gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequester of metals and mineralization of organic contaminants with microbial mats (1995)

Several recalcitrant organic contaminants are completely mineralized to simple products by microbial mats. Contaminants include chlordane, PCB, TNT, petroleum distillates, BM compounds and TCE in a mixed contaminant solution containing Zn. Degradation rates are relatively rapid under both dark and light conditions. In addition to complete degradation of organic materials, mats have been used to reduce selenate to elemental selenium, remove Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Fe and Mn from water and sequester uranium (U{sup 238}) at a rate of 3.19 mg/m{sup 2}/h. Results of three pilot projects, including field pond treatment of mine drainage and bioreactor treatment of BTEX compounds will be reported. Microbial mats are natural heterotrophic and autotrophic communities dominated by cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). They are self-organized laminated structures annealed fightly together by slimy secretions from various microbial components. The surface slime of the mats effectively immobilizes the ecosystem to a variety of substrates, thereby stabilizing the most efficient internal microbial structure. Cyanobacteria mats are generated for bioremediation applications by enriching a water surface with ensiled grass clippings together with mat inocula developed in the laboratory.
Laser-machined Piezoelectric Cantilevers for Mechanical Energy Harvesting (2008)

In this study, we report results on a piezoelectric- material-based mechanical energy-harvesting device that was fabricated by combining laser machining with microelectronics packaging technology. It was found that the laser-machining process did not have significant effect on the electrical properties of piezoelectric material. The fabricated device was tested in the low-frequency regime of 50 to 1000 Hz at constant force of 8 g (where g = 9.8 m/s(2)). The device was found to generate continuous power of 1.13 microW at 870 Hz across a 288.5 kOmega load with a power density of 301.3 microW/cm(3).
Molecular self-recognition and crystal building in transition-metal carbonyl clusters: the cases of ruthenium and iron carbonyls (Ru3(CO)12 and Fe3(CO)12) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular self-recognition and crystal building in transition-metal carbonyl clusters: the cases of ruthenium and iron carbonyls (Ru3(CO)12 and Fe3(CO)12)Dario Braga and Fabrizia GrepioniCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 5, 1254–1259Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00051a010https://doi.org/10.1021/om00051a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mutagenesis of the γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid Domain of Human Factor VII to Generate Maximum Enhancement of the Membrane Contact Site (2003)

Site-directed mutagenesis of the 40 N-terminal residues (gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain) of blood clotting factor VII was carried out to identify sites that improve membrane affinity. Improvements and degree of change included P10Q (2-fold), K32E (13-fold), and insertion of Tyr at position 4 (2-fold). Two other beneficial changes, D33F (2-fold) and A34E (1.5-fold), may exert their impact via influence of K32E. The modification D33E (5.2-fold) also resulted in substantial improvement. The combined mutant with highest affinity, (Y4)P10Q/K32E/D33F/A34E, showed 150-296-fold enhancement over wild-type factor VIIa, depending on the assay used. Undercarboxylation of Glu residues at positions 33 and 34 may result in an underestimate of the true contributions of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid at these positions. Except for the Tyr(4) mutant, all other beneficial mutations were located on the same surface of the protein, suggesting a possible membrane contact region. An initial screening assay was developed that provided faithful evaluation of mutants in crude mixtures. Overall, the results suggest features of membrane binding by vitamin K-dependent proteins and provide reagents that may prove useful for research and therapy.
A cell-based screening platform for hypoxia-activated prodrugs (2006)

