gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity of synthetic tat peptides in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat-promoted transcription in a cell-free system. (1990)

The tat protein encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a potent trans-activator of gene expression from the viral long terminal repeat. The domains that are essential for trans-activation, a Pro-Xaa3-Pro triad, a cysteine-rich metal-binding sequence motif, and a cluster of basic residues, are present within the N-terminal 57 residues of tat. To determine the structural requirements for tat function and the role of metal binding at the transcription level alone, tat-(1-86) (full-length tat peptide), tat-(1-57), and tat-(1-47) were chemically synthesized. These peptides as well as the Cd2+ and Zn2+ complexes of tat-(1-86) and tat-(1-57) were evaluated for stimulation of transcription from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat by using cell-free in vitro methods. All three peptides produced a 7- to 9-fold increase over the basal level of transcription at a peptide concentration of 0.4 microM. Interestingly, at 4 microM, both tat-(1-57) and tat-(1-86) inhibited even the basal level of transcription. In contrast, tat-(1-47), which lacks the basic domain (residues 49-57), exhibited full stimulatory activity at 4 microM. Our data suggest, therefore, that the basic region may be responsible for the observed inhibitory activity of tat-(1-86) and tat-(1-57). Furthermore, binding to Zn2+ and not to Cd2+ ions only slightly augments (approximately 2-fold) the activity of the tat peptides.
Damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and mesenchymal stem cells: A matter of attraction and excitement (2011)

Necrotic cell death is a typical feature of solid tumors leading to the release of necrotic products, also known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), that enhance angiogenesis and prime the immune response. Among the DAMPs, particular attention has been focused on the DNA-binding molecule high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) that can act as a chemoattractant and activator of granulocytes. Here, we discuss an article in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology that demonstrates that DAMPs promote both proliferation and trafficking of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), identifying HMGB-1 as a key factor in the regulation of these processes. Moreover, the study shows that DAMPs interfere with the expression of the immunosuppressive molecule indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in MSCs, and that the biological activity of HMGB-1 toward MSCs is abolished when HMGB-1 is oxidized. Based on the data from this, and other studies, we depict a model in which DAMPs released from necrotic tumor cells attract and stimulate local proliferation of MSCs that differentiate into tumor-associated fibroblasts promoting tumor growth and angiogenesis. Importantly, the hypoxic conditions of the tumor microenvironment may protect DAMPs from oxidation and thereby preserve their functionality.
A 1 GHz ADPLL With a 1.25 ps Minimum-Resolution Sub-Exponent TDC in 0.18 $\mu$m CMOS (2010)

An all-digital PLL for wireline applications is designed with a sub-exponent TDC which adaptively scales its resolution according to input time difference. By cascading 2× time amplifiers, the TDC efficiently generates the exponent-only information for fractional time difference. To improve linearity in a wide input range, a replica-based self-calibration scheme is applied to the time amplifier. The TDC, implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS, shows the minimum resolution of 1.25 ps with a total conversion range of 2.5 ns, the maximum operating frequency of 250 MHz, and power consumption of 1.8 mW at 60 MHz. The measured rms jitter of PLL was 5.03 ps at 960 MHz.
Comparison of promoter activities in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: use of a new broad-host-range promoter-probe plasmid (1990)

The broad-host-range plasmid, pRW2, is a derivative of pRK 2501 carrying the Escherichia coli lac operon without a promoter, downstream of a polylinker sequence. We have cloned a number of DNA fragments carrying promoters into this plasmid and measured promoter activity in both E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Promoters carrying consensus −10 and −35 sequences were active in both backgrounds and the depencence of activity on the nucleotide sequence of the 35 region was the same in both cases. We also measured the activity of two promoters at which transcription in E. coli was totally dependent on the E. coli activators CRP and FNR: both promoters were found to be ative in P. aeruginosa.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Novel BODIPY Dyes With Theranostic Applications (2014)

Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes, have garnered much attention in recent decades due to their enticing photophysical properties and their bioimaging applicability. Despite the progression of this field, the development of BODIPY based anti-cancer agents and radioimaging dyes has seen little progress. The utilization of fluorescent BODIPYs as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy, and as boron delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy offers promise as theranostic agents. Additionally, BODIPY derivatives that absorb and emit in the near-IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and bear radioisotopes suitable for radioimaging techniques are of great interest. Chapter 1 is a concise overview of the fundamental concepts of the BODIPY fluorophores. The synthetic routes, post-synthetic modification strategies, and several biological applications of BODIPYs are introduced and will be elaborated upon in subsequent chapters. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis, characterization, computational modeling and in vitro biological investigations of a series of meso-aryl tetramethyl BODIPYs and their diiodo derivatives as photodynamic therapy photosensitizers. Variances in the meso-substituent of BODIPY were found to influence the phototoxicity of diiodo-BODIPYs, with some possessing phototoxicity while others were non-toxic. The photophysical properties of these compounds were also explored computationally in collaboration with Dr. Petia Bobadova-Parvanova of Rockhurst University. Chapter 3 reports on the synthesis of several near-IR styrylated diiodo-BODIPYs prepared via the Knoevenagel reaction strategy from one of the most phototoxic BODIPYs described in Chapter 2. The effects of the number and type of styryl substituents on their photophysical properties and in vitro photodynamic activities are discussed. Chapter 4 explores the synthesis, photophysical, and in vitro biological properties of near-IR styryl BODIPYs with applications in near-IR fluorescence, PET, and SPECT imaging. The exploration of radiolabelling highly functionalized long wavelength BODIPYs is detailed herein. Chapter 5 conveys an effective method towards the preparation of carborane-appended BODIPYs for boron neutron capture therapy. The use of highly efficient palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling yielded two carboranyl-BODIPYs of varying optical properties in good yield. The photophysical properties and blood brain permeability of these novel-carboranyl BODIPYs was reported.
La traducción literal en el ámbito audiovisual. Método y técnica (2017)

The debate on literal translation is an old one, and it will surely continue to exist for the time to come. In any case, it is not intended to address that discussion here, but rather to take a descriptive, nonjudgmental look at the matter for the sole purpose of pointing out the need for more precise terminology when speaking about literal translation, especially in translation teaching. As it will be explained, literal translation can be both a translation method and a translation technique and it seems appropriate to be aware of what we mean exactly when we use this label. Moreover, as it will be shown, the positions in either direction (method or technique) remain in force, although the data suggest that, despite what it might seem at first, literal translation, as a method, is probably more present in the practice of audiovisual translation than what one might think.
Multiparametric control for enhanced biofilm selection in microbial fuel cells (2015)

Abstract BACKGROUND Microbial fuel cells ( MFCs ) directly convert the chemical energy present in wastewater into electricity. Enriching exoelectrogenic bacteria in the anode biofilm is a current and challenging research target. A multiparametric control strategy, focused on organic loading rate ( OLR ) and external resistance (R ext ) parameters, is here proposed to enhance microbial selection in MFCs . RESULTS The study examines the performance of a swine manure fed MFC working at optimal electrical condition. Maximum power point tracking ( MPPT ) control was adopted to continuously optimize applied R ext . Subsequent OLR decreases were performed to gradually improve anodic biofilm exoelectrogenic activity. The study demonstrates that high OLRs (11.2 kg COD m −3 d −1 ) limit MFC electrochemical losses, and increase absolute values of organic removal rate (4.6 kg COD m −3 d −1 ) and current production (14.9 mA ). On the other hand, low OLR adoption (0.7 kg COD m −3 d −1 ) results in higher organic matter removal (52%) and coulombic efficiency (higher than 70%) of the MFC . CONCLUSION A multiparametric control for MFCs is proposed. Combining MPPT control and low OLR results in rapid improvement of exoelectrogenic activity in MFCs biofilm. The developed strategy may be useful for future MFCs applications, in order to achieve efficient start‐up and sustainable operation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Convolutional Neural Network for Paraphrase Identification (2015)

