gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Deformation on the Properties of Emulsion Grains (1982)

Emulsion grains have been deformed by bending an emulsion layer coated on film, and the effects of deformation on the dispersity ol photolytic silver and on the number and distribution of development centres have been studied. The observations show thai a major effect of such treatment is to increase the number of sues within a grain at which silver specks can be nucleated.The usual sensitomelric effect of such changes is to increase sensitivity on internal-image development at the expense of sensitivity on surface-image or conventional development. However, it is shown that surface desensitizalion may be accompanied sometimes by internal desensitization rather than sensitization. The internal desensitization can be attributed to competition between the increased number of internal sensitivity centres. Support for this view was obtained from the fact that changes in the effect of deformation on storage prior to exposure (decrease of surface desensitization. decrease of internal sensitization or desensitization I were associated with a reduction in the number of centres ,il which internal silver could be nucleated.A further effect of deformation noted with coatings of lodohromide emulsions (but probably general with respect to halide) is to decrease the luminescence intensity at low temperatures, particularly at low intensities of excitation, and to increase the time required for luminescence to reach maximum intensity. These observations show that deformation introduces new recombination centres and electron traps into emulsion grains The connection between the effects of deformation on sensitomelric properties and luminescence properties have been studied as a function of grain size and chemical sensitization in a series of animoniacal emulsions. The findings confirmed that damage to the grains is responsible for the loss of sensitivity on conventional development, and that chemical sensitization, though reducing desensitization hv deformation, has no influence on the grain disorder introduced by this latter treatment. 11 is thought unlikely that the new recombination centres play any significant part in the desensitization by deformation of emulsions chemically sensitized so as lo be al or near optimal speed, but some contribution would appear feasible in the case of emulsions at a low level of sensitization.
Assessment of voltage stability and real and reactive margins using advanced analytical tools (2003)

This paper describes the assessment of steady-state voltage stability and real and reactive margins using advanced network analysis tools. These software tools can systematically identify voltage instability or collapse in a power system following disturbances or contingencies, and calculate corresponding real and reactive margins. The tools have been applied in the planning and operational studies of a Western US power system in accordance with its voltage stability criteria.
Transforming growth factor‐<i>β</i>3 (Tgf‐<i>β</i>3) down‐regulates Tgf‐<i>β</i> receptor type I (T<i>β</i>r‐I) during rescue of cranial sutures from osseous obliteration (2002)

Appropriate biochemical regulation of intramembranous bone growth from sutures is necessary to achieve correct craniofacial morphology. Failure to form sutures (agenesis) or to maintain sutures in their unossified state (craniosynostosis) can result in severe facial dysmorphology. Several factors such as Twist, Msx2, fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs), bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps) and transforming growth factors-beta (Tgf-betas) regulate suture patency, likely by interacting with one another. Tgf-beta2 and Tgf-beta3 use the same cell surface receptors, yet have opposite effects on suture patency, cellular proliferation and apoptosis within the suture. One possible mechanism by which Tgf-beta3 rescues sutures from obliteration is by regulating the ability of suture cells to respond to Tgf-beta2. As Tgf-beta3 does not regulate protein levels of Tgf-beta2 in sutures, Tgf-beta3 could regulate tissue responsiveness to Tgf-beta2 by regulating Tgf-beta2 access to receptors. Tgf-beta3 is a more potent competitor than Tgf-beta2 for cell surface receptors, so it is proposed that Tgf-beta3 binds to and down-regulates Tgf-beta receptor type I (Tbetar-I) expression by suture cells. This down-regulation would limit the ability of cells to respond to all Tgf-betas, including Tgf-beta2. To test this hypothesis, an in vitro culture model was used in which fetal rat sutures either remain patent or are induced to fuse when cultured in the presence or absence of dura mater, respectively. Tgf-beta3 was added to cultured calvaria and changes in the number of receptor positive cells within the suture were established. Data were compared with that seen in control sutures and in normal sutures in vivo. It was found that the numbers of cells expressing Tbetar-I within the suture matrix increased over time in sutures remaining patent. Osteoblastic cells lining the bone fronts on either side of sutures were Tbetar-I positive during early morphogenesis, but these numbers declined as sutures fused, both in vivo and in vitro. Addition of Tgf-beta3 to calvaria in culture decreased the number of Tbetar-I expressing cells in both fusing and non-fusing sutures, with dramatic decreases in the numbers of osteoblasts expressing Tbetar-I.
Improvements in a dc reactive sputtering system for coating tubes (1977)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation G. L. Harding; Improvements in a dc reactive sputtering system for coating tubes. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 November 1977; 14 (6): 1313–1315. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.569379 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Investigation and control of a hybrid asymmetric multi-level inverter for medium-voltage applications (2003)

