gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of huntingtin in the adult mouse leads to progressive behavioral deficits, bilateral thalamic calcification, and altered brain iron homeostasis (2017)

Huntington's Disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive, behavioral and motor dysfunctions. HD is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in exon 1 of the HD gene that is translated into an expanded polyglutamine tract in the encoded protein, huntingtin (HTT). While the most significant neuropathology of HD occurs in the striatum, other brain regions are also affected and play an important role in HD pathology. To date there is no cure for HD, and recently strategies aiming at silencing HTT expression have been initiated as possible therapeutics for HD. However, the essential functions of HTT in the adult brain are currently unknown and hence the consequence of sustained suppression of HTT expression is unpredictable and can potentially be deleterious. Using the Cre-loxP system of recombination, we conditionally inactivated the mouse HD gene homologue at 3, 6 and 9 months of age. Here we show that elimination of Htt expression in the adult mouse results in behavioral deficits, progressive neuropathological changes including bilateral thalamic calcification, and altered brain iron homeostasis.
Infiltration of Lead Base Alloys into Aluminum Base Sintered Materials (1974)

In order to infiltrate lead base alloys into aluminum base sintered materials by the contact infiltration method, in which the infiltrants are contacted with skeletons, stable oxide films of alumina, which have little wettability to liquid metals on the internal surface of pores in the skeletons must be eliminated from the internal surface.In this experiments, copper powder, which is useful to eliminate the alumina films from the internal surface of pores by the occurrence of liquid phase in the skeletons during the infiltrating process, was added 5% in weight to aluminum powder, as the raw material for making the skeletons. Moreover, tin was conbined from 0% to 50% by weight into the lead infiltrant in order to improve the wettability between the liquid infiltrants and the skeletons.First, infiltrations into the skeleton were performed at 580°C for 30 min in pure hydrogen atmosphere having -40°C of dew point. Unfortunately, any infiltrants could not fully get into the skeletons.Then, in the next, the infiltrations were performed again into the skeletons sintered under the eutectic temperature of 548°C in order to occur a large quantity of eutectic liquid of Al-33%Cu in the skeletons during the heating of infiltrating process, expecting the liquid infiltrants were drown into the pores by "prime effect" of the eutectic liquid. Consequently, satisfactory results were obtained, that is, infiltrating ratio was more than 90% when the infiltrant had a composition of Pb-50%Sn.
Lattice Energies, Equilibrium Distances, Compressibilities and Characteristic Frequencies of Alkali Halide Crystals (1937)

Constants in the Born and Mayer exponential expression for the repulsion between two ions have been recalculated. Using these, the lattice energies and equilibrium distances between ions have been recomputed, for alkali halide crystals. Expressions have been derived and tested for the calculation of the compressibility and the characteristic maximum infrared frequency. The relation between these two quantities is shown to be approximated by an empirical equation proposed by Madelung.
Improved Acquisition in Phase-Locked Loops with Sawtooth Phase Detectors (1982)

Phase-locked loops are frequently used to estimate bit timing in baseband digital transmission systems. The investigation reported here examines the applicability of a frequency-sensitive phase detector to timing estimation of randomized data. A new edge-triggered sawtooth phase detector is described. The reduced magnitude of circuit-induced imperfections made possible by the new detector, in conjunction with the little-known frequency discrimination characteristic of the sawtooth detector, is shown to allow significant improvements to acquisition performance. A potential problem with this and other phase-locked loops, falselock, is studied experimentally, and techniques for avoiding it are discussed.
Calf birth weight and its association with calf and cow survivability, disease incidence, reproductive performance, and milk production (2009)

The hypothesis was that calf birth weight (CBW) and a cow calf index [CCI; (calf weight/cow height at parturition) x 100] would be associated with calf and cow survivability, disease incidence, reproductive performance, and milk production. Data were collected in a prospective cohort study from one commercial dairy milking 2,800 Holsteins in upstate NY from March 2007 to August 2007. Animals were enrolled at parturition until 1,245 calvings were available for analysis. Data consisted of on-farm measurements of morbidity, mortality, and performance, and data were analyzed using a series of multivariable models including ANOVA and time-to-event analysis. A higher CBW and a higher CCI were associated with greater odds of lameness. Compared with the lowest quartile of CBW, the odds of the dam becoming subsequently lame increased as the CBW quartiles increased from 2 to 4; odds ratio = 1.5, 2.7, 3.6, respectively. Compared with the lowest quartile of CCI, the odds of the dam becoming subsequently lame increased as the CCI quartiles increased from 2 to 4; odds ratio = 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, respectively. Assistance during parturition was associated with higher CBW and with higher CCI. Calves born from assisted parturition had significantly higher CBW (CBW = 43.7 kg) and CCI (CCI = 31.4) compared with calves born from nonassisted parturition (CBW = 41.5 kg and CCI = 29.7). Neither CBW nor the CCI were associated with stillbirth incidence, calf mortality past 12 h of life, cow reproduction, or cow survival. We concluded that CBW, and especially the ratio of CBW to dam size, can be associated with some downstream effects, e.g., obstetrical assistance, lameness events, and milk production.
Highly Selective Uptake and Release of Charged Molecules by pH‐Responsive Polydopamine Microcapsules (2011)

