gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rank Minimization Code Aperture Design for Spectrally Selective Compressive Imaging (2012)

A new code aperture design framework for multiframe code aperture snapshot spectral imaging (CASSI) system is presented. It aims at the optimization of code aperture sets such that a group of compressive spectral measurements is constructed, each with information from a specific subset of bands. A matrix representation of CASSI is introduced that permits the optimization of spectrally selective code aperture sets. Furthermore, each code aperture set forms a matrix such that rank minimization is used to reduce the number of CASSI shots needed. Conditions for the code apertures are identified such that a restricted isometry property in the CASSI compressive measurements is satisfied with higher probability. Simulations show higher quality of spectral image reconstruction than that attained by systems using Hadamard or random code aperture sets.
Muscle disease in the chow (1977)

<p>We introduce a general formalism combining the coupled oscillator model with the transfer matrix method to analyze and engineer the phase of the light reflected from a Fano-resonant metasurface. This method accounts for periodicity and the presence of substrates, and we demonstrate that these factors can be used to tune the reflected phase at will. Utilizing these effects and adjusting the coupling strength of the underlying unit cell, we achieve zero reflection at the dark resonance of the metasurface. We show that the resulting phase singularity can dramatically increase the sensitivity of phase-based detection schemes. The phase bifurcation unveiled in this work can be used to design plasmonic metasurfaces that explore the unusual phase behavior of light.</p>
Milk intake and bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls: randomised, controlled intervention trial (1997)

Increased milk consumption significantly enhances bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls and could favourably modify attainment of peak bone mass.
The Helix-Loop-Helix Inhibitor of Differentiation (ID) Proteins Induce Post-Mitotic Terminally Differentiated Sertoli Cells to Re-Enter the Cell Cycle and Proliferate (2005)

Prior to puberty the Sertoli cells undergo active cell proliferation, and at the onset of puberty they become a terminally differentiated postmitotic cell population that support spermatogenesis. The molecular mechanisms involved in the postmitotic block of pubertal and adult Sertoli cells are unknown. The four known helix-loop-helix ID proteins (i.e., Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4) are considered dominant negative regulators of cellular differentiation pathways and act as positive regulators of cellular proliferation. ID proteins are expressed at low levels by postpubertal Sertoli cells and are transiently induced by serum. The hypothesis tested was that ID proteins can induce a terminally differentiated postmitotic Sertoli cell to reenter the cell cycle if they are constitutively expressed. To test this hypothesis, ID1 and ID2 were stably integrated and individually overexpressed in postmitotic rat Sertoli cells. Overexpression of ID1 or ID2 allowed postmitotic Sertoli cells to reenter the cell cycle and undergo mitosis. The cells continued to proliferate even after 300 cell doublings. The functional markers of Sertoli cell differentiation such as transferrin, inhibin alpha, Sert1, and androgen binding protein (ABP) continued to be expressed by the proliferating Sertoli cells, but at lower levels. FSH receptor expression was lost in the proliferating Sertoli cell-Id lines. Some Sertoli cell genes, such as cyclic protein 2 (cathepsin L) and Sry-related HMG box protein-11 (Sox11) increase in expression. At no stage of proliferation did the cells exhibit senescence. The expression profile as determined with a microarray protocol of the Sertoli cell-Id lines suggested an overall increase in cell cycle genes and a decrease in growth inhibitory genes. These results demonstrate that overexpression of ID1 and ID2 genes in a postmitotic, terminally differentiated cell type have the capacity to induce reentry into the cell cycle. The observations are discussed in regards to potential future applications in model systems of terminally differentiated cell types such as neurons or myocytes.
Enkephalin inhibits release of substance P from sensory neurons in culture and decreases action potential duration. (1979)

