gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A miner for malware detection based on API function calls and their arguments (2012)

Since signature based methods cannot identify sophisticated malware quickly and effectively, research is moving toward using samples' runtime behavior. But these methods are often slow and have lower detection rate and are not usually used in antivirus software. In this article we introduce a scalable method that relies on utilizing features other than traditional API calls to obtain higher accuracies. Two feature categories including API names and a combination of API names and their input arguments were extracted to investigate their effect in identifying and distinguishing malware and benign applications. Feature selection techniques are then applied to reduce the number of features and enhance the analysis time. Various classifiers were then utilized along with 10-fold cross validation approach to achieve an accuracy of 98.4% with a false positive rate less than two percent in best case. The small number of extracted features in the proposed technique and the high accuracy achieved makes it an appropriate approach to be used in industrial applications.
Practical Gassmann fluid substitution in sand/shale sequences (2007)

When performing fluid substitution on log data Gassmann’s (1951) model is the general tool of choice. Whilst the equations and software implementations are straightforward, there are potential pitfalls. Several authors have noted the need for quality control (QC) of Gassmann input parameters (e.g., Smith et al., 2003; Han and Batzle, 2004; and Skelt, 2004 have described the problem of erroneous fluid substitution results in laminated sand/shale intervals). Despite the warnings, however, it is not clear what the interpreter should do in the application of Gassmann to mitigate the chances of erroneous results. Nor is it clear, for example, in the case of shaley sand scenarios, what the right answer should be. The approach taken here is essentially pragmatic, suggesting an adaptive Gassmann workflow that can be modified to give intuitive results. The paper illustrates the need to QC the dry rock data implicit in Gassmann’s model and to condition the dry rock data used in fluid substitution. The following discussion assumes that good quality log data, including logs of shear wave velocity Vs, are available. No discussion will be made here of issues such as log editing and Vs prediction.
CHOLINE KINASE AS A PRECISION MEDICINE TARGET FOR THERAPY IN CANCER, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES AND MALARIA (2015)

Cancer cells have an altered metabolism that provides advantages to support unregulated growth and higher duplication rates. Among these critical changes, energy generation through aerobic glycolysis as well as increased glutamine catabolism, are essential components associated with altered levels of specific metabolites. Up-regulation of lipid metabolism also occurs frequently in cancer cells. Increased fatty-acid biosynthesis as well as their elongation and saturation processes are among widely recognized events that define cancer cells. Not surprisingly, the CDP-choline and CDP-ethanolamine pathways responsible for the generation of membrane phospholipids is a major alteration frequently found in human tumours. Choline kinase a (ChoKa) plays a critical role in this latter metabolic route and is the focus of a targeted therapeutic strategy. Small molecule inhibitors of this enzyme are effective and selective anticancer drugs that have recently entered clinical trials. More recently, ChoKa inhibitors have been proposed as a novel therapeutic approach against malaria and rheumatoid arthritis. Here, the evidence that support the use of ChoKa as a novel drug target for precision medicine approaches is discussed.
Proteins as Potential Endpoint Temperature Indicators for Ground Beef Patties (1996)

ABSTRACT Ground beef patties were cooked to 63, 66, 68 and 71°C and 25g meat from the center of each patty was extracted. Changes in protein composition of extracts were monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polya‐crylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting and enzyme activity. Acid phosphatase, bovine serum albumin, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphoglycerate mutase, and tri‐ose phosphate isomerase concentration or activity decreased (P < 0.05) as endpoint temperatures increased. None of the enzymes was completely inactivated or insolubilized at 71°C. These proteins might be useful in assays to verify processing temperatures of ground beef patties.
Conditions for stable coherent operation of two CO<sub>2</sub>lasers with unstable resonators (1989)

The influence of a phase shift in a channel coupling two unstable-resonator CO2 lasers on the band width of stable phase locking of the laser fields was studied experimentally for the first time. The fraction of the radiation effecting the optical coupling was determined experimentally and found to vary in the range 10 − 3–10 − 2 for different coupling apertures. The maximum mismatch of the resonator lengths which did not disrupt the coherence amounted to ΔL≈λ / 20. A method developed for calculating the diffraction made it possible to determine numerically the stable phase locking range of the output radiation from two lasers with unstable resonators. The calculated and experimental parametric dependences of the phase-locking band width were in qualitative agreement.
The Anti‐Ageing Action of Dietary Restriction (2001)

Over 60 years ago, McCay's laboratory showed that dietary or calorie-restriction dramatically increased the lifespan of rats. Since then, numerous laboratories with a variety of strains of rats and mice have confirmed this initial observation and have shown that reducing calorie intake (without malnutrition) significantly increases both the mean and maximum survival of rodents. Currently, dietary restriction is the only experimental manipulation that has been shown to retard ageing of mammals. Although mechanism whereby dietary restriction retards ageing is currently unknown, much of the emerging data suggest that the calorie-restricted rodents live longer and age more slowly because they are more resistant to stress and have an enhanced ability to protect cells against damaging agents.
Private communications in public meetings (2005)

