gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Les générateurs à plasma (1981)

Cet article présente dans une première partie une étude des phénomènes rencontrés dans les générateurs à plasma. Après une définition sommaire du plasma et de sa génération, nous exposerons les caractéristiques essentielles des arcs plasmas et leurs particularités dans la distribution du potentiel. Le rôle des électrodes apparaît dans les phénomènes d'attachement ainsi que dans les jets cathodique et anodique créés. Les différentes méthodes de stabilisation de ces arcs (par la paroi, par transpiration, par injection tourbillonnaire d'un liquide ou d'un gaz ou par champ magnétique) sont exposées ainsi que le comportement de l'arc dans son circuit électrique d'alimentation. Les phénomènes propres aux électrodes dans les générateurs à plasma à courant alternatif sont brièvement indiqués et enfin l'usure des électrodes est discutée permettant ainsi d'évaluer la durée de vie des électrodes sous différentes atmosphères. La seconde partie est consacrée aux principes de conception et de modélisation des générateurs à plasma et la forte influence des propriétés de gaz à haute température. Des relations semi-empiriques permettant la modélisation des différents réacteurs à plasma sont déterminées pour divers gaz. Dans la troisième partie, et après l'étude des caractéristiques principales des générateurs à plasma à faible enthalpie et de leurs utilisations, nous présentons les divers générateurs à plasma utilisés. La classification faite est liée d'une part à un paramètre de structure : nature des électrodes (chaudes ou froides) et d'autre part à deux paramètres de fonctionnement : mode de stabilisation de la colonne de l'arc et nature des gaz plasmagènes utilisés (oxydants, neutres ou réducteurs). Enfin, la dernière partie traite des générateurs à plasma à forte enthalpie classés selon les modes de stabilisation utilisés.
A Placebo Controlled Trial of Clonidine in the Outpatient Management of Heroin Withdrawal (1987)

Abstract: We report the outcome of thirty‐one patients, entered in a double blind controlled trial of clonidine in the outpatient management of heroin withdrawal. All study patients were monitored on a daily basis and their treatment regime was modified to control symptoms experienced during withdrawal. Symptoms and signs were recorded daily. Clonidine was no more effective than placebo in achieving a successful withdrawal although symptoms were less severe in those patients who received the active drug. The study design engendered anxiety in all patients and this may have decreased the efficacy of the treatment regime. Further studies of clonidine in the management of heroin withdrawal in a variety of settings are warranted.
Isolation of Hen Oviduct Ovalbumin and Rat Liver Albumin Polysomes by Indirect Immunoprecipitation (1974)

Abstract The polyribosomes synthesizing ovalbumin and albumin have been isolated from total oviduct polysomes and total rat liver polysomes, respectively. The isolation was performed using an indirect immunoprecipitation technique which is based on the specific reaction which occurs between antibody against a purified native protein and the nascent peptide chains on polysomes synthesizing that protein. A soluble antibody-nascent chain-polysome complex is formed by incubating antibody with polysomes, and then precipitated by reaction with an anti-antibody. The techniques developed are both efficient and highly specific. Near quantitative isolation of polysomal mRNA coding for a specific protein may be achieved. Indirect immunoprecipitation results in nonspecific precipitation of less than 0.5% of total polysomes. Ovalbumin mRNA isolated by indirect immunoprecipitation is 99% pure with respect to contamination by other species of mRNA and rat liver albumin mRNA is greater than 95% pure. Evidence supporting these conclusions includes: (a) incubation of oviduct polysomes containing labeled nascent peptide chains with anti-bovine serum albumin results in precipitation of only 0.4% of the labeled polysomes; (b) indirect immunoprecipitates from oviduct polysomes reacted with anti-ovalbumin contain essentially no nascent peptide chains larger than ovalbumin; (c) ovalbumin and albumin mRNAs extracted from immunoprecipitates are enriched for the synthesis of their respective proteins by 1.8- and 8.7-fold, exactly the degree of purification predicted from their relative rates of synthesis; (d) isolation of albumin synthesizing polysomes from a mixture of rat liver polysomes and hen oviduct polysomes resulted in nonspecific precipitation of only 0.4% of the ovalbumin synthesizing polysomes when the immunoprecipitated RNA was assayed for its ability to synthesize ovalbumin in vitro. Indirect immunoprecipitation appears to be a general method widely applicable to the separation and isolation of polysomes and messenger RNAs coding for specific proteins.
Image interpolation using Shearlet based iterative refinement (2013)

