gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Penicillinase Paper Strip Test for Detection of Beta-Lactamase-Producing <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (1977)

A modified 1-min iodometric paper strip test for penicillinase activity was developed for detection of beta-lactamase-producing isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The test is simple to perform and uses reagent-impregnated strips that may be stored for 1 year or more prior to use.
High-speed measurements for optical telecommunication systems (2006)

The field of high-speed measurements for optical telecommunication systems is reviewed. An emphasis is placed on diagnostics evaluating the temporal electric field of light, i.e., broadly speaking, those that temporally resolve the shape of the optical wave in these systems. Sensitivity to the electric field can be obtained via sampling techniques operating directly in the time domain or via indirect approaches. A survey of characterization techniques used to measure statistical representations of data-encoded sources and complete representations of periodic sources is presented and complemented by the description of experimental implementations and results
An evaluation of some assumptions underlying the articulation index (1984)

The purposes of this investigation were to derive measurement and calculation procedures for the articulation index (AI) that were as precise and accurate as possible, and to evaluate the significance of the differences in assumptions made by early investigators. A nonsense syllable test specifically designed for this application was recorded. The implications of various assumptions utilized in different approaches to predicting speech sound identification were tested using 13 different conditions which differed with respect to filtering, level of interfering noise, or level of the speech signal. The listeners were three normal hearing individuals. A set of preferred assumptions was chosen based on a post hoc evaluation of the data. Predictions of speech sound identification were good, both for the average listener and for individual listeners.
Occurrence of cyclosporins and cyclosporin-like peptolides in fungi (1996)

Apart from 17 previously listed fungal taxa producing cyclosporin A and its natural congeners B to Z, several additional and taxonomically diverse strains producing the single novel component [Thr2,Leu%Leul~ or cyclosporin-iike peptolides (eg SDZ 214-103 = [Thr2,LeuS,D-HivS,Leul~ have recently been described. We report here the isolation of two further and novel cyclosporins, [Thr2,Leu%Alal~ (2J and [Thr2,11eS]cyclosporin (3), from strains classified as Acremonium luzulae (Fuckel) W Gams and Leptostroma anamorph of Hypoderma eucalyptii Cooke & Harkn, respectively, in both new strains the usual pattern of cyclosporins A to Z is not found. The structure elucidations of 2 and 3 are based on NMR spectroscopy, and biological data (immunosuppressive activity, cyclophilin-binding affinity and antifungal effects) are presented.
Reducing lung function decline in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: potential of nintedanib (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic lung disease with no clear etiology and a paucity of therapeutic options. Nintedanib (previously known as BIBF 1120) is a tyrosine kinase receptor antagonist which inhibits a number of key receptors, including those for platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). These growth factors are profibrotic and each has been investigated as a potential standalone therapeutic target in IPF. Simultaneous inhibition of these receptors, with an analog of nintedanib, has proved to be effective in experimental animal models of pulmonary fibrosis. This observation, together with extensive safety and pharmacokinetic data from studies of nintedanib in malignancy, paved the way for the clinical development of this drug in IPF. The Phase IIb TOMORROW trial demonstrated that treatment with nintedanib may potentially slow decline in lung function, decrease the frequency of acute exacerbations, and improve quality of life in patients with IPF. While these observations are drawn from a single clinical trial, taken together with the preclinical data they suggest that nintedanib may yet become an important therapeutic option for individuals with IPF. The results of ongoing parallel, international, multicenter Phase III clinical trials are therefore eagerly awaited.
Myopathy associated with anti–signal recognition peptide antibodies: Clinical heterogeneity contrasts with stereotyped histopathology (2006)

We report three patients with anti-signal recognition particle antibodies who had different presenting clinical pictures, mimicking acute polymyositis, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, and acute rhabdomyolysis. Muscle biopsies typically showed necrotizing myopathy with little or no inflammation and deposits of membrane attack complex (C5b-9) in endomysial capillaries. The clinical course was severe in two patients and mild in one. The combination of corticosteroid with either an immunosuppressive agent or intravenous immunoglobulins was required to improve the condition of these patients.
Towards a molecular understandingof Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes (1999)

