gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review. Molecular background of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. (2007)

The survival data of patients with ductal pancreatic adenocarcinoma are rather poor, partly because the disease is frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage, partly because it is characterized by a chemoresistant phenotype. Even first-line chemotherapeutic drugs result in a modest objective response. This drug resistance is attributed to many different, unrelated mechanisms, including abnormal membrane receptor transport, ineffective metabolic drug conversion or enhanced metabolite inactivation, increased DNA repair and alterations in the apoptotic pathways. The role of NF-kappaB, cyclin D1 and stromal factors is also emphasized by many groups. The involvement of the ABC-transporters is not a universal feature, their alterations are important only in the resistance against specific cytostatics. Although several well-known molecular mechanisms have been elucidated, our understanding of drug insensitivity is still fragmentary, especially because recent microarray studies revealed that hundreds of genes are up- or down-regulated in resistant tumor cells, but their exact significance is still unclear. The reversal of the drug resistance is an area of intensive investigation, but to date, the compounds investigated are effective mainly in experimental systems and prospective studies are needed to validate their clinical applicability.
New 3D-vision Sensor for Shape Measurement Applications (1990)

In this paper we describe a new 3D-vision sensor developed in cooperation with the Technical Research Centre of Finland, the University of Oulu, and Prometrics Oy Co. The sensor is especially intended for the non-contact measurement of the shapes and dimensions of large industrial objects. It consists of a pulsed time-of-flight laser rangefinder, a target point detection system, a mechanical scanner, and a PC-based computer system. Our 3D-sensor has two operational modes: one for range image acquisition and the other for the search and measurement of single coordinate points. In the range image mode a scene is scanned and a 3D-image of the desired size is obtained. In the single point mode the sensor automatically searches for cooperative target points on the surface of an object and measures their 3D-coordinates. This mode can be used, e.g. for checking the dimensions of objects and for calibration. The results of preliminary performance tests are presented in the paper.
Genotyping of Genetically Monomorphic Bacteria: DNA Sequencing in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Highlights the Limitations of Current Methodologies (2009)

Because genetically monomorphic bacterial pathogens harbour little DNA sequence diversity, most current genotyping techniques used to study the epidemiology of these organisms are based on mobile or repetitive genetic elements. Molecular markers commonly used in these bacteria include Clustered Regulatory Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) and Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR). These methods are also increasingly being applied to phylogenetic and population genetic studies. Using the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) as a model, we evaluated the phylogenetic accuracy of CRISPR- and VNTR-based genotyping, which in MTBC are known as spoligotyping and Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Units (MIRU)-VNTR-typing, respectively. We used as a gold standard the complete DNA sequences of 89 coding genes from a global strain collection. Our results showed that phylogenetic trees derived from these multilocus sequence data were highly congruent and statistically robust, irrespective of the phylogenetic methods used. By contrast, corresponding phylogenies inferred from spoligotyping or 15-loci-MIRU-VNTR were incongruent with respect to the sequence-based trees. Although 24-loci-MIRU-VNTR performed better, it was still unable to detect all strain lineages. The DNA sequence data showed virtually no homoplasy, but the opposite was true for spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR, which was consistent with high rates of convergent evolution and the low statistical support obtained for phylogenetic groupings defined by these markers. Our results also revealed that the discriminatory power of the standard 24 MIRU-VNTR loci varied by strain lineage. Taken together, our findings suggest strain lineages in MTBC should be defined based on phylogenetically robust markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms or large sequence polymorphisms, and that for epidemiological purposes, MIRU-VNTR loci should be used in a lineage-dependent manner. Our findings have implications for strain typing in other genetically monomorphic bacteria.
Lipid peroxidation and vitamin E status in gestational diabetes mellitus (2003)

Gestational diabetes is not associated with increased levels of lipid peroxides and decreased levels of alpha-tocopherol.
High-Speed Monitoring of Multiple Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Array Configurations (2015)

Three grid-connected monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic arrays have been instrumented with research-grade sensors on the Maryland campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).These arrays range from 73 kW to 271 kW and are of different tilts, orientations, and configurations.Irradiance, temperature, wind, and electrical measurements at the arrays are recorded, and images are taken of the arrays to monitor any shading or anomalies.Nearly all measurements are sampled and saved every 1 second, with monitoring having started August 1, 2014.This report describes the instrumentation approach to capture the performance of these photovoltaic systems for use in computer model validation or performance monitoring.
Can central venous blood replace mixed venous blood samples? (1982)

