gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Properties of Resin Composite Materials Relative to Biofilm Formation (2007)

The surface properties of three different resin composite materials which influence Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation were evaluated using an artificial mouth system (AMS). Specimens were prepared from Clearfil AP-X, Grandio, and Reactmer Paste, and each material was divided into two groups: (1) surface was ground with 800-grit silicon paper (SiC#800); or (2) surface was polished with up to 1- microm diamond paste (DP1 microm). Biofilms were grown on the surface of each specimen for 20 hours, and then subjected to vortex agitation followed by measurement of retained biofilms. Surfaces with retained biofilms were also inspected by SEM. Significant differences were detected in surface roughness (Ra) between the two polishing conditions for all materials. The quantity of retained biofilm was significantly less (p < 0.05) on Clearfil AP-X DP 1 microm than on Clearfil AP-X SiC#800. With Reactmer Paste, their surfaces registered the lowest amount of retained biofilm--but there were no significant differences between the two polishing conditions. In conclusion, polishing did not render all resin composites equally resistant to biofilm formation.
Pulsed excimer and CO2 laser processing for fabrication of ZnO and SiC devices (1984)

Both ZnO and SIC are wide band gap (Eg ≳ 3-eV) semiconductors (ρ ~ 1 Ω-cm) having relatively high melting points (~2000 and ~2700°C for ZnO and SiC, respectively). However, both are volatile and sublime at lower temperatures (~1700 and ~2000 and ~2700°C for ZnO and SiC, respectively). In pure form, ZnO and SiC are transparent in the visible and thus are not candidates for pulsed laser processing (PLP) with visible or near-IR lasers. However, both absorb strongly (α ≈ 105 cm−1) in the near UV, and both have reststrahlen absorption bands near 10 μm (α ≈ 102 and 104 cm−1 for ZnO and SiC, respectively). Thus both excimer and CO2 lasers are potentially useful for PLP of ZnO and SiC. Moreover, the coupling of laser radiation to these materials is fundamentally different for CO2 and excimer lasers: UV radiation couples to the electronic system via transitions across the band gap, while CO2 radiation couples directly into the crystal lattice.
The new methods of treatment for age-related macular degeneration using the ultra-short pulsed laser (2007)

The non-invasive methods of treatments have been studying for the improvement of quality of life (QOL) of patients undergoing treatment. A photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the non-invasive treatments. PDT is the methods of treatment using combination of a laser and a photosensitizer. PDT has few risks for patients. Furthermore, PDT enables function preservation of a disease part. PDT has been used for early cancer till now, but in late years it is applied for age-related macular degeneration (AMD). AMD is one of the causes of vision loss in older people. However, PDT for AMD does not produce the best improvement in visual acuity. The skin photosensivity by an absorption characteristic of a photosensitizer is avoided. We examined new PDT using combination of an ultra-short pulsed laser and indocyanine green (ICG).
Using Sybil Identities for Primary User Emulation and Byzantine Attacks in DSA Networks (2011)

In this paper, we investigate a new type of denialof- service attack in dynamic spectrum access networks - Sybilenabled attack. In this attack, the attacker not only launches the primary user emulation (PUE) attacks but also creates and infiltrates multiple Sybil identities to compromise the decision making process of the secondary network via Byzantine attacks. We implement this attack in our cognitive radio testbed to show its feasibility and attack impact. We further analyze the optimal attack strategy from the perspective of the malicious attacker, i.e., the optimal allocation of Sybil interfaces for different attacks, to maximize the impact on the secondary network. The attack models are analyzed under two different scenarios: with and without a reputation system in the network fusion center. Numerical analysis and simulations are conducted to solve the optimal attack strategy and demonstrate the impact of attacks on the secondary network.
Reasons for persistent disability in Guillain-Barre syndrome (1993)

The reasons for persistent disability in 10 Guillain-Barre syndrome patients were investigated. Patients were assessed between 11 and 35 months after disease onset with impairment, disability and handicap scales, a standard neurological examination and nerve conduction studies. All patients showed persistent limb weakness which affected independence in self-care in three patients and the pursuit of leisure and work activities in eight patients. The implications for clinical practice are discussed.
Expression of Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 in experimentally infected humans (2005)

