gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of stacked-emitter layer for high efficiency amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells (2014)

A modified emitter, of stacked two layer structure, was investigated for high-efficiency amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction (HJ) solar cells. Surface area of the cells was 181.5 cm2. The emitter was designed to achieve a high open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). When doping of the emitter layer was increased, it was observed that the silicon dihydride related structural defects within the films increased, and the Voc of the HJ cell decreased. On the other hand, while the doping concentration of the emitter was reduced the FF of the cell reduced. Therefore, a combination of a high conductivity and low defects of a single emitter layer appears difficult to obtain, yet becomes necessary to improve the cell performance. So, we investigated a stacked-emitter with low-doped/high-doped double layer structure. A low-doped emitter with reduced defect density was deposited over the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon passivation layer, while the high-doped emitter with high conductivity was deposited over the low-doped emitter. The effects of doping and defect density of the emitter, on the device performance, were elucidated by using computer simulation and an optimized device structure was formulated. The simulation was performed with the help of Automat for the Simulation of Heterostructures simulation software. Finally, based on the simulation results, amorphous/crystalline heterojunction silicon solar cells were optimized by reducing density of defect states in the stacked-emitter structure and we obtained 725 mV, 77.41%, and 19.0% as the open-circuit voltage, fill factor, and photo-voltaic conversion efficiency of the device, respectively.
Yugen: The Stillness and the Dancing Robert Helpmann's New Ballet (1965)

A critical review of the ballet 'Yugen' choreographed by Robert Helpmann is presented. It is considered a work of elegant simplicity, which uses restrictive movements of dancers and focuses on poses to produce maximum effect and connection with the audiences.
[Preparation and stability of digalactosyl diglyceride as emulsifier for sub-microemulsion]. (2009)

To study the feasibility of digalactosyl diglyceride (DGDG) , which was used as a new type of emulsifier to prepare submicro-emulsion of bay oil.Bay oil was employed as the model drug, emulsifer in oil method was used to prepare foremilk. Through single factor investigation and central composite design-response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) , we optimized the preparation technology and formula respectively. The stability of sub-microemulsion was studied.The optima technology was following: emulsifer in oil method was used to prepare foremilk, temp was 60 degrees C, the micro emulsion was prepared by two-step high pressure homogen method with that the pressure was 80 Pa, 10 times, micropore film was used to sterilize, filling and sealing at the preservation of nitrogen. The best formula was following: soybean oil was 1.1%, DGDG was 1.6%, and sodium oleate was 0. 16%. The particle size of three batch submicro-emulsions were from 168.0 to 169.3 nm; Zeta potential were from-25.53 to 24.90 mV, pH value were from 8.48 to 8.52. The deviation between measured value and predictive value was 1.8%. It was stable in high temperature and illumination.DGDG can be used as the emulsifier of bay oil sub-microemulsion.
Improving Pairwise Ranking for Multi-label Image Classification (2017)

Learning to rank has recently emerged as an attractive technique to train deep convolutional neural networks for various computer vision tasks. Pairwise ranking, in particular, has been successful in multi-label image classification, achieving state-of-the-art results on various benchmarks. However, most existing approaches use the hinge loss to train their models, which is non-smooth and thus is difficult to optimize especially with deep networks. Furthermore, they employ simple heuristics, such as top-k or thresholding, to determine which labels to include in the output from a ranked list of labels, which limits their use in the real-world setting. In this work, we propose two techniques to improve pairwise ranking based multi-label image classification by solving the aforementioned problems: (1) we propose a novel loss function for pairwise ranking, which is smooth everywhere, and (2) we incorporate a label decision module into the model, estimating the optimal confidence thresholds for each visual concept. We provide theoretical analyses of our loss function from the point of view of the Bayes consistency and risk minimization, and show its benefit over existing pairwise ranking formulations. We also demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on two large-scale datasets, NUS-WIDE and MS-COCO, achieving the best reported result in the literature.
Rate of cognitive decline in relation to sex after 60 years‐of‐age: A systematic review (2013)

Some studies have shown differences in specific cognitive ability domains between the sexes at 60 years-of-age. However is important to analyze whether the rate of cognitive decline is also similar between the sexes after this age. The present study examined previously published literature to investigate whether cognitive decline is distinct between men and women after the age of 60 years. A systematic review was carried out with the PubMed, LILACS and PsycINFO databases (2001-2011) using the following search terms: aging, aged, cognitive function, mild cognitive impairment, mental health and cognition. We analyzed longitudinal research that used neuropsychological tests for evaluating cognitive function, showed results separated by sex and that excluded participants with dementia. Elderly women showed better performance in tests of episodic memory, whereas elderly men had a better visuospatial ability. Only one study detected distinct rates of cognitive decline in specific tests between the sexes. Despite differences observed in some domains, most of the studies showed that this rate is similar between the sexes until the age of 80 years. It is unclear whether sex influences the rate of cognitive decline after the age of 80 years. The present review observed that sex does not determine the rate of cognitive decline between 60 and 80 years-of-age. The contextual and cultural factors that involve men and women might determine a distinct decline between them, rather than sex alone.
Laser-Induced Damage of Optical Materials (2003)

