gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluctuation In Visual Acuity During Soft Toric Contact Lens Wear (2011)

This work has demonstrated that conventional approaches to measuring VA do not fully replicate the "real world" experience of soft toric lens wearers. The VANT chart has shown that VA is reduced immediately after versional eye movements and suggests that more dynamic methods of assessing visual performance should be considered for soft toric contact lens wearers, especially given the apparent inability of lens stability measurements to predict visual performance.
Robust transient stabilisation problem for a synchronous generator in a power network (2010)

The robust transient stabilisation problem (with stability proof) of a synchronous generator in an uncertain power network with transfer conductances is rigorously formulated and solved. The generator angular speed and electrical power are required to be kept close, when mechanical and electrical perturbations occur, to the synchronous speed and mechanical input power, respectively, while the generator terminal voltage is to be regulated, when perturbations are removed, to its pre-fault reference constant value. A robust adaptive nonlinear feedback control algorithm is designed on the basis of a third-order model of the synchronous machine: only two system parameters (synchronous machine damping and inertia constants) along with upper and lower bounds on the remaining uncertain ones are supposed to be known. The conditions to be satisfied by the remote network dynamics for guaranteeing ℒ2 and ℒ∞ robustness and asymptotic relative speed and voltage regulation to zero are weaker than those required by the single machine-infinite bus approximation: dynamic interactions between the local deviations of the generator states from the corresponding equilibrium values and the remote generators states are allowed.
Automating Well Performance Monitoring of Real Time Data (2011)

Abstract Estimating reserves and predicting production in reservoirs has long been a challenge. The importance of performing accurate analysis and interpretation of reservoir behavior using only rate and pressure data as a function of time or cumulative production is fundamental to assessing remaining reserves and for forecasting production. An interactive system was developed to assist in Decline Curve Analysis (Cartesian, Exponential, Harmonic and Hyperbolic) and Production Forecast in an Integrated Reservoir Management environment. Different techniques are often applied in short and long term production forecasting. The associated uncertainties are of a different nature for the various time scales. The handling of these uncertainties has proven to be highly challenging for most oil and gas companies. There are tendencies to underestimate uncertainty and completely fail to account for "unforeseen" events which can erode the forecasts. Adopting a methodology of advanced analysis of production decline curves provides important forecasting results for future production from a single well or multiple wells across reservoirs and fields. The amount of data to be analyzed must be managed and aggregated efficiently. It is imperative to ensure the data are robust and thus have been explored via workflows based on advanced analytics to remove outliers and provide spatially viable input parameter values. This paper introduces a refreshingly intuitive navigation of the disparate data sources and input parameters aligned with a comprehensive suite of forecasting models wrapped into a web-based solution. The user is enabled with interactive graphical output to extensive "what-if" combinations of critical input parameters across multiple forecasting models. Whether working with oil or gas reservoirs, the user has access to a rich compendium of forecasting techniques that detail accuracy indicators and interactive graphs. The relationship, for example, between p/z and cumulative gas production for typical gas reservoirs can be studied by calculating pressure response to various modes of gas production and water encroachment. Water encroachment methods considered are Schilthuis, Hurst simplified and van Everdingen-Hurst.
6‐Bromo‐6‐deoxy Hexose Derivatives by Ring Opening of Benzylidene Acetals with <i>N</i> ‐Bromosuccinimide: Methyl 4‐ <i>O</i> ‐Benzoyl‐6‐bromo‐6‐deoxy‐α‐D‐Glucopyranoside (2003)

Abstract 6‐Bromo‐6‐deoxy hexose derivatives by ring opening of benzylidene acetals with N ‐bromosuccinimide: methyl 4‐ O ‐benzoyl‐6‐bromo‐6‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside product: Methyl 4‐O‐benzoyl‐6‐bromo‐6‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside reactant: 20.5 g (72.61 mmol) of methyl 4,6‐O‐benzylidene‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside
Functions for Quality Transition Fault Tests (2005)

The paper shows how to generate a function that contains all possible tests to detect a transition fault. Moreover, a systematic methodology is presented that derives the functions for all transition faults based on only two circuit traversals. Quality tests are generated by requiring that the function formulation considers established sensitization criteria to either activate a transition at the fault site or propagate it to a circuit output. Experimental results on the ISCAS'85 and ISCAS'89 benchmarks demonstrate the promise of the method which can also lead to efficient compaction methods for transition faults.
The myb oncogene. (1986)

