gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Climate-Energy Nexus (2010)

The 140-page published proceedings of the workshop include individual articles and PowerPoint slides for all workshop presentations. The proceedings also contain pertinent background information on the China-US Joint Research Center, partnering organizations, and workshop goals and objectives. Overall, the workshop increased the understanding of the impacts of climate change on energy use and renewable energy production as well as the complex relationships among land use, energy production, and ecological restoration. The workshop served as an international platform for scientists and students of different research backgrounds to develop a unified perspective on energy and climate relationships. Such understanding will benefit future cooperation between China and the US in mitigating global climate change. The workshop’s agenda, which is highly interdisciplinary, explored many potential opportunities for international collaboration in ecosystem management, climate modeling, greenhouse gas emissions, and bioenergy sustainability. International research groups have been suggested in the areas of genomes and biotechnology of energy plants, sustainable management of soil and water resources, carbon sequestration, and microbial processes for ecological cycles. The project has attracted considerable attention from institutes beyond the China-US Joint Research Center partners, and several of them (such as Institute of Qing-Tibet Plateau Research, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Institute of Applied Ecology, CAS) have expressed interest in joining the partnership. In addition, the workshop played a significant role in facilitating establishment of private-public partnerships between government and private bioenergy companies (such as L.R. Shugarts and Associates, Inc.), including seed providers (Blade Energy Crops, Thousand Oaks, CA), pilot demonstration projects at coal-producing cities (e.g., Huaibei, Anhui province, China), and the development of methodology for assessment of the sustainable production of biofuels (such as life-cycle analysis, sustainability metrics, and land-use policy). Establishment of two US-China scientific research networks in the area of bioenergy and environmental science is a significant result of the workshop.
Joint directional properties of uplink anddownlink channel in mobile communications (1999)

The directional properties of the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) channel are compared experimentally for a duplex distance of 68 MHz. It is found that the first- and second-order moments of the power azimuth spectrum, for all practical purposes, can be assumed to be identical for the UL and DL bands.
Negative ion formation from low energy (0–15 eV) electron impact to CF2Cl2 under different phase conditions (2000)

Negative ion formation following low energy (0–10 eV) electron attachment to free and bound CF2Cl2 molecules is studied in (1) a molecular beam experiment (single molecules, homogeneous clusters, and mixed CF2Cl2/NH3 clusters) and (2) a UHV surface experiment where desorption of negative ions from condensed CF2Cl2 is observed. From single gas phase CF2Cl2 molecules we observe Cl− and F− generated via dissociative electron attachment from a resonance near 0 eV and 3 eV, respectively, as the most abundant ions. From homogeneous clusters (CF2Cl2)n, we additionally detect undissociated complexes of the form (M)n−(M=CF2Cl2) including the stabilized monomer CF2Cl2− and also “solvated fragment ions” of the form Mn⋅X−(X=Cl, F). Their relative abundance vs size (n) of the final product varies in a significant different way between (M)n− and Mn⋅X− reflecting the different relaxation probabilities in the initial cluster. In the desorption spectra, the dominant low energy Cl− gas phase resonance is strongly suppressed in favor of a significant resonant feature appearing near 8 eV. These last results are discussed in light of previously reported giant enhancements of electron induced desorption of Cl− and F− from CF2Cl2 on Ru coadsorbed with water or ammonia ices under 250 eV electron impact [Q. B. Lu and T. E. Madey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4122 (1999); J. Chem. Phys. 111, 2861 (1999)].
CHARACTERIZATION OF CYTOKINE INDUCED SIGNALING EVENTS IN KAPOSI'S SARCOMA (1997)

