gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polynomial time algorithm for checking strong equivalence of program (2012)

Strong (logic&term) equivalence of programs is the weakest decidable equivalence relation which approximates the functional equivalence of programs. In this paper we develop a new variant of the algorithm for checking strong equivalence of programs. A distinguished feature of our algorithm is that it relies completely on the algebra of finite substitutions which includes the operations of composition and antiunification. The paper begins with a short introduction to the theory of first-order substitutions. In the next section the formal first-order model of sequential programs and strong equivalence are defined. We also describe a preliminary variant of equivalence checking algorithm. This algorithm deals with composition and antiunification operations on finite substitutions. Since the complexity of these operations depends on data structures that represent substitutions, we consider in Section 4 graph-theoretic representations of substitutions as well as upper and lower bounds on the complexity of basic operations on substitutions. To reduce the complexity of equivalence checking algorithm for sequential programs we introduce in Section 5 a new class of truncated substitutions and study the basic algebraic properties of composition and antiunification operations on truncated substitutions. In Section 6 we showed that both operations on truncated substitutions can be performed in time O(n^2). Finally, in Section 7 using the properties of truncated substitutions we introduced an improved version of the equivalence checking algorithm and proved that its time complexity is O(n^6) on the size of programs to be checked.
Nondestructive optical characterization of KH 2 PO 4 crystals heterogeneities and adapted excimer laser conditioning process (2005)

The high-power Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) for inertial confinement fusion experiments that is currently under construction at CEA-CESTA in France will require a high number of large aperture Pockels cells and frequency converters made of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and DKDP (Deuterated KDP). These optical components will be operated several times a year at fluences close to their Laser Induced Damage Threshold (LIDT) which may reduce significantly their lifetime and increase substantially the maintenance costs of the LMJ. In a global effort to reduce these costs we have designed the SOCRATE facility as a complete system for materials characterization, LIDT measurement and optics conditioning by laser to increase their lifetime. In this paper we examine the relevance of adapting the laser conditioning process to the bulk KDP quality. First the existence of heterogeneities in large KDP crystals is stressed; next the LIDTs in the different parts of the crystals using focused or collimated beams are compared. Finally we focus on the efficiency of the excimer conditioning process in the different growth sectors of KDP samples and demonstrate that for the current conditioning process the efficiency depends only weakly on the original material heterogeneities.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Enantiomerically Pure Protected 4‐Oxo‐α‐amino Acids and 3‐Aryl‐α‐amino Acids from Serine. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New insights into intrinsic foot muscle morphology and composition using ultra-high-field (7-Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging. (2020)

Abstract Background: The intrinsic muscles of the foot are key contributors to foot function and are important to evaluate in lower limb disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), provides a non-invasive option to measure muscle morphology and composition, which are primary determinants of muscle function. Ultra-high-field (7-T) magnetic resonance imaging provides sufficient signal to evaluate the morphology of the intrinsic foot muscles, and, when combined with chemical-shift sequences, measures of muscle composition can be obtained. Here we aim to provide a proof-of-concept method for measuring intrinsic foot muscle morphology and composition with high-field MRI. Methods: One healthy female (age 39 years, mass 65 kg, height 1.73 m) underwent MRI. A T1-weighted VIBE – radio-frequency spoiled 3D steady state GRE – sequence of the whole foot was acquired on a Siemens 7T MAGNETOM scanner, as well as a 3T MAGNETOM Prisma scanner for comparison. A high-resolution fat/water separation image was also acquired using a 3D 2-point DIXON sequence at 7T. Coronal plane images from 3T and 7T scanners were compared. Using 3D Slicer software, regions of interest were manually contoured for each muscle on 7T images. Muscle volumes and percentage of muscle fat infiltration were calculated (muscle fat infiltration % = Fat/(Fat+Water) x100) for each muscle. Results: Compared to the 3T images, the 7T images provided superior resolution, particularly at the forefoot, to facilitate segmentation of individual muscles. Muscle volumes ranged from 1.5 cm 3 and 19.8 cm 3 , and percentage muscle fat infiltration ranged from 9.2% to 15.0%. Conclusion: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a feasible method of quantifying muscle morphology and composition for individual intrinsic foot muscles using advanced high-field MRI techniques. This method can be used in future studies to better understand intrinsic foot muscle morphology and composition in healthy individuals, as well as those with lower disorders.
Structural Tracking of a Bimolecular Reaction in Solution by Time‐Resolved X‐Ray Scattering (2009)

