gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into the Use of Chitosan for the Removal of Soluble Silver from Industrial Wastewater (1999)

Chitosan was examined as a means of removing soluble silver from industrial waste streams. Stirred-batch and column methods were used to remove free (hydrated) silver ion as well as the ammonia, thiocyanate, thiosulfate, and cyanide complexes of silver in simulated wastewater at an initial concentration of 50 ppm and in a pH range of 2−10. An actual sample of X-ray film development rinse water was also tested. Batch method results show 80−95% silver bound at pH 4−8 for Ag+ and Ag(NH3)2+, while 92% and 75% of Ag(S2O3)23- and Ag(SCN)32-, respectively, were bound at pH 2. Using a column containing 0.500 g of chitosan, 160 bed volumes of Ag+, 875 bed volumes of Ag(NH3)2+, 715 bed volumes of Ag(S2O3)23-, and 190 bed volumes of Ag(SCN)32- solution were treated before silver ion concentration in the effluent reached 5 ppm. Chitosan did not significantly bind Ag(CN)2- at any pH tested. Chitosan treated 450 bed volumes of 40 ppm X-ray rinse water before effluent silver concentration reached 5 ppm. Capacity experiment results using the column method indicated 42 mg of silver bound per gram of chitosan. Four commercial resins, Amberlite IRA-67, IRA 458, IRC-718, and Duolite GT-73, were also tested as silver binding agents.
Antimicrobial Stewardship (2011)

In Brief Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is a program that oversees institutional antimicrobial use and can include restriction of antibiotics, subsequent de-escalation after culture results are back, optimization of dosing, and minimization of toxicity. The concept of AS is supported by many organizations, including Infectious Diseases Society of America, Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, and the Centers for Disease Control. The potential benefits include significant cost savings, decrease in the rate of resistance, lower incidence of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, and shorter hospital length of stay. Typically, an AS committee will include an infectious disease physician, pharmacist, and informatics specialist and will need close relationships with the microbiology lab and infection control. To be successful, the hospital administration must be supportive, and community physicians must buy into the concept. Besides antibiotic restriction and de-escalation after culture results are back, potential areas for cost savings include: surgical prophylaxis, limiting the course of antibiotics in ventilator-associated pneumonia, dosing aminoglycosides properly, eliminating redundant antibiotics, and changing from intravenous to oral agents in a timely manner. Newer diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction to quickly characterize gram positive cocci, can also be used to optimize antibiotic use. Computer systems have a promising role in AS. Antimicrobial stewardship (AS) is a program that oversees institutional antimicrobial use, and can include restriction of antibiotics, subsequent de-escalation after culture results are back, optimization of dosing, and minimization of toxicity. Antimicrobial stewardship can decrease cost and rates of resistance.
Physical timing modeling for bipolar VLSI (1992)

An approach for the analytical timing modeling of bipolar VLSI circuits that is based on average branch current analysis and the parametric correction scheme is presented. The combination of these techniques permits complex delay-sensitive effects of bipolar digital circuits to be incorporated in the derivation of the bipolar delay models. The delay functions of two basic bipolar subcircuit configurations (the series-gated structure and the emitter follower) are derived using the proposed techniques. It is shown that accurate timing information for the high-speed bipolar digital circuit, such as ECL, CML, and BiCMOS, can be obtained by repeated processing of these subcircuit delay functions. The delay estimates obtained with these timing models have been shown to be accurate typically within 10% of SPICE estimates. Applications include switch-level timing simulation, timing analysis and verification cell optimization, and technology mapping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Leukemic mutations in the methylation‐associated genes <i>DNMT3A</i> and <i>IDH2</i> are rare events in pediatric AML: A report from the Children's Oncology Group (2011)

DNMT3A and IDH2 mutations are uncommon in pediatric AML. The low prevalence of methylation-associated mutations in our study highlights the differences in the pathogenesis of pediatric versus adult AML, at the genetic as well as potentially at the epigenetic level. The age-specific characteristics of AML underscore the importance of studying the molecular biology of both childhood and adult forms of this leukemia in parallel, as the development of novel therapeutics should account for these biologic differences.
Preparation and Rate of Hydrolysis of Boric Acid Esters (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Rate of Hydrolysis of Boric Acid EstersHoward Steinberg and D. L. HunterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 2, 174–181Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50566a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50566a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2347Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo techniques in medical radiation physics (1991)

