gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective self-training author name disambiguation in scholarly digital libraries (2010)

Name ambiguity in the context of bibliographic citation records is a hard problem that affects the quality of services and content in digital libraries and similar systems. Supervised methods that exploit training examples in order to distinguish ambiguous author names are among the most effective solutions for the problem, but they require skilled human annotators in a laborious and continuous process of manually labeling citations in order to provide enough training examples. Thus, addressing the issues of (i) automatic acquisition of examples and (ii) highly effective disambiguation even when only few examples are available, are the need of the hour for such systems. In this paper, we propose a novel two-step disambiguation method, SAND (Self-training Associative Name Disambiguator), that deals with these two issues. The first step eliminates the need of any manual labeling effort by automatically acquiring examples using a clustering method that groups citation records based on the similarity among coauthor names. The second step uses a supervised disambiguation method that is able to detect unseen authors not included in any of the given training examples. Experiments conducted with standard public collections, using the minimum set of attributes present in a citation (i.e., author names, work title and publication venue), demonstrated that our proposed method outperforms representative unsupervised disambiguation methods that exploit similarities between citation records and is as effective as, and in some cases superior to, supervised ones, without manually labeling any training example.
Absorptionsspektren von halogenierten Methanen im Bereich von 275 bis 160 nm bei Temperaturen von 298 und 208 K (1977)

Abstract Die Absorptionsspektren der halogenierten Methane CCl 3 F, CCl 2 F 2 , CHCl 2 F, CHClF 2 und CH 3 Cl wurden im Wellenlängenbereich von 275 bis 160 nm bei 298 und 208 K bestimmt.
MUC1 and MUC2 in pancreatic neoplasia: Figure 1 (2004)

MUCs are glycoproteins with various roles in homeostasis and carcinogenesis. Among other actions, MUC1 may inhibit cell-cell and cell-stroma interactions and function as a signal transducer, participating in cancer progression. In contrast, MUC2 is normally found only in goblet cells, where it contributes to the protective barrier function of these cells. Recently, a tumour suppressor role has been demonstrated for MUC2, and both MUC1 and MUC2 appear to have important roles in pancreatic neoplasia. MUC1 appears to be a marker of aggressive phenotype and may facilitate the vascular spread of carcinoma cells. In contrast, MUC2 is rarely detectable in aggressive pancreatic tumours, but is commonly expressed in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), which are rare, indolent tumours, in intestinal IPMNs, and in indolent colloid carcinomas. MUC2 appears to be not only a marker of this indolent pathway, but also partly responsible for its less aggressive nature. Thus, in pancreatic neoplasia, MUC1 and MUC2 have potential diagnostic and prognostic value as markers of aggressive and indolent phenotypes, respectively, and have potential as therapeutic targets.
<b> Gestão da informação e gestão do conhecimento na prática organizacional: análise de estudos de casos </b> <br><i> Information management and knowledge management in the organizational practice: cases’ studies analysis <br> (2011)

Estudos sobre gestão de conhecimento (GC) e gestão da informação (GI) vêm sendo apresentados em profusão na literatura. Diversas discussões emergem a respeito das principais divergências e convergências destes conceitos, mas na prática a distinção ainda é bastante confusa. Desta forma, a proposta deste estudo é identificar as principais características de GC e de GI, por meio da literatura e pela análise de estudos de caso de empresas brasileiras apresentados no livro Gestão do Conhecimento no Brasil, organizado por Angeloni (2008). Os resultados demonstram e exemplificam a adoção de várias práticas de gestão como: lista de discussões, universidade corporativa, compartilhamento de conhecimento e experiências, entre outras, que em alguns casos culminaram na Gestão do Conhecimento.AbstractStudies about knowledge management (KM) and information management (IM) have been presented in great quantity in the literature nowadays. There are several discussions regarding the main divergences and convergences of these concepts, but in practice the difference is still quite confused. This way, the proposal of this study is to identify the main characteristics of KM and IM, through the literature review and by analysis of compared Brazilian companies’ casse presented in the book Knowledge Management in Brazil, organized by Angeloni (2008). The results demonstrate and exemplify the adoption of several management practices like: list of discussions, corporate university, knowledge and experiences sharing, among others, that in some cases resulted in Knowledge Management.Keywords: Information management; Knowledge management; Organizational practice
The purification and some properties of rusticyanin, a blue copper protein involved in iron(II) oxidation from <i>Thiobacillus ferro-oxidans</i> (1978)

