gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of nozzle operation on mass transfer in jet aerated loop reactors. Characterization and comparison to an aerated stirred tank reactor (2018)

The impact of mass transfer on productivity can become a crucial aspect in the fermentative production of bulk chemicals. For highly aerobic bioprocesses the oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and productivity are coupled. The achievable space time yields can often be correlated to the mass transfer performance of the respective bioreactor. The oxygen mass transfer capability of a jet aerated loop reactor is discussed in terms of the volumetric oxygen mass transfer coefficient k<sub>L</sub>a [h<sup>-1</sup>] and the energetic oxygen transfer efficiency E [kgO<sub>2</sub> kW<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>]. The jet aerated loop reactor (JLR) is compared to the frequently deployed aerated stirred tank reactor. In jet aerated reactors high local power densities in the mixing zone allow higher mass transfer rates, compared to aerated stirred tank reactors. When both reactors are operated at identical volumetric power input and aeration rates, local k<sub>L</sub>a values up to 1.5 times higher are possible with the JLR. High dispersion efficiencies in the JLR can be maintained even if the nozzle is supplied with pressurized gas. For increased oxygen demands (above 120 mmol L<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>) improved energetic oxygen transfer efficiencies of up to 100 % were found for a JLR compared to an aerated stirred tank reactor operating with Rushton turbines.
Numerical Analysis of a New Configuration of Ground-Air Heat Exchanger (2017)

This paper represents an investigation on geothermal cooling/heating systems based on a numerical study of a Ground-Air Heat Exchanger (GAHE) in order to improve the performance of air conditioning system and minimize the area occupied by the GAHE. A new configuration of the GAHE (Horizontal Spiral) was evaluated. The Finite Volume Method was used to discretize the calculation's domain. On each control volume, the fundamental differential conservation equations were applied and integrated, for this purpose, a commercial CFD software (ANSYS FLUENT) has been used. A transient three-dimensional model for predicting the distribution temperature in the soil and in the GAHE was carried out. Preliminary validation of the numerical model was carried out and the obtained results agreed well with the experiments and numerical results cited in the literature. Next, a comparison between spirals shaped and other geometry was carried out to find the more suitable the more compact configuration occupying less soil's space. Finally, we studied and discussed the effect of the pitch (distance between axis centers of tubes) on the outlet temperature of the GAHE.
Stability of the glyco-enzyme tissue plasminogen activator studied by circular dichroism (1995)

Conference Article| February 01 1995 Stability of the glyco-enzyme tissue plasminogen activator studied by circular dichroism D.T. CRANE; D.T. CRANE 1Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Haematology Division, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts. EN6 3QG England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar B. BOLGIANO; B. BOLGIANO 1Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Haematology Division, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts. EN6 3QG England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. JONES; C. JONES 1Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Haematology Division, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts. EN6 3QG England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar T.A. EDGELL; T.A. EDGELL 1Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Haematology Division, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts. EN6 3QG England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J.B. PRING; J.B. PRING 1Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Haematology Division, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts. EN6 3QG England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar P.J. GAFFNEY P.J. GAFFNEY 1Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Haematology Division, NIBSC, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Herts. EN6 3QG England Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Biochem Soc Trans (1995) 23 (1): 105S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023105s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D.T. CRANE, B. BOLGIANO, C. JONES, T.A. EDGELL, J.B. PRING, P.J. GAFFNEY; Stability of the glyco-enzyme tissue plasminogen activator studied by circular dichroism. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1995; 23 (1): 105S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst023105s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1995 Biochemical Society1995 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
CCD detector development for the eROSITA space telescope (2010)

The German X-ray telescope eROSITA is the core instrument on the Russian satellite Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma (SRG). Its scientific goal is the exploration of the X-ray Universe in the energy band from about 0.3 keV up to 10 keV with excellent energy, time and spatial resolution and large effective telescope area. The launch of the SRG satellite is scheduled for 2013. The observational program divides the planned mission duration of seven years into an all-sky survey and pointed observations. For detection of the single X-ray photons with high resolution, adequate frame transfer pnCCDs and the associated front-end electronics have been developed. The back-illuminated, 450 μm thick and fully depleted pnCCDs with a 3 cm × 3 cm large image area have been produced in the MPI Halbleiterlabor in the course of further development of the XMM-Newton X-ray pnCCDs. By means of the concept of back-illumination and full depletion of the chip thickness, high quantum efficiency is obtained over the entire energy band of interest. The performance of each eROSITA CCD was tested on chip level using a so-called `cold chuck probe station'. A special feature of this setup is that it allows spectroscopic measurements with a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">55</sup> Fe source. Based on these results, we will select the seven best CCDs for the eROSITA focal plane cameras. An analog signal processor with 128 parallel channels has been developed for readout of the pnCCD signals. This ASIC permits fast and low-noise signal filtering. For a detailed characterization of the CCD detectors an appropriate control, supply and data acquisition electronics system was developed. We achieve a read noise of 2 electrons rms and an energy resolution of 135 eV FWHM for photons with energy of 5.9 keV. Even at the low X-ray energy of 280 eV, we measure a spectrum of Gaussian shape with a FWHM of 52 eV. However, the energy resolution will degrade during the seven years in space due to radiation damage caused by protons. The radiation damage effect was studied and quantified for the eROSITA CCDs in an experiment. After successful development and verification of the CCD and its signal processor chip, we have started to assemble a flight-like eROSITA camera.
Stakeholder views on secondary findings in whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies (2016)

