gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) stimulates superoxide production by eNOS following exposure of vascular endothelial cells to endotoxin (2006)

Microcirculation is hypersensitized to ET-1 following endotoxin (LPS) treatment leading to an increased vasopressor response. This is in part related to decreased activation of eNOS by ET-1. eNOS can be uncoupled from nitric Oxide (NO) production to produce superoxide (O2−). We have previously reported that LPS treatment of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) significantly impairs ET-1-induced NO production by eNOS. This is associated with an increase in O2−production. Thus increased O2− in the absence of adequate NO production may contribute to vascular dysregulation following inflammatory stress. In this study we tested whether decreased availability of the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) following LPS treatment might explain eNOS uncoupling and production of O2− in endothelial cells. HUVEC were subjected to 6h treatment with LPS (250ng/ml) or LPS and a BH4 precursor, sepiapterin (100μM) followed by 30 min ET-1 treatment (10nM). Sepiapterin significantly decreased O2− production in both unstimulated and ET-1-stimulated LPS groups, but did not restore NO production. ET-1 treatment following LPS stress significantly monomerized the eNOS homodimer which was reversed by sepiapterin loading. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that pretreatment of vascular endothelial cells with LPS not only abrogates activation of NO production by eNOS following ET-1 stimulation, but also turns the eNOS enzyme into a superoxide generator due to a functional deficiency in the cofactor BH4. ET-1-induced eNOS activation switches from NO to O2− production. This source of O2− may be important for altered regulation of endothelial cell function. Supported by DK38201
Solution structure of a neurotrophic ligand bound to FKBP12 and its effects on protein dynamics (2000)

The structure of a recently reported neurotrophic ligand, 3-(3-pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1, 2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, in complex with FKBP12 was determined using heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. The inhibitor exhibits a binding mode analogous to that observed for the macrocycle FK506, used widely as an immunosuppressant, with the prolyl ring replacing the pipecolyl moiety and the amide bond in a trans conformation. However, fewer favourable protein-ligand interactions are detected in the structure of the complex, suggesting weaker binding compared with the immunosuppressant drug. Indeed, a micromolar dissociation constant was estimated from the NMR ligand titration profile, in contrast to the previously published nanomolar inhibition activity. Although the inhibitor possesses a remarkable structural simplicity with respect to FK506, 15N relaxation studies show that it induces similar effects on the protein dynamics, stabilizing the conformation of solvent-exposed residues which are important for mediating the interaction of immunophilin/ligand complexes with molecular targets and potentially for the transmission of the neurotrophic action of FKBP12 inhibitors.
The Growing Complexity of FPGA CAD Tools (2006)

Summary form only given. FPGA tools have become very complex software systems. Today's FPGA tool sets include state of the art synthesis, place and route, timing analysis and power analysis tools. They also include complex graphical interfaces like floor plan and RTL viewers and system level integration tools like SOPC builder. In this article, the author gives a brief description of the history of Altera software tools. The author describes some of the key tools in the portfolio. The author also describes the development of new TimeQuest timing analyzer as a case study
Anisotropiespektren von Aminosäuren (2012)

Anisotropien sind von Bedeutung, um Enantiomerenüberschüsse vorherzusagen, die durch circular polarisiertes Licht in Racemate induziert werden können. Erstmals wurden Anisotropiespektren g=f(λ) von proteinogenen Aminosäuren aufgenommen (im Bild D-Ala (rot) und L-Ala (blau)), die entscheidende Einblicke in den Licht-Materie-Chiralitätstransfer gewähren. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF 1,2,3,4,6‐SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINIUM SALTS WITH FERRICYANIDE (1984)

Abstract Die aus den Pyryliumsalzen (I) erhaltenen Pyridiniumsalze (IIIa)‐(IIId) werden zu den Pyrrolen (IV)‐(VIII) oxidiert.
Purification of an antifungal PR-5 protein from flower buds of Brassica campestris and cloning of its gene (1997)