To estimate the value of central venous blood as representative of real changes in pulmonary shunt (Qsp/Qt), mixed venous oxygen saturation and arteriovenous oxygen content difference [C(a-v)O2] during active phases of adult intensive care therapy, 86 blood samples were withdrawn from 42 patients as quadruple simultaneous collections from systemic artery, pulmonary artery (PA), superior caval vein (CV) and right atrium (RA). We found a significant positive correlation of the measured variables and especially of the subsequent changes of these variables in individual patients between PA blood samples and both CV and RA blood samples (p less than 0.001). We, therefore, conclude that a central venous catheter can replace the PA catheter to collect blood representative of mixed venous blood samples for the above purposes. However, the exact numerical value of mixed venous blood samples can only be measured from blood collected from the PA itself.
Antimicrobial potentials of Diospyros mespiliformis (Ebenaceae). (1996)

The petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, and water extracts of the leaves, stem bark, and root of Diospyros mespiliformis were studied for their antimicrobial activities. The crude extracts showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activities against 9 Gram-positive bacteria, 8 Gram-negative bacteria, and 6 fungal strains. Of the four extracting solvents, chloroform produced extracts with the best antimicrobial activities, while the chloroform extract of the root exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity. Some tetracycline resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and gentamicin resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were sensitive to some of the extracts tested. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of the following metabolites: anthraquinones, tannins, triterpene, saponins, steroids, and sugars and the absence of alkaloids. The antimicrobial activities observed are discussed in relation to the chemical constituents reportedly isolated from several species of this plant and their traditional uses.
Continuous Flow Enzyme-Catalyzed Polymerization in a Microreactor (2011)

Enzymes immobilized on solid supports are increasingly used for greener, more sustainable chemical transformation processes. Here, we used microreactors to study enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to polycaprolactone. A novel microreactor design enabled us to perform these heterogeneous reactions in continuous mode, in organic media, and at elevated temperatures. Using microreactors, we achieved faster polymerization and higher molecular mass compared to using batch reactors. While this study focused on polymerization reactions, it is evident that similar microreactor based platforms can readily be extended to other enzyme-based systems, for example, high-throughput screening of new enzymes and to precision measurements of new processes where continuous flow mode is preferred. This is the first reported demonstration of a solid supported enzyme-catalyzed polymerization reaction in continuous mode.
Ethanol-induced alterations in lymphocyte function in the guinea pig. (1984)

Infections and chronic liver injury are common causes of morbidity and mortality in alcoholics, and both of these may be related to an altered immune response. This study describes a guinea pig model of chronic ethanolism designed to selectively study the cellular immune system in a setting free from the malnutrition, socioeconomic deprivation, and severe underlying hepatic dysfunction seen in human disease. Animals were given 2.5 g/kg/day of ethanol as a 15% solution in 0.9% NaCl or isocaloric-dextrose-saline control solution intraperitoneally in 2 divided doses for 5 weeks. At 2 weeks, the mean serum ethanol level 1 hr after treatment was 20.4 mM (range 8.9-30.6) while the mean serum acetaldehyde level was 55.1 microM (range 17.0-111). At 5 weeks the serum levels for ethanol and acetaldehyde were 20.1 mM (13.3-32.9) and 41.5 microM (2.4-87.6), respectively. Weight gain was persistent throughout the study and did not differ significantly between ethanol and control groups. After 5 weeks of treatment, lymphocyte response to the mitogens, phytohemagglutinin, and concanavalin A was significantly decreased in the ethanol treated group (p less than 0.05). Response to the specific antigen, picrylated human serum albumin, T & B cell per cent and number, skin test reactivity, peripheral white blood cell count, total lymphocyte count, and migration inhibitory factor production were not significantly altered by 5 weeks of ethanol treatment. Therefore, in a controlled animal model of chronic ethanolism, we observed a significant depression of lymphocyte blastogenic response which may, in part, explain the increased propensity to infection by intracellular pathogens seen in alcoholics.
Scalable packet classification using hybrid and dynamic cuttings (2013)

Network packet classification is an important functionality provided by modern Internet routers for enabling many network applications such as quality of service, security and differentiated services. Decision-tree based schemes are the most well-known algorithmic solutions for packet classification. But most of them, such as HiCuts and HyperCuts, suffer from memory explosion problem due to uncontrolled rule replications. EffiCuts, a state-of-the-art decision-tree technique, was proposed to reduce memory consumption at the cost of excessive memory accesses. Therefore, these decision-tree based approaches are either memory or performance inefficient, falling short of the needs of high-speed networks. In this paper, we propose HD-Cuts, a scalable decision-tree based packet classification using hybrid and dynamic cuttings to improve storage and performance simultaneously. Using ClassBench, we show that HD-Cuts achieves similarly excellent memory reduction as EffiCuts, but the performance of HD-Cuts is significantly better than EffiCuts in terms of memory accesses. In addition, HD-Cuts is more practical for implementation than EffiCuts.
Parallel Deep Neural Networks Have Zero Duality Gap (2021)

