gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The clinical heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease and its therapeutic implications (2018)

Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily a movement disorder, there are a range of associated nonmotor symptoms, including cognitive impairment, depression and sleep disturbance. These can occur throughout the disease course, even predating the motor syndrome. However, both motor and nonmotor symptoms are variable between individual patients. Rate of disease progression is also heterogenous: although 50% have reached key milestones of either postural instability or dementia within 4 years from diagnosis, almost a quarter have a good prognosis at 10 years. In this review we discuss how a range of different factors including clinical features, pathology and genetics, have been used to describe the heterogeneity of PD. We explore the value of longitudinal studies of incident PD cohorts, based on our own experience in Cambridgeshire, to define differences in rates of disease progression and predictors of outcome, including how such studies have informed the development of prognostic models which can be used at an individual patient level. Finally, we discuss the benefits of better understanding the basis of heterogeneity of PD in terms of implications for the development and trialling of more targeted therapies for different subgroups of patients, including regenerative approaches.
Crystal structure of magnesium sesquicarbide (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure of magnesium sesquicarbideHelmer Fjellvaag and Pavel KarenCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 15, 3260–3263Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00041a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00041a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views643Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Alcohol Consumption and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes (2003)

The results of this study suggested that moderate alcohol consumption may reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, binge drinking and high alcohol consumption may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes in women.
Alessandro Manzoni, le "grida" contro i "bravi" e le "linee guida" sugli appalti pubblici (2017)

Abstract The author deals with the effectiveness of the law, starting from the analysis of new sources of law, in particular the guidelines, withdrawing the case of public procurement. Key words: Legal-positivism, guidelines, public procurement Riassunto L'autore affronta il tema dell'effettività del diritto, a partire dall'analisi delle nuove fonti del diritto, in particolare le line guida a partire dal caso recedente degli appalti pubblici. Parole chiave: giuspositivismo, linee guida, appalti pubblici
Beschreibungen der Welt (1994)

ZusammenfassungEs ist eine alte Frage, ob eine Welt außerhalb unseres Bewußtseins objektiv existiert. In diesem Buch wird der Standpunkt vertreten, daß es eine objektive Welt gibt und wir diese Welt mehr oder weniger adäquat erfahren. Doch es wird angenommen, daß alle Beschreibungen einmal recht ungenau sind und zum anderen sich z. T. widersprechen. Daher benötigen wir im Sinne von Bateson [BAT] mehrere Beschreibungen (Sprachen), um zu einem besseren Weltbild zu kommen.
Techbits (July 2000) (2000)

Techbits - No abstract available.
자바 프로그램에서 메소드 호출 빈도의 분석 (2006)

하나의 자바 프로그램은 수많은 클래스들로 이루어져있고, 각 클래스들은 다수의 메소드들을 포함하고 있다. 즉 자바 프로그램은 수많은 메소드들을 사용하고 있는데, 본 연구에서는 프로그램 실행 시 이들 메소드들이 균등하게 호출되는 것이 아니라 특정 메소드들이 집중적으로 호출되는 경향이 있음을 밝혔다. 또한 절반 내외의 메소드들은 전혀 호출되지 않는 것도 발견하였다. 몇 가지 벤치마크 프로그램에 대해 위와 같은 특징들을 실제 실험을 통해 조사하였다.
An Essay Toward a Dictionary and Grammar of the Lesser-Australian Languages, According to the Dialect used at the Marquesas (1799) (Review) (1999)

<p><em>An Essay Toward a Dictionary and Grammar of the Lesser-Australian Languages, According to the Dialect used at the Marquesas (1799)</em></p>\n<p><em></em> William P. Crook, Samuel Greatheed, and Tima'u Te'ite'i, 1998. H. G. A. Hughes and S. R. Fischer eds. Monograph I of the Institute of Polynesian Languages and Literatures. Auckland. ISBN 1174-4499. US $18, NZ $35.</p>\n<p>Review by Roger C. Green, University of Auckland</p>
Automated laboratory artifact production (2004)