In conclusion, the results presented here support the hypothesis that parasites causing severe malaria express a subset of PfEMP1, which bestows high parasite growth rates in individuals with limited pre-existing immunity.
Solid-phase synthesis of 2,4-diaminoquinazolines (2000)

A highly efficient and versatile solid-phase synthesis of 2,4-diaminoquinazoline library from 2,4-dichloroquinazolines and amines using 3,5-dimethoxy 4-formylphenoxy-polystyrene resin is described.
Combining Structural and Electrochemical Analysis of Electrodes Using Micro-Computed Tomography and a Microfluidic Fuel Cell (2012)

Detailed investigation of the relationship between the physical structure and electrochemical activity of state-of-the-art fuel cell electrodes is a critical, yet often poorly reported or proprietary, step in the manufacturing of cheaper and more durable configurations. Here we demonstrate the utility of X-ray micro-computed tomography (MicroCT) for detailed characterization of the architecture and buried interfaces of fuel cell electrodes in a non-destructive fashion. We employ a combined thresholding and filament tracing based analytical protocol for image analysis which enables more accurate quantification of GDE structures as compared to previously-used thresholding-only methods. Furthermore, we report on a methodology of combining in-situ electrochemical analysis in a microfluidic fuel cell and ex-situ structural analysis in a MicroCT which enables direct correlation of changes in electrode performance to changes in physical structure, in this case, porosity. As a demonstration, the effects of electrode compression are investigated. We observed that both subtle shifts in structure in the microporous and catalyst layers at low compression pressures (<1 × 103 lbf) and more drastic structural densification of the macroporous carbon fiber layer at moderate compression pressures (≥1 × 103 lbf) impact electrode performance.
EXACT SOLITON SOLUTIONS IN A PERIODICALLY TWISTED BIREFRINGENT FIBER (1992)

We have obtained exact soliton solutions for a more general case of biréfringent couplers. To our knowledge this represents the most general solution to date of this kind. In addition, we describe aspects of their interesting physical behavior.
A microdischarge device with a long active length (2002)

Microhollow cathode discharge devices are very suitable for the generation of stable DC glow discharges in high pressure excimer laser gases. Strong XeCl excimer emission at 308 nm is reported. However the active length of these devices is limited to a few hundreds of micrometers resulting in a gain-length product that is too small to obtain laser operation. We present a new configuration of a microdischarge device that allows the extension of the discharge length up to tens of cm's. In this device stable DC glow discharges are generated between the anode and a slit in the cathode. A specific power deposition (volume averaged) of up to 120 kW/cm3 is obtained. The electrical characteristics as well as the XeCl fluorescence from He:Xe:HCl gas mixtures up to 1 bar total pressure are studied for different input powers and slit widths. The optimum small signal gain coefficient is estimated to be in the order of 0.05
Amino acid dysbalance in liver failure is favourably influenced by recirculating albumin dialysis (MARS) (2002)

MARS enables an elevation of a pathologically decreased Fischer's Index as well as a reduction of systemic tryptophan levels in patients with liver failure. The effects of MARS on plasma amino acid dysbalance may contribute to an improvement of hepatic encephalopathy.
Prediction of gas solubility in ionic liquids using COSMOtherm (2008)

International audience
New developments on automated-active circuits for permittivity measurements at microwave frequencies (1989)

The complex permittivities of porous ceramics made up of zirconium and silicon oxides having pore diameters from 0.9 to 5 mu m and filled with water are measured by computer-aided testing (CAT) while each sample is heated by microwave power. The complex dielectric permittivity is calculated by the well-known cavity perturbation formulas and the cavity measurements are obtained by the automated active cavity perturbation technique operated at high power levels (20 W). Automated weight measurements on the samples during testing makes it possible to accurately relate the permittivity values to the residual moisture in the heated samples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction of VSC and salivary bacteria by a multibenefit mouthrinse (2008)

