gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Chronic Therapy with Proteolytic Enzymes on Hypertension-Induced Renal Injury in the Rat Model of Goldblatt Hypertension (1998)

This study investigated the possible beneficial effect of intraperitoneal proteolytic enzyme administration on the development of hypertension-induced renal injury in the rat model of 2-kidney 1-clip (2K1C) Goldblatt hypertension. Male Wistar rats (120-150 g) underwent either sham surgery (control, n = 5) or clipping of the left renal artery. From day one 2K1C rats were randomized into 2 groups, placebo treatment (n = 7), and proteolytic enzyme treatment (n = 9). To the verum group a fixed mixture of trypsin (2.42 mg), bromelain (4.54 mg), and rutin (5.04 mg) dissolved in 2 ml of sterile 0.9% NaCl was administered intraperitoneally daily, while the placebo group received only vehicle. Rats were pair-fed. The duration of the study was 7 weeks. All 2K1C rats developed hypertension and the mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) did not differ significantly between the groups at any time recorded (SBP at sacrifice: controls 122.0 +/- 8.5 mm Hg; placebo 191.4 +/- 7. 6 mm Hg; enzyme 180.5 +/- 6.5 mm Hg). Enzyme treatment prevented the rise in proteinuria (controls 12.4 +/- 2.6 mg/24 h; placebo 19.7 +/- 3.9 mg/24 h; enzyme 12.2 +/- 1.3 mg/24 h; p < 0.05) and ameliorated the increase in serum urea concentrations. Histomorphologically, signs of malignant nephrosclerosis were not found in control rats, while they were present in 4/7 (57%) of placebo-treated rats, but only in 1/9 (11%) of the enzyme-treated group. The volume fraction of renocortical interstitium was increased in both 2K1C groups in comparison with controls; however, enzyme treatment decreased the accumulation of interstitial tissue significantly (-22%) compared to placebo treatment. Cellular infiltration with mononuclear cells was also lower in the protease-treated group. To summarize, in the rat model of 2K1C hypertension, systemic treatment with proteases ameliorates the severity of nephrosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis in the non-clipped kidney, as well as proteinuria, without affecting high blood pressure.
Endometriosis (2012)

Endometriosis is a complex condition to treat because of uncertainties regarding its aetiology, the variety of its clinical presentation, the absence of a non-invasive diagnostic marker, its impact on quality of life and productivity, and the limited number of treatment options available. There is an absence of high-quality evidence from large randomized controlled trials to guide therapeutic decision-making, which means that health professionals often have to rely upon clinical experience alone. The ultimate aim is to provide care that relieves pain and distress, so as to improve quality of life; however, this is often a difficult challenge.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐O‐(2‐Oxo‐benzo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphaocan‐2‐yl)‐myo‐inositol and 3,5‐Dideoxy‐1‐O‐(2‐oxo‐benzo‐1,3,2‐dioxaphosphaocan‐2‐yl)‐myo‐inositol as Prodrugs of Inositolmonophosphatase Ligands. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Collective and individual glycolytic oscillations in yeast cells encapsulated in alginate microparticles (2015)

Yeast cells were encapsulated into alginate microparticles of a few hundred micrometers diameter using a centrifuge-based droplet shooting device. We demonstrate the first experimental results of glycolytic oscillations in individual yeast cells immobilized in this way. We investigated both the individual and collective oscillatory behaviors at different cell densities. As the cell density increased, the amplitude of the individual oscillations increased while their period decreased, and the collective oscillations became more synchronized, with an order parameter close to 1 (indicating high synchrony). We also synthesized biphasic-Janus microparticles encapsulating yeast cells of different densities in each hemisphere. The cellular oscillations between the two hemispheres were entrained at both the individual and population levels. Such systems of cells encapsulated into microparticles are useful for investigating how cell-to-cell communication depends on the density and spatial distribution of cells.
Effect of furosemide on transperitoneal passage of uric acid--experimental studies. (1989)

