gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positron Emission Tomography with ([11C]Methyl)-L-Methionine, [11C]D-Glucose, and [68Ga]EDTA in Supratentorial Tumors (1985)

Sixteen patients with supratentorial tumors were examined with positron emission tomography (PET) using [( 11C]methyl)-L-methionine, [11C]D-glucose, and [68Ga]EDTA as well as CT. There were nine astrocytomas (grade II), three oligoastrocytomas (grade II), two anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III), and two meningiomas. Six patients with low-grade astrocytomas and all three patients with oligoastrocytomas had an accumulation of [11C]methionine varying from slightly to intensely increased as compared with normal brain tissue. There was a markedly increased uptake of methionine in the anaplastic astrocytomas. Three of the low-grade astrocytomas had a decreased uptake of [11C]methionine in at least part of the tumor as compared with normal brain tissue. Contrast enhancement on CT or uptake of [68Ga]EDTA was not a prerequisite for increased accumulation of methionine. Uptake of [11C]glucose was lower than or equal to that of normal brain tissue in the low-grade tumors and also in one of the two anaplastic astrocytomas and in the bulk of the other. In each individual case the methionine uptake tended to be higher--or less decreased--than the glucose uptake. In the low-grade tumors the uptake of methionine and that of glucose were often different, occasionally markedly different, as far as the tumoral-peritumoral areas involved. These differences were even more remarkable in the two anaplastic astrocytomas. An increased uptake of methionine was often seen in areas appearing normal on CT. It appears that PET with [11C]glucose has limitations with regard to delineation of the low-grade astrocytomas, whereas PET with [11C]methionine usually better reflects the extent of these tumors and, to a lesser degree, the extent of the high-grade neoplasms. The results of PET with [68Ga]EDTA were similar to those with postcontrast CT in most patients. The two meningiomas exhibited a high uptake of all tracers used for PET as well as a marked contrast enhancement on CT. The extent of the meningiomas judged by PET with the various tracers correlated well with the extent assessed by postcontrast CT.
Outlines of a t.d.m. two-wire telephone switching system and its control (1960)

The application of certain basic principles of switching and logic system design in electronic telephone switching systems is illustrated in an outline description of a fully-solid-state switching system for exchanges having some 10 000 lines and 1000 junctions. Speech transmissionis ensured on a one-wire time-multiplex p.a.m. basis using the principle of resonant transfer between modem circuits.A particular arrangement of the highway interconnecting network reduces the total number of cross-points to less than 1.2 per line and 2.5 per junction for speech and signalling. Although unbalanced multiplex highways are used throughout, the problem of inter-highway crosstalk can be mastered without particular difficulties, while the overall transmission losses can be reduced to 1.7 dB.Central control has been conceived as a separate data-processing system using ferrite stores and semiconductor logic at relatively low speeds, determined mainly by the real-time requirements of dial-pulse detection and supervision.Outstanding flexibility and design facility has been achieved by the large-scale use of semi-permanent information stores for translation, hunting and programme-controlled logic.
Strain-modulated epitaxy: Modification of growth kinetics via patterned, compliant substrates (1996)

Bonded, thin film compliant substrates can be used to reduce the strain in a lattice-mismatched overlayer during epitaxial growth. We have presented an initial demonstration of the use of thin film GaAs compliant substrates fabricated by epitaxial liftoff or substrates removal and bonded to a mechanical host. This processing approach can be coupled with the patterning of the bonded surface to realize a lateral thickness variation. This thickness variation, in turn, can be used to realize a lateral strain variation in the growing mismatched overlayer. The strain can then be used to modify molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth kinetics, such as cation desorption and migration. With this technique the lateral control of composition and thickness can be realized without any surface topography. In this article, we discuss the growth of InGaAs films on compliant substrates produced by epitaxial lift-off and substrate removal. In addition, we discuss the various extrinsic effects associated with the compliant substrates, including the effects of the bonding and the results of MBE temperature cycling experiments. Finally, the characteristics of InGaAs thin films grown on GaAs patterned compliant substrates are presented.
Influence of sludge age on enhanced phosphorus removal in biological systems (1996)

