gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of genetic polymorphisms on the protein composition of ruminant milks (2002)

The purpose of this review is to give an overview of our current knowledge on the polymorphisms occurring in genes coding for milk proteins and responsible for quantitative variability in their expression, thus influencing the protein composition of livestock ruminant milk. The overall genomic organisation of the 6 main ruminant milk protein genes: alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and the four caseins (alpha(s1), alpha(s2), beta and kappa), their chromosomal location and their expression pattern are first summarised before presenting general mechanisms controlling gene expression both at the transcriptional and the post-transcriptional levels. Polymorphisms found in cis-regulatory elements, mainly within the 5'-flanking region of the genes encoding beta-lactoglobulin and alpha(s1)- and alpha(s2)-caseins, have been found, in cattle, to influence their transcription rate. In addition, polymorphisms found in the transcription unit, within intron as well as exon sequences, have been shown to be responsible for defects in the processing of primary transcripts and/or the export of messenger RNA to the cytoplasm. Mutations responsible for the occurrence of premature stop codons in alpha(s1)- and beta-casein mRNAs have been shown to be associated both with a decrease in the level of the relevant transcripts and the existence of multiple forms of messengers due to alternative splicing (exon skipping, usage of cryptic splice sites). Such a situation, well-exemplified by the gene encoding alpha(s1)-casein in the goat, may have dramatic biological consequences (secretion pathway, casein micelle structure, fat content, etc.) by modifying the message and accordingly the primary structure of the protein as well as its expression. Since some of these polymorphisms dramatically affect technological properties of milk, including cheese yields and organoleptic characteristics, methods mainly based on the PCR technique have been designed and applied in selection and breeding programmes to improve milk protein quality.
The Complex Bingham Distribution and Shape Analysis (1994)

SUMMARY A complex version of the Bingham distribution is defined on the unit complex sphere in Ck. Various statistical properties, including asymptotic normality under high concentration, are derived. Symmetries in the distribution make it a natural tool for the analysis of the shape of landmark data in two dimensions. Strengths and weaknesses of this approach are investigated. Links and contrasts with Bookstein co-ordinates are discussed. A hybrid approach to principal component analysis based on complex and real co-ordinates is suggested.
Trends in steganography (2014)

Methods for embedding secret data are more sophisticated than their ancient predecessors, but the basic principles remain unchanged.
Green vehicle shock absorber: Micromachined wavy shaped piezoelectric cushion energy harvester and its power generating demonstration based on real navigation (2011)

The paper presents a novel micromachined piezoelectric cushion power generator which harvests vibration energy from the vehicle shock absorber. The developed transducer demonstrates the feasibility of the concept of Green vehicle shock absorber. Two major components are involved in implementation of the device: a wavy shaped PVDF film for scavenging vibration energy and an elastic PDMS cushion for damping the vibration. It can not only suppress the vehicle vibration, but act as an active power generator to scavenge unwanted vibration / impact energy during vehicle navigation. The proof-of-concept device successfully demonstrates a maximum 8 V output and a sufficient current to light up a regular LED based on a preliminary road test.
Magnetic Digital Microfluidics (2017)

A digital microfluidic platform manipulates droplets on an open surface. Magnetic digital microfluidics utilizes magnetic forces for actuation and offers unique advantages compared to other digital microfluidic platforms. First, the magnetic particles used in magnetic digital microfluidics have multiple functions. In addition to serving as actuators, they also provide a functional solid substrate for molecule binding, which enables a wide range of applications in molecular diagnostics and immunodiagnostics. Second, magnetic digital microfluidics can be manually operated in a "power-free" manner, which allows for operation in low-resource environments for point-of-care diagnostics where even batteries are considered a luxury item. This abstract covers research areas related to magnetic digital microfluidics. Various methods of droplet manipulation using magnetic forces are discussed, ranging from conventional magnetic particle-based actuation to the recent development of ferrofluids and magnetic liquid marbles.In addition, we emphasize applications of magnetic digital microfluidics in biosensing and medical diagnostics, and the current limitations of magnetic digital microfluidics are identified.
A test of the Hapke photometric model (2007)

