gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adaptive block truncation coding algorithm for image compression (2002)

A method of designing a minimum mean square error (MMSE) quantizer for the block truncation coding (BTC) algorithm for image compression is presented. Based on this MMSE quantizer, an adaptive block truncation coding (ABTC) algorithm is designed. This method tries to optimize the quantization output levels based on the locality of the image pixel blocks, and significantly improved reconstructed image quality is achieved at 2 b/pixel. The performance of the ABTC MMSE quantizers is investigated. It is compared to the standard BTC method and the absolute moment BTC (AMBTC) method. The ABTC method is very efficient as compared to the standard BTC and the AMBTC methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Removal and Reconstitution of the Carotenoid Antenna of Xanthorhodopsin (2010)

Salinixanthin, a C(40)-carotenoid acyl glycoside, serves as a light-harvesting antenna in the retinal-based proton pump xanthorhodopsin of Salinibacter ruber. In the crystallographic structure of this protein, the conjugated chain of salinixanthin is located at the protein-lipid boundary and interacts with residues of helices E and F. Its ring, with a 4-keto group, is rotated relative to the plane of the π-system of the carotenoid polyene chain and immobilized in a binding site near the β-ionone retinal ring. We show here that the carotenoid can be removed by oxidation with ammonium persulfate, with little effect on the other chromophore, retinal. The characteristic CD bands attributed to bound salinixanthin are now absent. The kinetics of the photocycle is only slightly perturbed, showing a 1.5-fold decrease in the overall turnover rate. The carotenoid-free protein can be reconstituted with salinixanthin extracted from the cell membrane of S. ruber. Reconstitution is accompanied by restoration of the characteristic vibronic structure of the absorption spectrum of the antenna carotenoid, its chirality, and the excited-state energy transfer to the retinal. Minor modification of salinixanthin, by reducing the carbonyl C=O double bond in the ring to a C-OH, suppresses its binding to the protein and eliminates the antenna function. This indicates that the presence of the 4-keto group is critical for carotenoid binding and efficient energy transfer.
Effect of prickly pear (Opuntia robusta) on glucose- and lipid-metabolism in non-diabetics with hyperlipidemia--a pilot study. (2002)

The hypocholesterolemic action of prickly pear may be partly explained by the fibre (pectin) content, but the hypoglycaemic actions (improvement of insulin sensitivity) in the non-obese, non-diabetic need further investigation to get more insights on the potential advantage of treating the metabolic syndrome.
Aroma‐Active Components of <i>Lycii fructus</i> (kukija) (2008)

The fruit of Lycii fructus has been used as a tonic medicine and a long-term healthy food without side effect in Asia. An increase in the demand for natural healthy food, L. fructus has been thought as a source of healthy foods. For its value adding, its character impact aromas were isolated by using direct solvent extraction with vacuum transfer and identified by using gas chromatography olfactometry (GC-O) and GC-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thirty-three odor compounds were sniffed at GC-O, each trial equipped with DB-5MS and HP-WAX capillary column. The most contributing odor compounds in L. fructus were (E)-2-heptenal (green, mushroomy), 1-heptanol (planty, oily), hexanal (planty), 3-octanol (mushroomy, planty), 1-octen-3-ol (mushroomy), and 2-methyl-2-butenoic acid (pungent, planty), which might be produced by enzymatic oxidation and/or oxidation of lipids and carotenes, resulting in undesirable aromas.
Ventricular resynchronization therapy by direct His-bundle pacing using an internal cardioverter defibrillator (2012)

Direct His-bundle pacing might be an alternative treatment for CRT in selected cases.
The sense of touch provides new computer interaction techniques for disabled people (1999)

Windows and the World Wide Web are two of the keys to the Information Technology explosion that we are all caught up in. Computer capabilities are increasing while they are getting easier to use. But how does a blind person handle a graphical environ
Identification of enolases and aldolases as important fish allergens in cod, salmon and tuna: component resolved diagnosis using parvalbumin and the new allergens (2013)

