gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-steering arrays for mobile communications (1999)

This paper discusses various architectures for self-steering arrays. The research work performed involved examining the principle of phase conjugation engaged in active self-steering arrays; and the output of a mixer after frequency down conversion was investigated for possible RF leakage signal. This study, together with theoretical simulations of self-steering arrays modelled in Matlab, led to several modes of retrodirective responses ranging from the most idealistic through to predicting the performance of hardware induced degradations. In the first model, a self-steering array using isotropic antennas produced a uniform retrodirective trajectory as the antenna array was steered from -90/spl deg/ to +90/spl deg/. In the second model, the integration of microstrip patch antennas caused uniform response roll-off as the antenna array was steered further away from the boresight. In the final model, the incorporation of a leakage signal and actual microstrip patch antenna far-field pattern produced further deterioration of the retrodirective signal.
Precise measurements of optical dispersion using a new interferometric technique (1986)

Measurements of the dispersion of the refractive index using a nonlinear interferometer are described. A sample of the optical material to be measured is interposed between two optically nonlinear crystals, and a moderately intense laser is passed through the combination. By observing the interference between the second harmonics produced in the two nonlinear crystals, the difference between the refractive indices of the sample at the laser frequency and its second harmonic frequency can be determined very precisely. We have used the interferometer to measure the dispersion in several gases between 1064 and 532 nm. We have also used it to determine the dispersion of two transparent solids. The method can measure the index difference to better than 0.1%, which for gases such as helium represents an absolute accuracy of ∼10−9.
Domestication reshaped the genetic basis of inbreeding depression in a maize landrace compared to its wild relative, teosinte (2021)

Inbreeding depression is the reduction in fitness and vigor resulting from mating of close relatives observed in many plant and animal species. The extent to which the genetic load of mutations contributing to inbreeding depression is due to large-effect mutations versus variants with very small individual effects is unknown and may be affected by population history. We compared the effects of outcrossing and self-fertilization on 18 traits in a landrace population of maize, which underwent a population bottleneck during domestication, and a neighboring population of its wild relative teosinte. Inbreeding depression was greater in maize than teosinte for 15 of 18 traits, congruent with the greater segregating genetic load in the maize population that we predicted from sequence data. Parental breeding values were highly consistent between outcross and selfed offspring, indicating that additive effects determine most of the genetic value even in the presence of strong inbreeding depression. We developed a novel linkage scan to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) representing large-effect rare variants carried by only a single parent, which were more important in teosinte than maize. Teosinte also carried more putative juvenile-acting lethal variants identified by segregation distortion. These results suggest a mixture of mostly polygenic, small-effect partially recessive effects in linkage disequilibrium underlying inbreeding depression, with an additional contribution from rare larger-effect variants that was more important in teosinte but depleted in maize following the domestication bottleneck. Purging associated with the maize domestication bottleneck may have selected against some large effect variants, but polygenic load is harder to purge and overall segregating mutational burden increased in maize compared to teosinte.
Role of 16S rRNA Helix 44 in Ribosomal Resistance to Hygromycin B (2003)

Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes. Ribosomal alterations in bacteria conferring resistance to hygromycin B have not been described, prompting us to use a single rRNA allelic derivative of the gram-positive bacterium Mycobacterium smegmatis for investigation of the molecular mechanisms involved in ribosomal resistance to hygromycin B in eubacteria. Resistance mutations were found to localize exclusively in 16S rRNA. The mutations observed, i.e., 16S rRNA U1406C, C1496U, and U1498C (E. coli numbering), are in close proximity to the hygromycin B binding site located in conserved helix 44 of 16S rRNA. The 16S rRNA positions involved in hygromycin B resistance are highly conserved in all three domains of life, explaining the lack of specificity and general toxicity of hygromycin B.
Interleukin-1 family cytokines and their regulatory proteins in normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia (2015)

