gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative synergism of the allylamine SF 86-327 and ketoconazole on epimastigotes and amastigotes of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi (1988)

We have investigated the growth-inhibitory effects of two ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors, the dioxolane imidazole ketoconazole and the allylamine SF 86-327, alone and in combination, on the proliferative stages of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease. Proliferation of epimastigotes in liver infusion-tryptose medium at 28 degrees C was immediately arrested by any of these drugs at greater than or equal to 3 x 10(-5) M; cell lysis occurred 24 h later. Below that concentration, SF 86-327 at concentrations down to 1 x 10(-6) M stopped growth after 48 h. In contrast, ketoconazole slowed cell growth only moderately, but proliferation finally stopped and cell lysis occurred after 120 h at 3 x 10(-6) M. Synergistic effects could be observed when the two drugs were used in combination: the concentration of SF 86-327 required to reduce the cell growth to 25% of controls in 144 h was reduced 33-fold in the presence of 1 x 10(-6) M ketoconazole, which by itself reduced growth only by 30%. Amastigotes, proliferating in Vero cells at 37 degrees C, were much more susceptible to both drugs, but ketoconazole was definitely a more potent antiparasitic agent than the allylamine in this system: whereas the concentration of SF 86-327 required to reduce the number of infected cells to 50% of controls was 1 x 10(-7) M and that required to completely eradicate the parasite was 3 x 10(-6) M, for ketoconazole these concentrations were 1 x 10(-10) M and 1 x 10(-8) M, respectively. Again, strong synergistic effects were observed when the drugs were used in combination: the concentration of SF 86-327 required to reduce the number of infected cells to 50% of controls was 100-fold lower in the presence of 10(-11) M ketoconazole, which by itself had no effects on amastigote proliferation. The parasite was completely eradicated when the drugs were used in combination at concentrations as low as 10(-9) M. Synergy of the antiproliferative effects of the drugs on both froms of the parasite was further demonstrated by concave isobolograms. On the other hand, SF 86-327 at 10(-5) M had no effects on the proliferation of Vero cells, whereas ketoconazole at 10(-7) M reduced the proliferation of these cells by 50%.
High Amplitude, Ultrashort, Longitudinal Strain Solitons in Sapphire (2002)

We demonstrate the development of high-amplitude picosecond strain pulses in a sapphire single crystal into an ultrafast compressional soliton train. For this purpose, large-intensity light pulses were used to excite a metal film, yielding a 2 orders of magnitude higher strain than that achieved in earlier studies. Propagation of the packets is monitored over a distance of several millimeters by means of Brillouin light scattering. A one-parameter model, based on the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers equation, simultaneously explains the observed behavior at all strains and temperatures under study. We predict up to 11 solitons in the train, reaching pressures as high as 40 kbar and 0.5 ps temporal widths.
Epoxidized soybean oil toughened epoxy adhesive (2000)

Abstract Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) has been used to toughen epoxy resin cured with ambient temperature hardener, Tris-2,4,6-(N,N-dimethyl amino methyl) phenol. The ESO was prepolymerized with the amine hardener to obtain the liquid epoxidized soybean rubber (ESR). The ESR modified epoxy networks were evaluated for their thermal, impact and adhesion properties. The epoxy/ESR compositions were systematically varied to study the effect of modifier concentration on the adhesion and impact strength. The optimum properties were obtained at a concentration of 20 wt% ESR. The DSC and DMTA analyses indicate phase separation between the epoxy-rich phase and ESO-rich phase. Keywords: EPOXYEPOXIDIZED SOYBEAN OILTOUGHENING
Restoring Rogers: Video Games, False Association Claims, and the “Explicitly Misleading” Use of Trademarks, 16 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 306 (2017) (2017)

Courts have long struggled with how to balance false association claims brought under the Lanham Act with the protections for speech under the First Amendment. The leading approach is the Rogers test, but this test comes in multiple forms with varying degrees of protection for speech. A substantial portion of the litigation raising this issue now involves video games, a medium that more so than others, likely needs the benefit of a clear rule that protects speech. The original version of the test is the simplest and the one most protective of speech. In 2013, the Ninth Circuit endorsed the original version of the Rogers test in unusually clear terms, yet in the face of conflicting decisions from the court of appeals, the district courts may still mistake the Ninth Circuit’s meaning. The Ninth Circuit may soon have the opportunity to clarify its meaning yet again. This article suggests the court does so, making clear that the original Rogers approach is indeed the law of at least the Ninth Circuit.
A model for numerical simulation of nonstationary sonar reverberation using linear spectral prediction (1983)

