gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and DFT Characterization of Halloysite Nanotubes Loaded with Salicylic Acid (2016)

Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and salicylic acid (SA) are natural substances widely used in different fields. HNTs are very promising as nanocarriers because of their biocompatibility, atoxicity, anti-inflammatory properties and capacity to maintain the biological activity of immobilized enzymes. Because of its bactericidal and antiseptic properties, salicylic acid (SA) is used in pharmaceutical formulations, and as an additive for preserving foods and cosmetics. In this study, we set up a procedure for the loading of HNTs with SA for their possible application in active food packaging. Pristine HNTs were studied together with acidic etched HNTs with enlarged internal lumen, and various pH values for the loading solutions were tested in order to obtain the maximum loading. The HNTs—empty and loaded with SA—were characterized by TG-FTIR, FTIR SEM, STEM, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms measurements. We obtained a maximum loading of 10.5% (w/w), using HNTs pretreated with H2SO4 2 M at 25 °C for 48h and a solution of sodium salicylate at pH 8. We also characterized the interaction of SA-HNTs at a molecular level by combining ATR–FTIR measurements and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We believe that the information on the SA-HNT complexes derived from our research should help to improve the current knowledge of SA-clay interactions. In addition, it should be of interest for environmental and earth sciences since SA is used to model natural organic matter (NOM) in both experimental and theoretical studies of NOM adsorption on different kinds of mineral surfaces.
Micrometastatis in colorectal cancer (2002)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies in the word and can be usually cured if diagnosed at an early stage. In the European area the estimated number of new cases of cancer in 1995 were approximately 334.000 and 189.000 died of cancer in that year. Despite recent progress in early detection and surgical therapy, the mortality remained unchanged over the past decades. The major reason for this disturbing discrepancy is that occult dissemination of viable cancer cells can occur at any stage of tumorigenesis. Occult dissemination of the tumor cells in patients with operable cancer may be considered a determinant of subsequent metastasis formation. Several groups have therefore designed immunocytochemical and molecular assays to identify such minimal amounts of residual tumor cells that have successfully invaded secondary organs. The question whether circulating tumor cells represent metastatic dissemination or are merely cancer cells without metastatic potential that have detached from the primary tumor, has been debated for over half a century.
Predyspozycje psychologiczne w pracy trenera (2008)

The general purpose of this research is the description of the psychological predisposition of working as a trainer. The group of 72 individuals, 36 trainers and 36 non-trainers completed the battery of the following questionnaires: Social Competences Questionnaire, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, Psychological Gender Questionnaire, NEO-FFI and Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale. The results reveal that being a trainer can be predicted considering neuroticism, conscientiousness, emotional intelligence and general level of social competences.
LO-phonon emission by hot electrons in one-dimensional semiconductor quantum wires (1994)

We provide a theoretical study of hot-electron energy loss via LO-phonon emission in GaAs quantum wires. Calculations are done for a model in which the hot-electron gas is described by a temperature T which is much higher than the lattice temperature. We take into account several relevant physical mechanisms such as quantum degeneracy, dynamic screening, quantum confinement, and hot-phonon bottleneck effect. We include the effects of quantum-wire phonon confinement using two prevailing boundary conditions, namely, the so-called electrostatic and the mechanical macroscopic models. The energy-loss rate calculated for the bulk LO-phonon emission is comparable to, but somewhat higher than, that due to slab (electrostatic) phonon emission, whereas the guided (mechanical) modes produce more than an order of magnitude slower energy relaxation than that due to the slab (electrostatic) or the bulk modes. Our results show that in the experimentally interesting electron-temperature range of 50--300 K, the hot-phonon bottleneck is the single most important quantitative effect provided the hot-phonon lifetime in GaAs quantum wires is comparable to that (\ensuremath{\sim}5--7 ps) in the bulk GaAs. The numerical magnitudes of the quantum-wire hot-electron energy-loss rate due to LO-phonon emission are comparable to those in quantum-well structures under comparable conditions.
Corneal metabolic imaging by FAD autofluorescence lifetime (2013)

The final goal of this work is to develop an corneal microscope based on fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) of the metabolic co-factor FAD. In several corneal pathologies metabolic alterations occur prior to the pathologic expression therefore the assessment of corneal cells metabolic state could be a great advantage. Here, we aim to demonstrate the feasibility of using FAD autofluorescence lifetime to assess corneal cells metabolic state. We found an increase in protein-bound FAD fluorescence lifetime and a decrease in this component relative contribution 48h and 72h after animal sacrifice. These results are in agreement with the expected decrease in cell metabolism which has also been confirmed by MTT assay. Although the results are promising, the number of animals per conditions must be increased and further in-vivo studies are required to fully characterize FAD fluorescence lifetime in corneal tissues.
Transfacet Minimally Invasive Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With an Expandable Interbody Device—Part II: Consecutive Case Series (2020)

