gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A repertoire of differentially expressed transcription factors that offers insight into mechanisms of human cytotrophoblast differentiation (1999)

During human placental development, specialized cells allocated to the extraembryonic lineage (cytotrophoblasts) invade the uterus, anchoring the conceptus to the decidua and tapping a supply of maternal blood. This unusual behavior requires cytotrophoblasts to assume highly specialized characteristics; some are commonly associated with tumor cells, while others are typical of endothelia. Here we investigated the transcriptional mechanisms that control cytotrophoblast differentiation/invasion. Specifically, we examined the cells' expression of a number of transcription factors, at the RNA level, as they differentiated along the invasive pathway in vitro. Since basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins play important roles in murine trophoblast differentiation, we first examined their expression by cytotrophoblasts. As in murine placental development, expression of the human homologue of Mash-2 was confined to progenitor cells. But expression of Hand-1, which promotes differentiation of murine trophoblast giant cells, was not detected. We also found that cytotrophoblasts upregulated the expression of bHLH/PAS factors that function in adaptive responses to hypoxia, including hEPAS-1, which is expressed primarily in endothelial cells. Quite unexpectedly, we discovered that cytotrophoblasts express high levels of mRNA encoding the human homologue of the Drosophila neuronal fate gene, glial cells missing-1 (gcm-1). We also found evidence of crosstalk between the bHLH and GCM-1 regulatory networks. Together, these results offer insights into the transcriptional mechanisms that govern cytotrophoblast differentiation/invasion. Interestingly, these mechanisms suggest analogies with those that govern differentiation of murine stem cells allocated to both the intra- and extraembryonic lineages.
NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION OF FUNCTIONAL HYPEREMIA USING NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY IN HUMAN (2002)

There are only a few studies that have monitored functional hyperemia in humans using positron emission tomography. Because near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) can measure blood volume change (ΔBV) in muscle tissue, this device has a possibility to determine function of hyperemia noninvasively. PURPOSE: To examine ΔBV responses during bicycle exercise as a functional hyperemia using 16 channels-NIRS. METHODS: A healthy male volunteer was tested for ΔBV in thigh muscle during bicycle exercise in an upright position. The subject exercised at 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 w for 5 min and 360 w until exhaustion (for 4 min). Venous occlusion was obtained in the lower extremity, at a horizontal position, immediately after each exercise bout. The rate of deoxy hemoglobin/myoglobin change and the rate of total Hb change during venous occlusion were used to determine muscle oxygen consumption (muscle VO2) index and blood flow (BF) index, respectively. RESULTS: ΔBV during exercise was gradually increased until 240 w and then leveled off at higher workloads. There was a significant positive relationship between BF index and ΔBV during exercise (r2 = 0.895, p < 0.001). Significant positive correlation was also found in muscle VO2 index and (BV during exercise below 240w, the point at which peak ΔBV was obtained (r2 = 0.993, p < 0.001). At higher workloads, muscle VO2 index continued to increase even though the ΔBV during exercise reached a plateau. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ΔBV during exercise may be reflected as exercise induced blood flow to the muscle tissue. Also, continuation of increase in muscle VO2 index, with no further increase in ΔBV, may indicate increase in O2 extraction at higher intensity exercise. This dissociation of muscle VO2 and BF may cause lower tissue oxygenation, and further lead to lactate threshold phenomenon.
A Hybrid Vehicle Evaluation Code and Its Application to Vehicle Design (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes a hybrid vehicle simulation model which can be applied to many of the vehicles currently being considered for low emissions and high fuel economy. The code operates in batch mode with all the vehicle information stored in data files. The code calculates power train dimensions, fuel economy for three driving schedules, time for 0 - 96 km/h at maximum acceleration, hill climbing performance, and emissions.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper also documents the application of the code to a hybrid vehicle that utilizes a hydrogen internal combustion engine. The simulation model is used for parametric studies of the vehicle. The results show the fuel economy of the vehicle as a function of vehicle mass, aerodynamic drag, engine efficiency, accessory load, and flywheel efficiency. The code also calculates the minimum flywheel energy and power to obtain a desired performance. The hydrogen hybrid vehicle analyzed in the paper has a range of 480 km (300 miles), with a predicted gasoline equivalent fuel efficiency of 33.7 km/liter (79.3 mpg).</div>
Survey of current practice for prevention of transfusion-transmitted cytomegalovirus in the United States: leucoreduction vs. cytomegalovirus-seronegative (2009)