Fish enolase and aldolase have been identified as important new fish allergens. In fish allergy diagnosis, IgE to enolase and aldolase are especially relevant when IgE to parvalbumin are absent.
Theory and practice of aircraft performance (2016)

Textbook introducing the fundamentals of aircraft performance using industry standards and examples: bridging the gap between academia and industry<br/>•Provides an extensive and detailed treatment of all segments of mission profile and overall aircraft performance<br/>•Considers operating costs, safety, environmental and related systems issues<br/>•Includes worked examples relating to current aircraft (Learjet 45, Tucano Turboprop Trainer, Advanced Jet Trainer and Airbus A320 types of aircraft)<br/>•Suitable as a textbook for aircraft performance courses<br/>
Ginkgo Biloba Extract EGB761 Protects against Aging-Associated Diastolic Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes of D-Galactose-Induced Aging Rat (2012)

The aim of the present study was to make use of the artificially induced aging model cardiomyocytes to further investigate potential anti-aging-associated cellular diastolic dysfunction effects of EGB761 and explore underlying molecular mechanisms. Cultured rat primary cardiomyocytes were treated with either D-galactose or D-galactose combined with EGB761 for 48 h. After treatment, the percentage of cells positive for SA-β-gal, AGEs production, cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) activity, the myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake, and relative protein levels were measured. Our results demonstrated that in vitro stimulation with D-galactose induced AGEs production. The addition of EGB761 significantly decreased the number of cells positive for SA-β-gal. Furthermore, decreased diastolic [Ca(2+)](i), curtailment of the time from the maximum concentration of Ca(2+) to the baseline level and increased reuptake of Ca(2+) stores in the SR were also observed. In addition, the level of p-Ser16-PLN protein as well as SERCA was markedly increased. The study indicated that EGb761 alleviates formation of AGEs products on SERCA2a in order to mitigate myocardial stiffness on one hand; on other hand, improve SERCA2a function through increase the amount of Ser16 sites PLN phosphorylation, which two hands finally led to ameliorate diastolic dysfunction of aging cardiomyocytes.
The directed Chinese Postman Problem (2003)

Abstract The Chinese Postman Problem has many applications, including robot exploration, and analysing interactive system and Web site usability. This paper reviews the wide range of applications of the problem and presents complete, executable code to solve it for the case of directed multigraphs. A variation called the ‘open Chinese Postman Problem’ is also introduced and solved. Although optimizations are possible, no substantially better algorithms are likely. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in chronic allograft nephropathy (2002)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition/angiotensin-receptor blocker therapy is well tolerated in renal allograft recipients with chronic allograft nephropathy. It is associated with a trend of slowing renal insufficiency as well as a significant survival benefit in the combined endpoint of allograft failure or death.
Effects of a grooved titanium‐coated implant surface on epithelial cell behavior <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (1989)

The effects of a grooved titanium-coated substratum on epithelial (E) cell behavior were studied in vitro and in vivo. V-shaped grooves, 10 microns deep, were produced in silicon wafers by micromachining, a process which was developed for the fabrication of microelectronic components. The grooved substrata were replicated in epoxy resin and coated with 50 nm of titanium. More E cells were found attached to the grooved titanium surfaces than to adjacent smooth surfaces. In comparison to the smooth surfaces where clusters of E cells were randomly oriented, on the grooved surfaces, clusters of E cells were markedly oriented along the long axis of grooves. Grooved and smooth titanium-coated epoxy implants were placed percutaneously in the parietal area of rats. Electron and light microscopic observations indicated that E cells were tightly attached to the implant surfaces and this attachment is through basal lamina-like and hemidesmosome-like structures. In the grooved portion of the implant, E cells interdigitated into the grooves and had rounded nuclei. Histomorphometric measurements indicated that there was a shorter length of epithelial attachment, longer length of connective tissue attachment, and less recession in the grooved, compared to the smooth portion of implants after 7 and 10 days. These results indicate that horizontal grooves produced by micromachining can significantly impede epithelial downgrowth on titanium-coated epoxy implants.
Grazing value evolution of the post-fire colonizing vegetation in pine forests of southwestern Albacete province (Spain) (1996)

