gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling Constellation Virtual Missions Using the VdotTM Process Management Tool (2011)

The authors have identified a software tool suite that will support NASA's Virtual Mission (VM) effort. This is accomplished by transforming a spreadsheet database of mission events, task inputs and outputs, timelines, and organizations into process visualization tools and a Vdot process management model that includes embedded analysis software as well as requirements and information related to data manipulation and transfer. This paper describes the progress to date, and the application of the Virtual Mission to not only Constellation but to other architectures, and the pertinence to other aerospace applications. Vdot s intuitive visual interface brings VMs to life by turning static, paper-based processes into active, electronic processes that can be deployed, executed, managed, verified, and continuously improved. A VM can be executed using a computer-based, human-in-the-loop, real-time format, under the direction and control of the NASA VM Manager. Engineers in the various disciplines will not have to be Vdot-proficient but rather can fill out on-line, Excel-type databases with the mission information discussed above. The author s tool suite converts this database into several process visualization tools for review and into Microsoft Project, which can be imported directly into Vdot. Many tools can be embedded directly into Vdot, and when the necessary data/information is received from a preceding task, the analysis can be initiated automatically. Other NASA analysis tools are too complex for this process but Vdot automatically notifies the tool user that the data has been received and analysis can begin. The VM can be simulated from end-to-end using the author s tool suite. The planned approach for the Vdot-based process simulation is to generate the process model from a database; other advantages of this semi-automated approach are the participants can be geographically remote and after refining the process models via the human-in-the-loop simulation, the system can evolve into a process management server for the actual process.
Avoid a fatal mix (2007)

In Brief Lost decimal…ceftriaxone warning…wrong route…tracheostomy cuff misconnection… computer misinterprets abbreviation
Randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of bovine lactoferrin in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2006)

Several studies have suggested that lactoferrin administration may decrease the serum level of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The aim of the present study was to confirm the efficacy of orally administered bovine lactoferrin (bLF) in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The patients with chronic hepatitis C randomly received either oral bLF at a dose of 1.8 g daily for 12 weeks, or an oral placebo. The primary endpoint was the virologic response, defined as a 50% or greater decrease in serum HCV RNA level at 12 weeks compared with the baseline. The secondary endpoint was the biochemical response, which was defined as a 50% or greater decrease in the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level at 12 weeks compared with the baseline. One hundred and ninety-eight of 199 patients were evaluable for efficacy and safety. bLF treatment was well tolerated and no serious toxicities were observed. A virologic response was achieved in 14 of 97 patients (14.4%) in the bLF group, and 19 of 101 (18.8%) in the placebo group. There was no significant difference in virologic response rates between the two groups (-4.4%, 95% confidence interval -14.8, 6.1). In addition, bLF intake did not have any favorable effect on the serum ALT level. The virologic responses were not different between two groups in any subgroup analysis. In conclusion, orally administered bLF does not demonstrate any significant efficacy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
On the role of machine learning algorithms in developing MEMS components (2004)

This paper provides a review of several significant applications of machine learning tools in the development of MEMS components and devices. Four topics are covered, two represent traditional applications of artificial neural networks, drag reduction and reliability forecasting, and two are non-traditional applications, namely model reduction and MEMS based neurocomputing.
Symmetric Linear Assembly of Hourglass-like ZnO Nanostructures (2007)

Self-assembly of complex nanostructured building units into larger configurations is a challenging area in the synthesis and design of nanomaterials. In this work, we synthesized and organized a new type of ZnO nanostructure using a wet chemical approach. The complex ZnO building block synthesized is actually a structural dimer formed by coupling the (0001) planes of two identical subunits. With its interior cavity created by an Ostwald ripening process, each ZnO building block resembles an hourglass structure. Interestingly, these hollow building blocks can be further connected to one another into robust one-dimensional arrays through van der Waals interaction of their surface-anchored organic species. It is further noted that, through this hierarchical organization, the inherent crystal asymmetry of ZnO can be removed or modulated in final assembled structures regardless of the actual number of constructional units. Synthetic flexibility of the present approach for obtaining other crystal morphologies and general size-control has also been investigated.
Microwave Transmission of a Compound Metal Grating (2006)

An array of subwavelength slits in a metallic substrate supports a series of Fabry-Perot-like resonances, where each harmonic results in a transmission peak. Addition of extra slits per period yields a compound grating with a structure factor associated with the basis. In this study each repeat period is comprised of a central slit flanked by a pair of narrower slits. It supports three resonances for every Fabry-Perot-like solution. New and useful insight into this phenomenon is gained by describing each of the modes in terms of the band structure of diffractively coupled surface waves.
Cell‐derived microparticles in synovial fluid from inflamed arthritic joints support coagulation exclusively via a factor VII–dependent mechanism (2002)

