gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical mixing effect and modulation instability in a dispersion decreasing fibre operating with picosecond light pulses (2005)

A numerical investigation into the propagation of ultrashort light pulses in the region of 1.55 µm was conducted and the conversion efficiency (CE) in four-wave mixing (FWM) generation of ordinary and dispersion decreasing fibres for use in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems was investigated. The simulation studied six different profiles: linear, hyperbolic, Gaussian, logarithm, exponential and constant. For all the studied profiles there was a decrease in conversion efficiency with an increase in channel separation. The CE for the hyperbolic profile is around 103 times larger in magnitude compared with the constant, logarithm and linear profiles at 0.2 nm. Modulation instability was observed during the FWM signal propagation. Typically, a frequency of modulation Δ fMAX≃8 GHz at the beginning of the propagation of the mixing signal (15 km) was obtained. For the Gaussian profile, where the modulation instability (MI) is more efficient, and for a long propagation, the MI is growing and more frequency satellites are present. It is concluded that with the use of decreasing dispersion profile (DDF) fibres, control of the CE and the compression factor of FWM generation in WDM systems can be achieved.
Evolving and practicing PBL teaching to set up new mode of oral histopathologic teaching (2007)

Problem-based learning(PBL) teaching is a way of student-centered learning which is based on problems and guided by teachers.At present,PBL teaching has many disadvantages in our country:the too large proportion of teachers' explanation,the insufficient organic fusion between PBL teaching and various other teaching methods,the fairly limited application range,no enough fulfillment of complete set of reform measures,the defection of scientifically efficient appreciation systems,the shortage of teachers qualified for the PBL teaching and the changes of students' learning habits.According to our experience of PBL teaching in oral histopathologic courses,the authors have summarized the improvement measures of PBL teaching:the problems of PBL cases design,the improvement of scientifically efficient evaluation systems,the enhancement of teachers' quality,increasing the time in which students study and discuss themselves.
Examination of the Computed Molecular Properties of Compounds Selected for Clinical Development (2003)

We have conducted a systematic evaluation of the calculated molecular properties of compounds in clinical development and have found that the development process selects for compounds that have certain computed physical properties. In particular, as the stage of development progresses, compounds that are advanced have lower calculated octanollwater partition coefficient (ClogP), polar surface area, and molecular weight. The findings of this study provide guidance for combinatorial library design and lead selection, which may enhance the chance for ultimate success in lead optimization.
Laboratory Determination of Anisotropic Aggregate Resilient Moduli Using an Innovative Test Device (1999)

The importance of anisotropic aggregate behavior is presently not considered in material characterization for pavement design because of the lack of proper laboratory equipment and testing capabilities. A newly acquired, innovative triaxial testing machine, referred to as the University of Illinois FastCell (UI-FC), was used to determine in the laboratory the anisotropic resilient properties of granular materials. Since the UI-FC permits stresses to be cycled independently in the vertical and horizontal directions, it is ideally suited for simulating dynamic stresses on a sample and for studying the effects of anisotropic stress-path-dependent aggregate behavior. Preliminary results obtained from four aggregates tested using UI-FC indicated definite directional dependency (anisotropy) of aggregate moduli. The resilient moduli computed in the vertical and radial directions varied pronouncedly with the applied stress states. However, when the same procedure was used to test a synthetic specimen having isotropic material properties, the axial and radial stiffnesses computed from the measured resilient deformations remained unchanged. The vertical moduli were typically higher than the horizontal moduli for most aggregates tested, except for a sandy gravel having a significant amount of fines. The testing procedures that were followed, that is, the order of vertical and horizontal pulsing on the specimens, also seemed to influence the computed anisotropic moduli. More anisotropic testing of this nature should be undertaken to investigate the directional dependency of aggregate stiffnesses.
Direct Detection Differential Absorption LIDAR for Multi-Species Atmospheric Sensing in the 2-µm Range (2016)

International audience
Pathologic predictors of early local recurrence in stage I and II breast cancer treated by primary radiation therapy (1984)

