gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel polymeric sulfonium photoacid generator and its application for chemically amplified photoresists (2014)

Chemically amplified resists (CARs) which involved the photoacid generator (PAG) have been widely used because of the high sensitivity. The inherent incompatibility between the polymer matrix and small molecular PAGs leads to problems including PAG phase separation, non-uniform initial PAG and photoacid distribution, as well as acid migration during the post-exposure baking (PEB) processes. The polymeric PAGs based resist systems which incorporated the PAG units into the main chain showed improved lithographic performance, such as faster photospeed and higher stability, lower outgassing, and lower LER than corresponding blend resists. In this paper, a novel type of polymeric PAGs based on poly (4-hydroxylstyrene) (PHS) was discussed. Chemically amplified photorssists were formed by the polymeric PAG and other film forming material containing acid labile groups. The polymeric PAGs showed advantage over the common small molecular PAG and patterns with 180 nm resolution was obtained in the 248-nm lithography.
Recent Advances in Polishing of Advanced Materials (2008)

This article discusses the recent advances in polishing of advanced materials. Ninety-five journal articles published in 2005–2007 are briefly introduced. The topics are advances in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP), fluids for polishing, modeling of polishing, polishing of brittle materials, robotic polishing, polishing with vibrations or beams, and friction in polishing processes. CMP is perhaps the hottest research topic in the articles reviewed. Many “noncontact” processes are developed using magnetic fluids, electrorheological fluids, and abrasive flow for polishing of complicated geometries or difficult-to-approach regions. Modeling of polishing processes helps to understand the polishing mechanisms and is thus increasingly performed worldwide. More research on simulations of polishing processes can be expected in the near future. Polishing of brittle materials is also highly demanded. Automatic polishing of curved surfaces using robots and CNC machines, and polishing with vibrations and beams are promising. Investigations of friction in polishing processes help to understand the polishing mechanisms or control the polishing processes.
Influence of ulcer healing agents on ulcer relapse after discontinuation of acute treatment: a pooled estimate of controlled clinical trials. (1988)

Whether or not the incidence of ulcer relapse varies according to the drug used to produce initial healing is a controversial matter. We tackled this problem using data from 15 eligible trials from 25 published controlled trials in patients followed up for six to 12 months. Pooled estimates of differences in ulcer relapse incidence between patients initially healed with H2-antagonists and patients initially healed with non-H2-antagonist drugs were calculated. The overall incidence of relapse in patients healed with comparator drugs is 11 percentage units lower at six and 12 months, than that observed in H2-antagonist-healed patients. The confidence intervals are +/- 8% at six months and +/- 7% at 12 months. These data suggest the existence of a different effect on relapse incidence for the entire class of comparator drugs taken as a whole, compared with H2-antagonists. On considering the non-H2-antagonists singly, this conclusion holds good only in the case of tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate.
Lipid Partitioning, Incomplete Fatty Acid Oxidation, and Insulin Signal Transduction in Primary Human Muscle Cells: Effects of Severe Obesity, Fatty Acid Incubation, and Fatty Acid Translocase/CD36 Overexpression (2010)

Cultured myocytes from severely obese women express perturbations in FA metabolism and insulin signaling reminiscent of those observed in vivo. The obesity phenotype can be recapitulated in muscle cells from lean subjects via exposure to excess lipid, but not by overexpressing the FAT/CD36 FA transporter.
Insights into Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Epilepsy (2020)

Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease that affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. However, despite the continuous development of antiepileptic drugs, over 30% patients with epilepsy progress to drug-resistant epilepsy. For this reason, it is a high priority objective in preclinical research to find novel therapeutic targets and to develop effective drugs that prevent or reverse the molecular mechanisms underlying epilepsy progression. Among these potential therapeutic targets, we highlight currently available information involving signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and zinc signaling), enzymes (carbonic anhydrase), proteins (erythropoietin, copine 6 and complement system), channels (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid Type 1 (TRPV1) channel) and receptors (galanin and melatonin receptors). All of them have demonstrated a certain degree of efficacy not only in controlling seizures but also in displaying neuroprotective activity and in modifying the progression of epilepsy. Although some research with these specific targets has been done in relation with epilepsy, they have not been fully explored as potential therapeutic targets that could help address the unsolved issue of drug-resistant epilepsy and develop new antiseizure therapies for the treatment of epilepsy.
High performance kirchhoff pre-stack depth: migration on hadoop (2015)