Application of furosemide (F) during peritoneal dialysis had been proposed for enlargement of peritoneal excretion of uric acid (UA), however, localization and mechanism of action of the drug remained obscure. To clarify the problem experimental studies on isolated peritoneum were performed with intention to establish whether and how transperitoneal flux of UA can be modified by F. Experiments were carried out in vitro on fragments of peritoneum taken from rabbits: parietal peritoneum and mesentery were isolated with single layer of mesothelium, and minimal amount of submesothelial tissue. Gradient of UA across the membranes was set up at 0.9-1.1 mmol/l, and flow estimated before and after addition of F (final conc. 10(-4) M) to the medium bathing either side of the membranes. Some differences in the flow between both types of the membranes as quantitative (greater flow in the parietal peritoneum), and qualitative (opposite succession of changes after F) were observed, however, the reaction for the diuretic was significant in both series of the experiments. The results confirm the suggestion that F can affect peritoneal excretion of UA during the dialysis, but at the same time they show that the mechanisms regulating the transperitoneal UA passage are complex.
Chloride efflux in cyclic AMP-induced configurational change of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. (1990)

Elevation of cellular cyclic AMP by agents such as isoproterenol plus 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine produced rapid and reversible dendritic formation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells in the monolayer. The effect did not occur with exposure of the cells to a variety of other vasoactive agents, calcium ionophore, phorbol ester, or cyclic GMP. The cyclic AMP-induced configurational change was completely inhibited by 2.5 mM N-phenylanthranilic acid or 145 mM sodium gluconate (Cl- channel inhibitors) and was partially inhibited by 2.5 mM 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS), but it was not affected by deprivation of Ca2+ or Na+ ion, 1 mM bumetanide (Cl- cotransport inhibitor), 1 mM amiloride (Na+/H+ exchange inhibitor), 0.1 mM verapamil (Ca2+ channel inhibitor), or 5 mM BaCl2 (K+ channel inhibitor), by change in cellular pH, or by pertussis toxin. Trifluoperazine (calmodulin inhibitor, 50 microM), 1 mM EGTA plus 100 microM 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 8-(diethylamino)octyl ester (TMB-8, intracellular Ca2+ antagonist), and 5 microM cytochalasin B also produced cellular retraction, but these changes were not blocked by chloride channel inhibition. In the presence of 0.1 mM ouabain plus 0.1 mM bumetanide, 36Cl- uptake was decreased by isoproterenol plus isobutylmethylxanthine while its efflux was enhanced. N-Phenylanthranilic acid inhibited the stimulated efflux. We conclude that cyclic AMP induces a configurational change of endothelial cells that is related to Cl- efflux from the cells; the cellular effects may play a role in vascular function.
<title>Inspection and sorting of particulate materials with low optical loss characteristics</title> (1992)

Many commercial materials sold in bulk form occur as particulates or pellets at some intermediate stage in their production. Detection of defects and foreign particles at this stage is a useful quality control function. This paper describes a concept and implementation for measuring contaminant count and removing undesirable material from a product stream. The system in its present form is restricted to materials that exhibit low optical loss. Many polymers and other particulates fall into this category or are sufficiently close that the system functions effectively. An optical scanner and material transport system are integrated with a computer system to perform the detection and sorting functions. Throughputs of 60 lbs/hour have been demonstrated and higher rates are possible.
Spiral-shaped microcavity laser: a new class of semiconductor laser (2005)

A spiral‐shaped microcavity structure is used to achieve uni‐direcitonal laser emission from a microresonator. This was previously demonstrated with an InGaN MQW microdisk laser emitting near 400 nm and is demonstrated here with room‐temperature laser operation of an AlGaAs heterostructure with pulsed threshold current densities as low as 400 A/cm2, emission wavelength near 730 nm, and output power of more than 4 mW. Continuous‐wave operation of an AlGaAs microdisk laser is also demonstrated for a disk radius of 50 μm.
Tunable Raman fiber laser induced by Rayleigh back-scattering in an ultra-long cavity (2011)

