gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis susceptibility to ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin by using Etest (1996)

Etest (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden) is a precise MIC method and the practical method of choice for the susceptibility testing of many fastidious organisms, including rapidly growing mycobacteria. Methods recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for the susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis include the Bactec (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, Md.) broth and agar proportion methods. A comparison of Etest with the Bactec broth method for testing the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to four first-line antituberculous agents demonstrated equivalent interpretive results for 100% of the isolates tested. Agreements with agar proportion MICs, within +/-2 log2 dilutions, were 90, 93, 100, and 94% for ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampin, and streptomycin, respectively. Etest MICs were easily read within 5 to 10 days of inoculation. Preparation of the inoculum with a turbidity equivalent to a McFarland 3.0 standard prepared from growth on an agar surface and with a broth with a Bactec growth index of > 999 yielded equivalent results. Clinical isolates for which the MICs were reproducible were also identified as possible quality control strains. The Etest method appears to be an alternative method for testing the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis isolates to the four most commonly used therapeutic agents.
Combining polygonal and subdivision surface approaches to modeling urban environments (2004)

The economic production and the interactive rendering of complete reconstructions of populated urban environments are technically difficult tasks. Specialized modelling tools, which exploit knowledge of the types of object being modelled by working in the application domain, can be used to create appealing virtual reconstructions quickly. At the same time, the structural information from the modeller gives valuable hints to the renderer to determine efficient interactive display strategies through the use of level-of-detail and culling techniques. Thus a modeller that knows the operator is creating houses can use this information to simplify the user interaction, guide the operator, and to create models that build in optimisations when attempting real-time rendering. In this paper we discuss the way in which polygonal and multi-resolution surface techniques can complement one another in the modelling of urban environments. We also draw more general conclusions which apply to other software systems that share the same objective.
The Unexpected Course of Several Arbuzov-Michaelis Reactions; An Example of the Nucleophilicity of the Phosphoryl Group<sup>1a</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Unexpected Course of Several Arbuzov-Michaelis Reactions; An Example of the Nucleophilicity of the Phosphoryl Group1aH. James Harwood and Daniel W. Grisley Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 2, 423–426Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01487a043RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views538Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (550 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Present status and outlook of the implantable hearing aid. (1990)

An implantable hearing aid (IHA), in which the direct driving of the stapes by a ceramic vibrator is a fundamental mechanism, was applied to 24 patients with mixed hearing loss of varying degree due to chronic otitis media. The instrument used in the present study was a partial IHA, in which only the vibrator and secondary coil were implanted and the remaining components were packed in a unit to be located behind the auricle. All the patients reported that quality of sound provided by the IHA was natural, clear, and intelligible without causing fatigue with long use. Speech discrimination tests conducted under conditions with background noise demonstrated that speech perception with the partial IHA was superior to that with a conventional hearing aid. These advantages may be ascribed to the direct oscillation of the stapes by the piezoelectric element.
HDL-Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, and the Risk of Stroke in Middle-Aged British Men (2000)

Higher levels of HDL cholesterol were associated with a significant decrease in risk of nonfatal stroke. In contrast, elevated total cholesterol showed a weak positive association with nonfatal strokes. The marked inverse association between HDL cholesterol and stroke seen in hypertensives emphasizes the importance of those modifiable risk factors for stroke known to lower the concentrations of HDL cholesterol.
Human action recognition in smart classroom (2003)

This paper presents a new system for teachers' natural complex action recognition in the smart classroom in order to realize an intelligent cameraman and virtual mouse. First, the system proposes a hybrid human model and employs a 2-order B-spline function to detect the two shoulder joints in the silhouette image to obtain the basic motion features including the elbow angles, motion parameters of the face and two hands. Then, a primitive-based coupled hidden Markov model (PCHMM) is presented for natural context-dependent action recognition. Last, some comparison experiments show that PCHMM is better than the traditional HMM and coupled HMM.
Novel intentional puncturing schemes for finite-length irregular LDPC codes (2011)

In this paper, we investigate rate-compatible (RC) short/ moderate length irregular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and propose three different novel puncturing schemes to determine the preferred puncturing positions so as to achieve less performance degradation. The first one is based on a short cycle counting algorithm as well as grouping variable nodes which have the equal length of short cycles in the Tanner Graph; the second scheme can be seen as an improved version of the first one by means of introducing another metric called Extrinsic Message Degree (EMD); and the last scheme relies on a simulation-based exhaustive search in order to find the best puncturing pattern among several random puncturing patterns. The simulation results show that all three proposed schemes can achieve the rate flexibility and minimize the performance loss over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel.
Mean acquisition time of active-and passive-correlation acquisition systems for spread-spectrum communication systems (1981)

