gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge states for the Kalmeyer-Laughlin wave function (2015)

We study lattice wave functions obtained from the SU(2)${}_{1}$ Wess-Zumino-Witten conformal field theory. Following Moore and Read's construction, the Kalmeyer-Laughlin fractional quantum Hall state is defined as a correlation function of primary fields. By an additional insertion of Kac-Moody currents, we associate a wave function with each state of the conformal field theory. These wave functions span the complete Hilbert space of the lattice system. On the cylinder, we study global properties of the lattice states analytically and correlation functions numerically using a Metropolis Monte Carlo method. By comparing short-range bulk correlations, numerical evidence is provided that the states with one current operator represent edge states in the thermodynamic limit. We show that the edge states with one Kac-Moody current of lowest order have a good overlap with low-energy excited states of a local Hamiltonian, for which the Kalmeyer-Laughlin state approximates the ground state. For some states, exact parent Hamiltonians are derived on the cylinder. These Hamiltonians are SU(2) invariant and nonlocal with up to four-body interactions.
Bacterial keratitis: Photodynamic inactivation reduced experimental inflammation (2017)

The successful treatment of bacterial keratitis remains an unsolved clinical problem. The current study aimed to establish a murine keratitis model and to investigate the effect of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) on corneal inflammation. The cornea of anesthetized mice was scratched and covered with a bacterial suspension of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. A paste containing Ce6 was applied to the cornea with subsequent exposure to specified light. Two days later the animals were sacrificed, and the globes were processed for light microscopy. Evaluation parameters were the maximal corneal thickness and the severity of the hypopyon. The maximal corneal thickness of 290±16 µm in the infected and untreated group was significantly reduced to 220±8 µm in the infected and treated group (P<0.05). In addition, the hypopyon was less severe in the infected and treated group. In conclusion, the present study indicates that PDI using Ce6 may be a potential approach to treat patients suffering with severe bacterial keratitis.
Preparation of iron pyrite films for solar cells by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1990)

Chemical Vapor Deposition through delightful conversations has inspired me greatly to take a first step in this fascinating field.My discussions with Roland Pomeroy and Dev Sharma from Chemistry Department were extremely useful in overcoming several hurdles in this work.Expert technical and practical advice from Vern Moen, Jim Oxton and Mike Billany has been instrumental in acquiring basic machine shop skills.It accelerated my work and added to my assets.It is my pleasure to acknowledge Per Joensen for his systematic, accurate and kind advice in X-ray diffractometry.I am grateful to Bret Heinrich for sparing his valuable time in taking XPS measurements and Phil Kovacs for aquiring Mossbauer spectra of pyrite.But much of this work has become reality just because of the skills, precision and fine workmanship in executing the designs and drawings by the glass shop, electronic shop and machine shop personnel.Without them, very few apparatus
Amides of Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Neutral Homoleptic Zinc, Cadmium and Mercury Amides Ionic Metal Amides Lewis Base Complexes, Chelated Metal Amides and Heteroleptic Amido Complexes References
Air pollution induces enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis airway epithelium (2008)

We studied the effects of airborne particulate matters (PM) on cystic fibrosis (CF) epithelium. We noted that PM enhanced human CF bronchial epithelial apoptosis, activated caspase-9 and PARP-1; and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial inhibitors (4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'disulfonic acid, rotenone and thenoyltrifluoroacetone) blocked PM-induced generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis. PM upregulated pro-apoptotic Bad, Bax, p53 and p21; and enhanced mitochondrial localization of Bax. The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, Mcl-1 and Xiap remained unchanged; however, overexpression of Bcl-xl blocked PM-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, we provide the evidence that PM enhances oxidative stress and mitochondrial signaling mediated apoptosis via the modulation of Bcl family proteins in CF.
THE TREATMENT OF CIRCUMSCRIBED PELVIC HEMORRHAGE. (1897)

