gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AGE AT PUBERTY IN RELATION TO PREPUBERTAL MEASURES OF PFOA – NEW FINDINGS (2011)

Background and Aims: Polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs), such as perfluorooctanate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), have been reported to change mammary gland structure in laboratory animals and pubertal timing in humans. We explored the relationships between serum PFOA and PFOS concentrations and pubertal maturation in young girls. Methods: Within the NIH Breast Cancer and the Environment Research Program, we conducted a study of PFC environmental biomarkers, including PFOA and PFOS, in young girls (age 6-7 years at entry) from two sites (N=688 girls). Pubertal staging (breast and pubic hair) has been conducted by clinicians or trained research staff, every year or more frequently, for as long as six years. Using longitudinal analysis methods (time to event) we studied the relationship between PFOA and PFOS serum concentrations measured at the beginning of the study (2005-2006) with age at pubertal Stage 2. Results: Median serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS differed at the two sites (California: PFOA= 5.8 ng/ml, PFOS=12.5 ng/ml vs. Cincinnati PFOA =7.9 ng/ml, PFOS 14.0 ng/ml). Among girls at the Cincinnati site, we found a statistically significant relationship between PFOA serum concentration and age at Tanner breast Stage 2, and an inverse relationship between PFOS and age when Tanner pubic hair Stage 2 was first noted, with adjustment for race/ethnicity, body mass index percentile for age, caregiver education and mother’s age at menarche. Neither of these relationships reached statistical significance among the girls at the California site. Conclusions: PFOA and PFOS may act as endocrine disruptors, affecting the timing of pubertal maturation in humans. Support for this project provided by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the National Cancer Institute, to the University of Cincinnati/Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Breast Cancer & the Environment Research Center (U01 ES12770), and Center for Environmental Genetics (P30-ES06096).
Role of Copper in the Stereoselective Metal-Promoted Cyclotrimerisation of Polycyclic Alkenes (2002)

Copper-mediated stereoselective cyclotrimerisation of polycyclic alkenes is reported. The mechanism involved provides strong support for the involvement of a CuIII intermediate in cross-coupling reactions of sp2-carbon atoms. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
A Soft Grip: Magnesium Complexes with a Phosphine‐Modified Phosphonium Diylidic Lewis Base (2016)

Simple strategies to obtain magnesium complexes with the soft chelating diylidic ligand [Ph<sub>2</sub> PCHPPh<sub>2</sub> (fluorenylidene)]<sup>-</sup> (dppmflu<sup>-</sup> ) were developed to evaluate the influence of the hard acid (cation) and soft base (anion) mismatch on the stability and reactivity of the formed derivatives. Deprotonation of the precursor Ph<sub>2</sub> PCH<sub>2</sub> PPh<sub>2</sub> (flu) (dppmfluH) by an alkylmagnesium derivative or magnesium amide provided access to [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ-nBu)}<sub>2</sub> ], [Mg(dppmflu){N(SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>2</sub> }], and [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ-Me)}<sub>2</sub> ], which were used as starting materials for further investigations. The reaction of [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ-nBu)}<sub>2</sub> ] with PhSiH<sub>3</sub> in the presence of THF allowed isolation of the magnesium hydride complex [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ-H)(thf)}<sub>2</sub> ] without a stabilizing nitrogen donor ligand. Prolonged heating enforced ligand redistribution and [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ-H)(thf)}<sub>2</sub> ] was converted to [Mg(dppmflu)<sub>2</sub> ] and MgH<sub>2</sub> . The homoleptic derivative [Mg(dppmflu)<sub>2</sub> ], in which the magnesium center is in a very soft ligand environment, can open a THF molecule by frustrated Lewis pair reactivity to give [{Mg(dppmflu)(μ-OC<sub>4</sub> H<sub>8</sub> dppmflu)}<sub>2</sub> ].
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Reduction of 9‐Oxo‐13‐tetradecanolide and 10,10‐Dimethyl‐9‐oxo‐13‐tetradecanolide. (1990)

Abstract The stereoselectivity of the reduction of title substrates (Va) or (Vb) with NaBH 4 is poor yielding the diastereomeric alcohols (VI), (VII) or (VIII), (IX).
Lipoproteins Are Major Targets of the Polyclonal Human T Cell Response to <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2012)