The author's main purpose is to review the techniques and applications of the Monte Carlo method in medical radiation physics since Raeside's review article in 1976. Emphasis is given to applications where proton and/or electron transport in matter is simulated. Some practical aspects of Monte Carlo practice, mainly related to random numbers and other computational details, are discussed in connection with common computing facilities available in hospital environments. Basic aspects of electron and photon transport are reviewed, followed by the presentation of the Monte Carlo codes widely available in the public domain. Applications in different areas of medical radiation physics, such as nuclear medicine, diagnostic X-rays, radiotherapy physics (including dosimetry), and radiation protection, and also microdosimetry and electron microscopy, are presented. Actual and future trends in the field, like Inverse Monte Carlo methods, vectorization of codes and parallel processors calculations are also discussed.
Naltrexone in alcohol dependence: a randomised controlled trial of effectiveness in a standard clinical setting (2002)

Unlike previous studies, we have shown that naltrexone with adjunctive medical advice is effective in the treatment of alcohol dependence irrespective of whether it is accompanied by psychosocial interventions.
Visible Light Photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub>-Production Activity of CuS/ZnS Porous Nanosheets Based on Photoinduced Interfacial Charge Transfer (2011)

Visible light photocatalytic H(2) production through water splitting is of great importance for its potential application in converting solar energy into chemical energy. In this study, a novel visible-light-driven photocatalyst was designed based on photoinduced interfacial charge transfer (IFCT) through surface modification of ZnS porous nanosheets by CuS. CuS/ZnS porous nanosheet photocatalysts were prepared by a simple hydrothermal and cation exchange reaction between preformed ZnS(en)(0.5) nanosheets and Cu(NO(3))(2). Even without a Pt cocatalyst, the as-prepared CuS/ZnS porous nanosheets reach a high H(2)-production rate of 4147 μmol h(-1) g(-1) at CuS loading content of 2 mol % and an apparent quantum efficiency of 20% at 420 nm. This high visible light photocatalytic H(2)-production activity is due to the IFCT from the valence band of ZnS to CuS, which causes the reduction of partial CuS to Cu(2)S and thus enhances H(2)-production activity. This work not only shows a possibility for substituting low-cost CuS for noble metals in the photocatalytic H(2) production but also for the first time exhibits a facile method for enhancing H(2)-production activity by photoinduced IFCT.
pH Effects on Measurements of Ionized Calcium and Ionized Magnesium in Blood (2002)

We conclude that the rate of change of ionized magnesium concentration with pH change (0.12 mmol/L per pH unit) is significantly less than that of ionized calcium (0.36 mmol/L per pH unit). Furthermore, our findings indicate that if adjustment to pH 7.40 is necessary, the ionized magnesium test results need to be adjusted when pH is markedly abnormal, as is sometimes done for ionized calcium.
Provenience, Provenance and the UNESCO 1970 Convention: Two Schools of Thought on the Publication of Indeterminate Artifacts (2014)

This article explores the two opposing stand-points in regard to the publication of objects/artifacts of unknown provenance and the ultimate impact this has on the preservation of heritage. The debate is set against the roles and objectives of scholars, museums, heritage officials and auction houses, with an overall greater consideration as to how these arguments are impacted by the UNESCO 1970 convention, and vice versa.
New design of transient-noise detection circuit with SCR device for system-level ESD protection (2012)

A new SCR-based transient detection circuit for on-chip protection design against system-level ESD-induced electrical transient disturbance is proposed and verified in silicon chip. The experimental results in a 0.18-μm CMOS process have confirmed that the new proposed detection circuit can successfully memorize the occurrence of system-level ESD-induced electrical transient events. The detection output can be cooperated with firmware operation to automatically execute system recovery procedure, therefore the immunity of microelectronic systems against system-level ESD test can be effectively improved.
Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems (2015)

Encyclopedia of Agriculture and Food Systems, Second Edition addresses important issues by examining topics of global agriculture and food systems that are key to understanding the challenges we face. Questions it addresses include: * Will we be able to produce enough food to meet the increasing dietary needs and wants of the additional two billion people expected to inhabit our planet by 2050?* Will we be able to meet the need for so much more food while simultaneously reducing adverse environmental effects of today's agriculture practices?* Will we be able to produce the additional food using less land and water than we use now? These are among the most important challenges that face our planet in the coming decades. The broad themes of food systems and people, agriculture and the environment, the science of agriculture, agricultural products, and agricultural production systems are covered in more than 200 separate chapters of this work. The book provides information that serves as the foundation for discussion of the food and environment challenges of the world. An international group of highly respected authors addresses these issues from a global perspective and provides the background, references, and linkages for further exploration of each of topics of this comprehensive work. * Addresses important challenges of sustainability and efficiency from a global perspective.* Takes a detailed look at the important issues affecting the agricultural and food industries today.* Full colour throughout.
Sufism as a Category in Indonesian Literature and History (1961)

