gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracking control of rigid-link electrically – driven robot manipulators (1992)

This paper illustrates a simple, hand-crafted approach which can be used to design tracking controllers for rigid-link electrically-driven (RLED) robot manipulators. The control methodology is intuitively simple since it is based on concepts readily identified by most control engineers. To illustrate the approach, we develop a corrective tracking controller for the RLED robot dynamics which yields global exponential stability for the link tracking error under the assumption of exact model knowledge. To compensate for the uncertainties in the rigid-link electrically-driven robot model, we then design a corrective robust tracking controller which yields global uniform ultimate bounded stability of the link tracking error. The proposed controller is robust with regard to parametric uncertainties and additive bounded disturbances while correcting for the typically ignored electrical actuator dynamics.
Comparative analysis of stress tolerance in<i>Aegilops</i>accessions and<i>Triticum</i>wheat varieties to detect different drought tolerance strategies (2006)

The drought stress tolerance of three accessions of Aegilops biuncialis Vis. (Ae225, Ae550 and Ae1050) and two varieties of Triticum aestivum L. (Sakha and Cappelle Desprez) was compared. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzymes, which reflects the intensity of oxidative stress, changes in the malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content, formed during the lipid peroxidation induced by stress situations, and the inducibility of electron removal systems appearing as an alternative to CO 2 fixation were chosen for the present investigations. Drought stress was simulated using polyethylene glycol (PEG). The order of drought stress tolerance obtained correlated well with the original habitats ofthe varieties. The present results provide a clear illustration of the fact that tolerant varieties respond differently for the parameters tested, suggesting that their resistance can be attributed to different mechanisms. Abbreviations:CuZnSOD=superoxide dismutase isoform with Cu and Zn cofactor metals, MnSOD and FeS...
Improved linearity and reliability in GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors using nanolaminate La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> gate dielectric (2016)

Abstract Improved device performance to enable high-linearity power applications has been discussed in this study. We have compared the La 2 O 3 /SiO 2 AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors (MOS-HEMTs) with other La 2 O 3 -based (La 2 O 3 /HfO 2 , La 2 O 3 /CeO 2 and single La 2 O 3 ) MOS-HEMTs. It was found that forming lanthanum silicate films can not only improve the dielectric quality but also can improve the device characteristics. The improved gate insulation, reliability, and linearity of the 8 nm La 2 O 3 /SiO 2 MOS-HEMT were demonstrated.
Minimizing optical losses in monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells with a flat top cell (2016)

In a monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem device, the perovskite top cell has to be deposited onto a flat c-Si bottom cell without anti-reflective front side texture, to avoid fabrication issues. We use optical simulations to analyze the reflection losses that this induces. We then systematically minimize these losses by introducing surface textures in combination with a so-called burial layer to keep the perovskite top cell flat. Optical simulations show that, even with a flat top cell, the monolithic perovskite/c-Si tandem device can reach a matched photocurrent density as high as 19.57 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>.
Chronic Postrheumatic-Fever (Jaccoud's) Arthritis (1962)

The relation of chronic deforming arthritis and valvular heart disease is complex and has been the source of a large number of investigations, both clinical and pathological. Earliest attention to this question followed the realization that the joint involvement in rheumatic fever was in some way related to the development of valvular heart disease. Later, the problem became one of distinguishing between the articular changes of acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatoid arthritis. This was simplified as knowledge of the course, the clinical characteristics, the x-ray features and, later, the serologic reactions of the two diseases became more familiar. Occasional . . .
Lymphoid cells in the spleens of woodchuck hepatitis virus-infected woodchucks are a site of active viral replication (1987)