There is wide variability in transfusion practices to reduce the risk of TT-CMV. Lack of a consensus approach may reflect the conflicting data that exist in the literature as well as adherence to longstanding practice.
The leakage resistance to ground of a NIST Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (2014)

The Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) leakage resistance to ground (LRG) is defined as the electrical resistance of one side of the measurement leads to ground. Under certain measurement conditions, this resistance can produce a significant systematic voltage error of the measured value of the PJVS output voltage. In particular, if the low side of the array is grounded, for instance in a direct comparison measurement with another JVS, then the LRG will reduce the PJVS output voltage. At 10 V, an error of 0.5 nV can result from a LRG of 50 GΩ if the measurement leads have a total resistance of 2.5 Ω. The LRG and the path of the leakage current to ground are difficult to determine. Furthermore, its corresponding voltage error is still present while the bias source is in operation to control the PJVS. It is therefore important to apply different measurement techniques to compare the corresponding LRG values.
Degradation of chlorinated polyethylene—III: Effect of additives on dehydrochlorination and oxygen absorption (1975)

Abstract Degradation of chlorinated polymers takes place via two simultaneous reactions; namely, dehydrochlorination and oxygen absorption. The dehydrochlorination and oxygen absorption of five grades of chlorinated polyenthylenes were studied at temperatures varying between 120 and 180°C. The chlorinated polyethylene grades varied in both molecular weight and chlorine content, the latter being in the range of 24.0 to 45.2 percent chlorine. Dehydrochlorination measurements on the pure polymers in both nitrogen and oxygen atmospheres showed that the rate of dehydrochlorination increases with an increase in the degree of chlorination of the polymer. The oxygen absorption rate, however, showed a decrease with higher chlorine content of the polymer. Dehydrochlorination and oxygen absorption studies were also carried out on chlorinated polyethylene containing dehydrochlorination stabilizers, antioxidants, antimony oxide, and other metal salts and metal oxides. Retardation of both oxygen absorption and dehydrochlorination was observed in the presence of antioxidants. More significant, however, was the observed action of some dehydrochlorination stabilizers as efficient antioxidants in the polymer.
An ultra‐high field strength <scp>MR</scp> image‐guided robotic needle delivery system for in‐bore small animal interventions (2017)

An MR image-guided system for in-bore needle deliveries to soft tissue targets in small animal models has been developed. The results of the needle targeting accuracy experiments in phantoms indicate that this system has the potential to deliver needles to the smallest soft tissue structures relevant in preclinical studies, at a wide variety of needle trajectories. Future work in the form of a fully-automated needle driver with precise depth control would benefit this system in terms of its applicability to a wider range of animal models and organ targets.
L’insertion de l’agriculture dans les projets d’aménagement des élus urbains (2015)

L’article pose le problème de la contribution de l’agriculture à l’aménagement des espaces périurbains par les villes. Il repose sur la mise en relation de travaux de recherche menés dans le cadre d’une thèse en 1999 dans l’arrondissement de Lille et d’un programme de recherche sur le développement urbain durable mené en 2007 dans l’agglomération tourangelle. La comparaison montre l’importance de la disponibilité foncière et de la convergence des représentations des élus locaux et des agriculteurs quant aux fonctions de l’agriculture. L’article explique les réticences des agriculteurs à s’engager dans des politiques territoriales discriminantes et finit sur la rareté foncière comme levier pour l’ancrage d’une agriculture multifonctionnelle.
Detection of Epileptogenic Cortical Malformations with Surface-Based MRI Morphometry (2011)

