affinity of the clothoid with the SPTC are obvious. The most remarkable observation than can be made in the table is the fact that ΔΧ always zero for the SPTC (10terms). Thus, the SPTC curve is symmetrically projected on its basic tangent. This property contributes to the simplicity of the alignment design. That is another reason to prefer the SPTC curve. The use of cubic parabola in combination with approximate value of diversion can lead to design problems. The new transition curve can be used instead of cubic parabola especially when long transition lengths are required. The new transition curve can also be used successfully to join 2 homo-bending arcs. However, referring to cubic parabola calculations, for a ratio X/A ≥ 0.5 and taking in to account the approximate calculation procedure of ΔR it can lead to alignment design errors. Consequently, the usage limits for each transition curve should be well known. A new transition curve was also proposed in this work. The new curve is called Symmetrically Projected Transition Curve (SPTC). SPTC was found, in most cases, to have better performance than cubic parabola. Symmetry is an important characteristic of the SPTC and contributes to simplicity, accuracy and audit ability of the designed alignment. Finally SPTC can also be used as a transition curve between two adjacent circular arcs in the same direction.
Mind evolutionary computation for a kind of non-numerical optimization problems (2005)

Mind evolutionary computation for a kind of non-numerical optimization problems is introduced, which offers a new all-purpose method for solving the non-numerical optimization. First an all-purpose coding method is induced according to the common characteristics of these problems. Then a series of concepts, for example character, information matrix, etc., are introduced. Consequently an all-purpose similartaxis and dissimilation operations of mind evolutionary computation for those problems are designed. In similartaxis operation, information matrix memorizes the characters of the superior individuals and new individuals are generated under the instruction of the characters of these superior individuals, which not only increases the useful information, but also strengthens the evolution direction. Dissimilation operation is for global search, which makes the algorithm have global convergence. Finally its global convergence is proved with combinatorial theory and Markov chain. Our experiments show that this algorithm is feasible and effective.
Learning to Recommend Links using Graph Structure and Node Content (2010)

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci-entific research documents, whether they are pub-lished or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et a ̀ la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Computer simulation studies of ion implantation in crystalline silicon (1992)

Results from systematic computer simulation studies of boron, phosphorus, and arsenic implants into silicon that are important to integrated circuit technology are discussed in terms of interatomic potential, electronic energy loss, and target orientation effects. Detailed crystallographic analyses of axial and planar channeling are presented. The time evolution of an interesting collision cascade which depicts accidental channeling and dechanneling for a 5-keV boron implant is also presented. An examination of the binary collision cascade code MARLOWE is made and applied to simulate hyperchanneling of high-energy alpha particles in silicon.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Small-scale structure in colliding off-axis vortex rings (1994)

Off-axis collisions of equal-strength vortex rings were experimentally examined. Two equal-strength vortices were generated which moved toward each other along parallel, but offset, trajectories. Two colour laser-induced fluorescence visualization techniques were used to observe these phenomena and gain insight into their importance in vortex interactions. The most prominent features of this interaction were rapid growth and rotation of the rings and formation of evenly spaced ringlets around the cores of the original rings. Large-scale motions are described using simple vortex induction arguments. The small scales are caused by nonlinear amplification of instabilities during the asymmetric interaction.
Composite second order distortion due to self-phasemodulation inexternally modulated optical AM-SCM systems operating at 1550 nm (1994)

Self-phase modulation due to fibre nonlinearity can result in significant composite second order distortion in externally modulated AM-SCM video systems. However, it is shown that this can be minimised by phase modulating the optical carrier. Analytic expressions are derived which are in good agreement with numerical simulations.
Incorporation of acyl moieties of phospholipids into murein lipoprotein in intact cells of Escherichia coli by phospholipid vesicle fusion (1980)

The biosynthesis of the acyl moieties in murein lipoprotein was studied by fusion of [3H]palmitate-labeled phospholipid vesicles with intact cells of an fadD mutant of Escherichia coli. A linear increase in the incorporation of [3H]palmitate radioactivity into both the ester- and amide-linked fatty acids in lipoprotein was observed during a 3-h chase after the fusion. Addition of chloramphenicol completely prevented the incorporation of [3H]palmitate from phospholipids to lipoprotein. These results strongly support our hypothesis that the acyl moieties in phospholipids are the precursors for the fatty acids in murein lipoprotein of E. coli. Among the major glycerophosphatides in E. coli, no specificity was observed regarding the efficacy of the donor.
Simultaneous and nonlinear identification of mechanical and reflex properties of human elbow joint muscles (1997)