Maternal systemic inflammation is a feature of pre-eclampsia, a condition in pregnancy characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Pre-eclampsia is caused by the placenta; many placental factors contribute to the syndrome's progression, and proinflammatory cytokines have been identified previously as one such mediator. The interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines are key regulators of the inflammatory network, and two naturally occurring regulatory molecules for IL-1 family cytokines, IL-1RA and sST2, have been found previously to be elevated in maternal blood from women with pre-eclampsia. Here we investigate more recently identified IL-1 family cytokines and regulatory molecules, IL-1RAcP, IL-37, IL-18BP, IL-36α/β/γ/Ra and IL-38 in pre-eclampsia. Pregnant women have more circulating IL-18BP and IL-36Ra than non-pregnant women, and sIL-1RAcP is elevated from women with pre-eclampsia compared to normal pregnancies. The placenta expresses all the molecules, and IL-37 and IL-18BP are up-regulated significantly in pre-eclampsia placentas compared to those from normal pregnancies. Together, these changes contribute to the required inhibition of maternal systemic cytotoxic immunity in normal pregnancy; however, in pre-eclampsia the same profile is not seen. Interestingly, the increased circulating levels of sIL-1RAcP and increased placental IL-18BP and IL-37, the latter of which we show to be induced by hypoxic damage to the placenta, are all factors which are anti-inflammatory. While the placenta is often held responsible for the damage and clinical symptoms of pre-eclampsia by the research community, here we show that the pre-eclampsia placenta is also trying to prevent inflammatory damage to the mother.
OS12W0341 Risk-based maintenance system for steam turbines (2003)

Two approaches were investigated for evaluating unreliability functions of failure events in steam turbine components. One is the parameter normalizing approach to establish the unique relationship between normalized hours or normalized cycles and unreliability for various classes of steam turbine output capacity. Another is the parameter adjustment approach to seek modifying coefficients as the functions of steam turbine design parameters for evaluating the specific unreliability functions from the common master curve. The cumulative hazard function method is applied to evaluate the actual field data fittings of those approaches for turbine rotor bowing and nozzle erosion events respectively. The data fittings through those approaches are good enough to apply the probabilistic risk analysis in the case of small sample size or number of units in the objective type of steam turbines. This procedure is applied in the PC based risk-based maintenance (RBM) system for practical utilization.
Immunoprotection of Cell and Tissue Implants in the CNS (2000)

The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of techniques for protecting central nervous system (CNS) implants from the immune system. It is necessarily more theoretical than methodological. The detailed methodology of the various transplantation techniques themselves are covered in greater depth elsewhere in this book; the literature cited in this chapter will enable the reader to gain a more detailed understanding of specific issues related to immunoprotection. The chapter begins with a review of the principles of the immunobiology of transplantation in general, followed by the immunobiology of CNS transplantation in particular. Various immunoprotective techniques are then reviewed.
Deciphering a subgroup of breast carcinomas with putative progression of grade during carcinogenesis revealed by comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) and immunohistochemistry (2004)

Distinct parallel cytogenetic pathways in breast carcinogenesis could be identified in recent years. Nevertheless, it remained unclear as to which tumours may have progressed in grade or which patterns of cytogenetic alteration may define the switch from an in situ towards an invasive lesion. In order to gain more detailed insights into cytogenetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the chromosomal imbalances of 206 invasive breast cancer cases were characterised by means of comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). CGH data were subjected to hierarchical cluster analysis and the results were further compared with immunohistochemical findings on tissue arrays from the same breast cancer cases. The combined analysis of immunohistochemical and cytogenetic data provided evidence that carcinomas with gains of 7p, and to a lesser extent losses of 9q and gains of 5p, are a distinct subgroup within the spectrum of ductal invasive grade 3 breast carcinomas. These aberrations were associated with a high degree of cytogenetic instability (16.6 alterations per case on average), 16q-losses in over 70% of these cases, strong oestrogen receptor expression and absence of strong expression of p53, c-erbB2 and Ck 5. These characteristics provide strong support for the hypothesis that these tumours may develop through stages of well- and perhaps intermediately differentiated breast cancers. Our results therefore underline the existence of several parallel and also stepwise progression pathways towards breast cancer.
Atypical presentation of an osteoid osteoma in a child. (2002)

