gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A spiking neural network alternative for the analog to digital converter (2010)

A majority of artificial spiking neural network models are used for modeling and/or understanding biological processes, while only in a few instances have they been used for solving engineering tasks. When spiking neural networks are used for an engineering task often the inputs are fed directly into the network and it is up to the network to evolve the connections from a randomly connected pool of neurons. This approach may generate a network capable of producing the desired output (mapping), however, the resulting network is typically undecipherable. In modern digital systems a microprocessor is used to perform a task. Specifically, an analog to digital converter is used to allow the microprocessor to accurately interpret analog signals coming from sensors monitoring the task. In this paper, a spiking neural network is used to measure the intensity of an input analog signal using a coincidence detection approach, where a pool of intensity detecting neurons is responsible for identifying specific intensities. At any instant in time the active neuron in the pool represents current input intensity of the signal. We first show the circuit for a single intensity case. Next, the entire intensity detection circuit is examined over a large range of intensities. Finally, the entire network is tested when the input signal is mixed with Gaussian noise. The resulting analog coincidence intensity detection network has a rapid and accurate response while being noise-resistant. The modularity of the design allows the network to be easily incorporated as a preprocessing system in other and/or larger simulations.
Real-time measurement of transverse-mode-mixing effects in a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1996)

We describe a novel apparatus for the real-time characterization of transverse-mode-mixing effects by monitoring the fluctuations of the M(2) factor defined by Siegman [Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng. 1224, 2 (1990)]. A comparison between the results provided by our approach and those obtained by the use of a standard measurement apparatus has shown a satisfactory agreement within the experimental uncertainty.
Statins and Cancer (2007)

To the Editor: In their recently published case–control trial, Coogan et al., reported that statin use was not associated with the risk of 10 cancers at extra-hepatic sites.1 Different statins are frequently grouped together as a drug class since they share a major biochemical function—inhibition of hepatic HMG-CoA reductase. However, there is considerable evidence that the hydrophobic and hydrophilic statins differ in their biochemical function at extra-hepatic sites.2 Grouping these compounds together for the purpose of analyzing a cancer risk in extra-hepatic tissues may mask an effect where one exists. Hydrophilic pravastatin does not enter most normal extra-hepatic cells or malignant cells of extra-hepatic origin. This precludes a protective effect of this statin on the growth of malignant cells at most extra-hepatic sites. Failure to distinguish cancer risk data between users of hydrophobic and hydrophilic statins, therefore, may temper findings of a protective effect where one exists. Furthermore, it is biologically plausible that hydrophilic statins such as pravastatin that lower serum cholesterol but do not enter most extra-hepatic cells may actually increase the risk of some extra-hepatic cancers. Lowering serum cholesterol causes a compensatory induction of HMG-CoA reductase in extra-hepatic cells. We have shown that mevalonate, the product of this enzyme, can promote the growth of tumors derived from human cells in mice.3 Although lipophilic statins can readily enter extra-hepatic cells to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase activity and compensate for the induction of this enzyme, hydrophilic statins cannot. Grouping of hydrophilic and hydrophobic statins in studies of their extra-hepatic effects without regard to fundamental differences in their extra-hepatic function may, therefore, obscure findings of risk where one exists. Robin E. Duncan Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley, CA [email protected] Ahmed El-Sohemy Michael C. Archer Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
Machine Learning for Quantum Metrology (2019)

Phase estimation represents a significant example to test the application of quantum theory for enhanced measurements of unknown physical parameters. Several recipes have been developed, allowing to define strategies to reach the ultimate bounds in the asymptotic limit of a large number of trials. However, in certain applications it is crucial to reach such bound when only a small number of probes is employed. Here, we discuss an asymptotically optimal, machine learning based, adaptive single-photon phase estimation protocol that allows us to reach the standard quantum limit when a very limited number of photons is employed.
Exploiting synergies of multiple crossovers: initial studies (2002)

Genetic algorithms (GAS) are believed to exploit the synergy between diKerent traversals of the solution space that are afforded by crossover and mutation operators. While dozens of different crossovers are known, comparatively little attention has been devoted to improving performance by using multiple crossover operators within a given GA implementation. Here, we examine various aspects of combining different crossovers; we demonstrate that mixtures of crossovers can outperform any single crossover, and that choosing appropriate mixing proportions is critical for good performance. We conjecture that good crossover mixtures are characterized by “balance” in the crossovers’ respective influences in the population, and explore three adaptive strategies for mixing crossovers.
Thermal design of an ultraslim notebook computer (2000)