Lymphoid cells were purified from the spleens of 15 woodchucks and examined for the presence of woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV). Lymphoid cells from the spleens of eight of eight chronically infected animals contained high levels of WHV RNA and DNA. A 100-fold lower level of WHV DNA was found in the spleen from one of five animals that had recovered from acute WHV infections 2 years before this analysis. No WHV nucleic acids were observed in either of two uninfected animals. WHV DNA patterns in the lymphoid cells from the spleens of the chronically infected animals, which included the presence of single-stranded DNA and RNA-DNA hybrid molecules, were identical to those observed in WHV-infected liver. WHV DNA in these cells was present in intact, 27-nm core particles which also contained the endogenous DNA polymerase activity. These results indicate that the spleen is a site of active WHV DNA replication and is most likely a major source of WHV-infected cells in the circulating lymphoid cell population.
Constraints on Measurement-Based Quantum Computation in Effective Cluster States (2012)

The aim of this work is to study the physical properties of a one-way quantum computer in an effective low-energy cluster state. We calculate the optimal working conditions as a function of the temperature and of the system parameters. The central result of our work is that any effective cluster state implemented in a perturbative framework is fragile against special kinds of external perturbations. Qualitative aspects of our work are important for any implementation of effective low-energy models containing strong multisite interactions.
Cavity growth and failure in superplastic alloys (1983)

AbstractAbstractA model for the development of cavities in superplastic alloys is described, based on a previous publication, and is extended to predict strain to failure. It is demonstrated that variations in initial cavitation density within a test specimen can have a marked effect on strain to failure and the predictions of the model are shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results obtained on the aluminium alloy 2004 (Supral).
High-frequency Components of Auditory Evoked Potentials Are Detected in Responsive but Not in Unconscious Patients (2005)

This study describes the presence of high-frequency components of the auditory evoked potential. The amount of these components is higher during responsiveness when compared to unconsciousness. Temporal localization of the high-frequency components within the auditory evoked potential shows that they represent a response to the auditory stimulus. Further studies are required to identify the source of these high-frequency components.
Mercurous Dimethylglyoximato Nitrate, Hg<sub>2</sub>(Dmg)<sub>2</sub>(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2003)

Abstract Colourless needles of mercurous dimethylglyoximato nitrate, Hg 2 (Dmg) 2 (NO 3 ) 2 , grow from a diluted nitric acid solution of mercurous nitrate and dimethylglyoxime. The crystal structure (triclinic, P1¯, a = 728.50(13), b = 1066.8(2), c = 1167.9(2) pm, α = 93.78(2)°, β = 94.16(2)°, γ = 98.61(2)°, R all = 0, 0726) contains the cations [Hg 2 (Dmg) 2 ] 2+ and “non‐coordinating” (NO 3 ) — anions. In the cation, two neutral dimethylglyoxime molecules coordinate bidentately with Hg—N distances in the narrow range of 236 to 239 pm to the mercurous ion, Hg 2 2+ , which exhibits a Hg—Hg bond distance of 252.23(8) pm).
A Numerical Study on Large-scale Periodic Array Antenna by FMM and FFT (2006)

The characteristic of a large-scale array antenna of arbitrary geometry element was analyzed using the fast multipole method (FMM) combined with fast Fourier transform (FFT). The memory requirement and the CPU time are reduced effectively compared with conventional computational complexity of FMM. Some numerical results are given to show the efficiency of the method in this research. It should be noted that the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) can also be combined with FFT to further reduce the computational complexity
A rational approach to urinary tract infections in older patients. (1992)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur more commonly in the elderly than in younger adults. The frequency of concomitant chronic illness and decreased resistance in this age group confers increased rates of morbidity and mortality, and manifestations are often atypical. Diagnosis requires careful interpretation of urine culture results and a determination of the infection as asymptomatic bacteriuria, uncomplicated UTI, or complicated UTI. This, in turn, guides therapeutic measures, including the use of oral antibiotics.
The Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell: a Challenge to Convert Bioethanol Cleanly into Electric Energy (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principles and Different Kinds of Fuel Cells Low-temperature Fuel Cells (PEMFCs and DAFCs) Solid Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cell (SAMFC) Conclusion References
Separation and Identification of Minor Alkaloids ofStrychnos nux vomica (1968)