When fluid blood escapes into the normal pelvic cavity it can not be palpated, because it forms no distinct resisting mass. The hemorrhage is<i>free</i>and unlimited. If the patient survive, the blood soon coagulates; the clots gravitate to the lowest part of the pelvis; the dependent intestinal loops are floated up above the clot, and all other pelvic viscera are displaced in the direction of least resistance. The unabsorbed blood serum, together with the lymph poured out by the surrounding peritoneal surfaces, covers the blood clot, fills the interstices between the intestinal coils, fills the gaps between the displaced viscera and, becoming organized, constitutes a false membrane of varying thickness, which more or less effectually shuts off the blood mass from the rest of the peritoneal cavity. This blood mass together with whatever débris may be enclosed within, can be readily palpated both externally and internally. The longer the
AMINONITRILES. II. SOME DERIVATIVES OF 2-AMINO-3-CYANOINDENE (1960)

not available
On computing condition numbers for the nonsymmetric eigenproblem (1993)

We review the theory of condition numbers for the nonsymmetric eigenproblem and give a tabular summary of bounds for eigenvalues, means of clusters of eigenvalues, eigenvectors, invariant subspaces, and related quantities. We describe the design of new algorithms for estimating these condition numbers. Fortran subroutines implementing these algorithms are in the LAPACK library [1].
Stabilized Mode-locked Diode Lasers & Applications (2010)

Stabilized ultrafast mode-locked lasers are developed to generate ultralow noise optical frequency combs and pulse trains. The resulting pulses and associated frequency combs are then used for a variety of optical signal processing functions, such as optical sampling and waveform generation.
Construction and genetic selection of small transmembrane proteins that activate the human erythropoietin receptor (2010)

This work describes a genetic approach to isolate small, artificial transmembrane (TM) proteins with biological activity. The bovine papillomavirus E5 protein is a dimeric, 44-amino acid TM protein that transforms cells by specifically binding and activating the platelet-derived growth factor beta receptor (PDGFbetaR). We used the E5 protein as a scaffold to construct a retrovirus library expressing approximately 500,000 unique 44-amino acid proteins with randomized TM domains. We screened this library to select small, dimeric TM proteins that were structurally unrelated to erythropoietin (EPO), but specifically activated the human EPO receptor (hEPOR). These proteins did not activate the murine EPOR or the PDGFbetaR. Genetic studies with one of these activators suggested that it interacted with the TM domain of the hEPOR. Furthermore, this TM activator supported erythroid differentiation of primary human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vitro in the absence of EPO. Thus, we have changed the specificity of a protein so that it no longer recognizes its natural target but, instead, modulates an entirely different protein. This represents a novel strategy to isolate small artificial proteins that affect diverse membrane proteins. We suggest the word "traptamer" for these transmembrane aptamers.
Towards 100% Bepos 2020: achieving the successful positive energy building generalisation. National colloquium organized by Effinergie and Enerplan with the sponsorship of Sustainable Building Plan in the framework of Solar Decathlon; Vers 100% Bepos 2020: reussir la generalisation du batiment a energie positive. Colloque national organise par Effinergie et Enerplan avec le parrainage du Plan Batiment Durable dans le cadre de Solar Decathlon (2014)

The positive energy building ('Bepos') will be the building standard by 2020. With an optimized energy consumption compensated by an on-site renewable energy production, the Bepos integrates consumption and production at the same place for a zero energy impact. The following topics were debated at this conference, jointly organised by Effinergie and Enerplan: - Present day Bepos experience feedbacks in France; - Impacts of demonstrators; - Bepos dynamics and motivations in tertiary, public, collective, social and individual residential buildings; - the positive energy building road-map on the basis of experience feedbacks; - Synthesis of the energy efficiency directive enforcement in new buildings; - What regulation for 2020 and how to get prepared? - How to progress from less than 1/10000 Bepos buildings today to 100% by 2020? - Will public project management be ready in 2018? - How to make progress with pioneers? - How efficiency requirement will impact construction and architecture? This document brings together the available presentations (slides) given at the colloquium.
Corrosion Mechanism of Nickel in Hot, Concentrated H[sub 2]SO[sub 4] (2000)

