gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upgrading of wastewater treatment plants for nitrogen removal: Industrial application of an automated aeration management based on ORP evolution analysis (1998)

Upgrading conventional wastewater treatment plants for nitrogen removal involves total control of nitrification, denitrification and carbon removal. On low-load activated sludge processes, a comprehensive survey on fast and low kinetic biological reactions has been carried out, which describes the short-term and long-term requirements on the aeration sequences in a single tank. Although soluble and adsorbed pollution have to be treated in routine conditions, soluble pollution treatment becomes a priority during limited overloads, indicated by a slow ORP evolution. The treatment of adsorbed material is hence delayed. In order to implement the appropriate strategy, an automated aeration management system has been developed. This system is based on the analysis of both the real time signal and time evolution of the Redox potential signal. This information is used for command and control purposes. The application of this logic-based approach at full scale has been fruitful in evaluating its adaptability to the industrial environment and its potential results. The operation of seven plants under the control of the automated management system has enabled the nitrogen removal performance to be increased. Most of the nitrification and denitrification yields reach 90%, whereas previous results were far lower and more erratic. In addition, the present work determines limiting conditions for a guaranteed long-term result and a successful upgrading.
Gaze correction in video communication with single camera (2003)

In face-to-face video communication, we commonly use only a single camera placed on top of a monitor screen. This general configuration gives poor eye contact problem to decrease the feeling of natural conversation since the user stares at the monitor screen rather than directly staring at the camera lens. In this paper we present a new approach for natural feeling in video communication using image-based modeling and rendering techniques. Our facial modeling approach has two components. The first component is to estimate the eye position from an input image to find the gaze-correction angle and generate the basic model to represent the user's facial shape. The second component is a model-based shape approximation from motion which generates the user's simple facial shape to be used in rendering. To render a good eye-contact image, we propose 3D mesh warping technique, a method to rotate input image with the correction angle and the facial model. Our approach is effective and convenient since it uses the characteristic information about a facial scene. Preliminary experimental results with real facial image shows the enhanced naturalness which the face-to-face video communication has to offer.
Limitations to Resolving Power in Electronic Imaging (1961)

Publisher Summary This chapter describes limitations to resolving power in electronic imaging. The performance of an electronic imaging system is limited by two system characteristics: the fidelity with which the image is reproduced and the noise present in the information-bearing channel. The ability of the eye to distinguish a pattern in a noisy signal has been investigated for cases in which the noise was assumed to result from the quantum nature of the signal. This chapter deals with methods of specifying and measuring the fidelity of a reproduced image in terms of an appropriate amplitude response factor. The chapter provides a brief overview of the concept of noise equivalent pass band introduced by Schade. A selective amplifier for obtaining a direct measure of the sine wave response factor is described. A quantitative discussion of the manner in which system noise interferes with image resolution is presented. It is emphasized that throughout the discussion only “white” noise is considered. Because other kinds of noise due to amplifier peaking characteristics and fixed pattern fluctuations frequently are present in certain types of system, it is evident that future work should be directed toward the manner in which various other fluctuations limit system performance.
Technical factors influencing sonographic visualization of fetal echogenic intracardiac foci (2000)

We conclude that technical factors influence visualization of EIFs.
Hypodermoclysis: an alternative infusion technique. (2001)

Hypodermoclysis, the subcutaneous infusion of fluids, is a useful and easy hydration technique suitable for mildly to moderately dehydrated adult patients, especially the elderly. The method is considered safe and does not pose any serious complications. The most frequent adverse effect is mild subcutaneous edema that can be treated by local massage or systemic diuretics. Approximately 3 L can be given in a 24-hour period at two separate sites. Common infusion sites are the chest, abdomen, thighs and upper arms. The preferred solution is normal saline, but other solutions, such as half-normal saline, glucose with saline or 5 percent glucose, can also be used. Potassium chloride can be added to the solution bag if needed. Hyaluronidase can also be added to enhance fluid absorption. Hypodermoclysis can be administered at home by family members or a nurse; the technique should be familiar to every family physician.
Holding Juveniles Accountable: Reforming America's "Juvenile Injustice System" (1995)