Out-of-band communication during audio conferences can improve the effectiveness of distributed meetings. It provides a means for people to privately consult with one another, supports breakout sessions, and allows individuals to resolve problems without interrupting the discussion. Conversely, off-topic chat and poorly timed interruptions can degrade meeting effectiveness. We considered these trade-offs in adding a private text chat capability and a novel, multi-channel voice chat feature to the Meeting Central collaboration suite. In this paper, we explain the motivation behind adding these features and then describe our initial implementation, the usability and field testing we conducted, and the changes that we made as a result of that user research.
Resonant Air Quality Sensor (2013)

In this Thesis report the modeling, design, simulation, fabrication and measurements done at the Resonant Air Quality Sensor is described. The sensor is based on a resonant system, made in a silicon wafer with MEMS technology. By depositing the particles to be measured on top of the mass, the total mass of these particles can be measured by measuring the change in resonant frequency of the system. This sensor is made in the DIMES Cleanroom, and the fabrication process used is based on the existing DIMES BICMOS5 process, extended with a by the author designed MEMS module. The mean resonant frequency of the clean device is measured to be 498 kHz, with a quality factor of 1400. The mass sensitivity of the sensor is measured to by 920Hz/ng.
An Indoor Visible Light Communication Positioning System Using a RF Carrier Allocation Technique (2012)

We propose a new indoor positioning system utilizing visible light communication. Intensity modulation/direct detection and carrier allocation methods are utilized in the proposed system. Simultaneous three channel transmissions were applied to calculate the receiver's position. The characteristics of the proposed positioning system were investigated through simulation based on the experimental results, and the feasibility of the proposed system was verified by experimentation. The experimental result shows that the average error of estimated positions is reduced to 2.4 cm using adjustment process by normalizing method, which is compared with 141.1 cm without adjustment process.
Effect of 8‐Hydroxy‐, 8‐Mercapto‐ and 5‐Chloro‐7‐iodo‐8‐hydroxy‐quinoline on the Uptake and Distribution of Nickel in Mice (1994)

Oral administration of Ni2+ together with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-OH-quinoline), 8-mercaptoquinoline (8-SH-quinoline) or 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline (clioquinol) resulted in increased tissue levels of the metal in several tissues of mice in comparison with animals given the Ni2+ alone. Ni2+ forms lipophilic complexes with these compounds and it can be assumed that this will facilitate the uptake of the Ni2+ over the walls of the gastrointestinal tract. Our results showed that 8-SH-quinoline, in contrast to 8-OH-quinoline and and clioquinol, induces a markedly changed distribution pattern of the Ni2+ in the body, with uptake of the metal in tissues such as the central nervous system, pigmented tissues, the pancreatic islets and the thyroid. It is probable that the Ni(2+)-complex with 8-SH-quinoline is stable enough to persist for a time period in the tissues and that the obtained pattern partly reflects the distribution of the complexed metal. In contrast, following the absorption from the gastrointestinal tract there may be a dissociation of the complexes between Ni2+ and 8-OH-quinoline or clioquinol, resulting in increased metal levels in various tissues, but with similar distribution as when the Ni2+ is given alone.
Progress in Synthesis of Monoglycerides for Use in Food and Pharmaceuticals (2017)

Glycerides are lipid esters of the glycerol molecule and fatty acids. Their primary function is the storage of energy. Due to its structure and properties, glycerol participates in the formulation or synthesis of many compounds such as food products, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, liquid detergents. Monoglycerides (MGs) can be formed by both industrial chemical glycerolysis and biological or enzymatic processes. Chemical glycerolysis bring issues of low MGs yield, high operating temperature, formation of undesirable by-products and high energy consumption. On the other hand enzymatic processes have advantages of mild reaction conditions and high purity of MGs. But, several purification steps are required to obtain food or pharmaceutical grade MG, such as neutralization of the reaction media and discoloration followed by expensive molecular distillation. The purpose of this article is to review the main challenges in the synthesis of MGs from triglycerides (TGs) contained in the various fixed oils and application thereof in the food and pharmaceuticals.
The Effect of Anterior Versus Posterior Glide Joint Mobilization on External Rotation Range of Motion in Patients With Shoulder Adhesive Capsulitis (2007)

