gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Generation, Stereochemistry, and Molecular Dynamics of a 1,3‐Bis(phosphonio)propenide Cation. (1990)

Abstract A useful model for the free allyl anion is the methyldiphosphoniopropenide (IV) (space group P2 1 /n, Z=4).
Coating Matters: Review on Colloidal Stability of Nanoparticles with Biocompatible Coatings in Biological Media, Living Cells and Organisms (2018)

Within the last two decades, the field of nanomedicine has not developed as successfully as has widely been hoped for. The main reason for this is the immense complexity of the biological systems, including the physico-chemical properties of the biological fluids as well as the biochemistry and the physiology of living systems. The nanoparticles' physicochemical properties are also highly important. These differ profoundly from those of freshly synthesized particles when applied in biological/living systems as recent research in this field reveals. The physico-chemical properties of nanoparticles are predefined by their structural and functional design (core and coating material) and are highly affected by their interaction with the environment (temperature, pH, salt, proteins, cells). Since the coating material is the first part of the particle to come in contact with the environment, it does not only provide biocompatibility, but also defines the behavior (e.g. colloidal stability) and the fate (degradation, excretion, accumulation) of nanoparticles in the living systems. Hence, the coating matters, particularly for a nanoparticle system for biomedical applications, which has to fulfill its task in the complex environment of biological fluids, cells and organisms. In this review, we evaluate the performance of different coating materials for nanoparticles concerning their ability to provide colloidal stability in biological media and living systems.
A comparative study of rotor flux based MRAS and back EMF based MRAS speed estimators for speed sensorless vector control of induction machines (2002)

This paper seeks to provide a direct comparison between two types of induction motor MRACS based speed estimators, one based on the rotor flux and the other based on the back EMF. Comparison between the two techniques is made through computer simulations and verified with experimental results obtained from a digital signal processor (DSP) based vector control system. The performances of both techniques are evaluated in an indirect vector control system and the results are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Recognition: Hydrogen Bonding and Stacking Interactions Stabilize a Model for Nucleic Acid Structure. (1987)

Abstract Hydrogen bonding and stacking interactions are both relevant in molecular recognition as known from base pairing of double‐stranded nucleic acid structures.
Red Storm performance of molecular dynamics modeling. (2005)

Tolerance induction to transplantation-associated carbohydrate antigens, such as blood group A or B and the alpha-gal epitope (Gal(alpha)1-3Gal(beta)1-4GlcNAc-R), is of clinical significance. This study demonstrates tolerance induction to the alpha-gal epitope in the experimental animal model of alpha1,3galactosyltransferanse knockout mice (KO mice) lacking alpha-gal epitopes by administering syngeneic lymphocytes expressing alpha-gal epitopes. Repeated immunization of control KO mice with pig kidney membranes (PKM) expressing many alpha-gal epitopes induces an extensive anti-Gal antibody response against this epitope. In contrast, KO mice that received as few as 2 x 10(6) wild-type (WT) lymphocytes were tolerized and failed to produce anti-Gal following PKM immunizations. Accordingly, control mice producing anti-Gal rapidly rejected transplanted WT hearts, whereas tolerized mice did not reject WT hearts. These findings suggest that autologous blood lymphocytes processed to express a carbohydrate antigen may induce a similar tolerance to such an antigen upon administration into humans.
INFLUENCE DE LA PRESENCE D'UN COMPOSEGRAPHITE-FeCl3 LORS DE LA CARBONISATION D'UN BRAI DE HOUILLE (1995)

The synthesis of a new kind of adsorbent has been carried out, using
		an original method. Green cokes were elaborated from the pyrolysis of a coal tar
		pitch mixed with first stage FeCb-graphite intercalation compounds (GIC).
		Carbonaceous materials with adsorbent properties can be obtained after activation
		of these green-cokes.
		The influence of the GIC during the pyrolysis of mixtures of coal tar
		pitch-GIC has been studied : the presence of the Lewis acid (FeCb), because of
		its catalytic effect, leads to an increase in the green-coke yield. Thermal stability
		of the first stage GIC (which can be approximately formulated : CvFeCb) under
		the same heat treatement conditions has been followed : the most significant
		desorption of FeCb takes place in the same temperature range as that of the
		transformation of coal tar pitch into green-coke. Study of the mesophase
		(intermediate phase between coal tar pitch and green-coke) shows the catalytic
		effect of the GIC during this step. Finally, the adsorbing properties of the
		activated green cokes have been studied with gases such as H2S
Spatial diffusion of carriers in a quantum dot system grown by shadow mask controlled epitaxy (2004)