An innovative approach to the numerical generation of nonstationery reverberation time series is presented and demonstrated. The computer simulated reverberation time series are of high quality, in that they are accurate representations of those which would result from an actual sonar system (transmit/receive and horizontal/ vertical beampatterns; pulse type, shape, length, and power; frequency and sampling rate), platform (speed and depth), and environment (wind speed and direction, backscattering strengths, and propagation loss). Volume, surface, and/or bottom reverberation as seen by a multiple beam sonar on a moving platform is generated. The approach utilizes recent developments in linear spectral prediction research in which the spectra of stochastic processes are modeled as rational functions and algorithms are used to efficiently compute optimal estimates of coefficients which specify the spectra. A two-fold sequence is formulated; first, the expected reverberation spectra for all beams are predicted and, second, the stochastic time series are generated from the expected spectra. The expected spectra are predicted using a numerical implementation, referred to as the REVSPEC (reverberation spectrum) model, of a general formulation of Faure, Ol'shevskii, and Middleton. Given the spectra, the Levinson-Durbin method is used to solve the Yule-Walker equations of the autoregressive formulation of linear spectral prediction. The numerical implementation of the approach, referred to as the REVSIM (reverberation simulation) model, produces nonstationary coherent multiple-beam reverberation time series. The formulation of the REVSIM model is presented and typical results given. A comparison is made between the simulation outputs of the REVSIM model and those of the REVGEN (reverberation generator) model, a standard well-accepted time series simulation model, to demonstrate the validity of the new approach.
Motion and Depth from Optical Flow (1989)

Passive navigation of mobile robots is one of the challenging goals of machine vision. This note demonstrates the use of optical flow, which encodes the visual information in a sequence of time varying images [1], for the recovery of motion and the understanding of the three dimensional structure of the viewed scene. By using a modified version of an algorithm, which has recently been proposed to compute optical flow, it is possible to obtain dense and accurate estimates of the true ID motion field. Then these estimates are used to recover the angular velocity of the viewed rigid objects. Finally it is shown that, when the camera translation is known, a coarse depth map of the scene can be extracted from the optical flow of real time varying images. The navigation of a robot in any environment requires the knowledge of the motion of the robot relative to the environment, the three dimensional structure of the scene and the motion parameters of the object moving in the scene. These informations can be obtained by using active sensors and/or by passive vision, provided by cameras mounted on the robot. In this note it is shown how passive vision can be used to recover depth when the camera on the robot is translating and angular velocity when the camera looks at rotating objects. The proposed technique first computes the optical from a sequence of time varying images by using a modification of the algorithm recently proposed [2,3]. The angular velocity can be obtained by exploiting mathematical properties of the 2D motion field [5]. Depth is obtained from the computed optical flow, using an equation already proposed by many authors (Horn 1987 , Tommasi personal communication).
Caste, Class, and Clientelism: A Political Economy of Everyday Corruption in Rural North India* (2002)

Abstract: Corruption has reemerged as an important issue in research on geography and development, but there has been little research on the relationship between corruption and class reproduction in rural areas of poorer countries. This article presents insights into how low‐level economic corruption actually works within institutions that are responsible for purchasing sugarcane in rural western Uttar Pradesh, India, and the role of this corruption in perpetuating material inequalities within rural society. The discussion is based on 12 months of intensive field research on the economic and social strategies of a dominant caste of rich farmers in Meerut District, western Uttar Pradesh. In this article, I note periodic rural protest against the government's mismanagement of sugarcane marketing and corruption and describe everyday, disguised, and discrete forms of corruption that allow rich farmers to obtain privileged access to lucrative marketing opportunities. I also show how discourses surrounding corruption are politicized along the lines of caste and class. I conclude by relating my empirical material to debates on local state‐society relations in India. I stress the need to understand corruption with reference to local political economy and the broader distribution of social and economic opportunities in rural society and point to future avenues for geographic research on corruption in the Indian countryside.
The conciliation of collective labour conflicts (2013)

The present article envisages presenting the conciliation as a resolution procedure for the conflicts of interests/collective labour conflicts. The conciliation was stipulated as a resolution procedure for the conflicts of interests/collective labour conflicts even from the first acts that regulated this domain, being foreseen as a mandatory phase within the process of solving this type of conflicts. The subject of conciliation was approached before within the doctrine, from this juridical institution development point of view, the used research methods being the observation and the comparative analysis. The legislator adapted the procedure for the resolution of conflicts of interests/ collective labour conflicts in accordance with the social and economic development of the labour relations and identified other means of resolution, such as the mediation, the arbitrage or the strike, when the conciliation didn’t lead to the end of the conflict. The present paper aims is to realize an assessment over the historical development of the labour conflicts conciliation and to draw up a study on the statistical data concerning these conflicts. The study may be used within the research activity, its contribution being set up by the updated presentation of the statistical data and on the legislation within the field of labour conflicts conciliation.
Suppression of cortisol by a progestational steroid, melengestrol (1975)

