gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF β‐GALACTOSIDASE FROM ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE (1979)

ABSTRACT A strain of Aspergillus oryzae producing extracellular β‐galactosidase that hydrolyzes lactose in whey and dairy products was selected. The crude lactase concentrates were prepared by both semisolid and submerged fermentation. Yields of the enzyme from semisolid fermentation were much higher than submerged fermentation. The crude enzyme hydrolyzed lactose efficiently in acid whey and 83% lactose hydrolysis was obtained at 55°C. However, the activity of the crude enzyme is greatly reduced in cow's milk. A. oryzae lactase was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose, chromatography on CM‐cellulose, and DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 column chromatography. The purified enzyme had an optimum pH of 5. The optimum temperature was 5°C, whereas, for the crude enzyme preparation, it was 55°C. The pH stability of the enzyme was between 3.5 and 8.0 at room temperature for overnight. The Michaelis constant is 0.77 mM for o‐nitrophenyl‐p‐D‐galactopyranoside (ONPG) and 50 mM for lactose. The values of V max are 55.6 μg/min/mg of protein for ONPG and 2.4 μg/min/mg for lactose. Metal ions in the range 0.01‐l mM and sulfhydryl reagent (0.01–0.1 mM of p‐chloromercuribenzoate) have no effect on the enzyme activity. Galactose inhibited competitively the enzyme activity, whereas glucose did not.
An 8 mm FM and AM noise measuring equipment (2003)

FM/AM noise measurement equipment in which a resonator cavity is used as a discriminator to measure the noise of a single oscillator is described. A very-high-Q reflection-type tunable cavity and a circulator are used as the FM discriminator. The threshold for FM noise measurement is -120 dBc/Hz (f=50 kHz). For AM noise measurement it is -158 dBc/Hz (f=50 kHz). FM and AM noise measurement results for a Gunn oscillator and a phase-locked signal source at 8-mm waveband with an uncertainty of about 3 dB are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mutations in the vasopressin V2-receptor gene in three families of Italian descent with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (1994)

Journal Article Mutations in the vasopressin V2-receptor gene in three families of Italian descent with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus Get access V. Faà, V. Faà Istituto di Clinica e Biologia dell'Eta Evolutivà, Università degli Studi di Cagliarivia Jenner s/n, 09121 Cagliari Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.L. Ventruto, M.L. Ventruto Istituto di Clinica e Biologia dell'Eta Evolutivà, Università degli Studi di Cagliarivia Jenner s/n, 09121 Cagliari Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. Loche, S. Loche 1Servizio di Endocrinologia Pediatrica, Ospedale Regionale per le MicrocitemieUSL 21, Cagliari Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. Bozzola, M. Bozzola 2Clinica Pediatrica, Università degli Studi di PaviaItaly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. Podda, R. Podda Istituto di Clinica e Biologia dell'Eta Evolutivà, Università degli Studi di Cagliarivia Jenner s/n, 09121 Cagliari Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Cao, A. Cao Istituto di Clinica e Biologia dell'Eta Evolutivà, Università degli Studi di Cagliarivia Jenner s/n, 09121 Cagliari Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.C. Rosatelli M.C. Rosatelli * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 3, Issue 9, September 1994, Pages 1685–1686, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/3.9.1685 Published: 01 September 1994 Article history Received: 06 May 1994 Revision received: 24 June 1994 Accepted: 24 June 1994 Published: 01 September 1994
[Comprehensive assessment of urban ecosystem health]. (2006)

Ecosystem health is one of the research hotspots in ecology. This paper discussed the concept of urban ecosystem health, and from the viewpoint of complex ecosystem, presented a new method and a calculation model for the comprehensive assessment of urban ecosystem health to overcome the current researches shortcomings. The application of the method and model in Foshan City of Guangdong Province showed that the assessment results could reflect not only the overall health status of the city, but also the relative health level of the city's sub-systems.
Criminal Procedure—Probable Cause—A Bright-Line Time Limit: The Constitution Requires a Probable Cause Determination Within Forty-Eight Hours of Arrest. County of Riverside v. McLaughlin, (1992)

In early
Ultra broad slant polarized omni azimuthal antenna (2002)

A slant polarized omni azimuthal antenna covering 2 to 26 GHz (13:1 frequency bandwidth) has been designed and developed using only three layers of printed circuit polarizers. The design approach and performance optimization of the antenna are discussed. The antenna has an omni variation of /spl plusmn/ 3 dB and a nominal gain of 0 dB over the frequency band. It is lightweight, compact, and ideally suited to surveillance applications. A low-loss, lightweight radome is also developed to protect the antenna from hostile environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
L’ús del GPS en activitats desenvolupades a la natura (2003)