Abstract The various alkaloids of Strychnos nux vomica L. are separated and identified by the use of silica gel or alumina columns and/or thin layer plates. The groups correspond to these three: strychnine, pseudostrychnine, and icajine. Alkaloidal composition of the column chromatographic eluates and Rf values for the various TLC solvent systems are given.
Empirical Investigation of Flexible Pricing and Payment Alternatives on Canadian Wheat Board Pooling for Wheat (1999)

Background and Study ObjectiveThe Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) has a mandate to serve farm managers in Western Canada by marketing their wheat, durum and barley for export and for domestic human consumption.Currently, under the CWB Act, the CWB operates a pooling system whereby producers deliver grain during the crop year and receive the average price for the quality of grain delivered over the crop year.Upon delivery, the farmer receives an initial payment less deductions for freight and elevation.The Federal government guarantees the initial payment.As grain sales are completed during the crop year, and as the supply/demand and forward price outlook become more certain, upward adjustments can be made to the initial payment.The CWB completes all sales, pays all expenses, and distributes the funds remaining in the pool accounts to farmers as a final payment in January following the end of the crop year.As the final payment becomes more certain, interim payments to producers may be made prior to the final payment.This system of pooling and payments ensures that each farmer receives the same price for grain of the same quality delivered during the crop year.Hence, it provides assurance that producers will not be disadvantaged due to timing of delivery throughout the crop year.The price pooling system, however, does not recognize the diverse producer needs in terms of risk management and cash flow requirements.The time lag in receiving the final price on delivered grain is identified as a cash flow problem for the farm manager.Additionally, no mechanism is in place to allow managers to lock in a price for grain delivered earlier in the crop year.Despite the initial payment, the farm manager confronts price uncertainty.The final value of the crop delivered to the CWB is not fully determined until after the crop year is over.Moreover, the price uncertainty is larger at seeding time and during the early part of the crop year when information on world production is less available than later in the crop year.The federal government commissioned a panel in October 1994 to examine Western Canada's grain marketing system in response to the request of farmers to make the system more flexible and responsive.The recommendations of the Western Grain Marketing Panel are embodied in the
Evaluation of surrogate endpoints in randomized experiments with mixed discrete and continuous outcomes (2001)

A statistical definition of surrogate endpoints as well as validation criteria was first presented by Prentice. Freedman et al. supplemented these criteria with the so-called proportion explained. Buyse and Molenberghs pointed to inadequacies of these criteria and suggested a new definition of surrogacy based on (i) the relative effect linking the overall effect of treatment on both endpoints and (ii) an individual-level measure of agreement between both endpoints. Using data from a randomized trial, they showed how a potential surrogate endpoint can be studied using a joint model for the surrogate and the true endpoint. Whereas Buyse and Molenberghs restricted themselves to the fairly simple cases of jointly normal and jointly binary outcomes, we treat the situation where the surrogate is binary and the true endpoint is continuous, or vice versa. In addition, we consider the case of ordinal endpoints. Further, Buyse et al. extended the approach of Buyse and Molenberghs to a meta-analytic context. We will adopt a similar approach for responses of a mixed data type. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complementarity and Cirel'son's inequality (1996)

The least upper bound in Cirel'son's quantum generalization of the local-realistic Bell inequality is intermediate between the local-realistic and general probablistic limits. An alternative derivation of Cirel'son's inequality is presented which sheds light on the role played by complementarity in determining this bound and the fact that it falls short of the general probablistic limit.
Use of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Anthropometry to Measure Fat‐free Mass in Children and Adolescents With Crohn Disease (2007)

The formula of Schaefer is the best for predicting FFM. The present study provides a new prediction equation for estimating FFM in children with Crohn disease that may be used in clinical settings in which more sophisticated body composition measuring equipments are not available.
Electrochemical Stepwise Synthesis of Poly[2,5-(silanylene)thiophene] Precursors (1998)