Electrochemical techniques, complemented by weight change and ex situ X‐ray spectroscopic measurements, were employed to characterize the corrosion of nickel in concentrated solutions. By use of a rotating cylinder electrode, it was found that corrosion is a mass‐transport controlled process with the convective diffusion of nickel cations from a saturated layer as its rate‐determining step. The oxidizing nature of the acid solution leads to the formation of additional corrosion products including metastable NiS, and elemental sulfur along with , none of which is protective. When present on the surface, NiS establishes a galvanic interaction with the uncovered metal, significantly polarizing the anodic metal dissolution reaction. Since corrosion is mass‐transport controlled, the resultant corrosion rate of the metal is unaffected during the galvanic‐induced polarization. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Inhibitory effect of an<i>in vivo</i>activated soft analogue of A‐phenyl‐B‐triazolium metyrapone during pupariation in<i>Sarcophaga bullata</i> (1987)

Abstract Experiments with the ovoviviparous fleshfly Sarcophaga bullata (Parker) (Dipt., Sarcophagidae), showed that the compound 4‐(dodecanoyloxymethyl)‐1‐(2‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐propyl)‐(1,2,4‐triazolium) chloride (NKI‐42002) was an in vivo inhibitor of the cytochrome P‐450‐dependent monooxygenase system (MFO) during pupariation. The hard analogue of A‐phenyl‐B‐triazolium metyrapone and the soft analogue of A‐phenyl‐B‐imidazolium metyrapone showed no specific activity. Our results suggest that the soft quaternary group may help the transport of A‐phenyl‐B‐triazolium metyrapone to the MFO system. A dose of 0.8 nmole/spec. of NKI‐42002 had both a specific (delay in pupariation:1.64 ratio) and toxic (perc. of mortality:56) effect. The effects of the 0.4 nmole/spec. NKI‐42002 can be eliminated by the simultaneous injection of 0.4 pmole/spec. of 20‐OH ecdysone. These reversal studies support the hypothesis that NKI‐42002 interferes with the biosynthesis of 20‐OH ecdysone. Résumé Influence inhibitrice pendant la pupaison de Sarcophaga bullata d'un analogue fluide du A‐phényl‐B‐triazolium métyrapone rendu actif in vivo Au cours d'études sur la mouche ovovivipare Sarcophaga bullata , on a constaté que le composé 4‐(dodécanoyloxyméthyl)‐1‐(2‐méthyl‐1‐oxo‐1‐phenyl‐2‐propyl)‐(1,2,4‐triazolium) chlorure (NKI‐42002) était un inhibiteur in vivo du système cyt. P‐450 dépendant mono‐oxygénase (MFO) lors de la formation des pupes. Les analogues, solide du A‐phényl‐B‐triazolium métyrapone et fluide du A‐phényl‐B‐imidazolium métyrapone, n'ont présenté aucune activité spéciale. Ces résultats suggèrent que le groupe quaternaire fluide peut faciliter le transfert du A‐phényl‐B‐triazolium métyrapone au système MFO. La dose de 0,8 nmole/ind. de NKI‐42002 a présenté une action tant spécifique (retard à la pupaison; ratio 1,64), que toxique (mortalité 56%). On peut éliminer l'influence d'une dose de 0,4 nmole/ind. de NKI‐42002 par injection simultanée d'une dose de 0,4 pmole/ind. de 20‐OH ecdysone. Ces résultats confortent l'hypothèse suivant laquelle le NKI‐42002 interfére avec la biosynthèse de la 20‐OH ecdysone.
Reflections and Future Directions (2017)

The chapter explores the importance of autonomous learning, link it to other organizational or individual processes, and provide recommendations for fostering autonomous learning, across these contributions there is a sense that autonomous learning is distinct from training. Similarly, it is clear that autonomous learning frequently occurs in a social context. Learners will be consciously or unconsciously exposed to models, they may proactively seek help, information, and feedback, they may accept or reject feedback based, in part, on characteristics of the provider and their relationship, and they may be affected by role, organizational, and industry norms enacted by others in the workspace. Finally, individual self-regulation plays an important role in identifying the choice to engage and persist in autonomous learning. The overlap and distinctions across the contributions in this volume provide a rich array of research, theory, and speculation on our understanding of autonomous learning and its antecedents and consequences.
Turnout, Special Trackwork Grinding (2010)

