gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast interfacial oxidation of amorphous Si1−<i>x</i>Ge<i>x</i>:H by SnO2 (1995)

Fast oxidation of amorphous (a) Si1−xGex:H by interfacial reaction with SnO2 was observed at the temperature range of 400–500 °C. The rate of interfacial oxidation was very significant, while a test in a dry O2 ambient at the same temperatures showed no oxidation of Si1−xGex:H beyond the native oxide. The interfacial reaction of the SiGe:H/SnO2/glass system resulted in a layered structure of silicon oxide, tin oxide, and β-Sn at the SiGe/SnO2 interface. The extent of the interfacial reaction was found to depend on the Ge content in the Si1−xGex:H films; after annealing, the resultant silicon oxide layer is thicker for the Si-rich SiGe layer than for the Ge-rich composition. On the other hand, the SnO2 layer was totally reduced by an a-Ge:H top layer after a 1 h, 500 °C annealing procedure.
On the Bending Properties of Porcine Mitral, Tricuspid, Aortic, and Pulmonary Valve Leaflets (2015)

The atrioventricular valve leaflets (mitral and tricuspid) are different from the semilunar valve leaflets (aortic and pulmonary) in layered structure, ultrastructural constitution and organization, and leaflet thickness. These differences warrant a comparative look at the bending properties of the four types of leaflets. We found that the moment-curvature relationships in atrioventricular valves were stiffer than in semilunar valves, and the moment-curvature relationships of the left-side valve leaflets were stiffer than their morphological analog of the right side. These trends were supported by the moment-curvature curves and the flexural rigidity analysis (EI value decreased from mitral, tricuspid, aortic, to pulmonary leaflets). However, after taking away the geometric effect (moment of inertia I), the instantaneous effective bending modulus E showed a reversed trend. The overall trend of flexural rigidity (EI: mitral > tricuspid > aortic > pulmonary) might be correlated with the thickness variations among the four types of leaflets (thickness: mitral > tricuspid > aortic > pulmonary). The overall trend of the instantaneous effective bending modulus (E: mitral < tricuspid < aortic < pulmonary) might be correlated to the layered fibrous ultrastructures of the four types of leaflets, of which the fibers in mitral and tricuspid leaflets were less aligned, and the fibers in aortic and pulmonary leaflets were highly aligned. We also found that, for all types of leaflets, moment-curvature relationships are stiffer in against-curvature (AC) bending than in with-curvature bending (WC), which implies that leaflets tend to flex toward their natural curvature and comply with blood flow. Lastly, we observed that the leaflets were stiffer in circumferential bending compared with radial bending, likely reflecting the physiological motion of the leaflets, i.e., more bending moment and movement were experienced in radial direction than circumferential direction.
Real-time heterodyne fiber polarimetry with narrow- and broad-band sources (1986)

A fast heterodyne polarimeter for fiber characterization is presented. The measurement principle gives rise to two basic system versions, suitable for a wide range of experimental conditions. The first solution, useful in the case of narrow-band sources, is based on a self-heterodyne configuration. The second scheme, free from coherence requirements of the source, employs a Mach-Zehnder interferometric structure placed at the output of the fiber. Very good performances of both implementations are extensively demonstrated through different sets of results (in time and frequency domain) related to statical and dynamical fiber tests. Other relevant applications in telecommunication and sensor areas are discussed.
Géographie des élections régionales de 2010 en Pays de la Loire. (2010)

International audience
Molecular Cloning, Overexpression, and Characterization of Steroid-inducible 3α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/Carbonyl Reductase from Comamonas testosteroni (1998)

3alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/carbonyl reductase (3alpha-HSD/CR) from Comamonas testosteroni, a bacterium that is able to grow on steroids as the sole carbon source, catalyzes the oxidoreduction at position 3 of a variety of C19-27 steroids and the carbonyl reduction of a variety of nonsteroidal aldehydes and ketones. The gene of this steroid-inducible 3alpha-HSD/CR was cloned by screening a C. testosteroni gene bank with a homologous DNA probe that was obtained by polymerase chain reaction with two degenerative primers based on the N-terminal sequence of the purified enzyme. The 3alpha-HSD/CR gene is 774 base pairs long, and the deduced amino acid sequence comprises 258 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 26.4 kDa. A homology search revealed that amino acid sequences highly conserved in the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily are present in 3alpha-HSD/CR. Two consensus sequences of the SDR superfamily were found, an N-terminal Gly-X-X-X-Gly-X-Gly cofactor-binding motif and a Tyr-X-X-X-Lys segment (residues 155-159 in the 3alpha-HSD/CR sequence) essential for catalytic activity of SDR proteins. 3alpha-HSD/CR was overexpressed and purified to homogeneity, and its activity was determined for steroid and nonsteroidal carbonyl substrates. These results suggest that inducible 3alpha-HSD/CR from C. testosteroni is a novel member of the SDR superfamily.
The numerical radius of a weighted shift operator (Structural study of operators via spectra or numerical ranges) (2012)

