gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A case of adrenal tumor producing renin, aldosterone, and sex steroid hormones. (1986)

A 27-year-old woman with an adrenal tumor that produced renin and aldosterone, associated with hypertension and adrenogenital syndrome, is described. Severe hypertension, cardiomegaly, a low serum potassium level, clinical symptoms of adrenogenital syndrome, and a left upper abdominal tumor also were found. Endocrinological studies showed that plasma and urinary levels of sex steroid hormones such as dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, and testosterone were markedly increased. Plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II, and plasma aldosterone levels also were increased markedly, although deoxycorticosterone levels remained within the normal range. The possibility of renovascular hypertension was excluded by angiography of the renal artery and by venous sampling of plasma renin activity. Abnormal elevations in plasma aldosterone levels persisted despite normalization of plasma angiotensin II by converting enzyme inhibitor administration. It was suspected that this patient had an adrenal tumor producing renin as well as sex steroids and aldosterone. Microscopy of the resected tumor revealed that the tumor was composed mostly of cells with large nuclei and light cytoplasm. The tumor contained dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, aldosterone, and renin. Immunohistochemical study showed that some of the tumor cells produced renin. Biopsy of the left renal tissue showed evident atrophy of the juxtaglomerular cells and pronounced arteriosclerosis. After resection of the tumor, all blood and urinary levels of the abnormally increased hormones returned to a normal range and an apparent fall of blood pressure was noted. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a renin and aldosterone-producing adrenal tumor associated with hypertension and adrenogenital syndrome.
Point mutations in the guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from <i>Giardia lamblia</i> modulate pyrophosphate binding and enzyme catalysis (1999)

Guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (GPRTase) from Giardia lamblia , an enzyme required for guanine salvage and necessary for the survival of this parasitic protozoan, has been kinetically characterized. Phosphoribosyltransfer proceeds through an ordered sequential mechanism common to many related purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTases) with α‐D‐5‐phosphoribosyl‐1‐pyrophosphate (PRPP) binding to the enzyme first and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) dissociating last. The enzyme is a highly unique purine PRTase, recognizing only guanine as its purine substrate ( K m = 16.4 µ m ) but not hypoxanthine ( K m > 200 µ m ) nor xanthine (no reaction). It also catalyzes both the forward ( k cat = 76.7 s −1 ) and reverse ( k cat = 5.8·s −1 ) reactions at significantly higher rates than all the other purine PRTases described to date. However, the relative catalytic efficiencies favor the forward reaction, which can be attributed to an unusually high K m for pyrophosphate (PP i ) (323.9 µ m ) in the reverse reaction, comparable only with the high K m for PP i (165.5 µ m ) in Tritrichomonas foetus HGXPRTase‐catalyzed reverse reaction. As the latter case was due to the substitution of threonine for a highly conserved lysine residue in the PP i ‐binding loop [Munagala et al . (1998) Biochemistry 37 , 4045–4051], we identified a corresponding threonine residue in G. lamblia GPRTase at position 70 by sequence alignment, and then generated a T70K mutant of the enzyme. The mutant displays a 6.7‐fold lower K m for PP i with a twofold increase in the K m for PRPP. Further attempts to improve PP i binding led to the construction of a T70K/A72G double mutant, which displays an even lower K m of 7.9 µ m for PP i . However, mutations of the nearby Gly71 to Glu, Arg, or Ala completely inactivate the GPRTase, suggesting the requirement of flexibility in the putative PP i ‐binding loop for enzyme catalysis, which is apparently maintained by the glycine residue. We have thus tentatively identified the PP i ‐binding loop in G. lamblia GPRTase, and attributed the relatively higher catalytic efficiency in the forward reaction to the unusual loop structure for poor PP i binding in the reverse reaction.
Assessment of renal allograft fibrosis by acoustic radiation force impulse quantification - a pilot study (2010)

