gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Hybrid Systems Based on Large-Area High-Quality Graphene (2012)

The properties of sp² carbon allotropes can be tuned and enriched by their interaction with other materials. The large interface to the outside world in these forms of carbon is ideally suited for combining in an optimal manner several functionalities thanks to this interaction. A wide range of novel materials holding strong promise in energy, optoelectronics, microelectronics, mechanics, or medical applications have been designed accordingly. Graphene, the last representative of this family of sp² carbon materials, has already yielded a wealth of hybrid systems. A new class of these hybrids is emerging, which allows researchers to exploit the properties of truly single-layer graphene. These systems rely on high-quality graphene. In this Account, we describe our recent efforts to develop hybrid systems through various approaches and with various scopes. Depending on the interaction between graphene and molecules, metal clusters, layers, and substrates, either graphene may essentially preserve the electronic properties that make it a unique platform for electronic transport, or new organization and properties in the materials may arise due to the graphene contact at the expense of deep modification of graphene's properties. We prepare our graphene samples by both mechanical exfoliation of graphite and chemical vapor deposition on metals. We use this to study graphene in contact with various species, which either decorate graphene or are intercalated between it and its substrate. We first address the electronic and magnetic properties in systems where graphene is in epitaxy with a metal and discuss the potential to manipulate the properties of both materials, highlighting graphene's role as a protective capping layer in magnetic functional systems. We then present graphene/metal dot hybrids, which can utilize the two-dimensional gas properties of Dirac fermions in graphene. These hybrids allow one to tune the coupling between clusters hosting electronically ordered states such as superconductivity and explore quantum phase transitions controlled by electrostatic back gates. We finally discuss the optical properties of hybrids in which graphene is decorated with optically active molecules. Depending on how close these molecules are to the graphene's electromechanical systems, the interaction of the system with light can be changed. Fields such as spintronics and catalysis could benefit from high-quality graphene based hybrid systems, which have not been fully explored.
Electrochemical Interconversion of Mono-, Bi-, and Tetranuclear (Bipyridyl) Manganese Complexes in Buffered Aqueous Solution (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTElectrochemical Interconversion of Mono-, Bi-, and Tetranuclear (Bipyridyl) Manganese Complexes in Buffered Aqueous SolutionMarie-Noëlle Collomb Dunand-Sauthier, Alain Deronzier, Xavier Pradon, Stéphane Ménage, and Christian PhilouzeView Author Information Laboratoire d'Electrochimie Organique et de Photochimie Rédox, Université Joseph Fourier UMR CNRS 5630, BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Laboratoire d'Etudes Dynamiques de la Structure et de la Sélectivité, Université Joseph Fourier UMR CNRS 5616, BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cédex 9, France Laboratoire de Chimie Inorganique, URA CNRS 420 Institut de Chimie Moléculaire d'Orsay Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay, France Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 13, 3173–3174Publication Date (Web):April 2, 1997Publication History Received2 December 1996Published online2 April 1997Published inissue 1 April 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja964102uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja964102urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Molecules,Oxidation,Redox reactions,Solution chemistry,Transition metals Get e-Alerts
Learning author-topic models from text corpora (2010)

We propose an unsupervised learning technique for extracting information about authors and topics from large text collections. We model documents as if they were generated by a two-stage stochastic process. An author is represented by a probability distribution over topics, and each topic is represented as a probability distribution over words. The probability distribution over topics in a multi-author paper is a mixture of the distributions associated with the authors. The topic-word and author-topic distributions are learned from data in an unsupervised manner using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. We apply the methodology to three large text corpora: 150,000 abstracts from the CiteSeer digital library, 1740 papers from the Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) Conferences, and 121,000 emails from the Enron corporation. We discuss in detail the interpretation of the results discovered by the system including specific topic and author models, ranking of authors by topic and topics by author, parsing of abstracts by topics and authors, and detection of unusual papers by specific authors. Experiments based on perplexity scores for test documents and precision-recall for document retrieval are used to illustrate systematic differences between the proposed author-topic model and a number of alternatives. Extensions to the model, allowing for example, generalizations of the notion of an author, are also briefly discussed.
Response of a Preosteoblastic Cell Line to Cyclic Tensile Stress Conditioning and Growth Factors for Bone Tissue Engineering (2011)

