gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tests show organic clay stabilizers prevent permeability loss (1994)

Water sensitivity of sandstones can result in rapid and severe permeability impairment if freshwater displaces saline connate water from pore spaces of formation rock. Reduced permeability can decrease the production potential of a well. Laboratory test on sandstone cores show that organic clay stabilizers (OCS) are as effective at preventing permeability reduction from freshwater exposure as commonly used potassium chloride (KCl). Although organic clay stabilizers are widely used, only limited laboratory testing has confirmed their effectiveness at preventing permeability reduction attributable to a formation's water sensitivity. Existing test results on one class of OCS indicated satisfactory performance as a KCl replacement; however, the test procedure included only short cores and the simulated brine used for testing was sodium chloride (NaCl) at 5 % concentration. The recent work included a series of short-core and long-core laboratory tests made at various salinity levels and OCS concentrations. The OCS tested is a high-concentration, non-surface active, ammonium salt in an aqueous fluid.
MuTMuT: Efficient Exploration for Mutation Testing of Multithreaded Code (2010)

Mutation testing is a method for measuring the quality of test suites. Given a system under test and a test suite, mutations are systematically inserted into the system, and the test suite is executed to determine which mutants it detects. A major cost of mutation testing is the time required to execute the test suite on all the mutants. This cost is even greater when the system under test is multithreaded: not only are test cases from the test suite executed on many mutants, but also each test case is executed for multiple possible thread schedules. We introduce a general framework that can reduce the time for mutation testing of multithreaded code. We present four techniques within the general framework and implement two of them in a tool called MuTMuT. We evaluate MuTMuT on eight multithreaded programs. The results show that MuTMuT reduces the time for mutation testing, substantially over a straightforward mutant execution and up to 77% with the advanced technique over the basic technique.
New Configuration for T/R Switches Used in RF Transmitters (1997)

Maty RF simplex transceivers employ a T/R switch configuration to switch between receive and transmit modes of operation. These switches usually employ a series switching diode on the transmit path. This diode is problematic; it introduces additional loss on the transmit path which can stress the final power stage of the transmitter; it presents a potential hot spot, the series configuration making it difficult to heat sink and it is also expensive since it is by definition a higher power diode. In addition it usually requires a high biasing current when in transmit mode. These problems are especially pronounced in higher power applications. The following paper presents a new T/R switch configuration which solves all the above problems.
Optimal gain scheduling controller for a diesel engine (1994)

A generalized gain scheduling control mechanism based on off-line optimization techniques has been developed for a 2-cylinder, water cooled diesel engine. First, a set of linearized models is obtained for the engine operating at three different speeds and a total of 15 load conditions. From the experimental data analysis, it is concluded that the behavior of the engine can best be characterized by a set of fifth order difference equations with appropriate time delays. Optimal controllers with a PID structure are then synthesized by off-line numerical optimization using these mathematical models to minimize the integral squared error of the engine speed deviation subject to a step speed change command. The designed control system has been implemented and tested on a Petter diesel engine (Model PH2W). Experimental results indicated that the designed optimal control strategy has greatly improved the performance of the original engine in terms of both speed regulation and disturbance rejection. Attempts have also been made to evaluate the fuel efficiency of the engine with respect to controller parameter variations. It is concluded that there exists a strong correlation between controller parameter settings and the engine fuel consumption rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An efficient tree-based topology for network-on-chip (2011)

Performance of the network is measured in the term of throughput. The throughput and efficiency of interconnect depends on network parameters of the topology. Therefore, topology of any communication networks has an important role to play for efficient design of network. This paper considers the design of efficient topology based on binary trees structure. We have obtained degree of proposed topology as 6×(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n-1</sup> )-4/2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> -1, while the diameter of topology is obtained as D=1+2×(n-1). The degree of proposed topology is 25% less than the torus along with drastic reduction in the diameter of proposed topology. The paper also presents an efficient BST based routing algorithm and layout of the proposed topology that could be easily extended for 3-D NoC architectures.
Ecology of Lyme disease. (1989)

Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted from wild animals to humans by the bite of Ixodes dammini. This tick is common in many areas of southern Connecticut where it parasitizes three different host animals during its two-year life cycle. Larval and nymphal ticks have parasitized 31 different species of mammals and 49 species of birds. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) appear to be crucial hosts for adult ticks. All three feeding stages of the tick parasitize humans, though most infections are acquired from feeding nymphs in May through early July. Reservoir hosts for the spirochete include rodents, other mammals, and even birds. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) are particularly important reservoirs, and in parts of southern Connecticut where Lyme disease is prevalent in humans, borreliae are universally present during the summer in these mice. Prevalence of infected ticks has ranged from 10-35%. Isolates of B. burgdorferi from humans, rodents, and I. dammini are usually indistinguishable, but strains of B. burgdorferi with different major proteins have been identified.
Location Estimation of Obstacles for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle (2006)

As the mission field for autonomous vehicles expands into a larger variety of territories, the development of autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) becomes increasingly important. ASVs have the potential to travel for long periods of time in areas that cannot be reached by aerial, ground, or underwater autonomous vehicles. ASVs are useful for a variety of missions, including bathymetric mapping, communication with other autonomous vehicles, military reconnaissance and surveillance, and environmental data collecting. Critical to an ASV's ability to maneuver without human intervention is its ability to detect obstacles, including the shoreline. Prior topological knowledge of the environment is not always available or, in dynamic environments, reliable. While many existing obstacle detection systems can only detect 3D obstacles at close range via a laser or radar signal, vision systems have the potential to detect obstacles both near and far, including "flat" obstacles such as the shoreline. The challenge lies in processing the images acquired by the vision system and extracting useful information. While this thesis does not address the issue of processing the images to locate the pixel positions of the obstacles, we assume that we have these processed images available. We present an algorithm that takes these processed images and, by incorporating the kinematic model of the ASV, maps the pixel locations of the obstacles into a global coordinate system. An Extended Kalman Filter is used to localize the ASV and the surrounding obstacles.
Oligonucleotides Complementary to the <i>Oxytricha nova</i> Telomerase RNA Delineate the Template Domain and Uncover a Novel Mode of Primer Utilization (1994)

The telomerase reverse transcriptase uses an essential RNA subunit as a template to direct telomeric DNA synthesis. The 190-nucleotide Oxytricha nova telomerase RNA was identified by using an oligonucleotide probe complementary to the predicted CCCCAAAA template. This RNA displays extensive sequence similarity to the Euplotes crassus telomerase RNA and carries the same 5' CAAAACCCCAAAACC 3' telomeric domain. Antisense oligonucleotides were used to map the boundaries of the functional template and to investigate the mechanism of primer recognition and elongation. On the basis of their ability to inhibit or to prime telomerase, oligonucleotides were classified into three categories. Category 1 oligonucleotides, which extended 5' of residue 42 in the RNA, abolished elongation of (T4G4)3 and (G4T4)3 primers in vitro. In contrast, oligonucleotides terminating between residues 42 and 50 (categories 2 and 3), served as efficient telomerase primers. We conclude that the O. nova template comprises residues 42 to 50 in the 190-nucleotide RNA, a different set of nucleotides than are used by the E. crassus enzyme. Category 2 primer reactions amassed short products, and their abundance could be decreased by altering the 5' sequence of the primer, consistent with the two-primer-binding-site model for telomerase. Category 3 primers generated a bimodal distribution of short and long products, each having a unique elongation profile. The long-product profile is inconsistent with sequence-specific primer alignment. Rather, each primer was extended by the same register of TTTTGGGG repeats, suggesting shuttling to a default position within the template. The parallels between telomerase and RNA polymerase elongation mechanisms are discussed.
Prognostic significance of cyclin D1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with surgery alone or combined therapy modalities (1999)