In the present paper, changes in grazing value of colonizing vegetation in a burnt area in the southwestern Albacete were studied. A diacrhonyc study was employed in order to measure the cover of colonizing vegetation during the first five years after fire. The results pointed out the importance of colonizing plant communities as pasture, due to the presence of many herbaceous species having a high grazing value. The reduction of herbaceous species number and their cover from the third post-fire year, gave an ephemeral nature to this grazing resourcer. In the last of study, woody species with a low grazing value were the predominant species.
Evaluation of Reference Tissue Models for the Analysis of [ <sup>11</sup> C]( <i>R</i> )-PK11195 Studies (2006)

[(11)C](R)-PK11195 is a marker of activated microglia, which can be used to measure inflammation in neurologic disorders. The purpose of the present study was to define the optimal reference tissue model based on a comparison with a validated plasma input model and using clinical studies and Monte Carlo simulations. Accuracy and reproducibility of reference tissue models were evaluated using Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of noise and variation in specific binding, nonspecific binding and blood volume were evaluated. Dynamic positron emission tomography scans were performed on 13 subjects, and radioactivity in arterial blood was monitored online. In addition, blood samples were taken to generate a metabolite corrected plasma input function. Both a (validated) two-tissue reversible compartment model with K(1)/k(2) fixed to whole cortex and various reference tissue models were fitted to the data. Finally, a simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) corrected for nonspecific binding using plasma input data (SRTM(pl_corr)) was investigated. Correlations between reference tissue models (including SRTM(pl_corr)) and the plasma input model were calculated. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that low-specific binding results in decreased accuracy and reproducibility. In this respect, the SRTM and SRTM(pl_corr) performed relatively well. Varying blood volume had no effect on performance. In the clinical evaluation, SRTM(pl_corr) and SRTM had the highest correlations with the plasma input model (R(2)=0.82 and 0.78, respectively). SRTM(pl_corr) is optimal when an arterial plasma input curve is available. Simplified reference tissue model is the best alternative when no plasma input is available.
Machine Learning Based Botnet Identification Traffic (2016)

The continued growth of the Internet has resulted in the increasing sophistication of toolkit and methods to conduct computer attacks and intrusions that are easy to use and publicly available to download, such as Zeus botnet toolkit. Botnets are responsible for many cyber-attacks, such as spam, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS), identity theft, and phishing. Most of existence botnet toolkits release updates for new features, development and support. This presents challenges in the detection and prevention of bots. Current botnet detection approaches mostly ineffective as botnets change their Command and Control (C&C) server structures, centralized (e.g., IRC, HTTP), distributed (e.g., P2P), and encryption deterrent. In this paper, based on real world data sets we present our preliminary research on predicting the new bots before they launch their attack. We propose a rich set of features of network traffic using Classification of Network Information Flow Analysis (CONIFA) framework to capture regularities in C&C communication channels and malicious traffic. We present a case study of applying the approach to a popular botnet toolkit, Zeus. The experimental evaluation suggest that it is possible to detect effectively botnets during the botnet C&C communication generated from new updated Zeus botnet toolkit by building the classifier using machine learning from an earlier version and before they launch their attacks using traffic behaviors. Also, show that there is similarity in C&C structures various Botnet toolkit versions and that the network characteristics of botnet C&C traffic is different from legitimate network traffic. Such methods could reduce many different resources needed to identify C&C communication channels and malicious traffic.
SHORT NOTICES (1974)

Journal Article SHORT NOTICES Get access E. A. SMITH E. A. SMITH University of Reading Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXIX, Issue CCCL, January 1974, Pages 199-b–200, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXIX.CCCL.199-b Published: 01 January 1974
ESSENTIAL OILS FROM SPICES GROWN IN ALBERTA. ANISE OIL (PIMPINELLA ANISUM) (1977)