The laser power handling capacities of optical systems are determined by the physical properties of their component materials. At low intensity levels these factors are not important, but an understanding of damage mechanisms is fundamental to good design of laser products operating at high power. Laser Induced Damage of Optical Materials presents
Overpopulation and overconsumption. Combating the two main drivers of global destruction [editorial] (1993)

Commentary is directed to the accomplishments of the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro and responses to overpopulation. The benefit of the summit was not in the agreements but in the debate. The overwhelming understanding was that environmental degradation is linked with overpopulation poverty development excessive consumption and relations between rich and poor nations. Inadequate attention in the final statement was directed to overpopulation and overconsumption. The US President in a reelection position remained noncommittal on overconsumption. The Vatican and anti-abortion lobbies influenced the position on overpopulation. Population control will be a sensitive issues in the 1990s because rich countries are in an awkward portion to preach about overpopulation to poor countries where most population growth is occurring. There are many complex factors involved with the issue of population growth. State intervention in personal decision making has not always as in the case of India and China been without excess. Politicians are afraid of losing the Catholic vote. Mistakes have been made in the dire predictions of the 1960s. None of these reasons is sufficient to ignore or become bored with overpopulation. Population growth has resulted from lower global death rates and birth rates which have fallen only in the rich world. It is likely that world population will grown by 3.5 billion or more to reach 8 billion in 2025. This means a fourfold decrease over 100 years. Population must be kept on government agendas at the village state and international level. One way to accomplish this end is for physicians to become more politically involved within their profession and in conjunction with other professions. Collaboration between professions will contribute to better solutions and to a larger pressure group at the world conference on overpopulation in Cairo in order to overwhelm the small interests that dominated past world conferences. Notwithstanding population increases energy consumption increases grew even faster. Energy consumption grew from 1 terawatt in 1890 to 3.3 terawatts in 1950 and to 13.7 terawatts in 1990. So far growth is concentrated in developed countries and is linked with standard of living. Energy availability will not keep pace with demand.
RNA Signal Amplifier Circuit with Integrated Fluorescence Output (2014)

We designed an in vitro signal amplification circuit that takes a short RNA input that catalytically activates the Spinach RNA aptamer to produce a fluorescent output. The circuit consists of three RNA strands: an internally blocked Spinach aptamer, a fuel strand, and an input strand (catalyst), as well as the Spinach aptamer ligand 3,5-difluoro-4-hydroxylbenzylidene imidazolinone (DFHBI). The input strand initially displaces the internal inhibitory strand to activate the fluorescent aptamer while exposing a toehold to which the fuel strand can bind to further displace and recycle the input strand. Under a favorable condition, one input strand was able to activate up to five molecules of the internally blocked Spinach aptamer in 185 min at 30 °C. The simple RNA circuit reported here serves as a model for catalytic activation of arbitrary RNA effectors by chemical triggers.
Chinese-English Translation of Color Words under Cross-culture Vision (2008)

Except for showing the various colors of nature, color terms also express rich emotions and have cultural connotation. The pragmatic meaning of color words may be similar,different or be made cultural zero in the different languages. So it is necessary to get the identity from the difference when we translate the color words, and it is of practical significance to know the differences between English and Chinese color words and their extended meaning for developing translating practice and promoting Chinese-English cultural communication.
Co-simulation framework for AUTOSAR multi-core processors with message-based Network-on-Chips (2016)

Simulation environments play a very important role in the development of embedded systems helping system architects in exploring design decisions. However, the simulation of AUTOSAR multi-core processors with Network-on-Chips (NoCs) for inter-core communication is still a significant research problem. Message-based NoCs provide significant advantages for real-time embedded systems as in the case of the automobile industry. Such a simulation would provide early insights into the real-time behavior of the AUTOSAR application on the message-based multi-core chip. This paper presents as a novel contribution a co-simulation framework supporting the integration of the AUTOSAR architecture with NoC-based platforms. We describe a simulation model for application cores playing the role of virtual AUTOSAR ECUs on the MPSoC platform. The framework introduces an interface for the co-simulation of simulation models for the AUTOSAR-based software (virtual ECUs), the natural environment and the NoC behavior. This co-simulation interface combines a Functional Mock-up Unit (FMU) and a local coordinator for the synchronization and the data exchange between the simulators hosting the simulation models. The implementation is performed using the VEOS simulator for the AUTOSAR-based software and physical environment models, and the GEM5 simulator for the on-chip communication level. An anti-lock braking use case serves for the evaluation of the co-simulation framework. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>
Storage organization and management in TENEX (1972)

