gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium carbonate, organic carbon, and nitrogen in sediments from drill holes on the continental margin off Florida (1968)

The organic constituents of sediments (calcium carbonate, organic carbon, and nitrogen) from six drill holes off Florida were analyzed in 47 samples. The drill holes penetrated the continental shelf, the upper Florida-Hatteras Slope, and the Blake Plateau. Differences in distribution and abundance of the organic constituents strongly suggest that two facies were deposited during the span of geologic time (Paleocene to Recent) represented by the samples. One facies (low organic carbon and nitrogen, uniform carbon-nitrogen ratio, and high calcium carbonate content) is characteristic of the Blake Plateau; the other facies (higher organic carbon and nitrogen, a carbonnitrogen ratio that increases with age, and relatively low calcium carbonate content) is typical of the shelf and of the upper Florida-Hatteras Slope. Some significant differences in the concentrations of the organic constituents are correlated with changes in the rates of supply and accumulation of sediment. These changes appear to be related to tectonic movement of the sea floor or the adjacent lowland of Florida, rather than to climatic changes.
Transport of <i>S</i> -Adenosylmethionine in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1972)

The properties of a specific system for the transport of S-adenosylmethionine in yeast are described. The process was pH-, temperature-, and energy-dependent, and showed saturation kinetics. The K(m) for the system was 3.3 x 10(-6)m. Of the S-adenosylmethionine moieties tested, only S-adenosylhomocysteine competitively inhibited the uptake of the adenosylsulfonium compound. Adenine, adenosine, methionine, homocysteine, and the sulfonium compound S-methylmethionine were without effect. The analogue S-adenosylethionine showed competitive inhibition. Under conditions of inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide or methionine starvation, permease activity was stable. The mutant sam-p3 apparently was able to transport S-adenosylmethionine only by diffusion. Uptake by diploids containing this mutation was directly proportional to the gene dose.
Biodegradability of Poly (<i>L</i>-lactic Acid) Functionally Graded Materials with Hardness Gradient (2004)

The aim of this study is to develop a functionally graded material (FGM) of biodegradable poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) with a hardness gradient. For this purpose, the PLLA was extruded at elevated temperatures to introduce molecular orientation. Two types of extrusion, direct extrusion and equal channel angular (ECA) extrusion, were carried out. Heat treatment without extrusion was also carried out at 50°C, 60°C and 70°C. For the mechanical property characterization, the hardness distributions were investigated using a Vickers microhardness tester. Biodegradability of PLLA FGM was measured by evaluating the mass decreasing ratio after incubation in a physiological saline solution at 37°C. It was found that the PLLA FGMs with symmetric and asymmetric hardness gradients could be fabricated by direct extrusion and ECA extrusion at elevated temperature, respectively. Although in the initial state the mass of PLLA gradually increased with the softening of the FGM, it started to decrease after two weeks.
Human Antiganglioside Autoantibodies: Validation of ELISA (2005)

Gangliosides have a hydrophilic sugar chain that contains antigenic determinants and a hydrophobic ceramide. In humans, gangliosides elicit a T-cell independent IgM response; antiganglioside IgM autoantibodies may be pentameric or polymeric. A correlation between specific neuropathies and antiganglioside autoantibodies has been confirmed. Although many neurologists attempt to lower titers of antiganglioside autoantibodies, oncologists are developing strategies to augment production of IgM antibodies that will remove immunosuppressive gangliosides from the circulation of patients and target gangliosides and kill tumor cells. Antiganglioside IgM antibodies can cause leakage of the blood-nerve barrier in a concentration-dependent and complement-independent manner, bind to neuronal gangliosides to create a neuromuscular block and serve as a marker of axonal damage in neuropathies such as multiple sclerosis. They are also a promising biomarker of early prostate cancer. There is a need to validate the protocol for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of antiganglioside IgM autoantibodies. This validation must consider the purity of gangliosides from different commercial sources, the coating of gangliosides onto a solid matrix in a manner that maximizes exposure of oligosaccharide epitopes to IgM paratopes, techniques to minimize background noise and eliminate nonspecific antibody binding, and carefully defined positive and negative controls. The validated protocol also must include a simple formula to estimate titers for several replicas. Finally, antibody titers must be converted to natural logs for statistical appraisal.
Baseline tumor size as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in patients with metastatic melanoma treated with the anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody MK-3475. (2014)