The 'blue' copper-containing protein rusticyanin was purified to homogeneity from cells of the chemolithotrophic bacterium Thiobacillus ferro-oxidans by (NH4)SO4 fractionation and ion-exchange chromatography. The protein, which is stable at low pH, consists of a single polypeptide chain of mol. wt. 16500 and possesses 0.79 (+/- 0.28)g-atom of Cu/mol. The protein, which does not contain arginine residues, has optical absorbance maxima at 287, 450, 597 and 750 nm and is generally similar to azurin. The isolated protein is reduced directly by Fe2+ with a 1:1 stoicheiometry to Cu. On reduction by Fe2+ the absorption peaks at 450, 597 and 750 nm are abolished, with the appearance of a new absorption band at 320 nm. The results obtained are consistent with rusticyanin being the initial acceptor of electrons from Fe2+ during respiratory iron oxidation.
Autoimmune Reactions Against Liver Cells by Syngeneic Neuraminidase-Treated Lymphocytes (1979)

We have found that the entrapment of neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes in the liver leads to the induction of autoimmune cellular cytotoxic reactions. Lymphocytes from mouse spleen and thymus were incubated with neuraminidase in vitro and injected i.v. into syngeneic recipients. Lymphocytic infiltrations into the liver were seen 7 days later with both types of cells. After repeated weekly injections of asialo-lymphocytes, destruction of liver tissue became apparent. Electron-microscopic studies showed that hepatocytes, fat storage cells, and endothelial cells were affected, mainly at the hepatic periphery. It is concluded that the adhesion of asialo-lymphocytes to liver cells induces their cytotoxic activity. Similar reactions may occur after paramyxovirus infection due to the action of viral neuraminidase.
Quality enhancement of adaptively compressed images using bit plane removal (2014)

We propose a quality enhancement algorithm for linear adaptive compression using bit plane reduction. Compression is based on the observation that least significant bit(LSB) planes can be removed without affecting the perceptual quality of the image. It also makes use of the fact that the bits in a bit plane repeat and hence can be compressed losslessly by encoding. At the receiver end, the quality of decompressed image is improved by random bit replacement. The proposed method can be used for image quality enhancement after lossy compression or near lossless compression. The proposed method has comparable compression ratio at better PSNR and less computational complexity in comparison to JPEG 2000. It achieves better compression ratio in comparison to TIFF at same perceptual quality. The time complexity of the proposed method is only O(n).
Purification and characterization of a superoxide dismutase from <i>Panax ginseng</i> (2010)

A superoxide dismutase (SOD) with the molecular weight of 31,079 has been purified as a homodimer from Panax ginseng by employing neutral pH buffer extraction, ammonium sulfate precipitation, isoelectric point precipitation and ion exchange methods. The enzyme's specific activity determined by an improved Marklund method was 9480.43 U/mg. Metal analysis showed that the SOD contained iron with the stoichiometry of 0.9 ± 0.3 Fe/subunit and exhibited high thermal stability (70 °C) over the pH range from 4.0 to 9.0. Its maximum absorption wavelength was 278 nm and it was sensitive to hydrogen peroxide, trichloromethane-ethanol and urea. These results indicate that the enzyme is an iron SOD.
Crystal Orientation Effect on Electric Energy Storage in Poly(vinylidene fluoride-<i>co</i>-hexafluoropropylene) Copolymers (2009)

