gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multiple‐pulse sequence for improved selective excitation in magnetic resonance imaging (1985)

A new framework for selective excitation that offers simpler design and better performance than conventional excitation methods is introduced. The guidelines for choosing the appropriate radiofrequency (rf) pulse envelope in a conventional selective excitation sequence often rely on Fourier analysis, leading to less than desirable results. Although providing useful insight, Fourier analysis of the rf pulse envelope determines the resultant slice shape accurately only for small flip-angle excitations, and not for larger flip-angle excitations owing to the generally nonlinear behavior of the spin system. In the new excitation framework, additional excitation pulses (typically one) are applied in sequence with the conventional pulse to improve the performance (in phase characteristics and slice definition) over that achieved by the conventional pulse alone. Given a desired spatial spin distribution and an associated rf pulse (e.g., Fourier transform pairs), the Bloch equation is solved backwards to yield the starting distribution required for the conventional pulse to give exactly the desired output. If this residual distribution is a small flip angle away from the actual starting distribution, then Fourier analysis of the residual distribution leads to the necessary "setup" pulse. A gradient of opposite polarity during the setup obviates a refocusing interval after the setup pulse. Computer simulations have verified the efficacy of the multiple-pulse excitation sequence for both 90 degrees and 180 degrees excitations.
6-Acylamino-2-aminoquinolines as Potent Melanin-Concentrating Hormone 1 Receptor Antagonists. Identification, Structure−Activity Relationship, and Investigation of Binding Mode (2005)

Novel 6-acylamino-2-aminoquinoline melanin-concentrating hormone 1 receptor (MCH1R) antagonists were identified by sequential in silico screening with 3D pharmacophore models derived from a series of benzamide antagonists. The structure-activity relationship exploration by synthesis of analogues found structural demands around the western part of the compounds to be quite specific, whereas much structural freedom was found in the eastern part. While these compounds in general suffered from poor solubility properties, the 4-trifluoromethoxyphenoxyacetamide western appendage provided a favorable combination of activity and solubility properties. The amine in the eastern appendage, originally required by the pharmacophore model and believed to interact with Asp123 in transmembrane 3 of MCH1R, could be removed without diminishing affinity or functional activity of the compounds. Docking studies suggested that the Asp123 interacts preferentially with the nitrogen of the central quinoline. Synthesis and testing of specific analogues supported our revised binding mode hypothesis.
Development of an Apparatus for Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Irradiated or Non-Irradiated Graphite; REALISATION D'UN APPAREIL DE MESURE DE LA CONDUCTIBILITE THERMIQUE DU GRAPHITE IRRADIE OU NON IRRADIE (1962)

An apparatus was developed for measuring the thermal conductivity coefficient K of irradiated or nonirradiated graphite. The measurement of K at around room temperature with an accuracy of about 5% is possible. The study specimen is placed in a vacuum between a hot and a cold source which create a temperature gradient DELTA be- / DELTA x in the steady state. The amount of heat transferred, Q, is deduced from the electrical power dissipated at the hot source, after allowing for heat losses. The thermal conductivity coefficient is defined as: K = Q/S. DELTA x/ DELTA be- , S being the cross section of the sample. Systematic studies have made it possible to determine the mean values of the thermal conductivity. (auth)
Physics of band-gap formation and its evolution in the pillar-based phononic crystal structures (2014)

In this paper, the interplay of Bragg scattering and local resonance is theoretically studied in a phononic crystal (PnC) structure composed of a silicon membrane with periodic tungsten pillars. The comparison of phononic band gaps (PnBGs) in three different lattice types (i.e., square, triangular, and honeycomb) with different pillar geometries shows that different PnBGs have varying degrees of dependency on the lattice symmetry based on the interplay of the local resonances and the Bragg effect. The details of this interplay is discussed. The significance of locally resonating pillars, specially in the case of tall pillars, on PnBGs is discussed and verified by examining the PnBG position and width in perturbed lattices via Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the PnBGs caused by the local resonance of the pillars are more resilient to the lattice perturbations than those caused by Bragg scattering.
A Study of the Cardboard Flavour in Beer by Gas Chromatography (1969)

