gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote Sensing, Installation (2014)

Remote Sensing is an art Installation. It was installed at the Moot Hall in Hexham.\nThis was a solo exhibition and was part of the Short|Sharp event organised by the Neon Arts organisation.\n\nThe work consisted of a projector, audio equipment, and a box designed by the artist, which was constructed from a series of intersecting one-way and two-way mirrors and transparent perspex sections. The film Life/Forms, (Goodfellow, 2014), was projected into the box to create a new fractured and mirrored image, with the appearance of infinite depth and repetition.\n\nGoodfellow also gave an artist talk on 2 November, at the Forum Cinema, Hexham, in which he discussed his work, and how it could be divided into the consideration of things that can be 'known' from solid first-hand experience, and things that could only be perceived remotely through sensation. He described these two categories of enquiry as 'Ground-Truthing' and 'Remote Sensing', respectively; categories of data-capture and surveying traditionally associated with environmental science and geography.
Echocardiography after Acute Myocardial Infarction (1979)

For the past several years there has been considerable interest in the possibility that one can "protect ischemic myocardium."1 , 2 This interest has been stimulated by the realization that in patients arriving at the hospital with acute myocardial infarction, the major determinant of subsequent clinical course is the extent of irreversible myocardial injury. The hypothesis that one can limit the extent of irreversible myocardial cellular damage during myocardial ischemia has led to the development and the application of increasingly sophisticated and sensitive immunologic,3 electrocardiographic,4 enzymatic,5 echocardiographic,6 scintigraphic7 , 8 and radiologic9 means to recognize and at least semiquantitatively estimate the extent of myocardial . . .
Permeability of parietal pleura to liquid and proteins (1994)

The permselectivity of the parietal pleura was determined in spontaneously breathing anesthetized rabbits and dogs. In rabbits, we injected intrapleurally 5 ml of 1-g/dl albumin solution containing 100 microCi of 131I-labeled albumin plus 100 microCi of either lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) or alpha 2-125I-macroglobulin. Dogs received 100 ml of 1-g/dl albumin solution containing 100 microCi of 131I-albumin plus 100 microCi of alpha 2-125I-macroglobulin. A transpleural pressure gradient was set, lowering the intracapsular pressure to -30 cmH2O. The solvent drag reflection coefficients (sigma f) were calculated as the ratio between tracer concentrations in capsular and pleural liquid collected at 60-180 min. In rabbits sigma f was 0.44 +/- 0.2 (SD) for albumin, 0.84 +/- 0.1 for LDH, and 0.93 +/- 0.05 for alpha 2-macroglobulin. In dogs sigma f was 0.30 +/- 0.19 for albumin and 0.53 +/- 0.15 for alpha 2-macroglobulin. The hydraulic conductivity of the parietal pleura was 2.18 +/- 1.54 microliters.h-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2 in rabbits and 1.22 +/- 1.13 microliters.h-1.cmH2O-1.cm-2 in dogs. The parietal pleura could be modeled by two pore populations with radii of 83-89 and 156-222 A. The permeability coefficient averaged 0.08-0.21 x 10(-6) cm/s for albumin, 0.06-0.09 x 10(-6) cm/s for LDH, and 0.01-0.03 x 10(-6) cm/s for alpha 2-macroglobulin.
Interactions of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors with Organic Cation Transporters and Multidrug and Toxic Compound Extrusion Proteins (2011)

The drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) as interacting drugs via transporter inhibition has not been fully assessed. Here, we estimated the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) values for 8 small-molecule TKIs (imatinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, gefitinib, erlotinib, sunitinib, lapatinib, and sorafenib) on [(14)C]metformin transport by human organic cation transporters (OCT), OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3, and multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) proteins, MATE1 and MATE2-K, using human embryonic kidney cells stably expressing these transporters. We then compared the estimated IC(50) values to the maximum clinical concentrations of unbound TKIs in plasma (unbound C(max,sys,p)). Results showed that imatinib, nilotinib, gefitinib, and erlotinib exerted selectively potent inhibitory effects, with unbound C(max,sys,p)/IC(50) values ≥0.1, on MATE1, OCT3, MATE2-K, and OCT1, respectively. In comparison to the common form of OCT1, the OCT1 polymorphism, M420del, was more sensitive to drug inhibition by erlotinib. Major metabolites of several TKIs showed IC(50) values similar to those for unchanged TKIs. Taken together, these findings suggest the potential of clinical transporter-mediated DDIs between specific TKIs and OCTs and MATEs, which may affect the disposition, efficacy, and toxicity of metformin and other drugs that are substrates of these transporters. The study provides the basis for further clinical DDI studies with TKIs.
Superelectrophiles and Their Chemistry (2007)

Preface. 1. General Aspects. 2. Study of Superelectrophiles. 3. Generating Superelectrophiles. 4. Gitonic Geminal Superelectrophiles. 5. Gitonic Vicinal Superelectrophiles. 6. Gitonic 1,3-Superelectrophiles. 7. Distonic Superelectrophiles. 8. Significance and Outlook. Index.
Modified Sauvé-Kapandji Procedure for Disorders of the Distal Radioulnar Joint in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2005)

The modified Sauvé-Kapandji procedure results in rigid fixation of the grafted bone. The technique provides sufficient osseous support of the carpus even in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and poor bone quality in the distal part of the ulna.
Discovering superconductors: A path to new science and higher T c 's (2005)

The search for superconductivity in new and unexpected structures has been ongoing since the initial discovery in Leiden over 9 decades ago. Though the successes are few the rewards are great. Our meeting here today is a direct result of Bednorz and Mueller's discovery of cuprate superconductivity [1]. The questions which have arisen as a result of this single discovery have uncovered inadequacies of theory and stimulated new ways of thinking. Understanding the mechanism(s) of high temperature superconductivity is among the foremost challenges of theoretical and experimental research today [2]. Searching for new superconductors has always been a fruitful research enterprise, and as we see, there are new opportunities for doing so today. For more than 4 decades after the initial discovery there was no microscopic theory (the most outstanding theorists from Heisenberg down tried and failed to come up with a satisfactory theory) and the experimental basis for understanding the underlying mechanisms was inadequate. It must have been a surprise for Kamerlingh Onnes, after taking care to use the purest Hg he could obtain in the investigation that led to the discovery of superconductivity, to find that ordinary solder was also superconducting. In 1932 Meissner discovered barely metallic copper sulfide was superconducting, while high conductivity copper itself was not superconducting. These puzzles and others like it suggested that a comprehensive search for new superconductors might reveal a pattern of occurrence that would reveal clues, and prompted John Hulm and Bernd Matthias, with encouragement from Enrico Fermi [3] in 1951 to undertake a full-scale effort to find new superconductors. This was a propitious time for such an undertaking for a number of reasons. Today parallel reasons exist.
Precision synthesis of macrocyclic giant surfactants tethered with two different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes at distinct ring locations via four consecutive “click” reactions (2014)

Cyclic polymers tethered with two different nanoparticles at distinct ring locations were precisely achieved <italic>via</italic> the multiple sequential “click” strategy.
A Case Study On The Importance Of Compiler And OtherOptimizations For Improving Super-scalar Processor Performance (2000)

