gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling Nonsequential Double Ionization in Two-Color Circularly Polarized Femtosecond Laser Fields (2016)

Atoms undergoing strong-field ionization in two-color circularly polarized femtosecond laser fields exhibit unique two-dimensional photoelectron trajectories and can emit bright circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet and soft-x-ray beams. In this Letter, we present the first experimental observation of nonsequential double ionization in these tailored laser fields. Moreover, we can enhance or suppress nonsequential double ionization by changing the intensity ratio and helicity of the two driving laser fields to maximize or minimize high-energy electron-ion rescattering. Our experimental results are explained through classical simulations, which also provide insight into how to optimize the generation of circularly polarized high harmonic beams.
Regulation of intracellular pH in human melanoma: potential therapeutic implications. (2002)

Melanoma cells in vivo maintain intracellular pH (pHi) in a viable range despite an extracellular tumor pH (pHe) that is typically below 7.0. In general, three families of transporters are capable of removing metabolic protons, but the specific transporters responsible for the maintenance of pHi at low pHe in melanomas have not been identified. Although the transporters exist in most cells, an inhibitor would be predicted to have selectivity for cells located in an acidic tumor bed because cells in that environment would be expected to have transporters chronically activated. In this report, the levels and extent of expression of the Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE-1) and two of the H+-linked monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) were evaluated in three melanoma cell lines. The effects of inhibitors of each transporter were tested at an extracellular pH (pHe) of 7.3, 6.7, or 6.5 in melanoma cells that were grown at pHe 7.3 or 6.7. The activity of MCT isoform 1 (MCT-1) was up-regulated in three melanoma cell lines at low pHe, but that of NHE-1 was not. Furthermore, NHE-1 activity was lower in the melanomas than in other normal and malignant cell lines that were tested. Reverse transcription-PCR using primers specific for MCT-1, MCT-4, and NHE-1 showed that expression of none of these transporters was reproducibly up-regulated at the level of transcription when cells were grown at pHe 6.7 instead of pHe 7.3. Ex vivo experiments using DB-1 human melanoma xenografts grown in severe combined immunodeficient mice found that MCT-1 and not NHE-1 was a major determinant of DB-1 tumor cell pHi. Taken together, the data indicate that MCTs are major determinants of pH regulation in melanoma. In contrast, keratinocytes and melanocytes under low pHe conditions relied on NHE-1. Inhibitors of MCTs thus have great potential to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic drugs that work best at low pHi, such as alkylating agents and platinum-containing compounds, and they should be selective for cells in an acidic tumor bed. In most tissues, it is proposed that the NHE-1 could compensate for an inhibited MCT to prevent acidification, but in melanoma cells this did not occur. Therefore, MCT inhibitors may be particularly effective against malignant melanoma.
Simulation of ultrashort electron pulse generation from optical injection into wake-field plasma waves (2004)

A laser-plasma-based source of relativistic electrons is described in detail, and analyzed in two dimensions using theoretical and numeric techniques. Two laser beams are focused in a plasma, one exciting a wake-field electron plasma wave while another locally alters some electron trajectories in such a way that they can be trapped and accelerated by the wave. Previous analyses dealt only with one-dimensional models. In this paper two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations and analysis of single particle trajectories show that the radial wake field plays an important role. The simulation results are interpreted to evaluate the accelerated electron beam's properties and compared with existing devices.
Lympho-vascular invasion in BRCA related breast cancer compared to sporadic controls (2010)

LVI is frequent in BRCA1 germline mutation related breast cancers, but seems to occur as often in sporadic controls matched for age, grade and tumor type. Apparently, these hereditary cancers find their way to the blood and lymph vessels despite their well demarcation and often medullary differentiation.
Behavioral Fault Modeling for Model-based Safety Analysis (2007)

Recent work in the area of model-based safety analysis has demonstrated key advantages of this methodology over traditional approaches, for example, the capability of automatic generation of safety artifacts. Since safety analysis requires knowledge of the component faults and failure modes, one also needs to formalize and incorporate the system fault behavior into the nominal system model. Fault behaviors typically tend to be quite varied and complex, and incorporating them directly into the nominal system model can clutter it severely. This manual process is error-prone and also makes model evolution difficult. These issues can be resolved by separating the fault behavior from the nominal system model in the form of a "fault model", and providing a mechanism for automatically combining the two for analysis. Towards implementing this approach we identify key requirements for a flexible behavioral fault modeling notation. We formalize it as a domain-specific language based on Lustre, a textual synchronous dataflow language. The fault modeling extensions are designed to be amenable for automatic composition into the nominal system model.
Accumulation of immunoglobulin messenger ribonucleic acid in immunized mouse spleen (1977)

