gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forward and reverse energy transfer in the presence of energy migration and correlations (1989)

A theoretical model of donor–acceptor kinetics in the presence of energy migration and forward and reverse energy transfer taking into account correlations between molecules in the solution is presented. The model has been developed on the base of Markoffian and non-Markoffian theory of energy transfer recently proposed by Gochanour, Andersen and Fayer [J. Chem. Phys. 70, 4254 (1979)] and Loring, Andersen and Fayer [J. Chem. Phys. 76, 2015 (1982)]. It has been shown that correlations are an important factor in the case of forward and reverse energy transfer. This non-Markoffian behavior can be investigated experimentally.
A Method for Gas Identification in Thermal Dispersion Mass Flow Meters (2014)

A novel measurement method for identifying the type of gas in a thermal dispersion mass flow meter is presented. The physical background of the gas-identification method is discussed by employing a simple, one-dimensional, mathematical model of a thermal flow sensor. For a practical realization of the gas-identification method, the thermal dispersion mass flow meter has to contain two thermal flow sensors with different constructional or operational parameters. A thermal dispersion mass flow meter containing two thermal flow sensors with circular and square cross-sections was developed and calibrated for five different gases in order to experimentally validate the gas-identification method. If the measurement characteristics for the improper gas are employed, the mass flow readings of the thermal flow sensors will generally differ. The absolute value of the relative difference in the mass flow readings can be used as an objective function for identifying the type of gas from a defined set of gases with known compositions. In addition, the normalized error is proposed as an objective function to consider the dispersion that could be reasonably attributed to the difference in the mass flow readings.
Migraine headache in adults (2004)

Introduction
Migraine affects 5-25% of women and 2-10% of men, and, although self limiting, recurrent attacks can affect daily functioning and quality of life.
High-efficiency driven Q switching of the CO<sub>2</sub>laser using the stark effect in molecular gases (1971)

High-efficiency driven <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> switching of the CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser has been observed by the use of the Stark effect in CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Cl, CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> F, CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> CHF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> = CF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , and C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Cl on various lines in both the 9.4- and 10.4-μ bands. The effect is observed with both pulsed and sinusoidal electric fields applied to the intracavity modulator.
Drugs to cure avian influenza infection – multiple ways to prevent cell death (2013)

New treatments and new drugs for avian influenza virus (AIV) infection are developed continually, but there are still high mortality rates. The main reason may be that not all cell death pathways induced by AIV were blocked by the current therapies. In this review, drugs for AIV and associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are summarized. The roles of antioxidant (vitamin C) and multiple immunomodulators (such as Celecoxib, Mesalazine and Eritoran) are discussed. The clinical care of ARDS may result in ischemia reperfusion injury to poorly ventilated alveolar cells. Cyclosporin A should effectively inhibit this kind of damages and, therefore, may be the key drug for the survival of patients with virus-induced ARDS. Treatment with protease inhibitor Ulinastatin could also protect lysosome integrity after the infection. Through these analyses, a large drug combination is proposed, which may hypothetically greatly reduce the mortality rate.
ChemInform Abstract: Binuclear Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) Complexes of the Novel Binucleating Ligand 3,6‐Bis(l′‐pyrazolyl)pyridazine. (1986)

Abstract The Complexes (I) were prepared by vadding a 114 solution of the ligand in MeCN to a solution of the metal salts in water and heating the mixture.
On-Chip Memory Architecture Exploration of Embedded System on Chip (2008)

Today’s feature-rich multimedia products require embedded system solution with complex System-on-Chip (SoC) to meet market expectations of high performance at low cost and lower energy consumption. SoCs are complex designs with multiple embedded processors, memory subsystems, and application specific peripherals. The memory architecture of embedded SoCs strongly influences the area, power and performance of the entire system. Further, the memory subsystem constitutes a major part (typically up to 70%) of the silicon area for the current day SoC. 
The on-chip memory organization of embedded processors varies widely from one SoC to another, depending on the application and market segment for which the SoC is deployed. There is a wide variety of choices available for the embedded designers, starting from simple on-chip SPRAM based architecture to more complex cache-SPRAM based hybrid architecture. The performance of a memory architecture also depends on how the data variables of the application are placed in the memory. There are multiple data layouts for each memory architecture that are efficient from a power and performance viewpoint. Further, the designer would be interested in multiple optimal design points to address various market segments. Hence a memory architecture exploration for an embedded system involves evaluating a large design space in the order of 100,000 of design points and each design points having several tens of thousands of data layouts. Due to its large impact on system performance parameters, the memory architecture is often hand-crafted by experienced designers exploring a very small subset of this design space. The vast memory design space prohibits any possibility for a manual analysis. 
In this work, we propose an automated framework for on-chip memory architecture exploration. Our proposed framework integrates memory architecture exploration and data layout to search the design space efficiently. While the memory exploration selects specific memory architectures, the data layout efficiently maps the given application on to the memory architecture under consideration and thus helps in evaluating the memory architecture. The proposed memory exploration framework works at both logical and physical memory architecture level. Our work addresses on-chip memory architecture for DSP processors that is organized as multiple memory banks, with each back can be a single/dual port banks and with non-uniform bank sizes. Further, our work also address memory architecture exploration for on-chip memory architectures that is SPRAM and cache based. Our proposed method is based on multi-objective Genetic Algorithm based and outputs several hundred Pareto-optimal design solutions that are interesting from a area, power and performance viewpoints within a few hours of running on a standard desktop configuration.
In-Domain and Out-of-Domain Data Augmentation to Improve Children’s Speaker Verification System in Limited Data Scenario (2020)

