gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Birth and Death of Human β-Cells in Pancreases from Cadaver Donors, Autopsies, Surgical Specimens, and Islets Transplanted into Mice (2013)

There is great interest in the potential of the human endocrine pancreas for regeneration by β-cell replication or neogenesis. Our aim was to explore this potential in adult human pancreases and in both islet and exocrine tissue transplanted into mice. The design was to examine pancreases obtained from cadaver donors, autopsies, and fresh surgical specimens and compare these findings with those obtained from islet and duct tissue grafted into the kidney. Islets and exocrine tissue were transplanted into normoglycemic ICR-SCID mice and studied 4 and 14 weeks later. β-Cell replication, as assessed by double staining for insulin and Ki67, was 0.22 ± 0.03% at 4 weeks and 0.13 ± 0.03% at 14 weeks. In contrast, no evidence of β-cell replication could be found in 11 cadaver donor and 10 autopsy pancreases. However, Ki67 staining of β-cells in frozen sections obtained at surgery was comparable to that found in transplanted islets. Evidence for neogenesis in transplanted pancreatic exocrine tissue was supported by finding β-cells within the duct epithelium and the presence of cells double stained for insulin and cytokeratin 19 (CK19). However, β-cells within the ducts never constituted more than 1% of the CK19-positive cells. With confocal microscopy, 7 of 12 examined cells expressed both markers, consistent with a neogeneic process. Mice with grafts containing islet or exocrine tissue were treated with various combinations of exendin-4, gastrin, and epidermal growth factor; none increased β-cell replication or stimulated neogenesis. In summary, human β-cells replicate at a low level in islets transplanted into mice and in surgical pancreatic frozen sections, but rarely in cadaver donor or autopsy pancreases. The absence of β-cell replication in many adult cadaver or autopsy pancreases could, in part, be an artifact of the postmortem state. Thus, it appears that adult human β-cells maintain a low level of turnover through replication and neogenesis.
Monoamine containing neurons in the pigeon brain stem and their terminal fields in the telencephalon. (1983)

Cellular localization of monoamines in the upper brain stem and distribution of their telencephalic terminal fields were studied in pigeons by fluorescence histochemistry. Two distinct cellular types were identified: one containing primary catecholamines (NE or DA), the other, 5-HT. In the telencephalon numerous DA axons were identified in the paleostriatum augmentatum and in the lobus paraolfactorius. The noradrenergic fibers were mainly concentrated in the Wulst regions which receive visual afferents from the dorsolateral thalamus.
The anti-apoptotic protein HAX-1 is a regulator of cardiac function (2009)

The HS-1 associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) is a ubiquitously expressed protein that protects cardiomyocytes from programmed cell death. Here we identify HAX-1 as a regulator of contractility and calcium cycling in the heart. HAX-1 overexpression reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase (SERCA2) pump activity in isolated cardiomyocytes and in vivo, leading to depressed myocyte calcium kinetics and mechanics. Conversely, downregulation of HAX-1 enhanced calcium cycling and contractility. The inhibitory effects of HAX-1 were abolished upon phosphorylation of phospholamban, which plays a fundamental role in controlling basal contractility and constitutes a key downstream effector of the beta-adrenergic signaling cascade. Mechanistically, HAX-1 promoted formation of phospholamban monomers, the active/inhibitory units of the calcium pump. Indeed, ablation of PLN rescued HAX-1 inhibition of contractility in vivo. Thus, HAX-1 represents a regulatory mechanism in cardiac calcium cycling and its responses to sympathetic stimulation, implicating its importance in calcium homeostasis and cell survival.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Tricyclic Benzopyrones by an Organocatalyzed Annulation Reaction (2008)

Going back to nature: Electron-deficient oxadienes and electron-poor acetylene carboxylates react in the presence of an organocatalyst to give natural product inspired tricyclic benzopyrones efficiently (up to 99 % yield) and stereoselectively (up to 87 % ee; see scheme). This efficient and operationally simple asymmetric annulation involves the generation of zwitterions from acetylene carboxylates.
Koko-Bera island style music (2011)