In early 1969, BBN began an effort aimed at developing a new time-shared operating system. It was felt at the time that none of the commercially available systems could meet the needs of the research planned and in progress at BBN. The foremost requirement of the desired operating system was that it support a directly addressed process memory in which large list-processing computations could be performed. The cost of core storage prohibited the acquisition of sufficient memory for even one such process, and the problems of swapping such very large processes in a time-sharing environment made that solution technically infeasible as well.
Microfluidic devices for high‐throughput proteome analyses (2012)

Over the last decades, microfabricated bioanalytical platforms have gained enormous interest due to their potential to revolutionize biological analytics. Their popularity is based on several key properties, such as high flexibility of design, low sample consumption, rapid analysis time, and minimization of manual handling steps, which are of interest for proteomics analyses. An ideal totally integrated chip-based microfluidic device could allow rapid automated workflows starting from cell cultivation and ending with MS-based proteome analysis. By reducing or eliminating sample handling and transfer steps and increasing the throughput of analyses these workflows would dramatically improve the reliability, reproducibility, and throughput of proteomic investigations. While these complete devices do not exist for routine use yet, many improvements have been made in the translation of proteomic sample handling and separation steps into microfluidic formats. In this review, we will focus on recent developments and strategies to enable and integrate proteomic workflows into microfluidic devices.
Effects of HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors in Combination (2004)

Inhibiting the HIV-1 entry process offer a new therapeutic target and the hope to potentialize our current treatments against wild-type or drug-resistant viruses. Several inhibitors of CD4, co-receptor CCR5 or CXCR4 and fusion are at various levels of clinical development. How best to use this class of drugs in our therapeutic arsenal remains to be defined. It is likely that these compounds will not be used as monotherapy. Therefore, it is important to evaluate how these drugs will interact among themselves as well as with antiretrovirals from other classes. Drug interactions can range from synergy to antagonism depending on factors including binding affinity, drug concentrations, and pharmacokinetics. In the case of entry inhibitors, one must also consider that the entry of HIV-1 into the cell is a multi-step process that involve cumulative events which are interdependent. Furthermore, polymorphism both in the coreceptors and in gp120, the density of coreceptors, and the binding site of the drug may also affect efficacy. Therefore it is difficult to predict how blocking one step of the process will affect the subsequent one without carefully studying interactions of each potential combination in an in vitro system. So far, studies of interactions between fusion inhibitors and coreceptor inhibitors have shown a high level of synergy. Similar studies performed with two co-receptor inhibitors have shown results varying from synergy to high antagonism depending on the viral isolate and the compounds used. In the following chapter, we will review some concepts of mechanisms that may affect these interactions.
Optimization method for permanent-magnet structures (1999)

A nonlinear optimization method useful for designing permanent-magnet structures is presented. The method determines an optimal arrangement of magnetic material so that the magnitude of the remanence is spatially uniform and the field generated by the magnet satisfies a set of prescribed linear constraints. In addition, it is shown how to impose auxiliary conditions on the remanence in order to simplify a magnet's fabrication. A uniform magnitude of the remanence is necessary if a magnet is to be constructed out of a single type of magnetic material.
Regionalism and East Asian Economic Integration (2008)

The wave of economic globalization moves to all the countries in the world to be integrated with multilateralism and by promotion of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade/World Trade Organization (GATT/WTO). Meanwhile, the growth of regional economic integration has been one of the major developments in international economic relations, and undoubtedly regionalism is a part of the global economic environment. The objective of the paper is to review the trends and highlight the prospects for enhancing economic integration in East Asia. This paper has argued that the emerging East Asian economies have achieved sustained economic development and poverty reduction through domestic structural, institutional and governance reforms as well as through market-driven integration with the global and regional markets. Though this process was temporarily interrupted by the Asian financial crisis in 1997-1998, the economies have pursued further liberalization and reforms, deepened economic integration through trade, FDI and finance, and regained dynamic growth. The author argues that the reasonable choice for Eastern Asian countries is to deepen their economic integration and the optimal strategy is fostering economic integration with institutional cooperation.
Performance analysis of NNF-class target tracking algorithms applied to benchmark problem (2004)