Most vaccines and basic studies of T cell epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis emphasize water-soluble proteins that are secreted into the extracellular space and presented in the context of MHC class II. Much less is known about the role of Ags retained within the cell wall. We used polyclonal T cells from infected humans to probe for responses to immunodominant Ags in the M. tuberculosis cell wall. We found that the magnitude of response to secreted or cell wall intrinsic compounds was similar among healthy controls, patients with latent tuberculosis, and patients with active tuberculosis. Individual responses to secreted Ags and cell wall extract were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.495, p = 0.001), suggesting that T cells responding to cell wall and secreted Ags are present at similar frequency. Surprisingly, T cell stimulatory factors intrinsic to the cell wall partition into organic solvents; however, these responses are not explained by CD1-mediated presentation of lipids. Instead, we find that molecules soluble in organic solvents are dependent upon MHC class II and recognized by IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) T cells. We reasoned that MHC class II-dependent Ags extracting into lipid mixtures might be found among triacylated lipoproteins present in mycobacteria. We used M. tuberculosis lacking prolipoprotein signal peptidase A (lspA), an enzyme required for lipoprotein synthesis, to demonstrate loss of polyclonal T cell responses. Our results demonstrate the use of bacterial genetics to identify lipoproteins as an unexpected and immunodominant class of cell wall-associated Ags targeted by the polyclonal human T cell response to M. tuberculosis.
Resource use and costs in the last year of life among Medicare beneficiaries who died from prostate cancer versus with the disease between 2000 and 2007. (2013)

6631 Background: Prostate cancer is one of the leading sources of overall cancer care costs among men in the United States. Medical resource use and costs associated with prostate cancer care at the end of life, remain poorly understood. Methods: Retrospective analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) -Medicare data was used to characterize changes in resource utilization and health care costs to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) in patients diagnosed with prostate cancer who died of prostate cancer vs. non-prostate causes between 2000 and 2007. Results: A total of 34,727 patients with prostate cancer met study criteria. Patients who died of prostate cancer were significantly more likely to have been diagnosed with incident distant metastatic disease (27% vs. 4%) and had fewer comorbid conditions than patients who died of other causes. In the year prior to death, men who died of prostate cancer had lower mean inpatient costs ($20,769 vs. $29,851), resulting from fewer hospitalizations (1.8 vs. 2.1) and fewer days spent in the hospital (12.2 vs. 15.7) and the ICU (1.4 vs. 3.4) as compared to men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer but died of some other cause (all P< 0.001). Men who died of prostate cancer also had lower rates of SNF utilization (32.8% vs 36.2%) and spent fewer days in SNF institutions (11.7 vs 14.7) (both P< 0.001). Conversely, men who died of prostate cancer were more likely to have enrolled in hospice (62% vs. 28%) with higher mean hospice costs ($5,117 vs. $1,981) (both P< 0.001). The substitution of more hospice care relative to inpatient care for men who died of prostate cancer resulted in lower total health care costs ($42,572 vs. $45,830; P< 0.001) relative to men who died from non-prostate cancer causes. Conclusions: Among men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer who died between 2000 and 2007, those with prostate cancer-specific mortality had lower overall health care costs than those who died from other causes. Less aggressive inpatient care near the end of life may explain the differences in cost. Ongoing investigation of care at the end of life is warranted given recent changes in the treatment landscape of metastatic prostate cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE ANTARAFACIAL STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE THERMAL (1,7)‐SIGMATROPIC HYDROGEN SHIFT (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Keton (I) werden über die angegebenen Stufen die markierten cis‐Isotachysterine (VIIIa) und (VIIIb) synthetisiert, deren thermische Umlagerungsreaktionen untersucht werden [die klassische [l,7]‐sigmatrope Wasserstoff‐Wanderung spielt bei der metabolischen Bildung von Vitamin Deine entscheidende Rolle].
Relationship between nature of vegetable oil, emulsifier and the stability of w/o emulsion (1984)

International Journal of Food Science & TechnologyVolume 19, Issue 6 p. 711-717 Relationship between nature of vegetable oil, emulsifier and the stability of w/o emulsion NISSIM GARTI, NISSIM GARTI Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.Search for more papers by this authorGOUBRAN F. REMON, GOUBRAN F. REMON Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.Search for more papers by this author NISSIM GARTI, NISSIM GARTI Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.Search for more papers by this authorGOUBRAN F. REMON, GOUBRAN F. REMON Casali Institute of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Science and Technology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.Search for more papers by this author First published: December 1984 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb01890.xCitations: 11AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume19, Issue6December 1984Pages 711-717 RelatedInformation
CYCLOTRON ABSORPTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN PLASMA (1962)

