gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early history of myoclonus. (1986)

The term myoclonus is a shortened form of the name paramyoklonus multiplex used by Nikolaus Friedreich to describe the involuntary movements of a patient whom today would be said to have a form of essential myoclonus. The details of this case and Friedreich's discussion of it have been reviewed. Other early cases and the initial classification scheme of H. Lundborg have been described.
SPARC promoter hypermethylation in colon cancer and the effect of 5-Aza-2’deoxycytidine in enhancing SPARC gene expression and therapy sensitivity. (2007)

2888 SPARC is a matricellular glycoprotein that has variable expression in many types of cancers. Its expression may be dependent on epigenetic mechanisms, as hypermethylation of the SPARC promoter accounts for loss of SPARC gene expression in pancreatic and lung cancers. Our laboratory previously observed a decrease in SPARC in colorectal cancers (CRC) and showed an inverse correlation between low levels of SPARC and chemotherapy sensitivity. These observations led us to wonder if a similar epigenetic effect may be at play, and whether a therapeutic strategy using demethylating agents may enhance SPARC expression and improve therapy sensitivity in CRC. Therefore, theAIM of this study was to determine if methylation of the SPARC promoter is a potential mechanism responsible for decreased SPARC expression in CRC. METHODS: DNA extracted from CRC cell lines (MIP 101, RKO, HCT 116, and HT29) underwent bisulfite treatment prior to the determination of SPARC promoter methylation status using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). The effect of SPARC promoter methylation on gene expression, and cell viability following exposure to 5-Aza-2’deoxycytidine (5-Aza), a demethylating agent, in combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was also assessed. Our preliminary RESULTS demonstrated hypermethylation in MIP101 and RKO cells in the entire region spanning the SPARC promoter, but incomplete methylation in HCT 116 and HT29 cells was observed. Evaluation of a limited number of clinical samples of CRCs revealed that in 33% of cases, SPARC promoter methylation was present. These results suggest that in a subset of CRCs, SPARC promoter hypermethylation may contribute to repressing its transcription. This methylation status could be reversed in all four cell lines following exposure to 8 µM 5-Aza, with concomitant increases at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, in HCT 116 cells, a significant decrease in cell viability could be observed following incubation of 5-Aza and 100µM of 5-FU in comparison to 5-FU alone: from 99.6%+ 5.3viable cells (5-FU treated only) to 77.4% + 8.1. In CONCLUSION, SPARC promoter methylation may play a role in the transcriptional downregulation of SPARC in CRC, and the addition of a demethylating agent that upregulates SPARC expression may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of CRC.
Winding Roots of Wnts (2008)

Several factors contributed to the discovery of Wnt genes. On the one hand, the development of research tools in mammalian genetics such as mouse strains with high incidence of cancer in 1920-1930s led to discovery of the mouse mammary tumor virus in 1949. This virus in turn was used in 1982 to identify int-1 (Wnt1) in mammals. On the other hand, a discovery of the wingless mutant in 1973 resulted in cloning of the wingless (wg) gene in 1987. A comparative analysis of int-1 and wg led to the realization that these genes are evolutionarily related. This brought about a harmonization of names for a whole family of these genes now known as the Wnt family of genes. This review mainly focuses on what stood at the cradle of research on Wnt genes, and in particular on those elements that were nearly lost in history.
Arthroscopic‐assisted focal resurfacing of the knee: surgical technique and preliminary results of 13 patients at 2 years follow‐up (2010)

Retrospective case series, Level IV.
The Effects of L-Thyroxine Sodium on Nontoxic Goiter, on Myxedema and on the Thyroid Uptake of Radioactive Iodine (1952)

