gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An artificial neural network approach to the classification of galaxy spectra (1996)

We present a method for automated classification of galaxies with low signal-to-noise (S/N) spectra typical of redshift surveys. We develop spectral simulations based on the parameters for the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, and with these simulations we investigate the technique of Principal Component Analysis when applied specifically to spectra of low S/N. We relate the objective principal components to features in the spectra and use a small number of components to successfully reconstruct the underlying signal from the low quality spectra. Using the principal components as input, we train an Artificial Neural Network to classify the noisy simulated spectra into morphological classes, revealing the success of the classification against the observed $b_{\\rm J}$ magnitude of the source, which we compare with alternative methods of classification. We find that more than 90\\% of our sample of normal galaxies are correctly classified into one of five broad morphological classes for simulations at $b_{\\rm J}$=19.7. By dividing the data into separate sets we show that a classification onto the Hubble sequence is only relevant for normal galaxies and that spectra with unusual features should be incorporated into a classification scheme based predominantly on their spectral signatures. We discuss how an Artificial Neural Network can be used to distinguish normal and unusual galaxy spectra, and discuss the possible application of these results to spectra from galaxy redshift surveys.
Force-velocity relations and fiber composition in human knee extensor muscles (1976)

Standardized measurements of dynamic strength of the kneee extensor muscles were performed in 25 healthy male subjects (17-37 yr) by means of isokinetic contractions, i.e., knee extensions with constant angular velocities. Overall variation between double determinations of maximal torque throughout the 90 degrees arc of motion (0 degrees = fully extended leg) averaged 10% for the different constant velocities chosen. At any given angle of the knee the torque produced was higher for isometric than for dynamic contractions. Dynamic torque decreased gradually with increased speed of shortening. Peak dynamic torque was reached at knee angles in the range: 55-66 degrees, with a displacement toward smaller knee angles with higher angular velocities. Correlations were demonstrated between peak torque produced at the highest speed of muscle shortening and percent as well as relative area of fast twitch fibers in the contracting muscle. In addition muscles with a high percentage of fast twitch fibers had the highest maximal contraction speeds. These observations on intact human skeletal muscle are consistent with earlier findings in animal skeletal muscle preparations.
Vertebral Osteomyelitis due to<i>Candida</i>Species: Case Report and Literature Review (2001)

Candida species uncommonly cause vertebral osteomyelitis. We present a case of lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Candida albicans and review 59 cases of candidal vertebral osteomyelitis reported in the literature. The mean age was 50 years, and the lower thoracic or lumbar spine was involved in 95% of patients. Eighty-three percent of patients had back pain for >1 month, 32% presented with fever, and 19% had neurological deficits. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 87% of patients, and blood culture yielded Candida species for 51%. C. albicans was responsible for 62% of cases, Candida tropicalis for 19%, and Candida glabrata for 14%. Risk factors for candidal vertebral osteomyelitis were the presence of a central venous catheter, antibiotic use, immunosuppression, and injection drug use. Medical and surgical therapies were both used, and amphotericin B was the primary antifungal agent. Prognosis was good, with an overall clinical cure rate of 85%.
Proposal of expert system for hotel booking system (2016)

Currently, there are a lot of hotel booking systems. However, the quality of the systems and interconnection with another system is very different. In this article, the fuzzy approach and expert system for hotel booking system is proposed. The proposed approach is based on evaluating hotel services for different kinds of hotel guests. The output of the expert system is a proposal of suitable hotel services for hotel guests during the process of hotel booking.
Cable-Climbing Robots for Power Transmission Lines Inspection (2009)

Power transmission line inspection is of utmost importance for power companies towards having sustainable electricity supply to vast number of customers in major industries as well as households in a city. Inspection provides valuable data from status of the line, thus helps line engineers to plan for necessary repair or replacement works before any major damages which may result in outage. Constant energy supply to the customers requires performing all the inspection tasks without de-energizing the line, so live line inspection methods are of the most interest to power companies. These companies perform patrol inspection mainly using helicopters equipped with infrared and corona cameras to detect observable physical damages as well as some internal deterioration to the line and line equipment. However, aerial inspection is costly and always there is a risk of contact with live lines and loss of life. Moreover, there are some critical specifications of the line such as internal corrosion of steel reinforced aluminium conductors that should be inspected precisely from close distances to the line that are not accessible by a mobile platform such as a helicopter or even an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Hence, power companies have endeavored to make especial cable-climbing robots to accomplish inspection tasks from close distances to the hot line. Thanks to technological advances, utilizing robots as reliable substitutes for human beings in hazardous environments such as live lines has become possible. For many tasks requiring high precision over a long period of time, robots even do their job better than human operators. However, power companies have mainly focused on automating inspection tasks more willingly than making autonomous systems to perform repair works on the live line due to the fact that repair works are often complex to be accomplished by a robot. In the past two decades, researchers have endeavored to make fully autonomous and intelligent cable-climbing robots equipped with necessary sensors for hot line inspection, aiming at making a cable-climbing mechanism with obstacle avoidance capability to pass the line equipment and the tower. Also some research has been done to devise a durable power supply method for the hot line inspection robots to make them sufficiently durable to perform inspection over long distances of live lines without interruptions for recharging the power source. Inspection data quality enhancement has been another challenging issue in this field due to the fact that swinging of the inspection robot in windy climates and even www.intechopen.com
An IS900-like sequence found in a Mycobacterium sp. other than Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (2002)

