gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The safety and tolerability of inhaled treprostinil in patients with pulmonary hypertension and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2016)

The primary aim was to explore the safety and tolerability of inhaled treprostinil when used in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) with concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Patients with a diagnosis of pre-capillary PH (defined as pulmonary artery mean pressure of ≥ 25 mmHg and pulmonary artery wedge pressure or left ventricular end diastolic pressure of ≤ 15 mmHg) who were being initiated on inhaled treprostinil and had concomitant COPD (defined as FEV1/FVC ratio ≤ 70% with FEV1 ≥ 40% predicted) were considered for inclusion in this pilot study. Assessments included adverse events, physical exam, World Health Organization (WHO) functional class, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), modified Borg dyspnea score, and concomitant medication. At baseline and week 16 St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), arterial blood gas (ABG), and pulmonary function test (PFT) were assessed. The median age was 65 years (age range, 56-80 years) and five patients (56%) were men. Among the nine patients, a majority had an increase in 6MWT from baseline to week 16 (median change, 19 m). Only three of the nine patients (33%) had an increase in A-a gradient at week 16 (median change, -7). There was no difference in any of the following: arterial blood gases, WHO functional class, 6MWT results, or SGRQ scores from baseline to week 16. There was a statistically significant decline in several of the PFT measures, including FEV1 (median change, -0.18 L; <i>P</i> = 0.004; median change, -7% of predicted; <i>P</i> = 0.016), FVC (median change, -0.23 L; <i>P</i> = 0.027), and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) (median change, -5% of predicted; <i>P</i> = 0.023). The small number of patients limits firm conclusions; however, inhaled treprostinil did not seem to adversely impact oxygenation in the majority of the study patients with pre-capillary PH and COPD. While there may have an adverse impact on some pulmonary function parameters, the clinical significance is unclear.
Bright fluorescent silica-nanoparticle probes for high-resolution STED and confocal microscopy (2017)

In recent years, fluorescent nanomaterials have gained high relevance in biological applications as probes for various fluorescence-based spectroscopy and imaging techniques. Among these materials, dye-doped silica nanoparticles have demonstrated a high potential to overcome the limitations presented by conventional organic dyes such as high photobleaching, low stability and limited fluorescence intensity. In the present work we describe an effective approach for the preparation of fluorescent silica nanoparticles in the size range between 15 and 80 nm based on L-arginine-controlled hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane in a biphasic cyclohexane-water system. Commercially available far-red fluorescent dyes (Atto647N, Abberior STAR 635, Dy-647, Dy-648 and Dy-649) were embedded covalently into the particle matrix, which was achieved by aminosilane coupling. The physical particle attributes (particle size, dispersion, degree of agglomeration and stability) and the fluorescence properties of the obtained particles were compared to particles from commonly known synthesis methods. As a result, the spectroscopic characteristics of the presented monodisperse dye-doped silica nanoparticles were similar to those of the free uncoupled dyes, but indicate a much higher photostability and brightness. As revealed by dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements, all particle suspensions were stable in water and cell culture medium. In addition, uptake studies on A549 cells were performed, using confocal and stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Our approach allows for a step-by-step formation of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in the form of dye-incorporated spheres, which can be used as versatile fluorescent probes in confocal and STED imaging.
Modulation of responses to stress by estradiol benzoate and selective estrogen receptor agonists (2010)

