gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allocation of Earth Observation Satellite Resource for Multi-target (2007)

When an earth observation satellite works for a short-term mission,people must deal with the allocation problem.That is to say,in order to make the information from observation maximum,or get the optimal information gain under a certain rule,it must assign the satellite payload for each target.So it should give a model for evaluating the observation effect and making sequence for all targets.The model takes the CCD observation satellite as an example.And it talks about four factors that affect the observation effect,as well as a method of using entropy and membership function to found the model.It can be used for the requirement analysis,system design and effectiveness evaluation of target observation satellite system.The simulation results are given to illustrate the applicability of this model.
A hierarchical dynamic programming approach to fixed-rate, entropy-coded quantization (1996)

In quantization of any source with a nonuniform probability density function, the entropy coding of the quantizer output can result in a substantial decrease in bit rate. A straightforward entropy coding scheme faces us with the problem of variable data rate. A solution in a space of dimensionality N is to select an appropriate subset of elements in the N-fold Cartesian product of a scalar quantizer and represent its elements with codewords of the same length. The drawback is that the search/addressing of this scheme can no longer be achieved independently along the one-dimensional subspaces. A reasonable rule is to select the N-fold symbols of the highest probability. For a memoryless source, this is equivalent to selecting the N-fold symbols with the lowest additive self-information. In this case, due to the additivity property of the self-information, the selected subset has a high degree of structure which can be used to substantially decrease the search/addressing complexity. A dynamic programming approach is used to exploit this structure. We build our recursive structure required for the dynamic programming in a hierarchy of levels. This results in several benefits over the conventional trellis-based approaches. Using this structure, we develop efficient rules (based on aggregating the states) to substantially reduce the search/addressing complexities while keeping the degradation in performance negligible.
Direct-measurement ion-selective electrodes: analytical error in hyponatremia. (1985)

Using two commercial direct ion-selective-electrode sodium and potassium analyzers, we found lower sodium values in cases of hyponatremia as compared with those by flame emission spectrophotometry or indirect ion-selective-electrode analyzers. It is shown that these errors can be eliminated by modifying the calibrant, and that there is a requirement for internationally agreed-upon reference standards for use by manufacturers and laboratory personnel to assess analytical performance of these analyzers.
Aerodynamic stabilization of an electrical discharge for gas lasers (1980)

This work reports on a study of a subsonic, turbulent, diffuse discharge with potential application to electric discharge convection lasers. Two methods of turbulence generation have been investigated; namely, a pulsed-jet ejector and a plate generator. Power inputs for various flow conditions are reported. Turbulence spectra for these flow conditions have been studied and an effort made to optimize the discharge stabilizing properties of the flow. Plate generated turbulence proved superior for stabilizing the discharge.
Application Of Pattern Recognition Techniques To Process Cartographic Data (1984)

Graphical representation of cartocraphic data consists of symbols assigned to physical entities, interconnections to denote spatial and structural relationships among such symbols, and text to describe and identify these symbols and interconnections. An image understanding system to extract useful information from geographical maps is proposed. Pattern recognition techniques are applied to identify geometrical forms of various symbols. For each valid symbol identified, a set of files is created to store pertinent structural information extracted from the image. These files, in conjunction with a knowledge base of geographic data, are used to answer simple queries related to the spatial organization of the objects in the map.
Periodontal healing in horizontal and vertical defects following surgical or non-surgical therapy. (1997)

The aim of the present study was to investigate any relationship between the level of oral hygiene and probing pocket depth reduction over time after periodontal treatment in sites with either vertical or horizontal destructions. The investigation was conducted as a retrospective study on a 3-year consecutive referral population of periodontitis-prone patients based on full-mouth oral radiographic examinations, probing pocket depth registrations and plaque scores. The analyses were performed on a final sample of 3064 sites in 107 patients with regression analysis after adjusting for dependence within the patient. Probing pocket depth was significantly less reduced over time in sites with vertical destructions compared to sites with horizontal destructions following non-surgical treatment. Furthermore, the difference in probing pocket depth reduction between vertical and horizontal defects following non-surgical treatment increased over time in sites with plaque compared to sites without plaque, thus reflecting the importance of the patient's plaque control, especially in sites with vertical destructions. However, the difference in probing pocket depth reduction between vertical and horizontal defects did not increase over time for surgically treated teeth, a finding which probably can be attributed to a more thorough debridement of vertical defects during surgery and/or osteoplasty/osteoectomy limiting the surface area upon which a long junctional epithelium can form, which may facilitate recurrence of a periodontal pocket.
Development of a steerable in-pipe locomotive device with six braided tubes (2018)

