gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consequences and limits of nonlocal strategies (2004)

This paper investigates various aspects of the nonlocal effects that can arise when entangled quantum information is shared between two parties. A natural framework for studying nonlocality is that of cooperative games with incomplete information, where two cooperating players may share entanglement. Here, nonlocality can be quantified in terms of the values of such games. We review some examples of non-locality and show that it can profoundly affect the soundness of two-prover interactive proof systems. We then establish limits on nonlocal behavior by upper-bounding the values of several of these games. These upper bounds can be regarded as generalizations of the so-called Tsirelson inequality. We also investigate the amount of entanglement required by optimal and nearly optimal quantum strategies.
Everolimus zur Behandlung des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms nach Versagen der ersten VEGFr-TKI(Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor)-Therapie: Ergebnisse einer Interimsanalyse einer nichtinterventionellen Studie (2014)

<b><i>Hintergrund: </i></b>Everolimus ist für die Behandlung des metastasierten Nierenzellkarzinoms (mRCC) nach Versagen einer gegen VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) gerichteten Therapie zugelassen. Daten aus Zulassungsstudien reflektieren nicht alle Aspekte einer späteren Anwendung in der Routine. Daher stellt eine systematische Untersuchung von Everolimus in der Praxis eine wichtige Quelle klinisch relevanter Daten dar. <b><i>Patienten und Methoden: </i></b>Patienten wurden in einer deutschen, multizentrischen, nichtinterventionellen Studie unter Everolimus-Therapie eines mRCC nach Versagen der ersten gegen VEGF gerichteten Therapie dokumentiert. Primärer Zielparameter war die Effizienz von Everolimus, definiert als Zeit bis zum Progress (TTP; Zeit von erster Dosis bis Progress). <b><i>Ergebnisse: </i></b>Von 382 dokumentierten Patienten gingen 196 Patienten in die Zwischenanalyse ein. In der Effizienzpopulation (n = 165) war die mediane TTP (mTTP) 7,0 Monate (95%-Konfidenzinterval (KI) 5,1-9,0 Monate). Patienten nach vorangegangener gegen VEGF gerichteter Therapie < 6 Monate oder ≥ 6 Monate wiesen eine mTTP von 6,6 Monaten (95%-KI 3,8 Monate bis nicht erreicht) bzw. 7,4 Monaten (95%-KI 4,6-9,6 Monate) auf. Die häufigsten unerwünschten Ereignisse waren Anämie (13%) und Dyspnoe (14%). <b><i>Schlussfolgerung: </i></b>In der Praxisroutine war die mTTP von Everolimus länger als das mediane progressionsfreie Überleben der RECORD-1-Studie. Unsere Ergebnisse unterstützen den Einsatz von Everolimus bei Patienten mit mRCC nach Versagen einer initialen gegen VEGF gerichteten Therapie. Übersetzung aus Onkologie 2013;36:95-100 (DOI:10.1159/000348522)
A High-Speed 7.2-ns Read-Write Random Access 4-Mb Embedded Resistive RAM (ReRAM) Macro Using Process-Variation-Tolerant Current-Mode Read Schemes (2013)

ReRAM is a promising next-generation nonvolatile memory (NVM) with fast write speed and low-power operation. However, ReRAM faces two major challenges in read operations: 1) low read yield due to wide resistance distribution and 2) the requirement of accurate bit line (BL) bias voltage control to prevent read disturbance. This study proposes two process-variation-tolerant schemes for current-mode read operation of ReRAM: parallel-series reference-cell (PSRC) and process-temperature-aware dynamic BL-bias (PTADB) schemes. These schemes are meant to improve the read speed and yield of ReRAM, while taking read disturbance into consideration. PSRC narrows the reference current distribution to achieve high read yield against resistance variation. PTADB achieves small fluctuations in BL bias voltage to prevent read disturbance, while providing rapid BL precharge speeds. This study fabricated a 4-Mb ReRAM macro to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed schemes for both SLC and MLC operations. The fastest sub-8-ns (7.2 ns) read-write random access time among megabit scaled embedded NVM macros has been demonstrated.
Sequence verification of oligonucleotides containing multiple arylamine modifications by enzymatic digestion and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS) (2008)