SYNTHETIC thyroxine is apparently absorbed and physiologically active when ingested, although it has generally been used intravenously.1 2 3 4 5 6 Clinical studies employing oral administration of 1-thyroxine sodium have demonstrated its effectiveness in treating and maintaining athyreotic patients.5 , 6 The possible advantages inherent in a therapeutic agent of constant potency and composition have prompted further clinical evaluation of 1-thyroxine sodium in patients with myxedema. In addition, we have studied the suppressive effect of 1-thyroxine administration on the thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine, as well as its influence on the size of nontoxic goiters.MethodsUptakes of radioactive iodine were determined in 7 patients with . . .
MARK I MTA LINEAR ACCELERATOR RUN NO. 2 (1953)

During Run No. 2, the first proton beam was accelerated A peak end-to- end cavity voltage of 25.1 million volts was attained with pulsed operation at a 16% duty cycle. Severe sparking at the 0-1 gap damaged the drift tube surfaces so that sufficiently high voltage could not be held for continued beam operation. The machine was shut down to clean drift tube surfaces again. Also the conical shaped, water-cooled Al target designed to absorb the full beam power was to be installed. (auth)
Therapeutic Non-Toxic Doses of TNF Induce Significant Regression in TNFR2-p75 Knockdown Lewis Lung Carcinoma Tumor Implants (2014)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) binds to two receptors: TNFR1/p55-cytotoxic and TNFR2/p75-pro-survival. We have shown that tumor growth in p75 knockout (KO) mice was decreased more than 2-fold in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLCs). We hypothesized that selective blocking of TNFR2/p75 LLCs may sensitize them to TNF-induced apoptosis and affect the tumor growth. We implanted intact and p75 knockdown (KD)-LLCs (>90%, using shRNA) into wild type (WT) mice flanks. On day 8 post-inoculation, recombinant murine (rm) TNF-α (12.5 ng/gr of body weight) or saline was injected twice daily for 6 days. Tumor volumes (tV) were measured daily and tumor weights (tW) on day 15, when study was terminated due to large tumors in LLC+TNF group. Tubular bones, spleens and peripheral blood (PB) were examined to determine possible TNF toxicity. There was no significant difference in tV or tW between LLC minus (-) TNF and p75KD/LLC-TNF tumors. Compared to 3 control groups, p75KD/LLC+TNF showed >2-5-fold decreases in tV (p<0.001) and tW (p<0.0001). There was no difference in tV or tW end of study vs. before injections in p75KD/LLC+TNF group. In 3 other groups tV and tW were increased 2.7-4.5-fold (p<0.01, p<0.0002 and p<0.0001). Pathological examination revealed that 1/3 of p75KD/LLC+rmTNF tumors were 100% necrotic, the remaining revealed 40-60% necrosis. No toxicity was detected in bone marrow, spleen and peripheral blood. We concluded that blocking TNFR2/p75 in LLCs combined with intra-tumoral rmTNF injections inhibit LLC tumor growth. This could represent a novel and effective therapy against lung neoplasms and a new paradigm in cancer therapeutics.
R‐Ras deficiency does not affect papain‐induced IgE production in mice (2017)

Taken together, despite having reduced number of conventional DC's in the R-Ras KO mice and low expression of CD80 on DC's, the R-Ras KO mice are capable of mounting papain-induced IgE responses comparable to that of the WT mice. To our knowledge, this is the first report addressing potential differences in in vivo allergen responses regulated by the R-Ras GTPase.
First steps of robotic perception: the turning point of the 1990s (2002)

In this paper we analyze the early evolution of robot perception toward robot autonomy: respective impacts of the bare technology and of advanced control are put in perspective. At first, the UniBuM's vehicle, operational in the 1990s, is taken as a study example. The strong points of such systems suggest a discussion of the software technology in image processing and of the hardware technological concept of silicon retina regarding their respective contribution to real machine vision. This second part elicits limitations, which lead again to concepts and realizations in control, through the need for sensor fusion and active vision. The ultimate step to robot autonomy would be learning, and this is considered in the conclusion.
Megabase-sized linear DNA in the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme disease agent. (1989)

