gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dimensionality reduction mappings (2011)

A wealth of powerful dimensionality reduction methods has been established which can be used for data visualization and preprocessing. These are accompanied by formal evaluation schemes, which allow a quantitative evaluation along general principles and which even lead to further visualization schemes based on these objectives. Most methods, however, provide a mapping of a priorly given finite set of points only, requiring additional steps for out-of-sample extensions. We propose a general view on dimensionality reduction based on the concept of cost functions, and, based on this general principle, extend dimensionality reduction to explicit mappings of the data manifold. This offers simple out-of-sample extensions. Further, it opens a way towards a theory of data visualization taking the perspective of its generalization ability to new data points. We demonstrate the approach based on a simple global linear mapping as well as prototype-based local linear mappings.
EMBRYONIC STEM CELL-DERIVED CXCR4+ DEFINITIVE ENDODERMAL PROGENITOR CELLS CORRECT FACTOR VIII DEFICIENCY IN MICE (2008)

Zavazava, N2,4; Chan, K-M1,2; Xie, L3; Sarvida, M E.3; McCray, P B. Jr3; Lee, W-C1 Author Information
Ultra-Wideband Electromagnetics (1997)

Abstract : Electromagnetic models have been developed for foliage-penetrating radar and have been transitioned to the Army Research Laboratory (Adelphi, MD) for target classification algorithms.
Purification and Characterization of a Nitric-oxide Synthase from Rat Liver Mitochondria (1998)

The biosynthesis of nitric oxide (NO.) in different cell types occurs concomitantly with the conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline by the enzyme nitric-oxide synthase (NOS). NO. has been identified as a major participant in a number of basic physiological functions such as neurotransmission, vasodilation, and immune response. At the subcellular level, mitochondria have been identified as targets for NO.; however, to date, no unambiguous evidence has been presented to identify these organelles as sources of NO.. In this study, a NOS was isolated to homogeneity from Percoll-purified rat liver mitochondria. Kinetic parameters, molecular weight, requirement of cofactors, and cross-reactivity to monoclonal antibodies against macrophage NOS suggest similarities to the inducible form. However, the constitutive expression of the mitochondrial enzyme and its main membrane localization indicate the presence of either a distinctive isoform or a macrophage isoform containing posttranslational modifications that lead to different subcellular compartments. The detection of NADPH-oxidizing activities and a production of superoxide anion catalyzed by mtNOS and recombinant cytochrome P450 reductase were consistent with the sequence homology reported for these two proteins. Given the role of NO. as cellular transmitter, messenger, or regulator, the presence of a functionally active mitochondrial NOS may have important implications for the intermediary metabolism.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of the Orthorhombic Li<sub>2</sub>Fe(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Polymorph for Li-Ion Batteries (2014)

To enhance the safety, cost, and energy density of Li-ion batteries, significant research efforts have been devoted to the search for new positive electrode materials that exhibit high redox potentials and are composed of low-cost, earth-abundant elements. Sulfate chemistry has yielded promising results for iron-based polyanionic electrode materials using the FeIII+/FeII+ redox couple, including the recent discovery of a monoclinic marinite Li2Fe(SO4)2 phase (3.83 V vs Li+/Li0). Here, we report the ball-milling synthesis and electrochemical properties of a new orthorhombic polymorph of Li2Fe(SO4)2, which reversibly reacts with lithium through a two-step redox process (3.73 and 3.85 V vs Li+/Li0) with an overall sustained capacity of about 90 mAh/g. Using similar synthesis conditions, the cobalt-, zinc-, magnesium-, and nickel-based orthorhombic analogues were also obtained, though no electrochemical activity was observed for these phases. Overall, our results demonstrate that polymorphism can play a crucial role in the search for new battery electrode materials and emphasize the need to understand and master synthetic control.
HPMC and inulin as fat replacers in biscuits: Sensory and instrumental evaluation (2013)

