gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fresh look at ignorability for likelihood inference (2018)

When data are incomplete, a random vector Y for the data process together with a binary random vector R for the process that causes missing data, are modelled jointly. We review conditions under which R can be ignored for drawing likelihood inferences about the distribution for Y. The standard approach of Rubin (1976) and Seaman et. al. (2013) Statist. Sci., 28:2 pp. 257--268 emulates complete-data methods exactly, and directs an investigator to choose a full model in which missing at random (MAR) and distinct of parameters holds if the goal is not to use a full model. Another interpretation of ignorability lurking in the literature considers ignorable likelihood estimation independently of any model for the conditional distribution R given Y. We discuss shortcomings of the standard approach, and argue that the alternative gives the `right' conditions for ignorability because it treats the problem on its merits, rather than emulating methodology developed for when the investigator is in possession of all of the data.
Enhancement of Allergic Lung Sensitization in Mice by Ozone Inhalation (1988)

Inhaled ozone was found to exert an enhancing effect for allergic lung sensitization when mice contracted an aerosolized allergen. The animals were exposed to ozone concentrations of 0.24, 0.16, 0.13, and 0.10 ppm. After 4 days of continuous ozone exposure, the mice had allergen contact from an aerosolized solution of ovalbumin. The animals were then maintained in ambient air for several days before the cycle of ozone and aerosolized allergen was repeated over four allergen contact cycles. Mice were rested in ambient air for a week after the last allergen contact, and they were then tested for allergic sensitization by the intravenous injection of 2 mg of ovalbumin to induce anaphylactic shock in allergic individuals. The control groups of mice were maintained in ambient air throughout the experiment, but they experienced identical allergen contact with the ozone-exposed mice. The phenomenon of allergic enhancement from ozone inhalation was detected at 0.24, 0.16, and 0.13 ppm of ozone. The enhancing effect disappeared at 0.10 ppm of ozone. The study indicated a potential for increasing the number of allergically sensitized individuals when various allergens are inhaled during periods of high ozone exposure with the consequent adverse changes on respiratory membranes. The significance to human health of the allergic enhancement phenomenon by ozone needs investigation.
Monolithic Device forCarrier-Envelope PhaseStabilization (2005)

A newscheme forstabilizing thecarrier-envelope phase (CEP)ofafew-cycle laser pulse train isdemonstrated. Self-phase modulation anddifference-frequency generation inasin- gleperiodically-pol
Cathodoluminescence study of the damage induced by low-energy boron implantation using a chemical bevel (1990)

Boron implantation is used in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor fabrication technology in order to eliminate the lateral diode between the n+-GaAs emitter contact layer and the p+-GaAs implanted well. The cathodoluminescence intensities measured on a bevel before and after the implantation have been investigated to evaluate the amount of damage induced by low-energy implantation in the underlying AlGaAs emitter layer.
Multicomponent Assay for Blood Substrates in Human Plasma by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy and its Evaluation for Clinical Analysis (1994)

An analytical multicomponent method for the blood substrates total protein, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and urea in human EDTA plasma by FT-IR spectroscopy is described. The spectra were obtained with the use of the attenuated total reflection technique. Partial least-squares was applied for multivariate calibration over optimized spectral ranges. The mean-square prediction errors for the population of 126 plasma samples of different patients calculated by cross-validation are in the range of clinical acceptance. Within an error variance analysis, the contributions of the reference method and the spectrometric measurement to the average (root mean square) prediction error have been estimated for each substrate, giving evidence of the limitations of the spectrometric method. The problem of the biocompatibility of the plasma has been investigated, and the protein adsorption onto the ATR crystal can be reduced to a constant and tolerable level by appropriate cleaning and rinsing. The potential for further improvement is discussed.
Radical Intermediates in Photochemical and Redox Initiated Decomposition of Thioazo Compounds(an EPR and Cyclovoltammetric Study) (1997)

