gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) (2013)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is a promising medical imaging technique producing quantitative images of the distribution of tracer materials (superparamagnetic nanoparticles) without interference from the anatomical background of the imaging objects (either phantoms or lab animals). Theoretically, the MPI platform can image with relatively high temporal and spatial resolution and sensitivity. In practice, the quality of the MPI images hinges on both the applied magnetic field and the properties of the tracer nanoparticles. Langevin theory can model the performance of superparamagnetic nanoparticles and predict the crucial influence of nanoparticle core size on the MPI signal. In addition, the core size distribution, anisotropy of the magnetic core and surface modification of the superparamagnetic nanoparticles also determine the spatial resolution and sensitivity of the MPI images. As a result, through rational design of superparamagnetic nanoparticles, the performance of MPI could be effectively optimized. In this review, the performance of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in MPI is investigated. Rational synthesis and modification of superparamagnetic nanoparticles are discussed and summarized. The potential medical application areas for MPI, including cardiovascular system, oncology, stem cell tracking and immune related imaging are also analyzed and forecasted.
Characterization of active and passive millimeter-wave monolithic elements by on-wafer probing (2003)

A technique for modeling active and passive monolithic elements in a microstrip environment at millimeter-wave frequencies using on-wafer probing is developed. This procedure involves accurately characterizing the coplanar waveguide to microstrip transition used in making on-wafer measurements. Once the transition is characterized, the models for various elements can be determined. The proposed method is extremely useful for developing CAD (computer-aided design) models and enhancing monolithic circuit yields through adaptive processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Shared processes resolve competition within and between episodic and semantic memory: Evidence from patients with LIFG lesions (2018)

Semantic cognition is supported by two interactive components: semantic representations and mechanisms that regulate retrieval (cf. 'semantic control'). Neuropsychological studies have revealed a clear dissociation between semantic and episodic memory. This study explores if the same dissociation holds for control processes that act on episodic and semantic memory, or whether both types of long-term memory are supported by the same executive mechanisms. We addressed this question in a case-series of semantic aphasic patients who had difficulty retrieving both verbal and non-verbal conceptual information in an appropriate fashion following infarcts to left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG). We observed parallel deficits in semantic and episodic memory: (i) the patients' difficulties extended beyond verbal materials to include picture tasks in both domains; (ii) both types of retrieval benefitted from cues designed to reduce the need for internal constraint; (iii) there was little impairment of both semantic and episodic tasks when control demands were minimised; (iv) there were similar effects of distractors across tasks. Episodic retrieval was highly susceptible to false memories elicited by semantically-related distractors, and confidence was inappropriately high in these circumstances. Semantic judgements were also prone to contamination from recent events. These findings demonstrate that patients with deregulated semantic cognition have comparable deficits in episodic retrieval. The results are consistent with a role for LIFG in resolving competition within both episodic and semantic memory, and also in biasing cognition towards task-relevant memory stores when episodic and semantic representations do not promote the same response.
An application of visual interactive goal programming: a case in vendor selection decisions (1999)

This article presents the vendor selection problem of the hydraulic pump division of a US original equipment manufacturing company. The division wants to identify appropriate vendors and allocate purchase orders among them while minimizing product acquisition costs and maximizing total product quality and delivery reliability. Visual interactive goal programming is used as a multi-criteria decision analysis tool. Interaction with decision makers during the model building and solution process, and implications are discussed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased elastin content and decreased elastin concentration may be predisposing factors in dissecting aneurysms of human thoracic aorta (1993)

Biochemical changes in dissections are localised to the dissected area, with increased deposition of elastin, collagen, and other proteins. The altered matrix composition is likely to change the mechanical properties, possibly increasing the tendency to rupture.
Transistor Circuits for Analog and Digital Systems* (1956)

This paper describes the application of junction transistors to precision circuits for use in analog computers and the input and output circuits of digital systems. The three basic circuits are a summing amplifier, an integrator, and a voltage comparator. The transistor circuits are combined into a voltage encoder for translating analog voltages into equivalent time intervals.
Substituted Service on a Non-Resident Vendor of Montana Land (1952)

Substituted Service on a Non-Resident Vendor of Montana Land
Molecular Films (1991)

Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical ...Read More
ANALYSIS ON COORDINATING SUPPLY CHAIN INVENTORY THROUGH COMMON REPLENISHMENT EPOCHS (2002)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we analyze a supply chain model presented in Viswanathan and Piplani's (V&P) paper. In V & P's model, one vendor distributes a product to multiple buyers. The vendor offers a price-discount to entice the buyers to accept a pre-specified common replenishment epoch (CRE). In order to attract the buyers to follow the CRE strategy, the vendor's price-discount not only needs to compensate the buyers' cost increase in inventory, but also, to allure the buyers with extra purchase savings. Viswanathan and Piplani proposed a heuristic to solve this supply chain model, though we illustrate that some logic errors exist in their heuristic. In this study, we explore the optimality structure of V & P's model using a small-step search procedure. Interestingly, we discover that its optimal-cost curve is piece-wise linear with respect to price-discount. Our theoretical properties give good facilities for devising a search algorithm to secure a global optimal solution for V & P's model. Using a variety of numerical experiments, we confirm that the proposed search approach outperforms V & P's heuristic.
Folic acid the essential supplement to brain heart infusion broth for cultivation and cloning of <i>Leishmania donovani</i> promastigotes (1997)

Multiplication of virulent and avirulent Leishmania donovani promastigotes was inhibited by brain heart infusion broth (BHI) (3.7%) supplemented with haemolysed or whole blood (2.5-10%) or heat-inactivated foetal bovine serum (HIFBS) (10-20%). Peptone, glutamine, tryptophan, purine bases, ribonucleosides, deoxyribonucleosides, B-vitamins and vitamin C were evaluated for the reversal of this growth inhibition. Supplementation of BHI with folic acid further supplemented with haemolysed rabbit blood or HIFBS and haemin supported propagation in serial subpassages of 2 primary isolates and 3 other virulent strains of L. donovani and 1 strain of L. major. Folic acid supplemented BHI with 3% rabbit blood in solid phase with 0.7% agar also supported the colony formation of L. donovani. This manuscript documents the development of high efficiency media for the cultivation of L. donovani promastigotes in liquid phase and as colonies on agar plates using BHI as a basal medium.
A Stabilized Scintillation Counter (1964)

A gain stabilization system for use with a scintillation counter is described. The system uses a Po210 α source sandwiched between two 0.020" thick discs of plastic phosphor as a reference light source, which is mounted between the NaI(Tl) crystal and the photomultiplier. This produces a stable Gaussian reference peak in the pulse height distribution, equivalent to 150 keV γ rays. A simple pulse shape discrimination circuit at the photomultiplier anode gates the circuitry such that it only responds to the reference pulses, thus making the system independent of any changes in the γ ray flux.
Thinking like a biosphere (2014)

It was chocolate that undid me; Peruvian, lusciously dark, organic, Fair Trade, with a whisky-hit of sixty percent pure cacao. It began as a treat on feast-days, then segued into a daily fix. Years earlier, after the dentist warned that sugar-fuelled gum-rot and decay were clear-felling my teeth, I'd given up sugars. As my dental health stabilised, temptation got the better of me, and last week I ran headlong into the consequences - four fillings and $600.
The effectiveness of mixnets – an empirical study (2013)

A mixnet is a multi-stage system that accepts encrypted messages as its input and generates a new altered output while exploiting cryptographic operations and repeated permutations to ensure the untraceability between the input and the output messages. Based on the employed cryptographic operations, the main types of mixnets and their variants are: decryption, re-encryption, universal re-encryption and hybrid mixnets. Mixnets offer a degree of anonymity on the Internet by making communications untraceable. Nazmul Islam, Kazi Md Rokibul Alam and Ashiqur Rahman of Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh explain the various kinds of mixnet commonly deployed, and carry out tests to see how they perform. Using the experimental data, they compare the various types to see which offers the best results..
Rethinking Spatial Processing in Data-Intensive Science (2015)

In this paper we address the problem of supporting data-driven science in geo-scientific application domains where scientists need to filter, analyze, and correlate large data sets in an interactive manner. We identify ten fundamental requirements for such a new type of processing system. They span from supporting spatial data types over using workflows for data lineage, to fast and flexible computations for exploratory analysis. Our study of related work looks at a range of established systems of different domains and shows significant drawbacks with respect to our requirements. We propose the Visualization, Aggregation & Transformation system (VAT) as an architecture to overcome current limitations. It bases on standard software and implements performance-relevant parts using state-of-the-art technology like GPU computing. Our first comparison with other systems shows the validity of our approach.
Coupling of an optical fibre to a substrate entry photodiode (1981)

The construction of a quartz block containing an optical fibre for mounting a substrate illuminated InGaAs/InP photodiode is described. The block allows accurate alignment of the fibre to the photodiode, which can then be fully characterised before assembly into a circuit.
A dominant homolytic O–Cl bond cleavage with low-spin triplet-state Fe(<scp>iv</scp>)O formed is revealed in the mechanism of heme-dependent chlorite dismutase (2013)