We conducted a test of the Hapke (1981, 1984, 1986, 2002) photometric model to determine what physical parameters could be confidently linked to a surface's photometric behavior. The first author selected and measured the bidirectional reflectance distribution functions of 14 different samples in up to three different wavelengths using the Bloomsburg University Goniometer Laboratory. A total of 29 data files were obtained, each file containing more than 700 measurements from different viewing geometries; phase angles varied from 3° to 130°. The 29 files were initially sent “in‐the‐blind” to the second author, who was charged with inverting the data files and extracting best fit model parameters. Our baseline model used the most recent Hapke (2002) formulation with a two‐term Henyey‐Greenstein particle phase function and shadow‐hiding backscatter opposition effect (SHOE) model. We also inverted the data with three other variations that included three‐term Henyey‐Greenstein phase functions and both SHOE and the coherent backscatter opposition effect (CBOE) models. Our results were compared with the known physical properties of our samples. We found no compelling evidence that individual photometric parameters could be uniquely interpreted to reveal the physical state of our samples, either in an absolute or relative sense. Rather, combinations of physical properties such as albedo, roughness, and porosity were convolved within each retrieved photometric parameter. On the basis of our empirical evidence, we speculate that the fault lies with the inability of radiative transfer models to adequately account for discrete media and the effects of porosity, and its deficient assumption that individual particles are the primary scattering units.
Design and analysis of high speed slotless PM machine with Halbach array (2001)

Slotless machines have been applied for a very high rotational speed and/or the ripple-free torque. In this paper, slotless machines equipped with external 4-pole field Halbach and radially magnetized PM array for electro-mechanical battery. This paper describes the comparison of the design guidelines, magnetic field characteristics, required magnet volume and optimal thickness of windings for two types of PM rotors.
Development of an adaptive antenna demonstrator for DECT (1994)

The use of adaptive antennas in mobile and cordless communications systems offers the possibility of increased system capacity by interference suppression and improved performance in the presence of adverse propagation effects. A CEC RACE project (R2108 TSUNAMI) has been set up to investigate the applicability of such techniques to third generation mobile radio systems. This paper describes an adaptive antenna demonstrator currently under development as part of the TSUNAMI work programme which will be used in field trials beginning in early 1995.
Single photon scatter compensation by photopeak energy distribution analysis (1992)

Scattered photons degrade nuclear medicine image contrast and resolution, and preclude simple attenuation corrections. Current scatter correction methods utilize detected events with energies below pulse height analyzer (PHA) window levels, making attenuation corrections source position dependent. This new scatter rejection technique analyzes only the photon signals occurring within the range of standard PHA windows. In real time, at each image location the PHA window energy distribution is analyzed, a scatter fraction determined, and a scatter corrected number of events are output. The method can be adapted to any imaging system which produces event location and energy signals. Attenuation corrections (u=0.15 cm(-1), 140 keV) are within 6% for 2-10 cm depths.
The short term effects of time and frequency of burning on native pastures at Katherine, N.T (1963)

A report is given of the first five years of an experiment at Katherine, N.T., concerned with the effects of time and frequency of burning on the dry matter yield, nitrogen yield and botanical composition of native pasture on Tippera clay loam. Sampling in 1961-62 showed that all burning treatments reduced dry matter yield in comparison with unburned pasture Pasture burned biennially in the late dry season (September) showed the least reduction in yield. Biennial burning was less detrimental than annual burning ; burning in late dry season was less detrimental than burning in early dry season. Burning in late dry season increased the proportion of annuals in the pasture. All treatments other than biennial burning in late dry season reduced the proportion of Themeda australis (R. Br.) Stapf., the dominant perennial grass. Burning biennially in January or in April increased the proportion of Chrysopogon fallax, S. T. Blake. The provisional recommendation for Themeda-Sorghum pastures in the Katherine area is to bum in late dry season at intervals of not less than two years.
Polymer processing (2003)

After a brief introduction to the various types of polymers in use and the size and impact of the polymer processing industry, this overview focuses on the most important processes for thermoplastic materials, namely extrusion and injection moulding. Single and twin screw extruders are used for melting and pumping of polymers and for die extrusion for the production of film, sheet, pipe, tubing, profiles and fibres. Injection moulding is the process used for the production of numerous parts, small and large, by injecting a molten polymer into mould cavities. Various problems associated with these processes are discussed. Other processes described include: calendering, compression moulding, rotational moulding, powder injection moulding and thixomoulding. The overview concludes with a brief discussion of current trends and future challenges faced by the polymer industry.
A Formal Description Technique for Interactive Cockpit Applications Compliant with ARINC Specification 661 (2007)

The purpose of the ARINC specification 661 is to define interfaces to a cockpit display system (CDS) targeting new aircraft installations. ARINC 661 provides precise information for communication protocols between application and user interface components (called widgets) as well as precise information about the widgets themselves. However, no information is given on the behavior of these widgets and on the behavior of an application made up of a set of such widgets. This paper presents a formal description technique called interactive cooperative objects to define in a precise and non-ambiguous way such behaviors. This description technique also defines the relationships between the behavioral description and the user interface. We show the benefits of such a notation for the specification of interactive cockpit applications and we introduce each modeling concept on a small example.
Delay length locked loop in target range tracking (2002)