Various cytokines including basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), oncostatin M (OSM), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) have been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). These cytokines induce phosphorylation and activation of the recently identified related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase(RAFTK) and its association with the cytoskeletal protein paxillin in these cells. Moreover, the tyrosine kinase receptor Flt-4 expressed in these cells also induced phosphorylation of RAFTK. KS cells were transiently transfected with a pcDNAlll vector containing wild-type RAFTK or a dominant negative mutant of RAFTK. The dominant negative mutant was generated by replacing lysine 457 with an alanine residue by site-directed mutagenesis. Untransfected or transfected cells were stimulated with various cytokines, lysed in modified RIPA buffer and then used for immunoprecipitation, immunoblot analysis, in vitro kinase assay and JNK kinase activity. In this study, we have further characterized the signaling events induced by these cytokines in KS cells. We found that the level of c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase (JNK) was increased after treatment with VEGF or VEGF related protein (VRP), the recently discovered Flt-4 ligand, bFGF and OSM have also been reported to activate JNK in these cells. Preliminary studies indicated that overexpression of a dominant negative mutant of RAFTK interfered with the OSM induced activation of JNK activity, whereas overexpression of wild-type RAFTK led to the activation of JNK activity in KS cells. These results suggest that RAFTK may act as an upstream mediator of JNK signaling pathways induced by cytokines in KS cells. We also postulate that in these tumor cells, RAFTK may act as a "platform kinase", which is activated by a diverse group of stimulatory cytokines. Furthermore, RAFTK may facilitate transmission of signaling events from the cell surface to the cytoskeleton and downstream to the growth promoting JNK pathway in KS cells.
Low-Cost Microfabrication for MEMS Switches and Varactors (2018)

This paper presents a low-cost microfabrication technique for manufacturing radio frequency microelectromechanical system (RF MEMS) switches and varactors without intensive clean-room environments. The fabrication process entails only laser microstructuring technique, non-clean-room microlithography, and standard wet-bench and hot-film emboss of SU-8 and ADEX polymers. MEMS movable structures were fabricated out of 14- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -thick aluminum foils and suspended above coplanar-waveguide transmission lines, which were implemented on top of FR4 substrates via 5- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -thick SU-8 dielectric anchors. Both MEMS structures and an FR4 substrate were integrated using micropatterned polymers, developed by using dry-film ADEX and SU-8 polymers, for a composite assembly. An average fabrication yield of higher than 60% was achieved, calculated from 10 fabrication attempts. The RF measurement results show that the RF MEMS devices fabricated by using the novel microfabrication process have good figures of merit, at much lower overall fabrication costs, as compared to the devices fabricated by conventional clean-room process, enabling it as a very good microfabrication process for cost-effective rapid prototyping of MEMS.
Horizontal Transfer of Shiga Toxin and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among <I>Escherichia coli</I> Strains in House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Gut (2006)

Whether the house fly, Musca domestica L., gut is a permissive environment for horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes between strains of Escherichia coli is not known. House flies were immobilized and force fed suspensions of defined, donor strains of E. coli containing chloramphenicol resistance genes on a plasmid, or lysogenic, bacteriophage-born Shiga toxin gene stx1 (bacteriophage H-19B::Ap1). Recipient strains were E. coli lacking these mobile elements and genes but having rifampicin as a selectable marker. Plasmid transfer occurred at rates of 10(-2) per donor cell in the fly midgut and 10(-3) in the fly crop after 1 h of incubation postfeeding. Bacteriophage transfer rate was approximately 10(-6) per donor cell without induction, but induction with mitomycin C increased rates of transfer to 10(-2) per donor cell. These findings show that genes encoding antibiotic resistance or toxins will transfer horizontally among bacteria in the house fly gut via plasmid transfer or phage transduction. The house fly gut may provide a favorable environment for the evolution and emergence of pathogenic bacterial strains through acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors.
Thermotropic Cholesterol-Containing Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1978)