Thirty-four gross and histologic features of the primary tumor in 231 cases of clinical Stage I and II invasive breast cancer were reviewed in an attempt to identify features which might correlate with an increased risk of local recurrence within the breast following biopsy and primary radiation therapy. Local recurrence risk at 5 years was calculated for each feature studied. While results are reported in terms of 5-year actuarial local recurrence risk, not all patients were followed for 5 years (median follow-up period, 44 months). Patients with cases in which the biopsy was less than excisional had a considerably greater actuarial risk of local recurrence at 5 years than those in which the biopsy was excisional (36% versus 8%; P = 0.0005). Among 154 infiltrating ductal carcinomas treated by excisional biopsy prior to radiotherapy, histologic features associated with a significantly increased local recurrence risk at 5 years were the combination of extensive intraductal involvement by carcinoma and high nuclear grade and/or high mitotic index. Twenty-seven tumors demonstrated this constellation of features, and there was a 5-year actuarial local recurrence risk of 39% among this group. The local recurrence risk for the remainder of the population was only 4% (P less than 0.0001). Thus, through pathologic examination of the primary, the authors identified a subgroup of patients with a considerably increased risk of local recurrence following biopsy and primary radiotherapy.
Inverse Relationship of Perinatal Complications and Eye Tracking Dysfunction in Relatives of Patients With Schizophrenia: Evidence for a Two-Factor Model (1998)

These results support a two-factor model in which obstetrical complications often interact with genetic liability, indicated by eye tracking dysfunction, to produce schizophrenia.
Multiview image compression using a layer-based representation (2010)

We propose a novel compression method for multiview images. The algorithm exploits the layer-based representation, which partitions the data set into planar layers characterized by a constant depth value. For efficient compression, the partitioned data is decorrelated using the separable three-dimensional wavelet transform across the viewpoint and spatial dimensions. The transform is modified to efficiently deal with occlusions and disparity variations for different depths. The generated transform coefficients are entropy coded. Experimental results show that our coding method is capable of outperforming the state-of-the-art algorithms, like H.264/AVC, for different data sets.
Acid-catalyzed rearrangements of the dihydroxyacetone side chain in steroids during ketal exchange (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid-catalyzed rearrangements of the dihydroxyacetone side chain in steroids during ketal exchangeKenneth B. Sloan, Roy J. Little, and Nicholas BodorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 17, 3405–3408Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00411a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00411a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetic Studies of Liquid Crystalline and Isotropic Vinyl Ester Resins (2004)

Abstract Summary: The curing process of a commercial vinyl ester (VE) resin was characterized by calorimetric and spectroscopic techniques. A phenomenological kinetic model, experienced in previous studies, was employed to describe the proceeding of curing reactions. The model is able to describe the behavior of the processing variables, i.e. rate and degree of the reaction, during the curing of the resin under different conditions (heating rates). The effect of diffusion control phenomena on the reaction kinetics, associated with the evolution of the glass transition temperature as a function of the degree of polymerization and cross‐linking, was taken into account in the formulation of the kinetic model. A simpler model was proposed and verified for a liquid crystalline vinyl ester resin, synthesized by the authors. The model, in particular, did not take into account the effects of vitrification. The kinetic parameters were again evaluated by processing the calorimetric data. The kinetic study of the liquid crystalline monomer is performed after isotropization and therefore, the acceleration effect, associated with the cure in liquid crystalline phase is not taken into account for the kinetic analysis. Also in this case, the comparison between theoretical and experimental data was very satisfying. Experimental (full line) and predicted data (dotted line) of degree of reaction vs. time for the vinyl ester resin. magnified image Experimental (full line) and predicted data (dotted line) of degree of reaction vs. time for the vinyl ester resin.
CSF and serum ganglioside antibody patterns in MS (1992)

The authors determined CSF and serum IgG and IgM antibodies to seven gangliosides in 48 patients with multiple sclerosis. Differing ganglioside antibody patterns in CSF but not serum allowed to reclassify 93% of MS patients correctly when compared to patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome or neuroborreliosis. This suggest that the antibody patterns are neither random nor alike in inflammatory diseases of the nervous system. CSF ganglioside antibody titres were found to be different for patients with relapsing remitting (RRMS; n = 35) and chronic progressive (CPMS; n = 13) multiple sclerosis. Our study reveals characteristic ganglioside antibody patterns in MS and confirms previous evidence of disturbed immunoregulation in MS.
Cortical areas mediating stereopsis in the human brain: a PET study (2002)

Using PET, we investigated the neural substrates of stereodepth perception in humans. The presentation of Julesz-type random-dot stereograms (RDS) produced significant rCBF elevations in Brodmann areas (BA) 18, 19 and 7, all in the right hemisphere. Activation foci were also found in both middle temporal areas (MT). These results demonstrate that, as in primates, cortical area MT and extrastriate areas are central to stereovision and that a network of predominant right hemispheric regions is recruited to meet visuo-spatial processing demands associated with horizontal binocular disparity inputs.
Development of a runout table cooling system for a hot strip mill (1995)

Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd, has developed a new control system for the runout table cooling in the hot strip mill at Kashima Steel Works. The new features are an over-head water tank, pipe laminar headers via two pipes, spray cooling headers for thin strips, and a high performance process computer. This system operates with a model that precisely predicts the strip temperature. The system has increased the automatic operation ratio of the coiling temperature control, and has significantly improved the coiling temperature accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROENOL 3‐HYDROXY‐4‐NITRO‐5‐PHENYL‐3‐PYRROLIN‐2‐ON UND SEIN REAKTIVER METHYLAETHER (1970)

Abstract β‐Nitro‐styrol (I) reagiert mit Ammoniak zu einem 2:1‐Addukt (II); ein 1:l‐Addukt konnte nicht erhalten werden.
Neutron diffraction and the structure of amorphous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.95</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

Neutron diffraction measurements have been performed on amorphous ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.95}$${\mathrm{Tb}}_{0.05}$ and crystalline Ni. Thick dc-sputtered films of the amorphous alloy were prepared by high-rate triode magnetron sputtering into liquid-nitrogen-cooled substrates. The contributions of structural and thermal disorder to the first-neighbor radial distribution function were obtained using the crystalline Ni results along with corrections for finite ${Q}_{\mathrm{max}}$. The results indicate a Ni-Ni first-neighbor structural disorder whose width, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$/r${\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}_{1}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}3%, is substantially lower than values suggested for amorphous metals. Comparisons with theoretical models of the pair distribution function of a-Ni and a-Fe based on relaxed dense random-packed structures indicate good agreement with the results of Heimendahl. Density measurements have yielded the packing fraction for a-${\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.95}$${\mathrm{Tb}}_{0.05}$. Extrapolation of this value has allowed an estimate of the packing fraction of pure a-Ni to be obtained. The results indicate a density greater than the maximum for a hard-sphere, dense random-packing model, but significantly below that of crystalline values found in some relaxed models.
Design optimization of coaxial antennas for hepatic microwave ablation using genetic algorithms (2008)

We present a method for optimizing antenna designs for hepatic microwave ablation using computer models and mathematical optimization algorithms. We illustrate the usefulness of this technique by optimizing several choke antenna designs using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The optimization procedure yields antennas that produce spherical ablation zones up to 4.6 cm in diameter.
Cosolvent-free sol–gel synthesis of rare-earth and aluminum codoped monolithic silica glasses (2013)

A cosolvent-free sol–gel method to synthesize monolithic silica glasses containing both of rare-earth and aluminum ions has been studied. Fracture during drying and bloating during sintering are significantly suppressed by forming macroporous wet gels via macroscopic phase separation in parallel with gelation. The resultant rare-earth and aluminum codoped silica glasses exhibit good visible transparency, suggesting an improvement of dispersion of rare-earth ions in these glasses. The aluminum codoping increases the photoluminescence efficiency in glasses doped with Nd3+ ions.
Comparison of the Results of Four Users of a Contemporary CAD/CAM System (2007)

The objective of this study was to investigate the variation of measurements recorded when four different users of the TracerCAD system trace a model of known dimensions and volume. This complements a previous study where the accuracy and consistency of a single user was measured. Landmarks were added to indicate proximal, distal, anterior, medial and lateral regions of a specially manufactured cylindrical nylon 6.6 model. Four circumferential lines were added at regular intervals along the length of the cylinder with a view to calculating diameters and volumes relative to these landmarks. The model was measured using a comparator with guaranteed accuracy to one hundredth of a millimetre, and was traced using the TracerCAD system by four different users. The difference in mean volume between measured results and TracerCAD scans of differing users ranged to -3%. Individual trace volumes varied by up to -7.85%. In all volumes measured, 11 out of 12 maximum volume percentage differences measured greater than 2%, and of these, seven results showed maximum volume percentage difference to measure greater than 4%.
CubeSat based sensors for global weather forecasting (2013)

