gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of fluorescent N-(3-pyrene)maleimide adducts of myosin. (1976)

N-(3-pyrene)maleimide adducts of myosin (PM-myosin) are fluorescent and possess actin-activated Mg2+ ATPase activity. Addition of ATP to PM-myosin produces a reversible decrease of 10% in fluorescence intensity of the pyrene fluorophore in the presence of actin. Analogues of ATP which are poor substrates for myosin ATPase or which merely dissociate actomyosin produce less decrease in fluorescence of PM-myosin than does ATP. Since fluorescence of acto-PM-myosin is sensitive to environmental changes associated with ATP hydrolysis, and/or with fluorophore-actin interactions. PM-myosin may be a useful analysis of molecular aspects of muscle contraction.
[Hepatoprotective effect of plant preparations]. (2002)

The hepatoprotector activity of original compositions of plant origin, containing beet and carrot juices, decoction of dog rose fruits, and extracts of corn silk, peppermint leaves, and common horsetail herbs was studied on an acute hepatitis model induced by tetrachloromethane. An analysis of the data on the hepatocyte cytolysis, cholestasis, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant system of blood serum showed that the preparations possess membranoprotector and antioxidant properties. This was manifested by a decrease in the activity of alanine aminotransferase and in the levels of total bilirubin and the final (malonaldehyde) and intermediate (diene conjugates) lipid peroxidation products, and by the absence of decline in the level of endogenous alpha-tocopherol and in the activity of glutathione-dependent enzymes.
Migraine: diagnosis and management (2003)

Migraine is the most common form of disabling primary headache and affects approximately 12% of studied Caucasian populations. Non-pharmacological management of migraine largely consists of lifestyle advice to help sufferers avoid situations in which attacks will be triggered. Preventive treatments for migraine should usually be considered on the basis of attack frequency, particularly its trend to change with time, and tract-ability to acute care. Acute care treatments for migraine can be divided into non-specific treatments (general analgesics, such as aspirin or non-steroidal anti--inflammatory drugs) and treatments relatively specific to migraine (ergotamine and the triptans). The triptans--sumatriptan, naratriptan, rizatriptan, zolmitriptan, almotriptan, eletriptan and frovatriptan--are potent serotonin, 5-HT1B/1D, receptor agonists which represent a major advance in the treatment of acute migraine. Chronic daily headache in association with analgesic overuse is probably the major avoidable cause of headache disability in the developed world.
Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Total Avermectin Bi and 8,9-Z-Avermectin B1 Residues in Hops (1996)

Abstract A liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for determination of avermectin B1 and 8,9-Z-avermectin B1 residues in dried hops. The dried hops are rehydrated and subsequently extracted with a methanol-water mixture.The aver- mectins are partitioned into hexane and the hexane extract is concentrated (purified) on an amino- propyl solid-phase extraction column. The purified extract is derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride, and the derivatized avermectins are analyzed by re versed-phase liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Recoveries of the avermectins fromdried hops fortified with approximately 51000 ng/g avermectin B1a or 8,9-Z-avermectin B1a ranged from 73 to 108% with an overall average recovery of 95%. The limit of quantitation is 5 ng/g (signal-to-noise ratio [S/N] &gt; 10), and the limit of detection is 2 ng/g (S/N &gt; 3) for each analyte. The assay procedure provides a simple, rapid, and sensitive method for monitoring the total avermectin residues in hops.
Functional Stability of Dorsolateral Prefrontal Neurons (2004)