Because a high fat content in foods is associated with health disorders, consumers demand low fat products, but without any loss of their texture quality. The instrumental texture and sensory properties of biscuits in which 15 and 30 g/100 g of the fat has been replaced by two different carbohydrate-based fat replacers (inulin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) were studied. The instrumental texture measurements showed that inulin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) biscuits were harder and the sound emissions were higher than for the control biscuits. The trained sensory panel rated the biscuit with 15 percent fat replacement by inulin as crisper than the control. The consumer study revealed that fat replacement up to 15 g/100 g with inulin or HPMC provided acceptable biscuits, but higher replacement decreased the overall acceptability.
Antimicrobial bacteriophage-derived proteins and therapeutic applications (2015)

Antibiotics have the remarkable power to control bacterial infections. Unfortunately, widespread use, whether regarded as prudent or not, has favored the emergence and persistence of antibiotic resistant strains of human pathogenic bacteria, resulting in a global health threat. Bacteriophages (phages) are parasites that invade the cells of virtually all known bacteria. Phages reproduce by utilizing the host cell's machinery to replicate viral proteins and genomic material, generally damaging and killing the cell in the process. Thus, phage can be exploited therapeutically as bacteriolytic agents against bacteria. Furthermore, understanding of the molecular processes involved in the viral life cycle, particularly the entry and cell lysis steps, has led to the development of viral proteins as antibacterial agents. Here we review the current preclinical state of using phage-derived endolysins, virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolases, polysaccharide depolymerases, and holins for the treatment of bacterial infection. The scope of this review is a focus on the viral proteins that have been assessed for protective effects against human pathogenic bacteria in animal models of infection and disease.
Scaling laws for secrecy capacity in cooperative wireless networks (2014)

We investigate large wireless networks subject to security constraints. In contrast to point-to-point, interference-limited communications considered in prior works, we propose active cooperative relaying based schemes. We consider a network with n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> legitimate nodes and n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> eavesdroppers, and path loss exponent α ≥ 2. As long as n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (log(n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> )) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">γ</sup> = o(n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> ) holds for some positive γ, we show one can obtain unbounded secure aggregate rate. This means zero-cost secure communication, given a fixed total power constraint for the entire network. We achieve this result with (i) the source using Wyner randomized encoder and a serial (multi-stage) block Markov scheme, to cooperate with the relays, and (ii) the relays acting as a virtual multi-antenna to apply beamforming against the eavesdroppers. Our simpler parallel (two-stage) relaying scheme can achieve the same unbounded secure aggregate rate when n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">α/2 + 1</sup> (log(n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> )) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">γ+δ(α/2+1)</sup> = o(n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</sub> ) holds, for some positive γ, δ.
Alternating fluxes of positive and negative ions from an ion–ion plasma (2001)

Relatively electron-free positive- and negative-ion plasmas (ion–ion plasmas) have been achieved in the afterglow of pulsed-power Cl2 discharges. The application of a low-frequency (20 kHz) bias voltage phase locked to the source power modulation and synchronous with the ion–ion plasma, resulted in alternating fluxes of positive (Cl2+) and negative (Cl−) ions on a substrate. These results qualitatively agree with a one-dimensional fluid model. This technique to produce alternate irradiations could be used to reduce differential charging-induced damage in high-aspect-ratio etching processes.
Structure of [bis(diphenylphosphino)methane]bis(trifluoroacetato)palladium(II) (1990)

[Pd(C 2 F 3 O 2 ) 2 (C 25 H 22 P 2 )] cristallise dans P2 1 /n avec a=10,459, b=13,592 et c=20,927 A, β=90,46 o , Z=4; affinement jusqu'a R=0,069. La structure moleculaire consiste en un plan pseudocarre avec des liaisons Pd-P remarquablement courtes (2,219 et 2,233 A) et un angle O-Pd-O etroit (84,4 o ), ce qui est attribue a l'influence trans faible du trifluoroacetate et a l'influence trans forte de la phosphine
ChemInform Abstract: THE ALUMINOTITANIUM HYDRIDES ((C5H5)TI)2(H)(H2ALET2)(C10H8) AND ((C5H4)TIHALET2)2(C10H8) (1974)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Ti‐Dimeren (II) mit Triäthylaluminium in Toluol unter Stickstoff führt bei 25°C zu dem Produkt (I), das bei 100°C in Gegenwart von Triäthylaluminium in die Verbindung (III) übergeführt wird, die auch direkt aus (II) erhältlich ist.
A −786T>C polymorphism in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene reduces serum nitrite/nitrate levels from the heart due to an intracoronary injection of acetylcholine (2006)