The highly conserved, single copy c-myb gene has been independently transduced by two avian acute leukemia viruses, AMV and E26. This gene has also undergone insertional mutagenesis by non-acutely transforming murine leukemia viruses in a number of hematopoietic tumors. The common denominator of these retroviral activations of c-myb appears to be truncation of the normal coding region at either or both ends. The role of point mutations in myb-induced leukemogenesis is currently unknown. The products of the c-myb gene and its altered viral counterparts are nuclear proteins, a large fraction of which are associated with the nuclear matrix. In addition, the myb gene products have short half-lives and bind DNA in vitro. These features suggest that myb may act by regulating DNA replication or transcription. Consistent with this notion, the expression of c-myb is cell cycle dependent in several cell types. However, the abundant expression of c-myb in the thymus is not similarly regulated and may serve a different function. The expression of c-myb appears not to be limited to hematopoietic tissues as previously thought and the nature of the hematopoietic specificity of transformation by v-myb is not currently understood. Nevertheless, hematopoietic growth factors and their receptors appear to play an important role in such transformation. Two new experimental systems for studying myb have recently been described. First, the discovery of a myb-related gene in Drosophila should allow the application of powerful classical and molecular genetic approaches. The functional similarity of this distantly related gene to the much more closely related avian and mammalian myb genes is unknown. Second, recent studies of murine myb in normal and abnormal hematopoiesis offers several advantages relative to the avian system, such as in-bred animal strains, a wealth of specific cell-surface markers, and cloned hematopoietic growth factor and receptor genes. Isolation or construction of an acutely transforming murine myb retrovirus may thus be very useful. Several obvious goals for future research will be to define the function of myb proteins within the nucleus, to understand the regulation of myb expression during the cell cycle, to establish which molecular alterations are essential for converting c-myb into a transforming gene, and the determine the role of myb in human malignancies.
Formation of Ash Deposit Within Residual Oil Burning Boilers (2007)

Chemical compositions of ash deposited on different heat delivery surfaces of a certain residual oil burning boiler are found to differ from on another according to an analysis of respective samples wherewith their origins of these deposits were revealed.With XRF(X-ray fluorescence) spectroscopy,SEM-EDX(scanning electronic microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray) spectrometetry and XRD techniques,the chemical composition as well as the morphology and mineralogy characteristics were identified.The oil ash was also subjected to a thermal analysis(DCS plus TG) to determine the transition temperature of the minerals contained.Results show that the main crystalline phase of deposited ash in the surface is of the mullite type,while tha tof the oil ash is faujasite.Obvious exothermic peak,observed at 980℃ on the DSC curve,indicates that the main content of oil ash starts to turn into mullite at 980℃,during which large amount of heat is released.This proves that mullite deposits in the radiation heat absorption area mainly comes from additives used in the original oil's cracking stage.Deposits on the second stage(high temperature) superheater surface mainly contaiin mullite(mostly coming from cracking additives),vitreous matter,cristobalite and microcline(potassium aluminosilicate),while those on the first stage(low temperature) superheater and economizer surfaces,consist of sodium vanadate,ferrite vanadate and calcium sulfate,which mainly come from minerals contaiined in the original oil itself and are deposited in the rear part of the boiler after having undergone a conversion under high temperature conditions in the furnace.Figs 3,tables 4 and refs 9.
A study of gender differences in ICT competency (2012)

Over the past two decades, gender digital divide has been widely researched and discussed. Previous studies have focused on computer attitudes, anxiety, use and experience. The purpose of this study is to examine gender difference empirically in ICT competency in first year undergraduate students. The results revealed that females' scores were statistical significant higher than males' scores on five assessment components out of seven. Our conjecture, as supported by some related work in the literature, is that the social use of ICT in daily life due to the widespread of smart phones and tablets may reduce or even remove the gender digital gap.
Environmental Benefits and Lower Cost (2008)

Large recuperative and regenerative melters have been the mainstay of high-quality, high-volume glass melting operations. Among this peer group, many fiberglass, TV glass, specialty glass, and container glass furnace repairs and three recent flat glass furnace repairs were completed without recuperators or regenerators, yet the fuel efficiencies were higher. There was no flue gas treatment yet the NOx was lower. The reason? A combined effort from the glass manufacturers, Air Products's applications know-how, and the state-of-the-art Cleanfire HR oxy-fuel combustion system. Over the years oxygen technology has steadily gained acceptance in an increasing number of the glass industry sub-segments. Environmental considerations have played an important role in the decision for many glassmakers to build and/or convert furnaces to oxy-fuel firing. As with any change in manufacturing technology, the new approach must pass a rigorous economic justification process. This paper will discuss the drivers and economics for glassmakers to consider in the decision process for furnace design. The discussion is supported with a case study of one glass manufacturer's decision not only to use a fossil fuel and oxygen combustion system, but also to upgrade the burner technology of that system.
Characterization of Genetic Diversity of Carbapenem-Resistant<i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>Clinical Strains Collected from 2004 to 2007 (2008)