An antifungal pathogenesis-related (PR) group 5 protein with a molecular mass of 27 kDa (BFTP) was purified from flower buds of Brassica campestris. BFTP exhibits antifungal activity against Neurospora crassa, causing rapid release of cytoplasmic material at the hyphal tips of the fungus. BFTP immune-cross-reacts with antiserum raised against the tobacco osmotin-like PR-5 protein. Using a PCR product generated with the help of two degenerate PCR primers for (1) the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein and (2) the conserved peptide domain that appears in all PR-5 proteins, we were able to isolate from a flower-bud cDNA library a cDNA (933 bp) that encodes this protein (pBFTP). The deduced amino acid sequence shows high similarity to PWIR2 from wheat (43%) and thaumatin II from Thaumatococcus daniellii Benth (40%). It contains the 16 cysteine residues that are conserved in all PR-5 proteins at their invariant positions. The cDNA predicts the synthesis of a preprotein which is subsequently processed into the mature protein by removal of an N-terminal signal peptide. The mRNA is predominantly expressed in flower buds, with a moderate level of transcripts detected in stems. Very low levels of the mRNA are present in root and leaf tissue. The gene is a member of a small multigene family in the genome of B. campestris.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENTS ON HALOGEN ATOMS PART 5, REACTIONS OF ALPHA‐HALO SULFONES WITH STERICALLY HINDERED NUCLEOPHILES (1975)

Abstract Aus den 3‐Cyanobenzyl‐halogen‐sulfonen (I) erhält man mit den Phosphinen (II) in DMF in Gegenwart von Wasser das Reduktionsprodukt (III) neben den Phosphinoxiden (IV) und Halogenwasserstoff.
Effect of Calving Season and Wintering System on Cow Performance (2010)

Four years of data from three different calving seasons and two different cow wintering systems were evaluated utilizing 218 cows/year. Cows calved in spring, summer, or fall and were wintered on native Sandhills range or cornstalks. Calving season affected cow body weight (BW) and body condition score (BCS) throughout the production year; calving in the fall reduced number of calves weaned per cow. No differences were observed between cows wintered on Sandhills range and those wintered on cornstalks.
Adrenergic Agonists Bind to Adrenergic-Receptor-Like Regions of the Mu Opioid Receptor, Enhancing Morphine and Methionine-Enkephalin Binding: A New Approach to “Biased Opioids”? (2018)

Extensive evidence demonstrates functional interactions between the adrenergic and opioid systems in a diversity of tissues and organs. While some effects are due to receptor and second messenger cross-talk, recent research has revealed an extracellular, allosteric opioid binding site on adrenergic receptors that enhances adrenergic activity and its duration. The present research addresses whether opioid receptors may have an equivalent extracellular, allosteric adrenergic binding site that has similar enhancing effects on opioid binding. Comparison of adrenergic and opioid receptor sequences revealed that these receptors share very significant regions of similarity, particularly in some of the extracellular and transmembrane regions associated with adrenergic binding in the adrenergic receptors. Five of these shared regions from the mu opioid receptor (muOPR) were synthesized as peptides and tested for binding to adrenergic, opioid and control compounds using ultraviolet spectroscopy. Adrenergic compounds bound to several of these muOPR peptides with low micromolar affinity while acetylcholine, histamine and various adrenergic antagonists did not. Similar studies were then conducted with purified, intact muOPR with similar results. Combinations of epinephrine with methionine enkephalin or morphine increased the binding of both by about half a log unit. These results suggest that muOPR may be allosterically enhanced by adrenergic agonists.
The invariant tryptophan in an H chain V region is not essential to antibody binding. (1988)

The first amino acid residue of the second framework region in all antibody H and L chain V regions sequenced to date is invariably tryptophan. To test whether this invariance is essential to proper domain folding and generation of a functional antibody, the tryptophan residue in the heavy chain V region of a mouse anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibody was converted to an alanine residue by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the H chain gene. The mutant gene was transfected into mouse hybridoma cells that produce the homologous L chain, and the resulting mutant antibody was purified from the cell supernatant. It was shown to have essentially the same reactivity as wild type toward a series of anti-idiotypic antibodies and to bind Ag with a Ka similar to that of wild type.
Electro-Optical Characterization of Patterned Thin Metal Film Ni<sub>2</sub>Si–4H SiC Schottky Photodiodes for Ultraviolet Light Detection (2014)

