gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokinins and fruit development in the kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia deliciosa</i>). I. Changes during fruit development (1996)

The cytokinin content in fruit tissue of the kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.] C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson var. deliciosa cv. Hayward) was monitored during fruit development to identify which cytokinins were present and if they were linked with specific stages of fruit growth. Cytokinins were isolated and purified by column chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography and quantified by radioimmunoassay. A novel HPLC step utilising an amine column was successfully introduced as a preparative step in the separation of the O ‐ and 9‐glucosides from the free bases and ribosides. The radioimmunoassay results were validated, and the different cytokinins identified, by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Cytokinins detected in fruit included the cytokinin free bases, zeatin and isopentenyladenine, their ribosides, nucleotides and both O ‐ and 9‐glucosides. Both qualitative and quantitative changes of the cytokinins occurred during fruit development. A decrease in cytokinin concentration occurred after anthesis (from 342 pmol g −1 fresh weight at anthesis to 41 pmol g −1 fresh weight 27 days after anthesis). A large increase in cytokinin concentration and content per fruit occurred as the fruit reached commercial maturity (to 1900 pmol g −1 fresh weight). Individual cytokinins showed quite different patterns. Zeatin, in particular, showed a peak in concentration (13 pmol g −1 fresh weight) 11 days after anthesis that correlated with the beginning of the cell division phase of fruit growth. The accumulation of cytokinin (mostly zeatin riboside or zeatin nucleotide) in mature fruit may be of significance for the postharvest storage of kiwifruit fruit.
Growth of cubic boron nitride on Si(100) by neutralized nitrogen ion bombardment (1994)

Highly cubic phase and stoichiometric boron nitride films were deposited on Si(100) substrates using a neutralized nitrogen beam and electron beam evaporation of boron. High intensity, focused, and low-energy neutralized nitrogen beam was supplied using a newly developed neutralizer atomic beam ion source (NABS) adapted to a Kaufman-type ion source. The films were grown at substrate temperatures in the range 400–500 °C and a boron evaporation rate of 0.2 A/s. Infrared transmittance spectra of the films showed that a highly cubic phase (80%) was obtained in the area of the focused beam. These films were compared to those obtained using similar conditions but with the NABS disconnected from the ion source, and it was found that the cubic phase content decreases drastically (10%). The results show that the NABS was the determining factor in enhancing the formation of the cubic boron nitride films. Furthermore, the addition of Ar to N, which is reported to increase the momentum transfer and promote the formation of the cubic phase, did not play a significant role when the NABS was used.
Cloning of the Dog Na+/K+-ATPase α1-Subunit (1994)

Many of the kinetic, proteolytic and structural studies on the Na+/K+-ATPase have been conducted on the enzyme isolated from the dog kidney. While the cDNA for the dog βlsubunit is available (1), the cDNA coding for the a-subunit has not been isolated. The availability of the dog a-subunit cDNA will make it possible to compare previous studies with results obtained from the expression of the dog kidney subunit. The purpose of this study was to isolate the cDNA coding for the a-subunit from the dog kidney.
Glycosyltransferases and Transpeptidases/Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Valuable Targets for New Antibacterials (2016)

Peptidoglycan (PG) is an essential macromolecular sacculus surrounding most bacteria. It is assembled by the glycosyltransferase (GT) and transpeptidase (TP) activities of multimodular penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) within multiprotein complex machineries. Both activities are essential for the synthesis of a functional stress-bearing PG shell. Although good progress has been made in terms of the functional and structural understanding of GT, finding a clinically useful antibiotic against them has been challenging until now. In contrast, the TP/PBP module has been successfully targeted by β-lactam derivatives, but the extensive use of these antibiotics has selected resistant bacterial strains that employ a wide variety of mechanisms to escape the lethal action of these antibiotics. In addition to traditional β-lactams, other classes of molecules (non-β-lactams) that inhibit PBPs are now emerging, opening new perspectives for tackling the resistance problem while taking advantage of these valuable targets, for which a wealth of structural and functional knowledge has been accumulated. The overall evidence shows that PBPs are part of multiprotein machineries whose activities are modulated by cofactors. Perturbation of these systems could lead to lethal effects. Developing screening strategies to take advantage of these mechanisms could lead to new inhibitors of PG assembly. In this paper, we present a general background on the GTs and TPs/PBPs, a survey of recent issues of bacterial resistance and a review of recent works describing new inhibitors of these enzymes.
Discrete-time variance tracking with application to speech processing (2001)