Sensory neurons grown in dispersed cell culture in the absence of non-neuronal cell types contain immunoreactive substance P that is chemically similar to synthetic substance P. When depolarized in high-K+ media (30-120 mM), the neurons release this peptide by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism. An enkephalin analogue, [D-Ala2]enkephalin amide, at 10 micron inhibits the K+-evoked release of substance P. At the same or lower concentrations, [D-Ala2]enkephalin amide and enkephalin decrease the duration of the Ca2+ action potential evoked and recorded in dorsal root ganglion cell bodies without affecting the resting membrane potential or resting membrane conductance. This modulation of voltage-sensitive channels may account for the inhibition of substance P release.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF TERTBUTYLLITHIUM AS A REDUCING AGENT (1976)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des nichtenolisierbaren Dions (I) mit einem Äquivalent tert.‐Butyllithium ergibt den Ketoalkohol (II), während mit Phenyllithium oder Grignard‐Verbindungen (III) die Ketoalkohole (IV) entstehen und die Verbindung (II) nur als Nebenprodukt erhalten wird.
Corneal Sensitivity in Diabetic Patients Subjected to Retinal Laser Photocoagulation (2011)

Corneal sensitivity to mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimulation is decreased in DM patients, suggesting that diabetes affects homogeneously the different types of sensory neurons innervating the cornea. Corneal sensitivity appears to be more disturbed in DM2 than in DM1. Laser treatment of DM patients generates a further impairment in corneal sensitivity, probably as the result of physical damage to ciliary nerves.
Stress Dichroism and Paraelasticity of OH‐Molecules in KCl (1965)

Abstract Paraelastic alignment following a Curie law is observed for OH − molecules in KCl and measured quantitatively by stress‐induced dichroism. The dependence on stress direction confirms a model of [100] oriented dipoles. Using results from lattice parameter measurements the components of the tetragonal elastic dipole can be evaluated.
Überblick über die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Festelektrolyten (1978)

Abstract Applications of solid state electrolytes – a survey . Ionic conduction in solids has numerous potential applications in the fields of instrumentation, energy storage, energy conversion, and production of chemicals. The present state of development of the various processes and devices ranges from industrial maturity via application tests and R & D work to projects in the concept stage. The state of the art is briefly reviewed.
Comments on Richard Day's "Farm output decisions and adaptive economic behavior: recent theoretical considerations" (1981)

agriculture, decision-making, economic aspects
Clinical application of an ultrasonic duplex system in the quantitative measurement of portal blood flow (1986)

The ultrasonic duplex system, which is composed of a pulsed Doppler flowmeter and a linear array B-mode scanner, was developed for the purpose of quantitative transcutaneous measurement of blood flow. It was applied here to the study of portal blood flow in a normal series with healthy volunteers as subjects. A preliminary experiment, prepared by setting up a simulation model for blood circulation, demonstrated an excellent correlation between values obtained with the electromagnetic flowmeter (EMF) and the combined ultrasonic B-mode and Doppler system (duplex system). This was confirmed in vivo in a study of blood flow in the canine vena cava. The portal blood flow in 88 healthy adult volunteers ranging in age from 18 to 55 years (average 34.3) was studied using this equipment. Blood flow in fasting subjects who were resting was 889 +/- 284 ml/min (mean +/- SD) or 16.3 +/- 5.0 ml/min/kg body weight (mean +/- SD).
A New Similarity Measure for Non-Local Means Filtering of MRI Images (2011)