Nakazato, on the q-numerical radius of a weighted shift operator with geometric weights and periodic weights.
Discharge by aphids of soluble secretions into dietary sources (1991)

Abstract Substances secreted by aphids into diets through a rubber‐wax membrane can be detected by their absorption of low wavelength ultraviolet light. Their detection can be simplified by presenting water as diet. Of the substances secreted into water by non‐crowded aphids within 24 h, ca 35–55% of the absorbance at 200 nm can be accounted for by reactions with protein reagents and/or electrophoresis. Macrosiphum euphorbiae secreted over 30 ng of salivary protein in bovine serum albumin equivalents per mg fresh body weight. SDS‐PAGE revealed that the proteins initially secreted had subunits mostly of > 100,000 Daltons. When dead or dying aphids were present on the membrane, however, e.g. due to crowding or prolonged confinement in the feeding chamber, additional subunits of < 30,000 Daltons also appeared in the water. When feeding continued for more than 24 h, proteins separable by electrophoresis began to disappear, possibly as a result of leakage of lyzing enzymes into the water from aphids that had died with their mouth parts still inserted through the membrane. The initial secretions possessed oxidase activity. Invertase was not detected but the secretion caused non‐enzymatic reduction of a copper reagent used for detection of reducing sugars. Marked contrasts were noted between the electrophoretic protein patterns of the saliva of different species of aphids. The saliva of Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae contained over twice as much catechol oxidase activity per unit of salivary protein as that of Nasonovia ribisnigri and Aphis fabae . The significance of these findings in relation to use of artificial diets for colony maintenance and feeding experiments and for studies of aphid‐plant interactions is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Synthesis of the Cyclopropyl‐Substituted Lactone Family of Oxylipins (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microbial degradation of four Nigerian crude oils in an estuarine microcosm (1993)

Four Nigerian crude oils (Bonny Light, Bonny Medium, Escravos Light and Forcados Blend) that differ substantially in fractional composition were exposed to the Lagos Lagoon waters in microcosm experiments with oil‐impregnated membrane filters. Changes in microbial numbers on the membranes and in the residual oil concentration showed a relationship between the fractional composition and the biodegradation rates of the oils, with the lighter oils disappearing more rapidly. After 10 weeks exposure in the lagoon, only 15% (w/w) of the Bonny Light crude remained on the filters as compared with 20, 32 and 45% (w/w) for Escravos Light, Bonny Medium and Forcados Blend respectively. The hydrocarbon‐utilizing microbial colonizers of the oil‐impregnated membranes were Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes and Aspergillus niger.
Correction factor for low-loss 180 degrees reflecting linear chirp arrays in SAW devices (1988)

Low-loss, 180 degrees -reflecting linear chirps with constant or slowly varying weighting and large time-bandwidth product are analyzed. Multiple reflections are fully taken into account, giving a universal correction factor as a function of array parameters. This should enable such chirps to be designed without making iterations. Surface acoustic-wave (SAW) device layouts making use of the 180 degrees arrays are suggested.
Managing interoperability using APPC (1993)

The need for realizing open systems is becoming inevitable. Interoperability is no more just an idea but a reality. At the same time, more systems are looking for protocols to support dialog paradigm. This paper describes an architecture in conjunction with Advanced Program-to-Program Communications LU 6.2 protocol to handle that challenge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An active anycast approach to improve roaming mobile IPv6 client performance in multi-server environment (2008)

Mobile IPv6 enables mobile clients to retain its network connections while roaming into foreign networks. However, in a multi-server environment whereby multiple mirror servers are located at different IP networks providing the same service, a mobile client consuming a service from a particular server continues consuming the service from the same server after roaming into foreign network, ignoring the existence of other mirror servers that may give higher throughput based on mobile client's latest network location.
A grid-interfacing power quality compensator for three-phase three-wire microgrid applications (2004)

