gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical evaluation of rate-controlling processes in manual determination of nitrogen oxides in flue gases (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCritical evaluation of rate-controlling processes in manual determination of nitrogen oxides in flue gasesGeoffrey Margolis and John N. DriscollCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1972, 6, 8, 727–731Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60067a004https://doi.org/10.1021/es60067a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
From Graftable Biphotonic Chromophores to Water‐Soluble Organic Nanodots for Biophotonics: The Importance of Environmental Effects (2012)

The photophysical and two-photon absorption (TPA) properties of biphotonic chromophores with one or two phenol pendant units were studied and compared with that of a model biphotonic quadrupolar chromophore. A water-soluble dendritic structure was then synthesized by using the pendant moieties as starting points for the construction of dendritic branches. We show that the polarity of the environment significantly modulates both the fluorescence and the TPA responses of the different chromophoric derivatives. This extends to more subtle effects that involve phenol pendant moieties that were found to act as discrete solvating units and to modify both the photophysics and the TPA response of the chromophore. This demonstrates the high sensitivity of the TPA response of quadrupolar derivatives to minute alterations in the environment. Moreover, the dendritic branches were found to behave as a peculiar cybotactic environment that was able to tune the fluorescence and TPA response of the inner chromophore by creating a polar environment. This reveals a new direction for exploiting such effects by playing on the dendritic architecture (e.g., the nature and shape of the building blocks, the geometry and position of the chromophore) to modulate the TPA responses.
Leucine 7 to Proline 7 Polymorphism of the Preproneuropeptide Y Gene is Not Associated with Restenosis after Coronary Stenting (2003)

Our results suggest that the Leu7 to Pro7 polymorphism of the preproNPY gene is not associated with angiographic restenosis or adverse clinical events after stent placement in coronary arteries.
The design of fault-tolerant real-time systems (2002)

A hard real-time system has to produce the correct results at the intended points in time. In such a system a failure in the time domain can be as critical as a failure in the value domain. In this paper we consider the key design issues that have to be addressed in any hard real-time implementation. We then examine proposed solutions and conclude that only time-triggered architectures support an engineering approach to hard real-time system design. Finally we outline a systematic methodology for the design of a fault-tolerant time-triggered application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
STUDIES OF CLEAN METAL SURFACE RELAXATION EXPERIMENT–THEORY DISCREPANCIES (1999)

A series of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction Intensity vs. Voltage (LEED I–V) measurements for Rh(001), W(110) and Ti(0001) have been undertaken in order to help resolve discrepancies between experiment and theory for the surface relaxations of certain transition metals. LEED measurements and analysis indicate the following results for the change of first (d 12 ) and second (d 23 ) interlayer spacings, relative to the bulk interlayer spacing d 0 : for Rh(001), Δ d 12 /d 0 =-1.4± 1.4% and Δ d 23 /d 0 =-0.6± 1.4%; for W(110), Δ d 12 /d 0 =-3.0± 1.3% and Δ d 23 /d 0 =+0.2± 1.3%; and for Ti(0001), Δ d 12 /d 0 =-4.9± 1.0% and Δ d 23 /d 0 =+1.4± 1.0%. In each case, the new measurements help to resolve the experiment–theory surface relaxation discrepancies. In addition, two of these surfaces [W(110) and Ti(0001)] show substantial contractions in the first interlayer spacing, d 12 . Large relaxations for close-packed surfaces lend support to the promotion–hybridization picture of surface relaxation put forth recently by P. J. Feibelman [P. J. Feibelman, Phys. Rev.B53, 13740 (1996).] In addition to making new experimental determinations of surface relaxations, a secondary goal of this work is to characterize sources of error associated with LEED I–V methodology that have traditionally not been fully appreciated.
A Method of Designing Subsurface Irrigation/Drainage Systems to Maximize Net Benefits (1986)

Net benefits are considered to be the difference between the total value of production and the annual amortized cost of a subsurface drainage and irrigation system. The spacing between subsurface drain laterals in humid regions is a design factor with the greatest effect on the cost of subsurface drainage/irrigation systems and crop yields.The magnitude of the net benefit was found to be influenced by interest rate, maize price, drain spacing and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The variation in saturated hydraulic conductivity has a great effect on the drain spacing to be used to maximize net benefits. Other parameters were almost independent of drain spacing. Graphs are given showing the relationship between net benefits due to subsurface drainage, and irrigation and spacing between drain laterals. Decisions regarding the design of subsurface irrigation/drainage systems should be based on calculations which take the range of actual saturated hydraulic conductivity values into account.
Experimental development of nuclear pumped laser candidate for inertial confinement fusion driver. Technical progress report, Phase 2, 1989--1990 (1990)