We have developed two innovative thermal solutions for ultraslim notebook personal computer (PC) where only natural convection cooling can be used for heat rejection. The first solution is a cooling system for the CPU using the bottom chassis (Mg die-cast) as a heat spreader combining with Al heat transfer plate. The size and geometry were optimized by thermal analysis using finite volume method before making the prototype. As the second solution, a new coating which can reduce the warmth of Mg (magnesium alloy) die-cast enclosure has been developed and has already reached the stage of practical use. This paper describes the outline of these thermal design technologies used for Mitsubishi ultraslim notebook PC "Pedion." As of September 1997 "Pedion" was the world's thinnest at 18 mm thick among A4-size notebook computers for Microsoft(R) Windows(R).
Free Galactose Concentrations in Fresh and Stored Apples (<i>Malus domestica</i>) and Processed Apple Products (2004)

Gas chromatography was used to quantitate free galactose in Braeburn, Fuji, Red Delicious, and Spartan apples during cold storage, after thermal processing of apple slices and in juice produced using clarification and/or liquifaction enzymes. Spartan had significantly higher galactose levels as compared to Red Delicious apples, but changes in galactose in all varieties during 9 months of cold storage were insignificant. Blanching and canning decreased galactose levels, but doubling the thermal processing during canning increased the free galactose concentration detected in plant tissue. An enzymatic liquefaction aid used to prepare apple juice dramatically increased the free galactose content while a clarification aid caused only a slight increase due to its selective action on soluble pectin. These findings provide useful information for dietitians to base diet recommendations for galactosemic patients.
Application of the Japp-Klingemann Reaction.<sup>1</sup> A New Synthesis of Ornithine (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of the Japp-Klingemann Reaction.1 A New Synthesis of OrnithineD. Shapiro and R. A. AbramovitchCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 24, 6690–6691Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01629a113https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01629a113research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effect of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Analog Regime and Stage of Oocyte Maturity for Induced Ovulation of Channel Catfish, <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> (2011)

This study addresses rapid methods to identify mature channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus , females for induced spawning with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) and common carp pituitary extract (CPE) and the effects of stage of maturity, hormone dose, season, and cannulation before hormone injection. Hormonal intervention is the most effective method for inducing maturation and spawning in channel catfish × blue catfish, Ictalurus furcatus , hybrids. A total of 80 mature channel catfish were staged for maturity based on secondary sexual characteristics and 20–30 oocytes cannulated to ascertain their maturation stage based on the position of gonadal vesicle. Twenty females were randomly assigned to one of the four hormone regimes (priming + resolving dose): CPE 2 + 8 mg/kg (CPEC); LHRHa 20 + 40 µg/kg (LHRHaL); LHRHa 20 + 60 µg/kg (LHRHaM); and LHRHa 20 + 80 µg/kg (LHRHaH) and a fifth treatment consisted of 20 females selected based on apparent maturity as evidenced by external appearance were injected with CPE, 2 + 8 mg/kg without cannulation (CPEO). Two trials were conducted in early part of the spawning season and two trials in peak season. External methods to identify maturity correlated ( r = 0.63) with that of “germinal vesicle position” method to identify the stage of maturity in females. Mean percent of females that ovulated, hatched, and fry produced per kg body weight did not differ ( P > 0.05) among the five hormone treatments. The mean percent females that ovulated was higher ( P < 0.05) for CPE‐induced females that were identified as “excellent” females based on external examination. The performance of cannulated females did not differ ( P > 0.05) with that of non‐cannulated catfish. The mean egg quality of hormone‐induced females and percent of females ovulated in response to hormone treatment established a weak but significant linear relationship ( Y = 3.85 + 0.008 × ovulation, r 2 = 0.39, P < 0.05).
"Is This Park to Memorialize Confederate Valor and History or Not?": Sectionalist Civil War Memory in the History of Manassas National Battlefield Park, 1861-2011 (2013)

In the 150 years since the start of the U.S. Civil War, historians and laypeople alike have debated the causes and conduct of the war. Through the acceptance of the Confederate veterans memorial school the Lost Cause that led to reunification in the late nineteenth century, the memory of the Civil War and the actual events became indistinguishable. This blurring carried over into the work of interpretation at national Civil War battlefield and military parks. Although numerous historians have tackled the issues between Civil War memory and the national parks, and the connection to reunification, the majority have examined only the five original Civil War sites—Chickamauga-Chattanooga, Antietam, Gettysburg, Vicksburg, and Shiloh National Parks. By examining the history of Manassas National Battlefield Park in Manassas, Virginia—a National Park Service site created after the turn of the twentieth century and one that preserves two Confederate victories—since the conclusion of the first battle, a more complex story between memory and public interpretation arises. Instead of a story of reconciliation between the North and South, one finds a narrative of sectional tensions that remained even after the country reunified. Although the National Park Service has attempted to fight against Lost Cause interpretation there since its establishment in 1940, the legacy of its use of a shrine to Confederate history and memory shows that the sectionalism of Civil War memory still exists in some facets of Civil War interpretation.
Learning Representations for CSI Adaptive Quantization and Feedback (2022)

