gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central Nervous System Action of TRH to Influence Gastrointestinal Function and Ulceration (1989)

There is clear evidence in rats that TRH acts in the brain to stimulate gastric acid, pepsin, and serotonin secretion, mucosal blood flow, contractility, emptying, and ulceration through activation of parasympathetic outflow to the stomach (TABLE 3). A number of TRH analogues, including some devoid of TSH-releasing activity, mimic the effects of TRH. The most sensitive TRH sites of action to elicit gastric acid secretion and motility are located in the dorsal vagal complex and include the dorsal vagal, nucleus tractus solitarius, and nucleus ambiguus. The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most responsive visceral systems to the central effects of TRH, because doses in the range of 1-10 pmol in the dorsal vagal complex stimulate gastric function, whereas stimulation of cardiovascular and respiratory function on microinjection of the brainstem nuclei requires higher doses. Although fewer investigations have been carried out in other species, evidence from the available data clearly indicates that TRH acts in the brain to increase gastric secretion and motility in the rabbit, sheep, and cat. Lack of stimulation of gastric acid secretion after third ventricle injection in the dog may be related to species difference or to rapid degradation of the peptide before it reaches its site of action. TRH acts centrally to stimulate gastric function and also intestinal secretion, motility, and transit as reported mostly in rabbits (TABLE 3). TRH produces enteropooling and release of serotonin in portal blood, increases duodenal and intestinal contractility and colonic transit, and elicits diarrhea. All these effects were shown to be vagally mediated. Stimulation of intestinal motility and transit by central injection of TRH has been observed in rats and sheep. The biological activity of centrally injected TRH is well correlated with the presence of TRH immunoreactivity and receptors in the dorsal vagal complex containing afferent and efferent connections to the stomach. Moreover, endogenous release of brain TRH in rats mimics the stimulatory effect of centrally injected TRH on gastric function. Although the lack of a specific TRH antagonist has hampered assessment of the physiological role of TRH, converging neuropharmacological, neuroanatomical, and physiological findings support the concept that TRH in the dorsal vagal complex may play a physiological role in the vagal regulation of gastrointestinal function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Crossing the Interspecies Barrier: Opening the Door to Zoonotic Pathogens (2014)

The number of pathogens known to infect humans is ever increasing. Whether such increase reflects improved surveillance and detection or actual emergence of novel pathogens is unclear. Nonetheless, infectious diseases are the second leading cause of human mortality and disability-adjusted life years lost worldwide [1,2]. On average, three to four new pathogen species are detected in the human population every year [3]. Most of these emerging pathogens originate from nonhuman animal species. Zoonotic pathogens represent approximately 60% of all known pathogens able to infect humans [4]. Their occurrence in humans relies on the human-animal interface, defined as the continuum of contacts between humans and animals, their environments, or their products. The human-animal interface has existed since the first footsteps of the human species and its hominin ancestors 6–7 million years ago, promoting the prehistoric emergence of now wellestablished human pathogens [5]. These presumably include pathogens with roles in the origin of chronic diseases, such as human T-lymphotropic viruses and Helicobacter pylori, as well as pathogens causing major crowd diseases, such as the smallpox and measles viruses and Bordetella pertussis [5,6]. Since prehistory, the humananimal interface has continued to evolve and expand, ever allowing new pathogens to access the human host and cross species barriers [5].
Entkopplung von Mehrgrößensystemen durch quadratisch optimale Regelung / Decoupling multivariable systems by quadratic optimal controi (1975)

Article Entkopplung von Mehrgrößensystemen durch quadratisch optimale Regelung / Decoupling multivariable systems by quadratic optimal controi was published on December 1, 1975 in the journal at - Automatisierungstechnik (volume 23, issue 1-12).
Targeted Delivery of Amphotericin B to Cells by Using Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Tasty tubes: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with fluorescein isothiocyanate and amphotericin B (AmB) have been shown to be rapidly internalized by mammalian cells (see picture) without the toxic effects typically displayed upon treatment with AmB. Furthermore, the modified drug exhibits a higher antifungal activity than native AmB.
Intermittent Alkali Flooding in Vertical Carbonate Reservoirs (2009)

