gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
METHYLMALONIC ACIDEMIA <i>A Disorder Associated with Acidosis, Hyperglycinemia, and Hyperlactatemia</i> (1968)

Summary The clinical and biochemical features of a case of methylmalonic acidemia, a newly described inborn error of metabolism, are reported. The cardinal feature was chronic metabolic acidosis which was controlled by restriction of the protein intake. Periodically, exacerbations with vomiting, dehydration, lethargy, coma, and even peripheral circulatory failure have appeared. The crisis have been induced by trivial acute infections and by overloading with protein. Mild symptoms appeared in the neonatal period, crises after an age of 4 months. When the protein intake was high, there was marked muscular hypotonia, developmental retardation, and neutropenia. When acidosis was controlled by protein restriction and treatment with bicarbonate the baby made marked progress. At 23/12 years of age the development was normal. The patient excreted large amounts of methylmalonic acid in the urine and the blood level was elevated. Other biochemical abnormalities were hyperglycinemia, hyperglycinuria, and hyperlactatemia. The hypothesis that the basic metabolic defect in methylmalonic acidemia and the ketotic type of hyperglycinemia is the same is discussed, as are the similarities between methylmalonic acidemia and infantile lactic acidosis.
Image- and Video-Based Rendering (2015)

The purpose of imageand video-based rendering (IVBR) is to be able to synthesize photo-realistic new, virtual views of real-world scenes and events from no more than a set of conventional photographs or videos of the scene. Purely image-based, or plenoptic, approaches densely sample scene appearance using a large number of images, Sections 17.2 and 5.3. New views are generated by simply re-sampling the captured image data. In contrast, geometry-assisted methods require much less input images. Here, 3D scene geometry is either a-priori known, reconstructed from the captured imagery, or acquired separately by some other means, e.g., ranging imaging, Chapter 4. With (approximate) scene geometry available, views
Secure Watermarking in Fractional Wavelet Domains (2007)

This paper proposes a novel technique for securing and preventing the misuse of images by digital image watermarking. The technique is based on a hybrid approach employing the Wavelet Transform (WT), and the Fractional Fourier transform (FRT) termed as the Fractional Wavelet Transform (FWT). We present experimental evidence to establish the advantages of this scheme over other watermarking schemes when subject to attacks such as noise and compression.
Photo-inactivation of viruses in therapeutical plasma. (1993)

Photodynamic virus inactivation of human fresh plasma is achieved by illuminating single units of plasma in their plastic containers with light from fluorescent tubes in the presence of the phenothiazine dye methylene blue. The effective dye concentration is 1 microM, i.e. approx. 300 micrograms per litre of plasma. Under the conditions used, all enveloped viruses tested so far have been sensitive to photodynamic treatment, although some had to be illuminated for a longer time than others. For example, under production conditions the infectivity of SFV-containing plasma was reduced by more than 7 log10 within five minutes, whereas 30 minutes were required to reduce the infectivity of plasma containing VSV by c. 5 log10. Among the non-enveloped viruses tested some were sensitive to photodynamic treatment (e.g. SV40 and calicivirus) and some were not (e.g. encephalomyocarditis and polioviruses). Using the optimized procedure, plasma proteins remain largely unaffected. Photodynamically treated fresh frozen plasma (FFP) has been routinely produced and distributed since February 1992. Requested reporting of adverse drug reactions indicates that the virus inactivated product is a well tolerated as conventional FFP.
Development and implementation of a computer-generated reminder system for diabetes preventive care. (1994)

