gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and .N2,N6-di(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-lysine formed by iron-deficient Azotobacter vinelandii (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and identification of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid and .N2,N6-di(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-lysine formed by iron-deficient Azotobacter vinelandiiJames L. Corbin and William A. BulenCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 3, 757–762Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00831a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00831a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Research on Methods for Improving Oil Recovery in Pennsylvania Oil Fields (1960)

Introduction It is now common knowledge in the industry that only about one third of the oil in known reservoirs will be recovered by present methods of production. Since 240 billion barrels of oil have been discovered and only 90 billion barrels are expected to be produced, the unrecovered oil in fields already discovered amounts to approximately 150 billion barrels. This tremendous quantity of oil is of great economic value and is the prize for those who devise new or improved methods for increasing recovery. One approach being used by many to obtain some of these reserves is the use of heat and "in-situ" combustion as a recovery scheme. Such methods are particularly adaptable to viscous crudes which apparently cannot be recovered by any other known scheme. A second and different approach is based on the fact that oil can be displaced completely by fluids miscible with it. Consequently, we are presently seeing great activity ill the-industry in the development and testing of a variety of miscible displacement schemes for increasing recovery. The most common of these which are now being field tested include high pressure gas displacement, condensing gas drive, and the LEG slug process. All of these methods require the use of pressure of the order of 1500 psi or higher. Unfortunately, most of the old Pennsylvania fields are shallow. The material in this paper describes some of the efforts of our laboratory to develop a type of miscible displacement which works at low pressures and so would be applicable to Pennsylvania oil fields. In particular, we have been working on the development of a relatively new modification of the miscible flood called the"Alcohol Slug Process." The work reported here describes this process, and discusses supporting studies which were performed to test or prove the validity of the laboratory work.
Scheduling on the Grid via multi-state resource availability prediction (2008)

To make the most effective application placement decisions on volatile large-scale heterogeneous Grids, schedulers must consider factors such as resource speed, load, and reliability. Including reliability requires availability predictors, which consider different periods of resource history, and use various strategies to make predictions about resource behavior. Prediction accuracy significantly affects the quality of the schedule, as does the method by which schedulers combine various factors, including the weight given to predicted availability, speed, load, and more. This paper explores the question of how to consider predicted availability to improve scheduling, concentrating on multi-state availability predictors. We propose and study several classes of schedulers, and a method for combining factors. We characterize the inherent tradeoff between application makespan and the number of evictions due to failure, and demonstrate how our schedulers can navigate this tradeoff under various scenarios. We vary application load and length, and the percentage of jobs that are checkpointable. Our results show that the only other multi-state prediction based scheduler causes up to 51% more evicted jobs while simultaneously increasing average job makespan by 18% when compared with our scheduler.
Properties of Cathodochromic Sodalite (1970)

Cathodochromic behavior of iron‐doped sodalites containing Br, I, or mixtures of halogens has been investigated in addition to that of chloride sodalite. Ultraviolet excitation of these materials produces an optically bleachable absorption band whose peak moves from 5250 to 6025Aå as the halogen composition is changed from Cl to I. Electron beam excitation produces nearly identical absorption, but exposures above a certain threshold produce, in addition to optically bleachable absorption, residual absorption that is insensitive to light. Residual absorption is at a minimum in iodide sodalite.
Initial tract formation in the mouse brain (1993)

