gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient design of transformation optics devices based on anisotropic metasurfaces (2014)

Transformation Optics (TO) is a systematic approach that makes use of coordinate transformations to design devices capable of controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves [1]. This control is achieved on the basis of macroscopic equivalent constitutive tensors of a volumetric anisotropic material. In practice, TO-based devices can be implemented by using metamaterials, which can be engineered to achieve electromagnetic behaviors which can not be found in nature [2]. Metamaterials can be realized by periodically arranging many small inclusions in a dielectric host environment and their use offers promising opportunities for the practical implementation of TO-based devices; there are, however, technological difficulties in controlling the variation of the macroscopic constitutive tensors of volumetric metamaterials, as well as in realizing anisotropic and extreme parameters. A significant technological simplification can be obtained by using metasurfaces (MTS) [3] instead of volumetric metamaterials. MTSs are thin metamaterial layers constituted by a periodic lattice of sub-wavelength elements. Due to the small periodicity in terms of a wavelength, they can be characterized in terms of an equivalent impedance providing the relationship between the average tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields. Indeed, effects similar to addressing waves in volumetric media may be obtained by modulating the properties of an impedance surface supporting surface waves (SW) [4-6].
Some Reactions of Carbomethoxymercuric Salts (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Reactions of Carbomethoxymercuric SaltsGeorge F. FantaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 6, 1610–1613Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01029a083https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01029a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF A FRIED CRUST* (2001)

A restructured potato model system was fried in canola oil for 5, 10, or 15 min at 170, 180, or 190C and tested in a Dynamic Mechanical Analyzer. Selected mechanical properties were measured using puncture and three‐point bending cells. Forces involved in puncture were a combination of tension, compression, and shear, while the three‐point bend test studied the crust flexural properties. Crust deformability seemed to be governed by internal structural yielding. Maximum force at rupture increased significantly with both frying time and temperature. Failure criteria identified and standardized types of failure observed during bending tests.
Emergence of Resistance to Rifampin and Rifalazil in <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae</i> and <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> (2005)

Although rifamycins have excellent activity against Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro, concerns about the possible development of resistance during therapy have discouraged their use for treatment of chlamydial infections. Rifalazil, a new semisynthetic rifamycin with a long half-life, is the most active antimicrobial against C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis in vitro, indicating its potential for treatment of acute and chronic C. pneumoniae and C. trachomatis infections. We investigated the effect of serial passage of two C. pneumoniae isolates and two serotypes of C. trachomatis in subinhibitory concentrations of rifalazil and rifampin on the development of phenotypic and genotypic resistance. C. trachomatis developed resistance to both antimicrobials within six passages, with higher level resistance to rifampin (128 to 256 microg/ml) and lower level resistance to rifalazil (0.5 to 1 microg/ml). C. pneumoniae TW-183 developed only low-level resistance to rifampin (0.25 microg/ml) and rifalazil (0.016 microg/ml) after 12 passages. C. pneumoniae CWL-029 failed to develop resistance to either drug. Two unique mutations emerged in the rpoB gene of rifampin (L456I) and rifalazil (D461E)-resistant C. pneumoniae TW-183. A single mutation (H471Y) was detected in both rifampin- and rifalazil-resistant C. trachomatis UW-3/Cx/D, and a unique mutation (V136F) was found in rifalazil-resistant BU-434/L(2). No mutations were detected in the entire rpoB gene of rifampin-resistant BU-434/L(2). This is the first description of antibiotic resistance-associated mutations in C. pneumoniae and of rifampin resistance in C. trachomatis not associated with mutations in the rpoB gene.
miRNA-34b Inhibits Prostate Cancer through Demethylation, Active Chromatin Modifications, and AKT Pathways (2012)

These findings offer new insight into the role of miR-34b in the inhibition of prostate cancer through demethylation, active chromatin modification, and Akt pathways and may provide a rationale for the development of new strategies targeting epigenetic regulation of miRNAs for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Tungstate-Targeting of BKαβ1 Channels Tunes ERK Phosphorylation and Cell Proliferation in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle (2015)

