gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Construction and reconstruction of memories. (1988)

1. Recent evidence suggests that treatments given after training may influence memory in two ways: by becoming themselves incorporated to the experience, or by altering post-training mechanisms involved in the storage of the experience. The two processes may be called consolidation. 2. Some endogenous substances that are normally released during or after training (brain beta-endorphin; the peripheral stress hormones, ACTH, epinephrine and vasopressin) appear to be of particular importance. Their effect may become incorporated to the experiences as a conditioned stimulus (CS), generating state dependency. The effect of beta-endorphin appears to be physiological, since the substance is released by novel experiences. 3. Post-event information provided by other training experiences, in rats, or by comments or leading words, in humans, may also incorporate to the experiences, altering their content qualitatively or quantitatively. 4. A variety of substances including the stress hormones at low doses and analeptic drugs may facilitate retention when given after training. In this case, the effect is best explained by an enhancement of the post-training strengthening of memory traces. 5. The reiteration of part of the experiences at the time of testing facilitates retrieval. This may be viewed as a reconstruction of consolidation at the time of retrieval, and may be obtained using cognitive material ("priming"), or neurohumoral stimuli (a beta-endorphin injection, or a presumable release of brain beta-endorphin by an interpolated novel experience). The effect can be seen in animals rendered amnestic by electroconvulsive shock, and in humans with amnesia of organic and non-organic nature. 6. The human amnesic syndrome seems, thus, largely explainable by a deficit of retrieval. It is possible that the stimulation of retrieval by priming, or by drugs, through the "reconstruction" of consolidation, may be useful for the relief or treatment of the human amnesic syndrome.
Metal Oxide Materials and Decontamination Methodology (1991)

The fucus of this ARO contract was the investigation of metal oxide materials, and in particular d0 transition metal oxide clusters (polyoxometalates), as catalysis for the decontamination of chemical warfare (cw) agents and model compounds of these agents. Secondary goals dealt with delineation of the unusual reactivities exhibited by some polyoxometalate excited states and their abilities to alter unactivated CH bonds in unusual if not unprecedented ways.
<title>Matrix approach to frame analysis of Gabor-type image representation</title> (1993)

An approach for characterizing the properties of basis functions which constitute a finite scheme of discrete Gabor representation is presented in the context of oversampling. The approach is based on the concept of frames and utilizes the Piecewise Finite Zak Transform (PFZT). The frame operator associated with the Gabor-type frame is examined by representing the frame operator as a matrix-valued function in the PFZT domain. The frame property of the Gabor representation functions are examined in relation to the properties of the matrix-valued function. The frame bounds are calculated by means of the eigenvalues of the matrix-valued function, and the dual frame, which is used in calculation of the expansion coefficients, is expressed by means of the inverse matrix. DFT-based algorithms for computation of the expansion coefficients, and for the reconstruction of signals from these coefficients are generalized for the case of oversampling of the Gabor space.
Unusual eruption of cutaneous metastases from occult gastric carcinoma shortly after HIV-1 infection. (1993)

We report a case of eruptive metastases to the skin of the face and neck from a hitherto unknown gastric carcinoma, occurring in a fifty-two-year-old man (a regular blood donor), about six months after he contracted human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection. The eruption, consisting of more than thirty pea-sized cutaneous nodules appeared within about twenty days. The patient complained of epigastric pain and weight loss. Histologic examination showed signet-ring cells of gastric carcinoma metastases. Gastroscopic examination showed a widely infiltrating tumor. No metastases were found elsewhere after a careful screening. Immunologic variables were only slightly altered. This case and a brief review suggest that gastric carcinomas, possibly as well as other coincidental tumors, may present atypically during human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.
z --E so (2003)

