gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast projector-backprojector pair modeling the asymmetric, spatially varying scatter response function for scatter compensation in SPECT imaging (1993)

Slab derived scatter estimation (SDSE) accurately models the asymmetric, spatially varying scatter response function in uniformly attenuating objects with convex surfaces. This model is implemented in a projector-backprojector that, when combined with iterative reconstruction techniques, provides accurate scatter compensation in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These iterative reconstruction-based scatter compensation techniques have the advantage that they use all detected photons, avoiding the noise amplification occurring with subtraction based schemes. Scatter compensation with iterative reconstruction does not involve the use of arbitrary adjustable parameters. A new fast algorithm for implementing SDSE that reduces computation time by a factor of 16 compared to a direct implementation is presented. Projection data computed with the new algorithm compare well with data from Monte Carlo simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Grazing Encounters on Spiral Galaxies (2001)

We made radio, optical and CO observations of three pairs of spiral galaxies involved in recent, grazing encounters and compared our data with numerical simulations. The tidal structures seen in the galaxy undergoing a prograde, in-plan encounter share a number of key features which are adequately explained by our simulations. It is shown that the objects IC 2163/ NGC 2207, NGC2535/36, and NGC 5394/95 represent distinct stages in the evolution of the type of interactions discussed here.
Accurate determination of structure factor ratios of α quartz (1968)

By the use of the X-ray Pendellösung fringes in α quartz including a single Dauphiné twin, the ratios of the structure factors having the forms of hk, l and hk, \bar l were determined with an accuracy of about a few tenths of one per cent. In the most favourable case, namely, the case of |F10,1|/|F_{10,{\bar 1}}|, the agreement between independent measurements for the same specimen was better than 0.1%. The values of the ratios for the extinction-corrected structure factors |Fcorr| and the structure factors |Fcal| calculated from the proposed structure in recent investigations (Young & Post, Acta Cryst. (1962), 15, 337; Zachariasen & Plettinger, Acta Cryst. (1965), 18, 710) are in accordance with the present ones within the mean deviation of about a few per cent, whereas the ratios for the observed values |Fobs| differ from ours more than ten percent. Some critical remarks on the Pendellösung method of determining structure factors, particularly by means of traverse-type topographs, are put forward.
Longitudinal Control Characteristics of a 1/20-Scale Model of the Convair F-102 Airplane at Transonic Speeds (1954)

The effects of elevator deflections from 0deg to -20deg on the force and moment characteristics of a 1/20-scale model of the Convair F-102 airplane with chordwise fences have been determined a t Mach numbers from 0.6 to 1.1 for angles of attack up to 20deg in the Langley 8-foot transonic tunnel. The configuration exhibited static longitudinal stability throughout the range tested, although a mild pitch-up tendency was indicated a t Mach numbers from 0.85 to 0.95. Elevator pitch effectiveness decreased rapidly between the Mach numbers of 0.9 and 1.0, however, no complete loss or reversal was indicated for all conditions tested. Because of the type of longitudinal control used, trimming the configuration from the zero elevator condition resulted in substantial decreases in lift-curve slope and maximum lift-drag ratio and increases in drag due to lift. The drag at zero lift, drag due to lift, and trim drag were high for this configuration.
Numerical Modeling of the Laser Pulse Propagation Through the Optical Media With Instantaneous and Accumulative Nonlinearities. (1997)

Abstract : We are modeling the propagation of high intensity laser pulses through nonlinear optical materials including interactions of two-photon absorption, excited-state absorption and nonlinear refraction including thermal refraction. We have developed a preliminary code written in C++ applicable to Pentium-based PC's that is currently running and being tested against known results over a large range of input parameters. In particular, this code is being used to model optical limiting devices for sensor protection applications. While agreement is excellent for most nonlinearities at relatively low input energies, at high inputs, where transmittance values can drop to low levels, deviations are observed. It is thought that acoustic effects arising from thermal transients may be responsible. This is currently under investigation. We have recently developed an approximate solution for these photoacoustic nonlinearities that is computationally much faster than our previous code which was so computationally intensive that practical problems were prohibitive. This code is now being tested to verify its range of validity.
Reproducibility of Perfusion Parameters Obtained From Perfusion CT in Lung Tumors (2011)

The absolute values and reproducibility of perfusion parameters in lung tumors are markedly influenced by motion and duration of data acquisition. Permeability, in particular, probably requires data acquisition beyond a single breath-hold. The smallest variability in parameter values was obtained with motion correction and extended acquisition durations.
Equine colostral carbohydrates reduce lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammatory responses in equine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2012)