Previously, pretreatment with estradiol benzoate (EB) was found to modulate the response of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and gene expression in several catecholaminergic neuronal locations in ovariectomized (OVX) rats exposed to single immobilization stress (IMO). Here, we investigated the role of estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes, using selective agonists for ERalpha (propyl pyrazole triol, PPT) or ERbeta (WAY-200070) in two major central noradrenergic systems and the HPA axis after exposure to single and repeated IMO. OVX female rats received 21 daily injections of either EB (25 mug/kg), PPT (10 mg/kg), WAY-200070 (10 mg/kg), or vehicle. Injections of EB and PPT, but not WAY-200070, elicited reduced body weight and increased uterine weight, showing their selectivity. Both EB and PPT increased corticosterone levels about two- to threefold, but prevented any further rise with either single or repeated IMO, indicating an ERalpha (ESR1)-, but not ERbeta (ESR2)-, mediated mechanism. In the locus coeruleus (LC), the rise in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (Dbh) mRNA with both stress paradigms was abrogated in EB- or PPT-injected animals. However, WAY-200070 blocked the response of DBH mRNA to single IMO but not to repeated IMO. In the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the rise in tyrosine hydroxylase and DBH mRNAs with both IMOs was absent, or greatly attenuated, in EB- or PPT-treated rats. In most cases, WAY-200070 inhibited the response to single IMO but not to repeated IMO. The results demonstrate that pretreatment with estradiol, or ER-selective agonists, modulates the stress-triggered induction of gene expression of norepinephrine biosynthetic enzymes in LC and NTS, with ER selectivity depending on duration of the stress.
Expression of CD24 in cholangiocarcinoma cells is associated with disease progression and reduced patient survival (2011)

Cholangiocarcinoma is frequently found to invade local tissues and metastasize to distal organs. We investigated the expression of CD24 in cholangiocarcinoma samples and its prognostic significance. In addition, the cellular function of CD24 was studied in the RMCCA1 cholangiocarcinoma cell line. High CD24 expression significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and positive surgical margins in cholangiocarcinoma patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses further demonstrated that CD24 expression was significantly associated with the overall survival of these patients (p=0.007 and p=0.040, respectively). For in vitro studies, the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system was used to isolate CD24+ and CD24- cell populations from RMCCA1 cells. CD24+ RMCCA1 cells had increased chemoresistance, adhesion (p=0.004), motility (p<0.001), migration (p<0.001) and invasion (p<0.001) capabilities when compared to CD24- cells. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-7 was significantly elevated in CD24+ RMCCA1 cells (p=0.01). We found that inhibition of CD24 using siRNA silencing significantly decreased the invasive capacity of RMCCA1 cells. Both clinical and in vitro studies suggest that expression of CD24 is associated with cholangiocarcinoma disease progression. CD24 may thus serve as a new target for directed molecular therapy of cholangiocarcinoma.
Radioligand Therapy With 177Lu-PSMA-617 as A Novel Therapeutic Option in Patients With Metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (2016)

Results from 50 therapies show that radioligand therapy with Lu-PSMA-617 is effective and well tolerated and seems to increase overall survival. A future randomized controlled prospective study will be necessary to confirm these results.
In vivo antitumor effects of monoclonal antibodies with different immunoglobulin classes. (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies were produced against MM46, an MM antigen-positive, ascitic mouse mammary tumor of C3H/He mice, and 14 clones were found to produce antibodies reactive with MM46, but not with an MM antigen-negative MM48 tumor. Among these 14 antibodies, 10 reacted also with lymph node cells of C3H.B6-Ly-6b, Ly-6.2 congenic mice. The antigen defined by the 10 antibodies was provisionally designated MM1, and the one defined by the other 4 was designated MM2. Further analysis of MM1 by antibody binding inhibition assay with 3H-labeled MM1-gamma 2b-1 antibody revealed that 8 of the 10 antibodies as well as monoclonal anti-Ly-6.2 showed significant inhibition. This result indicated that there were more than two antigenic determinants on MM1 antigen. The immunoglobulin class of eight antibodies detecting the same antigenic determinant on MM1 was examined and was found to cover major classes of mouse immunoglobulin (mu, gamma 1, gamma 2a, gamma 2b, gamma 3, and alpha). Therefore, the in vivo effect against MM46 tumor cells by these antibodies was studied by a serological tumor neutralization assay. Tumor cells (4 X 10(5)) were treated with antibodies and then injected s.c. into syngeneic C3H/He mice. Ten days later, the tumor was weighed. gamma 2a antibody showed significant suppression of tumor growth, and both gamma 2b and gamma 1 antibodies also revealed suppression. However, mu, gamma 3, and alpha antibodies did not show any significant effect on the tumor growth. To elucidate the mechanisms of tumor suppression by antibodies, the role of macrophages was studied by the antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity test. In accordance with the in vivo tumor effects, gamma 2a antibody showed 40 to 60% cytotoxicity up to the concentration of 1 microgram/ml, and both gamma 2b and gamma 1 antibodies were also cytotoxic, although less so than gamma 2a. Neither mu nor alpha antibody showed any significant cytotoxicity. gamma 3 antibody showed very weak cytotoxicity against MM46 tumor cells. Thus, a good correlation was observed between the in vivo antitumor effects and in vitro antibody-dependent macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity activity with regard to each class of immunoglobulin, which suggested that macrophages may play an important role in the in vivo antitumor effect of the antibodies used.
Developing and evaluating SynctoLearn, a fully automatic video and transcript synchronization tool for EFL learners (2011)