To evaluate the effectiveness of a multibenefit mouthrinse containing 0.05% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and 0.025% sodium fluoride in reducing volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels and total cultivable salivary bacteria, at both 4 h and overnight. In vitro analysis of efficacy was performed using saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disc substrates first treated with the mouthrinse, then exposed to whole human saliva, followed by overnight incubation in air-tight vials. Headspace VSC was quantified by gas chromatography (GC). A clinical evaluation was conducted with 14 subjects using a crossover design. After a seven-day washout period, baseline clinical measurement of VSC was performed by GC analysis of mouth air sampled in the morning prior to eating, drinking or performing any oral hygiene. A 10 mL saline rinse was used to sample and enumerate cultivable salivary bacterial levels via serial dilution and plating. Subjects were instructed to use the treatment rinse twice daily in combination with a controlled brushing regimen. After one week the subjects returned in the morning prior to eating, drinking or performing oral hygiene to provide samples of overnight mouth air and salivary bacteria. The subjects were then immediately rinsed with the test product, and provided additional mouth air and saliva rinse samples 4 h later. A multibenefit rinse containing 0.05% CPC and 0.025% sodium fluoride was found to reduce VSC in vitro by 52%. The rinse also demonstrated a significant clinical reduction in breath VSC (p < 0.05) of 55.8% at 4 h and 23.4% overnight relative to baseline VSC levels. At both time points, the multibenefit rinse was more effective than the control; this difference was statistically significant at the overnight time point (p < 0.05). Total cultivable salivary bacteria levels were also reduced significantly (p < 0.05) at 4 h and overnight by this mouthrinse compared to baseline levels and the control. A multibenefit mouthrinse was shown to reduce in vitro VSC levels via headspace analysis and clinically at the 4 h and overnight time points. A significant reduction in total cultivable salivary bacteria was also observed at all time points, supporting the VSC data.
Improving Energy Efficiency in QoS-Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

In this paper, a heuristic approach is proposed to solve the problem of supporting both energy efficiency and quality of service (QoS) in time division multiple access (TDMA) based wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The proposed approach consists of a linear cross-layer optimization model and a slot reuse based TDMA scheduling algorithm, which are jointly inter-connected through a hop distance/slot reuse control parameter. Compared to existing approaches, both the analysis and simulation results show that the proposed approach provides more choices in deriving the optimal solution, which achieves significant power savings and competitive QoS support.
Serine/threonine protein kinase SGK1 in glucocorticoid-dependent transdifferentiation of pancreatic acinar cells to hepatocytes (2011)

Elevated glucocorticoid levels result in the transdifferentiation of pancreatic acinar cells into hepatocytes through a process that requires a transient repression of WNT signalling upstream of the induction of C/EBP-β. However, the mechanism by which glucocorticoid interacts with WNT signalling is unknown. A screen of microarray data showed that the serine/threonine protein kinase SGK1 (serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1) was markedly induced in the model B-13 pancreatic rat acinar cell line after glucocorticoid treatment (which converts them into hepatocyte-like 'B-13/H' cells) and this was confirmed at the level of mRNA (notably an alternatively transcribed SGK1C form) and protein. Knockdown of SGK1 using an siRNA designed to target all variant transcripts inhibited glucocorticoid-dependent transdifferentiation, whereas overexpression of the human C isoform (and also the human SGK1F isoform, for which no orthologue in the rat has been identified) alone - but not the wild-type A form - inhibited distal WNT signalling Tcf/Lef transcription factor activity, and converted B-13 cells into B-13/H cells. These effects were lost when the kinase functions of SGK1C and SGK1F were mutated. Inhibition of SGK1 kinase activity also inhibited glucocorticoid-dependent transdifferentiation. Expression of SGK1C and SGK1F resulted in the appearance of phosphorylated β-catenin, and recombinant SGK1 was shown to directly phosphorylate purified β-catenin in vitro in an ATP-dependent reaction. These data therefore demonstrate a crucial role for SGK1 induction in B-13 cell transdifferentiation to B-13/H hepatocytes and suggest that direct phosphorylation of β-catenin by SGK1C represents the mechanism of crosstalk between glucocorticoid and WNT signalling pathways.
k-colored Point-set Embeddability of Outerplanar Graphs (2008)