Colostrum and milk-derived carbohydrates are promising candidates for new concepts in preventive and regenerative medicine.
Changes in REIT Structure and Stock Performance: Evidence from the Monday Stock Anomaly (2005)

It is well documented that REITs in the 1990s experienced significant changes in their structure and attracted greater institutional participation. This article finds that REIT stocks with higher institutional holdings perform better on Monday than REITs with lower institutional holdings during the 1990s, but not in the 1980s. Furthermore, REITs that went public in the 1990s are the ones associated with the shift in the Monday return pattern. Our study supports the claim that the change in REIT structure and the increase in institutional participation in the REIT market in the 1990s make REIT stocks behave more like other equities in the stock market.
Characterization of antilipolytic action of polyamines in isolated rat adipocytes (1989)

The interactions of polyamines with the lipolytic system were studied in isolated rat adipocytes. Spermine, spermidine and putrescine significantly inhibited adenosine deaminase-stimulated lipolysis. An antilipolytic effect of spermine was detectable at a concentration of 0.25 mM (P less than 0.05). At a concentration of 10 mM all three polyamines inhibited the stimulated lipolysis by 50-60% (P less than 0.001). In addition, spermine enhanced the antilipolytic sensitivity of insulin. Spermine (1 mM) decreased the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of insulin from 320 +/- 70 pM to 56 +/- 20 pM (P less than 0.01). The antilipolytic effects and the cyclic-AMP-lowering effects of the polyamines were almost completely prevented in the presence of different phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine and RO 20-1724) and, in addition, polyamines had no effect on lipolysis stimulated by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, indicating that polyamines may inhibit lipolysis by activating the PDE enzyme. This latter suggestion was confirmed by demonstrating that spermine (5 mM) significantly enhanced the low-Km PDE enzyme activity (P less than 0.01). Finally, the amounts of polyamines present in isolated adipocytes were measured, and the estimated cytoplasmic concentrations were 0.02 mM (putrescine), 0.86 mM (spermidine), and 1.0 mM (spermine). It is concluded that polyamines may possibly be involved in the physiological regulation of triacylglycerol mobilization in adipocytes.
Formation of a Supramolecular Gel between α-Cyclodextrin and Free and Adsorbed PEO on the Surface of Colloidal Silica:  Effect of Temperature, Solvent, and Particle Size (2004)

Aqueous solutions of alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) complex spontaneously with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), forming a supramolecular structure known as pseudopolyrotaxane. We have studied the formation of the complex obtained from the threading of alpha-CD onto PEO, both free in solution and adsorbed on colloidal silica. The kinetics of the reaction were studied by gravimetric methods and determined as a function of temperature and solvent composition for the PEO free in solution. PEO was then adsorbed on the surface of colloidal silica particles, and the monomers were displaced by systematically varying the degree of complexation, the concentration of particles, and the molecular weight of the polymer. The effect of the size of the silica particles on the yield of the reaction was also studied. With the adsorbed PEO, the complexation was found to be partial and to take place from the tails of the polymer. The formation of a gel network containing silica at high degrees of complexation was observed. Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering experiments were performed to study the configuration of the polymeric chains and confirmed the partial desorption of the polymer from the surface of the silica upon complexation.
Extraction and Separation of α-lactalbumin and β-Lactoglobulin from Skim Milk by Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration at High Shear Rates: A Feasibility Study (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a two-stage membrane filtration process for extracting and separating α-Lactalbumin (α-La) and β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg), from UHT skim milk, using dynamic filtration. The 1st stage separates casein micelles in retentate from whey proteins in the permeate with rotating 0.2 µm pores ceramic membrane disks. Casein micelles rejection was excellent, while α-La and β-Lg transmissions remained between 80 and 90%. The permeate flux at 40°C ranged from 105 to 40 Lh−1m−2 at a volume reduction ratio of VRR = 4. The 2nd stage consisted of ultrafiltration of the previous permeate with a metal disk rotating at 2000 rpm near a fixed 50 kDa PES membrane, in order to concentrate β-Lg in retentate, while collecting α-La in the permeate. The flux dropped from 270 Lh−1m−2 at VRR = 1, and remained nearly constant at 200 Lh−1m−2 until a VRR of 3.3. α-La transmission increased with VRR to reach 23% at VRR = 3.3, while β-Lg transmission decayed at increasing VRR to 3%, to give a maximum selectivity of 8.
Are Proximity Attacks a Threat to the Security of Split Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits? (2017)