Turnouts are discontinuities in the track structure that are needed to move a rail vehicle from one track to another. These discontinuities and the associated changes in track geometry, inherent in the design of the turnout, can generate significant dynamic forces at the wheel-rail interface. A severe condition can arise when the turnout degrades; specifically, the surface of the turnout degrades at the switch point, stock rails, closure rails, or frog. As the surface condition degrades, these dynamic forces can rapidly increase, resulting in accelerated degradation and/or failure of the key turnout components or derailment of the rail vehicle as it transits across the turnout. Because of the high rates of dynamic loading at special trackwork, techniques that control the level of wheel-rail dynamic force offer the potential for controlling this degradation and the associated high maintenance costs. This article provides an overview of grinding of the special trackwork and its key rail components (frog, switch point, closure rails, etc.), which represents a technique for improving the wheel-rail contact through the turnout and reducing corresponding levels of dynamic loading. The goals of grinding special trackwork such as turnouts are outlined and discussed. In order to achieve these aims and obtain an effective, accurate grinding program, it is essential that the condition of the running surface components of the turnout be closely monitored and this information be used to plan and manage the grinding program.
Generation of Halftones by Computer-Controlled Microfilm Recorder (1971)

Computers, in conjunction with microfilm recording equipment, are capable of generating pictures with a reasonable number of gray levels and good resolution. A method is described for producing pictures by means of halftone dot patterns using such equipment. The method is relatively insensitive to variations in hardware performance and adjustments.
PVD synthesis and high-throughput property characterization of Ni–Fe–Cr alloy libraries (2004)

Three methods of alloy library synthesis, thick-layer deposition followed by interdiffusion, composition-spread codeposition and electron-beam melting of thick deposited layers, have been applied to Ni–Fe–Cr ternary and Ni–Cr binary alloys. Structural XRD mapping and mechanical characterization by means of nanoindentation have been used to characterize the properties of the libraries. The library synthesis methods are compared from the point of view of the structural and mechanical information they can provide.
Secondary school madrasas in Bangladesh : incidence, quality, and implications for reform (2010)

This report presents findings from the first ever comprehensive survey to document the incidence and quality of secondary madrasas in Bangladesh. Analysis also draws upon other publicly available administrative and household level datasets. Currently the authors have very little information on school quality in general due to no national learning assessment system and because schools from different streams are tested under different Boards. Thus it is always important to examine the quality of aided madrasas relative to aided secular schools. The report highlights new challenges: while gender equality in access has been achieved in both schools and madrasas, girls remain systematically disadvantaged in terms of learning outcomes. The female learning penalty remain is particularly pronounced in case of madrasas. Overall, the quality of mathematics and English learning is low in madrasas, but performance of students of mainstream schools is also unsatisfactory average quality remains poor across the range of rural institutions. Overall, this report represents an empirically grounded investigation into the hitherto undocumented changes Bangladesh has witnessed in the secondary madrasa school sector in the past two decades. Based on their analysis, the authors suggest a range of policy initiatives that cover the entire secondary education sector, not just the madarasa education. Given the wealth of data collected on secondary institutions and households during the survey, this report only represents the first of a series of rigorous empirical research and analysis which will be undertaken. It is hoped that the report will provide an impetus towards an evidence-based policy debate on madrasas and other critical issues in the education sector.
Short-term trial of clofazimine in previously untreated lepromatous leprosy. (1992)