This paper proposes an image interpolation algorithm exploiting sparse representation for natural images. It involves three main steps: (a) obtaining an initial estimate of the high resolution image using linear methods like FIR filtering, (b) promoting sparsity in a selected dictionary through iterative thresholding, and (c) extracting high frequency information from the approximation to refine the initial estimate. For the sparse modeling, a shearlet dictionary is chosen to yield a multiscale directional representation. The proposed algorithm is compared to several state-of-the-art methods to assess its objective as well as subjective performance. Compared to the cubic spline interpolation method, an average PSNR gain of around 0.8 dB is observed over a dataset of 200 images.
Design and performance of micromolded plastic butterfly wings on butterfly ornithopter (2008)

Three types of artificial butterfly wings were fabricated for investigating the morphological function of actual butterfly wings. They consist of a thin polymer membrane and micromolded polyurethane veins. The planar shape and venation of one type were the same as those of a swallowtail butterfly, and those of the other two were different. The effect of the distribution of stiffness over the wings by the veins on flight characteristics during free forward flight was investigated using an ornithopter and the three different types of wing. The overall aerodynamic coefficients were the highest for the wings with veins the same as those of a swallowtail butterfly, indicating that the veins enable slow forward flight.
Fluorescein-guided resection of gliomas (2020)

Standard of care in the management of high-grade gliomas includes gross total resection (GTR) followed by treatment with radiation and temozolomide. GTR remains one of the few independent prognostic factors for improved survival in this disease. Sodium fluorescein is an organic fluorophore that has been studied as a surgical adjunct to improve the likelihood of achieving GTR in gliomas. Though sodium fluorescein does not selectively accumulate in glioma cells, it allows for real-time identification of regions of blood brain barrier breakdown, corresponding to the contrast-enhancing cores of high-grade gliomas. In addition to its high predictive value for identifying pathologic tissue, use of fluorescein has been shown to improve rates of GTR. In stereotactic needle biopsies, it helps reduce procedure time by rapidly confirming the presence of diagnostic tissue. Furthermore, in non-enhancing, low-grade gliomas, it labels focal regions of vascular dysregulation that have been correlated with high-grade features. Fluorescein has also been shown to be significantly less expensive than other contemporary surgical adjuncts such as intraoperative ultrasound, intraoperative MRI, and the recently FDA approved fluorophore, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA). Here, we review the current literature on the effectiveness of fluorescein as a surgical tool in the resection of gliomas.
Photopolarization of thin oxide coatings on titanium (1987)

The authors obtain thin titanium oxide films by anodization and investigate, by photopolarization, the defect structure, photoconductivity, and such charge carrier properties as diffusion and mobility under the influence of a light flux.
Plasma Klotho Levels Were Inversely Associated with Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Combined Antiretroviral Therapy (2013)

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has significantly improved the survival rate in HIV-infected individuals, but it contributes to the development of various metabolic complications. Klotho is a novel antiaging gene that encodes a protein with pleiotropic functions, including an emerging role in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The protective effect of higher plasma klotho levels against CVD was recently observed in non-HIV-infected adults. We aimed to assess whether plasma-secreted α-klotho is associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients receiving cART. We prospectively examined the association of circulating plasma α-klotho in 120 HIV-infected patients who had received cART for ≥6 months with intima-media thickness (IMT) in the carotid artery and other metabolic variables. The subclinical carotid atherosclerosis was defined as an increased mean IMT level of ≥75th percentile for the matched age, sex, and race and/or the presence of carotid plaque. Thirty-four (28.3%) of 120 had subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. The higher plasma levels of α-klotho had protective effect against subclinical carotid atherosclerosis (OR 0.006, p=0.034) in multivariate regression analysis. Plasma α-klotho levels had a significantly negative correlation with fasting glucose levels (r=-0.216, p=0.018) and mean IMT (r=-0.258, p=0.004) in multiple stepwise regression analyses. The optimal cutoff values of plasma α-klotho levels for the greatest sensitivity and specificity were calculated as 2.83 log10 [pg/ml] (sensitivity, 48.7%; specificity, 90.5%). These results show that plasma klotho levels were inversely associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in HIV-infected patients receiving cART.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regioselective Olefin Hydrophosphorylation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF METHYLPENTYNOL AND OF METHYLPENTYNOL CARBAMATE IN TISSUES AND BODY FLUIDS OF CATS (1958)

