gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐Throughput Automated Single‐Cell Imaging Analysis Reveals Dynamics of Glioblastoma Stem Cell Population During State Transition (2019)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a heterogeneous and dynamic self-renewing population that stands at the top of tumor cellular hierarchy and contribute to tumor recurrence and therapeutic resistance. As methods of CSC isolation and functional interrogation advance, there is a need for a reliable and accessible quantitative approach to assess heterogeneity and state transition dynamics in CSCs. We developed a high-throughput automated single cell imaging analysis (HASCIA) approach for the quantitative assessment of protein expression with single-cell resolution and applied the method to investigate spatiotemporal factors that influence CSC state transition using glioblastoma (GBM) CSCs (GSCs) as a model system. We were able to validate the quantitative nature of this approach through comparison of the protein expression levels determined by HASCIA to those determined by immunoblotting. A virtue of HASCIA was exemplified by detection of a subpopulation of SOX2-low cells, which expanded in fraction size during state transition. HASCIA also revealed that GSCs were committed to loose stem cell state at an earlier time point than the average SOX2 level decreased. Functional assessment of stem cell frequency in combination with the quantification of SOX2 expression by HASCIA defined a stable cutoff of SOX2 expression level for stem cell state. We also developed an approach to assess local cell density and found that denser monolayer areas possess higher average levels of SOX2, higher cell diversity, and a presence of a sub-population of slowly proliferating SOX2-low GSCs. HASCIA is an open source software that facilitates understanding the dynamics of heterogeneous cell population such as that of GSCs and their progeny. It is a powerful and easy-to-use image analysis and statistical analysis tool available at https://hascia.lerner.ccf.org. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Patterns of behavior in free cationic copolymerization (1989)

The free cationic copolymerization behavior of styrene derivatives in methylene dichloride solution was examined. The copolymerization behavior of all monomer pairs was found to be strongly ideal. The relationships between reactivity ratios of the monomer pairs can be accurately correlated by a number of simple models. Hammett plots give very similar values for reaction constants for the different cations, and the copolymerization behavior can also be correlated by a generalized Hammett relation using an overall reaction constant. This suggests that under the particular reaction conditions of this work, the cations do not differ greatly in their absolute reactivity. This idea is briefly discussed in light of other work that has been done concerning the nature of the propagating cations in the polymerization of styrene derivatives.
Mitogen‐activated protein kinase and activator protein‐1 dependent signals are essential for <i>Bacteroides fragilis</i> enterotoxin‐induced enteritis (2005)

The approximately 20-kDa heat-labile toxin produced by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis is known to be associated with the development of enteritis. However, the molecular mechanism involved is not yet fully understood. In this study, we assessed whether B. fragilis enterotoxin (BFT)-induced enteritis is related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In human colon epithelial cells, BFT activated three major MAPK cascades. The activation of p38 was sustained for a relatively long period, while the stimulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was transient. BFT stimulation also activated AP-1 signals composed of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers. The p38 inhibitor SB203580 and the ERK inhibitor U0126 reduced not only AP-1 activity, but also decreased IL-8 and MCP-1 expression. In addition, the overexpression of superrepressors for c-Jun and Ras induced by BFT stimulation decreased the levels of IL-8 and MCP-1 production. Furthermore, SB203580 prevented BFT-induced colitis in the mouse ileum, as evidenced by significant decreases in villous destruction, neutrophil infiltration, and mucosal congestion. These results suggest that a pathway, including Ras, MAPK, and subsequent AP-1 activation, is required for IL-8 and MCP-1 expression in intestinal epithelial cells exposed to BFT, and can be involved in the development of enteritis.
Scale Up of Heterogeneous Three Dimensional Reservoir Descriptions (1996)