The annual plant anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), grown in Alberta over five consecutive seasons, was rated as medium for its herb vigor and growth, and the yield and quality of its essential oil was determined. The average yield of steam-distilled oil, calculated on a dry weight basis, was 1.05–1.1% for seed and 1.2–1.35% for the whole crushed plant. The number of identified constituents, as determined by using a TL-GL-chromatography method, was 16 for the plant, and 12 for the seed oil, with corresponding percentages of 74.7 and 84.6, respectively. The only major oil constituent was trans-anethole which was 57.4% of whole plant and 75.2% of seed oil. The other constituents of plant oil, present in amounts of 1–5% were cis-anethole, carvone, β-caryophyllene, dihydrocarvyl acetate, estragole and limonene. Compositional data obtained for world market oils, which are used for flavoring by domestic food industries, suggested that the Alberta anise oils are of sufficient quality to substitute for the imported oils.
Optimization of transit‐system characteristics (1984)

Abstract The transit industry is facing declining ridership and increasing costs with with no apparent end in sight. This paper takes the view that totally new solutions are needed. The approach is to examine the equation for total cost of a transit system per passenger‐mile to determine how to configure a new system to minimize this quantity. Term‐by‐term analysis leads to derivation of a consistent set of optimum characteristics. Guideway costs are minimized by distributing the load in very small capsules. The fleet cost is minimized by increasing the average speed without increasing the cruising speed by use of off‐line stations, which in turn minimize energy use by permitting nonstop trips. Maintenance costs are minimized by designing a very light‐weight, automated vehicle with very few moving parts. While this general configuration has been known for several decades, it has not been generally recognized that it can be derived by minimization of system costs, and that cost minimization is obtained simultaneously with service maximization. While a great deal of controversy surrounded this concept a decade ago, advances in technology make it fully practical now.
Lifting transforms on graphs: theory and applications (2015)

There are many scenarios in which data can be organized onto a graph or tree. Data may also be similar across neighbors in the graph, e.g., data across neighboring sample points may be spatially correlated. It would therefore be useful to apply some form of transform across neighboring sample points in the graph to exploit this correlation in order to achieve more compact representations. To this end, we describe a general class of de-correlating lifting transforms that can be applied to any graph or tree, and propose a variety of transform optimizations. We mainly focus on the design of tree-based lifting transform designs. Extensions to graph-based lifting transforms are also discussed. As a first application, we develop distributed graph-based transforms for efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where the goal is to transmit data from every node in the network to a collection (or sink) node along a routing tree. In particular, we (i) propose a general class of unidirectional transforms that can be computed in a distributed manner as data is routed toward the sink, and (ii) provide conditions for their invertibility. Moreover, we show that any unidirectional lifting transform is invertible, and propose a variety of tree-based lifting transform designs. By using these transforms to de-correlate data in the network, the total communication cost for data gathering is significantly reduced. We also extend these tree-based lifting transforms to incorporate broadcast communication links. This leads to a set of graph-based lifting transforms for WSNs. In particular, nodes incorporate data received from their broadcast neighbors together with data received from their neighbors in the routing tree. By doing so, they are able to achieve more data de-correlation. By exploiting the additional broadcast communication links in this way, these graph-based lifting transforms reduce the total communication cost even further.
Chemistry of portland cement (2003)

Department of Chemistry, D. D. U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273 009, India Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi-110 016, India <em>E-mail:</em> dr_n_b_singh@rediffmail.com <em>Manuscript received 19 September 2002</em> A brief account of the raw materials, fluxes and mineralizers used in the manufacture of portland cement is given. Different .cement modules, in terms of oxide composition normally required for its manufacture, are also given. Major chemical reactions involved in the manufacture of portland cement clinker, properties and hydration behavior of the cement have been discussed. Various type of cements which can be derived from portland cement are included in this article.
Stochastic Analysis of Gene Expression (2011)