Authentic videos are always motivational for foreign language learners. According to the findings of many empirical studies, subtitled L2 videos are particularly useful for foreign language learning. Although there are many authentic English videos available on the Internet, most of these videos do not have subtitles. If subtitles can be added to videos, EFL students might better understand the video content and pick up more vocabulary items. To help EFL students make better use of authentic videos, an automatic video and transcript synchronization system called SynctoLearn was developed. The SynctoLearn system uses speech recognition technologies to automatically synchronize voices in audios and videos with their respective transcripts. Two studies were conducted in order to assess the effectiveness of this listening tool and investigate EFL learners' perception toward this device. In the first study, two college classes at similar proficiency levels were divided in two groups. One group viewed the synchronized video and another viewed the same video without any synchronized subtitles. The group that watched the synchronized video outperformed the other group in summarizing the key points of the video. In the second study, two college EFL classes used the SynctoLearn website for a whole semester and were invited to fill in a questionnaire. Based on the survey results, students indicated that they enjoyed watching synchronized videos. They regarded the design of the SynctoLearn system positively and particularly lauded the options that allowed them to click and replay any video segments and show/hide the subtitles at any time. Students, however, suggested that the video quality and subtitle presentation can be further improved. Moreover, additional learning support such as online dictionaries can be included in the system. The results of the experiment and the survey indicate that the SynctoLearn tool, which provides synchronized subtitles, can be used as a supporting tool to help EFL students reduce their cognitive loads and anxiety levels when tackling authentic videos. The findings and the technologies used in this article should be useful for teachers and researchers who want to use or develop similar tools for foreign language learning.
Investigation of Fire and Explosion Accidents in the Chemical, Mining, and Fuel-Related Industries: A Manual (1985)

From Introduction: "This manual is organized to facilitate the task of finding the particular data or information of interest. The initial section outlines specific procedures for accident investigations; the second section presents pertinent definitions and basic concepts for understanding combustion data; the next sections discuss the large compilation of combustion data presented for various combustible classes; and the final section deals with the damage analyses of fire and explosion accidents."
“Good” Probability Assessors (1968)

Abstract Since a meteorologist's predictions are subjective, a framework for the evaluation of meteorological probability assessors must be consistent with the theory of subjective probability. Such a framework is described in this paper. First, two standards of “goodness,” one based upon normative considerations and one based upon substantive considerations, are proposed. Specific properties which a meteorologist's assessments should possess are identified for each standard. Then, several measures of “goodness,” or scoring rules, which indicate the extent to which such assessments possess certain properties, are described. Finally, several important uses of these scoring rules are considered.
High throughput methods of assessing protein stability and aggregation (2008)

The significant increase in the demand for purified protein for crystallization and structural studies has made necessary the development of multi-sample methods for identifying solution conditions that affect protein stability and aggregation. Conditions that stabilize proteins can improve protein purification and crystallization. These methods can be used to identify small molecule compounds or inhibitors that interact with the purified proteins, and might serve as starting points for drug discovery. In this article three methods for measuring protein stability and aggregation are described and discussed: differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), differential static light scattering (DSLS), and isothermal denaturation (ITD).
Fallkontrastierungen (1991)