While studying the Koko-Bera language in Kowanyama, Queensland during 1977Queensland during -1978, one of the authors of this article, Paul Black, had the pleasure of becoming acquainted with the 'island dance' style that has become populat in many Aboriginal communities in Cape York Peninsula within the present century. It is interesting to see how the lyrics often encode social commentary or how they commemorate historical events. Traditional mainland Cape York Peninsula songs may also use such subject matter, but published accounts of traditional music have usually concentrated on songs used for ceremonial purposes.
Quorum sensing‐controlled Evr regulates a conserved cryptic pigment biosynthetic cluster and a novel phenomycin‐like locus in the plant pathogen, <i>Pectobacterium carotovorum</i> (2010)

Pectobacterium carotovorum SCRI193 is a phytopathogenic Gram-negative bacterium. In this study, we have identified a novel cryptic pigment biosynthetic locus in P. carotovorum SCRI193 which we have called the Pectobacterium orange pigment (pop) cluster. The pop cluster is flanked by two tRNA genes and contains genes that encode non-ribosomal peptide synthases and polyketide synthase and produces a negatively charged polar orange pigment. Orange pigment production is activated when an adjacent transcriptional activator sharing sequence similarity with the Erwinia virulence regulator (Evr) is overexpressed. Evr was shown to positively activate its own transcription and that of the pigment biosynthetic genes and an unlinked locus encoding a phenomycin homologue. In addition, the expression of Evr and orange pigment production was shown to be regulated by N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-HSL (OHHL) quorum sensing and have a virulence phenotype in potato. Finally, by comparative genomics and Southern blotting we demonstrate that this pigment biosynthetic cluster is present in multiple P. carotovorum spp., Pectobacterium brasiliensis 1692 and a truncated version of the cluster is present in Pectobacterium atrosepticum. The conserved nature of this cluster in P. carotovorum and P. brasiliensis suggests that the pop cluster has an important function in these broad-host-range soft rotting bacteria, which is no longer required in the narrow-host-range P. atrosepticum SCRI1043.
ADHERENCE TO STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES REDUCES MORTALITY RATE IN ICU PATIENTS. (2006)

Nachtigall, Irit; Deja, Maria; Schaller, Karsten; Karlapp, Mandy; WeberCarstens, Steffen; Kastrup, Marc; Spies, Claudia D Author Information
Zero-dispersion stochastic resonance (1992)

A new form of stochastic resonance (SR), discovered in underdamped nonlinear oscillators for which the dependence of eigenfrequency upon energy has an extremum, is investigated. Its characteristic features are identified and discussed on the basis of linear response theory and the fluctuation dissipation theorem. In common with conventional SR (in bistable systems), sharp increases in the response to a weak periodic force, and in the signal/noise ratio, occur with increasing intensity of external noise (temperature) within a certain range. Unlike conventional SR, however, the dependence of the response on frequency is strongly resonant.
Characterization of TiAl Alloys by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Titanium aluminides are arising as a valuable alternative to superalloys in applications where the ratio resistance/density is important.Together with excellent mechanical and corrosion properties at high temperatures, such characteristics are very attractive for applications in the aeronautical, aerospace and automotive industries.However, the current high selling price, due to high costs of production and raw materials and the need of very specific equipment, are limitative factors for further applications.With the end of the cold war, and the decrease of traditional markets of TiAl, the strategy to develop other applications, strongly depends on the decrease of production costs.An alternative to the present production routes might be the use of traditional casting techniques, by induction melting of the alloy in a ceramic crucible and pouring into ceramic moulds, made by the investment casting process.However, due to the high reactivity of Ti alloys, the use of traditional ceramic materials cannot be used, as they lead to oxide formation and oxygen pick up both from the crucible and the moulding materials.In this work, the relative oxygen concentration of Ti-48Al castings was measured by SIMS -Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry.This technique provides a direct measurement of the isotopic composition with high sensitivity.The cylindrical samples were specially prepared to allow the analysis of the area close to the border.Oxygen profiles were acquired for samples obtained by with different mould materials.The comparison of such profiles with hardness profiles, give insight in the significance of the oxygen concentration in the properties of the alloy and in the choice of the most suitable materials for TiAl production
<title>Complete characterization of the piezoelectric, dielectric, and elastic properties of Motorola PZT 3203 HD, including losses and dispersion</title> (1997)

