gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular alterations in the rabbit patellar tendon after surgical incision (2001)

Open incision of the patellar tendon (PT) is thought to promote acute vascular responses which ultimately result in an enhanced degree of tendon repair. Such a clinical procedure is commonly applied to patients with refractory tendinitis. The objective of this study was to quantify the vascular adaptations (both anatomical and physiological) to longitudinal incision of the PT, and the resultant effects on tendon organisation. Fifty-four New Zealand White rabbits were separated into 3 experimental groups and 2 control groups. Experimental groups underwent surgical incision of the right PT, and were assessed 3 d, 10 d and 42 d following injury; normal unoperated controls were evaluated at time zero, and sham-operated controls were evaluated at 3 d to control for the effects of incising the overlying skin. Quantitative measures of PT blood supply (blood flow, microvascular volume) and geometric properties of PT substance were obtained for each PT. Histomorphology was assessed to evaluate vascular remodelling and matrix organisation in the healing PT. Longitudinal open incision surgery of the PT led to rapid increases in both blood flow and vascular volume. The incision of overlying tissues alone (sham-operated) contributed to this measurable increase, and accounted for 36% and 42% of the elevated blood flow and vascular volume respectively at the 3 d interval. In the incised PT, blood flow significantly increased by 3 d compared with both time zero and sham-operated controls, and remained significantly elevated at the 10 d interval. Similarly, vascular volume of the incised PT increased at 3 d compared both with time zero and sham-operated controls. At the 10 d interval, the increase in vascular volume was greatest in the central PT substance. By 42 d both blood flow and vascular volume of the incised tendon had diminished, with only blood flow remaining significantly different from controls. In the contralateral limb, a significant neurogenically mediated vasodilation was measured in the contralateral PTs at both early time intervals, but was not seen by the later 42 d interval. With respect to PT geometric properties in the experimental animals, a larger PT results as the tendon matrix and blood vessels remodel. PT cross-sectional area increased rapidly by 3 d to 1.3 times control values, and remained significantly elevated at 42 d postinjury. Morphological assessments demonstrated the disruption of matrix organisation by vascular and soft tissue components associated with the longitudinal incisions. Substantial changes in matrix organisation persisted at 42 d after surgery. These findings suggest that open longitudinal incision of the PT increases the vascular supply to deep tendon early after injury. These changes probably arise through both vasomotor and angiogenic activity in the tissue. Since PT blood flow and vascular volume return towards control levels after 6 wk but structural features remain disorganised, we propose that vascular remodelling is more rapid and complete than matrix remodelling after surgical incision of the PT.
Methyl 3-O-Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethyl 3-O-Methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and Derivatives1Roger W. Jeanloz and Marcel GutCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 22, 5793–5794Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01651a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01651a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Imaging detectors for 20–100 keV x-ray backlighters in high-energy-density experimental science petawatt experiments (2004)

We are developing a petawatt laser for use as a high-energy backlighter source in the 20–100 keV range on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). High-energy x-ray backlighters will be essential for radiographing high-energy-density experimental science (HEDES) targets, especially to probe implosions and high areal density planar samples. For these high energy backlighter imaging experiments, we are developing two types of detectors: a columnar grown CsI scintillator coupled to a 2 K×2 K charge-coupled device camera, and a CdTe crystal with special application specific integrated circuit readout electronics in a 508×512 format array. We characterized these sensors using Cd109 and Am241 radioactive isotopes. In addition, we employed them to measure the Sm Kα source size generated by the short pulse laser, JanUSP, at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The CsI camera performed well, allowing a measurement of the Sm Kα source size. Calibration of this camera has shown that it has low noise and good resolution. The new CdTe camera performed well, however the noise level was too high for single photon counting. Some modifications to the camera will also be necessary in order to meet the needs of future hard x-ray experiments. Both cameras showed considerable promise as diagnostic tools for future high-energy x-ray backlighters for NIF HEDES experiments. This article will present the results of our characterizations of these detectors, and initial results from the JanUSP experiments.
Results of adjuvant radiation therapy in cancer of the rectum. Thomas Jefferson university hospital experience (1985)

