gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute renal failure requiring dialysis after percutaneous coronary interventions (2001)

Abstract Acute renal failure requiring dialysis is a rare but serious complication after percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), associated with high in‐hospital mortality and poor long‐term survival. We have analyzed the incidence, resource utilization, short‐ and long‐term outcomes, and predictors of dialysis after percutaneous coronary interventions. We studied 51 consecutive patients who were not on dialysis on admission and developed acute renal failure that required in‐hospital dialysis after PCI in comparison to the 7,690 patients who did not require dialysis after PCI. Patients who required dialysis were older, with a higher incidence of hypertension, diabetes, prior bypass surgery, chronic renal failure, and a significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction. Despite similar angiographic success, these patients had a higher incidence of in‐hospital mortality (27.5% vs. 1.0%, P < 0.0001), non–Q‐wave myocardial infarction (45.7% vs. 14.6%, P < 0.0001), vascular and bleeding complications, and longer hospitalization. At 1‐year follow‐up, mortality (54.5% vs. 6.4%, P < 0.0001), myocardial infarction (4.5% vs. 1.6%, P = 0.006), and event‐free survival (38.6% vs. 72.0%, P < 0.0001) were significantly worse in patients who required dialysis compared to patients who did not. Multivariate analysis revealed in‐hospital dialysis and an increase in baseline serum creatinine levels as the most important predictors of in‐hospital and long‐term mortality. Thus, acute renal failure that requires dialysis after percutaneous coronary interventions is associated with very high in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality rates and a dramatic increase in hospital resource utilization. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2001;52:409–416. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rational Protein Design of <i>Paenibacillus barcinonensis</i> Esterase EstA for Kinetic Resolution of Tertiary Alcohols (2010)

Abstract Protein engineering is a very powerful tool to optimize enzymes for specific applications and thus provide important chiral building blocks such as tertiary alcohols. By use of structural comparisons, esterase from Paenibacillus barcinonensis (EstA) was engineered to convert tertiary alcohol esters with excellent enantioselectivity. Whereas the wild‐type enzyme converts 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐2‐phenylbut‐3‐yn‐2‐yl acetate with very low activity and enantioselectivity ( E =12, at 4 °C), several mutants show a significantly increased enantioselectivity, for example E >100 for mutant EstA–AGA, under the same reaction conditions. Furthermore, the range of tertiary alcohols obtained in enantiopure form was also broadened for EstA mutants.
Anterior pituitary proopiomelanocortin expression is decreased in hypertensive rat strains (1994)

Studies comparing neuroendocrine differences between the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and the normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) strains have suggested altered anterior pituitary corticotrope expression of POMC associated with the development of hypertension in SHR animals. One major difficulty in comparing the SHR and WKY strains is that the two strains exhibit genetic differences unrelated to blood pressure status, because inbred in the SHR genome is a profile of behavioral characteristics different from those in the WKY, including hyperactivity in a novel environment and hyperreactivity in responding to stress. The present studies examine two new inbred rat strains, the WKHT and WKHA, which independently express the hypertension and behavioral traits, respectively. Together with the SHR and WKY, these genetically related, homozygous strains permit a more definitive means of examining the neuroendocrine correlates of either hypertension or behavior. The adult (5-month-old) male anterior pituitary gland content of the POMC peptides beta-endorphin and ACTH was decreased approximately 50% in the SHR and WKHT strains compared to that in the WKY strain, whereas hormone levels in the WKHA strain were not significantly different from those in the WKY strain. Reduced POMC peptide levels were, therefore, specifically associated with the hypertensive trait. Hormone content in prehypertensive weanling (5- to 7-week-old) SHR and WKHT animals was also reduced approximately 35% compared to that in WKY animals. Northern blot analysis identified a 45% decrease in POMC mRNA expression in the hypertensive SHR and WKHT strains, which paralleled the changes in tissue hormone content. Using both immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization histochemistry, the number of labeled cells per unit area of tissues section was reduced approximately 45% in anterior pituitary tissues from SHR and WKHT rats compared to that in WKY tissues. The levels of POMC mRNA per cell, determined by quantitative densitometry, were not statistically different in the anterior pituitaries of WKHT, SHR, and WKY rats. The decrease in hormone content and POMC mRNA levels may, thus, reflect decreased anterior pituitary gland corticotrope populations. Although POMC peptide levels in the anterior pituitaries of adult WKHA animals were not significantly different from those in WKY animals, the morphological studies demonstrated a 30% increase in the corticotrope population in the WKHA strain. In contrast, POMC mRNA levels in WKHA animals were decreased 30%, and the amount of POMC mRNA per corticotrope was decreased approximately 35% compared to that in WKY, SHR, and WKHT tissues.
Estradiol and High‐Dose Dihydrotestosterone Treatment Causes Changes in Cynomolgus Monkey Prostate Volume and Histology Identical to Those Caused by Testosterone Alone (1999)