Well-designed laboratory experiments in computer science take experience and hard work. Unfortunately, deploying these labs is also a lot of work. Web pages or hard copies of instructions must be set up, grading guidelines and scoring sheets need to be created, etc. Later, if the lab changes or is redeployed in another course, many of these artifacts must be individually edited. This paper presents one approach to simplifying laboratory artifact production. The approach is based on the idea that all files, configurations, scripts, etc. should be generated from a small set of non-redundant documents that can easily be modified.
A scalable, solution-phase processing route to graphene oxide and graphene ultralarge sheets (2010)

High yield production of graphene oxide and graphene sheets with an ultralarge size (up to approximately 200 microm) was realized using a modified solution-phase method.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylphosphinic Surfactants with C14‐16‐Fatty Chain. (1987)

Abstract Sodium hypophosphite (I), dissolved in ethanol‐water, reacts with the commercial α‐C14‐16‐olefins (II) in the presence of tert‐butyl perbenzoate to yield the alkylphosphinates (III).
Case Series Using Montelukast in Patients with Memory Loss and Dementia (2017)

Cognitive decline and dementia are a growing problem as the population ages. Effective therapies to prevent and treat these problems are limited. Neuro-inflammation has been suggested as a cause of dementia [1]. Montelukast is a leukotriene receptor antagonist used to treat seasonal allergies and asthma. It acts as a cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT1) receptor antagonist blocking the action of leukotrienes and decreasing inflammation [2]. Animal studies have shown that administering Montelukast improves memory function [3]. This case series of patients in a private Internal Medicine practice between 2013-2014 used Montelukast in patients with various levels of memory impairment and dementia. Patients were given Montelukast 80 mg daily in 4 divided doses every 2-3 hours. Memory impaired patients had subjective improvement in the memory and recall. Patients with dementia were noted by family members to be less agitated, but had no memory improvement at the doses used. Montelukast may be useful to treat memory impairment and dementia. Long term use might act as a prophylactic to prevent dementia.
Architectures with improved signal-to-noise ratio in photonic systems with fiber-loop delay lines (1988)

In a class of photonic systems, the intensity of the noise component caused by crosstalk from internal signals is investigated. The relevant systems are those that use loops of optical fiber as reentrant delay-line memory elements. Three architectural variations are shown to improve the ratio of the intensity of an internal signal to the intensity of this noise component. These variations include providing one extra memory element, minimizing the number of switches in a memory element that a photonic signal must traverse, and designing large systems hierarchically from smaller ones. These architectures, and the detailed formulas used to evaluate them, pertain specifically to a photonic time-slot interchanger, but the concepts are believed to generalize to similar photonic systems with applications in computing and signal processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organ and Isotype Distribution of Plasma Cells Producing Specific Antibody after Oral Immunization: Evidence for A Generalized Secretory Immune System (1979)

Mice were induced to produce IgA antibodies against ferritin after oral immunization. Such antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence in plasma cells in the intestinal mucosa as well as in secretory sites located elsewhere, such as the lactating mammary gland, salivary gland, and respiratory tract. The observation suggested that cells immunized locally via the gut could home to distant secretory sites. To confirm this hypothesis, lymphocyte transfer studies were done with mesenteric node (MN) versus peripheral node (PN) cells from orally immunized donors into nonimmunized recipients. IgA anti-ferritin cells from MN homed to exocrine targets, whereas IgM and IgG anti-ferritin cells homed to PN. The findings overall support the concept of a generalized and interrelated secretory immune system.
<i>UGO1</i> Encodes an Outer Membrane Protein Required for Mitochondrial Fusion (2001)