Despite the substantial knowledge on the antidiabetic, antiobesity and antihypertensive actions of tungstate, information on its primary target/s is scarce. Tungstate activates both the ERK1/2 pathway and the vascular voltage- and Ca2+-dependent large-conductance BKαβ1 potassium channel, which modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and function, respectively. Here, we have assessed the possible involvement of BKαβ1 channels in the tungstate-induced ERK phosphorylation and its relevance for VSMC proliferation. Western blot analysis in HEK cell lines showed that expression of vascular BKαβ1 channels potentiates the tungstate-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in a Gi/o protein-dependent manner. Tungstate activated BKαβ1 channels upstream of G proteins as channel activation was not altered by the inhibition of G proteins with GDPβS or pertussis toxin. Moreover, analysis of Gi/o protein activation measuring the FRET among heterologously expressed Gi protein subunits suggested that tungstate-targeting of BKαβ1 channels promotes G protein activation. Single channel recordings on VSMCs from wild-type and β1-knockout mice indicated that the presence of the regulatory β1 subunit was essential for the tungstate-mediated activation of BK channels in VSMCs. Moreover, the specific BK channel blocker iberiotoxin lowered tungstate-induced ERK phosphorylation by 55% and partially reverted (by 51%) the tungstate-produced reduction of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced proliferation in human VSMCs. Our observations indicate that tungstate-targeting of BKαβ1 channels promotes activation of PTX-sensitive Gi proteins to enhance the tungstate-induced phosphorylation of ERK, and inhibits PDGF-stimulated cell proliferation in human vascular smooth muscle.
Local magnetic fields in ferromagnetic intermetallic compounds of cubic Laves-phase type (1986)

Muon-spin-rotation experiments were performed on the ferromagnetic compounds ${\mathrm{GdFe}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{GdCo}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{YFe}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{LuFe}}_{2}$, and ${\mathrm{ErFe}}_{2}$. The local magnetic field at the positive-muon site and the muon-spin-relaxation rates were measured as a function of temperature between 4.2 K and the respective Curie temperatures. In all samples, only a single spin-precession frequency was observed. This is taken as evidence of motional averaging of the muon over the different dipolar fields which are nonzero at the interstitial sites, where the muon is assumed to be located. It is shown that the main contribution to the hyperfine field at the muon site comes from the 3d electrons of the transition-metal partner. The relaxation rates provide information about muon diffusion and trapping at defects.
Aerometeorism: a followup report. (1961)

Abstract : As a follow-up to one published in 1954, this report presents he trend in aerometeorism since that time. Death has occurred to 87 persons an injury to 622 as a re ult of falling aircraft or falling fr gments of aircraft in the period 19531959. Various examples of the accidents which caused the aerometeorism are cited. (Author)
Two cylindrical masses in orbit for the test of the equivalence principle (2009)

Abstract Two pairs of solid test-masses have been considered to perform in space the test of the universality of free fall with an accuracy of at least 10 −15 . These cylindrical masses are precisely at the heart of the MICROSCOPE mission instrument comprising two differential electrostatic accelerometers. These masses shall exhibit material quality, shapes, positions and alignments in regard to stringent experimental requirements. Indeed the space experiment is based on the control of the two masses submitted to the same gravity acceleration along the same orbit at 810 km altitude with an accuracy of 10 −11 m. Thus effects of Earth and satellite gravity gradients shall be contained as well as any other disturbances of the mass motions induced by their magnetic susceptibility or electrical dissymmetries, by outgassing of the materials or radiation emissivity. Furthermore, the electrostatic levitation of the two masses depends dramatically on the mass shapes and electrical properties in particular for the definition of the sensitive axes orientation. All these aspects will be presented from the mass characteristics to the space MICROSCOPE experiment performance.
Raman Spectroscopy Cell-based Biosensors (2007)

One of the main challenges faced by biodetection systems is the ability to detectand identify a large range of toxins at low concentrations and in short times. Cell-basedbiosensors rely on detecting changes in cell behaviour, metabolism, or induction of celldeath following exposure of live cells to toxic agents. Raman spectroscopy is a powerfultechnique for studying cellular biochemistry. Different toxic chemicals have differenteffects on living cells and induce different time-dependent biochemical changes related tocell death mechanisms. Cellular changes start with membrane receptor signalling leading tocytoplasmic shrinkage and nuclear fragmentation. The potential advantage of Ramanspectroscopy cell-based systems is that they are not engineered to respond specifically to asingle toxic agent but are free to react to many biologically active compounds. Ramanspectroscopy biosensors can also provide additional information from the time-dependentchanges of cellular biochemistry. Since no cell labelling or staining is required, the specifictime dependent biochemical changes in the living cells can be used for the identificationand quantification of the toxic agents. Thus, detection of biochemical changes of cells byRaman spectroscopy could overcome the limitations of other biosensor techniques, withrespect to detection and discrimination of a large range of toxic agents. Furtherdevelopments of this technique may also include integration of cellular microarrays forhigh throughput in vitro toxicological testing of pharmaceuticals and in situ monitoring ofthe growth of engineered tissues.
A recurrent marker chromosome involving chromosome 1 in two mammary tumors of the dog (1992)

An apparently identical marker chromosome resulting from a chromosome 1. translocation was found in the mammary carcinomas of two bitches. Although these karyotypic aberrations were the sole clonal aberrations detected, it was not possible to unambiguously identify the material translocated to the chromosome 1 in either animal. Our observations, however, represent the first report of a recurring marker chromosome in mammary tumors of the dog and suggest that these tumors may become an interesting model for human breast cancer.
Border Crossing Detection and Tracking through Localized Image Processing (2008)

