gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
33 NOX1 IS REQUIRED FOR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL ACTIVATION OF MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 9 AND CELL MIGRATION IN RESPONSE TO THROMBIN. (2007)

<h3></h3> Smooth muscle cell (SMC) degradation of the extracellular matrix and migration to the intima are fundamental processes in the vascular response to injury. NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in development of vascular disease; however, the specific contribution of Nox1 and Nox4, the primary catalytic subunits of NADPH oxidase in SMC, is poorly understood. We hypothesized that Nox1-derived ROS mediate thrombin-dependent activation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and migration of SMCs. Studies were performed in SMCs cultured from the aorta of Nox1 null and littermate control mice. Thrombin (2 U/mL) increased superoxide levels in control SMCs, as measured by dihydroethidium, and this response was inhibited by the flavoenzyme inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI, 10 μM). In contrast, thrombin failed to increase ROS in Nox1 null SMCs. Previous studies have identified Src and mitogen-activated protein kinases as key redox-dependent regulatory proteins in thrombin-stimulated responses. Five minutes following thrombin stimulation, both Src and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were significantly decreased in Nox1 null SMCs compared with normal SMCs, measured by densitometry of Western blots. In addition, in response to thrombin, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation was reduced in Nox1 null VSMCs. Conditioned media was collected 24 hours after cells were treated with thrombin and MMP-9 activity measured by gelatin zymography. Thrombin increased MMP-9 more than twofold in control cells; however, thrombin failed to increase MMP-9 activity in Nox1 null cells. Using a wound-scratch assay, the number and distance of cells migrating into the injured area were markedly reduced in SMCs deficient in Nox1. In conclusion, the Nox1 subunit of NADPH oxidase is required by SMCs for thrombin-dependent activation of MMP-9 and cell migration. In addition, Nox1 generation of ROS participates in phosphorylation of Src and of ERK1/2. These findings suggest that Nox1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease.
Combined channel estimation and data detection using soft statistics for frequency-selective fast-fading digital links (1998)

A novel adaptive nonlinear equalizer for fast time-varying multipath channels that combines the channel estimation and data detection tasks is presented. The a posteriori probabilities (APPs) of the states of the intersymbol interference (ISI) channel are recursively computed from the received data by a symbol-by-symbol (SbS) detector and are then employed by a Kalman-type nonlinear channel estimator. Robust channel tracking and good data-detection performance are obtained, with a reasonable receiver complexity.
Hypoxia-induced changes in the expression of rat hepatobiliary transporter genes (2007)

Cholestatic disorders may arise from liver ischemia (e.g., in liver transplantation) through various mechanisms. We have examined the potential of hypoxia to induce changes in the expression of hepatobiliary transporter genes. In a model of arterial liver ischemia subsequent to complete arterial deprivation of the rat liver, the mRNA levels of VEGF, a hypoxia-inducible gene, were increased fivefold after 24 h. The pattern of VEGF-induced expression and ultrastructural changes, including swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum, indicated that hypoxia affected primarily cholangiocytes, but also hepatocytes, predominantly in the periportal area. Serum and bile analyses demonstrated liver dysfunction of cholestatic type with reduced bile acid biliary excretion. Fluorescence-labeled ursodeoxycholic acid used as a tracer displayed no regurgitation, eliminating bile leakage as a significant mechanism of cholestasis in this model. In liver tissue, a marked reduction in the mRNA levels of Na(+)-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (Ntcp), bile salt export protein (Bsep), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and an increase in those of Cftr were detected before bile duct proliferation occurred. In cultured hepatocytes, a nontoxic hypoxic treatment caused a decrease in the mRNA and protein expression of Ntcp, Bsep, and Mrp2 and in the mRNA levels of nuclear factors involved in the transactivation of these genes, i.e., HNF4alpha, RXRalpha, and FXR. In bile duct preparations, hypoxic treatment elicited an increase in Cftr transcripts, along with a rise in cAMP, a major regulator of Cftr expression and function. In conclusion, hypoxia triggers a downregulation of hepatocellular transporters, which may contribute to cholestasis, whereas Cftr, which drives secretion in cholangiocytes, is upregulated.
Linear demultiple solution based on the concept of bottom‐multiple‐generator (BMG) approxiamtion: some new results (2006)

ABSTRACT Recent advances in the demultiple technique have shown that a multidimensional convolution of a portion of data containing only primaries with the whole data (containing both primaries and multiples) can allow us to predict and attenuate all orders of free‐surface multiples that are relevant for practical purposes. One way of constructing the portion of the data containing only primaries is by muting the actual data just above the first free‐surface multiple to arrive. The location of the mute is generally known as the bottom‐multiple‐generator (BMG) reflector; the portion of the data containing only primaries required for constructing the free‐surface multiples is located above the BMG. The outstanding question about this method is how effective can the technique be when the BMG cuts through several seismic events, as is the case in long‐offset data or in very complex shallow geology. We present new results which demonstrate the fact that the BMG location may cut through several seismic events without affecting the accuracy or the cost of demultiple.
Performance Oriented Packaging Report for Charge, Demolition Block, 1/4 Pound, (TNT) w/Priming Adapters M1A4 (1992)