We report an ultra-long Raman laser with a 46 km fiber length that behaved as a Rayleigh back-scattering–based optical feedback. The laser was tunable from 1550 nm to 1571 nm (3 dB bandwidth) with the insertion of an optical grating filter. Evaluations on the spectral evolution and power development were also performed from the results obtained. In fact, it was discovered that the spectral broadening effect between the modeless spectra resembled the same process that happens in a typical fiber cavity that has high reflectors at each cavity end. In addition, the output power showed a square-root development with respect to the input power.
A Harmonic Approach to Data Transmission over GSM Voice Channel (2008)

One of the most important objectives in mobile communication systems is secure data communication (including text, picture, video and voice) especially, in high bit rate. For this reason, in this paper, a new procedure is proposed in which the intended data or voice is modulated onto speech-like waveforms; Then the modulated waveforms are transmitted over the global system for mobile communications (GSM) voice channel. Then, these waveforms are demodulated at the receiver. Finally, the input data to the modulator is compared to the output data from the demodulator based on bit error rate (BER). In this work, we propose an appropriate modem for the GSM full rate (FR) speech codec by mapping data onto the fundamental parameters related to formants in a speech-like waveform including phases, frequencies, energy of frame and pitch frequencies. The proposed model has been evaluated for a GSM-to-GSM connection. Conducting different simulations we observed that the proposed approach results in a bit error rate (BER) of 0.005% when signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 10 dB in a 0.8 kbps channel. As a result, proposed method can be considered as a favorable choice for robustness to additive noise.
Lactobacillus secaliphilus sp. nov., isolated from type II sourdough fermentation (2007)

Two strains of Gram-positive, catalase-negative, lactic acid bacteria, strains TMW 1.1309(T) and TMW 1.1313, were isolated at an interval of several years from an industrial type II sourdough. They occurred at cell numbers of 8x10(8) c.f.u. g(-1) and therefore were considered to be one of the dominant members of the microbiota in this type of fermentation. Cells of both strains grow exclusively on modified MRS containing trypsin-digested rye-bran extract. Both strains possessed identical 16S rRNA gene sequences, but could be discriminated by RAPD fingerprints. Comparative 16S rRNA and tuf gene sequence analyses positioned strain TMW 1.1309(T) as part of the Lactobacillus reuteri phylogenetic group within the genus Lactobacillus. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to the closest related species, Lactobacillus coleohominis and Lactobacillus ingluviei were 97.1 and 95.4 %, respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain TMW 1.1309(T) was 48 mol%. Growth characteristics, biochemical features and DNA-DNA hybridization values below 70 % with all the nearest neighbours demonstrated that the isolates represent a novel Lactobacillus species. The name Lactobacillus secaliphilus sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates, with the type strain TMW 1.1309(T) (=DSM 17896(T)=CCUG 53218(T)).
A Fully-Integrated 0.13μm CMOS Low-IF DBS Satellite Tuner (2006)

A first low-IF fully-integrated tuner for DBS satellite TV applications was realized in 0.13 mum CMOS. A wide bandwidth, ring oscillator integer-N frequency synthesizer having a large frequency step was used to down-convert a cluster of channels to a coarsely defined low-IF frequency, while the second down-conversion to base band was performed in the digital domain. Eliminating the oscillator inductors has reduced the parasitic magnetic coupling from the digital circuitry, allowing single-chip tuner-demodulator integration
Pentacene organic transistors and ring oscillators on glass and on flexible polymeric substrates (2003)

We have fabricated organic thin film transistors, inverters, and ring oscillators on glass and on flexible polyethylene naphthalate, using the small-molecule hydrocarbon pentacene as the semiconductor and solution-processed polyvinylphenol as the gate dielectric. Depending on the choice of substrate, the transistors have a carrier mobility between 0.3 and 0.7 cm2/V s, an on/off current ratio between 105 and 106, and a subthreshold swing between 0.9 and 1.6 V/decade. To account for the positive switch-on voltage of the transistors, circuits were designed to operate with integrated level shifting. Depending on the type of substrate, ring oscillators have a signal propagation delay as low as 15 μs per stage.
Spin-dependent Klein tunneling in polariton graphene with photonic spin-orbit interaction (2016)