Genotypes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii collected by the clinical microbiology laboratory of a university hospital in Chicago, IL, between 2004 and 2007 were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A single genotype established predominance after being introduced in 2005. Analysis of carbapenemases by PCR revealed that imipenem resistance but not meropenem resistance was associated with the presence of bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-40) genes.
Lifetime of blue polymer LEDs (2003)

Summary form only given. We have shown lifetimes in excess of 5000 hours for a blue material, which is considered sufficient for some first generation applications. This improvement in lifetime has been partly due to the introduction of new polymer materials with higher glass transition temperatures and partly to the optimisation of device fabrication procedures including the use of a baking step in the process, which leads to further lifetime enhancements.
Measurement of Tc‐99m DTPA Serum Clearance for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Children With Cancer (1993)

Clearance of the radiopharmaceutical Tc-99m DTPA estimated from blood samples with no urine collection can provide a reliable estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in adults, but has not been well studied in children. The disposition of Tc-99m DTPA was determined in 17 children with cancer, and the influence of binding and study design on the estimates for serum clearance were evaluated. Nine blood samples were obtained over 6 hours in each patient, and serum was assayed for total and free Tc-99m. Free Tc-99m DTPA was determined by ultrafiltration. Estimates of clearance derived from a two-compartment model for ultrafiltrable Tc-99m DTPA were determined from all nine measured concentrations, and these results served as a reference value for GFR in each subject. Total Tc-99m DTPA concentrations also were best described by a two-compartment model, but the median total clearance (35 ml/min) was significantly (p < 0.01) lower than the ultrafiltrate clearance (58 ml/min). The effect of a simplified sampling schedule was assessed from clearance estimates based on a 3-point subset of the ultrafiltrable data. The median clearance of 69 ml/minute was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the reference GFR. However with a correction factor included to account for the positive bias arising from the limited sampling schedule, the reference estimates for GFR were well predicted (r2 = 0.99) with no significant bias. Ultrafiltrable Tc-99m DTPA serum clearance using a limited sampling schedule can provide a consistent and clinically feasible estimate of glomerular filtration rate in children, but binding in serum and study design are potentially important confounding factors.
Spectral analysis of volcanic glass chemistry along the East Pacific Rise, 13°–23°S (1993)

An analysis is presented for the variation in chemistry of 162 normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt glass groups, collected with an average spacing of about 10 km along a −1100 km section of the East Pacific Rise between 13° and 23°S. Long‐wavelength periodicities have been determined for oxides Al 2 O 3 , CaO, Cr 2 O 3 , FeO * , K 2 O, MgO, MnO, Na 2 O, NiO, P 2 O 5 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 ; for ratios FeO * /MgO, K/P, and K/Ti; for FeO * , Na 2 O, and SiO 2 corrected for fractionation to 8.0 wt % MgO; and for bathymetry. The data were modeled as the sum of a long‐wavelength periodic component and a residual random component. The power spectrum of the periodic component was determined using the maximum entropy method. The spectral phase of significant spectral peaks was determined by cross correlation with a cosine wave with the wavelength of the respective peaks. In most cases the characteristics of the random component were found to be consistent with a normal distribution. Spatial aliasing considerations and the variance of the random component place confidence limits upon the spectral features. The results of the spectral analyses indicate substantial correlation in the power spectra of the oxides. The oxide data have spectral peaks with wavelengths in the vicinity of 575 and 225 km and a local minimum in spectral power at wavelengths between 300 and 500 km. In general, oxide components compatible in the crystallizing minerals olivine and plagioclase are approximately 180° out of phase with the incompatible oxides, indicating that fractionation is an important process in controlling compositional variations along this portion of the East Pacific Rise. Unlike the fractionation‐sensitive oxide data, periodic variations are not pronounced for K/Ti, indicating that the length scales of mantle composition being melted are uncorrelated with those of magmatic temperature variation. The analysis of fractionation‐corrected values of Na 8.0 and Fe 8.0 indicates that degree and depth of partial melting show a strong spectral peak near a wavelength about 430 km. There is also significant power in the spectrum of Na 8.0 near 260 km and of Fe 8.0 near 200 km, bounding the average spectral peak for the oxides at 225 km. There appears to be strong coupling between the degree and depth of melting, and magmatic temperature at two length scales, around 225 km and 400–600 km, corresponding to wavelengths of geoid undulations observed in the vicinity of the East Pacific Rise, and suggesting a relationship with convection.
Towards a Triple Mode common operator FFT for software radio systems (2012)