The use of healthcare sensors in portable and wearable devices has drawn increasing attention in the last few months. More particularly, the integration of ultraviolet (UV) light sensors to monitor UV sunlight radiation in next generation smartphones has been widely discussed recently. Here, we propose 4H-SiC Schottky photodiodes with three different geometries suitably designed to operate in photovoltaic condition for UV light monitoring. The electrical and optical characteristics of these devices are investigated as a function of the bias and temperature applied to the detectors.
Tris(3,5-di-<i>tert</i>-butylcatecholato)molybdenum(VI): Lewis Acidity and Nonclassical Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions (2013)

In the solid state, tris(3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholato)molybdenum(VI) forms a dimer with seven-coordinate molybdenum and bridging catecholates. NMR spectroscopy indicates that the dimeric structure is retained in solution. The molybdenum center has a high affinity for Lewis bases such as pyridine or pyridine-N-oxide, forming seven-coordinate monomers with a capped octahedral geometry, as illustrated by the solid-state structure of (3,5-(t)Bu2Cat)3Mo(py). Structural data indicate that the complexes are best considered as Mo(VI) with substantial π donation from the nonbridging catecholates to molybdenum. Both the dimeric and the monomeric tris(catecholates) react rapidly with water to form free catechol and oxomolybdenum bis(catecholate) complexes. Monooxomolybdenum complexes are also obtained, more slowly, on reaction with dioxygen, with organic products consisting mostly of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,2-benzoquinone with minor amounts of the extradiol oxidation product 4,6-di-tert-butyl-1-oxacyclohepta-4,6-diene-2,3-dione. The pyridine-N-oxide complex reacts on heating (with excess pyO) to form initially (3,5-(t)Bu2Cat)2MoO(Opy) and ultimately MoO3(Opy), with quinone and free pyridine as the only organic products. The decay of (3,5-(t)Bu2Cat)3Mo(Opy) shows an accelerated, autocatalytic profile because the oxidation of its product, (3,5-(t)Bu2Cat)2MoO(Opy), produces an oxo-rich, catecholate-poor intermediate which rapidly conproportionates with (3,5-(t)Bu2Cat)3Mo(Opy), providing an additional pathway for its conversion to the mono-oxo product. The tris(catecholate) fragment Mo(3,5-(t)Bu2Cat)3 deoxygenates Opy in this nonclassical oxygen atom transfer reaction slightly less rapidly than does its oxidized product, MoO(3,5-(t)Bu2Cat)2.
Infrared Video Pupillography Coupled with Smart Phone LED for Measurement of Pupillary Light Reflex (2017)

Clinical assessment of pupil appearance and pupillary light reflex (PLR) may inform us the integrity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Current clinical pupil assessment is limited to qualitative examination, and relies on clinical judgment. Infrared (IR) video pupillography combined with image processing software offer the possibility of recording quantitative parameters. In this study we describe an IR video pupillography set-up intended for human and animal testing. As part of the validation, resting pupil diameter was measured in human subjects using the NeurOptics<sup>™</sup> (Irvine, CA, USA) pupillometer, to compare against that measured by our IR video pupillography set-up, and PLR was assessed in guinea pigs. The set-up consisted of a smart phone with a light emitting diode (LED) strobe light (0.2 s light ON, 5 s light OFF cycles) as the stimulus and an IR camera to record pupil kinetics. The consensual response was recorded, and the video recording was processed using a custom MATLAB program. The parameters assessed were resting pupil diameter (D1), constriction velocity (CV), percentage constriction ratio, re-dilation velocity (DV) and percentage re-dilation ratio. We report that the IR video pupillography set-up provided comparable results as the NeurOptics<sup>™</sup> pupillometer in human subjects, and was able to detect larger resting pupil size in juvenile male guinea pigs compared to juvenile female guinea pigs. At juvenile age, male guinea pigs also had stronger pupil kinetics for both pupil constriction and dilation. Furthermore, our IR video pupillography set-up was able to detect an age-specific increase in pupil diameter (female guinea pigs only) and reduction in CV (male and female guinea pigs) as animals developed from juvenile (3 months) to adult age (7 months). This technique demonstrated accurate and quantitative assessment of pupil parameters, and may provide the foundation for further development of an integrated system useful for clinical applications.
Oxygen Atom Transfer Reactions from Isolated (Oxo)manganese(V) Corroles to Sulfides (2010)