We study Klein tunneling in polariton graphene. We show that the photonic spin-orbit coupling associated with the energy splitting between TE and TM photonic modes can be described as an emergent gauge field. It suppresses the Klein tunneling in a small energy range close to the Dirac points. Thanks to polariton spin-anisotropic interactions, polarized optical pumping allows one to create potential barriers acting on a single polariton spin. We show that the resulting spin-dependent Klein tunneling can be used to create a perfectly transmitting polarization rotator operating at microscopic scale.
Fretting corrosion behaviour of ball-and-socket joint on dental implants with different prosthodontic alloys. (2003)

The fretting corrosion of five materials for implant suprastructures (cast-titanium, machined-titanium, gold alloy, silver-palladium alloy and chromium-nickel alloy), was investigated in vitro, the materials being galvanically coupled to a titanium ball-and-socket-joint with tetrafluoroethylene under mechanical load. Various electrochemical parameters (E(corr), i(corr), Evans diagrams, polarization resistance and Tafel slopes) were analyzed. The microstructure of the different dental materials was observed before and after corrosion processes by optical and electron microscopy. It can be observed that the mechanical load produces an important decrease of the corrosion resistance. The cast and machined titanium had the most passive current density at a given potential and chromium-nickel alloy had the most active critical current density values. The high gold content alloys have excellent resistance corrosion, although this decreases when the gold content is lower in the alloy. The palladium alloy had a low critical current density due to the presence of gallium in this composition but a selective dissolution of copper-rich phases was observed through energy dispersive X-ray analysis.
Token flow control (2008)

As companies move towards many-core chips, an efficient on-chip communication fabric to connect these cores assumes critical importance. To address limitations to wire delay scalability and increasing bandwidth demands, state-of-the-art on-chip networks use a modular packet-switched design with routers at every hop which allow sharing of network channels over multiple packet flows. This, however, leads to packets going through a complex router pipeline at every hop, resulting in the overall communication energy/delay being dominated by the router overhead, as opposed to just wire energy/delay.
Cytokine modulation by PX differently affects specific acute phase proteins during sepsis in rats (1998)

To explore the regulation of the acute phase response in vivo, the effects of pentoxifylline (PX) treatment (100 mg/kg ip 1 h before infection) were investigated in infected and pair-fed rats 2 and 6 days after an intravenous injection of live bacteria (Escherichia coli). PX treatment prevented the increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (peak 1.5 h after the infection) and resulted in an 84 and 61% inhibition of plasma interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, respectively (peaks at 3 h). Plasma corticosterone kinetics were not modified by the treatment. Infection increased alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), alpha2-macroglobulin (A2M), and fibrinogen plasma concentrations and decreased albumin levels. PX significantly reduced AGP plasma concentration as early as day 2 in infected animals but reduced A2M and fibrinogen plasma levels only at day 6. The treatment had no effect on the albumin plasma concentration. Hepatic AGP and fibrinogen mRNA levels increased in infected rats, whereas those of A2M were unchanged and those of albumin were decreased. Two days after infection, AGP and fibrinogen mRNA levels were reduced in treated infected animals. PX was ineffective in modifying those of A2M and albumin. These data demonstrate, in vivo, that different acute phase proteins are individually regulated in sepsis. The in vivo effects of PX treatment support the hypothesis that TNF-alpha plays an important role in the regulation of AGP production, whereas other factors seem to be involved in the regulation of A2M, fibrinogen, and albumin expression.
Steroid hormone receptors: Evolution, ligands, and molecular basis of biologic function (1999)