1359 The tumor microenvironment offers a unique target for developing selective anticancer drugs and a key characteristic of it is microregional hypoxia. We developed a sequence of cell-based assays to discover and characterize prodrugs specifically activated in hypoxic cells. We will illustrate this approach with a model compound based on an oxygen sensitive trigger linked to a cytotoxic effector molecule. TH-63 is a 2-nitroimidazole linked to daunorubicin, a potent topoisomerase II inhibitor. The primary screen uses 24 well plates and characterizes cell viability as a function of drug concentrations at selected oxygen concentrations in order to identify compounds that selectively kill hypoxic cells. Results are confirmed using the more stringent clonogenic cell survival assay. Compounds which exhibit the desired potency and selectivity are then advanced to multicellular assays designed to determine both drug penetrability and the ability of the hypoxia-activated drug to diffuse and kill nearby cells. Multilayer cell cultures (MCC’s) are an established model of tumor tissue grown on a solid support to a thickness of 150 to 200μm where diffusion-limited hypoxia develops and drug penetration can be assessed. Compounds are also then tested in multicellular spheroids (at 500μm in diameter) where oxygen gradients develop, creating a model with aerobic and hypoxic compartments. Prodrug activation is measured by clonogenic survival either alone or in combination with a chemotherapeutic drug that only targets the outer aerobic cells of the spheroid. The viability of H460 cells exposed to TH-63 for 2hrs was determined at anoxia (100% N 2 ), intermediate hypoxia (0.6% and 1% O 2 ), and aerobic conditions (10% and 20% O 2 ). There was an 80-fold difference in the IC 50 ’s comparing anoxia to air (0.5μM vs 40μM) indicating hypoxic selectivity. Clonogenic survival confirmed these findings. In addition, TH-63 under anoxia was similar in potency to daunorubicin (IC 90 0.7μM vs 0.4μM) suggesting efficient drug activation. In MCC models where one side is closed off to establish temporarily hypoxic regions, TH-63 was able to penetrate significantly further than daunorubicin. H460 spheroids exposed to TH-63 exhibited increased penetration compared to daunorubicin. Therefore, the combination of daunorubicin (targeting the aerobic cells) with TH-63 (targeting the hypoxic cells) should result in complete cell kill and can be readily tested in the spheroid model. This linked series of in vitro assays identifies candidates for testing in in vivo models of cancer, and clinical assessment for addressing the problem of tumor resistance in patients.
N-Cadherin and Keratinocyte Growth Factor Receptor Mediate the Functional Interplay between Ki<i>-RAS</i><sup><i>G12V</i></sup> and <i>p53</i><sup><i>V143A</i></sup> in Promoting Pancreatic Cell Migration, Invasion, and Tissue Architecture Disruption (2006)

The genetic basis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, which constitutes the most common type of pancreatic malignancy, involves the sequential activation of oncogenes and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Among the pivotal genetic alterations are Ki-RAS oncogene activation and p53 tumor suppressor gene inactivation. We explain that the combination of these genetic events facilitates pancreatic carcinogenesis as revealed in novel three-dimensional cell (spheroid cyst) culture and in vivo subcutaneous and orthotopic xenotransplantation models. N-cadherin, a member of the classic cadherins important in the regulation of cell-cell adhesion, is induced in the presence of Ki-RAS mutation but subsequently downregulated with the acquisition of p53 mutation as revealed by gene microarrays and corroborated by reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting. N-cadherin modulates the capacity of pancreatic ductal cells to migrate and invade, in part via complex formation with keratinocyte growth factor receptor and neural cell adhesion molecule and in part via interaction with p120-catenin. However, modulation of these complexes by Ki-RAS and p53 leads to enhanced cell migration and invasion. This preferentially induces the downstream effector AKT over mitogen-activated protein kinase to execute changes in cellular behavior. Thus, we are able to define molecules that in part are directly affected by Ki-RAS and p53 during pancreatic ductal carcinogenesis, and this provides a platform for potential new molecularly based therapeutic interventions.
NMR studies of nonplanar porphyrins. Part 1. Axial ligand orientations in highly nonplanar porphyrins (1997)

The ligand orientations in the nonplanar porphyrin complexes 1a–e and 2a–e have been investigated using molecular mechanics calculations and proton NMR spectroscopy. The minimum energy structures calculated for complexes 1a–e show that the planes of the axial pyridine or imidazole ligands are orientated approximately parallel to the CoIII–Nporphyrin bonds, with the ligand ring planes being perpendicular to each other. For complexes 2a–e, the planes of the axial ligands in the calculated minimum energy structures are orientated along the porphyrin meso carbon axis and the ligand ring planes are perpendicular to each other. Thus, for both series of complexes the planes of the axial ligands are orientated parallel to cavities formed by these very nonplanar porphyrins. Proton NMR studies suggest that structures similar to those obtained from the molecular mechanics calculations are retained in solution. In some complexes, hindered rotation of the axial ligands is also observed. Complexes 1a–e and 2a–e are unusual examples of the porphyrin conformation influencing the orientations of axial ligands and, as such, may be useful as models for studying ligand orientation effects in relation to biological systems.
Conformational dynamics of charged polymers interacting with charged nanoparticles (2018)

The transition from globular to elongated states of biopolymers in shear flow occurs at a distinct critical shear rate, $\dot{γ}^{*}$. The magnitude of $\dot{γ}^{*}$ depends on the internal potential and the polymer length. For example, the critical shear is much larger for von Willebrand Factor (vWF) compared to DNA. Furthermore, it is shown through computational analysis of vWF (model-vWF) that $\dot{γ}^{*}\sim N^{1/3}$, where N is the number of dimeric units in the vWF. In this study, we show that in the presence of charged nanoparticles (CNP) and polymer, the critical shear rate scales differently depending on the polymer length and the charge-strength of the CNP. It is shown that CNP alter the conformational dynamics of polymers under shear flow when the polymer beads have an opposite charge. The introduction of CNP shifts the critical shear rate and alters the scaling. Furthermore, it is shown that the critical zeta potential of CNP, $ζ^{*}$, scales linearly with shear rate, and scales cubically with ratio $β$ between final CNP-polymer composite size and original polymer size, that is $ζ^{*}\sim \dot{γ}β^{-3}$.
Flexible body dynamics of the goldfish C-start: implications for reticulospinal command mechanisms (1988)