A series of five free-base corroles were metalated and brominated to form 10 manganese(III) corroles. Two of the free-base corroles and six manganese(III) corroles were analyzed by X-ray crystallography, including one complex that may be considered a transition-state analogue of oxygen atom transfer (OAT) from (oxo)manganese(V) to thioansisole. Oxidation by ozone allowed for isolation of the 10 corresponding (oxo)manganese(V) corroles, whose characterization by (1)H and (19)F NMR spectroscopy and electrochemistry revealed a low-spin and triply bound manganese-oxygen moiety. Mechanistic insight was obtained by investigating their reactivity regarding stoichiometric OAT to a series of p-thioanisoles, revealing a magnitude difference on the order of 5 between the β-pyrrole brominated (oxo)manganese(V) corroles relative to the nonbrominated analogues. The main conclusion is that the (oxo)manganese(V) corroles are legitimate OAT agents under conditions where proposed oxidant-coordinated reaction intermediates are irrelevant. Large negative Hammett ρ constants are obtained for the more reactive (oxo)manganese(V) corroles, consistent with expectation for such electrophilic species. The least reactive complexes display very little selectivity to the electron-richness of the sulfides, as well as a non-first-order dependence on the concentration of (oxo)manganese(V) corrole. This suggests that disproportionation of the original (oxo)manganese(V) corrole to (oxo)manganese(IV) and (oxo)manganese(VI) corroles, followed by substrate oxidation by the latter complex, gains importance when the direct OAT process becomes progressively less favorable.
Iconography : Healthy minds 0–100 years: Optimising the use of European brain imaging cohorts (“Lifebrain”) (2018)

European Psychiatry - In Press.Proof corrected by the author Available online since mercredi 28 fevrier 2018
A Retrospective Study of Epinephrine Administration for Anaphylaxis: How Many Doses Are Needed? (1999)

The precise amount of epinephrine needed to reverse severe symptomatology due to an anaphylactic reaction is unknown. We tried to determine how frequently more than one injection of epinephrine is required to treat an anaphylactic reaction. A retrospective review of patient charts with anaphylactic reactions requiring epinephrine, in response to inhalant allergen and hymenoptera venom immunotherapy as well as live hymenoptera stings, examined type of reaction; number, doses, and timing of epinephrine administered; and ancillary treatment. A total of 105 anaphylactic reaction events of varying severity (Ring's classification) were recorded (54--Grade I, 29--Grade II, 18--Grade III, 0--Grade IV, 4--unknown). The median epinephrine dose administered was 0.3 cc (range 0.1 to 0.8 cc, 1:1000). The timing of the first epinephrine injection was < or = 5 minutes in 27, 6-10 minutes in 13, 11-30 minutes in 16, < or = 30 minutes in 32, 31-60 minutes in 12, and > 60 minutes in five epinephrine treated patients. Overall, 38 patients (35.5%; CI95, 26.4-44.6%) required > 1 epinephrine injection. Of these, 11 experienced Grade I (11/54-20.3%; CI95, 9.6-31.0%), 12--Grade II (12/29-41.5%, CI95, 23.5-59.3%), and 13--Grade III (13/18-72.2%, CI95, 51.5-92.9%); reactivity was unknown in 2 patients. Forty-four patients also received an antihistamine, 10 received corticosteroids, and 30 received both medications and/or other ancillary therapy. A significant number of patients (> 35%) with anaphylactic reactions received greater than one epinephrine dose to manage events for the three classes of severity. Patients at risk for anaphylaxis and their caregivers need to recognize that more than one dose of epinephrine may be required for treatment of anaphylaxis.
Study of interleukin absorption in a blood filtration element for plasma separation (2011)

In clinical diagnostics, the fluidic part for sample-preparation should not absorb any of the substances of interest. In this study, the absorption of 4 different interleukins was investigated in a newly developed microfluidic blood filtration element (BFE). The BFE is capable of extracting 8-15 Î¼L volume of plasma from 100 Î¼L of whole blood in 7 minutes. Whole blood from 4 separate human subjects was tested. The recovery from our BFE was lower than 100%, but, as it was reproducible (except for TNF-Î±), enables use of the device in clinical trials with prior calibration.
New covalent modifications of phosphatidylethanolamine by alkanals: mass spectrometry based structural characterization and biological effects (2014)