A report is given on progress made during the second year of a three year contract studying the feasibility of nuclear pumping the atomic iodine laser. Experimental results are presented showing efficiencies of 25--38% at converting neutron-induced nuclear reaction energy in the excimer XeBr into UV photons which can be used to pump the laser. Parametric studies were done utilizing the {sup 10}B(n,{alpha}){sup 7}Li reaction, with three bromine donor chemicals, over a range of pressures and mix ratios, to optimize the fluorescence efficiency.
A Definition of Interchangeability for Soft CSPs (2002)

Substitutability and interchangeability in constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) have been used as a basis for search heuristics, solution adaptation and abstraction techniques. In this paper, we consider how the same concepts can be extended to soft constraint satisfaction problems (SCSPs).
A role for retrosomes in intracellular cholesterol transport from endosomes to the plasma membrane (1997)

The recycling component (retrosome) of the endocytic pathway was evaluated as a potential vehicle for the recycling of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol and the maintenance of a high concentration of free cholesterol in plasma membranes. Receptor-to-ligand ratios were established in three distinct endosomal compartments using a recycling receptor (apolipoprotein B/E) to confirm isolated retrosomes as recycling vesicles. Compositional studies showed that retrosomes have twice the free cholesterol in their limiting membranes as do the endosomal compartments from which they derive. Furthermore, of the three isolated endosomal fractions, retrosomes showed the highest ratio of free to esterified cholesterol derived from injected very low density lipoprotein as well as the highest free-to-esterified cholesterol mass ratio overall, confirming endosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolysis and sorting. Endosomal neutral cholesterol esterase was identified by immunoblot, whereas electron microscopy employing membrane cholesterol-specific filipin revealed a high concentration of cholesterol in appendages that appear to be the formative stage of retrosomal biogenesis.
Variants in Complement Factor H and Complement Factor H-Related Protein Genes, CFHR3 and CFHR1, Affect Complement Activation in IgA Nephropathy (2014)

Complement activation is common in patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and associated with disease severity. Our recent genome-wide association study of IgAN identified susceptibility loci on 1q32 containing the complement regulatory protein-encoding genes CFH and CFHR1-5, with rs6677604 in CFH as the top single-nucleotide polymorphism and CFHR3-1 deletion (CFHR3-1∆) as the top signal for copy number variation. In this study, to explore the clinical effects of variation in CFH, CFHR3, and CFHR1 on IgAN susceptibility and progression, we enrolled two populations. Group 1 included 1178 subjects with IgAN and available genome-wide association study data. Group 2 included 365 subjects with IgAN and available clinical follow-up data. In group 1, rs6677604 was associated with mesangial C3 deposition by genotype-phenotype correlation analysis. In group 2, we detected a linkage between the rs6677604-A allele and CFHR3-1∆ and found that the rs6677604-A allele was associated with higher serum levels of CFH and lower levels of the complement activation split product C3a. Furthermore, CFH levels were positively associated with circulating C3 levels and negatively associated with mesangial C3 deposition. Moreover, serum levels of the pathogenic galactose-deficient glycoform of IgA1 were also associated with the degree of mesangial C3 deposition in patients with IgAN. Our findings suggest that genetic variants in CFH, CFHR3, and CFHR1 affect complement activation and thereby, predispose patients to develop IgAN.
RimJ-mediated context-dependent N-terminal acetylation of the recombinant Z-domain protein in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2012)

N-terminal acetylation of the recombinant Z-domain protein depends on E. coli strains, expression vectors and amino acid residues near the N-terminus, and is enhanced by a high cellular level of RimJ.
Acronychia type acetophenones analogs inhibit 5-lipoxygenase (2014)

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchospasm, coughing and shortness of breath. Its development has been correlated with the overproduction of leukotrienes (LTs). 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO) is an iron-containing enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of LTB4, LTCs and other cysteinyl-LTs (cys-LTs), the latter playing a prominent role in asthma [1]. 5-LO has thus been proposed as a potential therapeutic target to treat the symptoms of asthma and Zileuton is actually the only 5-LO inhibitor marketed for this purpose. Interestingly, the traditional medicine in South-Eastern Asia countries recommends the use of Acronychia penduculata (Rutaceae) notably for the treatment of asthma [2]. The phytochemical exploration of the plant revealed the presence of several prenylated acetophenone dimers and monomers, acrovestone (1) being the main representative [2,3,4]. We therefore undertook the synthesis of several dimers and monomers derivatives and assess their inhibitory potency towards 5-LO along with the natural products. Our study revealed good inhibition of 5-LO by both natural (IC50 Acrovestone = 2.7µM) and synthetic molecules highlighting 5-LO as the potential biological target of Acronychia extracts traditionally used for the treatment of asthma. A synthetic monomer bearing a geranyl substitution (IC50= 0.9µM) is currently under in vivo evaluation.
Temperature-dependent far-infrared reflectance of La-Sr-Cu-O and La-Ca-Cu-O: Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer electrodynamics but uncertain energy gap (1988)