In PN spread-spectrum communication systems, a PN-code generator at the receiver has to track the PN code contained in the received signal. In practical applications, the time necessary for the initial synchronisation (acquisition) of the tracking ioop should be as short as possible. In the paper, formulas are set up for the calculation of the mean acquisition time for two important acquisition procedures, namely the serial-search active-correlation procedure and the matched-filter passive-correlation procedure. Further-more, the application of the formulas is illustrated by calculating the minimum realisable mean acquisition time and the optimum search rate of a serial acquisition system, and the minimum realisable mean acquisition time of a passive-correlation acquisition system.
Antigen-driven clonal proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and selection of B lymphocytes infiltrating human ductal breast carcinomas. (2003)

Infiltration of B lymphocytes into the tumor tissue of breast cancer patients is a common occurrence, but the role of these cells in the immune response to the tumor is unknown. Heavy B-cell infiltration in medullary breast carcinoma is well documented and associated with a more favorable prognosis, implying a positive role for the humoral immune response in elimination of tumor cells. Variable B-cell infiltration has also been detected in infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast, but little is known about the immunoglobulin gene repertoire of these tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and whether they are actively responding to a local stimulus or merely passive bystanders. We have therefore investigated the repertoire of B cells infiltrating four invasive ductal carcinomas. A group of 233 rearranged Ig V(H) genes was amplified, cloned, and sequenced from microdissected foci of infiltrating B cells. B cells within individual foci were polyclonal, and most were highly mutated. Several foci expressed dominant sets of V genes derived from B-cell clones. Some of these were found in more than one lymphoid cluster, indicating that B cells had migrated into the surrounding tissue and seeded new clusters. Analysis of the pattern of mutations in clonally related sets of Ig V genes expressed by tumor-infiltrating B cells shows that these cells are undergoing antigen-driven proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and affinity maturation in situ.
Active Online Domain Adaptation. (2020)

Online machine learning systems need to adapt to domain shifts. Meanwhile, acquiring label at every timestep is expensive. We propose a surprisingly simple algorithm that adaptively balances its regret and its number of label queries in settings where the data streams are from a mixture of hidden domains. For online linear regression with oblivious adversaries, we provide a tight tradeoff that depends on the durations and dimensionalities of the hidden domains. Our algorithm can adaptively deal with interleaving spans of inputs from different domains. We also generalize our results to non-linear regression for hypothesis classes with bounded eluder dimension and adaptive adversaries. Experiments on synthetic and realistic datasets demonstrate that our algorithm achieves lower regret than uniform queries and greedy queries with equal labeling budget.
Scalable templates for specification reuse (2002)

Software reuse should not be limited to only code. Software reuse should be engineered as early as possible in the software development life cycle. The authors address specification reuse by defining templates of specifications and then instantiating them to yield specific specifications. From the perspective of software reuse in the large, reusable templates should be created as scalably as possible. Existing technologies for building reusable templates suffer the problems of scalability. Schemes (generic and parameterized modules) in TUG (Tree Unified with Grammar) facilitate specifiers to build scalable templates hierarchically without replication. Reuse is performed vertically and horizontally. Vertical reuse makes a lower level scheme inherit all features from its upper level scheme. Horizontal reuse makes a scheme reusable within the same level of abstraction. Parametric building and incremental building are two techniques for realizing the vertical and horizontal reuse. They present a scheme for a generalized inventory control system and demonstrate how a generalized inventory control scheme can be reused to model a library system. Finally, the capabilities, strengths, and weaknesses are discussed.
Optimal sound absorbing structures (2017)

Conventional sound absorbing materials have fixed absorption spectra that are adjustable only by varying the sample thickness. The effective absorbers for low frequency sound are usually bulky. Recently acoustic metamaterials have diversified the functionalities of sound manipulation, including sound absorption. However, they are inherently constrained by the narrow frequency band character and hence are somewhat limited in their usefulness. It would therefore be most desirable if a sound absorber can be designed to fit the noise spectrum, with the minimum allowed thickness. Such sound absorbing structures can now be realized through a design recipe that incorporates the causality constraint on the acoustic response. The strategy involves the use of acoustic metamaterials with multiple resonances at calculated frequencies to attain the target absorption spectrum. A crucial parameter of the design is fixed by requiring the resonance mode density to satisfy the causality constraint, in the form of a minimum sample thickness requirement. In this talk I describe this sound absorber design strategy through two examples.
Redox Exchange Induced MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle Enrichment in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Nanowires for Electrochemical Energy Storage (2010)