The pathophysiology of numerous human disorders, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity and Alzheimer's disease, is accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can oxidatively damage nearly all biomolecules, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. In particular, (poly)unsaturated fatty acids within the phospholipid (PL) structure are easily oxidized by ROS to lipid peroxidation products (LPP) carrying reactive carbonyl groups. Carbonylated LPP are characterized by high in vivo toxicity due to their reactivity with nucleophilic substrates (Lys-, Cys-and His-residues in proteins or amino groups of phosphatidylethanolamines [PE]). Adducts of unsaturated LPP with PE amino groups have been reported before, whereas less is known about the reactivity of saturated alkanals - which are significantly increased in vivo under oxidative stress conditions - towards nucleophilic groups of PLs. Here, we present a study of new alkanal-dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) adducts by MS-based approaches, using consecutive fragmentation (MS(n)) and multiple reaction monitoring techniques. At least eight different DPPE-hexanal adducts were identified, including Schiff base and amide adducts, six of which have not been reported before. The structures of these new compounds were determined by their fragmentation patterns using MS(n) experiments. The new PE-hexanal adducts contained dimeric and trimeric hexanal conjugates, including cyclic adducts. A new pyridine ring containing adduct of DPPE and hexanal was purified by HPLC, and its biological effects were investigated. Incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes with modified DPPE did not result in increased production of TNF-α as one selected inflammation marker. However, incorporation of modified DPPE into 1,2-dipalmitoleoyl-sn-phosphatidylethanolamine multilamellar vesicles resulted in a negative shift of the transition temperature, indicating a possible role of alkanal-derived modifications in changes of membrane structure.
A Model of the Ventral Visual System Based on Temporal Stability and Local Memory (2006)

The cerebral cortex is a remarkably homogeneous structure suggesting a rather generic computational machinery. Indeed, under a variety of conditions, functions attributed to specialized areas can be supported by other regions. However, a host of studies have laid out an ever more detailed map of functional cortical areas. This leaves us with the puzzle of whether different cortical areas are intrinsically specialized, or whether they differ mostly by their position in the processing hierarchy and their inputs but apply the same computational principles. Here we show that the computational principle of optimal stability of sensory representations combined with local memory gives rise to a hierarchy of processing stages resembling the ventral visual pathway when it is exposed to continuous natural stimuli. Early processing stages show receptive fields similar to those observed in the primary visual cortex. Subsequent stages are selective for increasingly complex configurations of local features, as observed in higher visual areas. The last stage of the model displays place fields as observed in entorhinal cortex and hippocampus. The results suggest that functionally heterogeneous cortical areas can be generated by only a few computational principles and highlight the importance of the variability of the input signals in forming functional specialization.
The Effect of Carbonizing Temperature on Friction and Wear Properties of Hard Porous Carbon Materials Made from Rice Husk (2009)

The new hard porous carbon material called the RH (rice husk) ceramics has been developed by carbonizing rice husk as the main raw material. In order to clarify the friction and wear properties of RH ceramics, a study of the effect of carbonization temperature on the mechanical and tribological properties of RH ceramics was undertaken. RH ceramics samples carbonized at 900, 1400, and 1500 °C were prepared for this study. The RH ceramics samples were inspected using X-ray diffraction, EDX and scanning electron microscopy. Mechanical properties of RH ceramics such as Vickers hardness, compressive strength, and bulk density were also studied. The RH ceramics carbonized at 1500 °C had much higher porosity compared to the ones carbonized at lower temperatures. In addition, the bulk density and compressive strength decreased with increasing carbonization temperature. Whereas, the hardness was higher for the RH ceramics carbonized at higher temperatures. Ball-on-disk sliding tests showed that the RH ceramics carbonized at the conventional 900 °C have better friction and wear properties compared to the ones carbonized at 1400 and 1500 °C under dry condition sliding against austenitic stainless steel (JIS SUS304). The friction coefficient and specific wear rate took very low values of 0.07 and less and 5.0×10-10mm2/N and less, correspondingly, for the RH ceramics carbonized at 900 °C. Based on the experimental results, friction and wear mechanisms have been summarized for each carbonization temperature.