Aquest article tracta de mostrar-nos el funcionament del GPS (recepcio per satel·lit). GPS son les sigles de Global Positioning System, o en catala, Sistema de Posicionament Terrestre; es un metode d’orientacio basat en els senyals que reflecteixen una serie de satel·lits del Departament de Defensa dels Estats Units. El GPS dona acces, en qualsevol moment i des de qualsevol punt de la Terra, a la informacio simultania d’entre 6 i 11 satel·lits. A partir de l’obtencio de la posicio, el GPS opera com un ordinador que processa i transmet tota la informacio necessaria per seguir una ruta: rumbs o azimuts, diferencies de nivell, velocitat de marxa i temps estimat d’arribada, creacio de rutes a base de diferents trams, altitud i orientacio, etc. Un cop descarregada la informacio de la ruta o dels punts a l’ordinador, aquesta es pot retocar. Segons el programa es poden canviar les icones, els colors, noms, linies, escales, etc. L’us que cadascu donara al seu GPS es, evidentment, una questio estrictament personal (alpinisme, excursionisme, esqui o snowboard fora pistes, travesses, caca, pesca, buscar bolets...), per aixo es complementa l’article amb la comparacio entre dos dels GPS mes utilitzats.
Real‐time quantitative PCR analysis of temporal–spatial alterations in gene expression after spinal cord contusion (2005)

Rat spinal cord contusion injury models the histopathology associated with much clinical spinal cord injury (SCI). Studies on altered gene expression after SCI in these models may identify therapeutic targets for reducing secondary injury after the initial trauma and/or enhancing recovery processes. However, complex spatial and temporal alterations after injury could complicate interpretation of changes in gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we selected six genes and studied their temporal and spatial patterns of expression at 1 h, 1, 3 and 7 days after a standardized spinal cord contusion produced by a weight drop device (10 g x 25 mm at T8). Real-time RT-PCR using TaqMan probes was employed to quantify mRNA for proteolipid protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, glial fibrillary acidic protein, nestin, and the GluR2 and NR1 subunits of glutamate receptors. We found widely different temporal and spatial patterns of altered gene expression after SCI, including instances of opposing up- and down-regulation at different locations in tissue immediately adjacent to the injury site. We conclude that greater use of the reliable and extremely sensitive technique of quantitative real-time PCR for regional tissue analysis is important for understanding the altered gene expression that occurs after CNS trauma.
Novel Microdilution Method to Assess Double and Triple Antibiotic Combination Therapy<i>In Vitro</i> (2016)

An in vitro microdilution method was developed to assess double and triple combinations of antibiotics. Five antibiotics including ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and imipenem were tested against 10 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Each isolate was tested against ten double and nine triple combinations of the antibiotics. A 96-well plate was used to test three antibiotics, each one alone and in double and triple combinations against each isolate. The minimum bacteriostatic and bactericidal concentrations in combination were determined with respect to the most potent antibiotic. An Interaction Code (IC) was generated for each combination, where a numerical value was designated based on the 2-fold increase or decrease in the MICs with respect to the most potent antibiotic. The results of the combinations were verified by time-kill assay at constant concentrations of the antibiotics and in a chemostat. Only 13% of the double combinations were synergistic, whereas 5% showed antagonism. Forty-three percent of the triple combinations were synergistic with no antagonism observed, and 100% synergism was observed in combination of ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and ceftazidime. The presented protocol is simple and fast and can help the clinicians in the early selection of the effective antibiotic therapy for treatment of severe infections.
Wavelet and short-time Fourier transform analysis of electromyography for detection of back muscle fatigue (2000)

Measurement of the time-varying characteristics of the frequency content of trunk muscle electromyography is a method to quantify the amount of fatigue endured by workers during industrial tasks, as well as a tool that may guide the training and rehabilitation of healthy and injured workers. Quantification of the change of signal power within specific frequency ranges may shed greater insight into the fatigue process. Sixteen healthy male subjects performed isometric trunk extension at 70% of their maximum voluntary contraction. Surface electromyography from medial and lateral erector spinae, and latissimus dorsi locations were processed using the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform. Linear regression quantified the time rate of change of median frequency as well as frequency specific STFT filter and wavelet scale measures. The median frequency from the short-time Fourier transform declined by 22 Hz/min from an initial value of 77 Hz on average. The wavelet and STFT filter measures demonstrated this decline to be caused by a reduction in 209-349 Hz signal power in addition to an increase in 7-88 Hz signal power. A significant reduction in median frequency and significant elevation in 13-22 Hz wavelet signal component was detected in about 90% of the cases, indicating their use for detecting and quantifying fatigue.
Reading: The Other Side of the Coin (1966)

