gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial Synthesis of Nucleotides (1964)

General properties of bacterial nucleoside phosphotransferase were demonstrated. Nucleoside phosphotransferase activity was observed somewhere in cells, and the activity and the specificity for donor and product in this reaction are described to be due to the basic character of strains. Such aromatic phosphates as p-nitrophenylphosphate, phenylphosphate, benzylphosphate and the nucleotides were apparent to be useful for nucleotide synthesis, and the ability as donor did not always depend upon the energy consideration. The product specificity of this reaction was confirmed to correlate with nucleotide isomer added as donor; that is, the bacteria characterized to phosphorylate at 5′-position of nucleoside catalyzed the interconversion of phosphoryl or phosphate radical between 5′-nuclotides and those characterized to do at 3′(& 2′)-position of nucleoside catalyzed the interconversion of that between 3′(& 2′)-nucleotides. The phosphoryl or phosphate transfer reaction using nucleotide as donor is reversible but that using p-nitrophenylphosphate as donor is irreversible. The factors to get a good yield on the synthesis of 5′-inosinic acid were discussed, then the maximum yield was accounted to 80%. The effects of reagents known so far as the inhibitors of acid phosphatases and of the metallic ions on the nucleoside phosphotransferase activity were studied to get a good yield of 5′-inosinic acid using the intact cells of bacteria. The effects of them on phosphomonoesterase and 5′-nuclotidase activities which might correlate with the synthesis and accumulation of 5′-inosinic acid were also studied. From these experiments, it was apparent that few reagents inhibit the synthesis of 5′-inosinic acid, and that Cu++ or Zn++ has a stimulating effect on the synthesis of nucleotide (1), shifts the optimum pH of this activity from 5.0 to 4.0 (2), stimulates 5′-nucleotidase and phosphomonoesterase activities at pH 4.0 (3) and inhibits the ability to form hypoxanthine from inosine (4). These effects of metallic ions are described not to correlate with the permeability of cell membrane or with the nitro radical at para-position of phenylphosphate and to be different from each other on the protecting ability from acidic inactivation, on phosphomonoesterase activity and on the synthesis of nucleotide at pH 5.0.
Soft biodegradable polymersomes from caprolactone-derived polymers (2012)

Polymersomes have promise for advanced theranostic delivery. We report here the design and characterization of a series of block copolymers that assemble into soft, bioresorbable, and non-toxic vesicles. The polymers are based on poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(caprolactone), but the caprolactone (CL) is copolymerized with a second monomer, 1,4,8-trioxaspiro-[4,6]-9-undecanone (TOSUO). Because TOSUO polymers have no crystalline character, copolymerizing TOSUO with CL should reduce the crystallinity of the polymersomes. After synthesizing polymers with different ratios of CL to TOSUO, we found that all copolymers assemble into both micron and nano-metric vesicles. Increasing the TOSUO content of the copolymer reduces the polymer crystalline melting temperature and the area expansion modulus of vesicle membranes. Membranes with partial crystalline structure exhibit hysteresis in the tension versus strain curve during aspiration. Vesicles are not cytotoxic and exhibit first-order release of encapsulated gemcitabine. These materials are promising for the development of deformable, biodegradable polymersomes for biomedical applications.
Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of α- or β-Glucosides Using a Single Glycosyl Donor, 1-O-2′-(2′-Methoxyethoxy)acetyl-Glucopyranose Derivative (1993)

Abstract In the presence of a catalytic amount of active acidic species generated from SnCl4 and AgClO4, various α-glucosides are stereoselectively synthesized in excellent yields from 1-O-2′-(2′-methoxyethoxy)acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose and alkyl trimethylsilyl ethers. β-Glucosides are also selectively prepared by using a catalyst, generated from SiCl4 and AgClO4 in the above reaction.
Functionalization of the periphery of calix[4]resorcinarenes with P(III)-containing substituents via hydroxy, trimethylsiloxy, and ethoxy-tethered trimethylsiloxy intermediates (1998)