Stable multiday recordings from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of 2 monkeys performing 2 Go/NoGo visual-discrimination tasks (one requiring well-learned responses, the other requiring learning) demonstrate that the majority of prefrontal neurons were "functionally stable". Recordings were made using a series of removable microdrives, each implanted for 3-6 mo, housing independently mobile electrodes. Action potential waveforms of 94 neurons were stable over 2-9 days; 66/94 (70%) of these cells responded each day, 22/94 (23%) never responded significantly, and 6/94 (6%) responded one day but not the next. Of 66 responsive neurons, 55 were selective for either Go or NoGo trials, individual stimuli, or eye movements. This selectivity was functionally stable (i.e., maintained) for 46/55 neurons across all recording days. Functional stability was also noted in terms of response strength (baseline firing rates compared with poststimulation firing rates) and event-related response timing. Two neurons with consistent responses in familiar testing conditions responded flexibly when the monkeys learned to make correct responses to novel stimuli. We conclude that the majority of prefrontal neurons were functionally stable during the performance of well-learned tasks. Such stability may be a general property of prefrontal neurons, given that neurons with 4 different types of task selectivity were found to be functionally stable. Conceptually similar studies based on long-term recordings in other cortical regions reached similar conclusions, suggesting that neurons throughout the brain are functionally stable.
Gut Microbial Metabolite-Mediated Regulation of the Intestinal Barrier in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2021)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease. The disease has a multifactorial aetiology, involving genetic, microbial as well as environmental factors. The disease pathogenesis operates at the host-microbe interface in the gut. The intestinal epithelium plays a central role in IBD disease pathogenesis. Apart from being a physical barrier, the epithelium acts as a node that integrates environmental, dietary, and microbial cues to calibrate host immune response and maintain homeostasis in the gut. IBD patients display microbial dysbiosis in the gut, combined with an increased barrier permeability that contributes to disease pathogenesis. Metabolites produced by microbes in the gut are dynamic indicators of diet, host, and microbial interplay in the gut. Microbial metabolites are actively absorbed or diffused across the intestinal lining to affect the host response in the intestine as well as at systemic sites via the engagement of cognate receptors. In this review, we summarize insights from metabolomics studies, uncovering the dynamic changes in gut metabolite profiles in IBD and their importance as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. We focus on gut microbial metabolites as key regulators of the intestinal barrier and their role in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Fluorous Chemistry for Synthesis and Purification of Biomolecules: Peptides, Oligosaccharides, Glycopeptides, and Oligonucleotides (2007)

Fluorous chemistry has advanced well beyond the scope of biphasic catalysis and high-throughput synthesis of small molecules. This review describes the recent development of fluorous technologies in the synthesis and purification of biomolecules including peptides, oligosaccharides, glycopeptides, and oligonucleotides.
Sensorimotor control of breathing in the <i>mdx</i> mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2017)

Patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) hypoventilate with consequential arterial blood gas derangement relevant to disease progression. Whereas deficits in DMD diaphragm are recognized, there is a paucity of knowledge in respect of the neural control of breathing in dystrophinopathies. We sought to perform an analysis of respiratory control in a model of DMD, the mdx mouse. In 8-week-old male wild-type and mdx mice, ventilation and metabolism, carotid body afferent activity, diaphragm muscle force-generating capacity, and muscle fibre size, distribution and centronucleation were determined. Diaphragm EMG activity and responsiveness to chemostimulation was determined. During normoxia, mdx mice hypoventilated, owing to a reduction in tidal volume. Basal CO<sub>2</sub> production was not different between wild-type and mdx mice. Carotid sinus nerve responses to hyperoxia were blunted in mdx, suggesting hypoactivity. However, carotid body, ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia were equivalent in wild-type and mdx mice. Diaphragm force was severely depressed in mdx mice, with evidence of fibre remodelling and damage. Diaphragm EMG responses to chemoactivation were enhanced in mdx mice. We conclude that there is evidence of chronic hypoventilation in young mdx mice. Diaphragm dysfunction confers mechanical deficiency in mdx resulting in impaired capacity to generate normal tidal volume at rest and decreased absolute ventilation during chemoactivation. Enhanced mdx diaphragm EMG responsiveness suggests compensatory neuroplasticity facilitating respiratory motor output, which may extend to accessory muscles of breathing. Our results may have relevance to emerging treatments for human DMD aiming to preserve ventilatory capacity.
Radiolabeled Small Molecule Inhibitors of VEGFR - Recent Advances (2012)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of neovascularization and an elevated level of VEGF is known to correlate with increased metastatic invasion. Anti-angiogenic therapies focus on targeted inhibition of overexpressed growth factors with the aim of suppressing tumor proliferation, one approach is the attempt to block the intracellular tyrosine kinase at the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding site with small molecule inhibitors. For most effective treatment these targeted tumor therapies are accompanied with a more sensitive need for dose optimization and monitoring the therapeutic response. Direct non-invasive molecular imaging of tumor vascularization and of the angiogenic process in vivo would facilitate the selection of patients and help to evaluate the efficacy of an anti-angiogenic therapy. Radionuclide-based imaging technologies like PET and SPECT are progressively affecting the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer. A non-invasive and a reliable quantitative method to determine in vivo the levels of VEGFR expression using radiolabeled small molecules would help to develop a customized VEGFR-targeted chemotherapy. This review will give an overview on radiolabeled derivatives of small molecule VEGFR inhibitors basing on lead structures that have been approved or have reached clinical trials. It is covering aspects of the radiosynthesis as well the results of radiopharmacological and biological evaluation.
Sensor offset compensation for a vehicle yaw rate sensor using fuzzy logic (2007)