In the present study, the expression of cyclin D1, as detected by immunohistochemistry, was compared with other prognostic variables and its prognostic impact was evaluated in a group of 172 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus who underwent potentially curative resection therapy and in a second group of 38 patients with SCC of the esophagus who were treated by combined modality therapy (radiochemotherapy +/- surgery). Expression of cyclin D1 in surgically treated carcinomas correlated negatively with tumor differentiation (p = 0.026) but positively with mitotic activity (p = 0.0199) and nodal status (p = 0.040). There were no significant correlations with pT category. Patients with cyclin D1-positive carcinomas showed significantly worse overall survival than patients with cyclin D1-negative carcinomas, both in univariate (p = 0.0016) and in multivariate survival analyses (p = 0.0038). Expression of cyclin D1 in carcinomas with multimodal treatment was correlated with poor response to chemotherapy (p = 0.026) but not with overall survival. We thus consider expression of cyclin D1 to be an important parameter, predicting an unfavorable overall survival of surgically treated esophageal cancer patients.
Effects of synthetic thymopoietin II Fragments on E-rosette forming cells of a rheumatoid arthritis patient. (1981)

An octadecapeptide, H-Arg-Lys-Asp-Val-Tyr-Val-Gln-Leu-Tyr-Leu-Gln-Thr-Leu-Thr-Ala-Val-Lys-Arg-OH, corresponding to the C-terminal portion of thymopoietin II was synthesized using protecting groups removable by hydrogen fluoride treatment. The in vitro addition of the synthetic octadecapeptide was able to restore the low E-rosette forming capacity of cells in a rheumatoid arthritis patient to normal levels. The in vitro effects of pentapeptide (positions 32-36), nonapeptide (positions 33-41) and decapeptide (positions 32-41) fragments of thymopoietin on the low E-rosette forming capacity of cells of a rheumatoid arthritis patient were also compared with that of the synthetic octadecapeptide. The relative potency of the pentapeptide was 10.56 and that of the decapeptide was 25.43 based on the octadecapeptide (100.00) as a standard, but the nonapeptide was ineffective.
Sequence of a Chicken Phenobarbital-Inducible Cytochrome P450 cDNA: Regulation of Two P450 mRNAs Transcribed from Different Genes (1989)

The nucleic acid and derived amino acid sequences of a chicken phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P450 cDNA clone, pCHP7, are presented. The amino acid sequence shares 92% identity with that of a previously characterized chicken cytochrome P450 cDNA clone, pCHP3. The two clones, pCHP7 and pCHP3, represent two distinct mRNAs of 2.2 and 3.5 kb and appear to be transcribed from separate cytochrome P450 genes. Sequence comparisons with P450s from mammalian species indicate that the chicken P450s are most closely related to the IIC subfamily. According to the cytochrome P450 nomenclature (Nebert et al., 1989), the chicken P450 gene encoding the 3.5-kb mRNA is termed P450IIF1 and the P450 gene encoding the 2.2-kb mRNA is designated P450IIF2. When chick embryos were treated with 2-allyl-2-isopropylacetamide, the levels of the 3.5- and 2.2-kb P450 mRNAs in liver were elevated maximally by about 100-fold, while phenobarbital treatment resulted in a maximal increase of about 50-fold. These increases in mRNA levels were accompanied by a less than sixfold increase in the corresponding gene transcription rates. The results indicate that the increase in the amount of these two mRNAs is due to both transcriptional activation of the P450 genes and to a marked post-transcriptional mechanism. By contrast, the drug-induced hepatic mRNA levels for 5-aminolevulinate synthase, the rate-controlling enzyme of the heme biosynthetic pathway, could be accounted for predominantly by activation of gene transcription. A close correlation was observed between the time courses of hepatic mRNA accumulation for cytochrome P450 and 5-aminolevulilnate synthase following drug treatment of chick embryos. In adult hens it was demonstrated that a tissue-specific drug induction of cytochrome P450 mRNAs occurred with levels being substantially elevated in the liver, kidney, and small intestine. The mRNA for 5-aminolevulinate synthase was also drug-induced in the same tissue-specific fashion. The results are compatible with the gene for 5-aminolevulinate synthase being activated in response to an increased cytochrome P450 heme requirement.
Engrasado y listo: aplicación avanzada del aceite vegetal ABB BIOTEMP en un transformador de potencia de alta tensión (2007)

