gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interval Type-2 Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems with linear rule consequent are universal approximators (2009)

Whether a rule-based fuzzy system has the ability to approximate any multivariate continuous function arbitrarily well is an important issue, especially for fuzzy control and fuzzy modeling. The answer to this issue concerning various Mamdani and Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy systems employing type-1 fuzzy sets is affirmative and well documented in the literature. As for type-2 (T2) fuzzy systems, the only result currently available is ours showing a general class of interval T2 Mamdani fuzzy systems to be universal approximators. In the present paper, we extend our investigation to cover a general class of interval T2 TS fuzzy systems with linear rule consequent. We prove constructively that this class is universal approximator by first proving that the fuzzy systems can uniformly approximate any polynomials arbitrarily accurately and then utilizing the Weierstrass approximation theorem to complete the proof.
Molecular Nutritional Study on Prevention of Muscle Atrophy (2014)

Skeletal muscle atrophy caused by disuse is characterized by both reduction of protein synthesis and protein degradation. In our previous study, we found that ubiquitin ligase plays an important role in muscle atrophy under microgravity conditions. Therefore, it is possible that inhibition of ubiquitin ligase activity might prevent muscle atrophy. In this review, we focused on the role of proteolysis during muscle atrophy and a nutritional approach to prevent muscle atrophy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy and its related pathways is critical for the development of new therapeutic approaches.
HIV Immunotherapeutic Vaccines (2000)

New combinations of antiretrovirals have improved the quality of life and length of survival of patients with HIV infection and AIDS, but they have significant disadvantages. These include considerable toxicity, the development of drug resistance and expense. Successful immunotherapeutic vaccination against HIV would overcome these problems. None of the approaches that have been tried so far have shown a sufficient effect on HIV replication or on immunorestoration to merit their introduction to clinical practice. The most developed agent thus far is Remune, a gp120 depleted whole killed HIV-1 vaccine that has shown marked cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses when administered to man. CD4 count and HIV-1 viral load responses have occurred, but have so far been disappointing in their magnitude. Remune is entering Phase III trials in North America, Europe and the Far East, to determine clinical efficacy. Immunization using recombinant HIV envelope proteins, such as rgp160, for example with VaxSyn, have failed to produce a therapeutic response. Similarly, agents using HIV core antigens, such as p24VLP, have also failed to work. Hence, newer strategies have been tried. Recombinant canarypox vaccines like ALVAC 1452 and highly attenuated vaccinia virus vaccines, such as NYVAC, have been used in combination with HIV genes and peptides. Preliminary results suggest that they might reduce the HIV replication rate, but this needs confirming in larger clinical trials. DNA vaccination has produced encouraging results in monkeys, but the success has not yet been repeated in humans. Other strategies at an early stage include the exploitation of the protective alloimmune response in man. Outside the immunotherapeutic area, other promising new strategies that are being developed in parallel, include the fusion inhibitors, such as T-20. The potential benefits from a successful immunotherapeutic vaccine dictate that this area should, and will receive priority.
The Reduced Monotonic Regression Method (1997)

Abstract Medical researchers often desire to categorize patients into monotonic response groups based on the relationship between continuous variables. Isotonic regression fits consist of level sets of increasing value, for which the estimated response is constant. However, the number of level sets obtained is often large, preventing simple description. This article introduces two new nonparametric methods called reduced isotonic regression and reduced monotonic regression, the latter being a two-sided extension of the former for use when the direction of the trend is unknown. Using a backward elimination algorithm, the new procedures reduce the number of level sets by combining those whose values do not differ greatly. For the statistical relations examined here, the reduced monotonic method averaged at most 30% of the number of level sets obtained for isotonic regression. The method is illustrated with an example that examines the relationship between risk factors for survival among children with leukemia. In simulation studies, the reduced monotonic method fits the data as closely as alternative methods that combine isotonicity and smoothing, while improving greatly on isotonic regression. The method is also related to changepoint models of normally distributed sequences.
EFFECT OF VARYING CONTRAST RATIO AND BRIGHTNESS NON - UNIFORMITY OVER HUMAN ATTENTION AND TUNNELING ASPECTS IN AVIATION (2012)