To evaluate the effects of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and estradiol (E2) on the regulation of prostate growth and tissue composition, the following study was conducted in a nonhuman primate model. Fifteen adult, long-term castrated cynomolgus monkeys were randomly assigned to receive implants filled with T (0.19 +/- 0.01 g), DHT alone (0.21 +/- 0.01 g), or (99%) DHT + (1%) E2 (0.21 +/- 0.01 g). Prior to and at 4-week intervals during the treatment phase of 252 days, prostate volumes (PV), body weight, ejaculate weight, hormone levels (of T, DHT, and E2), and red blood cell count were measured. Five adult, intact monkeys served as controls for prostate volume and histology. At the end of the study, histological analysis of an ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was performed. T levels increased significantly in the T group compared with baseline (P < 0.01) and with the DHT and DHT + E2 groups (P < 0.05). Both groups receiving DHT showed higher DHT levels than did animals in the T group (P < 0.001). E2 levels in all groups increased over time (P < 0.05), although significant differences (P < 0.01) could only be detected between the DHT + E2 and the DHT group. Prostate volume in all groups increased (at baseline: T = 1.03 +/- 0.12 ml, DHT = 1.08 +/- 0.15 ml, DHT + E2 = 1.13 +/- 0.09; at day 252: T = 5.83 +/- 1.00, DHT = 4.72 +/- 0.9, DHT + E2 = 5.05 +/- 0.62) over time (P < 0.001), whereas no differences could be detected between the groups. Prostate biopsy could be performed successfully in 15 out of 20 monkeys. Prostate tissue evaluation between the treatment groups and the evaluated intact monkeys revealed no differences in the status of secretory epithelia, nuclear chromatin, excretory vacuoles, interstitial stroma, smooth muscles, and total functional status, whereas the prostate of a long-term castrated monkey showed severe atrophy. Thus, both androgens fully restored prostate volume and ejaculatory function. Highly supraphysiological DHT serum levels are not associated with abnormal volumetric or histological changes of the prostate. Comparing the DHT group with the DHT + E2 group, an additional stimulatory effect of normal or slightly elevated estrogens on the prostate cannot be found in the presence of highly supraphysiological DHT levels.
Robust distributed network localization with noisy range measurements (2004)

This paper describes a distributed, linear-time algorithm for localizing sensor network nodes in the presence of range measurement noise and demonstrates the algorithm on a physical network. We introduce the probabilistic notion of robust quadrilaterals as a way to avoid flip ambiguities that otherwise corrupt localization computations. We formulate the localization problem as a two-dimensional graph realization problem: given a planar graph with approximately known edge lengths, recover the Euclidean position of each vertex up to a global rotation and translation. This formulation is applicable to the localization of sensor networks in which each node can estimate the distance to each of its neighbors, but no absolute position reference such as GPS or fixed anchor nodes is available.
Design and Synthesis of Serine and Aspartic Protease Inhibitors (2006)