This paper reports on our determination of the small signal properties of Motorola 3203 HD, including the effects of losses and dispersion, and it shows the limitations imposed by assuming that the material is loss-less. A set of PZT 3203 HD unloaded resonators manufactured by Motorola was cut to specifications outlined in the IEEE Standard on Piezoelectricity Std 176-1987 to ensure the appropriate boundary conditions of each resonance mode. Impedance spectra of the thickness, thickness shear, length and length thickness extensional modes were analyzed at the fundamental and second resonances using Smits' method while the analysis of the radial mode resonators was accomplished using a method that we had developed earlier. Using the results from the above analysis we have determined the 10 independent complex constants (S<SUB>11</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>, S<SUB>12</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>, S<SUB>13</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>, S<SUB>33</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>, S<SUB>55</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>, d<SUB>13</SUB>, d<SUB>33</SUB>, d<SUB>15</SUB>, (epsilon) <SUB>11</SUB><SUP>T</SUP>, and (epsilon) <SUB>33</SUB><SUP>T</SUP>) that define the reduced matrix for a C<SUB>(infinity</SUB> ) piezoelectric material at the fundamental resonance frequency of the resonator. The use of complex material constants to account for the loss of linear systems is discussed and the relationship between the mechanical Q, dielectric tan(delta) , piezoelectric loss and the complex material constants are presented. The dispersion in the martial constants, except for S<SUB>12</SUB><SUP>E</SUP> and S<SUB>13</SUB><SUP>E</SUP>, was studied by evaluating the constants at the second resonance. The source of the major components of the dispersion has been determined to be due to external effects such as mode coupling for high impedance resonators and electrode sheet resistance for low impedance resonators. The size of loss components and the dispersion are shown to be significant and it is suggested that ignoring these effects will reduce the accuracy and predictive capabilities of transducer models.
Wafer-scale plasmonic and photonic crystal sensors (2015)

200 mm diameter wafer-scale fabrication, metrology, and optical modeling results are reviewed for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on 2-D metallic nano-dome and nano-hole arrays (NHA's) as well as 1-D photonic crystal sensors based on a leaky-waveguide mode resonance effect, with potential applications in label free sensing, surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and surface-enhanced fluorescence spectroscopy (SEFS). Potential markets include micro-arrays for medical diagnostics, forensic testing, environmental monitoring, and food safety. 1-D and 2-D nanostructures were fabricated on glass, fused silica, and silicon wafers using optical lithography and semiconductor processing techniques. Wafer-scale optical metrology results are compared to FDTD modeling and presented along with application-based performance results, including label-free plasmonic and photonic crystal sensing of both surface binding kinetics and bulk refractive index changes. In addition, SEFS and SERS results are presented for 1-D photonic crystal and 2-D metallic nano-array structures. Normal incidence transmittance results for a 550 nm pitch NHA showed good bulk refractive index sensitivity, however an intensity-based design with 665 nm pitch was chosen for use as a compact, label-free sensor at both 650 and 632.8 nm wavelengths. The optimized NHA sensor gives an SPR shift of about 480 nm per refractive index unit when detecting a series of 0-40% glucose solutions, but according to modeling shows about 10 times greater surface sensitivity when operating at 532 nm. Narrow-band photonic crystal resonance sensors showed quality factors over 200, with reasonable wafer-uniformity in terms of both resonance position and peak height.
Benzo[c][2,7]naphthyridine‐2‐yl‐, 5‐yl‐ and 2,5‐diyl Novaldiamines — Synthesis and Investigation of Antimalarial Activity. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Vertical profiles of environmental parameters measured on discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles at station TARA_137 during the Tara Oceans expedition 2009-2013 (2014)

