gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of usability evaluation methods in France: The reality in professional practices (2014)

The aim of this study is first, to have an overview of current professional practices related to the use of usability evaluation and conception methods (user testing, interview, etc.) of a human-machine interface (HMI); and then, to determine the factors influencing their use. For this purpose, we have developed an online survey aimed at professionals sensitive to usability issues. The survey was open for the last quarter of 2012; the final sample size was 98 professionals. The relevance of this questionnaire is to identify the level of knowledge and use for each usability method. Our study highlighted the following results: while some methods are frequently used, such as user testing; others are unknown to professionals, such as automated evaluation. Certain methods are known to professionals but used anecdotally, such as card sorting. The study also reveals some factors influencing how the use of each method is done. The results show that the use of each method depends on the professional's expertise, academic background and the sector in which they work. In a longer term, we want to conduct interviews with professionals to know about their practices in more detail. One of our final objectives is to provide an aid system to help designers to choose the best association of usability methods according to all of the contextual elements.
Carcinoma of the breast.The prognostic significance of extranodal extension of axillary disease (1977)

A retrospective study to determine the effect of extranodal axillary disease on prognosis in invasive carcinoma of the breast was undertaken in a series of 152 cases. It was found that extranodal disease has an unfavorable effect on prognosis in those patients with three or less involved axillary nodes and no effect on prognosis in those patients with four or more involved axillary nodes. Extranodal axillary disease was found to have no influence on the interval between surgery and initial recurrence nor on the anatomic distribution of the recurrence, local or remote.
Recombinant Porcine Lactoferrin Expressed in the Milk of Transgenic Mice Enhances Offspring Growth Performance (2007)

The European Commission has proposed a permanent ban on the use of antibiotics as an ingredient in animal feed to promote growth. Lactoferrin is a globular multifunctional protein that has been shown to play a role in iron absorption and to have antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, lactoferrin may serve as a nontherapeutic alternative to antibiotics in livestock husbandry. As a pilot study toward this goal, transgenic mice have been generated harboring a porcine lactoferrin (pLF) gene driven by the mammary gland-specific promoter of the bovine alpha-lactalbumin (alphaLA) gene. The alphaLA-pLF hybrid gene was confirmed to have been successfully integrated and transmitted stably through the germ-line in 9 (5 females and 4 males) of 14 transgenic founders. In the female progenies of six lines analyzed, the transgene copy numbers ranged from 1 to 20 with 1-4 integration sites. Significant levels of pLF protein in milk ranging from 40 to 106 microg/mL with physical characteristics similar to those of native pLF in sow's milk were achieved in three of the transgenic lines obtained. Tissue- and stage-specific pLF expressions were restricted to the mammary gland of the transgenic female mice during lactation. It was further demonstrated that the growth performance of animal pups is enhanced by directly feeding the genetically engineered milk containing enriched pLF protein in transgenic mice. Furthermore, this enhanced growth performance in suckling mice was proportional to the concentration of pLF present in milk.
Amyloid-β Peptides Are Cytotoxic to Oligodendrocytes (2001)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive dementia. Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), a 39-43 amino acid peptide derived from beta-amyloid precursor protein, forms insoluble fibrillar aggregates that have been linked to neuronal and vascular degeneration in AD and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Here we demonstrate that Abeta 1-40 and a truncated fragment, Abeta 25-35, induced death of oligodendrocytes (OLGs) in vitro in a dose-dependent manner with similar potencies. Abeta-induced OLG death was accompanied by nuclear DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cytoskeletal disintegration. Abeta activation of redox-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 and antioxidant prevention of Abeta-mediated OLG death suggest that oxidative injury contributes to Abeta cytotoxicity in OLGs. Recent demonstration of Abeta deposition and white matter abnormalities in AD implies a potential pathophysiological role for Abeta-mediated cytotoxicity of OLGs in this neurodegenerative disease.
The pharmacology of Adrenomedullin 2/Intermedin (2011)