Kirchhoff Pre-Stack Depth Migration (KPSDM), a widely used seismic imaging algorithm in petroleum industry, is a typical IO-bound application since a large amount of seismic data and travel timetable data needs to be read from the storage system iteratively during runtime. We present an optimized high performance KPSDM implementation called HKPSDM based on Hadoop where a large I/O aggregated bandwidth is offered cheaply to replace our previous implementation based on Network Attached Storage (NAS) appliances over NFS which have a limited I/O bandwidth when hundreds of processes participate in a migration job. In our implementation, MapReduce facilitates the travel timetable rearrangement and HDFS provides a stable and scalable storage system for seismic data as well as travel timetable data. Various optimizations are applied to HKPSDM to reduce the global bandwidth consumption of HDFS and overhead caused by some disadvantages of HDFS. Experimental results show that HKPSDM can scale better when the number of computing cores ranges from 160 to 800. HKPSDM performs more than 5 times better than NAS-based one when rearranging the travel timetables. And a 37% efficiency improvement is observed when 800 cores are used for migration.
Increasing the Throughput of Liquid Chromatography (2014)

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Polyamines control human chorionic gonadotropin production in the JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell. (1988)

The effect of inhibition of ornithine decarboxylase with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and the resultant lowering of polyamine levels upon human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells was investigated. DFMO (10 mM) totally inhibited ornithine decarboxylase activity. In DFMO-treated cells, cellular spermidine concentrations fell to nondetectable levels (less than 1% of control values) within 24 h and spermine concentrations were reduced to 41.9% of controls over 6 days. DFMO caused a 70-80% inhibition of hCG production. Levels of mRNA for both the alpha and beta subunits of hCG were also inhibited relative to mRNA for tubulin. Exogenous putrescine normalized hCG production in a dose-dependent manner. Other diamines, including cadaverine, 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,6-diaminohexane, and 1,7-diaminoheptane, were ineffective in reestablishing hCG production in DFMO-treated cells. Dibutyryl cAMP (1 mM) stimulated hCG production and increased levels of mRNA for the alpha and beta subunit 5-40-fold in both DFMO-treated and control cells. Polyamines appear to have a fundamental role in hCG production in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells. However, dibutyryl cAMP can partially overcome or circumvent the requirement for polyamines in hCG biosynthesis.
Mutations in the <i>VPS45</i> gene, a <i>SEC1</i> homologue, result in vacuolar protein sorting defects and accumulation of membrane vesicles (1994)

Genetic analyses of vacuolar protein sorting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have uncovered a large number of mutants (vps) that missort and secrete vacuolar hydrolases. A small subset of vps mutants exhibit a temperature-conditional growth phenotype and show a severe defect in the localization of soluble vacuolar proteins, yet maintain a near-normal vacuole structure. Here, we report on the cloning and characterization of the gene affected in one of these mutants, VPS45, which has been found to encode a member of a protein family that includes the yeast proteins Sec1p, Sly1p and Vps33p, as well as n-Sec1, UNC18 and Rop from other eukaryotic organisms. These proteins are thought to participate in vesicle-mediated protein transport events. Polyclonal antiserum raised against a TrpE-Vps45 fusion protein specifically detects a stable 67 kDa protein in labeled yeast cell extracts. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrate that the majority of Vps45p is associated with a high-speed membrane pellet fraction that includes Golgi, transport vesicles and, potentially, endosomal membranes. Significantly, this fraction lacks ER, vacuole and plasma membranes. Overexpression of Vps45p saturates the sites with which Vps45p associates. A vps45 null mutant accumulates vesicles, many of which were found to be present in large clusters. This accumulation of potential transport vesicles indicates that Vps45p may facilitate the targeting and/or fusion of these vesicles in the vacuolar protein sorting pathway.
Cytotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells: effects on mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular free Ca<sup>2+</sup> (2017)