Unlike C-undecylcalix[4]resorcinarene, C-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene 1 reacted with chlorodifluorophosphine in the absence of an auxiliary base to give the unstable octakis(difluorophosphite)-substituted derivative 2. The existence of two conformational isomers of 2 in solution was observed by 19F and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Attempts to react the octakis(trimethylsilyl)calix[4]resorcinarene 3 and its tetrabromo derivative 4 with phosphorus trichloride and chlorodifluorophosphine were unsuccessful. The ethoxy-tethered C-methyl-octakis(trimeth-ylsilyl)calix[4]resorcinarene 5 was allowed to react with 2-chloro-1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-triaza-2σ3λ3-phosphorin-4,6-dione and chlorodifluorophosphine. By substitution of all trimethylsilyl groups, the octakis(phosphorus(III))-substituted compounds 6 and 7 were formed. As for 2, dynamic behavior in solution was observed for 6 and 7, arising from the equilibrium between different conformational isomers. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 9:553–558, 1998
Thyroxin induced moult in domestic hen. (1988)

Two identical experiments were carried out in domestic hens treated with a lower (0.2 mg/animal) or a higher (0.4 mg/animal) dose of thyroxin (T4), for 21 consecutive days. The low dose diminished egg production, but did not result in moulting while the higher dose stopped egg laying on the 16th day and caused the loss of contour feathers from the 14th day on. The new plumage was completely developed in this group on about the 42th day. The plasma progesterone concentration showed an increase in both thyroxin treated groups, but is was only continuous and significant in the fowls treated with 0.4 mg T4. In this group the peak value of progesterone was synchronous with the most intensive feather loss. In the other group the tendency for increased levels of progesterone was of shorter duration and not significant. Plasma oestrone levels were depressed by the treatment in both groups and increased significantly only in the moulted fowls after administration of T4 was stopped. This increase may be associated with feather growth and regeneration of the oviduct. Plasma 17-beta oestradiol and testosterone concentrations did not change in the T4 treated groups. Plasma corticosterone concentration increased continuously only in the moulting animals. The results suggest that on one hand thyroxin has a role in the endocrine regulation of moulting and, on the other, that a thyroxin-progesterone synergism is of significance in the process.
Demonstration of Enhanced Bioremediation in a TCE Source Area at Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (2008)

Abstract The ability of bioremediation to treat a source area containing trichloroethene (TCE) present as dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) was assessed through a laboratory study and a pilot test at Launch Complex 34, Cape Canaveral Air Force Center. The results of microcosm testing indicate that the indigenous microbial community was capable of dechlorinating TCE to ethene if amended with electron donor; however, bioaugmentation with a dechlorinating culture (KB‐1; SiREM, Guelph, Ontario, Canada) significantly increased the rate of ethene formation. In microcosms, the activity of the dechlorinating organisms in KB‐1 was not inhibited at initial TCE concentrations as high as 2 mM. The initially high TCE concentration in ground water (1.2 mM or 155 mg/L) did not inhibit reductive dechlorination, and at the end of the study, the average concentration of ethene (2.4 mM or 67 mg/L) was in stoichiometric excess of this initial TCE concentration. The production of ethene in stoichiometric excess in comparison to the initial TCE concentration indicates that the bioremediation treatment enhanced the removal of TCE mass (either sorbed to soil or present as DNAPL). Detailed soil sampling indicated that the bioremediation treatment removed greater than 98.5% of the initial TCE mass. Confirmatory ground water samples collected 22 months after the bioremediation treatment indicated that chloroethene concentrations had continued to decline in the absence of further electron donor addition. The results of this study confirm that dechlorination to ethene can proceed at the high TCE concentrations often encountered in source areas and that bioremediation was capable of removing significant TCE mass from the test plot, suggesting that enhanced bioremediation is a potentially viable remediation technology for TCE source areas. Dehalococcoides abundance increased by 2 orders of magnitude following biostimulation and bioaugmentation.
Reactions of Dibenzyl Diselenides with Alkali Metal Hydrides (1992)

Sodium and potassium hydrides in dimethylformamide react on the benzylic hydrogens of dibenzyl diselenides and lead, depending upon the structure of the starting material, to a large variety of compounds. The formation of most of them is compatible with the intermediary formation of a selone. All our efforts aimed to isolate or to trap such an intermediate proved to be unsuccessful.
Insulin Activity: Stimulatory Effects of Cinnamon and Brewer&rsquo;s Yeast as Influenced by Albumin (1992)