Osteoid osteomas are benign bone tumors that most commonly involve the long bones of the lower extremities, but do occur in the spine with some frequency. Patients with lesions in the spine typically present with back pain, scoliosis, and, less commonly, varying degrees of radicular leg pain. We report the case of a child with complaints of nonradicular leg pain. A combination of plain radiographs, scintigraphy, and axial imaging showed a lesion in the sacral spine consistent with an osteoid osteoma. After failed medical management, our patient was treated with intralesional excision, with complete resolution of symptoms.
Network Coding Opportunities for Wireless Grids Formed by Mobile Devices (2012)

Abstract. Wireless grids have potential in sharing communication, computational and storage resources making these networks more power-ful, more robust, and less cost intensive. However, to enjoy the benefits of cooperative resource sharing, a number of issues should be addressed and the cost of the wireless link should be taken into account. We focus on the question how nodes can efficiently communicate and distribute data in a wireless grid. We show the potential of a network coding approach when nodes have the possibility to combine packets thus increasing the amount of information per transmission. Our implementation demonstrates the feasibility of network coding for wireless grids formed by mobile devices.
Physiological Society Symposium – the Athlete's Heart (2003)

Cardiac hypertrophy is a general term signifying an increase in cardiac mass in response to applied stress. In mild, early hypertrophy, cardiac myocyte contractile performance may be normal or enhanced, whereas in severe hypertrophy associated with cardiac failure, myocyte contraction is reduced in amplitude and increased in duration. In contrast to the varied contractile response, the duration of electrical excitation shows similar changes in both mild and severe hypertrophy. Action potential duration in mid-myocardial and sub-epicardial layers is increased, which is associated with ventricular arrhythmias (in a similar manner to the long QT syndromes from other causes), based on afterdepolarizations and enhanced automaticity. Single-cell studies following exercise training in animal models show that exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy displays features similar to mild, compensated hypertrophy from other causes. Developed shortening of unloaded single cells is increased or unchanged, and developed force in single myocytes is enhanced. Action potential duration is increased, apart from in the sub-endocardial layer. As with mild hypertrophy from other causes, this will be pro-arrhythmic because of altered dispersion of repolarization and enhanced automaticity. Major abnormalities of the ECG in man include frequent and complex ventricular ectopy, ST segment changes and prolongation of repolarization. In this review a case is presented for regarding exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy as being no different from mild cardiac hypertrophy resulting from other, pathological causes. The cellular electrophysiological changes are sufficient to account for many of the abnormalities of the ECG, including high-grade ventricular ectopy. Sudden death in trained athletes who have no evidence of specific heart disease may be a direct consequence of cardiac hypertrophy and altered repolarization.
Thermogravimetric study of the effect of the vapour concentration in wet air on the oxidation start at heating and on the oxide spallation at cooling of a nickel-chromium alloy exposed at high temperature (2012)

The high temperature oxidation behaviour of alloys in air may be influenced by the presence of water vapour. In this work this is more precisely the effect of the water concentration which was investigated. Four thermogravimetry runs were performed for a nickel-chromiumalloy, at temperature ranging from 1000 to 1300°C, in air especially enriched in water vapour by comparison with previous studies. The heating parts and the cooling parts of the mass gain curves were characterized with comparison with previous results obtained in dry air and in moderately humidified air. The supplementary addition of water vapour to air already wet led to another reduction in oxidation rate during heating and in total mass gain achieved before the isothermal stage. This new vapour concentration also improves the adherence of the oxide scale during cooling by comparison with dry air, but not so efficiently as the moremoderate water concentration earlier tested.
Opsonin System of the Group B Streptococcus (1974)