Power-electronic inverters are becoming popular for various industrial drives applications. In recent years also high-power and medium-voltage drive applications have been installed. However, the existing solutions suffer from some important drawbacks. Hybrid asymmetric multi-level inverters promise significant improvements for medium-voltage applications. This dissertation investigates such a hybrid inverter. To simplify the topology, some inverter parts are deprived of their feeding from the net and can only supply reactive power. The non-supplied intermediate-circuit capacitor voltages are inherently unstable and require a suitable control method for converter operation, preferably without influence on the load. Apart from normal operation, also converter start-up is an issue to consider, for which it is desirable to limit additional equipment. In this dissertation, we investigate the behaviour of this new inverter, and develop methods to obtain its reliable operation for the considered applications. These methods include modulation, voltage stabilization and start-up. We establish suitable models for their foundation. The principle achievement of this work is the development of a control method to stabilize a multitude of capacitor voltages which have no equilibrium state. Power balancing is performed by varying the common-mode output voltage, using a non-linear model-predictive controller. This method, which is new to power electronics, is applied to our hybrid asymmetric nine-level inverter driving an asynchronous motor. Computer simulations and measurements on an experimental drive system demonstrate stable behaviour in steady-state and during transients over the whole operating range. The obtained results prove the possible implementation of such a complex control algorithm for fast real-time operation. As second important accomplishment, this thesis proposes a start-up method that charges the non-supplied intermediate-circuit capacitors in parallel with the supplied ones, without additional equipment. Measurements show its successful application in the investigated drive system.
The Competitive Oxidation of Cumene and Tetralin<sup>1,2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Competitive Oxidation of Cumene and Tetralin1,2Glen A. RussellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 17, 4583–4590Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01622a042Request reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (938 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Making men, making class: The YMCA and workingmen, 1877-1920 (2003)

During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the United States transformed from an essentially agrarian society into an urban, industrialized economy. In Making Men, Making Class, Thomas Winter explores the impact of these profound changes on constructions of manhood, using the YMCA's new efforts to reach out to railroad and industrial workers as a case study. Starting in the 1870s, the leaders (secretaries) of the YMCA sought to reduce political radicalism and labor unrest by instilling new ideals of manliness among workers. By involving workingmen in a range of activities on the job and off, the YMCA hoped to foster team spirit, moral conduct, and new standards of manhood that would avoid conflict and instead encourage cooperation along the lines of a Christian, pious manliness. In their efforts to make better men, the secretaries of the YMCA also crafted new ideals of middle-class manliness for themselves that involved a sense of mission and social purpose. In doing so, they ended up making class, too, as they began to speak a language of manhood structured by class differences.
Neurophilosophical perspectives of neuroimaging in forensic psychiatry—giving way to a paradigm shift? (2008)