Chronic allograft nephropathy characterized by interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy is a major cause of renal transplant failure. Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) quantification is a promising noninvasive method for assessing tissue stiffness. We evaluated if the method could reveal renal transplant fibrosis. In a prospective study, 30 adult renal transplant recipients were included. ARFI quantification, given as shear wave velocity (SWV), of the renal cortex was performed by two observers. SWV was compared to grade of fibrosis (0-3) in biopsies. The median SWV was 2.8 m/s (range: 1.6-3.6), 2.6 m/s (range: 1.8-3.5) and 2.5 m/s (range: 1.6-3) for grade 0 (n = 12), 1 (n = 10) and grades 2/3 (n = 8) fibrosis respectively. SWV did not differ significantly in transplants without and with fibrosis (grade 0 vs. grade 1, P = 0.53 and grade 0 vs. grades 2/3, P = 0.11). The mean intraobserver coefficient of variation was 22% for observer 1 and 24% for observer 2. Interobserver agreement, expressed as intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.31 (95% CI: -0.03 to 0.60). This study does not support the use of ARFI quantification to assess low-grade fibrosis in renal transplants. ARFI quantification in its present stage of development has also high intra- and interobserver variation in renal transplants.
Serial Isolates of<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i>from Patients with AIDS Differ in Virulence for Mice (1998)

Serial isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from patients with chronic infection can exhibit minor karyotype changes as a result of chromosome length polymorphism (CLP). This study investigated whether serial C. neoformans isolates with CLP from 4 patients with AIDS exhibited biologic and phenotypic differences. CLP permits the identification of serial isolates in murine mixed infection. The parameters studied were virulence in mice, capsule size, colony morphology, melanization, protease production, MICs of antifungal drugs, and growth rates in vitro. Two parameters of virulence in mice were studied: persistence in tissue and survival time after lethal infection. Serial C. neoformans isolates were shown to differ in ability to persist in vivo, virulence in a murine infection model, in vitro growth rates at 37 degreesC, and capsule size. Melanin and protease production and MICs of antifungal drugs were comparable for serial isolates. These observations suggest microevolution of C. neoformans during human infection. This process may allow the fungal population to change, escape eradication by the immune system, and thus cause chronic infections.
Nanoengineering for solid-state lighting. (2009)

This report summarizes results from a 3-year Laboratory Directed Research and Development project performed in collaboration with researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Our collaborative effort was supported by Sandia's National Institute for Nanoengineering and focused on the study and application of nanoscience and nanoengineering concepts to improve the efficiency of semiconductor light-emitting diodes for solid-state lighting applications. The project explored LED efficiency advances with two primary thrusts: (1) the study of nanoscale InGaN materials properties, particularly nanoscale crystalline defects, and their impact on internal quantum efficiency, and (2) nanoscale engineering of dielectric and metal materials and integration with LED heterostructures for enhanced light extraction efficiency.
BIRTH WEIGHT OF INFANTS WITH SPINA BIFIDA CYSTICA (1980)

The mean birth weight of 189 singleton infants with spina bifida cystica (including 21 with encephalocele) was statistically significantly less than the mean birth weight of 3816 singleton infants without neural tube defects, 0.20 kg less among male infants and 0.24 kg less among female infants. Most, if not all, of this difference in birth weight was due to the spina bifida infants being light for their gestational age. The difference could not be explained by differences in parity or social class.
Ticarcillin/Clavulanate versus Imipenem/Cilistatin for the Treatment of Infections Associated with Gangrenous and Perforated Appendicitis (1999)

The objective of this study was to compare ticarcillin/clavulanate given at 3.1 g every 6 hours with imipenem/cilistatin given at 500 mg every 6 hours for the treatment of infections associated with gangrenous or perforated appendicitis. One hundred thirty-seven patients were found to have gangrenous or perforated appendicitis and received the study medication for 3 to 5 days in a double-blinded, randomized manner. Clinical success was similar for the two treatment groups, 96.9 and 95.9 per cent in the ticarcillin/clavulanate and imipenem/cilistatin groups, respectively (P = 0.99; 95% confidence interval for the difference was -5.6% to 7.6%). Bacteriologic success at the end of therapy was similar in the two groups, 100 and 98.4 per cent in the ticarcillin/clavulanate and imipenem/cilistatin groups, respectively (P = 0.99; 95% confidence interval for the difference was -1.8% to 4.7%). The occurrence of adverse events related to treatment was similar for the two groups (P = 0.31) and led to study withdrawal for four patients (one with ticarcillin/clavulanate and three with imipenem/cilistatin). Ticarcillin/clavulanate given at 3.1 g every 6 hours is as effective and as safe as imipenem/cilistatin given at 500 mg every 6 hours for treatment of gangrenous or perforated appendicitis.
Right Time and Place for IL12: Targeted Delivery Stimulates Immune Therapy (2018)