By using different preparation and processing methods, poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF−HFP)] films with different crystal orientations were fabricated. Anisotropic dielectric properties and different electric energy storages were observed in these films. When the PVDF crystals in a film oriented with their c-axes perpendicular to the applied electric field, they exhibited large polarizability because the CF2 dipole moments were randomly distributed in a plane parallel to the electric field. As a result, high dielectric constant and high electric energy density were achieved. On the contrary, when the crystal c-axes in a film oriented parallel to the electric field (or the CF2 dipole moments perpendicular to the electric field), polarization became difficult. Consequently, low dielectric constant and low electric energy density resulted. The anisotropic polarizability was also displayed at high electric fields as evidenced by the difference in the remnant/maximum polarization and the dipole switching field for different crystal orientations. These results provide us a guidance to achieve optimal crystalline morphology in PVDF random copolymer films for high electric energy storage applications.
Secure authentication system incorporating hand shapes verification and cryptography techniques (2004)

In the case of authentication through an open network, such as non-face-to-face trading, cryptography techniques are adopted (public key cryptography and digital signature) to avoid unauthorized use of the biometric information and guarantee the integrity of data. In this paper, the integrity and authenticity of biometric information can be maintained and verified using a digital signature technique. We have developed a prototype system in which the system is applied to a smart-card-based workflow. Initial evaluation of the prototype system is encouraging. Similar techniques can be used to authenticate people for more flexible application.
Detecting sources of heat loss in residential buildings from infrared imaging (2011)

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer: molecular mechanisms (2005)

Every living organism on the surface of the earth is exposed to the ultraviolet (UV) fraction of the sunlight. This electromagnetic energy has both life-giving and life-endangering effects. UV radiation can damage DNA and thus mutagenize several genes involved in the development of the skin cancer. The presence of typical signature of UV-induced mutations on these genes indicates that the ultraviolet-B part of sunlight is responsible for the evolution of cutaneous carcinogenesis. During this process, variable alterations of the oncogenic, tumor-suppressive, and cell-cycle control signaling pathways occur. These pathways include (a) mutated PTCH (in the mitogenic Sonic Hedgehog pathway) and mutated p53 tumor-suppressor gene in basal cell carcinomas, (b) an activated mitogenic ras pathway and mutated p53 in squamous cell carcinomas, and (c) an activated ras pathway, inactive p16, and p53 tumor suppressors in melanomas. This review presents background information about the skin optics, UV radiation, and molecular events involved in photocarcinogenesis.
Low-loss propagation in Cr^4+:YAG double-clad crystal fiber fabricated by sapphire tube assisted CDLHPG technique (2008)

Cr4+:YAG double-clad crystal fiber with an uniform 10-microm core was fabricated by using a sapphire tube as a heat capacitor to stabilize the power fluctuation of the CO2 laser in the co-drawing laser-heated pedestal growth system. The uniformity of the fiber core showed a factor of 3 improvement compared to that without the use of sapphire tube. The variation of the core diameter is within the +/-1.35-degree adiabatic criterion and has a autocorrelation length of 1.7 mm. The measured propagation loss is only 0.02 dB/cm. The sapphire tube also reduces the vertical temperature gradient during the crystal fiber growth process so the 10-microm crystal core exhibits a smooth perimeter. The sapphire tube assisted system can be applied to the growth of many other optical crystal materials.
The use of glycerol intercalates in the exchange of CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>with SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>or Cl<sup>−</sup>in pyroaurite-type compounds (1991)

Abstract Strongly held carbonates anions in the interlayer region of pyroaurite-type compounds, [ Ml II 1− x M2 III x (OH) 2 ] x + [(CO 3 ) x /2 y H 2 O] x − ( x = 0·15−0·44), can be relatively easily exchanged by other anions such as NO 3 − , Cl − or SO 4 2− dissolved in heated glycerol. Some Fe(III) of pyroaurite is reduced to Fe(II) by the glycerol treatment. If pyroaurite is treated with glycerol in the absence of dissolved anions or with glycerol vapour at 120°C, glycerol becomes intercalated in the interlayers. In all examples the interlayer CO 3 2− is partially or completely lost as CO 2 . In aqueous salt solutions a glycerol intercalated form allows other anions to substitute in the interlayer. Expansion in the c -axis direction following glycerol treatment depends on (1) the method of glycerol treatment, (2) the trivalent metal in the octahedral sheet, and (3) the interlayer anions. Heated glycerol causes a different expansion to that produced by its vapour phase at 120°C. The variation in d (003) follows the series: hydrotalcite vap . > pyroaurite vap. > hydrotalcite liquid > pyroaurite liquid > SO 4 2− -pyroaurite vap . > SO 4 2− -hydrotalcite vap. , where liquid refers to glycerol used at 160–180°C and vap. refers to glycerol vapour at 120°C Carbonate-free, glycerol-intercalated pyroaurite compounds may serve as re-usable anion absorbers. Glycerol intercalates of pyroaurite-type compounds may also be useful to study and identify stacking sequences and interlayer compositions in these minerals.
Excavations at Wadi Fidan 4: A Chalcolithic Village Complex in the Copper Ore District of Feinan, Southern Jordan (1995)