The prime role of head -up displays (HUDs) is to provide primary flight, navigation, aircraft and guidance information to the pilot in his forward field of view on see -through glasses with optical filter properties known as beam combiners (BC) which facilitates the pilot in excellent control of an aircraft activ ities through the concurrent scan of instrument data as well as the outside scene. Even though the HUDs are known to improve the flight performance, there are perceptual and cognitive issues associated with its use. This paper puts forward the results of astudy carried on human aspects in form of attention capture and t unnelingdue to HUD use under the environmental conditions where ambientbrightness is changing and the HUD display screen presents a non -uniform brightness across the display screen. The pilots tend to have division of near and far domain attentional resources resulting due to the attention or cognitive capture as established in this study and also established in studies carried worldwide. HUDs may cause decrease in pilots situation awareness (SA) in tasks that require constant monitoring of information in the environment which may demand split second decisions at times. It h as been established through the study carried out in this work that there is a distinct relation of HUD displaybrightness, contrast ratio (CR) and the non-uniformity in HUDdisplaybrightness with the attention capture and tunneling. The study conducted b ased
William Byrd: Political and Recusant Composer (2012)

Amidst the pendulum of political and religious upheaval that pervaded England throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth century, William Byrd stands as one of the best loved and lauded composers. Byrd succeeded in the secular and sacred realms, contributing great works to the Anglican Church, popularizing the English madrigal and producing prolific amounts of sacred music. However, in a time where one’s religious beliefs were often linked with political loyalty, Byrd defied his monarch’s established and enforced Protestant religion, composing politically charged music for recusant use in clandestine Catholic Church services. His themes were aligned with the Jesuit mission and his texts were often drawn from the lips of martyred Catholics at the gallows; their last words forever immortalized by Byrd for the furthering of the Jesuit cause and the Counter-Reformation. The examination of sources by prominent Byrd scholars, an analyses of Byrd’s ‘political’ compositions and a study of the social and historical background are used to place Byrd within the appropriate context, prove his recusant and political leanings, and analyze his precarious relationship with the English monarch, Elizabeth I. It is shown that Byrd could not have proceeded with his recusant practices, personally or musically, had it not been for his status as a composer, as well as Byrd’s shrewdness in procuring diplomatic relationships with high persons at court and with Queen Elizabeth I through the Chapel Royal. Finally, Byrd’s success at writing for the Anglican Church service and popular secular music showcased his ability to take a moderate stance in situations that benefitted his status with the crown.
The Experimental Study on Biocompatibility of the Tendon Suture (2005)

To evaluate the compatibility of the tendon suture,some experiments were done based on cell toxicity test.They are urgent toxicity,hemo1ytic,skin stimulated and pyrogenic reaction test.Then their test datas were analyzed and evaluated according to GB/T.It showed that these experiments had the negative outcomes.So the tendon suture had good biocompatibility,and it is an ideal biology material for medicine.
Cations that alter surface potentials of lipid bilayers increase the calcium requirement for exocytosis in sea urchin eggs. (1988)

1. We examined the effects of cations that bind to phospholipid bilayers on the calcium requirement for exocytosis in vitro. 2. Tetracaine and trifluoperazine, two monovalent cations that bind hydrophobically to lipid bilayers, decreased the zeta-potential of lipid vesicles with a phospholipid composition similar to sea urchin plasma membranes; the decrease in the magnitude of the negative zeta-potential was consistent with the Gouy-Chapman-Stern theory. 3. Trifluoperazine and tetracaine also increased the concentration of calcium required to produce half-maximal exocytosis (Ca50) in isolated fragments of plasma membranes from sea urchin eggs. 4. The effects of trifluoperazine and tetracaine on the Ca50 of egg fragments can be explained quantitatively from the zeta-potential data obtained with phospholipid vesicles if we assume the calcium binding sites responsible for triggering exocytosis lie within a Debye length (less than 1 nm) of the surface of the plasma membranes, such that the concentration of calcium at the sites is affected by the surface potential of the membrane. 5. The divalent cation magnesium, which binds specifically to the phosphate group of lipids, affected Ca50 in a manner that can also be explained quantitatively from its effects on the zeta-potential of phospholipid vesicles. 6. The polyvalent cation neomycin, which adsorbs to the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate with high affinity, also binds co-operatively to phosphatidylinositol; its effect on Ca50 can be explained quantitatively from its effects on the zeta-potential of vesicles containing the latter lipid. 7. A decrease in the ionic strength increases the magnitude of the surface potential of membranes; the effect of ionic strength on Ca50 can be explained qualitatively from its effect on the zeta-potential of phospholipid vesicles. 8. All our results are consistent with the hypothesis that calcium binding sites lie within a Debye length of the plasma membrane; they also indicate that drugs with specific, high-affinity sites may affect exocytosis by a non-specific mechanism.
Estimation of Correlation Coefficients by Ellipsoidal Trimming (1978)

The ellipsoid of minimal content containing a set of points is used as a trimming device and as a direct means of estimating correlation coefficients for mid‐truncated data. Numerical results are presented for simulated data and for Fisher's data from Iris setosa plants.
Porous Nickel Oxide/Nickel Films for Electrochemical Capacitors (1996)