The insertion sequence IS900 has been considered specific for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) and has, therefore, been used as the target gene for diagnostic PCR of M. paratuberculosis. From a healthy dairy cow we have isolated and characterised a mycobacterium harbouring one copy of a sequence with 94% identity to IS900 at the nucleic acid level. The isolate was shown to be related to Mycobacterium cookii, as assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Strong amplifications were obtained with several PCR primers described for detection of IS900. This finding shows the need of alternative PCR systems based on other genes than IS900 to confirm the presence of M. paratuberculosis.
Design and implementation of a heterogeneous distributed database management system (1989)

The architectural design is presented of DATAPLEX, a heterogeneous distributed database management system, and a prototype DATAPLEX. The objective of DATAPLEX is to integrate existing diverse databases as well as emerging new databases within an organization for organization-wide date sharing and data consistency. The architecture of DATAPLEX is based on the relational data model as a common data model and the structured query language (SQL) as a standard query language. A method to decompose distributed queries in this architecture is developed. The prototype system interfaces an IMS hierarchical database management system (DBMS) on IBM/MVS and an INGRES relational DBMS on DEC/VMS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How Many Times Was Lochner-Era Substantive Due Process Effective? (1997)

According to Justice David Souter, it is "most familiar history" that back when the Supreme Court took a restricted view of the commerce power, it also "routinely invalidated state social and economic legislation under an expansive conception of Fourteenth Amendment substantive due process." As the word "routinely" suggests, Souter evidently believed that this Lochner Court struck down a large number of laws on substantive due process grounds' during the years 1897 to 1937.\nAs discussed later, other observers agree. Although they recognize that the old Court rejected more substantive due process attacks than it accepted, they also suggest that cases of the latter kind numbered approximately 200. This means that during the forty years comprising the Lochner era, the Court used substantive due process to strike down government action an average of about five times a year.\nThe question of economic substantive due process's impact has intrinsic historical interest. Because the Court seems to be slowly reviving the doctrine, the question is assuming greater practical\nimportance as well. The prospect of a new economic substantive due process naturally awakens traditional criticisms of the Lochner Court. But some of these criticisms assume that the doctrine had a strong impact.\nThe first and perhaps the most formidable of these attacks is that because the original meaning of due process was procedural, substantive due process is illegitimate. The usual justification for this positivistic argument is that when courts broadly interpret vague provisions like due process to strike down legislation, they offend democratic values. But the less often economic substantive due process was used in this way, the less vulnerable it is to charges of judicial legislation.
Localization: theory and experiment (1993)

The transport properties of disordered solids have been the subject of much work since at least the 1950s, but with a new burst of activity during the 1980s which has survived up to the present day. There have been numerous reviews of a more or less specialized nature. The present review aims to fill the niche for a non-specialized review of this very active area of research. The basic concepts behind the theory are introduced with more detailed sections covering experimental results, one-dimensional localization, scaling theory, weak localization, magnetic field effects and fluctuations.
Insulation Problems in Medium Voltage Stator Coils Under Fast Repetitive Voltage Pulses (2007)

In this research work, the degradation processes in stator bar groundwall insulation that is subjected to steep-front voltage pulses, at different temperatures, is studied. The test conditions include pulse voltage amplitudes up to 6 kVp, and pulse switching frequencies up to 3 kHz in ambient temperatures of 23degC, 120 degC, and 155 degC. During the aging process, the surface temperature is monitored with an infrared camera to determine the regions with the highest temperatures, and the partial discharge (PD) activity. The visual examination of failed bars confirmed that the groundwall insulation in these regions is degraded.
AIR BAG DEPLOYMENT CHARACTERISTICS. FINAL REPORT (1992)