Magnetic resonance imaging has revolutionized the detection of structural abnormalities in patients with epilepsy. However, many focal abnormalities remain undetected in routine visual inspection. Here we use an automated, surface-based method for quantifying morphometric features related to epileptogenic cortical malformations to detect abnormal cortical thickness and blurred gray-white matter boundaries. Using MRI morphometry at 3T with surface-based spherical averaging techniques that precisely align anatomical structures between individual brains, we compared single patients with known lesions to a large normal control group to detect clusters of abnormal cortical thickness, gray-white matter contrast, local gyrification, sulcal depth, jacobian distance and curvature. To assess the effects of threshold and smoothing on detection sensitivity and specificity, we systematically varied these parameters with different thresholds and smoothing levels. To test the effectiveness of the technique to detect lesions of epileptogenic character, we compared the detected structural abnormalities to expert-tracings, intracranial EEG, pathology and surgical outcome in a homogeneous patient sample. With optimal parameters and by combining thickness and GWC, the surface-based detection method identified 92% of cortical lesions (sensitivity) with few false positives (96% specificity), successfully discriminating patients from controls 94% of the time. The detected structural abnormalities were related to the seizure onset zones, abnormal histology and positive outcome in all surgical patients. However, the method failed to adequately describe lesion extent in most cases. Automated surface-based MRI morphometry, if used with optimized parameters, may be a valuable additional clinical tool to improve the detection of subtle or previously occult malformations and therefore could improve identification of patients with intractable focal epilepsy who may benefit from surgery.
Prediction of immunoglobulin G content in bovine colostrum by near-infrared spectroscopy (2012)

The objective of this work was to assess the potential of near infrared spectroscopy to predict the immunoglobulin G (IgG) content in bovine colostrum. Liquid colostrum samples (n=157) were collected from Holstein cows from 2 dairy farms in southern Chile. Samples were obtained within 1h of parturition and scanned in folded transmission (transflectance) in the visible-near infrared range. Multivariate regression models (modified partial least squares) were developed with spectral data against IgG content measured by radial immunodiffusion. The best calibration included a mathematical treatment of the spectra by a second derivative plus standard normal variate and detrending. The best equation explained a high proportion of the variation in IgG content (R(2) of 0.95 in calibration and 0.94 in cross-validation). Average (91.5 g/L), standard deviation (37.6g/L), and range, as highest minus lowest values (171.9 g/L) of reference values were 10.1, 4.2, and 19 times the value of the root mean square error of cross-validation (9.03 g/L) respectively. Near-infrared spectroscopy, scanned in folded transmission, is an effective tool to predict the IgG content in liquid colostrum.
Keeping Public Health Clean: Food Policy Barriers and Opportunities in the Era of the Industrial Epidemics (2016)

Poor diet accounts for a larger burden of disability and death than tobacco, alcohol and physical inactivity combined.[1] The World Health Assembly has recognized this as a priority and has challenged member countries to reduce non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality by 25% by 2025 targeting their determinants.[2] Reaching these ambitious targets is possible, but it will require decisive action on diets and tobacco smoking if we want to make a difference.[1] Certainly diet can deliver these reductions rapidly, possibly in less than a decade, and particularly by reducing cardiovascular disease burden, still one of the most important cause of death globally. [3],[4] But the impact of these diseases can be substantially lowered. Several natural experiments have shown the dramatic changes in mortality can be observed after changes of risk factors at population level, many attributable to changes in food intake [5].
Preparation of vinyl esters of some chlorinated new oilseed crops fatty acids (1966)

Abstract Several mixtures of fatty acids derived from the seed oil of plants being investigated as new crops, have been chlorinated and the chlorinated acids have been converted to the vinyl esters. These products have potential utility as comonomers in vinyl polymerizations.
Association of initiation factor eIF-4E in a cap binding protein complex (eIF-4F) is critical for and enhances phosphorylation by protein kinase C. (1990)