Desde su invención, el transformador ha evolucionado en términos de mayores funcionalidades y tamaño para seguir el ritmo de los sistemas de energía eléctrica, complejos y en continua evolución. Algo que ha permanecido prácticamente sin cambios desde que se aplicó por primera vez en Alemania en 1890 es el uso de aceite mineral como medio aislante y refrigerante. Sin embargo, la crisis mundial del petróleo de principios de los años 70 y la creciente demanda de combustibles respetuosos con el medio ambiente han contemplado el nacimiento de distintas iniciativas y de grandes desarrollos tecnológicos encaminados a descubrir combustibles alternativos, especialmente para el sector del automóvil. Por su parte, las compañías eléctricas brasileñas han trabajado intensamente para desarrollar aceite vegetal aislante basado en el aceite de ricino. Sin embargo, un aceite vegetal aislante avanzado de altas prestaciones para aparellaje y transformadores de potencia de alta tensión, desarrollado por ABB y conocido como BIOTEMP®, parecía exactamente la solución que dichas compañías estaban buscando. La primera aplicación en el mundo del aceite vegetal BIOTEMP® como líquido aislante y refrigerante de un transformador de potencia de alta tensión fue llevada a cabo por CEMIG, una compañía eléctrica con sede en el sureste de Brasil y un importante cliente de ABB.
Point cloud registration with 2D and 3D fusion information on mobile robot integrated vision system (2013)

Multi-view point clouds registration method based on the 2D and 3D fusion information is proposed. First the joint calibration of the CCD camera and 3D laser radar system is conducted to fuse the image information and range information. Then, matching feature points in the images are obtained with the SIFT algorithm. Based on the joint calibration results and the images feature matching points, the point clouds feature matching points are determined. After that, the initial value of the different view point cloud space transform is calculated with the RANSAC, and ICP algorithm is adopted to optimize the results. Finally, the proposed method was implemented on a mobile robot and verified effective in the experiment.
Postnatal Depressive Symptoms Among Pacific Mothers in Auckland: Prevalence and Risk Factors (2006)

Objective: To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for postnatal depressive symptoms in a cohort of mothers of Pacific Island infants in Auckland, New Zealand. Method: The data were gathered as part of the Pacific Island Families Study, in which 1376 mothers were interviewed when their babies were 6 weeks old. The interview included the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Results: 16.4% of mothers were assessed as probably experiencing depression. Prevalence rates varied from 7.6% for Samoans to 30.9% for Tongans. In addition to ethnicity, risk factors identified by stepwise multiple logistic regression included low Pacific Island acculturation, first birth, stress due to insufficient food, household income less than $40 000, difficulty with transport, dissatisfaction with pregnancy, birth experience, baby's sleep patterns, partner relationship and home. A large prevalence difference between Tongans and other groups remained when the effects of other risk factors were controlled statistically. Conclusions: The prevalence of depressive symptoms among Pacific mothers is at the upper end of the range typically reported. Focus on the overall rate, however, obscures substantial variation between groups. Risk factors are generally similar to those identified in previous research. Implications: The findings have implications for prevention and treatment and caution against assuming homogeneity within ethnic categories. Further research is required to explain differences in prevalence between Tongan and other Pacific Island groups.
Enantioseparation of amino acids and dipeptides using vancomycin as chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis (1996)

Vancomycin was applied as chiral selector for the enantiomeric separation of derivatized amino acids and dipeptides. The influence of vancomycin concentration, pH and presence of 2-propanol in the buffer were examined in order to find optimal separation conditions. Optimization was by factorial design. Further, chiral separation of derivatives prepared with three different reagents was compared. These reagents were 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC), 2-(9-anthryl)ethyl chloroformate (AEOC) and dansyl chloride (dansyl). Optimum resolution was at high vancomycin concentrations, while optimum efficiency was at low vancomycin concentrations. As a consequence of the very high enantioselectivity of vancomycin, the vancomycin concentration below the amount necessary for maximal resolution can be used. Separation efficiency was relatively low, and this could be attributed to adsorption of the selector at the capillary wall. Three factors led to decreased adsorption: application of a pH above the zero mobility pH value, low vancomycin concentrations and the presence of 2-propanol. For amino acids, the resolutions of the different derivatives were: dansyl > AEOC > FMOC, while for dipeptides, the highest selectivity was with AEOC.
Topical antimicrobials in burn wound care: a recent history. (2008)

