gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF A DISOMIC-1D ADDITION LINE OF DURUM WHEAT (1975)

A pair of chromosomes from Chinese Spring hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was added to the tetraploid durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) cultivar Langdon. Crosses between this disomic-addition line and Chinese Spring ditelosomic 1DL produced progeny with 14 pairs + 1 heteromorphic bivalent + 6 univalents (14″ + t1″ + 6′). Therefore, this durum line with 15 pairs of chromosomes is a 1D-disomic addition line to Langdon durum wheat. Seed from the 1D-disomic addition line produced two high-molecular-weight glutenin polypeptide subunits not present in durum wheats, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These polypeptides were similar to those present in Chinese Spring. Semolina milled from seed of the 1D-disomic addition line had very strong mixing properties, as determined by the micro-mixograph, and 2% higher protein than the recurrent parent Langdon or other durum varieties. The amino acid content of the line was similar to that of the other durums.
Pooled Analysis of the Effect of Age on Adjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Completely Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2008)

Adjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy should not be withheld from elderly patients with NSCLC purely on the basis of age.
Kinetic analysis of furosine and pentosidine in CAPD patients. (1997)

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been noted in the peritoneal tissue of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, and this may cause an increase in membrane permeability. In vivo and in vitro kinetic analysis was carried out on furosine and pentosidine, early and late glycation products. Plasma furosine and pentosidine were measured by HPLC in patients with renal dysfunction with or without diabetes mellitus (DM) and dialysate pentosidine and furosine in CAPD patients. Only those dialysis patients without residual renal function were used in this study. Plasma furosine was remarkably high in DM, hemodialysis (HD), and CAPD patients. Plasma pentosidine appeared to depend on renal function and was not influenced by diabetic condition. Plasma pentosidine was significantly higher in CAPD than HD patients. A weak positive correlation was noted between dialysate and plasma furosine and pentosidine, indicating the main source of furosine and pentosidine in PD effluent to be plasma. Serial dialysate sampling showed furosine and pentosidine to increase linearly. Mean dialysate/plasma (D/P) of furosine and pentosidine were 0.043 and 0.012, respectively. Protein-bound product size and in situ formation of furosine in the peritoneal cavity would be the reason for these differences in D/P. In situ formation of early glycation products in the peritoneal cavity may be concluded to take place in CAPD patients, and high plasma pentosidine may lead to its accumulation in tissue, resulting, possibly, in pathological change.
Quantum dynamics of adsorbed normal- and para-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, HD, and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mtext>D</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>in the microporous framework MOF-74 analyzed using infrared spectroscopy (2010)

Low-temperature diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy is used to measure the quantum dynamics of molecular hydrogen and its isotopologues adsorbed in the microporous material MOF-74. At least two distinct adsorption sites are revealed by increasing the concentration of ${\text{H}}_{2}$ within the material and monitoring the successive appearance of absorption bands with decreasing bathochromic shifts (or ``redshifts'') from the unperturbed (gas-phase) vibrational frequencies. Under conditions wherein both the primary and neighboring secondary sites are occupied, additional frequency shifts are observed that confirm the interactions among the adsorbed molecules are non-negligible. Ortho to para conversion of the adsorbed normal-${\text{H}}_{2}$ is observed to occur within minutes and this process is accelerated when both primary and secondary sites are occupied. Translational sidebands are also observed, providing an estimation of $124\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the frequency of the center-of-mass motion of ${\text{H}}_{2}$ at the primary adsorption site. The frequency shifts of the absorption bands of HD and ${\text{D}}_{2}$ diverge from the predictions of a simple isotope effect, emphasizing the importance of the zero-point energy contribution.
Calcium-Dependent Persistent Facilitation of Spike Backpropagation in the CA1 Pyramidal Neurons (2000)

