gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quasi-Balance Four-Terminal Resistance Bridge (2015)

A kind of quasi-balance four-terminal ac resistance bridge has been constructed. The electronic inductive voltage divider provides high accurate voltage ratios for the bridge at a wide frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 kHz. The Wagner network with electronic circuit containing followers and amplifiers makes the voltage ratio unaffected by internal loading of ratio winding. Amplifiers are used to eliminate voltage drop on the lead wire connecting two resistors. Sampling method is used to measure the complex voltage ratio. The bridge can measure resistances from 1 Ω to 1 MΩ. The optimal uncertainty for resistance of 100 Ω and 1 kΩ is 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> at 1 kHz.
The Medial Ganglionic Eminence Gives Rise to a Population of Early Neurons in the Developing Cerebral Cortex (1999)

During development of the neocortex, the marginal zone (layer I) and the subplate (layer VII) are the first layers to form from a primordial plexiform neoropil. The cortical plate (layers II-VI) is subsequently established between these superficial and deep components of the primordial plexiform neuropil. Neurons in the early zones are thought to play important roles in the formation of the cortex: the Cajal-Retzius cells of the marginal zone are instrumental in neuronal migration and laminar formation, and cells of the subplate are involved in the formation of cortical connections. Using the fluorescent tracer 1,1'-dioctodecyl-3,3,3', 3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine (DiI), we have shown here that a substantial proportion of neurons of the marginal zone, including cells with features of Cajal-Retzius cells, and of the subplate and lower intermediate zone are not born in the ventricular neuroepithelium but instead originate in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE), the pallidal primordium. These neurons follow a tangential migratory route to their positions in the developing cortex. They express the neurotransmitter GABA but seem to lack the calcium binding protein calretinin; some migrating cells found in the marginal zone express reelin. In addition, migrating cells express the LIM-homeobox gene Lhx6, a characteristic marker of the MGE. It is suggested that this gene uniquely or in combination with other transcription factors may be involved in the decision of MGE cells to differentiate in situ or migrate to the neocortex.
Effect of point mutations on Herbaspirillum seropedicae NifA activity (2015)

NifA is the transcriptional activator of the nif genes in Proteobacteria. It is usually regulated by nitrogen and oxygen, allowing biological nitrogen fixation to occur under appropriate conditions. NifA proteins have a typical three-domain structure, including a regulatory N-terminal GAF domain, which is involved in control by fixed nitrogen and not strictly required for activity, a catalytic AAA+ central domain, which catalyzes open complex formation, and a C-terminal domain involved in DNA-binding. In Herbaspirillum seropedicae, a β-proteobacterium capable of colonizing Graminae of agricultural importance, NifA regulation by ammonium involves its N-terminal GAF domain and the signal transduction protein GlnK. When the GAF domain is removed, the protein can still activate nif genes transcription; however, ammonium regulation is lost. In this work, we generated eight constructs resulting in point mutations in H. seropedicae NifA and analyzed their effect on nifH transcription in Escherichia coli and H. seropedicae. Mutations K22V, T160E, M161V, L172R, and A215D resulted in inactive proteins. Mutations Q216I and S220I produced partially active proteins with activity control similar to wild-type NifA. However, mutation G25E, located in the GAF domain, resulted in an active protein that did not require GlnK for activity and was partially sensitive to ammonium. This suggested that G25E may affect the negative interaction between the N-terminal GAF domain and the catalytic central domain under high ammonium concentrations, thus rendering the protein constitutively active, or that G25E could lead to a conformational change comparable with that when GlnK interacts with the GAF domain.
Insecticide resistance in <i>Musca domestica</i> L. from Eastern England (1992)