Two new discrete-time algorithms are presented for tracking variance and reciprocal variance. The closed\nloop nature of the solutions to these problems makes this approach highly accurate and can be used\nrecursively in real time. Since the Least-Mean Squares (LMS) method of parameter estimation requires an\nestimate of variance to compute the step size, this technique is well suited to applications such as speech\nprocessing and adaptive filtering.
Cloning of the<i>STA</i>2 and<i>SGA</i>genes encoding glucoamylases in yeasts and regulation of their expression by the<i>STA</i>10 gene of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1986)

The Saccharomyces STA2 and SGA genes, encoding the extracellular and intracellular sporulation-specific glucoamylase respectively, have been cloned and their transcription and regulation studied. The STA2 gene differs from the SGA gene in that it contains an extra piece of DNA, which encodes the domain for exportation of the extracellular glucoamylase. The STA2 gene produces a single 2.85 kb transcript. Transcription of the SGA gene is initiated from two different sites, yielding two transcripts of 1.95 and 2.40 kb. Transcription of both STA2 and SGA genes is repressed by the STA10 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
The Solubility of Specific Metal Oxides in Molten Borate Glass (2015)

The solubility of Co 3 O 4 , Cu 2 O, CuO, NiO, and Mn 2 O 3 in molten B 2 O 3 and Na 2 O–2B 2 O 3 has been studied at a temperature of 900°C under static conditions. The concentration of the dissolved metal oxides was determined by X‐ EDS and XPS elemental analysis. Uniformity of metal distribution has been confirmed using X‐ EDS and backscatter electron image mapping. It was found that the solubility of all metal oxides increased significantly with Na 2 O content in the B 2 O 3 solvent. The impact of a temperature increase of 150°C and the influence of K 2 O doping were evaluated and found to not cause any significant change.
Probiotics production and alternative encapsulation methodologies to improve their viabilities under adverse environmental conditions (2016)

Probiotic products are dietary supplements containing live microorganisms producing beneficial health effects on the host by improving intestinal balance and nutrient absorption. Among probiotic microorganisms, those classified as lactic acid bacteria are of major importance to the food and feed industries. Probiotic cells can be produced using alternative carbon and nitrogen sources, such as agroindustrial residues, at the same time contributing to reduce process costs. On the other hand, the survival of probiotic cells in formulated food products, as well as in the host gut, is an essential nutritional aspect concerning health benefits. Therefore, several cell microencapsulation techniques have been investigated as a way to improve cell viability and survival under adverse environmental conditions, such as the gastrointestinal milieu of hosts. In this review, different aspects of probiotic cells and technologies of their related products are discussed, including formulation of culture media, and aspects of cell microencapsulation techniques required to improve their survival in the host.
Midland Examiner - July 23, 1909 (1909)

The Midland Reporter-Telegram is the daily newspaper for Midland, Texas. Newspapers in Midland can be traced in history back as far as the late-1800s and early-1900s when several antecedent newspapers existed including The Staked Plain, The Midland Gazette, The Western Eye Opener, The Midland Examiner, and The Midland Livestock Reporter. In 1929, the Midland Reporter and the Midland Telegram merged to form the Midland Reporter-Telegram.
Improved Rabin's scheme with high efficiency (1989)

The letter proposes a modified public-key cryptosystem based on the Rabin scheme. It can provide simultaneously both private encryption and digital signatures for network users. In the cases where it provides only encryption or only digital signatures, the scheme provides that the bit ratio between plaintext and ciphertext is 1:1 , i.e. equivalent to that of the RSA scheme.
Metallo-organic compounds containing metal–nitrogen bonds. Part V. Dialkylamidopyrrolyl- and dialkylamido-2,5-dimethyl-pyrrolyltitanium compounds (1968)