This paper addresses the problem of designing drawing algorithms that receive as input a planar graph G, a partitioning of the vertices of G into k different semantic categories V0..., Vk-1, and k disjoint sets S0 ..., Sk-1 of points in the plane with |Vi| = |Si| (i ∈ {0 ..., k - 1}). The desired output is a planar drawing such that the vertices of Vi are mapped onto the points of Si and such that the curve complexity of the edges (i.e. the number of bends along each edge) is kept small. Particular attention is devoted to outerplanar graphs, for which lower and upper bounds on the number of bends in the drawings are established.
Optical adaptive equalization of high-speed signals using time-domain optical Fourier transformation (2006)

This paper describes a new distortion-free optical transmission method that can eliminate any kind of linear perturbation including jitter, polarization-mode dispersion, and higher order dispersion as well as time-varying dispersion. This method uses transform-limited pulses and time-domain optical Fourier transformation (OFT). With this technique, particular attention is given to the spectral envelope profile of the transmitted signal, which is unchanged regardless of the type and magnitude of the linear perturbation in the transmission fiber. OFT converts the unchanged spectral profile into the time domain and allows to obtain undistorted original waveforms at the output. Experimental and analytical results to show the effectiveness of this method are presented, especially when the method is applied to high-speed signals up to 160 Gb/s, which are sensitive to both higher order and time-varying dispersions. This paper also describes a new all-optical time-domain Fourier transformation technique that uses an optical parabolic pulse. This technique is promising, with a view to improving the elimination of distortion at 160 Gb/s and above.
A Madagascar Sponge <i>Batzella </i>sp<i>. </i>as a Source of Alkylated Iminosugars (2005)

Three new C-alkylated iminosugars, batzellasides A (3), B (4), and C (5), along with the known halitoxin (2) polymer were isolated from a Batzella sp. sponge, collected off the west coast of Madagascar. Although this class of azasugars is well known from terrestrial sources, our report represents the first examples of iminosugars from a marine organism. Comparison with the properties of known natural and synthetic iminosugars assisted in the structure determinations. Compounds 3-5 inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis with MICs of < or =6.3 microg/mL.
Fluorination of an Alumina Surface: Modeling Aluminum–Fluorine Reaction Mechanisms (2017)

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to examine exothermic surface chemistry between alumina and four fluorinated, fragmented molecules representing species from decomposing fluoropolymers: F<sup>-</sup>, HF, CH<sub>3</sub>F, and CF<sub>4</sub>. The analysis has strong implications for the reactivity of aluminum (Al) particles passivated by an alumina shell. It was hypothesized that the alumina surface structure could be transformed due to hydrogen bonding effects from the environment that promote surface reactions with fluorinated species. In this study, the alumina surface was analyzed using model clusters as isolated systems embedded in a polar environment (i.e., acetone). The conductor-like screening model (COSMO) was used to mimic environmental effects on the alumina surface. Four defect models for specific active -OH sites were investigated including two terminal hydroxyl groups and two hydroxyl bridge groups. Reactions involving terminal bonds produce more energy than bridge bonds. Also, surface exothermic reactions between terminal -OH bonds and fluorinated species produce energy in decreasing order with the following reactant species: CF<sub>4</sub> > HF > CH<sub>3</sub>F. Additionally, experiments were performed on aluminum powders using thermal equilibrium analysis techniques that complement the calculations. Consistently, the experimental results show a linear relationship between surface exothermic reactions and the main fluorination reaction for Al powders. These results connect molecular level reaction kinetics to macroscopic measurements of surface energy and show that optimizing energy available in surface reactions linearly correlates to maximizing energy in the main reaction.
Sodium‐Ammonia Reductions in N‐Heteroaromatic Chemistry. Protodehalogenation and Protodealkylation of Sulphur Containing Pyrimidines, Pyridazines and S‐Triazines (1970)

