gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histochemical Localization of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Decalcified Bone and Cartilage (2002)

We have developed methodology that enables alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to be histochemically stained reproducibly in decalcified paraffin-embedded bone and cartilage of rodents. Proximal tibiae and fourth lumbar vertebrae were fixed in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative, decalcified in an EDTA-G solution, and embedded in paraffin. In the articular cartilage of the proximal tibia, ALP activity was localized to the hypertrophic chondrocytes and cartilage matrix of the deep zone and the maturing chondrocytes of the intermediate zone. The cells and matrix in the superficial zone did not exhibit any enzyme activity. In tibial and vertebral growth plates, a progressive increase in ALP expression was seen in chondrocytes and cartilage matrix, with activity being weakest in the proliferative zone, higher in the maturing zone, and highest in the hypertrophic zone. In bone tissue, ALP activity was detected widely in pre-osteoblasts, osteoblasts, lining cells on the surface of trabeculae, some newly embedded osteocytes, endosteal cells, and subperiosteal cells. In areas of new bone formation, ALP activity was detected in osteoid. In the bone marrow, about 20% of bone marrow cells expressed ALP activity. In adult rats, the thickness of the growth plates was less and ALP activity was enhanced in maturing and hypertrophic chondrocytes, cartilage matrix in the hypertrophic zone, and primary spongiosa. This is the first time that ALP activity has been successfully visualized histochemically in decalcified, paraffin-embedded mineralized tissues. This technique should prove to be a very convenient adjunct for studying the behavior of osteoblasts during osteogenesis.
Scope and Mechanism of Intramolecular Aziridination of Cyclopent-3-enyl-methylamines to 1-Azatricyclo[2.2.1.0<sup>2,6</sup>]heptanes with Lead Tetraacetate (2009)

A series of seven cyclopent-3-en-1-ylmethylamines bearing one, two, or three methyl substituents at the C2, C3, C4, or C(alpha) positions, including the unsubstituted parent, was accessed by ring-closing metatheses of alpha,alpha-diallylacetonitrile (or methallyl variants) and alpha,alpha-diallylacetone followed by hydride reductions or reductive amination, or by Curtius degradations of alpha,alpha-dimethyl- and 2,2,3-trimethylcyclopent-3-enylacetic acids. Oxidation of the primary amines with Pb(OAc)(4) in CH(2)Cl(2), CHCl(3) or benzene in the presence of K(2)CO(3) effected efficient intramolecular aziridinations, in all cases except the alpha-methyl analogue (16), to form the corresponding 1-azatricyclo[2.2.1.0(2,6)]heptanes, including the novel monoterpene analogues, 1-azatricyclene and the 2-azatricyclene enantiomers. The cumulative rate increases of aziridination reactions observed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy in CDCl(3) resulting from the presence of one or two methyl groups on the cyclopentene double bond, in comparison to the rate of the unsubstituted parent amine (1:17.5:>280), indicate a highly electrophilic intermediate as the nitrene donor and a symmetrical aziridine-like transition state. A mechanism is outlined in which the amine displaces an acetate ligand from Pb(OAc)(4) to form a lead(IV) amide intermediate RNHPb(OAc)(3) proposed as the actual aziridinating species.
<title>Buried Long Period Grating For Laser Applications</title> (1981)

