gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PREPARE trial: a randomized phase III trial comparing preoperative, dose-dense, dose-intensified chemotherapy with epirubicin, paclitaxel and CMF versus a standard-dosed epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel {+/-} darbepoetin alfa in primary (2011)

BACKGROUND: Preoperative chemotherapy is a recommended treatment of both primary operable and locally advanced breast cancer. Strategies to improve efficacy include the use of anthracyclines, taxanes, and intensified dose with bone marrow support. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients received neoadjuvant epirubicin 90 mg/m(2) plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m(2) followed by paclitaxel 175 mg/m(2) (EC-->T), each 3-weekly for four cycles (n = 370), or epirubicin 150 mg/m(2) followed by paclitaxel 225 mg/m(2) with pegfilgrastim followed by CMF (cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m(2), methotrexate 40 mg/m(2), fluorouracil 600 mg/m(2)) on days 1 and 8 (E(dd)->T(dd)-->CMF), each 2-weekly and for three cycles (n = 363). Patients were randomly allocated to either simultaneous darbepoetin alfa (DA) (n = 356) or none (n = 377). RESULTS: Pathological complete response (pCR) rate (breast) was higher with E(dd)->T(dd)-->CMF, 18.7% versus 13.2% with EC->T; P = 0.043, ypT0/Tis; ypN0 was reported in 20.9% versus 14.3% respectively; P = 0.019. Patients with grade 3 tumors and negative hormone receptor status had a significantly higher pCR rate. Mean hemoglobin values maintained higher with DA (13.6 versus 12.6 g/dl). E(dd)->T(dd)->CMF regimen showed more grade 3-4 mucositis, sensory neuropathy, and neurological complaints. Thromboembolic events were more frequent on DA (3% versus 6%; P = 0.055). CONCLUSION: Dose-dense and -intensified neoadjuvant chemotherapy with E(dd)->T(dd)->CMF was potentially superior to EC->T in terms of pCR. Primary use of DA did not affect pCR.
75.5: Evaluating Procedure of Color Rendering Property on Reflective LCD (2010)

Abstract An evaluating procedure was introduced and demonstrated to reveal the impact of color appearance induced by ambient illumination for reflective‐type LCDs. The concepts of Color Rendering Index and Color Quality Scale were cooperated to account for the differences of color rendering between LED lightings with identical correlated color temperature but various spectra. The results showed that the colorimetric performance of reflective LCD was strongly dependent on various LED spectra and light level. And the proposed assessments, CRI and CQS, can effectively describe how well LED lighting renders the reflective‐type LCD.
Responses by adult Nitidulidae (Coleoptera) to synthetic aggregation pheromones, a coattractant, and effects of trap design and placement (2013)

Aggregation pheromones of the nitidulids, Carpophilus hemipterus (L.), C. freemani Dobson, C. mutilatus Erichson, and C. lugubris Murray were field tested at two sites (one in Crawford County and the other in Knox County) in Ohio. At both sites traps baited with pheromone plus bread dough caught at least five times more adult beetles than bread dough by itself. Trap design and height influenced trap catch. In most cases the nitidulid inventory technique trap yielded more nitidulids than did the wind-oriented pipe trap or the Japanese beetle trap. Trap performance in the field was dependent upon the nitidulid species responding. Aerial traps were preferred by C. lugubris and C. hemipterus, while C. freemani indicated no clear preference between aerial or ground traps. Two additional nitidulid species were captured in relatively large numbers by the coattractant: Stelidota geminata (Say), and Glischrochilus quadrisignatus (Say).
Method of designing layered sound absorbing materials (2002)