An analytical method for the structure differentiation of arylamine modified oligonucleotides (ODNs) using on-line LC/MS analysis of raw exonuclease digests is described. Six different dodeca ODNs derived from the reaction of N-acetoxy-N-(trifluoroacetyl)-2-aminofluorene with the dodeca oligonucleotide 5'-CTCGGCGCCATC-3' are isolated and sequenced with this LC/MS method using 3'- and 5'-exonucleases. When the three products modified by a single aminofluorene (AF) are subjected to 3'-exonuclease digestion, the exonuclease will cleave a modified nucleotide but when di-AF modified ODNs are analyzed the 3'-exonuclease ceases to cleave nucleotides when the first modification is exposed at the 3'-terminus. Small abundances of ODN fragments formed by the cleavage of an AF-modified nucleotide were observed when two of the three di-AF modified ODNs were subjected to 5'-exonuclease digestion. The results of the 5'-exonuclease studies of the three di-AF modified ODNs suggest that as the number of unmodified bases between two modifications in an ODN sequence increases, the easier it becomes to sequence beyond the modification closest to the 5'-terminus. The results of this study indicate that the LC/MS method described here would be useful in sequencing ODNs modified by multiple arylamines to be used as templates for site-specific mutagenesis studies.
Investigation of the relationship between reflectance difference spectroscopy and surface structure using grazing incidence X-ray scattering (1995)

In this work, in-situ grazing incidence X-ray scattering is used to correlate surface structures observed during organometallic vapor phase growth of GaAs with in-situ optical measurements using reflectance difference spectroscopy (RDS). Our observations of several reconstructions confirm that RDS signals vary among the different surfaces present under vapor phase epitaxy conditions, as also occurs under ultra-high vacuum growth conditions. In addition, the simultaneous observation of intensity oscillations in the X-ray scattering signal and the reflectance difference signal indicates that both of these techniques can be used to monitor layer-by-layer growth processes under some conditions.
FOXD3 Regulates Migration Properties and Rnd3 Expression in Melanoma Cells (2011)

Forkhead transcription factor, Foxd3, plays a critical role during development by controlling the lineage specification of neural crest cells. Notably, Foxd3 is highly expressed during the wave of neural crest cell migration that forms peripheral neurons and glial cells but is downregulated prior to migration of cells that give rise to the melanocytic lineage. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer and is derived from melanocytes. Recently, we showed that FOXD3 expression is elevated following the targeted inhibition of the B-RAF-MEK (MAP/ERK kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase)1/2 pathway in mutant B-RAF melanoma cells. Because melanoma cells are highly migratory and invasive in a B-RAF-dependent manner, we explored the role of FOXD3 in these processes. In this study, we show that ectopic FOXD3 expression inhibits the migration, invasion, and spheroid outgrowth of mutant B-RAF melanoma cells. Upregulation of FOXD3 expression following inhibition of B-RAF and MEK correlates with the downregulation of Rnd3, a Rho GTPase and inhibitor of RhoA-ROCK signaling. Indeed, expression of FOXD3 alone was sufficient to downregulate Rnd3 expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Mechanistically, FOXD3 was found to be recruited to the Rnd3 promoter. Inhibition of ROCK partially restored migration in FOXD3-expressing cells. These data show that FOXD3 expression downregulates migration and invasion in melanoma cells and Rnd3, a target known to be involved in these properties.
Multiple Sklerose in Kombination mit einem Tumornekrosefaktor-Rezeptor-1-assoziierten periodischen Syndrom (TRAPS) – klinische Charakteristika von 28 Patienten (2008)

Das Tumornekrosefaktor-Rezeptor-1-assoziierte periodische Syndrom (TRAPS) ist eine autosomal dominant vererbte Erkrankung infolge von Mutationen im TNFRSF1A-Gen auf Chromosom 12p13. Klinisch manifestiert sich das TRAPS in Form von autoinflammatorischen Episoden mit variabler Penetranz und einem breiten Spektrum von Symptomen wie Fieber, Bauchschmerzen, Myalgien, Arthralgien, urtikariellen Hautexanthemen und Konjunktividen oder einem periorbitalen Ödem. Zudem sind wenige Fälle mit einer ZNS-Beteiligung in Assoziation mit TRAPS beschrieben.
Modeling the Space Elevator – A Project Oriented Approach for Teaching Experimental Power Electronics (2009)

The “Solar Climber”, a model version of the space elevator, is a great project to introduce students to power electronics. In this project the students are faced with the elementary engineering problem of powering a vehicle (an electromechanical system) from a limited energy source such as a solar panel in this case. Apart from learning about and building a simple buck converter as their first power electronics system, they must also identify the interdependences between a limited energy source, energy conversion efficiency, weight and climbing speed. A buck converter is required to convert a solar panel’s output to a voltage level suitable for the electric motors that drive the elevator towards “space”. This paper describes the motivation, the model space elevator, the learning outcomes and the experiences from this project. Further practical solar power projects, the solar car and mains interface, are presented that have proven to be excellent projects for teaching experimental power electronics.
Polarimetric investigation of materials with both linear and circular anisotropy (1997)

Abstract We investigate light propagation through materials with both linear and circular anisotropy and find the relation of the amplitude and polarization transfer functions to the four anisotropic characteristics: linear circular birefringence, and linear and circular dichroism. We determine these four characteristics of anisotropic samples by measuring the output intensity and polarization corresponding to different input polarization azimuths and fitting the theoretical and experimental results. In our experiments we have used films of side-chain azobenzene polyesters in which optical anisotropy had been previously induced on illumination with elliptically polarized light.
Dynamics of shear layers induced by hairpin packets in shallow free surface flows: implication for gas transfer (2004)