We identified a -786T>C polymorphism in the eNOS gene, and this polymorphism was strongly associated with coronary spasm. The present study aimed to elucidate whether the -786T>C polymorphism or acetylcholine (ACh)-induced coronary spasm affects serum nitrite/nitrate (NOx) levels. The study population comprised three groups: (i) 26 patients without coronary spasm in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) with the T/T genotype (group A); (ii) 20 patients with coronary spasm in the LAD with the T/T genotype (group B); and (iii) 16 patients with coronary spasm in the LAD with the C/T genotype (group C). Paired blood samples were obtained from the coronary sinus (CS) and the aortic tract (Ao) before and after an intracoronary injection of ACh. Serum NOx and plasma lactate levels were measured. The delta NOx level was calculated as the serum concentration of NOx in the CS minus that in the Ao. We compared lactate extraction ratios (LERs) and delta NOx levels between the three groups. The LERs after the provocation test in groups A, B and C were 18.9+/-2.4%, -0.5+/-3.9% and -13.5+/-4.2%, respectively. The LER in group C was significantly lower than in group B. The delta NOx levels after the provocation test in groups A, B and C were 11.5+/-1.7 micromol/l, 10.4+/-3.5 micromol/l and -2.1+/-4.8 micromol/l, respectively. The delta NOx levels in group C were significantly lower (P<0.05). Although the NOx level was significantly increased after the provocation test in group A (P<0.05), the NOx level was significantly decreased after the provocation test in group C (P=0.001). In group B, the provocation test did not significantly change the delta NOx level. In conclusion, the -786T>C polymorphism reduces the NOx level from the heart due to an intracoronary injection of ACh, and thereby predisposes the patients to severe coronary spasm.
Molecular and crystal structure of N<sup>α</sup>-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline amide (1992)

Article Molecular and crystal structure of Nα-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline amide was published on October 1, 1992 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 200, issue 1-4).
New X-ray generator for interstitial radiotherapy (1994)

A small X-ray generating device for interstitial irradiation of tumors has recently been developed. Low-energy photons are emitted isotropically from the end of a narrow evacuated tube, which is inserted into the patient along a biopsy track. Dose rates are high, leading to treatment times of {approximately} 30 min. The low photon energy results in a limited dose to healthy tissue and no radiation hazard to medical personnel. This paper provides a brief description of the device, its output characteristics, and the current medical applications.
SU‐GG‐J‐115: Investigating the Utility of Dose‐Functional Histograms in Risk Assessment of Thoracic Radiotherapy (2008)