From 1972 to 1981, 174 patients with cancer of the rectum surgically staged as B2 or C disease, underwent surgical resection of the tumors for cure. Eighty-eight patients received surgery only with no further adjuvant therapy, and the remaining 86 patients were treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. Twenty-nine patients received low-dose preoperative radiation (500 rad in one fraction); 26 patients received postoperative radiation (4500 rad in 5 weeks); and 31 patients received combined low-dose preoperative radiation (500 rad) and postoperative radiation (4500 rad in 5 weeks). This experience was analyzed to determine the patterns of failure and the impact of adjuvant therapy on survival. Patients undergoing surgery alone had a 26% incidence of local failure in the pelvis and a 57% incidence of distant metastasis. Patients receiving low-dose preoperative radiation had a reduction in the rate of distant metastasis (24%), but no effect on local failure (34%). On the other hand, patients receiving postoperative radiation had a reduction in the local failure rate (11%), with no effect on distant metastasis (50%). Patients who received the combined preoperative and postoperative treatment had a reduction in both the local recurrence rate (7%), and the rate of distant metastasis (13%), and these patients also had a substantial improvement in survival over surgery alone. Survival of patients undergoing surgery alone was 34% at 5 years and was not substantially different for patients undergoing low-dose preoperative irradiation (48%), or for patients receiving postoperative irradiation (29%). Survival in patients receiving combined preoperative and postoperative irradiation was substantially better (78%) than the other groups of patients.
1.47–1.49-μm InGaAsP/InP diode laser arrays (2003)

Continuous-wave power of 25 W at 1.47-μm was obtained from a 20-element, 1-cm-wide, one-dimensional diode laser array mounted in a microchannel water-cooled heat sink. The coolant temperature was 16 °C. A two-dimensional array comprising four laser bars achieved a quasi-cw output of 110 W at a wavelength of 1.49 μm, with an 8–9-nm full width at half-maximum spectrum width. The coolant temperature was 18 °C. We developed a theoretical model that describes array heating. Thermal resistances of 0.56, 0.4, and 0.34 K/W were experimentally and theoretically determined for arrays with fill factors of 10%, 20%, and 40%, respectively.
Functional modulation of expanded CD8+ synovial fluid T cells by NK cell receptor expression in HLA‐B27‐associated reactive arthritis (2002)

The aim of this study was to determine whether NK cell receptor (NKR) expression could modulate cytotoxicity of oligoclonal CD8+ T cells present in the synovial fluid (SF) of HLA-B27-reactive arthritis (ReA) patients, especially in a TCRBV1 population shared among different patients and cytotoxic toward HLA-B27. A CD8+ T cell line, two TCRBV1 lines and clones were isolated from the SF of an HLA-B27+ ReA patient, and tested with mAb specific for Ig-like (KIR2DL1, KIR2DL2, KIR3DL1 and ILT2) and CD94 C-type lectin NKR. Transcripts for NKG2 subunits (NKG2A-2E) associated with CD94 were also evaluated. Function was tested in a 51Cr-release cytotoxic assay. We found stable but distinct levels of CD94/NKG2 complexes at the surface of T cell lines and clones. Different NKG2 members could be associated with CD94, either inhibitory (NKG2A/B) or activating (NKG2C). The inhibitory ILT2 receptor could also be differently expressed, but other Ig-like NKR were negative. Functionally, one TCRBV1 line and clones with a high CD94/NKG2A expression did not lyse B27+ targets. Another TCRBV1 line with the same TCRBV1 rearrangement had a low expression of CD94/NKG2A, but expressed NKG2C transcripts and was cytotoxic toward HLA-B27. HLA-B27 is a ligand for ILT2 and we observed an inhibitory effect of ILT2 engagement on B*2705 targets in blockade experiments. Altogether, these data indicate a high degree of heterogeneity in the expression of NKR by intrasynovial CD8+ T cells which could modulate their cytotoxicity and play a role in the control of this HLA class I-associated autoimmune disease.
Angiogenesis, wound repair and skin inflammation (2000)