Chlorite dismutase (Cld) is a heme-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the decomposition of toxic chlorite (ClO2(-)) into innocuous chloride and O2. In this paper, using the hybrid B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) method including dispersion interactions, the Cld reaction mechanism has been studied with a chemical model constructed on the X-ray crystal structure. The calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds along a stepwise pathway in the doublet state, i.e. a homolytic O-Cl bond cleavage of the substrate leading to an O-Fe(heme) species and a ClO˙ radical, followed by a rebinding O-O bond formation between them. The O-Fe(heme) species is demonstrated to be a low-spin triplet-state Fe(IV)=O diradicaloid. A low-spin singlet-state Fe(IV)=O is much less stable than the former, with an energy difference of 9.2 kcal mol(-1). The O-Cl bond cleavage is rate-limiting with a barrier of 10.6 kcal mol(-1), in good agreement with the experimental reaction rate of 2.0 × 10(5) s(-1). Furthermore, a heterolytic O-Cl bond dissociation in the initial step is shown to be unreachable, which ensures the high efficiency of the Cld enzyme by avoiding the generation of chlorate byproduct observed in the reactions of synthetic Fe porphyrins. Also, the pathways in the quartet and sextet states are unfavorable for the Cld reaction. The present results reveal a detailed mechanism III (defined in the text) including an interesting di-radical intermediate composed of a low-spin triplet-state Fe(IV)=O and a ClO˙ radical. Compared to a competitive heterolytic Cl-O cleavage in synthetic Fe porphyrins, the revelation of the domination of homolysis in Cld indicates not only the high efficiency of enzyme, but also the sensitivity of a heme and the significance of the enzymatic active-site surroundings (the His170 and Arg183 residues in the present case), which gives more insights into heme chemistry.
Xenon fluoride laser excitation by transverse electric discharge (1976)

Stimulated emission has been produced in mixtures of He, NF3, and Xe at total pressures between 300 and 1000 Torr. Laser emission was on lines at 3511 and 3531 Å which have been associated with the excited XeF molecule. Excitation of the gas mixture was by a transverse electric discharge which produced pulses with peak currents of approximately 104 A and rise times of 20 ns. A maximum laser energy of 7 mJ was obtained from a gas mixture with a ratio of He:Xe:NF3 of 98.0:1.5:0.5 at a total pressure of 300 Torr.
Transcription factors in normal and neoplastic pituitary tissues (1997)

Transcription factors are proteins that bind to regulatory elements in DNA and have critical roles in gene regulation during development, in cellular growth and differentiation. The four major groups of transcription factors have been classified according to the motif in the DNA-binding domains and include: (1) the helix-turn-helix group, which includes the Pit-1/GHF-1 (Pit-1) transcription factor; (2) the zing finger group, which includes estrogen and other steroid hormone receptors; (3) the leucine zipper group, which includes c-fos protooncogene, and (4) the helix-loop-helix group, which includes the c-myc oncogene. Members of all four groups have been described in normal and neoplastic anterior pituitary gland tissues. Pit-1 has been shown to regulate prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) cells during development and differentiation. Genetic defects in this transcription factor have led to specific diseases in rodents and humans such as dwarfism and cretinism. Estrogen receptor (ER) protein plays a critical role in the regulation of gene expression in some anterior pituitary cells. There is a differential distribution of ER in anterior pituitary cells and tumors; PRL, gonadotroph, and null cell tumors are the principal adenomas expressing ER. The protooncogene c-fos is regulated by estrogen in various tissues, linking the regulation of one transcription factor by another transcription factor with a different motif. The c-myc oncogene has been detected in the pituitary gland and in some pituitary tumors, although the exact role of this oncogene in pituitary tumor development is uncertain. Because of the critical role that transcription factors play in pituitary cell development and differentiation, we can anticipate many more studies to elucidate their many functions in normal and neoplastic pituitary tissues.
Pericial contable en entornos ERP (2018)

Cada vez con mayor frecuencia el perito contable y economico se encuentra ante programas de gestion integrada (ERP) a la hora de enfrentarse a la tarea de elaborar su pericial contable.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRANSPLANT SITES FOR ENDOCRINE TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION IN THE PIG (1986)

Thyroid and thymus tissue autografts were used to examine the suitability of different transplant sites in the pig for endocrine tissue transplantation. The omental pouch, gall bladder fossa and renal subcapsular space showed optimal implantation, preservation and vascularisation of graft tissue. Marked dissemination of graft tissue was observed at intramuscular sites and graft viability at subcutaneous sites in the ear was poor. The omental pouch represents a potentially suitable site for pancreatic islet tissue transplantation studies in the pig.
Bivalirudin in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (2016)

Is beginning to look like expensive dilute heparin

Bivalirudin was heralded as the successor to heparin. It is a direct thrombin inhibitor with a more predictable dose response than heparin, a short half life of 22 minutes, and the ability to bind circulating and clot bound thrombin. But does it have genuine advantages over heparin in patients having percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome or is it just expensive dilute heparin? 