Membrane fusion plays an important role in controlling the shape, number, and distribution of mitochondria. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the outer membrane protein Fzo1p has been shown to mediate mitochondrial fusion. Using a novel genetic screen, we have isolated new mutants defective in the fusion of their mitochondria. One of these mutants, ugo1, shows several similarities to fzo1 mutants. ugo1 cells contain numerous mitochondrial fragments instead of the few long, tubular organelles seen in wild-type cells. ugo1 mutants lose mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). In zygotes formed by mating two ugo1 cells, mitochondria do not fuse and mix their matrix contents. Fragmentation of mitochondria and loss of mtDNA in ugo1 mutants are rescued by disrupting DNM1, a gene required for mitochondrial division. We find that UGO1 encodes a 58-kD protein located in the mitochondrial outer membrane. Ugo1p appears to contain a single transmembrane segment, with its NH(2) terminus facing the cytosol and its COOH terminus in the intermembrane space. Our results suggest that Ugo1p is a new outer membrane component of the mitochondrial fusion machinery.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i> -Associated Diarrhea: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Infection Control (1997)

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of specific infection control measures on the incidence of Clostridium difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD) and to identify risk factors for its development. Setting: 370-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital with approximately 12,000 to 15,000 admissions per year. Methods: Several infection control measures were implemented in 1991 and 1992, and the attack rates of CDAD were calculated quarterly. Antibiotic use for 1988 through 1993 was analyzed. A case-control study was conducted from January 1992 to December 1992 to identify risk factors for acquisition of CDAD. Results: From 1989 to 1992, the attack rate of CDAD increased from 0.49% to 2.25%. An increase in antibiotic use preceded the rise in the incidence of CDAD in 1991. Despite implementation of various infection control measures, the attack rate decreased to 1.32% in 1993, but did not return to baseline. Ninety-two cases and 78 controls (patients with diarrhea but with negative toxin assay) were studied. By univariate analysis, history of prior respiratory tract infections (odds ratio [OR], 3.6; 95% confidence interval [CI 95 ], 1.2-10.4), the number of antibiotics, and the duration of exposure to second-generation cephalosporins (OR, 3.55; CI 95 , 1.47-9.41) and to ciprofloxacin (OR, 7.27; CI 95 , 1.13-166.0) were related significantly to the development of CDAD. By stepwise logistic regression analysis, only exposure to antibiotics and prior respiratory tract infections ( P =.0001 and .0203, respectively) were found to be significant. Conclusion: Antibiotic pressure might have contributed to failure of infection control measures to reduce the incidence of CDAD to baseline.
THE AETIOLOGY OF OBESITY IN CHILDREN <i>A Study of 101 Twin Pairs</i> (1976)

The aetiology of obesity in children is studied here with the aid of a material consisting of 40 monozygotic and 61 dizygotic twins. The importance of heredity, early nutrition, and environment during preschool age is analysed. Genetic factors, studied by comparison of intra-pair differences in monozygotic and dizygotic twins, apparently play a decisive role in the origin of obesity. Analysis of the relation between birth weight and later development of subcutaneous fat in different types of twins does not show that intra-uterine nutrition is of aetiological importance. The comparison at age seven of groups of ordinary siblings and twins of different types does not support the idea that the pre-school environment is of importance in aetiology. Such influence seems to act mainly as a modifying factor.
[Variability of the number of nucleoli in the progeny of intact UV-irradiated clonogenic HeLa cells and the heritability of this trait]. (1982)

The nucleoli numbers and variances (sigma 2) of this character were the same in the "abortive" and "fertile" Hela clones, but higher in the cultures than in the clones. The heritability coefficient (h 2) of the nucleoli number per cell in the intact Hela population is 0.21-0.33. After UV-irradiation the variability of the nucleoli number increased both in the clones and the cultures, but the heritability coefficient remained unchanged.
Total oxidant scavenging capacities of<i>Euterpe oleracea</i>Mart. (Açaí) fruits (2005)