Abstract : This POP report is for the Charge, Demolition Block, 1/4 Pound, (TNT) w/ Priming Adapters which is packaged 192 charges/mil-B-2427 wood box. This report. describes the results of testing conducted on a similar packaging which is used as an analogy for this item.... Performance oriented packaging, POP, Charge, Demolition block, 1/4 Pound, (TNT) w/ Priming adapters, Mil-B-2427 Wood box.
Reduced Atherosclerotic Plaque but Enhanced Aneurysm Formation in Mice With Inactivation of the Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ( <i>TIMP-1</i> ) Gene (2002)

Development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions and aneurysm formation were investigated in mice with single or combined deficiency of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) kept on a cholesterol-rich diet for 30 weeks. Atherosclerotic lesions throughout the thoracic aorta were significantly (P<0.001) larger in mice wild-type for TIMP-1 (ApoE-/-:TIMP-1+/+) than in mice deficient in TIMP-1 (ApoE-/-:TIMP-1-/-). Aneurysms in the thoracic and abdominal aortas were less frequent in ApoE-/-:TIMP-1+/+ mice than in ApoE-/-:TIMP-1-/- mice (11+/-3.0 versus 23+/-5.1 aneurysms per 100 sections analyzed, mean+/-SD, P<0.001). Immunocytochemistry revealed enhanced accumulation of Oil red O-stained lipids, colocalizing with macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions of ApoE-/-:TIMP-1-/- mice (P<0.05). In situ zymography using a casein substrate showed enhanced lysis in plaques of ApoE-/-:TIMP-1-/- mice as compared with ApoE-/-:TIMP-1+/+ mice (P<0.01). MMP activity was most pronounced at sites where degradation of the elastic lamina occurred. These data suggest that enhanced MMP activity, as a result of TIMP-1 deficiency, contributes to a reduction of atherosclerotic plaque size but promotes aneurysm formation.
Permeability of Polymer Films to Gases and Vapors (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPermeability of Polymer Films to Gases and VaporsRichard Waack, N. H. Alex, H. L. Frisch, Vivian Stannett, and Michael SzwarcCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 12, 2524–2527Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50552a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50552a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1201Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An efficient scanning pattern for layered manufacturing processes (2002)

Path generation is an important factor that affects the quality and efficiency of most layered manufacturing processes such as SLS, SLA and FDM. This paper introduces an efficient path generation algorithm. The principle of the algorithm and the implementation are presented. A comparative study is used to analyze the effectiveness of this method. The results of comparison on both the path length and processing time between the traditional method and the proposed method are discussed.
Increased Biofuel Production by Metabolic Engineering of<i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> (2014)

Researched data suggest that membrane-associated proteins in the ethanol-adapted strain are either synthesized in lesser quantities or not properly incorporated into the cell membrane. In this study, 49 different proteins were identified and among them were two highly abundant surface layer proteins, flagellum components, and paralogs of the high-molecular-weight surface layer protein. These identified proteins may represent new virulence factors. The current status for reduction of expression of multiple genes is antisense RNA technology. The introduction of plasmids bearing genes of acid pathways showed only a modest effect on the acid content. This suggests that increasing the levels of certain enzymes may not affect the overall metabolite profile if they are already in adequate amount and the network is limited by other factors. Among the strategies discussed to increase the butanol fraction of solvents in Clostridium acetobutylicum, that is, by manipulating expression levels of genes for acid and solvent production, regulators, heat shock proteins, and sporulation, altering gene expression for cell membrane synthesis would be expected to directly address solvent tolerance as well as production capabilities. The study of the genes encoding the 1,3-PD operon of Clostridium butyricum VPI1718 revealed three genes, dhaB1, dhaB2, and dhaT. Studies detailed in this chapter reflect an increased level of complexity in the process of metabolic engineering and recognize that attempts to improve the desired phenotype must be accompanied by a deeper understanding of the organism as a whole if success in strain engineering is to be achieved.
Development and evaluation of stability and ultrasound response of DSPC-DPSG-based freeze-dried microbubbles (2018)