This session, held on Tuesday evening, Nov. 3, 1998, included in its first half an eclectic mix of reports describing aspects of the biology of angiogenic ligands/receptors in vitro and in vivo. In the second half of the session, reports focused upon human or models of human psoriasis and molecules that may contribute to this skin disease. The first report entitled “Quantitation of Ang-1 and -2 mRNA in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts by TagmanTM quantitative PCR” by Scott et al., described a differential effect of pro-inflammatory cytokines/growth factors on the levels of Ang-1, -2 produced by RA synovial fibroblasts. The ability of TGFB and TNFα to upregulate Ang- 1 but not -2 mRNA levels suggests a role for this Tie-2 ligand in rheumatoid arthritis. The second report entitled “Stimulation of Tie-2 receptors activates signal transduction through Grb2 and SH-PTP in HuUVECS and stimulates angiogenesis in vivo” by Hansbury et al. describes the use of agonist high affinity mAbs to Tie-2 receptor to assess signaling pathways regulated by this receptor. Data show that the mAb promoted receptor phosphorylation and also co-association of the adaptor protein Grb2 as well as SH-PTP as assessed by immunoprecipitation assays. Further, the antibody promoted angiogenesis in mice, indicating a role for the Tie-2 receptor and the above signaling molecules in angiogenesis. The third report entitled “Pharmacological modulation of VEGF expression induced by hypoxia and IL-11β.” by Jackson et al. described investigations of the signaling pathways that control VEGF expression, an important angiogenic factor, by hypoxia and by IL-11β. Interestingly, expression does not appear to be regulated by common acute signaling pathways including the various map kinase cascades, or PI-3 kinase, suggesting that novel pathways may be involved in control of this important growth factor.
New passive all-optical semiconductor device for bit-1 level noise reduction (2007)

This paper proposes and demonstrates a new configuration of SA-based microcavity that can achieve the required bit-1 level stabilisation. It is based on a simple variation of the well-known reflection-mode SA microcavity used for extinction ratio enhancement, with cavity parameters designed for obtaining a decreasing curve of reflectance vs input power, while an increasing curve is obtained with the usual design. Therefore it can be used with similar multiple quantum well (QW) structures, whose carrier lifetime can be reduced by introducing capture and recombination centers via low temperature epitaxy, high-energy ion implantation, Be or Fe doping, etc.
Computational modelling of the regulation of Insulin signalling by oxidative stress (2013)

Our model is consistent with a wide range of experimental data, some of which is difficult to explain. Oxidative stress can have effects that are both up- and down-regulatory on insulin signalling. Our model therefore shows the complexity of the interaction between the two pathways and highlights the need for such integrated computational models to give insight into the dysregulation of insulin signalling along with more data at the individual level.A complete SBML model file can be downloaded from BIOMODELS (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels-main) with unique identifier MODEL1212210000.Other files and scripts are available as additional files with this journal article and can be downloaded from https://github.com/graham1034/Smith2012_insulin_signalling.
Joint Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci for Clinical Mastitis and Somatic Cell Score on Five Chromosomes in Three Nordic Dairy Cattle Breeds (2007)