The cathodically and photochemically induced decomposition of thioazo compounds XC 6 H 4 -N 2 -S-C 6 H 4 CH 3 and their polymers with X = NO 2 , COOH, and SO 3 H were investigated. The formation of carbon-centered XC 6 H 4 . and sulfur-centered . S-C 6 H 4 Y radicals was confirmed using spin-trap technique. These reactive radicals either abstract hydrogen from CH 3 CN solvent molecule forming . CH 2 CN radical or they recombine to cage products XC 6 H 4 -S-C 6 H 4 CH 3 eliminating N 2 . The decomposition rate of the investigated thioazo compounds is characterized by a formal half-life time of 5 to 10 s.
IgG1 Subclass Restriction of Oligoclonal Measles Virus‐Specific IgG Antibodies in Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and in a Patient with Multiple Sclerosis (1977)

A restriction to the IgG1 subclass was demonstrated for measles virus‐specific IgG antibodies isolated from the sera of five patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, from the cerebrospinal fluid of one of the patients, and from brain extract from a sixth patient. A predominance of IgG1 was also observed in measles antibodies isolated from the serum and brain extract of a patient with multiple sclerosis. Evidence is presented that the IgG1 restriction is associated with the occurrence of oligoclonal measles antibodies in these patients. A similar restriction to the IgG1 subclass was not observed in measles antibodies isolated from the serum of a measles‐convalescent child or from pooled normal serum and IgG.
Nano‐characterization of Cast Structures by FIB‐Tomography (2008)

In this communication, the three dimensional architectures of different Al-Si-(Mg) alloys are analyzed using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)/FIB (Focus Ion Beam), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy)/FIB and SEM-EDS/FIB tomographic methods. Several aspects for the imaging and quantification of the results are discussed describing the advantages and limitations of the methods to resolve submicron structures.
The Impact of Basic Nitrogen Compounds on the Oxidative and Thermal Stability of Base Oils in Automotive and Industrial Applications (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Nitrogen compounds present in mineral base oils at low concentrations are known to accelerate oil oxidation and to reduce the useful lifetime of formulated lubricants. Both Partial Least Squares and Neural Network analyses were employed to establish correlations between base oil composition and performance in industry standard thermal stability and oxidation tests. These correlations show that the “basic nitrogen” (BN) content of a base oil is a very important compositional feature determining its ultimate performance in a formulated lubricant which may be especially important for API Group II and III base oils that are relatively free of other pro-oxidants and naturally occurring, sulfur-containing antioxidants. The effect of BN species was also studied using model nitrogen compounds and it was confirmed that the pro-oxidant effect appears only in “basic” nitrogen containing molecules involving pyridine and quinoline derivatives.</div>
A Scalable Distributed Asynchronous Control Network for High Level Synthesis of Digital Circuits (2011)

This paper presents a scalable asynchronous distributed control network. The control circuit allows for true asynchronous operation of all digital resources and as a result of its scalable distributed topology allows unlimited resource sharing. We start with the description of a data flow graph, and using traditional scheduling algorithms, generate an asynchronous distributed control network and the asynchronous data path. The distributed controllers are implemented such that they can be created by connecting a small number of pre-designed sub-controllers which are presented in this paper. Prototype IP-blocks of these sub-controller circuits have been designed in a 90nm ASIC design process. To prove the effectiveness of our method, we present some key performance parameters: area and power under timing constraints.
Fuzzy logic control of a three phase induction motor using field oriented control method (2003)

In this paper a part of the control system is implemented by a fuzzy logic controller due to the complexity and nonlinearity of control equations. By using linguistic variables in place of numerical variables, this approach represents a substantive departure from the conventional quantitative techniques of system analysis and control. This paper presents the use of fuzzy logic based speed control for field-oriented controlled AC motor.
Electron transport membrane: Preparation of polypeptide membrane with spacers between the polymer matrix and viologen moiety and their application to an electron transfer reaction (1989)

Abstract Polypeptide membranes with several lengths of spacers [(CH 2 ) n ; n = 3, 6, 12] between the polymer matrix and viologen moiety as a functional group were prepared. Reduction of K 3 Fe(CN) 6 with Na 2 S 2 O 4 across the obtained membrane in aqueous media were carried out and reduction rate of K 3 Fe(CN) 6 across the membrane of n = 6 was faster than that of n = 3. However, the reduction of the membrane ( n = 12) did not proceed chemically and electrochemically at all.
The Inner 200pc: Hot Dense Gas (2003)