In target tracking system, accurate target state estimation is required to accomplish efficient radar beam pointing control even in a cluttered environment. State estimation accuracy is degraded by false alarms due to clutters and jamming by intelligent targets. The NNF (nearest neighbor filter) is widely used for tracking a target in a cluttered environment for its computational simplicity. One drawback of the NNF stems from the fact that the selected NN is a false measurement. To improve the performance of the NNF, the PNNF is suggested to consider the probability of the event that the selected NN is the target-originated measurement. The PNNF-m is a new data association with the NN by incorporating the number of validated measurements into design of the PNNF. In this paper, tracking filter algorithms combined with nearest neighbor data association have been applied to the benchmark problem of target tracking algorithms for MPAR (monopulse phased array radar) to compare the tracking performance in the realistic situation where the spatial density of false measurements in the validation region is unknown. Also the performance comparison of the NNF-class filters and the PDAF is included.
An evaluation of dapsone gel 5% in the treatment of acne vulgaris (2009)

Clinical studies indicate dapsone gel 5% is effective in treating mild to moderately severe acne. It is well tolerated, with pharmacokinetic evidence indicating topical dosing in comparison to oral administration significantly reduces systemic concentrations of the drug, and therefore risk of serious side effects. Data suggests that dapsone gel 5% has the potential to become an established topical drug for the treatment of acne vulgaris. However, studies comparing the clinical effectiveness of the dapsone gel 5% to other available topical antiacne drugs are needed as are studies accessing its usefulness and safety when combined with other acne pharmaceuticals.
Fusion and merging of multispectral images with use of multiscale fundamental forms (2001)

A new multispectral image wavelet representation is introduced, based on multiscale fundamental forms. This representation describes gradient information of multispectral images in a multiresolution framework. The representation is, in particular, extremely suited for fusion and merging of multispectral images. For fusion as well as for merging, a strategy is described. Experiments are performed on multispectral images, where Landsat Thematic Mapper images are fused and merged with SPOT Panchromatic images. The proposed techniques are compared with wavelet-based techniques described in the literature.
Overexpression of <i>fIbA</i>, an early regulator of Aspergillus asexual sporulation, leads to activation of <i>brIA</i> and premature initiation of development (1994)

Aspergillus nidulans reproduces asexually by forming thousands of mitotically derived spores atop highly specialized multicellular organs termed conidiophores. We have identified a gene called flbA (for fluffy low brlA expression) that is required for initiation of A. nidulans conidiophore development. flbA mutants form abnormal colonies that have a distinct fluffy phenotype characterized by tightly interwoven aerial hyphae that autolyse as the colony matures. The requirement for flbA in conidiophore development precedes activation of brlA, a primary regulator of conidiophore development. The wild-type flbA gene was isolated and found to encode a 3.0 kb mRNA that is expressed throughout the A. nidulans asexual life cycle. Overexpression of flbA using an inducible promoter resulted in misscheduled expression of brlA in vegetative cells and caused hyphal tips to differentiate into spore-producing structures. Sequence analysis of a nearly full-length flbA cDNA clone showed that flbA is predicted to encode a 717-amino-acid polypeptide with 30% identity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SST2 protein. SST2 is required by yeast cells for resuming growth following prolonged exposure to yeast mating pheromone and for mating partner discrimination. We propose that flbA plays a related role in a signalling pathway for Aspergillus conidiophore development.
Specification and Design of Cyber Physical Systems Based on System of Systems Engineering Approach (2018)

Cyber-physical Systems of Systems (CPSoS) are large complex systems where physical elements interact with and are controlled by a large number of distributed and net-worked computing elements and human users. A SoS is an integration of a finite number of constituent systems which are independent and operable, and which are networked together for a period of time to achieve a certain higher goal. In order to specify and model such kind of systems, we need develop specification and modeling methods which would be capable to encompass the systems of systems (SoS) specific properties of cyber physical systems. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm for specifying and modeling cyber physical systems based on system-of-systems approach. We propose an approach to support specification and modeling cyber physical systems based on systems of systems engineering by integrating AADL, Modelicalml and other modeling language. On the basis of the hierarchical concept of industrial CPS system, a hierarchical design scheme of industrial CPSoS system based on OPC UA heterogeneous data integration processing is proposed. This paper will also use AADL for modeling CPS on three levels: 1). robot on the unit level; 2) workshops of smart factory on the system level 3) intellectual factory on the SOS level. For the physical aspect of cyber physical system, this paper will propose a method to combine modelical, Simulink and AADL model to model a unit robot which can interaction with real environment.