gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of illuminant direction, albedo, and shape from shading (1991)

A robust approach to the recovery of shape from shading information is presented. Assuming uniform albedo and Lambertian surface for the imaging model, two methods for estimating the azimuth of the illuminant are presented. One is based on local estimates on smooth patches, and the other method uses shading information along image contours. The elevation of the illuminant and surface albedo are estimated from image statistics, taking into consideration the effect of self-shadowing. With the estimated reflectance map parameters, the authors then compute the surface shape using a procedure that implements the smoothness constraint by requiring the gradients of reconstructed density to be close to the gradients of the input image. The algorithm is data driven, stable, updates the surface slope and height maps simultaneously, and significantly reduces the residual errors in irradiance and integrability terms. A hierarchical implementation of the algorithm is presented. Typical results on synthetic and images are given to illustrate the usefulness of the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ionothermal Synthesis of Oriented Zeolite AEL Films and Their Application as Corrosion‐Resistant Coatings (2007)

Does this coat your airplane? Zeolite coatings on aluminum alloys and other metals are a safe alternative to the commonly used, toxic chromate conversion coating. However, zeolite coatings are usually synthesized in aqueous medium under high pressure. Using an ionothermal method, an oriented SAPO-11 coating on an Al alloy was prepared at ambient pressure using microwave radiation. This coating shows exceptional corrosion resistance.
UNIX Code Management and Distribution (1992)

We describe a code management and distribution system based on tools freely available for the UNIX systems. At the master site, version control is managed with CVS, which is a layer on top of RCS, and distribution is done via NFS mounted file systems. At remote sites, small modifications to CVS provide for interactive transactions with the CVS system at the master site such that remote developers are true peers in the code development process.
Molecular Identification and Functional Characterization of a Novel Protein That Mediates the Attachment of Erythroblasts to Macrophages (1998)

Abstract We have previously identified a novel protein that mediates the attachment of erythroblasts to macrophages in vitro. This attachment promotes terminal maturation and enucleation of erythroblasts (Hanspal and Hanspal, Blood 84:3494, 1994). This protein is referred to here as Emp for erythroblast macrophageprotein. Two immunologically related isoforms of Emp with apparent molecular weights of 33 kD and 36 kD were detected in macrophage membranes. The complete amino acid sequence of the larger isoform of Emp was deduced from the nucleotide sequence of a full-length 2.0-kb cDNA that was isolated from a human macrophage cDNA library using affinity-purified anti-Emp antibodies. Of the 2,005 bp, 1,185 bp encode for 395 amino acids representing 43 kD (the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE] molecular mass is 36 kD). Northern blot analysis of human macrophage poly(A) RNA detected a message for Emp of 2.1 kb. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative transmembrane domain near the N-terminus. To investigate the structure/function relationships of Emp, recombinant fusion proteins of full-length and truncated Emp were produced in bacteria, COS-7, and HeLa cells. Cell binding assays showed that the N-terminus is exposed on the cell surface. The recombinant Emp functions as a cell attachment molecule when expressed in heterologous cells. Furthermore, we showed that the demise of erythroblasts in the absence of Emp-mediated erythroblast-macrophage association is accompanied by apoptosis. We postulate that Emp-mediated contact between erythroblasts and macrophages promotes terminal maturation of erythroid cells by suppressing apoptosis. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
A Deterministic Two Dimensional Density Taper Approach for Fast Design of Uniform Amplitude Pencil Beams Arrays (2011)

The synthesis of electrically large, aperiodic planar arrays with equi-amplitude excitations plays an increasingly relevant role in satellite applications. Unfortunately, for such a kind of synthesis problems, local optimization procedures may be ineffective, whereas global optimization procedures involve a severe computational effort. To circumvent these problems, a new deterministic approach for fast design of aperiodic concentric ring arrays is proposed. The method exploits easily obtained optimal continuous planar solutions, accounts for the geometric properties of the array element and allows, once the central geometry of the array (that is, at least the most internal ring) is fixed, to compute in a deterministic, iterative, very fast way the whole geometry of the density-tapered concentric ring array. Numerical examples show the effectiveness of the method, which provides in a few seconds layouts of hundreds of elements able to produce directivity patterns that satisfy realistic satellite project requirements.
Luminescence of trivalent praseodymium in oxides and fluorides (2002)