The site of Wadi Fidan 4 can now be definitively dated as an extended village settlement of the Chalcolithic period. Excavation in Areas A, Band D as well as surface survey of the site indicate that the entire surface of the plateau was covered by buildings. At present no full botanical or faunal reports are available, and as a result little can be said about the subsistence economy. It is clear however from the metallurgical finds and mining picks found on the site, that this community was involved in the mining and smelting of copper. The extent of metal production is probably associated with small-scale domestic production ('household' or 'cottage industry'), as has also been attested on a number of other Chalcolithic sites such as Shiqmim (Levy et al. 1987), Tell Magass (Khalil 1988) and Tell Abu Matar (Perrot 1955). Contrary to later periods, ore was not smelted directly at the mine, but was transported and processed inside the domestic settlements. This seems to be characteristic for metallurgical practices of the Chalcolithic and beginning of the Early Bronze Age, and is paralleled by contemporary sites in Anatolia (Hauptmann and Weisgerber, forthcoming). Wadi Fidan 4 is the first site which is situated in a copper-producing area that shows indisputable evidence of Chalcolithic metallurgical activities.4 This site is not, however, an isolated settlement in the Fidan/Feinan region. Survey has revealed a concentration of Chalcolithic settlements in the Fidan/Feinan area (MacDonald 1992, 56 ff.), including a Chalcolithic cemetery directly opposite Wadi Fidan 4 on the north side of the Wadi Fidan (Adams (1991, 181), as well as a Chalcolithic phase at Tell Wadi Feinan (Najjar et at. 1990, 40). This is hardly surprising since recent work has attested extensive Chalcolithic mining activities in the area (Hauptmann, Weisgerber and Knauf 1985, 171ff.), marking it as one of the main sources for copper during the Chalcolithic period of the Southern Levant (Levy and Shalev 1989, 359; Shalev and Northover 1987, 357 and 362).
The illness behavior of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease with and without endoscopic esophagitis (1997)

The aim of this study was to determine if patients who experience heartburn but have no objective evidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease are responding appropriately to their symptoms. One hundred and forty patients who had been referred for investigations of heartburn (75 males, 65 females, mean age 48 years) answered an Illness Behavior Questionnaire. All patients underwent pH monitoring tests, and endoscopy results were obtained for 119 patients. There was objective evidence of reflux disease on endoscopy or pH monitoring in 105 patients and no objective evidence of reflux in 35 patients. Sixty-six patients were endoscopy-'positive' while 53 patients were endoscopy-'negative'. The Illness Behavior Questionnaires for the four groups were analysed for seven scales of illness behavior and these were compared with reference populations. Patients with heartburn but no objective reflux were similar to those with heartburn and objective reflux on all scales of the Illness Behavior Questionnaire. The reflux group without endoscopic esophagitis also responded to their symptoms in the same way as those with endoscopic esophagitis. It is concluded that a patient's perception of symptoms in gastroesophageal reflux is probably not related to the degree of esophageal mucosal damage.
Low-distortion CMOS complementary class E RF tuned power amplifiers (2000)

A low distortion tuned power amplifier which is suitable for integrated circuit implementation is proposed. The amplifier is a complementary class-E tuned power amplifier because of both P-type and N-type transistors are employed to achieve a highly symmetrical topology, thereby reducing the significant distortion in the output signal of the conventional single-ended class-E power amplifier. In this paper, a complementary class-E power amplifier is presented together with HSPICE simulation results.
走路与找路——“过塑”商机 (2009)