A systematic study of the permeation of small molecules through Pdop microcapsules is reported. The zwitterionic Pdop microcapsules are prepared by oxidative polymerization of dopamine on polystyrene microspheres followed by core removal with THF. Rhodamine 6G, methyl orange and alizarin red are chosen as differently charged probing dyes. The loading amount is affected by pH and dye concentration. Highly selective and unidirectional uptake and release of charged molecules through Pdop microcapsules can be achieved by controlling pH value: at low pH, the Pdop particles incorporate cationic dye (rhodamine 6G); at high pH, they incorporate anionic dyes (methyl orange and alizarin red). In each case, the uptake is highly selective.
Path-Tracking Control of an Autonomous 4WS4WD Electric Vehicle Using Its Natural Feedback Loops (2015)

A four-wheel steering four-wheel drive electric vehicle has a steering motor and a driving motor for each wheel, for a total of eight motors. Almost all of the existing path-tracking controllers for this vehicle are designed by viewing the mathematical model of the vehicle as the system of equations ẋ = f(x,u), y = h(x,u), and are mathematically sophisticated. In contrast, this brief presents a block diagrammatic representation of the model, and exploits the natural feedback loops revealed through this representation to develop two novel and useful results: 1) a mathematically simpler path-tracking controller that promises to be easier to tune and 2) a constraint on the wheel accelerations that helps constrain the wheel slips to a desired value. Simulations illustrate this solution.
Recent Advances in Catalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural (2019)

Furfural has been considered as one of the most promising platform molecules directly derived from biomass. The hydrogenation of furfural is one of the most versatile reactions to upgrade furanic components to biofuels. For instance, it can lead to plenty of downstream products, such as (tetrahydro)furfuryl alcohol, 2-methyl(tetrahydro)furan, lactones, levulinates, cyclopentanone(l), or diols, etc. The aim of this review is to discuss recent advances in the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural towards (tetrahydro)furfuryl alcohol and 2-methyl(tetrahydro)furan in terms of different non-noble metal and noble metal catalytic systems. Reaction mechanisms that are related to the different catalytic materials and reaction conditions are properly discussed. Selective hydrogenation of furfural could be modified not only by varying the types of catalyst (nature of metal, support, and preparation method) and reaction conditions, but also by altering the reaction regime, namely from batch to continuous flow. In any case, furfural catalytic hydrogenation is an open research line, which represents an attractive option for biomass valorization towards valuable chemicals and fuels.
X.—NEW BOOKS (1952)

X.—NEW BOOKS Get access The Explanation of Human Behaviour. By F. V. SMITH. London: Constable, 1951. Pp. 267. 18s. ROBERT THOMASON ROBERT THOMASON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXI, Issue 242, April 1952, Pages 292–295, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXI.242.292 Published: 01 April 1952
UV Curable Elastomeric Materials (2009)

Abstract : Elastomeric coatings used for aerospace applications typically contain volatile organic compounds (VOC) and hazardous air pollutants (HAP) such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, or xylene at levels as high as 600 g/L. Despite this fact, these coatings are currently exempt from 1998 National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) due to the lack of a suitable low-VOC substitute as well as their low usage volume at the time the regulation was drafted and passed. Since that time, the requirement for use in aerospace applications of these coatings has substantially increased. Over the next decade, the U.S. military plans to deploy several new weapons systems that use elastomeric coatings and technology to retrofit several existing systems, including the use of elastomeric coatings to improve the performance of the aircraft. As a result, the emission of VOC from elastomeric coatings is expected to increase to about 2 million pounds per year. In addition to environmental issues, the process for applying elastomeric coatings is time and labor intensive due to the relatively thick coatings that are applied. The required thickness is achieved by applying multiple layers. Applying these coating to an aircraft or missile weapon system is a very cumbersome process and usually requires multiple shifts. The objective of this program is the demonstration and validation of innovative technologies that will result in a nearly 100% reduction of VOC emissions from an elastomeric coating spray application. The coating resin used in this program was developed by Foster-Miller, Inc. (FMI) in part under Strategic Environmental Research and Development (SERDP) funding (WP-1180). This specific resin was chosen based on its potential ability to allow cure of thick layers of filled formulations.
Artificial intelligence Internet of Things: A new paradigm of distributed sensor networks (2022)