We use slit-confocal microscopy to study spatial diffusion of carriers between quantum dot ensembles coupled through a wide wire-like barrier. When carriers are photo-excited above in this barrier the diffusion on a scale of 5 microns has been observed.
Reactions of <scp>d</scp>-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with chromophoric thiol reagents (1971)

The kinetics of the reaction of d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase with 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) show that NAD(+) dissociates from the enzyme before the reaction. In contrast 2-chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol reacts with the holoenzyme without prior dissociation of NAD(+). These studies and observations on the dissociation constant of NAD(+) to the lobster enzyme show that NAD(+) must dissociate from sites modified by substrates during the reductive dephosphorylation of 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. All four sites per tetramer of the apoenzyme are acylated by 1,3-diphosphoglycerate. Hydrolysis of the acyl-enzyme occurs at a significant rate even in the absence of NAD(+), which may explain previous estimates that only two sites per tetramer can readily be acylated.
A 20Gb/s triple-mode (PAM-2, PAM-4, and duobinary) transmitter (2011)

Increasing data rates over electrical channels with significant frequency dependent loss is difficult due to excessive inter-symbol interference (ISI). In order to achieve sufficient link margins at high rates, I/O system designers implement equalization in the transmitters and are motivated to consider more spectrally-efficient modulation formats relative to the common PAM2 scheme, such as PAM4 and duobinary. This paper reviews when to consider PAM4 and duobinary formats, as the modulation scheme which yields the highest system margins at a given data rate is a function of the channel loss profile. A 20Gb/s triple-mode transmitter capable of efficiently implementing these three common modulation schemes and three-tap feed-forward equalization is presented. A power efficient quarter-rate duobinary precoder circuit is proposed which provides significant timing margin improvement relative to full-rate precoders. Simulation results in a 90nm CMOS technology compare the different modulation schemes over three backplane channels with different loss profiles.
Scaling VLSI design debugging with interpolation (2009)

Given an erroneous design, functional verification returns an error trace exhibiting a mismatch between the specification and the implementation of a design. Automated design debugging uses these error traces to identify potentially erroneous modules causing the error. With the increasing size and complexity of modern VLSI designs, error traces have become longer and harder to analyze. At the same time, design debugging has become one of the most resource-intensive steps in the chip design cycle. This work proposes a scalable SAT-based design debugging algorithm that uses interpolants to over-approximate sets of constraints that model the erroneous behavior. The algorithm partitions the original problem into a sequence of smaller subproblems by using subsections of the error trace that are examined iteratively. This is made possible by using interpolants to properly constrain the erroneous behavior for each subproblem, significantly reducing the number of simultaneous time-frames examined in the error trace. The described method is shown to be complete and an additional technique is presented to improve the quality of the debugging results using multiple interpolants. Experiments on real designs show a 57% reduction in memory and 23% decrease in run-time compared to previous work.
The conformation and configurational assignment of 6,7‐disubstituted 2‐oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan‐3‐ones (1978)

Abstract The conformational behaviour of 6‐alkyl‐3‐oxo‐2‐oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan‐7‐ols and some derivatives possessing the configurations a (6‐ endo ‐7‐ exo ), b (6‐ endo ‐7‐ endo ) and c (6‐ exo ‐7‐ endo ) is discussed. It is shown that an easy configurational assignment is possible between these three series.
Use of DSP technique in beam positioning (2002)

The basic method of noninterceptive beam position monitoring is presented in this paper. One type of multielectrode beam position monitor is the wall-current monitor. Here we have studied, simulated and realized the AM/PM method. Using simple digital circuit components we have shown that digital signal processing (DSP) can be successfully applied in beam positioning.
Correction. Correlation between Molecular Structure of Sterols and Retention Time in Gas Chromatography. (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection. Correlation between Molecular Structure of Sterols and Retention Time in Gas Chromatography.Nobuo. Ikekawa et al.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 11, 1661Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60267a045RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (127 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cut-like homeobox 1 and nuclear factor I/B mediate ENGRAILED2 autism spectrum disorder-associated haplotype function (2011)

