gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INHIBITION PATTERN BY ANALOGS INDICATES THE PRESENCE OF TEN OR MORE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS FOR AMINO ACIDS IN BRAIN CELLS (1979)

Abstract— We surveyed the transport systems present in the brain for amino acids. Cellular transport was measured in brain slices, and capillary transport was estimated by measuring in vivo the short‐term (15 s) extraction by brain from the blood. Specific analog inhibition of uptake was used to distinguish the classes. Amino acid levels (close to physiological) were such that primarily the ‘low‐affinity’ transport was measured. In brain tissue we could distinguish 10 overlapping amino acid transport classes. Five of these, described in a number of tissues, were characterized by their substrates: alanine (A system), leucine (L system), alanine‐serine‐cysteine (ASC system), glutamic acid (Glu system), and arginine (Ly + system), respectively. The others distinguished were each fairly specific for one of the following five amino acids: glycine, proline, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, and lysine. Of these 10 systems only 4 could be clearly found in capillary transport: L, ASC, Ly + , and Glu. The properties and the distribution of the transport systems are different. Examples are that at least one of the systems is present primarily only in neurons (GABA), and one primarily in glia (taurine). The specificity of some of the systems, e.g. A, is altered during development. In contrast to the properties of most other systems, there is little Na + , energy, or temperature dependence of the L system. This is reflected in the properties of capillary neutral amino acid transport when the L system is the predominant one.
Performance analysis of hardware accelerated scheduling (2014)

Performance analysis of heterogeneous MPSoCs (Multiprocessor System-on-Chip) is difficult. The non-determinism of parallel computation, communication delays and memory accesses force the system components into complex interaction. Hardware acceleration is used both to speed up the computations and the scheduling on MPSoCs. Finding an accompanying software structuring and efficient scheduling algorithms is not a straightforward task.\n\nIn this thesis we investigate the use of simulation, measurement and modeling methods for analyzing the performance of heterogeneous MPSoCs. The viewpoint of this thesis is in simulation and modeling: How a high abstraction level simulation methodology can be used in modeling and analyzing of parallel systems based on MPSoCs. In particular we are interested in efficient use of hardware accelerated scheduling mechanisms and how they can be analyzed.\n\nBoth parallel simulation and simulation of parallel systems contains many different methods, tools and approaches that attempt to balance between competing goals and cope with a specific subset of the problem space. Challenge is that in all approaches most of the simulation and modeling related problems remain and new challenges emerge.\n\nThis thesis shows that the resource network methodology and dynamic scheduling models are a viable approach in modeling heterogeneous MPSoCs with accelerators. Concrete contributions are based on upgrading an existing simulation framework to support parallelism. Main contribution is on one hand that modeling concepts have been widened, and on the other hand that the supporting mechanisms have been implemented. The thesis work in progress was published in a peer reviewed international scientific workshop and the final results in a peer reviewed international scientific conference. The toolset has also been used in multiuniversity organized teaching and by the industry.
Leaf carbohydrate metabolism during defense (2008)

The significance of cell wall invertase (cwINV) for plant defense was investigated by comparing wild type (wt) tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. Samsun NN (SNN) with plants with RNA interference-mediated repression of cwINV (SNN::cwINV) during the interaction with the oomycetic phytopathogen Phytophthora nicotianae. We have previously shown that the transgenic plants developed normally under standard growth conditions, but exhibited weaker defense reactions in infected source leaves and were less tolerant to the pathogen. Here, we show that repression of cwINV was not accompanied by any compensatory activities of intracellular sucrose-cleaving enzymes such as vacuolar and alkaline/neutral invertases or sucrose synthase (SUSY), neither in uninfected controls nor during infection. In wt source leaves vacuolar invertase did not respond to infection, and the activity of alkaline/neutral invertases increased only slightly. SUSY however, was distinctly stimulated, in parallel to enhanced cwINV. In SNN::cwINV SUSY-activation was largely repressed upon infection. SUSY may serve to allocate sucrose into callose deposition and other carbohydrate-consuming defense reactions. Its activity, however, seems to be directly affected by cwINV and the related reflux of carbohydrates from the apoplast into the mesophyll cells.
[Degradation of ribosomal RNA from Escherichia coli by ribonuclease U2 and in vitro transcription of "RNA-fragments" into complementary DNA]. (1978)