It is unfortunate that historians, as a rule, do not follow the example of social anthropologists in devoting some part of their monographs to a discussion of the theoretical problems involved in the material they have been handling. This is not of such importance in the history of Europe, where much can be taken for granted on the part of the reader. But when the European historian turns to the study of Asian history, and writes in the same way as he would were he writing the history of a European people, merely substituting an Asian set of names and places, then the result frequently lacks interest, and may even be a distortion of the general picture of the past that he wishes to relate. This holds as well for continental S.E. Asia and the island world of Indonesia as elsewhere. And it is not only in these countries that peoples, newly conscious of their traditions as national traditions, are dissatisfied with the histories written for them by foreigners. The requirements of a new type of history are formidable, and very little work has been done on the theoretical ground work involved. The aim of this paper then, is to attempt to progress a little further in the elaboration of such a historiography, and to apply the results to a segment of the data available relating to Indonesia's past.
Improvement of Ultrafiltration for Treatment of Phosphorus-Containing Water by a Lanthanum-Modified Aminated Polyacrylonitrile Membrane (2020)

Phosphorus contamination in fresh water has posed a great risk to aquatic ecosystems and human health due to extensive eutrophication. In this paper, we are reporting a lanthanum (La)-modified aminated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) adsorptive membrane for effective decontamination of phosphorus from the simulated water. The PAN membrane was first aminated to introduce the amine group as an active site for La and then followed by the in situ precipitation of La particles. The kinetics study showed that the rapid adsorption occurred within the initial 4 h with the equilibrium established at 8 h. The membrane worked well in the acidic pH region, with optimal pH 4 and 5 without and with the pH control, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacities were 50 and 44.64 mg/g at pH 5 and 7, respectively. The adsorption of phosphorus was not affected by the existence of commonly existing anions except fluorides in water. In the filtration study, it was observed that the removal of phosphorus remained the optimum, although the operating pressure was increased from 1 to 3 bar. The modified membrane was able to treat 0.32 L of a 10 mg/L phosphate solution to meet the maximum allowable limit of 0.15 mg/L for the trade effluent. The mechanism study revealed that the removal was primarily associated with the ion exchange between a phosphorus ion and a hydroxyl group from the La particles.
The Influence of the Ozonation Dosage on the Structure and Biodegradability of Pollutants in water, and its Effect on Activated Carbon Filtration (1982)

Abstract Laboratory tests underline the improvement which ozonation brings about in the removal of organic micropollutants in surface water with activated carbon filtration. Optimal ozone dosages correspond to the stabilization of the asymptotical diminution of UV absorption. HPLC analysis shows that, though ozone sometimes degrades organic compounds into more polar and less adsorbable products, improvement in GAC filtration is attained through increased bacterial activity, as revealed by measurements of ATP, of dehydrogenase and of oxygen consumed.
The true face of JNK activation in apoptosis (2002)

Age-associated changes in apoptotic rates have been observed in a number of different tissues. While the implications of these findings remain unclear, a better understanding of how apoptosis is regulated may further our understanding of the aging process. The role of the JNK pathway in apoptosis has been highly controversial with studies suggesting that it plays a pro-apoptotic, anti-apoptotic or no role in this process. Here we discuss what is currently known about JNK's role in apoptosis, highlighting recent findings regarding NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition of JNK activation and its impact on TNF-alpha induced apoptosis.
Transesophageal echocardiography and vascular ultrasound in the diagnosis of catheter-related persistent left superior vena cava thrombosis (2009)

