gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Polyphenolics and Other Bioactive Compounds: A Traditional Islamic Remedy’s Potential in Prevention of Cell Damage, Cancer Therapeutics and Beyond (2015)

This review analyzes current studies of the therapeutic effects of Phoenix dactylifera, or date palm fruit, on the physiologic system. Specifically, we sought to summarize the effects of its application in preventing cell damage, improving cancer therapeutics and reducing damage caused by conventional chemotherapy. Phoenix dactylifera exhibits potent anti-oxidative properties both in vitro and in vivo. This allows the fruit to prevent depletion of intrinsic protection from oxidative cell damage and assist these defense systems in reducing cell damage. Macroscopically, this mechanism may be relevant to the prevention of various adverse drug events common to chemotherapy including hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, gastrotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy. While such effects have only been studied in small animal systems, research suggests a potential application to more complex mammalian systems and perhaps a solution to some problems of chemotherapy in hepato-compromised and nephro-compromised patients.
Intersite 4p-3d hybridization in cobalt oxides: a resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy study (2008)

We report on strong dipole transitions to 3d orbitals of neighboring Co atoms in the Co 1s x-ray absorption pre-edge. They are revealed by applying high-resolution resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy (RXES) to compounds containing CoO6 clusters. When contrasted to quadrupole local 1s3d excitations, these non-local 1s3d transitions are identified by their energy dispersion and angular dependence, their sensitivity to second-shell effects (i.e. the connection mode of the CoO6 octahedra and the bond lengths), and an upwards energy shift of 2.5 eV due to the poorer screening of the core hole. The experiment reveals that the intensity of the non-local transitions gauges the oxygen-mediated 4p-O-3d intersite hybridization. We propose a revised interpretation of the pre-edges of transition metal compounds. Detailed analysis of these new features in the pre-edge offers a unique insight in the oxygen mediated metal-metal interactions in transition metal-based systems, which is a crucial aspect in orbital ordering and related electronic and magnetic properties. In addition, the exceptional resolving power of the present 1s2p RXES experiment allows us to demonstrate the coherent second-order nature of the underlying scattering process.
Measurement of Fallout Cesium in the Pacific Ocean and in Terrestrial Effluents likely to alter Coastal Waters (1960)

A chemical technique has been developed for concentrating traces of fallout Cesium-137 in sea water (and in sewage) so that assay can be made rapidly with a gamma ray spectrometer. Measurements have been made of Cs-137 in surface waters of the eastern Pacific, especially near shore, and data are compared with fallout contamination reported elsewhere. Also a contemporary vertical profile of Cs-137 activity in the Pacific is given. The behavior of fallout activity in a large modern sewage treatment plant and in its oceanic outfall are discussed, and estimates are made of the probable effects in coastal areas.
Relation of Phytochrome-enhanced Geotropic Sensitivity to Ethylene Production (1972)

Brief exposure of etiolated pea (Pisum sativum cv. Alaska) seedlings to red light enhances subsequent development of geotropic curvature of the stem. Both this response and inhibition of ethylene production by red light become maximal 8 hours after illumination. Very low concentrations of applied ethylene inhibit development of geotropic curvature, whereas hypobaric treatment enhances geotropic sensitivity by removing endogenous ethylene. Increased geotropic sensitivity after illumination is accompanied by increased lateral migration of (3)H-indoleacetic acid in response to gravity, and ethylene inhibits this lateral migration. It is suggested, therefore, that red light-enhanced geotropic sensitivity is caused by increased lateral auxin transport resulting from a reduction in ethylene production after illumination.
Experiments on the pressure distribution and frictional torque in articulating pin joints (2010)