In this paper, we present our efforts towards developing a robust automatic speaker verification (ASV) system for children when the domain-specific data is limited. For that purpose, we have studied the effect of in-domain and out-of-domain data augmentation. Several different combinations of data augmentation are studied in this work. Speed and pitch perturbation of children's speech are employed for synthetically creating in-domain data to be used for augmentation. For out-of-domain data augmentation, on the other hand, adults' speech is pooled together with children's speech. At the same time, voice conversion (VC) is also applied on adults' speech to alter the acoustic attributes. VC of adults' speech makes it perceptually similar to that of children's speech. The converted adults' data is then used for augmentation. The ASV systems developed in this study employ x-vectors derived using a time-delay deep neural network. In addition to that, probabilistic linear discriminant analysis is used for scoring the performance. The explored methods of data augmentation are noted to reduce the equal error rate as well as minimum decision cost function by a large margin.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metals in Organic Synthesis. Annual Survey Covering the Year 1991 (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonlinear effects of transition broadening (1991)

Nonlinear broadening of closely spaced transitions has been studied using micromagnetics simulations. Results show a large increase in the width of a transition due to the demagnetizing field effect of earlier transitions. Based on this observation, a simple recording channel model is developed to investigate the effects of nonlinear transition broadening on detection performance. This analysis shows that the conventional peak detector is much less sensitive to the detrimental effects of nonlinearity than the more advanced partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) scheme, mainly due to the extra transition spacing provided by the minimum run-length-limited constraint. This result suggests that in order to preserve the improved signal detection capability of advanced signal processing schemes like PRML, reduction of nonlinearity is essential in the media design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased migration and metastatic potential of tumor cells expressing aquaporin water channels (2006)

Aquaporin (AQP) water channels are expressed in high-grade tumor cells of different tissue origins. Based on the involvement of AQPs in angiogenesis and cell migration, we tested whether AQP expression in tumor cells might enhance their migration and metastatic potential. Transfection of B16F10 and 4T1 tumor cells with AQP1 did not affect their appearance, size, growth, or substrate adherence but increased their plasma membrane osmotic water permeability by 5- to 10-fold. In vitro analysis of cell migration by transwell assay, wound healing and video microscopy showed a 2- to 3-fold accelerated migration of the AQP1-expressing tumor cells compared to control cells. In mice, AQP1 expression increased tumor cell extravasation by >1.5-fold as quantified by counting tumor cells in lung at 6 h after tail vein injection of a mixture of fluorescently tagged AQP1-expressing and control tumor cells. AQP1 expression also increased by 3-fold the number of lung metastases 14 days after tail vein injection of tumor cells, with alveolar wall infiltration seen with AQP1-expressing tumor cells. Our results provide evidence for AQP-facilitated tumor cell migration and spread, suggesting a novel function for AQP expression in high-grade tumors. AQP inhibition may thus reduce the metastatic potential of some tumors.
Shiʿi Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq. The ʿUlamaʾ of Najaf and Karbala’. (Cambridge Middle East Studies 10). By Meir Litvak, pp. xiv, 225, 1 map, tables, glossary, notes, bibliography, index. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. (2000)

Shiʿi Scholars of Nineteenth-Century Iraq. The ʿUlamaʾ of Najaf and Karbala’. (Cambridge Middle East Studies 10). By Meir Litvak, pp. xiv, 225, 1 map, tables, glossary, notes, bibliography, index. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. - Volume 10 Issue 1
Unidirectional motility of Escherichia coli in restrictive capillaries (1995)