(1969). A Study of the Cardboard Flavour in Beer by Gas Chromatography. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 27, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1969, pp. 123-126.
Functionalized nanoporous materials for volatile metabolites monitoring with direct optical transduction (2014)

A noninvasive and low cost colorimetric test is proposed to detect microorganisms in complex media via volatile metabolites released by enzymatic activity. The sensor is based on a hybrid organic-inorganic nanoporous xerogel. This transparent and colorless silica matrix traps and concentrates targeted volatile metabolites which are then detected by absorbance measurements. Ortho-nitrophenol was chosen as a volatile metabolite. At a first stage, the trapping efficiencies of various functionalized xerogels were compared in order to optimize the detection of ortho-nitrophenol. As a second step, we used xerogels with the best composition to detect E. coli cells in blood samples.
The endocrine and metabolic profile of the growth-retarded fetus. (2001)

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is characterized by the failure of the fetus to grow at a normal rate in utero and is associated with a number of endocrine and metabolic changes. Our knowledge of the placental nutrient supply and the endocrine status of the fetal-placental unit during pregnancies involving IUGR has greatly increased over the past decade as a result of the availability of fetal blood samples obtained under relatively steady state conditions. These studies have provided evidence that the supply of glucose is impaired only under severe conditions, whereas placental transfer of amino acids is reduced even in fetuses with normal oxygenation and feto-placental blood flow. Moreover, significant in utero relationships have been reported between fetal weight and circulating levels of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor-I and leptin. When measured per kg fetal weight, however, levels of leptin are significantly higher in growth-retarded fetuses, with abnormal feto-placental blood flow and reduced oxygen content. The metabolic and endocrine changes observed should be interpreted in relation to the severity of the disease.
BODY FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE COMPOSITION IN ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION. I. STUDIES IN ESSENTIAL, RENAL AND MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION* (1961)

In previous studies in this laboratory it was found that the capacity to excrete sodium as indi- cated by the rate of excretion of an intravenously administered sodium load was significantly in- creased in essential and renal hypertension Sodium excretory capacity was reduced by antihypertensive therapy and was correlated sig- nificantly with the level of arterial pressure. How- ever, the absence of a high degree of correlation, together with the ability of dietary sodium intake to influence the renal capacity to excrete sodiun-m, suggested that in addition to an elevated blood pressure other factors such as an increase in body sodium and fluid volume might enhance sodium excretion in hypertensive individuals.
Relationship Between Iron Concentration and Hepatitis C Virus RNA Level in Liver Tissue (1999)

Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection frequently have increased hepatic iron stores. The role of hepatitis C in hepatic iron deposition is unknown. The authors examined whether there is a relation between hepatitis C virus level in liver tissue and hepatic iron concentration. Forty-two paired samples obtained from the liver explants of five patients who underwent transplantation for liver disease due to hepatitis C were studied. Hepatitis C virus levels were measured at multiple sites within each liver by a branched deoxyribonucleic assay. Measurements of hepatic iron concentration were made at adjacent sites by a colorimetric assay. Random effects modeling showed wide intrahepatic variation in hepatic HCV ribonucleic acid (RNA) concentration (variance = 1.2 x 10(4) [mEq/g]2) and hepatic iron concentration (variance = 1.3 x 10(6) [microg/g]2). There was, however, a trend toward an association between the mean HCV level and the mean hepatic iron concentration for each liver (r = 0.30, p = 0.05). In conclusion, HCV level and iron concentration varied within and between cirrhotic livers. Variability in intrahepatic iron concentration was not related to variability in intrahepatic HCV RNA concentration. More studies are needed to determine the cause of variability in hepatic iron and HCV RNA concentration within and between livers in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Silicon‐Substituted 1,3‐Dienes and Their Diels—Alder/Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
T Cell Phenotype in Allergic Asthma and Atopic Dermatitis (2003)