We have measured the concentration of mRNAs coding for immunoglobulins, k and lambda type light chains and gamma 1 type heavy chain, in mouse spleen cells activated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide or sheep red blood cells. These mRNAs were quantitated by hybridization to radioactive DNA complementary to highly purified immunoglobulin mRNAs from mouse myelomas. In the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated spleen cells, only light chain mRNA accumulated, whereas gamma 1 type heavy chain mRNA remained unvaried. The light chain mRNA concentration also increased in purified bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes. The lipopolysaccharide-induced light chain mRNA was similar to light chain mRNAs purified from myelomas. The accumulation and disappearance of light chain mRNA in bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes coincide with the kinetics of synthesis of immunoglobulin M which is the major species induced by lipopolysaccharide. In sheep red blood cell stimulated spleen, the specific accumulation of k type light chain and gamma 1 type heavy chain mRNAs parallels immunoglobulin G synthesis. These results seem to indicate that the increment of immunoglobulin mRNA concentration in bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes is important for induction of immunoglobulin synthesis.
Weed Management Practices and Needs in Arkansas and Mississippi Rice (2013)

Crop consultants in Arkansas and Mississippi were sent a direct-mail survey in fall of 2011 with questions concerning weed management in rice. The goal of the survey was to document the extent of imidazoline-resistant rice hectares, the herbicides most commonly recommended in rice, the weeds perceived to be most troublesome in rice including those resistant to herbicides, and suggested areas of research and educational focus that would improve weed management in rice. When appropriate, results from this survey were compared to a similar survey conducted in 2006. Completed rice surveys were returned by 43 consultants, accounting for 179,500 ha of scouted rice or 38% of the rice hectarage in Arkansas and Mississippi. Imidazolinone-resistant rice was grown on 64% of the hectares, and this technology was used continually for the past 5 yr on 11% of the rice hectares. Of the area planted to imidazolinone-resistant rice, 42% of this hectarage was treated solely with an acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide. Consultants listed improved control options for barnyardgrass and Palmer amaranth as the most important research and educational need in rice. The top five weeds in order of importance were (1) barnyardgrass, (2) sprangletops, (3) red rice, (4) northern jointvetch, and (5) Palmer amaranth. From a predetermined list of research and educational topics, consultants gave the highest ratings of importance to (1) control of herbicide-resistant weeds, (2) strategies to reduce the occurrence and spread of herbicide-resistant weeds, and (3) development of new economical herbicide-resistant rice varieties which was comparable to economical weed control options. Findings from this survey point to the overuse of imidazolinone-resistant rice and a lack of preemptive resistance management strategies such as crop rotation and use of multiple effective herbicide modes of action by some growers, which has likely contributed to selection for the ALS-resistant barnyardgrass and rice flatsedge recently confirmed in Arkansas and Mississippi rice.
Development of high-power OPCPA laser at 1064 and 780 nm (2006)

A compact 10-TW/100-fs level ultrashort-pulse and ultra-intense laser system at 1064 nm based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) scheme is described, at which the pump and seed for the optical parametric amplification (OPA) process is optically synchronized. We investigated the output stability and the conversion efficiency of the system. Moreover, a design toward higher peak power output is given and an optically synchronized amplifier based on the concept of OPCPA at 800 nm is preliminarily explored.
Metastatic Ovarian and Primary Peritoneal Cancer: Assessing Chemotherapy Response with Diffusion-weighted MR Imaging—Value of Histogram Analysis of Apparent Diffusion Coefficients (2011)

An early increase of ADCs and later decrease of skew and kurtosis characterize chemotherapy response. Quantitative DW MR imaging can aid in early monitoring of treatment efficacy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Home food availability, dietary intake and child weight status (2011)

Background The home is a primary food environment for children. Therefore, it is important to study how home food availability (HFA) may influence dietary intake and weight status. Objective This study examined HFA of fruits, vegetables, and milk and its association with children's weight status and dietary intake of these foods. Methods This was a cross-sectional study based on surveys from 489 students in grades 3–12 and their parents in 2009. Descriptive statistics were conducted and multiple linear regression was used to ascertain if a relationship existed between HFA, child weight status, and dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, and milk. Results Overall, 12.5% of participants were overweight and 6.7% were obese. About 26% of participants reported that they consumed 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day and 17% consumed 3 or more glasses of milk per day. No relationship was found between HFA of fruits, vegetables, and milk and reported intake of these foods. Although a significant association was found between parent and child weight status, no association was found between HFA and child weight status. Conclusions Although the home is a primary food environment for children, this study did not find an association between HFA, weight status, and dietary intake. In addition to HFA, future research should include measures of foods eaten away from home, such as at school or in restaurants. Grant Funding Source: USDA National Research Initiative Grant 55215-18799
Performance of CDMA Systems with Low-rate Coding and Interference Cancellation (1999)