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition with several late complications that can be delayed or avoided through proper preventive health care. Although practice guidelines have been established to improve the preventive care in diabetics, dissemination of these guidelines among physicians and educational programs have been only moderately successful in changing physicians' practice patterns. Previous efforts, however, did not utilize computer-generated reminders. We developed a system of computer-generated reminders for diabetic preventive care. We completed an implementation of the system in the outpatient clinics of internal medicine residents at our institution. This paper describes the development and implementation of this system. Our results showed that the system flagged an average of 13 items that deviated from diabetes guideline compliance, out of a possible 21 items per patient. The residents completed encounter forms used by the system for 37% of patients seen during a six month period. Physician users exhibited positive attitudes toward the use of guidelines which they judged improved quality at no additional cost of care. However, the complexity and length of the guideline encounter forms and the additional time demands proved to be significant obstacles to current routine use. Our experience will help to improve the system so that it is more usable and acceptable to physicians, especially in the future as health care increasingly makes use of electronic medical record systems.
P3‐146: Diet, neuroimaging biomarkers and Alzheimer's disease: Data from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle Study of Ageing (2012)

The focus of the current research climate is shifting from understanding the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its diagnosis to primary prevention and intervention strategies. Early detection combined with intervention strategies could reduce disease effects. Diet represents one potential intervention strategy accessible to all. The Mediterranean diet (MeDi), due to its correlation with a low morbidity and mortality for many chronic diseases, has been widely recognised as a healthy eating model. In fact, recent reports suggest that adherence to the MeDi may affect not only the risk of AD, but also of pre-dementia syndromes and their progression to overt dementia. However, the investigation of dietary factors, AD risk and disease course, is a relatively young field of research and there is a critical need for data collected from a well-characterised ageing cohort. Our work reports data collected from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Study of Ageing,. the Cancer Council of Victoria Food Frequency Questionnaire (CCV FFQ) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Food Frequency Questionnaire (CSIRO FFQ) were used to evaluate the intake of foods and beverages including components reported as potentially beneficial for AD and cognition.These measures were then analysed in conjunction with Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PiB-PET), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), blood biomarker, and cognitive data collected from the participants. Our findings suggest that in an Australian population, MeDi is associated with a protective effect. Furthermore, for the first time, we demonstrate a strong association between MeDi adherence and neuroimaging biomarkers of AD. To our knowledge, this represents the most comprehensive study of its kind, and the first to assess the relationship between diet and neuroimaging biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.
Exceptionally High Ionic Conductivity in Na<sub>3</sub>P<sub>0.62</sub>As<sub>0.38</sub>S<sub>4</sub> with Improved Moisture Stability for Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2017)

A Na-ion solid-state electrolyte, Na<sub>3</sub> P<sub>0.62</sub> As<sub>0.38</sub> S<sub>4</sub> , is developed with an exceptionally high conductivity of 1.46 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> at 25 °C and enhanced moisture stability. Dual effects of alloying element As (lattice expansion and a weaker AsS bond strength) are responsible for the superior conductivity. Improved moisture stability is regulated by shifting low-energy moisture reactions to high-energy ones due to As.
Countermeasures for long-term space flights, lessons learned from the Russian space program. (2002)

Physical exercises (PE) constitute the most important part of the Russian countermeasure system which is proved to be highly successful in fighting negative effects of weightlessness on the physiological systems of the body. To control the intensity and volume of the workload and also specific features of the regimens used by cosmonauts during SF there were provided monthly 3-days recordings of cosmonaut training sessions with the subsequent downlinking of the obtained information to the ground control center. Additionally once a month cosmonauts performed a fitness test that was composed of 11 minutes of locomotion on the passive treadmill including slow, middle range and maximal running. The results of 3-days recordings and fitness test allowed to evaluate correctly effectiveness of PE protocols used by cosmonauts and to form recommendations for their corrections. The effectiveness of the onboard exercise program after SF was evaluated based on results of detailed studies of alterations that were recorded in different parts of sensory-motor system.
Logic circuits using resonant-tunneling hot electron transistors (RHETs) (2002)

A full adder and 1/2 frequency divider using resonant-tunneling hot electron transistors (RHETs) have been proposed and demonstrated. These circuits make the best use of negative differential conductance, a feature of RHETs, and contain fewer transistors than used in conventional circuits. The RHETs were fabricated using self-aligned InGaAs RHETs and WSiN thin-film resistors on a single chip. The RHETs have an i-InGaAlAs/i-InGaAs collector barrier that improves the current gain at low collector-base voltages. Circuit operation was confirmed at 77 K.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Homeopathic Ligand-Free Palladium as a Catalyst in the Heck Reaction. A Comparison with a Palladacycle (2003)

