gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Milliampere Beam Studies using High Polarization Photocathodes at the CEBAF Photoinjector (2018)

Extending the charge lifetime of today’s spin polarized GaAs photoelectron guns from tens to thousands of Coulombs is a requirement for long-duration operation at milliampere beam current. There are two main approaches frequently considered to achieve this goal. The first is improving photo-gun vacuum, which provides a direct means to minimize the ill effects of ion bombardment and associated QE decay. In this contribution, we demonstrate the second: enhancing the charge lifetime at milliampere beam current by using large laser spots which serves to distribute ion damage over a larger region of the photocathode. The efficacy of this approach was presented at past workshops, but using bulk GaAs and green laser light without RF structure. In this contribution, highly polarized beam was produced from strained-superlattice GaAs/GaAsP photocathodes inside the 130 kV photo-gun at the CEBAF photoinjector, at beam currents from 0.5 to 1.5 mA and with a clear indication of lifetime enhancement using laser beams as large as ~8 mm$^2$. However, when the laser beam size was increased beyond this diameter, further lifetime enhancement was not observed which highlights the importance of proper cathode/anode design to maintain loss-free beam delivery and the preservation of static vacuum conditions. In addition, this contribution presents electron beam polarization measurements at currents to 1 mA.
Sensor abstractions to support many-robot systems (1993)

The rapid evolution of micromechanical fabrication techniques and other sensor, effector, and processing technologies will soon make it possible to employ large numbers of very inexpensive autonomous mobile robots with fairly limited sensor capabilities to perform real-world missions in the ground, air, space, and underwater environments. One approach to such a system is to realize desired emergent collective group behaviors with simple sensor-based reactive planners. The initial thrust of this effort has been to develop generic ensemble behaviors, such as blanket, barrier, and sweep coverage, and various deployment and recovery modes, which can address a broad spectrum of generic applications, both military and civilian. However, while different applications may require similar group behaviors, the sensor, information, and communications resources available to the participating individual robots may be very different. This paper outlines the many-robot approach to real-world problems solving and discusses the various roles that different types of sensors can play in such systems. Analysis and simulation results are presented to show how useful behavioral algorithms can be designed to make use of diverse information resources, and the area search problem is analyzed to derive both system measures of effectiveness and system design considerations.
Absence or Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase–8 Decreases Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (2009)

Mechanical ventilation is a life-saving therapy that can also damage the lungs. Ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) promotes inflammation and up-regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Among these enzymes, MMP-8 is involved in the onset of inflammation by processing different immune mediators. To clarify the role of MMP-8 in a model of VILI and their relevance as a therapeutic target, we ventilated wild-type and MMP-8-deficient mice with low or high pressures for 2 hours. There were no significant differences after low-pressure ventilation between wild-type and knockout animals. However, lack of MMP-8 results in better gas exchange, decreased lung edema and permeability, and diminished histological injury after high-pressure ventilation. Mmp8(-/-) mice had a different immune response to injurious ventilation, with decreased neutrophilic infiltration, lower levels of IFN-γ and chemokines (LPS-induced CXC chemokine, macrophage inflammatory protein-2), and significant increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10) in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. There were no differences in MMP-2, MMP-9, or tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 between wild-type and knockout mice. These results were confirmed by showing a similar protective effect in wild-type mice treated with a selective MMP-8 inhibitor. We conclude that MMP-8 promotes acute inflammation after ventilation with high pressures, and its short-term inhibition could be a therapeutic goal to limit VILI.
Stellar Imager (SI) mission concept (2003)