Three types of Pr-activated phosphors are studied: those with predominant 5d-4f transitions, those with transitions from the 3 P 0-level, and those with successive transitions from the 1 S 0− and 3 P 0-levels of 4f-configuration. The theoretical-model analysis of a photon cascade emission (PCE) is carried out. The basic properties of host matrixes necessary for PCE detection are ascertained. The spectral and kinetic (luminescence decay) characteristics of a number of Pr-activated oxides and fluorides are measured. SrAlF3:Pr is found to exhibit the best luminescent properties among the phosphors studied. The host matrixes for the continued search for the PCE effect are suggested.
Novel Luminescent Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Diimine Complexes That Contain a Biotin Moiety (2004)

We report the synthesis and photophysical and electrochemical properties of a series of cyclometalated iridium(III) diimine complexes equipped with a biotin moiety [Ir(N−C)2(bpy-en-biotin)](PF6) (HN−C = 2-phenylpyridine, Hppy (1); 2-(4-methylphenyl)pyridine, Hmppy (2); 1-phenylpyrazole, Hppz (3); 3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole, Hmppz (4); 7,8-benzoquinoline, Hbzq (5); 2-phenylquinoline, Hpq (6); bpy-en-biotin = 4-(N-((2-biotinamido)ethyl)aminomethyl)-4'-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine). Upon photoexcitation, complexes 1−6 display intense and long-lived emission in fluid solutions at 298 K and in low-temperature glass. The emission is assigned to a triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (3MLCT) (dπ(Ir) → π*(bpy-en-biotin)) excited state. However, the excited state of complex 6 is likely to possess substantial triplet intraligand (3IL) (π → π*) (pq-) character. We have studied the binding of these iridium(III) biotin complexes to avidin by 4'-hydroxyazobenzene-2-carboxylic acid (HABA) assays, luminescence titrations, and competitive assays using native biotin. Homogeneous competitive assays for biotin have also been designed.
Education in dental anesthesia in the United Kingdom. (1992)

This paper describes the present system of education and training for doctors and dentists providing general anesthesia or conscious sedation for dental treatment in the United Kingdom. The changing pattern of practice in these areas is outlined in the context of a changing medicolegal climate, together with the possibilities for future development.
A Brief Study on the Achievement of Syukuro Manabe, Awardee of 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics (2021)

Manabe Syukuro is well known as a father of climate modeling. He and his colleagues have achieved several important milestones in the research on global warming. In this article, two highly advanced subjects are described. In the early 1960s, he developed a radiative-convective model of the atmosphere and explored the role of greenhouse gases, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and ozone in maintaining and changing the thermal structure of the atmosphere. His study was the beginning of long-term research on global warming. In 1969, Manabe and Bryan published the first results from a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (OAGCM). However, this model used a highly idealized continent-ocean configuration. Results from the first coupled OAGCM with more realistic configurations were published in 1975, which eventually became a very powerful tool for the simulation of global warming.
Human Body Models (2016)

Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and Injury PreventionResearch Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA & Institute for Socialand Health Sciences, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South AfricaStatistical methods are concerned with ways to ‘control’ uncertainty, i.e. reduce variability and reduce sampling uncertainty, in order to understand estimates of characteristics or relationships among quantitative factors in a population. The issues presented in this chapter are meant as an introduction to some of the statistical considerations that engineers, road safety experts and policy makers must take into account as they try to understand the factors involved in reducing the burden of disease from road accidents. The focus is not on presenting specifics of various statistical methodologies, but on providing some understanding of key concepts and principles – basic issues of sampling, probability distributions, understanding uncertainty and variability, common research study designs, and concepts of statistical inference. The unique characteristics of road transport research data are highlighted and their impact on statistical methods is discussed.
Accelerated homologous recombination and subsequent genome modification in <i>Drosophila</i> (2013)

Gene targeting by 'ends-out' homologous recombination enables the deletion of genomic sequences and concurrent introduction of exogenous DNA with base-pair precision without sequence constraint. In Drosophila, this powerful technique has remained laborious and hence seldom implemented. We describe a targeting vector and protocols that achieve this at high frequency and with very few false positives in Drosophila, either with a two-generation crossing scheme or by direct injection in embryos. The frequency of injection-mediated gene targeting can be further increased with CRISPR-induced double-strand breaks within the region to be deleted, thus making homologous recombination almost as easy as conventional transgenesis. Our targeting vector replaces genomic sequences with a multifunctional fragment comprising an easy-to-select genetic marker, a fluorescent reporter, as well as an attP site, which acts as a landing platform for reintegration vectors. These vectors allow the insertion of a variety of transcription reporters or cDNAs to express tagged or mutant isoforms at endogenous levels. In addition, they pave the way for difficult experiments such as tissue-specific allele switching and functional analysis in post-mitotic or polyploid cells. Therefore, our method retains the advantages of homologous recombination while capitalising on the mutagenic power of CRISPR.
Study on speed sensorless control of Brushless Doubly-Fed wind power generator based on flux linkage of the power winding (2012)