The easy control of the electrochemical parameters involved in the intensiostatic sacrificial anode technique was applied to the stepwise synthesis of silanylene-2,5-thiophenylene backbones with high selectivity and versatility not accessible by purely chemical routes. 2,5-Bis(chlorodiorganosilyl)thiophenes and related linear poly[2,5-(silanylene)thiophene] oligomers with one to three silicon atoms were synthesized by electrochemical reduction of 2,5-dibromo- or 2,5-dichlorothiophene in the presence of a diorganodichlorosilane.
Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus aureus Strain CA-347, a USA600 Methicillin-Resistant Isolate (2013)

The Staphylococcus aureus clonal lineage CC45 is a predominant colonizer of healthy individuals in northern Europe and constitutes a highly basal cluster of the S. aureus population. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of S. aureus strain CA-347 (NRS648), a representative of the methicillin-resistant USA600 clone predominantly found in the United States.
Ventilation‐perfusion relationships and atelectasis formation in the supine and lateral positions during conventional mechanical and differential ventilation (1990)

Patients without respiratory symptoms were studied awake and during general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation prior to elective surgery. Ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) relationships, gas exchange and atelectasis formation were studied during five different conditions: 1) supine, awake; 2) supine during anesthesia with conventional mechanical ventilation (CV); 3) in the left lateral position during CV; 4) as 3) but with 10 cm of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and 5) as 3) but using differential ventilation with selective PEEP (DV + SPEEP) to the dependent lung. Atelectatic areas and increases of shunt blood flow and blood flow to regions with low VA/Q ratios appeared after induction of anesthesia and CV. With the patients in the lateral position, further VA/Q mismatch with a fall in PaO2 and increased dead space ventilation was observed. Atelectatic lung areas were still present, although the total atelectatic area was slightly decreased. Some of the effects caused by the lateral position could be counteracted by adding PEEP. Perfusion of regions with low VA/Q ratios and venous admixture were then diminished, while PaO2 was slightly increased; shunt blood flow and dead space ventilation were essentially unchanged. During CV + PEEP, there was a decrease in cardiac output, compared to CV in the lateral position. DV + SPEEP was more effective than CV + PEEP in decreasing shunt flow and increasing PaO2 in the lateral position; in addition to this, cardiac output was not affected.
Analysis and DSP Implementation of a Broadband Duct ANC System Using Spatially Feedforward Structure (2000)

The active control technique for broadband attenuation of noise in ducts, using spatially feedforward structure, is investigated from the viewpoints of both acoustic analysis and control engineering. According to the previous work by Munjal and Eriksson [1], there exists an ideal controller for this problem. The ideal controller is a function of the finite source impedance and is thus independent of the boundary conditions. Despite the simplicity, the ideal controller cannot be practically implemented due to the difficulty of calibration of electro-mechanical parameters. To overcome the problem, the controller is implemented via an equivalent formulation modified from the controller originally proposed by Roure [2]. The modified controller is implemented on a DSP platform, using a FIR filter, an IIR filter and a hybrid filter. The experimental results showed that the system achieved 17.2 dB maximal attenuation in the frequency band 300∼600 Hz. Physical insights and design considerations in implementation phase are also discussed in the paper.
Effects of topically applied clobetasol-17-propionate on histamine release in human skin (1984)

The effects of topical glucocorticoid treatment on histamine responses and histamine release induced by the histamine liberating agent compound 48/80 were studied in 17 healthy volunteers. The potent glucocorticoid ointment clobetasol-17-propionate was applied on one upper arm of each individual 14, 4 and 2 hours before testing. The other arm was treated in the same way with the corresponding vehicle. Solutions of histamine and compound 48/80 were injected intradermally in both arms. The size of the flare reaction and the duration of the itch response were recorded. It was found that the flare reactions evoked by histamine were slightly (p less than 0.05) reduced on the steroid-pretreated arm whereas the responses to compound 48/80 were much more suppressed (p less than 0.01). Glucocorticoid treatment did not influence the itch responses to histamine while the itch duration following injection of compound 48/80 was significantly reduced in steroid-treated skin compared to control skin. Our results indicate that topical glucocorticoid treatment can suppress histamine release from dermal mast cells in man.
Desing of new tunnable ferroelectric composites (2003)

