gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superior Sternal Cleft: Construction with a Titanium Plate (1998)

Sternal cleft is a rare congenital deformity, with a superior cleft being the most common. Although sternal clefting is known to be associated with vascular dysplasia, to our knowledge, we report the first case of superior sternal cleft with cervicofacial hemangiomata and cardiac defects in the absence of true ectopia cordis in a neonate. Early surgery in all cases of sternal clefting is advocated, preferably within the first 4 weeks of life. However, if the child is unfit for operation at this stage, repair should be carried out as soon as the child is stable and fit. The method of choice is primary approximation with the intraoperative precaution of confirming cardiorespiratory stability. We suggest reinforcing the primary approximation with a titanium plate to achieve rigid internal fixation and to reduce the tension at the approximation site. Because titanium osseointegrates well, this procedure results in a solid bony sternum.
Exchange decoupling of grains in polycrystalline CoPt alloy films (abstract) (1997)

Thin films of CoPt alloys in the thickness range of 5–50 nm were investigated using magnetic and nanostructural characterization methods. These compounds are suitable candidates for magnetic and magneto-optic recording applications due to their excellent perpendicular anisotropy and stability of very small magnetic domains in the nanometer regime. We have intensively studied the influence of thermal treatment on the magnetic behavior as well as on the nanostructure of the alloy films. The films were prepared under UHV conditions at elevated substrate temperature. X-ray measurements reveal a preferential fcc (111) texture with very small dispersion of the c axes. From scanning tunneling microscopy studies a typical grain size of the order of 10–20 nm was determined. The as-grown films exhibit only little surface roughness. MOKE measurements and domain visualization by means of Kerr microscopy reveal an almost perfect perpendicular magnetic orientation.
Field Assay to Determine Attractiveness of Various Aromatic Compounds to Rose Chafer Adult12 (1982)

Journal Article Field Assay to Determine Attractiveness of Various Aromatic Compounds to Rose Chafer Adult Get access Roger N. Williams, Roger N. Williams Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karl V. Miller Karl V. Miller Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio 44691 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 75, Issue 2, 1 April 1982, Pages 196–198, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/75.2.196 Published: 01 April 1982 Article history Received: 27 February 1981 Published: 01 April 1982
Linewidth control in projection lithography using a multilayer resist process (1981)

Linewidth control using a tri-layer resist system on wafers with topography is investigated. An absorbing dye is incorporated in the bottom layer to improve the usable resolution. Resist patterns of 1-µm lines and spaces over aluminized topography are demonstrated using a projection aligner. The advantages of a multilayer system are investigated using an exposure and development simulation program for optical lithography. The relative contributions of planarization and reflection suppression are discussed.
Self-reference and the encoding of personal information. (1977)

Seamless convergence of fiber-optic and the wireless networks is of great interest for enabling transparent delivery of broadband services to users in different locations, including both metropolitan and rural areas. Current demand of bandwidth by end-users, especially using mobile devices, is seeding the need to use bands located at the millimeter-wave region (30-300 GHz), mainly because of its inherent broadband nature. In our lab, we have conducted extensive research on high-speed photonic-wireless links in the V-band (50-75GHz) and the W-band (75-110GHz). In this paper, we will present our latest findings and experimental results on the W-band, specifically on its 81-86GHz sub-band. These include photonic generation of millimeter-wave carriers and transmission performance of broadband signals on different types of fibers and span lengths. Seamless convergence of fiber-optic and the wireless networks is of great interest for enabling transparent delivery of broadband services to users in different locations, including both metropolitan and rural areas. Current demand of bandwidth by end-users, especially using mobile devices, is seeding the need to use bands located at the millimeter-wave region (30-300 GHz), mainly because of its inherent broadband nature. In our lab, we have conducted extensive research on high-speed photonic-wireless links in the V-band (50-75GHz) and the W-band (75-110GHz). In this paper, we will present our latest findings and experimental results on the W-band, specifically on its 81-86GHz sub-band. These include photonic generation of millimeter-wave carriers and transmission performance of broadband signals on different types of fibers and span lengths.
Development of a 90% Hydrogen Peroxide Mono-Propellant Propulsion System for the Warm Gas Test Article (2012)

In late 2009, Dynetics was asked to develop a propulsion system for a test article designed to mimic a pulsing descent profile on an airless body. The propulsion system was required to maximize flight time while using readily available, non-toxic propellant. A trade study considered various constraints and requirements and recommended 90% hydrogen peroxide as the propellant. After extensive research on the safe handling and operation of the propellant, Dynetics developed, tested, and delivered a hydrogen peroxide propulsion system in under a year. Engineering highlights include the development and testing of 21 thrusters in five different thrust classes, the manufacture and testing of 22 custom-made, peroxidecompatible solenoid valves, and modification of a throttle valve typically used on personal rocket belts with over 40 years of heritage. The propulsion system was installed into the Warm Gas Test Article late 2010, and as of early summer 2012 has successfully completed numerous test flights.
[Clinicopathological studies of the vegetative state--distinction between the vegetative state and brain death]. (1976)

