gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-vitro tendon cell growth on synthetic fiber implant materials: biological implications. (1990)

The growth of tendon cell colonies on synthetic fiber materials used as soft tissue implants was compared to the growth of such cell colonies on flat plastic surfaces used as standard cell culture substrates. Fundamental differences in growth characteristics were observed, and a mathematical model was developed.
Local and global sparse Gaussian process approximations. (2007)

Gaussian process (GP) models are flexible probabilistic nonparametric models for regression, classification and other tasks. Unfortunately they suffer from computational intractability for large data sets. Over the past decade there have been many different approximations developed to reduce this cost. Most of these can be termed global approximations, in that they try to summarize all the training data via a small set of support points. A different approach is that of local regression, where many local experts account for their own part of space. In this paper we start by investigating the regimes in which these different approaches work well or fail. We then proceed to develop a new sparse GP approximation which is a combination of both the global and local approaches. Theoretically we show that it is derived as a natural extension of the framework developed by Quiñonero Candela and Rasmussen [2005] for sparse GP approximations. We demonstrate the benefits of the combined approximation on some 1D examples for illustration, and on some large real-world data sets. 1
The molecular biology of retinoblastoma (2001)

Retinoblastoma, a rare pediatric eye tumor, has served as an important model for the heritable predisposition to cancer. The retinoblastoma protein, Rb, functions as a tumor suppressor by controlling progression through the cell cycle. Rb function is regulated primarily by its phosphorylation state, which is determined by the complex interaction of multiple kinases and their inhibitors that together form the 'Rb pathway'. This pathway has been found to be functionally inactivated in almost all types of cancer. Despite recent advances in our understanding of Rb function, the precise role of Rb loss in the development of retinoblastoma remains unclear. Recent work in genetically altered mice has suggested that an additional mutation in another gene is required for retinal tumor formation. An alternative model presented here is based on the noncell-autonomous functions of Rb contributing to tumorigenesis.
Effects of injury and Reconstruction of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament on Proprioception and Neuromuscular Control (1999)

Proprioceptive deficits have been demonstrated following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) disruption, but little research exists evaluating proprioception in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)-deficient and/or -reconstructed knee. We have studied proprioception in PCL-deficient and PCL-reconstructed knees. The following summarizes our protocol and results of proprioceptive testing of kinesthesia and joint position sense in participants with isolated PCL injuries and those who underwent PCL reconstruction. We studied 18 participants with isolated raptures of the PCL and 10 participants who underwent PCL reconstruction. Proprioception was evaluated by two tests: the threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM) and the ability to passively reproduce passive positioning (RPP). These assess kinesthesia and joint position sense, respectively. We have shown that isolated PCL deficiency in the human knee does result in reduced kinesthesia and enhanced joint position sense. Thus, the proprioceptive mechanoreceptors in the PCL do appear to have some function. We further found that PCL reconstruction significantly improved kinesthesia at 45° of knee flexion, while 110° was not significantly different between the involved and uninvolved knee in both studies.
MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF HEUSLER-TYPE Fe<sub>2</sub>MnSi (1988)

Magnetic measurements were made up to 1 300 K and 230 kOe for Fe2MnSi. Observed magnetic susceptibility is expressed by χobs = C/(T - θp) + χp. When χp (6.6 x 10-6 emu/g) is assumed to be due the to Fe atoms, the first term gives 2.9 µB/Mn which agree with the extrapolated saturation moment to 0 K. Spin reorientation of small number of A-site Mn is responsible for the large high field susceptibility at T = 4.2 K. Magnetovolume effect was not observed by X-rays below Tc.
Computational Analysis of Unstart in Variable-Geometry Inlet (2021)

Computational fluid dynamics was used to study the flow through a scaled, mixed-compression, high-speed inlet with a rotating cowl at Mach 4.0 conditions. First, steady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations were undertaken with a range of popular turbulence models including the Spalart–Allmaras model, the realizable model, the cubic model, and the Menter shear stress transport (SST) model to assess the impact on the inlet operating state. It was found that two models, the Spalart–Allmaras model and the Menter SST model, predicted the inlet to become unstarted at a cowl angle where the experimental data indicated the inlet remained started. Next, steady-state flow structures were studied at three discrete cowl positions, identifying highly three-dimensional flow features including regions of separated flow and spanwise gradients that became stronger as the cowl opened. Finally, the study culminated with the development of the new transient model, which allowed for time-accurate investigation into the unstart, restart, and hysteresis. The evolution of the separation bubbles was shown to be a major factor in the hysteresis, causing the inlet to restart at an angle different from where it unstarted. The utility of unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes computations to capture the complex time-dependent details of such flows was demonstrated.
Erratum: Isotopic Reaction Rates Between Methyl and Hydrogen (1956)