It is known that Phosphatidyl choline-Phosphatidyl glycerol mixtures can be used for liposome formulations, making them less leaky than liposomes with only one lipid. We hypothesized that this might also be the case for bubbles, which can be used as ultrasound (US) contrast agents. Therefore, we have compared a series of mixed distearoyl phosphatidylcholine-distearoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DSPC-DPSG) bubbles and with bubbles containing either DSPC or DSPG (and distearoyl ethanolamine-polyethyleneglycol 2000, DSPE-PEG2k). Here, we describe the development, examination of stability <i>in vitro</i> and attenuation of broad frequency US pulses. Novel lipid-stabilized freeze-dried formulations for US applications, using the phospholipids DSPC, DSPG, and PEGylated DSPE-PEG2k and perfluoropropane gas were developed. It was found that the bubbles could effectively be preserved by freeze-drying and then re-constituted by addition of water. Average bubble sizes were around 2 µm for all bubbles after re-constitution. Bubble stability was assessed by evaluating the decay of the US backscattering signal <i>in vitro</i>. Bubbles containing DSPG were more stable than bubbles with only DSPC. The composition DSPC:DSPG:DSPE-PEG2k 30:60:10 (molar ratio) was the most stable with an effective half-life of 9.12 min, compared to bubbles without DSPG, which had half-life of 2.05 min. Bubble attenuation of US depended highly on the compositions. Bubbles without DSPG had the highest attenuation indicating higher oscillation the most but were also destroyed by higher energy US. No bubbles with DSPG showed any indication of destruction but all had increased attenuations to varying degrees, DSPC:DSPG:DSPE-PEG2k 45:45:10 showed the least attenuation.
Inhibition Of Cytokine Release By And Cardiac Effects Of Type Iv Phosphodiesterase Inhibition In Early, Profound Endotoxaemia <i>In Vivo</i> (2000)

1. In rats, inhibition of type IV phosphodiesterase (PDE4) attenuates acute renal failure and early (hours) mortality induced by high-dose endotoxin. Because it is unlikely that protection of renal function accounts for improved early survivability, most likely PDE4 inhibition exerts multiple beneficial effects in endotoxaemia and the purpose of the present study was to test this hypothesis. 2. In study 1, we determined, in anaesthetized rats, the effects of endotoxin (30 mg/kg, i.v.) on cardiac performance parameters (heart rate (HR), ventricular peak systolic pressure (VPSP), maximum positive change in left ventricular pressure with respect to time (+dP/dt), maximum negative change in left ventricular pressure with respect to time (-dP/dtmax), ventricular end-diastolic pressure (VEDP), ventricular minimum diastolic pressure (VMDP) and HR-pressure product), plasma catecholamine levels, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-lbeta). 3. In study 2, we determined, in anaesthetized rats, whether inhibition of PDE4 attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes in the aforementioned parameters of heart performance and neurohumoral status. We compared the changes in these parameters induced by endotoxaemia in animals treated with either RO 20-1724 (10 microg/kg per min; a selective PDE4 inhibitor) or its vehicle (DMSO; 1.35 microL/min). 4. At 90 min postadministration, endotoxin significantly increased HR and reduced -dP/dtmax and VEDP and caused a several-fold increase in plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, noradrenaline, adrenaline and PRA. RO20-1724 significantly blunted the endotoxin-induced reduction in -dP/dtmax and decreased endotoxin-induced increases in TNF-alpha and IL-1beta without significantly altering endotoxin-induced changes in HR, VEDP, catecholamine levels and PRA. 5. Results from these studies indicate that, in addition to preserving renal function, PDE4 inhibition attenuates inflammatory cytokine release caused by high-dose endotoxin and may have protective effects on diastolic function in early profound endotoxaemia.
Mercury Target and Its Peripheral Devices for 1 MW Spallation Neutron Source (2004)

The Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute (JAERI) and the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) are promoting a plan to construct a 1MW neutron source facility at the Tokai Research Establishment, JAERI, under the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC) Project. In the facility, 1 MW pulsed proton beam from a high-intensity proton accelerator will be injected into a mercury target in order to produce high-intensity pulse neutrons for use in the fields of life and material sciences. In order to realize such a high-power neutron source, the design activity of a cross flow type (CFT) mercury target and its peripheral devices has continued and the results is reflected in the ordering specifications of the facility construction. The arrangement of each component and their structure was optimized through experimental and analytical studies. In this paper, the present design of the mercury target components for 1MW spallation neutron source including the target vessel, a mercury circulation system, and a target trolley will be reported.
Contribution of Regulatory T Cells in Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2 Response to Influenza Virus Infection (2018)

