gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hidden Markov Model Induction by Bayesian Model Merging (1992)

This paper describes a technique for learning both the number of states and the topology of Hidden Markov Models from examples. The induction process starts with the most specific model consistent with the training data and generalizes by successively merging states. Both the choice of states to merge and the stopping criterion are guided by the Bayesian posterior probability. We compare our algorithm with the Baum-Welch method of estimating fixed-size models, and find that it can induce minimal HMMs from data in cases where fixed estimation does not converge or requires redundant parameters to converge. 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are a well-studied approach to the modelling of sequence data. HMMs can be viewed as a stochastic generalization of finite-state automata, where both the transitions between states and the generation of output symbols are governed by probability distributions. HMMs have been important in speech recognition (Rabiner &amp; Juan...
On Locating Loss Links of Signaling Messages in SIP-Based Services (2009)

The number of SIP-based services provided by network service providers (NSPs) is increasing. SIP allows NSPs to collect the information on traffic control and charging fees for their customer communications. Monitoring SIP signaling messages (exchanged between SIP servers and user terminals) is vital for providing stable SIP-based services. One of the keys to monitoring SIP messages is quickly to determine a fault location where SIP messages are lost. If network operators can determine that there is a fault location somewhere between SIP nodes, they can quickly treat with the fault. The existing methods require abundant computing resources to support these procedures because of inspecting all the SIP messages. This paper proposes a lightweight method for determining the location of SIP message loss by focusing on the retransmission mechanism of SIP messages. Analyzing the retransmission mechanism, we reveal that the proposed method can determine the fault location by counting the number of the retransmitted messages on the limited SIP messages. The evaluation with a mathematical model shows that the proposed method can locate loss links of SIP messages with a sufficiently low probability of failure.
A multi-tank LC-oscillator (2005)

This paper proposes a novel oscillator topology in which N LC tanks are coupled by active transconductors. Phase noise is shown to scale down by N, at the expense of higher power dissipation and area consumption. This topology allows us to trade-off noise and power beyond the practical limits dictated by conventional LC tank oscillators. The theoretical analysis is supported by behavioral and transistor-level simulations.
Propagating Holmboe waves at the interface between two immiscible fluids (1994)

The instability of the surface of discontinuity separating two streams of immiscible constant-density fluids is studied experimentally and theoretically near onset when surface tension effects are significant. Following Thorpe's original idea, a tube filled with two immiscible fluids is tilted at an angle and returned to its horizontal position to produce a nearly constant velocity difference between both streams that can be varied continuously across threshold. In order to control the wavenumber near onset, the flow is spatially forced by periodically distributing small obstacles on the upper side of the tank. When the kinematic viscosities of each fluid are nearly equal, ones observes two counter-propagating waves of equal amplitude, which cannot be explained from a vortex sheet model. A linear stability analysis of a density discontinuity embedded within a piecewise-linear velocity profile demonstrates that such waves are Holmboe modes associated with the diffusive layers above and below the interface. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and predicted values of the critical velocity difference, propagation velocity and growth factors of the waves. The instability analysis of the asymmetric velocity profile reveals that the breaking of reflectional symmetry gives rise to a single propagating wave near onset. When the kinematic viscosities of each fluid differ, the first destabilized wave is observed to propagate in the same direction as the less-viscous fluid, in agreement with the theoretical results, and the dominant direction of propagation can be manipulated by adjusting the viscosities accordingly.
Effect of Ambient Pressure on the Smoke Point of Olefines. (1993)

Under atmospheric pressure, the tendency of members of unsaturated series to smoke generally decreases with the number of carbon atoms. The effect of ambient pressure on the smoke point has been studied to explore the tendency of alkene fuels to smoke at high pressures. A wick lamp used in this experiment is standardized by JIS. The smoke point was determined for several alkene fuels under various ambient pressures from 0.2 MPa to 1.35 MPa. It has been found that the dependence of ambient pressure on the smoke point of alkene fuels is almost the same as in the case of alkane fuels. That is, as the ambient pressure increases, the smoke point decreases sharply up to the pressure of 0.5 MPa, beyond which it decreases gradually. However the effect of ambient pressure on the smoke point of alkenes is not very strong compared with that of alkanes. In alkenes, the smoke point takes the maximum value with a certain number of carbon atoms at ambient pressures of 0.3 MPa and above. In light of this finding, it can be concluded that there may exist a number of carbon atoms at which the tendency to smoke is minimized in alkenes.
Interactive Voice Modifiable 3D Dynamic Object Based Movies over the Internet. (2004)