The Tara Oceans Expedition (2009-2013) was a global survey of ocean ecosystems aboard the Sailing Vessel Tara. It carried out extensive measurements of evironmental conditions and collected plankton (viruses, bacteria, protists and metazoans) for later analysis using modern sequencing and state-of-the-art imaging technologies. Tara Oceans Data are particularly suited to study the genetic, morphological and functional diversity of plankton. The present data set includes properties of seawater, particulate matter and dissolved matter that were measured from discrete water samples collected with Niskin bottles during the 2009-2013 Tara Oceans expedition. Properties include pigment concentrations from HPLC analysis (10 depths per vertical profile, 25 pigments per depth), the carbonate system (Surface and 400m; pH (total scale), CO2, pCO2, fCO2, HCO3, CO3, Total alkalinity, Total carbon, OmegaAragonite, OmegaCalcite, and dosage Flags), nutrients (10 depths per vertical profile; NO2, PO4, N02/NO3, SI, quality Flags), DOC, CDOM, and dissolved oxygen isotopes. The Service National d'Analyse des Paramètres Océaniques du CO2, at the Université Pierre et Marie Curie, determined CT and AT potentiometrically. More than 200 vertical profiles of these properties were made across the world ocean. DOC, CDOM and dissolved oxygen isotopes are available only for the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Seas (2013).
Frequency tunable antennas for mobile phone for terrestrial digital TV broadcasting reception (2006)

In this paper, two types of loop antenna and a broadband T-shaped antenna with a switch mounted on one end of its conductor are proposed. A RF switch such as single port multi throw (SPMT) is chosen rather than variable capacitors for these proposed antennas. Variable capacitors such as a diode, however, are influenced by the radiation power of cellular phones. Moreover, a bias voltage should be controlled continuously to change its resonance frequency. Tunable antennas can be designed as a built-in antenna with the full frequency coverage. Simulations and experiments are conducted to clarify its operation.
In-Beam Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Of Target Fragmentation (2005)

Author(s): Rodriguez-Vieitez, E.; Lee, I.Y.; Ward, D.; Fallon, P.; Clark, R.M.; Cromaz, M.; Deleplanque, M.A.; Descovich, M.; Diamond, R.M.; Gorgen, A.; Lane, G.J.; Macchiavelli, A.O.; Prussin, S.G.; Stephens, F.S.; Svensson, C.E.; Vetter, K.
Using aptamers to identify and enter cells. (2007)

While nucleic acid binding species (aptamers) have previously been selected against a variety of biomedically important protein targets, the selection of aptamers against complex targets, such as cell surfaces and organisms, is becoming increasingly feasible. A number of aptamers have now been generated that can target specific cell-surface antigens and cell types, including tumor biomarkers and tumor cells. The generation of anti-cell aptamers has important implications for identifying disease-specific biomarkers, generating diagnostics, and developing novel drug delivery strategies.
Insensitivity for PS server farms with JSQ routing (2007)

Join-the-Shortest-Queue (JSQ) is a very old and popular routing policy for server farms. Figure 1 shows two examples of server farm architectures employing JSQ routing. In both cases, each incoming job is immediately dispatched, via a front-end router, to the queue with the fewest number of jobs, designated as the shortest queue (ties are broken at random). In Figure 1(a), jobs at a queue are served in First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) order. In Figure 1(b), jobs within a queue are served according to Processor-Sharing (PS), meaning that when there are n jobs at a queue, they share the processing capacity, each simultaneously receiving 1/nth of the service. We refer to Figure 1(a) as a JSQ/FCFS server farm and to Figure 1(b) as a JSQ/PS farm. If more detail is needed, we use the notation: M/G/K/JSQ/PS, denoting a Poisson arrival process, i.i.d. job sizes from a general distribution, K servers, JSQ routing; and PS scheduling at queues.
Prior Thermal Injury Accelerates Endotoxin-Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production and Intestinal Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Mice (2011)