Under well defined conditions ribosomal RNAs purified from Escherichia coli can be degraded by ribonuclease U2 giving rise to RNA fragments of 60--70 nucleotides. In vitro, these fragments are efficiently transcribed into a complementary DNA by DNA polymerase RNA dependent, partially purified from extracts of E. coli. In vivo, "RNA-fragments-U2" inhibit the development of plant tumors.
Torin 1 partially corrects vigabatrin‐induced mitochondrial increase in mouse (2015)

Recent findings in mice with targeted deletion of the GABA-metabolic enzyme succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase revealed a new role for supraphysiological GABA (4-aminobutyric acid) in the activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) that results in disruption of endogenous mitophagy. Employing biochemical and electron microscopic methodology, we examined the hypothesis that similar outcomes would be observed during intervention with vigabatrin, whose antiepileptic capacity hinges on central nervous system GABA elevation. Vigabatrin intervention was associated with significantly enhanced mitochondrial numbers and areas in normal mice that could be selectively normalized with the rapalog and mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitor, Torin 1. Moreover, short-term administration of vigabatrin induced apoptosis and enhanced phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin Ser 2448 in liver. Our results provide new insight into adverse outcomes associated with vigabatrin intervention, and the first evidence that its administration is associated with increased mitochondrial number in central and peripheral tissues that may associate with mechanistic target of rapamycin function and enhanced cell death.
Fertile Hypomorphic <i>ARGONAUTE</i> (<i>ago1</i>) Mutants Impaired in Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing and Virus Resistance (2002)

Transgene-induced post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) results from specific degradation of RNAs that are homologous with the transgene transcribed sequence. This phenomenon, also known as cosuppression in plants and quelling in fungi, resembles RNA interference (RNAi) in animals. Indeed, cosuppression/quelling/RNAi require related PAZ/PIWI proteins (AGO1/QDE-2/RDE-1), indicating that these mechanisms are related. Unlike Neurospora crassa qde-2 and Caenorhabditis elegans rde-1 mutants, which are morphologically normal, the 24 known Arabidopsis ago1 mutants display severe developmental abnormalities and are sterile. Here, we report the isolation of hypomorphic ago1 mutants, including fertile ones. We show that these hypomorphic ago1 mutants are defective for PTGS, like null sgs2, sgs3, and ago1 mutants, suggesting that PTGS is more sensitive than development to perturbations in AGO1. Conversely, a mutation in ZWILLE/PINHEAD, another member of the Arabidopsis AGO1 gene family, affects development but not PTGS. Similarly, mutations in ALG-1 and ALG-2, two members of the C. elegans RDE-1 gene family, affect development but not RNAi, indicating that the control of PTGS/RNAi and development by PAZ/PIWI proteins can be uncoupled. Finally, we show that hypomorphic ago1 mutants are hypersensitive to virus infection, confirming the hypothesis that in plants PTGS is a mechanism of defense against viruses.
Chemical Synthesis of α-Formylphenylacetic Acid, the Postulated Precursor of Tropic Acid (1981)

Abstract a-Formylphenylacetic Acid, Phenylmalonic Semialdehyde, Tropic Acid Biosynthesis a-Formylphenylacetic acid, the postulated immediate precursor of tropic acid, has been synthesized by deacetalization of a-diethoxymethylphenylacetic acid in the presence of silica gel. The compound was reasonably stable in organic solution. In aqueous media, however, a pronounced lability of this semialdehyde was observed at various pH-values (t/2 = 4.5 min at pH 7.4). It is thus very unlikely that this compound can be employed successfully in biosynthetic studies.
Presenting JavaBeans (1997)