ABSTRACT The performance of a CDMA system employ-ing very low-rate maximum free distance codes for com-bined coding and spreading is analyzed when successive o r parallel interference cancellation is applied. An analytical approach to the evaluation of the bit error rate is presented and shown to give results close to simulations. Our results show that the code spread system outperforms the conven-tionally spread system. Without interference cancellation the single-user bound is never reached except for one user. With two stages of parallel interference cancellation, a code-spread system with a load only slightly less than 1 bittchip obtains a bit error rate very close to that of a single user system with signal-to-noise ratio per information bit of 4 dB. Keywords| CDMA, low-rate convolutional codes, orthog-onal codes, successive i n terference cancellation, parallel in-terference cancellation, rate-compatible, maximum free dis-tance.
Functionalized phosphine ligands in transition metal-catalysed organic synthesis. Nickel(0)-catalysed cycloaddition of terminally unsubstituted diynes and carbon dioxide to bicyclic 2-pyrones (1989)

A functionalized trialkylphosphine ligand (1a) containing a pyridyl group has effected the Ni(0)-catalysed cycloaddition of terminally unsubstituted diynes with CO2 to give bicyclic 2-pyrones, for which ordinary trialkylphosphine ligands are not effective.
Isolement et détermination de structure de métabolites secondaires bioactifs d'éponges (1999)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (1980)

Trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) is a fixed combination of two antimicrobial agents — a diaminopyrimidine (trimethoprim) and a sulfonamide (sulfamethoxazole) — purposely chosen to provide sequential and synergistic inhibition of bacterial folate metabolism. Although a parenteral formulation of this combination is currently under evaluation, TMP-SMX is generally available only for oral use. It is marketed in a fixed drug ratio of one part TMP to five parts SMX (single-strength tablets contain 80 mg of TMP and 400 mg of SMX, double-strength tablets contain 160 mg of TMP and 800 mg of SMX, and an oral suspension contains 40 mg of TMP and . . .
Modeling of quantum effects in ultrasmall HEMT devices (1993)

Numerical simulation of ultra-submicrometer high electron mobility transistors based upon a set of quantum moment equations is presented. These provide a first quantum description, based upon the moments of the Wigner distribution function. In HEMTs, the conduction electrons are confined in a narrow conduction channel and the short gate lengths (and small aspect ratio) create different potential barriers across the conduction channel than in a long-channel situation. In these small structures, quantum effects are expected to be prominent. A substantial change in the electron density distribution is found to occur due to the inclusion of these quantum corrections, and the total current in the simulated devices is increased by as much as 10% for a 240-nm gate-length device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Framework for the Discovery, Analysis, and Retrieval of Multimedia Homemade Explosives Information on the Web (2015)

This work proposes a novel framework that integrates diverse state-of-the-art technologies for the discovery, analysis, retrieval, and recommendation of heterogeneous Web resources containing multimedia information about homemade explosives (HMEs), with particular focus on HME recipe information. The framework corresponds to a knowledge management platform that enables the interaction with HME information, and consists of three major components: (i) a discovery component that allows for the identification of HME resources on the Web, (ii) a content-based multimedia analysis component that detects HME-related concepts in multimedia content, and (iii) an indexing, retrieval, and recommendation component that processes the available HME information to enable its (semantic) search and provision of similar information. The proposed framework is being developed in a user-driven manner, based on the requirements of law enforcement and security agencies personnel, as well as HME domain experts. In addition, its development is guided by the characteristics of HME Web resources, as these have been observed in an empirical study conducted by HME domain experts. Overall, this framework is envisaged to increase the operational effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement and security agencies in their quest to keep the citizen safe.
A New Way to Settle Old Disputes: Mediation and Healthcare (2005)