Training deep neural networks is a challenging non-convex optimization problem. Recent work has proven that the strong duality holds (which means zero duality gap) for regularized finite-width two-layer ReLU networks and consequently provided an equivalent convex training problem. However, extending this result to deeper networks remains to be an open problem. In this paper, we prove that the duality gap for deeper linear networks with vector outputs is non-zero. In contrast, we show that the zero duality gap can be obtained by stacking standard deep networks in parallel, which we call a parallel architecture, and modifying the regularization. Therefore, we prove the strong duality and existence of equivalent convex problems that enable globally optimal training of deep networks. As a by-product of our analysis, we demonstrate that the weight decay regularization on the network parameters explicitly encourages low-rank solutions via closed-form expressions. In addition, we show that strong duality holds for three-layer standard ReLU networks given rank-1 data matrices.
diabetes mellitus in outpatients - a cross-sectional hospital based survey in urban China (2010)

Background: Chronic complications are the major outcome of type 2 diabetes mellitus progress, which reduce the quality of life of patients, incur heavy burdens to the health care system, and increase diabetic mortality. The aims of this study were to describe the prevalence of chronic complications among urban Chinese type 2 diabetic outpatients; and to analyze the associations between chronic complications and patients' demographics, diabetic related clinical characteristics. Methods: This cross-sectional hospital-based study was carried out in 4 major Chinese cities: - Shanghai, Chengdu, Beijing and Guangzhou. The survey was conducted from March to July in 2007 among 1,524 type 2 diabetic outpatients. The subjects were interviewed face-to-face by trained interviewers using a questionnaire to capture information on demographics, disease presentations and complications. All the subjects were invited to have a HbA1c test free of charge by the standardized method with Bio-Rad Variant II. Results: Of the 1,524 study subjects, 637 (41.8%) were male, and the mean age was 63.3 ± 10.2 years. At least one chronic complication was diagnosed in 792 individuals (52.0%) of the study subjects; 509 (33.4%) presented with macrovascular complications and 528 (34.7%) with microvascular complications. The prevalence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular conditions, neuropathy, nephropathy, ocular lesions and foot disease were 30.1%, 6.8%, 17.8%, 10.7%, 14.8% and 0.8%, respectively. The prevalence of chronic complications varied between cities, and significantly increased with age and duration of diagnosed diabetes. The mean of HbA1c in diabetic patients with chronic complications was 8.2% ± 1.6% and 63.0% of the subjects with type 2 diabetes related complications had a poor glycemic control with the HbA1c > 7.5%. Conclusions: Chronic complications are highly prevalent among type 2 diabetic outpatients, the glycemic control of diabetic patients with chronic complications was poor, and future efforts should be directed at intensive blood glucose control, strengthening early diagnosis and improving case management to prevent and minimize the occurrence of complications.
Design methodology for IP providers (1999)

Based on their experience in the IP business including a large library of DesignObjects TM (Virtual Components) and lots of design-ins world-wide, SICAN has developed a design methodology for production of Virtual Components. This methodology includes appropriate design-flows for the IP-development as well as prerequisites and methods for successful application in customers' projects. This production flow will be completed by approaches for evaluation.
Complexity reduction method for overlapped block motion compensation based on spatio-temporal correlation (2003)

Owing to the dependency between the motion vectors of spatially neighboring blocks for overlapped block motion compensation (OBMC), the optimization of the motion vectors requires iterative search. The computational cost, stemming from optimizing the motion vectors, is one of the major obstacles for practical applications. In the proposed algorithm, the iterative motion search is applied only to the selected blocks to alleviate the computational complexity. To choose these blocks properly, we present an adaptive and robust classification method by exploiting the spatio-temporal correlation of neighboring blocks, i.e., variation of pel intensity continuity of motion field, and monotony of error surface. The proposed algorithm reduces the computational load by at least 55% and up to 80%, while retaining the PSNR performance comparable with the conventional OBMC algorithm.
ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND NEW DEMANDS FOR RETAIL FOOD STORES (2000)