Mouse embryos from embryonic days 8.5-10.5 (E8.5-E10.5) were fixed and labeled with an antibody to neuron-specific class III beta-tubulin (Moody et al., 1987; Lee et al., 1990a,b) to reveal the first neurons, axons, and tracts in the brain. They were studied in whole-mounts and in light microscopic sections. Some conclusions were checked by labeling tracts in older embryos (E11.5 and E12.5) with the lipophilic dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine. The first immunoreactive cells appeared at E8.5, prior to neural tube closure, in the neural plate immediately caudal to the optic vesicle. Cells along the dorsal midline of the mesencephalon issued the first axons, on E9.0; the cells were the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, and the axons formed its descending tract. The tract reached the level of the trigeminal ganglion by E10.0 but did not enter the ganglion until after E12.5. On E9.5, the number of labeled cells and axons in the alar plate of the presumptive diencephalon and mesencephalon had increased substantially, and many of the rostral ones coursed into the basal plate to enter longitudinal tracts there. Two tracts originated from cells in the basal plate: the tract of the postoptic commissure (from the base of the optic stalk to the level of the cephalic flexure) and the medial longitudinal fasciculus (from the level of the cephalic flexure caudally through the mid and hind-brains). By E10.0, a small mammillotegmental tract paralleled the tract of the postoptic commissure, but immunolabeling was so widespread that discrete tracts were impossible to discern in the presumptive diencephalon and mesencephalon. The more rostral regions remained lightly labeled. In the cerebral vesicle, the presumptive cerebral cortex, the first immunoreactive cells appeared at E10.0; they had multiple processes oriented parallel to the pia, and were identified as the Cajal-Retzius cells. By E10.5, no tracts had formed in the cerebral vesicle. All the tracts formed by E10.0 were superficial, in the subpial lamina. Those that can be identified in the adult brain are very deep structures. These results are compared with previous descriptions of the embryonic brains of amphibians, fish, birds, and other mammals, including humans.
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease (2005)

We investigated whether nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use was associated with a lower risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in a large cohort of US men and women. PD risk was lower among ibuprofen users than nonusers. Compared with nonusers, the relative risks were 0.73 for users of fewer than 2 tablets/week, 0.72 for 2 to 6.9 tablets/week, and 0.62 for 1 or more tablets/day (p trend = 0.03). No association was found between the use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or acetaminophen and PD risk. The results suggest that ibuprofen use may delay or prevent the onset of PD.
Word Ordering and Document Adjacency for Large Loop Closure Detection in 2-D Laser Maps (2017)

We address in this letter the problem of loop closure detection for laser-based simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of very large areas. Consistent with the state of the art, the map is encoded as a graph of poses, and to cope with very large mapping capabilities, loop closures are asserted by comparing the features extracted from a query laser scan against a previously acquired corpus of scan features using a bag-of-words (BoW) scheme. Two contributions are here presented. First, to benefit from the graph topology, feature frequency scores in the BoW are computed not only for each individual scan but also from neighboring scans in the SLAM graph. This has the effect of enforcing neighbor relational information during document matching. Second, a weak geometric check that takes into account feature ordering and occlusions is introduced that substantially improves loop closure detection performance. The two contributions are evaluated both separately and jointly on four common SLAM datasets and are shown to improve the state-of-the-art performance both in terms of precision and recall in most of the cases. Moreover, our current implementation is designed to work at nearly frame rate, allowing loop closure query resolution at nearly 22 Hz for the best case scenario and 2 Hz for the worst case scenario.
Stages in the development of intentional search by young infants. (1984)

Piaget maintained that intentional search is preceded by a phase of transitional search in which infants remove covers but do not show intention to find the hidden object. If there is such a transitional phase, reports of search by infants as young as 5 mo are difficult to evaluate because the type of search has not been identified. Two experiments examined changes in search behavior in 38 infants at age 6, 7, and 8 mo. Exp I revealed that the majority of Ss displayed transitional search before intentional search. Exp II showed that Ss' awareness of the hidden object developed gradually; early transitional search demonstrated minimal awareness, but later transitional search revealed knowledge of the hidden object. An account of search development is given that is in close agreement with Piaget's, and caution is advised in the interpretation of studies with young infants that fail to distinguish different types of search. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved).
Octopus arm movements under constrained conditions: adaptation, modification and plasticity of motor primitives (2015)

The motor control of the eight highly flexible arms of the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) has been the focus of several recent studies. Our study is the first to manage to introduce a physical constraint to an octopus arm and investigate the adaptability of stereotypical bend propagation in reaching movements and the pseudo-limb articulation during fetching. Subjects (N=6) were placed inside a transparent Perspex box with a hole at the center that allowed the insertion of a single arm. Animals had to reach out through the hole toward a target, to retrieve a food reward and fetch it. All subjects successfully adjusted their movements to the constraint without an adaptation phase. During reaching tasks, the animals showed two movement strategies: stereotypical bend propagation reachings, which were established at the hole of the Perspex box and variant waving-like movements that showed no bend propagations. During fetching movements, no complete pseudo-joint fetching was observed outside the box and subjects pulled their arms through the hole in a pull-in like movement. Our findings show that there is some flexibility in the octopus motor system to adapt to a novel situation. However, at present, it seems that these changes are more an effect of random choices between different alternative motor programs, without showing clear learning effects in the choice between the alternatives. Interestingly, animals were able to adapt the fetching movements to the physical constraint, or as an alternative explanation, they could switch the motor primitive fetching to a different motor primitive 'arm pulling'.
The growth of organized medicine in the United States. (1952)