Sodium-dependent action potentials initiated near the soma are known to backpropagate over the dendrites of CA1 pyramidal neurons in an activity-dependent manner. Consequently, later spikes in a train have smaller amplitude when recorded in the apical dendrites. We found that depolarization and resultant Ca(2+) influx into dendrites caused a persistent facilitation of spike backpropagation. Dendritic patch recordings were made from CA1 pyramidal neurons in mouse hippocampal slices under blockade of fast excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. Trains of 10 backpropagating action potentials induced by antidromic stimulation showed a clear decrement in the amplitude of later spikes when recorded in the middle apical dendrites. After several depolarizing current pulses, the amplitude of later spikes increased persistently, and all spikes in a train became almost equal in size. BAPTA (10 mm) contained in the pipette or low-Ca(2+) perfusing solution abolished this depolarization-induced facilitation, indicating that Ca(2+) influx is required. This facilitation was present in Galpha(q) knock-out mice that lack the previously reported muscarinic receptor-mediated enhancement of spike backpropagation. Therefore, these two forms of facilitation are clearly distinct in their intracellular mechanisms. Intracellular injection of either calmodulin binding domain (100 micrometer) or Ca(2+)/calmodulin-kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor 281-301 (10 micrometer) blocked the depolarization-induced facilitation. Bath application of a membrane-permeable CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 (10 micrometer) also blocked the facilitation, but KN-92 (10 micrometer), an inactive isomer of KN-93, had no effect. These results suggest that increases in [Ca(2+)](i) cause persistent facilitation of spike backpropagation in the apical dendrite of CA1 pyramidal neuron by CaMKII-dependent mechanisms.
Expression of apoptosis related proteins during malignant progression in chronic ulcerative colitis (2005)

Apoptosis related proteins--particularly iNOS, Bcl-xl, and Fas-show a distinct pattern of expression in the CUC to carcinoma sequence, which differs from that seen in sporadic carcinoma, but bears a striking resemblance to that seen during neoplastic progression in Barrett's oesophagus. These results support a causal role for chronic inflammation in cancer development in CUC, and treatment of ulcerative colitis should aim to minimise inflammation.
The basement membrane protein nidogen-1 supports platelet adhesion and activation (2020)

The core structure of the extracellular basement membrane is made up of self-assembling networks of collagen and laminin which associate with each other through the bridging adapter proteins including the sulfated monomeric glycoprotein nidogen. While collagen and laminin are known to support platelet adhesion and activation via β1 integrins and glycoprotein (GP) VI, respectively, whether nidogen contributes to platelet activation and hemostasis is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that recombinant human nidogen-1 supports platelet adhesion and stimulates platelet activation in a phospholipase-C γ-2 (PLCγ2), Src and Syk kinase-dependent manner downstream. Platetet adhesion to nidogen-1 was inhibited by blocking the platelet receptors GPVI and β1 integrins. Platelet adhesion to nidogen-1 activated the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, while pharmacological inhibition of IKK blocked platelet spreading on nidogen. Taken together our results suggest that nidogen may play a redundant role in hemostasis by activating platelets downstream of GPVI.
Diffusion on random-site percolation clusters: Theory and NMR microscopy experiments with model objects (2002)

Quasi-two-dimensional random-site percolation model objects were fabricated based on computer-generated templates. Samples consisting of two compartments, a reservoir of H2O gel attached to a percolation model object, which was initially filled with D2O, were examined with nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy for rendering proton spin density maps. The propagating proton/deuteron interdiffusion profiles were recorded and evaluated with respect to anomalous diffusion parameters. The deviation of the concentration profiles from those expected for unobstructed diffusion directly reflects the anomaly of the propagator for diffusion on a percolation cluster. The fractal dimension of the random walk d(w) evaluated from the diffusion measurements on the one hand and the fractal dimension d(f) deduced from the spin density map of the percolation object on the other permits one to experimentally compare dynamical and static exponents. Approximate calculations of the propagator are given on the basis of the fractional diffusion equation. Furthermore, the ordinary diffusion equation was solved numerically for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions for comparison. The anomalous diffusion constant was evaluated and is compared to the Brownian case. Some ad hoc correction of the propagator is shown to pay tribute to the finiteness of the system. In this way, anomalous solutions of the fractional diffusion equation could experimentally be verified.
<title>Algorithm for the automatic adjustment of double-line drain delineations for accuracy and consistency</title> (1995)

An algorithm that significantly reduces the time required to photogrammetrically extract valid double-line drains is described. The algorithm automatically adjusts an initial double-line drain delineation for accuracy and consistency. It is based on a rigorous, optimal solution technique and is currently implemented on the Defense Mapping Agency Digital Production System.
Design of an On-Line IEEE Floating-Point Addition Unit for FPGAs (2004)

We present the design of an on-line IEEE floating-point (FP) adder. In on-line arithmetic a result is computed as a digit serial output stream from digit serial input streams. The result digits begin to be produced a short delay after the first input digits arrive and before all the input digits have been received. On-line arithmetic proceeds from the most significant digit first through the least significant digit. Performing on-line addition on IEEE FP numbers imposes challenges beyond the challenges of conventional on-line arithmetic, including the task of normalization and IEEE rounding and its effect on the digits already output. The proposed implementations are very suitable for FPGAs, because the serial organization simplifies critical components of conventional FPGA IEEE FP addition implementations: Large alignment and normalization shifters are avoided allowing for reduced interconnection complexities and reasonable latencies at low implementation cost. The proposed implementations are fully compliant with the IEEE FP standard.
Aromatic rigid chain copolymers. I. Synthesis, structure, and solubility of phenyl‐substituted para‐linked aromatic random copolyamides (1989)