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is all known as an organophosphate pesticide that is broadly used in agriculture, and their residual is harmful to human health. A few reports proved that CPF can cause cytotoxicity to a variety of human cell lines; however, little is known about its effects on human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). In this study, we attempt to assess the cytotoxicity of CPF to HepG2 cell line using MTT assay, plasma permeability assay, nuclear morphology observation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential assay, and the Annexin V-FITC assay. MTT assays of cell metabolic activity indicated that there was a dose-dependent relationship between cell viability and CPF concentration, and found out the 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) was 886.53 µM. Our results also revealed that CPF-exposure induced morphological changes of the cell nucleus, an increase both in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration and plasma membrane potential, a decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential and slightly apoptosis in HepG2 cells. We propose that CPFs lead to cytotoxicity of HepG2 cell by alteration of plasma membrane potential and the mitochondrial permeability.
Welding metallurgy's putative influence on Björk-Shiley convexo-concave valve outlet strut failures. (1999)

With this singular exception, no metallurgical feature of any weld was found that appeared to have contributed, even in a minor way, to the process of outlet fracture.
Human Plasmapheresis and Its Effect on Antibodies (1957)

Summary Results on the biweekly plasmapheresis for 1 yr on each of 23 donors have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of the method utilizing the ADL-Cohn Fractionator. Bacterial and viral antibodies have persisted at peak levels for almost 2 yr following the administration of antigen, despite the fact that the donors were not subjected to plasmapheresis the 2nd year. A rationale for antibody production by plasmapheresis is presented. Theoretic and practical considerations are discussed.
A Java web application for allowing multiuser collaboration and exploration of existing VRML worlds (2005)

This work describes a new Java web application that enables users to explore and annotate VRML worlds collaboratively. The web application consists of a Java servlet, Java Server Pages (JSP) and supporting classes. There are two significant features of this work. First, users can explore existing standard VRML worlds collaboratively with automatic multiuser augmentation. Second, the user is free from the inconsistencies of interacting web browsers, a VRML browsers and a Java virtual machines. The clients are only required to have a web browser and a working VRML browser that can employ ECMAScript script nodes. Further, Java is not required on the client end. Through this web application, users can collaboratively navigate and annotate a virtual world with images, audio, text, video, viewpoints and tours.
CD56-SPECIFIC T CELLS: USING GENETICALLY ENGINEERED T CELLS TO REDIRECT SPECIFICITY TO A T CELL EXPRESSED ANTIGEN (2014)

The CD56 antigen is expressed on several deadly malignancies currently lacking long-term efficacious therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) based immunotherapies have shown both safety and efficacy and even a curative ability in clinical trials, laying the foundation for applying CARs to new targets. Using T cells to target a T cell expressed antigen, such as CD56, seems counterintuitive in that the T cells would be susceptible to self-targeting a.k.a. fratricide. However, we expand CD56-specific CAR+ T cells that co-express the CD56 antigen. Since other CARs targeting T cell expressed antigens are hypothesized to be undergoing fratricide, such as the CD38-specific CAR, this unexpected observation of CD56+CD56CAR+ T cells infers that these cells are unique in their survival capacity in a self-targeting scenario. CD56CAR+ T cells have redirected specificity to CD56+ tumor cells and generate anti-tumor responses in neuroblastoma xenograft studies in mice. These CD56CAR+ T cells expand similarly to CAR+ T cells that do not target self-antigen, CD19-specific CAR+ T cells, and do not undergo fratricide. The CD56 antigen co-expressed by CD56CAR+ T cells has diminished ability to stain with the CD56 monoclonal antibody clone N901, which is the epitope where the CAR binds, while the CD56 antigen on CD19CAR+ T cells retains staining. Our data strongly suggest that this epitope loss is not a result of epitope escape of the CD56 antigen. Significant differences in the protein expression profiles of CD19CAR+ and CD56CAR+ T cells, which may be responsible for fratricide evasion of CD56+CD56CAR+ T cells, were observed. Further investigation into these protein differences could delineate a key pathway or responsible for fratricide evasion and be applied in the generation of other CAR based immunotherapies targeting T cell expressed tumor associated antigens. Targeting T cell expressed antigens not only has implications for cancer therapies, but also for treating autoimmune diseases, for the manipulation of transplants or to ablate existing immune cells in a patient as an alternative to chemotherapy.
Further Studies in the Concept of Delta-Winged Hybrid Airships (1980)