As a model for learning how reticulospinal networks coordinate movement, we have analyzed the function of the Mauthner (M-) neurons in the escape response of the goldfish. We used water displacements of 3-6 micron to elicit C-start escape responses. These responses consist of 2 fundamental movements that grade into each other: Stage 1 lasts 15-40 msec and rotates the body 30 degrees-100 degrees about the center of mass; stage 2 is an axial acceleration that moves the center of mass 2-6 cm. Combined, the 2 stages result in trajectory turns ranging from 15 degrees to 135 degrees. Thus, these data show that M-initiated C-starts are not fixed movement patterns. The durations of stage 1 body muscle EMGs were correlated with turn angles achieved during stage 1. Since variable stage 1 EMGs are not seen when the M-cell is triggered by itself, other circuits, independent of the M-cell, must control the extent of the initial turn, and consequently escape trajectory. Furthermore, turning angles of stages 1 and 2 were correlated, allowing escape trajectory to be predicted, on average, 26 msec after movement started. This suggests that the commands for escape trajectory should be organized by the end of stage 1. In concert with this, the time of onset of the stage 2 EMG preceded the stage 2 onset by a range with a mean of 28.4 msec, typically putting the stage 2 command at the beginning of stage 1 movement. Thus, stage 2 initiation does not require motion-dependent feedback. Our findings indicate that the Mauthner cell initiates the first of a series of motor commands that establish the initial left-right decision of the escape sequence from the side of the stimulus, whereas parallel circuits simultaneously organize the command controlling the escape angle.
Structures of Complete RNA Polymerase II and Its Subcomplex, Rpb4/7 (2005)

We determined the x-ray structure of the RNA polymerase (Pol) II subcomplex Rpb4/7 at 2.3 A resolution, combined it with a previous structure of the 10-subunit polymerase core, and refined an atomic model of the complete 12-subunit Pol II at 3.8-A resolution. Comparison of the complete Pol II structure with structures of the Pol II core and free Rpb4/7 shows that the core-Rpb4/7 interaction goes along with formation of an alpha-helix in the linker region of the largest Pol II subunit and with folding of the conserved Rpb7 tip loop. Details of the core-Rpb4/7 interface explain facilitated Rpb4/7 dissociation in a temperature-sensitive Pol II mutant and specific assembly of Pol I with its Rpb4/7 counterpart, A43/14. The refined atomic model of Pol II serves as the new reference structure for analysis of the transcription mechanism and enables structure solution of complexes of the complete enzyme with additional factors and nucleic acids by molecular replacement.
Spasmolytic Effect of the NK2-Receptor-Selective Antagonist MEN 10,627 in Rat Small Intestine. (1994)

The effect of activation of tachykinin NK2-receptors on gastrointestinal propulsion was studied in vivo in conscious rats. The selective NK2-receptor agonist [beta Ala8]NKA-(4-10) produced an atropine-resistant specific increase of the small intestinal transit measured by the charcoal method. This effect was restricted to the small intestine since gastric emptying was not affected by [beta Ala8]NKA-(4-10). The newly developed polycyclic peptide NK2-receptor antagonist MEN 10,627 produced a dose-dependent inhibition of this stimulated transit. The spasmolytic effect of MEN 10,627 was highly selective because it did not affect stimulated intestinal transit induced by equieffective doses of carbachol and reserpine. These findings indicate that MEN 10,627 is a valuable tool for assessing the role of NK2-receptors in intestinal propulsive activity.
Design integration of a 200 kW GTO RDCL converter (2002)

The authors investigate electrical, mechanical, and thermal limitations of device application and resonant circuit design as higher output power and higher switching frequencies are simultaneously pursued in passive clamp resonant DC link (RDCL) converters. The impact of these limitations on resonant component selection, resonant inductor design, clamp transformer design, and resonant bus power distribution at these higher power levels and frequencies is discussed. Resonant circuit design methodology to select the resonant components is formulated, based primarily on device electrical and thermal constraints. A clamp transformer designed for ultra-low leakage reactance to control the peak resonant bus voltage magnitude and minimize clamp voltage oscillations is discussed. It utilizes a distributed coaxial winding in an integrated magnetic assembly that combines the resonant inductor and clamp transformer functions into one common core. A total mechanical package assembly that integrated the distributed electrical, mechanical, and thermal models was implemented for a 600 VDC 200 kW RDCL prototype operating GTO (gate turn-off thyristor) devices at 20 kHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of B Virus (<i>Macacine herpesvirus</i>1) by Conventional and Experimental Antiviral Compounds (2009)

