gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model for lubricant flow from disk to slider (2003)

A model is presented that calculates the equilibrium lubricant thickness on a slider, resulting from a steady state where net inflow from disk evaporation equals net outflow from evaporation back to the disk, and flow to the slider back end from air shear. Based on experimental vapor pressure and viscosity data, and using surface viscosity enhancement factor and disjoining pressure values available in the literature, this model predicts a transition from a flooded regime for molecular weight M/sub n/ below 1.5 kDaltons to a starved regime where slider lubricant thickness drops to a value close to zero. At the same time, lubricant accumulation to the slider back end is expected to decrease exponentially.
Health benefits of dietary fiber (2009)

Dietary fiber intake provides many health benefits. However, average fiber intakes for US children and adults are less than half of the recommended levels. Individuals with high intakes of dietary fiber appear to be at significantly lower risk for developing coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and certain gastrointestinal diseases. Increasing fiber intake lowers blood pressure and serum cholesterol levels. Increased intake of soluble fiber improves glycemia and insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic and diabetic individuals. Fiber supplementation in obese individuals significantly enhances weight loss. Increased fiber intake benefits a number of gastrointestinal disorders including the following: gastroesophageal reflux disease, duodenal ulcer, diverticulitis, constipation, and hemorrhoids. Prebiotic fibers appear to enhance immune function. Dietary fiber intake provides similar benefits for children as for adults. The recommended dietary fiber intakes for children and adults are 14 g/1000 kcal. More effective communication and consumer education is required to enhance fiber consumption from foods or supplements.
Tools and strategies for scarless allele replacement in<i>Drosophila</i>using CRISPR/Cas9 (2016)

Genome editing via the CRISPR/Cas9 RNA-guided nuclease system has opened up exciting possibilities for genetic analysis. However, technical challenges associated with homology-directed repair have proven to be roadblocks for producing changes in the absence of unwanted, secondary mutations commonly known as "scars." To address these issues, we developed a 2-stage, marker-assisted strategy to facilitate precise, "scarless" edits in Drosophila with a minimal requirement for molecular screening. Using this method, we modified 2 base pairs in a gene of interest without altering the final sequence of the CRISPR cut sites. We executed this 2-stage allele swap using a novel transformation marker that drives expression in the pupal wings, which can be screened for in the presence of common eye-expressing reporters. The tools we developed can be used to make a single change or a series of allelic substitutions in a region of interest in any D. melanogaster genetic background as well as in other Drosophila species.
Designing Interference-Robust Wireless Mesh Networks Using a Defender-Attacker-Defender Model (2015)

Abstract : Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) are interconnected systems of wireless access points (APs) that provide untethered network connectivity for a group of users who require data, voice, and/or video communication. The wireless access medium of a WMN makes it particularly vulnerable to attack and exploitation. We seek a method for quickly designing WMN physical topologies (i.e., the placement of APs) that are robust to the effects of electromagnetic jamming. The conflicting interests of a network designer and attacker in respectively maximizing and minimizing network performance make this problem a natural candidate for the use of game theory. We apply the game theoretic defender-attacker-defender (DAD) methodology to the simultaneous routing, resource allocation, and coverage (SRRA+C) model of WMN performance to simulate the design, attack, and operation of a WMN. Our algorithm and associated decision-support tool can quickly prescribe jamming-robust WMN topologies that minimize the worst possible damage that an adversary can inflict. Our approach considers radio-operating characteristics, the relative importance of client coverage and network flow, and the effects of radio propagation over terrain. To our knowledge, we are the first to use an algorithm with proven global convergence to design jamming-robust WMNs, and the first to apply the DAD framework to the problem of WMN design.
The Impact of Personal Attitudes on Cereal Variety Adoption Decisions in Alberta (2007)