Systemic IL12 therapy has potent antitumor effects, but clinical delivery of this potent cytokine has been complicated by systemic toxicity. A novel strategy to deliver IL12 to the tumor microenvironment appears promising in a first-in-human study, appearing to stimulate tumor-specific adaptive immune responses with minimal systemic toxicity.<i>See related article by Strauss et al., p. 99</i>.
Spectral Changes of Lignin Peroxidase during Reversible Inactivation (1997)

The heme environment of lignin peroxidase (LiP) has been investigated by electronic absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Native LiP was a pentacoordinate, high-spin ferric iron with a high-spin absorption band at 634 nm and g values at 5.86 and 2.07 in the EPR spectrum. Upon thermal inactivation, calcium ions were released from the enzyme and the Soret absorption decreased and red-shifted about 2 nm, the high-spin absorption band at 634 nm disappeared, and a low-spin absorption band appeared at 532 nm. The EPR spectrum and the temperature dependence of electronic absorption spectra revealed that the heme iron of the thermally inactivated enzyme was a mixture of high- and low-spin states, which was further supported by the changes in the electronic absorption and EPR spectra when cyanide was added to the thermally inactivated enzyme. Addition of various imidazoles or CN- to thermally inactivated enzyme demonstrated that the low-spin heme iron of inactivated enzyme was hexacoordinate with a distal histidine as its sixth ligand, in contrast to the active enzyme, which was pentacoordinate and high-spin. Upon addition of calcium to recover the thermally inactivated LiP, the reactivated enzyme had absorptions at 408, 502, and 634 nm and g values at 5.86 and 2.07 in the EPR spectrum, which demonstrated that the heme iron of the reactivated enzyme was again high-spin and pentacoordinated.
Spatial Audio Reproduction Using Distributed Mode Loudspeakers (2008)

For future telecommunication systems to become more pervasive in society they must have the ability to produce high quality surround sound audio for multiple listeners. Current 5.1 audio systems lack the capacity to handle large group telecommunications because of their limited optimal listening positions ("sweet spots") and their preference for sound generated in front of the listeners. This is due in part to the non-optimal position of the loudspeakers and also to the fact that very directional speakers are commonly used. Recently, a new form of speaker has been developed called a distributed mode loudspeaker (DML). These speakers use bending waves in a panel to radiate sound. Consequently, they can be very good omnidirectional sources throughout nearly all of the human hearing range. Experiments using a higher order ambisonics (HOA) approach to sound field capture and generation will be presented to show how conventional electrodynamic speaker arrays compare to equivalent DML arrays for spatial sound reproduction. This work is funded by NSF Grant IIS-0534221.
888. The action of sulphur monochloride on aromatic hydrocarbons (1961)

Z. S. Ariyan and L. A. Wiles, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 4510 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610004510
The digital physical artefact: A case study for digital engagement in the creative industries (2011)

The draft genome sequence (5,868,741 bp) of a nitrate- and phosphate-removing <i>Bacillus</i> sp., WBUNB009, isolated from a raw sewage canal in nitrate broth (Himedia M439) with a G+C content of 34.9% is reported. It removes 60.23% nitrate and 96% phosphate within 16 h at 37°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses of 6‐ or 8‐Carbon‐Substituted 2‐Oxopurines. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cold hardiness of the overwintering black carpenter ant (1992)