MnO2 nanoparticle enriched poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanowires are fabricated by simply soaking the PEDOT nanowires in potassium permanganate (KMnO4) solution. The structures of these MnO2 nanoparticle enriched PEDOT nanowires are characterized by SEM and TEM, which show that the MnO2 nanoparticles have uniform sizes and are finely dispersed in the PEDOT matrix. The chemical constituents and bonding of these composite nanowires are characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, which indicate that the formation and dispersion of these MnO2 nanoparticles into the nanoscale pores of the PEDOT nanowires are most likely triggered by the reduction of KMnO4 via the redox exchange of permanganate ions with the functional group on PEDOT. Varying the concentrations of KMnO4 and the reaction time controls the loading amount and size of the MnO2 nanoparticles. Cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge are used to characterize the electrochemical properties of these MnO2 nanoparticle loaded PEDOT nanowires. Due to their extremely high exposed surface area with nanosizes, the pristine MnO2 nanoparticles in these MnO2 nanoparticle enriched PEDOT nanowires show very high specific capacitance (410 F/g) as the supercapacitor electrode materials as well as high Li+ storage capacity (300 mAh/g) as cathode materials of Li ion battery, which boost the energy storage capacity of PEDOT nanowires to 4 times without causing excessive volume expansion in the polymer. The highly conductive and porous PEDOT matrix facilitates fast charge/discharge of the MnO2 nanoparticles and prevents them from agglomerating. These synergic properties enable the MnO2 nanoparticle enriched PEDOT nanowires to be promising electrode materials for supercapacitors and lithium ion batteries.
Optimization of apodized fiber grating filters for WDM systems (2003)

The reflection characteristics of apodized fiber gratings are compared and optimized for WDM system applications. We show the potential of these devices as optical filters for dense WDM systems.
Ultraviolet ZnO Nanorod/P-GaN-Heterostructured Light-Emitting Diodes (2009)

Both i-ZnO and n-ZnO : In nanorod arrays were grown on a p-GaN layer with an anodic alumina membrane template using a vapor cooling condensation method. Electroluminescence emissions were observed from the resulting p-n (p-GaN/n-ZnO : In nanorod array) and p-i-n (p-GaN/i-ZnO nanorod array/n-ZnO : In nanorod array) heterostructured light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The ultraviolet emission peak at 386 nm observed in the p-i-n heterostructured LEDs was attributed to radiative recombination of the near-band edge in the i-ZnO nanorods. Using power-law fitted current-voltage relationships, it was shown that a space-charge-limited current and associated effects occurred in the p-n and p-i-n nanorod heterostructured LEDs.
Three-phase series-buck rectifier with split DC-bus based on the Scott transformer (2008)

In this paper, a new unity power factor isolated three-phase buck rectifier is presented. Based on the Scott transformer, this rectifier is simple and it has the capability to obtain low output voltage. Besides, it protects against short circuit and it needs no auxiliary circuit for inrush current. Using only two active switches, it is able to generate symmetrical currents in the line and output voltage regulated. The modulation is used conventional SPWM. The control has only one voltage control loop. Theoretical analysis, design procedure, complete simulation results with closed loop operation are given, as well as results of an experimental verification.
Projecting the nanoworld: Concepts, results and perspectives of molecular electronics (2004)

A bottom-up approach is a promising alternative to build nanodevices and/or nanomachines starting from molecular building blocks. The idea of molecular electronics comes from a farsighted paper by Aviram and Ratner, predicting that single molecules with a donor–spacer–acceptor structure would have rectifying properties when placed between two electrodes. Today, molecular electronics is emerging as an alternative to Si-nanoelectronics for building integrated devices. This review aims to give an overview of this emerging field, analysing the concepts, the key results and the perspectives.
Extracting patient demographics and personal medical information from online health forums. (2014)