Addition of pyrrole to Ti(NR2)4(R = Me, Et, Prn, or Bun) gave preferentially disubstitution: Ti(NR2)4+ 2C4H4NH→Ti(NC4H4)2(NR2)2+ 2R2NH. The bis(dialkylamidobispyrrolyltitanium compounds so formed were highly reactive and unstable, could be distilled in vacuo, and are believed to contain π-bonded pyrrolyl groups. Prolonged treatment with an excess of pyrrole led to replacement of all diethylamido-groups and the formation of a remarkable black ‘titanated polypyrrole’ product. With 2,5-dimethylpyrrole and Ti(NR2)4(R = Me or Et) the products obtained were Ti(NC4H2Me2)2(NMe2)2 and Ti(NC4H2Me2)(NEt2)3. No reaction occurred with Ti(NPr2n)4.
Immunologic Tests for Pregnancy (1970)

Journal Article Immunologic Tests for Pregnancy Get access Laboratory Medicine, Volume 1, Issue 7, 1 July 1970, Page 45, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/1.7.45 Published: 01 July 1970
A Numerical Model for Evaluating the Impact of Noble Metal Chemical Addition in Boiling Water Reactors (2002)

The technique of noble metal chemical addition (NMCA), accompanied by a low-level hydrogen water chemistry (HWC), is being employed by several U.S. nuclear power plants for mitigating intergranular stress corrosion cracking in the vessel internals of their boiling water reactors (BWRs). An improved computer model by the name of DEMACE was employed to evaluate the performance of NMCA throughout the primary coolant circuit (PCC) of a commercial BWR. The molar ratios of hydrogen to oxidizing species in the PCC under normal water chemistry and HWC are analyzed. The effectiveness of NMCA is justified by calculated electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) around the PCC and in a local power range monitoring (LPRM) housing tube, in which practical in-vessel ECP measurements are normally taken.Prior to the modeling work for the BWR, the Mixed Potential Model, which is embedded in DEMACE and responsible for ECP calculation, was calibrated against both laboratory and plant ECP data. After modeling for various HWC conditions, it is found that the effectiveness of NMCA in the PCC of the selected BWR varies from region to region. In particular, the predicted ECP in the LPRM housing tube is notably different from that in the nearby bulk environment under NMCA, indicating that cautions must be given to a possible, undesirable outcome due to a distinct ECP difference between a locally confined area and the actual bulk environment.
Tautomeric Switching and Metal‐Cation Sensing of Ligand‐Equipped 4‐Hydroxy‐/4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydroquinolines (2012)

Novel 4-hydroxyquinoline (4HQ) based tautomeric switches are reported. 4HQs equipped with coordinative side arms (8-arylimino and 3-piperidin-1-ylmethyl groups) were synthesized to access O- or N-selective chelation of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+) ions by 4HQ. In the case of the monodentate arylimino group, O chelation of metal ions induces concomitant switching of phenol tautomer to the keto form in nonpolar or aprotic media. This change is accompanied by selective and highly sensitive fluorometric sensing of Zn(2+) ions. In the case of the bidentate 8-(quinolin-8-ylimino)methyl side arm, NMR studies in CD(3) OD indicated that both Cd(2+) and Zn(2+) ions afford N chelation for 4HQ, coexisting with tautomeric switching from quinolin-4(1H)-one to quinolin-4-olate. In corroboration, UV/Vis-monitored metal-ion titrations in toluene and methanol implied similar structural changes. Additionally, fluorescence measurements indicated that the metal-triggered tautomeric switching is associated with compound signaling properties. The results are supported by DFT calculations at the B3LYP 6-31G* level. Several X-ray structures of metal-free and metal-chelating 4HQ are presented to support the solution studies.
Programmable manipulation of motile cells in optoelectronic tweezers using a grayscale image (2008)