Cinnamon and Brewer's yeast extracts have been shown to potentiate the action of insulin in isolated adipocytes. In this study, isolated rat epididymal adipocytes were used to evaluate the influence of bovine serum albumin on insulin activity as affected by cinnamon and Brewer's yeast extracts. Albumin at 0.01-0.1% decreased the insulin stimulatory effects of cinnamon from 11.8- to 5.3-fold and 2% albumin decreased this effect to near control levels. Conversely, the insulin-enhancing properties of Brewer's yeast remained low in the presence of less than 0.25% albumin but subsequently increased 2.8-, 4.8- and 5.6-fold in the presence of 0.25, 0.50 and 1.0% albumin, respectively. In the absence of added insulin, increased activity of the insulin-stimulated utilization of glucose by both extracts was observed but only Brewer's yeast extract displayed additive effects when tested at higher insulin levels. Due to the inhibitory and enhancing effects of albumin on the insulin activity of cinnamon and Brewer's yeast, respectively, it is suggested that the effects of albumin be assessed when evaluating the insulin-enhancing effects of other substances using isolated adipocytes.
EXERCISE EFFICIENCY DURING ARM ERGOMETRY (1983)

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of increasing work rate and speed of movement on efficiency during steady-state arm crank ergometry (ACE). Ten men exercised at speeds...
Endoscopic vs. laparoscopic gastrojejunostomy for duodenal obstruction: a randomized study in a porcine model (2011)

Purely endoscopic gastrojejunostomy using the developed technique and devices is feasible and can result in adequate relief of duodenal obstruction. Endoscopic anastomoses tend to be smaller than laparoscopic anastomoses, with the procedures being more time-consuming and associated with higher complication rates.
Cross sections for the vibrational excitation of the H2(<i>X</i>1∑+<i>g</i>) state via electron collisional excitation of the higher singlet states (1980)

The cross sections are reported for the collisional excitation of the ground state of hydrogen, H2X1∑+g (v″=0), leading to vibrational excitation of all fourteen v″ levels. These cross sections pertain to energetic electron collisions populating the B1∑+u and C1∏±u electronic states which in turn radiate to the X1∑+g(v″) levels. The cross sections are in the range 10−18–10−17 cm2. An estimate is made of contributions from higher states.
Evidence for Aggregation in Oxalate Stone Formation: Atomic Force and Low Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy (1996)

Our images suggest that an ordered aggregation of small crystallites is responsible for oxalate stone formation.
Synthesis of Antiproliferative <i>Cephalotaxus</i> Esters and Their Evaluation against Several Human Hematopoietic and Solid Tumor Cell Lines: Uncovering Differential Susceptibilities to Multidrug Resistance (2008)

Deoxyharringtonine (2), homoharringtonine (3), homodeoxyharringtonine (4), and anhydroharringtonine (5) are reported to be among the most potent members of the antileukemia alkaloids isolated from the Cephalotaxus genus. Convergent syntheses of these four natural products are described, each involving novel synthetic methods and strategies. These syntheses enabled evaluation of several advanced natural and non-natural compounds against an array of human hematopoietic and solid tumor cells. Potent cytotoxicity was observed in several cell lines previously not challenged with these alkaloids. Variations in the structure of the ester chain within this family of alkaloids confer differing activity profiles against vincristine-resistant HL-60/RV+, signalling new avenues for molecular design of these natural products to combat multi-drug resistance.
Essential role of Glu-C66 for menaquinol oxidation indicates transmembrane electrochemical potential generation by <i>Wolinella succinogenes</i> fumarate reductase (2000)