Among college students from culturally deprived backgrounds the problem of communicating ideas in writing is indeed a real one. It hampers their progress in most of their academic courses and, in numerous cases, forces them to give up their goal of becoming college graduates—a decision which jeopardizes their chances of achieving their maximum potential.
Phenotypic expression of Autoimmune Autistic Disorder (Aad): A Major subset of Autism (2009)

The scientific evidence is quite credible for our autoimmune hypothesis, leading to the identification of autoimmune autistic disorder (AAD) as a major subset of autism. AAD can be identified by immune tests to determine immune problems before administering immunotherapy. The author has advanced a speculative neuroautoimmune (NAI) model for autism, in which virus-induced autoimmunity is a key player. The latter should be targeted by immunotherapy to help children with autism.
Analytical Chemistry in Retrospect and Prospect (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalytical Chemistry in Retrospect and ProspectG. D. BealCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 5, 792–794Publication Date (Print):May 19, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 May 1954https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60089a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Positioning control system based on computer vision (2016)

This article analyzes the actual case in practical engineering field of transferring goods from an irregular tray where objects are placed in each section within a relatively large tolerance to a fixing fixture through a robot. Based on the transformation of a Cartesian coordinate system, it can compute the optimized movement of the robot in order to complete the needed rotation and translation in one single operation. Computer vision system and robot motion control are combined. The two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate systems of computer vision and robot need to be matched in order to the let the two systems work together. At the same time calibration and matching of the measurement units of the two systems as well as the compensation of image distortion play a key role in the practical implementation. This solution leads to a precise and time-efficient positioning.
Thioredoxin deficiency in yeast prolongs S phase and shortens the G1 interval of the cell cycle (1991)

Two thioredoxin genes from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were cloned using synthetic oligonucleotide probes. The DNA sequences of the two genes were found to be 74% identical. The two genes, designated TRX1 and TRX2, were mutagenized in vitro and used to construct a set of thioredoxin deletion mutants. The loss of either thioredoxin gene alone has no effect on cell growth or morphology. However, the simultaneous deletion of both thioredoxin genes profoundly affects the cell cycle. S phase is 3-fold longer, and G1 is virtually absent. In addition, the thioredoxin double mutant shows a 33% increase in generation time, a significant increase in cell size, and a greater proportion of large budded cells. The results suggest that in the absence of TRX1 and TRX2, a slow rate of DNA replication inhibits the normal progress of cellular reproduction. Surprisingly, the loss of both thioredoxins also leads to methionine auxotrophy. Thus yeast glutaredoxin is unable to substitute for thioredoxin in sulfate assimilation. As a first step in studying the cell cycle control mechanisms that respond to the thioredoxin deficiency, it was shown that cell viability does not require the function of RAD9, a known cell cycle checkpoint.
Capsular Polysaccharide of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Hobbs 10 (1974)

A capsular polysaccharide was isolated from a strain of Clostridium perfringens Hobbs 10 type A by cold-water extraction of whole, heavily encapsulated cells. The water-soluble polymer was isolated by alcohol precipitation and purified by treatment with chloroform-butanol, cetytrimethylammonium bromide, and column gel permeation chromatography by using Bio-Gel A-5m agarose. The formation of a single precipitin line, when the isolated polysaccharide was reacted with its homologous antisera by double diffusion in gel, was considered a criterion of immunochemical purity. The purified polymer appeared as a single peak when eluted from diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex with a linear gradient of NaCl. The polysaccharide was composed of glucose, galactose, galactosamine, and iduronic acid in a molar ratio of 4.1:5.1.7:1, respectively. These constituents accounted for 83% of the dry weight. The polysaccharide appeared to have a molecular weight of 40,000 and exhibited aggregation up to 120,000. A trace of peptide material could not be removed during purification.
Leaf Area Index, Water Index, and Red: Far Red Ratio Calculated by Spectral Reflectance and its Relation to Plant Architecture and Cut Rose Production (2006)