Abstract The Birch reduction of chloro‐pyrimidine, ‐pyridazine and ‐s‐triazine derivatives bearing a prototropic substituent gives the corresponding dehalogenated compounds in good yields. Methylthio‐ and ethylthio‐substituents undergo a reductive cleavage: 4‐amino‐6‐methylthiopyrimidine (II) and 2,4‐bis‐diethylamino‐6‐ethylthio‐s‐triazine (III) are converted to the corresponding mercapto compounds. Moreover, the sodium‐ammonia reagent is able to remove a chlorine atom from a molecule containing a mercapto or alkylthio substituent; the efficiency of this reaction is shown by the one step reduction of 4‐amino‐6‐chloro‐2‐methylthiopyrimidine (VI) and 3‐chloro‐6‐mercaptopyridazine (VII) to the corresponding dehalogenated mercaptans in 66 and 58% yield, respectively.
PP2A Inhibitors, Harzianic Acid and Related Compounds Produced by Fungus Strain F‐1531. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Platinum(II)‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Polyfluoroaryl Imines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Permanganate Oxidation of 1,5,9‐Trienes: Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuran‐Containing Fragments. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Working Range and Design of a Static Constant-Current Transformer (1968)

The subject of the paper is a novel constant-current device. A given constant-current transformer entails limitations on the stabilized current, on the load resistance for a given stabilized current, on the counter EMF, and on the supply voltage; these limitations are analyzed and relevant design relations are established. A universal normalized design diagram is derived and plotted. A design example is worked out in detail using the theoretical expressions derived. The theoretical relations are compared to experimental ones obtained from tests on many constant-current devices.
Noise Benchmarking of the Detroit Diesel DD15 Engine (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Several new or significantly upgraded heavy duty truck engines are being introduced in the North American market. One important aspect of these new or revised engines is their noise characteristics. This paper describes the noise related characteristics of the new DD15 engine, and compares them to other competitive heavy truck engines. DD15 engine features relevant to noise include a rear gear train, isolated oil pan and valve cover, and an amplified high pressure common rail fuel system. The transition between non-amplified and amplified common rail operation is shown to have a significant noise impact, not unlike the transition between pilot injection and single shot injection in some other engines.</div></div>
Cubic new compound in the Ba-Ca-Cu-O system: Preliminary phase relationships (1990)

We have identified a new compound in the Ba-Ca-Cu-O phase diagram with a composition close to Ba{sub 4}CaCu{sub 3}O{sub x}. Single-crystal x-ray diffraction reveals that is phase crystallizes in an ordered cell based on a cubic perovskite framework, but with doubled unit cell constants. The compound, which is not superconducting, has also been characterized via powder x-ray and neutron diffraction. In addition, we report some preliminary tie-line relationships to and near Ba{sub 4}CaCu{sub 3}O{sub x} in the Ba-Ca-Cu-O phase diagram and reactions of Ba{sub 4}CaCu{sub 3}O{sub x} with Tl{sub 2}O{sub 3}. 5 refs., 2 figs.
Automation of the Tritium Extraction Facility (1999)

The US Department of Energy has determined its future requirements for tritium will be met using the existing reactors of the Tennessee Valley Authority. Tritium Producing Burnable Absorber Rods (TPBARs) will replace the existing burnable absorber rods in the reactor core to beneficially use excess neutrons to create the tritium. The irradiated TPBARs will be shipped from the reactor to a new facility at the Savannah River Site. This new facility, the Tritium Extraction Facility (TEF), will receive the shipments from the reactor, store the TPBARs, prepare the TPBARs for tritium extraction, extract the tritium, and package the waste for disposal. The high level of gamma radiation emitted from the TPBARs will preclude human contact. Automation and remote handling will be used to accomplish the required operations, while minimizing radiation exposure to workers.
Simple determination of workpiece–focal-point window tolerances in laser-material processing (1979)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. W. Draper and J. W. Benko, "Simple determination of workpiece–focal-point window tolerances in laser-material processing," Appl. Opt. 18, 3205-3207 (1979) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article