Abstract Intermittent alkali flooding can significantly enhance oil recovery in oil-wet carbonate reservoirs. The method basically acts in two ways, by reducing the interfacial tension between the reservoir fluids and by reversing the wettability to a more favorable condition. However, the reversal of wettability requires aging time to reach the equilibrium. An intermittent or a pausing period is then adopted for the proposed alkali flooding process to let the surface reaching the maximum favorable wettability. As the injected fluid is paused during the flood process, vertical or inclined reservoirs are more suitable for this combination because the water tongue effect does not cause an early breakthrough. Laboratory results show that one-week-intermittent alkali flooding in homogeneous carbonate rock yields greater oil recovery, about 10 percent larger than conventional continuous alkali flooding in a proper range of injected alkali concentration. Low alkali concentration causes quick alkali depletion as time increases, while high alkali concentration causes pore plugging by in-situ precipitation of insoluble soap. The alkalinity of injected fluid should be kept as high as possible. Therefore, a strong alkali such as sodium hydroxide is recommended. High acid concentration in crude drives in-situ saponification frontward; hence, alkali concentration range should be carefully studied. Normally, high initial water saturation prevents the system from alkali accumulation and, as a consequence, insoluble soap precipitation is less concerned. Fractured carbonate reservoirs are probably the most suitable candidates for the application of this technique, since aging time would allow alkali to diffuse to, and reverse the wettability of the inaccessible and unswept zones. The proposed technique seems very effective to increase the ultimate oil recovery in oil-wet carbonate reservoir. The drawbacks seem acceptable and the expected results are promising.
Multiple Phase Level Computer-Generated Holograms Etched In Fused Silica (1989)

We present a new approach for fabricating multiple phase level holographic optical elements in fused silica. The approach utilizes electron-beam lithography, and it is particularly applicable for devices with minimum feature sizes below 1 μm. We have succeeded in fabricating arrays of multiple phase level optical elements with minimum features of 0.4 μm. We also report on the diffraction efficiencies of cylindrical f/1 lenses with 3 mm focal lengths. The results agree very well with the theoretical predictions. We also predict that an increase in diffraction efficiency of as much as 10 % can be realized from the outer portions of a holographic lens through better registration of the multiple layers.
Immunization with a heat-killed preparation of the environmental bacterium <i>Mycobacterium vaccae</i> promotes stress resilience in mice (2016)

The prevalence of inflammatory diseases is increasing in modern urban societies. Inflammation increases risk of stress-related pathology; consequently, immunoregulatory or antiinflammatory approaches may protect against negative stress-related outcomes. We show that stress disrupts the homeostatic relationship between the microbiota and the host, resulting in exaggerated inflammation. Repeated immunization with a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae, an immunoregulatory environmental microorganism, reduced subordinate, flight, and avoiding behavioral responses to a dominant aggressor in a murine model of chronic psychosocial stress when tested 1-2 wk following the final immunization. Furthermore, immunization with M. vaccae prevented stress-induced spontaneous colitis and, in stressed mice, induced anxiolytic or fear-reducing effects as measured on the elevated plus-maze, despite stress-induced gut microbiota changes characteristic of gut infection and colitis. Immunization with M. vaccae also prevented stress-induced aggravation of colitis in a model of inflammatory bowel disease. Depletion of regulatory T cells negated protective effects of immunization with M. vaccae on stress-induced colitis and anxiety-like or fear behaviors. These data provide a framework for developing microbiome- and immunoregulation-based strategies for prevention of stress-related pathologies.
Multi-channel EEG based Neonatal Seizure Detection (2006)

A multi-channel method for patient specific and patient independent, EEG based neonatal seizure detection is presented. Two classifier configurations are proposed and tested, along with a number of classifier models. Existing methods for neonatal seizure detection have been empirical threshold based or based on a single EEG channel. The optimum patient specific classifier for EEG based neonatal seizure detection was found to be an Early Integration configuration employing a linear discriminant classifier model. This yielded a mean classification accuracy of 74.66% for 11 neonatal records. The optimum patient independent classifier was an Early Integration configuration with a linear discriminant classifier model giving a mean accuracy of 72.81%
ChemInform Abstract: “Diversity Oriented Synthesis” of Functionalized Chiral Tetrahydropyridines: Potential GABA Receptor Agonists and Azasugars from Natural Amino Acids via a Sequential Baylis—Hillman Reaction and RCM Protocol. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inferring non-linear causality with an application to the steady-state response from MEG (2008)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Mechanical changes of electron beam irradiated ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film (I) (1992)

Abstract Electron beam irradiation of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film results in a marked depression of sorption of flavour compounds. This effect is presumed to be brought about by radical reactions, following changes in the structure. The crosslinking density and gel fraction increased with irradiation dose, and the maximum percent gel reached 70% for 20 Mrad‐50g kg −1 EVA film, 35% for 20 Mrad‐95g kg −1 EVA film and 50% for 10 Mrad‐150g kg −1 EVA film. In calculating the ratio of scission to crosslinking events, it was found that EVA film is a polymer of the scission type. The degree of crystallinity, X c decreased significantly with increasing irradiation dose in all irradiated films. For unirradiated films, X c decreased with increase in vinyl acetate content, which suggests that crystalline regions of EVA film are primarily composed of ethylene units. Therefore, the scission reaction may predominantly take place in the crystalline region, resulting in the formation of methyl or end vinyl groups. This was supported by measuring the film density, peak melting temperature and stress at yield.
Construction and Calibration of an Improved Bone Conduction Receiver for Audiometry (1947)