Numerous studies have developed in-pipe locomotive devices to inspect pipes. However, it is difficult to achieve selective locomotion in a branched piping system. In this study, a novel steerable in-pipe locomotive device is proposed based on “a six-braided-tubes locomotive device,” which is an in-pipe locomotive device that is actuated by only six pneumatic inflatable tubes. It is one of the simplest in-pipe locomotive devices that is capable of forward and backward motion and can rotate in clockwise and counterclockwise directions along a pipe, can select the desired pathway in the branched pipe. In this paper, we discuss the background of pipe inspection, classify previously developed in-pipe locomotive devices, and clarify the aim of this study. Additionally, we also describe and extend the locomotive principles of six-braided-tubes locomotive devices. Moreover, we propose a novel attachment, termed steering hook, to enable steering in various types of branched systems. Finally, we experimentally confirm that the novel proposed principle allows the device to correct path selection in an in-pipe branched piping system.
Trends in Film Cooling Effectiveness Caused by Increasing Angle of Diffusion Through a Row of Conical Holes (2007)

Previous studies have concluded that increasing the diffusion angle in conical film cooling holes leads to an improvement in film cooling effectiveness. Discharge coefficient and film cooling effectiveness measurements are conducted to characterize these effects. Three test-plates, each with one row of eight pure conical-shaped cooling holes of diffusion angles of 2, 4, and 6 degrees, with respect to the hole-centerline, are used in this study. In addition, the effects of an added entry-length (cylindrical starting section) are also investigated in the form of a 2-degree conical hole with a 4-diameter cylindrical entry-length. Area ratios for these holes range from 1.7 to 2.83. Coolant is injected at 35 degrees to the horizontal, into the main flow. The interactions between the coolant jets downstream of the injection point are also investigated. Temperature sensitive paint, TSP, is the technique used to acquire the temperature distribution downstream of the cooling holes, and thus, ascertain the laterally-averaged film cooling effectiveness. Data are obtained for blowing ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.5. Results and trends are compared with those published on a study on conical holes by the authors, as well as published data for shaped holes, which indicate that the higher conical angles do increase laterally-averaged effectiveness. Moreover, the added entry-length, while providing a metering diameter, does improve the effectiveness in the near-hole region particularly at the higher blowing ratios.
Phase II Study of Thymoglobulin, Cyclosporine and G-CSF for Initial Treatment of Aplastic Anemia and Low Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (2008)