In roses ( Rosa × hybrida L.), the bending of branches is a technique that modifies the canopy of the plant and could affect such parameters as the leaf area index (LAI), the quality of reflected light, and the water index (WI) of the plant. The measurement of spectral reflectance with remote sensors is a nondestructive, quick, and simple method to study these parameters. The aim of this paper is to quantify the modification of reflected radiation quality, the LAI and the water index of the plant with different canopies, and its impact on flowering and the number and quality of flowers produced. In R. × hybrida `Terracotta', using the spectral crop reflectance, the red: far red ratio [red (R) = 680 nm; far red (FR) = 730 nm], percentage of blue light of reflected radiation, and vegetation indices [normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), simple ratio index (SRI), water index (WI)] were calculated in two architectural managements: traditional (upright hedge) and bent shoot. NDVI had a greater correlation with LAI than SRI (r 2 = 0.98 and 0.85, respectively), but SRI was more reliable for LAI values of 1 to 3.5. The bent shoot system compared to the traditional one decreased the R:FR ratio of reflected radiation and increased LAI and plant water content. These changes were related to a higher commercial quality of the flowers (longer flowering shoots with a larger stem diameter and fresh weight), although there was no significant difference in the number of flowers harvested. The period that showed the largest difference in the quality of the flower using the bent shoot system had a LAI of 2.8 vs. 1.8 with traditional management and a marked reduction in the R:FR of the light reflected by bent plants. The bent shoot system advanced the peak production by 1 month at the end of winter and improved the flowers at a time when sun radiation is limiting factor for production.
Classification and Identification of Bacteria by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry Using Ribosomal Protein as Biomarkers (2011)

A rapid and reliable method for the identification and phylogenetic classification of bacteria is described. In recent years, a method for the rapid identification of bacteria at the “species level” using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) were proposed. In this method, observed mass spectral peaks, which are used as biomarkers, are assigned using the calculated masses of ribosomal subunit proteins based on amino acid sequences registered in protein databases. We applied the proposed method to a variety of samples. including genome sequenced bacteria, and found that the method is reliable and practical for rapidly identifying bacteria at the “species level.” In addition, minor sequence variations in ribosomal subunit proteins at the “strain level” can be clearly detected as mass differences on MALDI mass spectra. Using the mass differences, it was possible to implement a method for the rapid and reliable phylogenetic classification of bacteria at the “strain level.” The method was also compared with analogous classifications using gene analysis.
The Department of Neurosurgery of the University of Cape Town: A Brief Historical Overview (1999)

Neurosurgery as an independent discipline at Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town commenced with the return of Hermann de Villiers Hammann from Munich in 1946. He developed the unit with Alex Gonski, J.P. Van Niekerk, P. Keet, and A.P. Rose-Innes. Jacquez (Kay) C. de Villiers followed in 1966, becoming the first Helen and Morris Mauerberger Professor and chairman of neurosurgery at Groote Schuur Hospital, the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, and Conradie Hospital. During that period, many contemporary South African neurosurgeons received their training, and the unit developed and expanded its reputation as a center of excellence in Africa. Since 1994, Jonathan C. Peter has been the Helen and Morris Mauerberger Professor and chairman of the department, which now consists of six full-time neurosurgeons, six part-time consultants, seven registrars, and two interns. Two to three thousand outpatients are treated each year, and approximately 1000 surgical procedures are performed. Sociopolitical changes in South Africa have resulted in a reduction in funding of tertiary academic health services, and this presents major challenges for the future.
On-the-fly detection of access anomalies in nested parallel loops (1993)

article On-the-fly detection of access anomalies in nested parallel loops Share on Authors: Yong-Kee Jun Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Chinju, 660-701, KOREA Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Chinju, 660-701, KOREAView Profile , Kern Koh Seoul National University, San 56-1 Silim-dong, Seoul, 151-742, KOREA Seoul National University, San 56-1 Silim-dong, Seoul, 151-742, KOREAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 28Issue 12Dec. 1993 pp 107–117https://doi.org/10.1145/174267.174278Online:01 December 1993Publication History 31citation207DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations31Total Downloads207Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014)

Perturbations of the composition and function of the gut microbiota have been associated with metabolic disorders including obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Studies on mice have demonstrated several underlying mechanisms including host signalling through bacterial lipopolysaccharides derived from the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria, bacterial fermentation of dietary fibres to short-chain fatty acids and bacterial modulation of bile acids. On top of this, an increased permeability of the intestinal epithelium may lead to increased absorption of macromolecules from the intestinal content resulting in systemic immune responses, low-grade inflammation and altered signalling pathways influencing lipid and glucose metabolism. While mechanistic studies on mice collectively support a causal role of the gut microbiota in metabolic diseases, the majority of studies in humans are correlative of nature and thus hinder causal inferences. Importantly, several factors known to influence the risk of type 2 diabetes, e.g. diet and age, have also been linked to alterations in the gut microbiota complicating the interpretation of correlative studies. However, based upon the available evidence, it is hypothesised that the gut microbiota may mediate or modulate the influence of lifestyle factors triggering development of type 2 diabetes. Thus, the aim of this review is to critically discuss the potential role of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.