Study Design Randomized clinical trial. Objective To compare the effectiveness of anterior versus posterior glide mobilization techniques for improving shoulder external rotation range of motion (ROM) in patients with adhesive capsulitis. Background Physical therapists use joint mobilization techniques to treat motion impairments in patients with adhesive capsulitis. However, opinions of the value of anterior versus posterior mobilization procedures to improve external rotation ROM differ. Methods and Measures Twenty consecutive subjects with a primary diagnosis of shoulder adhesive capsulitis and exhibiting a specific external rotation ROM deficit were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups. All subjects received 6 therapy sessions consisting of application of therapeutic ultrasound, joint mobilization, and upper-body ergometer exercise. Treatment differed between groups in the direction of the mobilization technique performed. Shoulder external rotation ROM measured initially and after each treatment session was compared within and between groups and analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA, followed by paired and independent t tests. Results There was no significant difference in shoulder external rotation ROM between groups prior to initiating the treatment program. A significant difference between groups (P = .001) was present by the third treatment. The individuals in the anterior mobilization group had a mean improvement in external rotation ROM of 3.0° (SD, 10.8°; P = .40), whereas the individuals in the posterior mobilization group had a mean improvement of 31.3° (SD, 7.4°; P<.001). Conclusions A posteriorly directed joint mobilization technique was more effective than an anteriorly directed mobilization technique for improving external rotation ROM in subjects with adhesive capsulitis. Both groups had a significant decrease in pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2007;37(3):88–99. doi:10.2519/jospt.2007.2307
Modelling of metastatic growth and in vivo imaging (2014)

Un probleme majeur du cancer est l'apparition de metastases, difficiles a detecter par l'imagerie medicale et qui peuvent progresser rapidement. Par le biais de la modelisation mathematique, nous esperons developper de nouveaux outils capables d'anticiper l'etat metastatique d'un patient.Les deux premieres parties de cette these sont dediees au developpement d'un tel outil, l'objectif etant sonutilisation chez l'animal voire en clinique. Du aux variabilites intra- et inter-individuelles, nous sommes amenes a utiliser des modeles statistiques couteux en temps de calcul.Dans la partie 1, nous etendons une approche introduite par Iwata et al. et developpee dans l'equipe. Nousproposons une resolution numerique plus efficace basee sur la reformulation du modele sous formed'equation integrale de Volterra de type convolution, qui s'avere egalement utile pour montrer desproprietes theoriques du modele. En outre, nous etudions une extension stochastique de ce modele deterministe.Dans la partie 2, nous montrons que notre approche est adaptee a la description de donnees souris. Utilisant le cadre statistique des modeles nonlineaires a effets mixtes, nous construisons un modele metastatique identifiable a partir des donnees et nous interpretons les resultats biologiquement.La partie 3 regroupe des resultats issus de collaborations avec des biologistes. Nous avons commence amodeliser la croissance tumorale a partir d'observations par imagerie SPECT en utilisant un modele deGyllenberg et Webb. D'autre part, afin d'ameliorer la precision des observations SPECT, nous testons des techniques dedetection de contours via des methodes volumes finis basees sur des schemas DDFV.
Reverse Dispersion Fiber with Depressed Core-index Profile for Dispersion-managed Fiber Pairs (2008)

Article Reverse Dispersion Fiber with Depressed Core-index Profile for Dispersion-managed Fiber Pairs was published on March 1, 2008 in the journal Journal of Optical Communications (volume 29, issue 1).
Weighted algebraic connectivity metric for non-uniform traffic in reliable network design (2009)

In network survivability design, it is important to be able to differentiate network topologies by means of a quantitative measure that would indicate different levels of robustness of these topologies to failures of their nodes and links. Ideally, such a measure should be sensitive to the existence of nodes or links which are more critical than others, for example, if their failures can disconnect a network. The frequency of nodes and links being used in survivable routing, and thus their importance, can also depend on directional characteristics of non-uniform traffic demands. In this paper, we suggest to quantify network topologies with specific directional non-uniform traffic demands by a weighted algebraic connectivity metric, a generalization of algebraic connectivity metric used in the spectral graph theory, where it is defined as the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. Our simulation-based studies of the spare capacity allocation problem show that this metric is a useful parameter for characterizing the impact of both the network topology and the traffic demands in network survivability studies.
Die separation and rupture strength for deep reactive ion etched silicon wafers (2013)

The work herein analyzes the bending stress required to separate and rupture die from notched silicon wafers. Trenches are formed on the wafers using either a dicing or Bosch deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process. Weibull distribution parameters are reported for all variations of the fracture experiments. Additionally, the relative defect rate associated with DRIE-based die separation are compared with traditional saw methods for a variety of notch depths. Results indicate that the DRIE-based separation technique offers improved rupture strength over the traditional methods, but can also greatly reduce die strength if performed improperly. Dies completely separated by the DRIE process showed a mean failure stress of 1.16 GPa with a Weibull standard deviation of 682 MPa compared to 452 and 65 MPa mean and standard deviation stress for die completely separated by a traditional dicing saw.
A Design Method for Failure-Proof Systems (1983)