The objective of this study was to increase the understanding of the "second-hit" response in thermal injury. The authors hypothesized that prior thermal injury increases the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response of intestinal mucosa. Mice underwent sham or 25% TBSA scald injury. Seven days after injury, mice were injected with lipopolysaccharide. Blood, jejunum, and colon specimens were obtained at intervals. Serum, jejunal, and colon inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Jejunal and colon nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. After remote thermal injury, lipopolysaccharide exposure led to an acute increase in serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and chemokine keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) levels. This correlated with lipopolysaccharide-induced increased IL-6 in colon and chemokine KC in the jejunum and colon in burned mice when compared with sham-injured mice. Lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB activation occurred more rapidly in jejunum and colon from burned mice compared with sham-injured mice. Prior thermal injury accelerates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cytokine production systemically in jejunum and colon. The "second hit" of lipopolysaccharide led to earlier intestinal NF-κB activation in burned mice compared with sham-injured mice. These results indicate that there is a heightened inflammatory response by jejunum and colon in response to a "second hit" of lipopolysaccharide after burn injury.
EOMES‐positive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells are increased in <i>PTPN22</i> (1858T) risk allele carriers (2018)

The presence of the PTPN22 risk allele (1858T) is associated with several autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite a number of studies exploring the function of PTPN22 in T cells, the exact impact of the PTPN22 risk allele on T-cell function in humans is still unclear. In this study, using RNA sequencing, we show that, upon TCR-activation, naïve human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells homozygous for the PTPN22 risk allele overexpress a set of genes including CFLAR and 4-1BB, which are important for cytotoxic T-cell differentiation. Moreover, the protein expression of the T-box transcription factor Eomesodermin (EOMES) was increased in T cells from healthy donors homozygous for the PTPN22 risk allele and correlated with a decreased number of naïve CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. There was no difference in the frequency of other CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell subsets (Th1, Th17, Tfh, Treg). Finally, an accumulation of EOMES<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells was observed in synovial fluid of RA patients with a more pronounced production of Perforin-1 in PTPN22 risk allele carriers. Altogether, we propose a novel mechanism of action of PTPN22 risk allele through the generation of cytotoxic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and identify EOMES<sup>+</sup> CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells as a relevant T-cell subset in RA pathogenesis.
Expression funktioneller TLR und NOD Proteine in humanen mesenterialen Präadipozyten (2008)

Einleitung: Morbus Crohn geht oft mit einer Hypertrophie des mesenterialen Fettes einher. Fettgewebe wurde lange Zeit als reiner Energiespeicher betrachtet. Durch zahlreiche Untersuchungen in den letzten Jahren änderte sich dieses Verständnis hin zu einem mehr funktionellen Gewebe. Aktuelle Studien belegen eine Verbindung des Fettgewebes zur angeborenen Immunität durch die Expression von Toll-like Rezeptoren (TLR), die Produktion von Zytokinen und ihre Fähigkeit zur Phagozytose. Für murine Präadipozyten konnten wir kürzlich die Expression und Funktionalität von NOD1 und NOD2 nachweisen. Diese Proteine gehören zu der Gruppe zytosolischer „Pattern Recognition“ Rezeptoren. Mutationen in diesen Genen werden mit verschiedenen Autoimmunerkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht, so führen z.B. Mutationen in NOD2 zu einem erhöhtem Risiko an Morbus Crohn zu erkranken.
Formation of light-emitting silicon nanoclusters in SiO<sub>2</sub> (2011)

Silicon nanoclusters/nanocrystals (Si-nc) in an SiO2 matrix exhibit strong visible luminescence, and so are of interest in the pursuit of a silicon-based light emitter for optoelectronics. We have investigated the formation of Si-nc by implanting excess Si at 90 keV into SiO2 films and then annealing to form nanoclusters by precipitation and ripening. The use of ion implantation provides control over composition and so allows us to optimize the light output. Positron annihilation provides information on vacancy-type defects produced during implantation. Our results suggest that defects may play a key role in Si-nc formation. The depth and size distributions of Si-nc are obtained by transmission electron microscopy, and are correlated with light emission measured by photoluminescence.