The characterization of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, in particular the steroid/retinoid/thyroid hormone receptors, has resulted in a more complete understanding of how a repertoire of hormonally and nutritionally derived lipophilic ligands controls cell functions to effect development and homeostasis. As transducers of hormonal signaling in the nucleus, this superfamily of DNA-binding proteins appears to represent a crucial link in the emergence of multicellular organisms. Because nuclear receptors bind and are conformationally activated by a chemically diverse array of ligands, yet are closely related in general structure, they present an intriguing example of paralogous evolution. It is hypothesized that an ancient prototype receptor evolved into an intricate set of dimerizing isoforms, capable of recognizing an ensemble of hormone-responsive element motifs in DNA, and exerting ligand-directed combinatorial control of gene expression. The effector domains of nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional activation by recruiting coregulatory multisubunit complexes that remodel chromatin, target the initiation site, and stabilize the RNA polymerase II machinery for repeated rounds of transcription of the regulated gene. Because some nuclear receptors also function in gene repression, while others are constitutive activators, this superfamily of proteins provides a number of avenues for investigating hormonal regulation of gene expression. This review surveys briefly the latest findings in the nuclear receptor field and identifies particular areas where future studies should be fruitful. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 32/33:110-122, 1999.
IMAGING MAGNETIC SOURCES IN THE PRESENCE OF SUPERCONDUCTING SURFACES: MODEL & EXPERIMENT (2001)

Article IMAGING MAGNETIC SOURCES IN THE PRESENCE OF SUPERCONDUCTING SURFACES: MODEL & EXPERIMENT was published on January 1, 2001 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 46, issue s2).
Antibody-mediated protective immunity in fungal infections. (2005)

The host response to fungal infection is the result of a complex interaction between the pathogen and the host's innate and adaptive immune system. Cell-mediated immunity is widely considered to be critical for the successful outcome of fungal infections. However, in recent years numerous studies have established that certain antibodies may play an important role in host immunoprotection against pathogenic fungi, through interaction with different cellular targets, such as mannans, heat shock proteins, capsular polysaccharides, surface proteins, and yeast killer toxin receptors, with mechanisms of action sometimes still undefined. This review summarizes the latest findings on the role of different types of antibodies in the antifungal defense against infections caused by epidemiologically important fungi, such as Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, and others. New perspectives of antibody-mediated therapy, based on the availability of monoclonal and recombinant antibodies as well as genetically engineered antibody fragments of defined specificity, will be also envisaged and discussed.
Synchrotron Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Quantitatively Detects Angstrom Level Changes in the Average Radius of Taxol-Stabilized Microtubules Decorated with the Microtubule-Associated-Protein Tau (2011)

With the emerging proteomics era the scientific community is beginning the daunting task of understanding the structures and functions of a large number of self-assembling proteins. Here, our study was concerned with the effect of the microtubule-associated-protein (MAP) tau on the assembled structure of taxol-stabilized microtubules. Significantly, the synchrotron small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) technique is able to quantitatively detect angstrom level changes in the average diameter of the microtubules modeled as a simple hollow nanotube with a fixed wall thickness. We show that the electrostatic binding of MAP tau isoforms to taxol-stabilized MTs leads to a controlled increase in the average radius of microtubules with increasing coverage of tau on the MT surface. The increase in the average diameter results from an increase in the distribution of protofilament numbers in MTs upon binding of MAP tau.
Zusammenfassung (1992)

Durch die EG-weiten wie national erheblich erhöhten Reinigungsstandards werden die Kosten der Abwasserbeseitigung in den nächsten Jahren nicht nur in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (BRD) erheblich steigen. Hinzu kommt ein Sanierungsbedarf für die z.T. über 100 Jahre alte Infrastruktur der Kanalisation. Die Schätzungen für die Kosten insgesamt betragen bis zu 189 Mrd. DM für die alten Länder der BRD. Auf dem Gebiet der neuen Bundesländer wird der Nachholbedarf gegenüber westdeutschen Standards zu einem Investitionsvolumen von geschätzt 100–120 Mrd. DM führen. Auch ein reiches Land wie die BRD kann es sich bei diesen Größenordnungen — die zudem nur einen Ausschnitt aus dem umweit- und gesamtwirtschaftlichen Investitionsbedarf darstellen — nicht leisten, durch ineffiziente Organisationsformen und Managementtechniken Ressourcen zu vergeuden. Daher sind in den letzten Jahren im Abwasserbereich nicht nur neue Modelle erprobt worden, sondern auch die Diskussion um eine Veränderung der bisher in der BRD vorherrschenden Form des kommunalen Regiebetriebs hat zugenommen.