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) and Angelman syndrome (AS) are two distinct neurological disorders that map to human chromosome 15q11-q13 and involve perturbations of imprinted gene expression. PWS is caused by a deficiency of paternal gene expression and AS is caused by a deficiency of maternal gene expression. Experiments in the last year have focused on molecular analysis of the human chromosomal region as well as the homologous region on central mouse chromosome 7. New transcripts and exons have been identified and the epigenetic status of the PWS/AS region in mice and humans has been examined. The imprinting center that is hypothesized to control the switch between the maternal and paternal epigenotypes has also been characterized in greater detail and a mouse model that deletes the homologous element demonstrates a conservation in imprinting center function between mice and humans. In addition, analysis of non-deletion AS patients has revealed that UBE3A intragenic mutations are found in a significant number of cases. However, both human patients and mouse model systems indicate that other genes may also contribute to the AS phenotype. Thus, although much has been learned in the last year, considerable information is still required before these complex syndromes are fully understood.
Energy regenerative tuned mass dampers in high-rise buildings (2017)

This study investigates a novel energy regenerative tuned mass damper (TMD) with dual functions—vibration control and energy harvesting—in a high-rise building. The energy regenerative TMD consists of a pendulum-type TMD, an electromagnetic damper, and an energy-harvesting circuit. A simple optimal design method for energy regenerative TMD is proposed, in which a fixed duty-cycle buck-boost converter is employed as the energy-harvesting circuit to optimize the energy-harvesting efficiency and damping coefficient of the TMD. This study is organized into two main tasks: (a) characterizing and modeling the energy regenerative TMD through laboratory testing of a scaled prototype and (b) evaluating the vibration control and energy-harvesting performance of the energy regenerative TMD when applied in a 76-story wind-excited benchmark building in consideration of the nonlinearities in the energy regenerative TMD. The simulations reveal that the harvested electric power averages from hundreds of watts to kilowatts level when the mean wind speed ranges 8–25 m/s. Meanwhile, the building vibration is mitigated with the control performance comparable to the optimally designed passive TMD in a wide range of wind speed. The results in this study clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the dual-function energy regenerative TMD when applied to building structures.
Computerized blood-flow evaluation in vascular surgeries with a CW Doppler (1988)

The main difficulty found in vascular surgery is reliable evaluation of intraoperatory performance of vascular prosthesis in patients with vascular diseases. A system is proposed which uses CW Doppler ultrasonic equipment. The ultrasonic transducer is fixed on arteries and/or prosthesis using a special device, developed by the authors for on-site blood flow evaluation. A 16-bit microcomputer connected to the ultrasonic system digitalizes, stores in a circular memory, and processes a series of 12 signals chosen on screen by the keyboard, using functions also developed here. The signals are summed, using the peak of the QRS complex as trigger, to obtain the average result. Special software was developed to detect the QRS peak and calculate some parameters. All the results, including the averaged curve, are shown on the screen.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
(<i>E</i>)- and (<i>Z</i>)-7-Arylidenenaltrexones:  Synthesis and Opioid Receptor Radioligand Displacement Assays (1997)

