gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Of Engine Performance Using Methanol Or Dissociated Methanol As The Fuel (1984)

Methanol will react in the presence of a catalyst and decompose into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This is an endothermic reaction in which the lower heating value of the reformed gas is about 20% greater than liquid methanol. Since the reformed gas is hydrogen rich it has the potential to increase the engines brake thermal efficiency and reduce exhaust emission compared to liquid methanol. To explore this possibility a series of dynamometer engine test were conducted to compare the performance of a 100% dissociated methanol fueled engine to a liquid methanol fueled engine. The combustion characteristics of dissociated methanol are similar to pure hydrogen. The low ignition energy requirements resulted in pre-ignition and severe backfires at the mid and high speed--load test points. Data obtained at the low speed-low load points, the area of greatest interest, show some reduction in exhaust emissions and improvements in brake thermal efficiency. Additional testing and/or theoretical analysis is required to determine if the improvements in fuel economy and reduction in exhaust emissions offset the potential problems, complexity and costs of a dissociation reactor system.
Synthesis of fused N-heterocycles utilizing the heterocyclic enamine protocol (2003)

Heterocyclic enamines 1 underwent regioselective C-benzylation and C-benzoylation with obromobenzyl bromide and o-halobenzoyl chloride to yield the corresponding C-benzylated and C-benzoylated heterocyclic enamines 2 and 8, respectively. Subsequent intramolecular substitution reactions of 2 and of 8 led to, respectively, the fused 1,4-dihydroquinolines 3 and quinolin-4-ones 9. The ring size effect of the heterocyclic enamines on the reactivity of both the enaminic carbon and the secondary amine was observed.
Glutamine-dependent NAD+ Synthetase (2006)

Glutamine-dependent NAD(+) synthetase, Qns1, utilizes a glutamine aminotransferase domain to supply ammonia for amidation of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide (NaAD(+)) to NAD(+). Earlier characterization of Qns1 suggested that glutamine consumption exceeds NAD(+) production by 40%. To explore whether Qns1 is systematically wasteful or whether additional features account for this behavior, we performed a careful kinetic and molecular genetic analysis. In fact, Qns1 possesses remarkable properties to reduce waste. The glutaminase active site is stimulated by NaAD(+) more than 50-fold such that glutamine is not appreciably consumed in the absence of NaAD(+). Glutamine consumption exceeds NAD(+) production over the whole range of glutamine and NaAD(+) substrate concentrations with greatest efficiency occurring at saturation of both substrates. Kinetic data coupled with site-directed mutagenesis of amino acids in the predicted ammonia channel indicate that NaAD(+) stimulates the glutaminase active site in the k(cat) term by a synergistic mechanism that does not require ammonia utilization by the NaAD(+) substrate. Six distinct classes of Qns1 mutants that fall within the glutaminase domain and the synthetase domain selectively inhibit components of the coordinated reaction.
What Do You Prefer? Using Preferences to Enhance Learning Technology (2008)

While the growing number of learning resources increases the choice for learners on how, what and when to learn, it also makes it more and more difficult to find the learning resources that best match the learners' preferences and needs. The same applies to learning systems that aim to adapt or recommend suitable courses and learning resources according to a learner's wishes and requirements. Improved representations for a learner's preferences as well as improved search capabilities that take these preferences into account leverage these issues. In this paper, we propose an approach for selecting optimal learning resources based on preference-enabled queries. A preference-enabled query does not only allow for hard constraints (like 'return lectures about Mathematics') but also for soft constraints (such as 'I prefer a course on Monday, but Tuesday is also fine') and therefore allow for a more fine-grained representation of a learner's requirements, interests and wishes. We show how to exploit the representation of learner's wishes and interests with preferences and how to use preferences in order to find optimal learning resources. We present the personal preference search service~(PPSS), which offers significantly enhanced search capabilities for learning resources by taking the learner's detailed preferences into account.
Empirical Assessment of Machine Learning based Software Defect Prediction Techniques (2006)

The wide-variety of real-time software systems, including telecontrol/telepresence systems, robotic systems, and mission planning systems, can entail dynamic code synthesis based on runtime mission-specific requirements and operating conditions. This necessitates the need for dynamic dependability assessment to ensure that these systems perform as specified and not fail in catastrophic ways. One approach in achieving this is to dynamically assess the modules in the synthesized code using software defect prediction techniques. Statistical models; such as stepwise multi-linear regression models and multivariate models, and machine learning approaches, such as artificial neural networks, instance-based reasoning, Bayesian-belief networks, decision trees, and rule inductions, have been investigated for predicting software quality. However, there is still no consensus about the best predictor model for software defects. In this paper; we evaluate different predictor models on four different real-time software defect data sets. The results show that a combination of IR and instance-based learning along with the consistency-based subset evaluation technique provides a relatively better consistency in accuracy prediction compared to other models. The results also show that "size" and "complexity" metrics are not sufficient for accurately predicting real-time software defects.
Lattice constant variations in finely divided magnesium oxide (1969)

