gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular weight in detergent solution of acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica (1978)

Acetylcholine receptor extracted in detergent solution from the electric tissue of Torpedo californica and purified by affinity chromatography contains predominantly two molecular weight species. These have been separated by sedimentation in a sucrose density gradient, and their molecular properties have been determined by sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity measurements in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The molecular weights of these species have been determined, without prior determination of the extent of detergent bound to them, by the adjustment of solvent density with D2O so as to blank out the contribution of bound detergent to the sedimentation potential. The molecular weights of the protein moieties are 250 000 and 500 000. Since these species are identical in specific activity and polypeptide composition they are related as monomer and dimer. The hydrodynamic properties of the detergent complexes of monomer and dimer were derived from combined measurements of sedimentation equilibrium and sedimentation velocity. The S20,w'S are 8.6 S and 12.8 S and the Stokes radii are 7.3 nm and 9.5 nm. For both monomer and dimer, the ratio of the Stokes radius to the minimum possible radius for the protein-detergent complex falls outside the range of values for globular proteins.
评《亚洲研究中的马克斯·韦伯》 (1989)

许多研究亚洲问题的学者所了解的有关马克斯·韦伯的某件事情,不幸是错误的。这就是,亚洲各社会无法实现资本主义的发展形式是由于印度教、佛教、儒教和道教等宗教文化中缺少一种类似“新教伦理”的东西这个臭名昭著的“韦伯命题”。许多人经常错误地声称这是马克斯·韦伯的观点。其实,韦伯根本就没有说过这样的事情。韦伯做了大规模的跨文化分析,《新教
Innovative Diagnoseanwendungen im Fahrzeug / Innovative diagnostics applications in the vehicle (2002)

Durch den steigenden Anteil der Elektronik an der Wertschoepfung eines Fahrzeugs gewinnt die Diagnose auf Basis der im Fahrzeug verbauten ECU (Electronic Control Unit) an Bedeutung. Mercer erwartet in den kommenden Jahren eine Steigerung des Wertanteils der Elektronik am Fahrzeug von jaehrlich 8 Prozent. Beschleunigt wird diese Entwicklung durch die unterschiedlichsten gesetzlichen Verordnungen, die immer mehr Diagnosedaten zur Offenlegung vorschreiben. Der Nutzerkreis von Diagnosetools wird sich daher zu Nutzergruppen mit weniger erfahrenen Anwendern veraendern. Auch das Interesse der Automobilhersteller an mehr Diagnosedaten aus dem gesamten Fahrzeuglebenszyklus steigt. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie fuer den praxistauglichen Einsatz von Diagnosesoftware bei der Software-Entwicklung auf die Einhaltung von Qualitaetsmerkmalen geachtet werden kann. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: Because of the ever-increasing proportion of electronics in the added value of a vehicle the ability to carry out diagnostics on the basis of the ECU system built into the vehicle increasingly gains in significance. In the coming years Mercer expects an annual increase in the added value proportion of electronics in vehicles of 8 percent. This development will be accelerated by the most diverse legal regulations which specify the disclosure of more and more diagnostics data. Through this trend the user group for diagnostics tools will continue to change more and more away from experts and applications engineers towards new user groups and also those who are less experienced in this area. The interest of the car manufacturers in more diagnostics data from the whole life cycle of the vehicle is also increasing. For the appropriate practical use of diagnostics software it is necessary to take account of the possible specialization and the retention of quality features for the software during software development. (A)
Enhanced laser shutter using a hard disk drive rotary voice-coil actuator (2007)

Rotary voice-coil motors from computer hard disk drives make excellent mechanical shutters for light beams. However, the complexity of the necessary electronic driving circuit can hinder their application. A new design is presented here, using a single integrated circuit originally intended for controlling dc motors. A digital input signal switches a unipolar power supply bidirectionally through the voice coil. Short high-current pulses are generated on the transitions to ensure rapid shutter action, while a low holding current reduces the power requirement and heating of the actuator. The circuit can reverse the current to brake the shutter and reduce the impact at the end of its travel. With a focused laser beam, the shutter achieves rise times below 500 ns. A method for producing variable length pulses is also described, demonstrating durations as short as 700 ns.
Requirement of the Type II Secretion System for Utilization of Cellulosic Substrates by <i>Cellvibrio japonicus</i> (2010)