From the Publisher:
JavaBeans allows Web publishers and developers to write re-usable components once and then run them anywhere. This guide, loaded with real-world programming examples, is a solid introduction to this new compact platform-neutral component architecture. With this book, users will learn what JavaBeans is, how it relates to existing component technologies, and how it will affect the Web.
Extensive coverage of the basics of component software; the JavaBeans API; the creation of JavaBeans; and the integration of JavaBeans with other component models, including ActiveX, LiveConnect, RMI, and COBRA
CD-ROM includes Sun s Java Developer s Kit for Windows 95, Windows NT, Macintosh, and Solaris; Sun s Beans Development Kit, and the complete source code for four JavaBeans components
Walking Patterns Used to Reduce Forefoot Plantar Pressures in People With Diabetic Neuropathies (2001)

n the United States, 56% to 83% of amputations occur in people with diabetes, and the most common causal factors are peripheral sensory neuropathy and neuropathic ulceration. Fifteen percent of individuals with diabetes will likely develop foot ulcers in their lifetime, and approximately 15% to 20% of these ulcers will result in lower-extremity amputation. In the presence of peripheral neuropathies, according to one research report, 4 72% of the amputations of limbs in people with diabetes occur because minor trauma leads to ulceration and wound healing failure. 6]
<title>Group-normalized wavelet packet signal processing</title> (1997)

Since the traditional wavelet and wavelet packet coefficients do not exactly represent the strength of signal components at the very time(space)-frequency tilling, group- normalized wavelet packet transform (GNWPT), is presented for nonlinear signal filtering and extraction from the clutter or noise, together with the space(time)-frequency masking technique. The extended F-entropy improves the performance of GNWPT. For perception-based image, soft-logic masking is emphasized to remove the aliasing with edge preserved. Lawton's method for complex valued wavelets construction is extended to generate the complex valued compactly supported wavelet packets for radar signal extraction. This kind of wavelet packets are symmetry and unitary orthogonal. Well-defined wavelet packets are chosen by the analysis remarks on their time-frequency characteristics. For real valued signal processing, such as images and ECG signal, the compactly supported spline or bi- orthogonal wavelet packets are preferred for perfect de- noising and filtering qualities.
Code-level modeling in XSPICE (2003)

Describes code-level modeling in XSPICE, an extended version of the SPICE3 simulator from the University of California at Berkeley. XSPICE extends SPICE3's capabilities to allow efficient simulation of mixed-signal (analog/digital) circuits and systems. XSPICE's code-level modeling approach allows new models to be easily added to the SPICE3 core, providing a practical alternative to traditional macromodeling techniques. Addition of event-driven simulation extends SPICE3 to include 12-state digital modeling. User-defined data types allow simulation of designs such as sampled-data filters. A library of over 40 predefined code models has been developed, covering analog, digital, and hybrid devices and functions. The complete XSPICE simulator has been integrated with the Mentor Graphics MSPICE CAE (computer-aided engineering) environment, and provides a general interprocess communication interface for connection to other CAE system software. An example illustrating the use of XSPICE in top-down, system-level design is shown. The system is a simple MIDI (musical instrument digital interface) synthesizer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GABAergic/glutamatergic imbalance relative to excessive neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorders (2014)

Multiple regression analysis revealed associations between reduced GABA level, neuroinflammation and glutamate excitotoxicity. This study indicates that autism is a developmental synaptic disorder showing imbalance in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses as a consequence of neuroinflammation.
Cellulosilyticum ruminicola gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the rumen of yak, and reclassification of Clostridium lentocellum as Cellulosilyticum lentocellum comb. nov. (2009)

An obligate anaerobic, Gram-staining-negative, mesophilic, cellulolytic bacterium, strain H1(T), was isolated from the rumen content of yak. Cells were straight to slightly curved rods, 0.8-1.0 x 3.0-4.0 microm in size, non-motile and encapsulated with mucous materials. Elliptical and terminal spores that swelled the cells were produced occasionally. The strain grew at 25-45 degrees C (optimum, 38 degrees C) and pH 6.0-7.8 (optimum, pH 6.7). Cellulose, cellobiose, xylan, xylose and maltose were used as carbon and energy sources, but not glucose. Products from cellulose and cellobiose fermentation were formic acid, acetic acid, carbon dioxide and trace amounts of ethanol, lactic acid and succinic acid. The genomic DNA G+C content was 33.7+/-1.2 mol%. The predominant fatty acids were C(16 : 0) (27.1 %), C(14 : 0) (9.2 %) and iso-C( 16 : 0) (6.4%). Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain H1(T) was affiliated to the clostridial rRNA cluster XIVb and showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Clostridium lentocellum DSM 5427(T) (96.0 %). These two strains formed a distinct lineage of the family 'Lachnospiraceae '. Based on data from this polyphasic taxonomic study, a new genus, Cellulosilyticum gen. nov., is proposed. Cellulosilyticum ruminicola sp. nov. is proposed for strain H1(T). The type strain of Cellulosilyticum ruminicola sp. nov. is strain H1(T) (=CGMCC 1.5065(T)=JCM 14822(T)). Clostridium lentocellum was reclassified in the new genus as Cellulosilyticum lentocellum comb. nov. (type strain RHM5(T)=ATCC 49066( T)=DSM 5427(T)=NCIMB 11756(T)).
Explorations of New SHG Materials in the Alkali-Metal–Nb<sup>5+</sup>–Selenite System (2015)