Bone regeneration can be accelerated by utilizing mechanical stress and growth factors (GFs). However, a limited understanding exists regarding the response of preosteoblasts to tensile stress alone or with GFs. We measured cell proliferation and expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) and other bone-related proteins by preosteoblasts following cyclic tensile stress (1%-10% magnitude) alone or in combination with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Tensile stress (3%) with GFs induced greater gene upregulation of osteoprotegerin (3.3 relative fold induction [RFI] compared to sham-treated samples), prostaglandin E synthase 2 (2.1 RFI), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (11.5 RFI), compared with samples treated with stimuli alone or sham-treated samples. The most significant increases in messenger RNA expression occurred with GF addition to either static-cultured or tensile-loaded (1% elongation) cells for the following genes: HSP47 (RFI=2.53), cyclooxygenase-2 (RFI=72.52), bone sialoprotein (RFI=11.56), and TGF-β1 (RFI=8.05). Following 5% strain with GFs, VEGF secretion increased 64% (days 3-6) compared with GF alone and cell proliferation increased 23% compared with the sham-treated group. GF addition increased osteocalcin secretion but decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 significantly (days 3-6). Tensile stress and GFs in combination may enhance bone regeneration by initiating angiogenic and anti-osteoclastic effects and promote cell growth.
The origins of music in auditory scene analysis and the roles of evolution and culture in musical creation (2015)

Whether music was an evolutionary adaptation that conferred survival advantages or a cultural creation has generated much debate. Consistent with an evolutionary hypothesis, music is unique to humans, emerges early in development and is universal across societies. However, the adaptive benefit of music is far from obvious. Music is highly flexible, generative and changes rapidly over time, consistent with a cultural creation hypothesis. In this paper, it is proposed that much of musical pitch and timing structure adapted to preexisting features of auditory processing that evolved for auditory scene analysis (ASA). Thus, music may have emerged initially as a cultural creation made possible by preexisting adaptations for ASA. However, some aspects of music, such as its emotional and social power, may have subsequently proved beneficial for survival and led to adaptations that enhanced musical behaviour. Ontogenetic and phylogenetic evidence is considered in this regard. In particular, enhanced auditory-motor pathways in humans that enable movement entrainment to music and consequent increases in social cohesion, and pathways enabling music to affect reward centres in the brain should be investigated as possible musical adaptations. It is concluded that the origins of music are complex and probably involved exaptation, cultural creation and evolutionary adaptation.
dc and microwave negative differential conductance in GaAs/AlAs superlattices (1990)

Negative differential conductance (NDC) at 300 K in n+-nn+-GaAs/AlAs superlattice structures biased perpendicularly to the layers is demonstrated, and shown to be strongly enhanced at microwave frequencies close to the inverse transit time of electrons. The deduced electron velocities are in fair agreement with those independently determined in undoped superlattices where NDC was inhibited by the electric field nonuniformity. From the analysis of the experimental data, we show that NDC is a bulk superlattice effect, not related to ‘‘quantum defects,’’ e.g., enlarged barriers.
Sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch following artificial insemination in relation to the time of ovulation (2004)

In the present study, sperm distribution in the genital tract of the bitch following artificial insemination (AI) in relation to the time of ovulation was investigated by histology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and flushing. Ten bitches were inseminated intravaginally with 500 x 10(6) spermatozoa: three dogs before ovulation, four dogs during ovulation and three dogs after ovulation. Ovariohysterectomy was performed 24 h after AI. Half of the genital tract was divided into nine segments (cervix, corpus uteri, caudal, middle and cranial uterine horn (UTH), utero-tubal junction (UTJ), isthmus, ampulla and infundibulum), which were processed for histology and SEM. The contralateral UTH and uterine tube (UT) were flushed, and several sperm characteristics were assessed. Histology revealed that the spermatozoa were mainly located in the uterine glands and at the UTJ, while very few spermatozoa were detected in the UT. Insemination during ovulation resulted in higher percentages of glands with spermatozoa in the different parts of the uterus (P < 0.05). Evaluation by SEM showed higher numbers of spermatozoa in several parts of the uterus for bitches inseminated during ovulation (P < 0.05). The mean number of spermatozoa flushed from the UTH and the UT was low. No significant differences in the evaluated sperm quality parameters were found between the flushings of the UTH and the UT. In conclusion, based on our findings, the uterine glands and the UTJ might act as sperm reservoirs in the bitch and sperm transport in the genital tract is affected by the time of AI in relation to ovulation.
Branch migration displacement assay with automated heuristic analysis for discrete DNA length measurement using DNA microarrays (2007)