The goal of this study was to help guide development efforts of a current breeding program underway in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, aimed at producing new cold tolerant cereal varieties. In order to maximize the impact of research dollars and efficiently meet the needs of producers in the realm of technology provision, it is helpful to understand the types of producers who might use the new varieties. A survey was used, in Alberta, Canada, to obtain data on producer attitudes affecting adoption of new technology, particularly in adopting a future cold tolerant cereal variety. The survey was structured with demographic, attitudinal and stated choice questions. A conditional logit regression model was used to estimates the probability of adoption based on the survey responses. Principal component analysis was used to limit the number of variables in the regression. Willingness to pay calculations are then made based on the selected logit model. Frost tolerance is found to be the most desired trait over a decrease in degree days for the sample population. Certain producer characteristics (attitudes towards risk, for example) were found to impact on the estimated willingness to pay for frost tolerance and decreased days to maturity.
Interleukin-10 inhibits initial reverse transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and mediates a virostatic latent state in primary blood-derived human macrophages in vitro (1994)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), a product of T lymphocytes, B cells and macrophages, participates in Th-2 immune responses and modulates macrophage functions including possible interactions with pathogens. We have found that Chinese hamster ovary cell-derived human recombinant (hr) IL-10 inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strains Ada and Ba-L (HIV-1ADA and HIV-1Ba-L) replication in primary tissue culture-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition by IL-10 treatment (> 5 U/ml) was effective 72 h before or 24 h after infection and cytokine activity blocked by anti-hrIL-10 antibody (19F1), or lost after heat inactivation of IL-10. Viral production was measured by determining p24 and reverse transcriptase levels while reverse transcription kinetics for the long terminal repeat (LTR) and gag were assessed at timed intervals after infection and quantified by 32P end-labelling. IL-10 inhibited early steps of infection without modulating cell surface CD4+ levels. The onset of LTR reverse transcription was delayed by 4 to 8 h and the number of LTR transcripts was decreased by 77% at 24 h and by 87% 48 h after infection. IL-10 effects were reversible; after cytokine washout, cells treated before infection showed lower levels of virus compared with those treated after infection. IL-10 biological activity was confirmed in three virus-independent assays. These results demonstrate IL-10 decreases HIV-1 reverse transcription upon macrophage infection and subsequently mediates viral latency in vitro. Therefore, IL-10 may be involved in the effective control of HIV-1-infected macrophages in vivo.
Hepatitis B surface antigen binds to human serum albumin cross-linked by transglutaminase† (1989)

It has been postulated that polymerized human serum albumin may play a role in the infection of hepatocytes by hepatitis B virus, because both the envelope of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) and hepatocytes exhibit binding activity for human serum albumin after cross-linking by glutaraldehyde. Since glutaraldehyde-dependent cross-linking of albumin molecules is not likely to occur in vivo, we considered the possibility that albumin may be polymerized by the action of transglutaminase enzymes present in plasma as activated factor XIII or released into plasma from tissues. Guinea pig liver transglutaminase covalently cross-linked human serum albumin molecules into dimers, trimers and polymers up to hexamers as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. HBsAg particles bound transglutaminase-cross-linked as well as glutaraldehyde-cross-linked human serum albumin as demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and immunoelectron microscopy. The binding was blocked by preincubation of HBsAg with transglutaminase- or glutaraldehyde-cross-linked human serum albumin, anti-HBs or monoclonal anti-pre-S2, but not by polymerized bovine or rat serum albumin or by monomeric human serum albumin. These data indicate that HBsAg particles contain specific binding sites for transglutaminase-cross-linked human serum albumin, but it remains to be determined whether the albumin polymers play a role in the attachment of hepatitis B virus to hepatocytes.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPOR SYNTHESIS. A NEW TECHNIQUE IN SYNTHETIC CHEMISTRY (1976)

Abstract Bei hohen Temperaturen im Vakuum entstehende Metallatome reagieren leicht mit Kohlenwasserstoffen.
Calcium- and Magnesium-Dependent Aggregation of Legume Seed Storage Proteins (1999)

The solubility characteristics and sedimentation behavior of total or individual globulins from legume seeds [Lupinus albus L., Pisum sativum L., and Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were investigated. The typical insolubility of globulins detected during their extraction seems to be due to the presence of a low molecular weight factor(s) in the seed extract. The solubility of the purified globulins decreases with increasing concentrations of calcium and/or magnesium, but not of other cations, showing minimum values at concentrations that vary with the particular globulin considered. Ultracentrifugation analyses revealed that the Ca(2+)- and/or Mg(2+)-induced insolubilization of the globulins involves the formation of high-order aggregates of molecules of the same or of different globulins. These macromolecular structures are dissociated under conditions of high ionic strength, suggesting the involvement of electrostatic interactions in the aggregation process. The degree of association relies heavily on the amount of Ca(2+) and/or Mg(2+) available, on the presence of chelating agents for these divalent cations, and on the ionic strength of the surrounding medium. The possible physiological significance of the findings is discussed.
Tracheostoma Construction during Laryngectomy: A Simple Technique to Prevent Stenosis (1994)