T HE observed rate constants, kobs, attributed to E
Valance Fluctuation of Ce in α-Ce<sub>3</sub>Al (1989)

The valence of Ce in α-Ce 3 Al was investigated by means of XPS measurements in a temperature range from 300 K to 3.7 K. Below 120 K, the presence of Ce 4+ was detected, and its relative intensity I (Ce 4+ /Ce 3+ ) increased with decreasing temperature, An anomaly of the magnetic susceptibility near 100 K was successfully explained by taking account of the valence change.
Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic Agents: The Nature of Their Action and Selective Toxicity (1963)

ANTIMICROBIAL agents encompass both synthetic compounds and natural products or antibiotics. The vast majority of antimicrobial drugs synthesized or isolated do not possess the requisite selectivity to be useful in the treatment of infectious diseases — that is, they affect the host organisms as well as the parasites. In this review discussion will be limited primarily to agents that have been found to show acceptable selective toxicity toward microorganisms and, hence, clinical usefulness. Attention will be focused on both the mechanism of action of these antimicrobial drugs and the nature of the selective toxicity that they exhibit.Sweeping advances toward . . .
DOES TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS DELAY RENAL FAILURE IN AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE? (2002)

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common renal disease without an effective therapeutic intervention to delay renal failure. Within kindreds, renal dysfunction often develops at a similar age in affected individuals, although there are known modifying factors. Two kindreds with ADPKD have shown a striking pattern of delayed onset of renal insufficiency in those individuals also suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Eight nondiabetic patients with ADPKD had onset of dialysis or renal death at ages 38-52 years, (mean +/- SEM 46 +/- 1.9, n = 7) as compared with four diabetics who started dialysis or are still off dialysis at the age of 61 +/- 2.8 years (p < 0.01). Two of the four diabetics still have reasonable renal function at age 61 and 66. The diabetes was diagnosed at age 32 +/- 2 years and was treated with oral hypoglycemics for 19 +/- 2 years before institution of insulin. Cardiovascular disease dominated the clinical picture in the diabetics. In conclusion, onset of renal failure in ADPKD was delayed for over 15 years in individuals who also suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus, in two ADPKD kindreds. Possible mechanisms are discussed, including glibenclamide inhibition of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. The striking delay associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in ADPKD induced renal failure should be evaluated further.
Antiferromagnetic interlayer correlations in annealed<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ni</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>80</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>20</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>/Ag multilayers (1996)

Sputtered ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}$/Ag multilayers, annealed post-growth, exhibit giant magnetoresistance (GMR) with pronounced field sensitivity [T. L. Hylton et al., Science 261, 1021 (1993)]. We have characterized a series of ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}$(20 \AA{})/Ag(40 \AA{}) multilayers annealed at temperatures ranging from 305 to 335\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C using x-ray and polarized neutron reflectivity techniques. For all of the samples, specular x-ray measurements reveal that the laterally averaged interfaces between the ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}$ and Ag layers are not well defined. The growth-plane morphology of the multilayers, determined from off-specular x-ray diffraction, shows a dependence on annealing temperature. Specular and off-specular polarized neutron reflectivity data indicate that the GMR in the annealed samples does not arise from long-range antiferromagnetic alignment of coherent ferromagnetic sheets, as generally observed in related materials. Instead, annealing promotes the formation of planar ferromagnetic domains of micrometer size within each ${\mathrm{Ni}}_{80}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{20}$ layer that are antiferromagnetically correlated along the growth axis. The length scales of these domains are consistent with a model in which weak dipolar forces dominate the interactions between them. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Hypothalamic Site of Progesterone Action on Gonadotropin Release (1985)

Tonic gonadotropin secretion was monitored at 20 min intervals for a total of 9 hours in 3 female volunteers during the mid-luteal phase of an ovulatory cycle. This control period was followed by repeated LH-RH stimulation (12 micrograms LH-RH as i.v. bolus once every hour for another 5 hours). During the control period spontaneous albeit low-frequent pulsatile secretion was observed for LH (a pulse occurring once every 3-8 hours) but not for FSH. While intermittent exogenous LH-RH stimulation was being performed at circhoral LH-RH pulse frequency pulsatile gonadotropin release was established at synchronous episodicity and systemic gonadotropin levels consecutively increased. These data provide indirect evidence that the pituitary gland is not rendered refractory to LH-RH by luteal progesterone secretion but readily responds to LH-RH stimuli even when these simulate a follicular phase LH-RH pulse frequency. Thus, it is concluded that spontaneous pulsatile LH release at low frequency during the luteal phase of the cycle reflects low frequent LH-RH discharges from the hypothalamus. Underlying mechanisms are discussed.
Calculating correct Down's syndrome risks (1999)

