gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rationale-Based, <i>De Novo</i> Design of Dehydrophenylalanine-Containing Antibiotic Peptides and Systematic Modification in Sequence for Enhanced Potency (2011)

Increased microbial drug resistance has generated a global requirement for new anti-infective agents. As part of an effort to develop new, low-molecular-mass peptide antibiotics, we used a rationale-based minimalist approach to design short, nonhemolytic, potent, and broad-spectrum antibiotic peptides with increased serum stability. These peptides were designed to attain an amphipathic structure in helical conformations. VS1 was used as the lead compound, and its properties were compared with three series of derivates obtained by (i) N-terminal amino acid addition, (ii) systematic Trp substitution, and (iii) peptide dendrimerization. The Trp substitution approach underlined the optimized sequence of VS2 in terms of potency, faster membrane permeation, and cost-effectiveness. VS2 (a variant of VS1 with two Trp substitutions) was found to exhibit good antimicrobial activity against both the Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It was also found to have noncytolytic activity and the ability to permeate and depolarize the bacterial membrane. Lysis of the bacterial cell wall and inner membrane by the peptide was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. A combination of small size, the presence of unnatural amino acids, high antimicrobial activity, insignificant hemolysis, and proteolytic resistance provides fundamental information for the de novo design of an antimicrobial peptide useful for the management of infectious disease.
Patient-ventilator interaction: a general model for nonpassive mechanical ventilation (1998)

A general mathematical model for the dynamic behaviour of a single-compartment respiratory system in response to an arbitrary applied inspiratory airway pressure and arbitrary respiratory muscle activity is investigated. The model is used to compute explicit expressions for ventilation and pressure variables of clinical interest for clinician-selected and impedance-determined inputs. The outcome variables include tidal volume, end-expiratory pressure, minute ventilation, mean alveolar pressure, average pleural pressure, as well as the work performed by the ventilator and the respiratory muscles. It is also demonstrated that under suitable conditions, there is a flow reversal that can occur during inspiration.
Energy-Environment Misinformation: The U.N. Needs Help (1997)

(1997). Energy-Environment Misinformation: The U.N. Needs Help. Strategic Planning for Energy and the Environment: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 77-79.
Nutritional Factors Affecting Stress Resistance in the Larval Mahimahi <i>Coryphaena hippurus</i> (1993)

Abstract Recent improvements in enriching Artemia make mahimahi culture possible without using copepods. Mahimahi survive better when cultured copepods Euterpina acutifrons are used, especially when the larvae are under stresses such as high stocking density, cold weather, or the rigors of metamorphosis. This study looked at some differences between copepods and enriched Artemia .This study tested stress resistance by holding postlarval (PL) mahimahi out of water in a hand net for varying periods of time. Recovery from this stress shock was higher in PLs whose diet was higher in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA appeared to play an important role in stress resistance. High eicosapentaenoate (EPA) or high HUFA did not confer stress resistance when DHA levels were low. Copepods contained higher levels of many essential amino acids in addition to higher levels of DHA compared with enriched brine shrimp. Larvae sickened by disease appeared to lose fat, including DHA, but they conserved DHA relative to other fatty acids. Even when sick, mahimahi larvae fed a copepod diet resisted stress better than larvae fed an enriched brine shrimp diet. Optimal Artemia enrichment levels of DHA for mahimahi have not been reached and this may explain why it has been difficult for others to raise this fish consistently. E. acutifrons is relatively easy to culture, but may not be practical for commercial hatcheries, due to low yield (less than 10 g per 100 L per week).
Synthesis and properties of oligodeoxynucleotides with an AP site at a preselected position (1987)