The importance of properly optimizing code for execution on super-scalar processors was investigated. Access to the domain specialist was not available during the optimization investigation. For this study of an existing serial FORTRAN application, the use of compiler switches, manual coding techniques, a commercial preprocessor utility (KAP), and a commercial parallelization utility (FORGE) showed the potential to affect execution performance by more than an order of magnitude. The application for the case study was a three-dimensional boundary element code that modeled spherical particle transport phenomena in a particle suspension. Separate experiments were conducted using two different processor platforms: a four node IBM SP (160Mhz POWER2 CPU) and a single node DEC Alpha (667Mhz 21164 CPU). Execution times for the non-optimized, serial base case were 72 hours on a single IBM SP node and 66 hours on the DEC Alpha. Using a combination of compiler switches and manual optimizations, such as in-lining of inefficient subroutines, execution times were reduced to 7.5 hours on a single IBM SP node and 5.4 hours on the DEC Alpha. The use of the KAP pre-processor reduced execution time to 2.3 hours on the single IBM SP node. Using the parallelization software FORGE and four nodes on the IBM SP resulted in an execution time of 25.8 hours without compiler optimization and 3.0 hours using compiler switches for optimization. Applications of High Performance Computing in Engineering VI, C.A. Brebbia, M. Ingber & H. Power (Editors) © 2000 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISBN 1-85312-810-4
Visual Acuity in Premature Infants (2004)

<i>Purpose:</i> To measure grating visual acuity in premature infants and compare it with that in full-term infants. <i>Methods:</i> The visual acuity of 73 premature and 73 full-term infants was tested at 6 months of age by the Teller Acuity Card procedure. All premature infants had undergone indirect funduscopy for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Seven infants had developed ROP. The mean gestational age of the premature infants was 33 ± 1.4 weeks as compared with 39.9 ± 0.9 weeks in the full-term infants. The mean birth weights of the 2 groups were 1,906 ± 412 and 3,244 ± 420 g, respectively. <i>Results:</i> Impaired binocular visual acuity was found in 53.4% of the premature infants, but in only 11% of the full-term infants (p < 0.0001). Impaired monocular visual acuity was found in 13.7% of the premature infants as compared with 2.7% of the full-term infants. Within the premature infant group, monocular visual acuity was impaired in 42.9% of those with ROP and in 10.6% of those without ROP (p = 0.0497). Pathological refraction was found in 33.3% of the prematures without ROP and in 14.3% of the prematures with ROP. This difference was not statistically significant. Visual acuity of preterm infants was not different from full-term infants when examined at 6 months of postconceptual age. <i>Conclusions:</i> Both monocular and binocular visual acuities as measured by the Teller Acuity Cards are worse in premature infants than in full-term infants at the same chronological age. Poor visual acuity in premature infants can be attributed mainly to immaturity of the visual system.
1‐D photonic bandgap resonator antenna (2001)

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical method used to realize a 1‐D photonic bandgap (PBG) resonator antenna. Studies in the frequency and space domain were made to determine the properties of the material. Then a 1‐D PBG resonator antenna was designed, and some characteristics of the antenna were shown as the radiation pattern, the linear, and the circular polarization. The results show that such a device permits us to obtain high gain with a very thin structure. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 312–315, 2001.
Physical Origins of Threshold Voltage Variation Enhancement in Si(110) n/pMOSFETs (2010)

Threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations in scaled (110) n/pMOSFETs are systematically investigated. V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations in (110) nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs with high channel dose are larger than those in (100) nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs, respectively. Physical origins of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variation enhancement in (110) MOSFETs are analyzed on the basis of the substrate impurity concentration dependence of the body effect and S factor variations. It is found that the depletion width variations due to boron ion channeling and the interface trap density variations enhance V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations in boron-doped (110) nMOSFETs and that the interface fixed charge variations enhance V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations in arsenic-doped (110) pMOSFETs. An undoped channel combined with a steep boron profile and moderate phosphorus doping into the surface are desirable to minimize V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> variations in (110) nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs, respectively.
<title>Comparison of text-based methods for detecting duplication in document image databases</title> (1999)

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of several text-based methods for detecting duplication in document image databases using uncorrected OCR output. This task is challenging because of both the wide range of degradations printed documents can suffer, and conflicting interpretations of what it means to be a 'duplicate.' We report results for five sets of experiments exploring various aspects of the problem space. While the techniques studied are generally robust in the face of most types of OCR errors, there are nonetheless important differences which we identify and discuss in detail.
Supply scheduling and usage-based pricing for shared storage in adaptive dynamic islanding (2016)