Abstract Cold hardiness was investigated in overwintering field nests of the black carpenter ant Camponotus pennsylvanicus (De Geer) in the Commonwealth of Virginia. No active nest thermoregulation was observed: temperatures of galleries, worker bodies, worker clusters, and larval clusters were within 3°C of ambient temperature. Nest temperatures generally fluctuated less rapidly and severely than did ambient temperature; thus, the nest afforded protection from potentially fatal sudden temperature drops. Glycerol, the only polyol cryoprotectant detected, was found in all castes and larvae. Supercooling points were low and ranged from − 17°C in major workers to −22°C in larvae. A second heat release peak, occurring around − 8°C, was seen in all adults, but it was not observed in larvae. This higher temperature peak in adults probably represents the freezing of the gut contents, as adults were found to overwinter with the crop full or partially full. Larvae did not overwinter with liquid food in the gut.
DMXL2 drives epithelial to mesenchymal transition in hormonal therapy resistant breast cancer through notch hyper-activation (2015)

The acquisition of endocrine therapy resistance in estrogen receptor α (ERα) breast cancer patients represents a major clinical problem. Notch signalling has been extensively linked to breast cancer especially in patients who fail to respond to endocrine therapy. Following activation, Notch intracellular domain is released and enters the nucleus where activates transcription of target genes. The numerous steps that cascade after activation of the receptor complicate using Notch as biomarker. Hence, this warrants the development of reliable indicators of Notch activity. DMXL2 is a novel regulator of Notch signalling not yet investigated in breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that DMXL2 is overexpressed in a subset of endocrine therapy resistant breast cancer cell lines where it promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition through hyper-activation of Notch signalling via V-ATPase dependent acidification. Following DMXL2 depletion or treatment with Bafilomycin A1, both EMT targets and Notch signalling pathway significantly decrease. We show for the first time that DMXL2 protein levels are significantly increased in ERα positive breast cancer patients that progress after endocrine therapy. Finally, we demonstrate that DMXL2 is a transmembrane protein with a potential extra-cellular domain. These findings identify DMXL2 as a novel, functional biomarker for ERα positive breast cancer.
A Toolkit to Assist Researchers to More Efficiently Conduct Experiments Assessing Human State (2017)

For teams to perform effectively, individuals must focus on their own tasks, while simultaneously maintaining awareness of other team members. Researchers studying and attempting to optimize performance of teams as well as individual team members use assessments of behavioral, neurophysiological, and physiological signals that correlate with individual and team performance. However, synchronizing data from multiple sensor devices can be difficult, and building and using models to assess human states of interest can be time-consuming and non-intuitive. To assist researchers, we built an Adaptable Toolkit for the Assessment and Augmentation of Performance by Teams in Real Time (ADAPTER), which provides a framework that flexibly integrates sensors and fuses sensor data to assess performance. ADAPTER flexibly integrates current and emerging sensors; assists researchers in creating and implementing models that support research on performance and the development of augmentation strategies; and enables comprehensive and holistic characterization of team member performance during real-time experimental protocols.
Impact of Climate Change Effects on Contamination of Cereal Grains with Deoxynivalenol (2013)

Climate change is expected to aggravate feed and food safety problems of crops; however, quantitative estimates are scarce. This study aimed to estimate impacts of climate change effects on deoxynivalenol contamination of wheat and maize grown in the Netherlands by 2040. Quantitative modelling was applied, considering both direct effects of changing climate on toxin contamination and indirect effects via shifts in crop phenology. Climate change projections for the IPCC A1B emission scenario were used for the scenario period 2031-2050 relative to the baseline period of 1975-1994. Climatic data from two different global and regional climate model combinations were used. A weather generator was applied for downscaling climate data to local conditions. Crop phenology models and prediction models for DON contamination used, each for winter wheat and grain maize. Results showed that flowering and full maturity of both wheat and maize will advance with future climate. Flowering advanced on average 5 and 11 days for wheat, and 7 and 14 days for maize (two climate model combinations). Full maturity was on average 10 and 17 days earlier for wheat, and 19 and 36 days earlier for maize. On the country level, contamination of wheat with deoxynivalenol decreased slightly, but not significantly. Variability between regions was large, and individual regions showed a significant increase in deoxynivalenol concentrations. For maize, an overall decrease in deoxynivalenol contamination was projected, which was significant for one climate model combination, but not significant for the other one. In general, results disagree with previous reported expectations of increased feed and food safety hazards under climate change. This study illustrated the relevance of using quantitative models to estimate the impacts of climate change effects on food safety, and of considering both direct and indirect effects when assessing climate change impacts on crops and related food safety hazards.
Analysis of Guided Waves Recorded on Permanent Ocean Bottom Cables (2007)