The analysis of short tandem repeats (STRs) plays an important role in forensic science, human identification, genetic mapping, and disease diagnostics. Traditional STR analysis utilizes gel- or column-based approaches to analyze DNA repeats. Individual STR alleles are separated and distinguished according to fragment length; thus the assay is generally hampered by its low multiplex capacity. However, use of DNA microarray would employ a simple hybridization and detection for field forensics and biology. Here we demonstrate a rapid, highly sensitive method for STR analysis that utilizes DNA microarray technology. We describe two adaptations to accomplish this: the use of competitive hybridization to remove unpaired ssDNA from an array and the use of neural network classification to automate the analysis. The competitive displacement technique mimics the branch migration process that occurs during DNA recombination. Our technique will facilitate the rapid deduction of identity, length, and number of repeats for the multiple STRs in an unknown DNA sample.
Optical tweezers based force measurement system for quantitating binding interactions: system design and application for the study of bacterial adhesion (2004)

An optical force measurement system for quantitating forces in the pN range between micrometer-sized objects has been developed. The system was based upon optical tweezers in combination with a sensitive position detection system and constructed around an inverted microscope. A trapped particle in the focus of the high numerical aperture microscope-objective behaves like an omnidirectional mechanical spring in response to an external force. The particle's displacement from the equilibrium position is therefore a direct measure of the exerted force. A weak probe laser beam, focused directly below the trapping focus, was used for position detection of the trapped particle (a polystyrene bead). The bead and the condenser focus the light to a distinct spot in the far field, monitored by a position sensitive detector. Various calibration procedures were implemented in order to provide absolute force measurements. The system has been used to measure the binding forces between Escherichia coli bacterial adhesins and galabiose-functionalized beads.
Central ghrelin production does not substantially contribute to systemic ghrelin concentrations: a study in two subjects with active acromegaly (2002)

The absence of a central over peripheral ghrelin gradient in these two acromegalics indicated that circulating ghrelin is mainly produced peripherally. Circulating systemic ghrelin levels were not decreased in these two subjects with active acromegaly.
Effects of biaxial stretch on arteriolar function in vitro (2007)

Mounting evidence suggests that the normal biomechanical state of arteries may include a nearly equibiaxial intramural stress and that arteries tend to undergo rapid and dramatic remodeling when perturbed from this normal state. Technical developments since the early 1980s have enabled in vitro (acute) and ex vivo (chronic culture) study of isolated, perfused microvessels, and it is clear that these vessels share many functional similarities with arteries. To date, however, there has been no systematic study of the effects of in-plane biaxial loading on the biomechanical behavior of arterioles. Here we describe a modification to a prior in vitro arterial test system that allowed us to investigate the role of altered axial stretch on the passive, myogenic, and norepinephrine-stimulated biaxial behavior of isolated rat cremaster arterioles. We show that axial stretches from 85% to 110% of values often used in the laboratory and consistent with those normally experienced in situ induce modest changes in the measured mean circumferential and axial stress-stretch behavior and in measures of distensibility and myogenic index. Nevertheless, altered axial stretch has a dramatic effect on the biaxial state of stress, and nearly equibiaxial stresses occur at axial stretches larger than those typically used in isolated arteriole studies. This finding is consistent with estimates of material and functional behavior in arterioles and suggests that long-term ex vivo studies, wherein vessel growth and remodeling are critical, should be performed at higher axial lengths than have been used during most prior in vitro tests.
Observation of blue light emission from Si ion implated fused silica Substrates (2007)

In this paper, Si ions are implanted into fused silica substrates, and the samples are annealed at 1100, 1150, and 1200degC. We demonstrate that blue photoluminescence (PL) spectra having peak wavelengths around 400 nm are generated from the samples in addition to the PL spectrum whose wavelength ranges from red to infrared. The longer-wavelength peak is reduced and only the blue PL peaks are observed from the samples after annealing above 1150degC.
Characterization and Fluorescence of Macrocyclic Polystyrene by Anionic End to End Coupling. Role of Coupling Reagents (2002)