In recent years, investigators working in the field of physics and chemistry of high-molecular compounds have been paying a lot of attention to the problem of creating liquid crystalline systems (1-14). The great interest displayed in the study of properties of such systems can most probably be accounted for by two main factors: firstly, by the advances in studies into the structure, properties and practical use of low-molecular liquid crystals in physics, technology and medicine, and, secondly, by the studies of the nature and salient features of the liquid crystalline state in polymers as a specific state of macromolecular substances. Advances in this field of research are associated with the development of methods for producing polymeric liquid-crystalline systems and controlling the processes of structure formation in polymers. Unfortunately, at present, the relevant literature not only lacks classification of experimental data on polymeric liquid crystals, but also criteria determining the
Small Airways Disease in Patients without Chronic Air-Flow Limitation (1987)

We measured airway diameter and quantitated airway pathology scores in respiratory bronchioles (RB) and membranous bronchioles (MB) in 37 patients undergoing resection for solitary pulmonary nodules. The patients had FEV1 greater than 75% of the predicted. Measurements of FEV1, nitrogen washout curve (delta N2/L), closing volume as a percentage of vital capacity (CV/VC%), and maximal flow at 50% of VC (V50) were made prior to surgery. There were 22 smokers and 15 nonsmokers. There were more MB per cm2 of tissue than RB (0.74 versus 1.02). The mean internal diameter for MB was 0.55 +/- 0.27 mm; for RB it was 0.47 +/- 0.15 mm. There were more MB greater than 1.0 mm in internal diameter than RB greater than 1.0 mm, and the mean diameter of MB was less than that noted in autopsy specimens. The total pathology scores for all airways were less than those found in Caucasian populations. Pathology scores were higher for MB than for RB, except for pigment deposition. Inflammation scores were higher in patients with FEV1 less than 100% predicted both for RB (p less than 0.05) and for MB (p less than 0.05). FEV1 values correlated with goblet cell metaplasia scores (p less than 0.05) for MB and with fibrosis (p less than 0.05), pigment deposition (p less than 0.05), and intraluminal macrophages (p less than 0.05) for RB. Tests specific for small airways (delta N2/L, V50, CV/VC%) did not correlate with the pathology scores.
[A case of gastric carcinoma with multiple skin, bone, and bilateral ovary metastasis; effective treatment by chemotherapy]. (2003)

A 40-year-old female visited our hospital with general malaise. She was diagnosed with gastric carcinoma with multiple skin, bone, and bilateral ovary metastases. Chemotherapy with 5-FU (1,000 mg/w) and cisplatin (10 mg/w) was performed in the outpatient clinic. Two years after the initial diagnosis, CEA was elevated. She then was given chemotherapy of CPT-11 (40 mg/w) in the outpatient clinic after 1 cycle of combined chemotherapy of CPT-11 and cisplatin. She died 38 months after the initial diagnosis. Weekly 5-FU/CDDP or low-dose CPT-11 appear to be effective for such a gastric carcinoma with systemic metastases without impairing quality of life.
Regio- und stereoselektive Carbosulfenylierung von Olefinen (1987)

Im Eintopfverfahren lassen sich aus cyclischen Olefinen wie 1, n=1–3, durch Chlorsulfenylierung und nachfolgende Alkylierung mit Lewis-sauren Organometall-Reagentien wie (CH3)2Zn/TiCl4 oder (CH3)3Al stereospezifisch die trans-substituierten Produkte 2 aufbauen. Das Reaktionsprinzip läßt sich auf trisubstituierte Olefine und α-chirale 1,2-disubstituierte Olefine wie 3 übertragen, wobei im letztgenannten Fall hohe Regio- und Stereoselektivität auftritt (Bildung von 4). Das Zusammenspiel von 1,2-asymmetrischer Induktion und trans-Stereospezifität führt zu definierter 1,3-Stereorelation.
Doładowanie zakresowe nowoczesnych silników spalinowych (2014)