The phosphorus removal process was studied in a bench-scale plant for a period of 300 days. The process was observed to depend greatly on two parameters: the amount of volatile fatty acid (VFA) taken up in the anaerobic stage and sludge age. For a given sludge age, phosphorus release versus VFA uptake in the anaerobic stage could be fitted to a straight line, while phosphorus uptake in the non-anaerobic stages fitted a logarithmic curve. Thus, phosphorus removal occurred within a limited VFA uptake range. The range width and the phosphorus removal capacity varied with sludge age.
Design and Performance Verification of Variable Dampers Using MR Fluid (2003)

Two typical types of MR damper were proposed, where the orifice for MR fluid was designed to place between the piston and the cylinder in one type, and to place on the piston in the other type. In the former design, MR fluid was expected to be subjected to shear flow in the orifice, and subjected to Poiseuille flow in the latter design. The damping force of MR dampers was experimentally measured under various conditions of piston speed, piston amplitude and applied electric current to the magnetic coil. The experimental results showed that the maximum damping force were almost the same in both types of damper under the same conditions, except for case under very little amplitude. It was also shown that typical characteristics of MR damper depended on the clearance of orifice and air volume in MR dampers, and the optimal design for the dynamic range of damping force existed in relation to the clearance of orifice. The experimental result of the damping force of these dampers showed good agreement with the analytical result.
In vivo cross-linking of the SecA and SecY subunits of the Escherichia coli preprotein translocase (1997)

Precursor protein translocation across the Escherichia coli inner membrane is mediated by the translocase, which is composed of a heterotrimeric integral membrane protein complex with SecY, SecE, and SecG as subunits and peripherally bound SecA. Cross-linking experiments were conducted to study which proteins are associated with SecA in vivo. Formaldehyde treatment of intact cells results in the specific cross-linking of SecA to SecY. Concurrently with the increased membrane association of SecA, an elevated amount of cross-linked product was obtained in cells harboring overproduced SecYEG complex. Cross-linked SecA copurified with hexahistidine-tagged SecY and not with SecE. The data indicate that SecA and SecY coexist as a stable complex in the cytoplasmic membrane in vivo.
Applications and Limitations of 3-Dimensional Vehicle Rollover Simulation (2000)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Vehicle crashes often involve rollover. A vehicle rollover is a complex, 3-dimensional event that is quite difficult to model successfully. As a result, crash investigators often make simplifying assumptions that compromise the quality of the information learned from the analysis. Advances in vehicle simulation modeling have greatly reduced the amount of work required to perform rollover simulations. Rollover simulation holds promise as a tool to learn more about crashes involving rollover. This paper describes how the EDVSM simulation model calculates 3-dimensional forces and moments on the sprung mass (i.e., body exterior) and how these forces and moments are integrated into the equations of motion. The paper also provides some examples of the use of rollover simulation. Finally, the paper addresses the practical and theoretical limitations of rollover simulation as a tool for routine reconstruction of on-road and off-road crashes.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">VEHICLE ROLLOVER is a significant safety problem. According to the NHTSA, an average of 227,000 rollover crashes (i.e., crashes in which rollover was the first harmful event) occurred annually between the years 1992 and 1996. These crashes resulted in an average of 9063 fatalities and over 200,000 non-fatal injuries each year. Rollover is second only to frontal crashes in terms of severity [<span class="xref">1</span>]. However, it cannot be concluded from previous research that speed alone is the major factor causing rollover crashes. Because of the frequency of this crash mode, and because of the typical severity of the resulting crash injuries, understanding the cause of rollover crashes is a critical aspect of motor vehicle safety research. Better understanding can ultimately lead to the development of safer vehicles and highways, as well as lead to a more knowledgeable driver.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes procedures for investigating rollover crashes. A literature review is included to assess the current state of the art and findings of other researchers. The main component of the paper is an in-depth evaluation of the use of the EDVSM [<span class="xref">2</span>] vehicle simulation model for studying rollover crashes. The vehicle model assumptions are presented and evaluated. Several examples of the use of EDVSM are provided. Finally, limitations of the model for use in rollover simulation are explored.</div></div>
Adiabatic rf pulses: Applications to in vivo NMR (1997)