Influenza A virus (IAV) is recognized to cause severe pulmonary illnesses in humans, particularly in elderly and children. One of the features associated with IAV infection is an excessive lung inflammation due to an uncontrolled immune response. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) receptor is known to recognize ssRNA viruses such as IAV, but its role in the inflammatory process during viral infections remains to be clarified. In a previous report, we have shown that activation of NOD2 with muramyl dipeptide (MDP) significantly reduces both viral loads and lung inflammation and also improves pulmonary function during IAV infection. These findings prompted us to further investigate whether NOD2 receptor may contribute to regulate inflammation during viral infection. In the present study, we show that administration of MDP to mice infected with IAV stimulates the migration of regulatory T (Treg) cells to the lungs. Such a presence of Treg cells was also accompanied with a reduction of neutrophils in the lungs during IAV infection, which correlated, with a significant decrease of Th17 cells. In our model, Treg cell recruitment is dependent of CXCL12 and CCL5 chemokines. Moreover, we show that the presence of Ly6C<sup>low</sup> patrolling monocytes is required for Treg cells mobilization to the lung of mice treated with MDP. In fact, following monocyte depletion by administration of clodronate liposome, mobilization of Treg cells to the lungs of treated mice was found to occur when circulating Ly6C<sup>low</sup> monocytes begin to reemerge. In addition, we also detected an increased production of TGF-β, a cytokine contributing to Treg activity when blood Ly6C<sup>low</sup> monocytes are restored. Together, our results demonstrate that MDP treatment can promote an anti-inflammatory environment through the mobilization of Treg cells to the lung, a mechanism that requires the presence of Ly6C<sup>low</sup> monocytes during IAV infection. Overall, our results suggest that activation of NOD2 receptor could be an appealing approach to control pulmonary inflammation in patients infected with IAV.
Interleukin-1 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Induce Transient Expression of an Inhibitor of Nuclear Factor kB in Endothelial Cells (1993)

Using a differential screening strategy, clone 133 was identified as an immediate early gene induced by interleukin-1 (IL-1) in human endothelial cells (HEC). The sequence of the cDNA revealed identity with a recently identified member of the inhibitors of nuclear factor kB family (IkB). IkB/clone 133 is expressed at low levels in unstimulated endothelial cells and is rapidly induced by the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα*), but not interleukin-6. Inducibility by IL-1 is abolished by the IL-1 receptor antagonist. Cycloheximide superinduces IkB/clone 133 expression in HEC. IL-1 and TNFα have little or no effect on IkB/clone 133 expression in a fibrosarcoma cell line responsive to these polypeptide mediators. These results show for the first time cytokine-inducible lineage-specific expression of a member of the IkB family.
Deletion mapping of a short polyoma virus middle T antigen segment important for transformation (1983)

Viable polyoma virus mutants were constructed that had small deletions in the early region of the genome. The deletions together removed most of the segment missing from the genome of the nontransforming mutant dl23 (N. Smolar and B. E. Griffin, J. Virol. 38:958-967, 1981). The transformation properties, as measured by colony formation in soft agar, of mutants with overlapping or contiguous deletions showed that part or all of the middle T antigen segment, consisting of the short amino acid sequence Glu4-Tyr-Met-Pro-Met, was essential for the activity of the protein in transformation. However, the segment could be deleted without significant effect on the in vitro protein kinase activity associated with the middle T antigen.
Hydrazine Hydrate (NH<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O) (2004)

The synthetic utilities of hydrazine hydrate have been extensively investigated in organic chemistry. Among reducing agents, hydrazine hydrate stands out for its application to a broad variety of reductive transformations. It is easy to use and reduces many functional groups, such as carbonyl compounds, alkenes, alkynes and nitro groups under mild reaction conditions. Hydrazine hydrate is commercially available. It is a liquid (mp -52 °C, bp 120-121 °C, d = 1.027 g/mL), and is ­soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, propanol and iso­butanol.
Reciblage des vaccins dérivés de vecteurs adénoviraux vers les cellules dendritiques (2008)

National audience
Alprazolam Attenuates the Behavioral Effects of d-Amphetamine in Humans (2004)

The results of preclinical behavioral pharmacology studies suggest that gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor modulators attenuate the behavioral effects of commonly abused stimulants such as amphetamines and cocaine under a variety of behavioral arrangements including drug discrimination and self-administration. In the present experiment, 6 healthy humans learned to discriminate 15-mg oral D-amphetamine. After acquiring the discrimination (ie, . > or = 80% correct responding on 4 consecutive days), the effects of a range of doses of D-amphetamine (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 mg), alone and following pretreatment with alprazolam (0 and 0.5 mg), a GABAA receptor modulator, were assessed. D-Amphetamine alone functioned as a discriminative stimulus and produced stimulant-like self-reported drug effects (eg, increased scores on a Stimulant-Sensitive Adjective-Rating Scale). These effects were generally a function of dose. Alprazolam alone did not occasion D-amphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects, nor did it increase ratings of sedation or impair performance. Alprazolam pretreatment significantly attenuated the discriminative stimulus effects of D-amphetamine, and some of the self-reported drug effects. Future human laboratory experiments should compare the behavioral effects of D-amphetamine alone and following pretreatment with alprazolam using other behavioral arrangements such as drug self-administration. Future laboratory experiments with humans should also determine if benzodiazepines with lower abuse potential (eg, oxazepam) might also attenuate the behavioral effects of D-amphetamine.