Abstract Four 2,5‐biphenylene based difunctional condensation monomers, such as 2,5‐diphenyldicar‐boxylic acid or phenylterephthalic acid (PTA), 2,5‐bis(carbonylimino‐4‐benzoic acid)biphenyl (2,5‐BCIBABP), 2,5‐diaminobiphenyl hydrochloride (2,5‐DABP.HCl) and 2,5‐bis(iminocarbonyl‐4‐benzoic acid)biphenyl (2,5‐BICBABP), have been synthesized and characterized. These monomers were polymerized in combination with terephthalic acid (TA) and p ‐phenylenediamine (PPD) via the phosphorylation reaction to prepare a series of phenyl‐substituted random copolyamides having all amide groups attached to para‐positions of the benzene rings. All the copolyamides have been characterized by solubility, solution viscosity, and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Some of these copolyamides have unusual solubility in organic solvents such as N,N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP) containing dissolved lithium chloride. A few copolyamides were tested for lyotropic behavior and found to form anisotropic solutions at critical concentrations in organic solvents. A randomly distributed unsymmetrical phenyl substituent on the benzene ring of para‐oriented wholly aromatic polyamides dramatically changes the solubility and melting point. The phenyl substituent on a terephthalic acid unit is more efficient in decreasing melting point and increasing solubility in organic solvents of aromatic polyamides than the one on a p ‐phenylenediamine unit. However, the former also introduces a more flexible link in the extended polyamide chain.
Caring for Colleagues (2001)

Shortly before his death in 1995, Kenneth B. Schwartz, a cancer patient at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), founded the Kenneth B. Schwartz Center. The Schwartz Center is a non-profit organization dedicated to supporting and advancing compassionate health care delivery, which provides hope to the patient, support to caregivers, and sustenance to the healing process. The center sponsors the Schwartz Center Rounds, a monthly multidisciplinary forum where caregivers reflect on important psychosocial issues faced by patients, their families, and their caregivers, and gain insight and support from fellow staff members. Caring for colleagues who develop cancer is a privilege woven with an extra dimension-caregiver-patient issues. As well as stretching the usual need for a supportive relationship, when one of the health care team develops cancer it particularly provokes concerns about our own mortality. The case is presented of a well-known physician who developed a second cancer and has been cared for at the MGH Cancer Center Staff discuss her care as it has been effected by her status as a colleague. They perceived unique barriers to optimal care such as assumptions about the patient's level of medical knowledge, and technical, informational, emotional, and hierarchical issues that may obstruct the development of a trusting relationship between caregivers and the physician/patient. Emotional stress may prevent the sharing of an accurate prognosis. In the case under consideration, the patient had a frank and open attitude to her cancer yet her caregivers were concerned about continual breeches of patient confidentiality. Despite the many potential problems inherent when the caregiver becomes the patient, this case discussion was a poignant reminder of the unique challenges of every experience with cancer and the weighty privilege of being involved with patient care.
The TLR‐independent DNA recognition pathway in murine macrophages: Ligand features and molecular signature (2009)

Recognition of foreign DNA by cytosolic innate immune receptors triggers the production of IFN-beta. However, it is unclear whether different types of DNA ligands are recognized by similar receptors and whether the resulting response is distinct from the endosomal TLR response. To address these questions, we compared the two most commonly used types of DNA ligands (IFN-stimulatory DNA (ISD) and poly(dAdT)) and assessed the minimal structural requirements for stimulatory capacity in RAW264.7 cells. Gene expression signatures and competition experiments suggest that ISD and poly(dAdT) are qualitatively indistinguishable and differ from the CpG-containing oligonucleotides triggering the TLR9 pathway. Structure - activity relationship analyses revealed that a minimal length of two helical turns is sufficient for ISD-mediated IFN-beta induction, while phosphorylation at the 5'-end is dispensable. Altogether, our data suggest that, in murine macrophages, only one major cytosolic DNA recognition pathway is operational.
The Growth and Stability of Voids in Irradiated Metals (1970)