3015 Background: We explored baseline tumor size (BTS) as a prognostic factor in addition to standard prognostic variables for overall survival (OS) in pts with metastatic melanoma treated with MK-3475. Methods: In a phase I clinical trial, 411 pts received MK-3475 2 mg/kg Q3W, 10 mg/kg Q3W, or 10 mg/kg Q2W. Response was assessed every 12 wk by RECIST 1.1 by independent central review. BTS was quantified as the sum of the longest dimensions of all RECIST target lesions. Log-rank, Kaplan-Meier (KM), and Cox proportional hazards regressions were used to identify independent prognostic factors for OS. Cutpoints and combinations of prognostic factors were determined by binary tree analysis. Results: Of the 411 melanoma pts studied, 365 had measurable tumors at baseline and a median follow-up duration of 10 mo as of the 10/18/2013 cutoff date. Median OS was not reached, and 1-y OS was 71% in all 411 pts and 69% in the 365 pts included in this analysis. By univariate analysis, the following traditional factors were associated with OS: elevated LDH, ECOG performance status of 1, and M-stage 1c (Table). BTS (median 97.8 mm, range 10.4-895 mm) was significantly and strongly associated with OS using log-rank tests, Cox models, KM methods, and binary tree analysis. Binary tree analysis provided a cutpoint of 90 mm BTS as an independent factor. While tumor size >90 mm was associated with a worse prognosis, these pts did have a median OS of 14 mo in the combined data set, suggesting they derive benefit from MK-3475. Conclusions: Baseline tumor size is the strongest independent prognostic factor in pts with metastatic melanoma treated with MK3475. If further validated, baseline tumor size could serve as an additional factor when randomizing pts for future clinical trials using anti-PD1 therapies. Clinical trial information: NCT01295827. N = 363 n % Alive at 1 Year [95% CI] HR P value LDH Elevated 135 54.8 [37.8-71.9] 2.33 <0.001 Normal 225 77.2 [69.6-84.9] M-Stage M1c 213 64.9 [54.2-75.6] 1.56 <0.05 Not M1c 152 75.4 [65.5-85.4] ECOG performance status 0 261 74.6 [66.8-82.3] 2.23 <0.001 1 104 55.5 [36.5-74.4] Baseline tumor size >90 194 54.8 [40.4-69.2] 3.51 <0.001 ≤90 171 84.3 [77.4-91.3]
Changes in Globin Synthesis With Erythroid Cell Maturation in Sickle Thalassemia (1973)

Abstract Biochemical studies of different groups of patients with sickle β-thalassemia (S-thal) are described. In a group of relatively asymptomatic black patients with sickle thalassemia, there is mild anemia and no clinical symptomatology. α and β-type (βA,βS, and γ) globin chain synthesis in these patients is balanced in bone marrow cells, although there is an excess of α-over β-type chain synthesis in peripheral blood. These mildly affected patients are in contrast to two other groups of S-thal patients of both Mediterranean and black extraction who have anemia and clinical symptomatology and in whom there is absent or more decreased βA-chain production.
Risk Factors for Recurrence After Curative Conversion Surgery for Unresectable Gastric Cancer. (2015)

Initial cT4b disease appears to predict recurrence in patients with initially unresectable gastric cancer treated with curative conversion surgery. Effective use of additional chemotherapy may be required for patients with this risk factor.
Expression of terminal α2-6–linked sialic acid on von Willebrand factor specifically enhances proteolysis by ADAMTS13 (2009)