P063 Analysis of Guided Waves Recorded on Permanent Ocean Bottom Cables P.J. Hatchell* (Shell International Exploration & Production BV) P.B. Wills (Shell International Exploration & Production BV) & M. Landro (NTNU) SUMMARY Guided waves propagating in the water layer are observed on data from the permanent OBC cables at Valhall. These waves have large amplitudes and result from post-critical p-wave reflections at the seafloor. Two methods for analyzing these waves are examined: one in terms of the normal mode theory of Press and Ewing and the second in terms of ray theory. It is found that the dispersion relationship predicted
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Acetate‐Mediated Cyclizations of Di‐ and Trifunctional Triarylamines, Diaryl Ethers, and Diaryl Ketones. (1990)

Abstract The compounds (I), (III), (VII) are cyclodehydrogenated to the monocyclized products (II), (IV), (VIII) with Pd(O‐Ac)2 in AcOH.
Agent‐based framework for pre‐contractual evaluation of participants in project‐delivery supply‐chains (2009)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce an agent‐based model for partners' selection in inter‐organizational supply‐chains. Screening activities undertaken by the main contracting organization for the case of large project deliveries and parameters to be considered are identified, a multi‐level quantitative framework to support the decision‐making process in effectively selecting an efficient and a compatible set of partners is proposed. Different agent behaviours are introduced and modelled; their impact on the results of the bidding processes is analysed through a simulation model specifically developed for this purpose. Design/methodology/approach Among the biggest challenges, companies confront with is the finding of appropriate action lines, methods or IT tools to overcome problems introduced by the saturation of the market, fierce competition and downfall of entry‐barriers. The paper uses a paradigm that is seen as one of the most promising in responding to the needs of modern companies: the agent‐based paradigm. Findings Designing an efficient supply network greatly influences the level of uncertainty that a company is encountering. An agent‐based model may efficiently help the inter‐organizational networks partners' selection process. To operate effectively in open environments such as supply chains, agents must be adaptive. System/agents performance can be improved by doing what‐if simulation runs. Research limitations/implications A further possible work direction, considering that nowadays a society must find a compromise between being internationally competitive and having a healthy environment, would be the introduction in the model of a special type of agent, namely the project delivery waste management agent. Practical implications In addition to contributing to the scientific literature, this research also aims at supporting practical business situations in the industry by creating a normative decision‐making model based on an agent‐based approach. The simulation model developed supports the tuning of parameters used in the evaluation process and makes possible analyzing the effect of different agent behaviours. Originality/value Research that identifies means to constrain the pre‐contracting selection problem for specific delivery chains as bridge constructions is needed. The paper details the particularities of such chains, and makes a presentment of roles of actors with impact on the assessment process. One specific of the approach is that in addition to participants as suppliers and main contracting organization also issues (goals) relevant in the supplier's appraisal process are represented by independent agents.
Defensive configuration with game theory (2009)

This paper proposes a new model, based on mainstream game theory for the optimal configuration of services. We consider the case of reliable realtime P2P communications and show how the configuration of security mechanisms can be configured using game theoretical concepts, in which the defendant is played by the management plane having to face adversaries which play the attacker role. Our main contribution lies in proposing a risk assessment framework and deriving optimal strategies - in terms of Nash equilibrium - for both the attacker and the defendant. We consider the specific service of communications in autonomic networks and we show how the optimal configuration can be determined within the proposed framework.