Both common and rare variants contribute to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk, but few variants have been established as functional. Previously we demonstrated that an intronic haplotype (rs1861972-rs1861973 A-C) in the homeobox transcription factor ENGRAILED2 (EN2) is significantly associated with ASD. Positive association has also been reported in six additional data sets, suggesting EN2 is an ASD susceptibility gene. Additional support for this possibility requires identification of functional variants that affect EN2 regulation or activity. In this study, we demonstrate that the A-C haplotype is a transcriptional activator. Luciferase (luc) assays in mouse neuronal cultures determined that the A-C haplotype increases expression levels (50%, P < 0.01, 24 h; 250%, P < 0.0001, 72 h). Mutational analysis indicates that the A-C haplotype activator function requires both associated A and C alleles. A minimal 202-bp element is sufficient for function and also specifically binds a protein complex. Mass spectrometry identified these proteins as the transcription factors, Cut-like homeobox 1 (Cux1) and nuclear factor I/B (Nfib). Subsequent antibody supershifts and chromatin immunoprecipitations demonstrated that human CUX1 and NFIB bind the A-C haplotype. Co-transfection and knock-down experiments determined that both CUX1 and NFIB are required for the A-C haplotype activator function. These data demonstrate that the ASD-associated A-C haplotype is a transcriptional activator, and both CUX1 and NFIB mediate this activity. These results provide biochemical evidence that the ASD-associated A-C haplotype is functional, further supporting EN2 as an ASD susceptibility gene.
Foreword (1981)

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VWA Consumentenmonitor 2003. Onderzoek naar de perceptie van voedselveiligheid (2004)

De Voedsel en Waren Autoriteit (VWA) heeft als missie te werken
Reaction of Perfluoroalkyl Chlorides with Silicon (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Perfluoroalkyl Chlorides with SiliconE. F. Izard and Stephanie L. KwolekCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1156–1158Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Syntax-Infused Transformer and BERT models for Machine Translation and Natural Language Understanding (2019)

Attention-based models have shown significant improvement over traditional algorithms in several NLP tasks. The Transformer, for instance, is an illustrative example that generates abstract representations of tokens inputted to an encoder based on their relationships to all tokens in a sequence. Recent studies have shown that although such models are capable of learning syntactic features purely by seeing examples, explicitly feeding this information to deep learning models can significantly enhance their performance. Leveraging syntactic information like part of speech (POS) may be particularly beneficial in limited training data settings for complex models such as the Transformer. We show that the syntax-infused Transformer with multiple features achieves an improvement of 0.7 BLEU when trained on the full WMT 14 English to German translation dataset and a maximum improvement of 1.99 BLEU points when trained on a fraction of the dataset. In addition, we find that the incorporation of syntax into BERT fine-tuning outperforms baseline on a number of downstream tasks from the GLUE benchmark.
Dermoscopic Evaluation of Amelanotic and Hypomelanotic Melanoma (2008)

The most significant negative predictors of melanoma were having multiple (>3) milialike cysts (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.64), comma vessels with a regular distribution (0.10; 0.01-0.70), comma vessels as the predominant vessel type (0.16; 0.05-0.52), symmetrical pigmentation pattern (0.18; 0.09-0.39), irregular blue-gray globules (0.20; 0.05-0.87), and multiple blue-gray globules (0.28; 0.10-0.81). The most significant positive predictors were having a blue-white veil (odds ratio,13; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-40.0), scarlike depigmentation (4.4; 2.4-8.0), multiple blue-gray dots (3.5; 1.9-6.4), irregularly shaped depigmentation (3.3; 2.0-5.3), irregular brown dots/globules (3.2; 1.8-5.6), 5 to 6 colors (3.2; 1.6-6.3), and predominant central vessels (3.1; 1.6-6.0). A simple model distinguishing melanomas from all nonmelanomas had a sensitivity of 70% and a specificity of 56% in the test set. A model distinguishing all malignant lesions from benign lesions had a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 37%. Conclusion Although the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy for melanoma lacking significant pigment is inferior to that of more pigmented lesions, features distinguishing the former from benign lesions can be visualized on dermoscopic evaluation.
Acoustical Modeling of Noise Sources Utilizing Correlation Techniques (1972)