Phosphorylation by protein kinase C of the mRNA cap binding protein purified as part of a cap binding protein complex (eIF-4F) or as a single protein (eIF-4E), has been examined. Significant phosphorylation (up to 1 mol of phosphate/mol of p25 subunit) occurs only when the protein is part of the eIF-4F complex. With purified eIF-4E, using the same conditions, up to 0.1 mol of phosphate can be incorporated. Tryptic phosphopeptide maps show that the site phosphorylated in the Mr 25,000 subunit of eIF-4F (eIF-4F p25) is the same as that modified in purified eIF-4E. Kinetic measurements obtained from initial rates indicate that the Km values for eIF-4F and eIF-4E are similar, although the Vmax is 5-6 times higher for the complex. Dephosphorylation of eIF-4F p25, previously phosphorylated with protein kinase C, occurs in reticulocyte lysate with a half-life of 15-20 min, whereas little dephosphorylation is observed after 15 min with the purified phosphorylated eIF-4E. Phosphorylation of eIF-4F on the p220 and p25 subunits does not affect the stability of the complex as indicated by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. However, addition of non-phosphorylated eIF-4E to the phosphorylated complex results in the dissociation of the complex. These results suggest that interaction of p25 with other subunits in the complex greatly affects phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of p25. Since the rate of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation is significantly greater in the complex, regulation of the cap binding protein by phosphorylation appears to occur primarily on eIF-4F.
Total wet mass of zooplankton during PROTRACTOR cruise 90P15430 (2000)

Matishov, Gennady G; Makarevich, Pavel R; Timofeev, Sergey F; Kuznetsov, Leonid L; Druzhkov, Nikolay V; Larionov, Viktor V; Golubev, Valery A; Zuyev, Aleksey N; Denisov, V I; Adrov, Nikolai M; Iliyn, G; Kuznetsov, A; Denisenko, Stanislav G; Savinov, Vladimir M; Shavikyn, A; Smolyar, I V; Levitus, Sydney; O'Brien, Todd; Baranova, Olga K (2000): Total wet mass of zooplankton during PROTRACTOR cruise 90P15430 [dataset]. Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.826724, In supplement to: Matishov, GG et al. (2000): Biological Atlas of the Arctic Seas 2000: Plankton of the Barents and Kara Seas (in english). International Ocean Atlas Series, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russia; Ocean Climate Laboratory, NODC/NOAA, USA, 2, 348 pp, hdl:10013/epic.42580.d025
Evaluation of the efficacy of the interdisciplinary endocrine board at the University of Tübingen in improving clinical pathways for patients with thyroid diseases and endocrine tumors (2006)

Objectives: Improving diagnostic and therapeutic pathways for endocrine diseases is an interdiscliplinary task involving endocrinologists, surgeons, radiologists and members of other specialties. In 2002 an "endocrine board" of endocrinologists, radiologists and surgeons was founded to ensure and improve the clinical pathways for patients with thyroid disease and endocrine tumors. The board meetings with individual case discussions take place once weekly.
Back Cover: Single‐Particle and Ensemble Diffusivities—Test of Ergodicity (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 5/2012) (2011)

Coincidence between the mean-squared displacements determined for the same molecule over sequential time intervals and for all molecules over the same time interval follows as a consequence of the ergodic theorem. In their Communication on page 1152 ff., C. Bräuchle et al. confirm experimentally this fundamental principle of thermodynamics by diffusion studies using fluorescence microscopy and NMR spectroscopy with pulsed field gradients.
Bi-way sorter. a two-dimensional systolic array (1992)

A VLSI implementation of a new two-dimensional systolic array for sorting in a sequential input/output environment is described. The new ‘bi-way’ sorter allows double the key length in the same chip area than the previously proposed two-way sorter. A 10 bit, 20 number prototype bi-way sorting chip in 3 μm CMOS has been tested at 9 MHz. Fast new techniques are described for sorting keys or sequences which exceed in length the capacity of the sorting hardware. A rapid testing procedure is outlined. The two-dimensional systolic sorter described in this paper offers an attractive alternative to nonsystolic sorters, especially at future levels of integration.
Virus-induced immunosuppression: immune system-mediated destruction of virus-infected dendritic cells results in generalized immune suppression (1995)