A widely used model for describing sound propagation in porous materials is the Johnson–Champoux–Allard model. This rigid frame model is based on five geometrical properties of the porous medium: resistivity, porosity, tortuosity, and viscous and thermal characteristic lengths. Using this model and with the knowledge of such properties for different absorbing materials, the design of a multiple layered system can be optimized efficiently and rapidly. The overall impedance of the layered systems can be calculated by the repeated application of single layer impedance equation. The knowledge of the properties of the materials involved in the layered system and their physical meaning, allows to perform by computer a systematic evaluation of potential layer combinations rather than do it experimentally which is time consuming and always not efficient. The final design of layered materials can then be confirmed by suitable measurements. A method of designing the overall acoustic absorption of multiple layered porous materials is presented. Some aspects based on the material properties, for designing a flat layered absorbing system are considered. Good agreement between measured and computed sound absorption coefficients has been obtained for the studied configurations. [Work supported by N.S.E.R.C. Canada, F.C.A.R. Quebec, and Bombardier Aerospace.]
Erratum to: Retardation of Crystallization of Diacylglycerol Oils Using Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters (2014)

First six figures (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) were swapped inadvertently in the original publication of the article. The correct figures and their relevant captions are given below. Time/temperature program for small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXD) experiment. The samples were cooled in a stepwise manner. SAXD patterns were recorded (dotted line) after holding the samples at the target temperatures for 60 min Time-variations in SFC values of DAG-rich oil with and without PGFE additives of a 0.2 % and b 1.0 % measured at 0 °C. τlag is induction time for crystallization. Values are means ± SE (n = 3) Optical micrographs obtained at different crystallization stages of DAG-rich oil with and without PGFE 3 additive (0.2 %). For both oils, micrographs were obtained at four temperatures during cooling processes at a rate of 0.5 °C/min DSC cooling thermopeaks of DAG-rich oil with and without PGFE 3 additive (0.2 %) Induction time for crystallization of model-DAG oil with and without PGFE 3 additive (0.2 %) measured at different temperatures Optical micrographs of model-DAG oil with and without PGFE additive (0.2 %) obtained at different stages of isothermal crystallization (3 °C)
Synthesis of gadolinium (±)-10-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyltriacetate via tribenzyl 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tricarboxylate (1991)

The synthesis of monogadolinium 10-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triyltriacetate 12 has been achieved through a multistep sequence. The key step in the synthesis was the reaction of the previously unknown tribenzyl 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-tricarboxylate 6 with ethyl 2-(trifluoromethylsulphonyloxy)propionate 4 to give 7. Reduction of 7 with LiBH4/9-OMe-BBN, followed by hydrogenolysis of the protecting groups (Z groups) yielded 2(1,4, 7,10-tetraazacyclododec-1-yl)propanol 10. The monosubstituted macrocycle 10 was alkylated with bromoacetic acid and then complexed with gadolinium oxide to yield the title compound.
Spin filtering by ultrathin ferromagnetic films (1999)

Spin filtering of ballistic electrons by ultrathin cobalt films of thicknesses ranging from 0.2 to 3.5 nm has been studied experimentally using nonmagnetic metal–ferromagnet–superconductor nanocontacts. In such systems the flow of electrons with energies below the superconducting gap is very sensitive to any net spin polarization of the electron current. This effect was used to quantitatively measure the transmission rates of up and down spin electrons passing through an individual ferromagnetic layer of nanometer thickness.
Commercial nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH) technology evaluation. Military aircraft battery implications (2002)

Available cylindrical and prismatic commercial Ni-MH batteries using AB/sub 5/ and AB/sub 2/ cathodes were evaluated for possible application to military aircraft batteries. Commercial AB/sub 5/ technology is further advanced than AB/sub 2/ technology and would require less alloy, electrolyte and single cell/battery development for near term (3-5 years) applications. Tested AB/sub 2/ technology appears inadequate to meet the near term military requirements and would require a major development in the alloy to overcome the irreversible capacity loss at temperatures above 49/spl deg/C.
Chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia. (1994)