We refer to a very rare case of catheter-related thrombosis in a trauma patient with persistent left and absent right superior vena cava. The role of ultrasound examination in the early diagnosis and treatment of thrombosis in the setting of intensive care unit (ICU) is thoroughly discussed. A 30-year-old man was admitted to the ICU due to multiple trauma. Six days after right internal jugular vein (IJV) catheter insertion, and during a vascular ultrasound examination, an IJV catheter-related thrombosis was diagnosed. Hence, the catheter was removed, and a follow-up ultrasound examination revealed thrombus remnant in the IJV extended into brachiocephalic vein. Subsequently, to exclude a possible extension of the thrombus in the superior vena cava, a transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination was performed. The latter revealed a distended coronary sinus and the presence of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC). Additionally, TEE examination disclosed thrombus remnant within the PLSVC that was also confirmed with CT venography. Anticoagulant therapy was started thus preventing major complications such as coronary sinus obstruction. This case underlines the role of cardiovascular ultrasound examination as an important tool in performing variety of monitoring in the setting of the ICU.
Discovering association rules from responded questionnaire for diagnosing geriatric depression (2012)

Due to the pressure from work load and daily life, there is an increase in geriatric depression population. However, some people may not notice or have no idea about the symptom of melancholia. More research input is needed to diagnose severity of melancholia at an early stage. To help users diagnose their physical fitness and mental health condition before outpatient service, two approaches are considered in this paper. One is from responded questionnaire. We apply data mining strategy to discover association rules from responded questionnaire, including geriatric depression, BAI, ASRM, and PSQI. The other is from user's recorded daily emotion. We devise user interfaces on smart phones for users to record their daily emotion. The proposed system can extract the association rules among negative emotion and help users understand their emotional variations. The discovered association rules can provide valuable information for psychiatrists to make more accurate diagnosis before outpatient service. To obtain informative analytical results, multitudes of simulations are performed on 2,500 data stored in our database. Simulation results under different combinations of score level, minimum support and minimum confidence are given for comparisons and to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system.
Placenta growth factor promotes migration through regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related protein expression in cervical cancer. (2014)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis by enabling cancer cells to depart from the primary tumor, invade surrounding tissue and disseminate to distant organs. The existence and function of EMT in cervical cancer is poorly understood. Placental growth factor (PLGF) has been shown to associate with EMT in various cancers. However, whether PLGF is involved in EMT in cervical cancer remains unclear. Thus the present study examined the relationship between PLGF expression and EMT-related proteins in 110 cervical lesions samples. We detected that PLGF was expressed in 61.8% cervical lesion sections. In addition, PLGF expression is positively correlated with low expression level of E-cadherin and high expression level of vimentin. Serum samples and cervical lavage samples were collected from patients with pre-invasive and invasive lesion of uterine cervix or normal control group, the PLGF levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that a significantly high level of PLGF could be detected both in serum and vaginal lavage compared with normal women group, and there is no significant difference between serum and lavage in PLGF level. In addition, whatever in lavage or in serum, the PLGF level in stage I and II was significantly higher than it in CINIII or cancer in situ. However, there is no significant difference between the stage I and stage II; we also found that exogenous PLGF promotes molecular changes of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in siha cells. In addition, application of a specific EKR1/2 inhibitor could reverse the effects of PLGF. These findings suggested that PLGF could regulate the expression of EMT-related proteins and promote migration of siha cells through ERK/MAPK signaling pathway. Therapies that targets PLGF/Flt-1/ERK/MAPK signaling pathway may be beneficial in treatment of cervical cancer.
Synthetic Glucocorticoids in the Environment: First Results on Their Potential Impacts on Fish (2011)

Human pharmaceuticals have been shown to be entering the aquatic environment in quantities that may produce adverse effects to aquatic organisms. This paper investigates the impacts of synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs), which are used in large amounts as anti-inflammatory drugs, on fish. Mammalian cell lines were transiently transfected with trout corticosteroid receptors (GR1, GR2, and MR) and the transactivation abilities of ten of the most prescribed GCs in the UK were measured in vitro. They showed significantly higher activity with GR2 than with GR1. In order to assess any impacts in vivo, adult fathead minnows were exposed to either 1 μg prednisolone/L or 1 μg beclomethasone dipropionate/L for 21 days. Plasma glucose concentrations were increased and leucocytes were reduced significantly in GC-exposed groups compared to the control group. In another experiment, fish were exposed to three different concentrations of Beclomethasone dipropionate and a dose-dependent increase of plasma glucose was found. The results suggest that low concentrations of synthetic GCs present in water could cause adverse effects on fish. Therefore, quantification of GCs in the aquatic environment and the effects of GCs at environmentally relevant concentrations are required in order to determine if GCs pose a threat to wild fish populations.