The Brushless Doubly-Fed Generator (BDFG), which removes the brush and slip ring, is expected to replace the Doubly-Fed Generator as the main wind power generator in the wind power generator in the future. To overcome the disadvantages on control stability and precision for installed speed sensor in the BDFG vector control system, speed sensorless vector control strategy for BDFG power winding two-axis static coordinate mathematical model based on model reference adaptive speed identification theory by observing power winding flux is presented. A simulation model of control system is established under Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results show that this system can realize speed precise estimation in stationary and dynamical circumstances. Theory and simulation verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the control scheme.
Biochemical and pathomorphological study of potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rat. (2014)

An experiment was conducted to study biochemical and pathomorphological alterations induced by potassium dichromate toxicity.Forty colony bred Albino Wistar strain rats of both sexes, divided uniformly into four equal groups Group A, Group B, Group C, and Group D. Each Group contains five male and five female.Group A rats received only deionised water and served as control.Group B (low dose), Group C (mid dose) and Group D (high dose) rats were given potassium dichromate orally by gavage for 28 days at the rate of 0.625 mg/kg body weight (b.wt.), 1.25 mg/kg b.wt.and 2.5 mg/kg b.wt.respectively.A dose dependant significant rise in plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), creatinine and blood urea nitrogen was observed in treatment group, whereas, a significant decrease in total protein and albumin was observed in treatment group.Histopathological sections of kidney, liver, lung and testes revealed varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhage, degeneration and necrosis in rats of different treatment groups.The present study indicates nephric and hepatic toxicity in albino wistar rats due to potassium dichromate toxicity.
Saddle-point states and energy barriers for vortex entrance and exit in superconducting disks and rings (2001)

The transitions between the different vortex states of thin mesoscopic superconducting disks and rings are studied using the nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau functional. They are saddle points of the free energy representing the energy barrier which has to be overcome for transition between the different vortex states. In small superconducting disks and rings the saddle point state between two giant vortex states, and in larger systems the saddle point state between a multivortex state and a giant vortex state and between two multivortex states is obtained. The shape and the height of the nucleation barrier is investigated for different disk and ring configurations.
Application of Digital Recording to Simultaneous Collection in Mass Spectrometry (1965)

A commercial five-figure integrating voltmeter-ratiometer and digital printer have been incorporated into the measuring circuit of a conventional simultaneous ion collection mass spectrometer. The ratio of two ion currents is printed to five figures. Increased precision and ease of measurement are among the advantages realized.
THE FRONTAL LOBES AND ANGUISH* (1952)

*Sigma Xi Lecture, given at Temple University, November 20, 1950 and at Stanford University, May 25, 1951. †From the Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University.
Prearrest predictors of survival following in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a meta-analysis. (1992)

The identification of prearrest variables that are associated with decreased survival following CPR will assist clinicians when they counsel their patients regarding do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders. In addition, the further refinement of a predictive tool such as the modified Pre-Arrest Morbidity Index can help clinicians to identify patients for whom CPR is futile. Such an instrument must be validated on an independent data set before it can be considered for clinical application.
Movie Analysis Based on Roles' Social Network (2007)

Roles in a movie form a small society and their interrelationship provides clues for movie understanding. Based on this observation, we present a new viewpoint to perform semantic movie analysis. Through checking the co-occurrence of roles in different scenes, we construct a roles' social network to describe their relationships. We introduce the concept of social network analysis to elaborately identify leading roles and the hidden communities. With the results of community identification, we perform storyline detection that facilitates more flexible movie browsing and higher-level movie analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed community identification method is accurate and is robust to errors.
Utility servers in charlotte (1991)

Abstract Most distributed operating systems are built with a kernel replicated in each machine that supports only basic interprocess communication (IPC) and process control. All other system services, such as memory management, file system, and name service, are distributed in a set of utility servers, which are ordinary processes (except perhaps for some privileges) residing at various machines. Design and implementation of such utility servers in distributed environments are far different from those in a centralized system. This paper presents our experience in building utility servers in Charlotte, a message‐based distributed operating system running on a loosely‐coupled multicomputer. Utility services in Charlotte are provided by server squads. Each member in a squad covers services to its own community. The squad as a whole co‐operatively provides services to the entire system. These servers are designed with the goals of simplicity, efficiency and robustness. They are intended to support a multiprogramming system for the development of distributed algorithms and other distributed applications. We address several major issues in developing a utility server, including the server structure, the management of message buffers, deadlock, and the robustness of server processes. Several utility servers in the Charlotte system are discussed as real examples.
<i>Science Translational Medicine</i> Podcast: 11 May 2011 (2011)