von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimeric composition is regulated in plasma by ADAMTS13. VWF deglycosylation enhances proteolysis by ADAMTS13. In this study, the role of terminal sialic acid residues on VWF glycans in mediating proteolysis by ADAMTS13 was investigated. Quantification and distribution of VWF sialylation was examined by sequential digestion and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Total sialic acid expression on VWF was 167nmol/mg, of which the majority (80.1%) was present on N-linked glycan chains. Enzymatic desialylation of VWF by alpha2-3,6,8,9 neuraminidase (Neu-VWF) markedly impaired ADAMTS13-mediated VWF proteolysis. Neu-VWF collagen binding activity was reduced to 50% (+/- 14%) by ADAMTS13, compared with 11% (+/- 7%) for untreated VWF. Despite this, Neu-VWF exhibited increased susceptibility to other proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, and cathepsin B. VWF expressing different blood groups exhibit altered ADAMTS13 proteolysis rates (O > or = B > A > or = AB). However, ABO blood group regulation of ADAMTS13 proteolysis was ablated on VWF desialylation, as both Neu-O-VWF and Neu-AB-VWF were cleaved by ADAMTS13 at identical rates. These novel data show that sialic acid protects VWF against proteolysis by serine and cysteine proteases but specifically enhances susceptibility to ADAMTS13 proteolysis. Quantitative variation in VWF sialylation therefore represents a key determinant of VWF multimeric composition and, as such, may be of pathophysiologic significance.
Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion with physical examination and the peripheral flow index correlates with dynamic near-infrared spectroscopy measurements in patients with septic shock (2008)

Peripheral blood flow can be markedly impaired in septic shock. Bedside assessment of this derangement has not yet been incorporated into routine clinical practice. We hypothesize that noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion with physical examination and the peripheral flow index (PFI) derived from the pulse oximetry signal can reflect sepsis-induced microcirculation alteration as measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in patients with septic shock.
Adaptive CD4+ regulatorische T-Zellen regulieren die Fibrogenese durch Produktion von IL–8 bei chronischer Hepatitis C (2012)

Kürzlich identifizierten und klonierten wir adaptive HCV spezifische regulatorische CD4+ T-Zellen (Tregs) aus dem Blut von Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis C (Langhans et al., Clin Sci 2010). Hier untersuchten wir funktionelle Eigenschaften dieser Treg-Klone in Bezug auf die Entstehung von Fibrose.Durch Microarray-Analyse verglichen wir die Genexpressionsprofile von Treg-Klonen der Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis C mit denen der Personen mit spontan ausgeheilter HCV-Infektion. Die Hochregulation von Genen wurde auch auf Proteinebene analysiert. Zudem korrelierten wir die Anzahl von Tregs mit dem Stadium der Leberfibrose. Wir analysierten auch den Einfluss von Treg-Klonen auf die Aktivierung von primären humanen hepatischen Sternzellen (HSC) durch Nachweis von Collagen, SMA, TGF-beta, TIMP1 und MMP2 (semiquantitative RT-PCR).Die Microarray-Analyse zeigte eine 20-fache Hochregulation von IL–8 in Treg-Klonen von chronischer Hepatitis C (p< 0.01). Die Hochregulation von IL–8 konnte in den Treg-Klonen (5-fach, p<0.05) und in frisch isolierten Tregs aus dem Blut von chronischer Hepatitis C bestätigt werden (2-fach, p<0.05). Durch Blockierungsexperimente konnte ausgeschlossen werden, dass die durch Treg-Klone vermittelte Hemmung von Reporter-Klonen durch IL–8 erfolgt. Demgegenüber führten Überstände von Treg-Klonen zu einer Aktivierung von HSC (3-fache Hochregulation von TIMP1 bzw. MMP2 und 2-fache Hochregulation von TGF-beta; jeweils p<0.05). Schließlich korrelierte die Anzahl von Tregs nach direkter Isolation aus dem Blut wie auch nach Stimulation mit HCV Core signifikant mit Fibroseparametern (Metavir Score: r=0,46 bzw. 0,41, p=0,02 bzw. 0,04; Lebersteifheit: r=0,70 bzw. 0,53, p=0,001 bzw. 0,023).Unsere Daten deuten auf eine Expansion von Tregs im Blut von Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Fibrose hin. Durch die Produktion von IL–8 und die Aktivierung von HSC könnten HCV spezifische Tregs zur Fibrogenese bei chronischer Hepatitis C beitragen.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselectivity of Nitration of Thieno‐Fused Quinoline and Isoquinoline Derivatives. (1990)