A general synthesis of a deoxyoligonucleotide with an AP site at a preselected sequence is described. Deoxyuridine is introduced during routine oligonucleotide syntheses of d(TTTUTTTT) and d(AAAAGTTUAAAACAT). Treatment with uracil DNA-glycosylase produces d(TTTrTTTT), where r = deoxyribose, and d(AAAAGTTprpAAAACAT). KM and Vmax are: d(TTTUTTTT), 7.3 X 10(-9)M and 2.0 X 10(-9) mumol/min; d(AAAAGTTUAAAACAT), 1.5 X 10(-8) M and 6.4 X 10(-9) mumol/min. Both d(AAAAGTTprpAAAACAT) and d(TTTprpTTTT) undergo rapid beta-elimination in 1 M piperidine at 25 degrees giving two oligonucleotide fragments, d(AAAAGTTpr') and d(pAAAACAT), where r' = -O-CH2-CHOH-CH=CH-CHO (or its hemiacetal form). The fragment, d(AAAAGTTpr'), which can be isolated by reverse phase chromatography, is resistant to the 3'----5' exonuclease activity of snake venom phosphodiesterase. Endonucleolytic hydrolysis of the penultimate phosphodiester occurs removing pTpr' and generating a normal 3'-OH end. In 1 M piperidine at 90 degrees two beta-eliminations occur producing the oligonucleotides d(AAAAGTTp) and d(pAAAACAT) from d(AAAAGTTprpAAAACAT); d(TTTp) and d(pTTTT) from d(TTTprpTTTT).
A compact dual‐band diversity antenna for<scp>WLAN</scp>applications with high isolation (2015)

ABSTRACT A compact dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is presented for wireless local area networks (2.45/5.8 GHz) applications in mobile handsets. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of two planar inverted‐F antennas loaded with inverted J‐shaped slot and inverted L‐shaped slot. The defected ground structure of fork shaped slot is proposed between antenna elements to achieve high port‐to‐port isolation (<−20 dB). The distribution of specific absorption rate (SAR) over 1‐g and 10‐g tissues in human head are also studied for two different positions of the antenna at 2.45/5.8 GHz frequencies through SAR to PEAK location spacing ratio (SPLSR) according to Federal Communication Commission standard. The values of SPLSR are observed over 1‐g of tissues between 0.107 and 0.246 W/kg/cm and 0.304–0.122 W/kg/cm and over 10‐g of tissues between 0.242 and 0.124 W/kg/cm and 0.154 and 0.045 W/kg/cm at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The S‐parameters, surface current distribution, diversity parameters, and radiation patterns are presented. The fabricated prototype are measured and obtained good agreement with simulated results. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:906–912, 2015
Carrier detection in X-linked immunodeficiencies. I: A PCR-based X chromosome inactivation assay at the MAOA locus. (1993)

We developed an X chromosome inactivation PCR assay, based on differential methylation of the 5' CpG island of the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA), close to a highly polymorphic region just downstream of the first exon. The assay provides a method to determine the carrier status of females from pedigrees with X-linked immunodeficiency diseases (XLID).
Clinical and chemical properties of a novel mucosal bioadhesive agent (1988)

Through clinical observations and known chemical properties, this series of studies delineates properties of a new bioadhesive agent available commercially (Zilactin). Using a previously published protocol, we determined that the duration of the film formed on mucosa was not altered after exposure to extremes in temperatures encountered in drinking hot and cold liquids. In addition, through dissection of the agent into several component parts, we were able to determine a specific role for each of the acidic ingredients. It is clear that the solubility of hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel) is altered by esterification of the polymer by tannic and salicylic acids and that boric acid effectively crosslinks these to form Zilactin's characteristic clinical film. Other fine points of the chemical reactions are detailed. These studies are intended to serve as a foundation for the future manipulation and application of this agent in oral mucosal diseases.
Smart fuzzy querying based on user's profile and context: A critical care planning system case study (2015)

Due to the hugeness of information stored in Web-databases, an overload phenomenon is often comes across when looking for sought after data. This phenomenon arises for instance when users, for example potential mobile physicians searching for adequate health care institutions for their patients in emergency cases, submit queries to old-fashioned recommender systems. To overcome this problem, we propose a new type of recommender systems that take both user profile and contextual preferences into account in order to retrieve and provide the best items to users' interrogations. In this work, we use gradual queries which are based on fuzzy sets to model user's preferences and context and a fuzzy inference machine to deduct new preferences. A case study related to a health care retrieval system is used to illustrate our proposal.
Acoustic phonon quantization and low-frequency Raman spectra of spherical viruses (2006)