We present a new deep learning architecture Bi-CNN-MI for paraphrase identification (PI). Based on the insight that PI requires comparing two sentences on multiple levels of granularity, we learn multigranular sentence representations using convolutional neural network (CNN) and model interaction features at each level. These features are then the input to a logistic classifier for PI. All parameters of the model (for embeddings, convolution and classification) are directly optimized for PI. To address the lack of training data, we pretrain the network in a novel way using a language modeling task. Results on the MSRP corpus surpass that of previous NN competitors.
Integration of visual inter-word constraints and linguistic knowledge in degraded text recognition (1994)

Degraded text recognition is a difficult task. Given a noisy text image, a word recognizer can be applied to generate several candidates for each word image. High-level knowledge sources can then be used to select a decision from the candidate set for each word image. In this paper, we propose that visual inter-word constraints can be used to facilitate candidate selection. Visual inter-word constraints provide a way to link word images inside the text page, and to interpret them systematically.
Variable-Temperature Infrared Cells (1965)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. W. Baker, "Variable-Temperature Infrared Cells," Appl. Opt. 4, 321-324 (1965) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Interleaved buck converters with a single-capacitor turn-off snubber (2004)

This paper proposes interleaved buck converters with a single-capacitor snubber to smooth out switch turn-off transition. The single-capacitor snubber is used to limit rising rate of drain-source voltage of the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) switch in the converters to reduce turn-off loss. In addition, the converters are operated at the boundary of continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (CCM), (DCM) to reduce turn-on loss, and in an interleaving fashion to reduce output current ripple. As compared with the counterparts of conventional converter topologies, the proposed converters have the merits of less component count, higher efficiency over a certain load range, smaller size, and they are easier to implement. Hardware measurements obtained from experimental prototypes have verified these merits.
Recent advances in correlation filter theory and application (2014)

Advanced correlation filters (CFs) were introduced over three decades ago to offer distortion-tolerant object recognition and are used in applications such as automatic target recognition (ATR) and biometric recognition. Some of the advances in CF design include minimum average correlation energy (MACE) filters that produce sharp correlations and offer excellent discrimination, optimal tradeoff synthetic discriminant function (OTSDF) filters that allow the filter designer to control the tradeoff between peak sharpness and noise tolerance, maximum average correlation height (MACH) filter that removes correlation peak constraints to reduce filter design complexity and quadratic correlation filters (QCFs) that extend the linear CFs to include second-order nonlinearity. In this paper, we summarize two recent major advances in CF design. First is the introduction of maximum margin correlation filters (MMCFs) that combine the excellent localization properties of CFs with the very good generalization abilities of support vector machines (SVMs). Second is the introduction of zero-aliasing correlation filters (ZACFs) that eliminate the aliasing in CF design due to the circular correlation caused by the use of discrete Fourier transforms (DFTs).
Physical properties of yogurt fortified with various commercial whey protein concentrates (2004)

Abstract The effects of whey protein concentrates on physical and rheological properties of yogurt were studied. Five commercial whey protein concentrates (340 g kg −1 protein nominal) were used to fortify milk to 45 g protein kg −1 . Fermentation was performed with two different starters (ropy and non‐ropy). Resulting yogurts were compared with a control yogurt enriched with skim milk powder. The water‐holding capacity of the yogurt fortified with skim milk powder was 500 g kg −1 and ranged from 600 to 638 g kg −1 when fortified with whey protein concentrates. Significant rheological differences have been noticed between the yogurts fortified with different whey protein concentrates, independent of the starter used. Three whey protein concentrates generated yogurts with a behavior similar to the control. The two others produced yogurt with lower firmness (15 g compared with 17 g), lower Brookfield viscosity (6 Pa s compared with 9 Pa s), lower yield stress (2 Pa compared with 4 Pa), lower complex viscosity (13 Pa s compared with 26 Pa s), and lower apparent viscosity (0.4 Pa s compared with 1 Pa s) than the control, respectively. The yogurts with the lowest firmness and viscosity were produced with concentrates which contained the highest amount of non‐protein nitrogen fraction (160 g kg −1 versus 126 g kg −1 of the total nitrogen), and the highest amount of denaturation of the whey protein (262 versus 200 g kg −1 of the total nitrogen). Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry
Photochemical Size Reduction of CdSe and CdSe/ZnS Semiconductor Nanoparticles Assisted by nπ* Aromatic Ketones (2009)