This review suggests that bidirectional interaction during consent might best facilitate informed decision making about SF and that dynamic forms of consent, allowing for changing preferences, should be considered. Research exploring views from wider perspectives and from recipients who have received SF is critical if evidence-based policies are to be achieved.Genet Med 19 3, 283-293.
Efficiency of selective two-stage laser interaction with an atomic beam (1975)

The efficiency of a two-stage selective laser interaction with an atomic beam is analyzed on the assumption that the interaction region is uniformly illuminated and the atomic beam is an optically thin layer. It is assumed that there is no spontaneous or field-induced recombination. The analysis is made for three energy levels. Formulas are obtained for the dependences of the efficiency of the interaction on such parameters as the laser radiation intensity, excited-state lifetime, absorption cross section, atomic (molecular) beam velocity, and dimensions of this beam.
Polypeptide composition of spleen necrosis virus, a reticuloendotheliosis virus (1975)

The polypeptide composition of virions of spleen necrosis virus, a reticuloendotheliosis virus, was determined using electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing, 10 percent polyacrylamide gels. Ten polypeptides were resolved. Four of these were present in minor and somewhat variable amounts. Two proteins, gp71 and gp22, contained D-glucosamine and were located on the outer surface of the lipid envelope, as demonstrated by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination and by bromelain digestion. The results suggest that two of the minor proteins, p36 and p26, were also located on the outer surface, although they lacked D-glucosamine. Treatment of the virus with 0.25 percent Nonidet P-40 and 1 percent dithiothreitol produced a subparticle with a buoyant density of approximately 1.31 g/cm-3. This particle was relatively enriched with polypeptides p77, p62, and p50 and contained small amounts of three other polypeptides.
Chemical vapor deposition of functionalized isobenzofuran polymers (2007)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2007.
Theory of avalanche breakdown in InSb and InAs (1967)

We have constructed a theory of avalanche breakdown for polar semiconductors such as InSb and InAs in which the primary electron-scattering mechanism is polar-optical-mode scattering. Because of the anisotropy of polar scattering, previous theories of avalanche breakdown involving the assumptions of an isotropic scattering probability and/or a nearly isotropic electron distribution should not be appropriate for polar semiconductors. We have assumed a very anisotropic electron distribution which is narrowly drawn out in the direction of the electric field. We also distinguish between small- and large-angle scattering, since for polar scattering, the probability of scattering to a state close to the initial state is much greater than the probability for scattering through a large angle, although the latter process results in a greater loss of energy, since it places the electron in a state in which it is decelerated by the field. The electron distribution function is obtained analytically, and from it the pair-generation rate and electron drift velocity are calculated for InSb and InAs. The pair-generation rate for InSb is obtained using the ionicity which best fits the low-field-mobility data and a hyperbolic conduction band, and it agrees very well with experimental data on the generation rate in InSb. The calculated drift velocity at fields above 200 V/cm is also in good agreement with the drift-velocity measurements by Glicksman and Hicenbothem, showing that the electron distribution is, indeed, highly anisotropic.
SULEV Emission Technologies for a Five Cylinder N/A Engine (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The new SULEV legislation for passenger cars with gasoline powered engines, which will be introduced with the California LEV II program in the year 2003, requires a further development of the exhaust aftertreatment system. Three fundamentally different system approaches, each with very high efficiency in reducing cold start hydrocarbons, will be discussed in this paper. Vehicle test results will be presented to illustrate the potential of the respective systems towards the SULEV requirements. Durability aspects are also considered since an increased durability of 120 000 and even 150 000 miles is imposed by the legislation.</div>
Separation of hydrocarbons of high molecular weight by adsorption on silica gel (1939)