The E-isomer of 7-benzylidenenaltrexone (BNTX, la) was reported by Portoghese as a highly selective delta-opioid antagonist. The corresponding Z-isomer 1b was not readily available through direct aldol condensation of naltrexone (6) with benzaldehyde. Using the photochemical methods employed by Lewis to isomerize cinnamamides, we have obtained Z-isomer 1b in good yield from E-isomer 1a. A series of (E)- and (Z)-7-arylidenenaltrexone derivatives was prepared to study the effect of larger arylidene groups on opioid receptor affinity in this series. By aldol condensation of naltrexone (6) with benzaldehyde, 1-naphthaldehyde, 2-naphthaldehyde, 4-phenylbenzaldehyde, and 9-anthracaldehyde, the (E)-arylidenes were readily obtained. Photochemical isomerization afforded the corresponding Z-isomers. These compounds were evaluated via opioid receptor radioligand displacement assays. In these assays, the Z-isomers generally had higher affinity and were more delta-selective than the corresponding E-isomers. The (Z)-7-(1-naphthylidene)naltrexone (3b) showed the greatest selectivity (delta:mu ratio of 15) and highest affinity delta-binding (Ki = 0.7 nM). PM3 semiempirical geometry optimizations suggest a significant role for the orientation of the arylidene substituent in the binding affinity and delta-receptor selectivity. This work demonstrates that larger groups may be incorporated into the arylidene portion of the molecule with opioid receptor affinity being retained.
Long term risks of stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death in "low risk" patients with a non-recent transient ischaemic attack (2003)

The overall risk of major vascular events remains high for 10 to 15 years after a TIA. It is important therefore that preventive treatments are continued in the long term, even in apparently "low risk" patients who have already survived free of stroke for several years.
Simplified Rate-Distortion Optimized Quantization for HEVC (2018)

Rate-distortion optimized quantization (RDOQ) is shown to provide significant coding gain in HEVC but it also suffers from huge computational complexity. In this paper, we simplify the RDOQ tool in HEVC by enforcing more zero levels at high frequency locations without sacrificing coding efficiency much. First, we analyze the properties of each quantized level at different frequency locations. Subsequently, we set the quantized level of value 1 to 0 at specified high frequency locations to save the RDOQ processing time. In addition, a smaller round offset for quantization is adaptively used to minimize coding loss at high frequency locations. Our scheme is shown to reduce total quantization time by an average of 15.6% with only 0.01% loss in BDBR under the all intra coding configuration, and 13.17% of average time saving with 0.07% BDBR loss under the Random Access configuration.
Serenoa repens: Does it have any role in the management of androgenetic alopecia? (2009)

Serenoa repens is one among the many naturally occurring 5 alpha reductase (5aR) inhibitors which has gained popularity as a magical remedy for androgenetic alopecia. It is widely advertised on the web and sold by direct marketing. Used as a self-medication, there is a risk of missing the early detection of prostate cancer. There is little evidence to support its efficacy, warranting larger clinical trials on androgenetic alopecia.
Vacuum Drying of Mango Pulp (2004)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords: Vacuum dryingGlass transition temperatureSticky point temperatureHygroscopicityDegree of cakingDispersibilityFlowability
Antibiotics for Bacterial Vaginosis or Trichomonas vaginalis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review (2005)

Contrary to the conclusions of 3 recent systematic reviews, we found no evidence to support the use of antibiotic treatment for bacterial vaginosis or Trichomonas vaginalis in pregnancy to reduce the risk of preterm birth or its associated morbidities in low- or high-risk women.
[Inhibition of kallikrein from human plasma by salivary gland secretion and extracts of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis]. (1988)

It has been shown for the first time that the salivary gland secretion of the medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis) contains a human blood plasma kallikrein inhibitor which is capable of blocking the amidolytic activity of the enzyme in an irreversible manner (with D-Pro-Phe-Arg-pNA as substrate) and which also suppresses the kininogenase activity of kallikrein. The inhibition of the amidolytic activity of highly purified kallikrein preparations from human blood plasma obeys the pseudo-first order kinetics. The experimental results suggest that in the salivary-gland secretion of H. medicinalis the inhibitor concentration exceeds by one order of magnitude that in whole leech homogenate extracts, which indicates that the inhibitor biosynthesis may be localized in leech salivary glands.
Further Investigation and Initial Clinical Use of Advanced CT Display Capability (1975)