Purpose: Dose‐volume histograms (DVH) are commonly used for quality appraisal of treatment plans. However, since each volume of interest is treated as functionally and histologically uniform, the DVH reflects no information about the underlying anatomy. This simplification, while often reasonable, is excessive when applied to the lung. It has been frequently suggested that weighting dose distributions in thorax according to the relative functional integrity of the irradiated regions may provide better information for risk assessment of pneumonitis. We investigate the utility of dose‐density‐corrected histograms, and other potential dose‐functional metrics, in treatment plan evaluation, risk assessment of the treatment complications, and clinical decision‐making. Method and Materials: In the first approximation, the tissue density, estimated from CT data, can serve as a surrogate measure of lung perfusion, ventilation, or both. Potentially, the dose‐function histograms may be created based on more direct measurements of lung perfusion: e.g., with SPECT, helical CT with IV‐contrast, while ventilation may be estimated from point density changes between the extreme phases in respiratory‐correlated CT. For this study, clinical lung IMRT plans were analyzed using in‐house software, and DVH were compared to histograms corrected for tissue density (standard CT) and tissue‐density variations (respiratory‐correlated CT). Results: Generally, the DVH and density‐corrected histograms differ wherever density variations are present within the volumes of interest: e.g., in radiotherapy of tumors in the lung, paranasal sinuses. Substantial changes in certain histogram metrics were observed, e.g., the relative difference of over 20% between the dose to 60% of volume (D 60 ) and that to 60% of the lung mass. Conclusion: The adjustments to the shape of the histogram, resulting from density‐correlated weighting of the dose, will result in a different data binning in the outcome analysis, which may, in its turn, lead to refinements in the risk assessment models. Supported by NIH grants R01‐CA103904, RO1‐CA118200.
Cytoplasmic Ca2+ Homeostasis Maintained by a Vacuolar Ca2+ Transport System in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1985)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
IRRADIATION OF PHENOLIC AND EPOXY RESIN MODEL COMPOUNDS. Quarterly Progress Report No. III, October 1, 1960-January 1, 1961. Report No. 9. SRI Project No. SU-3204 (1961)

Electron irradiation of certain phenol-formaldehyde model compounds is being conducted to gain insight of the degradative process on the thermosetting resins, which are potentially useful as materials of construction for outer space vehicles. The break-down process during irradiation of the model compounds was studied by conducting experiments with 2,2'-dinydroxydipbenylmethane (DDM), its dimethyl ether, and some radical traps. Two experiments were done by irradinting a mixture of 2,2'-DDM and iodine; aa irradintion of 2,2'-DDM was also done under an oxygen atmosphere; and one run was made on the dimethyl ether of 2,2'-DDM. The results are summarized tabularly. The Co/sup 60/ irradiation of ortho-para linear phenol-formaldehyde polymer was repeated and the results, along with those from previous work on the ortho-orthe isomer, are reported. (auth)
Functional Gain and Speech Recognition With Two Types of FM Amplification (1986)

Functional gain and word recognition were assessed for nine hearing-impaired school children under two conditions of FM amplification: (a) FM auditory trainer with insert earphone, and (b) personal FM system with miniloop. On the average, the insert-earphone auditory trainer system provided slightly greater functional gain than did the miniloop system; differences were most consistent at frequencies below 1,000 Hz. For eight of the nine subjects, word recognition scores did not differ across the two amplification conditions. When they are adjusted properly, personal miniloop systems apparently may provide sufficient gain for speech recognition to some hearing-impaired children, with the exception of those children whose residual hearing is limited to low frequencies.
Coherent Control of Low Anharmonicity Systems for Superconducting Quantum Computing (2018)

This dissertation describes research to coherently control quantum states of superconducting devices. In the first project, the state of an 8 GHz 3D superconducting Al cavity at 20mK was manipulated to add a quantum of excitation. Preparing a harmonic resonator in a state with a well-defined number of excitations (Fock states) is not possible using one external classical drive. I generated Fock states by transferring a single excitation from a 5.5 GHz transmon qubit to a cavity using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP). I also extended the STIRAP technique to put the cavity in higher Fock states, superpositions of Fock states, and Bell states between the qubit and the cavity. Master-equation simulations of the system’s density matrix were in good agreement with the data, and I obtained estimated fidelities of 89%, 68% and 43% for the first three Fock states, respectively. The second project involved implementing an entangling gate between two Al/AlOx/Al transmon qubits that were mounted in an Al cavity and cooled to 20mK. Pertinent system frequencies were as follows: one qubit was at 6.0 GHz, the other qubit at 6.8 GHz, the cavity at 7.7 GHz, and the qubit-qubit dispersive shift was -1MHz. By applying a specially-shaped pulse of duration tg = 907ns, I implemented a generalized CNOT gate using an all-microwave technique known as Speeding up Waveforms by Inducing Phases to Harmful Transitions (SWIPHT). Using quantum process tomography, I found that the gate fidelity was 80%–82%, close to the 87% fidelity expected from decoherence in the transmons during the gate time. Details of the device fabrication, device characterization, measurement techniques, and extensive modeling of device behavior are presented, along with chi-matrix characterization of single-qubit gates and SWIPHT gates.
Cardiodepressive Effects of Mercurial Diuretics. Cardioprotective Value of BAL, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamin. (1949)