Split manufacturing is a technique that allows manufacturing the transistor-level and lower metal layers of an integrated circuit (IC) at a high-end, untrusted foundry, while manufacturing only the higher metal layers at a smaller, trusted foundry. Using split manufacturing is only viable if the untrusted foundry cannot reverse engineer the higher metal layer connections (and thus the overall IC design) from the lower layers. This paper studies the effectiveness of proximity attack as a key step to reverse engineer a design at the untrusted foundry. We propose and study different proximity attacks based on how a set of candidates are defined for each broken connection. The attacks use both placement and routing information along with factors which capture the router's behavior such as per-layer routing congestion. Our studies are based on designs having millions of nets routed across nine metal layers and significant layer-by-layer wire size variation. Our results show that a common, Hamming distance-based proximity attack seldom achieves a match rate over 5%. But our proposed attack yields a relatively small list of candidates which often contains the correct match. Finally, we propose a procedure to artificially insert routing blockages in a design at a desired split level, without causing any area overhead, in order to trick the router to make proximity-based reverse engineering significantly more challenging.
Synthesis and use of a fluorinated block copolymer as steric stabilizer for the formation of ionic liquid in compressed carbon dioxide emulsions (2005)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformational Study of Acridine Derivatives Related to 1,4‐Dihydropyridines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On Confusions in a Phoneme Recognizer (2007)

In this paper, we analyze the confusions patterns at three places in the hybrid phoneme recognition system. The confusions are analyzed at the pronunciation, the posterior probability, and the phoneme recognizer levels. The confusions show significant structure that is similar at all levels. Some confusions also correlate with human psychoacoustic experiments in white masking noise. These structures imply that not all errors should be counted equally and that some phoneme distinctions are arbitrary. Understanding these confusion patterns can improve the performance of a recognizer by eliminating problematic phoneme distinctions. These principles are applied to a phoneme recognition system and the results show a marked improvement in the phone error rate. Confusion pattern analysis leads to a better way of choosing phoneme sets for recognition.
Value of single-photon emission-computed tomography in acute stroke therapeutic trials. (1993)

The measurement of an ischemic defect using SPECT is a valid assessment of hemispheric stroke severity in the hyperacute setting and may be useful for selecting or stratifying patients in clinical therapeutic trials.
Ca <sup>2+</sup> modulation of volume‐regulated anion channels: evidence for colocalization with store‐operated channels (2001)

Ca2+ regulation of Cl- current induced by cell swelling (I(CI,swell)) in response to hypotonicity was studied in human prostate cancer epithelial cells (LNCaP) by using the patch-clamp technique. Increase of global intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]in) to 1 mM as well as variations of the extracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]out) in the 0 to 10 mM range did not affect time course of the development, maximal amplitude, rectification properties, and kinetics of I(CI,swell). However, the presence of 0.1 mM thapsigargin (TG), an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ pump, resulted in a more than 50% inhibition of ICI,swell. The blockade of plasma membrane store-operated channels (SOCs), activated in the presence of TG, by 2 mM Ni2+ prevented TG-conferred I(CI,swell) inhibition by extracellular Ca2+. In the presence of TG and Ca2+, the cells failed to exhibit regulatory volume decrease. We conclude that interaction between volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) carrying I(CI,swell) and Ca2+ occurs in the microdomains from the inner surface of the membrane that are not accessible to the changes in [Ca2+]in, but can be readily reached by Ca2+ entering the cell via plasma membrane, especially through SOCs. Preferred access of SOC-transported Ca2+ to VRAC suggests colocalization of these channels in the cell membrane.
Inferring relative popularity of internet applications by actively querying DNS caches (2003)

In this work, we propose a novel methodology that can be used to assess the relative popularity for any Internet application based on the data servers it uses. The basic idea is to infer popularity of data servers by periodically "poking" at local Domain Name servers (LDNSs) that service Domain Name System requests from a set of users running Internet applications and determining if LDNSs have cached resource records for the data servers. This approach allows us to measure the relative percentage of pokes that result in a cache hit as a coarse measure of the relative popularity of a particular data server among the users of a given LDNS. In addition, the time-to-live (TTL) of cached DNS resource records can be used to measure the gaps in time when a resource record for a data server is not cached. The cache gaps can be used to infer request interarrivals for more popular data servers.The methodology can be applied to any Internet application that uses distinguished server names and performs DNS lookups on these names as part of application use. The methodology can be used to collect usage information from any LDNS that accepts DNS queries. As example applications of the methodology, we evaluate the relative popularity of selected Web sites and the relative popularity of different Web servers serving content at a given Web site. We also apply the methodology to servers providing multimedia content, data servers for grid computing, and network game servers. We use data gathered from LDNSs of commercial and educational sites as well as Internet Service Providers serving both commercial and home customers.
Isothermal Decomposition of Explosives (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsothermal Decomposition of ExplosivesM. A. Cook and M. Taylor AbeggCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1956, 48, 6, 1090–1095Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50558a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50558a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Long-term generation of human mast cells in serum-free cultures of CD34+ cord blood cells stimulated with stem cell factor and interleukin- 3 (1994)