The Stellar Imager (<i>SI</i>) is envisioned as a space-based, UV-optical interferometer composed of 10 or more one-meter class elements distributed with a maximum baseline of 0.5 km. It is designed to image stars and binaries with sufficient resolution to enable long-term studies of stellar magnetic activity patterns, for comparison with those on the sun. It will also support asteroseismology (acoustic imaging) to probe stellar internal structure, differential rotation, and large-scale circulations. <i>SI</i> will enable us to understand the various effects of the magnetic fields of stars, the dynamos that generate these fields, and the internal structure and dynamics of the stars. The ultimate goal of the mission is to achieve the best-possible forecasting of solar activity as a driver of climate and space weather on time scales ranging from months up to decades, and an understanding of the impact of stellar magnetic activity on life in the Universe. In this paper we describe the scientific goals of the mission, the performance requirements needed to address these goals, the "enabling technology" development efforts being pursued, and the design concepts now under study for the full mission and a possible pathfinder mission.
Cloning of a new gene encoding an antigen recognized by melanoma-specific HLA-A24-restricted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. (1995)

The role of tumor-specific T cells in mediating the regression of metastatic melanoma has been suggested by the clinical response of patients to treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). A number of Ags recognized by class I-restricted melanoma-specific T cells have recently been isolated, raising the hope that this will lead to the development of improved therapies. In this study, we report the cloning of a tumor Ag recognized by T cells from melanoma patient 888. Previously, we reported that TIL 888, grown from the tumor of this patient, recognized tyrosinase in an HLA-A24-restricted fashion. This line, when infused into the autologous patient, resulted in complete regression of multiple metastases. Three years later, a second TIL line, TIL 1290, was isolated from a recurrent pelvic tumor. Infusion of a mixture of TIL 888 and TIL 1290 cell lines into the patient resulted in complete regression of a residual abdominal mass and the patient remains disease-free 2 yr later. The TIL 1290 cell line, which recognized melanoma in an HLA-A24-restricted manner, failed to recognize tyrosinase. TIL 1290 was then used to screen an 888 melanoma cDNA library, and an Ag was isolated that did not correspond to any found in sequence databases. This gene, termed p15, was found to be expressed in a variety of normal tissues, and a peptide epitope recognized by TIL 1290 was found to represent the product of an nonmutated gene. Screening of additional cDNA pools resulted in the isolation of a second clone which stimulated TIL 1290. This clone also appeared to represent a transcript of the p15 gene, indicating that this gene may encode the predominant Ag recognized by TIL 1290.
[Cutaneous extension of parotid carcinoma]. (1994)

Two similar cases of inflammatory and telangiectatic cutaneous metastases associated with parotid carcinomas were reported previously. This metastatic localization to the skin could be due to special anatomic conditions and perhaps to the similarity of some surface antigens between skin vessels and parotid carcinoma cells.
Rate-Determining Factor of Aluminum Corrosion and a Rapid Method of Assessing the Moisture Resistance of Plastic Encapsulated LSI (1983)

New information about the aluminum corrosion of plastic encapsuled LSI was derived from measuring the leakage current on the die surface. Aluminum corrosion at temperature/humidity tests depends upon the water film produced at the interface between the molding resin and die. The moisture resistance of plastic encapsulated LSI can be rapidly evaluated by electrical leakage which can be related to water film formation.
Information Theory Preliminaries (2011)

1.1 Scope The quality of any decision depends both upon the amount of relevant information available as well as the quality of the decision-making process itself. In this book, we investigate decision making in the context of detection and estimation problems that are statistically modeled according to some assumed probability distribution. Assumptions become necessary to help find true solutions when facing problems where available information is insufficient. Appropriate assumptions provide guidance when selecting the best solution from a given set of candidates. However, new assumptions impart new information. Consequently, making the minimum number of assumptions consistent with available evidence is vital; making these assumptions using principled methods is also key. Given the important role of information in these problems, we appeal to information theory as a principled approach to making appropriate assumptions and assigning meaningful models. Much of this book deals with the application of information-theoretic notions to problems of estimation. Following a brief review of information theory basics, we introduce the inverse problem and its role in signal restoration. Next, we review both classical and recent methods for solving the inverse problem. Part I of this monograph explores density-estimation techniques. We first review one such technique-maximum-entropy (ME) estimation. Then, we present a novel result which establishes confidence bounds on these estimates. In Part II, we introduce a framework for solving inverse problems to find unique solutions that maintain fidelity with observed data. We conclude the book with some examples and applications of the proposed algorithms to common problems encountered in signal processing.
Metal‐Free Michael‐Addition‐Initiated Three‐Component Reaction for the Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Pyridines: Scope, Mechanistic Investigations and Applications (2013)