Forensic psychiatry is concerned with the relationship between psychiatric abnormalities and legal violations and crimes. Due to the lack of available biological criteria, evaluation and therapy in forensic psychiatry have so far been restricted to psychosocial and mental criteria of offenders' personalities. Recent advances in neurosciences allow a closer approach to the neural correlates of personality, moral judgments and decision-making. We propose to discuss the introduction of biological criteria in the field of forensic psychiatry and to establish rules as to what extent such biological criteria will be a better and more reliable choice in judging mentally ill criminals by using all available information that can be obtained by biological means. Psychosocial and subjective criteria in forensic evaluation will be more and more accomplished by biopsychosocial and objective criteria. The responsibility of having committed a criminal act will no longer be exclusively defined by judging free and voluntary decision-making, but rather by brain-behavior relationships. What is often referred to as psychosocially determined mental processes thus could be complemented by estimating the degree of biopsychosocially determined neural processes. We conclude that such a process could contribute to a paradigm shift in forensic psychiatry, which will have profound implications for offenders, forensic psychologists and psychiatrists, the law and society in general.
Variable Emission Factor Prediction Model for An Air Quality Assessment of Transportation Projects (2011)

In this study, a model is developed to predict emission factors, which aims to objectively evaluate the impact of transport projects on air quality. Two emission prediction models for the years of 2015 and 2030 are developed using the historical trends in vehicle aging and vehicle deterioration factors. The analysis results show that the emission factors under the operating speed of 30km/h for the year 2030 are 5~37% and 2~83% less than those used in the current studies for passenger cars and bus/trucks, respectively. The statistically validated experiment results demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model to evaluation of the impact of transport policies on air quality.
Compositional Compiler Verification for a Multi-Language World (2016)

Verified compilers are typically proved correct under severe restrictions on what the compiler's output may be linked with, from no linking at all to linking only with code compiled from the same source language. Such assumptions contradict the reality of how we use these compilers since most software systems today are comprised of components written in different languages compiled by different compilers to a common target, as well as low-level libraries that may be handwritten in the target language. The key challenge in verifying compilers for today's world of multi-language software is how to formally state a compiler correctness theorem that is compositional along two dimensions. First, the theorem must guarantee correct compilation of components while allowing compiled code to be composed (linked) with target-language components of arbitrary provenance, including those compiled from other languages. Second, the theorem must support verification of multi-pass compilers by composing correctness proofs for individual passes. In this talk, I will describe a methodology for verifying compositional compiler correctness for a higher-order typed language and discuss the challenges that lie ahead. I will argue that compositional compiler correctness is, in essence, a language interoperability problem: for viable solutions in the long term, high-level languages must be equipped with principled foreign-function interfaces that specify safe interoperability between high-level and low-level components, and between more precisely and less precisely typed code.
Electroanalysis and biosensors (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectroanalysis and biosensorsJoseph. WangCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 12, 487–492Publication Date (Print):June 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00108a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00108a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Chemistry of 7-Aminoindoline and Certain Pyrrolo- and Pyrido[1,2,3-de]quinoxalines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of 7-Aminoindoline and Certain Pyrrolo- and Pyrido[1,2,3-de]quinoxalinesAlfred Richardson Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 8, 2589–2593Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01019a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01019a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development, calibration and experimental results obtained with an innovative calorimeter (CALMOS) for nuclear heating measurements (2011)

Nuclear heating inside an MTR reactor has to be known in order to be able to control samples temperature during irradiation experiments. An R&D program has been carried out at CEA to design a new type of in-core calorimetric system. This new development, started in 2002, has for main objective to manufacture a calorimeter suitable to monitoring nuclear heating inside the 70 MWth OSIRIS material testing reactor operated by CEA's Nuclear Energy Division at the Saclay research center. An innovative calorimetric probe, associated to a specific handling system, has been designed to provide access to measurements both along the fissile height and on the upper part of the core, where nuclear heating still remains high. Two mock-ups of the probe were manufactured and tested in 2005 and 2009 in ex-core area of OSIRIS reactor for process validation, while a displacement system has been especially studied to move the probe along a given axial measurement range. This paper deals with the development, tests on preliminary mock-ups and the finalization of the probe. Main modeling and experimental results are presented. Moreover, alternative methods to calibration for nuclear heating rate measurements which are now possible with this new calorimeter are presented and discussed.
Acoustic properties of a crack containing magmatic or hydrothermal fluids (2000)