Abstract A general method for the scale up of highly detailed, heterogeneous, three dimensional reservoir descriptions is developed and applied. The method entails the nonuniform coarsening of the original detailed description, with finer resolution introduced in regions of potentially high flow rate (as identified through computationally efficient single phase flow calculations) and coarser, homogenized property descriptions applied throughout the bulk of the model. The method is applied to the simulation of three actual reservoirs and is demonstrated to provide coarsened reservoir models which give simulation results in close agreement with those of the original fine scale description but at considerable computational savings (speedups of nearly two orders of magnitude). In addition, it is shown that the method can provide geologically realistic coarse scale reservoir descriptions, which can be subsequently history matched to field data via geologically sensible modifications.
Freund’s Complete and Incomplete Adjuvants, Preparation, and Quality Control Standards for Experimental Laboratory Animals Use (2009)

Quality control and quality assurance procedures are discussed for the agreed benchmark standard Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). In addition, the use of the incomplete adjuvant (FIA) in the preparation of antisera is discussed. A major problem is the use of a safe and suitable mineral oil in FCA and FIA; manufacturers should provide infra-red spectra and gas liquid chromatography analyses. A range of safety tests, toxicity, pyrogenicity and endotoxin assays and advice on practical procedures for the use of these adjuvants are described.
Bayesian estimation of regularization and point spread function parameters for Wiener–Hunt deconvolution (2010)

This paper tackles the problem of image deconvolution with joint estimation of point spread function (PSF) parameters and hyperparameters. Within a Bayesian framework, the solution is inferred via a global a posteriori law for unknown parameters and object. The estimate is chosen as the posterior mean, numerically calculated by means of a Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithm. The estimates are efficiently computed in the Fourier domain, and the effectiveness of the method is shown on simulated examples. Results show precise estimates for PSF parameters and hyperparameters as well as precise image estimates including restoration of high frequencies and spatial details, within a global and coherent approach.
Targeting the latent reservoir to achieve functional HIV cure (2016)

While highly active anti-retroviral therapy has greatly improved the lives of HIV-infected individuals, current treatments are unable to completely eradicate the virus. This is due to the presence of HIV latently infected cells which harbor transcriptionally silent HIV. Latent HIV does not replicate or produce viral proteins, thereby preventing efficient targeting by anti-retroviral drugs. Strategies to target the HIV latent reservoir include viral reactivation, enhancing host defense mechanisms, keeping latent HIV silent, and using gene therapy techniques to knock out or reactivate latent HIV. While research into each of these areas has yielded promising results, currently no one mechanism eradicates latent HIV. Instead, combinations of these approaches should be considered for a potential HIV functional cure.
THE DURATION OF COLD ISCHEMIA TIME IS ESSENTIAL FOR PROLONGATION OF GRAFT SURVIVAL IN A PRETREATMENT PROTOCOL OF MURINE HEART ALLOGRAFTS WITH CTLA4/Fc (1999)

230 INTRODUCTION: Full T-cell activation is a two signal process in which the alloantigen specific signal one is delivered via the T-cell receptor and a second costimulatory signal, generated from ligand to ligand interactions between the surfaces of antigen presenting cells (APCs) and T-cells. Blockade of the B7 to CD28 interaction through the application of a soluble murine CTLA4 fusion protein consisting of the extracellular domains of murine CTLA4 and murine IgG2a (CTLA4/Fc) powerfully inhibits T-cell responses in vitro and in vivo. Aim of the following study was to test the impact of donor B7 blockade prior to transplantation on graft survival in a murine vascularized transplant model. MATERIAL and METHODS: 8-10 week old, male C57BL/10 (H-2b) donor hearts were heterotopically transplanted into 12 week old, male C3H/He (H-2k) recipients. 50μg of CTLA4/Fc were administered intravenously one hour before heart removal as a single bolus injection or were added to the preservation solution during 2 hrs of cold ischemia (CI). Hearts were flushed with 2 ml of cold Ringers solution via the aorta before revascularisation. Recipients did not receive any further systemic immunosuppression. Control animals were treated with 50μg (n=5) of monoclonal IgG2a i.v. one hour before heart removal. Additionally, the results were compared with a group receiving a 7 day course of 15 mg/kg BW of Cyclosporin A (CsA) without CTLA4/Fc donor pretreatment. RESULTS: Median graft survival of unmodified C57BL/10 hearts in C3H/He recipients was 8.5 (6-9) days. Administration of 50 μg CTLA4/Fc to donor animals one hour before removal prolonged allograft survival to a median of 13.5 (11-29) days. Administration of control IgG2a had no effect on graft outcome. CTLA4/Fc treatment of donor hearts during 2 hrs of CI resulted in a median graft survival of 16.5 days (15-56). By contrast, single graft perfusion with CTLA4/Fc followed by CI demonstrated no effect. Graft survival of pretreated donor hearts was compared to untreated donors with a 7 day course of 15mg/kg BW CsA systemic immunosuppression. CTLA4/Fc pretreatment was as effective as systemic CsA treatment of the recipients resulting in a median graft survival of 15.5 (12-17) days. SUMMARY: CTLA4/Fc donor pretreatment results in a significant prolongation of graft survival. Pretreatment during 2 hrs prolonged CI is most effective. Whether these results are due to upregulation of costimulatory ligands during CI by donor dendritic cells is under current investigation.
Effective Dielectric Properties of Solvent Mixtures at Microwave Frequencies (1997)