The American Medical Association was organized in 1847. Its original aim was the improvement of medical education in the United States. This still remains one of its important activities but the Association has expanded tremendously since its formation. It now consists of 2,011 component county and district societies and 53 constituent associations in the States, Territories and Possessions. County and district societies elect delegates to the state associations and the whole membership of these county societies takes part in their election. These delegates form a State House of Delegates which in turn elects delegates to the American Medical Association. The A.M.A. House of Delegates is the legislative body of the Association and is responsible for all official policies. All reports, resolutions and recommendations are referred by the House to several Reference Committees who hear testimony on both sides of every question and then render reports to the House. Here all reports are debated again and brought to a vote. Any member of the Association, whether or not a member of the House, can appear before a Reference Committee and state his opinions and recommendations on the matter under discussion. Between sessions of the House of Delegates, the Board of Trustees is the governing body.
Blockade of AP1 Transactivation Abrogates the Abnormal Expression of Breast Cancer-specific Gene 1 in Breast Cancer Cells (2002)

Breast cancer-specific gene 1 (BCSG1) is not expressed in normal breast tissue but is highly expressed in the vast majority of invasive and metastatic breast carcinomas. When over-expressed, BCSG1 significantly stimulates the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. The accumulated evidence suggests that the aberrant expression of BCSG1 in breast carcinomas is caused by transcriptional activation of the BCSG1 gene. However, the transcription factors that activate BCSG1 transcription have not been identified. In this study, we extensively investigated the role of AP1 in BCSG1 expression in breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that there are two closely located AP1 binding sites residing in the first intron of the BCSG1 gene. Mutation of either AP1 motif on the BCSG1 promoter constructs markedly reduces the promoter activity. We further show that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) increases BCSG1 mRNA expression and up-regulates BCSG1 promoter activity through the intronic AP1 sites. The effect of TPA on BCSG1 transcription is also demonstrated under in vivo conditions in intact cells by using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays that show the TPA-induced binding of c-Jun to the chromatin region encompassing the intronic AP1 sites. Finally, to examine the direct effect of AP1 transactivation on BCSG1 expression, we established stable cell lines of T47D that express the dominant negative mutant of c-Jun, TAM67. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated that levels of BCSG1 mRNA and protein in TAM67 transfectants were drastically reduced as compared with mock-transfected cells. Furthermore, inhibition of BCSG1 expression by blocking AP1 transactivation produced a similar repressive effect on cell growth as that by expressing BCSG1 antisense mRNA. We show that the anchorage-independent growth of T47D cells expressing either TAM67 or BCSG1 antisense mRNA is significantly inhibited. Taken together, we provide strong evidence that AP1 plays an overriding role in the transcription of the BCSG1 gene and that blockade of AP1 transactivation down-regulates BCSG1 expression and suppresses tumor phenotype.
The Christian Origin of Science (2001)

VIEWED IN THE WIDEST HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE, the explosive development of science in seventeenth-century Europe is one of the most astonishing events in the whole of human history. It makes our civilization unlike any other. For the first time people all over the world are joined together by rapid communications, easy travel, and extensive trade. Why did this understanding of the detailed structure of the world that we call science develop and come to maturity just when and where it did? This is a question that can lead us to the heart of the relation between science and the Christian basis of our civilization.
Severity of <i>E. coli</i> mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors (2003)