Customers are affected by power outages due to supply shortage, maintenance and other unexpected events. Utilities are evaluated by the authorities on metrics such as SAIDI and SAIFI that are based on the outages' duration and frequency. During outages, islanding is often used to supply backup power to a subset of the load by using local energy sources such as batteries or micro-generation. Due to the limited capacity of secondary supply, Adaptive Dynamic Islanding is used to dynamically allocate the energy among the customers during outages. Battery characteristics such as lifetime and available capacity depend on the usage patterns. Therefore, when battery is used as the secondary source for islanding, it is important to schedule the supply to satisfy the customer demand and improve reliability metrics while taking into account battery capacity and energy costs. Towards this, we propose a method for optimally scheduling supply from a shared battery among a set of customers during Adaptive Dynamic Islanding. Additionally, we also present a pricing mechanism to bill the customers for their consumption during islanding based on their usage patterns. This helps in avoiding penalizing customers for the usage behaviour of others in the community using the same shared battery. We show experimental results based on real consumption data and battery specifications.
<title>Electron paramagnetic resonance and in situ photosensitivity investigation of the photorefractive polymer BisA-NAS:DEH</title> (1995)

We have observed the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal in the photorefractive polymer BisA-NAS:DEH. The polymer is a mixture of the electro-optic polymer bisphernol A 4,4-nitroaminostilbene (BisA-NAS) with 29% by weight benzaldehyde diphenyl-hydrazone (DEH), a hole transport agent. The EPR signal was observed at 3431.590 G. Illumination of the photorefractive polymer by an Ar<SUP>+</SUP> laser leads to an interesting phenomenon. With an aim to understand the photosensitivity of the photorefractive polymer, we have monitored the changes in the intensity of the EPR line. The measurements were done in situ at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature 77 K. The sample was loaded in an optical transmission cavity to facilitate the use of the laser. When the sample is illuminating with low laser intensity, illumination decreases the EPR signal while for higher laser intensity, the EPR signal grows. We provide a tentative explanation for this phenomenon. Low laser intensity introduces photoconductivity, which reduces the EPR signal, but does not create free radicals. For higher laser intensity, paramagnetic free radicals are formed contributing to the increase of the EPR signal. The relation between observed phenomenon and photosensitivity will be discussed. Also the EPR results at low temperature will be presented.
The predictive role of bone turnover markers for BMD in middle-aged men (2006)

Measurement of bone turnover markers has been proposed as a potentially valuable clinical laboratory aid in osteoporosis risk assessment. These markers may allow quantitative evaluation of rates of bone loss, and thereby identify persons at risk for osteoporosis at an earlier stage. As far as we know, this is the longest longitudinal study on bone turnover markers conducted in adult men. The objectives of this study were to determine whether markers of bone formation (type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide, PINP, and carboxy-terminal propeptide, PICP), and of bone resorption (type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide, ICTP), are predictive of changes in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD over a 5-year period, and to determine the ability of the bone resorption marker urine amino-terminal telopeptide (NTx) to explain the variance in BMD change over the past 5 years in a group of men 35-69 years old. In this group, NTx was the only marker to correlate significantly with BMD changes at the femoral neck (r = -0.21), but not at the spine. The use of the biochemical markers studied to predict change in bone density in adult men in middle-aged years is of very limited value.
Use of The Error Vector Magnitude for low-complex bit loading in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (2011)

This paper deals with the adaptive bit loading of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing. The use of Error Vector Magnitude in greedy algorithm as well as in the particle swarm optimization is discussed. The results are evaluated using the MATLAB simulation. The use of Error Vector Magnitude can avoid the use of complex bit error rate calculation or channel state information measurements.
Functional constraints as algebraic manifolds in a Clifford algebra (1991)