Macrocyclic polystyrene (PS) was synthesized by initiation of styrene by naphthalide anion or benzylic dianions in the presence of Li or K ions followed by reaction of the resulting PS dianions with dibromomethane (DBM) or 1,4-bis(bromomethylbenzene) (DBX) in THF at −78 °C under high dilution conditions. MALDI and NMR studies of the DBM cycles showed the presence of 1,2-diphenyl linkages. Fluorescence studies on the DBM cycles show strongly enhanced and anomalous structured emission bands between 300 and 320 nm attributable to linear chains containing styrenic chain end impurities. This indicates rapid metal bromine exchange to give chain end benzyl bromides that eliminate with polystyryl anion to give small (<1.0%) fractions of styrene type chain end structures. In comparison, the cycles obtained with DBX show only the PS monomer and excimer bands at 285 and 330 nm, respectively, and appear to be substantially free of such side reactions. These DBX coupled cycles show up to a 2-fold enhancement in the monomer fluorescence at low MW compared with matching linear polystyrenes that show essentially no MW dependence. This may be due to the increased rigidity of the cycles as molecular weights decrease and appears to be a general feature for cyclic vinyl aromatic polymers.
Biologic and Immunologic Characteristics of Cold-Adapted Influenza Virus (1969)

Summary Cold variants of influenza virus showed an impaired capacity to reproduce at acid pH (5.7 to 6.3) and elevated temperature (41°C). These features were used as markers to differentiate the cold variant from the original “wild” strain. After eight consecutive passages in mice, the viral strains recovered from the lungs of infected mice could still be identified by these selective markers as the cold variants. They showed no reversion to virulence upon ten consecutive passages in mice and retained their capacity to elicit a good antibody response. Ferrets responded as did mice to infection with the cold variants; the animals showed no evidence of disease and developed good HI antibody response. In addition, ferrets that possessed circulating antibody showed a heightened antibody response after they were reinoculated intranasally with cold variant virus.
3D Generalized Nonhyperbolic Approximation for Relative Geometrical Spreading (2019)

Summary Compensation for geometrical spreading along the ray-path is important in AVO (amplitude versus offset) analysis since it contributes to the seismic amplitude preservation. The P-wave geometrical spreading factor is expressed by the reflection traveltime described by a nonhyperbolic moveout approximation using the traveltime parameters that can be estimated in velocity analysis. We develop a 3D GMA type approximation for the relative geometrical spreading in a homogeneous orthorhombic (ORT) medium. Two type of GMA form approximations are defined by different selection of reference rays. In the numerical examples, we compare our proposed GMA form approximations with other type of approximations in a homogeneous ORT model and show that our GMA type approximations are superior among all approximations.
Space Shuttle contamination measurements from flights STS-1 through STS-4 (1983)

Results of contamination measurements performed on the initial four flights of the Space Shuttle Orbiter are summarized and compared with requirements contained in the Space Shuttle Flight and Ground System Specifications and those formulated by the Contamination Requirements Definition Group. In general, the results of measurements carried out with the induced environment contamination monitor indicate that molecular fluxes, deposition rates, and average counts of particulates are within the requirements and close to predicted values. Among the exceptions, were such special circumstances as water dumps, payload bay door closures, and RCS engine, APU, and flash evaporator operations which led to molecular and particulate contamination levels exceeding the limits. In cases where these circumstances would interfere with sensitive payload operations, careful mission planning to preclude a contamination source by operational limitation should be done to avoid losses.
Selective cationic addition polymerization of 2,4-dimethylene-1,3-dioxolane by a common Lewis acid: synthesis of vinyl ether-pendant polymer under cationic polymerization conditions (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective cationic addition polymerization of 2,4-dimethylene-1,3-dioxolane by a common Lewis acid: synthesis of vinyl ether-pendant polymer under cationic polymerization conditionsTsutomu Yokozawa, Ryoji Hayashi, and Takeshi EndoCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 12, 3313–3314Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00038a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00038a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Voltage dynamics of small integrated AC/DC power systems (2001)

Switch-mode converters are used in small integrated AC/DC power systems to generate desired AC voltage output with adjustable magnitude and frequency for the purpose of power transfer and load control. We develop a DC link dynamic model for voltage stability analysis of a radial power system. We analyse the converter consisting of an uncontrolled diode rectifier and a voltage controlled voltage source inverter. We show that a single DC link system may exhibit more than two power flow solutions. Stability analysis with the consideration of DC link dynamics is conducted on different branches of power flow solutions for feasible and controllable system operating points. The simulation results obtained from a four-bus test system are given. These studies provide us operable and secure system states of the small integrated AC/DC power systems.
<i>Notes</i>: Effectiveness of Using Coif-Lite in Learning the Coif Swing (1962)

(1962). Notes: Effectiveness of Using Coif-Lite in Learning the Coif Swing. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 33, No. 3, pp. 488-491.