Many therapeutic modalities have been or are being investigated for the management of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Conventional chemotherapy with hydroxyurea or busulfan continues to be the most widely prescribed modality. Recent data suggest that hydroxyurea is preferred over busulfan on the basis of survival rates, particularly among patients who undergo bone marrow transplantation. To improve on responses associated with interferon-alfa (IFN-alpha) alone, IFN-alpha has been added to drugs with selective activity against CML. Combining low-dose cytosine arabinoside and IFN-alpha improves outcome in patients with late chronic-phase CML. Preliminary results with homoharringtonine as induction therapy followed by the addition of IFN-alpha as maintenance therapy are also promising in patients with early chronic-phase CML. Enthusiasm regarding allogeneic bone marrow transplantation remains high, but there are problems related to paucity of ideal candidates, controversies regarding optimal timing, and some mortality. Interferon-alfa has been used in the immediate posttransplant period to reverse early cytogenetic relapse in a limited number of patients, which suggests that IFN-alpha also may be useful in preventing relapse in high-risk patients. In autologous bone marrow transplantation, there is interest among investigators in reducing the leukemic burden and altering the marrow microenvironment to favor normal hematopoiesis, but the effect of this alternative on survival is not yet known. Results suggest that young patients are candidates for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, whereas older patients should be offered IFN-based therapy initially.
Abstract 575: ApoE Determines the Functional Fate of ApoC-III: Hepatic Clearance vs. Lipase Activity (2017)

Clearance of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) is mediated by three main receptors syndecan-1 (SDC1), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and LDLR-related protein 1 (LRP1). Previous studies revealed that interactions of apolipoprotein (apo) E and apoA-V on TRLs with heparan sulfate chains of SDC1 are required for TLR clearance. ApoC-III is another apolipoprotein and emerging factor in regulating TG metabolism. We recently showed that apoC-III inhibits hepatic TRL clearance through the LDLR/LRP1 axis and that apoC-III accumulates on TRLs in mutant mice lacking functional SDC1 ( Ndst1 f/f Alb-Cre + ), suggesting that apoC-III enriched TRLs are preferentially cleared by SDC1. In this study we determined the impact of apoE, a common ligand for all three receptors, on apoC-III metabolism. In Apoe -/- Ndst1 f/f Alb-Cre + mice antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) lowering of apoC-III reduced plasma TG levels. In contrast to Ndst1 f/f Alb-Cre + mice the apoC-III ASO was not associated with improved hepatic TRL clearance in [ 3 H]retinol excursion studies in Apoe -/- Ndst1 f/f Alb-Cre + mice. Binding and uptake experiments in primary hepatocytes with apoE-deficient TRLs were not affected by the presence or absence of apoC-III. Reconstitution of the same TRLs with apoE inhibited clearance only of apoC-III enriched TRLs indicating that apoE is essential for apoC-III-mediated inhibition of TRL clearance. Further analysis revealed that apoC-III ASO improved lipase activity in Apoe -/- Ndst1 f/f Alb-Cre + mice. It remains to be determined if apoC-III lowering in the absence of apoE stimulates lipoprotein lipase or hepatic lipase or both. In conclusion we demonstrate that apoC-III blocks TRL clearance in an apoE-dependent manner and inhibits lipase activity in the absence of functional apoE.
Soluble Factors Released by Virus Specific Activated Cytotoxic T‐lymphocytes Induce Apoptotic Death of Astroglioma Cell Lines (2003)

Astrocytomas and astrogliomas represent the most common types of primary tumors in human central nervous system and are associated with high mortality due to the absence of efficient therapy. Here we demonstrate that, upon antigen-specific activation, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) secrete products that inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in a significant proportion of astroglioma cell lines. This effect is tumor specific in that normal cultured astrocytes do not develop apoptotic changes upon exposure to supernatant of activated CTLs. Experiments with purified lymphokines and lymphokine specific blocking antibodies indicate that synergistic activities of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon (INF)-gamma are required for the apoptosis inducing effect on some astroglioma cell lines. However, this effect appears to be dependent on additional factors produced by activated CTLs. Our results suggest that local application of factors released by activated CTLs or induction of CTL migration and activation in the tumor site may have a therapeutic effect in patients with astrogliomas.
Thermostable NADP <sup>+</sup> -Dependent Medium-Chain Alcohol Dehydrogenase from <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. Strain M-1: Purification and Characterization and Gene Expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