Cellulosic biofuels represent a powerful alternative to petroleum but are currently limited by the inefficiencies of the conversion process. While gram-positive and fungal organisms have been widely explored as sources of cellulases and hemicellulases for biomass degradation, gram-negative organisms have received less experimental attention. We investigated the ability of Cellvibrio japonicus, a recently sequenced gram-negative cellulolytic bacterium, to degrade bioenergy-related feedstocks. Using a newly developed biomass medium, we showed that C. japonicus is able to utilize corn stover and switchgrass as sole sources of carbon and energy for growth. We also developed tools for directed gene disruptions in C. japonicus and used this system to construct a mutant in the gspD gene, which is predicted to encode a component of the type II secretion system. The gspD::pJGG1 mutant displayed a greater-than-2-fold decrease in endoglucanase secretion compared to wild-type C. japonicus. In addition, the mutant strain showed a pronounced growth defect in medium with biomass as a carbon source, yielding 100-fold fewer viable cells than the wild type. To test the potential of C. japonicus to undergo metabolic engineering, we constructed a strain able to produce small amounts of ethanol from biomass. Collectively, these data suggest that C. japonicus is a useful platform for biomass conversion and biofuel production.
An algorithm for real-time dosimetry in intensity-modulated radiation therapy using the radioluminescence signal from Al2O3:C (2006)

Although the radioluminescence (RL) signal from optical fibre Al(2)O(3):C dosemeters used in medical applications is essentially proportional to dose rate, the crystals used so far are imperfect in the sense that their RL sensitivity changes with accumulated dose. A computational algorithm has been developed that corrects for these sensitivity changes. We further report on a new system that effectively separates the RL signal generated in the crystal from fluorescence and Cerenkov emission generated in the optical fibre cable using a gating technique in connection with pulsed linear accelerator radiation beams. The dosimetry system has been used for dose measurements in a phantom during an intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment with 6 MV photons. The RL measurement results are in excellent agreement (i.e. within 1%) with both the OSL results and the dose delivered according to the treatment planning system. RL signals from Al(2)O(3):C can be used for real-time dose rate measurements with a time resolution of approximately 0.1 s and a spatial resolution only limited by the size of the detector (<0.5 mm).
Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of <i>O</i>-Alkynyloximes of Tropinone and <i>N</i>-Methylpiperidinone as Muscarinic Agonists (1998)

A number of O-alkynyloximes of tropinone and N-methyl-4-piperidinone have been synthesized and evaluated for muscarinic activity. The affinities of these oximes were tested in homogenates of cerebral cortex, heart, and submandibulary glands from rats using [3H]pirenzepine and [3H]-N-methylscopolamine as radioligands. The oximes bind to the cortical muscarinic receptors with pKi values varying from 3 to 7. Higher binding affinities were observed for the O-alkynyl tropinone oximes than the corresponding piperidinone analogues. Binding to the muscarinic sites in the heart and submandibulary glands was also observed but with lower affinities. Good M1 subtype selectivity (10-fold or greater) was observed with some oximes (26a, 28a, 32a) at the cortical sites. These oximes also attenuated scopolamine-induced impairment of the water mask task in mice. Functional assays for M3 activity on the rat aorta showed that all oximes possessed M3 agonist action but M2 agonist activity was not observed at the endothelium-denuded rabbit aorta. Analysis of the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) indicated that the Connolly surface area is an important determinant of activity, accounting for 70% of the variation in cortical binding affinity among the oximes.
Variations of the bilirubin uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase 1A1 gene in healthy Taiwanese (2000)

The activity of uridine-diphosphoglucuronosyl transferase 1 (UGT1) may influence the concentration of serum bilirubin. Because UGT1 is too labile to be measured with classical biochemical methods, we analysed the whole UGT1A1 gene in 290 healthy Taiwanese adults by using the polymerase chain reaction method, and investigated the relationship between UGT1A1 genotypes and serum bilirubin levels. The results showed that slightly more than 50% of the subjects had one or more variant sites in UGT1A1 gene. The most common variant was A(TA)6TAA/A(TA)7TAA (6/7) in the promoter area, followed by heterozygous variation within the coding region, compound heterozygous and homozygous variations. Among the four variant sites within the coding region, 211 G to A was the predominate one, 1091 C to T was a novel variation, and 686 C to A was associated with 6/7. Subjects with 6/7 or heterozygous variation within the coding region or compound heterozygous (plus one homozygous) variation had significantly higher bilirubin levels than those with wild UGT1A1 gene. When the 290 subjects were stratified into six groups according to their serum bilirubin concentrations, the bilirubin levels were correlated well to the frequencies of variant UGT1A1 gene. Our results show that there is a strong association between UGT1A1 gene and bilirubin levels in healthy Taiwanese adults. The occurrence of A(TA)7TAA allele was relatively rare and the variation rate within the coding region was much higher in Taiwanese compared to that in Caucasians.
Macroscopic Theory of Helicons (1964)