Recently, several concepts have arisen for hybrid airships. One of these concepts, a hybrid Zeppelin, combines a slender delta wing with a rigid airship. Before starting intensive (and expensive!) design work for such a vehicle, an approximate calculation should show that performances are at least comparable with those of existing airplanes and fully buoyant airships. Therefore, the aerodynamic performance of the hybrid Zeppelin has been calculated, starting from the technical state of the art of the prewar LZ 129 and based on the slenderbody theory. The results show that the optimum hybrid Zeppelin lifts roughly one half of its takeoff weight by aerodynamic lift at a cruise speed in the range 125 km/h u 225 km/h. If fueled with liquid hydrogen or Blaugas, payload and fuel consumption figures are much superior to those of existing aircraft.
Transmit Optimization With Improper Gaussian Signaling for Interference Channels (2013)

This paper studies the achievable rates of Gaussian interference channels with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), when improper or circularly asymmetric complex Gaussian signaling is applied. For the Gaussian multiple-input multiple-output interference channel (MIMO-IC) with the interference treated as Gaussian noise, we show that the user's achievable rate can be expressed as a summation of the rate achievable by the conventional proper or circularly symmetric complex Gaussian signaling in terms of the users' transmit covariance matrices, and an additional term, which is a function of both the users' transmit covariance and pseudo-covariance matrices. The additional degrees of freedom in the pseudo-covariance matrix, which is conventionally set to be zero for the case of proper Gaussian signaling, provide an opportunity to further improve the achievable rates of Gaussian MIMO-ICs by employing improper Gaussian signaling. To this end, this paper proposes widely linear precoding, which efficiently maps proper information-bearing signals to improper transmitted signals at each transmitter for any given pair of transmit covariance and pseudo-covariance matrices. In particular, for the case of two-user Gaussian single-input single-output interference channel (SISO-IC), we propose a joint covariance and pseudo-covariance optimization algorithm with improper Gaussian signaling to achieve the Pareto-optimal rates. By utilizing the separable structure of the achievable rate expression, an alternative algorithm with separate covariance and pseudo-covariance optimization is also proposed, which guarantees the rate improvement over conventional proper Gaussian signaling.
Cubature Kalman Filtering Theory & Applications (2009)