Adrenomedullin 2 (AM2) or intermedin is a member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)/calcitonin family of peptides and was discovered in 2004. Unlike other members of this family, no unique receptor has yet been identified for it. It is extensively distributed throughout the body. It causes hypotension when given peripherally, but when given into the CNS, it increases blood pressure and causes sympathetic activation. It also increases prolactin release, is anti-diuretic and natriuretic and reduces food intake. Whilst its effects resemble those of AM, it is frequently more potent. Some characterization of AM2 has been done on molecularly defined receptors; the existing data suggest that it preferentially activates the AM(2) receptor formed from calcitonin receptor-like receptor and receptor activity modifying protein 3. On this complex, its potency is generally equivalent to that of AM. There is no known receptor-activity where it is more potent than AM. In tissues and in animals it is frequently antagonised by CGRP and AM antagonists; however, situations exist in which an AM2 response is maintained even in the presence of supramaximal concentrations of these antagonists. Thus, there is a partial mismatch between the pharmacology seen in tissues and that on cloned receptors. The only AM2 antagonists are peptide fragments, and these have limited selectivity. It remains unclear as to whether novel AM2 receptors exist or whether the mismatch in pharmacology can be explained by factors such as metabolism.
Keeping lexical complexity in slang translation (2007)

In this paper I mainly focus on the translation of linguistic varieties that are culture-specific or belong to a socially restricted speech community. These varieties, including slang, often display forms that rarely have equivalents (i.e. forms that are comparable in meaning and scope) in a different language. However, relevant theories on translation (e.g. Catford 1965, House 1997) state that the translator should assure ‘equivalence’ by preserving the semantic and pragmatic meanings across two different languages, and that a first requirement for equivalence is ‘equivalent function’. Accordingly, the translator should keep low semantic and pragmatic transparency – i.e. polysemy and multifunctionality – in the target language (TL), any time they are motivated by socio-pragmatic purposes (e.g. identification with a group, cryptic reasons, establishing intimacy, etc.) in the source language (SL).\nTherefore I believe that the lexical complexity of slang should be preserved in the process of translation. Lexical complexity in slang formations is first of all due to a marked (Merlini Barbaresi 1988), non-diagrammatic (Dressler et al. 1987) relation between the linguistic sign and its signatum. The cognitive area activated by the slang term includes a vast array of extra socio-pragmatic meanings, which typically belong to the restricted community in which the term is used. Recreating the same effects in a different language community by means of an ‘equivalent’ slang formation is nearly impossible. Still what can be recreated is a comparably complex signans/signatum relation. In this paper, I will examine some examples of free conversation which show slang use, ranging from in-group slang to general slang. I will then establish the status of markedness of some slang expressions (e.g. chick, groovy, hit, etc.) on one or more correlated semiotic parameter(s) (esp. transparency and biuniqueness), and finally demonstrate that marked options generally increase complexity and consequent difficulty in perception, and yet they must be kept in translation to preserve the rich layers of associative meanings normally entailed.
Case Report: A leg ulcer induced by Staphylococcus aureus (1997)

This case report describes the treatment of a leg ulcer resembling pyoderma gangrenosum
A new era in prostatitis research begins. (2000)

The summer of 1999 witnessed the publication of three papers that will not only change the course but also stimulate research in the field of chronic prostatitis. Since the publication of the historic papers describing the classic lower urinary tract culture technique1 and the traditional classification system2 2 or 3 decades ago, the field of prostatitis research and clinical management has been essentially stagnant. A new classification system, a validated symptom assessment tool, and a general consensus on the direction of prostatitis research will regalvanize the members of the urologic community into reassessing their approach to this enigmatic syndrome.
Laser strengthening of the edge of glass (2009)