In a 6-microns capillary filled with buffer and in the absence of any chemotactic stimuli, Escherichia coli K-12 cells swim persistently in only one direction. This behavior of E. coli can be simply explained by means of the length and relative rigidity of their flagella. Single-cell motility parameters--swimming speed, turn angle, and run length time--were measured. Compared with the motility parameters measured in bulk phase, turn angle was influenced because of the effect of the geometrical restriction.
Distinct Molecular Pathways Mediate Progesterone-Induced Growth Inhibition And Focal Adhesion (2003)

We have reported previously that reactivation of progesterone receptor (PR) expression in estrogen receptor (ER)- and PR-negative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells enabled progesterone to inhibit cell growth and invasiveness, and to induce remarkable focal adhesions. The present study addressed molecular mechanisms that mediate these anticancer effects of progesterone in the PR-transfected breast cancer cells ABC28. In response to progesterone treatment are the marked up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein p21WAF1/CIP1 and decreased expression of cyclin A, cyclin B1, and cyclin D1 that are required for G1 progression and during cell mitosis. Progesterone also induced down-regulation of phosphorylated MAPK (p42/44 MAPK). Furthermore, this study also demonstrated that MEK inhibitor PD98059 that inhibits the phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK also caused reduction of cyclin D1 level and inhibition of cell proliferation. These results suggest that inhibition of p42/44 MAPK pathway is part of the mechanisms mediating progesterone's growth-inhibitory effect. On the other hand, progesterone-induced focal adhesion is mediated by separate pathway. Whereas PD98059 exhibited no effects on cell adhesion, inhibitory antibody to beta1-integrin was able to reverse progesterone-induced focal adhesion and progesterone-induced increase in the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. On the other hand, beta1-integrin antibody had no effect on progesterone-mediated growth inhibition and on progesterone-mediated expression of cyclins p21CIP1/WAF1 and phosphorylation of P42/P44 MAPK. In the context of complex functions of progesterone in breast cancer and reproductive organs, identification of distinct pathways offers new strategies for designing therapeutic agents to target the specific pathway so as to minimize the side effects.
Regression test selection by exclusion using decomposition slicing (2009)

This research uses an exclusive technique to reduce the regression tests size. Exclusive technique means that a large number of tests will be excluded and leave a relatively small but safe test set. Decomposition slicing is used to empirically investigate whether it can reduce regression tests by an exclusive technique. Decomposition slicing provides a technique to identify the unchanged parts of the system. An exclusive technique will be analysed using an existing analysing framework to compare with its counterpart, the inclusive technique. This research expects to propose a new safe regression test selection by an exclusion technique using decomposition slicing.
Mechanism of Fretting Corrosion (1954)

Abstract A review of the facts suggests that the mechanism of fretting corrosion includes a chemical factor and a mechanical factor, with observed damage, in general, resulting from both. An asperity rubbing on a metal surface is considered to produce a track of clean metal which immediately oxidizes, or upon which gas rapidly adsorbs. The next asperity wipes off the oxide or initiates reaction of metal with adsorbed gas to form oxide. This is the so-called chemical factor of fretting. In addition, asperities dig below the surface to cause a certain amount of wear by welding or shearing action in which metal particles are dislodged. This is the mechanical factor of fretting. Metallic debris produced by fretting is thought not to oxidize spontaneously, as proposed by the molecular-attrition theory, but instead converts partially to iron oxide by secondary fretting action of particles rubbing against themselves or adjacent surfaces. This accounts for the fact that Fe2O3 is found by x ray to be the major corrosion product and metallic iron is present, if at all, in only very small amount. The quantitative expression for fretting corrosion derived on the basis of the foregoing model for relatively large values of load, frequency, and slip is W ( total ) = ( k 0 L 1 ⁄ 2 - k 1 L ) C f + k 2 l L C where W is the specimen weight loss, L is the load, C is the number of cycles, f is the frequency, l the slip, and k0, k1, and k2 are constants. The first two terms are the chemical factor of fretting corrosion and the third term is the mechanical factor. Accordingly, the equation predicts that fretting-corrosion weight loss is a hyperbolic function of frequency, is parabolic with load and linear with number of cycles or magnitude of slip. Furthermore, the terms concerned with a frequency effect disappear when the chemical factor is suppressed, as is observed when fretting tests are conducted in nitrogen. These conclusions are confirmed by the reported data. In addition, the calculated reaction-rate constant for oxidation of a freshly formed iron surface obtained from fretting data is reasonable and falls between two independently observed values. In our experiments, the chemical or corrosion factor falls within 6 to 78 per cent of the total observed fretting damage, depending on conditions of test. Remedial measures are outlined in light of the data and the proposed mechanism.
High bandwidth low power interposer interconnect challenge, design, and validation in 3D silicon stacked interconnect (SSI) technology (2016)