金融海啸，不少人一夜之间失去很多资产财富，于是奥斯卡大奖片《贫民富翁》备受追捧。与此同时，一位“中国版贫民富翁”林A，也成为最近网络关注的人物。我们几经周折了解到，林A是一位企业家。萁创业和成功经历颇具传奇色彩。林A先生以自己真实的成长心路为主线，结合“发掘自己”如何去改变人生的课程理念，写就了一本独创的“体验式”心灵成长励志书籍——《洗心改命——从负翁到富翁的秘密》。这本书运用看故事、悟道理和互动体验结合的方式，让读者一起参与互动，从而感悟人生、改善命运。经作者同意，本刊摘选其中的精彩内容。以飨读者。
A study of synthetic-aperture imaging with virtual source elements in B-mode ultrasound imaging systems (2000)

We propose an all point transmit and receive focusing method based on transmit synthetic focusing combined with receive dynamic focusing in a linear array transducer. In the method, on transmit, a virtual source element is assumed to be located at the transmit focal depth of conventional B-mode imaging systems, and transmit synthetic focusing is used in two half planes, one before and the other after the transmit focal depth, using the RF data of each scanline, together with all other relevant RF scanline data previously stored. The proposed new method uses the same data acquisition scheme as the conventional focusing method while maintaining the same frame rate via high-speed signal processing, but it is not suitable for imaging moving objects. It improves upon the lateral resolution and sidelobe level at all imaging depths. Also, it increases the transmit power and image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), due to transmit field synthesis, and extends the image penetration depth as well. Evaluations with simulation and experimental data show much improvement in resolution and SNR at all imaging depths.
Influence of Temperature and HCl Concentration on Mercury Speciation in the Presence of Calcium Oxide (CaO) (2001)

The behavior of mercury and its compounds in the flue gas of a mixed combustion of coal and secondary fuel is investigated. In an experimental entrained-flow reactor for combustion of pulverized fuels, fly ash and gaseous samples were taken and analyzed for their mercury concentrations. In laboratory tests the mechanisms observed in the reactor were studied in detailed investigations with the purpose of confirming and partly quantifying the influence of temperature and HCl concentration on mercury speciation in the presence of CaO particles.
Physiological Development of Cockerels as Influenced by Selected Wavelengths of Environmental Light (1972)

The effects of narrow-band light at equal energy levels on the development of cockerels were investigated. A total of 216 chicks were raised in conventional electrically heated starting batteries until 6 weeks of age. They were then allotted to environmental chambers and exposed to one of the following light treatments for 35 days: blue (450 nm.), green (545 nm.), red (650 nm.), far-red (750 nm.), dark or white. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Chick growth was significantly (P < .05) stimulated by a green light environment (peak 545 nm.) when compared to any other light environment. This was not accompanied by an increase in feed consumption. Chicks grew about as well in complete darkness as under white lights. The wavelength of light environment affected the reproductive development of the chick. Larger pituitary glands, containing significantly (P < .01) more gonadotropin hormone, were obtained from birds receiving the red (peak 650 nm.) or white light treatments, compared to the other light treatments. Testes weight and comb weights followed a similar pattern, indicating release as well as production of pituitary gonadotropin hormones. The pituitary glands from chicks grown under far-red (peak 750 nm.) environment contained the least gonadotropin. This difference was significant (P < .05) for all values except that obtained for the dark environment.
[Determination of trace arsenic in Chinese traditional medicine by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry]. (2007)

A hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry method was developed for the determination of trace arsenic in CTM. A digestion system using HNO3-H2O2 under high pressure was applied for the pretreatment of the samples. The experimental conditions were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, there was a good linear relationship between the fluorescence intensity and arsenic concentration in the range of 0-80 microg x L(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, while the detection limit was 0.069 microg x L(-1). Trace arsenic in the standard reference substance (GBW08501) was determined incording this way and the results for six times of analysis were in good agreement with certified value. The authors also studied the arsenic contents in three kinds of CTM by the working curve method and the results were satisfactory.