gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrasting Roles of Basolateral Amygdala and Orbitofrontal Cortex in Impulsive Choice (2004)

The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA) share many reciprocal connections, and a functional interaction between these regions is important in controlling goal-directed behavior. However, their relative roles have proved hard to dissociate. Although injury to these brain regions can cause similar effects, it has been suggested that the resulting impairments arise through damage to different, yet converging, cognitive processes. Patients with OFC or amygdala lesions exhibit maladaptive decision making and aberrant social behavior often described as impulsive. Impulsive choice may be measured in both humans and rodents by evaluating intolerance to delay of reinforcement. Rats with excitotoxic lesions of the BLA and OFC were tested on such a delay-discounting procedure. Although lesions of the BLA increased choice of the small immediate reward, indicating greater impulsivity, OFC lesions had the opposite effect, increasing preference for the larger but delayed reward. The fact that the delay did not devalue the large reward to such an extent in OFC-lesioned animals supports the suggestion that the OFC is involved in updating the incentive value of outcomes in response to devaluation. In contrast, the BLA-lesioned animals markedly decreased their preference for the large reward when it was delayed, potentially because of an inability to maintain a representation of the reward in its absence. This is the first time that lesions to these two structures have produced opposite behavioral effects, indicating their distinct contributions to cognition.
Functional SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling in the developing spinal cord (2005)

Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF1) and its cognate receptor CXCR4 have been shown to play a central role in the development of the cerebellum, hippocampus, and neocortex. However, little is known about the functions of SDF1/CXCR4 in early spinal cord progenitor cell differentiation. Here, we show that a functional SDF1alpha/CXCR4 signaling pathway is present in developing spinal cord cells (a spliced variant of SDF1). RT-PCR analysis of SDF1alpha and CXCR4 showed that they were present in E10.5 neural tube and their expression increased as neuroepithelial cells differentiated into more committed spinal cord progenitors. Stimulation of the more differentiated progenitors (E14.5) with SDF1alpha resulted in rapid activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2. This SDF1alpha-induced ERK activity was dose dependent and could be inhibited by pre-treatment of the cells with either pertussis toxin, an inactivator of G-protein-coupled receptors, or PD98059, a MEK1 inhibitor. Concomitant with ERK activation, SDF1alpha also activated the downstream transcription factor Ets, a substrate for ERK phosphorylation. Further, downstream activation of genes associated with cell survival, differentiation and migration was assessed using a G-protein-coupled receptor pathway-focused microarray. We found that 23 genes, including PDK1, Egr-1, Grm5, and E-selectin, were up-regulated by SDF1alpha. Furthermore, SDF1alpha induced chemotaxis in both neural and glial progenitors in in vitro migration assays. Pre-treatment of the cells with either pertussis toxin or PD98059 completely inhibited SDF1alpha-induced chemotaxis. Thus, our data suggest that SDF1alpha may function through a CXCR4/ERK/Ets-linked signalling pathway in spinal cord neural development to modulate migration of progenitor cells.
Inflammatory response to burn trauma: nicotine attenuates proinflammatory cytokine levels. (2014)

This study confirms in a standardized burn model that stimulation of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is involved in the regulation of effectory molecules of the immune response. Looking at the results of our study, further experiments designed to explore and evaluate the potency and mechanisms of the immunomodulating effects of this receptor system are warranted.
In vitro Methylation of Escherichia coli 16S rRNA by tRNA (m5U54)-methyltransferase (1994)

16S rRNA, isolated from Escherichia coli or synthesized in vitro, is methylated by tRNA (m5U54)-methyltransferase (RUMT) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine to give ribothymidine (m5U). By methylation studies of 16S rRNA fragments, nearest-neighbor analysis, and nuclease protection experiments, the site of methylation was identified as U788. We have previously shown that the substrate consensus sequence for the T-arm of tRNA consists of a 2-5 base-pair stem and a 7-base loop, with certain constraints on base substitutions within the loop, and in the first two bases which close the loop [Gu, X., & Santi, D. V. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 2999-3002]. U788 of 16S rRNA is within a 9-base loop of a predicted stem-loop structure of 16S rRNA. If Ado substitution is allowed at the third and seventh positions of the loop and the first and ninth bases of the loop form an A-C base pair, the resulting stem-loop falls within the RUMT consensus sequence of the T-arm of tRNA. Individual mutants of the tRNA T-arm at these positions confirm that the substitutions are allowable, and expand the previous consensus sequence. Further, prevention of 7-base loop formation by requiring C-C base-pair formation at the loop closure abolishes substrate activity. RUMT forms a complex with Syn 16S rRNA which can be isolated on nitrocellulose filters or by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The enzyme also catalyzes exchange of tritium of [3H]Ura-16S rRNA for protons of water. By analogy with studies with tRNA [Gu, X., & Santi, D. V. (1991) Biochemistry 31, 10295-10302], the mechanism of methylation is proposed to involve formation of a covalent, albeit reversible, Michael adduct with the target U788 of 16S rRNA.
DNA polymerase iota and related Rad30–like enzymes (2001)