The “currency ” of the next millennium is information. Competitive advantage hinges on harnessing it and&gt;guring out how to use it. (Rapp, 1998) If information is the currency, then elec-tronic technology-the hardware and software that allows high-speed information transfer be-tween fnms or divisions of the same firm-is the banking system. It stores, creates, transfers, and destroys the currency called information. The rapid adoptioz even infitsio ~ of electronic tech-nology allows organizations to consolidate man-agement fimctions. Decision-makers who are geographically dispersed can increase their span of control and coordinate their activities in real time. From a single keyboard, prices can be set for a variety of retail stores and/or individual products that meet the sales objectives of indi-vidual stores and of the overall company. Eve-rything from floor plans, to work schedules, to delivery routes can be supported from a central computer. For the most part, the biggest advantage of this type of consolidation is the ability to save costs—labor costs, redundant capacity costs, ex-cess inventory costs. By coordinating the ordering of supplies and services, fms acquire bargaining power in purchase negotiations. Buyers can achieve lower purchase prices, higher-quality products, and better service born their vendors. This ability and strategy has led to the belief that power in the retail supply chain has shified from manufacturers and national brands to retailers. Electronic and information technology not only allows consolidation%it demands consolida-tion. In order to take advantage of the power of information technologies and to realize the economies of size and scope that become avail-able once one has invested in the appropriate hardware, software, and human capital, horizontal and vertical integrations are inevitable. Electronic technology demands bigger institutions, better JeanKinseyis professorand director,TheRetailFood In-
Equivalent transformation error analysis for monostatic-bistatic SAR echo (2011)

Due to stealth, counter reconnaissance and other advantages, more attention has been focused on bistatic SAR. Echo distance course of bistatic SAR is more complicated than monostatic SAR, so as to increase the difficulty of educing the three imaging factors in Chirp Scaling algorithm of bistatic SAR with large computation. This paper analyzes the error caused by the situation of transitional invariant mode and transitional variant mode of bistatic SAR.
Effect of Soybean, Feather and Hair Meal Protein on Dry Matter, Energy and Nitrogen Utilization by Growing Steers (1980)

The effect of soybean meal, feather meal and hair meal on dry matter (DM), energy and nitrogen (N) utilization by growing steers was evaluated in three metabolism studies. Feather meal (FM) and hair meal (HM) protein were substituted for 25, 50 and 75% (Exp. 1, 2 and 3, respectively) of the soybean meal (SBM) protein in pelleted protein supplements and fed in whole-shelled, corn-ground corncob complete mixed diets. Rumen and blood samples were collected at the end of each study to compare the effect of each protein source on rumen ammonia and plasma urea nitrogen concentrations. There were no significant differences (P>.05) in DM digestibility or digestible energy (DE) values in any of the experiments. Steers receiving FM of HM protein in Exp. 1 and 3 excreted significantly (P<.05) more fecal N than did steers receiving SBM. Significant differences (P<.05) were observed in urinary N excretion values in all three experiments. Apparent N digestibilities were significantly lower (P<.05) for FM- and HM-fed steers in Exp. 3. Feather meal (Exp. 1) and HM (Exp. 1 and 3) resulted in significantly more absorbed N retention than did SBM. Expression of the N balance data on a metabolic weight basis resulted in significantly less (P<.05) urinary N excretion and significantly higher (P<.05) fecal and retained N values for steers fed FM or HM. Rumen ammonia concentrations were significantly higher for steers fed SBM at 1, 2, 4 and 6 hr postfeeding in Exp. 1 and 3. Plasma urea N values were higher at all sampling times in steers fed SBM, although these differences were not significant (P>.05) in any of the experiments.
Fractional Isolation and Structural Characterization of Lignins from Oil Palm Trunk and Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers (1999)

Abstract The lignins from dewaxed oil palm trunk and empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers were fractionated into 95% ethanol soluble, cold and hot water soluble, and 1% NaOH soluble lignins, respectively. The chemical and structural composition of the lignin preparations was determined by using UV, GPC, FT-IR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and nitrobenzene oxidation. The alkali soluble and 95% ethanol soluble lignin fractions were found to contain low amounts of chemically linked polysaccharides, 2.9-3.9% and 7.5-8.0%, respectively, while the water soluble lignin fractions showed significant amounts of bound polysaccharides (16.2-23.3%). All of the lignin fractions contained a high proportion of non-condensed syringyl units, together with small amounts of non-condensed guaiacyl and fewer p-hydroxyphenyl units. The lignin from oil palm EFB fiber contained a significant amount of esterified p-hydroxybenzoic acid and a minor quantity of esterified glucuronic acid. Trace of ferulic acids was both esterified and etherified to lignin side chains in the EFB fiber cell walls.
HIERARCHICAL POSE ESTIMATION FROM RANGE DATA FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS (2003)

An emerging application for computer vision systems is satellite servicing, involving pose estimation and tracking. Trackers are available but they often require initialization, considerably reducing autonomy. This thesis presents a new hierarchical pose estimation technique based on view-based analysis. The method can handle very sparse range data, is computationally efficient, is robust to noise, and can handle virtually any type of range data. It partitions the problem into two halves, one dealing with estimation of the translation and the other with the orientation. This greatly reduces the complexity of the overall problem without compromising the accuracy of the solution. The resulting algorithm is able to determine pose to within a prescribed accuracy, and from any vantage point within the sensor field of view, at minimal computational complexity for large variations in image noise. Results showing the performance of the system on a prototype space vision system are presented.