This study addresses the shearlayer organization induced by hairpin packets and the corresponding turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget in the outer region of highly turbulent, freesurface shear flows over a fully rough bed. The main emphasis is on the parameterization of the TKE budget in the intermediate and nearsurface regions where shear layers dominate production and transport of TKE. We discuss the implications for such processes as gas exchange at the airwater interface, for gas of low solubility. We find that the organization of the outer region proposed by Adrian et al. based on hairpin packets agrees well with our openchannel flow data. Using the same conditional sampling method as Adrian et al., we observe similar zones of uniform streamwise momentum. Intense shear layers are seen to extend over the entire outer flow region. The streamwise scale of the hairpin packets correspond well with the longitudinal dimensions found in Adrian et al. (typically 1-2 times the boundary layer thickness). Combining an unconventional uwquadrant threshold technique to instantaneous momentum flux representations, we demonstrate that the shear stress events below a critical threshold are mainly small scale structures that do not contribute to the vertical TKE flux in the outer region. For quasi instantaneous shearstress events above the critical threshold, extended homogeneous shear layers are found between the wall region and the free SurfaceInfluenced Layer (SIL). We find that the TKE flux results from the residual momentum flux between ejections and sweeps above a critical H max value. These data demonstrate the importance of the vertical velocity skewness in the observed shear layer dynamics, in agreement with previous observations by Raupach (1981). Inertial range estimates of TKE dissipation support the idea that dissipation close to the surface is in local balance with TKE transport. Observations indicate that the fraction of surface water renewing eddies is nearly independent of the Reynolds number. This agrees with measurements of boils in the North Sea by Nimmo Smith et al. (1999) and with laboratory measurements of upwellings by Kumar et al. (1998).
Local Governance in Western Europe (2001)

Book synopsis: `Its strength lies in combining theoretical insights with an impressive range of empirical material. The analysis is subtle and multi-layered.... This is a timely and important book' - Political Studies

`Local governance have gained massive attention among scholars and practitioners during the past several years. Peter John's book fills a void in the literature by tracing the historical roots of local governance and by placing his findings in a comparative perspective' - Professor Jon Pierre, University of Gothenburg, Sweden


`Peter John has produced a fascinating and stimulating book in which he assesses current developments in urban politics and local government in Europe and suggests how these changes are leading to different patterns of sub-national territorial politics in the EU today. What he has to say is of important interest to all students of local government; comparative politics and of territorial politics more generally' - Michael Goldsmith, University of Salford


`this book offers a fascinating comparative analysis... themes such as New Public Management, globalisation, regionalism and privatisation will be relevant to numerous courses in government, politics, public administration and public policy' - West European Politics


This text provides a comprehensive introduction to local government and urban politics in contemporary Western Europe. It is the first book to map and explain the change in local political systems and to place these in comparative context.

The book introduces students to the traditional structures and institutions of local government and shows how these have been transformed in response to increased economic and political competition, new ideas, institutional reform and the Europeanization of public policy.

At the book's core is the perceived transition from local government to local governance. The book traces this key development thematically across a wide range of West European states including: Belgium, France, Greece, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom.
[Microsurgical varicocele operation: a retrospective statement of Danish results]. (2009)

In trained hands microsurgical varicocelectomy was an effective method with few complications and recurrences.
Web Technologies and Data Warehousing Synergies (2005)

Data warehousing is an emerging technology that greatly extends the capabilities of relational databases specifically in the analysis of very large sets of time-oriented data. The emergence of data warehousing has been somewhat eclipsed over the past decade by the simultaneous emergence of Web technologies. However, Web technologies and data warehousing have some natural synergies that are not immediately obvious. First, Web technologies make data warehouse data more easily available to a much wider variety of users. Second, data warehouse technologies can be used to analyze traffic to a Web site in order to gain a much better understanding of the visitors to the Web site. It is this second synergy that is the focus of this article.
Human puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase: cloning of 3′ UTR, evidence for a polymorphism at aa 140 and refined chromosomal localization to 17q21 (2001)

Puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase is a predominantly cytoplasmatic zinc-dependent exopeptidase. Its physiological function is not known to date. Here we report data on tissue distribution, a polymorphism within the coding region and the complete 3' UTR. The gene (NPEPPS alias PSA) was physically mapped to chromosome 17q21.2-->q21.32 using fluorescence in situ hybridization.
High resolution micro ultrasonic machining for trimming 3D microstructures (2014)