A series of carbon-based sulfonated solid acid (CS) catalysts can be prepared through a facile method of direct simultaneous carbonization and sulfonation of d-glucose with concentrated sulfuric acid without a hydrothermal process. Temperature is a key factor in obtaining CS catalysts with higher amounts of -SO<sub>3</sub> H acid sites. The transesterification of tributyrin with methanol and the dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymenthylfurfural (5-HMF) are investigated over the CS catalysts. The CS-150 catalyst, which is the CS catalyst prepared at 150 °C, shows much higher catalytic activity to give a tributyrin conversion of 99.4 %. The yield of methyl butyrate is 97.2 % and a remarkably high yield of 5-HMF (93 %) can be obtained efficiently; these yields result from the high acid density of -SO<sub>3</sub> H. Good linearity is displayed between the total acid density and yield of methyl butyrate/5-HMF. The CS-150 catalyst has high stability and good recyclability for the dehydration of fructose.
Evaluación del entrenamiento en habilidades docentes y otros contenidos psicoeducativos en un modelo de FIPS (1997)

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar la validez, desde la perspectiva del alumnado, del modelo de formacion inicial del profesorado de secundaria desarrollado por el equipo de Psicologia Educativa de la Universidad de La Laguna.
Los alumnos recibian una formacion teorica en contenidos psicoeducativos y un entrenamiento en habilidades docentes a traves de Circuito Cerrado de Television (CCTV). Ademas los alumnos se desplazan a los centros para desarrollar la practica real. Finalizada la formacion, los alumnos (N=185) evaluan la temporalizacion mas adecuada para recibir los contenidos psicoeducativos (antes, durante y despues de la experiencia practica) y la satisfaccion y utilidad del entrenamiento en habilidades docentes a traves del CCTV.
Los resultados indican que los alumnos perciben que aquellos contenidos relacionados con cogniciones del profesor (creencias, concepciones educativas, expectativas,...) y con el alumnado, deben impartirse antes de las practicas; mientras que los aspectos mas instruccionales deberian impartirse tanto antes como durante la realizacion de las mismas.
Los alumnos muestran un alto grado de satisfaccion con el taller de habilidades docentes, destacando su utilidad e importancia, hasta el punto de solicitar que se aumente el numero de sesiones de entrenamiento y de proponer que sea obligatorio en su formacion inicial.
La satisfaccion del alumnado con el entrenamiento correlaciona altamente con su grado de aprovechamiento en las sesiones, su interes y esfuerzo personal en ellas y su participacion en dialogos y debates. Ademas, se ha encontrado una alta relacion entre su satisfaccion y distintos aspectos del instructor del taller: competencia profesional, capacidad para conducir el grupo, tipo de relacion con el alumnado y capacidad de organizacion.
X-ray Spectrometry (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewX-ray SpectrometryImre Szalóki, János Osán, and René E. Van GriekenView Author Information Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Debrecen, Bem tér 18/a, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2004, 76, 12, 3445–3470Publication Date (Web):May 8, 2004Publication History Published online8 May 2004Published inissue 1 June 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac0400820https://doi.org/10.1021/ac0400820review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views782Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Elements,Energy,Fluorescence,Materials,X-rays Get e-Alerts
SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND ADVICE AVAILABLE TO UNITED KINGDOM FARMERS: DESCRIPTION AND APPRAISAL (1963)

Summary SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND ADVICE AVAILABLE TO UNITED KINGDOM FARMERS: DESCRIPTION AND APPRAISAL Prior to 1939 the advisory services available to United Kingdom farmers, which were State‐aided, were closely associated with local and regional centres of agricultural education. After the war, a National Agricultural Advisory Service, as a branch of the Ministry of Agriculture, was established in England and Wales, while in Scotland and Northern Ireland the pre‐war system was continued. In addition various mass media, commercial and private sources of information and advice operate. Despite the emphasis and financial resources given to agricultural advisory work relatively little is known of the extent to which they are used, or of their effectiveness as change‐agents. Some data are presented, drawn from surveys in Mid‐Wales and the East Midlands of England. These suggest that the use of specific advisory agencies varies for different kinds of farming innovations, depending upon farmer's experience, and that a high level of information‐seeking is a particular trait, peculiar to some farmers only. Zusammenfassung DIE LANDWIRTSCHAFTLICHEN INFORMATIONS‐ UND BERATUNGSQUELLEN IM VEREINIGTEN KÖNIGREICH: BESCHREIBUNG UND WURDIGUNG Vor 1939 waren die den Landwirten des Vereinigten Königreichs zugänglichen Beratungsdienste, soweit sie vom Staat getragen wurden, eng mit den örtlichen und regionalen landwirtschaftlichen Ausbil‐dungszentren verbunden. Nach dem Krieg wurde für England und Wales ein Nationaler Landwirtschaftlicher Beratungsdienst als Zweig des Landwirtschaftsministeriums eingerichtet, während Schottland und Nord‐Irland das Vorkriegssystem beibehielten. Neben den staatlichen Beratungsinstitutionen stehen den Farmern zahlreiche Massenmedien, kommerzielle und private Beratungs‐ und Informationseinrichtungen zur Verfügung. Trotz des Nachdrucks und der finanziellen Unterstützung, die der landwirtschaftlichen Beratungsarbeit zuteil werden, ist relativ wenig über deren Resonanz und Wirksamkeit bekannt. Die Studie gibt hierzu einige Daten aus Erhebungen in Mid‐Wales und in den Eastmidlands von England. Diese lassen erkennen, daß die Inanspruchnahme der verschiedenen Beratungseinrichtungen und ‐mittel mit der Art des jeweiligen Beratungsanliegens variiert und hierbei weitgehend von der Erfah‐rung der Farmer abhängt. Ein besonders stark ausgeprägtes Infor‐mationsbediirfnis konnte nur bei relativ wenigen Farmern festgestellt werden.
A wearable near-infrared diffuse optical system for monitoring in vivo breast tumor hemodynamics during chemotherapy infusions (2018)