Five chromosomes were selected for joint quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses for clinical mastitis (CM) and somatic cell score (SCS) in 3 breeds: Finnish Ayrshire (FA), Swedish Red and White (SRB), and Danish Red (DR). In total, 19 grandsires and 672 sons in FA, 19 grandsires and 499 sons in SRB, and 8 grandsires and 258 sons in DR were used in the study. These individuals were genotyped with the 61 microsatellite markers used in any of the previous QTL scans on the selected chromosomes. Within-family QTL analyses based on linear regression models were carried out for CM and SCS to identify the segregating sires for each region. On the segregating families, joint single-trait and 2-trait analyses were performed using variance components models. The analyses confirmed that QTL affecting CM or SCS, or both, segregate on Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 9, 11, 14, and 18, whereas a QTL on BTA29 could not be confirmed. Our results indicate that there may be at least 2 linked QTL on BTA9, one that primarily affects CM and a second that primarily affects SCS. On chromosomes BTA11, 14, and 18, the joint analyses were only significant for SCS.
Polysaccharide Produced by <i>Anacystis nidulans:</i> Its Ecological Implication (1972)

An extracellular polysaccharide from Anacystis nidulans was extracted from cell-free medium. Analysis showed that the polysaccharide consisted of glucose, galactose, and mannose in the ratio of 60:14:20. The production of polysaccharide depends on the age of culture, the growth temperature, and the form of nitrogen available.
Optical and Temperature Distributions within High Power 980 nm Semiconductor Lasers (1998)

Semiconductor lasers suffer from poor spatial coherence when operated at high powers. Deterioration in spatial coherence has been shown to be induced by carrier-induced self-focusing and temperature variations. Many device structures have been proposed to overcome this problem, including: phased arrays, unstable resonators, integrated-master oscillator power amplifiers and a-DFBs. Whichever solution is preferred, it would be of great benefit to observe the internal optical and temperature distributions under high power operation with a view to further improvement in device performance. In this paper we present an experimental technique which gives detailed information about the optical and thermal distributions within high power semiconductor lasers and show how this information can be used to improve performance of a curved facet unstable resonator.
Large full scale, linearity and cross-axis rejection in low-power 3-axis gyroscopes based on nanoscale piezoresistors (2015)

This work presents in-plane and out-of-plane Coriolis rate gyroscopes based on nano-scale piezoresistive readout and using an eutectic bonding between the bottom wafer, where the sensor is formed, and the cap wafer, where routing and metal pads are fabricated. The gyroscopes feature a novel design with a central levered sense frame, to maximize the device symmetry and compactness. The position of the piezoresistive nano-gauges along the lever system optimizes the scale-factor. Operation on a ± 3000 dps full-scale-range (FSR) demonstrates quite competitive performance, with a linearity error lower than 0.25% and a cross-axis rejection 50× better than state-of-the art consumer gyroscopes.
1606 Extracting neuronal activity related components from cerebral hemodynamic changes (2008)

Optical topography (OT) signals measured during an experiment using activation tasks for certain brain functions contain neuronal-activation-induced blood oxygenation changes and also physiological changes. We used independent component analysis (ICA) for separating them, and extracted components related to brain activation without using any hemodynamic models. The analysis procedure has three stages: first, OT signals are separated into independent components (ICs) by using time-delayed decorrelation algorithm. Second, task-related ICs (TR-ICs) are selected from the separated ICs based on their mean inter-trial cross-correlations. Third, the TR-ICs are categorized into two clusters by k-mean clustering method and these are classified into TR activation-related ICs (TR-AICs) and TR noise ICs (TR-NICs). We applied this procedure to analysis of the OT signals obtained from experiments with one-handed finger tapping tasks. In the averaged waveform of TR-AICs, a small overshoot can be seen a few seconds after the onsets of each task and a few seconds after the ends, while the averaged waveform of TR-NICs show an N-shaped pattern.
Is Perioperative Plasma Aprotinin Concentration More Predictable and Constant After a Weight-Related Dose Regimen? (2001)