This paper reports on the evaluation of a high resolution micro ultrasonic machining (HR-µUSM) process suitable for post fabrication trimming of complex 3D microstructures made from fused silica. Unlike conventional USM, the HR-µUSM process aims for low machining rates, providing high resolution and high surface quality. The machining rate is reduced by keeping the micro-tool tip at a fixed distance from the workpiece and vibrating it at a small amplitude. The surface roughness is improved by an appropriate selection of abrasive particles. Fluidic modeling is performed to study interaction among the vibrating micro-tool tip, workpiece, and the slurry. Using 304 stainless steel (SS304) tool tips of 50 µm diameter, the machining performance of the HR-µUSM process is characterized on flat fused silica substrates. The depths and surface finish of machined features are evaluated as functions of slurry concentrations, separation between the micro-tool and workpiece, and machining time. Under the selected conditions, the HR-µUSM process achieves machining rates as low as 10 nm s−1 averaged over the first minute of machining of a flat virgin sample. This corresponds to a mass removal rate of ≈20 ng min−1. The average surface roughness, Sa, achieved is as low as 30 nm. Analytical and numerical modeling are used to explain the typical profile of the machined features as well as machining rates. The process is used to demonstrate trimming of hemispherical 3D shells made of fused silica.
A stable trans-benzazoninyl anion (1975)

The title substance (2) is formed on mild thermal treatment of the all-cis counterpart (1) with net relief of steric congestion and acquisition of aromatic character.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Platform for Designing Ligands for Asymmetric Induction in Allylic Alkylations. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A non‐radioactive iothalamate and <i>p</i>‐aminohippuric acid high‐performance liquid chromatographic method for simultaneously measuring glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow in the rat (1994)

A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay method has been developed for the quantitative determination of iothalamate and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) concentrations in serum and urine samples in the male rat. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was measured as clearance of iothalamate, while effective renal blood flow (ERBF) was measured as clearance of PAH. The method is simple, rapid and sensitive and detects iothalamate and PAH in rat serum and urine following administration of bolus doses and continuous infusions of iothalamate and PAH. Samples of serum and urine were deproteinized with two volumes of acetonitrile containing the internal standard, and an aliquot chromatographed on a C18 reversed-phase column. The mobile phase was comprised of 0.1 M sodium phosphate with 1.2 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate: methanol, 85:15 (v/v), at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The analytical column eluate was monitored with a UV detector at 254 nm with quantitation achieved using peak-height ratios. The precision of the method was 6.6 and 3.6% for iothalamate in serum and urine, and 5.6 and 4.9% for PAH in serum and urine, respectively. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.63 microgram/mL for iothalamate and 1.25 microgram/mL for PAH in serum, and 3.1 microgram/mL for iothalamate and 1.5 microgram/mL for PAH in urine. Recovery of iothalamate from serum and urine was 99.9 and 93.5%, respectively. Recovery of PAH from serum and urine was 99.8 and 92.6%, respectively. The present study demonstrated that non-radioactive iothalamate and PAH can be measured simultaneously using a HPLC assay to measure GFR and ERBF in the male rat.
Calcium-Dependent Control of Caldesmon-Actin Interaction by S100 Protein1 (1990)

Caldesmon from chicken gizzard muscle has been examined for ability to interact with S100 protein using sedimentation, low-shear viscosity, and affinity chromatography. Ca2+/S100 protein, like Ca2+/calmodulin, inhibited the binding of caldesmon to F-actin in a concentration-dependent manner and the inhibition was not observed in the absence of Ca2+. Caldesmon was bound to S100 protein-Sepharose in the presence of Ca2+ and released with EGTA, indicating that there is a direct interaction between caldesmon and S100 protein. The binding of S100 protein to caldesmon also relieved actomyosin Mg2(+)-ATPase inhibition by caldesmon. The molar ratio of S100 protein to caldesmon required for half-maximal restoration was about 0.3, a value less than that in the case of calmodulin. S100 protein, however, was less effective in terms of the maximal extent of the restoration. With respect to Ca2(+)-sensitivity, the restoration profiles were monophasic with a midpoint at 3 x 10(-5) M for S100 protein and 8 x 10(-6) M for calmodulin. The restoration by S100 protein was almost wholly inhibited by TFP, but not by W-7. Taken together, our results suggest that a Ca2(+)-binding protein other than calmodulin may regulate caldesmon-dependent cellular functions.
Improved Detection and Identification of Basic Drugs Extracted from Tissue using TLC (1982)

Improved separation of methaqualone, lidocaine, cocaine, phencyclidine, phenacetin and methadone was achieved by a double development technique using dichloromethane:methyl ethyl ketone:ammonia (90:10:1.5 and 30:70:2). Improved identification of spots for some basic drugs was achieved after the traditional detection spray sequence with successive topical applications of: Marquis reagent, Mandelin reagent and a special ammonium molybdate fuming sulfuric acid reagent.