Women having both first trimester nuchal translucency and second trimester serum screening tests are likely to receive two different Down's syndrome risks. Neither will be correct, and we describe how to calculate a valid combined risk. This uses the reported serum-based risk and a likelihood ratio derived from the nuchal translucency report. Tables, figures and examples are provided to aid the calculation of the likelihood ratio from either the nuchal translucency in multiples of the normal median, the nuchal translucency and crown-rump length in millimetres, or the reported prior and nuchal translucency-based risks.
Functional Convergence of Oxylipin and Abscisic Acid Pathways Controls Stomatal Closure in Response to Drought   (2014)

Membranes are primary sites of perception of environmental stimuli. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are major structural constituents of membranes that also function as modulators of a multitude of signal transduction pathways evoked by environmental stimuli. Different stresses induce production of a distinct blend of oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids, "oxylipins." We employed three Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotypes to examine the oxylipin signature in response to specific stresses and determined that wounding and drought differentially alter oxylipin profiles, particularly the allene oxide synthase branch of the oxylipin pathway, responsible for production of jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursor 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (12-OPDA). Specifically, wounding induced both 12-OPDA and JA levels, whereas drought induced only the precursor 12-OPDA. Levels of the classical stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) were also mainly enhanced by drought and little by wounding. To explore the role of 12-OPDA in plant drought responses, we generated a range of transgenic lines and exploited the existing mutant plants that differ in their levels of stress-inducible 12-OPDA but display similar ABA levels. The plants producing higher 12-OPDA levels exhibited enhanced drought tolerance and reduced stomatal aperture. Furthermore, exogenously applied ABA and 12-OPDA, individually or combined, promote stomatal closure of ABA and allene oxide synthase biosynthetic mutants, albeit most effectively when combined. Using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Brassica napus verified the potency of this combination in inducing stomatal closure in plants other than Arabidopsis. These data have identified drought as a stress signal that uncouples the conversion of 12-OPDA to JA and have revealed 12-OPDA as a drought-responsive regulator of stomatal closure functioning most effectively together with ABA.
Effects of capsaicin pretreatment on the inflammatory response to scalding injury in the rat (1987)

The oedema formation after scalding injury to the rat paw was studied by means of the Evans blue exudation technique. An early and a delayed oedema formation were demonstrated after severe and light scalding, respectively. It was shown that the delayed, but not the early, form was reduced by capsaicin pretreatment, suggesting an involvement of chemosensitive primary sensory neurons in this reaction.
SYNTHESIS OF D-4-AMINO-3-ISOXAZOLIDONE (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF D-4-AMINO-3-ISOXAZOLIDONECharles H. Stammer, Andrew N. Wilson, Frederick W. Holly, and Karl FolkersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 8, 2346–2347Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01613a107https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01613a107research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Roosevelt Way (2006)

What the Rough Rider can teach us about how to stop illicit trafficking.
Optimal Arrangements for Assembling a Network in an Emergency (2011)

In many situations, especially those surrounding emergencies, the fast assembly of a set of actors is an important prerequisite for planning and subsequent action. For example, a search team, human or robotic, first needs to convene. What shape is optimal if the goal is the establishment of full communication as soon as possible? We consider spirals, concentric circles and tree-like structures and show analytically how a spiral shape minimizes the maximum distance to be traveled. We also discuss how other shapes can provide a higher degree of communication redundancy. These results, which have parallels in biological systems, suggest new ways that sensor networks might be envisioned.
Many-body physics with ultracold gases (2008)