This paper presents the results of studies in which it shown that various methods of cutting glass affect the mechanical strength of the edge. It is established that cutting glass by the method of laser-controlled thermal cutting increases the strength of the glass by a factor of 5.5 by comparison with mechanical cutting.
A context-sensitive homograph disambiguation in Thai text-to-speech synthesis (2003)

Homograph ambiguity is an original issue in Text-to-Speech (TTS). To disambiguate homograph, several efficient approaches have been proposed such as part-of-speech (POS) n-gram, Bayesian classifier, decision tree, and Bayesian-hybrid approaches. These methods need words or/and POS tags surrounding the question homographs in disambiguation. Some languages such as Thai, Chinese, and Japanese have no word-boundary delimiter. Therefore before solving homograph ambiguity, we need to identify word boundaries. In this paper, we propose a unique framework that solves both word segmentation and homograph ambiguity problems altogether. Our model employs both local and long-distance contexts, which are automatically extracted by a machine learning technique called Winnow.
The Role of PTEN in β-Cell Growth (2010)

This paper describes the biological functions of PTEN and the PTEN regulated signaling pathway in pancreatic β-cells. PTEN has been shown to regulate the regeneration of β-cells. We review the pathways that are controlled by PTEN signaling and their functions in β-cell regeneration. In particular, we describe the unique effect of <i>Pten</i> deletion in β-cells. Unlike its effect in other tissues, <i>Pten</i> deletion does not lead to tumor formation but does enhance β-cell proliferation and function. In addition to the literature review, we also report new results exploring PTEN loss in adult β-cells. We demonstrate that inducing PTEN loss in adult cells has the same regenerative effects previously found for prenatal deletion.
Magnetic fields, brain and immunity: Effect on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses (1991)

Magnetic fields (MF) can influence biological systems in a wide range of animal species and humans. We report here on the influence of static MF, locally applied to the brain area, on immune system performances in the rat. In the first series of experiments two AKMA micromagnets (M) with the influx density of 600 Gauss were bilaterally implanted (with "N" polarity facing the cranial bones) and fixed to the skull posterior to the fronto-parietal suture (parietal brain exposure). Rats implanted with iron beads (I) and sham-operated (SO) rats served as controls. Animals were exposed to MF or I during different periods of time before and after immunization with several soluble or cellular antigens. We report here on the in vivo immunoregulating effects of centrally applied MF on plaque-forming cell (PFC) response, local hypersensitivity skin reactions and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. The selective influence of MF applied to different brain regions on PFC response was evaluated, as well. For this purpose, two M were bilaterally implanted in the area of (a) frontal, (b) parietal and (c) occipital brain regions. Rats were under the influence of MF for 20 days before and 4 days after immunization with sheep red blood cells. Groups of nonimmunized rats were exposed for 14, 24 and 34 days to parietally implanted M or I, and the number of peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ cells determined by mouse anti-rat W3/25 and MRC OX 8 monoclonal antibodies. The results show an overall in vivo immunopotentiation of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in rats exposed to MF. Furthermore, these immunomodulating effects of centrally applied MF depend on at least two basic parameters, time of exposure and brain region exposed. The highest immune performance was obtained after exposure of the occipital brain region for a total period of 24 days. The results provide further evidence of the complex interrelationship between the environment, the central nervous system and the immune system.
The carboxy‐terminal end of glycolate oxidase directs a foreign protein into tobacco leaf peroxisomes. (1991)

The carboxy-terminal residues of several peroxisomal proteins were shown to act as a peroxisomal targetting signal. This study was conducted to test whether the C-terminus of glycolate oxidase, a key enzyme in the glycolate metabolism pathway, is functioning as a targetting signal that directs proteins into plant leaf peroxisomes. A chimeric gene coding for a fusion protein composed of the C-terminal-truncated beta-glucuronidase, a synthetic linker of four amino acids and the last six C-terminal amino acids of glycolate oxidase, was constructed. Transformation of tobacco plants with the chimeric gene resulted in expression of beta-glucuronidase enzymic activity. About 50% of the transgenic beta-glucuronidase activity was localized to the peroxisomes. The results indicate that the six C-terminal amino acid residues of glycolate oxidase act as a targetting signal that is recognized by leaf peroxisomes.
Tackling the challenges of matching biomedical ontologies (2018)

