gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Stability as a Function of Chemical Structure. (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermal Stability as a Function of Chemical Structure.E.S. Blake, W.C. Hammann, James W. Edwards, T.E. Reichard, and M. R. OrtCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1961, 6, 1, 87–98Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://doi.org/10.1021/je60009a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views958Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Analysis of geometrical distortion and statistical variance in length, area, and volume in a linearly scanned 3-D ultrasound image (2000)

A linearly scanned three-dimensional (3-D) ultrasound imaging system is considered. The transducer array is initially oriented along the x axis and aimed in the y direction. After being tilted by an angle theta about the x axis, and then swiveled by an angle phi about the y axis, it is translated in the z direction, in steps of size d, to acquire a series of parallel two-dimendional (2-D) images. From these, the 3-D image is reconstructed, using the nominal values of the parameters (phi, theta, d). Thus, any systematic or random errors in these, relative to their actual values (phi0, theta0, d0), will respectively cause distortions or variances in length, area, and volume in the reconstructed 3-D image, relative to the 3-D object. Here, we analyze these effects. Compact linear approximations are derived for the relative distortions as functions of the parameter errors, and hence, for the relative variances as functions of the parameter variances. Also, exact matrix formulas for the relative distortions are derived for arbitrary values of (phi, theta, d) and (phi0, theta0, d0). These were numerically compared to the linear approximations and to measurements from simulated 3-D images of a cubical object and real 3-D images of a wire phantom. In every case tested, the theory was confirmed within experimental error (0.5%).
Angiopoietin-1 Guides Directional Angiogenesis Through Integrin α <sub>v</sub> β <sub>5</sub> Signaling for Recovery of Ischemic Retinopathy (2013)

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) are ischemic retinal diseases caused by insufficient vascular network formation and vascular regression in addition to aberrant angiogenesis. We examined the role of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) in retinal vascular network formation during postnatal development using Ang1 gain- and loss-of-function mouse models, and tested the effects of intraocular administration of Ang1 in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model that mimics cardinal features of ROP and PDR. We observed that Ang1 plays a substantial role in the formation of the retinal vascular network during postnatal development and that Ang1 supplementation can rescue vascular retinopathies by simultaneously promoting healthy vascular network formation and inhibiting subsequent abnormal angiogenesis, vascular leakage, and neuronal dysfunction in the retinas of the OIR model. We attribute these Ang1-induced effects to a dual signaling pathway-Tie2 signaling in the vascular region and integrin αvβ5 signaling in the astrocytes. The activation of integrin αvβ5 signaling promoted fibronectin accumulation and radial distribution along the sprouting endothelial cells, which consequently stimulated guided angiogenesis in the retina. These findings shed light on the role of Ang1 in the recovery of ischemic retinopathies such as ROP, PDR, and retinal vascular occlusive disease.
Conversion of immunity to suppression by in vivo administration of I-A subregion-specific antibodies. (1982)

The in vivo administration of antibodies specific for gene products of the I-A subregion represents an immunologically specific approach to the manipulation of Ly-1+ T cell responses to antigen. This has been demonstrated previously by the capacity of anti-I-A antibody treatment to abrogate T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to syngeneic tumor antigen, hapten, and non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens. Evidence obtained in these studies suggested that the primary action of antibody was related to its ability to interfere with macrophage-T cell interactions during antigen presentation, consistent with the demonstration that similar antibodies inhibit T cell binding to antigen-pulsed macrophages in vitro. Results presented in this report provide evidence for an additional consequence of in vivo antibody administration that may be secondary to any direct effects on I-A-restricted antigen presentation. Thus, animals treated with I-A subregion-specific antibodies also develop a population of antigen-specific suppressor T cells (Ts) capable of inhibiting recipient Ly-1+ T cell responses to tumor antigen. The induction of suppression appeared to be an essential component of the total biological activity of these antibodies, because elimination of Ts precursors by cyclophosphamide also abrogated the antibody-mediated inhibition of DTH responsiveness. These results are discussed with respect to the possible mechanisms of Ts activation by anti-I-A antibody administration, and the general applicability of this approach as a means of clinical immunotherapy to limit inappropriate T cell responses in human disease.
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic extracardiac neurons to transduce myocardial ischemia (2009)