The antioxidant capacities of 11 commercial and non-commercial samples of Euterpe oleracea Mart. (açaí) fruit pulp were studied with the total oxidant scavenging capacity assay in a modified and automated version against three reactive oxygen species. The antioxidant capacities of all purple açaí samples were found to be excellent against peroxyl radicals, good against peroxynitrite and poor against hydroxyl radicals compared with common European fruit and vegetable juices recently analysed. In all cases the correlation between sample concentration and antioxidant capacities was non-linear. The antioxidant capacities against all three reactive oxygen species of the fruit pulp from one white açaí variety were very low. The phenolic compounds in purple açaí fruit pulp were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the two major anthocyanins, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-visible spectrometry. The contributions of the anthocyanins to the overall antioxidant capacities of the fruit were estimated to be only approximately 10%. Obviously, compounds not yet identified are responsible for the major part of the antioxidant capacities of the açaí fruit pulp.
Endocrine Aspects of Aging (1983)

Journal Article Endocrine Aspects of Aging Get access Endocrine Aspects of Aging, S. G. Korenman (Ed.). Elsevier Science, New York, 1982, 275 pp., $39.95 (cloth). Journal of Gerontology, Volume 38, Issue 5, September 1983, Page 635, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/38.5.635 Published: 01 September 1983
Multiresolution snakes for urban road extraction from Ikonos and QuickBird (2003)

International audience
New strategy for the synthesis of functionalized phosphonic acids (1997)

Various approaches leading to mono-, di-, and polyfunctionalized phosphonates as well as phosphoryl heterocycles are reported for the systematic study of relationships between chemical structure and biological activity of this most important class of organophosphorus compounds. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kinetic Control of NF-κB (2009)

Complex formation, protein processing, and biosynthesis contribute to the rapid and long-term responses to stimuli that activate NF-κB.
Variability in PAH‐DNA Adduct Measurements in Peripheral Mononuclear Cells: Implications for Quantitative Cancer Risk Assessment (1997)

Biomarkers such as DNA adducts have significant potential to improve quantitative risk assessment by characterizing individual differences in metabolism of genotoxins and DNA repair and accounting for some of the factors that could affect interindividual variation in cancer risk. Inherent uncertainty in laboratory measurements and within-person variability of DNA adduct levels over time are putatively unrelated to cancer risk and should be subtracted from observed variation to better estimate interindividual variability of response to carcinogen exposure. A total of 41 volunteers, both smokers and nonsmokers, were asked to provide a peripheral blood sample every 3 weeks for several months in order to specifically assess intraindividual variability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adduct levels. The intraindividual variance in PAH-DNA adduct levels, together with measurement uncertainty (laboratory variability and unaccounted for differences in exposure), constituted roughly 30% of the overall variance. An estimated 70% of the total variance was contributed by interindividual variability and is probably representative of the true biologic variability of response to carcinogenic exposure in lymphocytes. The estimated interindividual variability in DNA damage after subtracting intraindividual variability and measurement uncertainty was 24-fold. Inter-individual variance was higher (52-fold) in persons who constitutively lack the Glutathione S-Transferase M1 (GSTM1) gene which is important in the detoxification pathway of PAH. Risk assessment models that do not consider the variability of susceptibility to DNA damage following carcinogen exposure may underestimate risks to the general population, especially for those people who are most vulnerable.
A Simple Technique to Forecast CO2 Flood Performance (1992)

Abstract This paper presents a technique which takes a one-dimensional (1D) compositional simulation output and scales the results up to an entire pattern. The scale-up procedure takes into account the pore volume and heterogeneity of the pattern. Several parameters are adjusted to match the production history allocated to the pattern. Once a model has been developed to reproduce the waterflood performance, the initial date and target volume of carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is specified. This scale-up technique has been successfully applied to forecast the performance of the McElmo Creek Unit CO2 project (SE Utah), in operation since 1985. A history match was obtained for each of the 119 patterns in the project. In the mature CO2 flood patterns, both secondary and tertiary performance was matched. The composite of all the pattern forecasts closely follows the actual production history. The production and injection forecasts will be used to determine future water handling and gas processing requirements, and will assist with planning the timing of further field development.
Equivalent roughness for pressure drop calculations in mine ventilation (2010)