The lattice parameter of MgO has been measured as a function of crystallite size at room temperature and at temperatures up to ∼1050°C. Atmosphere has a pronounced effect on lattice parameter, traces of moisture causing lattice dilation. In the absence of water vapour or adsorbed gases a lattice contraction was observed, the magnitude of which increased with decreasing crystallite size. The data obtained in this work have been compared with those predicted theoretically.
CULTURA, LENGUAJE Y MUJER (2002)

Women take a fundamental part in the evolutionary process currently termed by bioanthropologists hominization. In all epochs women have assumed the superv...
Nginx HTTP Server (2010)

Harness the power of Nginx to make the most of your infrastructure and serve pages faster than everAbout This BookDiscover possible interactions between Nginx and Apache to get the best of both worldsLearn to exploit the features offered by NGinx for your web applicationsGet the newest techniques available, designed with the latest version in mindWho This Book Is ForBy covering both the early setup stages and advanced topics, this book suits web administrators who interested in solutions to optimize their infrastructure, whether you are looking into replacing your existing web server software or integrating a new tool to cooperate with applications that are already up and running. If you, your visitors, and your operating system have been disappointed by Apache, this book is exactly what you need.What You Will LearnGet to know the basics of the Nginx configuration: syntax, structure, and semanticsUnderstand the advanced load balancing functionality of Nginx and the newest innovative IO mechanismsCreate virtual host configurations effortlesslyDiscover all the first-party modules: how to enable, configure, and use themEstablish advanced rewrite rules with the Nginx Rewrite moduleSet up Nginx to work with PHP, Python, and more via FastCGIConfigure Nginx to work as frontend for your existing HTTP serverManipulate configuration files with ease and adapt them to various situationsDiscover the common pitfalls and find out how to avoid themIn DetailNginx is a lightweight HTTP server designed for high-traffic websites, with network scalability as the primary objective. With the advent of high speed Internet access, short loading times and fast transfer rates have become a necessity. This free, open source solution will either come as a full replacement of other software such as Apache, or stand in front of your existing infrastructure to improve its overall speed.This book is a detailed guide to setting up Nginx in different ways that correspond to actual production situations: as a standalone server, as a reverse proxy, interacting with applications via FastCGI, and more. In addition, this complete directive reference will be your best friend at all stages of the configuration and maintenance processes.This book is the perfect companion for both Nginx beginners and experienced administrators. For beginners, it will take you through the complete process of setting up this lightweight HTTP server on your system and configuring its various modules so it does exactly what you need quickly and securely. For more experienced administrators, this book provides different approaches that can help you make the most of your current infrastructure. Nginx can be employed in many situations, whether you are looking to construct an entirely new web-serving architecture or simply want to integrate an efficient tool to optimize your site loading speeds.Style and approachThis tutorial-style book includes detailed instructions on each of the processes it describes, as well as step-by-step tutorials, commented configuration sections, and in-depth module descriptions, so you can make the most of the performance potential offered by Nginx.
Fault ride-through capability enhancement of DFIG-based wind turbine with supercapacitor energy storage (2014)

High penetration of wind power into the power grids is subjected to a great limitation due to power fluctuations as well as fault ride-through (FRT) performance of wind turbines. Recently, supercapacitor energy storage devices are successfully used to mitigate the issue of power fluctuations. However, for increasing the effectiveness of using supercapacitors with wind turbine generators, it is proposed in this paper to use them for enhancing FRT capability. The considered wind turbine generator is the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). The supercapacitor is connected at the dc link of the DFIG converters. Simulation studies are performed using PSCAD/EMTDC software. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through the voltage profile, the stator current, and the active and reactive powers. Results verify the superior effect of supercapacitors in improving FRT capability and dynamic behavior of the DFIG-based wind turbine.
Spectrum of Fungal Keratitis at Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (2000)

In contrast to other studies from the northern United States, we found Fusarium sp the most commonly isolated filamentous fungus. In our series, C. albicans was the most frequent cause of fungal keratitis, and a past history of ocular trauma was uncommon.
Effect of Drugs on Catnip (Nepeta cataria)-Induced Pleasure Behavior in Cats (1972)