Transfacet MIS-TLIF was associated with clinical improvements and restoration of radiographic sagittal segmental parameters. Regional alignment correction was observed among patients with hypolordosis at baseline.
Performance of the once-through multistage flash desalination process (2002)

The brine circulation multistage flash desalination process (MSF) dominates the thermal desalination market, while the once-through multistage flash desalination process (MSF-OT) remains to be found on a limited scale. This is because the MSF-OT process has no control on the temperature of the feed sea water. For non-equatorial regions, where the sea water temperature drops to 5 — 15°C during winter operation, the MSF-OT performance deteriorates unless the volume of the low-temperature stages is drastically increased to allow for reduction in the brine reject temperature to lower values. Another approach to solving this problem is to use the brine mixing (MSF-M) technique to control the feed sea water temperature. Irrespective of this, the MSF-OT process should be considered the optimum choice for large-scale thermal desalination in equatorial regions, where the sea water temperature remains constant throughout the year at 28°C. This study focuses on design and performance features of the MSF-OT process. Results are presented in terms of variations in the process thermal performance ratio, the specific heat transfer area and the conversion ratio as a function of the top brine temperature, the number of flashing stages and the feed sea water temperature. The performance of the MSF-OT process is identical to the MSF process as long as the feed sea water temperature remains above 25°C. Evaluation of the MSF-M system and comparison with the performance of the MSF and MSF-OT processes is presented.
Adaptive parameterization for reconstruction of 3D freeform objects from laser-scanned data (2003)

This paper proposes a new adaptive parametrization method to overcome the problems of using laser scanners in Reverse Engineering. The method is based on the following stages: (a) Detecting a 3D boundary of the parametric base surface by matching an intensity image from a CCD camera with the scanned data. (b) Adaptively reconstructing a parametric base surface with a non-self intersecting grid, based on a PDE method (c) Calculating the parametrization of the 3D sampled points. (d) Fitting the surface by applying a least square (LSQ) approximation method with boundary constraints. The feasibility of the parametrization algorithm is demonstrated on several examples using sculptured free objects.
(Table 1) Mineralogical assemblages of the clay fraction (<2 µm) of altered felsic rocks from ODP Hole 193-1188A (2004)

(Table 1) Mineralogical assemblages of the clay fraction (<2 µm) of altered felsic rocks from ODP Hole 193-1188A
Ein neues Platin-Krebsmedikament bildet hochstereoselektiv ein Addukt mit Duplex-DNA (1999)

Die Ausrichtung des 2-Picolin-Liganden in der großen Furche trägt zu der hochstereoselektiven Bildung eines GG-Intrastrang-Bis-Chelats zwischen dem neuen Krebsmedikament cis-[PtCl2(NH3)(2-picolin)] und einem 14mer-DNA-Duplex bei (siehe schematische Darstellung).
Free‐Choice and No‐Choice High‐Fat Diets Affect Striatal Dopamine D<sub>2/3</sub> Receptor Availability, Caloric Intake, and Adiposity (2012)

Different types of high-fat (HF) diets are used to study diet-induced obesity (DIO) in rodents and this has led to different phenotypes. This study assesses whether different HF diets differentially affect striatal dopamine D(2/3) receptor (DRD(2/3)) availability, as decreased striatal DRD(2/3) availability has been implicated in obesity in relation to reward deficiency for food. Thirty rats were randomized to either a free-choice HF diet (HF-choice), a premixed HF diet (HF-no-choice), or a standard chow diet for 28 days. Striatal DRD(2/3) was measured using (123)I-IBZM storage phosphor imaging at day 29. DRD(2/3) availability was significantly decreased in the dorsal striatum in the HF-choice rats compared to chow rats, but not in HF-no-choice rats. Additionally, caloric intake of the HF-choice rats was significantly higher than that of HF-no-choice rats and serum leptin and percentage abdominal fat store weight of total body weight were significantly higher in the HF-choice rats compared to chow rats. These preliminary results suggest that the choice element in HF diets, which is possibly related to the motivational aspects of eating, leads to overconsumption and to a distinct state of obesity. These results are relevant for future studies on DIO when considering choice of diet type.
Real-time detection of packet drop attacks on synchrophasor data (2014)