This paper proposes a grid-interfacing power quality compensator for three-phase three-wire microgrid applications with consideration of both the power quality of the microgrid and the quality of currents flowing between the microgrid and utility system. It is proposed that two inverters (a shunt and a series) are used for each distributed generation (DG) system in the microgrid. For each inverter, both positive-and negative-sequence components are controlled to compensate for the effects caused by the unbalanced utility grid voltages. Specifically, the shunt inverter is controlled to ensure balanced voltages within the microgrid and to regulate power dispatches among parallel-connected DG systems, while the series inverter balances the line currents by injecting appropriate voltage components. A current-limiting algorithm is also proposed and integrated within the inverter control schemes to protect the microgrid from large fault currents during utility voltage sags (balanced or unbalanced). The proposed compensator has been tested in simulations and experimentally using a laboratory hardware prototype.
Feasibility of non-invasive blood pressure estimation based on pulse arrival time: a MIMIC database study (2014)

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of blood pressure (BP) estimation by means of pulse arrival time (PAT) from data records of ICU patients available at the MIMIC public database. Datasets consisting of ECG, PPG and arterial BP waveforms from 8 subjects were used for the analysis and the relationship of PAT with systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure was assessed through a linear regression fit. The analysis was carried out on datasets of short (20 min) and long (60 min) duration in order to evaluate the temporal changes on the linear relationship. The results showed high correlation between BP and PAT for both the short-term and the long-term analyses. The mean absolute error found between the true and estimated systolic BP values was close to 5mmHg; however, the error noticeably increased on the long-term dataset for all subjects.
<b>Regulation of the expression of the <i>traM</i> gene of the F sex factor of <i>Escherichia coli</i></b> (1996)

Conjugative F-plasmid transfer is mediated by the transfer (tra) region which encodes nearly 40 genes, 25 of which are essential for this process in Escherichia coli. TraM is required for conjugation and is encoded on a separate operon between the origin of transfer and the traJ gene. The traJ gene product is the positive regulator of transcription of the 30 kb tra operon, the first gene of which is traY. Using primer-extension assays and immunoblots on the F plasmid itself and its derivatives, we demonstrate that F TraM regulates its own expression from two promoters and that it requires TraY as well as expression of the tra operon for maximal traM transcription. traY is the first gene in the tra operon under the control of the TraJ regulator, which is in turn negatively regulated by the antisense RNA, FinP, and the FinO protein. Thus, a control circuit has been established whereby traM is negatively regulated by the FinOP fertility inhibition system through its repression of TraJ expression, which adversely affects transcription of the traY gene.
Sodium borohydride reduction of conjugated aldehydes and ketones (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSodium borohydride reduction of conjugated aldehydes and ketonesM. Ross Johnson and Bruce RickbornCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 4, 1041–1045Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00829a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views8523Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (555 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Public Finance in Theory and Practice. By A. R. Prest. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 1960. Pp. 408. 45<i>s</i>. (1961)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Structural requirements for marbox function in transcriptional activation of <i>mar</i>/<i>sox</i>/<i>rob</i> regulon promoters in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: sequence, orientation and spatial relationship to the core promoter (1999)

The promoters of the mar/sox/rob regulon of Escherichia coli contain a binding site (marbox) for the homologous transcriptional activators MarA, SoxS and Rob. In spite of data from footprinting studies, the marbox has not been precisely defined because of its degeneracy and asymmetry and seemingly variable location with respect to the -10 and -35 hexamers for RNA polymerase (RNP) binding. Here, we use DNA retardation studies and hybrid promoters to identify optimally binding 20 bp minimal marboxes from a number of promoters. This has yielded a more defined marbox consensus sequence (AYnGCACnnWnnRYYAAAYn) and has led to the demonstration that some marboxes are inverted relative to others. Using transcriptional fusions to lacZ, we have found that only one marbox orientation is functional at a given location. Moreover, the functional orientation is determined by marbox location: marboxes that are 15 or more basepairs upstream of the -35 hexamer are oriented opposite those closer to the -35 hexamer. Marbox orientation and the spacing between marbox and signals for RNP binding are critical for transcriptional activation, presumably to align MarA with RNP.
Free-energy calculations in structure-based drug design (2010)