A conversation with Ronald D. Cohn about a new use for the FDA-approved drug losartan to treat sarcopenia.
PHENOTYPE AND HISTOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INTERSTITIAL DENDRITIC CELLS IN THE RAT PANCREAS, LIVER, HEART, AND KIDNEY (1984)

The phenotype and the histological distribution of interstitial dendritic cells was investigated in the rat pancreas, liver, heart, and kidney by immunoperoxidase techniques. Monoclonal antibodies, directed against lymphocyte differentiation antigens (W3/25, W3/13, and Ox8) or against Ia antigens, revealed distinct phenotypes of these cells in all organs investigated--namely W3/25+Ia- dendritic cells, W3/25+Ia+ cells, and a small W3/25-Ia+ population. In the kidney cortex a W3/25+W3/13+ population was additionally shown. Interestingly, the phenotypically distinct cell populations also differed in their topographical distribution: W3/25+Ia+ cells were evenly scattered in the interstitium of the endocrine and exocrine pancreas, heart, and kidney. In contrast, W3/25+Ia- cells showed an additional predilection for connective tissue septa in the exocrine pancreas and for the kidney medulla. In the liver, phagocytic Kupffer cells were W3/25+Ia-, whereas the W3/25+Ia+ nonphagocytic dendritic cell population resided periportally and around central veins. These results show a marked heterogeneity of interstitial dendritic cells in the rat, which is discussed in terms of different cell lines or different activation or maturation stages of one single cell type.
Neutron lab hits second target (2008)

In ancient Egyptian mythology, Isis was the mother goddess from whom all beginnings arose. Although the ISIS facility at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire, UK, has no connections with ancient Egypt, it was so named because it marked the beginning for the field of "pulsed neutron science". Completed in 1984, ISIS remains Europe's only source of pulsed neutron beams and currently has over 20 beamlines that cater for a range of experiments from condensed-matter physics to biomedicine. Some 9000 papers have been published in the last 20 years based on work carried at the facility.
Iloprost and cisaprost for Raynaud's phenomenon in progressive systemic sclerosis (1998)

Intravenous Iloprost is effective in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to scleroderma at decreasing the frequency and severity of attacks and preventing or healing digital ulcers. The effect seems to be prolonged after the intravenous infusion is given. Oral Iloprost may have less efficacy than intravenous Iloprost. However, Cisaprost has minimal or no efficacy when given orally for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to scleroderma.
Dessy : desktop search and synchronization (2009)

Current smartphones have a storage capacity of several gigabytes. More and more information is stored on mobile devices. To meet the challenge of information organization, we turn to desktop search. Users often possess multiple devices, and synchronize (subsets of) information between them. This makes file synchronization more important. This thesis presents Dessy, a desktop search and synchronization framework for mobile devices. Dessy uses desktop search techniques, such as indexing, query and index term stemming, and search relevance ranking. Dessy finds files by their content, metadata, and context information. For example, PDF files may be found by their author, subject, title, or text. EXIF data of JPEG files may be used in finding them. User–defined tags can be added to files to organize and retrieve them later. Retrieved files are ranked according to their relevance to the search query. The Dessy prototype uses the BM25 ranking function, used widely in information retrieval. Dessy provides an interface for locating files for both users and applications. Dessy is closely integrated with the Syxaw file synchronizer, which provides efficient file and metadata synchronization, optimizing network usage. Dessy supports synchronization of search results, individual files, and directory trees. It allows finding and synchronizing files that reside on remote computers, or the Internet. Dessy is designed to solve the problem of efficient mobile desktop search and synchronization, also supporting remote and Internet search. Remote searches may be carried out offline using a downloaded index, or while connected to the remote machine on a weak network. To secure user data, transmissions between the Dessy client and server are encrypted using symmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption keys are exchanged with RSA key exchange. Dessy emphasizes extensibility. Also the cryptography can be extended. Users may tag their files with context tags and control custom file metadata. Adding new indexed file types, metadata fields, ranking methods, and index types is easy. Finding files is done with virtual directories, which are views into the user's files, browseable by regular file managers. On mobile devices, the Dessy GUI provides easy access to the search and synchronization system. This thesis includes results of Dessy synchronization and search experiments, including power usage measurements. Finally, Dessy has been designed with mobility and device constraints in mind. It requires only MIDP 2.0 Mobile Java with FileConnection support, and Java 1.5 on desktop machines.