One type of aperture-sharing device, the buried long period grating (BLPG), is described in this paper. The BLPG functions as a buried segmented mirror whose primary function is to spatially redirect, by reflections, an antiparallel laser beam and its corresponding low power broad band LWIR (long wavelength infrared) return beam. The aperture sharing unit consists of a pair of BLPGs, the second BLPG being used to restore spatial coherence across the LWIR wavefront. Other system functions of the BLPG such as autoalignment and beam sampling are discussed. The optical performance of the device is discussed in terms of energy losses due to material dispersion diffraction loss, degradation of resolution resulting from diffraction, segment fabrication tolerances, and thermally induced structural deformations due to laser beam heating. Both transient and steady-state thermal and structural analysis were performed on the device. One result from the analysis was the value of the burying dielectric thickness above the segment tips that minimized the stress within the device under laser beam irradiation. Fabrication consisted of separately tooling segmented surfaces in the cooled substrate and in the burying dielectric (CVD ZnSe and ZnS) followed by application of a metallic coating. These two segmented surfaces were joined with an appropriate bonding agent. The critical fabrication step is to use the bonding materials that have the following properties: (1) approaches full cure during fabrication, (2) minimum of outgassing with temperature and with time, (3) stable with aging (minimize surface distortion), (4) high thermal conductivity, and (5) flexible bond line to absorb thermal expansion mismatch between the dissimilar substrate materials. The exposed dielectric surface is polished flat, vacuum baked, and dichoric coated to reflect a laser beam and transmit a LWIR beam. Some top surface distortion is introduced during vacuum baking and during dichroic coating. Present work is towards reducing these fabrication temperature deformations by accurately mixing the bonding components to give different compositions. Preliminary work indicates good device performance in a laser environment.
Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism (1993)

The innovative team-authored overview of cerebral circulation and brain energy metabolism...
Power integrated circuit drives based on HV NMOS (2003)

This paper presents high voltage (HV) NMOS based level shifters, bootstraps and charge pumps in direct and cascaded topologies, which are highly useful to implement either power integrated circuits (PICs) high-side transistor floating drives or compact inductorless DC-DC power supplies. Monolithic solutions resorting to a unique HV NMOS switching cell are very important when standard CMOS technologies are intended to be used. In fact, these floating drives are fully CMOS compatible. Even while using a dedicated PIC technology this approach is a cost effective one. Furthermore, topologies based on a unique HV NMOS can be implemented in regular and simple geometry, thus, they are prone to be easily configured by top metal layers and to pave the way to mask configurable PICs. Simulation and experimental results obtained for a level shifter, a bootstrap and a charge pump used either as voltage multiplier or as a floating voltage source are presented and discussed. These low cost solutions are highly desirable for mobile applications power management and an efficient drive either for PICs or for intelligent devices.
The impact of visual gaze direction on auditory object tracking (2017)

Subjective experience suggests that we are able to direct our auditory attention independent of our visual gaze, e.g when shadowing a nearby conversation at a cocktail party. But what are the consequences at the behavioural and neural level? While numerous studies have investigated both auditory attention and visual gaze independently, little is known about their interaction during selective listening. In the present EEG study, we manipulated visual gaze independently of auditory attention while participants detected targets presented from one of three loudspeakers. We observed increased response times when gaze was directed away from the locus of auditory attention. Further, we found an increase in occipital alpha-band power contralateral to the direction of gaze, indicative of a suppression of distracting input. Finally, this condition also led to stronger central theta-band power, which correlated with the observed effect in response times, indicative of differences in top-down processing. Our data suggest that a misalignment between gaze and auditory attention both reduce behavioural performance and modulate underlying neural processes. The involvement of central theta-band and occipital alpha-band effects are in line with compensatory neural mechanisms such as increased cognitive control and the suppression of task irrelevant inputs.
ZeroBlock: Timestamp-Free Prevention of Block-Withholding Attack in Bitcoin (2016)

Bitcoin was recently introduced as a peer-to-peer electronic currency in order to facilitate transactions outside the traditional financial system. The core of Bitcoin, the Blockchain, is the history of the transactions in the system maintained by all miners as a distributed shared register. New blocks in the Blockchain contain the last transactions in the system and are added by miners after a block mining process that consists in solving a resource consuming proof-of-work (cryptographic puzzle). The reward is a motivation for mining process but also could be an incentive for attacks such as selfish mining. In this paper we propose a solution for one of the major problems in Bitcoin : selfish mining or block-withholding attack. This attack is conducted by adversarial or selfish miners in order to either earn undue rewards or waste the computational power of honest miners. Contrary to recent solutions, our solution, ZeroBlock, prevents block-withholding using a technique free of timestamp that can be forged. Moreover, we show that our solution is compliant with nodes churn.
Underwater acoustic voice communications using digital pulse position modulation (2002)