SUMMARY Cats exposed to stuffed toys sprayed with catnip (Nepeta cataria) extract exhibited pleasurable behavior which was divisible into 6 phases and which terminated in approximately 10 minutes. Preadministered drugs which shortened the response included atropine sulfate, physostigmine, neostigmine, pilocarpine, mecamylamine, methysergide, and pentobarbital. Hexamethonium, amphetamine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, atropine plus methysergide, and diphenylhydantoin abolished the response. The effect of diphenylhydantoin took several weeks to disappear. Response was prolonged by morphine, chlorpromazine, and histidine. Atropine methyl nitrate, N -(2-chloroethyl) dibenzylamine, propranolol, and chlorpheniramine did not affect duration of response. Most drugs and several environmental, physiologic, and psychologic factors altered the response qualitatively. The results indicated peripheral nicotinic and central muscarinic cholinoceptive and serotonergic facilitation of the catnip response, with a prominent voluntary component. Inhibition of response seemingly involved central muscarinic and nicotinic cholinoceptive mechanisms linked with an adrenoceptive component. Interrelationships proposed for these components support current concepts of behavior control. The catnip response may be suited to the study of pleasure behavior and olfaction and may be used as a model of human reactions to marijuana and lysergic acid diethylamide ( lsd ).
Comparing Estimates of Wind Turbine Fatigue Loads Using Time-Domain and Spectral Methods (2007)

Fatigue analysis for wind turbines is typically carried out in the time domain, using cycle counting techniques such as ASTM's Rainflow Cycle-Counting Algorithm. As an alternative, earlier workers investigated the feasibility of estimating wind turbine fatigue loads using spectral techniques such as Dirlik's method to estimate stress range probability distributions that are based on spectral moments of the load in question. The present paper re-examines this approach with a particular view to assessing its limitations and advantages in the context of modern, large-scale wind turbines and design methods. These relative advantages are considered in terms of accuracy, statistical reliability, and efficiency of calculation. Field data on loads from a utility-scale 1.5 MW turbine near Lamar, Colorado in the Colorado Green Wind Farm are analyzed here as a representative example. The results show that valuable and reliable information about tower loads can be obtained very efficiently. By contrast, the limitations of the Dirlik method are highlighted by poor results for edgewise blade loads.
Studies on the amide compounds ofMirabilis. Jalapa. L (2001)

Mirabilis himalaica(Edgew.)Heinerl Var. Chinensis Heimerl belonging to the genus Mirabilis are used in chinese medicine as a remedy for various diseases[1].Its chemical constituents,however, have not been reported so far. we have carried out a detailed chemical investigatigation of the seeds and have isolated two new amides along with three known compounds. The known compounds were identified by comparing their spectral data with those of authentic samples or with those reported in literature as daucosterol[2], bsitoserol[2], boeravinone E[3], in the present note, the structural elucidation of two new amides is reported.
The Roots of Law (2007)

This Article rests on the macrosociological thesis that (i) the concepts and doctrines used in law are determined by the properties of society and that (ii) these properties are produced by large-scale forces. The thesis thus maintains that the content of law is not shaped by the persons who serve as legislators, judges, and executive-branch policymakers; such individuals are merely the vehicles by which societal conditions mold law. To illustrate, the Article examines shifts in law in the United States on a number of subjects, including law setting the age of majority and law regulating access to abortion, and it links these shifts to changes in specific aspects of U.S. society. Data from the 1960 census on the forty-eight coterminous states are analyzed with logistic regression to identify systemlevel properties distinguishing states that liberalized their law on abortion between 1967 and 1972 (i.e., before Roe v. Wade) from states that did not. The regression analysis, in conjunction with time-series data for the nation as a whole, suggests that the liberalization by states and by Roe of lawimposed restrictions on abortion was associated mainly with increases in school enrollment and educational level among young women. This Article advances the premise that long-term growth in the quantity of knowledge broadly affected the American social system and its law, and ascribes the rising prevalence and longer duration of education among women—as antecedents of the liberalization of law on abortion—primarily to the expansion of knowledge. 1 Barnett: The Roots of Law Published by Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law, 2007 614 JOURNAL OF GENDER, SOCIAL POLICY & THE LAW [Vol. 15:4
Improved subsalt imaging using TTI anisotropy and reverse time migration scans (2011)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011Improved subsalt imaging using TTI anisotropy and reverse time migration scansAuthors: Duryodhan EpiliGeorge CloudyJun CaiQuincy ZhangRoy CampSimon Lopez‐MoraDuryodhan EpiliTGS, George CloudyTGS, Jun CaiTGS, Quincy ZhangTGS, Roy CampTGS, and Simon Lopez‐MoraTGShttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.3627699 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract We present an advanced velocity model building and imaging methodology that resulted in significant enhancements in defining the salt flanks with overhangs and subsalt structures. The key technologies used were (a) True Azimuth Multiple Elimination (TAME), (b) Tilted Transverse Isotropy (TTI) model building (FAN), (c) TTI Reverse Time Migration (RTM), (d) RTM Delayed Imaging Time (DIT) scans and (e) post‐migration multiple attenuation. Approximately 39 OCS blocks of the Lena narrow‐azimuth survey located in the Mississippi Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico were imaged. The area was previously imaged with the Vertical Transverse Isotropy (VTI) Kirchhoff migration. Significant improvements have been achieved by reprocessing the same data with the new imaging methodology.Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3627699FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byAppendix C : Bibliography31 July 2019 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2011ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2011 Pages: 4424 Publisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 25 May 2012 CITATION INFORMATION Duryodhan Epili, George Cloudy, Jr., Jun Cai, Quincy Zhang, Roy Camp, and Simon Lopez‐Mora, (2011), "Improved subsalt imaging using TTI anisotropy and reverse time migration scans," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 243-247. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3627699 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Friedrich Engels and Marx's Critique of Political Economy (1997)