The United States' borders are at risk and, due to their vast size, cannot possibly be monitored in their entirety by people at all hours of the day. Automated detection systems for border intrusion exist, but many of them require expensive electronics and lengthy installation procedures. This paper introduces a novel image processing algorithm that detects and tracks moving targets and, when coupled with infrared sensors, can detect temperature changes in the earth that may indicate paths being constructed for border-crossing under the surface. Intensive computer simulations show that the algorithm can also be adapted to automated vehicle control. The proposed algorithm can be implemented with commercial, off-the-shelf desktop computers and cameras, allowing for rapid deployment at low cost. Finally, use of Internet-enabled computers would allow a central command post to monitor the borders at all times and the algorithm could be combined with a simple system that automatically notifies command when a breach of the border occurs.
FIELD IMPLANTATION OF INTRAPERITONEAL RADIOTRANSMITTERS IN EASTERN WOLF (CANIS LYCAON) PUPS USING INHALATION ANESTHESIA WITH SEVOFLURANE (2007)

In a study of wolf pup survival, intraperitoneal radio transmitters were surgically implanted in 53 (27 male and 26 female) 3.5- to 8-wk-old Eastern wolf (Canis lycaon) pups at den sites in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada, over two whelping seasons (2004 and 2005). Pups were manually removed from dens and initially injected with butorphanol at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg for sedation and intra-operative analgesia. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with 3% sevoflurane in oxygen via a face mask. Meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg intramuscularly) was given to provide additional analgesia. All surgeries were completed without complications, and pups were readily accepted back into the packs. No postoperative complications were identified, but two pups from a single litter drowned as a result of being moved by the pack to a flooded den following the surgery. In five pups necropsied following natural deaths, transmitters were found lying free within the peritoneal cavity, and there was no evidence of infection at the surgical site or peritonitis. Inhalation anesthesia provided extremely rapid induction (1 min) and recovery (<3 min) and was completely controllable with no residual anesthetic effects. The equipment for inhalation anesthesia was readily portable in field packs, and it has considerable advantages over injectable drugs for small and very young animals such as wolf pups. The utility of the procedure is demonstrated by the minimal effect it had on subsequent pup survival, the rapid recovery of pups following surgery, and the lack of long-term complications as determined by necropsies of pups following natural deaths.
High accuracy electron beam model development in michelle: Ebeam (2010)

We present a new MICHELLE software module (eBEAM) that is capable of high accuracy simulations of electron beams with stochastic space charge effects. In modeling low current electron beam systems such as electron beam lithography, nanolithography and electron microscopy, it is necessary to simulate ensembles of individual electrons to account correctly for the statistical effects of inter-particle interactions. The MICHELLE-eBEAM simulation is accomplished via a CPU/GPU hybrid code that runs on multiple platforms.
Assessment of calibration methods on impedance pneumography accuracy (2015)

The aim was to assess accuracy of tidal volumes (TV) calculated by impedance pneumography (IP), reproducibility of calibration coefficients (CC) between IP and pneumotachometry (PNT), and their relationship with body posture, breathing rate and depth. Fourteen students performed three sessions of 18 series: normal and deep breathing at 6, 10, 15 breaths/min rates, while supine, sitting and standing; 18 CC were calculated for every session. Session 2 was performed 2 months after session 1, session 3 1-3 days after session 2. TV were calculated using full or limited set of CC from current session, in case of sessions 2 and 3 also using CC from session 1 and 2, respectively. When using full set of CC from current session, IP underestimated TV by -3.2%. Using CC from session 2 for session 3 measurements caused decrease of relative difference: -3.9%, from session 1 for session 2: -5.3%; for limited set of CC: -5.0%. The body posture had significant effect on CC. The highest accuracy was obtained when all factors influencing CC were considered. The application of CC related only to body posture may result in shortening of calibration and moderate accuracy loss. Using CC from previous session compromises accuracy moderately.
Contribution of ITS to self-explaining and forgiving road network (2008)

In case of specific traffic accidents caused by human factor failures, when using an ITS support, a successful prevention can be reached. ITS appear one of tools enabling creation of so-called forgiving and self-explaining roads. Implementation scenarios refer to autonomous intelligent systems in cars and cooperating systems C2C or C2I or I2C. In the article issues of guidelines in this area have been noticed, also including some of selected aspects. The findings presented in the close of the article result in recommendations.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE PRODUKTION VON 6‐AMINOPENICILLANSAEURE DURCH KLUYVERA CITROPHILA KY 3641 (1972)