Abstract A metal‐free and completely regioselective three‐component synthesis of highly functionalized pyridines from 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives and Michael acceptors has been achieved. Activated Michael acceptors, that is, β,γ‐unsaturated α‐oxo carbonyl derivatives, were utilized, allowing substitution at the 4‐position and remarkable functional diversity at the 2‐position of the pyridine ring. The scope and limitations of this environmentally friendly domino reaction are disclosed, with full experimental data, and the results of mechanistic investigations are discussed.
On the recommending of citations for research papers (2002)

Collaborative filtering has proven to be valuable for recommending items in many different domains. In this paper, we explore the use of collaborative filtering to recommend research papers, using the citation web between papers to create the ratings matrix. Specifically, we tested the ability of collaborative filtering to recommend citations that would be suitable additional references for a target research paper. We investigated six algorithms for selecting citations, evaluating them through offline experiments against a database of over 186,000 research papers contained in ResearchIndex. We also performed an online experiment with over 120 users to gauge user opinion of the effectiveness of the algorithms and of the utility of such recommendations for common research tasks. We found large differences in the accuracy of the algorithms in the offline experiment, especially when balanced for coverage. In the online experiment, users felt they received quality recommendations, and were enthusiastic about the idea of receiving recommendations in this domain.
Characterization and Copper Binding Properties of Human COMMD1 (MURR1) (2007)

COMMD1 (copper metabolism gene MURR1 (mouse U2af1-rs1 region1) domain) belongs to a family of multifunctional proteins that inhibit nuclear factor NF-kappaB. COMMD1 was implicated as a regulator of copper metabolism by the discovery that a deletion of exon 2 of COMMD1 causes copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers. Here, we report the detailed characterization and specific copper binding properties of purified recombinant human COMMD1 as well as that of the exon 2 product, COMMD(61-154). By using various techniques including native-PAGE, EPR, UV-visible electronic absorption, intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopies as well as DEPC modification of histidines, we demonstrate that COMMD1 specifically binds copper as Cu(II) in 1:1 stoichiometry and does not bind other divalent metals. Moreover, the exon 2 product, COMMD(61-154), alone was able to bind Cu(II) as well as the wild type protein, with a stoichiometry of 1 mol of Cu(II) per protein monomer. The protection of DEPC modification of COMMD1 by Cu(II) implied that Cu(II) binding involves His residues. Further investigation by DEPC modification of COMMD(61-154) and subsequent MALDI MS mapping and MS/MS sequencing identified the protection of His101 and His134 residues in the presence of Cu(II). Fluorescence studies of single point mutants of the full-length protein revealed the involvement of M110 in addition to H134 in direct Cu(II) binding. Taken together, the data provide insight into the function of COMMD1 and especially COMMD(61-154), a product of exon 2 that is deleted in terriers affected by copper toxicosis, as a regulator of copper homeostasis.
Generating few-cycle pulses for nanoscale photoemission easily with an erbium-doped fiber laser (2012)

We demonstrate a simple setup capable of generating four-cycle pulses at a center wavelength of 1700 nm for nanoscale photoemission. Pulses from an amplified erbium-doped fiber laser are spectrally broadened by propagation through a highly non-linear fiber. Subsequently, we exploit dispersion in two different types of glass to compress the pulses. The pulse length is estimated by measuring an interferometric autocorrelation trace and comparing it to a numerical simulation. We demonstrate highly non-linear photoemission of electrons from a nanometric tungsten tip in a hitherto unexplored pulse parameter range.
Expression of apolipoprotein B mRNAs encoding higher- and lower-molecular weight isoproteins in rat liver and intestine. (1989)