The present study reveals and confirms genes relevant for allergy and highlights an approach to applying a DNA array technique for diagnostic discrimination of allergic diseases.
A peristaltic action microinch actuator Research and development study (1970)

Peristaltic action microinch actuator for primary mirror active-optics system of orbiting astronomical telescope
Sertraline-Induced Hypoglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Patients (2015)

Objective: To report the clinical outcomes of 2 type 2 diabetes patients admitted for severe and precipitous hypoglycemia after initiation of sertraline and subsequent resolution after discontinuation of the medication.
SPONTANEOUS CA <sup>2+</sup> ACTIVATED CL <sup>−</sup> CURRENTS IN ISOLATED URETHRAL SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS (2001)

Urethral cells fire large spontaneous transient inward currents, mediated by Ca2+ activated Cl- channels, which are adequate to account for the spontaneous transient depolarizations seen in whole urethral tissue.
<title>Measurement of the performance of a cavity-backed exponentially flaired TEM horn</title> (1992)

This paper describes the performance of a broadband (0.3-10 GHz) cavity backed TEM horn with an exponential flare in two planes. The antenna pattern was measured using a pulsed source and found to have a 3 dB width of 50 deg. The two-way transfer function of a pair of these horns was determined using pulsed measurements. The two way gain of the horns was found to be 6 dB. Diffraction of the low frequency components of the radiated pulse was observed and the effects on waveform shape noted. In particular, we have observed that the back and side lobes of this antenna are dominated by the low frequency components, and the corresponding temporal waveform has a different shape than the waveform found in the main lobe.
Leaching Chemistry and the Performance of the Mo<sub>6</sub>S<sub>8</sub> Cathodes in Rechargeable Mg Batteries. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Theory of the Dependence of Densification on Grain Growth During Intermediate‐Stage Sintering (1975)

A semiempirical model for intermediate‐stage sintering is developed based on simultaneously occurring volume and grain‐boundary diffusion mechanisms of mass transport and explicitly incorporating the effects of grain growth. The sintering equation derived depends strongly on the reduction of pore number density associated with grain growth and is independent of the mechanism of grain growth. The time and temperature dependencies of densification predicted by the equation, which are tested using data for metal and ceramic powders, agree well with observations. The data indicate that grain‐boundary diffusion contributes negligibly to densification.
Induction of Endogenous Uncoupling Protein 3 Suppresses Mitochondrial Oxidant Emission during Fatty Acid-supported Respiration (2007)

Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) expression increases dramatically in skeletal muscle under metabolic states associated with elevated lipid metabolism, yet the function of UCP3 in a physiological context remains controversial. Here, in situ mitochondrial H(2)O(2) emission and respiration were measured in permeabilized fiber bundles prepared from both rat and mouse (wild-type) gastrocnemius muscle after a single bout of exercise plus 18 h of recovery (Ex/R) that induced a approximately 2-4-fold increase in UCP3 protein. Elevated uncoupling activity (i.e. GDP inhibitable) was evident in Ex/R fibers only upon the addition of palmitate (known activator of UCP3) or under substrate conditions eliciting substantial rates of H(2)O(2) production (i.e. respiration supported by succinate or palmitoyl-L-carnitine/malate but not pyruvate/malate), indicative of UCP3 activation by endogenous reactive oxygen species. In mice completely lacking UCP3 (ucp3(-/-)), Ex/R failed to induce uncoupling activity. Surprisingly, when UCP3 activity was inhibited by GDP (rats) or in the absence of UCP3 (ucp3(-/-)), H(2)O(2) emission was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in Ex/R versus non-exercised control fibers. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the oxidant emitting potential of mitochondria is increased in skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise, possibly as a consequence of prolonged reliance on lipid metabolism and/or altered mitochondrial biochemistry/morphology and that induction of UCP3 in vivo mediates an increase in uncoupling activity that restores mitochondrial H(2)O(2) emission to non-exercised, control levels.
Weeding and grooming of pathogens in agriculture by ants (2001)