The construction of an acoustically shielded bone conduction unit is described. The masses and springs have been proportioned for optimum purity of wave form at low frequency, and for extension of the high frequency range to over 12,000 cycles. The precautions taken in preparing an acoustical loudness-balance calibration are described, and the reproducibility of observations is considered. Methods of specifying the response of production units are shown.
2216 Contact Stress and Tooth Bearing of Worm Gears with Modified Tooth (2006)

A simplified method to analyze meshing of worm gears with modified tooth surfaces is proposed. The contact patterns and contact stresses are calculated using the previously developed program for helical gears by replacing meshing of the worm gears to that of the helical gears. The usefulness of the method was confirmed by the tooth bearing tests.
Duplication of 7q34 is specific to juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas and a hallmark of cerebellar and optic pathway tumours (2009)

Our results suggest that variants of JPA might arise from a unique site-restricted progenitor cell where 7q34 duplication, a hallmark of this tumour-type in association to MAPK-kinase pathway activation, potentially plays a site-specific role in their pathogenesis. Importantly, gain of function abnormalities in components of MAP-Kinase signalling are potentially present in all JPA making this tumour amenable to therapeutic targeting of this pathway.
A long‐term study of anterior cruciate ligament allograft reconstruction (2009)

Abstract We retrospectively reviewed the long‐term clinical outcome of unilateral arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) allograft reconstruction. From October 1995 to December 1997, 64 arthroscopic ACL reconstructions were performed. Multiligamentous knee injuries and ACL injuries in polytrauma patients were excluded and out of the remaining 60 patients 55 were available for follow‐up. Three patients had suffered a rerupture caused by major trauma. One patient had a rerupture without significant trauma and one failure was caused by deep infection. These five patients were revised. Fifty patients (36 males, 14 females) were included in the final follow‐up. At the time of evaluation, the mean duration of follow‐up was 10 years and 6 months. All patients were examined by an independent examiner. Seven patients had an extension lag (<5°) and all patients had a knee flexion of at least 120°, with a mean flexion of 135 ± 5° compared to 135 ± 8°. At the time of follow‐up, the median IKDC score was 97 (74–100). The Lysholm scoring scale had a median value of 95 (76–100). The median sports level on the Tegner scale was 6 (4–9). The one‐leg‐hop test showed a mean value of 95 ± 5%. One patient did not perform the one‐leg‐hop test because of recent surgery to the Achilles tendon. In conclusion, the tibialis anterior or tibialis posterior tendon allograft ACL reconstruction produced good clinical results in the majority of patients at long‐term follow‐up.
Modeling and control of a platoon of autonomous buses (2013)

This paper presents the autonomous platoon formations that could be used to form a platoon of buses on dedicated roadways. A non-linear dynamic model and a path-following and car-following controller are presented and their performance evaluated. Using the dynamic model a platoon of three vehicles is simulated along a multi-segment reference path, demonstrating the adequate lateral and longitudinal performance required for simulations of scale, meaning the operation of multiple vehicles in a convoy or the coordinated operation of multiple convoys. The models and controller presented here will form the basis for future research involving simulations of autonomous vehicles when maneuvering through a series of complex intersections and roadways.
An estimation for the effect to the rotation of the earth due to tide (2006)

The mechanism of this effect is studied,a simple model is studied and thereby the degree of angular acceleration is calculated,the rationality of the assumptions are checked.
Analysis of lentiviral genomic variation by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. (1994)

Retroviruses are known for their genetic variability. In any infection, several genotypes usually exist within the host. We have used denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to study genetic variation of ovine lentiviruses. Starting with viral DNA from cells infected in vitro, a portion of the envelope gene was amplified by PCR, and the products were analyzed by DGGE. With this technique we have been able to detect sequence variations between and within virus isolates and to show evolution of the predominant viral species upon in vivo passage.
Pseudothrombocytopenia in a Preterm Neonate (2004)