Two B apolipoproteins (apo) are present in human plasma, designated apoB-100 and apoB-48, and represent translational products from mature apoB mRNAs that differ by a single base. Either the glutamine codon encoded by the single-copy apoB gene at nucleotide 6666 is transcribed and translated to produce apoB-100 or an RNA-editing mechanism substitutes a uracil for cytosine, altering this glutamine codon (CAA) to a stop codon (UAA), prematurely terminating translation to produce apoB-48. In the present report, editing of rat apoB transcripts was evaluated by amplification of RNA with the polymerase chain reaction by use of primers based on the apoB cDNA cloned from a rat liver cDNA library. The combined results of this study show that (i) a single copy of the apoB gene exists in the rat; (ii) the rat apoB gene encodes only the glutamine codon for the synthesis of apoB of higher molecular weight (apoBH); (iii) rat apoB transcripts undergo RNA editing; (iv) apoBH and apoB of lower molecular weight (apoBL) in the rat represent structural equivalents of apoB-100 and apoB-48 in humans, respectively; (v) RNA editing occurs in both the liver and intestine of the rat; (vi) rat hepatic apoB RNA is more extensively edited than is human hepatic apoB RNA, which is consistent with the marked increase in apoBL secretion by the rat liver when compared with human; and (vii) the definitive identification of apoBH mRNA as well as apoBL mRNA in the rat intestine provides a mechanism for the biosynthesis of both apoBH and apoBL by the rat intestine.
Modeling method of execution timing of operation to analyze the reaction time from judgment to execution of operation (2016)

In this study, we aim to evaluate a driver skill based on the driver behavior model generated by the operation and environment data under driving vehicle. When skill of driver is reduced, the operator behavior is delayed, it takes along time of operation, and execution timing of operation is no reproducibility. These mean that reducing skill of driver affects time information of the driver operation. Therefore, we study on the model structure incorporated time information expresses the execution timing of driver's operation to evaluate driver's skill. In particular, we propose a new model structure incorporated timing probabilistic distribution expresses the time until the execution of next operation. Moreover, we propose a modeling method of operator behavior according to proposed model structure. It is considered that the reaction time from the decision to execution of operation and ambiguity of the decision can be read from the timing probabilistic distribution. In this paper, the above usefulness is examined through some experimental results. Moreover, the applicability of the driving skill evaluation based on the proposed operation model is examined.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile, Efficient Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 4‐Hydroxy‐2‐cyclopenten‐ 1‐ones. (1987)

Abstract The title compounds (II) are prepared by hydrolysis of 4‐bromo‐2‐cyclopenten‐1‐ones (I) with boiling water.
Compounds Binding to the S2−S3 Pockets of Thrombin (2009)

A set of compounds designed to bind to the S2-S3 pockets of thrombin was prepared. These compounds included examples with no interactions in the S1 pocket. Proline, a common P2 in many thrombin inhibitors, was combined with known P3 residues and P1 substituents of varying size and lipophilicity. Binding constants were determined using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor technology and were found to be in good agreement with results from an enzyme assay. A dramatic increase in affinity (100-1000 times) was seen for compounds incorporating an amino group capable of forming a hydrogen bond with gly216 in the protein backbone. The ligand efficiency was increased by including substituents that form stronger hydrophobic interactions with the P1 pocket. The binding mode was confirmed by X-ray analysis, which revealed the anticipated binding motif that included hydrogen bonds as well as a tightly bound water molecule. A QSAR model indicated that hydrogen bonding and lipophilicity were important for the prediction of binding constants. The results described here may have implications for how directed compound libraries for shallow protein pockets, like S2 and S3 in serine proteases, can be designed.
Hydrogen Removal System in VVER-91/99 Project (2004)

The hydrogen removal system has been designed to ensure hydrogen safety during DBA and BDBA. The maximal hydrogen concentrations occur in the containment during severe accidents. The system includes a set of passive autocatalytic recombiners (PAR) located in different areas of the containment. The location and capacity of recombiners have been chosen on the basis of calculation analysis. The calculations have been fulfilled with use of Russian computer best-estimated codes. (authors)
Investment option value drivers of the internet companies : in search of the intangible assets of the internet companies (1999)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/96942/1/MBA_Sohmshetty2Final.pdf
Determination of cadmium using preconcentration with adsorbent followed by photoacoustic examination of one particle. (1987)

