gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Settings and artefacts relevant for Doppler ultrasound in large vessel vasculitis (2017)

Ultrasound is used increasingly for diagnosing large vessel vasculitis (LVV). The application of Doppler in LVV is very different from in arthritic conditions. This paper aims to explain the most important Doppler parameters, including spectral Doppler, and how the settings differ from those used in arthritic conditions and provide recommendations for optimal adjustments. This is addressed through relevant Doppler physics, focusing, for example, on the Doppler shift equation and how angle correction ensures correctly displayed blood velocity. Recommendations for optimal settings are given, focusing especially on pulse repetition frequency (PRF), gain and Doppler frequency and how they impact on detection of flow. Doppler artefacts are inherent and may be affected by the adjustment of settings. The most important artefacts to be aware of, and to be able to eliminate or minimize, are random noise and blooming, aliasing and motion artefacts. Random noise and blooming artefacts can be eliminated by lowering the Doppler gain. Aliasing and motion artefacts occur when the PRF is set too low, and correct adjustment of the PRF is crucial. Some artefacts, like mirror and reverberation artefacts, cannot be eliminated and should therefore be recognised when they occur. The commonly encountered artefacts, their importance for image interpretation and how to adjust Doppler setting in order to eliminate or minimize them are explained thoroughly with imaging examples in this review.
Short-term fluctuations of plasma NT-proBNP levels in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: a way to assess time of onset? (2010)

In patients with new-onset AF but no clinical or radiographic evidence of heart failure, plasma NT-proBNP levels rise progressively to a peak during the first 24 h and then rapidly fall. This pattern may serve as an aid to assess the time from AF onset.
Application of simultaneous thermal analysis mass spectrometry and stable carbon isotope analysis in a carbon sequestration study (2005)

The simultaneous analysis of evolved gases and the determination of stable isotope composition (delta13C) as part of a thermal analysis experiment have been used to (a) distinguish bulk chemical hosts for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within a soil and (b) track labelled C within a soil sequestration experiment. C3 and C4 dung was applied to a pasture soil, and soil samples taken for analysis. The results of thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-quadrupole mass spectrometry-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TG-DSC-QMS-IRMS) show that the proportion of more refractory C (lignin-like) is greater for the dungs than for the soil organic matter (SOM), and that this increases with time within the soil. Analysis of evolved gases shows that nitrogen is associated with the decomposition of more refractory C, and is not so strongly associated with the labile C component. IRMS analysis distinguished C3 and C4 dung, and allowed the amount of C from these sources to be estimated for the soil samples. Most dung C enters the refractory SOM fraction. This paper demonstrates the potential of TG-DSC-QMS-IRMS in the investigation of SOM.
HIGHLY SECURE CRYPTOGRAPHIC COMPUTATIONS AGAINST SIDE- CHANNEL ATTACKS (2013)

Side channel attacks (SCAs) have been considered as great threats to modern cryptosystems, including RSA and elliptic curve public key cryptosystems. This is because the main computations involved in these systems, as the Modular Exponentiation (ME) in RSA and scalar multiplication (SM) in elliptic curve system, are potentially vulnerable to SCAs. Montgomery Powering Ladder (MPL) has been shown to be a good choice for ME and SM with counter-measures against certain side-channel attacks. However, recent research shows that MPL is still vulnerable to some advanced attacks [21, 30 and 34]. In this thesis, an improved sequence masking technique is proposed to enhance the MPL's resistance towards Differential Power Analysis (DPA). Based on the new technique, a modified MPL with countermeasure in both data and computation sequence is developed and presented. Two efficient hardware architectures for original MPL algorithm are also presented by using binary and radix-4 representations, respectively.
Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Stem Cells in High-Risk Breast Cancer Patients Using G-CSF After Standard Dose Docetaxel (2000)