In its simplest form, aircraft landing gear consists of large structural members connected by pin joints that allow articulation, and hydraulic actuators for deployment. The design of these pin joints is critical to successful operation. In this article, the authors explore two related aspects of pin joint design: first the contact pressure distribution within the joint and second the frictional torque required to rotate the joint. The former is important in stress analysis and the latter in defining the required actuation force. The joint consists of a pin located within four bushes that are fixed into the structural member. Grease is fed into the bearing cavity. A purpose-built test rig was designed and built to hydraulically load and articulate a specimen pin within its bushes. A novel ultrasonic method was used to measure the contact pressure between the pin and bushes when the joint is subjected to a constant radial load. The method is based on recording the proportion of an ultrasonic pulse that reflects from the pin—bush contact. When there is no contact the pulse is fully reflected and when contact takes place the pulse is partially reflected. The proportion of the pulse reflected depends on the conformity of the surfaces and hence the contact pressure. The pressure profiles measured in this way were found to be approximately cosinusoidal, extending over an arc of±60° regardless of the radial load. The rotational torque and angular displacement were also measured during joint articulation cycles for a range of applied lateral pin loads. The results showed that articulation torques ranging from 20 to 150 kN m were required to rotate the pin as the lateral load was increased from 5 to 40 kN. An estimate of the friction coefficient between pin and bush can be obtained directly from this lateral load and torque data. However, an improved measurement, which includes the effect of the radial component of the lateral loading force, was obtained by combining the pressure distribution data with the torque data. Friction coefficients in the range 0.08–0.11 were deduced in this way and were found to increase slightly with load. This indicates that the joint operates in boundary-lubricated regime and that grease entrainment is an important factor.
A collagen‐polypyrrole hybrid: influence of 3‐butanesulfonate substitution (1995)

Abstract Hybrid biomaterials derived from a water‐soluble derivative of polypyrrole, poly(sodium 4‐(3‐pyrrolyl)butanesulfonate), and soluble collagen have been synthesized by chemical polymerization of the 4‐(3‐pyrrolyl)butanesulfonate monomer in a collagen solution. Interaction between the two polymers was evident in the formation of a precipitated black polymer‐collagen gel obtained for a monomer concentration of 0,01 mol/L. The collagen content in the gel was determined to be around 38 wt.‐%. When the monomer concentration was increased five‐fold, the product was a dispersed precipitate that was polymer rich with a corresponding decrease in collagen (11 wt.‐%) content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis of the hybrids provide signs of interaction between the sulfonic acid group on the substituted pyrrole and side groups of amino acids in collagen. The electrical conductivities of these hybrid biomaterials were found to be in the 10 −2 S. cm −1 range.
Nonpolarized surface distribution and delivery of human CD7 in polarized MDCK cells (1993)

Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells grown on permeable supports have served as the most common experimental system for in vitro studies of the generation and maintenance of epithelial surface polarity. Protein targeting to the apical and basolateral plasmalemmal domains of these and other polarized epithelia has been suggested to rely on targeting sequences. Two simple sorting models for MDCK cells have proposed active sorting to a single domain, with "default" movement to the other domain. Examples of both apical and basal sorting signals have been found to support each hypothesis, but the idea of a default pathway has remained in question. Indeed, all endogenous and heterologous wild-type proteins so far studied in MDCK cells achieve polarized distributions at steady state. It is not known whether these selected proteins are representative of all surface membrane proteins or represent only a subset. We report here the apparent absence of sorting by MDCK cells of the transmembrane protein of T-cells, CD7. CD7 is expressed at similar density in apical and basolateral membranes of MDCK cells as assessed by both immunocytological and biochemical criteria. Furthermore, CD7 appears to be directly sorted to both surfaces at similar rates and turns over at both surfaces at similar rates. The nonpolarized distribution of CD7 appears independent of its level of expression. CD7 may identify a "bulk-flow" default pathway for plasma membrane proteins expressed in polarized MDCK cells.
Search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks and top squarks in proton–proton collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mtext> TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> (2014)

A search for pair production of third-generation scalar leptoquarks and supersymmetric top quark partners, top squarks, in final states involving tau leptons and bottom quarks is presented. The search uses events from a data sample of proton-proton collisions corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 , collected with the CMS detector at the LHC with s = 8 TeV. The number of observed events is found to be in agreement with the expected standard model background. Third-generation scalar leptoquarks with masses below 740 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, assuming a 100% branching fraction for the leptoquark decay to a tau lepton and a bottom quark. In addition, this mass limit applies directly to top squarks decaying via an R-parity violating coupling 333 . The search also considers a similar signature from top squarks undergoing a chargino-mediated decay involving the Rparity violating coupling 3 jk . Each top squark decays to a tau lepton, a bottom quark, and two light quarks. Top squarks in this model with masses below 580 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level.
Rockfall precursor detection based on rock fracturing monitoring by means of optical fibre sensors (2013)