Synovial fluid contains high numbers of microparticles derived from leukocytes that are strongly coagulant via the factor VII-dependent pathway. We propose that these microparticles contribute to the local hypercoagulation and fibrin deposition in inflamed joints of patients with RA and other arthritic disorders.
Nanospray Mass Spectrometry with Indirect Conductive Graphite Coating (2004)

An easy and cost-effective method to manufacture a robust conductive graphite coating for nanospray mass spectrometry (nESI-MS) and capillary electrophoresis (CE)-nESI-MS is described. The method involves graphite coating of a tube sleeve, into which the nESI emitter is inserted and connected to a transfer capillary, instead of coating the actual emitter. The coating, made of graphite from a pencil and epoxy glue, was stable over long periods of use (>80 h) and showed excellent resistance toward various solvents. Stable electrospray was achieved in the investigated flow range (150-900 nL x min(-)(1)), and salbutamol, diphenhydramine, and nortriptyline (M(w): 239-263 g x mol(-)(1)) were detected in the nanomole per liter range during continuous pumping. CE-nESI-MS analysis gave excellent signal-to-noise ratios for 100-fmol injections. The technique allows simple exchange of the nESI emitter to suit a specific flow rate, and it minimizes risk of corona discharge.
Imaging and sensing from 100GHz to 1THz (2009)

This paper discusses the merits of different antenna designs for security applications when operating in the 100 GHz to 1 THz region. Designs are required which are lightweight with an f/number of ~1 and mirror systems are preferred. Lenses have been used for smaller systems (150 mm diameter) but the mass and loss are prohibitive for larger diameters. The propagation of radiation through the atmosphere, clothing and explosive impacts on performance and is also reviewed. Two systems are described both operating at 100 GHz; one is an imager based on mirrors and the other a sensor based on lenses.
Atomic Force Microscopy Shows Connexin26 Hemichannel Clustering in Purified Membrane Fragments (2014)

Connexin proteins form hexameric assemblies known as hemichannels. When docked to form gap junction (GJ) channels, hemichannels play a critical role in cell-cell communication and cellular homeostasis, but often are functional entities on their own in unapposed cell membranes. Defects in the Connexin26 (Cx26) gene are the major cause of hereditary deafness arising from dysfunctional hemichannels in the cochlea. Structural studies of Cx26 hemichannels properly trafficked and inserted in plasma membranes, including their clustering that forms a plaque-like feature in whole gap junctions, are limited. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to study the surface topography of Cx26 hemichannels using two different membrane preparations. Rat Cx26 containing appended carboxy terminal V5 and hexahistidine tags were expressed in baculovirus/Sf9 cell systems. The expressed Cx26 proteins form hemichannels in situ in Sf9 cells that were then purified either as (1) Sf9 membrane fragments containing Cx26 hemichannels or (2) solubilized hemichannels. The latter were subsequently reconstituted in liposomes. AFM images of purified membrane fragments showed clusters of protein macromolecular structures in the membrane that at higher magnification corresponded to Cx26 hemichannels. Hemichannels reconstituted into DOPC bilayers displayed two populations of channel heights likely resulting from differences in orientations of inserted hemichannels. Hemichannels in the protein rich portions of purified membranes also showed a reduced channel height above the bilayer compared to membranes with reconstituted hemichannels perhaps due to reduced AFM probe access to the lipid bilayer. These preparations of purified membranes enriched for connexin hemichannels that have been properly trafficked and inserted in membranes provide a platform for high-resolution AFM imaging of the structure, interconnexon interactions, and cooperativity of properly trafficked and inserted noncrystalline connexin hemichannels.
Investigation on Welding Arc Interruptions in the Presence of Magnetic Fields: Welding Current Influence (2012)

Arc interruptions and, therefore, oscillation in the amount of energy and molten wire delivered to the plate have been observed during tandem pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW). It appears that these instabilities are related to the magnetic interaction between the arcs. In order to clarify the possible mechanisms involved, this paper tries to mimic the tandem GMAW arc interruptions. External magnetic fields were dynamically applied to GTAW arcs in constant current mode to verify their resistance to extinction as a function of current level and direction of deflection. High-speed filming was carried out as an additional tool to understand the extinction mechanism. The influence of the welding current level on the arc resistance to extinction was established: The higher the welding current, the more the arc resists to the extinction. The arc deflection direction has minor effect, but arcs deflected backward have more resistance to extinction.
Intracellular Retention of the MHC Class I-Related Chain B Ligand of NKG2D by the Human Cytomegalovirus UL16 Glycoprotein (2003)