Melengestrol, a steroid with progestational activity but with a structure that does not resemble that of cortisol, suppresses plasma cortisol in humans with a potency 1/40th that of dexamethasone. The 6alpha-methyl and 17alpha-acetoxy substituents and the 6,7 double bond of melengestrol acetate are known to slow the metabolism of similar steroids. Insertion of a 6alpha-methyl group markedly increases the glucocorticoid activity of 17alpha-OH-progesterone. The glucocorticoid activity of melengestrol is presumably attributable to the large dose administered in our study, its slow metabolism and limitations of the specificity of glucocorticoid tissue receptors.
3‐D structure‐property relationships in rolltruded polymers. Part I: Mechanical property enhancement in three directions (1989)

Abstract The effect of rolltrusion, a solid state deformation process, on the three dimensional mechanical properties of several polymers has been measured. Polymers studied included isotactic polypropylene (iPP), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and propylene/ethylene block copolymers. It was found that mechanical strength is enhanced triaxially for all these specimens upon rolltrusion. Material stiffness also exhibits 3‐D improvement, depending on the polymer type and processing conditions. These new results are discussed in regard to some structural models in the literature.
Role of CSF-1 in Progression of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2009)

Despite the dismal outcome seen in the majority of epithelial ovarian cancer patients, there is ongoing progress in understanding the disease at a molecular level. Elucidation of pathways underlying disease progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer is key to development of targeted therapeutics. It is only in this way that therapeutic potential can be translated to reality. Here, we describe the evidence to date for the role of CSF-1/c-fms signaling in ovarian cancer invasiveness and metastasis, including the recent understanding of how CSF-1/c-fms expression is regulated with identification of significant post-transcriptional regulators.
Primary structure of the major allergen of yellow mustard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L.) seed, <i>Sin a</i> I (1988)

Sin a I, a 2-S albumin from the seeds of yellow mustard, is herein described as the major allergen of these seeds. This protein is composed of two disulfide-linked polypeptide chains of 39 and 88 amino acids, whose primary structures are reported. The Sin a I allergen is found to be related to other low-molecular-mass albumins, such as those isolated from rapeseed, castor bean and Brazil nut. Additional structural similarity has also been found between the glutamine-rich large chain of Sin a I and a proline-rich zein, a gliadin, and trypsin and alpha-amylase inhibitors isolated from the seeds of several monocotyledons. Internal amino acid sequence similarity has been detected at both termini of the small and large chains of Sin a I and involves the location of proline and glycine residues at similar positions in relation to the processing cleavage sites. Prediction of secondary structure, based on the amino acid sequences of the mature chains of the mustard allergen, indicates that the precursor polypeptide is cleaved at regions showing a high beta-turn probability. This is also observed with the amino acid sequence deduced from the rapeseed napin gene nucleotide sequence.
A Novel Combined Data-Driven Approach for Electricity Theft Detection (2018)

The two-way flow of information and energy is an important feature of the Energy Internet. Data analytics is a powerful tool in the information flow that aims to solve practical problems using data mining techniques. As the problem of electricity thefts via tampering with smart meters continues to increase, the abnormal behaviors of thefts become more diversified and more difficult to detect. Thus, a data analytics method for detecting various types of electricity thefts is required. However, the existing methods either require a labeled dataset or additional system information, which is difficult to obtain in reality or have poor detection accuracy. In this paper, we combine two novel data mining techniques to solve the problem. One technique is the maximum information coefficient (MIC), which can find the correlations between the nontechnical loss and a certain electricity behavior of the consumer. MIC can be used to precisely detect thefts that appear normal in shapes. The other technique is the clustering technique by fast search and find of density peaks (CFSFDP). CFSFDP finds the abnormal users among thousands of load profiles, making it quite suitable for detecting electricity thefts with arbitrary shapes. Next, a framework for combining the advantages of the two techniques is proposed. Numerical experiments on the Irish smart meter dataset are conducted to show the good performance of the combined method.
<title>Reflection, scattering, and polarization from a very rough black surface</title> (1993)

In this paper we study the effects of depolarization and scattering from a rough surface over a large range of wavelengths, additional measurements are reported that have been made on a very rough black anodized aluminum sample.
A review of mammography test objects for the calibration of resolution, contrast, and exposure (1989)