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is increasingly being utilized to reduce tumor burden prior to surgery for breast cancer patients with stage II or higher disease. A pathologic complete response (pCR) to NAC has been correlated with longer 5-year survival and is generally considered as an absence of invasive cancer in the breast and axillary nodes at the time of surgery. Unfortunately, only about 10% of patients achieve pCR during NAC, and it may take months after the first infusion to determine response with methods that rely on anatomic information, such as palpation, mammography, ultrasound, and MRI. Functional imaging technologies such as Positron Emission Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, and more recently, Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy, have shown promise for earlier predictions of therapy response. However, most of these techniques suffer from high expense, lack of portability, and safety issues related to the use of ionizing radiation or exogenous contrast agents. Furthermore, the repeated patient visits required by these techniques may hamper their clinical adoption for this purpose. \n\nThis project aims to develop a new wearable diffuse optical device that can be used to investigate if very early timepoints during a patient’s first chemotherapy infusion are predictive of overall response (pCR versus non-pCR) to NAC. These timepoints correspond to an already scheduled patient visit and have so far been unexplored for their prognostic value. The development of this continuous-wave diffuse optical imaging device was conducted in three stages. First, a prototype rigid probe was designed and developed to test key optical and electrical components. Second, a high optode-density flexible probe was design and fabricated which can conform to the curved surface of the human breast. Finally, a control box with miniaturized electronics and high-speed electronics was designed and fabricated to complete a clinic-ready system. This system was then tested in both the laboratory setting and as part of a normal-volunteer clinical study in healthy subjects during a breath hold hemodynamic challenge.
Scanning resistive probe microscopy: Imaging ferroelectric domains (2004)

We report a resistive probe that detects electric field by field-induced resistance changes in a small resistive region at the apex of the tip and demonstrate a method of imaging ferroelectric domains at high speed, which is named scanning resistive probe microscopy (SRPM). We designed and fabricated the probe by self-aligning process that readily implemented the resistive region at the tip apex. In order to measure the field sensitivity, we contacted the probe with a thermally oxidized silicon sample and detected a 0.3% resistance change per volt applied to the sample. We obtained domain images of freshly cleaved triglycine sulfate (TGS) single crystal by contact mode SRPM. The operating voltage of the probe was 4 V and the scan rate and size were 2 Hz and 40×40 μm2, respectively. We controlled the polarization of Pb(Zr0.4Ti0.6)O3 (PZT) by applying voltage between the resistive tip and the bottom electrode of PZT, and acquired the domain images with the same tip at 2 Hz scan rate. By controlling and detecting the ferroelectric domains without an additional signal modulating system, we verified that the resistive probe could detect the ferroelectric domain at high speed and be used as a read/write head of a probe data storage system.
Major proteins of soybean seeds. Subunit structure of .beta.-conglycinin (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMajor proteins of soybean seeds. Subunit structure of .beta.-conglycininVu Huu ThanhVu Huu ThanhMore by Vu Huu Thanh and Kazuo ShibasakiKazuo ShibasakiMore by Kazuo ShibasakiCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1978, 26, 3, 692–695Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60217a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60217a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views991Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliability Prediction Techniques for Complex Systems (1966)