This paper describes a grayscale optoelectronic tweezers (OET) which allows adjustment of the electric field strength at each position of OET. A grayscale light image was used to pattern vertical electric field strength on an OET. As an electric field depends on the brightness at each point, the brighter light patterns generate the stronger electric field in the OET. Its feasibility for application to cell manipulation was demonstrated by aligning highly motile protozoan cells in vertical direction. Depending on the brightness of each pixel, the behaviors of aligned cells varied due to the different electric field strength to each cell.
Using Principal Component Analysis to Solve a Class Imbalance Problem in Traffic Incident Detection (2013)

High imbalances occur in real-world situations when a detection system needs to identify the rare but important event of a traffic incident. Traffic incident detection can be treated as a task of learning classifiers from imbalanced or skewed datasets. Using principal component analysis (PCA), a one-class classifier for incident detection is constructed from the major and minor principal components of normal instances. Experiments are conducted with a real traffic dataset collected from the A12 highway in The Netherlands. The parameters setting, including the significance level, the percentage of the total variation explained, and the upper bound of the eigenvalues for the minor components, is discussed. The test results demonstrate that this method achieves better performance than partial least squares regression. The method is shown to be promising for traffic incident detection.
Application of neural networks to radar image classification (1994)

A number of methods have been developed to classify ground terrain types from fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, and these techniques are often grouped into supervised and unsupervised approaches. Supervised methods have yielded higher accuracy than unsupervised techniques, but suffer from the need for human interaction to determine classes and training regions. In contrast, unsupervised methods determine classes automatically, but generally show limited ability to accurately divide terrain into natural classes. In this paper, a new terrain classification technique is introduced to determine terrain classes in polarimetric SAR images, utilizing unsupervised neural networks to provide automatic classification, and employing an iterative algorithm to improve the performance. Several types of unsupervised neural networks are first applied to the classification of SAR images, and the results are compared to those of more conventional unsupervised methods. Results show that one neural network method-Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)-outperforms the conventional unsupervised classifiers, but is still inferior to supervised methods. To overcome this poor accuracy, an iterative algorithm is proposed where the SAR image is reclassified using a maximum likelihood (ML) classifier. It is shown that this algorithm converges, and significantly improves classification accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An 8-Stage Model for Evaluating the Tennis Serve (2011)

The 8-stage model provides a more in-depth analysis that should be utilized in all tennis players to help better understand areas of weakness, potential areas of injury, as well as components that can be improved for greater performance.
Solvent-Free CatalyticFriedel-Crafts Acylation of Aromatic Compounds with Carboxylic Acids by Using a Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst System:p-Toluenesulfonic Acid/Graphite (2005)

TsOH/graphite was found to be an effective catalyst system for the Friedel–Crafts acylation of aromatic compounds with carboxylic acids. Both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids reacted smoothly under TsOH/graphite catalysis to afford the corresponding aromatic ketones in high yields. The graphite was easily recovered by simple extraction and could be reused without decrease of activity in the presence of fresh TsOH.
Generation of Synthetic Electronic Medical Record Text (2018)

Machine learning (ML) and Natural Language Processing (NLP) have achieved remarkable success in many fields and have brought new opportunities and high expectation in the analyses of medical data. The most common type of medical data is the massive free-text electronic medical records (EMR). It is widely regarded that mining such massive data can bring up important information for improving medical practices as well as for possible new discoveries on complex diseases. However, the free EMR texts are lacking consistent standards, rich of private information, and limited in availability. Also, as they are accumulated from everyday practices, it is often hard to have a balanced number of samples for the types of diseases under study. These problems hinder the development of ML and NLP methods for EMR data analysis. To tackle these problems, we developed a model to generate synthetic text of EMRs called Medical Text Generative Adversarial Network or mtGAN. It is based on the GAN framework and is trained by the REINFORCE algorithm. It takes disease features as inputs and generates synthetic texts as EMRs for the corresponding diseases. We evaluate the model from micro-level, macro-level and application-level on a Chinese EMR text dataset. The results show that the method has a good capacity to fit real data and can generate realistic and diverse EMR samples. This provides a novel way to avoid potential leakage of patient privacy while still supply sufficient well-controlled cohort data for developing downstream ML and NLP methods. It can also be used as a data augmentation method to assist studies based on real EMR data.
Intra-layer nonuniform quantization of convolutional neural network (2016)

Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) has achieved remarkable performance on object detection and speech recognition in recent years. However, the excellent performance of a DCNN incurs high computational complexity and large memory requirement In this paper, an equal distance nonuniform quantization (ENQ) scheme and a K-means clustering nonuniform quantization (KNQ) scheme are proposed to reduce the required memory storage when low complexity hardware or software implementations are considered. For the VGG-16 and the AlexNet, the proposed nonuniform quantization schemes reduce the number of required memory storage by approximately 50% while achieving almost the same or even better classification accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art quantization method. Compared to the ENQ scheme, the proposed KNQ scheme provides a better tradeoff when higher accuracy is required.
The Effects of Acclimation and Low Temperatures on Enzyme Activities in Larvae of Ephestia kuehniella Zell. (Lep., Pyralidae) (1972)

Abstract Following acclimation at 20° or 6° and exposure at -6° levels of enzyme activities were studied in larvae of Ephestia kuehniella. The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalases, proteinases and acetylcholine esterase were all affected by the acclimation temperatures. Some enzymes, like 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatases, showed different levels of activity after exposure at -6° depending on previous acclimation. After exposure at -6° the activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatases and acetylcholine esterase in larvae injected with glycerol were similar to those of larvae acclimated at 6°. Oxygen consumption and activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and trehalase were not influenced by previous temperature treatments. It appears that various enzymes are affected in different ways by acclimation and exposure at low temperatures. It is suggested that a better balance of various enzyme activities are maintained at low temperatures in larvae acclimated at 6° or injected with glycerol. The results also indicate that resistance acclimation in this species is regulated by mechanisms that do not include capacity acclimation.
Scale-up problems in electron-beam evaporation and sputtering (1978)

A variety of problems are encountered in the scale-up of electron-beam evaporation and sputtering processes from bell jar experiments to production processes. These problems include greatly altered outgassing characteristics, the effects of substrate motion, residual gas pressure and deposition rates. The overall efficiencies with which substrates can collect condensing vapor and the energy efficiency of electron beam and sputtering vaporization processes are also significant with respect to reliable production coater designs. Specific considerations and problems are examined with respect to actual processes which have been scaled-up, both successfully and unsuccessfully.
Parathyroid Hormone in Plasma in Adenomatous Hyperparathyroidism, Uremia, and Bronchogenic Carcinoma (1966)

The concentration of parathyroid hormone (measured by radioimmunoassay) in plasma of patients with severe chronic uremia is frequently much higher than it is in the majority of cases having adenomatous hyperparathyroidism. igher-than-normal concentrations of parathyroid hormone in plasma are found in a significant percentage of unselected patients with bronchogenic carcinoma.
A high-gain low-noise distributed amplifier with low DC power in 0.18-&#x00B5;m CMOS for vital sign detection radar (2015)

A new topology of distributed amplifier (DA) is developed in 0.18-μm CMOS. The topology uses the combination of the DA with taper-sized transistors and the cascaded singlestage distributed amplifier (CSSDA). This proposed DA takes considerations of gain-band width (GBW) product, output power, noise figure (NF), dc power consumption, and compact size. By using DA with taper-sized transistors, this DA reduces dc power consumption while maintaining the RF performance. This DA achieves 25-dB gain and 34 GHz 3-dB bandwidth with total dc power of 176 mW. The maximum OP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> is 7.2 dBm and the NF is between 6.5 and 8 dB at frequency lower than 25 GHz with the compact size of 0.86 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This circuit exhibits the best figure of merit (FOM) in 0.18-μm CMOS and comparable performance with the DAs in advanced process.