The advances and convergence in sensor, information processing, and communication technologies have shaped the Internet of Things of today. The rapid increase of data and service requirements brings new challenges for Internet of Thing. Emerging technologies and intelligent techniques can play a compelling role in prompting the development of intelligent architectures and services in Internet of Things to form the artificial intelligence Internet of Things. In this article, we give an introduction and review recent developments of artificial intelligence Internet of Things, the various artificial intelligence Internet of Things computational frameworks and highlight the challenges and opportunities for effective deployment of artificial intelligence Internet of Things technology to address complex problems for various applications. This article surveys the recent developments and discusses the convergence of artificial intelligence and Internet of Things from four aspects: (1) architectures, techniques, and hardware platforms for artificial intelligence Internet of Things; (2) sensors, devices, and energy approaches for artificial intelligence Internet of Things; (3) communication and networking for artificial intelligence Internet of Things; and (4) applications for artificial intelligence Internet of Things. The article also discusses the combination of smart sensors, edge computing, and software-defined networks as enabling technologies for the artificial intelligence Internet of Things.
A Two-Mode (De)Multiplexer Based on Multimode Interferometer Coupler and Y-Junction on InP Substrate (2016)

A two-mode (de)multiplexer [(DE)MUX] based on a multimode interferometer coupler and a symmetric Y-junction coupler is proposed and demonstrated on an InP substrate. By introducing a phase shifter section with a thickness-detuned core layer, a miniature two-mode (DE)MUX with mode conversion of 100% is designed and demonstrated. Simulation shows that the total length of the device can be as small as 446 μm: much shorter than other mode (DE) MUX in InP materials. Within the entire C-band wavelength range, the calculated insertion loss of the device is less than 0.7 dB, and the crosstalk is below -24 dB. A mode (DE) MUX was fabricated in InP materials, and the mode conversion of the TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> modes were successfully demonstrated.
Galanin receptors and actions (2004)

Galanin is a neuropeptide and putative neurotransmitter that is expressed by neurons in the brain, spinal cord and ganglia of the peripheral autonomic nervous system. Three cloned receptor subtypes mediate the actions ofgalanin. Galanin is generally inhibitory at the level of single neuronal elements in the nervous system. Binding of galanin to its receptors on neuronal cell bodies leads to elevated potassium conductance, membrane hyperpolarization and suppression of excitability. Activation of galaninergic receptors at transmitter release sites on axons inhibits the release of neurotransmitter and suppresses synaptic transmission. Emergent effects of the two inhibitory actions at the integrated circuit level of organization include alterations in cognition and memory in the brain, involvement in the processing of nociceptive information in the spinal cord and alterations of motility and secretory beharior in the gastrointestinal tract. The galanin receptor subtypes are logical drug targets for development of selective agonists and antagonists.
The Ketogenic Diet in Pediatric Epilepsy (1998)

Although the ketogenic diet (KD) was first proposed as treatment for epilepsy in 1921, it fell into disuse with the advent of commercially available antiepileptic medications. Over the past decade, there has been renewed interest in the KD for those patients whose epilepsy is refractory to standard anticonvulsant therapy. Although the KD has met with some success, effectiveness depends on a working knowledge of the diet by all health care providers, proper patient selection, and strict adherence to the diet by the patient, patient's family, and those interacting with the child (ie, bus drivers, teachers, and friends). Although the classical KD has existed for >75 years, the exact mechanism of action remains elusive. Likewise, little information exists to serve as a guideline for newcomers to this therapeutic modality. The purpose of this article is to provide health care professionals with practical knowledge concerning the KD and its role in the treatment of epilepsy.
Applications of RFID to Improve Traceability in Continuous Processes (2010)