A study was conducted to examine the inflation characteristics of several production driver's side air bag systems relative to factors which may be important to the likelihood of injuries occurring as side effects of the inflation process. The study was limited to deployment of the air bag systems in a static, non-crash environment. Two phases of tests were conducted: (1) deployment of the air bags to determine inflation characteristics, and (2) deployment of the air bags with a 5th percentile female dummy positioned in front of the restraints to observe the interactions between dummy and air bags. Four distinct air bag folding patterns were observed among the systems tested. Peak air bag velocities were similar for tethered and untethered systems. Distinct differences in the maximum displacement of the leading edge of the air bags were observed between tethered and untethered systems. The air bag folding pattern and the presence of tethers appeared to have significant effects, both singularly and in conjunction with one another, on the observed interactions with the small female dummy. The removal patterns of the powdered chalk from the dummy's face by the air bags' contact appeared to be primarily dependent upon these two factors.
Meningeal derived cerebrospinal fluid proteins in different forms of dementia: is a meningopathy involved in normal pressure hydrocephalus? (2004)

We conclude that leptomeningeal dysfunction may be involved in certain types of dementia such as NPH and that reduced CSF beta trace protein levels in patients with NPH may aid in differentiating this difficult to diagnose disorder from other syndromes such as Alzheimer's disease.
Activation of Endothelium by<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>In Vitro Enhances Transmigration of Specific Subsets of T Lymphocytes (2001)

Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, is characterized by the accumulation of lymphocytes and monocytes in the affected tissue. Endothelial cells line the blood vessel walls and control the trafficking of inflammatory leukocytes from the blood into the surrounding tissues. A model of the blood vessel wall, consisting of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) grown on amniotic connective tissue, was utilized to examine the effects of B. burgdorferi on the transendothelial migration of T lymphocytes. Maximal migration occurred when the HUVEC-amnion cultures were preincubated with B. burgdorferi for 24 h and T lymphocytes were added for an additional 4 h, yielding a two- to fourfold increase compared to migration across unstimulated cultures. The number of T lymphocytes that migrated was proportional to the number added. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin 10 (IL-10), added during activation of the HUVEC, significantly diminished (by an average of 70% +/- 21%) the migration of T lymphocytes across endothelium stimulated for 8 or 24 h with B. burgdorferi, but not IL-1. Compared to the initially added population of T lymphocytes, the population that migrated across untreated endothelium or HUVEC activated with B. burgdorferi or IL-1 contained a significantly smaller percentage of CD45RA+RO- (naïve) cells and a greater proportion of CD45RA+RO+ cells. The migratory population was also enriched for CD8+ T lymphocytes when the endothelium was incubated with either control medium or B. burgdorferi, but not IL-1. B. burgdorferi thus activates endothelium in a manner that promotes the transmigration of T lymphocytes, and IL-10 inhibits this activation. These data further suggest that endothelium plays an active role in promoting the recruitment of specific subpopulations of T lymphocytes.
<i>N</i>-Benzoylpyrazoles Are Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Human Neutrophil Elastase (2007)

Human neutrophil elastase (NE) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease. Using high-throughput chemolibrary screening, we identified 10 N-benzoylpyrazole derivatives that were potent NE inhibitors. Nine additional NE inhibitors were identified through further screening of N-benzoylpyrazole analogues. Evaluation of inhibitory activity against a range of proteases showed high specificity for NE, although several derivatives were also potent inhibitors of chymotrypsin. Analysis of reaction kinetics and inhibitor stability revealed that N-benzoylpyrazoles were pseudoirreversible competitive inhibitors of NE. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis demonstrated that modification of N-benzoylpyrazole ring substituents modulated enzyme selectivity and potency. Furthermore, molecular modeling of the binding of selected active and inactive compounds to the NE active site revealed that active compounds fit well into the catalytic site, whereas inactive derivatives contained substituents or conformations that hindered binding or accessibility to the catalytic residues. Thus, N-benzoylpyrazole derivatives represent novel structural templates that can be utilized for further development of efficacious NE inhibitors.
Covalent Binding of Aniline to Humic Substances. 1. Kinetic Studies (1996)