In this paper, we describe an XML based 3D-Voice Enabled Single Transmission Multiple Display Multimedia Language (3D-VE STMDML) model and its implementation. We describe 3D-scenes, mesh based 3D objects, integration of 2D and 3D objects, object animations with collision avoidance, and voice based animation control. This model has been used to download object based movies over the Internet, dynamically modify the existing movies using voice interaction in real time, and retransmit the modified movies to others over the Internet. The performance analysis shows that voice-based modification to objects in a scene is done in real time.
Extrinsic contributions to the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of Pb0.99[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98Nb0.02]O3 thin films on Si and Ni substrates (2020)

The character of extrinsic contributions to the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of Pb0.99[(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98Nb0.02]O3 (PZT) films on Ni foil and Si wafers was explored using Rayleigh analysis, third harmonic phase angle, and Preisach analysis from 15 K to 296 K. The temperature dependence of the domain structure, domain wall mobility, and domain switching influenced the intrinsic, extrinsic, and secondary contributions to the pyroelectric coefficients. This, in turn, produced markedly different room temperature pyroelectric coefficients of ∼250 μC/m2 K and ∼100 μC/m2 K, respectively, for films on Ni and Si. At room temperature, the dielectric irreversible Rayleigh parameter αray was 15.5 ± 0.1 and 28.4 ± 1.6 cm/kV for PZT on Si and Ni, respectively. The higher αray value for the Ni sample suggests more domain wall motion at room temperature, which was attributed to the lower stiffness on the Ni foil compared to the ∼500 μm thick Si substrate. Below 200 K, αray for the PZT Si sample exceeds that of the Ni/PZT sample. This is believed to arise from differences in the energy landscape of pinning centers for the domain wall motion. It is proposed that the residual stresses not only set the preferred domain structures but also the barrier heights for domain wall motion and domain switching.
The Predicted Candidates of Arabidopsis Plastid Inner Envelope Membrane Proteins and Their Expression Profiles, (2002)

Plastid envelope proteins from the Arabidopsis nuclear genome were predicted using computational methods. Selection criteria were: first, to find proteins with NH(2)-terminal plastid-targeting peptides from all annotated open reading frames from Arabidopsis; second, to search for proteins with membrane-spanning domains among the predicted plastidial-targeted proteins; and third, to subtract known thylakoid membrane proteins. Five hundred forty-one proteins were selected as potential candidates of the Arabidopsis plastid inner envelope membrane proteins (AtPEM candidates). Only 34% (183) of the AtPEM candidates could be assigned to putative functions based on sequence similarity to proteins of known function (compared with the 69% function assignment of the total predicted proteins in the genome). Of the 183 candidates with assigned functions, 40% were classified in the category of "transport facilitation," indicating that this collection is highly enriched in membrane transporters. Information on the predicted proteins, tissue expression data from expressed sequence tags and microarrays, and publicly available T-DNA insertion lines were collected. The data set complements proteomic-based efforts in the increased detection of integral membrane proteins, low-abundance proteins, or those not expressed in tissues selected for proteomic analysis. Digital northern analysis of expressed sequence tags suggested that the transcript levels of most AtPEM candidates were relatively constant among different tissues in contrast to stroma and the thylakoid proteins. However, both digital northern and microarray analyses identified a number of AtPEM candidates with tissue-specific expression patterns.
Clinical research for patient empowerment--a qualitative approach on the improvement of heart health promotion in chronic illness. (2008)

Facilitating empowerment in a clinical research project is ethically essential and can positively enhance self-care-oriented, disease-specific skills in patients with severe chronic diseases. Clinical research may open up new avenues to additionally strengthen patient sovereignty in interdisciplinary health sciences.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a 14‐Membered Polyketide Lactone. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semisynthesis of an Analogue of Antitumor Bicyclic Hexapeptide RA-VII by Fixing the Ala-2/Tyr-3 Bond to <i>Cis</i> by Incorporating a Triazole <i>cis</i>-Amide Bond Surrogate (2004)

We prepared an analogue of an antitumor bicyclic hexapeptide RA-VII whose amide configuration between residues 2 and 3 was fixed to cis by incorporating a triazole cis-amide bond surrogate. This analogue was shown, by NMR studies, to take almost the same conformation as that of the minor conformer of RA-VII. It showed no cytotoxic activity.
Diamond disc preparation of polished thin sections for electron microprobe analysis (1965)

Grinding is carried out on diamond discs and polishing uses diamond slurry on polyethylene film in a vibratory polisher. Automatic equipment is used for slow stages. The section is thinned by two-step diamond-disc grinding.
Application of genotyping in study of Candida spp. (2009)

The prevalence of clinical Candida spp.infection has been rising year by year,especially for the Candida albicans.Due to the characteristics of convenience,high resolution and reproducibility,genotyping techniques have been extensively applied,and have become effective tools for epidemiological research of Candida spp..Genotyping techniques include multilocus enzyme electrophoresis,DNA fingerprinting techniques such as restriction fragment length polymorphism and randomly amplified polymorphism DNA,pulsed field electrophoresis and novel techniques such as single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis,multilocus sequence typing and DNA microarrays.In this paper,the main genotyping techniques are described and their clincal applications are introduced.
Design and Analysis of Robust and Adaptive Organizations (2001)