The generation of murine mast cells is supported by several cytokines, and mast cell lines are frequently established in long-term cultures of normal murine marrow cells. In contrast, growth of human mast cells was initially dependent on coculture with murine fibroblasts. The growth factor produced by murine fibroblasts and required to observe differentiation of human mast cells is attributable in part to stem cell factor (SCF). However, other factors are likely involved. We have previously shown that the combination of SCF and interleukin-3 (IL-3) efficiently sustains proliferation and differentiation of colony-forming cells (CFCs) from pre-CFC enriched from human umbilical cord blood by CD34+ selection. With periodic medium changes and the addition of fresh growth factors, five consecutive cultures of different cord blood samples gave rise to differentiated cells and CFCs for more than 2 months. Although differentiated cells continued to be generated for more than 5 months, CFCs were no longer detectable by day 50 of culture. The cells have the morphology of immature mast cells, are Toluidine blue positive, are karyotypically normal, are CD33+, CD34-, CD45+, c-kit-, and c-fms-, and die in the absence of either SCF or IL-3. These cells do not form colonies in semisolid culture and are propagated in liquid culture stimulated with SCF and IL-3 at a seeding concentration of no less than 10(4) cells/mL. At refeedings, the cultures contain a high number (> 50%) of dead cells and have a doubling time ranging from 5 to 12 days. This suggests that subsets of the cell population die because of a requirement for a growth factor other than SCF or IL-3. These results indicate that the combination of cord blood progenitor and stem cells, plus a cocktail of growth factors including SCF and IL-3, is capable with high efficiency of giving rise in serum-deprived culture to human mast cells that behave like factor-dependent cell lines. These cells may represent a useful tool for studies of human mast cell differentiation and leukemia.
Modelling and animating faces using scanned data (1991)

Abstract This paper extends a physically‐based approach to the realistic modelling and animation of human heads using scanned data. A three‐step procedure is proposed which begins with geometry and colour data acquired from a subject's head using a radial laser scanner, continues with the construction of a 3D model of the head with complete colour texture mapping, and culminates in real‐time, interactive facial animation. First, an adaptive meshing technique is described that creates non‐uniform facial meshes from the densely sampled data. These geometrically accurate facial meshes adapt to features of interest in the data, increasing polygon density over articulate face regions and areas of high curvature. Secondly, the mesh is transformed into a physically‐based head model of the subject. This incorporates a physical approximation to facial tissue and a set of anatomically‐motivated facial muscle actuators. Finally, these components are integrated in a facial modelling and animation system.
Partitioning Relational Matrices of Similarities or Dissimilarities\n using the Value of Information (2017)

In this paper, we provide an approach to clustering relational matrices whose\nentries correspond to either similarities or dissimilarities between objects.\nOur approach is based on the value of information, a parameterized,\ninformation-theoretic criterion that measures the change in costs associated\nwith changes in information. Optimizing the value of information yields a\ndeterministic annealing style of clustering with many benefits. For instance,\ninvestigators avoid needing to a priori specify the number of clusters, as the\npartitions naturally undergo phase changes, during the annealing process,\nwhereby the number of clusters changes in a data-driven fashion. The\nglobal-best partition can also often be identified.\n
Mechanisms of neutralization of a nairovirus (Dugbe virus) by polyclonal IgG and IgM (1992)

Dugbe virus is a member of the nairovirus genus of the Bunyaviridae. Purified polyclonal anti-Dugbe virus IgG, which neutralized greater than 99.5% of virus, reduced attachment of virus to BSC-1 cell monolayers by only 36%. A 100-fold lower concentration neutralized virus by 88%, and had no effect upon attachment. Neutralizing IgG did not affect the ability of Dugbe virus to be internalized by or to fuse with BSC-1 cells. This suggests that IgG neutralization occurs largely at a stage subsequent to primary uncoating. Purified polyclonal anti-Dugbe virus IgM neutralized infectivity and had no effect on the attachment of virus to cells, but inhibited internalization of virus by about 50%. Thus IgM neutralizes partly by interfering with entry of virus and partly by a post-entry event. Neutralization by intermediate concentrations of IgM was enhanced 20-fold in the presence of complement. At high concentrations of IgM, complement-dependent neutralization declined. This is probably due to IgM binding in a planar rather than crab conformation, which does not expose the complement binding sites. Aggregation occurred only at relatively low concentrations of immunoglobulin. Electron microscopy and reactivation of infectivity by vortexing suggested that aggregation makes only a minor contribution to neutralization by IgG or IgM.