The importance of phasor measurement unit (PMU) or synchrophasor data towards the functioning of real-time monitoring and control of power generation and distribution systems makes them an attractive target for cyber-attacks. An attack with potential for significant damage is the packet drop attack, where the adversary arbitrarily drops packets with synchrophasor data. This paper develops a real-time mechanism for detecting packet drop attacks on synchrophasor data carried over the Internet. The proposed solution is receiver-based, and uses the one-way packet delays to extract features that are used to detect attacks. The proposed attack detection mechanism leads to lower detection delays and greater accuracy as compared to existing mechanisms.
Convex relaxations for robust identification of hybrid models (2010)

In order to extract useful information from a data set, it is necessary to understand the underlying model. This dissertation addresses two of the main challenges in identification of such models. First, the data is often generated by multiple, unknown number of sources; that is, the underlying model is usually a mixture model or hybrid model. This requires solving the identification and data association problems simultaneously. Second, the data is usually corrupted by noise necessitating robust identification schemes. Motivated by these challenges we consider the problem of robust identification of hybrid models that interpolate the data within a given noise bound. In particular, for static data we try to fit affine subspace arrangements or more generally a mixture of algebraic surfaces to the data; and for dynamic data we try to infer the underlying switched affine dynamical system. Clearly, as stated, these problems admit infinitely many solutions. For instance, one can always find a trivial hybrid model with as many submodels/subspaces as the number of data points (i.e. one submodel/subspace per data point). In order to regularize the problem, we define suitable a priori model sets and objective functions that seek "simple" models. Although this leads to generically NP-Hard problems, we develop computationally efficient algorithms based on convex relaxations.
The influence of comparative fertilization on the yield and quality of sugar beet, the nutrient balances. The evaluation of long-term field experiments in the Czech Republic (2002)

Agricultural research on plant nutrition cannot be supported without results of long-term field experiments. The Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture established four long-term field experiments in four experimental places of the sugar beet production region of the Czech Republic, in the years 1972–1979. Each experiment comprised 12 combinations of fertilization and had an eight years crop rotation. The following five combinations were used for evaluation of yields of sugar beet (roots and leaves) and quality of the products: the control treatment without fertilization, the treatment with farmyard manure (FYM) and three treatments with FYM applied together with comparative mineral fertilization at three different levels. In the control treatment, average yield of the main product (roots) was 52.0 tons per ha with sugar content 18.5%. In the other treatments increase of fertilization caused gradual rising of the roots and leaves yield (for roots: from 57.5 to 68.3 tons per 1 ha) and, on the other hand, the decrease of sugar content (from 18.6 to 16.8%). The nitrogen and potassium balances were negative, except for the highest level of mineral fertilization. The phosphorus balance was highly positive at all levels of mineral fertilization.
Neuroexcitatory Effects Of Morphine And Hydromorphone: Evidence Implicating The 3‐Glucuronide Metabolites (2000)

1. Morphine is recommended by the World Health Organization as the drug of choice for the management of moderate to severe cancer pain. 2. Education of health professionals in the past decade has resulted in a large increase in the prescribing of opioids, such as morphine, and in the magnitude of the doses administered, resulting in an improvement in the quality of pain relief available for many cancer patients. 3. However, the reported incidence of neuroexcitatory side effects (allodynia, myoclonus, seizures) in patients administered large doses of systemic morphine or its structural analogue, hydromorphone (HMOR), has also increased. 4. Clinically, increasing the magnitude of the morphine or HMOR dose administered to patients already exhibiting neuroexcitatory opioid related side effects, results in an exacerbation rather than an attenuation of the excitatory behaviours. 5. In contrast, cessation of the opioid or rotation to a structurally dissimilar opioid (e.g. from morphine/HMOR to methadone or fentanyl), usually results in a restoration of analgesia and resolution of the neuroexcitatory opioid side effects over a period of hours to days. 6. To explain the clinical success of 'opioid rotation', it is essential to understand the in vivo metabolic fate of morphine and HMOR. 7. Following systemic administration, morphine and HMOR are metabolized primarily to the corresponding 3-glucuronide metabolites, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and hydromorphone-3-glucuronide (H3G), which are not only devoid of analgesic activity but evoke a range of dose-dependent excitatory behaviours, including allodynia, myoclonus and seizures, following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration to rats. 8. Several studies have shown that, following chronic oral or subcutaneous morphine administration to patients with cancer pain, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of M3G exceed those of morphine and morphine-6-glucuronide (analgesically active morphine metabolite) by approximately two- and five-fold, respectively. 9. These findings suggest that when the M3G concentration (or H3G by analogy) in the CSF exceeds the neuroexcitatory threshold, excitatory behaviours will be evoked in patients. 10. Thus, rotation of the opioid from morphine/HMOR to a structurally dissimilar opioid, such as methadone or fentanyl, will allow clearance of M3G/H3G from the patient central nervous system over hours to days, thereby producing a time-dependent resolution of the neuroexcitatory behaviours while maintaining analgesia with methadone or fentanyl.
Biosensor for the Detection of Specific DNA Sequences by Impedance Spectroscopy (2007)

