gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of native vowel processing ability and frequency discrimination acuity on the phonetic training of English vowels for native speakers of Greek (2010)

The perception and production of nonnative phones in second language (L2) learners can be improved via auditory training, but L2 learning is often characterized by large differences in performance across individuals. This study examined whether success in learning L2 vowels, via five sessions of high-variability phonetic training, related to the learners' native (L1) vowel processing ability or their frequency discrimination acuity. A group of native speakers of Greek received training, while another completed the pre-/post-tests but without training. Pre-/post-tests assessed different aspects of their L2 and L1 vowel processing and frequency acuity. L2 and L1 vowel processing were assessed via: (a) Natural English (L2) vowel identification in quiet and in multi-talker babble, and natural Greek (L1) vowel identification in babble; (b) the categorization of synthetic English and Greek vowel continua; and (c) discrimination of the same continua. Frequency discrimination acuity was assessed for a nonspeech continuum. Frequency discrimination acuity was related to measures of both L1 and L2 vowel processing, a finding that favors an auditory processing over a speech-specific explanation for individual variability in L2 vowel learning. The most efficient frequency discriminators at pre-test were also the most accurate both in English vowel perception and production after training.
Establishing a baseline: the amphibians of Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge, Dixie and Levy Counties, Florida (2018)

From 2002-2006, we used a variety of sampling techniques to survey the amphibians and water chemistry of Lower Suwannee National Wildlife Refuge in Florida's Big Bend region. We recorded 23 amphibian species, 19 frogs and 4 salamanders. Species richness was lower than in areas of the coastal Big Bend region to the north. Amphibians occupied a wide variety of habitats and appeared tolerant of the generally acidic conditions of many of the wetlands. Although additional species may yet be found in LSNWR, this survey provides a historic baseline for assessing future status and trends of amphibian populations.
UWB Antennas for Wireless Applications (2013)

Currently, there is an increased interest in ultra-wideband (UWB) technology for use in sev‐ eral present and future applications. UWB technology received a major boost especially in 2002 since the US Federal Communication Commission (FCC) permitted the authorization of using the unlicensed frequency band starting from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz for commercial com‐ munication applications [1]. Although existing third-generation (3G) communication tech‐ nology can provide us with many wide services such as fast internet access, video telephony, enhanced video/music download as well as digital voice services, UWB –as a new technology– is very promising for many reasons. The FCC allocated an absolute band‐ width up to 7.5 GHz which is about 110% fractional bandwidth of the center frequency. This large bandwidth spectrum is available for high data rate communi-cations as well as radar and safety applications to operate in. The UWB technology has another advantage from the power consumption point of view. Due to spreading the ener-gy of the UWB signals over a large frequency band, the maximum power available to the antenna –as part of UWB sys‐ tem– will be as small as in order of 0.5mW according to the FCC spectral mask. This power is considered to be a small value and it is actually very close to the noise floor compared to what is currently used in different radio communica-tion systems [2].
Inverse cubic liquid-crystalline phases of phospholipids and related lyotropic systems (1990)

The authors have previously found that saturated phospholipids such as phosphatidyl-ethanolamines can, in certain cases, adopt as many as three different inverse bicontinuous cubic phases in water, of probable space groups Ia3d (No 230), Im3m (No 229) and Pn3m (No 224). They found that these cubic phases could be induced to appear by reducing the chain length or by increasing the hydrophilicity of the headgroup of the phospholipid molecule. All of these cubic phases are located in the phase diagrams between the lamellar and the inverse hexagonal (HII) phases. They now report the observation of a novel inverse face-centred cubic phase, of probable space group Fd3m (No 227), in two different systems of hydrated binary lipid mixtures. One of these systems consists of mixtures of phosphatidylcholine with diacylglycerol; the other is an acid-soap mixture of an unsaturated fatty acid with its alkali salt. This Fd3m cubic phase in both systems occurs between the inverse hexagonal (HII) phase and the inverse micellar solution (L2), with increasing concentration of the lipid component with the less strongly hydrophilic headgroup. They surmise that the average mean curvature of the polar/nonpolar interface in this Fd3m cubic phase is more negative than that of the neighbouring HII phase; this is quite different from the inverse bicontinuous cubic phases, where it has a value intermediate between those of the lamellar and HII phases. They conclude that the structure of this Fd3m cubic phase most probably consists solely of closed inverse micellar aggregates.
Validation of Spectra and Phase in Sub-1 cm<sup>–1</sup> Resolution Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy through Internal Heterodyne Phase-Resolved Measurement (2015)