The opsonization by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of group B streptococcal serotypes associated with neonatal sepsis and delayed meningitis was studied. A specific BIa opsonizing antibody (not related to the antipolysaccharide typing antibody) was present in only 10% of the population tested. Serotype BIa was not opsonized in the absence of this specific antibody. BIa antibody specificity was demonstrated by macroagglutination and absorption with BIa streptococci and extracts, but not by gel diffusion. The binding of complement by the BIa opsonin increased the mean phagocytic activity by 60%; complement was manifested via the classic and/or alternate C3-related pathway, but seldom by both concurrently. Serotypes BIb, BIc, BII, and BIII were naturally and nonspecifically opsonized in 95% of the human and baboon sera or plasma tested. Although similar levels of opsonization were present in hyperimmune rabbit sera, heat inactivation and homologous bacterial absorption did not reduce the level of phagocytic activity in the rabbit, human, or primate groups studied. These immunological studies confirmed previous findings that serotype BIa presents a serious hazard for neonatal sepsis, with a nearly 100% mortality. Exclusive isolation of BIII in delayed meningitis suggests that ingestion and subsequent killing by polymorphonuclear leukocytes of type III may differ from the other serotypes.
Acute modifications of extracellular space components and urinary kallikrein excretion (1985)

In control rats urinary kallikrein excretion was positively correlated with inulin space and its both components, plasma volume and interstitial space. When the animals were infused with dextrose solution or dextrose albumin solution the distribution of water in extracellular space was altered and the correlations with urinary kallikrein excretion disappear. We conclude that the possible regulation of the components of the extracellular space on urinary kallikrein excretion has not the same importance when water distribution is altered, at least in acute situations.
High titers of antibodies inhibiting the binding of envelope to human cells correlate with natural resolution of chronic hepatitis C (1998)

Most cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection result in chronic disease; however, a very small fraction of patients naturally clear the virus and resolve chronic hepatitis. In an attempt to correlate immune response with chronic disease resolution, we compared the antibody response in patients with different outcomes of the infection. Antibody responses to HCV structural proteins were assessed in 34 patients originally diagnosed with acute hepatitis. Five cases resolved acute infection, 22 developed chronic hepatitis, and 7 naturally resolved chronic hepatitis C. To estimate HCV neutralizing antibodies we used the neutralization of binding (NOB) assay, which evaluates inhibition of the envelope-2 protein binding to human cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the quantitative assessment of serum antibodies. The presence of HCV RNA was ascertained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In 6 of 7 patients naturally recovered from chronic hepatitis C, the emergence and the persistence (for more than 3 months) of high serum titers (>1/600) of NOB antibodies coincided with virus clearance and clinical resolution of hepatitis. NOB antibody activity was observed in only 2 of 5 patients recovered from acute hepatitis C. Chronic patients who did not show any resolution during the course of the study developed low or no NOB antibodies. Because of the correlation between prolonged high NOB titers and natural resolution of chronic hepatitis C, vaccination or passive immunization aimed at high titers of NOB antibodies may be valuable new therapeutic approaches for chronic hepatitis C.
Integrated Modulators in Photonic BiCMOS (2014)

We review the development status of silicon photonic modulators for photonic BiCMOS technology. Basic depletion-type modulator performance is analyzed with respect to system specifications. Results of a first technology learning cycle shall be presented.
Gallery of CSS Descramblers (2002)

Leonardo - Volume 35, Number 5, October 2002
Vietnam Days: Australia and the Impact of Vietnam. (1993)

chart some of the forms which Australian representations of the war have taken. The book is divided into two sections, each coniaining three separate but related chapters. Part 1 sifts through the myths surrounding Australian involvement in the war. Ian McNeiil considers the australian Army's involvement in Viemam and analyses strategic planning and operational performance against the background of what is now known about the war. He outlines the developments in Australian defence policy at the time that led to involvement in Vietnam and examines the deployment of the Australian task force in Phuoc Tuy province and its role. In particular, McNeill seeks
In-vivo effects of clindamycin on neutrophil function--a preliminary report (1983)