Infection by human CMV induces expression of the cellular MHC class I-related chain A (MICA) and chain B (MICB) surface proteins, which function as ligands for the activating NKG2D receptor. Engagement of NKG2D triggers NK cells and costimulates Ag-specific effector CD8 alphabeta T cells. The potency of MHC class I-related chain-NKG2D in stimulating these anti-viral immune responses may be countered by a CMV-encoded transmembrane glycoprotein, UL16, which specifically binds MICB as well as two of the UL16-binding proteins that are ligands of NKG2D. However, the function and significance of these interactions are undefined. Using a stably transfected B cell line, we show that expression of UL16 results in loss of surface MICB. This effect is caused by the failure of newly synthesized MICB to mature and transit the secretory pathway due to physical association with UL16. The intracellular retention of these protein complexes is mediated by a tyrosine-based motif in the cytoplasmic tail sequence of UL16, which determines localization to or retrieval from the trans-Golgi network. Deletion of this motif restores surface expression of MICB, whereas UL16 may be redirected to endosomal compartments. Predictably, the retention of MICB abrogates the stimulatory function of NKG2D. These results suggest a potential mechanism of viral immune evasion. However, this activity remains to be confirmed with CMV-infected fibroblasts or endothelial cells, in particular because MICB is normally coexpressed with MICA, which is not retained by UL16.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Imides as Potent and Selective α‐1A Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enantioselective Cyclopropenation of Alkynes with Acceptor/Acceptor-Substituted Diazo Reagents via Co(II)-Based Metalloradical Catalysis (2011)

The cobalt(II) complex of a new D(2)-symmetric chiral porphyrin 3,5-diMes-ChenPhyrin, [Co(P2)], has been shown to be a highly effective chiral metalloradical catalyst for enantioselective cyclopropenation of alkynes with acceptor/acceptor-substituted diazo reagents, such as α-cyanodiazoacetamides and α-cyanodiazoacetates. The [Co(P2)]-mediated metalloradical cyclopropenation is suitable to a wide range of terminal aromatic and related conjugated alkynes with varied steric and electronic properties, providing the corresponding trisubstituted cyclopropenes in high yields with excellent enantiocontrol of the all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. In addition to mild reaction conditions, the Co(II)-based metalloradical catalysis for cyclopropenation features a high degree of functional group tolerance.
Blood amino acid compartmentation in obese rats is specifically altered in the iliac vein. (1994)

Amino acid concentration in blood cells and plasma and the calculated blood cell to plasma gradients (C/P) were measured in different blood vessels (aortic artery and portal, hepatic, iliac and renal veins) from both control and cafeteria diet obese rats. Essential amino acids are increased in plasma in all blood vessels in obese rats. The iliac vein was the only vessel in which cell concentration of amino acids, and mainly the mean of the combined non-essential amino acids, was affected by obesity. Only in the iliac vein were C/P values of the combined amino acids, including both essential and non-essential, significantly lower in obese versus control rats. These results also show that there are differences between sampling sites which should be noted in the design of physiological studies of amino acid metabolism.
Soil vapor extraction and bioventing: Applications, limitations, and future research directions (1995)

Soil vapor extraction (SVE) has evolved over the past decade as an attractive in situ remediation method for unsaturated soils contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). SVE involves the generation of air flow through the pores of the contaminated soil to induce transfer of VOCs to the air stream. Air flow is established by pumping from vadose zone wells through which contaminant vapors are collected and transported above ground where they are treated, if required, and discharged to the atmosphere. The popularity of SVE technologies stems from their proven effectiveness for removing large quantities of VOCs from the soil, their cost competitiveness, and their relatively simple non‐intrusive implementation. Widespread field application of SVE has occurred following the success of early laboratory and field scale feasibility studies [ Texas Research Institute , 1980, 1984; Thornton and Wootan , 1982; Marley and Hoag , 1984; Crow et al ., 1985, 1987]. As many as 18% of Superfund sites employ SVE remediation technologies [ Travis and Macinnis , 1992] and numerous articles and reports have documented the application of SVE [e.g. Hutzler et al ., 1989; Downey and Elliott , 1990; U.S. EPA , 1991; Sanderson et al , 1993; Gerbasi and Menoli , 1994; McCann et al ., 1994;].
Differences in Clinical Trial Patient Attributes and Outcomes According to Enrollment Setting (2009)

Although trial patients with primarily advanced-stage lung cancer from nonacademic centers were older and had worse performance statuses than those from academic centers, survival did not differ by enrollment setting after analysis accounted for patient heterogeneity. An answer for whether long-term outcomes for patients at community and VHA centers affiliated with cooperative trial groups are equivalent to those at academic centers when care is delivered through NCI trials requires additional research among patients with longer survival horizons.
Metallodithiolate ligands as building blocks for molecular constructions (2009)