Using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis we examined the genome of Borrelia burgdorferi, a eubacterium of the spirochete phylum and the agent of Lyme disease. A population of this species' cells was lysed in situ in agarose blocks. An abundant DNA form that behaved as a linear duplex molecule under different electrophoretic conditions was found. The estimated size of the molecule was 950 kilobases. DNA from two other genera of spirochetes did not enter the gel under these conditions. These studies indicate that Borrelia spirochetes, perhaps uniquely among prokaryotic organisms, have linear chromosomes.
THE PARTICIPATION OF A AND B POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS IN THE ACTIVE SITES OF ANTIBODY MOLECULES (1964)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Deep Sequencing Shows Multiple Oligouridylations Are Required for 3′ to 5′ Degradation of Histone mRNAs on Polyribosomes (2020)

Histone mRNAs are rapidly degraded when DNA replication is inhibited during S-phase with degradation initiating with oligouridylation of the stemloop at the 3′ end. We developed a customized RNA-Seq strategy to identify the 3′ termini of degradation intermediates of histone mRNAs. Using this strategy, we identified two types of oligouridylated degradation intermediates: RNAs ending at different sites of the 3′ side of the stemloop that resulted from initial degradation by 3′hExo and intermediates near the stop codon and within the coding region. Sequencing of polyribosomal histone mRNAs revealed that degradation initiates and proceeds 3′ to 5′ on translating mRNA and many intermediates are capped. Knockdown of the exosome-associated exonuclease Pml/Scl-100, but not the Dis3L2 exonuclease, slows histone mRNA degradation, consistent with 3′ to 5′ degradation by the exosome containing PM/Scl-100. Knockdown of No-go decay factors also slowed histone mRNA degradation, suggesting a role in removing ribosomes from partially degraded mRNAs.
A dynamic element matching technique for flash analog-to-digital converters (2004)

A flash analog-to-digital converter is proposed that employs a new dynamic element matching architecture. The architecture uses a new strategy of incorporating switches in the voltage reference generator that allows lower hardware complexity and higher conversion speed than comparable converters. The converter has been modeled and simulated on a behavioral level in Matlab. The results indicate good linearity properties that together with the expected speed performance should make it suitable in intended communications applications.
On the origin of paramagnetic inhomogeneity effects in whole blood (1991)

Asymmetric 7 T proton NMR signals of water in RBC suspensions containing intracellular deoxyhemoglobin are composites of chemically shifted extracellular and intracellular resonances broadened by gradient diffusion and modulated by transmembrane water exchange. This allows assessment of field dependences of acute hematoma intensities in proton MRIs at lower field strengths (less than or equal to 1.5 T).
Picosecond dynamics of iron proteins (1977)

The excitation of hemoproteins containing either Fe(2+) or Fe(3+) with a picosecond light pulse resulted in the bleaching and recovery of the iron absorbance bands within 6 psec. A new absorbance band also was observed whose formation and decay rate of less than 6 psec suggests that it is probably due to S(1)-->S(n) absorbance. The Soret band relaxation time is deduced to be approximately 0.5 psec whereas the free base hemoprotein does not show any of the above fast-decay characteristics. Therefore, there is a strong influence of the metal on the energy dissipation process.
Transplantation of Normal and Genetically Engineered Glia into Areas of Demyelination<sup>a</sup> (1991)

No abstract available.
Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin on the Levels of Acid Phosphatase, Lysozyme and Cathepsin in Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages (1965)

Summary A study has been made of the time course and dose-response curves of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and cathepsin in rabbit alveolar macrophages following the injection of bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) by the intratracheal route. Significant elevation in the levels of these acid hydrolases was observed within 3 to 7 days following the injection of BCG. The increase in enzyme levels was observed to be a dose-related response.
Fundamental functions for ultrafast optical routing by temporal frequency-to-space conversion (2001)

We demonstrate fundamental functions for ultrafast optical routing by using an elemental part of an ultrafast optical technique for conversion of time to two-dimensional space. A preliminary experimental result shows that recognition of header signals can be achieved at a rate of more than 600 Gbytes/s.
The Study of Biomass Emissions for Defining Radiative Forcing of Climate (2003)