[reaction: see text] Ligand-free Pd(OAc)(2) can be used as a catalyst in the Heck reaction of aryl bromides as long as the amount of catalyst is kept between 0.01 and 0.1 mol %. At higher concentrations palladium black forms and the reaction stops. The actual catalyst is monomeric. Palladacycles merely serve as a source of ligand-free palladium in Heck reactions of aryl bromides.
Immune Evasion by Tickborne and Host‐Adapted<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (1998)

Immune sera from mice infected with the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, have strong biologic activity against spirochetes cultured in vitro. Recent studies with rodents and ticks infected with B. burgdorferi indicate that spirochetes undergo major changes in protein expression as they adapt to the diverse environments encountered by a vectorborne pathogen. The purpose of this study was to explore the susceptibility of three different adaptive forms of B. burgdorferi (in vitro cultured, host-derived, and tickborne) to immune sera. Passive transfer of immune sera protected mice when they were challenged with spirochetes cultured in vitro. Immune sera did not protect mice from tickborne spirochetes or spirochetes derived from infected mice. These results indicate that spirochetes that have adapted within either the feeding tick or host are relatively invulnerable to the protective effects of immune sera, unlike spirochetes grown in vitro, which are highly susceptible.
AV-band MMIC Self Oscillating MixerActive Integrated Antenna Using aPush-Pull Patch Antenna (2006)

Inthispaper, av-bandMMIC self oscillating mixeractive integrated antenna using apush-pull patchantenna ispresented. TheSOM AIA isbasedonthecoupled active parallel feedback oscillator. Byusing apush-pull patchantenna, theisolation betweenbalanced RF inputandin-phase local oscillation isestablished. Furthermore, since thepush-pull patch antenna hasverylowradiation efficiency fortheinphasesignal injection, theLO radiation wasefriciently suppressed. Thecircuit isfabricated using the0.15gm pHEMT process on100gmthick GaAssubstrate. Thelocal oscillation frequency is58.46GHz. The LO radiation level ismeasured tobelowerthan-50dBmat distance oflcm.Thecircuit showsabout-18.9dB effective isotropic conversion gainat1.54GHz IF. IndexTerms MMIC, active integrated antenna, self oscillating mixer
Controlled Low‐Temperature Vacuum Dehydration–A New Approach for Low‐Temperature and Low‐Pressure Food Drying (1989)

ABSTRACT The processes of freeze‐drying, vacuum drying and controlled low‐temperature vacuum dehydration (CLTV) were used to dry clam paste and a gelatin‐microcrystalline cellulose model food system. CLTV was carried out as cold as possible without freezing the product. Much less drying time was required for CLTV and vacuum drying than for freeze‐drying. The mass transfer resistance for both freeze‐drying and CLTV was less than that of vacuum drying. Functional properties were closer to those of freeze‐drying than to vacuum drying. CLTV versus freeze‐drying showed a 30% reduction in enthalpy change and 40% reduction in running cost. Microbiological analysis, used to monitor the safety of processing clam paste, showed that the process was satisfactory relative to common parameters.
Evidence against an acyl-enzyme intermediate in the reaction catalyzed by clostridial phosphotransacetylase (1976)