Abstract Aplastic anemia (AA) is treated with equine anti-thymocyte globulin (hATG) and cyclosporine with response rates up to 65%. Rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG, Thymoglobulin®) has been used successfully in relapsed and refractory patients with AA, reducing the risk associated with readministration of equine preparations. Immunosuppressive therapy is also effective in some subsets of patients with Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). To evaluate if the combination of rATG, cyclosporine and G-CSF is safe and effective as first-line treatment of AA and low-risk MDS. In this single-arm, phase II study, we investigated the efficacy (primary endpoint) and safety (secondary endpoint) of combined rATG, cyclosporine and G-CSF as first-line therapy for patients with AA and Hypoplastic MDS. After 8 patients were enrolled, the study was modified to also include patients with low/intermediate-1 per the International Prognostic Scoring System. Thymoglobulin 3.5 mg/kg (or 2.5 mg/kg/day for patients ≥55 years) was given for 4 days in the first 10 patients and for 5 days in the remaining patients. Methylprednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) was given for 5 days followed by a tapering dose of oral prednisone. G-CSF (5 μg/kg) was given subcutaneously daily for up to 3 months starting after thymoglobulin. Cyclosporine (5 mg/kg) was given daily and continued for 6 months or longer at the discretion of the treating physician. All patients received prophylactic broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Responses were assessed about 3 months after initiating therapy. Thirty-six patients have been enrolled on study with 3 patients choosing alternate therapies and 1 patient dying before initiation of therapy. Among the thirty-two patients treated, 4 have been on study for less than 2 months; therefore 14 patients with AA and 14 with MDS were evaluable for a response. The median age was 62 years (20–83) for patients with AA and 63 (42–80) for patients with MDS. Thirteen of the fourteen (93%) patients with AA responded (5 CR, 7 PR, 1 HI-N), while four of 14 (29%) patients with MDS responded (1 CR, 3 PR). For patients with AA, the median time to response (TTR) was 93 days (79–623). For patients with MDS, the median TTR was 111 days (77–139). The median response duration for both groups has not been reached. Side effects were listed for 30 of 36 patients on treatment. The main grade 3/4 toxicities included thrombocytopenia in 20 patients (67%), anemia in 8 (27%), leukopenia in 17 (57%), and neutropenic fever in 4 (13%). Other grade 3/4 toxicities included renal failure, hypertension, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, fever, leukocytosis, increased liver function tests, hyperglycemia, and syncope (in 1 patient each). The combination of rabbit thymoglobulin (rATG), cyclosporine and G-CSF is safe and effective in first-line treatment of AA and has significant activity in low-risk MDS.
Phenylpyropene A and B, New Inhibitors of Acyl‐CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Produced by Penicillium griseofulvum F1959. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Differential propagation phase shift and rainfall rate estimation (1986)

This paper presents two methods for computing differential propagation phase shift (ϕ DP ) using time series data form a coherent radar with alternate switching between two linear but orthogonal polarizations. An analysis of the statistical error in ϕ DP estimate shows that ϕ DP can be estimated with less than 0.5° standard error using time and range averaging. To evaluate the usefulness of ϕ DP for estimating rainfall rate (R) vis‐a‐vis the Z DR method, a discussion on the sensitivity of R to standard errors in ϕ DP as well as Z H and Z DR is presented. It is shown that the relation, differential propagation phase constant Δϕ versus R , is relatively insensitive to drop size distribution (DSD) variations and thus can yield more accurate R estimate, even when a direct relationship between Δϕ and R is assumed. However, standard error in Δϕ estimate causes large inaccuracies of R at low values ( R < 50 mmh −1 ), thus limiting its usefulness to higher rainfall rates. It is also shown that Δϕ can be used as a third remote measurable in conjunction with Z H and Z DR to determine a three parameter gamma DSD. Another use of Δϕ is likely to be in hydrometeor type identification, especially hail in severe storms.
Role of fibronectin in staphylococcal colonisation of fibrin thrombi and plastic surfaces (1993)

The adhesive glycoprotein fibronectin has been proposed as a mediator of adherence of certain gram-positive cocci to host cells and fibrin thrombi. This study compared the role of soluble and immobilised fibronectin in the adherence of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and Staphylococcus aureus to fibrin thrombi and plastic surfaces. Adherence of S. epidermidis to fibrin thrombi was significantly reduced when fibronectin was removed from the plasma used for thrombus preparation. Adherence was restored through restitution of fibronectin. S. epidermidis also adhered substantially more to plastic surface coated with fibronectin than to non-coated plastic. Increased adherence of CNS to plastic was also observed after coating with the 29-kDa N-terminal fragment of fibronectin. Soluble fibronectin did not affect the adherence of CNS to fibrin thrombi or plastic surfaces. The adherence of S. aureus to fibrin thrombi was significantly increased by the addition of soluble fibronectin, but not by incorporation of fibronectin into the clot. These results indicate that the binding of fibronectin is an important factor in the adherence of staphylococci to fibrin clots and plastic surfaces and, thus, colonisation of these surfaces. However, the two species of staphylococci seem to employ different mechanisms of fibronectin-mediated adherence: S. epidermidis interacts mainly with fibronectin incorporated in fibrin clots or immobilised on implanted synthetic materials, whereas S. aureus adheres to the fibrin matrix through binding of soluble fibronectin present in wound exudates.
Switched Thermal Anemometer (2008)