Populations of intrathoracic extracardiac neurons transduce myocardial ischemia, thereby contributing to sympathetic control of regional cardiac indices during such pathology. Our objective was to determine whether electrical neuromodulation using spinal cord stimulation (SCS) modulates such local reflex control. Methods In 10 anesthetized canines, middle cervical ganglion neurons were identified that transduce the ventricular milieu. Their capacity to transduce a global (rapid ventricular pacing) versus regional (transient regional ischemia) ventricular stress was tested before and after SCS (50 Hz, 0.2 msec duration at 90% motor threshold) applied to the dorsal, cranial thoracic spinal cord. Rapid ventricular pacing and transient myocardial ischemia both activated cardiac related middle cervical ganglion neurons. SCS obtunded their capacity to reflexly respond to the regional ventricular ischemia, but not rapid ventricular pacing. Conclusions Spinal cord inputs to the intrathoracic extracardiac nervous system obtund the latter's capacity to transduce regional ventricular ischemia, but not global cardiac stress. Given the substantial body of literature indicating the adverse consequences of excessive adrenergic neuronal excitation on cardiac function, these data delineate the intrathoracic extracardiac nervous system as a potential target for neuromodulation therapy in minimizing such effects. (Supported by HL71830)
Prefrontal and amygdala volumes are related to adolescents' affective behaviors during parent–adolescent interactions (2008)

Adolescence is a key period for the development of brain circuits underlying affective and behavioral regulation. It remains unclear, however, whether and how adolescent brain structure influences day-to-day affective behavior. Because of significant changes in the nature of family relations that also typically occur during adolescence, parent-child interactions provide a meaningful context where affective behavior and its regulation may be assessed. In a sample of 137 early adolescents, we investigated the relationship between aspects of the adolescents' brain structure and their affective behavior as assessed during observation of parent-child interactions. We found a significant positive association between volume of the amygdala and the duration of adolescent aggressive behavior during these interactions. We also found male-specific associations between the volume of prefrontal structures and affective behavior, with decreased leftward anterior paralimbic cortex volume asymmetry associated with increased duration of aggressive behavior, and decreased leftward orbitofrontal cortex volume asymmetry associated with increased reciprocity of dysphoric behavior. These findings suggest that adolescent brain structure is associated with affective behavior and its regulation in the context of family interactions, and that there may be gender differences in the neural mechanisms underlying affective and behavioral regulation during early adolescence. Particularly as adolescence marks a period of rapid brain maturation, our findings have implications for mental health outcomes that may be revealed later along the developmental trajectory.
Computational modelling of the enantioselectivity in the asymmetric 1,4-addition reaction catalyzed by a Rh complex of a S-chiral disulfoxide (2014)

Computational chemistry is a powerful tool for understanding chiral catalysis and can also aid future catalyst design.
Tall building with steel plate shear walls subject to load reversal (2011)

SUMMARY This paper presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of research on thin unstiffened steel plate shear walls including recent research advances, in addition to a case study building that used them as the primary lateral‐force‐resisting system. Thin unstiffened steel plate shear walls are becoming an attractive alternative to traditional lateral‐force‐resistance systems because they exhibit desirable structural properties. A properly designed steel plate shear wall will have considerable energy dissipation capacity, ductility, initial stiffness and ultimate strength. Furthermore, the said walls are efficient in terms of cost and space due to their light weight, ease of construction and small footprint. The case study building is a 55‐story high‐rise system that took advantage of these properties. Details are presented regarding the design process and tools that were used to ensure a safe and efficient structure. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
D053 Relaxation of Residual Stress in Shot Peened Ti-6A1-4V Due to Fretting Fatigue (2003)

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Crystallographic identification of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Sr<sup>2+</sup> coordination sites in synaptotagmin I C<sub>2</sub>B domain (2004)

Synaptotagmin I has two tandem Ca(2+)-binding C(2) domains, which are essential for fast synchronous synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. We have solved four crystal structures of the C(2)B domain, one of them in the cation-free form at 1.50 A resolution, two in the Ca(2+)-bound form at 1.04 A (two bound Ca(2+) ions) and 1.65 A (three bound Ca(2+) ions) resolution and one in the Sr(2+)-bound form at 1.18 A (one bound Sr(2+) ion) resolution. The side chains of four highly conserved aspartic acids (D303, D309, D363, and D365) and two main chain oxygens (M302:O and Y364:O), together with water molecules, are in direct contact with two bound Ca(2+) ions (sites 1 and 2). At higher Ca(2+) concentrations, the side chain of N333 rotates and cooperates with D309 to generate a third Ca(2+) coordination site (site 3). Divalent cation binding sites 1 and 2 in the C(2)B domain were previously identified from NMR NOE patterns and titration studies, supplemented by site-directed mutation analysis. One difference between the crystal and NMR studies involves D371, which is not involved in coordination with any of the identified Ca(2+) sites in the crystal structures, while it is coordinated to Ca(2+) in site 2 in the NMR structure. In the presence of Sr(2+), which is also capable of triggering exocytosis, but with lower efficiency, only one cation binding site (site 1) was occupied in the crystallographic structure.
Pulmonary manifestations of multicentric Castleman's disease in HIV infection: a clinical, biological and radiological study (2005)