The monitoring of the acoustic emissions (AEs) due to rock fracturing allows the detection of the rockfall precursor signals, leading to a strong improvement of the real time assessment of the induced risk. A network of piezoelectric sensors (PZTs) provides reliable AE data, as testified by a series of applications in non-destructive testing, but PZTs are strongly affected by lightings and electromagnetic interference. In order to avoid such PZT drawbacks and limitations and therefore to allow the rock fracturing monitoring in unstable slopes, two FOS architectures (referred to as fibre coil sensor and ferrule top cantilever) have been recently proposed in previous works from the same authors. In this paper, the two sensors are tested in a more realistic scenario, by monitoring AE in a rock block in which crack is induced by highly expansive mortar; complementary activities, mainly aimed at the recognition of the type of expected signals and optimisation of the sensor array in the framework of the monitoring system, are also described here.
Treatment with mTOR Inhibitor, Everolimus (RAD001) Overcomes Resistance to Imatinib in Ph-Leukemia Quiescent or T315I-Mutated Cells. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 3277 Poster Board III-1 Recent studies suggest that leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are responsible for relapse of leukemia following conventional or targeted agents and that eradication of LSCs might be necessary to cure the disease. Aberrant activation of mTOR signaling has also been reported to be involved in LSCs. In order to examine mechanisms of drug resistance in Ph-positive (Ph+) LSCs and to seek strategies to overcome the resistance, we've previously established in vivo-murine and ex vivo-culture models using murine hematopoietic pluripotent progenitors transduced with BCR-ABL (Minami, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2008). Furthermore, Ph+ leukemia (including T315I-, F311I-mutated CML-BC, or Y253H-mutated Ph-ALL) patient cells were serially xenotransplanted into immunodeficient NOD/SCID/IL2rγnull (NOG) mice. Engrafted bone marrow and spleen cells were almost identical to the original leukemia cells as to phenotypes including karyotypes and distribution of primitive populations. Spleen cells derived from leukemic NOG mice were co-cultured with S17 stromal cells and treated with imatinib and the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus (RAD001, Novartis Pharmaceuticals). While quiescent (Hoechst-33342low/Pyronin-Ylow) CD34+ cells were insensitive to imatinib in spite of BCR-ABL- and CrkL-dephosphorylation, substantial cell death including CD34+ population was induced with nM level of everolimus. In imatinib-resistant Ph+ leukemia cell lines harboring T315I-mutation (Baf3p210/T315I and TCC-Y/T315I), everolimus induced cell death with low IC50 values in PI-exclusion assays. We are also investigating detailed biomarkers in the cell death (such as phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 or p70 S6K) and effects of theses drugs in the leukemic NOG mice systems. These results imply that treatment with everolimus can overcome the resistance to imatinib in Ph+ LSCs or T315I-mutated cells. Disclosures: Kiyoi: Kyowa Hakko Kirin: Consultancy. Naoe:Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Wyeth and Chugai: Research Funding.
Frying Oil Studied by High Resolution NMR 1H and 13C spectra (2003)

In the present investigation, high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) protonand carbon spectra were used to non-invasively measure the degradation of frying oil caused byheating. Fresh and aged canola oil samples were analyzed by NMR proton and carbon spectra.Canola oil was heated to 180 C while exposing to (1)air and (2) air and water steam and stirredconstantly. The NMR proton spectrum showed that no aldehydes (n-alkanals and branched alkenals)were presented in fresh canola oil, but they appeared after 4 hours of heating. They reached amaximum (1.35%) after 24 hours in air degraded oil and reached a maximum (1.45%) after 36 hoursin air and water steam degraded oil. Aldehydes are of concern because they exert a range ofnegative toxicological effects. The carbon spectrum of fresh canola oil is mainly triacylglycerides.However, in canola oil that was heated for 4 hours two noticeable changes occurred. First, oxidationincreased oil saturation level with selectivity towards n-3 double bonds and these reduced fatty acidswere then converted into aldehydes. Second, triacylglycerides were broken down into free fatty acidsand mono- and di-acylglycerides via hydrolysis. Canola oil heated while exposed to air degraded faster than exposed to air and water steam. These results illustrate the capability of NMR to noninvasivelyquantify oil degradation and the by-products formed during the frying process.
Pulse Propagation in Straight Circular Elastic Tubes (1972)