A model has been developed to describe the kinetics of void growth in metals during irradiation which explicitly includes the presence of both migrating interstitials and vacancies. It is clear that void growth can occur only when an excess flux of vacancies arrives at the void surface and this can be achieved by taking into account the preferred drift of the interstitials to the dislocation sinks as a result of the long-range size effect interaction. Results of numerical calculations of the vacancy and interstitial average concentration in stainless steel and molybdenum irradiated under typical fast reactor conditions are presented, and these are used to calculate void growth rates as a function of temperature. It is shown that the void growth rate goes through a maximum when plotted against temperature and this is consistent with the experimental swelling data. During the early stages of irradiation, when the number of point defects arriving at voids is negligible compared with those being lost at other sinks, the swelling rate is proportional to (t)3 (t = time). Cold work has a beneficial effect in the early stages of irradiation by reducing the void growth rates, but it could have a deleterious effect over a long term by prolonging the period over which the swelling follows the rapid (t)3 law.
[A rare course of retroperitoneal malignant histiocytosis with duodeno-retroperitoneal fistula]. (1989)

A report is given on a 59-year-old female with retroperitoneal malignant histiocytosis and duodeno-retroperitoneal fistula. This had caused extensive autodigestion of the tumour and secondary inflammatory necrosis of the lumbar vertebral bodies. The uncommon finding and its rarity are discussed.
Biodurability of Retrieved Silicone Gel Breast Implants (2003)

This study analyzed the shells of single-lumen silicone gel breast implants within the general context of device durability in vivo. The investigation included the major types of gel-filled implants that were manufactured in the United States in a 30-year period. The implants analyzed were Cronin seamed (two explants and one control), Silastic 0 and Silastic I (18 explants and seven controls), and Silastic II (22 explants and 43 controls). The biodurability of the explants was investigated with measurements of the mechanical and chemical properties of the various types of silicone gel control and explanted shells, with implantation times ranging from 3 months to 32 years. The shell properties measured for the controls and explants included the stress-strain relationships, tensile strength, elongation, tear resistance, moduli, cross-link density, and amount of extractable material in the shell. In addition, the mechanical properties of shells that had been extracted with hexane were analyzed for both explants and control implants. The silicone gel explants investigated in this study included some of the oldest explants of the various major types that have been tested to date. For assessment of long-term implantation effects, the data obtained in this study were combined with all known data from other institutions on the various major types of gel implants. The study also addressed the failure mechanisms associated with silicone gel breast implants. The results of the study demonstrated that silicone gel implants have remained intact for 32 years in vivo and that degradation of the shell mechanical and chemical properties is not a primary mechanism for silicone gel breast implant failure.
Analyzing the effects of high water tables on evapotranspiration from uncultivated land in Colorado's Lower Arkansas River Valley (2008)

The Lower Arkansas River Valley in Southeastern Colorado is an important agricultural region. More than a century of intensive irrigation has raised the water table of the region causing several agroecological problems including water logging, soil salinization, and leaching of selenium into waterways. These issues could be addressed, in part, through improving irrigation practices, lining irrigation canals, and other strategies that lower the water table. A lower water table may increase crop productivity in some areas, and it is expected to reduce the ground water gradient that drives return flows, along with dissolved and mobilized salt and selenium loads, back to the river. A lower water table is also likely to reduce non-beneficial evapotranspiration (ET) from naturally-vegetated, fallow, and retired fields. Various studies in the literature suggest that a lower water table tends to produce lower ET rates, but a quantitative analysis is lacking for conditions that are representative of the uncultivated lands in the Arkansas River Valley. The primary goal of this project is to determine the relationship between ET and ground water depth as well as other site properties for uncultivated regions in the Arkansas Valley. Two field sites were selected for detailed study. One site is a retired farm field near the Arkansas River that has a shallow water table due to nearby irrigation. The other site is a naturally-vegetated area at the edge of the alluvial valley that has a shallow water table due to its proximity to an irrigation canal. Both sites are dominated by natural grasses and forbs. Tamarisk and trees were avoided for this study. ET was calculated at a 30 m resolution from LandSat satellite imagery using the Remote Sensing of Evapotranspiration (ReSET) energy balance method. This method also produces estimates of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Ratio (NDVI), which is a measure of vegetation greenness, at the same resolution. Water table depths were measured with a total of 58 monitoring wells divided between the two sites. Other variables were measured in the field including gravimetric soil moisture at 0.30 m, 0.61 m, 0.91 m, and 1.22 m depths, ground water salinity, and soil salinity. Water balance analyses indicate that groundwater upflux contributes between 65% and 70% of the total ET during the growing season at these sites. Clear relationships between ET and water table depth at one of the two sites also suggest that ET rates drop with lower water tables. Further study is needed to put firm values on the water savings that might be achievable for the region if the water table was lowered.
Sources of modeling software (2007)

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