Clostridial phosphotransacetylase catalyzes acyl group transfer between coenzyme A (CoA) and inorganic phosphate and also the arsenolysis of acetyl-coenzyme A (AcCoA) to yield acetate and CoA-SH. The enzyme mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis corresponds to a molecular weight of 70 000. Kinetics of both forward and reverse reactions are of the ternary type as previously reported and product inhibition data are consistent with a random binding scheme. One essential sulfhydryl group per 70 000 daltons was inactivated in a pseudo-first-order process by either N-ethylmaleimide or 5,5'-dithiobis (nitrobenzoic acid). Reduction of the rate of this inactivation by 50% in the presence of AcCoA or acetyl phosphate concentrations near their kinetic K values demonstrates binding of these acyl donors in simple enzyme-substrate complexes. Moreover, pulse-chase experiments show these binary complexes to be functional and also show that they do not dissociate rapidly compared with their rates of catalytic turnover. Incubation of the enzyme with 14C-labeled acyl donors failed to produce labeled protein after passage through Sephadex. This was true despite efforts to mimic "substrate synergism" with desulfo-CoA or to compensate for unfavorable equilibria by means of CoA traps. Very slow isotope exchange reactions of 32Pi into acetyl phosphate and [3H]CoA into AcCoA were at first observed. As in the cases of several other enzymes recently reexamined, these were shown on careful inspection to be artifacts of contamination by second substrates. Attempts to detect exchange reactions between acetyl phosphate and Pi, even in the presence of the CoA analogue, desulfo-CoA, were also unsuccessful. Therefore, no evidence for an acyl-enzyme could be detected. Furthermore, our data allow us to develop arguments which, we believe, indicate that an acyl-enzyme intermediate is extremely improbable in the reaction catalyzed by phosphotransacetylase.
RHABDOVIRUSES AND APOPTOSIS (2003)

Viral-induced apoptosis is recognized as a common method utilized by viruses to overcome the host. Recent evidence indicates that infection by rhabdoviruses such as vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV), and rabies virus results in apoptotic cell death. Similar morphological changes and host cell proteins are induced in cells infected with these different viruses; however, the viral proteins responsible for these changes vary. In addition, the molecular mechanism(s) utilized by these viruses to induce apoptosis are on the brink of discovery. This article serves to summarize our current understanding of the apoptotic process during rhabdovirus infection and to illustrate forthcoming areas of study in the field
Microencapsulation macromoléculaire d'un agent antituberculeux hydrophobe, la clofazimine, par piégeage physique à l'aide d'un système polyélectrolyte amphiphile biorésorbable (2005)

La clofazimine, une base faible lipophile active contre la tuberculose, n'est pas utilisee a cause de ses effets secondaires (digestifs et coloration cutanee). La prevention de ces effets par la microencapsulation moleculaire, solubilisation de molecules hydrophobes dans des polymeres synthetiques amphiphiles, a ete etudiee. Un polymere non-degradable, le poly(methylvinylether-alt-anhydride maleique), et des derives degradables du poly(-acide malique) (PMLA) sont utilise��s. L'alcool dodecylique esterifie partiellement les groupes carboxyliques de ces polyanions. Les preparations hydrophobisees solubilisent des molecules lipophiles. Cependant, etant ionisee, la clofazimine s'associe en plus grande quantite au polyanion, ce qui permet l'administration de doses therapeutiques avec peu de polymere. Les preparations basees sur deux derives dodecyles du PMLA sont actives sur des souris infectees par des mycobacteries apres injection parenterale
A Sensitive and Reproducible Analytical Method to Measure Fructooligosaccharides in Food Products (1999)

Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (DP5) (Actilight®, Nutraflora®) are undigestible oligosaccharides industrially produced from sucrose. A recent survey (1) was conducted to get the views of professionals in the field concerning the definition of dietary fibers (DF). The majority felt that the definition of DF should be revised to include oligosaccharides which are resistant to hydrolysis by the alimentary tract. The AOAC DF analytical method does not measure short-chain fructooligosaccharides (FOS) because of their ethanol/water mixture solubility.
Local and global measures of shape dynamics (2011)