Charging of internal combustion engines allows to increase power density, as well as reducing fuel consumption and emission of pollutants into the atmosphere. This is shown uniquely introduced by leading manufacturers powertrains equipped commonly with charging systems. The article containins issues related to sequential charging of modern internal combustion engines. Were presented definitions of charging, purpose of use and the key parameters. Have been systematized essence of sequential charging. Were reviewed of systems solutions sequential charging in terms of their structure and areas of work. Presented parameters in paper of internal combustion engines of selected manufacturers summarizes with the full load characteristics and indicators engine work. Analysis of indicators on these engines shows advantages combined with application of sequential charging systems.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR Spectroscopic and Density Functional Theory (DFT), <i>ab Initio</i>, and IGLO Theoretical Study of Protonated Cycloalkylcarboxylic Acids (Carboxonium Ions) and Their Acyl Cations (Oxocarbenium Ions) (1996)

A series of protonated cycloalkylcarboxylic acids (carboxonium ions) and their corresponding acyl cations (oxocarbenium ions) were investigated in FSO3H−SbF5−SO2ClF solution by 13C NMR spectroscopy. The ions were also studied by density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio and IGLO theoretical methods. The study shows that the various cycloalkyl groups have little effect on the 13C NMR chemical shift of the carbocationic carbons of the ions. Charge calculations show that the delocalization into the cycloalkyl group is greater for the oxocarbenium ions than for the carboxonium ions. This is consistent with the greater electronic demand in oxocarbenium ions wherein one adjacent oxygen atom effects stabilization.
Overview of medically important antifungal azole derivatives. (1988)

Fungal infections are a major burden to the health and welfare of modern humans. They range from simply cosmetic, non-life-threatening skin infections to severe, systemic infections that may lead to significant debilitation or death. The selection of chemotherapeutic agents useful for the treatment of fungal infections is small. In this overview, a major chemical group with antifungal activity, the azole derivatives, is examined. Included are historical and state of the art information on the in vitro activity, experimental in vivo activity, mode of action, pharmacokinetics, clinical studies, and uses and adverse reactions of imidazoles currently marketed (clotrimazole, miconazole, econazole, ketoconazole, bifonazole, butoconazole, croconazole, fenticonazole, isoconazole, oxiconazole, sulconazole, and tioconazole) and under development (aliconazole and omoconazole), as well as triazoles currently marketed (terconazole) and under development (fluconazole, itraconazole, vibunazole, alteconazole, and ICI 195,739).
Applying Artificial Neural Networks: Part II. Using near Infrared Data to Classify Tobacco Types and Identify Native Grown Tobacco (1997)

Classification of flue-cured and Burley tobacco types with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were studied. Burley tobacco was further classified as either grown in the USA or grown outside the USA. The input data were in the form of near infrared (NIR) spectra, each spectrum containing 19 points. The number of flue-cured and Burley samples were 654 and 959, respectively. The number of native and non-native tobacco samples were 266 and 267, respectively. The models selected for this research were a quadratic classifier, a back-propagation network and a linear network. The results of the calibration model and the true performance for classifying tobacco species were (100%, 100%), (99.38%, 99.39%) and (95.19%, 99.26%) for the quadratic classifier, back-propagation network and linear network, respectively. The identification of native tobacco and its true performance were (100%, 100%) using a quadratic classifier, (89.12%, 88.46%) using a back-propagation network and (80.68%, 79.62%) using a linear network.
Stress response gene ATF3 is a target of c‐myc in serum‐induced cell proliferation (2006)

The c‐myc protooncogene encodes a transcription factor that promotes cell cycle progression and cell proliferation, and its deficiency results in severely retarded proliferation rates. The ATF3 stress response gene encodes a transcription factor that plays a role in determining cell fate under stress conditions. Its biological significance in the control of cell proliferation and its crosstalk regulation, however, are not well understood. Here we report that the serum response of the ATF3 gene expression depends on c‐myc gene and that the c‐Myc complex at ATF/CREB site of the gene promoter plays a role in mediating the serum response. Intriguingly, ectopic expression of ATF3 promotes proliferation of c‐myc ‐deficient cells, mostly by alleviating the impeded G1‐phase progression observed in these cells, whereas ATF3 knockdown significantly suppresses proliferation of wild‐type cells. Our study demonstrates that ATF3 is downstream of the c‐Myc signaling pathway and plays a role in mediating the cell proliferation function of c‐Myc. Our results provide a novel insight into the functional link of the stress response gene ATF3 and the protooncogene c‐myc .
Automated Purification and Quantification of Oligonucleotides (1999)