The aim of the present study was to report clinical, radiological and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) findings in patients with pulmonary manifestations of HIV-associated multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD). This was a retrospective study of 12 patients with histologically proven MCD. Clinical manifestations were as follows: dyspnoea (nine out of 12 cases), cough (n = 10), bilateral crackles (n = 10), together with high fever, malaise, peripheral lymphadenopathy (n = 12), and hepatosplenomegaly (n = 10). Two patients developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. Chest radiographs and computed tomography scans showed reticular (n = 7) and/or nodular (n = 7) interstitial patterns, with mediastinal lymphadenopathy (n = 9), and bilateral pleural effusion (n = 3). Fibreoptic endoscopy was normal in all cases. BAL analysis showed hypercellularity (n = 6) and/or lymphocytosis (n = 6), and human herpesvirus-8 DNA was detected in two out of two cases. Specific stains and cultures for pathogens were negative. All patients received etoposide and/or vinblastine, and improved after 2-4 days. Relapses were frequent (50 attacks in 12 patients). Six patients developed a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and five died. In conclusion, the pulmonary manifestation of HIV-related multicentric Castleman's disease is an acute reticulo-nodular interstitial pneumonitis, associated with severe systemic symptoms and peripheral lymphadenopathy. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, cellularity is not specific and human herpesvirus-8 DNA is detected. The clinical course is specific due to a rapid onset and regression, frequent relapses and a high occurrence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Automatic liquid helium transfer system (1982)

A simple system is described for automatic control of the liquid helium transferred to cool down a cryostat when using hydrogen exchange gas. The system not only frees personnel from tending to this (typically) 4 h task, but makes it impossible to collect liquid in the Dewar until the apparatus is sufficiently cold.
A Novel Method for Long-term Respiratory Support (1989)

The authors designed a new extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) method using a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) system and a membrane oxygenator (MO). An air-driven diaphragm type RVAD was implanted between the right atrium and the pulmonary artery in five goats, and an MO was set on the outlet conduit of the RVAD 2 weeks postoperatively. The MOs used in this study are silicon sheet MOs and'prototype MOs using a novel multilayered composite membrane. Respiratory support with this system, under systemic heparinization, could be conducted for 4–8 days without major problems. This method solved several difficulties with ECMO, such as surgical bleeding, serum leakage, destruction of the blood components from the pump system, inadequate bypass flow, and fatal systemic thrombosis. This method is suitable for long-term respiratory support, especially as a bridge before lung or heart-lung transplantation.
Distinct CD4<sup>+</sup>-T-Cell Responses to Live and Heat-Inactivated<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>Conidia (2005)

Aspergillus fumigatus is an important fungal pathogen that causes invasive pulmonary disease in immunocompromised hosts. Respiratory exposure to A. fumigatus spores also causes allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, a Th2 CD4+-T-cell-mediated disease that accompanies asthma. The microbial factors that influence the differentiation of A. fumigatus-specific CD4+ T lymphocytes into Th1 versus Th2 cells remain incompletely defined. We therefore examined CD4+-T-cell responses of immunologically intact mice to intratracheal challenge with live or heat-inactivated A. fumigatus spores. Live but not heat-inactivated fungal spores resulted in recruitment of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing, fungus-specific CD4+ T cells to lung airways, achieving A. fumigatus-specific frequencies exceeding 5% of total CD4+ T cells. While heat-inactivated spores did not induce detectable levels of IFN-gamma-producing, A. fumigatus-specific CD4+ T cells in the airways, they did prime CD4+ T-cell responses in draining lymph nodes that produced greater amounts of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-13 than T cells responding to live conidia. While immunization with live fungal spores induced antibody responses, we found a marked decrease in isotype-switched, A. fumigatus-specific antibodies in sera of mice following immunization with heat-inactivated spores. Our studies demonstrate that robust Th1 T-cell and humoral responses are restricted to challenge with fungal spores that have the potential to germinate and cause invasive infection. How the adaptive immune system distinguishes between metabolically active and inactive fungal spores remains an important question.
Policies, guidelines, and recommendations for MR imaging safety and patient management (1991)

Abstract The following are policies, guidelines, and recommendations from the Safety Committee of the Society for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SMRI) concerning various issues related to magnetic resonance (MR) imaging safety and patient management. These policies, guidelines, and recommendations were developed to provide standardized and consistent information for use by health practitioners involved in clinical MR imaging.
[Papillomavirus and cancer]. (1988)