NADPH-dependent alkylaldehyde reducing enzyme, which was greatly induced by n-hexadecane, from Acinetobacter sp. strain M-1 was purified and characterized. The purified enzyme had molecular masses of 40 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 160 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography. The enzyme, which was shown to be highly thermostable, was most active toward n-heptanal and could use n-alkylaldehydes ranging from C(2) to C(14) and several substituted benzaldehydes, including the industrially important compounds cinnamyl aldehyde and anisaldehyde, as substrates. The alrA gene coding for this enzyme was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by the alrA gene exhibited homology to the amino acid sequences of zinc-containing alcohol dehydrogenases from various sources. The gene could be highly expressed in Escherichia coli, and the product was purified to homogeneity by simpler procedures from the recombinant than from the original host. Our results show that this enzyme can be used for industrial bioconversion of useful alcohols and aldehydes.
Dynamic and Reversible Organization of Zeolite L Crystals Induced by Holographic Optical Tweezers (2010)

Organization and patterning of zeolite L crystals with their unique properties such as their one-dimensional nano channel system is of highest topical interest with various applications in many areas of science. We demonstrate full three-dimensional optical control of single zeolite L crystals and for the first time fully reversible, dynamic organization of a multitude of individually controlled zeolite L crystals.
Temperature Dependence of Resonance Frequency of Shape-Memory Alloy Vibrated Photothermally (1994)

The temperature dependence of the resonance frequency for a cantilever of a shape-memory alloy vibrated photothermally is described. The temperature coefficient of the resonance frequency of the alloy with memory for shape recovery was positive (2.0×10 -2 /° C) at a temperature near the martensitic transformation, in contrast with it being negative (-2.2×10 -3 /° C) for the alloy without memory. The technique of using one laser for both excitation and detection was adopted for determining the resonance frequency of the photothermal vibration.
Beta-Layering in Foam-Lined Surrogate IFE Targets (2006)

Solid deuterium-tritium (the symbol DT is used here to represent the equilibrium mixture of 50% deuterium and 50% tritium, having the molecular composition: 25% D2, 50% deuterium tritide molecules, and 25% T2) (DT) is nucleated from DT-wetted foam and subsequently forms a uniform layer by the beta-layering phenomenon. Compared to DT frozen on smooth metal surfaces, the surface roughness of the inner-lying pure DT solid-vapor interface is substantially lower at all modal values higher than ~10, possibly due to the small-grain-size polycrystalline nature of the solid. For thick layers, deleterious effects are observed, notably the formation of DT-rich vapor voids in the foam matrix and the subsequent propagation of these voids into the pure solid DT layer.
Adsorption and Dynamics of Long‐Range Interacting Fullerenes in a Flexible, Two‐Dimensional, Nanoporous Porphyrin Network (2006)

Herein, a detailed investigation of the adsorption and dynamics of C60 and C70 fullerenes hosted in a self-assembled, two-dimensional, nanoporous porphyrin network on a solid Ag surface is presented. Time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of these supramolecular systems at the molecular scale reveal distinct host-guest interactions giving rise to a pronounced dissimilar mobility of the two fullerenes within the porphyrin network. Furthermore, long-range coverage-dependent interactions between the all-carbon guests, which clearly affect their mobility and are likely mediated by a complex mechanism involving the Ag substrate and the flexible porphyrin host network, are observed. At increased fullerene coverage, this unprecedented interplay results in the formation of large fullerene chains and islands. By applying a lattice gas model with nearest-neighbor interactions and by evaluating the fullerene-pair distribution functions, the respective coverage-dependent guest-guest interaction energies are estimated.
Squamosten-A, a Novel Mono-tetrahydrofuranic Acetogenin with a Double Bond in the Hydrocarbon Chain, from Annona aquamosa L. (1994)

Squamosten-A, a new mono-tetrahydrofuranic acetogenin possessing a double bond in the hydrocarbon chain, has been isolated from the seeds of Annona squamosa L. (Annonaceae). The structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectral evidence, including precursor-ion scanning spectra. Chemical degradation was successfully employed to determine the position of the double bond.
Chemoradiotherapy for primary CNS lymphoma (2006)

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Modified amylose biodegradability by α‐amylases (1997)