A method is described for the estimation of methylpentynol and methylpentynol carbamate in body fluids and tissues. After intravenous administration, the distribution of these drugs throughout the body was found to be similar to that of ethanol. They entered cells, and crossed the blood-brain barrier and the placenta. They were excreted or secreted into the saliva, milk, gastric secretion, aqueous and vitreous humour, amniotic liquor, bile and urine. Methylpentynol was found in the expired air. Calculation of the volume of distribution and measurement of concentration in the tissues showed that both drugs were only slowly metabolized or excreted, suggesting the possibility that blood concentrations might rise cumulatively over a period of days.
MCNP-PoliMi Calculations of Active Neutron Interrogation Measurements of HEU Metal (2008)

This paper presents a comparison of Monte Carlo Code/MCNP-PoliMi calculations [Ref 1] with measurements of the prompt neutron time behavior after introduction into the highly enriched uranium ({approx}93 wt % {sup 235}U) metal of interrogating neutrons from a time tagged {sup 252}Cf spontaneous fission source or a time and directionally tagged neutrons from a steady state DT neutron generator with an embedded alpha detector [Ref 2]. These measurements used a fast time correlation processor from the nuclear material identification system (NMIS) which measured the time distribution of detection events on a nanosecond time scale (equivalent to a randomly pulsed neutron measurement) and the time distribution of events in one detector after an event in another detector (equivalent to a two-detector Rossi-alpha measurement) [Ref 3]. These calculations of the prompt neutron time behavior were performed to verify the ability of calculational methods and cross sections to predict the results for subcritical experiments.
First Example of Base‐Promoted Tandem Alkylation—Bromination of 2‐Bromothiophene via Halogen Dance Process: A Remarkable Temperature Effect. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Glomerular localization of thrombomodulin in human glomerulonephritis. (1993)

In membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and lupus glomerulonephritis, the amount of TM expressed by the plasma membranes of glomerular endothelial cells is increased, and this finding is a marker of disease activity. The significance of an increased expression of an endothelial anticoagulant glycoprotein in diseases characterized by pathologic intraglomerular coagulation is unknown, and requires further studies.
Non‐invasive Genotyping of <i>Helicobacter pylori cagA, vacA,</i> and <i>hopQ</i> from Asymptomatic Children (2012)

Using stool DNA samples, virulence markers of H. pylori were successfully genotyped in a high percentage of the asymptomatic infected children, revealing a high prevalence of genotypes associated with virulence. Type I hopQ alleles were associated with the presence of cagA and the vacA s1 genotype.
DRFX (2010)

The most intuitive memory model for shared-memory multithreaded programming is sequential consistency (SC), but it disallows the use of many compiler and hardware optimizations thereby impacting performance. Data-race-free (DRF) models, such as the proposed C++0x memory model, guarantee SC execution for datarace-free programs. But these models provide no guarantee at all for racy programs, compromising the safety and debuggability of such programs. To address the safety issue, the Java memory model, which is also based on the DRF model, provides a weak semantics for racy executions. However, this semantics is subtle and complex, making it difficult for programmers to reason about their programs and for compiler writers to ensure the correctness of compiler optimizations. We present the DRFx memory model, which is simple for programmers to understand and use while still supporting many common optimizations. We introduce a memory model (MM) exception which can be signaled to halt execution. If a program executes without throwing this exception, then DRFx guarantees that the execution is SC. If a program throws an MM exception during an execution, then DRFx guarantees that the program has a data race. We observe that SC violations can be detected in hardware through a lightweight form of conflict detection. Furthermore, our model safely allows aggressive compiler and hardware optimizations within compiler-designated program regions. We formalize our memory model, prove several properties about this model, describe a compiler and hardware design suitable for DRFx, and evaluate the performance overhead due to our compiler and hardware requirements.
Ein maskierter, aus Aziridinen freigesetzter 1,3‐Dipol (2009)