Abstract Theoretical MNDO calculations are performed for sigma complexes occurring in nitration reactions of title compounds (see foregoing ref.) to interprete the selectivities observed.
Phosphorylation-induced Conformational Changes of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Monitored by Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform IR Spectroscopy and Fluorescence Spectroscopy (2004)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a member of the ABC protein superfamily. Phosphorylation of a regulatory domain of this protein is a prerequisite for activity. We analyzed the effect of protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation on the structure of purified and reconstituted CFTR protein. 1H/2H exchange monitored by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform IR spectroscopy demonstrates that CFTR is highly accessible to aqueous medium. Phosphorylation of the regulatory (R) domain by PKA further increases this accessibility. More specifically, fluorescence quenching of cytosolic tryptophan residues revealed that the accessibility of the cytoplasmic part of the protein is modified by phosphorylation. Moreover, the combination of polarized IR spectroscopy with 1H/2H exchange suggested an increase of the accessibility of the transmembrane domains of CFTR. This suggests that CFTR phosphorylation can induce a large conformational change that could correspond either to a displacement of the R domain or to long range conformational changes transmitted from the phosphorylation sites to the nucleotide binding domains and the transmembrane segments. Such structural changes may provide better access for the solutes to the nucleotide binding domains and the ion binding site.
Reaction Sintering and Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite–Zirconia Composites with Calcium Fluoride Additions (2002)

The effects of calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) additions on the densification and mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite–zirconia composites (HA–ZrO 2 ) were investigated. When small amount of CaF 2 was added, the density of the composites was markedly enhanced. The reactions of HA with CaF 2 , which led to the formation of fluorapatite (FA), were attributed to the observed improvements in densification. When HA–20‐vol%‐ZrO 2 composites were sintered, with the addition of 5 vol% of CaF 2 , in air at 1300°C, the density of the specimen approached 98% of the theoretical value. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites were also improved, as a result of the enhanced densification.
Metastable chalcogen-related luminescent centers in silicon (1994)

Selenium-doped silicon quenched after heat treatment at 800 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C exhibits deep luminescence similar to that previously reported in sulfur-doped silicon. The corresponding Se-related complex gives rise to two deep bound-exciton (BE) photoluminescence (PL) emissions, which at low temperature have no-phonon (NP) lines at 955.5 meV (${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathit{A}}^{0}$) and 772.2 meV (${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathit{B}}^{0}$), respectively. A series of equidistant phonon replicas is observed with the same phonon energy as in the sulfur case. By increasing the temperature in the PL experiments associated BE excited-state lines are detected higher in energy with a separation of 10.5 and 12.4 meV, respectively, from the lowest NP lines. The metastability of both the S- and Se-related defects is investigated and discussed as well as the influence of the excitation photon energy on the intensity of the PL emission. The metastability is also confirmed by optically detected magnetic-resonance results, which also show that the (${\mathrm{S}}_{\mathit{A}}^{0}$) and (${\mathrm{Se}}_{\mathit{A}}^{0}$) lines correspond to an excited spin-triplet state. Both defects are found to have a low symmetry. When they are in the A configuration the symmetry is monoclinic I with one axis tilted approximately 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} from the [11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}1] axis in the (110) plane.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AQUATIC TOXICITY AND OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF UNSUBSTITUTED PHENYLENEDIAMINES (1990)

The static acute toxicities and degradative rates of the unsubstituted phenylenediamines (pdas) varied significantly among the ortho, para and meta isomers. With fathead minnows, the nominal 96-h LC50s were 0.06, 44 and 1,600 mg/L for p-pda, o-pda and m-pda, respectively. In daphnid tests, the nominal 48-h EC50s were 0.28, 0.87 and 5.9 mg/L for p-pda, o-pda and m-pda, respectively. The nominal 96-h EC50s in algae were 0.28, 0.16 and 2.4 mg/L forp-pda, o-pda and m-pda, respectively. With oxygenation, the times to reach 1/2 initial concentrations were 4 to 9 h for p-pda, 650 to 1,100 h for o-pda and 3,200 to 8,100 h for m-pda. Results suggest acute toxicities of pdas are related to their chemical reactivities (degradative rates) and that pdas may degrade rapidly under environmental conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: (R)‐S‐Benzyl Thioglycerate, a New C3 Bifunctional Chiral Material Obtained in Fermenting Bakers′ Yeast from Benzyl Mercaptan. (1990)