This thesis describes the design and synthesis of compounds that are intended to inhibit serine and aspartic proteases. The first part of the text deals with preparation of inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 serine protease. Hepatitis C is predominantly a chronic disease that afflicts about 170 million people worldwide. The NS3 protease, encoded by HCV, is essential for replication of the virus and has become one of the main targets when developing drugs to fight HCV. The inhibitors discussed here constitute surrogates for the widely used N-acyl-hydroxyproline isostere designated 4-hydroxy-cyclopentene. The stereochemistry of the 4-hydroxy-cyclopentene scaffold was determined by nuclear overhauser effect spectroscopy (NOESY) and the regiochemistry by heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC). The scaffold was decorated with different substituents to obtain both linear and macrocyclic HCV NS3 protease inhibitors that display low nanomolar activity. The second part of the thesis describes the design and synthesis of potential aspartic protease inhibitors. The hydroxyethylene motif was used as a noncleavable transition state isostere. The synthetic route yielded a pivotal intermediate with excellent stereochemical control, which was corroborated by NOESY experiments. This intermediate can be diversified with different substituents to furnish novel aspartic protease inhibitors.
Relating Travel Time Reliability and Nonrecurrent Congestion with Multistate Models (2012)

The measurement of travel time reliability is of increasing importance as agencies seek to understand better the performance of their facilities and communicate trip expectations to the traveling public. Recent research suggests that modeling historical travel times with multistate distributions can add value to the process of monitoring reliability by linking travel times with the underlying traffic state. Although that research demonstrated the feasibility of breaking down travel time distributions into different operational states, the researchers did not evaluate the causal factors of the states. Models that link the travel time states of agencies' facilities with the factors that cause the time states, such as incidents or special events, allow agencies to predict travel times more accurately when these events occur in real time and enable agencies to develop targeted projects for the improvement of reliability over the long term. This paper extends existing reliability modeling in three ways. First, where past research has used bimodal distributions to model the two primary operating regimes (free flow and congested), this paper presents a methodology for determining the optimal number of states for modeling data to ensure that the distinct effects of nonrecurrent congestion events are captured. Second, the paper presents a process that is easily implemented for determining when and how the different sources of nonrecurrent congestion influence the travel time state and its variability. Last, with the development of multistate models for aggregate travel times, the paper proves that a methodology originally developed to model individual vehicle trips can be applied to a broader array of data sets.
Genetic diversity of the cytoplasm in Triticum and Aegilops. IX. The effect of alien cytoplasms on seed germination of common wheat. (1983)

To reveal the effects of 20 cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops species on seed germination of common wheat, a total of 240 alloplasmic lines were investigated, using the data accumulated in the Laboratory of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, since 1966. The results show reduced seed germination in some alloplasmic lines; this reduction can be attributed to the interaction between the T. timopheevi type cytoplasms (G type) and the nuclei of four common wheats, T. aestivum var, erythrospermum, strain P168, strain Salmon and cv. S-615. All of the alloplasmic lines showing reduced germination frequently showed pre-harvest sprouting.
What’s this got to do with engineering? – getting engineering students to think about personal and career development (2004)

Engineering students, particularly those who study part-time, often have no clear picture of where they are headed and why. For many, it’s just the qualification which is their goal: they are reluctant to delve further into their motives and develop broader career aspirations. The benefits of Personal Development Planning are clear, but establishing credible structures requires imagination and commitment. In 1997 the National Inquiry into Higher Education, chaired by Lord Dearing, recommended the introduction of Progress files. This has evolved into a requirement for Personal Development Planning to be operational across the whole of higher education by 2005/6 generating substantial activity across the HE sector. This paper shows how Personal Development Planning has been incorporated into the engineering qualifications of the UK’s Open University. More importantly, it relates some of the challenges and experiences that the courses have provoked, particularly in getting engineering students to ‘navel gaze’
Response inhibition and cognitive appraisal in clients with acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. (2013)