The reaction kinetics for the covalent binding of aniline with reconstituted IHSS humic and fulvic acids, unfractionated DOM isolated from Suwannee River water, and whole samples of Suwannee River water have been investigated. The reaction kinetics in each of these systems can be adequately described by a simple second-order rate expression. The effect of varying the initial concentration of aniline on reaction kinetics suggested that approximately 10% of the covalent binding sites associated with Suwannee River fulvic acid are highly reactive sites that are quickly saturated. Based on the kinetic parameters determined for the binding of aniline with the Suwannee River fulvic and humic acid isolates, it was estimated that 50% of the aniline concentration decrease in a Suwannee River water sample could be attributed to reaction with the fulvic and humic acid components of the whole water sample. Studies with Suwannee River fulvic acid demonstrated that the rate of binding decreased with decreasing pH, which parallels the decrease in the effective concentration of the neutral form, or reactive nucleophilic species of aniline. The covalent binding of aniline with Suwannee River fulvic acid was inhibited by prior treatment of the fulvic acid with hydrogen sulfide, sodium borohydride, or hydroxylamine. These observations are consistent with a reac tion pathway involving nucleophilic addition of aniline to carbonyl moieties present in the fulvic acid.
Proprietà collettive e usi civici nella prospettiva storico-giuridica del Novecento. In appendice il discorso di Carlo Calisse - Senato del Regno, 18 maggio 1927 (2015)

This paper on Proprietà collettive e usi civici nella prospettiva storico-giuridica del Novecento. In appendice il discorso di Carlo Calisse - Senato del Regno, 18 maggio 1927, in Historia et ius. Rivista di storia giuridica dell’età medievale e moderna, 7 (2015), pp. 1-26; ISSN 2279-7416 focuses on the qualification and practical applications of the concepts of property and civic uses in the first half of the 19th century. In particular, this essay focuses on the studies of Legal Historians (scholars of Roman law and experts of Medieval and Modern Law) who have criticized the concept of property developed by German Pandettistica. The permanence of a concept of property, not corresponding to the legal experiences of the past, has led strong criticisms against legislative proposals about civic uses. Last but not least, this approach has also contributed to the failure to implement EU decisions regarding civic uses and linked to the protection of some foundamental rights.
Colored Systems with Improved Weatherfastness (1994)

Weatherfastness of pigmented organic coatings is a classical problem in the industrial world. We describe the photoreactivity of some heterocyclic pigments from the 1,4-dioxopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole (DPP) family in suspension and in a polymer matrix, and the discovery of the photostabilization of organic crystals by nitroxy radicals.
Modified Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for WiMAX Communication System (2014)

In this paper, a new design for U-shaped microstrip patch antenna is proposed, which can be used in WiMAX communication systems. The aim of this paper is to optimize the performance of microstrip patch antenna. Nowadays, WiMAX communication applications are widely using U-shaped microstrip patch antenna and it has become very popular. Our proposed antenna design uses 4-4.5 GHZ frequency band and it is working at narrowband within this band. RT/DUROID 5880 material is used for creating the substrate of the microstrip antenna. This modified design of the microstrip patch antenna gives high performance in terms of gain and return loss.
Oleifolioside A, a New Active Compound, Attenuates LPS-Stimulated iNOS and COX-2 Expression through the Downregulation of NF-<i>κ</i>B and MAPK Activities in RAW 264.7 Macrophages (2012)

Oleifolioside A, a new triterpenoid compound isolated from Dendropanax morbifera Leveille (D. morbifera), was shown in this study to have potent inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS-)stimulated nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Consistent with these findings, oleifolioside A was further shown to suppress the expression of LPS-stimulated inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) in a dose-dependent manner at both the protein and mRNA levels and to significantly inhibit the DNA-binding activity and transcriptional activity of NF-κB in response to LPS. These results were found to be associated with the inhibition of the degradation and phosphorylation of IκB-α and subsequent translocation of the NF-κB p65 subunit to the nucleus. Inhibition of NF-κB activation by oleifolioside A was also shown to be mediated through the prevention of p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Taken together, our results suggest that oleifolioside A has the potential to be a novel anti-inflammatory agent capable of targeting both the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.
Fenugreek (2002)

Fenugreek presents an in-depth review on the Genus Trigonella and particularly the species T. foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek). It is written by experts and includes chapters describing the genus' botany, physiology, cultivation, breeding, nutrition, pest-disease and weed control. The chemical constituents of the species of Trigonella, their pharmacological properties and the marketing of fenugreek seed are also discussed as are its medicinal applications. A detailed presentation of the usefulness of fenugreek seed as food (whole, flour, roasted), spice (in curry powder), perfume, dye and source of galactomannan and steroidal diosgenin, widely used in industry, is also included. The book will be of interest to all those concerned with the study, cultivation and use of medicinal and aromatic plants and particularly of fenugreek.