Intramammary infections of dairy cows with Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (major cause of mastitis) have received a lot of attention because of their major economic impact on the dairy farm through production losses induced by an increase in somatic cell count. Management strategies, including greater awareness for efficient milking and hygienic measures, have limited the spread of Gram-positive bacteria and resulted in a significant decrease of proportion of S. aureus isolates and subclinical mastitis worldwide. Other organisms such as coliform subspecies and Streptococcus uberis, both environmental bacteria that cause clinical mastitis, have received less attention. Escherichia coli causes inflammation of the mammary gland in dairy cows around parturition and during early lactation with striking local and sometimes severe systemic clinical symptoms. This disease affects many high producing cows in dairy herds and may cause several cases of death per year in the most severe cases. It is well known that bacterial, cow and environmental factors are interdependent and influence mastitis susceptibility. Many studies, executed during the last decade, indicate that the severity of E. coli mastitis is mainly determined by cow factors rather than by E. coli pathogenicity. During E. coli mastitis, the host defense status is a cardinal factor determining the outcome of the disease. Today, we know that the neutrophil is a key factor in the cows' defense against intramammary infection with E. coli. Effective elimination of the pathogen by neutrophils is important for the resolution of infection and the outcome of E. coli mastitis. This review is a compilation of some major findings over the last 15 years concerning mainly host factors that modulate and influence neutrophil function and the mammary inflammatory reaction. The individual chapters address: virulence factors of E. coli strains, how neutrophils kill E. coli, connection between endotoxins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide, severity classification of E. coli mastitis, lifespan of neutrophils, host factors that influence severity, tissue damage and production loss.
Modes of crossed rectangular waveguide (1976)

The cutoff frequencies and modal fields of dually polarized crossed rectangular waveguide are calculated numerically and the cutoff frequencies verified experimentally. Symmetry arguments and group theory are used to explain mode degeneracies and mode splitting. The single mode bandwidth is 38 percent of center frequency for both polarizations when the guide dimensions are chosen appropriately. For applications where symmetric excitation is assured, bandwidths in excess of 2:1 can be obtained.
Effect of Concentration of KCl, Magnesium Acetate and Spermine on the Ratio of α to β Globin Chains Synthesized (1977)

The effect of concentration of KCl, magnesium acetate (MgAc) and spermine on the translation of rabbit globin mRNAs was studied by using the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system. Globin synthesis was studied by using L[U-14C]leucine or L-f[35S]Met-tRNAfMet The optimum concentrations of MgAc and KCl were 1.4–2.5 m and 70 mM respectively. Spermine stimulated rabbit globin synthesis at relatively low concentrations of MgAc, but inhibited it at relatively high concentrations of MgAc. High α/β synthetic ratios were observed at low concentrations of KCl and MgAc, but low α/β synthetic ratios were observed at high concentrations of KCl and MgAc. Spermine decreased the α/β synthetic ratios at relatively low concentrations of MgAc. Nascent chains labelled with f[35S] were released at various concentrations of KCl, MgAc, and spermine in the lysate system. Release of the nascent chains was inhibited at low concentrations of KCl, but almost 90% of the nascent chains were released at 70–120 m KCl. The release of the nascent chains was maximum around optimum concentrations of MgAc, but inhibited at other concentrations. Spermine stimulated the release of the nascent chains. The analyses of the released chains showed that the ratio of f[35S]Met-α to f[35S]Met-β globin chains was almost constant at various concentrations of KCl, MgAc, and spermine. Nascent chains were labelled with f[35S]Met at various concentrations of KCl, MgAc, and spermine. The labelled nascent chains were released in the incubation mixture under the optimum conditions. The analyses of the released chains showed that the ratio of f[35S]Met-α to f[35S]Met-β was similar to the α/β synthetic ratios obtained at various concentrations of KCl, MgAc, and spermine. The data presented above suggest that changes in the α/β synthetic ratio with added KCl, MgAc, and spermine were due to changes in the rates of the translational initiation of α and β globin mRNAs.
Virtualization of Residential Gateways (2007)

The Residential Gateway (RGW) is a key infrastructure component in home networks. Nowadays, the Open Service Gateway Initiative (OSGi) seems to be the only platform alternative supporting hot-plug of services and an easy way to deploy new ones which are capable to integrate heterogeneous devices into a common platform. But this platform can be managed by only one manager in a secure way, and this is limiting possible business models. The problem can be solved virtualizing the OSGi platform in such way that service providers can manage the RGW, and have full control over the services that they have installed, without conflicting with other service providers. This paper presents a general architecture for the virtualization of OSGi platforms that are running in a RGW.
Ammianea (1956)

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Microinjection molding of thermoplastic polymers: a review (2007)

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