The available far-infrared data for polycrystalline La-Sr-Cu-O and La-Ca-Cu-O show a reflectance edge with energy near 2.5${k}_{B}$${T}_{c}$. This edge has been variously interpreted as the onset of absorption due to an energy gap, and as a low-frequency plasma edge caused by strong far-infrared resonances. Our measured temperature dependence of the reflectance edge closely fits the temperature dependence of the order parameter in a mean-field theory, and hence is consistent with the energy-gap hypothesis. In this paper, we construct a model dielectric function for ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ which is consistent with mean-field theory and the hypothesis of a plasma edge. We find that the temperature dependence of the plasma frequency in this model also closely fits the measured temperature dependence of the reflectance edge. Furthermore, both hypotheses accurately predict the experimentally observed temperature dependence of the absorption at frequencies much less than the reflectance edge. This observation has significant implications for the construction of fast low-loss superconducting devices. We conclude that the electrodynamics of the superconducting transition in ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ are well described by a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer-like mean-field theory. However, given the identical predictions of the energy-gap and plasma-edge hypotheses, it is premature to deduce a precise value for the magnitude of the energy gap from the infrared data.
Gene Marking and Gene Therapy for Transplantation Medicine (1996)

The classic application for gene therapy is in the correction of single gene defects, although this has been complicated by the low efficiency of gene transfer into hematopoietic cells. Gene therapy, however, has potential for the modulation of tumor cell growth, drug sensitivity, and antitumor immune responses. In addition, gene marking can be used, in spite of this limited transfer efficiency, to provide information on hematopoiesis, sources of cancer relapse after stem cell transplant, and the relative efficacy of graft manipulation techniques. This article reviews the applications of gene therapy and gene marking in transplantation medicine.
Two novel arrangements of the human fetal globin genes: G<sub>γ</sub>-G<sub>γ</sub>and A<sub>γ</sub>-A<sub>γ</sub> (1984)

We describe two novel arrangements of the human fetal globin gene region: one chromosome with two linked A gamma genes (A gamma-A gamma) and two chromosomes with two linked G gamma genes (G gamma-G gamma). The gamma genes of these three chromosomes were cloned and the unusual 5' A gamma gene and one of the unusual 3' G gamma genes were partially sequenced. Both of these unusual genes differ from the genes normally found at their respective locations by a nucleotide substitution at the site of the single coding region difference between normal G gamma and A gamma genes. In both cases, the substitution is identical to the nucleotide found at that position in the normal neighboring gene. The unusual 3' G gamma gene also differs from normal A gamma genes at two other nucleotide positions, but both differences appear to be "private" or exclusive to this particular gene. These unusual fetal globin gene arrangements could have arisen from point mutations or from gene conversions of limited extent, the boundaries of which have been determined for all three chromosomes.
Propranolol and Inspiratory Muscle Performance in Normal Subjects (1988)

We studied the effects of propranolol on respiratory muscle performance during inspiratory threshold-loaded endurance breathing in eight normal subjects. Propranolol (mean daily dose = 160 + 17 mg, SEM) reduced loaded 15-second MVV (92 versus 81 L/min;P = .01) and maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity (52.3 versus 44.5 L/min, P = .02) but did not affect the fraction of MVV, which was sustainable. Maximal static inspiratory pressures were reduced at two of three lung volumes, whereas maximal static expiratory pressures were unaffected by propranolol. The reduction in inspiratory muscle performance in the whole population could be accounted for almost entirely by four subjects who developed symptoms of "tiredness" and easy fatigability while receiving propranolol. There was no significant difference in propranolol dose, in degree of beta-receptor blockade, or in physical fitness in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups, and in neither group did propranolol alter pulmonary function test results. Propranolol directly depresses inspiratory muscle strength in subjects who develop drug-induced symptoms of fatigue by a mechanism probably unrelated to beta-adrenergic-receptor blockade.
Characterization of the cytotoxic properties of the benzimidazole fungicides, benomyl and carbendazim, in human tumour cell lines and primary cultures of patient tumour cells (2009)