A scenario to design a Triple Mode FFT is addressed. Based on a Dual Mode FFT structure, we present a methodology to reach a triple mode FFT operator (TMFFT) able to operate over three different fields: complex number domain ℂ, Galois Fields GF(F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) and GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> ). We propose a reconfigurable Triple mode Multiplier that constitutes the core of the Butterfly-based FFT. A scalable and flexible unit for the polynomial reduction needed in the GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> ) multiplication is also proposed. An FPGA implementation of the proposed multiplier is given and the measures show a gain of 18%in terms of performance-to-cost ratio compared to a “Velcro” approach where two self-contained operators are implemented separately.
Dynamic Transformation between Covalent Organic Frameworks and Discrete Organic Cages (2020)

We propose a dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC)-induced linker exchange strategy for the structural transformation between covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and cages for the first time. Studies have shown that the COF-to-cage and cage-to-COF transformations were realized by using borate bonds and imine bonds, respectively, as linkages. Self-sorting experiments suggested that borate cages and imine COFs are thermodynamic minimum compounds. This research builds a bridge between discrete and polymeric organic scaffolds and broadens the knowledge of chemistry and materials for porous materials science.
Detecting hotspots in network data based on spectral graph theory (2016)

Detection of hotspots (also known as dense subgraphs) in network data is an important data analysis problem due to it's significance in many contemporary applications. Clique-based formulation of this problem employing maximum flow implementation turns out to be an optimization task limiting the solution to be an approximate one. On the other hand, an iterative method building the hotspots (dense sub-graphs) in an incremental manner starting from primitive graph entities looks more practical and more conducive to incorporating application specific characteristics of interest. Motivated by this idea, we propose a novel algorithm for detecting dense sub-graphs based on spectral graph theory. The underlying principle is that the largest eigenvalue of a graph is a numerical indicator of the inherent dense connectivity. Accordingly, our algorithm starts from the egonets (sub-graphs) of individual nodes and determines the dense egonets as the primitive entities based on their eigenvalues. It then discovers hotspots (dense sub-graphs) through iterative merging of the dense egonets in a controlled manner. Experimental evaluation on benchmark graph data sets demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed method.
Large scale failures in the internet -- characterization, implications and recovery (2009)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is the glue that connects the independent networks that make up the Internet. However it has been observed that BGP routes take a long time to stabilize after a failure. This can have serious consequences in the event of a failure. A large-scale failure affects multiple routers in the network, and typically spans multiple ASes. This dissertation evaluates the effect of failures in the Internet and proposes various techniques to minimize the fallout of such failures. 
We first investigate the consequences of failures in detail. We identify and analyze various factors that affect the convergence delay and we find that in order to keep the processing overhead under control during failures, we need to reduce the rate at which update messages are generated. This is the basic premise of the Dynamic MRAI scheme that we formulate. We also predict that we can reduce the number of generated update messages by changing the order in which the updates are processed at a router, and we propose the Batching Scheme for this purpose. 
The primary underlying cause of BGP convergence delay is the absence of information about the state of the network. However intelligent predictions can be made about the state of the network from the received updates. We formulate a scheme that collects statistics from the received updates and attempts to identify routes which might be invalid. Our scheme has low overhead, but is able to decrease the convergence delays significantly. 
The metrics that relate directly to the end-user experience after a failure are packet losses and packet delays. We measure the packet losses and delays caused by failures and find that the convergence delay does not correlate well with these metrics. We then investigate multiple other metrics in order to identify the factors that govern packet loss during the recovery after a failure. 
Armed with this new insight, we modify three BGP improvement schemes to decrease the packet loss. We conclude with a summary of our work and a discussion of the future work that can be undertaken in this area.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study of the Reaction of Different Phenol Substrates with Nitric Oxide and Peroxynitrite. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immunochemistry of the Surface Carbohydrate Antigens of Bacteroides fragilis and Definition of a Common Antigen (1986)

The components extracted by aqueous phenol from whole cells of Bacteroides fragilis were analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting and shown to consist of a series of strain-specific, cross-reactive and common antigens. Regularly-spaced ladder patterns on silver-stained gels indicated that in most strains the LPS was present as a predominantly smooth type, but with chain lengths of varying molecular mass, ranging within each particular strain from essentially rough forms to long chain-length smooth forms. The rough form of the LPS at the gel front possessed an antigen common to most of the strains investigated. Another antigen, which migrated behind the rough LPS on SDS gels, was common to all strains of the species. The smooth LPS forms and the other high molecular mass components were strain-specific antigens. Previously published methods are not capable of producing pure LPS or capsular polysaccharide for this organism.