We anticipate that translating traditional matching algorithms to the hash-based searching paradigm will be a critical direction for the future development of the field. Improving the evaluation carried out in the biomedical tracks of the OAEI will also be important, as without proper reference alignments there is only so much that can be ascertained about matching systems or strategies. Nevertheless, it is clear that, to tackle the various challenges posed by biomedical ontologies, ontology matching systems must be able to efficiently combine multiple strategies into a mature matching approach.
Percutaneous Endovascular Repair of Blunt Thoracic Aortic Transection (2005)

Adaptation and use of commercially available abdominal devices in the thoracic aorta has proven to be technically feasible. Urgent repair of thoracic aortic transection in the setting of blunt trauma can be transformed into a well-tolerated surgical intervention using endovascular techniques. Long-term durability of endovascular repair of traumatic thoracic transections remains unknown, but early and midterm results are promising.
Neural Fuzzing: A Neural Approach to Generate Test Data for File Format Fuzzing. (2018)

This article is aimed at the design and implementation of a file format
fuzzer. Files are significant inputs to the most of real-world applications. A
substantial difficulty with generating input files as test data is to recon the
underlying structure and format of the files. In order to distinguish pure data
stored in a file from the meta-data describing the file format, a deep learning
method based on a neural language model is proposed in this article. The
resultant learned model could be applied as a hybrid test data generator, to
generate and fuzz both the textual and none-textual sections of the input file.
Moreover, the model could be applied to generate test data to fuzz both the
meta-data and the ordinary data stored in the file. Our experiments with two
known fuzzing tools, AFL and Learn\&Fuzz, demonstrate the relatively high code
coverage of our proposed method. The experiments also indicate simple neural
language models provide a more accurate learning model, than the complicated
encoder-decoder models.
Validation of a HPLC Method for Determination of Glutamine in Food Additives Using Post-Column Derivatization (2012)

An ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) followed by post-column derivatization method was validated for the determination of glutamine in food additive products. The chromatographic method was carried out on a sodium cation-exchange column and using detection at 570 nm. The mobile phase consisted of sodium eluant, pH 3.15, with 5% sulfolane, sodium eluant, pH 7.40 and sodium column regenerant. The method was linear in the range of 4 - 50 μg/mL (r2 = 0.9999). The accuracy was 99.78%. Moreover, method validation demonstrated acceptable results for precision and robustness. The method was found to be able to use for routine analysis of the glutamine.
Passive protection against respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants (1994)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for serious respiratory disease in young infants. More than 75% of the 678 children hospitalized for RSV at Baylor-affiliated hospitals in Houston, TX, between October, 1992, and March, 1993, were 5 months of age or younger. The importance of maternal antibody in the immunity against RSV disease has been debated. More recent epidemiologic studies have demonstrated protection against RSV in babies born to mothers with high levels of neutralizing RSV antibody. The contribution of IgG fusion or F protein antibody as a correlate with immunity from disease also has been described. With the availability of purified F protein vaccines such as the purified F protein vaccines manufactured by Lederle-Praxis-Biologicals (Pearl River, NY), immunization of pregnant women with RSV surface glycoproteins to arm the newborn with high neutralizing antibody can be considered. Advantages of maternal immunization to augment naturally occurring maternal RSV antibody are that babies most at risk for infection are least responsive to vaccines, that pregnant women respond well immunologically to vaccines in general and that placental transfer of maternal IgG antibody occurs naturally during the third trimester. The safety of maternally derived antibody would likely surpass that of exogenously administered immunoglobulin as well as would have a decreased cost. Disadvantages of maternal immunization to protect infants against RSV could include the potential inhibition of the infant's response to active immunization or subsequent disease, the lack of antibody transfer in premature infants, and liability issues. Evaluation of purified F protein vaccine in postpartum women is under way.
In vitro hydrolysis by pancreatic elastases / and II reduces β-lactoglobulin antigenicity (1997)