Tracheostomal stenosis is one of the major complications of total laryngectomy. The reported incidence of tracheostomal stenosis in the literature was from 4% to 42%. Many methods of prevention and treatment have been reported, yet numerous patients still develop this type of complication. In this series, 100 consecutive cases received total laryngectomy and tracheostoma construction, only two cases developed tracheostomal stenosis. The principle of tracheostoma construction uses an intact cartilage ring of the trachea to serve as a natural stenting and avoids the use of the tracheotomy tube. The results of our analysis show that the occurrence of tracheostomal stenosis appears to be mainly determined by surgical technique. By not complicating the procedures of surgery, this method ideally prevents post-laryngectomy tracheostomal stenosis.
Semi-empirical neural network modeling of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (1997)

Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) is an important technique for growing thin films with various applications in electronics and optics. The development of accurate and efficient MOCVD process models is therefore desirable, since such models ran be instrumental in improving process control in a manufacturing environment. This paper presents a semi-empirical MOCVD model based on "hybrid" neural networks. The model is constructed by characterizing the MOCVD of titanium dioxide (TiO/sub 2/) films through the measurement of deposition rate over a range of deposition conditions by a statistically designed experiment in which susceptor and source temperature, flow rate of the carrier gas for the precursor and chamber pressure are varied. A modified backpropagation neural network is then trained on the experimental data to determine the value of the adjustable parameters in an analytical expression for the TiO/sub 2/ deposition rate. In so doing, a general purpose methodology for deriving semi-empirical neural process models which take into account prior knowledge of the underlying process physics is developed.
The memorability and security of passwords – some empirical results (2021)

There are many things that are ‘well known’ about passwords, such as that uers can’t remember strong passwords and that the passwords they can remember are easy to guess. However, there seems to be a distinct lack of research on the subject that would pass muster by the standards of applied psychology. Here we report a controlled trial in which, of four sample groups of about 100 first-year students, three were recruited to a formal experiment and of these two were given specific advice about password selection. The incidence of weak passwords was determined by cracking the password file, and the number of password resets was measured from system logs. We observed a number of phenomena which run counter to the established wisdom. For example, passwords based on mnemonic phrases are just as hard to crack as random passwords yet just as easy to remember as naive user selections.
ROE는 수익성 지표인가, 위험성 지표인가? (2007)

본 연구에서는 Penman(1991)의 연구방법을 원용하여 ROE의 시계열적 행태를 파악함으로 써 수익성지표 외에 위험지표로서의 기능을 수행할 수 있는지를 분석하였다. 본 연구는 문헌적 연구방법 과 실증적 연구방법을 병행하여 사용하였다. 분석대상기간은 1990년 1월부터 2002년 12월까지의 13년간 이었으며, 표본기업의 수는 442개 기업이다. 분석결과, 첫째, ROE의 시계열적 행태를 분석한 결과, ‘고위 험, 고수익가설’과 ‘경쟁가설’이라는 두 개의 대립적 가설들이 모두 성립하였다. 둘째, P/B비율이 높으면 서 ROE가 높은 기업들은 이후 기간에도 상당기간 동안 높은 ROE를 지속하는 것으로 나타났다. 그 반 대도 마찬가지였다. 셋째, ROE와 주식수익률간에 양(+)의 상관관계가 존재하였다. ROE는 수익성지표임 을 확인하였다. 그러나 결정계수가 매우 낮았다. 넷째, ROE와 시장베타간에 약하게 음(-)의 상관관계가 존재하였다. 그러나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. ROE는 위험지표라고 볼 수 없었다.
Genomics and Drug Toxicity (2004)

As genomics has revolutionized the study of biology, so has it affected how drugs are discovered. Pharmaceutical companies have also realized another major application: how drugs are assessed for safety. The analysis of gene expression profiles is now actively used alongside conventional toxicological assays to assess drug safety. Such toxicogenomic analysis is being used to predict drug toxicities and to gain a more in-depth understanding of toxic mechanisms, so that more successful drug candidates can be selected.
Pose Estimation with Multiple Sources Using Evolutionary Algorithms (2007)