Bayesian filtering refers to the process of sequentially estimating the current state of a complex dynamic system from noisy partial measurements using Bayes' rule. This thesis considers Bayesian filtering as applied to an important class of state estimation problems, which is describable by a discrete-time nonlinear state-space model with additive Gaussian noise. It is known that the conditional probability density of the state given the measurement history or simply the posterior density contains all information about the state. For nonlinear systems, the posterior density cannot be described by a finite number of sufficient statistics, and an approximation must be made instead. The approximation of the posterior density is a challenging problem that has engaged many researchers for over four decades. Their work has resulted in a variety of approximate Bayesian filters. Unfortunately, the existing filters suffer from possible divergence, or the curse of dimensionality, or both, and it is doubtful that a single filter exists that would be considered effective for applications ranging from low to high dimensions. The challenge ahead of us therefore is to derive an approximate nonlinear Bayesian filter, which is theoretically motivated, reasonably accurate, and easily extendable to a wide range of applications at a minimal computational cost. In this thesis, a new approximate Bayesian filter is derived for discrete-time nonlinear filtering problems, which is named the cubature Kalman filter. To develop this filter, it is assumed that the predictive density of the joint state-measurement random variable is Gaussian. In this way, the optimal Bayesian filter reduces to the problem of how to compute various multi-dimensional Gaussian-weighted moment integrals. To numerically compute these integrals, a third-degree spherical-radial cubature rule is proposed. This cubature rule entails a set of cubature points scaling linearly with the state-vector dimension. The cubature Kalman filter therefore provides an efficient solution even for high-dimensional nonlinear filtering problems. More remarkably, the cubature Kalman filter is the closest known approximate filter in the sense of completely preserving second-order information due to the maximum entropy principle. For the purpose of mitigating divergence, and improving numerical accuracy in systems where there are apparent computer roundoff difficulties, the cubature Kalman filter is reformulated to propagate the square roots of the error-covariance matrices. The formulation of the (square-root) cubature Kalman filter is validated through three different numerical experiments, namely, tracking a maneuvering ship, supervised training of recurrent neural networks, and model-based signal detection and enhancement. All three experiments clearly indicate that this powerful new filter is superior to other existing nonlinear filters.
Granulated lymphocytes in human endometrium: histochemical and immunohistochemical studies (1991)

Granulated lymphocytes with an unusual antigenic phenotype (CD56+ CD38+ CD2 +/- CD3- CD16-) form a substantial proportion of leukocytes in human endometrial stroma. The purpose of this study was to examine morphological and antigenic heterogeneity in endometrial granulated lymphocytes (eGL) in imprint preparations, paraffin-embedded sections and frozen sections. eGL in decidual imprints showed variations in cell size, nuclear size, shape and chromatin content and the number and size of cytoplasmic granules. eGL were detected in paraffin-embedded sections using phloxine tartrazine, alcian blue and toluidine blue stains. There was no difference in the number of eGL among the three stains but the granules appeared smaller and more regular when stained with toluidine blue. The proportion of stromal cells which were leukocytes increased from 8.2% in proliferative endometrium to 31.7% in early pregnancy decidua. The number of CD56+ and CD38+ cells increased in late secretory endometrium; CD56+ cells formed greater than 75% of the leukocytes in first trimester decidua. The increased number of CD2+ cells in decidua was not comparable with CD56+ and CD38+ cells suggesting that a lower proportion of CD56+ cells in first trimester decidua coexpress CD2, an observation which was supported by double labelling studies. eGL therefore show morphological and antigenic heterogeneity and the study of granulated lymphocytes in pathological endometrium and decidua will require careful phenotypic and morphological analysis of accurately dated samples.
Minimally invasive coronary artery surgery: the last operation. (1997)

Left anterior descending grafting with a left internal thoracic artery on a beating heart via a small left anterior thoracotomy is a procedure that is becoming popular, even if not yet standardized. From November 21, 1994 through February 20, 1997, 411 patients underwent a small left anterior thoracotomy; 206 had single-vessel disease, 205 had multiple-vessel disease. The early mortality rate was 1.0% (4 patients); causes of death were cardiac, not operation-related in 3, and non-cardiac in 1. The late mortality rate was 1.4% (6 patients); causes of death were cardiac operation-related in 1, non-cardiac in 3. All patients had a postoperative Doppler-flow velocity assessment; 231 (56.2%) underwent an angiographic control during the first postoperative year. Some patients were selected, as every patient with conduit or anastomotic malfunction underwent angiography. The patency rate was 92.4% (214/231); perfect distal anastomoses were obtained in 87.0% (201/231). With increasing experience and new instruments for left internal thoracic artery harvesting and left anterior descending artery stabilization, from April 21, 1996, patency rate increased to 98.2% (107/109) and perfect patency rate to 95.4% (104/109); results are therefore improving with time. The left anterior small thoracotomy procedure gives acceptable midterm results and is a reasonable alternative to the median sternotomy when the left anterior descending artery needs to be grafted with the left internal thoracic artery.