Data are presented on the separation of different types of hydrocarbons of high molecular weight by adsorption on silica gel. A sharp separation of 5-{7tetrahydronaphth yl)-docosane from 5-{2-decahydronaphthyl)-docosane, and ndotriacontane from 1-{p-diphenyl)-octadecane was obtained. Some separation of 1-{p-diphenyl)-octadecane from 5-{7-tetrahydronaphthyl)-docosane was found, but the separation was not as sharp as with the two preceding mixtures. No separation of a mixture of n-dotriacontane and 5-{2-decahydronaphthyl)-docosane was found.
Piezoelectric Pb(Zr<i><sub>x</sub></i>, Ti<sub>1 </sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>)O<sub>3</sub>thin film cantilever and bridge acoustic sensors for miniaturized photoacoustic gas detectors (2004)

Novel, highly sensitive piezoelectric acoustic sensors based on partially unclamped Pb(Zr-x, Ti1-x)O-3 (PZT) coated cantilever and bridge have been fabricated by silicon micromachining. High sensitivity at low frequencies (5-100 Hz) has been achieved by patterning very narrow slits (3 to 5 mum) around the structures. A typical response of 100 mV Pa-1 and a noise equivalent pressure of 1.6 mPa Hz(1/2) at 20 Hz have been measured using a 10 pF charge amplifier. Stress compensation, dry etching and integration of high performance piezoelectric thin films were the key issues. PZT/Pt/SiO2 stacks have been patterned by reactive ion etching and stress compensation has been achieved by compensating the PZT film's tensile stress by adjusting the thickness of a thermal SiO2 layer. The integration of sol-gel PZT films with a transverse piezoelectric coefficient e(31,f) of -12.8 C m(-2) has been realized without any degradation of the properties. The microphones were successfully integrated into a miniature photoacoustic detector and tested for CO2 detection. Concentrations down to 330 ppm could be measured with significant signals.
Vero Cytotoxin Binding to Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes among Households with Children with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (2001)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the leading cause of acute renal failure in childhood, can be caused by different serotypes of vero cytotoxin (VT; i.e., Shiga toxin)-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). Recently, VT was shown to bind to polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) in the systemic circulation of patients with HUS. This study investigated whether VT bound to PMNL could be detected in persons in households with patients with HUS. Serum antibodies against E. coli O157 and, when available, fecal samples from patients with HUS and household members were studied for the presence of VTEC infection. The circulating PMNL of 82% of the household members were positive for VT, whereas stool and/or serum examination showed only 21% positivity. Thus, current methods underestimate the number of infected persons in households with patients with HUS.
Preparation, characterization and catalytic activity in the deep oxidation of acetone of Cr,Al-pillared saponites (1998)

A natural saponite was pillared with hydroxy-aluminium, hydroxy-chromium and hydroxy-chromium–aluminium solutions. The solutions of intercalation were characterized by visible spectroscopy, showing the presence of chromium oligomers. The pillared saponites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and nitrogen adsorption. The catalytic activity of these materials in the deep oxidation of acetone has been investigated. © 1998 SCI
Weak E⊗E Jahn-Teller effect of a Au-related deep center in silicon (1991)

A new line spectrum in gold-doped silicon with a prominent zero-phonon line at 6120 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is discussed. Several phonon replicas are observed with a phonon energy of about 57.4 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The phonon replicas are split due to a weak Jahn-Teller interaction of E\ensuremath{\bigotimes}E type. The center, which is suggested to have trigonal symmetry, is likely to involve two substitutional gold atoms and an iron atom on a tetrahedral interstitial site.
Ultrasonographic distribution and duration of udder edema in post-partum and over-bagged dairy cows (2007)

The objective of this study was to determine the ultrasonographic distribution and duration of edema in the mammary gland of dairy cattle due to recent parturition or prolonged duration of not milking ("over-bagging"). Mammary glands of 74 post-partum cows were imaged ultrasonographically within 24 hours of parturition and every 48 hours until ultrasonographically negative for mammary gland edema for 96 hours. All post-partum cows were imaged 10-11 hours after last milking. Distribution of edema on ultrasonographic examination of the mammary gland was also mapped on 26 over-bagged cows at exhibitions. Sixty-eight of 74 (91.8%) post-partum dairy cattle had ultrasonographically detectable udder edema. Post-partum edema was centered at the ventral midline region at the junction of the udder and body wall between the subcutaneous abdominal veins. Edema persisted for an average of 14.7 days in the fore and 14.8 days in the rear quarters. No edema was detected after 22 days post-partum in any cow. In the fore udder of over-bagged cows, edema was centered on the peripheral vein mid-height on the lateral surface of the fore quarters. In the rear quarter, edema was centered in the mid to ventral aspect of the median crease. Average time since last milking in the "over-bagged group" was 19 hours, and average days-in-milk was 104 days. These two patterns of distributions are important for differentiation from injection-induced edema in show cows, and ultrasonographic differences between physiological and artificially induced edema are discussed.
Cereal product fortification: The B vitamins, with special reference to thiamine losses in baked products (1956)