A delay length locked loop (DLL) synthesized with a stack of parallel shift registers which would adjust automatically its delay length based on the delayed time difference between the analog input signal and the reference signal is employed for selected applications in sonars and radar. Target range tracking is one application wherein the target being tracked is locked to the DLL and the target range in terms of its delay period is continuously monitored by the system. A re-circulated digital delay line (RDDL) constructed using the DLL offers integration improvement in pulse radar and sonar systems. Another application of the RDDL in passive sonar identification is also reported.
Fertility control of rodent pests (2008)

Ricefield rats (Rattus argentiventer) in south-east Asian rice fields and house mice (Mus domesticus) in Australian grain fields are major pest species. They cause damage before and after harvest and carry zoonotic diseases. For both species, management techniques have been pursued using the approach of immunocontraceptive vaccination. We review results from a series of enclosure and field studies conducted with these species to assess the effects of fertility control in small rodents. In the experiments, fertility control was simulated by tubal ligation, ovariectomy or progesterone treatment. A once-off sterilisation of 50–75% of enclosed founder females considerably reduced reproductive output of ricefield rat populations until the end of the reproductive period. In house mice, similar success was achieved when a sterility level of 67% of female founders and offspring was maintained. Repeated antifertility treatments are required because of the much longer breeding period of house mice versus ricefield rats. Comparing the results of enclosure trials with the outcome of simulation models suggests that partial compensation of treatment effects can occur through enhanced reproduction of the remaining fertile females and improved survival of juveniles. However, such compensatory effects as well as behavioural consequences of sterility in field populations are not likely to prevent the management effect at the population level. The challenge for effective fertility control of small rodents in the field is the wide-scale delivery of an antifertility treatment to founders at the beginning of the breeding season and to fertile immigrants that are recruited into the population, which otherwise contribute to the reproductive output at the population level. Future research efforts should focus on species-specific techniques and on agents that can be effectively delivered via bait.
Monoclonal Antibody to PCSK9 Offers New Approach to Treating Hypercholesterolemia (2013)

Hypercholesterolemia, particularly an increased level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with elevated cardiovascular (CV) risk. Individuals with genetic lifelong lower levels of LDL-C are associated with a reduced risk of CV events. In addition, the reduction in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk is proportional to the decrease in LDL-C over the time period of LDL-C reduction. Statins are often used to therapeutically lower LDL-C levels, but individuals with lifelong lower LDL-C levels due to genetic variants have three times the protection from CHD as do those who begin statin therapy later in life.
Pathophysiology and Treatment (2000)

In the adult patient with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, optimal control of glucose concentrations to near the upper end of the normal range will prevent long-term comp1ications.l. 42, 83, 89, lol Clearly, insulin replacement schemes are unlike normal endogenous insulin secretion, leaving the clinician with the dilemma of how to obtain normoglycemia. Although normoglycemia has a critical role in the prevention of chronic complications, patients with diabetes must constantly walk a tight rope, balancing high and low glucose concentrations. Beyond the question of how to pulse insulin physiologically to cover carbohydrate intake acutely, clinicians are challenged by the lack of accurate background insulin replacement. Declining insulin concentrations that normally occur during postprandial periods are difficult to generate outside of insulin pump therapy and, even then, ramping the insulin infusion rate up and down occurs in the absence of feedback on changes in glucose concentration. In addition to problems with insulin replacement, lack of education in regards to counting the grams of carbohydrate accurately sets the stage for excess insulin administration. Factors under the patient’s control and beyond the patient’s control are responsible for the frequency of hypoglycemia that is the focus of this article. Early in the development of intensive diabetes treatment strategies,
Immunohistochemical markers as predictive tools for breast cancer (2007)

Breast cancer is the predominant malignancy where oncologists use predictive markers clinically to select treatment options, with steroid receptors having been used for many years. Immunohistochemistry has taken over as the major assay method used for assessing markers. Despite its extensive use there are still issues around tissue fixation, methodology, interpretation and quantification. Although many markers have been evaluated, the oestrogen receptor remains the most reliable and best example of a predictor of treatment response. It is of major importance clinically that those undertaking interpretation of predictive markers understand the technical pitfalls and are aware of how expression of a particular marker relates to breast cancer pathology. A false negative or a false positive result will impact on patient management.
Molecular population genetics of the <i>Arabidopsis CAULIFLOWER</i> regulatory gene: Nonneutral evolution and naturally occurring variation in floral homeotic function (1998)

The evolution of interspecies differences in morphology requires sufficient within-species variation in developmental regulatory systems on which evolutionary forces can act. Molecular analyses of naturally occurring alleles of the Arabidopsis thaliana CAULIFLOWER locus reveal considerable intraspecific diversity at this floral homeotic gene, and the McDonald-Kreitman test suggests that this gene is evolving in a nonneutral fashion, with an excess of intraspecific replacement polymorphisms. The naturally occurring molecular variation within this floral regulatory gene is associated with functionally different alleles, which can be distinguished phenotypically by their differential ability to direct floral meristem development.
Cardioprotective Potential of an SGLT2 Inhibitor Against Doxorubicin-Induced Heart Failure (2019)