A novel effect of n pi* aromatic ketones on the quantum dots optical properties is reported. By controlling experimental conditions such as time of irradiation, presence of air in the media, hydrogen donor capacity of the solvent, and irradiation wavelength, core and core-shell CdSe QDs can be resized as convenient.
The partial homeodomain of the transcription factor Pax-5 (BSAP) is an interaction motif for the retinoblastoma and TATA-binding proteins. (1999)

Pax-5 codes for the transcription factor BSAP, which plays an important role in midbrain patterning, B cell development, and lymphoma formation. Pax-5 is known to control gene expression by recognizing its target genes via the NH2-terminal paired domain and by regulating transcription through a COOH-terminal regulatory module consisting of activating and inhibitory sequences. The central region of Pax-5 contains a sequence with significant homology to the first alpha-helix of the paired-type homeodomain. This partial homeodomain has been highly conserved throughout vertebrate evolution because it is found not only in Pax-5 but also in the related Pax-2 and Pax-8 members of the same Pax subfamily. Here we report that the partial homeodomain binds the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product. Both TBP and Rb were shown by coimmunoprecipitation experiments to directly associate with Pax-5 in vivo. The conserved core domain of TBP and the pocket region as well as COOH-terminal sequences of Rb are required for interaction with the partial homeodomain of Pax-5 in in vitro binding assays. Furthermore, Pax-5 was specifically bound only by the underphosphorylated form of Rb. These data indicate that Pax-5 is able to contact the basal transcription machinery through the TBP-containing initiation factor TFIID, and that its activity can be controlled by the cell cycle-regulated association with Rb.
Control of forebody vortex orientation to alleviate side forces (1980)

The paper deals with the salient phenomena of three-dimensional symmetric and asymmetric separated flows about typical forbodies at high angles of attack. Particular consideration is given to pressure, forces, and laser vapor screen measurements carried out on a 5-deg semiangle cone in a Mach 0.6 flow under turbulent conditions and supportive tests using a 16-deg semiangle tangent ogive.
Melt Structure and its Transformation by Sequential Crystallization of the Two Blocks within Poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide)‐<i>block</i>‐Poly(<i>ε</i>‐caprolactone) Double Crystalline Diblock Copolymers (2006)