The objectives of this paper are to: (i) define and classify the process of strategy and structural adaptation of organizations to mission and environmental changes; (ii) apply our modified design methodology to construct robust and adaptive organizations; and (iii) analyze the effects of changes in mission and organizational parameters on the organization's performance.We analyze the performance of organizations using dynamic metrics, including a measure of congruence of a given organization with respect to an organization optimally matched to a mission, as well as the DM activity and task workload as a function of time.Our previously developed mission modeling and three-phase organizational design methodology allowed one to overcome the computational complexity and to synthesize an organization via an iterative solution of a sequence of smaller and well-defined optimization problems [G.Levchuk et al., 2000a&b].This paper extends this methodology to design robust and adaptive organizations.
Dietary Sodium Restriction Rapidly Improves Large Elastic Artery Compliance in Older Adults With Systolic Hypertension (2004)

We determined the temporal effects of dietary sodium restriction on large elastic artery compliance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in 12 untreated, older (64+/-2 years) men and women (6 each) with stage 1 systolic hypertension. After baseline measurements subjects were assigned to 4 weeks of low or normal sodium intake (randomized, crossover design). Urinary sodium excretion was reduced by 60% by the end of week 1 of sodium restriction (54+/-11 mmol/d, P<0.01) versus baseline (135+/-14). Compared with baseline (0.11+/-0.01 mm/mm Hg), carotid artery compliance was increased by 27% (to 0.14+/-0.02, P<0.05) at the end of week 1 of sodium restriction, attaining peak levels by week 2 (+46%, to 0.16+/-0.02, P<0.01). Similarly, supine resting brachial artery SBP was reduced by >5 mm Hg by week 1 of sodium restriction, attaining peak reductions by week 2 (-12 mm Hg, P<0.01 versus baseline). The 24-hour ambulatory SBP was approximately 3 mm Hg lower at week 1 of sodium restriction and approximately 6 mm Hg lower by week 2 (P<0.01 versus baseline). The reductions in resting SBP from baseline to week 2 of sodium restriction were strongly related to the corresponding increases in carotid compliance (r=0.80, P<0.01). Urinary sodium excretion, carotid artery compliance, and SBP were not different during normal sodium intake versus baseline. Other subject characteristics were not different across conditions. Sodium restriction rapidly improves large elastic artery compliance in older adults with stage 1 systolic hypertension. These improvements in central arterial compliance appear to be a key mechanism in the rapid normalization of SBP by sodium restriction in these patients.
The management of behavioural disturbance in the elderly (2002)

Behavioural disturbances are patterns of behaviour that are socially inappropriate and result in negative effects, either for the patient or for others. Behavioural symptoms cause significant morbidity to patients, carers and medical and paramedical staff. For the patient, they may result in distress, physical harm, inappropriate restraint or sedation, and institutionalisation. Behavioural symptoms have been described as the primary predictor of caregiver burden and cause of negative feelings by carers to their dependents. The aim of evaluation should be to diagnose and treat potentially treatable causes and identify and manage possible contributing factors and consequences. A sudden decline in the behaviour of an elderly person may indicate delirium, an important differential diagnosis. Interventions should be tailored to the specific behaviour and to the patient's location. Many disturbed behaviours are multifactorial in origin and a multidisciplinary approach is required to manage them. (author abstract)
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Catecholborane with Wilkinson′s Catalyst: Implications for Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Hydroborations of Alkenes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Studies of the Reduction of Daunomycin with Sodium Borohydride. Formation and Reaction of Borate Esters. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Flutrimazole 1% Dermal Cream in the Treatment of Dermatomycoses: A Multicentre, Double-Blind, Randomized, Comparative Clinical Trial with Bifonazole 1% Cream (1995)

One percent flutrimazole applied topically once a day in the treatment of fungal infections of the skin presents a better efficacy than bifonazole and a good tolerability.
A parametric technique for superresolution image reconstruction (2002)

A model-based approach for superresolution signal reconstruction from noisy bandlimited Fourier data is proposed. The approach combines the virtues of parametric and nonparametric techniques by maximum-likelihood fitting of the data by a mixture of exponentials and smooth basis functions. Performance bounds are derived and analyzed, and a model computationally efficient algorithm is described. The performance of the algorithm in simulations closely matches the bounds over a wide range of operating conditions. Overall, the reconstructions are far superior to those obtained by traditional Fourier transform processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Single Leaf and Whole Canopy Gas Exchange Rates of Tomato and Soybean throughout Stand Development (1996)