Chemotherapy, in addition to recombinant growth factors, has been effective in mobilizing stem cells. Unfortunately, the use of chemotherapy for this purpose has resulted in profound myelosuppression and increased morbidity. Docetaxel, the single most active agent in the treatment of advanced breast cancer, was evaluated for its potential to mobilize stem cells when given at conventional doses followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Sixteen high-risk breast cancer patients were mobilized with a regimen consisting of docetaxel (100 mg/m2) followed by daily G-CSF (10 microg/kg), beginning 72 h after the docetaxel, and continuing until completion of the apheresis. The median white blood cell count (WBC) nadir was 1,000/microl (range 500 to 4000/microl ) occurring a median of 6 days (range 4 to 9 days) after the docetaxel. No patient experienced a neutropenic febrile episode due to the mobilization regimen. The median time interval for initiating the apheresis was 8 days (range 6 to 11 days) following the docetaxel. The median number of apheresis was 2 (range 1 to 3) in each patient. Stem cell recovery as measured by the CD34 cell count x 10(6)/kg was a median of 5.2 (range 1.4 to 15.1). A significant correlation was found between CFU-GM, BFU-E, and CFU-GEMM/kg and CD34 cells/kg (r = 0.891, 0.945, and 0.749, respectively, p < 0.001). When our results were compared to a matched cohort receiving G-CSF alone, the docetaxel group demonstrated a superior CD34 cells/kg yield (p = <0.001). Following myeloablative chemotherapy consisting of thiotepa and cyclophosphamide with or without carboplatinum, the hematopoetic recovery determined by an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of greater than 500/microl and an unsupported platelet count of > or =20,000/microl for 48 h, was a median of 10 days (range 9 to 14 days) and 10 days (range 8 to 30 days), respectively. The results demonstrate that conventional dose docetaxel, combined with G-CSF, is an effective mobilization regimen with minimal toxicity in high-risk breast cancer patients.
Recent developments in the psychobiology and pharmacotherapy of depression: optimising existing treatments and novel approaches for the future (2003)

Effective antidepressants include monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and novel agents, including serotonin and noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors. Although effective, current treatments most often produce partial symptomatic improvement (response) rather than symptom resolution and optimal functioning (remission). While current pharmacotherapies target monoaminergic systems, different symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) may have distinct neurobiological underpinnings and other neurobiological systems are likely involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. In this article a review of current pharmacotherapeutic options for MDD, current understanding of the neurobiology and pathogenesis of MDD and a review of new and promising directions in pharmacological research will be provided. It is generally accepted that no single neurotransmitter or system is responsible for the dysregulation found in MDD. While agents that affect monoaminergic systems will likely continue to be first-line treatments for MDD for the foreseeable future, a number of new and novel agents, including corticotropin-releasing factor antagonists, substance P antagonists and antiglucocorticoids show considerable promise for refining treatment options. In order to better understand the neurobiology and treatment response of MDD, it is probable that more sophisticated theory-driven typologies of MDD will have to be developed.
应用“软骨传导”技术的智能手机 (2012)

罗姆（ROHM）公司近日研发出应用＂软骨传导＂技术的智能手机演示体验机,这种新创意通过手机一角的振动来接听电话,在噪声环境下也可实现舒畅通话。通常,扬声器等发出的声音是经空气从耳孔进入再传递给鼓膜的。而＂软骨传导＂是声音从接触耳软骨的振动源,通过直接气导、
Modelling physical processes in silicon integrated circuit fabrication (1986)

The dimensions of silicon integrated circuits are continually being reduced, with critical features now as small as 1 mu m. Accurate modelling of the physical processes of ion implantation, diffusion and oxidation can significantly reduce the level of experimentation and are essential to silicon process development
Telespirometry: Novel System for Home Monitoring of Asthmatic Patients (1997)

Home monitoring of asthmatic patients with the telespirometry system may improve the management of the disease and the quality of life and reduce costly hospitalizations.
Singing Smoothes Classroom Transitions (2012)

“A helper I will be. A helper I will be. There’s work to do. There’s work to do. A helper I will be.” Katie, a 5-year-old, sings as she merrily bounces her head from side to side. The song is her kindergarten classroom cue to clean up. Katie is singing along with her teacher while she carries two boxes full of crayons to a shelf. Just as humming a merry tune helped Snow White and her furry animal friends to quickly clean a filthy cottage in the movie Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (Disney & Cottrell, 1937), singing can be an effective way to help keep young children fully engaged during classroom transitions. The purposes of this article are to:
A follow-up study of hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection (2004)