Papillomaviruses are causative agents of benign tumor (papilloma) and are widely distributed in most of animals. The papillomaviruses are small DNA viruses grouped in the papovavirus family. The genomes of all papillomaviruses pce double stranded circular DNA of approximately 8 K. base pairs. Classification of the viruses is presently based on the host range and relatedness of the nucleic acids. In the case of human papillomavirus (HPV), more than 50 types have been isolated. The amount of information about the HPV has grown considerably in the last few years, and at present it has been considered that the specific types of HPV are involved in the development of human genital cancer and the skin cancer developed in the patients with EV (epidermodysplasia verruciformis). The reasons are; i) Epidemiological evidence distinctly indicates that cervical carcinoma and other high-grade lesions of female and male genital tracts derive from a sexually transmitted disease. ii) Many cervical carcinomas, most cell lines derived from the carcinoma and almost all skin tumors of EV patient contain specific types of HPV DNA (genital tumors; HPV-16, 18, 31, 33 and 25, skin tumor of EV patient; HPV-5, 8, 17 and 20). Moreover, genetic information of the viruses can be detected in the cancer cells. iii) Follow-up studies of HPV carriers suggested that HPV-16, 18 have high oncogenic potential. iv) Oncogenic functions (transformation and immortalization) can be detected in the early genetic region of HPV-16 DNA. v) Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) induces tumor in rabbit (and that almost all of these tumors contain CRPV DNA. When rabbits are infected with CRPV, benign papillomas are induced in 100% of the rabbits and the lesion are progressed to skin cancer at the frequency of 40-60%). In human cases, however, the presence of specific types of HPV does not seem to be sufficient to assure the development of benign tumors into carcinomas, since only a part of all such cases progress after latent period of several to several ten years. This emphasizes that other etiological agents or cofactors must be involved.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Diarylated Imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines with a Combinatorial Approach: Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of 1‐Halo‐3‐arylimidazo[1,5‐a]pyridines with Arylmetal Reagents. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Image Processing With Multiaperture Image Dissector (1968)

The multi-aperture image dissector has the ability to give simultaneous information on the brightness of spatially separated points of an optical image, due to the multiplicity of dissecting apertures. Several applications for this multiple readout concept have been proposed and demonstrated. Details of systems for edge detection, tracking and use in photogrammetry, incorporating the multi-aperture image dissector, will be given. Possible motion detection and shape recognition schemes will be outlined. A low light level development of the multi-aperture image dissector will be discussed.
Human dermatophyte‐responsive T‐cell lines recognize cross‐reactive antigens associated with mannose‐rich glycoproteins (1994)

Resistance to dermatophyte infections has been shown to be mediated in part by T lymphocytes. The dermatophyte antigens recognized by human T lymphocytes and their degree of cross-reactivity were analyzed. Dermatophyte-responsive T-cell lines were generated by in vitro sensitization to crude fungal extracts obtained from Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum. Proliferation was measured by incorporation of 3H-thymidine. The human T-cell lines responded to fungal extracts derived from these various dermatophyte species, demonstrating the recognition of cross-reactive antigens by human T cells. However, the T cells were dermatophyte-specific as they did not respond to herpes antigen, nor did herpes-specific T cells derived from the same donors respond to dermatophyte antigens. The mannose-rich glycoprotein fraction (mannan) isolated from T. rubrum was able to induce proliferation of T-cell lines generated by stimulation with various fungal extracts. Furthermore, a T-cell line generated by stimulation with mannan derived from T. rubrum proliferated in response to extracts from various fungal species, indicating that a major cross-reactive dermatophyte T-cell antigen was present in the mannose-rich glycoprotein fraction.
Self-energy feedback and frequency-dependent interactions in the functional renormalization group flow for the two-dimensional Hubbard model (2012)

We study the impact of including self-energy feedback and frequency-dependent interactions on functional renormalization group flows for the two-dimensional Hubbard model on the square lattice at weak to moderate coupling strength. Previous studies using the functional renormalization group had ignored these two ingredients to a large extent, and the question is how much the flows to strong coupling analyzed by this method depend on these approximations. Here we include the imaginary part of the self-energy on the imaginary axis and the frequency dependence of the running interactions on a frequency mesh of 10 frequencies on the Matsubara axis. We find that (i) the critical scales for the flows to strong coupling are shifted downward by a factor that is usually of order 1 but can get larger in specific parameter regions, and (ii) that the leading channel in this flow does not depend strongly on whether self-energies and frequency dependence is included or not. We also discuss the main features of the self-energies developing during the flows.