We investigated the dielectric properties of various organic solvents and binary solvent mixtures at 21.4 °C over the frequency range of 200 MHz−13.5 GHz. These solvent mixturesnitrobenzene−N,N-dimethylformamide, 1-butanol−formamide, nitrobenzene−toluene, ethanol−1-butanol, and nitrobenzene−chlorobenzeneas well as the pure components display a Debye or near Debye dispersion. Their frequency-dependent dielectric properties can be summarized by three parameters in the Debye equation: a static dielectric constant, a high-frequency limiting dielectric constant, and a dielectric relaxation time constant. On the basis of electrostatics, rate theory, and solution thermodynamics, we have developed dielectric “mixing rules” that describe the frequency-dependent dielectric properties of the solvent mixtures based on solution composition and the dielectric parameters for the solution components. These “mixing rules” yield good agreement between the predicted and experimental dielectric properties for the binary solvent mixtures over all solution compositions.
A critique on some of the concepts regarding planar faults in crystals (1995)

The construction of the γ surface requires the application of mechanical constraints in order that the energy of non-equilibrium fault configurations can be calculated. The choice of mechanical constraints is not unique and it is shown that γ surfaces constructed using different schemes can differ significantly. The measurement of planar fault energies using transmission electron microscopy techniques is also critically assessed. It is discovered that the constraining effects of the bounding partial dislocations can significantly modify the local fault energy. Experimentally measured fault energies should therefore be expected to differ from atomistically calculated values.
Glycodelins: role in regulation of reproduction, potential for contraceptive development and diagnosis of male infertility (1998)

Glycodelins are glycoproteins synthesized in various glands, with sequence homology to beta-lactoglobulins, and named according to their unique oligosaccharide structures. We purified, cloned and sequenced endometrium- and seminal plasma-derived glycodelins (GdA and GdS respectively) and found that they are involved in various types of cell-cell communications. These include interactions between the spermatozoon and the egg, and between immune cells and their targets. Endometrial GdA inhibits sperm-egg binding, whereas the differently glycosylated GdS in seminal plasma does not. These observation are of interest for reproductive physiology, detection of causes of infertility, and they also may have potential for contraceptive development.
Elemental and magnetic sensitive imaging using x-ray excited luminescence microscopy (2012)

We demonstrate the potential of x-ray excited luminescence microscopy for full-field elemental and magnetic sensitive imaging using a commercially available optical microscope, mounted on preexisting synchrotron radiation (SR) beamline end stations. The principal components of the instrument will be described. Bench top measurements indicate that a resolution of 1 μm or better is possible; this value was degraded in practice due to vibrations and/or drift in the end station and associated manipulator. X-ray energy dependent measurements performed on model solar cell materials and lithographically patterned magnetic thin film structures reveal clear elemental and magnetic signatures. The merits of the apparatus will be discussed in terms of conventional SR imaging techniques.
Suction Prevention and Physiologic Control of Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices Using Intrinsic Pump Parameters (2014)