Reliable determination of the spectral features and their phases in sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) for surfaces with closely overlapping peaks has been a standing issue. Here we present two approaches toward resolving such issue. The first utilizes the high-resolution and accurate line shape from the recently developed subwavenumber high-resolution broadband SFG-VS (HR-BB-SFG-VS), from which the detail spectral parameters, including relative spectral phases, of overlapping peaks can be determined through reliable spectral fitting. These results are further validated by using the second method that utilizes the azimuthal angle phase dependence of the z-cut α-quartz crystal, a common phase standard, through the spectral interference between the SFG fields of the quartz surface, as the internal phase reference, and the adsorbed molecular layer. Even though this approach is limited to molecular layers that can be transferred or deposited onto the quartz surface, it is simple and straightforward, as it requires only an internal phase standard with a single measurement that is free of phase drifts. More importantly, it provides unambiguous SFG spectral phase information on such surfaces. Using this method, the absolute phase of the molecular susceptibility tensors of the CH3, CH2, and chiral C-H groups in different Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) molecular monolayers and drop-cast peptide films are determined. These two approaches are fully consistent with and complement to each other, making both easily applicable tools in SFG-VS studies. More importantly, because the HR-BB-SFG-VS technique can be easily applied to various surfaces and interfaces, such validation of the spectral and phase information from HR-BB-SFG-VS measurement demonstrates it as one of the most promising tools for interrogating the detailed structure and interactions of complex molecular interfaces.
Cloning and expression of a gene cluster encoding three subunits of membrane-bound gluconate dehydrogenase from Erwinia cypripedii ATCC 29267 in Escherichia coli (1997)

We have cloned the gene cluster encoding three subunits of membrane-bound gluconate dehydrogenase (GADH) from Erwinia cypripedii ATCC 29267 in Escherichia coli by performing a direct-expression assay. The positive clone converted D-gluconate to 2-keto-D-gluconate (2KDG) in the culture medium. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the GADH clone revealed that the cloned fragment contained the complete structural genes for a 68-kDa dehydrogenase subunit, a 47-kDa cytochrome c subunit, and a 24-kDa subunit of unknown function and that the genes were clustered with the same transcriptional polarity. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences and the NH2-terminal sequences determined for the purified protein indicated that the dehydrogenase, cytochrome c, and 24-kDa subunits contained typical signal peptides of 22, 19, and 42 amino acids, respectively. The molecular masses of the processed subunits deduced from the nucleotide sequences (65, 45, and 20 kDa) coincided well with the molecular masses of subunits estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In E. cypripedii and recombinant E. coli, the GADH was constitutively formed and the activity of GADH was enhanced more than twofold by addition of D-gluconate to the medium. The holoenzyme glucose dehydrogenase of E. coli was reconstituted by addition of pyrroloquinoline quinone to the culture medium, and the conversion of D-glucose or D-gluconate to 2KDG by recombinant E. coli harboring the cloned GADH gene was attempted in batch culture. The conversion yields for D-glucose were 0.95 mol of 2KDG/mol of D-glucose after 16 h of cultivation, and those for D-gluconate were 0.95 mol of 2KDG/mol of D-gluconate after 12 h of cultivation.
The gingival biotype assessed by experienced and inexperienced clinicians (2009)

Simple visual inspection may not be considered a valuable method to identify the gingival biotype as nearly half of the high-risk patients are overlooked.
Admission Preferences for Minority Students, Athletes, and Legacies at Elite Universities<sup>*</sup> (2004)