In this chapter, stochasticity in gene expression is investigated using Ω-expansion technique. Two theoretical models are considered here, one concern the stochastic fluctuations in a single-gene network with negative feedback regulation, and the other the additivity of noise propagation in a protein cascade. All of these theoretical analyses may provide a basic framework for understanding stochastic gene expression.
Expression of tumor markers on breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. (2003)

The cell lines investigated express a different pattern of tumor markers. In consequence, a careful examination should be performed in order to find the "best fitting" cell line to a patient's tumor for a tumor-vaccine.
Performance comparison of training sequences for power amplifier linearization systems (2011)

The suitable design of a calibration signal for power amplifier (PA) behavioral modeling and digital predistortion design is addressed in this work. The proposed alternatives are a manageable triangular chirp-like waveform or a multisine-type sequence that resembles as much as possible to the transmitted signal. In this research, multisines are generated accordingly to the statistical characteristics of the transmitted signal, whereas chirp sequence is defined by the system transmission parameters. Laboratory tests show that, in spite of the remarkable existing similarities between the transmitted signal and the multisines, the chirp sequence accomplishes the same enhancement in nonlinear distortion reduction than the multisines (up to 16 dB) while reducing the training time needed for computing the predistorter coefficients.
Pulse propagation characteristics at 2.4 GHz inside buildings (1996)

The growing use of unlicensed wireless systems has spurred interest in the 2.4-GHz ISM band. In order to facilitate the design of such systems, measurements of the pulse response characteristics have been made inside commercial buildings. From the measured pulse response, the statistical properties of the amplitude variation for individual pulses was determined, in addition to the path loss, mean excess delay, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, and the coherence bandwidth of the indoor channel.
Methods of DNA adduct determination and their application to testing compounds for genotoxicity (2000)

At the International Workshop on Genotoxicity Test Procedures (IWGTP) held in Washington, DC (March 25-26, 1999), a working group considered the uses of DNA adduct determination methods for testing compounds for genotoxicity. When a drug or chemical displays an unusual or inconsistent combination of positive and negative results in in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity assays and/or in carcinogenicity experiments, investigations into whether or not DNA adducts are formed may be helpful in assessing whether or not the test compound is a genotoxin. DNA adduct determinations can be carried out using radiolabeled compounds and measuring radioactive decay (scintillation counting) or isotope ratios (accelerator mass spectrometry) in the isolated DNA. With unlabeled compounds adducts may be measured by (32)P-postlabeling analysis of the DNA, or by physicochemical methods including mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, or electrochemical detection, or by immunochemical methods. Each of these approaches has different strengths and limitations, influenced by sensitivity, cost, time, and interpretation of results. The design of DNA binding studies needs to be on a case-by-case basis, depending on the compound's profile of activity. DNA purity becomes increasingly important the more sensitive, and less chemically specific, the assay. While there may be adduct levels at which there is no observable biological effect, there are at present insufficient data on which to set a threshold level for biological significance.
MRAP and MRAP2 are bidirectional regulators of the melanocortin receptor family (2009)

The melanocortin receptor (MCR) family consists of 5 G protein-coupled receptors (MC1R-MC5R) with diverse physiologic roles. MC2R is a critical component of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, whereas MC3R and MC4R have an essential role in energy homeostasis. Mutations in MC4R are the single most common cause of monogenic obesity. Investigating the way in which these receptors signal and traffic to the cell membrane is vital in understanding disease processes related to MCR dysfunction. MRAP is an MC2R accessory protein, responsible for adrenal MC2R trafficking and function. Here we identify MRAP2 as a unique homologue of MRAP, expressed in brain and the adrenal gland. We report that MRAP and MRAP2 can interact with all 5 MCRs. This interaction results in MC2R surface expression and signaling. In contrast, MRAP and MRAP2 can reduce MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R responsiveness to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (NDP-MSH). Collectively, our data identify MRAP and MRAP2 as unique bidirectional regulators of the MCR family.