Durch Umpolen der Substituenten an einem Aziridinring entsteht der ringgeöffnete zwitterionische 1,3-Dipol nicht wie üblich durch Spaltung einer C-C-Bindung, sondern durch Spaltung einer C-N-Bindung. Dieser 1,3-Dipol reagiert mit Alkenen, Alkinen, Nitrilen und Carbonylverbindungen zu neuartigen [3+2]-Cycloaddukten, was die Vielfalt der durch 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition zugänglichen N-Heterocyclen vergrößert. EWG: elektronenziehende Gruppe.
Multiple-dose ciprofloxacin dose ranging and kinetics (1985)

We injected multiple doses of intravenous ciprofloxacin over 10 minutes every 12 hours for 1 week to nine healthy subjects, while three other subjects received placebo. Ciprofloxacin doses of 25, 50, and 75 mg were evaluated with a 1-week washout between each dose level. Mean (+/- SD) terminal excretion t1/2S were 3.56 +/- 0.66, 4.15 +/- 0.68, and 3.46 +/- 0.42 hours for the 25, 50, and 75 mg doses. Serum clearances were 35.4 +/- 6.8, 31.8 +/- 3.0, and 31.3 +/- 5.4 L/hr/1.73 m2 for these doses. Urine concentrations remained above the minimal inhibitory concentration of most urinary tract pathogens for the full 12-hour dosing interval at each dose. Renal clearance accounted for 65% to 70% of the serum clearance, but because biologically active renally excreted metabolites have been identified, our values exceed the true values. The doses of ciprofloxacin we intravenously injected were well tolerated and appeared adequate for treatment of urinary tract infections. For serious hospital-acquired sepsis, however, larger doses should be evaluated.
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analyses of a New Simian T Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 in a Wild-Caught African Baboon ( <i>Papio anubis</i> ) with an Indeterminate STLV Type 2-Like Serology (2000)

STLV-1 viruses are closely related to HTLV-1 and infect many African monkey species. Seroreactivities of monkeys infected by STLV-1 are nearly identical to those of HTLV-1-infected individuals. In some cases, STLV-1 are, sequence-wise, indistinguishable from HTLV-1, and cannot be separated from them on the basis of phylogenetic analyses. HTLV-2-related simian viruses have been rarely reported. Such STLV-2 viruses, present in African bonobo (Pan paniscus), possess a genomic organization related to but different from all known HTLV-2 subtypes. We report here the molecular characterization and the subtyping of a new STLV-1 in a wild-caught baboon (Papio anubis) whose serum exhibited an indeterminate STLV-2-like serology (p24, GD21, MTA-1 with no p19). In the env and LTR regions, this virus is phylogenetically related to the large African STLV-1 group, but does not cluster with any STLV-1 baboon sequence. The complete p19 sequence reveals amino acid changes at critical positions. This is the first report of an African STLV-1 virus leading to an STLV-2-like serological profile in its host.
Net [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the metal–oxo bonds of Cp<sub>2</sub>MO (Cp = C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>; M = Mo, W) across the carbon–oxygen bond of carbonyl ligands to form µ<sub>2</sub>,η<sup>3</sup>-CO<sub>2</sub>complexes (1989)

A new family of bimetallic µ2,η3-CO2 complexes have been prepared by net [2 + 2] cycloaddition of the metal–oxo bond of Cp2MO (M = Mo, W) across the carbon–oxygen bond of the CO ligands of [Cp′M(CO)2(NO)][BF4](M = Mn,Re) and [CpM(CO)3]BF4(M = Fe,Ru)(Cp = C5H5; Cp′= C5H4Me or C5Me5); the crystal structure of [(C5Me5)Re(CO)(NO)(µ-CO2)W(C5H5)2][BF4] has been determined.
Small nodules in liver cirrhosis: Comparison of enhancement pattern between contrast-enhanced ultrasound, quadriphasic CT, and Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI (2010)

Poster: ECR 2010 / C-0099 / Small nodules in liver cirrhosis: Comparison of enhancement pattern between contrast-enhanced ultrasound, quadriphasic CT, and Gd-BOPTA-enhanced MRI by: H.-J. Jang , T. K. Kim, K. Khalili, M. Haider; Toronto, ON/CA
Point Density Evaluation of Airborne LiDAR Datasets (2015)

Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology provides the means for fast and accurate acquisition of geospatial data. Quality control of the derived data is an important process for verifying whether the requirements of the scanning mission have been met. Point density presents one of the most important factors for evaluating LiDAR data. This paper presents a new method for evaluating the point density of LiDAR data through by applying methods of computational geometry. This method treats the LiDAR scan with regard to terrain characteristics and divides it into those areas that can be scanned and those that prevent quality scanning and produce weak returns. Point density evaluation is performed using the Voronoi diagram, which allows efficient extraction of actual LiDAR point density.
ChemInform Abstract: SHIKIMATE‐DERIVED METABOLITES. 2. SYNTHESIS OF A BACTERIAL NATURAL PRODUCT ILLUSTRATING A CONCERTED SYN‐SN2′ REACTION (1978)

Abstract Bromierung von 1,4‐Dihydro‐benzoesäureliefert ein Gemisch aus Dibrombenzoesäuren, von denen (I) (62% Ausb.) das bevore zugte Isomere ist.
Varying Gap-Immersion Method for Measuring Dielectric Constant and Loss Tangent Angle (1970)

A method is described for measuring the dielectric constant and the loss tangent angle of sheet specimens at frequencies above 1 MHz without requiring the measurements of thickness. Through the combination of the gap variation method [1]-[5] and the immersion method [6], [9], the main source of error in the gapvariation method, i.e., the thickness measurement of the specimen, is avoided. Also avoided are the possible sources of error encountered in high-frequency measurements using the immersion method such as the series resistances of the electrodes, of the capacitors used in the measuring circuit, and of the lead wire connecting the electrode and the circuit. This method is easy to use and takes little time as compared with the conventional methods. The accuracy is expected to approach that of the low-frequency immersion method.
DISCUSSION. THE EFFECT OF THE STORM OF THE 6TH OF DECEMBER, 1847, ON FOUR SEA WALLS, OR BULWARKS, OF DIFFERENT FORMS, ON THE COAST NEAR EDINBURGH; AS ILLUSTRATING THE PRINCIPLES OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF SEA DEFENCES. (1848)

Keywords WILLIAM BUCKLAND, SEA, DEFENCES, STORMS, WALLS, SEA WALLS, COASTS, BULWARKS, CONSTRUCTION, WAVES, EMBANKMENTS, BREAKWATERS, MASONRY EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND UK... Show All
Age-Related Changes in G<sub>0</sub>-G<sub>1</sub> Transition and Proliferative Capacity of Mitogen-Stimulated Murine Spleen Cells (1982)

The early kinetics of mitogen-stimulated of mitogen-stimulated spleen cells from young adult and aged NMRI mice were investigated. Using RNA synthesis as measured by cytofluorometry by cytofluorometry and 3H-leucine and 3H-thymidine incorporation as parameters, it was apparent that age-related changes occur at different levels during mitogen stimulation. First, in aged mice fewer cells per 10(6) spleen cells are being activated by mitogen, and, second, fewer of the activated lymphocytes will proliferate. However, the cells which initiate synthesis of RNA, protein, and DNA apparently behave in identical manners, chronologically, as cells from young adult mice.
Endogenous and exogenous glucocorticoids decrease plasma ghrelin in humans (2004)

We have shown for the first time that plasma ghrelin levels are decreased under endogenously or exogenously induced hypercortisolism, making ghrelin an unlikely candidate for causing the changes in energy balance or body composition characteristic of Cushing's disease. However, the reduced ghrelin secretion could reflect a compensation mechanism in reaction to the metabolic consequences of chronic hypercortisolism.
Occurrence, Implication and Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus (DOP) in Advanced Wastewater Effluents (2011)

Occurrence, Implication and Bioavailability of Dissolved Organic Phosphorus (DOP) in Advanced Wastewater Effluents Author(s)L. LiuD. S. SmithM. BrackenJ.B. NeethlingH.D. StenselS. MurthyA. PramanikA.Z. GuSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 75: Nutrient RemovalDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:11L.4852;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802765372Volume / Issue2011 / 11Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)4852 - 4863Copyright2011Word count14