In this work, we propose an efficient method for channel state information (CSI) adaptive quantization and feedback in frequency division duplexing (FDD) systems. Existing works mainly focus on the implementation of autoencoder (AE) neural networks (NNs) for CSI compression, and consider straightforward quantization methods, e.g., uniform quantization, which are generally not optimal. With this strategy, it is hard to achieve a low reconstruction error, especially, when the available number of bits reserved for the latent space quantization is small. To address this issue, we recommend two different methods: one based on a post training quantization and the second one in which the codebook is found during the training of the AE. Both strategies achieve better reconstruction accuracy compared to standard quantization techniques.
Pharmacodynamic Effects of Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Blockade in Patients with Hyperthyroidism * (1964)

The interrelationships of thyroid hormone, the adrenal medulla, and the sympathetic nervous sys- tem have been recognized since the early part of the present century (1-4). More recent studies of experimental hyperthyroidism by Brewster, Isaacs, Osgood, and King (5) supported the hy- pothesis that the sympathetic nervous system may be responsible for the metabolic and hemodynamic changes associated with the hypermetabolic state, since the alterations induced by thyroid feeding could be reversed by epidural block.
Composition of Tautomeric Mixtures Studied by Nitrogen Chemical Shifts and Ab Initio Molecular Orbital Calculations (2002)

Some nitrogen and carbon chemical shifts and ab initio Gauge Invariant Atomic Orbitals - Coupled-Perturbed Hartree-Fock (GIAO-CPHF) calculations are reported for benzotriazole 1, 5-nitrobenzimidazole 2, 5-nitrobenzotriazole 3, 4-nitrobenzotriazole 4, and N-methyl derivatives of compounds 1-3. A good correlation is found between the calculated and observed 1 3 C and 5 N chemical shifts. Two methods were employed for calculation of equilibrium constants. The prototropic equilibria exhibited by the system studied are found to be controlled by enthalpy rather than entropy.
Pupation site and emergence time influence the mating success of bagworm females, <i>Oiketicus kirbyi</i> (1995)

Abstract In commercial oil palm plantations in Costa Rica, we tested the hypotheses that pupation site and emergence time affect the mating success of protogynous female bagworms, Oiketicus kirbyi (Guilding) (Lepidoptera: Psychidae). Greater proportions of female than male pupae on upper leaves of oil palms and greater proportions of mated females in the upper rather than lower crown strata support the hypothesis that selection of pupation site by female larvae influences the mating success of adults. Increasing captures of males with increasing trap height further suggest that enhanced mating success of females in tree tops may be attributed either to most effective dissemination of sex pheromone on higher sites, or to males foraging predominantly in the upper strata of oil palms. As the majority of females pupated in the middle rather than upper crown of oil palms, selection of pupation site by females may be affected by additional as yet unknown factors. Emergence of females significantly preceded emergence of males. Increasing proportions of mated females throughout the emergence season probably resulted from an increased ‘availability’ of males. In tropical rainforests with local variations in O. kirbyi developmental time and stage, protogyny may represent an evolutionary strategy that furthers outbreeding.
Alternative Splicing of ED-A and ED-B Sequences of Fibronectin Pre-mRNA Differs in Chondrocytes from Different Cartilaginous Tissues and Can Be Modulated by Biological Factors (1995)

The alternative splicing of the ED-A and ED-B segments of fibronectin pre-mRNA was examined in epiphyseal, costal, and meniscal cartilage from 3-week-old beagles and in nasal, tracheal, articular, and meniscal cartilage from 1- and 2-year-old Labrador retrievers. In contrast to the 100% expression of ED-B(+) mRNA that has been reported for embryonic chick cartilage (Bennett, V.D., Pallante, K.M., and Adams, S.K. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 5918-5924), all cartilages studied expressed both the ED-B(+) and ED-B(-) forms of fibronectin mRNA with the exception of the trachea, in which expression was 100% ED-B(-). Of all cartilages studied, only the meniscus had detectable levels of ED-A(+) mRNA. Placing articular cartilage chondrocytes in primary monolayer culture dramatically up-regulated the expression of ED-A(+) mRNA to 25% of the total, and this expression was further increased by the addition of transforming growth factor beta 1 or fucoidan to the culture medium. The expression of ED-B(+) mRNA remained at about 18% in the cultured chondrocytes and was not further affected by either transforming growth factor beta 1 or fucoidan. In contrast, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate decreased the relative expression of both the ED-A(+) and ED-B(+) forms of fibronectin pre-mRNA. We concluded that the expression of ED-B(+) fibronectin remains relatively high in chondrocytes from cartilaginous canine tissues (15-35%) with the exception of the trachea, in contrast to the less than 10% expression of ED-B(+) fibronectin reported for other non-fetal tissues.
Evaluation Methodology for Ambulatory Care Information Systems (1982)