The ancient mutualism between fungus-growing ants and the fungi they cultivate for food is a textbook example of symbiosis. Fungus-growing ants' ability to cultivate fungi depends on protection of the garden from the aggressive microbes associated with the substrate added to the garden as well as from the specialized virulent garden parasite Escovopsis. We examined ants' ability to remove alien microbes physically by infecting Atta colombica gardens with the generalist pathogen Trichoderma viride and the specialist pathogen Escovopsis. The ants sanitized the garden using two main behaviours: grooming of alien spores from the garden (fungus grooming) and removal of infected garden substrate (weeding). Unlike previously described hygienic behaviours (e.g. licking and self-grooming), fungus-grooming and garden-removal behaviours are specific responses to the presence of fungal pathogens. In the presence of pathogens, they are the primary activities performed by workers, but they are uncommon in uninfected gardens. In fact, workers rapidly eliminate Trichoderma from their gardens by fungus grooming and weeding, suggesting that these behaviours are the primary method of garden defence against generalist pathogens. The same sanitary behaviours were performed in response to the presence of the specialist pathogen Escovopsis. However, the intensity and duration of these behaviours were much greater in this treatment. Despite the increased effort, the ants were unable to eliminate Escovopsis from their gardens, suggesting that this specialized pathogen has evolved counter-adaptations in order to overcome the sanitary defences of the ants.
Protein nutrition of growing cattle: food intake and growth responses to rumen degradable protein and undegradable protein (1987)

ABSTRACT Groups of eight Friesian steers were given one of eight diets from 114 to 300 kg live weight. The iso-energetic diets were formulated to supply four levels of protein degradability within two concentrations of crude protein (CP), giving a range of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) and undegradable dietary protein (UDP) concentrations both above and below Agricultural Research Council (1980) recommendations. There were significant ( P < 0·05), positive, linear responses of mean daily dry-matter (DM) intake (DMI) (g/kg M °75 ) to RDP concentration (g/kg DM) for both the low CP diets (DMI = -98·0 + 1·76 (RDP); P = 0·013) and the high CP diets (DMI = -157·5 + 218 (RDP; P = 0017). For the high CP diets, there was a significant (P = 0·045) positive, linear response of live-weight gain (LWG) (kg/day) to UDP concentration (LWG = 0·47 + 0·017 (UDP); P = 0·045). No such response was observed for the low CP diets, where the range of UDP concentrations supplied was smaller than expected. For both the low and high CP diets, LWG decreased as metabolizable energy, UDP and RDP intake increased. These negative responses to nutrient intake were reflected in a wide discrepancy between observed rates of gain and those predicted by current energy and protein nutrition systems. Interactions between food intake and digestive processes, which obstruct effective interpretation of these results, should form an explicit part of any revised protein nutrition scheme.
The Thermodynamics of Rubber at Small Extensions (1945)

Abstract On analyzing their own data, Meyer and Ferri have concluded that, at small extensions, rubber is an ideal elastomer according to the definition that (∂E/∂L) P,T =0 . Further analysis of Meyer and Ferri's data does not sustain their conclusion. If, however, (∂E/∂L) V,T =0 is taken as a new criterion for an ideal elastomer, Meyer and Ferri's data do indicate that rubber is ideal, at least for extensions up to 166 per cent. The new criterion implies that the valence angles do not store an appreciable amount of energy when the rubber is stretched. However, both the molecular orientation and the interatomic displacements do influence the energy required for extension.
Imprint of Ancient Evolution on rRNA Folding (2016)