The acquisition of MRI images offers a trade-off in terms of acquisition time, spatial/temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Thus, for instance, increasing the time efficiency of MRI often comes at the expense of reduced SNR. This, in turn, necessitates the use of post-processing tools for noise rejection, which makes image de-noising an indispensable component of computer assistance diagnosis. In the field of MRI, a multitude of image de-noising methods have been proposed hitherto. In this paper, the application of a particular class of de-noising algorithms - known as non-local mean (NLM) filters - is investigated. Such filters have been recently applied for MRI data enhancement and they have been shown to provide more accurate results as compared to many alternative de-noising algorithms. Unfortunately, virtually all existing methods for NLM filtering have been derived under the assumption of additive white Gaussian (AWG) noise contamination. Since this assumption is known to fail at low values of SNR, an alternative formulation of NLM filtering is required, which would take into consideration the correct Rician statistics of MRI noise. Accordingly, the contribution of the present paper is two-fold. First, it points out some principal disadvantages of the earlier methods of NLM filtering of MRI images and suggests means to rectify them. Second, the paper introduces a new similarity measure for NLM filtering of MRI Images, which is derived under bona fide statistical assumptions and results in more accurate reconstruction of MR scans as compared to alternative NLM approaches. Finally, the utility and viability of the proposed method is demonstrated through a series of numerical experiments using both in silico and in vivo MRI data.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of AL‐4414A, a Topically Active Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Investigation of structural changes in the phase transformations of γ-Bi<sub>2</sub>MoO<sub>6</sub> (2002)

In this work, extensive thermo-Raman investigations have been carried out on a γ(L)-Bi2MoO6 sample (`(L)' indicating the low-temperature polymorph) in an effort to gain an understanding of the structural evolution and phase transformation involved during a dynamical thermal process. The room temperature Raman spectrum of the γ(L)-Bi2MoO6 phase indicated the presence of corner-sharing distorted MoO6 octahedra. The spectral variations, shift in the band positions, decrease in intensities and broadening of the Mo-O modes observed in the thermo-Raman spectra and the thermal evolution of the Mo-O bonds in the temperature interval from 25 to 610 °C strongly suggest that the transformation from the γ(L)-Bi2MoO6 to the γ(I)-Bi2MoO6 phase (`(I)' indicating the intermediate-temperature polymorph) involves a gradual anisotropic thermal response of Mo-O bonds initially, upon heating, and further appreciable increase in the octahedral distortion from 310 °C onwards - until the structure is on the verge of becoming composed of distorted tetrahedra. The spectral variation in the thermo-Raman spectra observed for the transformations to γ(H)-Bi2MoO6 (`(H)' indicating the high-temperature polymorph) starting at around 620 °C and ending at 660 °C revealed the sluggish nature of the transformations and also clearly indicated the transformation from highly distorted MoO6 octahedra to distorted tetrahedra. The comparison of the profile of the Raman spectrum of the γ(H)-Bi2MoO6 phase measured at 720 °C and that measured after cooling down to 25 °C clearly rules out the possibility of the formation of a β-Bi2Mo2O9} phase structure consisting of Mo6+ in tetrahedral coordination at high temperature.
Distinct Mechanisms for Repression of RNA Polymerase III Transcription by the Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Protein (2004)

The retinoblastoma (RB) protein represses global RNA polymerase III transcription of genes that encode nontranslated RNAs, potentially to control cell growth. However, RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes exhibit diverse promoter structures and factor requirements for transcription, and a universal mechanism explaining global repression is uncertain. We show that RB represses different classes of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes via distinct mechanisms. Repression of human U6 snRNA (class 3) gene transcription occurs through stable promoter occupancy by RB, whereas repression of adenovirus VAI (class 2) gene transcription occurs in the absence of detectable RB-promoter association. Endogenous RB binds to a human U6 snRNA gene in both normal and cancer cells that maintain functional RB but not in HeLa cells whose RB function is disrupted by the papillomavirus E7 protein. Both U6 promoter association and transcriptional repression require the A/B pocket domain and C region of RB. These regions of RB contribute to U6 promoter targeting through numerous interactions with components of the U6 general transcription machinery, including SNAP(C) and TFIIIB. Importantly, RB also concurrently occupies a U6 promoter with RNA polymerase III during repression. These observations suggest a novel mechanism for RB function wherein RB can repress U6 transcription at critical steps subsequent to RNA polymerase III recruitment.
Ability of Visual Tests to Predict Underlying Cervical Neoplasia (1996)

Lonky, Neal M.; Mann, William J.; Massad, Stewart L.; Mutch, David G.; Blanco, Jody S.; Vasilev, Steven A.; Finan, Michael A.; Scotti, Richard J. Author Information
Developmental regulation of mRNA species for types II, IX and XI collagens during mouse embryogenesis (1997)