The generalized procedure for the calculation of the pressure drop along tunnels is by using Atkinson's equation. The friction factor in Atkinson's equation is determined from measured or computed values of airway dimensions and tunnel interior finishing according to mining method and ground support type. This paper re-visits the friction factor according to Colebrooks relationship and the Darcy-Weisbach equation, which are widely used in mechanical engineering. This method of calculating the friction has the advantage of a more reliable determination since the size of the airway is implicit in the method and only a representative absolute roughness has to be selected to determine the friction factor. Measurements of pressure drop performed at Codelco's El Teniente mine, Chile, permitted the determination of the absolute roughness for different tunnel sizes and wall finishing.
Miniature optical fiber sensor for pressure measurements (2006)

Fiber optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometric (EFPI) sensors are widely used in dynamic pressure measurements because of their inherent advantages including small size, light weight, high sensitivity, high frequency response, electrical passivity, electromagnetic interference immunity (EMI), and single-point measurement. However, small fluctuations of background pressure could shift the operating point of the sensor in an unpredictable way, which introduces a nonlinear response in dynamic pressure measurements. In this paper, we present a novel open structure only 125 μm in diameter to eliminate the operating point dependence on background pressure fluctuations. The essential element is a piece of hollow fiber, which connects a standard telecommunication fiber and another hollow fiber with a smaller inside diameter to form a Fabry-Perot cavity. The structure is open to the environment by a small hole, which allows gas exchange between the sensor cavity and the ambient atmosphere. On the other hand, the sensor is capable of responding to acoustic pressure because of the slow gas exchange through the small hole. In addition, this all fused silica structure features high temperature stability, good linearity, and high repeatability.
Combined inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and JAK/STAT pathways results in greater growth inhibition <i>in vitro</i> than single agent therapy (2004)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibition with small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors results in antitumor activity in only a minority of patients whose tumors express EGFR. One hypothesis to explain this suboptimal clinical activity is that multiple growth regulatory pathways are abnormal in most EGFR-expressing cancers. Given the importance of Stat-3 signaling pathway in epidermoid tumors, we hypothesized that blocking complementary pathways in an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-driven model of proliferation in the A431 cell line would demonstrate improved antiproliferative activity. Exposure of A431 cells to the EGF results in a significant increase in EGFR and Stat-3 phosphorylation. However, inhibition of EGFR by AG1478 fails to decrease EGF-induced Stat-3 phosphorylation. This suggests that EGF continues to drive Stat-3 phosphorylation through other receptors. Our study suggests that residual ErbB2 activation by EGF, despite EGFR blockade, is responsible for persistent downstream activation of Stat-3. In this setting, combined exposure to an EGFR blocker and Stat-3 blocker (AG490) results in significantly greater tumor growth inhibition than either agent alone. We conclude that targeting multiple pathways (EGFR and JAK/STAT pathways) in EGF-driven tumors may result in greater antiproliferative activity than blocking EGFR alone.
p-type doping and codoping of ZnO based on nitrogen is ineffective: An <i>ab initio</i> clue (2010)

Whereas nitrogen is regarded as the best candidate to induce p-type doping in ZnO, the practical results are mainly negative either for monodoping or codoping. We perform first-principles calculations to investigate the p-type nature of boron and nitrogen codoped ZnO. The p-type character can be obtained with the proper BN3 substitutional clusters. We propose a mechanism that explains the difficulties to synthesize p-type ZnO samples: the formation of N2 molecules substituting oxygen, which are donors, energetically prevails over any codoping cluster. This mechanism is very general and explains the experimental instability of N-based doping and codoping versus time and temperature.