Mandated and voluntary accreditation and quality control programs for mammography require the use of standardized mammography test objects. We evaluated eleven commercially available test objects and three prototype test objects, comparing them with respect to their resolution targets, contrast targets, and the dose they required when imaged by the same automatic exposure meter. Ion chamber and/or thermoluminescent dosimeter measurements of exposure were made with each test object, while attenuation was measured for seven. Measurements of dosage using acrylic (5 test objects) and tissue equivalent epoxy (9 test objects) showed as much as a 400% variation in the radiation supplied by the same automatic exposure device when differences in thicknesses of test objects were normalized. Speck visibility was as dependent on the composition of the specks and of the surrounding material as on the size of the specks. Contrast targets were adequate in only three test objects. Optical density differences between images of a 4-cm-thick breast and of different test object materials, also 4 cm in thickness, exposed to the same radiation, imply that untested acrylic or epoxy resin materials should not used in the calibration of automatic exposure controls.
Wide-band planar monopole antennas (1998)

The circular disc monopole (CDM) antenna has been reported to yield wide-impedance bandwidth. Experiments have been carried out on a CDM that has twice the diameter of the reported disc with similar results. New configurations are proposed such as elliptical (with different ellipticity ratios), square, rectangular, and hexagonal disc monopole antennas. A simple formula is proposed to predict the frequency corresponding to the lower edge of the bandwidth for each of these configurations. The elliptical disc monopole (EDM) with ellipticity ratio of 1.1 yields the maximum bandwidth from 1.21 GHz to more than 13 GHz for voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR)<2.
Induction of IL-1 , IL-6, TNF- , GM-CSF and G-CSF in human macrophages by smooth transparent and smooth opaque colonial variants of Mycobacterium avium (1994)

Both smooth transparent (SmT) and smooth domed-opaque (SmD) colonial variants were obtained from a strain of Mycobacterium avium isolated from a patient with AIDS. The two variants showed similar biochemical characteristics but SmT bacteria proliferated better than SmD bacteria inside human macrophages and were much less capable than the SmD variant of inducing the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF and G-CSF, after incubation for either 3 or 6 days. As cytokines are important extracellular signals for immune cells, the lack of induction observed in SmT-infected macrophages may be one of the pathogenic mechanisms of M. avium.
<scp>SNP</scp>‐based association mapping of the <scp>polled</scp> gene in divergent cattle breeds (2012)

Naturally, hornless cattle are called polled. Although the POLL locus could be assigned to a c. 1.36-Mb interval in the centromeric region of BTA1, the underlying genetic basis for the polled trait is still unknown. Here, an association mapping design was set up to refine the candidate region of the polled trait for subsequent high-throughput sequencing. The case group comprised 101 homozygous polled animals from nine divergent cattle breeds, the majority represented by Galloway, Angus, Fleckvieh and Holstein Friesian. Additionally, this group included some polled individuals of Blonde d'Aquitaine, Charolais, Hereford, Jersey and Limousin breeds. The control group comprised horned Belgian Blue, Fleckvieh, Holstein Friesian and Illyrian Buša cattle. A genome-wide scan using 49,163 SNPs was performed, which revealed one shared homozygous haplotype block consisting of nine neighbouring SNPs in all polled animals. This segment defines a 381-kb interval on BTA1 that we consider to be the most likely location of the POLL mutation. Our results further demonstrate that the polled-associated haplotype is also frequent in horned animals included in this study, and thus the haplotype as such cannot be used for population-wide genetic testing. The actual trait-associated haplotype may be revealed by using higher-density SNP arrays. For the final identification of the causal mutation, we suggest high-throughput sequencing of the entire candidate region, because the identification of functional candidate genes is difficult owing to the lack of a comparable model.
Aggio: A Coupon Safe for Privacy-Preserving Smart Retail Environments (2018)

Researchers and industry experts are looking at how to improve a shopper's experience and a store's revenue by leveraging and integrating technologies at the edges of the network, such as Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, cloud-based systems, and mobile applications. The integration of IoT technology can now be used to improve purchasing incentives through the use of electronic coupons. Research has shown that targeted electronic coupons are the most effective and coupons presented to the shopper when they are near the products capture the most shoppers' dollars. Although it is easy to imagine coupons being broadcast to a shopper's mobile device over a low-power wireless channel, such a solution must be able to advertise many products, target many individual shoppers, and at the same time, provide shoppers with their desired level of privacy. To support this type of IoT-enabled shopping experience, we have designed Aggio, an electronic coupon distribution system that enables the distribution of localized, targeted coupons while supporting user privacy and security. Aggio uses cryptographic mechanisms to not only provide security but also to manage shopper groups e.g., bronze, silver, and gold reward programs) and minimize resource usage, including bandwidth and energy. The novel use of cryptographic management of coupons and groups allows Aggio to reduce bandwidth use, as well as reduce the computing and energy resources needed to process incoming coupons. Through the use of local coupon storage on the shopper's mobile device, the shopper does not need to query the cloud and so does not need to expose all of the details of their shopping decisions. Finally, the use of privacy preserving communication between the shopper's mobile device and the CouponHubs that are distributed throughout the retail environment allows the shopper to expose their location to the store without divulging their location to all other shoppers present in the store.