Several techniques were used to study the co-ordination of mRNA levels for five constituent chains of cartilage collagen fibrils during mouse development. Short cDNA clones were first constructed for mouse and human alpha3(IX) and for mouse proalpha1(XI) collagen mRNA species. Northern analysis of developing mouse embryos revealed that the mRNA species for alpha1, alpha2 and alpha3 chains of type IX collagen peaked earlier than those for proalpha1(II) and proalpha1(XI) collagen chains. Quantification of these mRNA species by slot-blot hybridization confirmed this developmental regulation: the mRNA ratios for type II/type IX/type XI collagens changed from 5.7:1:0.6 (at embryonic day 12.5) to 10.6:1:0.9 (in newborn mice). However, the genes coding for the three chains of type IX collagen seemed to be under more co-ordinated regulation during mouse development. In addition to high mRNA levels in cartilages and the eye, low levels of type IX collagen transcripts were identified in brain and skin of newborn mouse using RNase protection and reverse transcriptase-PCR assays. Finally, hybridization in situ revealed identical tissue distributions of the three type IX collagen mRNA species during early chondrogenesis but somewhat more widespread expression of the alpha1(IX) and alpha3(IX) mRNA species during endochondral ossification at day 16.5 of embryonic development. These results suggest a relatively tight co-ordination of the alpha1(IX), alpha2(IX), and alpha3(IX) collagen mRNA species in chondrocytes, but a lack of co-ordination in several non-cartilaginous tissues.
Radiation Hardness of 256-Bit GaAs C-JFET Ram (1985)

A low-power complementary RAM using GaAs enhancement N- and P-channel junction field effect transistors has been developed at MDMC. The power dissipation per memory cell is 1 μW. The RAM's logic upset level for pulsed ionizing radiation is in the range of 1010 to 3 × 1011 rad(GaAs)/s. A total gamma dose of 1.5 × 108 rad(GaAs) does not affect the RAM operation. Previous tests were performed with RAMs using four N-channel JFETs and resistive loads in the memory cell.
Sexual Aggressiveness of Male Screw-Worm Flies Measured by Effect on Female Mortality (1965)

Journal Article Sexual Aggressiveness of Male Screw-Worm Flies Measured by Effect on Female Mortality Get access A. H. Baumhover A. H. Baumhover 1 Entomology Research Division, Agr. Res. Serv., USD A, Mission, Texas 1Present address Oxford, N. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 58, Issue 3, 1 June 1965, Pages 544–548, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/58.3.544 Published: 01 June 1965 Article history Accepted: 16 February 1965 Published: 01 June 1965
Donor-Stabilized Silyl Cations 4:  <i>N</i>-Isopropylidene Hydrazides, Novel Bidentate Ligands for Penta- and Hexacoordinate Silicon Chelates<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Novel chelating agents derived from N-isopropylidene hydrazides, N-isopropylideneimino-O-(trimethylsilyl)acylimidates (1), have been utilized to prepare hexacoordinate dihalosilicon complexes (2) unique in their trans geometry and in their facile ionization to pentacoordinate siliconium halide salts (3).
Phosphorescence and Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance of 4‘,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Its Complexes with [d(CGACGTCG)]<sub>2</sub> and [d(GGCCAATTGG)]<sub>2</sub> (2002)