Adiabatic pulses are amplitude- and frequency-modulated pulses that are insensitive to the effects of B1-inhomogeneity and frequency offset. From the classical adiabatic passage experiments, the adiabatic condition is derived and analyzed. From the adiabatic condition, amplitude and frequency modulation functions are derived and optimized over predetermined radio frequency amplitude and frequency offset ranges. Description of the selective inversion and refocusing properties of adiabatic full-passage pulses leads to the principle of plane rotation pulses, of which the BIR-4 (B1-insensitive rotation) pulse will be discussed in detail. Theoretical simulations based on the Bloch equations, three-dimensional vector diagrams, and experimental applications demonstrate the utility and performance of the adiabatic pulses for in vivo NMR and for liquid state high-resolution NMR. ©1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 9: 247–268, 1997
Experiments on the synthesis of tetracycline. Part XI. Oxidation of ketone acetals and ethers by hydride transfer (1972)

A method for oxidising a diol as its acetonide, or other acetal, by hydride transfer to the triphenyl carbonium ion, is described. Triphenylcarbonium ion oxidation is applied to the selective deprotection of benzyl and benzyloxy-carbonyl ethers.
Potential fluctuations and energetic ion production in hollow cathode discharges (2007)

Ions with energies significantly in excess of the applied discharge voltage have been reported for many years in hollow cathode discharges. Models of dc potential hills downstream of the cathode and instabilities in postulated double layers in the cathode orifice have been proposed to explain this, but have not been substantiated. Measurements of the dc and rf plasma density and potential profiles near the exit of hollow cathodes by miniature fast-scanning probes suggests that turbulent ion acoustic fluctuations and ionization instabilities in the cathode plume significantly increase the energy of the ions that flow from this region. Increases in the discharge current and/or decreases in the cathode gas flow enhance the amplitude of the fluctuations and increase the number and energy of the energetic ions, which increases the erosion rate of the cathode electrodes. The transition from the quiescent “spot mode” to the noisy “plume mode” characteristic of these discharges is found to be a gradual transition of increasing fluctuation amplitudes.
Measurement of Air-Fuel Ratio Fluctuations Caused by Combustor Driven Oscillations (1998)

Lean premixed combustion has emerged as a method of achieving low pollutant emissions from gas turbines. A common problem of lean premixed combustion is combustion instability. As conditions inside lean premixed combustors approach the lean flammability limit, large pressure variations are encountered. As a consequence, certain desirable gas turbine operating regimes are not approachable. In minimizing these regimes, combustor designers must rely upon trial and error because combustion instabilities are not well understood (and thus difficult to model). When they occur, pressure oscillations in the combustor can induce fluctuations in fuel mole fraction that can augment the pressure oscillations (undesirable) or dampen the pressure oscillations (desirable). In this paper, we demonstrate a method for measuring the fuel mole fraction oscillations which occur in the premixing section during combustion instabilities produced in the combustor that is downstream of the premixer. The fuel mole fraction in the premixer is measured with kHz resolution by the absorption of light from a 3.39 μm He-Ne laser. A sudden expansion combustor is constructed to demonstrate this fuel mole fraction measurement technique. Under several operating conditions, we measure significant fuel mole fraction fluctuations that are caused by pressure oscillations in the combustion chamber. Since the fuel mole fraction is sampled continuously, a power spectrum is easily generated. The fuel mole fraction power spectrum clearly indicates fuel mole fraction fluctuation frequencies are the same as the pressure fluctuation frequencies under some operating conditions.
The Classical T Tauri Spectroscopic Binary DQ Tau.I.Orbital Elements and Light Curves (1997)