An important feature of heterogeneous multi-robots systems is the availability of sensing information coming from multiple sources or points of view. Team members can exchange localization information regarding a target, or provide extra sensor information to team-mates that lack of certain sensing capabilities. In this paper, we present two examples of multi-robot pose estimation in a team of robots composed by unmanned aerial and terrestrial vehicles. Information integration is achieved through an evolutionary-based vision algorithm. Experiments have been performed part on virtual-reality simulations and part in-field.
The<i>Yersinia pestis</i>Ail Protein Mediates Binding and Yop Delivery to Host Cells Required for Plague Virulence (2008)

Although adhesion to host cells is a critical step in the delivery of cytotoxic Yop proteins by Yersinia pestis, the mechanism has not been defined. To identify adhesins critical for Yop delivery, we initiated two transposon mutagenesis screens using the mariner transposon. To avoid redundant cell binding activities, we initiated the screen with a strain deleted for two known adhesins, pH 6 antigen and the autotransporter, YapC, as well as the Caf1 capsule, which is known to obscure some adhesins. The mutants that emerged contained insertions within the ail (attachment and invasion locus) gene of Y. pestis. A reconstructed mutant with a single deletion in the ail locus (y1324) was severely defective for delivery of Yops to HEp-2 human epithelial cells and significantly defective for delivery of Yops to THP-1 human monocytes. Specifically, the Yop delivery defect was apparent when cell rounding and translocation of an ELK-tagged YopE derivative into host cells were monitored. Although the ail mutant showed only a modest decrease in cell binding capacity in vitro, the KIM5 Deltaail mutant exhibited a >3,000-fold-increased 50% lethal dose in mice. Mice infected with the Deltaail mutant also had 1,000-fold fewer bacteria in their spleens, livers, and lungs 3 days after infection than did those infected with the parental strain, KIM5. Thus, the Ail protein is critical for both Y. pestis type III secretion in vitro and infection in mice.
Cylindrical concave diffraction grating utilising thin silicon chip (1981)

A unique manufacturing method for concave diffraction gratings is proposed. Also, a cylindrical concave diffraction grating was manufactured with a multimode slab waveguide. A silicon plane diffraction grating was bent cylindrically in this method. The efficiency of the concave diffraction grating was 82% at a 1.3 μm wavelength. The efficiency was about the same as that of the plane diffraction grating.
Scalable video streaming techniques over cooperative relay networks (2013)

This paper investigates a communication method using unequal loss protected layered video and explores use of this over a cooperative relay network. The method is adapted to prioritized video transmission to explore two prioritized layering (scalable) video techniques. Cooperative communication networks can reduce power consumption and benefit wireless networks, where intermediate nodes act as relays of transmitted data, increasing the coverage and network throughput. The methods are therefore evaluated in the context of a number of different relay collaboration strategies using a finite state Markov chain (FSMC) loss model for the wireless channel. Random linear codes are ideally suited to multiple path transmission because the aggregated received symbols over multiple paths assist decoding at the receiver. The results illustrate the advantages for these application scenarios using each considered strategy and analyze the impact in a relay-based network.
Prevalence, Correlates, and Treatment of Lifetime Suicidal Behavior Among Adolescents (2013)