Until recently, the molecular mechanisms of translesion DNA synthesis (TLS), a process whereby a damaged base is used as a template for continued replication, was poorly understood. This area of scientific research has, however, been revolutionized by the finding that proteins long implicated in TLS are, in fact, DNA polymerases. Members of this so-called UmuC/DinB/Rev1/Rad30 superfamily of polymerases have been identified in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and archaea. Biochemical studies with the highly purified polymerases reveal that some, but not all, can traverse blocking lesions in template DNA. All of them share a common feature, however, in that they exhibit low fidelity when replicating undamaged DNA. Of particular interest to us is the Rad30 subfamily of polymerases found exclusively in eukaryotes. Humans possess two Rad30 paralogs, Rad30A and Rad30B. The RAD30A gene encodes DNA polymerase eta and defects in the protein lead to the xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) phenotype in humans. Very recently RAD30B has also been shown to encode a novel DNA polymerase, designated as Pol iota. Based upon in vitro studies, it appears that Pol iota has the lowest fidelity of any eukaryotic polymerase studied to date and we speculate as to the possible cellular functions of such a remarkably error-prone DNA polymerase.
CNC Machining Simulation and Optimization Based on CATIA and VERICUT (2012)

This paper briefly describes the role and function of CATIA and VERICUT, and combining this two software as optimization platform built collect modeling, machining, simulation and optimization in one of the CNC machining chain. Through the VERICUT to simulate and optimize the NC program, examples demonstrate the rationality of optimization, avoid the collision, interference and had cut in the production and processing, improve the efficiency in the use of CNC machine.
Monitoring Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Treatment of Superficial Bladder Carcinoma by Postoperative Urinary Cytology (1987)

We studied 51 patients with superficial bladder carcinoma who had been treated with transurethral resection of all gross tumor followed by intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin weekly for 6 weeks. Within 72 hours of either the first or second quarterly cystoscopic surveillance examination after bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy, a conventional cytology study was obtained. Of these patients 8 (15.7 per cent) had positive, 9 (17.6 per cent) suspicious and 34 (66.7 per cent) negative postoperative cytology studies. Subsequent tumor recurrence was defined as a positive biopsy or visible papillary tumors on cystoscopic examination. All 8 patients with a positive postoperative cytology study had tumor recurrence at a median interval of 4 months. Of the 9 patients with a suspicious study 7 (77.8 per cent) had recurrent tumor at a median interval of 7 months and 2 (22.2 per cent) had no evidence of disease at 16 and 19 months, respectively. Of the 34 patients with a negative postoperative cytology study 13 (38.2 per cent) had tumor recurrence after a median interval of 4 months and 21 (67.8 per cent) had no evidence of disease after a median of 25 months. The tumor recurrence rate in patients with a positive or suspicious postoperative cytology study was significantly greater than that of patients with a negative study (p equals 0.001, Fisher's exact test). Postoperative cytology appears to be a significant prognostic indicator following transurethral resection and intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment of superficial bladder carcinoma.
Construction Technique,Effect and Mechanism of Pressure-grouting for Increasing the Bearing Capacity of Bored-piles (2004)

Based on the in-situ pressure-grouting experiments and the full-scale pile quiescontly loaded tests of Wudou bridge, the process and effect of jet pressure-grouting are presented in this paper.The mechanism of increasing the performance of bored piles by grouting is also analyzed.And engineering experience of applying the new technique is presented in the paper.
Synthesis of patch antennas loaded by inhomogeneous substrates via a combined spectral domain: Genetic algorithm approach (2003)

Abstract The optimized design of patch antennas with inhomogeneous loading materials is presented in this paper. The analysis and a first coarse design of the antennas is applied to a numerical tool based on the method of moments (MoM) and on a full‐wave formulation developed in the spectral domain that exploits both rigorous and asymptotic closed‐form expressions of the Green's function for a stratified integrated structure with inhomogeneous substrates. In order to match the specific prescribed requirements for the antennas, then, the optimization of the patch shape ( fine design ) is performed by a dedicated subroutine implementing the genetic algorithm (GA) search and integrated in the aforementioned MoM numerical tool. Some numerical results showing the capabilities of the code are finally presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 464–468, 2003
Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Multi-Moment (SLMM) transport on the sphere. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Plasticity-Mediated Competitive Learning (1994)