The paper presents a novel technique for underwater acoustic voice communications. The speech signal is compressed prior to transmission by using linear predictive coding and transmission of appropriate speech parameters is achieved by digital pulse position modulation. The main emphasis is on the reception of the multipath-dominant signal and on the demodulation process.
Selective localization of glutaminase in spinal and sensory nerve cells. A potential marker for glutamate neurotransmission (1984)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) Podcasts Clinical Reviews Editors' Summary Medical News Author Interviews More JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA journal
Misunderstanding analysis of covariance. (2001)

Despite numerous technical treatments in many venues, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) remains a widely misused approach to dealing with substantive group differences on potential covariates, particularly in psychopathology research. Published articles reach unfounded conclusions, and some statistics texts neglect the issue. The problem with ANCOVA in such cases is reviewed. In many cases, there is no means of achieving the superficially appealing goal of "correcting" or "controlling for" real group differences on a potential covariate. In hopes of curtailing misuse of ANCOVA and promoting appropriate use, a nontechnical discussion is provided, emphasizing a substantive confound rarely articulated in textbooks and other general presentations, to complement the mathematical critiques already available. Some alternatives are discussed for contexts in which ANCOVA is inappropriate or questionable.
Photodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) under UV and pulsed‐laser irradiation in aqueous solution (2006)

Abstract The photodegradation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in aqueous solution was investigated under UV exposure and pulsed‐laser irradiation. The degradation under UV exposure was studied at different pH values and with the addition of potassium chloride and potassium dichromate. The pulsed‐laser degradation of PVA was investigated with a Nd : YAG laser, operating at a wavelength of 266 nm with about 6‐ns pulses. The pulsed‐laser degradation was studied at different polymer concentrations and light intensities. Samples were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography. The degradation rate coefficients were determined by the application of a continuous distribution model. The photodegradation rates under UV exposure were highest at extremes of pH and were greatly enhanced by the addition of potassium chloride and potassium dichromate. The pulsed‐laser degradation of the polymer decreased with increasing polymer concentration, although a threshold light intensity was required to initiate the degradation process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 958–966, 2006
Micropatterning of Foturan photosensitive glass following exposure to MeV proton beams (2005)

A new proton lithography mechanism has been identified and investigated: the micropatterning of photosensitive etchable glass based on the crystallization of the glass after irradiation with MeV protons and heat treatment. The use of MeV protons results in a significantly reduced minimum feature size compared with reported results using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and the threshold dose for etching is very low (4000 protons µm−2), offering the potential for creating complex microstructures by direct writing using very short exposures. The depth of the structures is determined only by the range of the protons in the glass, which allows structures with different depths to be fabricated. This technique appears to be very valuable for the rapid fabrication of high aspect ratio microstructures such as fluid networks and micro-optical devices in a material with useful optical and mechanical properties.
Power from wood (1980)

This report includes handling, combustion, and pollution-control systems needed for clean, efficient use of wood. The many equipment options are identified. It offers a review of time-proven technology, plus a look at new equipment and concepts in industrial wood-firing concepts, and some ideas on how to operate existing facilities better. The specific sections included were: resource availability, fuel properties, fuel preparation, conveying systems, dryers, storage, bins, chutes, feeders, pile burning, suspension firing, fluidized-bed combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, liquefaction, boilers, pollution control and ash handling. (DP)
Heuristic path selection in OR-graphs with application to HAZMAT routing (2002)

Considers the problem of path selection for a generalized HAZMAT routing problem where there are multiple destinations and where there are multiple and nonseparable objectives. This problem may be modeled as an OR-graph where the authors assume that arc cost estimates are given but actual arc cost determination requires some computational effort. To solve this problem the authors use two related algorithms, BU* and DU*, which are guaranteed to terminate with the optimal path given an admissible heuristic set. Computational results indicate that the algorithms' graph-pruning power significantly reduces both the number of arc cost determination steps and node expansion steps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The 5 minute rule for trading memory for disc accesses and the 10 byte rule for trading memory for CPU time (1987)