Context Although suicide is the third leading cause of death among US adolescents, little is known about the prevalence, correlates, or treatment of its immediate precursors, adolescent suicidal behaviors (ie, suicide ideation, plans, and attempts).\n\nObjectives To estimate the lifetime prevalence of suicidal behaviors among US adolescents and the associations of retrospectively reported, temporally primary DSM-IV disorders with the subsequent onset of suicidal behaviors.\n\nDesign Dual-frame national sample of adolescents from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement.\n\nSetting Face-to-face household interviews with adolescents and questionnaires for parents.\n\nParticipants A total of 6483 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age and their parents.\n\nMain Outcome Measures Lifetime suicide ideation, plans, and attempts.\n\nResults The estimated lifetime prevalences of suicide ideation, plans, and attempts among the respondents are 12.1%, 4.0%, and 4.1%, respectively. The vast majority of adolescents with these behaviors meet lifetime criteria for at least one DSM-IV mental disorder assessed in the survey. Most temporally primary (based on retrospective age-of-onset reports) fear/anger, distress, disruptive behavior, and substance disorders significantly predict elevated odds of subsequent suicidal behaviors in bivariate models. The most consistently significant associations of these disorders are with suicide ideation, although a number of disorders are also predictors of plans and both planned and unplanned attempts among ideators. Most suicidal adolescents (>80%) receive some form of mental health treatment. In most cases (>55%), treatment starts prior to onset of suicidal behaviors but fails to prevent these behaviors from occurring.\n\nConclusions Suicidal behaviors are common among US adolescents, with rates that approach those of adults. The vast majority of youth with suicidal behaviors have preexisting mental disorders. The disorders most powerfully predicting ideation, though, are different from those most powerfully predicting conditional transitions from ideation to plans and attempts. These differences suggest that distinct prediction and prevention strategies are needed for ideation, plans among ideators, planned attempts, and unplanned attempts.
The real and the development of the imaginary (2008)

Abstract This chapter follows the unfolding of the imaginary, and at the same time, the effect this has on Jacques Lacan's understanding of the relationship between the symbolic and the real, and particularly his understanding of the real. Lacan himself realised that his understanding of the relation between the symbolic and the real was inadequate. It then reports the story of the development of the imaginary from Lacan's early work to his late work. Lacan was attempting to explain purely genetically how culture could have arisen from nature. Furthermore, it explores how it is once again the imaginary form of man and certain elements of nature which are responsible for the generation of the symbolic as such. It determines how close Lacan comes to Jacques Derrida.
Proliferation of Prostate Stromal Cell Induced by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cell Stimulated With<i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i>via Crosstalk With Mast Cell (2016)

The inflammatory mediators released by BPH epithelial cells in response to infection by trichomonads induce the migration and activation of mast cells. The activated mast cells induce the proliferation of prostate stromal cells via CXCL8-CXCR1 and CCL2-CCR2 signaling. Our results therefore show that the inflammatory response by BPH epithelial cells stimulated with T. vaginalis induce the proliferation of prostate stromal cells via crosstalk with mast cells. Prostate 76:1431-1444, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biofeedback therapy in cardiovascular disease: rationale and research overview. (2008)

Biofeedback has much therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases, since many of these diseases involve dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system. Studies have clearly demonstrated that patients can use biofeedback techniques to regulate the input of the autonomic nervous system to the heart, but the clinical utility of these techniques has not been well explored in systematic trials. Much biofeedback research to date has focused on patients with hypertension, but outcomes have been inconclusive. Preliminary studies suggest that heart rate variability biofeedback may be useful in improving symptoms and quality of life in patients with cardiac disease, and early studies suggest a possible effect of biofeedback on remodeling of the failing heart. Both of these areas require further research, however. Biofeedback is increasingly used as an adjunct to stress management in cardiac rehabilitation programs, providing the impetus for a large-scale, systematic study of self-regulation in cardiac disease.
학교 중도탈락 위기 청소년 내담자 사례 - 독서치료 과정 및 주요 내용 - (2018)

본 연구의 사례는 장기간 학교를 결석하는 학생을 대상으로 독서치료 이론에 근거하여 상담한 사례이다. 상담은 중학교 WeeClass에서 이루어졌으며, 상담자는 전문상담사로 근무하면서 학생들 상담을 전담하였다. 자료 수집은 상담 전체 18회기로 이루어졌으며, 회기 요약과 함께 독서를 통해 현재 자신의 모습을 직면하고 심리적 변화가 일어나는 과정을 제시하였다. 독서를 통해 내담자는 어머니에 대한 이중적인 감정과 분리불안에 대한 모습을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 독서치료 활동을 통해 자신의 위축된 자아로 인해 또래관계 형성에 어려움을 겪는 모습과 비합리적 신념으로 학업을 포기하려고 했던 모습에서 자기 삶에 대한 희망을 가지고 목표를 설정하여 상급학교에 진학하는 성취를 이루는 상태로 변화한 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 사례 연구를 통해 학교 중도탈락 위기 청소년 내담자에게 독서치료를 활용한 개입방법이 효과적인 치료적 이득을 제공하고 있음을 제시하였다.