Neutrophil functions were evaluated in six normal subjects who had received 300 mg of clindamycin orally four times each day for two days. The mean serum concentration was 1.0 mg/l at the time of neutrophil collection. Clindamycin increased phagocytosis of a clindamycin-resistant staphylococcus from 0.8 to 1.0 organism per polymorphonuclear leukocyte (P less than 0.05). The proportion of killed intracellular bacteria increased from 23.8% to 29.8%. Zymosan-induced chemiluminescence was reduced from 130 X 10(3) to 86 X 10(3) counts per 0.2 min (P less than 0.05). Chemotaxis was unaffected. These preliminary results demonstrate measurable effects of clindamycin on neutrophil functions in the host; however, further studies are needed in order to confirm the observed changes.
The Role of Bradykinin B<sub>1</sub> and B<sub>2</sub> Receptors for Secondary Brain Damage after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice (2009)

Inflammatory mechanisms are known to contribute to the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Since bradykinin is one of the first mediators activated during inflammation, we investigated the role of bradykinin and its receptors in posttraumatic secondary brain damage. We subjected wild-type (WT), B(1)-, and B(2)-receptor-knockout mice to controlled cortical impact (CCI) and analyzed tissue bradykinin as well as kinin receptor mRNA and protein expression up to 48 h thereafter. Brain edema, contusion volume, and functional outcome were assessed 24 h and 7 days after CCI. Tissue bradykinin was maximally increased 2 h after trauma (P<0.01 versus sham). Kinin B(1) receptor mRNA was upregulated up to four-fold 24 h after CCI. Immunohistochemistry showed that B(1) and B(2) receptors were expressed in the brain and were significantly upregulated in the traumatic penumbra 1 to 24 h after CCI. B(2)R(-/-) mice had significantly less brain edema (-51% versus WT, 24 h; P<0.001), smaller contusion volumes ( approximately 50% versus WT 24 h and 7 d after CCI; P<0.05), and better functional outcome 7 days after TBI as compared with WT mice (P<0.05). The present results show that bradykinin and its B(2) receptors play a causal role for brain edema formation and cell death after TBI.
Complete sequence of the G glycoprotein gene of avian metapneumovirus subgroup C and identification of a divergent domain in the predicted protein (2004)

The complete nucleotide sequences of the attachment glycoprotein (G) genes of three strains of avian metapneumovirus subgroup C (AMPV-C) were determined from the viral genomic and mRNAs. The G gene of AMPV-C was 1798 nt (1015 nt longer than previously reported) and the derived polypeptide had 585 aa. The deduced amino acid sequence of the predicted G protein of AMPV-C strain Colorado (AMPV-CO) showed 21-25 % amino acid identity to the G proteins of human metapneumoviruses, but only 14-16 % amino acid identity to those of other AMPV subgroups. The predicted G protein of AMPV-CO showed 98 and 81 % amino acid identity to those of AMPV-C strains Mn-1a and Mn-2a, respectively, indicating considerable sequence variation in the G proteins of AMPV-C isolates. Comparison of the G protein sequences of AMPV-CO and Mn-2a identified a highly divergent domain (48 % amino acid identity) at aa 300-450.
Tag-Reporter and Resin Capture–Release Strategy in Oligosaccharide Synthesis (2002)

Low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (LWPEG) has been found to be useful as a "tag" in oligosaccharide synthesis due to its high polarity. Real-time reaction monitoring was achieved by use of MALDI-TOF MS in the glycosylation reactions and color tests in the deprotection of the chloroacetyl group. Further, a cysteine-supported insoluble resin enables the purification of the chloroacetyl-bound compounds on soluble PEG.