This paper reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress concerning many-body phenomena in dilute, ultracold gases. It focuses on effects beyond standard weak-coupling descriptions, such as the Mott-Hubbard transition in optical lattices, strongly interacting gases in one and two dimensions, or lowest-Landau-level physics in quasi-two-dimensional gases in fast rotation. Strong correlations in fermionic gases are discussed in optical lattices or near-Feshbach resonances in the BCS-BEC crossover.
The Global Regulator Ler Is Necessary for Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Colonization of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2005)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is an important cause of infant diarrhea in developing countries and is useful for general investigations of the bacterial infection process. However, the study of the molecular pathogenesis of EPEC has been hampered by the lack of genetically tractable, convenient animal models. We have therefore developed the use of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a small animal model of infection for this diarrheal pathogen. We found that nematodes died faster on nematode growth medium in the presence of EPEC pathogens than in the presence of the laboratory control strain MG1655. Increased numbers of pathogens in the gut, determined by standard plate count assays and fluorescence microscopy using green fluorescent protein-expressing bacteria, correlated with killing. Deletion of the gene encoding the global regulator Ler severely reduced the ability of EPEC to colonize the nematode gut and could be complemented by providing the ler gene on a multicopy plasmid in trans. Neither the type III secretion system nor the type IV bundle-forming pilus was required for colonization. Combined, the similarities and distinct differences between EPEC infection of nematodes and that of humans offer a unique opportunity to study several stages of the infection process, namely, attachment, colonization, and persistence, in a genetically tractable, inexpensive, and convenient in vivo system.
Experimental confirmation of negative dispersion and Bayesian inversion of multimode propagation in a bone-mimicking phantom (2008)

Previously we demonstrated using numerical simulations that negative dispersion observed in bone can result from the interference of two propagating modes, each of which exhibits positive dispersion, consistent with the Kramers-Kronig predictions. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, EL55-61 (2006)] One goal of the present study was to demonstrate this negative dispersion experimentally using the simplest example of a bone-mimicking phantom that is capable of producing two such interfering modes. An additional goal was to establish that, with the experimental data serving as input to a Bayesian approach to the inverse problem [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, EL8-15 (2007)], reliable estimates of the underlying properties of the bone-mimicking phantom could be obtained from the measured signals. The phantom consisted of a flat and parallel PlexiglasTM plate into which a step discontinuity was milled. The phase velocity and attenuation coefficient (3 to 7 MHz) of the phantom were measured with a 0.25-inch piezoelectric receiver and calculated using both broadband and narrowband data. Negative dispersion was observed at specific spatial locations near the step where the attenuation coefficient rose approximately linearly with frequency. Results demonstrate that interference between modes can result in negative dispersion and that Bayesian inversion can yield underlying material properties.
Combinatorial curve reconstruction and the efficient exact implementation of geometric algorithms (2001)

This thesis has two main parts. The first part deals with the problem of curve reconstruction. Given a finite sample set S from an unknown collection of curves Gamma, the task is to compute the graph G(S, Gamma) which has vertex set S and an edge between exactly those pairs of vertices that are adjacent on some curve in Gamma. We present a purely combinatorial algorithm that solves the curve reconstruction problem in polynomial time. It is the first algorithm which provably handles collections of curves with corners and endpoints. In the second part of this thesis, we will be concerned with the exact and efficient im plementation of geometric algorithms. First, we develop a generalized filtering scheme to speed-up exact geometric computation and then discuss the design of an object-oriented kernel for geometric computation.
STAT6 Independent Alternative Activation of the Pulmonary Environment in Response to Helminth Infection. (134.78) (2009)

Abstract Macrophages adopt an alternatively activated phenotype in the context of a polarized Th2 response as a result of STAT6 (Signal transducer and activation of transcription 6)-dependent IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. Given the strong connection between IL-4/IL-13/STAT6 signaling and the induction of the alternatively activated macrophage phenotype, it was unexpected to observe that infection with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb), a strong inducer of IL-4 and IL-13, in Stat6-deficient mice resulted in an apparent alternate activation of lung macrophages with the induction of arg1, ym1 and fizz1. The goal of the work presented here was to test the hypothesis that there is a STAT6-independent pathway for alternative activation of lung macrophages in response to the pulmonary inflammation induced by the transient passage of Nb larvae through the parenchyma of the lungs. To test this hypothesis, we isolated CD11c+ lung macrophages from STAT6-/- mice on days 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 post-Nb to test for the alternative activation. We demonstrate the macrophage-specific induction of Arg1 and to a lesser extent YM1 protein in an IL-4 and IL-13 independent manner. It was also determined that epithelial cells, but not macrophages, produce Fizz1 in a Stat6-independent manner. These results demonstrated the partial alternative activation of macrophages in the absence of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling and underscore the need to study the innate immune mechanisms capable of altering macrophage phenotypes.
Epizootiologic investigations of a diarrheic syndrome in fattening pigs (1985)

A diarrheic syndrome linked to Clostridium perfringens was observed in fattening pigs. A good correlation was observed between the onset and the severity of diarrhea and the fecal passage of C perfringens enterotoxin. Intestinal fluids from affected pigs had activity comparable with that detected in a purified C perfringens enterotoxin. Seven pigs excreting enterotoxin were shown to develop serum antibodies to C perfringens enterotoxin.