We present fully-sampled maps of 461GHz CO J = 4 → 3, 807GHz CO J = 7 → 6, and 492GHz [CI]3P1 → 3P0 emission from the inner 3 degrees of the Galactic Center region taken with the Antarctic Submillimeter Telescope and Remote Observatory (AST/RO) in 2001–2002. The data cover −1°.3 < 𝓁 < 2°, −0°.3 < b < 0°.2 with 0.5′ spacing, resulting in spectra in 3 transitions at over 24,000 positions on the sky. The CO J = 4 → 3 emission is found to be essentially coextensive with lower-J transitions of CO. The CO J = 7 → 6 emission is spatially confined to a far smaller region than the lower-J CO lines. The [CI] 3P1 → 3P0 emission has a spatial extent similar to the low-J CO emission, but is more diffuse. Bright CO J = 7 → 6 emission is detected in the well-known Galactic Center clouds SgrA and SgrB. Analyzing our CO J = 7 → 6 and CO J = 4 → 3 data in conjunction with J = 1 → 0 12CO and 13CO data previously observed with the Bell Laboratories 7-m antenna, we apply a Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) model to estimate the kinetic temperature and density of molecular gas in the inner 200 pc of the Galactic Center region. Typical pressures in the Galactic Center gas are n(H2) · Tkin ∼ 105.2 Kcm−3. We present an (𝓁, b) map of molecular hydrogen column density derived from our LVG results.
A Study of Local Electrostatic Filtration and Main Pre-Filtration on Airborne and Surface Dust Levels in Air-Conditioned Office Premises (2000)

The impact of electrostatic precipitation as a useful form of particulate filtration in the breathing zone is investigated in an intervention study in an air-conditioned commercial office in central London. Surface dust deposition and airborne dust levels are measured in the open plan zones of two floors--a control floor and a floor where the intervention is effected. The intervention consists of a sequence of weekly scenarios where the main pre-filters of the air-handling unit are switched between new and old filters, and where the electrostatic filters, located as uniformly as practicable on the open plan areas, are switched on or off. This 2 x 2 set of interventions is repeated over 4 cycles. It was found that the breathing zone filtration (BZF) by electrostatic precipitators reduces airborne dust significantly and appears to be more efficient in reducing smaller sized particles. No significant effect of BZF filters in reducing surface dust deposition was detected.
Picosecond time-scale phase-related optical pulses: measurement of sodium optical coherence decay by observation of incoherent fluorescence (1989)

A technique for producing phase-related picosecond optical pulses is described. A sequence of two phase-related pulses, well separated in time, is applied to the D1 line in Na vapor. When the phase between the two pulses is scanned, oscillations in the incoherent fluorescence are observed. This demonstrates the well-defined phase relationship between the pulses. Measuring the amplitude of the oscillations as a function of pulse separation yields the Na optical coherence decay. A beat arising from the ground-state hyperfine splitting is observed, and the results agree well with calculation.
Serum phosphate and magnesium in children recovering from severe acute undernutrition in Ethiopia: an observational study (2016)

Hypophosphatemia was common among children with SAM at admission, and still subnormal in about half of the children at discharge. This could be problematic for further recovery as phosphorus is needed for catch-up growth and local diets are likely to be low in bioavailable phosphorus. The high S-magnesium levels at discharge does not support that magnesium should be a limiting nutrient for growth in the F-100 diet. Although diluted F-100 (75 kcal/100 mL) is not designed for stabilizing children with SAM, it did not seem to cause lower S-phosphate than in children fed F-75.
Ring closure, of 2‐benzylamino‐1‐phenylethanols to 4‐phenyltetrahydroisoquinolines (1974)

Abstract The, facile preparation of 4‐pbenyltetrabydroisoquinolines by the acid‐catalyzed cyclization of 2‐benzylamino‐1‐pbenyletbanols and related compounds is described along with a discussion of the scope, limitations, and possible mechanism of the reaction.
Design, biochemical pharmacology, electrochemistry and tumour biology of anti-tumour anthrapyrazoles. (1986)