The fragility of the transponders was beforehand thought as a limitation when considering various RFID applications. However, the described applications in continuous processes have shown that transponders can be designed to survive blasting, crushing, extreme temperatures and large shear forces. Therefore, we argue that the transponder fragility should not be seen as a limitation for most uses. However, designing transponders that survive in high temperature processes are still thought to be problematic or even impossible. In some continuous processes, for example the paper industry, the transponder may be a contaminating factor in subsequent process stages. However, if the whole process is kept in mind when choosing and developing the transponder the contamination can be avoided like in, for example, the sawmill process. The selection and development of a suitable transponder may be expensive and time consuming. When transponders are dropped directly in the product flow the orientation between the reader antenna and the transponder antenna cannot be controlled. For some application all orientation may not be readable and some transponders may pass the reader without being read. By serially mount readers at different orientations in relation to the passage of the product flow, like in the pellets distribution chain, a higher fraction of transponders can be read. A low read rate implies more costs either in an increased demand of transponders or number of readers to be mounted. However, a low read rate does not imply that RFID has to be abandon as an application. Installing a reader in some continuous process may demand that the process is stopped during the installation or that the installation must be done during a maintenance stop. Therefore, the installation may be costly or limited to a specific time and making changes to an installed reader may be both difficult and costly. Simulations may provide information that can be used to reduce the risk for the need to modify an installation and thereby the cost of an installation. The production process in continuous processes is often highly automated and richly instrumented. An RFID application may affect or be affected by an existing instrument, and unexpected problems may occur similar to the problems with the metal detection equipment in the sawmill process. Hence, before an RFID application is installed it is recommended to perform a risk evaluation in an attempt to identify potential risks with the installation. To predict all potential risks for problems connected to an RFID application is complicated. Therefore, it could be wise to be cautious and initiate the application stepwise in an attempt to minimize the consequences of unexpected problems. One factor limiting the use of RFID is the physical size of the transponders. Today the size of the transponders may limit the use of RFID to trace the movement to particles 10 millimetres. Another factor limiting the use is the read range, with longer read range the transponder position could be more thoroughly followed and new applications would be
Mutations in the <i>Drosophila</i> Gene Encoding Ribosomal Protein S6 Cause Tissue Overgrowth (1993)

We have characterized two P-element-induced, lethal mutations in Drosophila melanogaster which affect the larval hemocytes, mediators of the insect immune response. Each mutant displays larval melanotic tumors characteristic of mutations affecting the insect cellular immune system, and the moribund animals develop grossly hypertrophied hematopoietic organs because of increased cell proliferation and extra rounds of endoreduplication in some hematopoietic cells. Surprisingly, these mutations are due to P element insertions in the 5' regulatory region of the Drosophila gene encoding ribosomal protein S6 and cause a reduction of S6 transcript abundance in mutant larvae.
Objects in Action: An Approach for Combining Action Understanding and Object Perception (2007)

Analysis of videos of human-object interactions involves understanding human movements, locating and recognizing objects and observing the effects of human movements on those objects. While each of these can be conducted independently, recognition improves when interactions between these elements are considered. Motivated by psychological studies of human perception, we present a Bayesian approach which unifies the inference processes involved in object classification and localization, action understanding and perception of object reaction. Traditional approaches for object classification and action understanding have relied on shape features and movement analysis respectively. By placing object classification and localization in a video interpretation framework, we can localize and classify objects which are either hard to localize due to clutter or hard to recognize due to lack of discriminative features. Similarly, by applying context on human movements from the objects on which these movements impinge and the effects of these movements, we can segment and recognize actions which are either too subtle to perceive or too hard to recognize using motion features alone.
Sidetracking experiences in hot granitic wellbores (1981)

In the development of the first Hot Dry Rock (HDR) geothermal energy extraction system at Fenton Hill, west of Los Alamos, New Mexico, man-made reservoirs were created by connecting two holes in hot, impermeable crystalline rock with hydraulically-produced fractures. This system consists of two near-vertical, 24.5-cm (9-5/8-in.) diameter holes approximately 3 km (10,000 ft) deep in Precambrian basement rock, at a bottom-hole temperature of 200/sup 0/C (400/sup 0/F). In order to improve the connection between the wellbores, the production hole was sidetracked to intercept the fracture zone at a more favorable depth. Two successful sidetrack operations were accomplished in 1977, utilizing cement plugs, underreaming, Dyna-Drills, and both button and diamond bits. Drilling of the second larger, commercial-sized reservoir system began in 1979 and consists of two boreholes drilled to a depth of 4 km (15,000 ft) at an angle of 35/sup 0/ from the vertical, which will be connected by a series of hydraulic fractures extending across the 400-m-(1200-ft) vertical separation of the two holes. Sidetracking to bypass a stuck bottom-hole assembly was accomplished through the use of a whipstock device, Dyna-Drills, and button bits. This paper is presented as a case history of the efforts involved to achieve successful sidetracking in hot granitic wellbores.
Detection and reconstruction of buildings for a 3-D landscape model of Switzerland (2000)

The paper presents approaches both for the detection as well as the coarse reconstruction of buildings from middle scale aerial images (scale approx.1:15'800) with the use of only one single stereo pair and no additional data from laser or infrared imagery.In a first step the buildings have to be approximatively located.In order to exclude the disturbing vegetation, an unsupervised classification is applied to separate vegetation areas from man-made image parts.Height values caused by vegetation are removed from a normalized surface model (nDSM) in which the buildings are detected by search of connected groups of rasterpoints above ground.Edge detection and determination of correspondences allow to calculate 3-D edges.With unsupervised K-means klassification the main building surfaces are determined and their spatial equation is calculated in a least squares adjustment using the reconstructed 3-D edges as well as elevation values from the digital surface model (DSM).Determination of four keypoints for each key surface and addition of walls leads to a coarse 3-D building model.