﻿"It is nearly 100 years since antisepsis came to dominate the treatment of burns. All that has been accomplished, as far as we can see from the data available, has been to offset the good that sound physiological and surgical principles and modern aseptic technique should have afforded."1 Carl A. Moyer, MD, 1954 ﻿﻿﻿.
Traction‐Abrasion Relationships of Tread Compounds Containing New Reinforcing Blacks (1974)

Abstract Abradibility and braking force coefficient (BFC) were determined on compounds of various elastomers and fillers, using a modified Lambourn abrader. Butyl rubber showed the highest BFC and butadiene rubber the lowest, with SBR intermediate. While the effect of carbon black type is not as large certain types of carbon black imparted not only improved traction (“wet” BFC) to tread compounds but also increased wear resistance, in contrast to other methods of improving traction which invariably lead to lower abrasion resistance. The laboratory relationship was confirmed on actual tires on a special trailer and on a test fleet car.
Datos sobre la vegetación de las Cordilleras Central y Cantábrica: (II Excursión Internacional de Fitosociología) (1987)

espanolSintesis monografica de la vegetacion del Sistema Central y de la Cordillera Cantabrica, asi como la de sus territorios adyacentes, que comprende: 1. Itinerario de la II Excursion Internacional de Fitosociologia; 2. Sintesis biogeografica que incluye, a) la tipologia biogeografica de Europa occidental a nivel provincial, b) la tipologia biogeografica de la Peninsula Iberica, Baleares y Canarias a nivel sectorial y, c) la tipologia biogeografica del Sistema Central y Cordillera Cantabrica a nivel subsectorial, todas ellas ilustradas con sus correspondientes mapas; 3. Sintesis bioclimatica de la Peninsula Iberica; 4. Fichas catenales de las localidades visitadas, en las que se representan graficamente las catenas o cliseries de vegetacion mas significativas de la zona objeto de estudio; 5. Enumeracion y definicion de las Series de Vegetacion reconocidas en ambos territorios estudiados, asi como las de las areas intermedias; 6. El prodromo tipologico de la vegetacion de la Cordillera Cantabrica y del Sistema Central, con diagnosis de los sintaxones superiores, especies caracteristicas de las alianzas y subalianzas y tablas o inventarios holotipicos de los sintaxones nuevos que se proponen; 7. Catalogo floristico de las especies caracteristicas recogidas en el apartado precedente; 8. Indice alfabetico de los sintaxones mencionados en el texto; 9. Recopilacion bibliografica sobre la vegetacion de los territorios estudiados. EnglishA synthetic monograph of the vegetation of the Sistema Central and Cantabric mountains range, as well as the adjacent territories. This includes: 1. The itinerary of the II International Phytosociological Excursion; 2. A biogeographical synthesis including: a) the biogeographical typology of western Europe at provincial level, b) the biogeographical typology of the Iberian Peninsula, Baleares and Canary Islands at sectorial level, and c) the biogeographical typology of the Sistema Central and Cantabric mountain range at subsectorial level, all them with the corresponding distribution maps; 3. A bioclimatic synthesis of the Iberian Peninsula; 4. Catenal counters of the visited localities, in wich are graphically represented the most important vegetation cliseries of that area; 5. A list of the Vegetation Series recognized in the two territories that are studied, with their definition, as well as those of the intermediate lands; 6. The vegetation typologic prodromus of the Cantabric mountain range and Sistema Central, including the diagnosis for the syntaxa above association, characteristic species of the alliances and suballiances together with holotypic releves or tables for the new syntaxa now proposed; 7. Catalogue of the characteristic species recorded in part 6; 8. An alphabetic index of the mentioned syntaxa; 9. A rather exhaustive bibliographic compilation concerning to these types of vegetation.