In the agro-food industry there is a great need for rapid, sensitive and label-free biosensors for food quality control, for example the detection of pathogenic agents such as listeria or salmonella in dairy food samples. We are currently working on the development of a real-time monitoring system based on an interdigitated electrode DNA biochip for the detection of specific DNA target sequences. The biosensor contains four active areas on which DNA probes of various kinds can be immobilized, and is integrated into a microfluidic system. Impedimetric measurements of matching and non-matching synthetic target DNA sequences have been performed.
Role of the Dopaminergic System in the Development of Myopia in Children and Adolescents (2014)

This review summarizes the experimental evidence that supports the role of dopamine in the regulation of ocular axial growth. The most important functions attributed to dopamine are light adaptation and regulation of the retinal circadian rhythm. An increase of the retinal levels of dopamine activates D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptors present throughout the retina, generating a signal that inhibits axial growth once the eye has reached emmetropization. Researchers induced form-deprivation myopia in animal models in order to assess the different changes of ocular axial growth. Other studies have shown that phenylethylamine is an endogenous precursor-neurotransmitter capable of modulating the activity of dopamine. Considering the role of the dopaminergic system in the development of myopia (in children and adolescents) and the fact that phenylethylamine improves the consequences of a dopamine deficit, it would be interesting to study the effect of phenylethylamine on the regulation of axial growth, which represents the genesis of myopia.
FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges (2007)

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become one of the key digital circuit implementation media over the last decade. A crucial part of their creation lies in their architecture, which governs the nature of their programmable logic functionality and their programmable interconnect. FPGA architecture has a dramatic effect on the quality of the final device's speed performance, area efficiency and power consumption. FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges reviews the historical development of programmable logic devices, the fundamental programming technologies that the programmability is built on, and then describes the basic understandings gleaned from research on architectures. FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges starts with a brief overview of programmable logic to provide a context for the subsequent sections which review the history of programmable logic, and the underlying programming technologies. The following sections define the terminology of FPGA architecture, and then describe foundations and trends of logic block architecture and routing architecture including a discussion of power management techniques and related circuit design issues. A brief overview of the input/output structures and architectural questions in FPGAs is then presented followed by an explicit comparison between FPGAs and competing ASIC standard cell technology. It concludes with a review of some of the design challenges facing FPGAs and a look at emerging architectures for FPGAs. FPGA Architecture: Survey and Challenges is an invaluable reference for engineers and computer scientists. It is also an excellent primer for senior or graduate-level students in electrical engineering or computer science.
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) and Electrical Overstress (EOS): The state of the art in components to systems (2017)

Electrostatic Discharge (ESD), Electrical Overstress (EOS) and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) continue to impact semiconductor manufacturing, semiconductor components and systems as technologies scale from micro- to nano-electronics. The range of concern for components include semiconductor components, magnetic recording industry, MEMs, and for products from disk drives, cell phones, notebooks, tablets, laptops, and desktop computers. The objective of this lecture is to address the state of the art of electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electrical overstress (EOS) in today’s electronic components and systems. The tutorial provides a clear picture of ESD, EOS and EMC phenomena, sources, physics, failure mechanisms, testing and qualification of components and systems. The conclusion of this talk is that ESD and EOS continue to be a concern in technologies from micro-electronics to nano-structures, and will remain a reliability and quality issue in the future.
Running Time Analysis of Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms on Pseudo-Boolean Functions (2004)

This paper presents a rigorous running time analysis of evolutionary algorithms on pseudo-Boolean multiobjective optimization problems. We propose and analyze different population-based algorithms, the simple evolutionary multiobjective optimizer (SEMO), and two improved versions, fair evolutionary multiobjective optimizer (FEMO) and greedy evolutionary multiobjective optimizer (GEMO). The analysis is carried out on two biobjective model problems, leading ones trailing zeroes (LOTZ) and count ones count zeroes (COCZ), as well as on the scalable m-objective versions mLOTZ and mCOCZ. Results on the running time of the different population-based algorithms and for an alternative approach, a multistart (1+1)-EA based on the /spl epsi/-constraint method, are derived. The comparison reveals that for many problems, the simple algorithm SEMO is as efficient as this (1+1)-EA. For some problems, the improved variants FEMO and GEMO are provably better. For the analysis, we propose and apply two general tools, an upper bound technique based on a decision space partition and a randomized graph search algorithm, which facilitate the analysis considerably.