Engels' Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy (1843) was the starting point for the major work of Marx for the next four decades, and yet in all of his later writings purporting to represent Marx's views, Engels never gets to grips with those aspects which Marx himself regarded as essential. Since Engels' writings have had such an influence on late readings of Capital, acknowledging this can help us to see what Marx was trying to do.
A novel approach for reducing the area occupied by contact pads on process control chips (1990)

An approach which reduces the number of pads required by electrical test structures is presented. The multiplexed scheme requires only two levels of interconnect and enables more devices to be located in a given area, providing the designer of test structures with more freedom to experiment with structures previously requiring a large number of pads. Applications for transistors, electrical verniers, yield monitoring, reliability evaluations, continuity tests, and measuring the resistance of tracks are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical energy harvesting devices for low frequency applications: Revisited (2013)

With the advancement in low power system technology, energy harvesting systems have become a research hotspot over the last decade. The main advantage of the system is that they require minimum maintenance which makes them to be deployed in large scale or previously inaccessible locations. Therefore, the target of energy harvesting is to power autonomous electronic systems over their lifetime. Mechanical energy is the most ubiquitous and accessible energy source in the surroundings. Harvesting this type of energy exhibits a great potential for remote wireless sensing devices, charging batteries, and powering electronic devices. In this paper, we reviewed self-powered, self-sensing devices which describe different ways of mechanical energy harvesting. Comparison of mechanical energy harvesting devices in terms of their power output and frequency were presented. Self-powered system offers great potential for solving difficult problem of supplying energy.
Cognitive radar: a way of the future (2006)

This article discusses a new idea called cognitive radar. Three ingredients are basic to the constitution of cognitive radar: 1) intelligent signal processing, which builds on learning through interactions of the radar with the surrounding environment; 2) feedback from the receiver to the transmitter, which is a facilitator of intelligence; and 3) preservation of the information content of radar returns, which is realized by the Bayesian approach to target detection through tracking. All three of these ingredients feature in the echo-location system of a bat, which may be viewed as a physical realization (albeit in neurobiological terms) of cognitive radar. Radar is a remote-sensing system that is widely used for surveillance, tracking, and imaging applications, for both civilian and military needs. In this article, we focus on future possibilities of radar with particular emphasis on the issue of cognition. As an illustrative case study along the way, we consider the problem of radar surveillance applied to an ocean environment.
Digital Amplifiers for Analog Power (1978)

A design using highly efficient switchmode power amplifiers enables the engineer to offer extended battery life to portable equipment, reduce heat sinking requirements, and offer considerable energy savings. There are over a million audio amplifiers in the city of Chicago alone. If we could save a mere one watt per amplifier we will have saved over a million valuable watts!
Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiments. (1955)

Summary

Design and analysis of industrial experiments



This paper is based on a lecture on the “Design and Analysis of Industrial Experiments” given by Dr O. L. Davies on the 8th of May 1954 to the Industrial Section of the “Vereniging voor Statistiek”. Production, formulation, and testing are distinguished as three separate fields of chemical activity where experimental designs can be applied, and various numerical examples of such experiments are discussed in detail. They consist of a 23factorial design, a 24half replicate and a 25quarter replicate fractional factorial design, and a three-way classification. In a final section the recent designs developed by Box for the exploration of response surfaces are briefly considered.
Financial Markets and Institutions (1991)

This book describes financial markets and institutions by providing a conceptual framework to understand why markets exist and what their role is in the financial environment. Each type of financial market is described with a focus on its utilization by financial institutions, its internationalization, and recent events that have affected it. Each type of financial institution is described with a focus on its regulatory aspects, management, use of financial markets, and performance. This edition continues its strong tradition of emphasizing timely examples and practical applications, including Internet materials, and offers a unique tie into Internet resources.
Structural interpretation from horizontal seismic sections (1983)

Abstract An event on a Seiscrop section displays local strike, a property which permits direct contouring of a structural surface without any timing and posting. The width of an event on a Seiscrop section is a composition of the frequency of the data and the structural dip. Event terminations indicate faults or other discontinuities when they are transverse to sturctural strike.--Modified journal abstract.