Standard high-temperature solid-state reactions of NaCl, Nb2O5, and SeO2 resulted in two new sodium selenites containing a second-order Jahn-Teller (SOJT) distorted Nb(5+) cation, namely, Na2Nb4O7(SeO3)4 (P1̅; 1) and NaNbO(SeO3)2 (Cmc21; 2). Compound 1 exhibits an unusual 3D [Nb4O7(SeO3)4](2-) anionic network composed of 2D [Nb4O11(SeO3)2](6-) layers which are further bridged by additional SeO3(2-) anions via corner sharing; the 2D [Nb4O11(SeO3)2](6-) layer is formed by unusual quadruple [Nb4O17](14-) niobium oxide chains of corner-sharing NbO6 octahedra being further interconnected by selenite anions via Nb-O-Se bridges. The polar compound 2 features a 1D [NbO(SeO3)2](-) anionic chain in which two neighboring Nb(5+) cations are bridged by one oxo and two selenite anions. The alignments of the polarizations from the NbO6 octahedra in 2 led to a strong SHG response of ∼7.8 × KDP (∼360 × α-SiO2), which is the largest among all phases found in metal-Nb(5+)-Se(4+)/metal-Nb(5+)-Te(4+)-O systems. Furthermore, the material is also type I phase matchable. The above experimental results are consistent with those based on DFT theoretical calculations. Thermal stabilities and optical properties for both compounds are also reported.
The Dawn of New Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Characterization of Ge1-xSnx Nanocrystals for Tunable Bandgaps. (2016)

Ge1-xSnx alloys are among a small class of benign semiconductors with composition tunable bandgaps in the near-infrared spectrum. As the amount of Sn is increased the band energy decreases and a transition from indirect to direct band structure occurs. Hence, they are prime candidates for fabrication of Si-compatible electronic and photonic devices, field effect transistors, and novel charge storage device applications. Success has been achieved with the growth of Ge1-xSnx thin film alloys with Sn compositions up to 34%. However, the synthesis of nanocrystalline alloys has proven difficult due to larger discrepancies (~14%) in lattice constants. Moreover, little is known about the chemical factors that govern the growth of Ge1-xSnx nanoalloys and the effects of quantum confinement on structure and optical properties. A synthesis has been developed to produce phase pure Ge1-xSnx nanoalloys which provides control over both size and composition. Three sets of Ge1-xSnx nanocrystals have been studied, 15–23 nm, 3.4–4.6 nm and 1.5–2.5 nm with Sn compositions from x = 0.000–0.279. Synthetic parameters were explored to control the nucleation and growth as well as the factors that have led to the elimination of undesired metallic impurities. The structural analysis of all nanocrystals suggests the diamond cubic structure typically reported for Ge1-xSnx thin films and nanocrystalline alloys. As-synthesized Ge1-xSnx nanoalloys exhibit high thermal stability and moderate resistance against sintering up to 400–500 °C and are devoid of crystalline and amorphous elemental Sn impurities.
Baseball (1961)

Baseball is a computer program that answers questions phrased in ordinary English about stored data. The program reads the question from punched cards. After the words and idioms are looked up in a dictionary, the phrase structure and other syntactic facts are determined for a content analysis, which lists attribute-value pairs specifying the information given and the information requested. The requested information is then extracted from the data matching the specifications, and any necessary processing is done. Finally, the answer is printed. The program's present context is baseball games; it answers such questions as Where did each team play on July 7?
Data abstraction in a software re-engineering reference model (2002)