In a model describing the origin and evolution of the translation system, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) grew in size by accretion [Petrov, A. S., et al. (2015) History of the Ribosome and the Origin of Translation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 112, 15396-15401]. Large rRNAs were built up by iterative incorporation and encasement of small folded RNAs, in analogy with addition of new LEGOs onto the surface of a preexisting LEGO assembly. In this model, rRNA robustness in folding arises from inherited autonomy of local folding. We propose that rRNAs can be decomposed at various granularities, retaining folding mechanism and folding competence. To test these predictions, we disassembled Domain III of the large ribosomal subunit (LSU). We determined whether local rRNA structure, stability, and folding pathways are autonomous. Thermal melting, chemical footprinting, and circular dichroism were used to infer rules that govern folding of rRNA. We deconstructed Domain III of the LSU rRNA by mapping out its complex multistep melting pathway. We studied Domain III and two equal-size "sub-Domains" of Domain III. The combined results are consistent with a model in which melting transitions of Domain III are conserved upon cleavage into sub-Domains. Each of the eight melting transitions of Domain III corresponds in Tm and ΔH with a transition observed in one of the two isolated sub-Domains. The results support a model in which structure, stability, and folding mechanisms are dominated by local interactions and are unaffected by separation of the sub-Domains. Domain III rRNA is distinct from RNAs that form long-range cooperative interaction networks at early stages of folding or that do not fold reversibly.
Metaphase FISHing of transgenic mice recommended: FISH and SKY define BAC‐mediated balanced translocation (2003)

The evolving trend to use larger transgenes and their associated increased chance of unexpected genetic events mandates more careful characterization of transgenic mice. In characterizing our five new mouse strains transgenic for the BAC, bEMS4, we have identified the highest copy number reported to date: the stable incorporation of approximately 40 copies of a 194-kb expressed transgene in a single insertion site. We caution, however, that standard molecular techniques failed to identify a balanced translocation in another strain, and an inappropriate site of insertion in a third. Molecular cytogenetic analysis using metaphase FISH was the minimum level of characterization needed to reveal these unexpected genetic events. In addition, we combined FISH and SKY to identify the transgene at the breakpoints of the balanced translocation, t(3;9). This is the first description of a BAC-mediated chromosomal rearrangement and the first application of SKY to identify transgene-induced chromosomal rearrangements.
Supramolecular gel-functionalized polymer films with tunable optical activity (2015)

A new method for the fabrication of an optically active polymer film, involving the self-assembled nanofibres in a solid polymer.
Effective Use of Demonstration Assessments in the Classroom Relative to Laboratory Topics (2007)

Demonstration assessment is an effective pedagogical tool for improving the learning of concepts in introductory chemistry classes. However, in apparent contrast to the learning cycle paradigm, a differential analysis of test-question responses showed that students' improvements were not as evident when the concepts introduced in lecture-based demonstration assessments were later reinforced in an accompanying laboratory. These findings should help instructors to more effectively target this beneficial yet demanding form of classroom assessment.
Atomphysik (AP) (1978)

In dieser Serie von Experimenten werden verschiedene grundlegende Konzepte der Quantenmechanik untersucht, die für das Verständnis der Struktur und der Eigenschaften von Atomen von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Dazu gehören die Existenz von atomaren Energieniveaus, die Teilchennatur der elektromagnetischen Strahlung und die Wellennatur von Teilchen.
Lyophilization for Water Recovery II, Model Validation (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents results of research on a solid waste dryer, based of the process of lyophilization, which recovers water and stabilizes solid waste. A lyophilizer has been developed and tested that uses thermoelectric heat pumps (TECs) to recycle heat during drying. The properties of TECs facilitate direct measurement of heat flow rates, and heat flow data are used to evaluate a heat and mass transfer model of the thermoelectric lyophilizer. Data are consistent with the theoretical model in most respects. Practical problems such as insulation and vacuum maintenance are minor in this system. However, the model’s assumption of a uniformly retreating ice layer during drying is valid only for the first 30% of water removed. Beyond this point, a shrinking core or lens model is more appropriate. Heat transfer to the shrinking core surrounded by dried material is slow. Additional experiments show that heat transfer to the core, and thus drying rate, can be improved dramatically by compressing the sample during drying.</div>