The magneto-bremsstrahlung and absorption of plasma is very important both in the energy balance of the plasma and in the particle velocity distribution. The problem of the shape of the magneto-bremsabsorption'' line has not yet been sufficiently studied. The form of the absorption lines in a non- relativistic electron-ion plasma on the basis of very general assumptions concerning the type of particle velocity distribution function. It is shown that consideration of relativistic effects in the thermal motion of particles can lead to a considerable absorption of waves propagation across the magnetic field even in the case of non-relativistic plasma temperatures. As the absorption coefficient x and the refractive indexes n of the electromagnetic waves are expressed in terms of the particle distribution function, experiments on the measurement of n and x cam be used for determining the distribution function. The problem utilizing ion cyclotron resonance for heating the ions in plasma is discussed. It is shown that electromagnetic waves with a frequency equal to double the resonance frequency of the ions can be used effectively for heating the plasma ions. (auth)
Development and Testing of a New Fiber Optic System for Monitoring CO2 Solubility in Aqueous High-Pressure Geological Systems (2014)

A new distributed intrinsic fibre optic sensor has been developed by Intelligent Optical Systems (IOS) for in situ measurement of dissolved CO2 in brines at conditions relevant for applications in groundwater analysis, Carbon Capture and Storage reservoir surveillance, environmental monitoring of sweet/sea water systems and general water remediation applications. Our tests have shown that the sensor can withstand exposure to increased total pressures (up to 350 psi) and provide a stable signal response proportional to dissolved CO2 concentrations in an aqueous solution. This is the first implementation of a distributed optical sensor, which is sensitive to dissolved CO2 concentration or partial pressure of CO2 and also exhibits feasibility to commercially produce lengths relevant for actual reservoir monitoring. In addition, first promising results from high-pressure experiments suggest that the sensor has potential for eventually being used in long-term installations for measuring dissolved CO2 concentrations at different reservoir depths. With regard to carbon sequestration, these first high-pressure experiments represent a first step in the development of a new fibre optic sensor system that can eventually be employed to continuously monitor the reservoir and overlying rock layers for CO2 leaks, quantify the extend of the potential leak and help to take informed decisions regarding remediation and further leak-containment measures.
A non-apoptotic role for caspase-9 in muscle differentiation (2008)

Caspases, a family of cysteine proteases most often investigated for their roles in apoptosis, have also been demonstrated to have functions that are vital for the efficient execution of cell differentiation. One such role that has been described is the requirement of caspase-3 for the differentiation of skeletal myoblasts into myotubes but, as yet, the mechanism leading to caspase-3 activation in this case remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that caspase-9, an initiator caspase in the mitochondrial death pathway, is responsible for the activation of caspase-3 in differentiating C2C12 cells. Reduction of caspase-9 levels, using an shRNA construct, prevented caspase-3 activation and inhibited myoblast fusion. Myosin-heavy-chain expression, which accompanies myoblastic differentiation, was not caspase-dependent. Overexpression of Bcl-xL, a protein that inhibits caspase-9 activation, had the same effect on muscle differentiation as knockdown of caspase-9. These data suggest that the mitochondrial pathway is required for differentiation; however, the release of cytochrome c or Smac (Diablo) could not be detected, raising the possibility of a novel mechanism of caspase-9 activation during muscle differentiation.
UV radiation: aggressive agent to the hair--AFM, a new methodology of evaluation. (2003)

A new method for morphological hair analysis at high resolution and under ambient conditions is presented in this paper. The AFM has been used in these experiments to analyze morphological changes in hair roughness and thickness after UV radiation. Through the powerful analytical AFM tools, changes in hair morphology can be proven. A new quantitative methodology to evaluate hair structure is presented in this paper.
Evaluation of Registration of Ictal SPECT/MRI Data Using Statistical Similarity Methods (2004)

In this study, we evaluated SPECT/MRI registration of ictal data, using similarity based registration methods. An absolute gold standard for registration evaluation was obtained by considering realistic normal and ictal SPECT simulations deduced from a high resolution T1-weighted MRI data set. Those simulations were also used to study the impact of photon attenuation and Compton scatter corrections on registration accuracy. Evaluation of registration was also performed using inconsistency measurements for six patients with temporo-mesial epilepsy. For these data, as no Gold Standard was available, registration accuracy was assessed using inconsistency measurements involving a registration loop between inter-ictal SPECT, ictal SPECT and MRI data. Five registration methods based on statistical similarity measurements were compared, namely: mutual information (MI), normalized mutual information (NMI), L1 and L2 norm-based correlation ratios (CR) and correlation coefficient (CC). It was found that the simulation context had more influence on registration accuracy than the choice of the similarity criterion. Ictal SPECT as well as correction for uniform attenuation clearly decreased SPECT/MRI registration accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution by Enantioselective Dihydroxylation of Secondary Allylic 4‐Methoxybenzoate Esters Using a Mechanistically Designed Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyst. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Overcoming Blocks in Conceptual Design: The Effects of Open Goals and Analogical Similarity on Idea Generation (2008)