The findings suggest that response inhibition and cognitive appraisal are two variables that influence the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder symptoms. Also, these results have important implications for pathology, prevention, and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder.
Comparative Analysis of Normal versus CLL B-Lymphocytes Reveals Patient-Specific Variability in Signaling Mechanisms Controlling LFA-1 Activation by Chemokines (2009)

Activation of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) by chemokines is fine-tuned by inside-out signaling mechanisms responsible for integrin-mediated adhesion modulation. In the present study, we investigated the possibility of qualitative variability of signaling mechanisms controlling LFA-1 activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. We pursued a multiplexed comparative analysis of the role of the recently described chemokine-triggered rho-signaling module in human normal versus CLL B-lymphocytes. We found that the rho-module of LFA-1 affinity triggering is functionally conserved in normal B-lymphocytes. In contrast, in malignant B-lymphocytes isolated from patients with B-CLL, the role of the rho-module was not maintained, showing remarkable differences and variability. Specifically, RhoA and phospholipase D1 were crucially involved in LFA-1 affinity triggering by CXCL12 in all analyzed patients. In contrast, Rac1 and CDC42 involvement displayed a consistent patient-by-patient variability, with a group of patients showing LFA-1 affinity modulation totally independent of Rac1 and CDC42 signaling activity. Finally, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase isoform 1gamma (PIP5KC) was found without any regulatory role in all patients. The data imply that the neoplastic progression may completely bypass the regulatory role of Rac1, CDC42, and PIP5KC, and show a profound divergence in the signaling mechanisms controlling integrin activation in normal versus neoplastic lymphocytes, suggesting that patients with CLL can be more accurately evaluated on the basis of the analysis of signaling mechanisms controlling integrin activation. Our findings could potentially affect the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of CLL disorders.
Long-term Rifaximin Treatment for Newly Diagnosed Crohnʼs Disease (2009)

ducted to assess the relative efficacy of Cyclosporin and Infliximab in this clinical setting.All study participants satisfied the Truelove and Witts criteria for acute severe colitis (6 bloody stools/day with one or more of the following: temperature 37.8C; pulse rate 90/min; haemoglobin 10.5g/dl; or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) 30mm/hr) and were prevalent or incident cases of ulcerative colitis as confirmed by histological analysis.Primary endpoints measured were: outcome at discharge and outcome at 12 months after discharge; specifically whether these cases proceeded to total colectomy or were amenable to continuing medical management.RESULTS: The 72 steroid refractory acute colitis events were generated by 68 UC patients from north Brisbane, Queensland.Salvage therapy was instituted with either Cyclosporin in 44(61%) cases or Infliximab in the remaining 28(39%) patients.Of those patients who received Cyclosporin 52% (23/44) proceeded to total colectomy before discharge while this figure was only 18% (5/28) for those administered Infliximab as a salvage therapy.This finding was found to be statistically significant (p 0.003).Twelve month follow-up data are currently available for 69/72 cases.At this timepoint 68% (30/44) and 44% (11/25) of cases treated with Cyclosporin and Infliximab, respectively, had required surgery for recurrent severe disease (p 0.049).CONCLUSIONS: This study is of significance because it presents longitudinal outcomes data from a large, prospectively studied series of patients with refractory acute severe UC, selected on the basis of validated severity criteria.While it is clear that Infliximab salvage therapy is more efficacious than Cyclosporin in the short term in avoiding surgical intervention, the significance and duration of this benefit remain to be conclusively evaluated.We recognise that a randomised controlled trial is in progress in the United Kingdom that has been designed to answer this question and we await its findings.
Tubular adenoma of breast. (1983)