FIG. 19 Relationship between number of alkyl chains and surface tension (y erne) of the telomers with Pn 10-11. pH 2, 25°C. e: xR12-2VPQ with Pn II, 0 : xR12-4VPQ with Pn 10. (From Ref. 52 with permission of Japan Oil Chemists' Society.)Pn 10. The surface tensions attain 33-35 mN m-1 for xR12-2VPQ with x = 3.2-9.5 and 37mNm-1 for xR12-4VPQ with x = 3.2. However, upon increasing the dodecyl chains, lowering the surface tension of xR12-4VPQ is less effective than that of xR12-2VPQ. It is clear that xR12-2VPQ orients densely at the air-water interface and shows great surface activities, because the chains of xR12-2VPQ orient in the nearly same direction to the skeletal hydrocarbon chains and the orientations are effective, while those in xR124VPQ orient reversely. The surface tensions are influenced by the polymerization degree of the telomers. The Ycmcs of 1.9-4.5R1r2VPQ with Pn 20 and 2.9-13.7R12-4VPQ with Pn 19 are 44-48 and 54--59mNm-1, respectively. xR12-2VPQ with Pn 20 shows higher efficiencies in lowering the surface tension than xR1r4VPQ Pn 19, while these telomers with Pn 19-20 are less effective than those with Pn 10-ll. The surface tensions of polysoaps of the quaternized 2-vinylpyridine with Pn 560 are 57 mN m-1 at a concentration of0.5% and 52mNm-1 at a concentration of 1% [55,56]. The telomers with Pn about 20 show less effective surface activities due to the bending of the skeletal hydrocarbon chains, like polysoaps. On the other hand, the telomers with Pn about 5 show excellent surface activities. They are also influenced by the alkyl chain length of the telomers. Table 2 shows the values of the CMC and the Ycmc of xR12-2VPQ with Pn 4--6 in aqueous solutions at pH 2. In the case of an alkyl chain length of 12, upon increasing the dodecyl chains, the telomers reduce the surface tension and the CMCs shift to lowerconcentration. In particular, the CMC of 3.4R12-2VPQ is 1/760th of that of N-dodecylpyridinium [42], a conventional cationic surfactant. The telomers having 2-3 octyl or dodecyl chains orient by both one terminal alkyl chain and introduced alkyl chains, giving large occupied areas, and those having 34 octyl or dodecyl chains orient densely by the introduced alkyl chains due to the interactions between their chains, giving small ones.
Scattering from truncated cylinders with a mixed 2-D/3-D domain decomposition scheme (2012)

We present a spectral approach to effectively estimate radiation losses from 2-D slab photonic crystals. The method is based on a plane wave decomposition of the incident propagating mode inside the slab and the construction of a self-consistent Kirchhoff equivalent source (on the slab surface) which accounts for the actual radiation modes excited in the crystal. The proposed modelling strategy is combined with a domain decomposition method, viz, linear embedding via Green's operators.
Multiplexed extremely short distributed Bragg reflector fiber laser array for large-scale sensing applications (2010)

We report the fabrication of extremely short linear-cavity distributed Bragg reflector fiber lasers (DBR-FLs). It has a total length of 7 mm, with the nominal cavity of only 0.4 mm. The FL has a linewidth and polarization beat frequency of 220 Hz and 18.9 MHz, respectively. The relaxation oscillation frequency and its relative peak are 120 kHz and -75dB/Hz, respectively. The FL exhibited low-noise characteristics, with an intensity noise of -107 dB/Hz at 1 MHz. We constructed a FL sensor array that has great potentials for large-scale, high sensitivity sensing applications.
Advances in Motor Protection for Small Hermetic Refrigerant Compressors (1966)

For hermetic air conditioning compressors, the use of inline internal motor protection makes it possible to directly protect the motor in its true operating environment. For this reason the use of the internal line-break motor protector in single-phase air conditioning compressors is becoming popular. Ambient air temperatures, voltage variations, and the strong influence of the surrounding refrigerant combine to set the duty requirements of the protector. Important factors in selecting, locating, and testing these protection devices for proper operational and reliability standards are described.
PHOTOASSOCIATION OF ULTRACOLD ATOMS: A NEW TOOL FOR MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY (1998)

The field of laser cooling and trapping of atoms has had a profound impact on many areas of atomic, molecular and optical science. In particular, ultracold atoms colliding in magneto-optical traps typically have relative kinetic energies of $300\\mu K (\\sim 7 MHz)$, so free-bound absorption lines are as sharp as bound-bound lines. Moreover, because of very long range centrifugal barriers, only a few collisional partial waves are important ($J^{\\prime\\prime} = 0, 1$ and 2 in our work on $^{39}K$). Such photoassociative free-bound absorption allows observation of ``pure long-range molecule'' states ($R_{e} = 28$ and 39 {\\AA} in $^{39}K_{2}$) as well as long-range levels of known short range states with outer classical turning points of $\\sim 20 - 250 {\\AA}$. Such spectra have been observed by ``trap loss'' (decrease in atomic fluorescence), molecular ionization, and fragment ionization. Optical-optical double resonance (OODR), e.g. through the ``Franck-Condon windows'' of the ``pure long-range'' states, produces readily assignable spectra at higher asymptotes as well. Further extensions of ultracold photoassociative spectroscopy and applications to determination of long range potentials, atomic properties, and Bose-Einstein condensate stability will be presented.
[Facial telethermography in the diagnosis of carotid insufficiency in the extracranial sector]. (1979)