A new experimental circuit arrangement for a thermal anemometer using a microcontroller as a control unit is described. The device uses a boost-configured self-heated thermistor as a flow detection sensor. Two different operating modes are presented: a sigma-delta constant temperature operating mode and a transient-temperature based operating mode. Both modes are compared and experimental results showing the performance in both cases are presented.
Rheb Inhibits C-Raf Activity and B-Raf/C-Raf Heterodimerization (2006)

The Ras-Raf-MEK signaling cascade is critical for normal development and is activated in many forms of cancer. We have recently shown that B-Raf kinase interacts with and is inhibited by Rheb, the target of the GTPase-activating domain of the tuberous sclerosis complex 2 gene product tuberin. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that activation of Rheb is associated with decreased B-Raf and C-Raf phosphorylation at residues Ser-446 and Ser-338, respectively, concomitant with a decrease in the activities of both kinases and decreased heterodimerization of B-Raf and C-Raf. Importantly, the impact of Rheb on B-Raf/C-Raf heterodimerization and kinase activity are rapamycin-insensitive, indicating that they are independent of Rheb activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin-Raptor complex. In addition, we found that Rheb inhibits the association of B-Raf with H-Ras. Taken together, these results support a central role of Rheb in the regulation of the Ras/B-Raf/C-Raf/MEK signaling network.
Mouse Macrophage Metalloelastase Expressed in Bacteria Absolutely Requires Zinc for Activity (1995)

Mouse macrophage metalloelastase was expressed in Escherichia coli. This recombinant enzyme (rMME) was present in the inclusion bodies that were solubilized in 7 M guanidine HCl. After removal of guanidine HCl, rMME was purified with a Q-Sepharose column. Degradation of [3H]elastin by rMME absolutely required Ca2+; the optimal Ca2+ concentration was 5 mM. NaCl stimulated the enzyme activity; maximal stimulation was obtained at 400 mM. The rMME activity was inhibited by metalloprotease inhibitors, but not by serine, aspartyl, or thiol protease inhibitors. Among the divalent cations tested, only Ba2+ and Sr2+ exhibited marginal stimulation of rMME activity in the absence of Ca2+. Cu2+, Zn2+, or Cd2+ strongly inhibited rMME activity with IC50 values between 68 and 180 microM, while Mg2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Co2+, and Sr2+ had no effect. The requirement of Zn2+ for rMME activity was determined. Significant enzyme activity was present in rMME treated with EDTA followed by Q-Sepharose column chromatography. Only when the inclusion bodies were solubilized in the presence of 20 mM EDTA, did an enzyme preparation which was absolutely dependent on exogenous Zn2+ for activity result. The optimal Zn2+ concentration for rMME activation was 100 microM. These results indicate that Zn2+ is tightly bound to rMME.
Relationship between inoculative quantity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and the mortality of rainbow trout fry. (1987)

The influence of inoculative quantity of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) on mor-tality of rainbow trout fry Salmo gairdneri was studied. IPNV-Buhl strain which is the most dominant IPNV-strain in Japan was used for a challenge virus and a highly sensitive strain to IPNV (RT-101 strain, 0.13 g and 0.26g in the mean B. W.) was employed as an experimental fish in this study. The fry was immersed with 105.0, 104.0, 103.0, 102.0 and 101.0 TCID50/ml of IPNV at 15°C for 1h and incubated at 15°C for 28 days. As the results obtained, cumulative mortality in the fry weighing 0.13g was 92, 84, 80, 51 and 26% and in the fry weighing 0.26g was 61, 38, 26, 0 and 0%at 105.0, 104.0, 103.0, 102.0 and 101.0 TCID50/ml of IPNV, respectively. At 105.0 TCID50/mlof IPNV, the peak of daily mortality was on the 4-6th day after inoculation and the mortalitypattern was a typical acute type. The daily mortality became lower, the peak of the daily mortalitywas delayed and the death of fry continued until later, as tine inoculative quantity of IPNV wasreduced.
Measurement of physical property gradients with elastic surface wave dispersion (1973)