The risk for left ventricular (LV) suction during left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) support has been a clinical concern. Current development efforts suggest LVAD suction prevention and physiologic control algorithms may require chronic implantation of pressure or flow sensors, which can be unreliable because of baseline drift and short lifespan. To overcome this limitation, we designed a sensorless suction prevention and physiologic control (eSPPC) algorithm that only requires LVAD intrinsic parameters (pump speed and power). Two gain-scheduled, proportional-integral controllers maintain a differential pump speed (ΔRPM) above a user-defined threshold to prevent LV suction while maintaining an average reference differential pressure (ΔP) between the LV and aorta. ΔRPM is calculated from noisy pump speed measurements that are low-pass filtered, and ΔP is estimated using an extended Kalman filter. Efficacy and robustness of the eSPPC algorithm were evaluated in silico during simulated rest and exercise test conditions for 1) excessive ΔP setpoint (ES); 2) rapid eightfold increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR); and 3) ES and PVR. Simulated hemodynamic waveforms (LV pressure and volume; aortic pressure and flow) using only intrinsic pump parameters showed the feasibility of our proposed eSPPC algorithm in preventing LV suction for all test conditions.
Immunogenicity and safety of Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine in healthy persons in Korea. (2007)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Salmonella Typhi Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (Vi vaccine) in Korea. The immunogenicity of a single dose of Vi vaccine was evaluated in 157 subjects (75 children and 82 adults) before and at 1, 6, and 12 months after vaccination. Immunogenicity was measured with a passive hemagglutination assay (PHA), quantified as geometric mean titers (GMTs) and seroconversion rates. The safety of the vaccine was investigated by determining adverse reactions occurring within 4 h, 3 days, and 1 month after injection. The seroconversion rate for children and adults 1 month after vaccination was 96.92% and 89.02%, respectively. In the case of children, the GMTs of Vi antibodies before vaccination were 5.87 +/- 1.34 and 142.59 +/- 2.39 at one month after vaccination. For adults, the GMTs before and one month after vaccination were 5.58 +/- 1.28 and 58.56 +/- 3.67, respectively. Vi antibodies persisted for as long as 6 and 12 months after vaccination. All adverse reactions in adults and children were minor and did not require treatment. The Vi CPS vaccine was safe and immunogenic in adults and children older than 5 years.
Integrated Optical Waveguide Modulator Using Long Range Surface Plasmon Resonance (1994)

The maximum modulation frequency available from semiconductor injection lasers is limited to a few gigahertz and high speed modulation can cause unwanted variation in the wavelength of the emitted light1. These limitations may be overcome by the use of integrated optical waveguide modulators. Integrated optical waveguide modulators are important in developing optical transmission lines to route data in integrated optical circuits and interface these circuits with electronic circuits and fiber optics2.
A few chilopods taken in Panama by N.L.H. Krauss (1947)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Renal clearance, tissue distribution, and CA-125 responses in a phase I trial of suramin. (1998)

Suramin was administered to 49 patients in a Phase I cancer trial with real-time pharmacokinetic monitoring and dose individualization to achieve targeted mean plasma concentrations of 210 and 155 mg/liter during the 7-day period between days 15 and 22. Pharmacokinetic sampling after doses on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 was used to modify weekly suramin doses, beginning on day 15, in an attempt to achieve specific averaged plasma concentrations of 210 and 155 mg/liter. A 200-mg test dose was not effective in prospectively determining individual pharmacokinetic parameters and dosage requirements. Patients with peak plasma suramin concentrations in excess of 350 mg/liter may be more likely to experience neurotoxicity (P = 0.06), but there was no statistically significant effect of peak suramin concentration or of cumulative dose. Biopsy and autopsy tissue samples demonstrated low penetration of suramin into brain tissue and muscle but good penetration into prostate and other visceral organs. Prospective use of surrogate substrates for CYP1A2, CYP3A3/4, and CYP2D6 showed no consistent effect of suramin on these enzymes. Although a correlation between creatinine clearance and suramin renal clearance was found (r2 = 0.38; P < 0.00005), there was no correlation between creatinine clearance and total suramin clearance (P = 0.21). No suramin dose modification for renal or hepatic dysfunction can be supported at this time. Three of four ovarian cancer patients demonstrated a drop in CA-125 serum concentrations during suramin treatment.
Detection of a 45-Kilodalton Antigen Overexpressed in a Cisplatin-Resistant Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Line (1994)