Severe and prolonged thrombocytopenia is not uncommon among ill preterm infants. Pseudothrombocytopenia, which has the appearance of severe and prolonged thrombocytopenia, has not been described in this population. We observed a preterm neonate who had EDTA-independent pseudothrombocytopenia and conclude that this condition should be considered when severe and prolonged thrombocytopenia occurs in a neonate in the absence of clinical signs of platelet-type hemorrhage.
DUCTILE BERYLLIUM ALLOYS. Bimonthly Report No. 3 for Period January 1 to February 29, 1960 (1960)

An envelope type microstructure prepared by liquid-phase sintering is being investigated as a means of producing ductile beryllium alloys. Results for seven new compacts are reported. A germanium addition was found to be highly beneficial to a silver-matrix compact as well as for alumiuum-matrix compacts. A Be-65 Ag-1 Ge (75 vol. % beryllium) compact was reduced 7O% by cold pressing. The microharndess of beryllium particles in several highly plastic compacts was found to be from 9O to 150 higher in DPH values than for relatively low- plasticity compacts. Plastic deformation decreased the apparent hardness of the hard beryllium grains, (auth)
Mapping low frequency vibrational spectra of ssDNA using DNH optical trap (2015)

Low frequency resonant acoustic modes of ssDNA lying in the sub-100 GHz range are excited and detected using a double nanohole (DNH) optical trap. The technique shows potential for sequencing and characterization of DNA.
Impact of environmental stress on the expression of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1991)

To investigate the influence of environmental factors on inherited tendencies, the impact of chronic environmental stress on the expression of a genetically determined autoimmune disease was explored in the bio-breeding (BB) rat, which is an animal model for human autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Animals assigned at random to the experimental group received a triad of stressors designed to model chronic moderate stress over a 14-week period. Animals from 25 to 130 days of age were weighed and tested for glycosuria twice weekly. Weekly blood sampling was performed on all animals. Diabetes was diagnosed on the basis of weight loss, 2+ glycosuria, and blood glucose levels of 250+ mg/dl. We found that in the BB rat chronic stress significantly increased the incidence of the phenotypic expression of the gene for Type I diabetes. Eighty percent of the male stress and 70% of the female stress animals developed diabetes, compared with 50% in both control groups. Stressed males developed manifest diabetes at the same time as their matched controls, whereas stressed females had significantly delayed onset in relation to controls.
Wireless Sensor Networking: The Pleasure and the Pain (2010)

The demand for highly lightweight decentralised self-management of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has lead to the pursuit of emergent and bio-inspired solutions. I will introduce the WSN field briefly and highlight the aspects that differentiate it from 'normal' computing. I then present some of the research we have been doing in this field for decentralised network control and emergent systems management. Many of the algorithms produced to manage a WSN focus on one managerial aspect or parameter, limiting their usefulness and consuming already scarce resources. We have identified sets of common structures and elements of many well-known emergent algorithms. I present examples that exploit this to efficiently manage more than one managerial parameter or aspect. However, I also show how established evaluation methodologies are extremely misleading as when implementing the systems on actual devices we soon find some very unexpected results. I discuss this phenomenon, suggest causes and make some suggestions regarding the engineering of WSNs.
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐CATALYZED CYCLIZATION OF ALKOXYACRYLOYLUREAS TO 2,4(1H,3H)PYRIMIDINEDIONES (1977)

Abstract Aus den 3‐Alkoxy‐carbamoyl‐methacrylamiden (I) entstehen mit sauren und basischen Reagentien die Cyclisierungsprodukte (II).
Correlation between histone acetylation and expression of the <i>MYO18B</i> gene in human lung cancer cells (2004)

Recently, we isolated a candidate tumor-suppressor gene, MYO18B, which was inactivated in approximately 50% of human lung cancers by deletion, mutation, and promoter methylation. However, more frequent reduction or loss of MYO18B expression and restoration of MYO18B expression by trichostatin A (TSA) treatment suggested the contribution of other mechanisms, especially histone deacetylation, for epigenetic inactivation of the MYO18B gene. In this study, we examined histone modification of the promoter region of the MYO18B gene in 8 human lung cancer cell lines by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. In 6 of 7 cell lines with reduced or silenced MYO18B expression, the levels of histones H3 and H4 acetylation surrounding the MYO18B promoter region were lower than those in a cell line with MYO18B expression. By treatment with TSA, the levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation were increased in all 6 cell lines whose MYO18B expression was restored by TSA, whereas neither H3 nor H4 acetylation was increased in cells whose MYO18B expression was not restored by TSA. Significant correlations were observed between the levels of histone H3/H4 acetylation and MYO18B expression. These results suggest that acetylation of both histones H3 and H4 contributes to regulation of MYO18B expression in lung cancer cells and that histone deacetylation surrounding the promoter region plays an important role in MYO18B silencing and is involved in lung carcinogenesis.