This paper presents a new offset compensation method by modifying the previous two mode transition map method. Different from the previous method using the mode transition map, the proposed method employs fuzzy logic to smoothly change modes. This proposed method is verified through the computer simulations using Simulink based dynamic model.
Web Document Analysis - Challenges and Opportunities (2003)

Content Extraction and Web Mining Document Analysis for Adaptive Content Delivery Table Understanding on the Web Web Image Analysis and Retrieval New Opportunities.
Component-based hierarchical modeling of systems with continuous and discrete dynamics (2002)

This paper presents a component-based modeling technique for systems with continuous and discrete dynamics. It uses hierarchical composition to hide the implementation details of one component from other components, and keeps the components at the same level of hierarchy interacting under a well-defined model of computation. Continuous time, discrete event, and finite state machine models are considered. The signal conversions at the boundaries and the execution control among the components are studied. The modeling technique is implemented in Ptolemy II, a heterogeneous modeling and design environment. A hierarchical helicopter control system is modeled as an example.
A Simple Method for Determining the Volume of Closed Containers (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Simple Method for Determining the Volume of Closed ContainersC A. Seitz and David E. EmersonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 1, 260–262Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online11 September 2003Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60257a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60257a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Broth Cultures by Immunologic Methods (1978)

The feasibilities of use of coagglutination, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, and indirect enzyme-labeled antibody techniques for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in broth cultures were evaluated. Six-hour broth cultures of 47 subcultures of recent clinical isolates of N. Gonorrhoeae were used for the tests. Positive coagglutination reactions were obtained with 43 of the broth cultures. Precipitin lines were observed with 45 cultures when counterimmunoelectrophoresis was used. All 47 broth cultures gave positive reactions with the indirect enzyme-labeled antibody technique.
Mutations in Cytochrome Assembly and Periplasmic Redox Pathways in<i>Bordetella pertussis</i> (2005)

Transposon mutagenesis of Bordetella pertussis was used to discover mutations in the cytochrome c biogenesis pathway called system II. Using a tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine cytochrome c oxidase screen, 27 oxidase-negative mutants were isolated and characterized. Nine mutants were still able to synthesize c-type cytochromes and possessed insertions in the genes for cytochrome c oxidase subunits (ctaC, -D, and -E), heme a biosynthesis (ctaB), assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (sco2), or ferrochelatase (hemZ). Eighteen mutants were unable to synthesize all c-type cytochromes. Seven of these had transposons in dipZ (dsbD), encoding the transmembrane thioreduction protein, and all seven mutants were corrected for cytochrome c assembly by exogenous dithiothreitol, which was consistent with the cytochrome c cysteinyl residues of the CXXCH motif requiring periplasmic reduction. The remaining 11 insertions were located in the ccsBA operon, suggesting that with the appropriate thiol-reducing environment, the CcsB and CcsA proteins comprise the entire system II biosynthetic pathway. Antiserum to CcsB was used to show that CcsB is absent in ccsA mutants, providing evidence for a stable CcsA-CcsB complex. No mutations were found in the genes necessary for disulfide bond formation (dsbA or dsbB). To examine whether the periplasmic disulfide bond pathway is required for cytochrome c biogenesis in B. pertussis, a targeted knockout was made in dsbB. The DsbB- mutant makes holocytochromes c like the wild type does and secretes and assembles the active periplasmic alkaline phosphatase. A dipZ mutant is not corrected by a dsbB mutation. Alternative mechanisms to oxidize disulfides in B. pertussis are analyzed and discussed.
Effects of acute and chronic administration of MK-801 on c-Fos protein expression in mice brain regions implicated in schizophrenia and antagonistic action of clozapine (2008)

Objective To investigate the effects of acute and chronic administration of the non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists MK-801 on c-Fos protein expression in different brain regions of mice and an-tagonistic action of clozapine.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of c-Fos protein.Results MK-801(0.6 mg·kg-1)acute administration produced a significant increase in the expression of c-Fos protein in the layers Ⅲ-Ⅳ of posterior cingulate and retrosplenial(PC/RS)cortex,which was consistent with the previous reports.Moreover,we presented a new finding that MK-801(0.6 mg·kg-1)chronic administration for 8 days produced a significant increase of c-Fos protein expression in the PC/RS cortex,prefrontal cortex(PFC)and hypothalamus of mice.Among that,c-Fos protein expression in the PC/RS cortex of mice was most significant.Compared acute administration with chronic administration,we found that MK-801 chronic administration significantly increased the expression of c-Fos protein in the PC/RS cortex,PFC and hypothalamus.Furthermore,pretreatment of mice with clozapine significantly decreased the expression of c-Fos protein induced by MK-801 acute and chronic administration.Conclusions Marked expression of c-Fos protein induced by MK-801 is associated with neurotransmitters’ change noted in our previous studies,and c-Fos protein,the marker of neuronal activation,might play an important role in the chronic pathophysiological process of schizophrenic model induced by NMDA receptor antagonist.
X-ray transition radiation produced in an irregular medium (1974)