Objective. This study examines how preferences for different types of applicants exercised by admission offices at elite universities influence the number and composition of admitted students. Methods. Logistic regression analysis is used to link information on the admission decision for 124,374 applications to applicants' SAT scores, race, athletic ability, and legacy status, among other variables. Results. Elite universities give added weight in admission decisions to applicants who have SAT scores above 1500, are African American, or are recruited athletes. A smaller, but still important, preference is shown to Hispanic students and to children of alumni. The athlete admission “advantage” has been growing, while the underrepresented minority advantage has declined. Conclusions. Elite colleges and universities extend preferences to many types of students, yet affirmative action—the only preference given to underrepresented minority applicants—is the one surrounded by the most controversy.
L'aportació de Carles Cardó (2011)

La ponencia versa sobre la vida i obra del desconegut Caries Cardo a partir de la lectura de varis deis seus articles i capitols de llibre. Amb l'analisi d'Els principis i Meditacio catalana se'ns mostra la seva defensa d'una tradicio nacionalista d'arrels cristianes. Quelcom que connecta amb els seus articles publicats a La paraula cristiana, apareguts l'any 1936, on veiem quina es precisament l'aportacio que podem esperar de la seva obra. Aquesta s'estructura en quatre idees clau: a) hi ha una tradicio d'arrels cristianes que es fonamental per entendre Catalunya; b) l'eix d'aquesta tradicio distingeix l'Estat de la Nacio; c) la Nacio es un fet cultural i linguistic, i tambe espiritual; d) l'aportacio cristiana reforca la cultura i la llengua a la llum de l'Evangeli.
Clinical Analysis of Pediatric Death Patients Visiting Emergency Center (2004)

Purpose:We analyzed pediatric death patients who visited Dong-Kang Hospital emergency center, in order to minimize unexpected pediatric deaths. Methods:The authors analyzed retrospectively the medical records of 110 pediatric patients who died before and within 24 hours after admission to the emergency center of Ulsan Dong-Kang General Hospital from January 1997 to December 2002. Results:We classified three categories by the cause of death, accident group(AG) 46 cases(41.8%), disease group(DG) 37 cases(33.6%), unknown cause group(UG) 27 cases(24.6%) respectively. The most common age was between two and five years of age(50.0%) in AG, under one month (40.5%) in DG, between one month and one year(51.9%) in UG respectively. The most common season was summer(37.0%) in AG, winter(51.4%) in DG, spring(37.1%) in UG respectively. The most common time on arrival was from 13:00 to 18:00(37.0%) in AG, from 7:00 to noon(43.2%) in DG, from midnight to 6:00(29.6%) and from 7:00 to noon(29.6%) in UG respectively. The most common type of accident was traffic accident(47.8%). The most common cause of death in DG was respiratory disorder(40.5%). Sudden infant death syndrome was the most common(37.1%) in unknown cause of death. Conclusion:Accidental injuries and severe chronic illnesses are the major cause of unexpected pediatric death. Legislation related to accidents and a parents teaching program for emergency situations are necessary to decrease cases of unexpected pediatric death. (Korean J Pediatr 2004;47:12- 17)
Achieving uniform nMOS device power distribution for sub-micron ESD reliability (1992)

The ESD reliability of the advanced sub-micron technologies is a major concern because of the shallow LDD junctions. This paper will show that by achieving uniform power distribution during the entire ESD event in a large multi-finger nMOS device of 0.6 mu m technology, protection levels in excess of 10 kV can be realized. The evidence of this uniform power distribution resulting from the multi-finger parasitic npn turn-on is shown through an emission microscopy analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
States in the Gap in Glassy Semiconductors (1975)

A model is discussed which for the first time provides a unified description of many electrical and optical properties of chalcogenide glasses. It is proposed that localized gap states are at dangling bonds, and that lattice-distortion effects are sufficiently strong that these states exhibit an effective negative electron-electron correlation energy.
Expression of FAP-1 by human colon adenocarcinoma: implication for resistance against Fas-mediated apoptosis in cancer (2004)