Non-linear dielectrics which display electric-field dependent dielectric properties can be used in microwave devices such as tunable resonators or phase shifters...
SOFC materials development: Chromite interconnections (1990)

Solid oxide fuel cells are emerging as an attractive, clean, and efficient technology for the direct conversion of hydrogen and fossil fuels to electrical energy. The major challenge in developing SOFCs is to develop materials with acceptable electrical, thermal and electrochemical properties that can be synthesized, processed and fabricated as a high-performance fuel cell at low cost. The use of these different chromite, manganite, zirconia and nickel material combinations potentially results in several fabrication and performance-related limitations. The most critical problems are the thermal expansion mismatch between these materials, the low electrical conductivities (primarily of the air electrode) and the complex fuel cell fabrication/process steps required. Critical thermal, electrochemical and electrical properties are compromised in order to achieve compatibility between materials and improved fuel cell performance. The objectives of this research are to: develop a broader selection of alternative SOFC current interconnections and air electrode materials with improved electrical, thermal and electrochemical properties leading to enhanced and long-term performance of SOFCs; develop advanced synthesis and fabrication processes for both state-of-the-art La(Sr)CrO{sub 3} and new and alternative materials for use as interconnection and air electrode materials in SOFCs.
THE EFFECT OF ION IMPLANTATION OF SELECTED DOPANTS ON SOME OF THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF UO2 (2003)

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) has {approx}1 billion pounds of surplus depleted uranium (i.e., uranium tails) from uranium gaseous diffusion enrichment facilities. Rather than treating this material as waste, DOE is investigating potential beneficial uses for this uranium. Of the many possible uses, uranium dioxide (UO2) has properties that make it an equal to or better than conventional photovoltaic (e.g., solar cell) materials. For example, the electronic bandgap of UO2 occurs at an efficiency equal to that of GaS and Si, and it has five radiation adsorption peaks instead of one. This paper describes the experimental work being conducted to develop urania photovoltaic devices.
Comparative Study of Optimization Techniques for Shock and Vibration Isolation (1969)

Several optimum and suboptimum isolators are discussed with respect to three different criteria appropriate to shock and vibration isolation. In attempting to show the limitations of performance of a system optimized according to one criterion when considered from the point of view of another criterion, a number of advantages and disadvantages of the optimum systems are made evident. The results are presented in trade-off diagrams which allow a continuous range of choice in penalizing measures of relative displacement and the force or acceleration associated with the isolated element.
Protein and Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis During the Diploid Life Cycle of <i>Allomyces arbuscula</i> (1972)

The diploid life cycle of Allomyces arbuscula may be divided into four parts: spore induction, germination, vegetative growth, and mitosporangium formation. Spore induction, germination, and mitosporangium formation are insensitive to inhibition of actinomycin D, probably indicating that stable, pre-existing messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) is responsible for these developmental events. Protein synthesis is necessary during the entire life cycle except for cyst formation. A system for obtaining synchronous germination of mitospores is described. During germination there is a characteristic increase in the rate of synthesis of RNA and protein although none of the other morphogenetic changes occurring during the life cycle are necessarily accompanied by an appreciable change in the rate of macromolecular synthesis.
Injury Risk Associated With Sports Specialization and Activity Volume in Youth (2019)

Sports specialization is associated with a greater volume of vigorous sports activity and increased risk of injury. Parents, coaches, and medical providers need to be made aware of the volume threshold above which physical activity is excessive.