Quinol:fumarate reductase (QFR) is a membrane protein complex that couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related enzyme succinate:quinone reductase (succinate dehydrogenase). In the previously determined structure of QFR from Wolinella succinogenes, the site of fumarate reduction in the flavoprotein subunit A of the enzyme was identified, but the site of menaquinol oxidation was not. In the crystal structure, the acidic residue Glu-66 of the membrane spanning, diheme-containing subunit C lines a cavity that could be occupied by the substrate menaquinol. Here we describe that, after replacement of Glu-C66 with Gln by site-directed mutagenesis, the resulting mutant is unable to grow on fumarate and the purified enzyme lacks quinol oxidation activity. X-ray crystal structure analysis of the Glu-C66-->Gln variant enzyme at 3.1-A resolution rules out any major structural changes compared with the wild-type enzyme. The oxidation-reduction potentials of the heme groups are not significantly affected. We conclude that Glu-C66 is an essential constituent of the menaquinol oxidation site. Because Glu-C66 is oriented toward a cavity leading to the periplasm, the release of two protons on menaquinol oxidation is expected to occur to the periplasm, whereas the uptake of two protons on fumarate reduction occurs from the cytoplasm. Thus our results indicate that the reaction catalyzed by W. succinogenes QFR generates a transmembrane electrochemical potential.
Observations on the Antagonism Between Heparin and Trypsin. (1945)

Heparin does not appear to be specific antitryptic substance since it prevents neither the fall in blood pressure produced by trypsin in the dog nor the proteolytic activity of trypsin on a hemoglobin substrate. However, heparin does protect guinea pigs against the lethal effects of intravenously injected trypsin.
DARP-36aa Selectively Promotes Survival and Morphological Development of Cultured Mesencephalic Neurons (2003)

We examined the effects of DARP-36aa on the survival and morphological development of embryonic rat mesencephalic neurons. Treatment of mesencephalic cultures with DARP-36aa, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the N terminal of dopamine-releasing protein (DARP), resulted in a 1.8-fold increase in neuron survival. Morphological analysis revealed that DARP-36aa-treated neurons contained 48% more branching points per neuron compared with controls. DARP-36aa selectively affected mesencephalic cultures; diencephalic and C6 glioma cells were not affected by DARP-36aa treatments. Mesencephalic cultures were also incubated with polyclonal antibodies against DARP-36aa (anti-DARP-36aa) to assess the effect of immunoneutralization of endogenous DARP on these cells. Mesencephalic cultures treated with anti-DARP-36aa contained 43% fewer neurons, and the number of branching points per neuron was decreased by nearly twofold compared with cultures grown with medium alone. Similar to cultures treated with DARP-36aa, immunoneutralization of DARP had no effect on any parameters examined in primary diencephalic and C6 glioma cultures. Mesencephalic cultures maintained in the presence of DARP-36aa had a 3.2-fold increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-immunoreactive neurons, whereas anti-DARP-36aa incubations decreased TH-immunoreactive neurons by 40% compared with control cultures. Finally, coincubation of the specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein with DARP-36aa resulted in a complete attenuation of DARP-36aa-mediated neuron survival and development in mesencephalic cultures. The findings indicate that DARP-36aa is a novel neurotrophic peptide that selectively promotes the survival and development of mesencephalic neurons.
Removal of Foley Catheters in Live Donor Kidney Transplant Recipients on Postoperative Day 1 Does Not Increase the Incidence of Urine Leaks (2013)

Catheterization of the urinary bladder during kidney transplantation is essential. The optimal time to remove the Foley catheter postoperatively is not universally defined. It is our practice to remove the Foley catheter on postoperative day 1 in live donor kidney transplant recipients who meet our standardized protocol criteria. We believe that early removal of Foley catheters increases patient comfort and mobility, decreases the risk of catheter associated urinary tract infections, and allows for decreased hospital length of stay. The hypothetical risk of early removal of Foley catheters would be the increased risk of urine leak. We reviewed 120 consecutive live donor kidney transplant recipients and found that there was not an increased incidence of urine leaks in patients whose Foley catheters were removed on postoperative day 1.
Nanosensors: Batteryless Chemical Detection with Semiconductor Nanowires (Adv. Mater. 1/2011) (2010)

A batteryless chemical sensor is developed by Xianying Wang, Yinmin Wang, and co-workers on p. 117. The nanosensor relies on dynamic interactions of molecules with semiconductor nanowire surfaces that can induce electrical voltages between segments of nanowires. The work overcomes the power requirement of traditional sensors and has the advantage of simplicity, high sensitivity, and quickness in detecting various molecules.
Nanocomposite PMMA/SiO<SUB align=right>2: Brillouin scattering and tribological study (2010)