Although colon carcinoma cells express Fas receptors, they are resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Defects within the intracellular Fas signal transduction may be responsible. We investigated whether the Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1), an inhibitor of Fas signal transduction, contributed to this resistance in colon carcinomas. In vivo, apoptosis of cancer cells was detected in situ using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL). FAP-1, FasR, and Fas ligand (FasL) were detected using immunohistochemistry. In vitro, colon carcinoma cells were primarily cultured, and their sensitivity to Fas-mediated apoptosis was evaluated by treatment with agonistic anti-FasR CH11 IgM monoclonal antibody in the presence or absence of synthetic Ac-SLV (serine-leucine-valine) tripeptide. Fas-associated phosphatase-1 expression was detected in 20 out of 28 colon adenocarcinomas. In vivo, a positive correlation between the percentage of apoptotic tumour cells and the number of FasL-positive tumour infiltrating lymphocytes was observed in FAP-1 negative cancers, but not in FAP-1-positive ones. Primarily cultured colon cancer cells, which were refractory to CH-11-induced apoptosis, had higher expression of FAP-1 on protein and mRNA levels than the sensitive group. Resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis in tumour cells could be abolished by Ac-SLV tripetides. Fas-associated phosphatase-1 expression protects colon cancer cells from Fas-mediated apoptosis, and blockade of FAP-1 and FasR interaction sensitises tumour cells to Fas-dependent apoptosis.
Multicolor filter all-garnet magneto-optical photonic crystals (2012)

We demonstrate a multicolor optical filter and isolator based on a double-cavity magneto-optical (MO) photonic crystal. Being grown as a heteroepitaxial all-garnet multilayer, it compromises a strong MO response and high optical transmittance. Low-loss, high Faraday rotation passbands as well as strong light rejection within the stop band were achieved by optimization of distance between cavities and repetition number of distributed Bragg reflectors.
The action of selective CRAC channel blockers is affected by the Orai pore geometry (2012)

As the molecular composition of calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channels has been unknown for two decades, elucidation of selective inhibitors has been considerably hampered. By the identification of the two key components of CRAC channels, STIM1 and Orai1 have emerged as promising targets for CRAC blockers. The aim of this study was to thoroughly characterize the effects of two selective CRAC channel blockers on currents derived from STIM1/Orai heterologoulsy expressed in HEK293 cells. The novel compounds GSK-7975A and GSK-5503A were tested for effects on STIM1 mediated Orai1 or Orai3 currents by whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and for the effects on STIM1 oligomerisation or STIM1/Orai coupling by FRET microscopy. To investigate their site of action, inhibitory effects of these molecules were explored using Orai pore mutants. The GSK blockers inhibited Orai1 and Orai3 currents with an IC(50) of approximately 4μM and exhibited a substantially slower rate of onset than the typical pore blocker La(3+), together with almost no current recovery upon wash-out over 4min. For the less Ca(2+)-selective Orai1 E106D pore mutant, I(CRAC) inhibition was significantly reduced. FRET experiments indicated that neither STIM1-STIM1 oligomerization nor STIM1-Orai1 coupling was affected by these compounds. These CRAC channel blockers are acting downstream of STIM1 oligomerization and STIM1/Orai1 interaction, potentially via an allosteric effect on the selectivity filter of Orai. The elucidation of these CRAC current blockers represents a significant step toward the identification of CRAC channel-selective drug compounds.
As Uninsured Rate Drops, Affordability Challenges Grow. (2016)

Hospitals are facing growing financial pressure from insured patient's affordability challenges, according to recent poll results.
About the physical meaning of the critical temperature for catastrophic optical damage in high power quantum well laser diodes (2016)

It is usually assumed that the catastrophic optical damage of high power laser diodes is launched when a critical local temperature (Tc) is reached; temperatures ranging from 120 °C to 200 °C were experimentally reported. However, the physical meaning of Tc in the degradation process is still unclear. In this work we show that, in the presence of a local heat source in the active region, the temperature of the laser structure, calculated using finite element methods, is widely inhomogeneously distributed among the different layers forming the device. This is due to the impact that the low dimensionality and the thermal boundary resistances have on the thermal transport across the laser structure. When these key factors are explicitly considered, the quantum well (QW) temperature can be several hundred degrees higher than the temperature of the guides and cladding layers. Due to the size of the experimental probes, the measured critical temperature is a weighted average over the QW, guides, and claddings. We show the existence of a large difference between the calculated average temperature, equivalent to the experimentally measured temperature, and the peak temperature localized in the QW. A parallel study on double heterostructure lasers is also included for comparison.
An examination of the relationship between practice skills and academic course performance in social work training (1988)