Molecular movies: Time-resolved X-ray scattering provides direct structural information on an electronically excited complex while it is formed in the bimolecular reaction between excited octahydrogen[tetrakis-mu-diphosphito-1kappaP:2kappaP'-diplatinate](4-) (PtPOP*) and thallium ions. In the exciplex one thallium(I) and two platinum(II) ions are found to be collinear.
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of a New Model of Arylpiperazines. 8. Computational Simulation of Ligand−Receptor Interaction of 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>R Agonists with Selectivity over α<sub>1</sub>-Adrenoceptors (2005)

We have designed and synthesized a new series of arylpiperazines V exhibiting high 5-HT(1A)R affinity and selectivity over alpha(1)-adrenoceptors. The new selective 5-HT(1A)R ligands contain a hydantoin (m = 0) or diketopiperazine (m = 1) moiety and an arylpiperazine moiety separated by one methylene unit (n = 1). The aryl substituent of the piperazine moiety (Ar) consists of different benzofused rings mimicking the favorable voluminous substituents at ortho and meta positions predicted by 3D-QSAR analysis in the previously reported series I. In particular, (S)-2-[[4-(naphth-1-yl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl]-1,4-dioxoperhydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine [(S)-9, CSP-2503] (5-HT(1A), K(i) = 4.1 nM; alpha(1), K(i) > 1000 nM) has been pharmacologically characterized as a 5-HT(1A)R agonist at somatodendritic and postsynaptic sites, endowed with anxiolytic properties. Ligand (S)-9 is predicted, in computer simulations, to bind Asp(3.32) in TMH 3, Thr(5.39) and Ser(5.42) in TMH 5, and Trp(6.48) in TMH 6. We propose that agonists modify, by means of an explicit hydrogen bond, the conformation of Trp(6.48) from pointing toward TMH 7, in the inactive gauche+ conformation, to pointing toward the ligand binding site, in the active trans conformation.
Isotope effect for associative detachment:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>D</mml:mtext><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mtext>D</mml:mtext><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mtext>H</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:msub><mml:mtext>D</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>e</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2012)

We report experimental and theoretical results for associative detachment (AD) of ${\mathrm{D}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{D}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{D}}_{2}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. We compare these data to our previously published results for ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}+\mathrm{H}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{H}}_{2}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. The measurements show no significant isotope effect in the total cross section. This is to be contrasted with previously published experimental and theoretical work which has found a significant isotope effect in diatomic systems for partial AD cross sections, i.e., as a function of the rotational and vibrational levels of the final molecule formed. Our work implies that though the rovibrational distribution of flux is different for AD of H${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ $+$ H and D${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ $+$ D, the total flux for these two systems is essentially the same when summed over all possible final channels.
Therapy of a murine sarcoma using syngeneic monoclonal antibody. (1983)

Syngeneic monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to Moloney sarcoma cells (MSC) were produced by fusion of spleen cells from MSC regressor mice to myeloma SP2/0. MoAb 244-19A, an immunoglobulin G2b, bound to MSC cells and did not bind to two other sarcomas (K-BALB and Ha2), a carcinoma (Line 1), a fibroblast (A31) or a fibroblast infected with C-type virus (A31-Moloney leukemia virus). In contrast, MoAb 271-1A bound to the MSC and Ha2 sarcoma and line 1 carcinoma as well as to the normal and infected fibroblast cultures. Antibodies were tested for therapeutic effect using three schedules of antibody injection. Injection i.p. of ascites fluid containing 244-19A MoAb given on Days-1, 0, and +1 relative to tumor cell injection increased life span significantly over that of control animals given injections (P3, immunoglobulin G, or MoAb 271-1A) and produced some seven of 19, one of five, and one of five long-term survivors in three separate experiments. Antibody given to animals with established tumors (4 days after implantation) also prolonged life span significantly and produced three of nine long-term survivors. Antibody given to animals with very large tumor burdens (10 days after implantation) did not prolong life span significantly. Optimal dose, schedule, and mechanism studies concerning this therapy are in progress.
Pickerill Field geophysical reservoir analysis (1994)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994Pickerill Field geophysical reservoir analysisAuthors: Geoffrey DomK. TubmanD. CookeR. O'ConnorC. HawkesGeoffrey DomARCO Exploration & Production Technology, K. TubmanARCO Exploration & Production Technology, D. CookeARCO Exploration & Production Technology, R. O'ConnorARCO Exploration & Production Technology, and C. HawkesARCO Exploration & Production Technologyhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932000 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932000FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1994ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1994 Pages: 1679 publication data© 1994 Copyright © 1994 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Geoffrey Dom, K. Tubman, D. Cooke, R. O'Connor, and C. Hawkes, (1994), "Pickerill Field geophysical reservoir analysis," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 804-804. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1932000 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Orthopedic surgery in children with intrathecal baclofen pumps (2013)