Accurate quantification of the amounts of trace gases and particulate matter emitted from vegetation fires and other sources of biomass burning (agricultural waste and biofuels) on a regional and global basis is required by a number of users, including scientists studying a wide range of atmospheric processes, national governments who are required to report greenhouse gas emissions, and those interested in quantifying the sources of air pollution that affect human health at regional scales. Over the past decade, improvements in the ability to detect and map fires using a number of different satellite systems have been achieved, largely through efforts coordinated through working groups organized by the IGBP Data and Information System and Global Observation of Forest Cover (GOFC) projects. In addition, significant advances and improvement in or understanding of the emissions factors for biomass burning in different biomes has resulted through efforts by the Biomass Burning Experiment (BIBEX) organized through the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry project. A number of satellite-based fire data products have been generated, and a number of new products will shortly be available. These new data products will provide the basis for estimating emissions from biomass burning on a global basis. However, a number of issues remain concerning the availability of other data sets needed to generate these estimates. Recognizing these issues, the GOFC-Fire Satellite Validation Workshop (held in Lisbon, Portugal on 9-11 July 2001), recommended that a workshop focusing on Improving Global Estimates of Atmospheric Emissions from Biomass Burning be organized. This workshop was held from 17- 19 July 2002 on the campus of the University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland. This workshop served as the annual meeting of the GOFC/GOLD-Fire Program. The overall goals of the meeting were to review the information products generated from satellite imagery and other sources that are currently available for developing emission estimates from biomass burning, evaluate areas where improved or additional products would be beneficial, and recommend products for use by the atmospheric science community.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Photoaffinity Label for the Dopamine Transporter Based on N‐Substituted 3α‐[Bis(4′‐fluorophenyl)methoxy]tropane. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New-Onset Delusions Heralding an Underlying Neurodegenerative Condition (2020)

Neurodegenerative disease should be on the differential diagnosis for any patient presenting with new-onset psychosis and behavioral changes in mid to late adulthood. Should red-flag features be present, early referral to a clinic specializing in dementia is recommended for further evaluation. This case highlights that MAPT mutations can be associated with psychosis in FTD and should be considered in the genetic workup. Ongoing research into the cellular and neural circuit mechanisms of psychosis in neurodegenerative disease may shed light on pathologic processes underlying psychosis in primary psychiatric disorders.
Homology modeling of an RNP domain from a human RNA‐binding protein: Homology‐constrained energy optimization provides a criterion for distinguishing potential sequence alignments (1998)

We have recently described an automated approach for homology modeling using restrained molecular dynamics and simulated annealing procedures (Li et al, Protein Sci., 6:956–970,1997). We have employed this approach for constructing a homology model of the putative RNA-binding domain of the human RNA-binding protein with multiple splice sites (RBP-MS). The regions of RBP-MS which are homologous to the template protein snRNP U1A were constrained by “homology distance constraints,” while the conformation of the non-homologous regions were defined only by a potential energy function. A full energy function without explicit solvent was employed to ensure that the calculated structures have good conformational energies and are physically reasonable. The effects of misalignment of the unknown and the template sequences were also explored in order to determine the feasibility of this homology modeling method for distinguishing possible sequence alignments based on considerations of the resulting conformational energies of modeled structures. Differences in the alignments of the unknown and the template sequences result in significant differences in the conformational energies of the calculated homology models. These results suggest that conformational energies and residual constraint violations in these homology-constrained simulated annealing calculations can be used as criteria to distinguish between correct and incorrect sequence alignments and chain folds. Proteins 33:558–566, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Femtosecond melting of GaAs probed by reflectivity and second-harmonic generation (1990)