Chromophore modification of the anthracenediones related to mitoxantrone in an attempt to provide agents with diminished or no cardiotoxicity has resulted in a novel class of DNA binders, the anthrapyrazoles. Selected biochemistry, electrochemistry and tumour biology were carried out for a series of compounds possessing the same upper and lower side chains but with varying A-ring hydroxylation patterns. The anthrapyrazoles bind strongly to DNA, are selective and potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis and cause the formation of single-strand breaks in DNA. They also induced far less (20-200-fold) superoxide dismutase-sensitive oxygen consumption than doxorubicin in the rat liver microsomal system, a property that may be indicative of reduced cardiotoxicity. This result is in accord with their polarographic properties in which the anthrapyrazoles show a much greater resistance to reduction (E'1/2 = -0.983- -1.085 V) relative to daunorubicin (E'1/2 = -0.625 V) and mitoxantrone (E'1/2 = -0.775 V). The anthrapyrazoles demonstrate high levels of activity against a broad range of murine tumours in vivo including the P388 leukaemia and mammary adenocarcinoma 16c lines detailed in this study.
High resolution piezoelectric actuator for STM. (1988)

STM用の高分解能微動アクチュエータの構造,特性評価,変位の非直線性補正についてまとめた.STM用のピニゾアクチュエータはトンネル電流検出用探針駆動に使われるため,高分解能,小型化が不可欠な条件となっている.特に,小型化と高剛性の実現は高速走査を可能とし,試料の動的観察,ドリフトの影響の低減に必要である.STMでは縦方向分解能10pm,横方向分解能が0.1nm程度と非常に高い分解能を有する半面,走査領域が狭いため他の計測法との整合性がとりにくいことが問題である.このため,分解能を損なうことなく駆動ストロークを拡大する工夫が必要である.それに伴ってピエゾ素子の非直線性補正が不可欠な制御技術となっている.
Mixed-modifier effect in alkaline earth metaphosphate glasses (2017)

Modifier-mixing provides a useful tool for tailoring the structural dynamics of oxide glasses. Its physical basis, however, remains subject to intense discussion. Here, we extend our previous consideration of Ca-Mg mixing in alkaline earth metaphosphate glasses [J. Non-Cryst. Solids 468, 74–81 (2017)] across the broader range of alkaline earth species. We report on the effects of divalent modifier mixing for pairs selected from the group of Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba. For this, short-range structural features as obtained from nuclear magnetic resonance, Raman and far-infrared spectroscopy are related to various physical properties, including ionic mobility. Depending primarily on the difference in ion size and bond localization among the modifier cation species, we find different extents of the mixed-modifier effect. This agrees with the dynamic structure model in which the mismatch of cation sites governs non-linear mixing effects.
Villous motility (1989)

The sections in this article are: 1 Anatomical Considerations And Contractile Patterns 2 Regulation Of Villous Motility 2.1 Nervous Control 2.1.1 Sympathetics 2.1.2 Intrinsic Nerves 2.2 Postprandial Regulation 2.2.1 Local Factors 2.2.2 Humoral Factors 3 Physiological Implications Of Villous Motility 4 Conclusions
Stress‐transfer micromechanics for fiber length with a photocure vinyl ester composite (2006)

The objective was to test how increasing fiber length above the critical length would influence mechanical properties and fracture crack propagation. Micromechanics considering fiber/matrix stress-transfer was used to evaluate the results in addition to a shear debonding volume percent correction term necessary for the final analysis. Fiber lengths of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mm with 9 μm diameters were added into a photocure vinyl ester particulate-filled composite at a uniform 28.2 vol%. Mechanical flexural testing was performed using four-point fully articulated fixtures for samples measuring 2 × 2 × 50 mm<sup>3</sup> across a 40 mm span. Fiber length correlated with improved mechanical properties for flexural strength, modulus, yield strength, strain, work of fracture, and strain energy release, <i>p</i> < 0.001. In addition, sample fracture depth significantly decreased with increasing fiber lengths, <i>p</i> < 0.00001. All mechanical properties correlated significantly as predictors for fracture failure, <i>p</i> < 0.000001, and as estimators for each other, <i>p</i> < 0.0001. The stress-transfer micromechanics for fiber length were improved upon for strength by including a simple correction factor to account for loss of fiber volume percent related to cracks deflecting around debonded fiber ends. In turn, the elastic property of modulus was shown to exhibit a tendency to follow stress-transfer micromechanics.
The Genetic Algorithm in Real‐Space Representation (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Structure Determination Problems General Procedure Selection of Parent Structures Crossover Operations Mutations Updating the Genetic Pool: Survival of the Fittest Stopping Criteria and Subsequent Analysis References
Measuring the Free Field Correction for a New Condenser Microphone (1959)