10 cases showing vegetative state and 2 cases of brain death due to severe brain damage were observed and the differences of clinicopathological findings between both states were discussed. The cases of vegetative state can be divided into three groups, first is widespread lesion in the cerebral cortex, second is in the cerebral white matter and third is in the brain stem. While, the diffuse whole brain damage including the vegetative center of the central nervous system causes brain death. We should like to emphasize that the most important structure to maintain the human life is the vital center in the brain stem, and that a human being, in whom only those function can be preserved, is possible to be alive as vegetative state. Prognostic value of the EEG indicating quality of survival noted in early stage after severe brain damage has not so important as the flat EEG revealed in brain death.
DEMONSTRATION OF THE GYPSY MOTH ENERGY BUDGET MICROCLIMATE MODEL (1991)

The use of a User friendly version of GMMICRO model to quantify the local environment and resulting core temperature of GM larvae under different conditions of canopy defoliation, different forest sites, and different weather conditions was demonstrated. The model is a steady-state, one dimensional, numerical simulation of hardwood forest canopy and sub-canopy microclimate which was developed to examine some insect-host-environment interactions. The microclimate sub-model calculates radiation, leaf and air temperatures, and vapor pressure profiles. Soil and litter temperatures are calculated by the force-restore method. Caterpillar temperatures at each layer and for two contrasting resting positions are calculated with a four term energy budget equation. As the canopy undergoes defoliation by the insect, the model calculates the projected changes in microclimate. In the PC version demonstrated here, the user can easily input various sites (slope, aspect, latitude), forest canopies, weather conditions, insect instars and time of the day. Therefore, comparisons of various conditions can be made and the effects of changes in these variables on the microclimate and larvae temperature at various locations in the forest frmn the top of the canopy to beneath the litter can quantified. The model can similarly be used to examine the physical environment of predators and parasites. Researchers in these areas are encouraged to try using the model.
Energetics and kinetics of phase transition between a 2H and a 1T MoS<sub>2</sub>monolayer—a theoretical study (2017)

Phase transitions between semiconducting 2H and metallic 1T (or 1T') molybdenum disulphides (MoS<sub>2</sub>) are explored comprehensively by first-principles calculations. The nucleation of a 1T (or 1T') nucleus in a 2H MoS<sub>2</sub> lattice, the formation of the 2H-1T (1T') interfaces and the kinetics of interface propagation during phase transition were thoroughly investigated in this study. It was found that, among various potential interface structures between the two phases, Mo-rich and two S-rich zigzag (ZZ) boundaries are energetically more preferable than others. Therefore, triangular or hexagonal 1T MoS<sub>2</sub> domains with the three types of ZZ boundaries are expected to be the equilibrium structures of the 1T nucleus in a 2H lattice. Further exploration reveals a very high nucleation energy of the 1T phase which suggests that the nucleation may start from a defect site or the edge of the 2H phase. Besides, the kinetics of 2H-1T (1T') boundary propagation show that the growth rate of the ZZ boundaries is significantly slower than the armchair (AC) ones'. Therefore, the ZZ-boundary dominated domains are expected to be observed during the growth of the 1T phase while the rounded domains with various high-index edges are expected to be seen throughout shrinkage. This study reveals both the energetics and the kinetics of the phase transition of transition metal dichalcogenide materials and also sheds light on other 2D materials.
The Digital Sabbath and Digital Distraction. (2019)

Upheavals in social media and communications are overturning education, at the same time, a group of art education graduates and their artist lecturers are using creative research to disrupt this turn by visualising the practice of Digital Sabbath. The Digital Sabbath practice aimed to explore the feasibility of switching off from technology and the impact of this practice on the participants, and those around them. The Digital Sabbath and Digital Distraction exhibition results from a creative arts research project involving graduate art teachers and art education lecturers who communicate well visually. The project followed the experiences of nine participants (including the researchers) as they gave up access to digital technologies for a day a week over a three-month period, a practice known as Digital Sabbath (DS). The participants’ narratives (artefacts, journals and interviews) formed the stimulus for visualisations of the Digital Sabbath experience after a pre-intervention survey. Each researcher developed a series of works with participants, documenting the nature of their experiences and affective responses to the process. The researchers are creating a large collaborative piece that documents general themes from the project experience. The artworks produced for this research aim to communicate the findings of the research with a broader audience, and to incite discussion around our use of technology and its effect on our lives. For many participants, the practice was incredibly difficult and small interactions with technology were often discussed as ‘necessary’. Most participants discussed their use of technology, and in particular social media, as an addiction.
Efficient algorithms for finding maximum matching in graphs (1986)