Low-frequency vibrational modes are calculated using elastic continuum approximation model for spherical viruses immersed in a medium. The blueshift in the vibrational modes is observed with decrease in the virus particle size. To incorporate the effect of surrounding environment, the anisotropic and finite medium is taken into account. The presence of medium significantly affects the Raman peaks representing acoustic modes and results into the linewidth broadening accompanied by damping of modes. The estimated damping constant and quality factor suggest less loss of energy of the fundamental breathing mode in the virus-glycerol configuration. The temperature effect on the virus results into the redshift of the low-frequency Raman peaks with increase in temperature. Significant differences in Raman spectra of wet and dry lysozyme are observed. The conformational changes are more prominent at low temperature for virus-water configuration suggesting that water works as a low energy barrier for conformational changes of spherical virus.
Cholecystokinin causes contraction of the pupillary sphincter in monkeys but not in cats, rabbits, rats and guinea‐pigs: antagonism by lorglumide (1990)

The effects of intracameral injections of cholecystokinin (CCK) on the pupil size were determined in monkeys, cats, rabbits, rats and guinea-pigs. In animals under muscarinic cholinergic blockade, CCK caused miosis in monkeys but not in the other species investigated. In monkeys CCK-8 was more potent than CCK-33, which was, however, much more potent than non-sulphated CCK-8. These observations indicate that peripheral type A receptors mediated the miotic response. The effect of CCK-8 was not appreciably influenced by pretreatment with indomethacin, 3 mg kg-1 body wt, indicating that prostaglandins were not involved in the response. Nerve blockade with 0.9 micrograms tetrodotoxin intracamerally had no clear effect on the dose-response relationship for CCK-8. The effect of the peptide thus seems to be directly on receptors on the pupillary sphincter muscle. Pretreatment with lorglumide caused a dose-dependent rightward shift of the dose-response curve, indicating competitive antagonism. The results indicate that in monkeys, but not in rabbit, cats, rats and guinea-pigs, CCK is a potent miotic with a direct effect on the pupillary sphincter mediated by type A CCK receptors on the muscle.
Real-Time Monitoring and Long-Term Analysis by Means of Embedded Systems. (2011)

Abstract. This paper sketches an interdisciplinary doctoral research. The main contribution is amongst others the combination of existing approaches for realtime monitoring and long-term analysis. This includes data stream management, event condition action rules, complex event processing as well as data mining technologies. As a practical use case we introduce briefly a scenario related to the failure management system of the International Space Station Columbus Module. Our research is based on three main assumptions and we identify five monitoring requirements. Furthermore, we describe a system model that is known as the state space. Here, the state space represents the knowledge about the monitored target system. Additionally, we present a cyclic monitoring process chain that represents a dynamic and flexible monitoring approach. Our proposed monitoring architecture respects the complexity of system monitoring as well as today’s and future monitoring requirements.
Interstitielle Lungenerkrankungen als Berufskrankheit – Exposition – Erkrankung – Röntgenmorphologie (2009)

Pulmonale Berufskrankheiten zählen zu den häufigsten Berufskrankheiten. Neben allergisch und chemisch toxisch irritativ bedingten obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen sowie durch Arbeitsstoffe verursachte Lungenkrebserkrankungen spielen vor allem staubbedingte Erkrankungen wie die Quarzstaublungenerkrankung und die chronische obstruktive Bronchitis und das Emphysem eine bedeutende Rolle. Zahlenmäßig stehen Asbeststaub-bedingte Erkrankungen aufgrund langer Latenzzeiten von 30 und mehr Jahren trotz des Asbestverbots in Deutschland nach wie vor im Vordergrund. Neben Lungen- und Kehlkopfkrebs sowie malignen Mesotheliomen können gutartige Veränderungen an Lunge und/oder Pleura nach Asbestbelastungen auftreten. Gutartige Asbest-bedingte Veränderungen an der Pleura können sich u.a. als parietale und viszerale Pleuraverdickungen (Pleuraplaques) sowie als Ergußverschwartungen manifestieren (sog. Hyalinosis complicata). Die Asbestose ist definiert als asbeststaubbedingte Lungenfibrose.
China: Between Global Responsibilities and Internal Transitions (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction China's Internal Dynamics The Historical Context Managing the Transition to the Obama Presidency China's Rising International Importance China's Internal Transitions The Problem of Taiwan Economic Tension between China and the United States Conclusions Notes
The Early Detection of Fatigue Damage by Exoelectron Emission and Acoustic Emission (1972)