The penetration of elastic surface waves into a solid is inversely proportional to frequency, and this provides an opportunity to nondestructi vely and easily measure the depth variation of physical properties. Elastic surface wave velocity measurements as a function of frequency should be able to reflect variations with depth of such properties as density, internal stress, hydrogen diffusion in metals, case hardening of steels and so on. One of these, induction hardened steel, has been chosen by us as an example for investigating this problem from an experimental and theoretical point of view. The acoustic impulse technique was used to measure the frequency dependence of the Rayleigh wave velocity on an induction hardened 1043 steel bar. The total change in the velocity for the frequency range 0. 5 MHz to 6.0 MHz amounted to over 1% or approximately 10 times the precision of the measurement technique. This dispersion data could be correlated with the depth profile of hardness which ranged from Rc = 52 on the surface to Rc =27 at a depth of 0.130 inches (0.33 em). This correlation was substantiated by destructive testing in which the Rayleigh wave velocity was measured at the highest frequency (6 MHz) as a function of the depth by successive removal of 0. 030 ( 0. 0761 em) thick layers. The mathematical problem of converting Rayleigh wave velocity versus frequency data into profiles of physical properties versus depth will be outlined.
Effects of Anisotropy on the Performance Sensitivity of the Mesh-Free Random Grid Method for Whole Field Strain Measurement (2009)

The recently developed mesh-free random grid method (MFRGM) has been exhibiting very promising characteristics of accuracy, adaptability, implementation flexibility and efficiency. These are essential features enabling material characterization methodologies that depend on the experimental measurement of displacement and strain fields. The aim of the present paper is to present a sensitivity analysis that aids into determining the effects of the material or loading orientation of an anisotropic medium with an open hole and critical computational parameters characterizing the MFRGM in terms of its accuracy performance. First a brief outline of the MFRGM is provided. A sensitivity analysis based on the effect of the orientation angle of an anisotropic medium with an open hole is presented for a realistic choice of experimental (optical) characteristics. Finally, the effects of the mean dot size and dot distance (that are essential experimental parameters of the method) on the strain fields, are presented.
Use of Fluorescent-Protein Tagging To Determine the Subcellular Localization of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> Proteins Encoded by the Cytadherence Regulatory Locus (2004)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae lacks a cell wall but has internal cytoskeleton-like structures that are assumed to support the attachment organelle and asymmetric cell shape of this bacterium. To explore the fine details of the attachment organelle and the cytoskeleton-like structures, a fluorescent-protein tagging technique was applied to visualize the protein components of these structures. The focus was on the four proteins--P65, HMW2, P41, and P24--that are encoded in the crl operon (for "cytadherence regulatory locus"), which is known to be essential for the adherence of M. pneumoniae to host cells. When the P65 and HMW2 proteins were fused to enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP), a variant of green fluorescent protein, the fused proteins became localized at the attachment organelle, enabling visualization of the organelles of living cells by fluorescence microscopy. The leading end of gliding M. pneumoniae cells, expressing the EYFP-P65 fusion, was observed as a focus of fluorescence. On the other hand, when the P41 and P24 proteins were labeled with EYFP, the fluorescence signals of these proteins were observed at the proximal end of the attachment organelle. Coexpression of the P65 protein labeled with enhanced cyan fluorescent protein clearly showed that the sites of localization of P41 and P24 did not overlap that of P65. The localization of P41 and P24 suggested that they are also cytoskeletal proteins that function in the formation of unknown structures at the proximal end of the attachment organelle. The fluorescent-protein fusion technique may serve as a powerful tool for identifying components of cytoskeleton-like structures and the attachment organelle. It can also be used to analyze their assembly.