Mercuhydrin uniformly caused conduction delays in the A-V node and ventricles of the isolated rabbit heart. Electrical systole (Q-T interval) was likewise prolonged, and failure of A-V conduction (dropped beats) produced at lower than usual rates of stimulation-all at doses above 36 mg of mercury/kg of heart weight. Rapid cardiac asystole resulted from doses above 75 mg of mercury/kg of heart weight. Preliminary BAL, ascorbic acid, and thiamin, in descending order of efficacy, raised the blocking and cardiolethal dosages of mercuhydrin, and the same drugs administered following the mercurial compound partially reversed the cardiac effects measured. Theophylline ethylene diamine and epinephrine exhibited lesser cardio-protective activity. Magnesium sulphate and niacin had none.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel 7‐Substituted‐6‐fluoro‐1‐fluoromethyl‐4‐oxo‐4H‐[1,3]thiazeto [3,2‐a]quinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Study on the Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by RPLC/DAD (I) (1997)

The retention behaviors of 16 PAHs and 4 nitro-PAHs were studied with several parameters involved numbers of carbon atoms, F factor, aqueous solubility, L/B ratio, and numbers of interfering hydrogen atom pairs on the chemical structures of PAHs by using reversed-phase liquid chromatography/diode array detection method (RPLC/DAD) and gradient elution method. It was obtain that the log k' for most of PAHs with increasing the number of carbon and the F factor in their molecules. Chromatographic retention of PAH isomers and nitro-PAHs were examined with aqueous solubility, L/B ratio and number of interfering hydrogen atom pairs. As a result of comparison with these factors and retention times, it was found that those solutes having larger aqueous solubilities and greater L/B ratios were retained longer on stationary phase. This tendency was also occured in the molecules having the more number of interfering hydrogen atom pairs. Detection limits of PAHs which were obtained with three times measurements by RPLC/DAD were in the range of 100~500ng/mL and method detection limit(MDL) for water sample were in the range of 0.1~0.5ng/mL.
Synergy between the Mos/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway and Loss of p53 Function in Transformation and Chromosome Instability (1997)

Constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a property common to many oncoproteins, including Mos, Ras, and Raf, and is essential for their transforming activities. We have shown that high levels of expression of the Mos/MAPK pathway in Swiss 3T3 fibroblast cause cells in S phase to undergo apoptosis, while cells in G1 irreversibly growth arrest. Interestingly, cells in G2 and M phases also arrest at a G1-like checkpoint after proceeding through mitosis. These cells fail to undergo cytokinesis and are binucleated. Thus, constitutive overexpression of Mos and MAPK cannot be tolerated, and fibroblasts transformed by Mos express only low levels of the mos oncogene product. Here, we show that p53 plays a key role in preventing oncogene-mediated activation of MAPK. In the absence of p53 (p53-/-), the growth arrest normally observed in wild-type p53 (p53+/+) mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) is markedly reduced. The mos transformation efficiency in p53-/- MEFs is two to three orders of magnitude higher than that in p53+/+ cells, and p53-/- cells tolerate > 10-fold higher levels of both Mos and activated MAPK. Moreover, we show that, like Mos, both v-ras and v-raf oncogene products induce apoptosis in p53+/+ MEFs. These oncogenes also display a high transforming activity in p53-/- MEFs, as does a gain-of-function MAPK kinase mutant (MEK*). Thus, the p53-dependent checkpoint pathway is responsive to oncogene-mediated MAPK activation in inducing irreversible G1 growth arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, we show that the chromosome instability induced by the loss of p53 is greatly enhanced by the constitutive activation of the Mos/MAPK pathway.