Semiconductor-laser melting studies have shown the validity of a thermal model down to picosecond time scales. When excited with an intense femtosecond pulse at 620 nm, however, GaAs undergoes a phase transition because of partial energy transfer from the hot electron plasma to the ionic motion. We have performed pump-probe experiments on crystalline GaAs in which we measure both the linear reflectivity and the reflected second-harmonic light. The second-harmonic radiation is generated in the upper ~100 atomic layers of the crystal and provides a sensitive probe of the symmetry of the material to this depth. The data at high fluence are consistent with an ultrarapid transformation of the excited material to a high-reflectivity molten phase that produces negligible second harmonic within 200 fs of the excitation. Below melting fluence, a plasma-induced dip in reflectivity is observed. This dip, which lasts approximately 2 ps, is followed by a slight rise that can be attributed to lattice heating. We will present measurements of the second-harmonic and reflectivity from GaAs d and n surfaces probed under various polarizations during femtosecond melting.
Terrestrial ecosystems and climatic change (1990)

The structure and function of terrestrial ecosystems depend on climate, and in turn, ecosystems influence atmospheric composition and climate. A comprehensive, global model of terrestrial ecosystem dynamics is needed. A hierarchical approach appears advisable given currently available concepts, data, and formalisms. The organization of models can be based on the temporal scales involved. A rapidly responding model describes the processes associated with photosynthesis, including carbon, moisture, and heat exchange with the atmosphere. An intermediate model handles subannual variations that are closely associated with allocation and seasonal changes in productivity and decomposition. A slow response model describes plant growth and succession with associated element cycling over decades and centuries. These three levels of terrestrial models are linked through common specifications of environmental conditions and constrain each other. 58 refs.
The Uranium Deposits of T&ocirc;g&ocirc; Mine of Ningy&ocirc;-t&ocirc;ge Uranium Field (1963)

In the area of Tôgô mine and its vicinity of the Ningyô-tôge uranium field, there are three types of granite, namely Okutsu, Ningyô-tôge, and Ogamo. Nearly horizontally stratified strata of Misasa group of Neogene Tertiary lie uncomformably on these granites and this group has three cycles on the point of volcano-stratigraphy. Uranium has been deposited in the lower beds of Misasa group, and its location is controlled by the so-called channel structure on the surface of unconformity of the granites. Uranium is mainly found in basal conglomerate and arkose, and rarely in shale and tuff etc. Ore grade is 0.07-0.10% U3O8.Several uranium minerals are found, namely ningyôite, uraninite, and coffinite as the primary minerals and autunite and β-uranophane, etc. as the secondary minerals.It is thought that these uranium deposits are epigenetic and uranium was deposited from the underground water.
The LRS and SIN Domains: Two Structurally Equivalent but Functionally Distinct Nucleosomal Surfaces Required for Transcriptional Silencing (2006)

Genetic experiments have identified two structurally similar nucleosomal domains, SIN and LRS, required for transcriptional repression at genes regulated by the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex or for heterochromatic gene silencing, respectively. Each of these domains consists of histone H3 and H4 L1 and L2 loops that form a DNA-binding surface at either superhelical location (SHL) +/-2.5 (LRS) or SHL +/-0.5 (SIN). Here we show that alterations in the LRS domain do not result in Sin(-) phenotypes, nor does disruption of the SIN domain lead to loss of ribosomal DNA heterochromatic gene silencing (Lrs(-) phenotype). Furthermore, whereas disruption of the SIN domain eliminates intramolecular folding of nucleosomal arrays in vitro, alterations in the LRS domain have no effect on chromatin folding in vitro. In contrast to these dissimilarities, we find that the SIN and LRS domains are both required for recruitment of Sir2p and Sir4p to telomeric and silent mating type loci, suggesting that both surfaces can contribute to heterochromatin formation. Our study shows that structurally similar nucleosomal surfaces provide distinct functionalities in vivo and in vitro.
An 805-Mc 1-1/4-Mw Amplifier for Acceierator Service (1965)

An 805-Mc 1-1/4-Mw amplifier has been constructed for test and evaluation as a power source for accelerator service. The amplifier has been designed for 6% duty factor and a maximum pulse length of 2 milliseconds. The amplifier is described and preliminary test results are presented.