Abstract Summary: Sequential crystallization of poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) followed by poly( ε ‐caprolactone) (PCL) in double crystalline PLLA‐ b ‐PCL diblock copolymers is studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS) and small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). Three samples with different compositions are studied. The sample with the shortest PLLA block (32 wt.‐% PLLA) crystallizes from a homogeneous melt, the other two (with 44 and 60% PLLA) from microphase separated structures. The microphase structure of the melt is changed as PLLA crystallizes at 122 °C (a temperature at which the PCL block is molten) forming spherulites regardless of composition, even with 32% PLLA. SAXS indicates that a lamellar structure with a different periodicity than that obtained in the melt forms (for melt segregated samples). Where PCL is the majority block, PCL crystallization at 42 °C following PLLA crystallization leads to rearrangement of the lamellar structure, as observed by SAXS, possibly due to local melting at the interphases between domains. POM results showed that PCL crystallizes within previously formed PLLA spherulites. WAXS data indicate that the PLLA unit cell is modified by crystallization of PCL, at least for the two majority PCL samples. The PCL minority sample did not crystallize at 42 °C (well below the PCL homopolymer crystallization temperature), pointing to the influence of pre‐crystallization of PLLA on PCL crystallization, although it did crystallize at lower temperature. Crystallization kinetics were examined by DSC and WAXS, with good agreement in general. The crystallization rate of PLLA decreased with increase in PCL content in the copolymers. The crystallization rate of PCL decreased with increasing PLLA content. The Avrami exponents were in general depressed for both components in the block copolymers compared to the parent homopolymers. Polarized optical micrographs during isothermal crystallization of (a) homo‐PLLA, (b) homo‐PCL, (c) and (d) block copolymer after 30 min at 122 °C and after 15 min at 42 °C. magnified image Polarized optical micrographs during isothermal crystallization of (a) homo‐PLLA, (b) homo‐PCL, (c) and (d) block copolymer after 30 min at 122 °C and after 15 min at 42 °C.
[Use of antimicrobial agents in Norway 1980-92]. (1994)

Use of systemic antimicrobial agents in Norway shows a moderate increase from 1980 to 1992, from 13.5 to 16.9 defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 inhabitants per day. Comparing the Nordic countries, the use of these drugs is second lowest in Norway, after Denmark. In relative terms the use of tetracyclines is highest in Norway. Use of co-trimoxazole is also relatively high, while use of macrolides is low. The share of penicillin V and G is highest in Sweden. Several new and important antimicrobial agents have been introduced on the Norwegian market during the period, while almost as many have been withdrawn. Penicillin V and G constitutes the main subgroup. However, the use of tetracyclines is almost as high, for a short period in fact higher. Taking into account the development of drug resistance and adverse events, it is recommended that use of tetracyclines and co-trimoxazole be reduced, mainly to the advantage of penicillins. The use of cephalosporins seems to be reasonable, but penicillins should be considered more often as an alternative. The use of antimycotic and antiviral drugs is low in terms of DDDs. In 1992 the cost of antimicrobial agents for systemic use was in 1992 approx. NOK 400 million, retail price. The largest subgroup, cephalosporins, constituted almost 20%, as against only 2% of DDDs. Antimicrobial agents represent a substantial part of the total drug budget in hospitals. A shift from expensive to cheaper alternatives should be considered as a routine. Moreover, an optimal change from parenteral to oral administration could help to reduce costs.
Solvent Extraction by Dispersed Liquid Membrne (1995)

A mathematical model for analyzing the extraction of a solute from a mixture by a solvent through dispersed liquid membrane in batch process has been presented. The phase equilibrium between the membrane and the external continuous phases and the phase equilibrium between the membrane and the internal phases are assumed. For a very short lime period, the volumes of each phases are assume constant. For the next short lime period, the volumes of each phases axe recalculated and adjusted. The process can continue to any desired operating time. The theoretical results from this model are compared with experimental data. In general, this model gives reasonalble representation of experimental data.
Lower respiratory tract infections associated with influenza A and B viruses in an area with a high prevalence of pediatric human immunodeficiency type 1 infection (2002)

HIV-1-infected children hospitalized with severe LRTI associated with influenza virus have an outcome similar to that of HIV-1-uninfected children even in the absence of antiretroviral or anti-influenza virus treatment.
Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy with spectrally tailored ultrafast pulses (2005)

We report a coherenti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy method using tailored ultrafast pulses from a broadband chirped-pulse-amplification Ti: Sapphire laser. Three input waves were obtained at the pulse compressing stage. An air-spaced etalon was used to generate the narrow band waves (2ω1), and a hard aperture mask was used to produce the broadband wave (ω2). Spectral resolution as high as 7cm−1 can be achieved with the etalon, and the temporal resolution was ∼1 picosecond. Two-dimensional (2D) time-resolved vibrational CARS spectrographs covering 820–1500cm−1 were obtained from opaque and transparent thin films.