The paper describes the development of nondestructive test methods capable of determining the extent of fatigue damage and providing a means of predicting the future safe life of aerospace materials and structures. The fatigue process of 1100-0 aluminum was studied by means of exoelectron emission and acoustic emission measurements. The exoelectron observations were made in both vacuum and air. The exoelectron emission measurement in vacuum was accomplished by counting the emission events for selected time intervals. The measurements in air were performed using a specially developed current-measuring system with a resolution of 10-15 A. The acoustic emission measurement in air was based on the number of acoustic events occurring in selected time intervals during fatigue. The exoelectron emission curves exhibited an early rapid rise and fall of emission intensity, and again a rapid rise near the end of the test. The initial emission decrease coincided with metallurgically observed changes of surface slipbands. There was also a trend indicative of a stress-independent relationship between the change of exoelectron emission current and the percentage of life after a selected number of fatigue cycles. Analysis of the acoustic emission data showed a marked increase in emission rate in less than 50 percent of the fatigue life of the material.
Lanthanum hexaboride (LaB6) resistivity measurement (1987)

In the development of high-power free-electron lasers, intense electron beams are required. Large area, directly heated lanthanum hexaboride cathodes have been proposed as the electron emitter. To aid in the design of the cathode, the resistivity of lanthanum hexaboride as a function of material density and temperature has been measured.
O PAPEL DA CONTABILIDADE PARA ORGANIZAÇÕES DO TERCEIRO SETOR (2013)

O Terceiro Setor e formado por entidades sem fins lucrativos, que tem como missao suprir as deficiencias do Estado em relacao a prestacao de servicos. Reconhecendo a importância deste setor, o Estado vem concedendo alguns beneficios (imunidade, isencao), porem, hoje e exigida maior transparencia nas informacoes prestadas. Desse modo, o objetivo desse artigo e identificar o papel da contabilidade em uma Associacao e em uma Organizacao da Sociedade Civil de Interesse Publico, consideradas entidades do Terceiro Setor na regiao de Porto Alegre. Este estudo caracteriza-se como estudo de caso comparativo, quanto a coleta de dados, uma pesquisa documental, qualitativa e participante com aplicacao de entrevistas estruturadas. Os resultados apontam que a contabilidade tem um papel muito importante para as duas organizacoes, devendo estar de acordo com a legislacao e normas do Terceiro Setor. Observou-se ainda que a pratica contabil auxilia na elaboracao dos documentos e certidoes exigidos para a formalizacao de um convenio ou contrato. Desse modo, entende-se que a contabilidade e diferenciada dos demais setores. Contudo, percebe-se que tambem precisa cumprir obrigacoes impostas pelo Estado e seus associados, que contribuem para o seu crescimento.
Microbiological Contamination of Bed Linen and Staff Uniforms in a Hospital (2013)

Hospital linen is clearly recognized as a potential reservoir for microorganisms and could be a vector of disease transmission. The aim of this study was to isolate, count and identify fungi and bacteria from different kinds of clean and dirty linen in a hospital. Microbiological samples have been collected on clean bed linen (n = 200), dirty bed linen (n = 192) and staff uniforms (n = 192) by using contact plates. 55% of samples from clean bed linen were contaminated before contact with the patient, with a mean count of 3 cfu/25 cm2 (range: 1-117 cfu) when contaminated. Virtually all samples from dirty bed linen carried microorganisms, with a mean count of 23 cfu/25 cm2 (range 1-191 cfu). In addition, staff hospital uniforms showed the highest contamination rates in the study, with an average of 45 cfu/25 cm2 (range: 1-218 cfu). Microbial species were mostly bacteria commonly found in the environment or on human skin, such as staphylococci or micrococci. Nevertheless, 57% of the identified species may be opportunistic pathogens for humans, representing a risk for people with a deficient or weakened immune system, especially in cases of superinfection. Since contamination of linen seems to occur after washing, actively antimicrobial textiles would represent a valuable measure to prevent textiles from being a vehicle for transfer of microorganisms.
Long-Term Antidepressant Treatments Result in a Tonic Activation of Forebrain 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>Receptors (1998)