NiN2S2 moieties have been used as a unique class of ligand in organometallic\nchemistry behaving as innocent mono- and bidentate ligands to metals bound via their\nthiolate sulfur donor atoms. We have established the donor ability of these ligands with\nrespect to conventional ligands, e.g., diphosphines and diimines, by synthesizing a series\nof (NiN2S2)W(CO)4 complexes and using infrared spectroscopy to obtain the ν(CO)\nstretching frequencies as a report of the electron density on the metal. In comparison to\nthe analogous tungsten complexes utilizing traditional ligands, the NiN2S2 ligands were\nfound to be far better donors than the diphosphines as evidenced by significantly lower\nν(CO) values, and much closer to diimine ligands.\nSulfur’s ability to form aggregates is well documented. The metallodithiolate\nligands Ni-1 and Ni-1' have been used resulting in numerous molecular constructions,\nspecifically C3 and C4 paddlewheels of the composition M2Nix. Whereas many\npaddlewheels in the literature employing NiN2S2 ligands were formed largely\nunintended, a synthetic approach was designed utilizing multiply-bonded dimetal units\nof various bond orders. These explorations have extended the range of metal-metal\ndistances accommodated by NiN2S2 units in our library from 2.14 Å to 4.35 Å. The complexes discussed in this dissertation are polymetallic clusters with high\npositive charges associated with them. Electrochemical studies reveal that the redox\nactivity of the NiN2S2 unit can be deconvoluted from the dimetal unit and that sulfur\nmetallation causes the reduction potential of the NiN2S2 ligand (approximately -2.0 V) to\nbecome more positive. With each subsequent reduction, the overall positive charge is\nlessened which causes the corresponding reduction potentials to be more negative.\nSolvent dependent studies suggest a partial dissociation of the NiN2S2 ligand reminiscent\nof the mechanism calculated for Acetyl CoA Synthase. Mixed-ligand species proved\nunstable in any solvent.\nAs rhodium is an intrinsically catalytic metal, investigations were performed to\nobserve if stable complexes could be prepared to serve as models to study industrially\nrelevant processes. The metalloligands Ni-1 and Ni-1' were found to stabilize multiple\noxidation states of rhodium resulting in structural forms such as a heterobimetallic (RhI),\na C4 paddlewheel (RhII), and tetrametallic analog to Rubpy (RhIII).
Effect of oncogene expression on telomerase activation and telomere length in human endothelial, fibroblast and prostate epithelial cells. (1998)

Although strong evidence is mounting that telomerase reactivation and the thereof resulting stabilization of telomeres is a major mechanism for human cells to overcome replicative senescence, a causal relationship linking telomerase activation conclusively to tumorigenesis remains to be established. Thus, the possibility exists that telomerase activation is passively co-selected as tumors develop. To elucidate the function of telomerase during tumorigenesis, we followed telomerase reactivation during immortalization of human primary cell types with in vitro transforming agents and determined the tumorigenic potential of these cells at various stages of transformation. The effects of SV40, v-Ki-ras, HPV-18 and HPV-16 E6/E7 oncoproteins on telomerase expression was examined in primary and immortalized human prostate epithelial (HPE), human prostate fibroblast (HPF), and umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). All of five SV40-transformed HPE and HPF lines were telomerase positive and had shorter telomeres than primary cells. The two HPV-18 immortalized HPE cell lines also expressed telomerase activity. In contrast, E6 or E7 alone could not produce immortalized HUVEC and did not reactivate telomerase. Life-span, however, was extended. The E6/E7 immortalized HUVEC had telomerase activity and short but stable telomeres. HPE, HPF or HUVEC cells which had been transformed by one oncoprotein alone were not tumorigenic although they had overcome cellular senescence and re-activated telomerase. However, if these cells were transformed by a second agent, either infection with v-Ki-ras or X-ray treatment, they were able to form tumors in nude mice. This suggests that tumorigenesis is a multistep process and that telomerase activation alone is not sufficient for malignant transformation in human cells.
Interaction-induced localization of self-defocusing discrete solitons (2007)

Tilted beams, propagating in the self-defocusing regime of a waveguide array, away from a soliton, are shown to refocus due to the nonlinear interaction, emerging in intermediate sites as function of the relative phase.
Advances in Lasers and Electro Optics (2010)

Lasers and electro-optics is a field of research leading to constant breakthroughs. Indeed, tremendous advances have occurred in optical components and systems since the invention of laser in the late 50s, with applications in almost every imaginable field of science including control, astronomy, medicine, communications, measurements, etc. If we focus on lasers, for example, we find applications in quite different areas. We find lasers, for instance, in industry, emitting power level of several tens of kilowatts for welding and cutting; in medical applications, emitting power levels from few milliwatt to tens of Watt for various types of surgeries; and in optical fibre telecommunication systems, emitting power levels of the order of one milliwatt. This book is divided in four sections. The book presents several physical effects and properties of materials used in lasers and electro-optics in the first chapter and, in the three remaining chapters, applications of lasers and electro-optics in three different areas are presented