This paper surveys the techniques used for designing the most efficient algorithms for finding a maximum cardinality or weighted matching in (general or bipartite) graphs. It also lists some open problems concerning possible improvements in existing algorithms and the existence of fast parallel algorithms for these problems.
Solvates, Salts, and Cocrystals: A Proposal for a Feasible Classification System (2016)

The design of pharmaceutical cocrystals has initiated widespread debate on the classification of cocrystals. Current attempts to classify multicomponent crystals suffer from ambiguity, which has led to inconsistent definitions for cocrystals and for multicomponent crystals in general. Inspired by the work of Aitipamula et al. (Cryst. Growth Des. 2012, 12, 2147–2152), we present a feasible classification system for all multicomponent crystals. The present classification enables us to analyze and classify multicomponent crystal structures present in the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). This reveals that all seven classes proposed are relevant in terms of frequency of occurrence. Lists of CSD refcodes for all classes are provided. We identified over 5000 cocrystals in the CSD, as well as over 12 000 crystals with more than two components. This illustrates that the possibilities for alternative drug formulations can be increased significantly by considering more than two components in drug design.
Short interfering RNA therapeutics: nanocarriers, prospects and limitations (2015)

Since the first experiment depicting gene inhibition using RNA interference mechanism, extensive research has been carried out to design targeted delivery systems that use short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) for gene expression regulation. Although several siRNAs loaded nanoparticle systems have reached clinical trial stage, cellular uptake, reticuloendothelial entrapment and endosomal escape still limit the efficacy of these drugs considerably. This review discusses about the RNA interference mechanism, nanostructures being used as non-viral vectors for targeted delivery, limitations of the common delivery systems and the current siRNA-loaded nanoparticle formulations undergoing clinical testing.
Peer-to-Peer Lending: An Empirical Study (2009)

Online peer-to-peer (P2P) lending, where individual investors provide unsecured loans directly to individual borrowers without the intermediation of banks, has experienced rapid growth in recent years. One of its defining features is the presence of social networks, which could provide important credit information about borrowers. Drawing on the literature in finance and social networks, I study whether and how network metrics affect the outcome of financial transaction in this market, and whether such credit-worthiness is supported ex post through loan performance data. Results show that relational aspects of the online social network help mitigate information asymmetry in the lending process, and that a critical success factor of the industry is to better reveal and utilize the soft credit information embedded in social networks.
Architecture of attractor neural networks performing cognitive fast scanning (1990)

The salient features of the findings of high-speed scanning experiments of the Sternberg type and several attempts to account for them are reviewed, as well as the challenge implied by these findings for the general approach of attractor neural networks (ANNS).We formulate a detailed, biologically flavoured, neural network, composed of three sub-networks: one preserving the test stimulus (probe), one encoding the memory set, and one encoding decision elements. Each network is a fully fed-back ANN, and serves basically to classify its inputs into classes of those inputs that lead quickly to attractors, i.e. states in which a well defined set of neurons emits bursts of spikes, and those inputs which do not. The other role of the ANN is to be able to preserve the results of the classifications for extended times. The networks communicate between themselves only when they arrive at attractors, i.e. only bursts are communicated between sub-networks. The conceptual division of the single network into sub-networks, despite the fact that the density of connections is uniform, is made possible at boundaries where the connectivity changes from full feed-back to essentially feed-forward.The central network rehearses the memory set, on every presentation of a probe, as an ordered temporal sequence of attractors. The rehearsal is on a subliminal timescale of tens of milliseconds. If during the rehearsal the sequence goes through an attractor which is very similar to the probe, the third network records this fact in an attractor of its own, but the final reaction is conditioned on the completion of the rehearsal, which provokes the decision (logical) network into a final attractor implying either positive or negative response. Only attractors are considered meaningful events in the various component networks.In the process of construction we confront the problem of recognition, as opposed to recall, in an ANN. This brings out an essential role that the nonlinear operation of inhibitory synapses may have in making the comparison of attractors in different networks.The network is constructed, subject to two main constraints: the exclusive role of attractors (bursts) and the absence of grossly implausible synaptic connectivity. The construction ensures that the network exhibits the main characteristics of the experiments. The robustness of its performance is analysed and simulated. Finally, given the detailed construction of the network, of biological flavour, we speculate on the effects of possible variations in the building blocks and suggest some new experiments which its structure implies.
THE 1998 HELENE HUDSON MEMORIAL LECTURE: It takes chutzpah: Oncology nurse leaders (1999)