The AUR Memorial Award Paper (this issue, pp. 403-416) described a technique for providing thin transverse CT sections and for redisplaying this transverse CT data as coronal or sagittal anatomic planes. This paper presents additional experience with cadaver models and the results of initial applications of the method to data obtained from living patients. The technique potentially enhances the clinical usefulness of CT scanning by providing precise triangulation and resolution of normal and abnormal structures.
Research Advances in Preparation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculants (2016)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi( AMF) can enhance plant stress resistance against biological and abiotic factors,playing an important role in increasing crop yield and reducing pesticide use. It is also of great development potential in agriculture,horticulture,forestry and environmental remediation. We summarized preparation of AMF inoculants from the components of inoculant preparation system,including mycorrhizal fungi,host plants,culture matrix and nutrition,and pointed out the direction and prospect of inoculants market in the future.
A digital flying extensometer for temper rollins mills (1958)

STEEL STRIP is extremely hard after it has been cold rolled and it must then be softened by annealing. The next production process in the manufacture of tinplate is temper rolling. Temper mills are used to produce the desired surface finish in the strip with acceptable flatness plus the desired mechanical properties. The latter refers mainly to the elimination of a surface defect known as “stretcher-strain” markings which can occur in pressed-steel products. The tendency to this type of defect is directly related to the amount of yield-point elongation. If the steel can be subjected to a small amount of cold working this defect can be eliminated. The effect of various amounts of cold reduction upon the yield-point stress and the stress-strain relationship is shown in Fig. 1. It will be noted that with an extension of as little as 1.0% the yield point can be entirely suppressed.
Increased Sensitivity of Immunofluorescent Assay for <i>Salmonella</i> in Nonfat Dry Milk (1969)

The necessity of developing a quick, sensitive, and reliable test for Salmonella in nonfat dry milk (NDM) is evident from the recent tracing of Salmonella outbreaks to this product. Normally, coagulation of casein occurs when assaying NDM under regular cultural conditions, raising the possibility of trapped bacteria. After 20 hr of incubation of NDM in preenrichment lactose broth, enrichment was achieved by using Selenite-Cystine Broth. Smears from the enrichment broth were examined by the fluorescent-antibody technique (FAT) with a commercially available polyvalent O globulin conjugated with fluorescein. Standard cultural methods (SCM) were performed for comparison with FAT. Sensitivity of FAT was definitely improved by the use of trypsin. Casein coagulation of NDM can be avoided by addition of trypsin to samples during initial preenrichment in lactose broth. Samples containing approximately one Salmonella per 10 g were easily detected by FAT with the use of trypsin-treated samples. The method required only 42 hr to complete. Additionally, the use of trypsin enhanced recovery of Salmonella by use of SCM, as evidenced by alteration in the observed coliform to Salmonella ratios.
Aerodynamic Shape Optimization Based on Free-Form Deformation (2004)

This paper presents a free-form deformation technique suitable for aerodynamic shape optimization. Because the proposed technique is independent of grid topology, we can treat structured and unstructured computational fluid dynamics grids in the same manner. The proposed technique is an alternative shape parameterization technique to a trivariate volume technique. It retains the flexibility and freedom of trivariate volumes for CFD shape optimization, but it uses a bivariate surface representation. This reduces the number of design variables by an order of magnitude, and it provides much better control for surface shape changes. The proposed technique is simple, compact, and efficient. The analytical sensitivity derivatives are independent of the design variables and are easily computed for use in a gradient-based optimization. The paper includes the complete formulation and aerodynamics shape optimization results.
Gettering of metal impurities in silicon by fast neutron irradiation (2002)

Some irradiated defects were introduced into p-type CZ Si by fast-neutron irradiation, they interact with oxygen in CZ Si during high temperature annealing, enhance the oxygen out-diffusion on the wafer surface and promote the precipitation of oxygen in the silicon bulk. Utilizing the combination of fast-neutron irradiation and intrinsic gettering (IG), a new excellent gettering technology only with one-step high temperature heat-treatment was invented, instead of multistep processing in conventional IG technology. With our new gettering technology, the metal impurities (Fe,Ni) on the surface of p-type <111>-oriented CZSi wafers was efficiently inhibited.
The genes involved in production of and immunity to sakacin A, a bacteriocin from Lactobacillus sake Lb706 (1995)