An experimental investigation of elastic waves produced by the longitudinal impact of strikers with straight 2024 aluminum tubes of 1-in. dia and wall thicknesses of 0.035 in. (thin-walled), 0.095 in. (medium thick-walled), and 0.5 in. (solid bar) was performed by means of the Hopkinson bar technique. For most of the tests the strikers consisted of 1/2-in-dia steel balls; however, 1/4-in-dia, 3/16-in-dia and 1/8-in-dia steel balls were also used to permit variation in pulse duration. Both central and eccentric impact were achieved by firing the striker from an air gun at a predetermined pressure against the carefully positioned target; the initial velocity of the striker was measured whenever necessary. Longitudinal strain records of the resulting pulse from positions both on the inside and outside surfaces of the hollow specimens and on the outside of the solid bar were obtained by using strain gages of either foil or semiconductor type; some transverse strain histories were also measured concurrently. The transient longitudinal strains were predicted theoretically by solving the one-dimensional Rayleigh-Love equation of wave propagation in a semi-infinite tube with the aid of a computer program. The input to the program consisted of the measured strain record at the first gage station. Reasonable agreement between the data and the results of these calculations was obtained. An experimental investigation of the effect of shortening the pulse duration, the relation between the transverse and longitudinal strain at the same position, and the nature of the antisymmetrical component in the eccentric shots was also undertaken.
Hydrogen Production from Glucose and Cellulose Using Radio Frequency In-Liquid Plasma and Ultrasonic Irradiation (2014)

The purpose of this study is to efficiently produce hydrogen gas from saccharide using 27.12 MHz radiofrequency (RF) in-liquid plasma with and without ultrasonic irradiation. The experiments were conducted adopting two different ultrasonic frequencies, one from a 29 kHz horn-type ultrasonic transducer and the other from a 1.6 MHz piezoelectric transducer. The glucose solution and cellulose suspension concentrations were varied from 0.5 wt% to 50 wt% and 0.5 wt% to 20 wt% respectively. Hydrogen gas was then produced by the decomposition of the glucose solution and cellulose suspension by RF in-liquid plasma with and without ultrasonic irradiation. The hydrogen production rate from glucose solution with ultrasonic irradiation applied was greater than that without ultrasonic irradiation. However, no hydrogen production rate enhancement was observed from decomposition of cellulose suspension with ultrasonic irradiation applied. Ultrasonic atomization and agitation enhanced the chemical reaction of nonvolatile glucose in in-liquid plasma. The increase of the gas production rate was caused by the direct decomposition of the glucose by the plasma due to the atomized glucose molecules being fed into the plasma in a bubble. In addition, by using a high-speed camera, it was clarified that acoustic streaming occurred when a 1.6 MHz piezoelectric transducer was used in the experiment.
On the Mechanism of Fullerene Formation (1994)

A tangle of threadlike carbon polymers , which do not form two‐dimensional layers, was observed in the transmission electron micrograph of the fullerene black produced in an electric arc. Curved polycyclic layer structures were also formed. Both of the suggested mechanisms for fullerene formation—via small rings, which then condense, or via macrocycles, which then isomerize—thus seem possible. Which of the two dominates depends on the reaction conditions.
Energy-efficient Method for Embedded <i>In Situ</i> Structural Health Monitoring (2010)