水溶液中の微量金属成分を定量する方法として,吸着濃縮法と光音響法を組み合わせた分析法について検討した.金属イオンとしてCd2+を水に不溶な8-キノリノール錯体としてXAD樹脂に吸着させた粒状試料をレーザー励起光音響法により,粒子一粒を用いて定量分析を試みた.その結果Cd2+吸着量と光音響信号の間に直線関係が見いだされ,粒子一粒当たり7~190ngのCd2+が定量できることが分かった.これは濃縮率2000倍の前処理を行う場合,元の試料溶液中のカドミウム濃度0.15~4.15 ppmに対応する.一般に,粉体の光音響信号の解析は複雑な取り扱いを必要とするので,粒子一粒で分析できる本結果は実用的にも有用であると判断された.
53.3: Manufacturing of 4 <sup>th</sup> Generation OLED Masks with the Laser MicroJet® Technology (2007)

Abstract Display manufacturers are investing heavily into production lines for OLED (Organic Light‐Emitting Diode) displays. Volume production of active‐matrix OLED has already started. The production will increase through the TV mobile phones demand for high‐resolution mobile displays as the AM OLED can switch pixels 1,000 times faster than TFT‐LCD technology. A typical mask is only 40 micron thick and has millions of tiny but lengthy apertures. The requirement for accuracy is very high, since several masks are used for the same display. A new micro‐machining technology, ‐ a hybrid of laser and water jet technology, the water jet‐guided laser, also called as Laser MicroJet® technology ‐ has been developed for OLED mask cutting. By combining a hair‐thin low‐pressure water jet and a powerful short‐pulsed Ytterbium fiber laser, the problem of heat damage has been completely solved. The Laser MicroJet® technology can produce small delicate openings with totally clean edges (no dross or slag). The cut apertures are free of contamination and thermal stress. Precision (few microns) and speed (25,000 – 30,000 apertures per hour) is so high so that the manufacturing costs for OLED masks can be drastically reduced. The process is applicable for any mask dimension. Synova cutting systems, which have a cutting area of 1300 × 900 mm for producing 4 th generation OLED masks are being used now at major mask manufacturers.
<title>Characterizing and correcting media-induced focus errors in SAR imagery</title> (1994)

Recently, considerable attention has been directed to the use of airborne synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) for detecting both large and small underground objects. The reconstruction of images of buried objects from SAR data, however, often relies on assumptions and algorithms developed in the context of free-space radar propagation. Although in some cases the implicit assumption of free-space propagation can lead to acceptable results, in other important cases it will result in severe degradation to images of underground objects. In this paper we investigate the conditions under which significant improvements to image quality result if proper account is taken of the detailed effects of the soil medium on radar wave propagation. These effects are analyzed both in terms of the refraction of plane waves and via reference to general analytic solutions to Maxwell's equations. Quantitative predictions of the improvement in buried-target image focussing are presented for some realistic data collection scenarios, corresponding to airborne and ground-based SAR or microwave holography.
Structural studies on the cobra venom factor: isolation, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis (2001)

Cobra venom factor (CVF) is the complement-activating protein in cobra venom. It is a three-chain glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 149,000 Da. In serum, CVF forms a bimolecular enzyme with the Bb subunit of factor B. The enzyme cleaves C3 and C5, causing complement consumption in human and mammalian serum. CVF is frequently used to decomplement serum to investigate the biological functions of complement and serves as a tool to investigate the multifunctionality of C3. Furthermore, CVF bears the potential for clinical application to deplete complement in situations where complement activation is involved in the pathogenesis of disease. CVF was isolated from Indian cobra (Naja naja naja) venom. The protein was crystallized at room temperature using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion technique. The crystals diffract to 2.7 A resolution and belong to the tetragonal space group P4(1), with unit-cell parameters a = b = 62.7, c = 368.1 A.
Surface Treatment of Energy Conversion Device Components by Cold atmospheric Plasma : Paper SE+PS-MoM3 (2010)

Surface Treatment of Energy Conversion Device Components by Cold atmospheric Plasma : Paper SE+PS-MoM3