A formula is derived for the spectral distribution of the xray transition radiation quanta produced in an irregular medium consisting of randomly distributed plates of arbitrary thickness which are parallel to each other. Absorption of the radiation in the plates is taken into account in the formulas. The formula is averaged over the thicknesses and distances between the plates for arbitrary distributions of these quantities. In the limiting case of zero irregulariiy, the familiar formula for x-ray transition radiation in a regular stack can be derived from the general formula. In another limiting case, when the medium is extremely irregular (i.e., when the spread of the plate thicknesses and of the distances beiween them are much greater than formation zones in matter and vacuum respectively), the number of radiation quanta produced in the medium is an additive sum of the number of radiation quanta produced at the boundaries. A numerical calculation is performed for a model in which the plate thicknesses and distances can be described by a gamma-distribution. (auth)
A quantitative study of the effect of blood viscosity and bulk modulus of plaque compositions on the vulnerability of an atherosclerotic plaque using a 3D fluid-structure interaction model (2012)

The majority of acute ischemic events are caused by plaque rupture and ensuing thrombosis. Early evaluation and continuous monitoring of a plaque's vulnerability are critical for reducing the risk of catastrophic cardio-cerebral events and mortality and morbidity of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have suggested that increased stress in the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque is the key factor triggers a plaque rupture directly. In this study, we investigate the influence of the blood viscosity and bulk modulus of plaque compositions on the stress distribution in the fibrous cap, by simulating the fluid-structure interaction using COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a. Our results indicated that, when the thickness of fibrous cap, the degree of luminal stenosis, and the other conditions were fixed, an increase of blood viscosity and a decrease of bulk modulus of lipid core caused shear stresses in all directions and normal stress along the inflow direction to increase. It can be inferred that the increase of blood viscosity and decrease of bulk modulus of lipid core may increase the risk of plaque rupture and then may lead to acute CV events. The simulation results agreed with the previous clinical/experimental studies that indicate that blood viscosity was a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease and soft lipid core was more susceptible to plaque rupture.
Midgut bacteria required for <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> insecticidal activity (2006)

Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely applied biological insecticide and is used to manage insects that affect forestry and agriculture and transmit human and animal pathogens. This ubiquitous spore-forming bacterium kills insect larvae largely through the action of insecticidal crystal proteins and is commonly deployed as a direct bacterial spray. Moreover, plants engineered with the cry genes encoding the B. thuringiensis crystal proteins are the most widely cultivated transgenic crops. For decades, the mechanism of insect killing has been assumed to be toxin-mediated lysis of the gut epithelial cells, which leads to starvation, or B. thuringiensis septicemia. Here, we report that B. thuringiensis does not kill larvae of the gypsy moth in the absence of indigenous midgut bacteria. Elimination of the gut microbial community by oral administration of antibiotics abolished B. thuringiensis insecticidal activity, and reestablishment of an Enterobacter sp. that normally resides in the midgut microbial community restored B. thuringiensis-mediated killing. Escherichia coli engineered to produce the B. thuringiensis insecticidal toxin killed gypsy moth larvae irrespective of the presence of other bacteria in the midgut. However, when the engineered E. coli was heat-killed and then fed to the larvae, the larvae did not die in the absence of the indigenous midgut bacteria. E. coli and the Enterobacter sp. achieved high populations in hemolymph, in contrast to B. thuringiensis, which appeared to die in hemolymph. Our results demonstrate that B. thuringiensis-induced mortality depends on enteric bacteria.
A Subject‐Dependent Facial Expression Recognition System (2015)

Facial expression recognition is one of the most popular topics in emotion analysis. In this chapter, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) is adopted due to its superior generalization ability. It presents the proposed method, including face detection, preprocessing, feature extraction, face recognition, and the facial expression recognition. An adaptive color space switching approach is adopted for face detection. Preprocessing contains three major steps, namely, face image normalization, pupil detection, and the Gabor transform. Two types of feature are extracted: facial feature distances and facial edge features. Subject-dependent facial expression recognition is achieved by identifying a user's face before expression recognition is conducted. Experiment results and comparisons with other methods are given. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the Taiwanese Facial Expression database (TWFE) and the Japanese Female Facial Expression database (JAFFE) were used.