If an item is accessed frequently enough, it should be main memory resident. For current technology, “frequently enough” means about every five minutes. Along a similar vein, one can frequently trade memory space for CPU time. For example, bits can be packed in a byte at the expense of extra instructions to extract the bits. It makes economic sense to spend ten bytes of main memory to save one instruction per second. These results depend on current price ratios of processors, memory and disc accesses. These ratios are changing and hence the constants in the rules are changing.
A New Enzyme, 5-Ketoglucono-Idono-Reductase (1962)

A New Enzyme, 5-Ketoglucono-Idono-Reductase Get access Yoshimasa Takagi Yoshimasa Takagi The Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 26, Issue 10, 1 October 1962, Pages 719–720, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1962.10858036 Published: 01 October 1962 Article history Received: 07 September 1962 Published: 01 October 1962
Atherosclerotic plaque volume and composition in symptomatic carotid arteries assessed with multidetector CT angiography; relationship with severity of stenosis and cardiovascular risk factors (2009)

The purpose of this study was to examine the volume and the composition of atherosclerotic plaque in symptomatic carotid arteries and to investigate the relationship between these plaque features and the severity of stenosis and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. One hundred patients with cerebrovascular symptoms underwent CT angiography. We measured plaque volume (PV) and the relative contribution of plaque components (calcifications, fibrous tissue, and lipid) in the symptomatic artery. The contribution of different components was measured as the number of voxels within defined ranges of HU values (calcification >130 HU, fibrous tissue 60-130 HU, lipid core <60 HU). Fifty-seven patients had atherosclerotic plaque in the symptomatic carotid artery. The severity of stenosis and PV were moderately correlated. Age and smoking were independently related to PV. Patients with hypercholesterolemia had significantly less lipid and more calcium in their plaques than patients without hypercholesterolemia. Other cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly related to PV or plaque composition. Luminal stenosis of the carotid artery partly reflects the amount of atherosclerotic carotid disease. Plaque volume and plaque composition are associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
Steam stripping for removal of organic pollutants from water. 1. Stripping effectiveness and stripper design (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteam stripping for removal of organic pollutants from water. 1. Stripping effectiveness and stripper designYng Long Hwang, George E. Keller II, and James D. OlsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 7, 1753–1759Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00007a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00007a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1065Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Czochralski Method ‐ where we are 90 years after Jan Czochralski’s invention (2007)

Abstract The Czochralski method, i.e. pulling a crystal from the melt, became the most important technology for the production of large semiconductor (Si, GaAs, InP, GaP …) and optical crystals (oxides, CaF 2 …). The present status is achieved by a profound analysis of the mechanisms of heat and species transport which are relevant for the stability of the Czochralski growth process and the performance of the growing crystal. It was clearly demonstrated in the last few years that modeling by numerical simulation is an indispensable tool to analyze the Czochralski process and to understand the governing mechanisms. The contribution presents examples of this kind of modeling the Czochralski technique in correlation with experimental investigations in order to illustrate the present status of understanding relevant processing phenomena. Furthermore, it is shown what problems need still to be solved in the future in order to further improve the yield and quality of Czochralski‐grown crystals. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use Of Log-Derived Parameters For Completion Design Enhancement In The Medina Formation (1987)

ABSTRACT Production in the Appalachian Basin comes primarily from "tight" gas and oil sands of the Devonian and Silurian period. The primary target in Northwestern Pennsylvania and Southwestern New York is the Lower Silurian Medina Formation. Nearly all of these wells are stimulated by hydraulic fracture treatment. Proper treatment of these wells is critical for economic results; therefore, knowledge of reservoir rock properties to enhance the completion design becomes increasingly important. For improved completion design, measurements of rock mechanical properties need to be obtained. This can be accomplished either with a mini-frac or the use of log values. The optimized completion treatment design would use these properties to accurately determine many important variables including perforation selection, transport fluid type and viscosity, treatment volume and pumping rate, and proppant type and amount (all of which can be related to closure stress). These factors can be determined using the FracHite* Log output of gross fracture height, closure stress gradient, and treatment pressures. This paper will deal with the application of log-derived parameters in modifying completion design strategy in the Medina formation. These modified completions will be compared with the "cookbook" completions as well as the production results of several wells treated with and without these vital parameters.