Methods for treating boundary-value problems involving helicon waves (whistlers in solids) are developed and used for infinite plates and cylinders. The magnetoplasma inside the solid is assumed to be "driven" by means of external coils, which set up an oscillatory field with sinusoidal variation along the two coordinates tangential to the surface of the sample. The results show that in surfaces parallel to the external magnetic field an unusual surface mode is present; in this mode (for small resistivities) the power absorption due to Joule heating fails to decrease as the resistivity is decreased, until the limit of anomalous skin effect is reached, in which limit the lossy mode disappears. Several remarks are made concerning the various geometrical and physical properties of helicons.
RetinaMask: A Face Mask detector (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 has affected the world seriously. One major protection method for people is to wear masks in public areas. Furthermore, many public service providers require customers to use the service only if they wear masks correctly. However, there are only a few research studies about face mask detection based on image analysis. In this paper, we propose RetinaFaceMask, which is a high-accuracy and efficient face mask detector. The proposed RetinaFaceMask is a one-stage detector, which consists of a feature pyramid network to fuse high-level semantic information with multiple feature maps, and a novel context attention module to focus on detecting face masks. In addition, we also propose a novel cross-class object removal algorithm to reject predictions with low confidences and the high intersection of union. Experiment results show that RetinaFaceMask achieves state-of-the-art results on a public face mask dataset with $2.3\%$ and $1.5\%$ higher than the baseline result in the face and mask detection precision, respectively, and $11.0\%$ and $5.9\%$ higher than baseline for recall. Besides, we also explore the possibility of implementing RetinaFaceMask with a light-weighted neural network MobileNet for embedded or mobile devices.
BORDCOMPUTER FUER KRAFTFAHRZEUGE (1979)

DER EINSATZ VON MIKROPROZESSOREN ERMOEGLICHT EINE NEUARTIGE INSTRUMENTIERUNG. NACH ABSCHLUSS EINER GEMEINSCHAFTSENTWICKLUNG VON SIEMENS UND BMV STEHT DER BORDCOMPUTER NUN VOR DER SERIENEINFUEHRUNG. IM DETAIL WERDEN DER SYSTEMAUFBAU, DIE 15 FUNKTIONEN, DIE WESENTLICHEN SOFTWARE-VERFAHREN UND DIE WICHTIGSTEN SYSTEMKOMPONENTEN WIE DIE BEDIENUNGSEINHEIT MIT TASTENFELD UND DIGITALEM DISPLAY UND DIE ZENTRALE ELEKTRONIK MIT DEM MIKROCOMPUTER SAB 8049 BESCHRIEBEN. (A*)
Ink-based Note Taking On Mobile Devices (2015)

Although touchscreen mobile phones are widely used for recording informal text notes (e.g., grocery lists, reminders and directions), the lack of efficient mechanisms for combining informal graphical content with text is a persistent challenge. \n\nIn the first part of the thesis, we present InkAnchor, a digital ink editor that allows users to easily create ink-based notes by finger sketching on a mobile phone touchscreen. InkAnchor incorporates flexible anchoring, focus-plus-context input, content chunking, and lightweight editing mechanisms to support the capture of informal notes and annotations. We describe the design and evaluation of InkAnchor through a series of user studies, which revealed that the integrated support enabled by InkAnchor is a significant improvement over current mobile note taking applications on a range of mobile note-taking tasks. \n\nThe thesis also introduces FingerTip, a shift-targeting solution to facilitate detailed drawings. Occlusion caused by users' finger on the screen and users' uncertainty of the pixel they interact with are resolved in FingerTip via shifting the actual point where inking occurs beyond the end of the user's finger. However, despite a positive first impression on the part of prospective end users, fingertip turned out only passable on the drawing experience for non-text content.\n\nCombining the results of InkAnchor and FigerTip, this thesis does demonstrate that a significant subset of mobile note taking tasks can be supported using focus+context input, and that tuning for hand drawn text input has significant value in the mobile smartphone note taking and sketch input domain.
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons (2008)

There is a convergence between cognitive models of imitation, constructs derived from social psychology studies on mimicry and empathy, and recent empirical findings from the neurosciences. The ideomotor framework of human actions assumes a common representational format for action and perception that facilitates imitation. Furthermore, the associative sequence learning model of imitation proposes that experience-based Hebbian learning forms links between sensory processing of the actions of others and motor plans. Social psychology studies have demonstrated that imitation and mimicry are pervasive, automatic, and facilitate empathy. Neuroscience investigations have demonstrated physiological mechanisms of mirroring at single-cell and neural-system levels that support the cognitive and social psychology constructs. Why were these neural mechanisms selected, and what is their adaptive advantage? Neural mirroring solves the "problem of other minds" (how we can access and understand the minds of others) and makes intersubjectivity possible, thus facilitating social behavior.
The Chemistry of Acrylonitrile. V. Cyanoethylation of Aldehydes (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Acrylonitrile. V. Cyanoethylation of AldehydesHerman Alexander Bruson and Thomas W. RienerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 1, 56–58Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01229a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01229a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Glucose on Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-4 Proteolysis (1998)