We have developed automated methods for the trityl-on purification and quantification of synthetic oligonucleotides. Oligonucleotide purification is by solid-phase extraction cartridges using Amberchrom CG-50 resin on an XYZ-axis robotic system. Quantification is by OD260nm using an online UV-visible spectrophotometer with sipper. The purification of 20 oligonucleotides requires 5 min of user set-up time, plus 20 min per sample of robot time. For a 15-25-mer at the 40 nmol scale of synthesis, the method gives a yield of 2.8 ODs from a load of 10.1 OD, i.e., a 28% average yield. Oligonucleotides purified by this method have proven to be successful for primers for automated DNA sequencing.
Heat flux error of steady-state method for building components under dynamic conditions (1995)

Heat transfer processes in building components are generally non-linear due to interactions between air infiltration, conduction and solar radiation. Therefore, the steady-state method may cause biased estimation of heat flux or energy consumption under dynamic conditions. Numerical simulations performed on idealized diffuse walls show that the estimation error depends on several parameters: the ratio of the maximum to the minimum air flow rate; the combinations of profiles of weather parameters; the air flow rate itself, and the wall thermal capacity. When the ratio of the maximum to the minimum air flow rate is less than 1.5, the steady-state method may yield a reasonable heat flux estimation. The steady-state method generally underestimates the heat flux; however, it may overestimate the heat flux when the ambient temperature has an initial phase difference of 12 hours compared with daily air flow profiles.
<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>19</sup>F and <sup>13</sup>C NMR assignments of 5,7‐dihalogenated kynurenic acid derivatives (1991)

Abstract 1 H, 19 F and 13 C chemical shift assignments and 1 H– 1 H, 1 H– 19 F, 19 F– 19 F and 19 F− 13 C coupling constants for nine 5,7‐dihalogenated kynurenic acid derivatives are reported. Data and assignments are based on 1D and 2D NMR experiments.
Metal–organic and covalent organic frameworks as single-site catalysts (2017)

Heterogeneous single-site catalysts consist of isolated, well-defined, active sites that are spatially separated in a given solid and, ideally, structurally identical. In this review, the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as platforms for the development of heterogeneous single-site catalysts is reviewed thoroughly. In the first part of this article, synthetic strategies and progress in the implementation of such sites in these two classes of materials are discussed. Because these solids are excellent playgrounds to allow a better understanding of catalytic functions, we highlight the most important recent advances in the modelling and spectroscopic characterization of single-site catalysts based on these materials. Finally, we discuss the potential of MOFs as materials in which several single-site catalytic functions can be combined within one framework along with their potential as powerful enzyme-mimicking materials. The review is wrapped up with our personal vision on future research directions.
Scalable Analytics over Distributed Time-series Graphs using GoFFish (2014)

Graphs are a key form of Big Data, and performing scalable analytics over them is invaluable to many domains. As our ability to collect data grows, there is an emerging class of inter-connected data which accumulates or varies over time, and on which novel analytics - both over the network structure and across the time-variant attribute values - is necessary. We introduce the notion of time-series graph analytics and propose Gopher, a scalable programming abstraction to develop algorithms and analytics on such datasets. Our abstraction leverages a sub-graph centric programming model and extends it to the temporal dimension using an iterative BSP (Bulk Synchronous Parallel) approach. Gopher is co-designed with GoFS, a distributed storage specialized for time-series graphs, as part of the GoFFish distributed analytics platform. We examine storage optimizations for GoFS, design patterns in Gopher to leverage the distributed data layout, and evaluate the GoFFish platform using time-series graph data and applications on a commodity cluster.