We report the discovery that the classical T Tauri star DQ Tan is a double-lined spectroscopic binary. The orbital period is 15.804 days, with a large orbital eccentricity e=0.556. The mass ratio is 0.97±0.15. We have monitored DQ Tau photometrically over two observing seasons and observed recurring episodes during which the stars get brighter (≍0.5 mag in V) and bluer (≍-0.2 mag in V-I). When combined with photometry in the literature (time span ≍5000 days), a Scargle periodogram analysis reveals a highly significant periodicity of 15.80 days, essentially identical to the binary orbital period. These brightening events occur shortly before or at periastron passage. They occur during at least 65% of periastron passages, but not during all periastron passages. DQ Tau is surrounded by a circumbinary disk with mass of 0.002-0.02 M<SUB>sun</SUB>. The infrared spectral energy distribution resembles a power law from 1 to 60 μm. Remarkably, there is no paucity of near-infrared emission indicative of the inner disk having been cleared by the binary; there is clearly warm material within the binary orbit. We interpret the brightening events as due to a variable mass accretion rate regulated by the binary orbit. The periodic brightenings, the associated increases in emission line strength and veiling reported in an accompanying paper [Basri et al., submitted (1997)], and the circumstellar material together are consistent with a recent theoretical finding that circumbinary disk material can stream across a binary orbit at certain orbital phases, resulting in a pulsed accretion flow onto the stars [Artymowicz & Lubow, ApJ, 467, L77 (1996)]. The theoretically predicted phase of maximum accretion rate is shortly before periastron, in good agreement with the phasing of the brightenings of DQ Tan. At the same time the periastron separation is smaller than the inferred stellar magnetospheric radii of classical T Tauri stars, so that such magnetospheres would interact at each periastron passage. The magnetic energies are plausibly adequate to power the brightenings. However, the strongly enhanced continuum veiling and long duration of some of the brightenings are not naturally explained in a pure flaring scenario. Nonetheless, magnetospheres likely play a role in the detailed accretion flow near the stars.
The Closer the Better: Similarity of Publication Pairs at Different Cocitation Levels (2017)

We investigated the similarities of pairs of articles that are cocited at the different cocitation levels of the journal, article, section, paragraph, sentence, and bracket. Our results indicate that textual similarity, intellectual overlap (shared references), author overlap (shared authors), proximity in publication time all rise monotonically as the cocitation level gets lower (from journal to bracket). While the main gain in similarity happens when moving from journal to article cocitation, all level changes entail an increase in similarity, especially section to paragraph and paragraph to sentence/bracket levels. We compared the results from four journals over the years 2010–2015: Cell , the European Journal of Operational Research , Physics Letters B , and Research Policy , with consistent general outcomes and some interesting differences. Our findings motivate the use of granular cocitation information as defined by meaningful units of text, with implications for, among others, the elaboration of maps of science and the retrieval of scholarly literature.
A New Synthesis of Lysergic Acid (2003)

[reaction: see text] (+/-)-Lysergic acid has been synthesized via an economical 8-step route from 4-bromoindole and isocinchomeronic acid without the need to protect the indole during the synthesis. Initial efforts to form the simpler 3-acylindole derivatives first and then cyclize these were unsuccessful in the cyclization step.
Three Experimental Techniques to Duplicate the Net Thermal Output of an Irradiated Collector Array (1983)