This article introduces the principles of an ultra low-cost scheme for in situ, embedded structural health monitoring. Based on the interactions of a Lamb wave with the structure, the proposed technique relies in comparing the time period where the sensed signature of the Lamb wave is greater than an user-defined threshold with a reference value. Compared to similar methods based on the monitoring of the structural state evolution, the proposed scheme is ultra low-cost, and therefore suitable for integrated systems that have a limited amount of available energy.
NEW METHOD OF PREPARATION OF ZIRCONIUM TETRAACYLOXYL COMPOUNDS (1961)

Tetraacyloxyl compounds of STAX(CH/sub 2/)/sub n/ COO!/sub 4/ Zr (where n = 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 15, and 17 and X = H and Cl) were derived by exchange reactions of zirconium tetraacetylacetonate with carboxylic acid. Diacyloxyl compounds (n -- C/sub 17/H/sub 35/COO)/sub 2/ Co and (C/sub n/H/sub 2n+//sub 1/ COO) i M/sub n/ (where n = 15 or 17) were derived by reactions of cobalt and manganese triacetylacetonates with stearic and palmitic acids. (R.V.J.)
Heritability, correlated response, and indirect selection involving spectral reflectance indices and grain yield in wheat (2007)

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) as an indirect selection tool for grain yield in wheat under irrigated conditions. This paper demonstrates the genetic correlation between grain yield and SRIs, heritability and expected response to selection for grain yield and SRIs, correlated response to selection for grain yield estimated from SRIs, and efficiency of indirect selection for grain yield using SRIs in different spring wheat populations. Four field experiments, GHIST (15 CIMMYT globally adapted genotypes), RLs1 (25 random F3-derived families), RLs2 (36 random F3-derived families), and RLs3 (64 random F5-derived families) were conducted under irrigated conditions at the CIMMYT research station in north-west Mexico in 3 different years. Spectral reflectance was measured at 3 growth stages (booting, heading, and grain filling) and 7 SRIs were calculated using average values of spectral reflectance at heading and grain filling. Five previously developed SRIs (PRI, WI, RNDVI, GNDVI, SR), and 2 newly calculated SRIs (NWI-1 and NWI-2) were evaluated in the experiments. In general, the within- and between-year genetic correlations between grain yield and SRIs were significant. Three NIR-based indices (WI, NWI-1, and NWI-2) showed higher genetic correlations (0.73–0.92) with grain yield than the other indices (0.35–0.67), and these observations were consistent in all populations. Broad-sense heritability estimates for all indices were in general moderate to high (0.60–0.80), and higher than grain yield (0.45–0.70). The realised heritability for the 3 NIR-based indices was higher than for the other indices and for grain yield itself. Expected response to selection for all indices was moderate to high (0.54–0.85). The correlated response for grain yield estimated from the 3 NIR-based indices (0.59–0.64) was much higher than the correlated response for grain yield estimated from the other indices (0.31–0.46), and the efficiency of indirect selection for these 3 NIR-based indices was 90–96% of the efficiency of direct selection for grain yield. These results demonstrate the potential for using the 3 NIR-based SRI tools in breeding programs for selecting for increased genetic gains for yield.
Classification and symbolic representation of LDH isozyme anomaly patterns due to LDH linked immunoglobulins. (1984)

Classification and symbolic representation of LDH isozyme anomaly patterns facilitated to study LDH linked immunoglobulins. A close relation existed between isotypes of LDH linked immunoglobulins and LDH isozyme anomaly patterns on cellulose acetate plate. 31 different patterns were observed in the sera of 112 patients and those were divided into two groups. 27 patterns which were characterized by the anomaly of LDH-5 were in the first group and the others characterized by normal LDH-5 were in the second group. All of the LDH linked IgG's (76 cases), IgA-λ's(3), IgM's(2), IgGA-λ's(2) and IgAM-κ(1) were in the first group, and these patterns were named IgG type. While, LDH linked IgA-κ's(22), IgA-κλ's(2) and IgGA-κ(1) were in the second group, and these patterns were named IgA-κ type. Only 3 cases of LDH liked IgGA-κλ's were in the two types. Two cases (the pair of class and type of immunoglobulins not determinded) were in IgG type, and the other (IgA-κ and IgG-κλ determinded) was in IgA-κ type.