Summary form only given. The positive impact of passive microwave observations of tropospheric temperature, water vapor, and surface variables on short term weather forecasts has been clearly demonstrated in recent error growth studies. However, current-era spaceborne passive microwave sensors remain singularly expensive and risky components of global weather forecast systems, while at the same time offer only limited temporal sampling capabilities. A fleet of small, low-cost satellite microwave sensors has the potential to provide reduced system cost and risk while simultaneously improving the time sampling of rapidly evolving weather. In an effort to study the potential of such a fleet the University of Colorado is developing the first low-cost CubeSat-based passive microwave sounder for demonstration as an element of a larger fleet of sounders for weather forecasting. The PolarCube satellite is an 8-channel 118-GHz temperature sounder providing ~15 km spatial resolution from an orbital altitude of ~350 km. It is based on a spin-scanned concept using the CU ALL STAR 3U CubeSat bus with a two point calibration method using a warm load and cold space. The development of the radiometer payload and bus are led by student teams at CU using low cost components. A launch into a sun-synchronous orbit for evaluation of polar sounding and imaging capabilities is tentatively scheduled for late 2013. The 3U to 6U CubeSat envelope is well suited to passive microwave imaging at frequencies at approximately V-band and higher due to the available aperture size and anticipated orbital altitudes for CubeSats. The use of redundant satellites within a fleet launched either in groups or as single payloads will moreover provide enhanced temporal resolution previously attainable using only geostationary concepts. While data communications to such fleets will likely require relay satellites at higher altitudes it is envisioned that the available orbital lifetimes without propellant boost will require fleet replenishment at rates modest enough for reduced operational system costs as well as facilitate regular technology infusion into sensing, navigation, data, and control electronics. In this presentation the design characteristics of the PolarCube satellite will be discussed, along with the ramifications of the CubeSat envelope restrictions on the cost, sampling characteristics, scanning capabilities, communications requirements, and expected measurement precision of a CubeSat passive microwave fleet.
A 400-GHz Octagonal-Slotted Dielectric Resonator Antenna with 10 dBi Gain in 0.13-μm CMOS SOI (2020)

This paper presents the design of a 400-GHz integrated dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) in 0.13-μm CMOS SOI technology. A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity type on-chip antenna is loaded with complementary open-loop octagonal-shape slot resonator to enhance the gain and radiation efficiency of the antenna. A low dielectric constant Teflon substrate and a high permittivity ceramic substrate are stacked on the antenna to further improve the directivity and radiation efficiency. The proposed antenna shows a peak gain of 10 dBi and radiation efficiency 55% at 400 GHz in full-wave simulation. The overall antenna has a compact size of 0.88 × 0.88mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Inside Cover: Electrochemical Conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into Negative Electrode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries (ChemElectroChem 2/2015) (2014)

This inside cover picture represents the conversion of CO2 to amorphous carbon and oxygen by using a Pt anode and a tungsten cathode. Solar energy can be utilized for the requested renewable energy sources during electrolysis. The obtained amorphous carbon in the cathode can be used for negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries, whereas the oxygen can be vented to the atmosphere, as explained by S. Jiao et al. p. 224.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds from the Reactions of Monosubstituted Ozonides with Stable Phosphonium Ylides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Phenols to Hydroxybenzaldehydes and Benzoquinones with Dioxygen Catalyzed by Polymer‐Supported Copper. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neuropilins as Semaphorin receptors: in vivo functions in neuronal cell migration and axon guidance. (2002)

After the initial discovery of neuropilin-1 as an epitope on axons recognized by a monoclonal antibody, neuropilins were rediscovered in the search for receptors mediating the repulsive actions of class 3 Semaphorins, notably Sema3A. Neuropilins are the ligand binding moieties in the class 3 Semaphorin receptor complexes, with the signaling moieties apparently provided by members of the plexin family. In their capacity as Semaphorin receptors, neuropilins have been shown to transduce repulsive guidance signals that direct a large variety of cell migration and axon guidance events. We summarize their demonstrated roles in driving axon fasciculation, channeling various axonal populations, inhibiting axonal branching, creating exclusion zones for axons, and providing directional guidance cues by being presented in gradients. In addition to their roles in repulsive axon guidance, evidence is accumulating that neuropilins also transduce some attractive guidance functions of Semaphorins.
A New and Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 2-Hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-2H-chromenes (2002)

A new and efficient three step procedure for the synthesis of functionalized 2H-chromenes 1 is described, starting from commercially available salicylaldehydes 2 and 2-methylpropenylmagnesium chloride 3, which involves catalytic acid-mediated intramolecular cyclization of phenolic epoxide 5 as the key step.