Sakacin A is a small, heat-stable, antilisterial bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake Lb706. The nucleotide sequence of a 8,668-bp fragment, shown to contain all information necessary for sakacin A production and immunity, was determined. The sequence revealed the presence of two divergently transcribed operons. The first encompassed the structural gene sapA (previously designated sakA) and saiA, which encoded a putative peptide of 90 amino acid residues. The second encompassed sapK (previously designated sakB), sapR, sapT, and sapE. sapK and sapR presumably encoded a histidine kinase and a response regulator with marked similarities to the AgrB/AgrA type of two-component signal-transducing systems. The putative SapT and SapE proteins shared similarity with the Escherichia coli hemolysin A-like signal sequence-independent transport systems. SapT was the HlyB analog with homology to bacterial ATP-binding cassette exporters implicated in bacteriocin transport. Frameshift mutations and deletion analyses showed that sapK and sapR were necessary for both production and immunity, whereas sapT and sapE were necessary for production but not for immunity. The putative SaiA peptide was shown to be involved in the immunity to sakacin A. The region between the operons contained IS1163, a recently described L. sake insertion element. IS1163 did not appear to be involved in expression of the sap genes. Northern (RNA) blot analysis revealed that the putative SapK/SapR system probably acts as a transcriptional activator on both operons. A 35-bp sequence, present upstream of the putative sapA promoter, and a similar sequence (30 of 35 nucleotides identical) upstream of sapK were shown to be necessary for proper expression and could thus be possible targets for transcriptional activation.
Sensitivity to abscisic acid of guard-cell K+ channels is suppressed by abi1-1, a mutant Arabidopsis gene encoding a putative protein phosphatase. (1995)

Abscisic acid (ABA) modulates the activities of three major classes of ion channels--inward- and outward-rectifying K+ channels (IK,in and IK,out, respectively) and anion channels--at the guard-cell plasma membrane to achieve a net efflux of osmotica and stomatal closure. Disruption of ABA sensitivity in wilty abi1-1 mutants of Arabidopsis and evidence that this gene encodes a protein phosphatase suggest that protein (de)-phosphorylation contributes to guard-cell transport control by ABA. To pinpoint the role of ABI1, the abi1-1 dominant mutant allele was stably transformed into Nicotiana benthamiana and its influence on IK,in, IK,out, and the anion channels was monitored in guard cells under voltage clamp. Compared with guard cells from wild-type and vector-transformed control plants, expression of the abi1-1 gene was associated with 2- to 6-fold reductions in IK,out and an insensitivity of both IK,in and IK,out to 20 microM ABA. In contrast, no differences between control and abi1-1 transgenic plants were observed in the anion current or its response to ABA. Parallel measurements of intracellular pH (pHi) using the fluorescent dye 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5-(and -6)-carboxyfluorescein (BCECF) in every case showed a 0.15- to 0.2-pH-unit alkalinization in ABA, demonstrating that the transgene was without effect on the pHi signal that mediates in ABA-evoked K+ channel control. In guard cells from the abi1-1 transformants, normal sensitivity of both K+ channels to and stomatal closure in ABA was recovered in the presence of 100 microM H7 and 0.5 microM staurosporine, both broad-range protein kinase antagonists. These results demonstrate an aberrant K+ channel behavior--including channel insensitivity to ABA-dependent alkalinization of pHi--as a major consequence of abi1-1 action and implicate AB11 as part of a phosphatase/kinase pathway that modulates the sensitivity of guard-cell K+ channels to ABA-evoked signal cascades.
Defining canonical-signed-digit number systems as arithmetic codes (2003)

The canonical-signed-digit (CSD) number system is widely used to represent filter coefficients for filter implementation using efficient addition/subtraction networks for the multiplication of 2's complement input signals. Higher radix CSD has been proposed for dramatic reduction of terms that must be combined. In this paper, we redefine CSD and radix-4 CSD as arithmetic codes. By defining these number representations using the well-known theory of arithmetic coding, we provide the opportunity to transfer techniques from one field to another.