Abstract Fermenting of D‐glucose (I) with bakers' yeast in the presence of bezylmercaptane (II) results in the formation of (R)‐S‐benzyl thioglycerate (III).
The herpes simplex virus type 1 UL37 gene product is a component of virus particles (1994)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 UL37 gene encodes a protein with an M(r) of 120K that is produced at late times after infection. To study the properties of this protein we have linked a 10 amino acid epitope derived from a human cytomegalovirus protein to the UL37 polypeptide coding sequences by inserting an oligonucleotide at a SpeI site that is unique in the virus genome and lies close to the 3' end of the open reading frame. From studies on the resultant virus recombinant using a monoclonal antibody that recognizes the inserted epitope we find that, contrary to a previous report, the UL37 protein is a structural component of both virions and L particles and is present in the tegument of virus particles. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis revealed that the protein is distributed throughout infected cells but is more abundant in the cytoplasm than the nucleus.
Effect of Modified Cooking on Bleachability of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens (2014)

This work evaluates the effect of SuperBatch™ (SB), CompactCooking™ (CC), and Lo-Solids™ (LS) modified cooking concepts on pulp bleachability of Eucalyptus globulus and Eucalyptus nitens. E. globulus wood samples presented higher amounts of cellulose and E. nitens higher amounts of hemicellulose and acetone extractives. The same trend was observed in brownstock and in fully-bleached pulps. E. globulus wood sample presented lower amounts of lignin and higher S/G ratio than E. nitens. In the brownstock pulps, the amount of Hexenuronic Acids (HexA) and total lignin for E. globulus and E. nitens did not present significant difference variation in the contribution to kappa number 17±0.5. No significant differences were found in intrinsic viscosity among modified cooking methods in unbleached and in fully-bleached pulps. For both species, the CC produced pulps with the highest hemicelluloses content after cooking to the fully-bleached pulp. In this work, one cannot observe differences in bleachability of E. globulus and E. nitens caused by different modified cooking concepts.
[Comparison of refractometric and ultraviolet detection methods in lactulose assay by high performance liquid chromatography]. (1990)

Dosage of lactulose and determination of related sugars (lactose, fructose, galactose, épilactose) were undertaken by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The present note described two modes of detection used simultaneously and compared: refractive index detector (RI) and multiwavelength ultraviolet detector (UV). HPLC is performed with an aminopropylsylil phase as stationary phase and an isocratic mobile phase containing acetonitrile and aqueous sodium phosphate. The results are outlined and discussed.
Radiation Effects on Silicon MESFET Devices and Circuits (1981)

An experimental evaluation of the radiation tolerance of silicon MESFET devices and simple digital integrated circuits is presented. Circuit performance in both total dose and transient radiation environments have been determined. Test circuits employing both enhancement and depletion logic elements of various geometries are described and the radiation response compared.
Light- and pH-Dependent Conformational Changes in Protein Structure Induce Strong Bending of Purple Membranes—Active Membranes Studied by Cryo-SEM (2008)

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) undergoes a conformational change during the photocycle and the proton transport through the membrane. For the first time, we could demonstrate by direct imaging of freely suspended native purple membranes (PMs) that the flat disk-like shape of PMs changes dramatically as soon as most of the BRs are in a state characterized by a deprotonated Schiff base. Light-induced shape changes are easily observed with mutated BRs of the BR-D96N type, i.e., all variants which show an increased M 2 lifetime. On the other hand, large-scale shape changes are induced by pH changes with PM containing mutated BRs of the BR-D85T type, where Asp85 is replaced for a neutral amino acid. In such PMs, all BRs are titrated simultaneously and the resulting shape of the membranes depends on the initial shape only. As the majority of PMs in the "flat" state are more or less round disks, the bent membranes often comprise bowl-like and tube-like bent structures. The method presented here enables one to derive size changes of membrane-embedded BRs on the single molecule level from "macroscopic", easily accessible data like the curvature radii observed in cryo-SEM. The potential of BR as a pH-controlled and/or light-controlled microscaled biological actuator needs further consideration.
Numerical and physical modelling of pipe-soil interaction (1999)

Extensive experiments have been conducted to investigate pipe performance in soil as part of a large international project on soil-pipe interaction. Various soil materials, soil-pipe relative flexibility and loading mechanisms were considered. Part of the objective was to accumulate a large amount of experimental data for use in setting up, calibrating and validating a continuum finite element model for pipe-soil interaction. This paper presents the results of Class 'C' predictions of the full scale tests of lateral loading of a rigid pipe buried in various clay and sand materials. Limitations of the numerical model are also discussed. 8 refs., 7 figs.