The benzimidazoles, benomyl and carbendazim, are fungicides suggested to target microtubules. Benomyl is metabolized to carbendazim, which has already been explored as an anticancer drug in phase 1 clinical trials. We further characterized the cytotoxic properties of benomyl and carbendazim in 12 human cell lines and in primary cultures of patient tumour cells with the overall aims of elucidating mechanisms of action and anticancer activity spectrum. Cytotoxicity was assessed in the short-term fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay and was correlated with the activity of other anticancer drugs and gene expression assessed by cDNA microarray analysis. Benomyl was generally more potent than its metabolite, carbendazim. Both showed high drug activity correlations with several established and experimental anticancer drugs, but modest association with established mechanisms of drug resistance. Furthermore, these benzimidazoles showed high correlations with genes considered relevant for the activity of several mechanistically different standard and experimental anticancer drugs, indicating multiple and broad mechanisms of action. In patient tumour samples, benomyl tended to be more active in haematological compared with solid tumour malignancies, whereas the opposite was observed for carbendazim. In conclusion, benomyl and carbendazim show interesting and diverse cytotoxic mechanisms of action and seem suitable as lead compounds for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Reactions of benzyl 6-lsocyanopenicellanate with thiocarbonyl reagents. Novel rearrangements to 2,3-dihydrothiazolo [2,3-b][1,3]-thiazin -5-ones via penam C(5)–C(6) bond cleavage. X-Ray crystal structure and absolute configuration of two rearrangement products (1982)

Base-promoted reactions of benzyl 6-isocyanopenicillanate with CS2, with CS2–Mel, and with PhNCS, Proceed via C(5)–C(6) bond cleavage to give pairs of diastereoisomers; the structures of two of these diastereoisomers were established by X-ray crystallography.
Stepwise oxidation of bioleached oil shale (1974)

Bioleaching of Green River oil shale by acid-producing autotrophic sulfur bacteria was simulated by dilute acid treatment. In this manner about 40 percent weight loss (dolomite and calcite) was achieved. This acid treated oil shale sample was stepwise oxidized (ca. 30 cycles) in a mild alkaline permagnate solution for the removal of kerogen. The acids recovered from the oxidation were converted to methyl esters and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography and NMR spectroscopy. For comparison, products derived from other oxidative means (air, hydrogen peroxides, ozone, etc.) are discussed. Aside from the elucidation of the kerogen structure, the objective of the study was to achieve an economic process for the recovery of useful chemicals from oil shale kerogen.
Optical design of a fault tolerant self-routing switch for massively parallel processing networks (2002)

A fault-tolerant high-performance optical 2/spl times/2 switch is proposed for massively parallel processing network applications. The switch is designed using all optical components. This allows the exploitation of spatial parallelism. The proposed switch can be used with any multistage interconnection network such as omega, Banyan, shuffle, Benes. For the purpose of this study the baseline network was used as the underlying network. The reasons for choosing the baseline are that it uses 2/spl times/2 switches, is not fault-tolerant and is self-routing. Performance/reliability analysis is done and compared with two major fault-tolerant networks. The results show that without redundant switches, better network survivability is achieved. Since the network is assembled using only the 2/spl times/2 switches, it can be mass produced.
Mechanistic Study of Stress Relaxation in Urethane-Containing Polymer Networks (2019)

Cross-linked polymers are used in many commercial products and are traditionally incapable of recycling via melt reprocessing. Recently, tough and reprocessable cross-linked polymers have been realized by incorporating cross-links that undergo associative exchange reactions, such as transesterification, at elevated temperatures. Here we investigate how cross-linked polymers containing urethane linkages relax stress under similar conditions, which enables their reprocessing. Materials based on hydroxyl-terminated star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide) and poly((±)-lactide) were cross-linked with methylene diphenyldiisocyanate in the presence of stannous octoate catalyst. Polymers with lower plateau moduli exhibit faster rates of relaxation. Reactions of model urethanes suggest that exchange occurs through the tin-mediated exchange of the urethanes that does not require free hydroxyl groups. Furthermore, samples were incapable of elevated-temperature dissolution in a low-polarity solvent (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) but readily dissolved in a high-polarity aprotic solvent (DMSO, 24 to 48 h). These findings indicate that urethane linkages, which are straightforward to incorporate, impart dynamic character to polymer networks of diverse chemical composition, likely through a urethane reversion mechanism.
Alteration in plasmid DNA following natural transformation to populations of marine bacteria. (1997)

This article examines alterations in a broad-host-range plasmid (pQSR50) that were observed following transfer to indigenous marine bacteria by natural transformation. Plasmid DNA from the transformants had altered restriction profiles. However, with the exception of the EcoRI site from one transformant (BS10), fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and encompassing the recognition sites were cleaved by the relevant endonucleases, providing the sites were present. Analysis with DpnI and MboI indicated differences in DNA methylation between pQSR50 and the transformants. The missing EcoRI site from BS10 and smaller EcoRI fragments observed in transformants indicated that rearrangements had also occurred. Evolution of novel plasmid molecules following gene transfer may be an important mechanism by which natural genetic diversity is generated.