Abstract This paper reports a small scale study of one cohort of CQSW students. Various indicators of course work are related to social work tutors' evaluations of student abilities in their practice fieldwork placements. The results show that while low academic achievement does not predict the student's level of practice skills, good academic achievement is linked to a positive rating in these skills. Two-year non-graduate CQSW students are given better skill ratings by course tutors than their more highly qualified postgraduate CQSW colleagues. It is suggested that both performing well in academic work and having longer training are important in producing students showing good practice skills.
NOVEL SYNTHESIS OF MONOETHERS OF HYDROQUINONE AND RESORCINOL ON SOLUBLE POLYMER-SUPPORTS (2002)

ABSTRACT Monoethers of hydroquinone and resorcinol were easily prepared using PEG as soluble polymer-supports, monoprotection group and phase transfer catalyst with good yields and high selectivity of functionlization in homogenous solution.
Tissue Distribution of Human Papillomavirus 16 DNA Integration in Patients with Tonsillar Carcinoma (2005)

HPV-16 is strongly associated with carcinomas arising from the oropharynx, and integration is tightly coupled to the neoplastic process. Viral integration does not occur as a field alteration throughout normal tonsillar epithelium. P16 expression localizes to HPV-positive cancers, and is intrinsic to the specialized epithelium of the tonsillar crypts. For risk assessment, early cancer detection and disease surveillance, evidence of HPV-16 integration may represent a meaningful finding, whereas high p16 expression, by itself, may not.
In Vitro Antifungal Activity of Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola against Some Phytopathogenic Fungi (2012)

The trend to search novel microbial natural biocides has recently been increasing in order to avoid the environmental pollution from use of synthetic pesticides. Among these novel natural biocides are the bioactive secondary metabolites of Burkholderia gladioli pv. agaricicola (Bga). The aim of this study is to determine antifungal activity of Bga strains against some phytopathogenic fungi. The fungicidal tests were carried out using cultures and cell-free culture filtrates against Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Phytophthora cactorum. Results demonstrated that all tested strains exert antifungal activity against all studied fungi by producing diffusible metabolites which are correlated with their ability to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes. All strains significantly reduced the growth of studied fungi and the bacterial cells were more bioactive than bacterial filtrates. All tested Bulkholderia strains produced volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which inhibited the fungal growth and reduced the growth rate of Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani. GC/MS analysis of VOCs emitted by strain Bga 11096 indicated the presence of a compound that was identified as 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-cyclohexene, a liquid hydrocarbon classified as cyclic terpene. This compound could be responsible for the antifungal activity, which is also in agreement with the work of other authors.
Electropolishing of CP Titanium and Its Alloys in an Alcoholic Solution-based Electrolyte (2008)

A newly developed electropolishing system, equipped with an original agitation function for an electrolyte and using a safe electrolyte composed of an alcoholic solution, was applied for wrought and cast CP titanium and its alloys. Surface roughness and morphology of the polished surfaces were then examined. Under an electrolytic condition of 70-75 V, 2.0 kA/m2, and 30 degrees C, wrought CP Ti and Ti-6Al-4V alloy achieved an apparent mirror-like finishing with an average surface roughness (Ra) of 0.03 and 0.12 microm respectively. Under the same condition, on the other hand, cast CP Ti and Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy produced rougher polished surfaces with average Ra values of 0.67-0.80 microm, and the finishing was apparently shiny, but not mirror-like. SEM observation of the polished surfaces showed that wrought CP Ti was even and completely featureless, while wrought Ti-6Al-4V alloy was pitted. For cast CP Ti, a needle-like phase containing traces of iron was observed on the polished surface.