Peak plasma concentrations of aprotinin were less variable with a weight-related dose schedule. This has implications for safety with regard to control of anticoagulation and cost in patients with small body mass. Plasma concentrations varied greatly with time between patients. This observation has implications for determining an optimal dose on the basis of aprotinin's currently known mechanisms of action.
Factor analysis of dynamic structures (FADS) for quantitative modelling of positron emission tomographic (PET) image sequences (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. From positron emission tomography (PET) image sequences it is possible to estimate biological parameters by means of measurements inside regions of interest. Several compartments, with various contributions, are present in each region. FADS automatically provides factors (kinetics corresponding to a pure compartment), factor images (spatial distribution of the factor), and their respective contributions. Using three radioisotopes with different decay time constants to simulate biological kinetics, mixed in various proportions in several vials, the authors validated FADS for (1) the number of kinetics and the expected time constants, (2) the spatial distribution of the compartments, and (3) the percentage of isotopes in each vial.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Genetics of Reading Disabilities: From Phenotypes to Candidate Genes (2013)

This article provides an overview of (a) issues in definition and diagnosis of specific reading disabilities at the behavioral level that may occur in different constellations of developmental and phenotypic profiles (patterns); (b) rapidly expanding research on genetic heterogeneity and gene candidates for dyslexia and other reading disabilities; (c) emerging research on gene-brain relationships; and (d) current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms whereby environmental events may alter behavioral expression of genetic variations. A glossary of genetic terms (denoted by bold font) is provided for readers not familiar with the technical terms.
Homolytic aromatic substitution of heterocyclic compounds. Part II. Phenylation of furan (1969)

The phenylation of furan, carried out with several phenylating agents, afforded in very case a single substitution product, 2-phenylfuran. Similar results were obtained with p-chlorophenyl radicals which afforded only 2-(p-chlorophenyl)furan. The use of phenylazotriphenylmethane as phenylating agent afforded 2-phenylfuran in low yields; the main products of this reaction were two isomeric 2,5-dihydro-2-phenyl-5-triphenylmethylfurans.
Stereoisomeric flavour compounds. Part LVII: The stereoisomers of 3‐Oxo‐p‐menthane‐8‐thiol acetate, simultaneously stereoanalysed with their corresponding thiols (1992)

Abstract The stereoisomers of 3‐oxo‐p‐menthane‐8‐thiol acetate have been synthesized by acetylation of optically pure stereoisomers of 8‐mercapto‐p‐menthan‐3‐one. The stereoisomers were identified by 1 H/ 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy and CGC‐MS. Their sensory properties are described. Their chirospecific analysis is reported simultaneously with the stereoisomers of their corresponding thiols using selectivity adjusted enantioselective capillary gas chromatography with octakis(2,3‐di‐ O ‐acetyl‐6‐ O ‐ tert ‐butyldimethylsilyl)‐γ‐cyclodextrin as the chiral stationary phase.
Estrogen-Derived Steroidal Metal Complexes:  Agents for Cellular Delivery of Metal Centers to Estrogen Receptor-Positive Cells (2001)

Targeted cellular delivery of drugs to specific tissues is an important goal in biomedical chemistry. Achieving this requires harnessing and applying molecular-level recognition events prevalent in (or specific to) the desired tissue type. Tissues rich in estrogen receptors (ERs), which include many types of breast cancer, accumulate molecules that have high binding affinities for these receptors. Therefore, molecules that (i) bind to the ER, (ii) have favorable cellular transport properties, and (iii) contain a second functionality (such as a center that may be used for diagnostic imaging or medical therapy) are exciting synthetic targets in the field of drug delivery. To this end, we have prepared a range of metallo-estrogens based on 17alpha-ethynylestradiol and examined their binding to the ER both as isolated receptor and in whole cell assays (ER positive MCF-7 cells). Estrogens functionalized with metal binding units are prepared by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and a wide range of metal centers introduced readily. All the compounds prepared and tested exhibit effective binding to the estrogen receptor and are delivered across the cell membrane into MCF-7 cells. In the whole cell assays, despite their monocationic nature, the palladium and platinum complexes prepared exhibit similar (and even enhanced) receptor binding affinities compared to their corresponding neutral free ligands. It is unprecedented for a higher ER binding affinity to be observed for a cationic complex than for its metal-free ligand.