The President: Well, once again good evening. Tonight we are venturing into the realms of dispute resolution by mediation and our speaker is Tony Allen, a Director of CEDR since 2001. Now, in my ignorance, I thought that CEDR stood for Comite Europeen de Droit Rural, in other words the European Council for Agricultural Law, but I now know that the cognoscenti refer to it as the Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution, which is an independent non-profit organisation whose mission is to encourage and develop mediation and other cost-effective dispute resolution and preventive techniques in commercial and public sector disputes. Now, Tony qualified as a solicitor in 1969 and practised primarily in the fields of personal injury and insurance (in which he acted both for claimants and defendants), clinical negligence, childcare, criminal and civil advocacy and general litigation, which I think you will agree with me is not exactly a narrow area. Now Chambers Guide to the Legal Profession of 2001/2002 said this: “He is universally considered to be clearly the best mediator in the UK for clinical negligence and personal injury”, and in previous editions it said “his humorous and affable style” counted for a lot in cases with a high emotional content. So before calling on him to address us on A New Way to Settle Old Disputes I would remind you please to ensure that your mobile telephones are either set to silent or turned off altogether. Tony has agreed to take questions after his talk, so without further ado, Tony, please do go ahead. Mr Allen: Thank you, Mr President. Good evening everyone.
Comparative Characterization of Experimental and Calculated Lipophilicity and Anti-Tumour Activity of Isochromanone Derivatives (2009)

Compound lipophilicity connected to ADME(T)(a) has great importance in drug development and it has to be evaluated by the generally used drug developmental process. In addition to the importance of lipophilicity in ADMET, recently it has been reported that lipophilicity of small molecules correlates with their antiproliferative activity because of certain specific hydrophobic and lipophilic interactions. Due to the complexity of ADME(T) parameters an efficient and fast method is needed to characterize the many promising candidate lead molecules as a preselection in order not to be rejected from the latter phase of drug development. In the present paper we provide an overview of the importance of lipophilicity of drug candidates for biological action and for ADME(T) and describe a novel approach for drug-likeness characterization of a molecular library using correlation study between lipophilicity and biological activity. Lipophilicity and molecular characteristics have been measured, predicted and optimized for a diverse library from which the best members have been selected to describe their biological, chemical and drug-likeness properties. Molecules were selected from the family of alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones and thorough HPLC characterization for lipophilicity and morphological, antiproliferative and flow cytometric studies were carried out on them. Based on the results 17 member isochromanone library including E and Z geometric isomers were selected for further characterization. In this focused library linear correlation has been found between the calculated and measured lipophilicity and significant parabolic correlation was found between the antiproliferative effect and lipophilicity. Using our efficient and fast method, from a diverse library, we identified an outstandingly effective inhibitor of A431 tumour cell growth via a PARP(a) cleavage dependent apoptosis. In summary the optimized HPLC analyses of lipophilicity combined with the cell-culture assay, introduced above, resulted in the determination of an optimal lipophilicity range. This optimized lipophilicity range should be used in designing novel antiproliferative compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTIONS OF BETA‐KETOESTERS WITH 2,3‐DIAMINOPYRIDINE AND ITS DERIVATIVES PART 1 (1973)

Abstract 2,3‐Diamino‐pyridin (II) reagiert mit Cyclohexanon‐2‐carbonsäureester (Ia) um 70°C zum Enamin (III), das mit Äthylat zu (IV) cyclisiert und weiter bei 200°C zum cyclischen Harnstoff (V) umgelagert wird.
Amphoteric ligands. 4. Reactions of HMn(CO)5 with (aluminoamino)phosphine ligands. Structure of (OC)3Mn[CHOAlMe2N(CMe3)PPh2][PPh2N(CMe3)Al(HCH2)Me] (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmphoteric ligands. 4. Reactions of HMn(CO)5 with (aluminoamino)phosphine ligands. Structure of (OC)3Mn[CHOAlMe2N(CMe3)PPh2][PPh2N(CMe3)Al(HCH2)Me]David L. Grimmett, Jay A. Labinger, John N. Bonfiglio, Steven T. Masuo, Eileen Shearin, and Joel S. MillerCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 10, 1325–1332Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om50004a011https://doi.org/10.1021/om50004a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Analysis of interaction between two SAW modes in Pt grating on langasite cut (0°, 138.5°, 26.6°) (2011)

The numerical technique based on a previously developed rational approximation of harmonic admittance of a periodic grating was applied to analysis of SAW behavior in platinum grating on langasite cut with Euler angles (0°, 138.5°, 26.6°). The approximation is able to take into account interaction between surface and bulk waves or between two SAW modes. SAW dispersion was calculated at different values of electrode thickness varying between 1% and 4% of wavelength. It was found that with increasing Pt thickness, SAW behavior in the grating is strongly affected by interaction between two SAW modes propagating in the same orientation. An additional stopband, which results from this interaction, occurs at certain detuning from synchronous reflection condition and can cause spurious resonances of the admittance function. Interaction between two SAW modes is also responsible for anomalously slow growth of reflectivity with increasing platinum thickness.