B virus infection of humans results in high morbidity and mortality in as many as 80% of identified cases. The main objective of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of conventional and experimental antiviral drug susceptibilities of B virus isolates from multiple macaque species and zoonotically infected humans. We used a plaque reduction assay to establish the effective inhibitory doses of acyclovir, ganciclovir, and vidarabine, as well as those of a group of experimental nucleoside analogs with known anti-herpes simplex virus activity. Four of the experimental drugs tested were 10- to 100-fold more potent inhibitors of B virus replication than conventional antiviral agents. Drug efficacies were similar for multiple B virus isolates tested, with variations within 2-fold of the median effective concentration (EC(50)) for each drug, and each EC(50) was considerably lower than those for B virus thymidine kinase (TK) mutants. We observed no differences in the viral TK amino acid sequence between B virus isolates from rhesus monkeys and those from human zoonoses. Differences in the TK protein sequence between cynomolgus and pigtail macaque B virus isolates did not affect drug sensitivity except in the case of one compound. Taken together, these data suggest that future B virus zoonoses will respond consistently to conventional antiviral treatment. Further, the considerably higher potency of FEAU (2'-fluoro-5-ethyl-Ara-U) than of conventional antiviral drugs argues for its compassionate use in advanced human B virus infections.
Preparation, Characterization and Catalytic Activity of Nickel Molybdate NiMoO<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles (2018)

Nickel molybdate, NiMoO4, nanoparticles were synthesized via calcination of an oxalate complex in static air at 500 &deg;C. The oxalate complex was analyzed by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The as-synthesized nickel molybdate was characterized by Brunauer&ndash;Emmett&ndash;Teller&nbsp;technique (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and its catalytic efficiency was tested in the reduction reaction of the three-nitrophenol isomers. The nickel molybdate displays a very high activity in the catalytic reduction of the nitro functional group to an amino. The reduction progress was controlled using UV-Vis absorption.
Study of the GEM detector performance in BM@N experiment (2018)

BM@N is the fixed target experiment at the accelerator complex NICA-Nuclotron aimed to study nuclear matter in the relativistic heavy ion collisions. Triple-GEM detectors were identified as appropriate for the BM@N tracking system located inside the analyzing magnet. Seven GEM chambers are integrated into the BM@N experimental setup and data acquisition system. GEM construction, main characteristics and first obtained results of the GEM tracking system performance in the technical run with the deuteron beam are shortly reviewed.
Optimal clustering for efficient computations of contingency effects in large regional power systems (2012)

The goal of this paper is to determine optimal clustering in large power networks for efficient contingency screening. A decentralized algorithm for “DC” contingency screening based on Diakoptics is revisited first. It has been shown that this algorithm is much more computationally efficient compared to the existing Distribution Factor Matrix methods for a pre-specified clustering. This paper will address how to establish the best clustering and quantify how much more efficient that clustering is compared to a pre-specified one. The optimality is defined in terms of computational complexity and necessary communication among the clusters. The optimal clustering requires the minimum balanced computational effort across the clusters with the minimum amount of information exchange. Optimal clustering will be illustrated on a sparsely connected RTS-96 bus system and a densely connected NPCC 36-bus system.
Determination of Water Vapor in a Small Air Sample by a Nondispersive Infrared Gas Analyzer (1997)

A portable, nondispersive infrared (NDIR) gas analyzer was modified to measure the concentration of CO 2 and water vapor in small gas samples. A 2-mL gas sample was taken from a series of sealed flasks partially filled with a saturated solution of chemicals known to produce various levels of relative humidity (RH). The modified NDIR instrument quantified water vapor content by its absorption at 2.59 μm. Peak height was displayed on a strip chart recorder and a standard curve constructed. At a specific temperature, the vapor pressure (VP) and vapor pressure difference (VPD) were calculated for sweet pepper ( Capsicum annuum L., cv. Mazurka) fruit packed in trays that were covered with plastic films having several levels of perforations. Water loss from the fruit was highly correlated with VPD inside the packages. The modified NDIR instrument has an advantage over other instruments used to measure RH because it can rapidly and simultaneously determine the concentration of water vapor and CO 2 in a single injection of a small gas sample.
Potential of RbTiOPO4 for second harmonic generation of Yb-based lasers (poster) (2013)

International audience
Stage I of a phase 2 study assessing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of barasertib (AZD1152) versus low‐dose cytosine arabinoside in elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2013)

Barasertib produced a significant improvement in the OCRR versus LDAC and had a more toxic but manageable safety profile, consistent with previous studies.