The process of software reengineering must incorporate techniques for manipulating software which is imperative, declarative, or functional in nature. This generality needs a mechanism for deriving the original requirements of the underlying data structures contained within the source code itself. A reference model is proposed from which it is possible to derive the necessary techniques required to implement such a mechanism. The proposed model, the source code reengineering reference model (SCORE/RM), consists of eight layers (encapsulation, transformation, normalization, interpretation, abstraction, causation, regeneration, and certification) which provide a step-by-step approach to rationalizing the software, comprehending its functions and requirements, and rebuilding it according to well-established practices of software engineering. Such a framework can then be used to provide improved maintenance capability, language translation, retrospective standardization of the code and documentation, code migration onto parallel architectures, and formal specification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Superlubricity of two-dimensional fluorographene/MoS<sub>2</sub>heterostructure: a first-principles study (2014)

The atomic-scale friction of the fluorographene (FG)/MoS2 heterostructure is investigated using first-principles calculations. Due to the intrinsic lattice mismatch and formation of periodic Moiré patterns, the potential energy surface of the FG/MoS2 heterostructure is ultrasmooth and the interlayer shear strength is reduced by nearly two orders of magnitude, compared with both FG/FG and MoS2/MoS2 bilayers, entering the superlubricity regime. The size dependency of superlubricity is revealed as being based on the relationship between the emergence of Moiré patterns and the lattice mismatch ratio for heterostructures.
Expression of Leu‐8 surface antigen in B‐cell lymphomas. Correlation with other B‐cell markers (1988)

Using in situ immunohistological analysis, expression of Leu-8 and its correlation with other B-cell markers were investigated in 21 selected lymphomas of different categories, each one expressing its own typical immunophenotype. These categories included eight follicular centroblastic/centrocytic (CB/CC) lymphomas, eight intermediately differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas (ILL)/mantle zone lymphomas (MZL), and five lymphocytic lymphomas (LL) associated with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Four reactive lymph nodes and three tonsils were also studied using double immunolabelling procedures. Cell suspensions were also performed in three CB/CC and four ILL/MZL cases. Leu-8 was consistently expressed in ILL/MZL and LL but it was absent in most (7/8) CB/CC lymphomas. In reactive tissues, the Leu-8-positive B cells were strictly confined to the mantle zones. A close association emerged between Leu-1 (CD5) and Leu-8, both being present in ILL/MZL and LL but absent in CB/CC. A consistent lack of association was found between Leu-8 or CD5 antigens and common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (CD10) and BA-2 (CD9) antigen, whereas Leu-8 and CD5 were strictly associated with surface IgD. Reactivity with Leu-8 provides a means of distinguishing between CB/CC and ILL/MZL. Furthermore, shared immunoreactivity for Leu-8 in ILL/MZL and LL may represent a potential clue to the still uncertain cellular derivation of LL/B-CLL.
An extended object-oriented data model for complex inter-entity relationships (2002)

Object-oriented (OO) databases are deemed to be more suitable than traditional systems (e.g. relational systems) for applications involving complex data items such as multimedia information. At present, however, OO methods have some difficulty in modelling complex relationships. In this paper, an extended OO data model is proposed in order to overcome these shortcomings. The extensions enhance the modelling capability of current OO models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Thermal Insulating Properties of Vermiculite (1984)

A study has been carried out to determine the thermal insulating properties of expanded vermiculite mineral in the form of loose particles and in the form of compressed vermiculite boards. Measurements show that the thermal con ductivity of the loose vermiculite particles is in the range of 0.0633-0.0738 w/(m °C) and these values were found to vary with the pouring density of the loose particles and also with the size of the particles. Studies also show that loose vermiculite particles can be readily compacted into rigid and densified board with the addition of an external bonding medium. A phosphate-based cementitious material was found to be an effective bonding medium. Com pressed vermiculite boards containing the phosphate-based cementitious material exhibit a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.1040-0.1530 W/(m°C), a compressive strength of about 20 MN/m 2 and a transverse strength of about 9 MN/m 2 . The compressed and bonded vermiculite boards are found to have good potential as a building material for construction applications.