Designers have been known to seek analogical inspiration during design ideation. This paper presents an experiment that studies the types of analogies that most impact design creativity, as well as the time during problem solving when it is most effective to seek such analogical stimulation. This experiment showed that new information that was highly similar to the problem affected problem solving even if the information was given before problem solving began. On the other hand, new information that was distantly related to the problem only affected problem solving when it was presented during a break after problem solving had already begun. These results support the idea that open goals increase the likelihood that distantly related information become incorporated into problem solving. Functional principles found in the problem-relevant information given were also found to prime solutions in corresponding categories.
Turbulence suppression for an active noise control microphone placed in a flowfield (1996)

A method which couples a hot-wire sensor with a microphone to eliminate flow-induced pseudonoise from the microphone signal was developed. In these experiments, a microphone and a hot-wire sensor were placed in a well-defined low-speed turbulent flow in a rectangular duct. Controlled acoustic noise, both random and time-harmonic, was superimposed on the flow noise by placing a speaker source close to the entrance of the duct. Detailed studies of the coherence between the hot-wire and microphone signals in the presence of flow and acoustic noise indicated that the proper combination of the two signals could reduce the turbulence noise contamination in the microphone signal. Subsequent simulations demonstrated that using an adaptive least-mean-square algorithm to filter the hot-wire signal before subtracting it from the microphone signal produced a flow noise attenuation of 20 dB at frequencies below 100 Hz and spectra which approached those of the uncontaminated microphone signal. (Author)
The influence of macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α on protective immunity mediated by antiviral cytotoxic T cells (2003)

Macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha (MIP-1alpha), a member of the CC-chemokine subfamily, is known to induce chemotaxis of a variety of cell types in vivo. Although the role of MIP-1alpha in inflammatory responses generated following primary infection of mice with many different pathogens has been characterized, the influence of this chemokine on the generation of antigen-specific T-cell responses in vivo is less well understood. This is important, as virus-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) play a crucial role in defence against viral infections, both acutely and in the long term. In this study, we compared the ability of wild-type and MIP-1alpha-deficient (MIP-1alpha-/-) mice to mount CTL responses specific for the immunodominant epitope derived from influenza nucleoprotein (NP366-374). Influenza-specific CTL responses were compared with respect to frequency, cytotoxic activity and ability to clear subsequent infections with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the influenza NP. The results indicate that antiviral CTL generated in MIP-1alpha-/- mice are slightly impaired in their ability to protect against a subsequent infection. However, impaired in vivo CTL-mediated antiviral protection was found to be associated with reduced cytotoxicity rather than with a failure of the CTL to migrate to peripheral sites of infection.
Synthesis, characterization and liquid crystal‐aligning properties of new poly{3‐[4‐(<i>n</i>‐alkyloxy)phenyloxy]pyromellitimide}s (2006)

Abstract Four new polypyromellitimides (MC m ‐PPIs and MC m ‐OPIs, m = 6, 8) that are singly substituted with a flexible n ‐alkyloxy side branch at the pyromellitimide ring were prepared by the two‐step polycondensation of 3‐[4‐( n ‐alkyloxy)phenyloxy]pyromellitic dianhydrides (MC m ‐PMDAs, m = 6, 8) with p ‐phenylenediamine (PDA) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA), respectively. The dianhydride monomers were synthesized from durene via several reaction steps. Inherent viscosities of the precursor poly(amic acid)s ranged from 0.57 to 1.58 dl/g. After chemical structures of the polyimides had been characterized, their thermal properties, crystalline structures, and liquid crystal (LC) aligning abilities on their rubbed thin films were determined and discussed in comparison to the polypyromellitimides that are doubly substituted at the pyromellitimide ring with the same side branches. For all polymers thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) programs showed a typical two‐step degradation behavior with onset temperatures in the 430–455°C range. In X‐ray scattering studies all the samples were found to be amorphous, but the presence of a loosely developed layer structure could be confirmed, in which two main chains gather together to form a double‐strand backbone layer and n ‐alkyl branches fill the space between the layers. On the rubbed surfaces of the polyimide thin films LCs uniformly aligned parallel to the rubbing direction with the pre‐tilt angles 5–7° in MC m ‐OPIs and 18–32° in MC m ‐PPIs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.