Phosphorescence and optical detection of magnetic resonance (ODMR) is used to study the excited triplet state of 4',6-diamidino-2-phenyl indole (DAPI) and its complexes with the oligonucleotides [d(CGACGTCG)](2) and [d(GGCCAATTGG)](2), where binding occurs by intercalation between GC base pairs and by minor groove insertion, respectively. Weaker binding of DAPI to phosphate is also detected, and the triplet state of this complex is characterized. Intercalation with [d(CGACGTCG)](2) produces a phosphorescence redshift, while groove binding with [d(GGCCAATTGG)](2) leads to a blueshift. Both binding modes give rise to a small decrease in the zero-field splitting (zfs) of the DAPI triplet state. The largest redshift and zfs decrease are found for the phosphate complex. The phosphorescence lifetimes are shorter by an order of magnitude than that of indole or tryptophan as expected for the lower triplet state energy, E(00), of DAPI. The lifetimes agree well with a correlation with E(00) introduced by Siebrand [Siebrand, W. (1966) J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4055-4057] except for the [d(GGCCAATTGG)](2) minor groove complex with a lifetime that is about 20% too long. The longer lifetime is attributed to distortion of the amidino groups in this complex, resulting in less efficient intersystem crossing.
Products in the Solvolyses of DL-<i>trans</i>- and DL-<i>cis</i>-2-Iodo-N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamines in Various Solvents (1961)

DL-trans- and DL-cis-2-Iodo-N, N-dimethylaminocyclohexylamines (I and II) were solvolyzed in water, ethanol, cyclohexanol, dimethylaniline, nitrobenzene, xylene, and liquid paraffin. Solvolysis of the trans isomer (I) was affected by the solvent used, giving one or two of cyclohexanone, cyclopentanecarboxaldehyde, and 2-dimethyl-aminocyclohexanol derivatives in different ratio. On the other hand solvolyses of the cis isomer (II) gave only cyclohexanone in all of solvents used. Solvent effects on the reactions were deduced only from analyses of products.
Less is More: Compact Matrix Decomposition for Large Sparse Graphs (2007)

Given a large sparse graph, how can we find patterns and anomalies? Several important applications can be modeled as large sparse graphs, e.g., network traffic monitoring, research citation network analysis, social network analysis, and regulatory networks in genes. Low rank decompositions, such as SVD and CUR, are powerful techniques for revealing latent/hidden variables and associated patterns from high dimensional data. However, those methods often ignore the sparsity property of the graph, and hence usually incur too high memory and computational cost to be practical. We propose a novel method, the Compact Matrix Decomposition (CMD), to compute sparse low rank approximations. CMD dramatically reduces both the computation cost and the space requirements over existing decomposition methods (SVD, CUR). Using CMD as the key building block, we further propose procedures to efficiently construct and analyze dynamic graphs from real-time application data. We provide theoretical guarantee for our methods, and present results on two real, large datasets, one on network flow data (100GB trace of 22K hosts over one month) and one on DBLP (200MB over 25 years). We show that CMD is often an order of magnitude more efficient than the state of the art (SVD and CUR): it is over 10X faster, but requires less than 1/10 of the space, for the same reconstruction accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate how CMD is used for detecting anomalies and monitoring time-evolving graphs, in which it successfully detects worm-like hierarchical scanning patterns in real network data.
Electrical resistivity monitoring of the thermomechanical heater test in yucca mountain (1998)

Of the several thermal, mechanical nd hydrological measurements being used to monitor the rock mass response, electrical resistance tomography (ERT) is being used to monitor the movement of liquid water with a special interest in the the movement of condensate out of the system. Four boreholes, containing a total of 30 ERT electrodes, were drilled to form the sides of a 30 foot square with the heater at the center and perpendicular to the plane of the electrodes. Images of resistivity change were calculated using data collected before and during the heating episode. The changes recovered show a region of decreasing resistivity approximately centered around the heater. the size this region grows with time and the resistivity decreases become stronger. The changes in resistivity are caused by both temperature and saturation changes. The Waxman Smits model has been sued to calculate rock saturation after accounting for temperature effects. The saturation estimates suggest that a region of drying develops around the heater and grows over time. The estimates also show regions increase in saturation over time, primarily below and to the sides of the heater. The accuracy of the saturation estimates depends on several factors that are only partly understood at the time of writing.
Getting to the Heart of Influenza (2013)

Diverse stakeholders convened at the U.S. National Institutes of Health to devise a plan for development of universal influenza virus vaccines.