Forty-five previously untreated lepromatous leprosy patients were allocated randomly to three groups and treated, respectively, with Regimen A, standard dosage of clofazimine (CLO) in multidrug therapy (MDT) regimen; Regimen B, CLO 600 mg once every 4 weeks; and Regimen C, CLO 1200 mg once every 4 weeks. The duration of the trial was 24 weeks. By the end of the trial, although a few patients in each group did not improve at all clinically, the majority of patients showed clinical amelioration but the responses were slow. While the mean morphological index dropped to the baseline after 24 weeks of treatment, the mean bacterial index did not change significantly. About 80% of the patients in each group remained nasal-smear positive at the end of the trial, but the bacterial loads steadily declined. No significant difference has been detected in these parameters among the three groups. The patients tolerated the regimens very well and the side effects were mild. The results of serial mouse foot pad inoculation demonstrated that the positivity rates of multiplication of Mycobacterium leprae in mice and the proportions of viable organisms reduced gradually in all groups. Because the positivity rate at week 24 in Group C did not differ significantly from Group A, but was significantly smaller than that of Group B, we conclude that Regimen C was as active as Regimen A and could be applied for monthly supervised treatment along with rifampin; Regimen B is less effective and should not be used for the treatment of leprosy.
Bayesian Adaptive Randomized Trial Design for Patients With Recurrent Glioblastoma (2012)

Given the desire for control arms in phase II trials, an increasing number of experimental therapeutics, and a relatively short time for events, Bayesian AR designs are attractive for clinical trials in glioblastoma.
A UNIFIED APPROACH FOR GENERATING OPTIMUM GRADIENT FIR ADAPTIVE ALGORITHMS WITH TIME-VARYING CONVERGENCE FACTORS (1991)

In this paper, a unified approach for generating fast block- and sequential-gradient LMS FIR tapped delay line (TDL) adaptive algorithms is presented. These algorithms employ time-varying convergence factors which are tailored for the adaptive filter coefficients and updated at each block or single data iteration. The convergence factors are chosen to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) and are easily computed from readily available signals. The general formulation leads to three classes of adaptive algorithms. These algorithms. ordered in a descending order of their computational complexity and performance. are: the optimum block adaptive algorithm with individual adaptation of parameters (OBAI), the optimum block adaptive (OBA) and OBA shifting (ODAS) algorithms, and the homogeneous adaptive (HA) algorithm. In this paper, it is shown how each class of algorithms is obtained from the previous one, by a simple trade-off between adaptation performance and computational complexity. Implementation aspects of the generated algorithms are examined and their performance is evaluated and compared with several recently proposed algorithms by means of computer simulations under a wide range of adaptation conditions. The evaluation results show that the generated algorithms have attractive features in the comparisons due to the considerable reduction in the number of iterations required for a given adaptation accuracy. The improvement, however. is achieved at the expense of a relatively modest increase in the number of computations per data sample.
Pinch Field-Flow Fractionation Using Flow Injection Techniques (1989)

Abstract Flow injection techniques have been used almost exclusively for chemical analysis of homogeneous samples. On the other hand, field-flow fractionation is designed to separate phases in a flowing heterogeneous sample through their differing response to applied force fields. In this work we show that controlled phase separation can be achieved and successfully modeled in flow injection systems. The force that separates the phases is generated intrinsically within the flow tube by the inertial effects of the flow itself.
Microstructure of ethylene–vinyl chloride copolymers. I. Direct verification of terminal radical effects on copolymerization by a simplified NMR approach (1969)

Abstract The sequence distributions of monomer units in a series of high‐pressure, bulk ethylene–vinyl chloride copolymers have been determined by high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy. The concentrations of EE, VV, and EV (VE) monomer pairs or diads were used with NMR‐determined compositions to calculate, in addition to the sequence distribution parameters, the reactivity ratio product for the system. Inclusion of feed data allowed the calculation of individual reactivity ratios. Well within experimental error, the reactivity ratio product ( r 1 r 2 = 0.7) determined from microstructure analysis—independent of monomer feed data—was equal to that determined by the standard Fineman‐Ross technique. Terminal monomer unit effects on the copolymerization were observed. The nonrandom structures result from a copolymerization described by first‐order Markoffian statistics.