A recent classification of adenomas of the breast included tubular adenoma. This uncommon lesion can be distinguished from fibroadenoma by the predominance of epithelium and relative lack of stroma. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of a tubular adenoma studied by aspiration cytology as well as light and electron microscopy. A 4-cm, slightly tender mass was found in the upper outer quadrant of the breast of a 26-year-old woman. Aspiration cytology showed abundant epithelial fragments, similar to those seen in fibroadenoma, but without the spindle cell component often seen in aspirates of that lesion. Light microscopic study of the excised mass showed a well-demarcated tumor of tubular glands and scanty stroma. By electron microscopy, the epithelial stromal junction was intact. This contrasts with the findings in fibroadenoma, and confirms that this difference can distinguish these lesions.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,3,4,4A,5‐HEXAHYDROPYRIDO(1′,2′:4,5)(1,4)OXAZINO(2,3‐B)QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Zß‐Dichlorchinoxaline (I) kondensieren mit Z‐Hydroxymethyl‐piperidin (II) zu den Tetracyclen (III).
A VTK-based, CUDA-optimized Non-Parametric Vessel Detection Method (2010)

We present a VTK-based implementation of our non-parametric vessel detection method that identifies vascular structures using a polar neighborhood profile. To accelerate the computationally intensive parts of the algorithm, we leverage the hardware capabilities in commodity graphics hardware using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA). We present the results of our performance analysis and provide source code and examples to validate the reproducibility of our results.
Contact scanning Lamb wave tomography (1998)

Lamb waves are guided ultrasonic waves capable of propagating relatively long distances in platelike structures such as airframe skins, storage tanks, and pressure vessels. Their propagation depends on frequency thickness and material properties, and, because structural flaws present changes in effective thickness and/or material properties, Lamb waves can be employed to assess the integrity of these structures. For structures with large surface areas, a full integrity evaluation can be a time-consuming operation, but with Lamb wave techniques, this evaluation can be performed with waves propagating along one dimension of the inspection area as the probing transducers are moved in the perpendicular dimension. Such an approach yields information about the presence of flaws within the scanned area. Then, in order to quantitatively characterize the flaws, Lamb wave measurements can be made for a number of projections and an image of the flawed region can be reconstructed tomographically. Contact scanning Lamb wave tomography for metallic and composite structures with flaws is discussed as a practical technique for quantitative nondestructive evaluation.
The Microstructure of Styrene of Polyisoprene Produced by Ziegler Catalyst. (1961)

TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3系チグラ-触媒によるイソプレンの重合反応において,生成ポリマーのミクロ構造を赤外線吸収スぺクトルにより検討した。実験範囲ではトリエチルアルミニウムと四塩化チタンのモル比を除き,重合条件および触媒調製条件はミクロ構造に影響を与えない。アルミニウムとチタンのモル比が1.0か, またはそれ以上の場合, えられたポリマーのミクロ構造はcis-1,4付加97%,trans-1,4付加0%,1,2付加0%および3,4付加3%よりできており,ヘビヤゴム(cis-1,4付加9 8%および3,4付加2%) とよく似ている。しかし, 比が1.0 未満のときは, 比が小さくなるにしたがいtrans-1,4と1,2付加構造が増加する。
Allelic loss of chromosome 17p, mutation of the p53 gene, and microsatellite instability in right- and left-sided colorectal cancer (1996)

Our results suggest that the molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogens may differ between right- and left-sided tumors.
The interplay between light and jasmonate signalling during defence and development (2011)

During their evolution, plants have acquired diverse capabilities to sense their environment and modify their growth and development as required. The versatile utilization of solar radiation for photosynthesis as well as a signal to coordinate developmental responses to the environment is an excellent example of such a capability. Specific light quality inputs are converted to developmental outputs mainly through hormonal signalling pathways. Accordingly, extensive interactions between light and the signalling pathways of every known plant hormone have been uncovered in recent years. One such interaction that has received recent attention and forms the focus of this review occurs between light and the signalling pathway of the jasmonate hormone with roles in regulating plant defence and development. Here the recent research that revealed new mechanistic insights into how plants might integrate light and jasmonate signals to modify their growth and development, especially when defending themselves from either pests, pathogens, or encroaching neighbours, is discussed.