Acoustical modeling of noise sources is usually performed in the frequency domain. However, there may be advantages in modeling in the time domain using correlation techniques. Examples of the mathematical procedures involved will be illustrated by simple configurations.
Photoconductivity study of a potential photorefractive polymer (1995)

Photoconductive properties of a polymer designed to be photorefractive are investigated. The polymer is composed of photoconducting PVK [poly(n-vinylcarbazole)], photosensitizing TNF (2, 4, 7-trinitro-9-fluorenone), and optically nonlinear DANS (4-N, N-dimethyl-4'-nitrostilbene). The electric-field dependence and λ dependence of its photoconductivity and photocarrier generation efficiency have been measured. And preliminary four-wave mixing experiments have been carried out.
Spectrophotometric Study of Some Oxidative Products of Bilirubin (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Study of Some Oxidative Products of BilirubinBennie. Zak, Norman. Moss, A. J. Boyle, and Albert. ZlatkisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 7, 1220–1222Publication Date (Print):July 20, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 July 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60091a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60091a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A “Special Effort” to Provide Improved Sounding and Cloud-Motion Wind Data for FGGE (1979)

Enhancement and editing of high-density cloud motion wind assessments and research satellite soundings have been necessary to improve the quality of data used in The Global Weather Experiment. Editing operations are conducted by a man-computer interactive data access system. Editing will focus on such inputs as non-US satellite data, NOAA operational sounding and wind data sets, wind data from the Indian Ocean satellite, dropwindsonde data, and tropical mesoscale wind data. Improved techniques for deriving cloud heights and higher resolution sounding in meteorologically active areas are principal parts of the data enhancement program.
Exciton spin relaxation dynamics in InGaAs∕InP quantum wells (2004)

We have investigated the exciton spin relaxation mechanism between 13 and 300K in InGaAs∕InP quantum wells using time-resolved spin-dependent pump and probe absorption measurements. The exciton spin relaxation time, τs above 40K was found to depend on temperature, T, according to τs∝T−1.1, although the spin relaxation time is constant below 40K. The clear carrier density dependence of the exciton spin relaxation time was observed below 40K, although the carrier density dependence is weak above 40K. These results imply that the main spin relaxation mechanism above and below 40K are the D’yakonov–Perel’ process and the Bir–Aronov–Pikus process, respectively.
Transfer of 15-lipoxygenase gene into rabbit iliac arteries results in the appearance of oxidation-specific lipid-protein adducts characteristic of oxidized low density lipoprotein. (1995)

Oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL) possesses several atherogenic properties. The mechanisms by which LDL becomes oxidized in vivo remain unknown, but previous studies have suggested that 15-lipoxygenase may be one of the factors involved in the initiation of LDL oxidation in the arterial wall. 3 wk after a retrovirus-mediated 15-lipoxygenase gene transfer into iliac arteries of normocholesterolemic rabbits there was a threefold increase in 15-lipoxygenase activity but no signs of LDL oxidation. However, when animals were made moderately hypercholesterolemic by feeding a 0.13% cholesterol diet for 2-3 wk starting from day 4 after the gene transfer, oxidation-specific lipid-protein adducts characteristic of oxidized LDL were detected in 15-lipoxygenase-transduced arteries. Control experiments in which contralateral iliac arteries were transduced with beta-galactosidase-containing retroviruses showed only occasional signs of the presence of oxidation-specific adducts. The results support the hypothesis that products derived from the 15-lipoxygenase activity are involved in the induction of LDL oxidation within the arterial wall, provided that sufficient concentrations of lipoproteins are present in the artery.
Positive FP-CIT SPECT (DaTSCAN) in Clinical Alzheimer’s Disease – An Unexpected Finding? (2011)

Clinically, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most common cause of dementia. Criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are highly specific but not at all sensitive, which is reflected by the higher number of DLB cases detected histopathologically at autopsy. Imaging of dopamine transporter with FP-CIT SPECT is one possibility to increase sensitivity. Pathological confirmation was also included in the revised consensus criteria for the diagnosis of DLB. However, in the absence of parkinsonism, one of the core features, a clinical diagnosis of AD is more likely. The role of FP-CIT SPECT in DLB diagnosis remains to be clarified. Based on our 3 case reports and a review of the literature, the utility of this imaging method in the differential diagnosis of AD and DLB is highlighted.