The relationship between whole canopy and single leaf measurements of gas exchange has not been well documented. Two experiments were conducted in the Biomass Production Chamber at Kennedy Space Center (20-m 2 growing area) to compare whole canopy versus single leaf net carbon assimilation rate (A net ) measurement of a stand of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Reimann Philipp) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Hoyt]. Both crops were grown under a 12/12 hour photoperiod under HPS lamps at PPF of 800 (mol·m –2 ·s –1 , at 26/22°C (light/dark), and constant 65% RH for 90 days. CO 2 concentration was controlled to 1200 (mol·mol –1 during the light cycle. Midday measurements of A net of single leaves were obtained weekly from upper canopy leaves using a portable photosynthesis system. Whole canopy measurements of A net were calculated daily from CO 2 addition data obtained at 5-minute intervals by the BPC monitoring and control system. Single leaf rates exceeded whole canopy rates prior to full canopy coverage then averaged 0.63 of whole canopy for both species during the period of full canopy coverage. Results suggest that reliable estimates of canopy gas exchange can be obtained from single leaf measurements under relatively constant environment conditions.
Combining Information Sources for Video Retrieval (2003)

The previous video track results demonstrated that it is far from trivial to take advantage of multiple modalities for the video retrieval search task. For almost any query, results based on ASR transcripts have been better than any other run. This year’s main success in our runs is that a combination of ASR and visual performs better than either alone! In addition we experimented with dynamic shot models, combining topic examples, feature extraction and interactive search.
Severity and timing of progression predict refractoriness to transarterial chemoembolization in hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

SP-free survival can be regarded as an end-point for TACE refractoriness. Development of progression or need for three sessions of TACE within the first 6 months could be predictive of TACE refractoriness.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorylated 1,4‐Benzoquinone Hydrazones. (1988)

Abstract p‐Benzoquinone (I) is coupled with the phosphorohydrazidates (II) at room temperature to give the monohydrazones (III) which isomerizes, producing the azo compounds (IV).
Demultiplexing using an arrayed-waveguide grating for frequency-interleaved DWDM radio-on-fiber systems with 25-GHz channel spacing (2002)

We experimentally demonstrate a demultiplexing scheme for the frequency-interleaved dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) radio-on-fiber system using an arrayed-waveguide grating (AWG). We first show the principle of the frequency-interleaved DWDM radio-on-fiber and possible configurations of multiplexing and demultiplexing (DEMUX) schemes using an AWG. In the experiment, 25-GHz separated 2-channel optical double sideband signals modulated by a 60-GHz millimeter-wave carrying a 156 Mbps data are optically multiplexed by frequency interleaving. The power penalty after DEMUX, which was due to interchannel interference, was less than 0.5 dB. We also made a transmission experiment in 25-km standard single mode fiber (SMF). No noticeable power penalty in the received data due to transmission was observed. This is because carrier and only one of the sidebands are detected in the proposed DEMUX scheme.
In-situ monitoring of LNAPL degradation using the SCAPS optical cone penetrometer system (1997)

To provide high resolution, real-time, in-situ measurements of petroleum hydrocarbon bioremediation, we have been exploring techniques for use with the Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) site screening system. The SCAPS system uses a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) probe coupled with a cone penetrometer truck to make in-situ, subsurface measurements of petroleum, oils and lubricants (POLs). SCAPS monitoring of bioremediation is a new application, and is based on the premise that the distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) within the POL changes over time as organisms preferentially degrade the lighter PAHs, resulting in a shift of the fluorescence emission spectrum to longer wavelengths. Fluorescence measurements using petroleum that has been degraded in a controlled biodegradation experiment confirm the systematic shifts in the emission spectra towards longer wavelengths with increasing degradation. A similar trend has been observed in field measurements at a known POL site. Data from SCAPS field operations show similar spectral shifts at the edge of the plume, and soil samples confirm that PAH degradation is preferentially occurring at these locations.
Protons in Acceptor-Doped La[sub 3]NbO[sub 7] and La[sub 3]TaO[sub 7] (2009)

The conductivity of A- (Ca and Sr) and B-site (Ti) acceptor doped and has been characterized by means of constant frequency measurements and ac impedance spectroscopy in the temperature range of , and as a function of the partial pressures of oxygen and water vapor. Effects of H–D isotope shifts on the total conductivity and concentration cell measurements were applied to determine the predominating charge carriers in the system. The conductivity is mainly protonic under wet conditions at low temperatures, whereas oxide ion and electronic conduction gradually take over at higher temperatures. Electron holes (p-type conductivity) predominate under oxidizing conditions for the Ca- and Sr-doped materials. The Ti-doped material is an n-type conductor under reducing conditions. The conductivity behavior is explained with bases in point defect chemistry under the assumption that oxygen vacancies and protons charge compensate the acceptors. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for the different systems are derived.