A method for the failure detection, estimation, distinction and compensation of a linear discrete system is analyzed and discussed. The method is based on the application of Kalman filtering, multiple hypothesis testing and recursive estimation to build a failure-proof system.
117. Alkyl sulphates. Part I. Critical micelle concentrations of the sodium salts (1956)

H. C. Evans, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 579 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560000579
Deep UV generation and fs pulses characterization using strontium tetraborate (2011)

The properties of NPC structures in strontium tetraborate are analyzed. Different types of NPC structures are revealed that possess different nonlinear properties, and their spectral dependences of frequency conversion efficiency are calculated and compared. Experimental study of these structures is reported for the process of doubling of the second harmonic of fs Ti:S laser. Tuning of generated radiation is obtained in the range 187.5 - 232.5 nm, with extreme insensitivity to the angular orientation of NPC. Behavior of tuning curve along investigated fundamental wave range is similar in all studied samples, but efficiency obtained depends on the type of structure. Conversion efficiency and spectral quality of generated radiation is experimentally shown to grow better when using NPC with improved structure. Prospects of VUV converter on a single NPC are discussed. NPCs of SBO are demonstrated to be useful for autocorrelation diagnostics both in random QPM geometry and in the geometry of nonlinear diffraction from virtual beam.
Investability and Return Volatility in Emerging Equity Markets (2004)

This paper examines how the stocks' investability affects the cross-sectional behavior of stock return volatility in emerging markets. We find that the highly investable stocks experienced higher volatility even after controlling for the country, industry, size, and turnover. We show that the highly investable emerging market portfolio is more correlated with the world market, and the non-investable portfolio is less correlated. The volatility of highly investable stocks increases substantially around the 1998 financial crisis, while the volatility of non-investable does not jump as much.
Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oils of Thymbra spicata var. intricata. (2009)

In this study, T. spicata var. intricata, endemic to Turkey, were collected from various localities of Mugla, Turkey. The essential oils were obtained using the hydrodistillation method. The antimicrobial activities of the essential oils on micro-organisms, including multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria, were evaluated using the disc diffusion method. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The essential oils were effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which included multiple antibiotic resistant strains. However, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Pseudomonas fluorescens MU 87 were resistant to these oils. The essential oils were very effective against Candida albicans. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils showed some variations depending on the localities from which they were collected. A total 24 components were identified in the essential oil. The main components were characterized as carvacrol (75.74%), γ-terpinene (9.28%), p-cymene (7.17%), myrcene (1.39%), β-caryophyllene (1.13%) and thymol (0.15%), respectively. Key words: Antimicrobial activity, chemical composition, Thymbra spicata var. intricata
Cognitive Dynamic Systems: Perception-action Cycle, Radar and Radio (2012)

A groundbreaking book from Simon Haykin, setting out the fundamental ideas and highlighting a range of future research directions.
Brain Metabolism in Autism (1985)

The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was studied in ten men (mean age = 26 years) with well-documented histories of infantile autism and in 15 age-matched normal male controls using positron emission tomography and (F-18) 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Positron emission tomography was completed during rest, with reduced visual and auditory stimulation. While the autistic group as a whole showed significantly elevated glucose utilization in widespread regions of the brain, there was considerable overlap between the two groups. No brain region showed a reduced metabolic rate in the autistic group. Significantly more autistic, as compared with control, subjects showed extreme relative metabolic rates (ratios of regional metabolic rates to whole brain rates and asymmetries) in one or more brain regions.
Expression and regulation of sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) in human macrophages: a role for RXR and PPARγ ligands (2005)

CYP27A1 (sterol 27-hydroxylase) catalyses an important sterol elimination pathway in the human macrophage, and consequently may protect against atherosclerosis. We studied the expression and regulation of CYP27A1 in a human macrophage-like cell-line, THP-1, and primary HMDMs (human monocyte-derived macrophages). In both macrophage cell types, we found that CYP27A1 expression is independent of cellular cholesterol levels and of LXR (liver X receptor)-dependent control of transcription. However, the RXR (retinoid X receptor) ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid, upregulates CYP27A1 expression. Of the RXR heterodimeric partners tested, PPAR (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor) gamma ligands significantly increased CYP27A1 mRNA levels. Its reversal by a PPARgamma antagonist demonstrated the specificity of this effect. Interestingly, HMDMs express markedly higher levels of CYP27A1 than THP-1 macrophages, and this difference was reflected in both protein levels and enzyme activities between the two cell types. In conclusion, stimulation of CYP27A1 by PPARgamma may represent a key previously unrecognized mechanism by which PPARgamma protects against atherosclerosis.