Im vorherigen Kapitel wurden die Biographien von 7 der 10 von uns befragten Jugendlichen in ihrem Gesamtverlauf dargestellt. In dem nun folgenden Kapitel werden die Erfahrung der Jugendlichen in den für ihre Sozialisation zentralen Sozialzusammenhängen verglichen. Neben den sozialisatorisch besonders relevanten Sozialzusammenhängen Familie, Peers und Schule prägen bei einigen Jugendlichen Erfahrungen in Institutionen der öffentlichen Erziehung die biographische Entwicklung. Zur Methodik der Kontrastierung verweisen wir auf das Unterkapitel 2.6. im Methodenteil.
Comparing Ensembles Of Decision Trees And Neural Networks For One-day-ahead Stream Flow Predict (2013)

Ensemble learning methods have received remarkable attention in the recent years and led to considerable advancement in the performance of the regression and classification problems. Bagging and boosting are among the most popular ensemble learning techniques proposed to reduce the prediction error of learning machines. In this study, bagging and gradient boosting algorithms are incorporated into the model creation process for daily streamflow prediction. This paper compares two tree-based ensembles (bagged regression trees BRT & gradient boosted regression trees GBRT) and two artificial neural networks ensembles (bagged artificial neural networks BANN & gradient boosted artificial neural networks GBANN). Proposed ensembles are benchmarked to a conventional ANN (multilayer perceptron MLP). Coefficient of determination, mean absolute error and the root mean squared error measures are used for prediction performance evaluation. The results obtained in this study indicate that ensemble learning models yield better prediction accuracy than a conventional ANN model. Moreover, ANN ensembles are superior to tree-based ensembles.
Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Availability of Full-Fat Seeds, Meals, and Oils of Flax and Canola (1995)

The TME, true amino acid availability (TAAA), AME, and apparent amino acid availability (AAAA) were determined in full-fat seeds, meals, oils, and meal-oil mixtures of flax and canola using Single Comb White Leghorn roosters by the force feeding and total excreta collection assay. The metabolizable energy values were corrected to zero nitrogen balance to obtain AMEn and TMEn. The AMEn and TMEn contents of canola seed (4.46 and 4.56 kcal/g) were respectively higher (P < .05) than those of flax seed (3.75 and 3.75 kcal/g). Flax meal contains contents of AMEn (2.07 kcal/g) and TMEn (2.07 kcal/g) similar to those (1.98 and 2.09 kcal/g) of canola meal. There were no differences in AMEn and TMEn values between flax oil (8.10 and 8.28 kcal/g) and canola oil (8.25 and 8.46 kcal/g). No differences were observed among AME, AMEn, TME, and TMEn values within each test ingredient except canola meal: its TME value was higher (P < .05) than its AMEn value. The TAAA values were higher for full-fat seeds than for the meals and also higher for canola seed and meal than for flax seed and meal. The AAAA values, although lower than TAAA values, followed similar patterns as TAAA values. Both AAAA and TAAA values were higher when the ingredients were fed with a basal diet than when fed alone.
Predicting Psychosis (2012)

The state of clinical high risk is associated with a very high risk of developing psychosis within the first 3 years of clinical presentation, and the risk progressively increases across this period. The transition risk varies with the age of the patient, the nature of the treatment provided, and the way the syndrome and transition to psychosis are defined.
Psychedelic 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine: Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics, Drug Interactions, and Pharmacological Actions (2010)