Nano‐sized NiO/Ni composite films have been found to perform as superior electrodes in electrochemical capacitor applications. These films can provide a specific capacitance of 50 to 64 F/g. The specific energy and specific power of these films were 25 to 40 kJ/kg and 4 to 17 kW/kg, respectively. These specific quantities are dependent on the microstructure of the films. Superior performance can be obtained from samples having rough surfaces and consisting of larger secondary particles (ca. 100 to 120 nm in diam).
Studying Chromatin Chromatin Structure and Function: Molecular and Cellular Biophysical Methods, Part A Claudio A. Nicolini Chromatin Structure and Function: Levels of Organization and Cell Function, Part B Claudio A. Nicolini (1980)

Studying Chromatin Get access Chromatin Structure and Function: Molecular and Cellular Biophysical Methods, Part A, 367 p., ilius., $32.50 ; Levels of Organization and Cell Function, Part B, 499 p., illus., $42.50; edited by Nicolini Claudio A.. Plenum Press, New York, 1979 (78-24268). R. Douglas Carlson R. Douglas Carlson Biology Department Brookhaven, National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 30, Issue 2, February 1980, Pages 119–120, https://doi.org/10.2307/1307924 Published: 01 February 1980
CXCIV.—Synthetical experiments in the group of the isoquinoline alkaloids. Part IV. The synthesis of β-gnoscopine (1914)

E. Hope and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1914, 105, 2085 DOI: 10.1039/CT9140502085
A review of the diets of captive gorillas (Gorilla gorilla). (1976)

It is clear that most zoos feed their gorillas a principally frugivorous diet, while the diets of wild gorilla populations are undoubtedly basically herbivorous. The primary food plant of western and eastern lowland gorillas is Aframomum, and Blancou (1955) even maintains that these plants possess active parasiticidal qualities, but this subscription is not borne out by recent research. However, it is possible that another plant food, combretum, could have some propensities as a deparasitant. Many captive gorillas accept cooked or raw meat in their diets and there is some evidence that feral gorillas may also occasionally consume matter of animal origin.
Shape selectivity key to designed catalysis (1982)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTShape selectivity key to designed catalysisComplex catalyst molecules can select reactants and products through precisely designed pores and interior reaction cavities; latest developments include a new catalyst class, aluminophosphatesJOSEPH HAGGINView Author Information C&EN, ChicagoCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1982, 60, 50, 9–15Publication Date (Print):December 13, 1982Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 13 December 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v060n050.p009Copyright © 1982 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) SUBJECTS:Catalysis,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
On the Evaluation of Determinants by Chiò's Method (1975)

(1975). On the Evaluation of Determinants by Chio's Method. The Two-Year College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 8-10.
Time-Frequency Mask-based Speech Enhancement using Convolutional Generative Adversarial Network (2018)

Speech Enhancement (SE) system deals with improving the perceptual quality and preserving the speech intelligibility of the noisy mixture. The Time-Frequency (T-F) masking-based SE using the supervised learning algorithm, such as a Deep Neural Network (DNN), has outperformed the traditional SE techniques. However, the notable difference observed between the oracle mask and the predicted mask, motivates us to explore different deep learning architectures. In this paper, we propose to use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)-based Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) for inherent mask estimation. GAN takes an advantage of the adversarial optimization, an alternative to the other Maximum Likelihood (ML) optimization-based architectures. We also show the need for supervised T-F mask estimation for effective noise suppression. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed T-F mask-based SE significantly outperforms the recently proposed end-to-end SEGAN and a GAN-based Pix2Pix architecture. The performance evaluation in terms of both the predicted mask and the objective measures, dictates the improvement in the speech quality, while simultaneously reducing the speech distortion observed in the noisy mixture.
The role of neutrophils in the upper and lower respiratory tract during influenza virus infection of mice (2008)

Neutrophils play a critical role in limiting influenza virus replication during the early and later phases of infection. Furthermore, a virus strain of moderate virulence can induce severe clinical disease in the absence of an effective neutrophil response.
Relationship between Seed‐Filling Period and Yield among Soybean Breeding Lines<sup>1</sup> (1986)