Abstract Länger als 48 Stunden aerob kultivierte Brühen von Kluyvera citrophila KY 3641 produzieren Penicillin‐Acylase.
On-Chip Integration of Pt/(Ba,Sr)TiO 3 /Pt Thin Film Capacitors (2002)

In this study we present an on-chip produced high-k capacitor, whereas (Ba,Sr)TiO 3 (BST) was used as high dielectric material. In test structures these high-k capacitors are build on wafers containing large scale NMOS transistors. Under certain processing boundaries the NMOS-transistors and the Pt/BST/Pt thin film capacitors reveal good electrical properties although the final forming-gas annealing step is not applied due to strong resistance degradation of the high-k capacitor. The measured threshold voltage U E of the NMOS transistor shifts by 1.0 volt after processing the high-k capacitor. It is supposed that alkaline metal ions, e.g. Na + , which are found in the BST precursor solution may cause the change of the electrical properties of the NMOS transistors.
Breast tumor classification using axial shear strain elastography: a feasibility study (2008)

Recently, the feasibility of visualizing the characteristics of bonding at an inclusion-background boundary using axial-shear strain elastography was demonstrated. In this paper, we report a feasibility study on the utility of the axial-shear strain elastograms in the classification of in vivo breast tumor as being benign or malignant. The study was performed using data sets obtained from 15 benign and 15 malignant cases that were biopsy proven. A total of three independent observers were trained, and their services were utilized for the study. A total of 9 cases were used as training set and the remaining cases were used as testing set. The feature from the axial-shear strain elastogram, namely, the area of the axial-shear region, was extracted by the observers. The observers also outlined the tumor area on the corresponding sonogram, which was used to normalize the area of the axial-shear strain region. There are several observations that can be drawn from the results. First, the result indicates that the observers consistently ( approximately 82% of the cases) noticed the characteristic pattern of the axial-shear strain distribution data as predicted in the previous simulation studies, i.e. alternating regions of positive and negative axial-shear strain values around the tumor-background interface. Second, the analysis of the result suggests that in approximately 57% of the cases in which the observers did not visualize tumor in the sonogram, the elastograms helped them to locate the tumor. Finally, the analysis of the result suggests that for the discriminant feature value of 0.46, the number of unnecessary biopsies could be reduced by 56.3% without compromising on sensitivity and on negative predictive value (NPV). Based on the results in this study, feature values greater than 0.75 appear to be indicative of malignancy, while values less than 0.46 to be indicative of benignity. Feature values between 0.46 and 0.75 may result in an overlap between benign and malignant cases.
Fixed nitrogen atoms in the SiO2/SiC interface region and their direct relationship to interface trap density (2011)

Nitrogen atoms fixed in the SiO2/SiC interface region were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. A thin oxide film (&lt;5 Å) formed during annealing in an NO atmosphere on a (0001) 4H-SiC surface, incorporating nitrogen atoms into the interface region. Even after complete removal of the oxide layer by etching in hydrofluoric acid, XPS spectra clearly showed a strong N 1 s peak, revealing the presence of fixed nitrogen atoms with an areal density of 1014 cm−2 in the interface region. To evaluate their influence on interface traps, metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors were formed by deposition of a gate oxide layer. The fixed nitrogen atoms decrease the interface trap density after post-annealing at high temperature.
<title>Practical single photon source for quantum communications</title> (2005)

We describe a robust heralded single photon source based on parametric down conversion of CW 532-nm light in a periodically polled KTP waveguide. Low required pump power (sub-mW), reasonable operational temperature (43oC), high heralding efficiency (60%), and narrow spectral width of the heralded photons (sub-nm) make it an ideal light source for long-distance quantum communications.
Age-dependent response of murine female bone marrow cells to hyperbaric oxygen (2012)

Consequences of age on the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on bone marrow (BM) derived stem cells and progenitors (SCPs) are largely unknown. We treated 2- and 18-month old C57BL/6 female mice by HBO. Hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, enumerated as colony-forming units in culture, were doubled only in peripheral leukocytes and BM cells of young mice receiving HBO. In old mice colony-forming unit fibroblast numbers, a measure of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from BM, were high but unaffected by HBO. To further explore this finding, in BM-MSCs we quantified the transcripts of adipocyte early-differentiation genes peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β and fatty-acid binding protein 4; these transcripts were not affected by age or HBO. However, osteoblast gene transcripts runt-related transcription factor 2, osterix (OSX) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were twofold to 20-fold more abundant in MSCs from old control mice relative to those of young control mice. HBO affected expression of osteoblast markers only in old MSCs (OSX gene expression was reduced by twofold and AP expression was increased threefold). Our data demonstrate the impact of aging on the response of BM SCPs to HBO and indicate the potentially different age-related benefit of HBO in wound healing and tissue remodeling.