This paper describes the characteristics of interposer interconnects in 3D silicon stacked interconnect (SSI) technology in comparison to traditional silicon interconnects. It explores unique near end crosstalk (NEXT) and far end crosstalk (FEXT) behavior of simple interposer interconnect structure with simulation results. Six different routing structures were investigated for I/O density and signal integrity trade-off with emphasis in timing impact due to crosstalk. Analysis shows that the four routing structures with lower I/O density meet timing requirement set for 625MHz, whereas the remaining two routing structures with higher I/O density fail. The routing structure that demonstrates the best trade-off was implemented in a SSI technology test chip. Lab data shows that the timing impact from simultaneous switching noise (SSN) is less than 20% of timing budget at 625MHz targeted operating frequency.
Kinematics, Dynamics, and Controller Design for the Contour Crafting Cartesian Cable (C4) Robot (2008)

The Contour Crafting Cartesian Cable (C4) Robot is a type of cable-suspended robot that applies Contour Crafting (CC) technology.CC Technology is a new technology that is used to build construction layer by layer automatically.A cablesuspended robot is simpler in its form than traditional robots.Due to its large workspace, it has brought engineers' interest in building construction, transporting goods, and simulating the outer space environment.This thesis introduces how to use the cablesuspended robot that is combined with CC technology to enable automated housebuilding.Five different C4 robot design concepts are proposed and evaluated.After eliminating the unqualified, the remaining two concepts were tested by four stricter criteria: kinematics, dynamics, workspace, and stiffness.Then, the final suggested C4 robot is chosen based on the objective of controller design and performance.This thesis also focus on a key problem ---how to maintain cable positive tensions during the CC process for all motions.
Van der Waals forces in oil–water systems from the study of thin lipid films - I. Measurement of the contact angle and the estimation of the van der Waals free energy of thinning of a film (1975)

Abstract Free energies of formation of ‘black’ lipid films have been determined from measurements of their contact angles. The contact angles were calculated from the interference fringes formed in monochromatic light reflected from either the Plateau–Gibbs border or from lenses of bulk lipid solution trapped in the films. It is concluded that the electrostatic repulsion between the two surfaces of a film is negligibly small and that the ‘ steric’ interaction between the adsorbed monolayers of lipid molecules is of such short range that the free energy change during film formation originates almost entirely from work done by the van der Waals forces. The free energies determined for a range of different films all agree to within a factor of three with the free energy calculated from Lifshitz theory for water phases interacting across an isotropic layer of liquid hydrocarbon. Nevertheless, a systematic trend in the experimental data suggests that this picture of the lipid film is too simple and that either the polar groups of the lipid or the structure of the hydrocarbon region (or both) of the film have a significant influence on the results.
VFSM executable specification (2003)

A software design method is presented, based on a virtual finite state machine (VFSM) concept. The concept defines a virtual environment that allows the finite state machine to be an entirely table driven software module. A hybrid finite state model is used to achieve a superior design clarity. The method separates the control part of the design problem from the data manipulation part. The specification of the control part is directly executable. The control part is not coded. It is expressed in a table that is executed by the virtual finite state machine executor. The concept of virtual environment has been utilized for the design of complex software control systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hardware Acceleration of Smith-Waterman Algorithm for Short Read DNA Alignment Using FPGA. (2016)

The Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are highly attractive options for hardware implementations of Bioinformatics algorithms as they provide physical security and potentially higher performance than software solutions. The Smith-Waterman algorithm is the most accurate local alignment algorithm for DNA and protein sequencing. However the existing parallel Smith-Waterman algorithm needs extra memory space and this limits the size of a sequence to be aligned. As the data of biological banks expands exponentially, so we develop a new hardware parallel bi-sequence and tri-sequence alignment algorithm, using the strategy of divide and extend. This paper suggests hardware architecture for the Smith Waterman algorithm using Xilinx ZYNQ-7000 FPGA. Then we present the efficiency and utilization of our Parallel Smith Waterman over sequential algorithm. After that the simulated implementations of the algorithm presented to perform the most suitable hardware architecture within Xilinx ZYNQ-7000 FPGA which speeds up the algorithm by 28.4x with less Utilization and 29.4 more efficiency.