Nanocomposites based on SiO2 nanoparticles dispersed in a PMMA matrix have been successfully prepared and submitted to tribological tests and c11 measurements by Brillouin spectroscopy, so that to explore the elastic and wear behaviour of the material compared to pure PMMA. We show that the elastic constant and the stick-slip may be clearly different depending on the rate and the chemical bonding treatment of the nanoparticles. Correlation between these parameters is also discussed.
The fabrication of polysilicon thin film transistors by copper-induced lateral crystallization (2003)

The material properties and device characteristics of copper-induced polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) are investigated. In preparation of polysilicon through copper-induced lateral crystallization, it was found that the growth rate of copper-induced polysilicon is approximately 4-14 times faster than that of Ni-induced polysilicon and the grain size is 10-20 times smaller. The nucleation mechanism induced by copper is the normal phase transition of the accumulated thermal effect while that induced by Ni is the migration of NiSi/sub 2/. The Cu-induced poly-Si TFT exhibits a field effect mobility of 24 cm/sup 2//V-sec, a threshold voltage of 6.6 V, and a subthreshold swing of 3.26 V/decade at a drain voltage V/sub DS/=10 V.
Molecular dynamics simulations of oligosaccharides and their conformation in the crystal structure of lectin-carbohydrate complex: importance of the torsion angle ψ for the orientation of α1,6-arm (1994)

The conformation of the heptasaccharide Man-alpha 1,6-(Man-alpha 1,3)(Xyl-beta 1,2)-Man-beta 1,4-GlcNAc2-beta 1,4-(L- Fuc-alpha 1,3)-GlcNAc1, the carbohydrate moiety of Erythrina corallodendron lectin (EcorL), the hexasaccharide Man-alpha 1,6-(Man-alpha 1,3) (GlcNAc-beta 1,4)-Man-beta 1,4-GlcNAc-beta 1,4-GlcNAc and their disaccharide fragments have been studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 1000 ps with different initial conformations. In the isolated heptasaccharide, the most frequently accessed conformation during MD has a psi value of 180 degrees around Man-alpha 1,6-Man linkage. This conformation is stabilized by the formation of a hydrogen bond between the carbonyl oxygen of GlcNAc2 with the O3/O4 hydroxyls of the alpha 1,6-linked mannose residue. The conformation of the heptasaccharide found in the crystal structure of the EcorL-lactose complex (Shaanan et al., Science, 254, 862, 1991), that has a psi value of approximately 76 degrees around Man-alpha 1,6-Man linkage, is accessed, although less frequently, during MD of the isolated oligosaccharide. The phi, psi, chi = 58 degrees, -134 degrees, -60 degrees conformation around Man-alpha 1,6-Man fragment observed in the crystal structure of the Lathyrus ochrus lectin complexed with a biantennary octasaccharide (Table I in Homans, S.W., Glycobiology, 3, 551, 1993) has also been accessed in the present MD simulations. These psi values for the alpha 1,6-linkage, which are observed in the protein-carbohydrate crystal structures and are accessed in the MD simulations, though occasionally, have not been predicted from NMR studies. Furthermore, these different values of psi lead to significantly different orientations of the alpha 1,6-arm for the same value of chi. This contrasts with the earlier predictions that only different values of chi can bring about significant changes in the orientation of the alpha 1,6-arm. The MD simulations also show that the effects of bisecting GlcNAc or beta 1,2-xylose are very similar on the alpha 1,3-arm and slightly different on the alpha 1,6-arm.
Frequency channel blocking scheme in mesh-topology millimeter-wave broad-band entrance networks (2005)

This paper proposes a novel frequency channel blocking (FCB) scheme in mesh-topology millimeter-wave broad-band entrance networks. In the FCB scheme, any frequency channel is determined to be blocked according to not only the network throughput, but also the newly defined fairness index. As the results, the FCB scheme yields better throughput and fairness performances with a little increase in computational complexity compared to the conventional scheme.