Abstract Strains of houseflies were obtained from a refuse tip and 34 farms selected at random from Eastern England in 1984. Resistance was assessed to four insecticides that had been in use for fly control in the UK. Dose‐response data were obtained by topical application of the insecticides and, in addition, a resistance test method was used in which flies were allowed to feed on sugar coated with either methomyl or azamethiphos. For both methods, the knock‐down (KD) after 48 h was used as a measure of response. The ranges of resistance factors for the topical application method were, for methomyl, 1·1–15·9 at KD 50 and 2·1–17·0 at KD 95 ; for azamethiphos, 2·2–36·9 at KD 50 and 4·5–88·2 at KD 95 ; for pyrethrins + piperonyl butoxide, 0·9–6·8 at KD 50 and 1·4–13·4 at KD 95 ; and for permethrin, 1·7–34·8 at KD 50 and 2·2–112·5 at KD 95 . The ranges of the resistance factors for the feeding tests were, for methomyl, 2·1–39·8 at KD 50 and 2·4–64·0 at KD 95 , and, for azamethiphos, 5·6–51·7 at KD 50 and 8·8–92·0 at KD 95 .
A Critical Review of the Harm-Minimisation Tools Available for Electronic Gambling (2016)

The increasing sophistication of gambling products afforded by electronic technologies facilitates increased accessibility to gambling, as well as encouraging rapid and continuous play. This poses several challenges from a responsible gambling perspective, in terms of facilitating player self-awareness and self-control. The same technological advancements in gambling that may facilitate a loss of control may also be used to provide responsible gambling tools and solutions to reduce gambling-related harm. Indeed, several harm-minimisation strategies have been devised that aim to facilitate self-awareness and self-control within a gambling session. Such strategies include the use of breaks in play, 'pop-up' messaging, limit setting, and behavioural tracking. The present paper reviews the theoretical argument underpinning the application of specific harm-minimisation tools, as well as providing one of the first critical reviews of the empirical research assessing their efficacy, in terms of influencing gambling cognitions and behaviour.
Intrathecal siRNA against Toll-like receptor 4 reduces nociception in a rat model of neuropathic pain (2010)

These findings suggest that suppression of TLR4 mediated by intrathecally administered siRNA may be a new strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Some observations on slow and fast acid-producing variants of strains of <i>Streptococcus cremoris</i> and <i>Str. lactis</i> used as cheese starters (1959)

Improved growth of Streptococcus cremoris 924 was obtained in the presence of CO 2 . When fast and slow acid-producing variants of Str. cremoris 924 were mixed and the mixture subcultured daily the resulting cultures were all active acid producers, irrespective of the initial ratio of fast to slow cells. A balance is established between the two types of cell; probably this will vary with the cultural conditions and vary between strains of Str. cremoris and Str. lactis for any particular conditions of maintenance. Providing the strains are correctly selected, single-strain starter cultures can be maintained by daily subculture in litmus milk, apparently indefinitely. Activity varies with the present method within wide limits and this variation seems to be a function of the culture. Freeze drying is a satisfactory method of maintaining active single-strain starters. The author wishes to thank Miss Shelagh Gibbs for technical assistance, Miss H. R. Chapman for making the cheese, and Messrs. Cow and Gate, Ltd., for supplying the dried milk powder for these experiments.
Patterning magnetic antidot-type arrays by Ga/sup +/ implantation (2002)

Motivated by reports of the effect of ion irradiation on the magnetic properties of thin films, this paper outlines a new and possibly advantageous method of patterning magnetic antidot-type arrays by changing the magnetic properties of thin-film NiFe through Ga/sup +/ implantation rather than by removal of material. Studies of conventional antidot arrays have reported regular remanent states of interest as possible stored bits trapped during hard axis magnetization reversal. In this paper, we report a study of Ga/sup +/ implanted antidot-type arrays, which also support remanent states during hard and easy axis magnetization reversal. The energetics of the implanted antidot-type array system are considered, and the reason for the different magnetization reversal process in comparison with conventional antidot arrays is speculated to be due to the energy associated with the increased coercivity and domain wall pinning at implantation-induced damage sites.
Kallikrein-related peptidases: bridges between immune functions and extracellular matrix degradation (2010)

Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) constitute a family of 15 highly conserved serine proteases encoded by the largest uninterrupted cluster of protease-encoding genes within the human genome. Recent studies, mostly relying on in vitro proteolysis of recombinant proteins, have suggested that KLK activities are regulated by proteolytic activation cascades that can operate in a tissue-specific manner, such as the semen liquefaction and skin desquamation cascades. The validity of KLK activation cascades in vivo largely remains to be demonstrated. Here, we focus on recent investigations showing that KLKs represent interesting players in the broader field of immunology based on their ability to bridge their inherent ability to degrade the extracellular matrix with major functions of the immune system. More specifically, KLKs assist in the infiltration of immune cells through the skin and the blood brain barrier, whereas they catalyze the generation of antimicrobial peptides by proteolytic activation and further processing of protein precursors. In an attempt to integrate current knowledge, we propose KLK-mediated pathways that are putatively involved in inflammation associated with skin wounding and central nervous system disorders, including multiple sclerosis. Finally, we present evidence of KLK participation in autoimmune diseases and allergies.
Automated Fingertip Detection (2012)

One of the oldest biometrics that has been used to uniquely identify a person is their fingerprint. Recent developments in research on fingerprint collection have made it possible to collect fingerprint data from a stand-off digital image. Each of the techniques developed so far have relied on either a very controlled capture environment to ensure only a single fingertip is collected or manual cropping of the image down to the fingertip. The main body of the research focuses on extracting the fingerprint itself. If fingerprint collection via digital image is ever to be fielded in the real world on such devices as smart phones or tablets it will be necessary for the software to automatically detect a single or multiple fingertips in an image and isolate them for extracting the fingerprint. We introduce an automatic fingertip detection algorithm that couples image processing techniques with a machine learning capability to successfully identify varying numbers of fingertips in digital images. Our algorithm proves that while it is difficult to remove all constraints from the capture environment it is achievable with the method we have developed and we can achieve a recall of 69.77% at a precision of 78.95%. This gives us the important capability to detect varying numbers of fingertips in an image and provide a crucial piece in what could be a complete automated fingerprint recognition system.
DE filtration to remove Cryptosporidium (1997)

DE filtration is far more effective than conventional or direct granular media filtration in reducing concentrations of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Laboratory‐scale testing investigated the degree of Cryptosporidium oocyst reduction provided by diatomaceous earth (DE) filtration. Three grades of DE from two manufacturers were used in the tests. Reduction was measured using seeded river water applied to Walton test filters. Tests were run for filtration rates of 1 and 2 gpm/sq ft (2.4 and 4.9 m/h). Each run was replicated three times, and quality control was rigorous. Approximately 6 logs of reduction in the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts can be expected under routine operating conditions using DE grades having permeability of <1.2 Darcy. Log reductions varied predictably according to the permeability of the DE grade and the filtration rate; they were significantly higher at the higher filtration rate. Agreement was excellent between runs, enabling researchers to distinguish with consistent statistical significance the differences in performance.
Azobenzene Elastomers for Mechanically Tunable Diffraction Gratings (2002)

Three azobenzene-containing side-chain liquid crystalline polymers (SCLCPs) were grafted onto a styrene−butadiene−styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer to yield photoactive thermoplastic elastomers. The SCLCPs used were a polymethacrylate and two polyacrylates having different glass and phase transition temperatures. We have investigated the stretching-induced orientation of azobenzene mesogens, the orientation erasure by UV irradiation, and the consequences on the formation of diffraction gratings on stretched films. The results show that a combination of high degree of orientation of trans-azobenzene in nonirradiated areas with an efficient photoisomerization leading to disordered cis-azobenzene in irradiated areas is necessary for an efficient diffraction grating. However, this is not the only mechanism responsible for the formation of grating. Changes in the anisotropic morphology of stretched SBS may occur in these elastomers as a result of the photoisomerization process, which contributes to the formation of grating in films under strain and accounts for the stable diffraction grating remained in the relaxed state. These azobenzene elastomers can be used to record gratings that display reversible changes in diffraction angle and efficiency and the diffraction efficiency of which also depends strongly on the polarization of the probe light as well as the alignment of the fringes with respect to the strain of the film.
Redox-sensitive shell cross-linked PEG–polypeptide hybrid micelles for controlled drug release (2012)