The usefulness of facial telethermography in the diagnosis of circulatory insufficiency owing to occlusion of the extracranial vessels is discussed. The method has proved of great assistance in the screening of patients with vascular diseases, and in the choice of a subsequent contrastographic examination. It gave a significant number of positive findings in cases of insufficiency of the internal carotid artery. The number of false positives and false negatives was virtually negligible.
Characteristic Absorbance of Nucleic Acids in the Mid-IR Region as Possible Common Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Malignancy (2004)

FTIR spectroscopy has been extensively used to understand the differences between normal and malignant cells and tissues. In the present study, FTIR microspectroscopy was performed on biopsies to evaluate parameters deduced from changes in nucleic acid absorbance monitored at various characteristic wavenumbers in the Mid-IR region. The data showed that there were differences in the spectra of normal and malignant tissues from several organs such as colon, cervix, skin and blood with respect to absorbance due to nucleic acids. Similar results were observed in the case of cell lines that were transformed to induce carcinogenesis. Of the several ratios examined for consistency in differentiating cancer and normal tissues, the I(996 cm(-1))/I(966 cm(-1)) showed promise as a distinguishing parameter and was comparable to the I(1121 cm(-1))/I(1020 cm(-1)) ratio reported in many earlier studies. The absorbance of nucleic acids is presented with an emphasis on the application of FTIR microspectroscopy for diagnosis of malignancy. Our results indicate that usage of nucleic acid absorbance yield statistically significant parameters, which could differentiate normal and cancerous tissues.
Testing the Gaussianity of the Human EEG During Anesthesia (1992)

The Gaussian properties of human EEGs, which were measured over various stages of general anesthesia, were tested. The basis of the method was to describe the EEG signals by autoregressive models and to test the normality of the regression residuals with the Shapiro-Wilk statistic. The results show that in general the human EEG during anesthesia can be considered as a realization of a Gaussian stochastic process.
ChemInform Abstract: VERESTERUNG STERISCH GEHINDERTER CARBONSAEUREN, ALKYLIERUNG VON CARBOXYLATEN (1973)

Abstract Sterisch gehinderte Carbonsäuren (Ia)‐(Va) können unter alkalischen Bedingungen über ihre Salze in Hexamethylphosphortriamid mit Alkylhalogeniden in die Ester (Ib)‐(Vb) übergeführt werden.
Reversible hepatofugal portal flow after liver transplantation using a small-for-size graft from a living donor (2001)

We describe a case of reversible hepatofugal portal flow 1 week after transplantation of a small-for-size liver graft from a living donor. A transient increase in intrahepatic portal vascular resistance was the suspected cause. The portal venous flow normalized after residual collateral channels had been interrupted surgically. The patient was discharged on the 90th postoperative day. Liver transplant clinicians should be aware that hepatofugal flow can occur with small-for-size liver grafts, despite sufficient portal venous flow immediately after transplantation.
<title>History and analysis of FPDs for the automobile</title> (2000)

A brief history of the Delphi Delco Electronics Systems automotive application of Flat Panel Display (FPD) technology is reviewed. Additionally, a formal evaluation system has been developed to compare various direct-view high information content (min 1/4 VGA) Flat Panel Display technologies for automotive applications. A visual representation of selected technologies is facilitated by a 'spider-chart' graphing technique. Attributes include optical performance, temperature performance and stability, display life, technology maturity, and cost.
Low Molecular-Weight Curdlan, (1→3)-β-Glucan Suppresses TLR2-Induced RANKL-Dependent Bone Resorption (2018)