In the development of the new Bruel & Kjaer Measurement Condenser Microphone, it was found necessary to thoroughly investigate the diffraction characteristics and to use several calibration techniques to establish the difference between the microphone's free field and pressure response. The techniques and results of these investigations are described as the following: (A) Measuring the pressure distribution around a model of the microphone placed in a free sound field and the sensitivity distribution over the microphone diaphram. In conjunction with measurements made with a specially designed concentric electrostatic actuator, the effective sound pressure increase on the diaphram is calculated. (B) Measuring the microphone sensitivity as a function of frequency according to the free-field reciprocity method, and comparing the results with the pressure response of the same microphones measured by means of the electrostatic actuator method. The free-field correction obtained by the two different methods (A) and (B) showed excellent agreement.
Modeling of narrow track thin film write head fields (1994)

A thin film inductive write head suitable for 10 Gbit/in/sup 2/ recording density is simulated using boundary element modeling. The material was assumed to have the non-linear B-H properties of FeAlN-SiO/sub 2/ multilayers-an initial permeability of 3400 and saturation flux density of 1.9 Tesla. The simulations show that with a trackpitch of 1 /spl mu/m and a gap of 0.18 /spl mu/m, it is necessary to use trimmed poles and a trackwidth of 0.6 /spl mu/m to achieve a written trackwidth of 0.8 /spl mu/m and allow for an erased-band of 0.05 /spl mu/m at each track edge. This allows 0.1 /spl mu/m for track misregistration, which is within tolerance achieved by current optical servos. If focused ion beam etching is used to trim the poles from the air bearing surface (ABS), to prevent fields from the etched shoulders from disturbing data in adjacent tracks, the shoulders should be etched 0.5 to 1.0 /spl mu/m from the ABS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of molecular environments on the electrical switching with memory of nitro-containing OPEs (2006)

An oligo(phenylene ethynylene) (OPE) molecule with a nitro side group has exhibited electrical switching with memory and thus has potential for use in molecular electronic devices. However, different research groups have reported different electrical behaviors for this molecule. In addition to variations among test structures, differences in local molecular environments could be partially responsible for the differences in the reported results. Thus, we tested four variations of a nitro-OPE/dodecanethiol monolayer in the same type of nanowell test device to study how the environment of the nitro-OPE affects the observed electrical behavior. We found that the density of the nitro-containing molecules in the device altered the observed electrical switching behavior. Further, we found a positive correlation between the disorder of the monolayer and the observed electrical switching behavior. This correlation is consistent with suggestions that nitro molecule switching may depend on a conformational change of the molecule, which may be possible only in a disordered monolayer.
Streptococcus rubneri sp. nov., isolated from the human throat (2013)

The novel, Gram-stain-positive, ovoid, lactic acid bacterial isolates LMG 27205, LMG 27206, LMG 27207(T) and MRI-F 18 were obtained from throat samples of healthy humans. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses indicated that these isolates belong to the genus Streptococcus, specifically the Streptococcus mitis group, with Streptococcus australis and Streptococcus mitis as the nearest neighbours (99.45 and 98.56 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the respective type strains). Genotypic fingerprinting by fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism (FAFLP) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), DNA-DNA hybridizations, comparative sequence analysis of pheS, rpoA and atpA and physiological and biochemical tests revealed that these bacteria formed a taxon well separated from its nearest neighbours and other species of the genus Streptococcus with validly published names and, therefore, represent a novel species, for which the name Streptococcus rubneri sp. nov. is proposed, with LMG 27207(T) ( = DSM 26920(T)) as the type strain.