Bovine whey proteins such as oe-lactalbumin and ~-Iactoglobulin are with bovine caseins the most commonly used proteins in infant formulas owing to their high nutritional value. However, these cow milk components are not always weil tolerated and can induce allergies in infants. The purpose of this study was therefore to investigate the gastric (pepsin) and pancreatic (trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastases 1and II)enzymatic hydrolysis of ~-Iactoglobulin with the aim of finding a means to reduce its antigenicity. Elastases 1and IIwere first purified from porcine pancreatic acetone powder. After differential precipitation steps, elastases 1and IIwere separated by cation-exchange chromatography. The conditions regarding ~-Iactoglobulin hydrolysis by gastric and/or pancreatic enzymes were similar to those used for hypoallergenic milk preparations. Elastase II and to a lesser extent elastase I, were effective in enhancing ~-Iactoglobulin hydrolysis via a mix of pepsin, trypsin and chymotrypsin and in reducing the residual antigenicity ofhydrolytic products. The sarne hydrolytic percentage was observed when elastase 1or II were added, while the residual antigenicity was lower in the presence of elastase IIthan in the presence of elastase 1. The introduction of elastases in the pancreatic IIX can therefore be proposed to enhance the hydrolysis of cow milk components in hypoallergenic milk preparations.
Polymorphisms of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and survival in patients with advanced cancer of the head and neck (HNSCC). (2012)

The EGFR-R497K polymorphism is a potential predictor for overall survival in HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab based therapy in the palliative setting.
Spirituality for nurses and their practice. (2000)

This descriptive study compared the inclusion of spirituality in the practice of two groups of nurses: nurses prepared in parish nursing (PN) and nurses not specifically prepared in spiritual care (NonPN). The Spirituality in Nursing Care tool was used to determine sources of spiritual strength and spiritual experiences of the respondents, the application of spirituality in their practice, and the interventions and indicators they used in determining the need for spiritual assistance. Random sampling using U.S. postal codes selected 600 members from a national mailing list of nurses prepared in parish nursing and 600 similarly selected nurses not prepared in parish nursing. A total of 645 questionnaires were returned with complete data. The following question was asked: How do nurses prepared in providing spiritual care (PN) compare to nurses not similarly prepared (NonPN) in terms of: (a) personal sources of spiritual strength, (b) spiritual experiences, (c) application of spirituality in their practice, (d) identification of indicators of spiritual needs in their clients, and (e) interventions used to meet the spiritual needs of their clients? The findings indicate there are differences in how PN and NonPN groups of nurses respond to spirituality of self and their use of spirituality in clinical practice. It is suggested that parish nurses take the lead to further study spirituality and the indicators and appropriate interventions, and identify patient outcomes when spiritual needs are addressed by nurses in providing "holistic nursing practice."
Delay modulation (1969)

The definition of the encoding procedure known as delay modulation is given, along with the autocorrelation function and the spectral density. It is shown that the procedure generates a waveform for magnetic recording which is superior to presently used encoding processes.
Learning Viewpoint Planning in Active Recognition on a Small Sampling Budget: A Kriging Approach (2010)

This paper focuses on viewpoint planning for 3D active object recognition. The objective is to design a planning policy into a Q-learning framework with a limited number of samples. Most existing stochastic techniques are therefore inapplicable. We propose to use Kriging and bayesian Optimization coupled with Q-learning to obtain a computationally-efficient viewpoint-planning design, under a restrictive sampling budget. Experimental results on a representative database, including a comparison with classical approaches, show promising results for this strategy.