To characterize the membrane changes associated with cisplatin resistance, we raised monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against a cisplatin-resistant subline (OV1/DDP) derived from a human ovarian carcinoma cell line (OV1/p). An MAb, designated OCP02, was selected for its particularly high affinity for the resistant cell line. It bound 3.1-fold higher to OV1/DDP cells than to OV1/p cells and recognized an M(r) 45K antigen. This antigen appeared to be present in several normal and tumorous tissues. Its distribution in normal tissues was mainly detected in tissues involved in secretory processes, suggesting that this antigen could be related to a transport mechanism in normal cells as well as in drug-resistant cells.
Domain structure and polarization properties of lanthanum-substituted bismuth titanate single crystals (2003)

Single crystals of bismuth titanate (BiT) and lanthanum-substituted BiT [Bi4−xLaxTi3O12 (BLT)] were grown by a self-flux method. BLT (x=0.85) showed a smaller remanent polarization (2Pr) along the a(b) axis of 41 μC/cm2 than 98 μC/cm2 for BiT, which mainly originates in its smaller ionic displacements along the a axis. Striped 90° domain walls as well as head-to-head and tail-to-tail 180° domain walls were observed for both crystals, and La substitution led to a marked decrease in the 90° domain width from 8.5 μm (BiT) to 2.5 μm for BLT (x=1.20). Piezoelectric-force microscope observations suggested that antiphase domain boundary (ADB) is present only for BLT and the ADB plays an important role in the formation of the 90° domain.
Passive Virtual Fixtures Based on Simulated Position-Dependent Anisotropic Plasticity (2007)

This paper presents an approach for producing virtual fixture based on simulated plasticity, which can be used for assisting precise manual manipulations performed by human users through haptic interfaces. The fixture acts as a guide to help path-tracing tasks and as a wall for preventing a tool from entering a specified region, but the user can move against the fixture by intentionally producing a force larger than a predetermined yield force. The advantage of the proposed virtual fixture is that it is always passive and it acts as a hard fixture when the user's force is smaller than the yield force. The algorithm was demonstrated through experiments using an impedance-type haptic interface.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Effective Ruthenium Trichloride Based Protocol for the Regio‐ and Stereoselective Catalytic Hydroamidation of Terminal Alkynes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor–Induced Serositis (2013)

A 46-year-old man with a history of asthma and psoriatic arthritis on adalimumab presented with fever, tachycardia, and hypoxia. He was diagnosed with pleural effusion and started on antibiotics, as it was noted to be an exudative effusion. Patient failed to improve on multiple courses of antibiotics, and his blood and pleural fluid cultures were negative. He was then started on prednisone 1 mg/kg and showed remarkable recovery. He was diagnosed with adalimumab-induced serositis.
In Vivo Brain Microdialysis: Principles and Applications (2003)

During the last three decades, the necessity to measure the release of neurotransmitters in vivo in the central nervous system (CNS) has prompted the development of innovative techniques for sampling the extracellular fluid in the brain of experimental animals. Historically, one of the methods that evolved for this purpose was push-pull perfusion, which involved the stereotaxic insertion of a push-pull cannula into a selected area of the brain. Originally described by Gaddum (1961), such cannulae consisted of two stainless steel tubmgs assembled in a concentric manner, i.e., a smaller push cannula inserted into an outer pull cannula. The continuous perfusion of a physiological fluid through the system allows the collection of consecutive perfusate samples from the pull tubing. For over 20 yr, the push-pull technique was used routinely in a variety of studies dealing with the in vivo activity of neurotransmitters and other endogenous factors in the brain (reviewed by Philippu, 1984, Gardner et al., 1993; Myers et al., 1997).