We estimate the acoustic properties of a crack containing magmatic or hydrothermal fluids to quantify the source properties of long‐period (LP) events observed in volcanic areas assuming that a crack‐like structure is the source of LP events. The tails of synthetic waveforms obtained from a model of a fluid‐driven crack are analyzed by the Sompi method to determine the complex frequencies of one of the modes of crack resonance over a wide range of the model parameters α/ a and ρ f /ρ s , where αis the P wave velocity of the rock matrix, a is the sound speed of the fluid, and ρ f and p s are the densities of the fluid and rock matrix, respectively. The quality factor due to radiation loss ( Q r ) for the selected mode almost monotonically increases with increasing α/ a , while the dimensionless frequency ( v ) of the mode decreases with increasing α/ a and ρ f /ρ s . These results are used to estimate Q and v for a crack containing various types of fluids (gas‐gas mixtures, liquid‐gas mixtures, and dusty and misty gases) for values of a , ρ f , and quality factor due to intrinsic losses ( Q i ) appropriate for these types of fluids, in which Q is given by Q −l = Q r −l + Q i −1 . For a crack containing such fluids, we obtain Q ranging from almost unity to several hundred, which consistently explains the wide variety of quality factors measured in LP events observed at various volcanoes. We underscore the importance of dusty and misty gases containing small‐size particles with radii around 1 μm to explain long‐lasting oscillations with Q significantly larger than 100. Our results may provide a basis for the interpretation of spatial and temporal variations in the observed complex frequencies of LP events in terms of fluid compositions beneath volcanoes.
Autoconfiguration for IP networking: enabling local communication (2001)

IP hosts and network infrastructure have historically been difficult to configure, but emerging networking protocols promise to enable hosts to establish IP networks without prior configuration or network services. Even very simple devices with few computing resources will be able to communicate via standard protocols wherever they are attached. Current IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) standardization efforts, such as those in the Zeroconf Working Group, aim to make this form of networking simple and inexpensive. In this tutorial, I examine the background, current status and future prospects for zero-configuration networking.
Synthesis and Neurotropic Activity of Novel Quinoline Derivatives (1997)

Hydroxyalkyl and carboxyalkyl derivatives of silatetrahydroisoquinoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline and tetrahydroquinoline have been synthesized. Their neurotropic activity has been investigated.
Kinetics and mechanism of pyrite formation at low temperatures (1975)

Reactive iron enrichment in sediments deposited beneath euxinic bottom waters: constraints on supply by shelf recycling
[Effect of rheumatoid arthritis associated HLA-DRbeta1 subtypes on protein kinase A signaling]. (2001)

RA-associated HLA-DRbeta(1) (*)0401 and (*)0404 expression suppressed intracellular PKA signaling pathway, and may mediate abnormal intracellular signaling in rheumatoid arthritis.
Identification and analysis of polymer additives using packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography with APCI mass spectrometric detection (1998)

Packed-column supercritical fluid chromatography (pSFC) with detection using atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) mass spectrometry (MS) provides a versatile method for the detection and quantification of 20 polymer additives, including common antioxidants, light stabilisers and slip agents. Using MS with APCI in both positive and negative ion modes both molecular mass data and informative fragmentation patterns were obtained. The pSFC-MS technique was shown to be linear over a wide concentration range (0.05–25 µg ml–1) and picogram limits of detection with positive ion APCI (single ion monitoring) were determined for Tinuvin 327 (68 pg) and Irganox 1010 (390 pg). The corresponding figures for negative ion APCI were 150 and 470 pg, respectively. Standard mixtures of additives could be separated in less than 15 min with a high degree of resolution. Experiments on additives extracted from polyethylene confirmed these observations, and it was possible not only to identify a number of the additives, but also, in the case of the antioxidant Irgafos 168, an oxidation product.