The ultimate goal of structure-based drug design is a simple, robust process that starts with a high-resolution crystal structure of a validated biological macromolecular target and reliably generates an easily synthesized, high-affinity small molecule with desirable pharmacological properties. Although pharmaceutical science has made significant gains in understanding how to generate, test, and validate small molecules for specific biochemical activity, such a complete process does not now exist. In any drug design project, enormous amounts of luck, intuition, and trial and error are still necessary.
Autophagy in cellular growth control (2010)

Cell growth is regulated by two antagonistic processes: TOR signaling and autophagy. These processes integrate signals including growth factors, amino acids, and energy status to ensure that cell growth is appropriate to environmental conditions. Autophagy responds indirectly to the cellular milieu as a downstream inhibitory target of TOR signaling and is also directly controlled by nutrient availability, cellular energy status, and cell stress. The control of cell growth by TOR signaling and autophagy are relevant to disease, as altered regulation of either pathway results in tumorigenesis. Here we give an overview of how TOR signaling and autophagy integrate nutritional status to regulate cell growth, how these pathways are coordinately regulated, and how dysfunction of this regulation might result in tumorigenesis.
Nuclear Resonance Absorption in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Dy</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>161</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Situated in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Dy</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and Dysprosium Iron Garnet (1960)

The recoil-free resonant absorption of the 26-kev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ ray (${T}_{\frac{1}{2}}\ensuremath{\sim}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ sec) emitted in the decay of ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{161}$ by absorbers containing ${\mathrm{Dy}}^{161}$ has been investigated. High M\"ossbauer efficiencies at room temperatures have been observed for sources and absorbers in the form of oxide and rare earth iron garnet. The line shapes obtained were very broad, of the order of 100 times the natural widths, and showed no resolved lines. The broad lines are interpreted as due to a wide complicated hyperfine spectrum whose details have been smoothed out by transitions between magnetic sublevels induced by paramagnetic relaxation. In the rare earth iron garnet, the exchange field acting on the rare earth ion should decouple the nuclear and electron spins. The effective magnetic field at the nucleus in the rare earth garnet is about 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ oe.
Intelligence for the Twenty-First Century (2003)

The transformation of intelligence architectures, particularly in the West, is no less profound than that of the weapons, platforms, warfighting systems and governments they are designed to support and inform. Moreover, the cumulative weight of the changes in prospect will redefine the way in which intelligence is used and conceived. The old demarcation lines between strategic and operational intelligence and between operations and intelligence, once starkly differentiated will blur. Decision-makers will have better access to intelligence as a result of advances in ‘pull’ technology which have made possible intelligence on demand while open source intelligence will enrich and add value to national intelligence databases. Although information will become more plentiful and less of a privileged source in the global information environment of the twenty-first century, paradoxically the demand for timely, high quality strategic and operational intelligence will intensify rather than diminish. What will distinguish the successful practitioners of twenty-first century intelligence is the ability to fuse and integrate all elements of the process to provide seamless support for policy-makers and operational commanders. However, despite impressive advances in integration, technical collection and communications no intelligence system, no matter how efficacious, will ever be able to completely dispel the fog of war.
The Use of Velocity Spectrum For Stacking Receiver Functions and Imaging Upper Mantle Discontinuities (1994)

In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of receiver function data, it is typical to stack receiver functions calculated from events at similar distances and back azimuths. We have adapted the velocity spectrum stacking (VSS) technique, used extensively in reflection seismology, to the receiver function method in order to stack data with different ray parameters, thereby improving further the signal-to-noise ratio. Perhaps more importantly, by producing the velocity spectrum stacks we take advantage of the differences in the shapes of the moveout curves of converted phases and reverberations to identify and separate the various phases and to infer velocity structure. By comparison of velocity spectrum stacks produced from the observed data at the IRIS/IDA broad-band station at Obninsk, Russia (OBN) with those produced from PREM synthetics we have identified Ps phases from the 400 and 670 km discontinuities. The P-to-S (Ps) converted phase from the 400 km discontinuity observed at OBN is much larger, compared with that of the 670 km discontinuity, than is predicted by PREM. This suggests a higher velocity contrast at 400 km than in PREM. By adapting a bootstrap method to assess the depth and velocity estimates determined by VSS, we find that the Ps phase from the 670 km discontinuity is best imaged with higher than PREM upper mantle P and S velocities and at a depth of 663 ± 3 km. We find no evidence of a 220 km discontinuity beneath OBN in these data.