No evidence was found to indicate that children who have a baclofen pump implanted at a young age have fewer orthopedic surgeries than those who have a baclofen pump implanted at later ages.
Approximate analytic expressions for TWT propagation constants (1958)

An approximate factorization of the traveling-wave-tube (TWT) equation for the propagation constants is obtained by observing that the unattenuated wave is approximately a hyperbola for a lossless circuit. Analytic expressions for gain are also found.
Dopamine Transporter Changes in Neuropsychiatric Disorders (1997)

The highest concentrations of dopamine transporters (DATs) are found in the basal ganglia, corresponding to the amount of dopamine (DA) nerve terminals in this brain region. Numerous studies demonstrating parallel losses of DA levels and DAT after lesions of nigrostriatal DA neurons suggest that the density of DAT is an excellent marker of the structural integrity of the dopaminergic system. In vivo imaging of DAT has been performed mainly in patients with Parkinson's disease to demonstrate the marked loss of nigrostriatal DA nerve terminals in this disorder. However, positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of DAT have been shown to be useful in various other neurodegenerative disorders, including Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND), Rett syndrome, Tourette's syndrome, stimulant abuse, and progressive supranuclear palsy. A marked reduction of striatal DAT densities has been reported in methamphetamine treated animals. In baboon studies with methamphetamine treatment, a dose-related reduction in DAT densities occurs. These studies are followed by postmortem analysis of neurochemical parameters. In recent years, the synthetic amphetamine analogue methcathinone (2-methylamino-1-phenylpropanone, ephedrone, “Cat”) has emerged as a recreational drug of abuse. In animals, methcathinone, like methamphetamine, produces toxic effects on brain DA and serotonin neurons. Moreover, studies in human subjects with a history of methcathinone abuse suggest a DAT decline as well.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANS ALKENES BY STEREOSELECTIVE REDUCTION OF α‐PH2PO KETONES: E‐ISOSAFROLE, E‐ANETHOLE, AND FENICULIN (1984)

Abstract Wittig‐Horner‐Reaktion des Phosphinoxids (I) mit den Estern (II) führt zu den Ketonen (III), die mit Natriumboranat unter hoher Stereoselektivität zu den threo‐Alkoholen (IV) reduziert werden.
Guidance for Processing Smoked Seafood in Retail Operations (1969)

This recommended guidance is for processing smoked seafood (hot or cold smoked) either as a whole item orin portions, and packaged for display in refrigerated cases for public sale. This document is FSHN05-03, one of a series of the Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Published: February 2005. FSHN0503/FS111: Guidance for Processing Smoked Seafood in Retail Operations (ufl.edu)
Contrail Cirrus Coverage and Radiative Forcing derived from Satellite Data (2006)

Air-traffic has an impact on cirrus cloud cover and consequently the radiation budget of the earth-atmosphere system. This work examines the impact of air-traffic on cirrus coverage as well as the first time direct on outgoing flux density on top of the atmosphere (TOA) using simultaneous observations from Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) SEVIRI instrument and high spatial and temporal resolution air-traffic data from EUROCONTROL (European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation). The study shows significant correlations between air-traffic density on the one side and cirrus coverage, outgoing long and short wave radiant flux densities on the other side. The relation between air traffic and radiant fluxes depends strongly on daytime and season
Impact of a Commercial Reference Laboratory Test Recurrence Score on Decision Making in Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2007)

A weak correlation was found between RS and both patient age and tumor size, modest correlation between RS and tumor grade, and modest correlation between RS and 10-year recurrence as determined by Adjuvant! Online. For 21% and 25% of patients, knowledge of the RS changed the clinicians' treatment recommendations and eventual treatment, respectively. The decision to change from hormone therapy to chemotherapy (with or without hormone therapy) was generally associated with high RS (high distant recurrence risk as determined by the commercial reference laboratory test), whereas the decision to change from chemotherapy to hormone therapy was generally associated with low RS (low distant recurrence risk as determined by the commercial reference laboratory test). Knowledge of the RS changed treatment recommendations and eventual treatment in patients with ER-positive/LN-negative early-stage breast cancer. Use of genomic-based prognosis may result in more accurate estimates of true recurrence risk than currently possible with commonly used prognostic factors (such as patient age, tumor size, and tumor grade) alone and thus lead to an increase in appropriate adjuvant therapy decision making.
The Relative Reactivity of Thioethers and Sulfoxides toward Oxygen Transfer Reagents: The Oxidation of Thianthrene 5-Oxide and Related Compounds by MoO5HMPT (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Relative Reactivity of Thioethers and Sulfoxides toward Oxygen Transfer Reagents: The Oxidation of Thianthrene 5-Oxide and Related Compounds by MoO5HMPTMarcella Bonchio, Valeria Conte, Maria Assunta De Conciliis, Fulvio Di Furia, Francesco Paolo Ballistreri, Gaetano Andrea Tomaselli, and Rosa Maria ToscanoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 14, 4475–4480Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00119a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00119a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Field Adsorption of Helium on Tungsten (1986)