The central purpose of an ambulatory care information system is to communicate information to the practitioner to facilitate clinical decision making. The clinical decision can be considered the dependent output variable in a process in which the information system, the patient, clinician characteristics and the environment are the independent input variables. Evaluation methodologies must consider there relationships. Approaches using patients outcomes are problematic because of indirect relationship between the information system and patient outcomes, which limits both sensitivity and validity. A process measure technique that focuses on the clinical decision directly as the measure of output could be appropriate if the represented a generic sampling of clinical decisions made in ambulatory care. A new method under development based on an information theory concept may be more widely applicable than currently available methods.
Vielfach verbrückte aromatische Verbindungen, I 2.11.20‐Trithia[3.3.3](1,3,5)cyclophan<sup>1)</sup> (1970)

Abstract Synthese und Eigenschaften der Titelverbindung 1a und des Trisulfons 1b werden beschrieben.
Parts Height Measurement by Coded Lattice Projection for Bin-picking. (1998)

For the sake of bin-picking, usually three-dimensional recognition is applied. However, this method uses complex recognition procedure that needs much computing time, and the probability of successful recognition is not sufficiently high. In our research, first the position of the part having maximum height is detected using coded lattice pattern, and then two-dimensional recognition is made in the neighborhood of the highest point. By this way the minimum necessary data for bin-picking are obtained. The active slit pattern is used only for detecting the highest location instead of obtaining three-dimensional image in the conventional method. The lattice slits are coded by changing the combination of the thickness of lines. By using this visual method together with the versatile vacuum chuck, We obtained successful result of electrolysis capacitors bin-picking.
Geochemistry Characteristics of Microelements in latosol-like Paleosols in Liaoning province (2009)

Geochemistry characteristics of microelements and the ratio of Rb to Sr (Rb/Sr) in latosol-like paleosols which developed from four different parent materials in Liaoning province were analyzed in the paper. The results show that parent material is a primary factor affecting content of microelements and their geochemistry characteristics in latosol-like paleosols in Liaoning province. The content of microelements vary distinctly in latosol-like paleosols developed from different parent materials. The order from higher content to lower content of microelements is the latosol-like paleosols derived from Phyllite,limestone,Quaternary loose sediments and Gneiss. The results also indicate that Rb/Sr in latosol-like paleosols in Liaoning province is much higher than that in the paleosols in Luochuan area of Shaanxi province. Rb/Sr trends to increase from upper part to lower part of latosol-like paleosols profiles. These reflect that latosol-like paleosols in Liaoning province were developed in a paleo-climate of more humid and the weather are becoming dryer and dryer over time.
<title>Nonseparable 2D orthogonal wavelets with vanishing moments</title> (1995)

We investigate a general subset of 2D, orthogonal, compactly supported wavelets. This subset, which has a simple parameterization, includes all wavelets with a corresponding wavelet (polyphase) matrix, that can be factored as a product of factors of degree--1, in one variable. In this paper we consider a particular wavelets with vanishing moments. The number of vanishing moments that can be achieved increases with the increase of the McMillan degrees of the wavelet matrix. We design wavelets with the maximal number of vanishing moments for given McMillan degrees, by solving a set of nonlinear constraints, and discuss their relation to regular, smooth wavelets. Design examples are given for two fundamental sampling schemes, the quincunx and the four-band separable sampling.
A new reconfiguration protocol for mesh optical networks (2005)

Resource efficiency is a key concern in dynamic wavelength-routing networks. In particular, link failure events can yield notable inefficiencies as both failed connections and newly-arriving connections can be routed over less efficient routes. It is here that network reconfiguration after fault repair can yield substantial gains. To study the benefits of this approach, we propose a novel distributed token-based approach to coordinate post-repair reconfiguration. The goal is to minimize overall contention between simultaneous re-routing attempts over the same set of resources. Our findings confirm that the proposed scheme attains good gains in resource efficiency and amenable reconfiguration timescales.
Schwefel‐Stickstoff‐Fluorverbindungen, XII. Darstellung und Eigenschaften von Thiotrithiazylfluorid (1961)

Abstract Thiotrithiazylchlorid, S 4 N 3 Cl, gibt mit HF bei 80–100° eine gelbe Lösung, aus der nach dem Eindampfen i. Vak. gelbbraune, extrem feuchtigkeitsempfindliche Kristalle der Zusammensetzung S 4 N 3 F. 1.5 HF entstehen. Das Fluorid wird mit dem Chloranalogon S 4 N 3 Cl auf Grund des Infrarotspektrums, von Röntgenaufnahmen und des chemischen Verhaltens verglichen.