The characterization of the relative position of parts in an assembly can be viewed as a generalized robot kinematics problem in which the set of acceptable assemblies is the workspace of the system. The authors show how the Clifford algebra of projective space provides algebraic manifolds characterizing this allowable movement in an assembly. They examine six basic constraints that represent the mating of cylindrical, spherical, and polyhedral features: pure rotation about a line, pure rotation about a point, pure translation along a line, contact of a point with a plane, contact of a plane with a point, and contact of a line with a line. The authors derive parametric and algebraic formulas for the six primitive functional constraints. To illustrate how this theory gives a geometric form to functional constraints, the hyperboloid that defines the planar peg-in-hole constraint is derived. It is shown that the constraint that two pegs fit into two holes is the intersection of two hyperboloids.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
EXPERIMENTAL GRAFT ARTERIOSCLEROSIS II. IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF LESION DEVELOPMENT (1993)

The development of progressive graft arteriosclerosis causes the majority of late deaths occurring in cardiac transplant recipients. The pathogenesis of this process remains unclear. In order to characterize the cellular composition of lesions progressively, we employed a model of graft arteriosclerosis in the rat involving untreated heterotopic cardiac allografts transplanted across minor histocompatibility barriers. Immunocytochemical studies were performed on arterial lesions in allografts removed at 15, 45, 75, and 120 days posttransplantation, using monoclonal antibodies specific for smooth muscle cells (HHF35, CGA7), monocytes/macrophages (ED1), T cells (W313), and endothelial cells (anti-vWf). We found areas of coronary intimal thickening demonstrated marked cellular heterogeneity. The earliest lesions involved the adherence of monocytes and T cells to the coronary endothelial surface. At later time points, we noted marked subendothelial accumulations of macrophages and occasional T cells in areas of intimal thickening. In contrast, smooth muscle cells were the major cell type identified in intimal lesions in 120-day-old allografts. Intimal macrophages are frequently seen in spontaneous human arteriosclerotic lesions; our findings suggest that macrophages, perhaps interacting with T cells, play an important role in the pathogenesis of graft arteriosclerosis.
BIST-BASED Group Testing for Diagnosis of Embedded FPGA Cores. (2008)

Abstract — A group testing-based BIST technique to identify faulty hard cores in FPGA devices is presented. The method provides for isolation of faults in embedded cores as demonstrated by experiments on the Virtex-5 family of Xilinx FPGAs. High-level HDL code is developed to instantiate a Finite State Machine (FSM) which generates the test inputs for the Blocks Under Test (BUTs). The BUTs are divided into groups of four and at the end of a single stage of testing, up to 2 faulty BUTs are isolated successfully in each group of four. Experiments conducted show efficient fault isolation with a maximum of 30 % area overhead under testing conditions. Isolation of faulty DSP cores is rapidly achieved without any permanent area cost. The approach can be readily extended to other embedded cores such as Block RAMs and Multipliers, thus providing a fast, efficient technique for testing prior to System On a Programmable Chip implementation on state of the art SRAM FPGAs.
MULTIPLE RECURRENT BRANCH RETINAL ARTERY OCCLUSIONS ASSOCIATED WITH VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS (1996)

Varicella zoster virus can be associated with the syndrome of multiple recurrent BRAOs. The diagnosis of VZV-associated BRAO can be established by PCR of intraocular fluid.
Off-diagonal occupation numbers in local-density theory (1982)

We introduce a new method for specifying the occupations of states in local-density theory by allowing "off-diagonal occupation numbers" (i.e., a generalized density matrix). We show that this technique has important applications to superlattice and slab geometries, allowing bonding-type interactions between defects, molecules, or surfaces to be effectively eliminated. Moreover, previously inaccessible charge states may now be studied. The method is shown to have the full sanction of local-density theory.
Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by pH and Temperature Changes and by Formaldehyde (1957)

Summary1) Rates of inactivation of tissue-culture-derived, foot-and-mouth disease virus, type A, strain 119 (FMDV–A119), at various pH levels and temperatures and by formaldehyde were determined. R...