It has been suggested that seed‐filling period (SFP) and seed yield are positively related in soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between seed yield and SFP among F 5 lines. Estimates of SFP were also made in the F 4 and F 5 generations, and a reproductive period estimate was also made in the F 2 . All genotypes came from the cross ‘Williams’ ✕ ‘Kanrich’ and were selected for differences in SFP. Replicated yield and SFP data were taken in 1982 and 1983; soil types for those years were a Drummer silty clay loam (Typic Haplaquall) and a Catlin silt loam (Typic Argiudoll), respectively. Data taken in the F 2 and F 4 were on single plants and those taken in the F 5 were on unreplicated rows. The relationship between reproductive period in the F 2 and combined 1982 and 1983 yield data was nonexistent ( r = 0.00), while that between SFP in the F 4 and F 5 and the combined 1982 and 1983 yield data was significantly positive. Within 1982 and 1983, in three maturity groups, a positive relationship between yield and four estimates of SFP was found in most cases, the exception being Maturity Group II lines in 1983. In addition, the three highest yielding lines, over years and maturity groups, all came from F 4 plants selected as having a long SFP in the F 4 generation. These data suggest a positive relationship between SFP and yield and that progress for yield may be made by selecting for SFP.
Automotive electrical power system simulation (AEPSS) (1988)

Lucas are active in the design and specification of vehicle electrical power systems. It is required that the charging and storage system should be adequate for the demands placed on it during vehicle use. As the pace of change increases, and as weight and cost constraints tighten, it becomes necessary to assess proposed systems quickly, cheaply, and reliably before implementing in hardware. To this end a computer simulation model has been developed by the Lucas Research Centre, sponsored by other Lucas companies. The purpose of the simulation model is to predict the performance of an automotive electrical power system when exercised by a variety of duty cycles. The performance is defined by the system voltages at specific points (e.g. battery terminals, electronic control module), current flows between specific points (e.g. into/out of battery), and by state of charge (SOC) of the storage element. The model and its application are described. >
Insights into the skin microbiome dynamics of leprosy patients during multi-drug therapy and in healthy individuals from Brazil (2018)

Leprosy is a chronic infectious peripheral neuropathy that is caused by Mycobacterium leprae, and the skin is one of its preferred target sites. However, the effects of this infection on the skin microbiome remain largely unexplored. Here, we characterize and compare the lesional and non-lesional skin microbiomes of leprosy patients and healthy individuals through the deep sequencing of 16 S rRNA genes. Additionally, a subset of patients was monitored throughout the multi-drug therapy to investigate its effect on the leprous skin microbiome. Firmicutes-associated OTUs (primarily Staphylococcus) prevailed in healthy individuals. By contrast, Firmicutes was underrepresented and Proteobacteria was enriched in the patients' skin, although a single dominant taxon has not been observed at a finer taxonomic resolution. These differences can be explained by the significant decrease in Staphylococcus and Streptococcus as well as the enrichment in Brevundimonas. The overrepresentation of Micrococcus in patients is also remarkable. Genus-level compositional profiles revealed no significant intrapersonal difference between lesional and non-lesional sites. Treatment-associated changes indicated a loss of diversity and a shift in the community composition, with stronger impacts on the OTUs that are considered indigenous bacteria. Therefore, the molecular signatures associated with leprosy identified herein might be of importance for early diagnostics.
Ciprofloxacin or Tamsulosin in Men with Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (2004)

Ciprofloxacin and tamsulosin did not substantially reduce symptoms in men with long-standing CP/CPPS who had at least moderate symptoms.
A Cost Efficient Framework for Managing Distributed Resources in a Cluster Environment (2009)

Most resource management systems in large distributed environments rely on a centralised controller scheme, known as a meta-scheduler. Such a meta-scheduler is designed to have a complete control of all resources worldwide through a number of local schedulers on each participating site. Faced with a potential large number of sites, the central scheduling point represents a potential bottleneck for requests needing fast response. In this paper, we consider the efficiency of a localised two-tier system: the first tier selects appropriate computing resources from the worldwide pool and creates a virtual cluster. The second tier employs a local scheduler to distribute jobs/tasks from the applications among the resources that make up the cluster. The two-tier approach differentiates the tasks of securing a suitable resource level and managing their use. The aim is to ensure a rapid request response while at the same time optimising the system performance. To this end, we consider a management strategy that incorporates rental policy and scheduling schemes. We propose aggressive and conservative heuristic based policies and evaluate their performance to demonstrate the cost effectiveness of such approaches.
<i>In Vivo</i> Pharmacokinetics, Long-Term Biodistribution, and Toxicology of PEGylated Graphene in Mice (2010)

Graphene has emerged as interesting nanomaterials with promising applications in a range of fields including biomedicine. In this work, for the first time we study the long-term in vivo biodistribution of (125)I-labeled nanographene sheets (NGS) functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and systematically examine the potential toxicity of graphene over time. Our results show that PEGylated NGS mainly accumulate in the reticuloendothelial system (RES) including liver and spleen after intravenous administration and can be gradually cleared, likely by both renal and fecal excretion. PEGylated NGS do not cause appreciable toxicity at our tested dose (20 mg/kg) to the treated mice in a period of 3 months as evidenced by blood biochemistry, hematological analysis, and histological examinations. Our work greatly encourages further studies of graphene for biomedical applications.