Chutzpah, according to the Oxford Dictionary of Current English (1996) is a slang term from the Yiddish language which means shameless audacity. Chutzpah has been used to identify people with courage who take on situations that others avoid and somehow achieve the impossible. Tim Porter-O'Grady (1997) recently wrote that management is dead, and has been replaced by process leadership. Health care organizations have made shifts from hierarchical structures to process or program models where people have dual/multiple reporting/communication relationship. In this new orientation, management functions of controlling, directing, organizing and disciplining are replaced by process leadership functions of coordinating, facilitating, linking and sustaining (Porter O'Grady, 1997). Herein lies the challenge for oncology nurse leaders: "what lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us" (Ralph Waldo Emerson). Leadership is not a function of job title. The evidence for this is clear in current practice.... There are no/few positions of nurse leaders. Titles have changed to eliminate the professional discipline, and reflect a non-descript orientation. The new titles are process leaders, program leaders, professional practice leaders. Nurse leaders need new points of reference to take in the challenges of influencing, facilitating and linking. Those points of reference are: principle-centered leadership, integrity and chutzpah. This presentation will focus on examining current thinking, defining key characteristics and attributes, and using scenarios to illustrate the impact of leadership. We, as leaders in oncology nursing, must use chutzpah to make positive change and long-term gains for patient care and the profession of nursing.
A History of Islamic Law. By N. J. Coulson. [Edinburgh: Edinburgh U.P.1964. viii and 264 pp. 21s.] (1965)

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Physiology: A mathematical model of follicle dynamics in the human ovary (1995)

A mathematical model has been developed to describe the rates of growth and death of follicles in human ovaries between 19 and 50 years of age. It was based on the numbers of follicles at three successive stages of development, which were obtained by counting follicles in histological sections of ovaries from 52 normal women. The model indicated that follicle dynamics were age dependent, with a transition at 38 years of age when the rate of follicle disappearance increased. The rates of follicle growth increased at successive stages but did not change with age. The annual egress from stage III (consisting of follicles with two or more granulosa cell layers) was affected by the declining numbers of small follicles, and corresponded to 31, nine and one follicles per day at 29-30, 39-40 and 49-50 years of age respectively. The rate of death at stage I (representing small, resting follicles) was the only parameter which varied significantly with age: no evidence of significant atresia was found for this stage in ovaries < or = 38 years old, but there was significant death above this age. As a consequence, only 40% of follicles leaving stage I reached stage III in older ovaries and just 1500 follicles in toto remained at 50 years of age from the 300,000 present at 19 years. This high death rate of small follicles appears to be responsible for advancing the timing of ovarian failure, and therefore of menopause, to midlife in our species.
Remembering and representing prose: Quoted speech as a data source (1989)

Experiments involving memory for prose have shown that subjects remember meaning better than form and that memory for prose is better in natural environments than in the laboratory. In even the most favorable circumstances, however, verbatim recall is faulty. Words that are not tightly integrated into the clause are remembered less well than those that are not, e.g., hedges and intensifiers, conjunctions, and modifiers. The data have implications for a language of thought.
Laser Excitation of Microwave Sound (1970)

Ruby lasers can be used for exciting microwave sound in the bulk or from the surface of a crystal, by the mixing of two longitudinal modes separated by a frequency Ω in the gigacycle region. Different mechanisms can be involved; electrostrictive mixing occurs in the bulk, as mentioned by D. E. Caddes (thesis, Stanford University). Pressure of radiation and electrostriction are involved for surface excitation, with lower efficiency. Surface heating does occur even in the case of uncoated dielectrics, being related to surface damage. Our experiments were performed in lithium niobate crystals, where birefringence can be used for forward Brillouin scattering: at 810 MHz, with longitudinal sound in an X-cut crystal; at 480 MHz, with shear sound in a Y-cut crystal. We generated about 0.5 mW/mm2 of sound in the bulk of the crystal. We could not detect pressure of radiation effects, which were rapidly overcome by surface heating effects, producing up to 2 mW/mm2 of longitudinal sound in 20-nsec pulses.
A review of the limitations of the first hydrogel contact lenses (2009)

Problems associated with the Czechoslovakian lenses included packaging and an initial failure to require daily disinfection. Few complications of lens wear were reported, probably due to the comparatively small number of patients fitted and the limited wearing time that they achieved. Delayed disclosure of lens dimensions handicapped the development of a fitting technique. An acceptable visual acuity was attained in selected cases, while reduced acuity may sometimes have been due to uncorrected astigmatism or to poor lens quality. The most serious disadvantage was the very low oxygen transmissibility that could result in marked corneal oedema.