Abstract The site‐selective syntheses of water‐soluble (O‐2/O‐3)‐substituted amylose derivatives containing butyl ester, carboxymethyl, succinyl or quaternary ammonium side groups was carried out. In addition, routine chemical methods which did not employ protection‐deprotection steps provided water soluble (O‐2/O‐3/O‐6)‐substituted products. The biodegradation of these products as a function of site‐of‐substitution and degrees of substitution (ds) was studied by the α‐amylases from Aspergillus oryzae and Bacillus subtilis. Consistent with the results reported previously for acetyl amylose (Ref. 1), the O‐2/O‐3 substituted butyl amylose derivatives degraded faster and to higher percentages than the corresponding O‐2/O‐3/O‐6 substituted derivatives. Also, the overall rates and percentages of degradation for butyl amylose were much lower than acetyl amylose derivatives of comparable degree and site of substitution. Therefore, for the two enzymes studied, the introduction of longer chain length acyl side groups greatly reduced substrate degradability. For the charged derivatives, the rate and percentage of degradation decreased in the order carboxymethyl > succinyl > quaternary ammonium at comparable degree and site of substitution. We concluded that, as the length of the charged side chain substituent increased, the rate and extent of biodegradation decreased. Furthermore, in contrast to the results for neutral acetyl and butyl side groups, there was no significant difference in the rate and %‐degradation for charged side chain substituent groups when comparing O‐2/O‐3 and O‐2/O‐3/O‐6‐substituted derivatives. Finally, the introduction of anionic or cationic side chain groups resulted in decreased susceptibility to α‐amylase catalyzed chain cleavage when compared to similarly substituted acetyl and butyl amylose derivatives.
Risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in the multiethnic cohort study. (2006)

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006

PR-16 

We examined the independent association of body size, physical activity, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and medical conditions with the risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) among 167,200 African-American, Native-Hawaiian, Japanese-American, Latino and white men and women recruited to the prospective Multiethnic Cohort Study in 1993-1996. During a 8.3 year follow-up period, 375 (246 men and 129 women) incident cases of RCC were identified among these participants. Data on known and suspected risk factors for RCC were obtained from the baseline questionnaire. Relative Risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using COX proportional hazard regression and adjusted simultaneously for known or suspected risk factors. The risk of RCC increased with increasing body mass index (BMI) in both men and women with a much stronger trend observed in women (RR=1.07 per unit BMI, p trend <0.0001) than in men (RR=1.05, p trend =0.003). The RR associated with being obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) compared to being lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2) was 1.55 (95% CI 1.08, 2.23) for men and 2.37 (95% CI 1.44, 3.89) for women. Diagnosis of hypertension was associated with RCC; the RR was 1.47 (95% CI 1.13, 1.91) for men and 1.77 (95% CI 1.22, 2.56) for women. Increased total physical activity (as metabolic equivalent, METs) was associated with reduced risk only among women ( p trend =0.013). Cigarette smoking was confirmed to be a risk factor for both men and women. Increased alcohol consumption was significantly associated with lowered risk only among men ( p trend =0.021). Men who drank 1 or more alcoholic drink per day had lower RCC risk than men who did not drink (RR=0.69; 95% CI 0.51, 0.95). Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or kidney stone was not associated with RCC risk. We found that BMI, smoking, and hypertension were independently associated with RCC risk in both men and women, while the effects of physical activity and alcohol consumption on risk may be gender specific although tests for interactions between sex and these exposures on RCC risk were not significant.
An experimental and numerical investigation of natural convection plumes above a horizontal cylinder in an isothermal cubical enclosure (1996)

A comparison is presented between the predicted and measured temperature and velocity fields above a horizontal cylinder in natural convection. This is repeated for a second cylinder operating at the same Grashof number to confirm the non-dimensional scaling. The cylinders were centered in an isothermal cubical enclosure with water cooled walls. Measurements were made with hot wires operating in the constant temperature and constant current modes. A description of the calibration process is presented. These measurements give some details on the oscillation of the plume. The numerical predictions are from a computational package that is widely used in the electronics industry. The plumes are generally well-predicted, with some of the differences between prediction and measurement attributed to the sensitivity of the measured plume to the boundary conditions.