As electronic systems continue to evolve into more and more complex structures, the search for better and more efficient reliability prediction techniques naturally takes on added momentum. Needed are not only systematic methods of mathematical model building that will simplify the procedures involved but also noncomplex ways of obtaining solutions to many practical problems. This paper illustrates the applicability of transition diagram in describing the state space of a complex system, repairable or nonrepairable, and shows the methodology of writing the set of first-order linear differential equations representing the system performance by inspection of the transition diagram. A discussion of some applicable properties of linear signal-flow graphs is included. Methods of solving problems by inspection techniques are clearly explained and specific examples are given to illustrate the concepts. The mean time Tm for a system to pass for the first time from its initial state to a failed state is usually a statistic of prime interest. Certain properties of Laplace transform are used to illustrate how Tm of a general complex system, repairable or nonrepairable, can be obtained by solving a set of simultaneous algebraic equations. Flow graph techniques of solution by inspection are shown to be a valuable tool in obtaining analytical solutions for Tm of many practical systems.
Model analysis of multi-finger MOSFET layout in ring oscillator design (2011)

Multi-finger transistor layout is widely used in CMOS circuit designs. Comparing with single-finger transistor layout, its main features include effectiveness in reducing circuit physical size and improving device matching. However in CMOS ring oscillator design, considerable performance discrepancies are found between multi-finger transistor layout and single finger transistor layout. Despite such fact, there exists no analysis method that can be used to illustrate oscillator performance differences resulted from these two layout manners. In this paper, an analytic model is developed to characterize multi-finger transistor and single-finger transistor oscillator designs. The specific focuses are on oscillator output frequency and phase noise specifications. For model validation, oscillator circuits are designed using IBM 0.13um CMOS technology and simulated with Cadence Spectre simulator.
Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction of Tributyltin Hydride with Aryl Iodides: Formation of A Tin-Carbon Bond (2000)

Various aryl iodides were coupled with 2 equiv of tributyltin hydride (and/or 1.5 equiv of hexabutylditin) in the presence of potassium acetate and a catalytic amount of PdCl2(PMePh2)2 to afford the corresponding arylstannanes under mild conditions.
Synthesis, Electrochemical and Optical Absorption Properties of New Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) and Perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(benzimidazole) Derivatives (2011)

Abstract A series of perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(dicarboximide) (PBI) and perylene‐3,4:9,10‐bis(benzimidazole) (PTCBI) derivatives that are di‐ or tetra‐substituted at the bay region by electron‐donating or electron‐withdrawing groups have been synthesized as soluble n‐type semiconductors. Optical absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical analysis show that the nature of substitution at the bay region plays a crucial role in the modulation of the electronic properties of these PBI and PTCBI derivatives. Examination of these optical and electrochemical data in the light of energy levels identified by theoretical studies allowed a relationship between the structure and the electronic properties to be established.
EXSMAL: EDI/XML Semi-Automatic Schema Matching ALgorithm (2006)

We describe a schema matching algorithm EXSMAL that automates the semantic correspondence discovery between the EDI (electronic data interchange) messages of various standards (EDIFACT, SWIFT...) by using XML schema as the pivot format. This algorithm takes two schemata of EDI messages as the input, computes the basic similarity between each pair of elements by comparing their textual description and data type. Then, it computes the structural similarity value basing on the structural neighbors of each element (ancestor, sibling, immediate children and leaf elements) with an aggregation function. The basic similarity and structural similarity values are used in the pair wise element similarity computing which is the final similarity value between two elements.
Keeping the elderly covered (1991)

I nfluenza still has significant morbidity and mortality in people over 65 years. The risk factors for death from influenza are age and underlying disease, and it is estimated that two-thirds of the population 65 years and over can be expected to have one or more chronic medical conditions. During influenza epidemics it is estimated that 80 per cent to 90 per cent of excess deaths are attributable to influenza or its complications'.
A slice geometry phantom for cross sectional tomographic imagers (1989)

This investigation presents the design and fabrication of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test phantom for determining slice thickness, slice adjacency, slice offset, and slice angulation. This test phantom is a three-dimensional conic section of MRI image producing material; proper orientation allows analysis in each of the major imaging planes. The phantom design (geometrical configuration) incorporates both theoretical and quantitative methodologies. The necessary mathematical analyses are both simple and rapid. In addition, this phantom has been successfully used to assess the image slice parameters for computed tomography (CT) scanners and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging systems. Slice profile parameter results, full width at half maximum (FWHM), from this phantom design are compared with conventional methods.