Abstract Certain aspects of cereal product enrichment with vitamins of the B group, especially thiamine, are discussed with particular reference to wheaten flour and rice. Losses of thiamine during the baking of bread and certain cakes and biscuits were found by the thiochrome method to be 17.3–23.3%, 22.7–33.1% and 26.0–29.7%, respectively. During the toasting of bread, thiamine losses ranged from 13.4 to 31.0% depending on the thickness of the slice. There was no indication that thiamine is destroyed during fermentation of bread dough. It is suggested that some degree of enrichment of existing National flour, in addition to that of low extraction flours, may be desirable in Great Britain.
An SiO2 Film Deposition Technology Using Tetraethylorthosilicate and Ozone for Interlayer Metal Dielectrics (1996)

A void‐free interlayer dielectric film formation technology has been developed. This technology utilizes tetraethylorthosilicate [TEOS, ]/ozone atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) film gap‐filling, and the TEOS‐based dual frequency plasma enhanced vapor deposition (PECVD) film as an underlayer of APCVD film. This technology enables the formation of void‐free interlayer dielectric films without any pretreatment for the underlayer between aluminum wirings line and space of 600 and 600 nm, respectively. Single‐frequency PECVD films are also applied as an underlayer of APCVD gap‐filling. However, void‐free gap‐filling cannot be achieved, even using the single frequency PECVD underlayer. To clarify the mechanism of the void‐free gap‐filling, the underlayer PECVD film properties are investigated. The film density at the Al wiring pattern's sidewall of the dual‐frequency PECVD films is equal to that at the pattern's bottom, while the density at the pattern's sidewall formed using single‐frequency PECVD films is lower than that at the pattern's bottom. The carbon concentration for the dual‐frequency PECVD films is lower than that for the single‐frequency PECVD films. The and acetaldehyde detected from the dual‐frequency PECVD films due to the oxidation of the ethoxy group, is much more than that from the single‐frequency PECVD films. Based on the experimental results, the mechanism of void‐free gap‐filling of APCVD films is considered to consist of three steps; (i) involving R ions (R, alkyl group) into the PECVD films during film deposition, (ii) Si‒OR bonds formation at the PECVD films' surface, and (iii) oligomers flow at APCVD film deposition. It is considered that the oligomers flow is promoted by the Si‒OR bonds, resulting in the void‐free gap‐filling. The dual‐frequency PECVD films can improve the gap‐filling of APCVD films.
Charge-Transfer-Type Hydrogen Ion Image Sensor (2016)

The charge transfer technique, which can operate in the charge accumulation mode, is suitable for pH imaging to detect small changes in potential. An advanced charge-transfer-type hydrogen image sensor consisting of 1024 × 1024 pixels was fabricated. The new pixel design and scanning system achieve a high-density image element with a pixel area of 12.1 × 12.1 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is 73% less than that in our previous work. The pH sensitivity is 29.8 mV/pH when using standard pH solutions. All 1024 × 1024 pixels are capable of measuring hydrogen ions, as demonstrated in a video of hydrogen ion movement on the new sensor chip.
The effect of media perfusion on three‐dimensional cultures of human chondrocytes: Integration of experimental and computational approaches (2004)

This work examines the effect of perfusion on human mature articular chondrocytes cultured on synthetic biodegradable scaffolds (DegraPol). Human chondrocytes were isolated, seeded on the scaffolds and subjected to perfused culture at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, corresponding to an average inlet fluid velocity of 44 microm/s, with flow inversion every 1 minute. The flow was imposed at the construct surface in some constructs, it was forced through the construct thickness in other constructs and was absent in the static controls. We compared cell viability and morphology and we evaluated material properties of the constructs at 1 month of culture. Thickness-perfused constructs showed significantly higher material properties and roughly a two-fold cell viability, when compared both to surface-perfused constructs and to static controls. Chondrocytes maintained a phenotypic morphology in all experiments, probably favoured by a limited cell-scaffold interaction. Biosynthetic activity could be demonstrated only in the bioreactor-cultured constructs. In this experimental model, a bi-directional flow of culture medium was applied to the cells at a macroscopic level and computational modelling was used to quantify the fluid-dynamic environment induced on the cells at a microscopic level. This method may be used to quantify the effects of fluid-dynamic shear on the growth modulation of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs, to potentially enhance tissue growth in vitro.