We report here the first direct functional evidence of an increase in the tonic activation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors by antidepressant treatments. Because 5-HT1A receptor activation hyperpolarizes and inhibits CA3 pyramidal neurons in the dorsal hippocampus, we determined, using in vivo extracellular recording, whether the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 could disinhibit these neurons. Unexpectedly, no disinhibition could be detected in controls. However, after long-term treatment with the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor paroxetine, the reversible monoamine oxidase-A inhibitor befloxatone, the alpha2-adrenergic antagonist mirtazapine, or the 5-HT1A receptor agonist gepirone or multiple electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration, WAY 100635 markedly increased (60-200%) the firing activity of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Such a disinhibition was absent in rats treated with the nonantidepressant drug chlorpromazine, in rats receiving only one ECS, or in rats receiving multiple ECSs in combination with an intrahippocampal pertussis toxin treatment to inactivate Gi/o-coupled 5-HT1A receptors. These data indicate that such antidepressant treatments, acting on entirely different primary targets, might alleviate depression by enhancing the tonic activation of forebrain postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors.
Centralized data fusion for obstacle and road borders tracking in a collision warning system (2004)

The proposed system, so-called EUCLIDE, is a collision warning and vision enhancement system merging the functionality of a far infrared and mmw radar sensor in order to warn the driver in case of lack of obstacle perception in adverse weather conditions. A centralized fusion scheme is adopted for obstacle and road tracking. A Kalman based curvelinear model predicts drivers' behaviour
A Novel Approach for Unit Commitment Problem via an Effective Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization (2006)

This paper presents a new approach via hybrid particle swarm optimization (HPSO) scheme to solve the unit commitment (UC) problem. HPSO proposed in this paper is a blend of binary particle swarm optimization (BPSO) and real coded particle swarm optimization (RCPSO). The UC problem is handled by BPSO, while RCPSO solves the economic load dispatch problem. Both algorithms are run simultaneously, adjusting their solutions in search of a better solution. Problem formulation of the UC takes into consideration the minimum up and down time constraints, start-up cost, and spinning reserve and is defined as the minimization of the total objective function while satisfying all the associated constraints. Problem formulation, representation, and the simulation results for a ten generator-scheduling problem are presented. Results clearly show that HPSO is very competent in solving the UC problem in comparison to other existing methods.
Two new 19-oxygenated ent-kaurane diterpenoids from lsodon pharicus (2010)

Two new 19-oxygenated ent-kaurane diterpenoids,pharicinins D and E(1 and 2),together with an artifact,pharicinin D acetal (3) were isolated from the leaves of Isodon pharicus.Their structures were determined by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. All of them were evaluated for their cytotoxicity.
Fast Video Segmentation Algorithm With Shadow Cancellation, Global Motion Compensation, and Adaptive Threshold Techniques (2004)

Automatic video segmentation plays an important role in real-time MPEG-4 encoding systems. Several video segmentation algorithms have been proposed; however, most of them are not suitable for real-time applications because of high computation load and many parameters needed to be set in advance. This paper presents a fast video segmentation algorithm for MPEG-4 camera systems. With change detection and background registration techniques, this algorithm can give satisfying segmentation results with low computation load. The processing speed of 40 QCIF frames per second can be achieved on a personal computer with an 800 MHz Pentium-III processor. Besides, it has shadow cancellation mode, which can deal with light changing effect and shadow effect. A fast global motion compensation algorithm is also included in this algorithm to make it applicable in slight moving camera situations. Furthermore, the required parameters can be decided automatically, which can enhance the proposed algorithm to have adaptive threshold ability. It can be integrated into MPEG-4 videophone systems and digital cameras.
A new pseudo-noise generator for spread spectrum communications (2002)

A new method to construct a chaotic generator is presented. It is based on the fact that sea clutter is chaotic, and it can be reconstructed by the use of a supervised neural network. The constructed chaotic sequence generator is then applied to the direct-sequence coherent BPSK communication system as a pseudo-noise generator. Experimental results are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the new pseudo-noise generator are discussed.