SGLT2 inhibitors have a protective effect in Dox-induced HF in mice. This implied that SGLT2 inhibitor therapy could be a good treatment strategy even in HF patients without diabetes.
Synthesis of Some New Unsymmetrically Substituted 1,4-Dihydropyridines (2006)

A series of some new 3,5-unsymmetrically substituted 1,4-dihydropyridines have been synthesized, which have ethoxycarbonyl and acetyl groups on 3- and 5-positions, respectively. A three-step procedure has been examined to increase the yield of the desired products, by suppressing the formation of the symmetrically substituted 3,5-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyridines and 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl- 1,4-dihydropyridines.
El anteproyecto de Código Mercantil de España y las disposiciones generales sobre el contrato de seguro (2014)

Resulta de gran interés el estudio de algunas de las normas que formarán parte delfuturo Código Mercantil de España, que es la más reciente actualización de un ordenamientoen lo que toca con el contrato de seguro, y que sin duda constituye unreferente para muchos. El objetivo principal del presente estudio no es solamenteidentificar algunas de las disposiciones que regirán la parte general de este complejonegocio jurídico, sino trazar, hasta donde sea posible, la evolución que han tenido lasmismas; para ello es necesario identificar el punto de partida de la legislación, que locompone la Ley 50/1980, para luego hacer referencia a los cambios propuestos porla comisión que para el efecto conformó el Gobierno, y al texto de lo que terminósiendo el Anteproyecto que sería presentado ante el Parlamento. Con esta metodologíapretendemos realizar una aproximación que no se limite a la literalidad del futuroCódigo, sino que permita una mejor comprensión del mismo; análisis que dará lugar,más que a la obtención de respuestas, al nacimiento de los interrogantes que seránresueltos por la doctrina y la jurisprudencia. Y es que la promulgación de una ley noes verdaderamente la culminación de un cambio normativo, sino el comienzo delmismo; tarea que se complementará día a día por los autores y los jueces, quienes sonlos protagonistas en la resolución de los problemas que tendrán que ser finiquitadosa la luz de las nuevas disposiciones.
Storage of vitamin A in extrahepatic stellate cells in normal rats (1997)

In mammals, vitamin A is primarily stored as retinyl esters in hepatic stellate cells under normal dietary intake of the vitamin. Previously, extrahepatic vitamin A-storing stellate cells have only been identified in animals maintained on a vitamin A-rich diet, and it has not been known whether these cells play a role in normal vitamin A metabolism. The purpose of this study was, to quantify the stellate cell lipid droplet area in hepatic and extrahepatic stellate cells in control rats and in rats fed excess vitamin A. The stellate cells were identified by the gold chloride staining technique, specific autofluorescence of retinyl ester, and by electron microscopy. The stellate cell lipid droplet area was then quantitated by the use of morphometric quantitation. We demonstrated that lipid droplet-containing stellate cells were identified in liver, lung, kidney, and intestine, in normal as well as vitamin A-fed rats. The area of lipid droplets in liver, lung, and intestine stellate cells of normal rats was 0.2, 0.3, and 0.04 mm2 per cm2 tissue, respectively. When the rats were administered excess vitamin A, the hepatic, lung, and intestinal stellate cell lipid droplet area increased about 10-fold, 2-fold, and 40-fold, respectively. Thus the present study shows that extrahepatic stellate cells in lung and intestine of normal rats contain lipid droplets, and that these lipid droplets increase in area when high doses of vitamin A are fed to the animals. These data suggest that not only liver stellate cells but also extrahepatic stellate cells play an important role in vitamin A storage in normal as well as vitamin A-fed animals.
Gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis -- why, when and how? (1979)

The use of gold salts is reviewed and discussed in terms of rationale (Why), indications and side-effects compared to other disease suppressives (when), and different types of gold and their modes of administration (How).
The scale self-adjusting multi-resolution network traffic anomaly detection (2008)

Identifying network traffic anomalies accurately and rapidly is very critical to efficient operation of computer network. In this paper, to improve the existing anomaly detection, we propose a novel multi-resolution network traffic anomaly detection approach based on S transform with self-adjusting scale. By introducing S transform, we can decompose network traffic signal into a group of different frequency sub-bands according to the traffic signalpsilas characteristics. By means of self-adjusting reconstruction of the signal from different frequency sub-bands, our method is able to confirm the anomaly characteristics and enhances the reliability of detection. By means of self-adaptive window selection, we are able to determine the length of detection window according to the spectrum characteristics of the corresponding signal. The simulation results prove that the method can detect the network traffic anomaly efficiently and rapidly, and excels the existing multi-resolution anomaly detection methods.