The naturally coexisting intrinsic mechanical and reflex properties of the human elbow joint were identified simultaneously using nonlinear, time-delay, continuous-time, and dynamic models. Angular random perturbations of small amplitude and low bandwidth were applied to the joint using a computer-controlled servomotor, while the subject maintained various levels of mean background muscle torque. Joint neuromuscular dynamics were identified from the measured elbow angle and torque. Stretch reflexes were modeled nonlinearly with both dynamic and static reflex gains. A continuous-time system identification method was developed to estimate parameters of the nonlinear models directly from sampled data while retaining realistic physical or physiological interpretations. Results from six subjects showed that dynamic stretch reflex gains, joint stiffness, and viscosity generally increased with mean background muscle torque; and that dynamic stretch reflex gain was higher during muscle stretch than that during muscle shortening. More importantly, the study provided realistic simultaneous estimates of the relative contributions of intrinsic mechanical and reflex actions to net joint torque. In particular, reflexively-mediated stiffness generated a significant portion of the total joint stiffness and the percentage varied systematically with background muscle torque.
A Review of the Design Issues and Techniques for Radial-Flux Brushless Surface and Internal Rare-Earth Permanent-Magnet Motors (2010)

This paper reviews many design issues and analysis techniques for the brushless permanent-magnet machine. It reviews the basic requirements for the use of both ac and dc machines and issues concerning the selection of pole number, winding layout, rotor topology, drive strategy, field weakening, and cooling. These are key issues in the design of a motor. Leading-edge design techniques are illustrated. This paper is aimed as a tutor for motor designers who may be unfamiliar with this particular type of machine.
Role of <i>rpoS</i> in Acid Resistance and Fecal Shedding of <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 (2000)

Acid resistance (AR) is important to survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in acidic foods and may play a role during passage through the bovine host. In this study, we examined the role in AR of the rpoS-encoded global stress response regulator sigma(S) and its effect on shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in mice and calves. When assayed for each of the three AR systems identified in E. coli, an rpoS mutant (rpoS::pRR10) of E. coli O157:H7 lacked the glucose-repressed system and possessed reduced levels of both the arginine- and glutamate-dependent AR systems. After administration of the rpoS mutant and the wild-type strain (ATCC 43895) to ICR mice at doses ranging from 10(1) to 10(4) CFU, we found the wild-type strain in feces of mice given lower doses (10(2) versus 10(3) CFU) and at a greater frequency (80% versus 13%) than the mutant strain. The reduction in passage of the rpoS mutant was due to decreased AR, as administration of the mutant in 0.05 M phosphate buffer facilitated passage and increased the frequency of recovery in feces from 27 to 67% at a dose of 10(4) CFU. Enumeration of E. coli O157:H7 in feces from calves inoculated with an equal mixture of the wild-type strain and the rpoS mutant demonstrated shedding of the mutant to be 10- to 100-fold lower than wild-type numbers. This difference in shedding between the wild-type strain and the rpoS mutant was statistically significant (P </= 0.05). Thus, sigma(S) appears to play a role in E. coli O157:H7 passage in mice and shedding from calves, possibly by inducing expression of the glucose-repressed RpoS-dependent AR determinant and thus increasing resistance to gastrointestinal stress. These findings may provide clues for future efforts aimed at reducing or eliminating this pathogen from cattle herds.
[Allergic bronchitis in bronchial asthma]. (1994)

Asthma was known already in ancient times. International Consensus Report on Diagnosis and Management of Asthma published in 1993 gives its updated definition, classification and treatment, but pathomechanism and pathophysiological differences between atopic and non-atopic asthma remain unclear. Most commonly accepted is the inflammatory conception of asthma presented by Kay in 1983. Eosinophil, lymphocyte and their products seem to play an important role in allergic inflammation. A raise of interest toward adhesion molecules role has been observed lately.
A Mobile Live Video Learning System for Large-Scale Learning—System Design and Evaluation (2010)

In China, the number of university students has quadrupled in only six years. How can technology support the access to education of these and future students? In this paper, we describe the mobile live video learning system developed at the Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Motivated by the observation that in developing countries, mobile phones have a much higher penetration rate than laptop and desktop computers, we developed a mobile learning system that streams live lectures to the students' mobile devices. The lectures are held as usual in university, not requiring the costly preparation of especially authored mobile learning materials. The system takes care of compressing the video and audio data efficiently so that it can be live-streamed, while maintaining high visual quality of the slides. Due to the synchronous (live) nature of the system, students can interact with the teacher during the lecture, using a set of preprogrammed interactions that facilitate feedback with mobile devices with limited input facilities. Large-scale evaluations in two lectures with 1000 students each show that students find using the system beneficial. In sum, the mobile live video learning system offers a convenient and cost-effective way of making higher education accessible to large number of students.
Direct Opioid Application to Peripheral Nerves Does Not Alter Compound Action Potentials (1985)

The identification of opiate receptors on primary afferent fibers near the dorsal root ganglia suggests that opiates may be able to affect conduction in primary afferent nerve fibers. We examined the effect of directly applied, preservative-free morphine sulfate (0.1 mg/kg) and fentanyl citrate (25 micrograms/kg) on the A beta, A delta, and C components of the compound action potential of the superficial radial nerve in decerebrate cats (n = 18). Neither drug caused any significant change in the area under the curve of any of the compound action potentials studied. These data indicate that systemically administered opiates are unlikely to cause changes in primary afferent nerve conduction.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of <i>Candida albicans</i> After In Vitro Treatment with Miconazole (1975)