The role of hyperglycemia in diabetic changes of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) has not been clearly established. We therefore determined whether glucose modulates IGFBP synthesis and stability in vitro. Porcine vascular smooth muscle cells (pSMC) cultured in low glucose (pSMC-L) had 2.1-fold more IGFBP-4 in the conditioned medium compared with pSMC cultured in high glucose (pSMC-H) (P < 0.01). In contrast, IGFBP-2 levels remained constant. Although pSMC-H and pSMC-L cultures expressed similar levels of IGFBP-4 messenger RNA, in vitro protease assays demonstrated an increase in IGFBP-4 proteolysis in pSMC-H conditioned medium compared with pSMC-L conditioned medium (P < 0.01). The protease had properties similar to a previously characterized IGFBP-4 protease. The addition of 20 mm mannitol to pSMC-L cultures did not decrease IGFBP-4 levels, suggesting that the difference in IGFBP-4 proteolysis was not osmotically induced. The change was not due to selection bias, because cultures that were initially isolated from aortic explants in high and low glucose still exhibited the glucose-dependent difference in IGFBP-4 proteolytic activity. The results suggest that high glucose acts on pSMC to induce a change in IGFBP-4 proteolytic activity, which results in increased IGF-I availability to its receptors thereby enhancing the SMC proliferative response.
The Problem of Unemployment in the United States: A Survey of 60 Years of National and State Policy Initiatives (1993)

In the context of four types of unemployment, 23 federally initiated programs spanning six decades are critically surveyed in terms of their effectiveness at reducing unemployment. In addition, this article examines the ongoing policy debates raised by the myriad of programs and the linkage of recent research on the nature of unemployment to policy issues. Since the responsibility for formulating employment policies has significantly shifted from national to state and local government over the last decade, the evolution of state policy in this area is also surveyed and contrasted with its historical national counterpart.
Noncommunicable Disease (NCDs) Burden of Bangladesh (2012)

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i1.12353 Birdem Med J 2012; 2(1) 3
ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PREGNANCY: Gestational diabetes mellitus: definition, aetiological and clinical aspects (2015)

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is defined as a glucose intolerance resulting in hyperglycaemia of variable severity with onset during pregnancy. This review aims to revisit the pathogenesis and aetiology of GDM in order to better understand its clinical presentation and outcomes. During normal pregnancy, insulin sensitivity declines with advancing gestation. These modifications are due to placental factors, progesterone and estrogen. In a physiological situation, a compensatory increase in insulin secretion maintains a normal glucose homeostasis. GDM occurs if pancreatic β-cells are unable to face the increased insulin demand during pregnancy. GDM is most commonly a forerunner of type 2 diabetes (T2D) - the most prevalent form of diabetes. These women share similar characteristics with predisposed subjects to T2D: insulin resistance before and after pregnancy, and carry more T2D risk alleles. Auto-immune and monogenic diabetes are more rare aetiologies of GDM. Adverse pregnancy outcomes of GDM are mainly related to macrosomia caused by fetal hyperinsulinism in response to high glucose levels coming from maternal hyperglycaemia. Screening recommendations and diagnosis criteria of GDM have been recently updated. High risk patients should be screened as early as possible using fasting plasma glucose, and if normal, at 24-28 weeks of gestation using 75 g oral glucose tolerance test. The treatment of GDM is based on education with trained nurses and dieticians, and if necessary insulin therapy.
Memory Access Scheduling for a Smart TV (2015)

A smart TV system-on-chip (SoC) has very heavy computation and memory demands that must be met with low-cost components. As a result, there is potentially an extremely high utilization of the channel between the SoC and its memory chip. This paper presents the design of a new memory access scheduler customized for the type of memory traffic typically encountered with smart TVs. This includes special accumulated hard real-time graphics requirements, user response-sensitive soft real-time requirements, and the need to provide high memory throughput and priority-handling capabilities even under extremely heavy memory traffic conditions. The simulation results show that the proposed memory access scheduler is able to achieve up to 98% of the ideal upper bound memory throughput when faced with extremely heavy memory traffic-this is a significant improvement over previous schedulers. Novel future prediction and light-handed priority handling methods are used to achieve these results while satisfying the unique real-time requirements of smart TVs.
Bandwidth Enhanced Multimode Fiber with Multi-singlemode Cores (2007)

By designing multi-cores across the fiber core area, the fiber only supports fundamental mode or fewer modes propagation. Therefore, the modal dispersion of the fiber has been suppressed and the bandwidth is greatly enhanced.