Fungal β-glucan is a potent immunological stimulator, and that it activates both the innate immune system and adaptive immunity. Curdlan is (1→3)-β-glucan, a linear form of β-glucan with a high molecular weight; it modulates the immune response. However, its role in bone tissue is controversial, and the effects of curdlan on bone tissues are unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in innate immunity, and various ligands for TLRs are thought to regulate the host defense mechanisms against pathogens. TLR2 is known to form heterodimers with TLR6, and the TLR2-TLR6 heterodimer (TLR2/6) recognizes diacylated lipopeptides from Gram-positive bacteria. In the present study, we prepared low molecular-weight curdlan, (1→3)-β-D-glucan, and examined its effects on bone resorption induced by TLR2/6 signaling. In co-cultures of bone marrow cells and osteoblasts, low molecular-weight curdlan suppressed the osteoclast formation induced by TLR2/6 ligand, and attenuated bone resorption in mouse calvarial organ cultures. Curdlan acted on mouse osteoblasts and suppressed the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL), a key molecule for osteoclastogenesis. Curdlan also acted on mouse bone marrow macrophages and suppressed RANKL-dependent osteoclast differentiation from osteoclast precursor cells. The present study indicates that low molecular-weight curdlan attenuated TLR2-induced inflammatory bone resorption. Curdlan, (1→3)-β-glucan may be a natural agent with beneficial effects on bone health in humans.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOBENZOIC ACID DIURETICS PART 6, 4-SUBSTITUTED 3-ALKYLTHIO-5-SULFAMOYLBENZOIC AND 5-SULFAMOYLTHIOSALICYLIC ACIDS (1974)

Abstract Das Sulfonylchlorid (I) liefert ein Sulfinat (II), das zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III) umgesetzt wird.
[Possibilities of using hemoperfusion in the treatment of chronic kidney insufficiency]. (1979)

A survey of the administration possibilities of the activated charcoal haemoperfusion in the treatment of the chronic renal insufficiency is given. Various coating methods for activated charcoal as well as important adsorption abilities of the activated charcoal for uraemia-specific metabolites are described in detail. Then comes a classification of the haemoperfusion in the treatment of ureamia. The result is that at present the use of haemoperfusion with activated charcoal in the therapy of uraemia may be regarded only as a supplementary therapy of the haemodialysis and the haemofiltration, respectively.
A Randomized, Controlled Phase II Trial in Sickle Cell Disease Patients with Chronic Iron Overload Demonstrates That the Once-Daily Oral Iron Chelator Deferasirox (Exjade®, ICL670) Is Well Tolerated and Reduces Iron Burden. (2005)

Abstract Repeated blood transfusion to prevent complications places patients with sickle cell disease at risk for morbidity from chronic iron overload. Parenteral chelation with deferoxamine (DFO) is effective at reducing iron overload but patient compliance is generally poor. Deferasirox (DSX) is an investigational iron chelator given orally once-daily. Demonstration of the safety and tolerability of DSX over a 1-year period was the primary objective and efficacy was a secondary objective of the study. Adult and pediatric patients (n=195; n=98 aged &lt;16) were randomized 2:1 to receive treatment with DSX (n=132) or DFO (n=63). Dosing of DSX from 5 to 30 mg/kg/day and DFO from 20 to 60 mg/kg/day was based upon baseline liver iron concentration (LIC) as determined by liver susceptometry using a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Initial DSX doses &lt;20 mg/kg were increased midway through the trial based upon emerging data from other DSX trials. Safety assessments included hematology, chemistry, eye exams, hearing tests and ECGs. Efficacy was measured by LIC, change in serum ferritin, and iron balance. Discontinuations were similar in the DSX and DFO groups (11.4 vs 11.1%). The mean ± SD doses of DSX and DFO given were 17.3 ± 6.0 and 36.0 ± 11.4 mg/kg, and transfusional iron intake was 0.21 ± 0.13 and 0.23 ± 0.12 mg/kg/day, respectively. The most common adverse events associated with DSX were generally mild and consisted of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain and skin rash. Mild non-progressive increases in serum creatinine greater than 33% of baseline and above the upper limit of normal were observed in three patients receiving DSX. One patient on DSX developed an elevated ALT most likely related to drug administration that resolved with its discontinuation. Median mg/kg/day Parameter n Mean ± SD n Mean ± SD DSX DFO DSX DFO LIC change (mg Fe/g dw) 113 −1.3 ± 3.1 54 −0.7 ± 2.6 16.7 32.7 Ferritin change (μg/L) 83 −183 ± 1651 33 −558 ± 951 Ratio iron excretion/intake 105 1.14 ± 0.60 52 1.20 ± 0.78 With both DSX and DFO there was a statistically significant reduction in LIC from baseline (P&lt;0.0001 for DSX, P=0.022 for DFO). Efficacy of DSX and DFO was similar after 1 year of therapy. A dose-effect relationship was observed: patients assigned to receive DSX 30 mg/kg and DFO ≥ 50 mg/kg had an absolute change in serum ferritin of −1196 ± 2674 (n=10) and −936 ± 1115 μ g/L (n=7), respectively. Although serum ferritin varied during the trial with both treatments, the reduction at end of study was consistent with the effect on LIC. The ratio of iron excretion to iron intake of &gt;1 also indicates that DSX was able to induce negative body iron balance. Once-daily oral DSX is well tolerated and appears to have similar efficacy to DFO in reducing iron burden in transfused patients with sickle cell disease.
<scp>FBXW</scp>7 deletion contributes to lung tumor development and confers resistance to gefitinib therapy (2018)

Gefitinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), is an effective treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR activating mutations, but inevitably, the clinical efficacy is impeded by the emergence of acquired resistance. The tumor suppressor gene FBXW7 modulates chemosensitivity in various human cancers. However, its role in EGFR-TKI therapy in NSCLC has not been well studied. Here, we demonstrate that the mice with deficient Fbxw7 have greater susceptibility to urethane-induced lung tumor development. Through analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data, we show that deletion of FBXW7 occurs in 30.9% of lung adenocarcinomas and 63.5% of lung squamous cell carcinomas, which significantly leads to decrease in FBXW7 mRNA expression. The reduction in FBXW7 mRNA level is associated with poor overall survival in lung cancer patients. FBXW7 knockdown dramatically promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and invasion in NSCLC cells. Moreover, with silenced FBXW7, EGFR-TKI-sensitive cells become resistant to gefitinib, which is reversed by the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, rapamycin. Furthermore, xenograft mouse model studies show that FBXW7 knockdown enhances tumorigenesis and resistance to gefitinib. Combination of gefitinib with rapamycin treatment suppresses tumor formation of gefitinib-resistant (GR) FBXW7-knockdown cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest that loss of FBXW7 promotes NSCLC progression as well as gefitinib resistance and combination of gefitinib and rapamycin may provide an effective therapy for GR NSCLC.
New Method to Enhance the ortho-para H2 Conversion by using Dynamical Quantum Filtering Effect and Steric Effect. (2002)

We introduce a new method to enhance the orthohydrogen-parahydrogen (o-p H2) conversion yield /rate of a H2 interacting with a solid surface. This method consists of two steps. The first step involves the dynamical quantum filtering (DQF) process, and the second step relies on the steric effect on o-p H2 conversion. The purpose of the DQF process is to align the rotation of free rotating o-H2 such that we have only H2 in helicopter-like rotational states or H2 in cartwheel-like rotational states. In the second process, we bring these aligned o-H2 close to a catalyst surface (e.g., metal oxide surface). Based on the steric effect, o-H2 that has a cartwheel-like rotation will be converted to p-H2 with high rate.
Host Restriction of Influenza Virus Polymerase Activity by PB2 627E Is Diminished on Short Viral Templates in a Nucleoprotein-Independent Manner (2013)

Most avian influenza viruses do not replicate efficiently in human cells. This is partly due to the low activity of the RNA polymerase of avian influenza viruses in mammalian cells. Nevertheless, this impediment can be overcome through an E→K adaptive mutation at residue 627 of the PB2 subunit of the polymerase. Accordingly, viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) reconstitution assays show that a viral polymerase containing PB2 627E has impaired activity in mammalian cells compared to a viral polymerase that contains PB2 627K, characteristic of mammalian-adapted influenza viruses. In contrast, purified viral polymerases containing either PB2 627E or PB2 627K show comparable levels of activity in transcription assays that require no RNP assembly. We sought to reconcile these conflicting observations by using an NP-independent cell-based transcription/replication assay to assess viral polymerase activity. We found that PB2 627E polymerase restriction in mammalian cells is independent of NP expression but is dependent on the length of the viral RNA template. In addition, restriction of PB2 627E polymerase was overcome by mutations specific to the viral RNA template promoter sequence. Consequently, we propose that PB2 627E affects recruitment of the viral RNA promoter by the viral polymerase in mammalian cells.