Bivalirudin is the market leader among anticoagulants used in PCIs in the United States and is endorsed with class I recommendations by national society guidelines.1 2 Global market revenues are estimated to be worth billions of dollars, with bivalirudin costs in the UK ranging from £300 (€400; $440) to £1000 per patient episode, depending on duration of infusion. By comparison, heparin costs only a few pounds.

Bivalirudin was established as the anticoagulant of choice in PCI during an era when glycoprotein IIb IIIa inhibitors were often coadministered with heparin. When compared with this combination, large trials such as HORIZONS-AMI, ACUITY, and EUROMAX confirmed that patients treated with …
Serum IgG Antibody Levels to Periodontal Microbiota Are Associated with Incident Alzheimer Disease (2014)

Serum IgG levels to common periodontal microbiota are associated with risk for developing incident AD.
Mighty MESs; state-of-the-art and future manufacturing execution systems (2004)

This article intends to answer what manufacturing execution systems (MES) are and describe their relationship with other information systems. It summarizes the features of those significant MESs being used today and discusses their limitations and where they should evolve in order to accommodate customer needs for faster real-time response, the expanded functionality, and increased complexity, as well as computing technologies and research areas that support such evolution. The main message is that it is essential for a semiconductor manufacturer to invest into advanced MESs to keep them competitive in the severely intensified global marketplace. As an MES is deployed on the shop floor in a manufacturing enterprise, the manufacturing process becomes information driven, contributing to both overall productivity and the financial viability of the manufacturing enterprise. Lastly, recognizing that MES deployments are not restricted to the semiconductor industry, the advancements could be applied with little or no refinement to other automated manufacturing environments.
Indoor navigation system for visually impaired (2010)

One of the most important limitations for people with visual impairment is the inability of unassisted navigation and orientation in unfamiliar buildings. An low-cost indoor navigation system, which is based on mobile terminals, supporting technology Near Field Communication (NFC), and Java program access to Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, is developed. The proposed navigation system enables users to imagine the map of the rooms (dimensions, relative position of points of interest). This information is stored in RFID tags in WAP Binary eXtensible Markup Language (WBXML) format. The system allows leaving audio messages that are recorded in RFID tags in Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) format. Voice enabled navigation, that is familiar to users with visual disabilities, is used.
Enhanced DR-Tree for Low Latency Filtering in Publish/Subscribe Systems (2010)

Distributed R-tree overlays emerged as an alternative for efficiently implementing DHT-free publish/subscribe communication primitives. Overlays using R-tree index structures offer logarithmic delivery garantis, guarantee zero false negatives and considerably reduce the number of false positives. In this paper we extend the distributed R-trees (DR-trees) in order to reduce event delivery latency. Our optimizations target both the structural organization of the DR-Trees and the publication policies. The contribution of the current work steams in an extensive evaluation of the novel structure along four parameters: latency, load, scalability and the rate of false positives. The enhanced structure performs better than the traditional distributed R-tree in terms of delivery latency. Additionally, it does not alter the performances related to the scalability, nor the load balancing of the tree, and neither the rate of false positives and negatives filtered by a node.
Root Stability Evaluation with Non-Destructive Techniques (2016)

Abstract Due to their huge benefits when compared to invasive or destructive techniques, the use of non-destructive approaches is continuously increasing in many fields. The visual assessment method is commonly applied in tree inspection, but it has limitations. Investigations using appropriate nondestructive instruments can well complement visual tree inspection. This paper is a short overview that describes non-destructive techniques for evaluating the load-bearing capacity of individual trees’ root systems. The techniques used are acoustic root detection and the pulling test. Safety factors were also calculated to provide a hazard assessment.
Retreatment of Chronic Hepatitis C with Interferon-  (1992)

Response after first cycle. n Complete response with rebound. 10 No response. 7 Breakthrough. 3 Response after second cycle. n Complete response with rebound. 6 Breakthrough (4th month anti-IFN). I Drop out (abnormal Al, T Ist month. I; normal AlT 3rd month. 2) No response. 3 Drop out (no response). 2 Breakthrough (3rd month anti-IFN). I Complete response. no rebound (5th month). I Complete response with rebound. I Breakthrough (4th month). I Drop out (normal AlT 5th month). I
The Vulvovaginal Symptoms Questionnaire (2013)

The VSQ is a reliable and internally consistent instrument for measuring vulvovaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women.