Natural language processing has been successfully leveraged to extract patient information from unstructured clinical text. However the majority of the existing work targets at obtaining a specific category of clinical information through individual efforts. In the midst of the Health 2.0 wave, online health forums increasingly host abundant and diverse health-related information regarding the demographics and medical information of patients who are either actively participating in or passively reported at these forums. The potential categories of such information span a wide spectrum, whose extraction requires a systematic and comprehensive approach beyond the traditional isolated efforts that specialize in harvesting information of single categories. In this paper, we develop a new integrated biomedical NLP pipeline that automatically extracts a comprehensive set of patient demographics and medical information from online health forums. The pipeline can be adopted to construct structured personal health profiles from unstructured user-contributed content on eHealth social media sites. This paper describes key aspects of the pipeline as well as reports experimental results that show the system's satisfactory performance in accomplishing a series of NLP tasks of extracting patient information from online health forums.
The quality of groundwaters in the interfluve Timis-Bega channel downstream of Timisoara - case study commune Peciu Nou. (2011)

Study of groundwater quality assessment refers to the area studied in the interfluve Timis - Bega Canal. The official statistics show that for half of the rur al population, the only source of drinking water are the individual household wells. The case study was carried out on Peciu Nou commune from Timis county.The area is primarily known for the historical pollution caused by nitrates from pig complexes of fo rmer Comtim, which has led to soil and groundwater pollution. Currently the main risk factors for nitrate pollution of groundwater are septic tanks and stables that lead to infiltration with nitrates and ammonia of the groundwater,and another risk factor i s the agricultural activity by applying organic and mineral fertilizers. Soil and water pollution by nitrates became a highly debated issue in recent years especially after the entry into effect of the Nitrates Directive in 1991. Romania, as a member of the European Union must report to the communitarian committees about the nitrate pollution situation that respects the Nitrates Directive for promoting a sustainable and durable agriculture.InRomania the areas vulnerable to nitrate pollution in the last 20 years were based on the natural conditions of soil, terrain, climate and hydrogeology on nitrate transfer to the groundwater bodies and surface water and the nitrogen balance (nitrogen product by animal manure - nitrogen extracted from vegetable culture)at: communes, towns, municipal. The aim was to monitor potential areas vulnerable to nitrates, using predetermined indicators. For evaluating the quality of groundwater in the Peciu Nou commune, several measurements were performed to track the following ind icators:water temperature, depth of groundwater layer, content of nitrogen, ammonia, chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen contents. Together with the measurements and observations about the local conditions were recorded the type wells, distance of wells to th e stables or other potential source of pollution. The paper presents also the environmental conditions in the area studied, and some relations between measured values.
Pediatric Ureteroscopic Management of Intrarenal Calculi (2008)

Ureteroscopy is a safe method for the treatment of intrarenal calculi in the prepubertal population. Our ureteroscopic stone-free rate for intrarenal stones is lower than that reported for ureteral stones. Parents should be informed that additional procedures will likely be required, especially in younger patients and those with stones larger than 6 mm.
Conceptual integration of wireless sensor networks with 3D virtual environments (2010)

Wireless sensor networks and networks of pervasive devices have witnessed a development surge in recent years, being employed into a variety of domains. The purpose of this paper is to exploit the capabilities of such networks, by integrating them with 3D virtual environments into an application aimed to illustrate the emerging potential of the Future Internet. The authors define a novel paradigm for the interaction between users and networks of intelligent objects, a paradigm based on the capabilities of Virtual Reality technologies. As a proof of concept, the authors have developed a building automation application based on the above mentioned technologies.
Effects of dietary lipids on cell proliferation of murine oral mucosa. (2002)

These results corroborate and reaffirm that the patterns of cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of the oral stratified squamous epithelium may be differentially modulated by dietary lipids, and arrested by n-3 fatty acids, as shown in several other cell populations.
Vesicular aceclofenac systems: A comparative study between liposomes and niosomes (2008)

Vesicular delivery systems have been reported to serve as local depot for sustained drug release. Aceclofenac multilamellar liposomes and niosomes were prepared and a comparative study was done between them through evaluation of entrapment efficiency, particle size, shape, differential scanning calorimetry and in vitro drug release. A stability study was carried out by investigating the leakage of aceclofenac and the change in the vesicles particle size when stored at (2-8 degrees C) for 3 months. The anti-inflammatory effect of aceclofenac vesicles was assessed by the rat paw oedema technique. Results showed that the entrapment efficiency and the in vitro release of aceclofenac from the vesicles can be manipulated by varying the cholesterol content, the type of surfactant as well as the type of charge. Niosomes showed better stability than liposomes. Both vesicular systems showed significant sustained anti-inflammatory activity compared to the marketed product, with niosomes being superior to liposomes as manifested by both oedema rate and inhibition rate percentages suggesting their effectiveness as topical anti-inflammatory delivery systems.