A relevant and repeatable test method is required to provide a means for rating solar domestic hot water systems. The test method should be independent of the geographical location of the laboratory and the prevailing outdoor environment. Three experimental techniques which reproduce the net thermal output of a normally irradiated solar collector without the use of a solar simulator are investigated. These techniques include the use of an in-line electrical heat source only, use of a nonirradiated collector array in series with a heat source, and the use of electrical strip heaters attached to the back of nonirradiated absorber plates. Two single-tank direct solar domestic hot water systems have been fabricated at the National Bureau of Standards to validate each experimental technique. The solar collector array of one system is subjected to outdoor meteorological conditions. The second system, used to validate the experimental techniques, is located entirely indoors. Daily tests of the solar domestic hot water system with the irradiated collector array were subsequently repeated for the laboratory system using the three experimental techniques. Based on results from several nearly clear and intermittently cloudy days, all three simulation techniques reproduce the net thermal output of the normally irradiated collector array within 4 percent. Pump controller operation can be closely reproduced using two of the techniques. Advantages and limitations of each method are discussed.
Severity of Hypertension Affects Improved Resistance Artery Endothelial Function by Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition (2002)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the restoration of endothelial function by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition based on the severity of hypertension. Forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured in 69 patients with essential hypertension (mild, n = 23; moderate, n = 29; and severe, n = 17 randomly assigned to treatment with either imidapril or amlodipine for 24 weeks in a double-blind fashion during reactive hyperemia and after sublingual administration of nitroglycerin. Imidapril augmented the FBF response to reactive hyperemia after 24 weeks of treatment in the mild and moderate hypertensive groups, but not in the severe hypertensive group. The augmentation of the FBF response to reactive hyperemia induced by imidapril was significantly greater in the moderate hypertensive group than in the mild hypertensive group. Amlodipine did not alter the FBF response to reactive hyperemia. The increase in FBF after the sublingually administered nitroglycerin was similar in all groups. The infusion of NG-monomethyl-l-arginine, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, abolished the enhancement of reactive hyperemia in the mild and moderate hypertensive groups treated with imidapril. These findings suggest that the effects of imidapril on endothelial function are affected by the severity of hypertension and that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced augmentation of reactive hyperemia may be due to increased nitric oxide production.
Online index rebuild (2000)

In this paper we present an efficient method to do online rebuild of a B+-tree index. This method has been implemented in Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise (ASE) Version 12.0. It provides high concurrency, does minimal amount of logging, has good performance and does not deadlock with other index operations. It copies the index rows to newly allocated pages in the key order so that good space utilization and clustering are achieved. The old pages are deallocated during the process. Our algorithm differs from the previously published online index rebuild algorithms in two ways. It rebuilds multiple leaf pages and then propagates the changes to higher levels. Also, while propagating the leaf level changes to higher levels, level 11 pages are reorganized, eliminating the need for a separate pass. Our performance study shows that our approach results in significant reduction in logging and CPU time. Also, our approach uses the same concurrency control mechanism as split and shrink operations, which made it attractive for implementation.
TRAITS AND ROLES OF JONAS KAMLET, PIONEERING CHEMISTRY CONSULTANT, AS A GUIDE TO CONTEMPORARY INVENTORS (2015)

As state universities feel economic pinches of reduced support from state legislatures, and as sources of federal funding for supported research projects face additional challenges, other sources of support need to be found. Two sources under consideration are royalties and licensing fees for successful patents. A good example of a successful developer of patents was Jonas Kamlet, Ph.D. (1914‐1960), who was an early consultant in chemical and other matters and was the successful co-owner, with his wife Edna, of the Kamlet Laboratories. The roles that he played in his career can, we believe, provide good examples for contemporary researchers in doing applied research and obtaining fees for consulting and related professional activities. We review here some of the pertinent roles in the life of Dr. Jonas Kamlet, which may serve as a guide for contemporary innovators.
High-speed laser anemometer system for intrarotor flow mapping in turbomachinery (1982)

A fringe-type laser anemometer with innovative features is described. The innovative features include: (1) rapid, efficient data acquisition processes, (2) detailed graphic display of data being accumulated, and (3) input laser-beam positioning that allows greater optical access to the intrarotor region. Results are presented that demonstrate the anemometer's capability in flow mapping within a transonic axial-flow compressor rotor.