5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) belongs to a group of naturally-occurring psychoactive indolealkylamine drugs. It acts as a nonselective serotonin (5-HT) agonist and causes many physiological and behavioral changes. 5-MeO-DMT is O-demethylated by polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) to an active metabolite, bufotenine, while it is mainly inactivated through the deamination pathway mediated by monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). 5-MeO-DMT is often used with MAO-A inhibitors such as harmaline. Concurrent use of harmaline reduces 5-MeO-DMT deamination metabolism and leads to a prolonged and increased exposure to the parent drug 5-MeO-DMT, as well as the active metabolite bufotenine. Harmaline, 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenine act agonistically on serotonergic systems and may result in hyperserotonergic effects or serotonin toxicity. Interestingly, CYP2D6 also has important contribution to harmaline metabolism, and CYP2D6 genetic polymorphism may cause considerable variability in the metabolism, pharmacokinetics and dynamics of harmaline and its interaction with 5-MeO-DMT. Therefore, this review summarizes recent findings on biotransformation, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacological actions of 5-MeO-DMT. In addition, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug-drug interactions between harmaline and 5-MeO-DMT, potential involvement of CYP2D6 pharmacogenetics, and risks of 5-MeO-DMT intoxication are discussed.
Design of a Compact UWB Planar Antenna with Band-Notch Characterization (2007)

A compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with band-notch characteristic of size 28 mm times 29 mm is proposed. This antenna is designed to cover the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) bandwidth for UWB applications (3.1-10.6 GHz) and have a notch- filtering at the IEEE 802.1 Ia frequency band (5.15-5.825 GHz). This notch-filter effect is obtained by introducing a resonant U-shaped slot at this frequency. The design parameters and the performance of the proposed antenna are analyzed by using different techniques to assure the validity of the simulated results. Comparison between measurements and simulation is also presented.
The effects of online advertising (2007)

Consumers' first impressions (and loyalties) are made in the opening moments of a Web site visit and the degree to which that visit may be intruded by pop-ups, pop-unders, and banner ads.
Prioritizing test cases for resource constraint environments using historical test case performance data (2009)

Regression testing has been widely used to assure the acquirement of appropriate quality through several versions of a software program. Regression testing, however, is too expensive in that, it requires many test case executions and a large number of test cases. To provide the missing flexibility, researchers introduced prioritization techniques. The aim in this paper has been to prioritize test cases during software regression test. To achieve this, a new equation is presented. The proposed equation considers historical effectiveness of the test cases in fault detection, each test case's execution history in regression test and finally the last priority assigned to the test case. The results of applying the proposed equation to compute the priority of regression test cases for two benchmarks, known as Siemens suite and Space program, demonstrate the relatively faster fault detection in resource and time constrained environments.
Anthropometric and human gait identification using skeleton data from Kinect sensor (2014)

This work investigates the use of 3D skeleton data retrieved from Microsoft Kinect sensor to obtain gait kinematic parameters from human walk for biometric identification. Several subjects were captured walking in front of the Kinect sensor resulting in a data set containing several 3D points from skeleton joints of each person. These points were used to extract anthropometric information and calculate angles described by lower joints (hips, knees and ankles) during walk in order to extract gait kinematic parameters. Statistical descriptors were used in the resulting curves to define attributes to train machine learning models (K-Nearest Neighbor and Multilayer Perceptron) and the models tested for its efficacy in identifying individuals from the attributes. The results were validated using the 10-fold cross-validation method and showed an overall high rate of accuracy.
Snf1 Protein Kinase and the Repressors Nrg1 and Nrg2 Regulate <i>FLO11</i>, Haploid Invasive Growth, and Diploid Pseudohyphal Differentiation (2002)

The Snf1 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is important for many cellular responses to glucose limitation, including haploid invasive growth. We show here that Snf1 regulates transcription of FLO11, which encodes a cell surface glycoprotein required for invasive growth. We further show that Nrg1 and Nrg2, two repressor proteins that interact with Snf1, function as negative regulators of invasive growth and as repressors of FLO11. We also examined the role of Snf1, Nrg1, and Nrg2 in two other Flo11-dependent processes. Mutations affected the initiation of biofilm formation, which is glucose sensitive, but also affected diploid pseudohyphal differentiation, thereby unexpectedly implicating Snf1 in a response to nitrogen limitation. Deletion of the NRG1 and NRG2 genes suppressed the defects of a snf1 mutant in all of these processes. These findings suggest a model in which the Snf1 kinase positively regulates Flo11-dependent developmental events by antagonizing Nrg-mediated repression of the FLO11 gene.