A study was made on the in vitro action of the antimycotic miconazole on Candida albicans yeast cells with scanning electron microscopy, and the effects were compared with those seen on the yeast cells by means of transmission electron microscopy. It was found that cells exposed to fungistatic and minimal fungicidal doses of miconazole (10(-7) M and 10(-6) M) presented rough surfaces and had multiple, desoriented buds and bud scars. Whereas in control cultures the cells were well separated, the treated ones formed small clusters of interconnected cells. After exposure to a fungicidal concentration (10(-4) M) of the drug, most of the remaining cells showed smooth surfaces and were covered with numerous vesicular structures probably representing cytoplasmic remnants derived from broken cells. This has been substantiated by the presence of abundant fragments of cell walls and confirmed by examination of similarly treated cultures in the transmission electron microscope. Moreover, the cells with an apparently intact surface when examined with scanning electron microscopy were shown with transmission electron microscopical examination to be completely necrotic inside.
Efficiency of underdamped dc SQUIDs as readout devices for flux qubits (2003)

The flux state quantum bit (qubit) is promising for a solid state implementation of scalable quantum computing. The simplest flux state qubit consists of an rf SQUID with two fluxoid states, which can be readout with a dc SQUID - the most sensitive magnetic flux detector. Efficient readout with less back-action is desirable for quantum computing. In this work, we report measurements of the switching flux and switching current distributions of under damped dc SQUIDs. The data show that single shot readout of flux qubit with very high efficiency (>99%) can be realized using underdamped hysteretic dc SQUIDs.
TGF-β1 and IFN-γ Direct Macrophage Activation by TNF-α to Osteoclastic or Cytocidal Phenotype (2000)

TNF-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE; also called receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL), osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF), osteoprotegerin ligand (OPGL), and TNFSF11) induces the differentiation of progenitors of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage into osteoclasts in the presence of M-CSF. Surprisingly, in view of its potent ability to induce inflammation and activate macrophage cytocidal function, TNF-alpha has also been found to induce osteoclast-like cells in vitro under similar conditions. This raises questions concerning both the nature of osteoclasts and the mechanism of lineage choice in mononuclear phagocytes. We found that, as with TRANCE, the macrophage deactivator TGF-beta(1) strongly promoted TNF-alpha-induced osteoclast-like cell formation from immature bone marrow macrophages. This was abolished by IFN-gamma. However, TRANCE did not share the ability of TNF-alpha to activate NO production or heighten respiratory burst potential by macrophages, or induce inflammation on s.c. injection into mice. This suggests that TGF-beta(1) promotes osteoclast formation not only by inhibiting cytocidal behavior, but also by actively directing TNF-alpha activation of precursors toward osteoclasts. The osteoclast appears to be an equivalent, alternative destiny for precursors to that of cytocidal macrophage, and may represent an activated variant of scavenger macrophage.
Evolution of predictive tools for <i>in situ</i> bioremediation and natural attenuation evaluations (2010)

Abstract Proving the viability of in situ bioremediation technologies and gathering data for its full‐scale implementation typically involves collecting multiple rounds of data and often completing microcosm studies. Collecting these data is cumbersome, time‐consuming, costly, and typically difficult to scale. A new method of completing microcosm studies in situ using an amendable sampling device deployed and incubated in groundwater monitoring wells provides actionable data to expedite site cleanup. The device, referred to as a Bio‐Trap® sampler, is designed to collect actively colonizing microbes and dissolved organic compounds from groundwater for analysis using conventional analytical techniques and advanced diagnostic tools that can answer very specific design and viability questions relating to bioremediation. Key data that can be provided by in situ microcosm studies using Bio‐Trap® samplers include definitively demonstrating contaminant destruction by using compound‐specific isotope analysis and providing data on the mechanism of the degradation by identifying the responsible microbes. Three case studies are presented that demonstrate the combined flexibility of Bio‐Trap® samplers and advanced site diagnostics. The applications include demonstrating natural attenuation of dissolved chlorinated solvents, demonstrating natural attenuation of dissolved petroleum compounds, and using multiple Bio‐Trap® samplers to comparatively assess the viability of bioaugmentation at a chlorinated solvent release site. At each of these sites, the in situ microcosm studies quickly and cost‐effectively answered key design and viability questions, allowing for regulatory approval and successful full‐scale implementation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Some New 2‐Chloroethylnitrosoureas (1993)

The synthesis of a series of N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(9H-xanthen-9-yl)-N-nitrosoureas and N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(9H-thioxanthen-9-yl)-N-nitrosoureas is described. The title compounds were evaluated against NSCLCN6 L16 bronchial epidermoid carcinoma in vitro and some of them were found to be active. N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-(2-methoxy-9H-xanthen-9-yl)-N-nitrosourea (8e) was active against leukemia P388 tumor system in mice.