Despite the clinical importance of virus-induced immunosuppression, how virus infection may lead to a generalized suppression of the host immune response is poorly understood. To elucidate the principles involved, we analyzed the mechanism by which a lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) variant produces a generalized immune suppression in its natural host, the mouse. Whereas adult mice inoculated intravenously with LCMV Armstrong rapidly clear the infection and remain immunocompetent, inoculation with the Armstrong-derived LCMV variant clone 13, which differs from its parent virus at only two amino acid positions, by contrast results in persistent infection and a generalized deficit in responsiveness to subsequent immune challenge. Here we show that the immune suppression induced by LCMV clone 13 is associated with a CD8-dependent loss of interdigitating dendritic cells from periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths in the spleen and, functionally, with a deficit in the ability of splenocytes from infected mice to stimulate the proliferation of naive T cells in a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction. Dendritic cells are not depleted in immunocompetent Armstrong-infected mice. LCMV Armstrong and clone 13 exhibit differences in their tropism within the spleen, with clone 13 causing a higher level of infection of antigen-presenting cells in the white pulp, including periarterial interdigitating dendritic cells, than Armstrong, thereby rendering these cells targets for destruction by the antiviral CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response which is induced at early times following infection with either virus. Our findings illustrate the key role that virus tropism may play in determining pathogenicity and, further, document a mechanism for virus-induced immunosuppression which may contribute to the clinically important immune suppression associated with many virus infections, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Fiber-optic current and voltage sensors using a Bi<sub>12</sub>GeO<sub>20</sub>single crystal (1983)

By using Faraday and Pockels' effects of a Bi <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</inf> GeO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</inf> (BGO) single crystal, two kinds of fiber-optic sensors for electric current and voltage were tentatively fabricated. The optimum design of these sensors and their performances were investigated. It was verified that the BGO crystal is very available for either of the current and voltage sensors with regard to their sensitivity and stability. As for the experimental results, the minimum detectable magnetic field of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> Oe and the temperature dependence within ±2 percent in the temperature range of -25 to 85°C was obtained for the current sensor, while for the voltage sensor the sensitivity of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> V and the temperature dependence within ± 0.5 percent was in the same temperature range.
Coccoid &lt;i&gt;Helicobacter pylori&lt;/i&gt; Can Directly Adhere and Invade in Agminated Formation to Human Gastric Epithelial Cells (2012)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) can infect into the epithelial cell to cause benign or malignant disorders. Under stressful environment, a spiral form of H. pylori is transformed into a coccoid form. The infectivity of the coccoid form is still controversial. Since spiral forms are transformed into two types of coccoid forms via different mechanisms, the infectivity of the two types of coccoid forms into human gastric epithelial cell was examined. A laboratory and a clinical strain of H. pyloriv were cultured in liquid medium under different conditions to produce the two types of coccoid forms. These coccoid H. pylorisv were then co-cultured with human derived gastric epithelial cell, MKN-28. Adhesion and penetration of bacteria into MKN-28 cells were monitored by scanning-, standard transmission- and immunotransmission-electron microscopy (SEM, TEM and ITEM). We observed that both coccoid forms were able to adhere onto the surface of MKN-28 cells in agminated formation and also penetrated into the gastric epithelial cells besides the spiral form of H. pyloriv. Coccoid H. pylori is not a passive entity but can actively infect the human gastric epithelial cell.
Macro transmission power reduction for HetNet co-channel deployments (2012)

Enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (eICIC) techniques are targeted to improve the system and cell-edge throughput of Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) in LTE-Advanced systems. In order to protect pico UEs from the strong macro interference, the macro eNB can either stop data transmission or simply reduce the transmission power during certain subframes. In this paper, we investigate the impact of reducing the transmission power in LTE HetNets. We evaluate the tradeoff among macro transmission power, cell load and system and cell-edge throughput, with bursty and non-bursty traffic. Moreover, we address some of the technical and standardization challenges related to having a time-varying transmission power. Based on the results, we provide guidance on how to best configure the network to achieve the full potential of the eICIC concept in dynamically changing environments.