Differentiation between the nodes of a competitive learning network is conventionally achieved through competition on the basis of neural activity. Simple inhibitory mechanisms are limited to sparse representations, while decorrelation and factorization schemes that support distributed representations are computationally unattractive. By letting neural plasticity mediate the competitive interaction instead, we obtain diffuse, nonadaptive alternatives for fully distributed representations. We use this technique to simplify and improve our binary information gain optimization algorithm for feature extraction (Schraudolph and Sejnowski, 1993); the same approach could be used to improve other learning algorithms. 1
Adult Müllerian Duct Or Utricle Cyst: Clinical Significance And Therapeutic Management Of 65 Cases (2002)

Since almost 60% of adults diagnosed with a müllerian duct cyst did not experience any cyst related symptoms or ejaculatory-fertility impairment, we recommend that investigation and/or treatment should only be done in symptomatic or infertile patients.
Primary user behavior in cellular networks and implications for dynamic spectrum access (2009)

Dynamic spectrum access approaches, which propose to opportunistically use underutilized portions of licensed wireless spectrum such as cellular bands, are increasingly being seen as a way to alleviate spectrum scarcity. However, before DSA approaches can be enabled, it is important that we understand the dynamics of spectrum usage in licensed bands. Our focus in this article is the cellular band. Using a unique dataset collected inside a cellular network operator, we analyze the usage in cellular bands and discuss the implications of our results on enabling DSA in these bands. One of the key aspects of our dataset is its scale-it consists of data collected over three weeks at hundreds of base stations. We dissect this data along different dimensions to characterize if and when spectrum is available, develop models of primary usage, and understand the implications of these results on DSA techniques such as sensing.
Hereditary renal amyloidosis caused by a heterozygous G654A gelsolin mutation: a report of two cases (2013)

Finnish-type familial amyloidosis (FAF) is a rare hereditary systemic amyloidosis that mainly exhibits cranial neuropathy. We describe a Japanese family with FAF manifested predominantly as renal amyloidosis. The proband was a 42-year-old woman with a 21-year history of proteinuria due to renal amyloidosis. Her mother was subsequently diagnosed with a similar disorder. After the first renal biopsy, both patients were followed up routinely for a period of 14 years. Genetic analysis of DNA samples revealed a heterozygous G654A gelsolin mutation. Severe renal involvement has not been reported previously in patients with FAF bearing a heterozygous gelsolin mutation.
Effects of Beer, Wine, and Liquor in Coronary Deaths (1979)

For a series of 568 married men who died of coronary heart disease and an equal number of matched control subjects, information was collected on a large number of variables, including daily alcohol consumption classified by type of beverage, namely, beer, wine, or liquor. Daily consumption of small to moderate amounts of alcohol (2 oz [59.2mL] or less daily) was inversely related to coronary death. This inverse relation was present in both crude and adjusted matched-pair analyses and was similar for each type of alcohol, as indicated by adjusted relative risks of 0.3 for beer, 0.3 for wine, and 0.2 for liquor. In contrast, for heavy drinking, there was no association with coronary death in either crude or adjusted analyses.
Hydrodynamic Studies on a Cyclonic Separator (1996)

Abstract The paper describes the operational principles, the modeling foundations and some laboratory results of the gas-liquid separation process taking place within a cyclonic gas-oil separator. The centrifugal and the gravity forces, acting on the flow of the gas-liquid mixture, are the main driving mechanism to separate the phases. A research program, conducted by PETROBRAS and UNICAMP, was aimed to the hydrodynamic processes occurring within the equipment. Laboratory data were obtained from down size scale models operating with mixture of air and liquid with different viscosities. The basis for the modeling is launched and a discussion regarding the limitations and constraints of the operation is presented in light of the experimental results. Prospective field applications, based on the extension of the laboratory results to actual fluids and full dimension prototypes, are also presented. Introduction The cyclonic separator is designed to separate the free gas and oil at the well-head. Once the fluids are separate4 they can be transported to the platform through individual lines. The oil is pumped by a conventional ESP - Electrical Submersible Pump, installed in the lower part of the device. The gas is driven upward by the pressure difference that exists between the separator and the collecting vessel on the platform. This concept of separation has a number of advantages: the pressure at the well head is lowered thus increasing the reservoir production; the oil, separated from the gas, can be pumped by a centrifugal pump transporting gas and oil to the platform through distinct pipelines avoids, or at least reduces, some typical problem in two-phase flows; separating the phases at the well head makes feasibly measuring each stream, which results in a better inventory of the reservoir. Such benefits enable this technology as a &date to develop deep water or marginal oil fields. This concept of separation system herein described is a variation of the Vertical Annular Separation and Pumping System - VASPS. VASPS is a UK patent application issued to the British Petroleum Company in 1988. Publications describing the operational principles of VASPS can be found in Refs, 1 through 3. The testing of VASPS is now a subject of the "VASPS Pre-Sub sea Phase 11"Project.which has been operated by AGLP on behalf of Mobil and Brasoil. At its present development stage, scale models of VASPS have been tested at AGIP's production and test site in Trecate. The present work is a joint development between PETROBRAS and UNICAMP - The State University of Campinas, in Brazil. The contract pointed out to the development of a model expressing the two-phase hydrodynamic processes occurring within the separator. During the period of the work, down size prototypes were built and experimental data was taken to calibrate the model and support it. The purposes of the laboratory simulations were two-fold: to reveal the basic mechanisms of separation and to find the operational limits of the prototypes.
Implementation of Microchannel Evaporator for High-Heat-Flux Refrigeration Cooling Applications (2005)