Novel PEG–polypeptide hybrid drug carriers, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-cysteine)-b-poly(L-phenylalanine) (PEG-PCys-PPhe) triblock copolymers, were prepared via the ring-opening polymerization of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides. The copolymers can self-assemble to form core–shell–corona micelles in aqueous solutions. The shell of the micelles has the ability to self-cross-link (SCL) by the oxidation of thiol groups in the PCys segments. The morphology and stability of SCL micelles were characterized by TEM, DLS and SEM. The results showed the SCL micelles could hold the physical structure of micelles in severe environments. The in vitro drug release in response to GSH was also studied. It was found that the cross-linked shell could be helpful to reduce the drug loss in the extracellular environment. Under a reductive environment, the micelles would undergo the destruction of the cross-linked shell due to the cleavage of disulfide bonds, followed by accelerated drug release from the micelles. The glutathione-responsive SCL micelles could be easily uptaken by HeLa cells, suggesting these micelles might have great potential in intracellular drug delivery.
Sonography-Guided Injection of Botulinum Toxin A in Children with Cerebral Palsy (2002)

Visual identification of muscles and depth control of needle placement are the key features of sonography-guided injection that lead to improved targeting and safety of BoNT/A injections. This method may be especially helpful to validate already established injection techniques or when learning the correct injection technique. We recommend sonography-guided injection as a simple and painless "add-on" to the currently used standard procedure of palpation. The additional expenditure for sonography-guided injection is more than offset by the improved reliability in correct needle placement.
Integrated Mode Group Division Multiplexer and Demultiplexer Based on 2-Dimensional Vertical Grating Couplers (2012)

Integrated mode group multiplexer and demultiplexer are proposed for Mode Group Division Multiplexing (MGDM). The architecture with optical MIMO demultiplexing and mode-selective spatial filtering is introduced. Simulations show this architecture can successfully track PDM-DQPSK MGDM signals with mode group crosstalk.
Design of Data Protection Delay Circuit in SRAM of CMOS (2005)

With respect to the problem of data loss in SRAM of CMOS,this paper introduces a kind of data protection circuit by postponing integral calculus.
Use of the Mini-Mental State Examination in African American Elders (1994)

No abstract available for this article.
Characterization of a membrane-associated receptor from bovine liver that binds phosphomannosyl residues of bovine testicular beta-galactosidase. (1981)

A receptor that binds the phosphomannosyl recognition marker of bovine testicular beta-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.23) was isolated from bovine liver membranes. The receptor was extracted from crude plasma membrane preparations with Triton X-100 and immunoprecipitated as a receptor--beta-galactosidase complex with anti-beta-galactosidase. The receptor was dissociated from the precipitate with mannose 6-phosphate, labeled with 125I, and purified on a beta-galactosidase-Sepharose 4B affinity matrix. A quantitative binding assay employing anti-beta-galactosidase and IgGsorb (formalin-fixed Staphylococcus aureus) was devised to study the binding of 125I-labeled receptor to beta-galactosidase. Maximal binding of receptor to enzyme occurred at pH values between 5.7 and 6.5. Divalent cations were not required for binding. The values of the dissociation constant obtained for beta-galactosidase varied between 200 nM observed with "lower uptake" forms and 20 nM for "higher uptake" forms of the enzyme. A number of phosphorylated monosaccharides were tested as inhibitors of binding of enzyme to receptor; mannose 6-phosphate and fructose 1-phosphate served as inhibitors and exhibited Ki values of 0.064 mM and 0.24 mM, respectively. The receptor has a subunit molecular weight of 215,000. Similar receptors were also demonstrated in Triton X-100 extracts of human skin fibroblasts, Chinese hamster ovary cells, and rat hepatocytes. These cell types are known to assimilate lysosomal enzymes containing covalently bound mannose 6-phosphate residues.
Lineage Classification of Canine Inheritable Disorders Using Mitochondrial DNA Haplotypes. (2002)

To estimate the maternal effects of dog breeds using mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) haplotypes in the dogs with several clinical disorders, 600 base pairs of mtDNA D-loop region were amplified from 365 dogs and were determined for mtDNA sequences. The diversity of the 600-bp sequences was classified into 64 haplotypes, including 46 newly discovered haplotypes, and the haplotypes were grouped into four clusters I to IV. Lineage analysis using the mtDNA haplotype indicated that each dog breed genetically comprises one or a few mtDNA haplotypes. When the relationship between genetic background and occurrences of clinical diseases was estimated, canine lineage analysis using mtDNA haplotype revealed that the disorders distributed in the dominant mtDNA haplotypes of each dog breed, but no disorder closely associated with mtDNA haplotypes was detected.
The new gender equality act: Aiming for equality (2013)

The Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Amendment Bill (2012) was passed by the Senate on 22 November 2012. The Bill amends the Equal Opportunity for Women in the Workplace Act (1999) to reflect a new focus of the Act on improving gender equality in the workplace - hence it is titled the Gender Equality Act. As such, it covers both women and men, and specific recognition is made of equality in remuneration and the centrality of family/carer responsibilities in achieving gender equality.
Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, and the Prevention of Breast Cancer* (1999)

I. Introduction II. Lacassagne’s Prevention Principle: A Target and an Estrogen Antagonist III. Tamoxifen as an Antitumor Agent A. ER status and the duration of tamoxifen B. Contralateral breast cancer C. Endometrial cancer D. Conclusions IV. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulation A. Antiestrogen activity at the ER B. Coactivators for ER C. Alternate response elements on DNA D. An alternate ER-ERβ V. Biological Basis for Tamoxifen as a Breast Cancer Preventive A. Animal models B. Bones C. Lipids D. Uterus VI. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer A. Interactions among risk factors B. Identification of candidates for chemoprevention VII. Prevention of Breast Cancer with Tamoxifen A. Royal Marsden Pilot Study B. NSABP/NCI Study C. Italian study D. Conclusions VIII. Biological Basis for Raloxifene as a Breast Cancer Preventive A. Antitumor actions B. Bones C. Lipids D. Uterus IX. Study of Tamoxifen And Raloxifene (STAR) X. The Future of Prevention
La narrativa de josé maría merino: metaficción y mundos posibles (2003)

El objeto de estudio de esta tesis doctoral consiste en analizar la obra narrativa de Jose Maria Merino para demostrar la sintesis interpretativa de realidad y ficcion, que se entretejen formando una nueva realidad mas amplia que lo normalmente concebido. La narrativa de Merino muestra las zonas ocultas de la realidad cotidiana -como las imaginaciones, las fantasias, y los suenos- y mediante procedimientos metaficticios y fantasticos, las incorporaciones en el mundo empirico, consiguiendo asi borar las fronteras entre realidad y ficcion que se suelen considerar como inconfundibles. Se propone como tesis central de este trabajo la sintesis interpretativa de realidad y ficcion en la narrativa de Merino. Y para ello, se ha apoyado en los recursos metaficticios y la teoria de los mundo posibles, estudiando el singular tratamiento de la ficcion que hace Merino en sus obras. La metaficcion ha sido indicada por la critica como una caracteristica de nuestro autor, lo cual se refuerza en el estudio con soporte teorico sobre la metaficcion, tal como Patricia Waugh, Linda Hutecheon, Robert Alter, etc. Ademas, los recursos metaficticios y su significacion forman el hilo central que conecta las tematicas extraidas de la narrativa de Merino. Asimismo, la teoria de los mundos posibles, sobre todo la de Tomas Albaladejo, ofrece un modelo de analisis eficaz para dilucidar el complicado tratamiento de la ficcion. El concepto de los mundos posibles y los modelos de mundo hacen ver especialmente la interaccion de los mundo ficiconales, que confirma la sintesis interpretativa de realidad y ficcion. El estudio aporta una trayectoria narrativa consistente de Jose Maria Merino; una sintesis de realidad y ficcion, y sus posibles combinaciones. Esta sintesis presenta una nueva realidad mas abarcadora que la empirica, ya que los limites entre realidad y ficcion se vuelven vulnerables, hasta borrar sus fronteras en la narrat
A On-chip Power-supply Circuit with Very-low Power Consumption (2012)

Basing on analyzing the requirements to power supply circuits which the digital control-circuits of wireless digital products expect,this paper proposes one circuit that can meet these requirements all.This power supply circuit can provide a steady output voltage under the normal-working mode of the whole system,and provide a very weak current under the standby mode.In this way,the power supply circuit can ensure the control-circuit′s normal working under the normal working mode,and the ultra-low power consumption under standby mode.