The shape and motion of cells can yield significant insights into the internal operation of a cell. We present a simple, yet versatile, framework that provides multiple metrics of cell shape and cell shape dynamics. Analysis of migrating Dictyostelium discoideum cells shows that global and local metrics highlight distinct cellular processes. For example, a global measure of shape shows rhythmic oscillations suggestive of contractions, whereas a local measure of shape shows wave-like dynamics indicative of protrusions. From a local measure of dynamic shape, or boundary motion, we extract the times and locations of protrusions and retractions. We find that protrusions zigzag, while retractions remain roughly stationary along the boundary. We do not observe any temporal relationship between protrusions and retractions. Our analysis framework also provides metrics of the boundary as whole. For example, as the cell speed increases, we find that the cell shape becomes more elongated. We also observe that while extensions and retractions have similar areas, their shapes differ.
Plant Diseases: Their Biology and Social Impact. 1991. By Gail L. Schumann. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota. 397 pp. $45.00, hardbound. (1991)

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A novel approach to high frequency diffraction from curved, perfectly conducting cylinders (2002)

Discusses diffraction from singly curved surfaces. Diffracted fields can be defined as a correction to those generated by physical optics (PO). These diffracted fields are generated by events local to the shadow boundary of the curved surface therefore knowledge of local radius of curvature at the shadow boundary will give accurate diffracted fields for any arbitrarily shaped curved surface. Knowledge of surface currents allows for the prediction of fields everywhere outside of the curved body. Once the diffraction currents, exact surface current minus PO current, are known total fields can be generated for any arbitrarily shaped, singly curved surface by adding simple PO currents to the diffracted current. To predict these currents a macromodel of the surface diffraction currents, due to plane wave excitation, for the perfect electric conducting (PEC) case is developed. These diffraction currents are from the exact eigensolution for circular cylinders at oblique incidence. Approximate algebraic, expressions, based on the high frequency behavior of the surface fields, are generated by a curve fit to match the exact diffraction current. Expressions are macromodeled for both the TE and TM case and the formulations were split into two regions: (1) 1/spl lambda/</spl alpha/<20/spl lambda/, and 2) 15/spl lambda/</spl alpha/. The curve fit was performed for cylinders up to /spl alpha/=200/spl lambda/, where /spl alpha/ is the cylinder radius, and the macromodeled current was validated up to /spl alpha/=400/spl lambda/ by a comparison with the eigensolution distributions.
Variations and correlations within and between morphology, pathogenicity, and pectolytic enzyme activity in <i>Sclerotinia</i> from Saskatchewan (1972)

One hundred and fourteen isolates of Sclerotinia from 23 different hosts in many parts of Saskatchewan were grouped, according to their morphology, on minimal medium. Two types of seedling pathogenicity tests on six host species were conducted on at least one isolate from each morphological group and one from each host species. A total of 38 isolates was tested. Assays for pectolytic enzyme activities of the same 38 isolates were done using a defined medium, and Swede turnip and carrot tissue as substrates. Polygalacturonase, pectin transeliminase, and pectin methylesterase were all tested. The results showed that an endopolygalacturonase was probably the most prevalent enzyme. Some isolates also produced exopolygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase, but pectin transeliminase was never detected. There was no correlation between pathogenicity of the isolates and their enzyme activities in vitro or in vivo, suggesting that pectolytic enzymes are not responsible alone for pathogenicity. Agglomerative classification was used to demonstrate relationships between the isolates. However, the isolates did not fall into discrete groups based on morphological, pathological, physiological, or even combined characteristics. Neither were there clear host or geographic associations. This continuous variation rather than a segregated population is consistent with Purdy's "broader concept of the species S. sclerotiorum."
New findings in nano-scale interface physics and their relations to nano-CMOS technologies (2006)

We show the new findings in nano-scale interface physics and atomistic beheviors of defects in gate dielectric materials. In this paper, we first discuss the relation between defect behaviors and transistor characteristics. Next, we introduce our newly prosed mechanism of Fermi level pinning governed by the interface reaction. Further, we show that conventional charge neutrality level concept does not applicable to metal/high-k dielectric interfaces, and we propose a generalized charge neutrality level concept that includes both nano-scale interface structures and metal band structures. Finally, we discuss the atomistic investigation on the characteristics of conventional Si/SiO2 nano interfaces