While most recently electronic cooling studies have been focused on removing the heat from high-power-density devices, the present study also explores means of greatly decreasing the device operating temperature. This is achieved by incorporating a microchannel heat sink as an evaporator in an R134a refrigeration loop. This system is capable of maintaining device temperatures below 55°C while dissipating in excess of 100W∕cm2. It is shown that while higher heat transfer coefficients are possible with greater mass velocities, those conditions are typically associated with wet compression corresponding to evaporator exit quality below unity and liquid entrainment at the compressor inlet. Wet compression compromises compressor performance and reliability as well as refrigeration cycle efficiency and therefore must be minimized by maintaining only slightly superheated conditions at the compressor inlet, or using a wet-compression-tolerant compressor. A parametric study of the effects of channel geometry on heat sink performance points to channels with small width and high aspect ratio as yielding superior thermal performance corresponding to only a modest penalty in pressure drop.
Modeling the Exhaust System in Two-Stroke Small Engines (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The purpose of this paper is to describe a methodology based on experimental and theoretical studies for the modeling of typical exhaust systems used in two-stroke small engines. The steady and dynamic behaviors of these systems have been measured in a flow test rig and in an impulse test rig, respectively. Information obtained from these experiments is used in two ways: to find a suitable geometric model to be used in a finite-difference scheme code, and to provide a mean pressure and a frequency domain reflecting boundary, in the frame of a hybrid method. A complete 50cc engine was modeled and comparisons between predicted and measured instantaneous pressure at the exhaust port show a fair agreement, the results of the hybrid approach being more accurate.</div>
Polykaryocytosis (1962)

Chapter 1 of most, if not all, elementary textbooks of biology describes the cell as the smallest unit of life, consisting of cytoplasm, organelles, one nucleus, all enclosed in a membrane. One well-known exception to this idealized description of the cell is the enucleated erythrocyte. A less familiar exception is the multinucleated cell or polykaryocyte. In animals, polykaryocytes occur in apparently healthy bone and placenta, in tumors, in lesions caused by viruses, minute sterile bodies, chronic infections, and in parthenogenic growth of fowl (Table 1). For nearly a century after they were described by Müller in 1838, there has been much speculation as to their origin, function, and significance. Most of the early work, however, confined itself to polykaryocytes in tuberculosis, in bone, and in tumors. Recent interest in polykaryocytosis has been kindled by the discovery that viruses induce polykaryocytosis, and moreover, that strains of the same virus differ...
Immobilized Coupling Reagents: Synthesis of Amides/Peptides (2014)

The primary idea of using immobilized reagents in organic synthetic chemistry is to simplify the downstream process, product workup and isolation, and therefore avoiding time-consuming and expensive chromatographic separations, which are intrinsic to every synthetic process. Numerous polymer-bounded reagents are commercially available and applicable to almost all kinds of synthetic chemistry conversions. Herein, we have covered all known supported-coupling reagents and bases which have had a great impact in amide/peptide bond formation. These coupling reagents have been used for the activation of a carboxyl moiety; thus generating an active acylating species that is ready to couple with an amine nucleophile liberating the amide/peptide and polymeric support which can be regenerated for reuse. This also addresses a large variety of anchored coupling reagents, additives, and bases that have only been employed in amide/peptide syntheses during the last six decades.
Multichannel wavelength multicasting for two QPSK signals based on FWM in SOA (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate multichannel wavelength multicasting for two nonreturn-to-zero quadrature phase-shift keying (NRZ-QPSK) channels based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Through the interaction with the two pumps in SOA, the input two 25 Gb/s NRZ-QPSK channels are successfully simultaneously multicast to five and two new wavelengths, respectively. All the multicast channels are with a power penalty less than 2.5 dB at a bit error rate (BER) of 10 -3 . A characterization of the system performance using conversion efficiency and BER as figures-of-merit in terms of pump and signal powers is also presented. The results indicate that the pump and signal powers can be optimized to eliminate the introduced deleterious nonlinear components. The wavelengths of the two NRZ-QPSK channels and the two pumps need to be specified to avoid the crosstalk induced by high-order FWM.