Using atom-probe spectroscopy we measured the activation energy for desorption and the position of He on W for fields between 3 and 5 V/\AA{}. A tight-binding cluster model with local fields from jellium calculations reproduces the data and gives the image plane as 0.8 \AA{} above the topmost lattice plane. The desorption energy increases by a factor of 20 and the equilibrium position reduces from 3.3 \AA{} in $F=0 \mathrm{to} \ensuremath{\sim}2$ \AA{} in $F>3$ V/\AA{}. This is interpreted as a transition from physisorption to weak field-induced chemisorption.
Reconstruction of Current Unbalance in Full-Size ITER NbTi CICC by Self-Field Measurements (2005)

Methods have been developed to study the distribution of the transport current among the strand bundles of cable-in-conduit conductors (CICC) by using self-field measurements with Hall probe arrays. The unbalance in the transport current is mainly caused by the unavoidable nonuniformity of the joints and can be a reason for a change in the voltage-temperature characteristic and consequently of the temperature margin. In the present study we focus on the reconstruction of the current unbalance in a full size NbTi CICC tested in the SULTAN test facility. The crucial point in the reconstruction procedure is the proper choice of the reference self-field profile corresponding to a uniform current distribution. To achieve this uniform distribution, the conductors were driven far into the current sharing regime. The self-field profile corresponding to the highest achieved voltage level was taken as a reference. This assumption is supported by the modeling of current-sharing runs in the CUDI-CICC network model. Furthermore, local redistribution effects were observed in the conductors at high currents. The current transfer associated with this redistribution is analyzed as well.
Abstract 505: Tethering State Determines High-Density Lipoprotein Action During Macrophage Catabolism of Aggregated Low-Density Lipoprotein (2019)

Objective: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposition, aggregation and retention in the endothelial sub-intima are critical initiating events during atherosclerosis. Macrophages attempt to digest aggregated LDL (agLDL) through a process called exophagy. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an atheroprotective role, but studies attempting to exploit it therapeutically have highlighted gaps in our current understanding of HDL function. Here we characterized the role of HDL during exophagy of agLDL. Approach and Results: We find that atherosclerotic plaque macrophages contact agLDL and form an extracellular digestive compartment similar to that seen in vitro . During macrophage catabolism of tethered agLDL in vitro , HDL can extract free cholesterol directly from agLDL and inhibit macrophage foam cell formation. By contrast, when agLDL is untethered, HDL promotes fragmentation of agLDL and enhances cholesterol uptake. Unlike HDL, cholesterol balanced hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin did not fragment untethered agLDL and could reduce macrophage cholesterol uptake and foam cell formation. Finally, we show that HDL can directly extract free cholesterol but not cholesterol esters from agLDL in absence of cells. Conclusions: Together these results show that the actions of HDL on agLDL catabolism and foam cell formation are dependent on agLDL tethering state, and provide a new context in which to view the complex relationship between HDL and atherosclerosis.
Nitrendipine: An Antidote to Cardiac and Lethal Toxicity of Cocaine (1986)

Nitrendipine, a Ca2+ modulator was tested in the rat as an antagonist to the cardiac toxicity of cocaine and as an antidote to the acute lethal effects of this drug. In a first series of experiments, nitrendipine (1.46 X 10(-3) mg/kg/min) when simultaneously administered intraarterially with cocaine (2 mg/kg/min) suppresses the arrhythmias induced by cocaine and increases survival time from 73 +/- 33 min to 309 +/- 118 min and the lethal dose of cocaine from 146 +/- 66 mg/kg to 618 +/- 236 mg/kg (p less than 0.003). Nitrendipine also protects the heart from the acute morphological lesions induced by cocaine administration and antagonizes some of the central effects of cocaine. In a second series, 5 rats administered 60 mg/kg of cocaine intraperitoneally had a survival time of 8'06 +/- 5'20. Death was attributed to convulsions and respiratory arrest. Animals treated with nitrendipine (129 +/- 23 mg/kg) 4'30" after cocaine administration survived. Nitrendipine appears to have general protective effects against cocaine cardiac toxicity and the acute lethal effects of this alkaloid.