AIM: To observe the long term development of infants with Hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection. METHODS: HBV markers (including HBsAg, anti HBs, HBeAg, anti HBe, anti HBc) in all followed up subjects were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the serum alanine transaminase levels were assayed by autoanalyzer. RESULTS: Fifty nine pairs of mothers and children were followed up. Among the 59 children, 5 were sera positive for HBsAg at birth, out of whom, 3 were persistently sera positive for HBsAg, and they were all born from mothers whose sera were positive for HBsAg and HBeAg, the rest 2 became sera negative for HBsAg and positive for anti HBs. Obvious differences were found in the mothers sera HBV markers before and after delivery. CONCLUSION: Serum positivity for HBeAg in mothers blood samples is the most important risk factor of HBV intrauterine infection, and serum positivity for both HBsAg and HBeAg are the risk factor of the childrens chronic HBV infection. Intrauterine infection may be responsible for the nonresponse to the vaccine in infants. HBsAg positive pregnant women may increase the risk of intrauterine infection.
The Distribution and Function of Alternatively Spliced Insertions in hDlg (2002)

hDlg is the human homolog of the Drosophila Discs-large tumor suppressor. As a member of the MAGUK (membrane-associated guanylate kinase) family of scaffolding proteins, hDlg is composed of three PDZ (PSD-95, Dlg, and ZO-1) repeats, an SH3 (Src homology 3) motif, and a GUK (guanylate kinase-like) domain. Additionally, hDlg contains two regions of alternative splicing. Here we identify a novel insertion, I1B, located N-terminal to the PDZ repeats. We further analyze the tissue-specific combinations of insertions and correlate those results with the distribution of protein isoforms. We also identify the functions of the two alternatively spliced regions. The N-terminal alternatively spliced region is capable of binding several SH3 domains and also moderates the level of protein oligomerization. Insertions in the second region are responsible for determining the localization of hDlg, with insertion I3 targeting the protein to the membrane regions of cell-cell contact and insertion I2 targeting the protein to the nucleus.
Regulated Necrotic Cell Death (2015)

Although the molecular effectors of apoptotic cell death have been largely annotated over the past 30 years, leading to a strong biological understanding of this process and its importance in cell biology, cell death through necrosis has only recently been accepted as a similarly regulated process with definable molecular effectors. The mitochondria are important and central mediators of both apoptosis and regulated necrosis. In apoptosis, the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family members Bcl-2-associated protein x (Bax) and Bcl-2 homologues antagonist/killer (Bak) undergo oligomerization in the outer mitochondrial membrane resulting in the release of apoptosis inducing substrates and the activation of caspases and nucleases. In contrast, during necrosis the mitochondria become dysfunctional and maladaptive in conjunction with reactive oxygen species production and the loss of ATP production, in part through opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Although regulated necrosis is caspase-independent, recent evidence has shown that it still requires the apoptotic regulators Bax/Bak, which can regulate the permeability characteristics of the outer mitochondrial membrane in their nonoligomerized state. Here, we review the nonapoptotic side of Bcl-2 family, specifically the role of Bax/Bak in regulated necrotic cell death. We will also discuss how these Bcl-2 family member effectors could be part of a larger integrated network that ultimately decides the fate of a given cell somewhere within a molecular continuum between apoptosis and regulated necrosis.
Corneal electroretinographic function rescued by normal retinal pigment epithelial grafts in retinal degenerative Royal College of Surgeons rats. (1994)

Results indicate that retinal function of degenerative RCS rats, as measured by corneal ERG, can be rescued by implantation of allogeneic normal RPE into the subretinal space of the eye. Furthermore, this rescued function can be followed up over a relatively long period of time, thus providing a useful model for studying the functional changes of RPE allografts resulting from either immunologic or neurobiologic influences.
Water Salination: A Source of Energy (1974)

The thermodynamically reversible mixing of freshwater and seawater at constant temperature releases free energy. Salination power as a resource is comparable with hydroelectric power in magnitude; U.S. freshwater runoff could yield over 10(10) watts. The energy flux available for natural salination is equivalent to each river in the world ending at its mouth in a waterfall 225 meters high. An osmotic salination converter could possibly operate at 25 percent efficiency. This energy source is renewable and nonpolluting. Although its full utilization would destroy estuarine environments, it might be practical for specialized purposes.
An update on enzalutamide in the treatment of prostate cancer (2014)

Enzalutamide is an oral androgen receptor inhibitor that targets multiple steps in the androgen receptor signaling pathway. In the randomized phase III AFFIRM study, significant improvements in survival versus placebo were observed when enzalutamide was used as a treatment for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following prior treatment with docetaxel. Additional benefits included significant delay in time to first skeletal-related event, and improvement in several measures of pain and health-related quality of life. Treatment effects were consistent across all prespecified subgroups. The phase III PREVAIL study evaluated enzalutamide versus placebo in patients with mCRPC who had not received chemotherapy. Enzalutamide significantly decreased the risk of radiographic progression and death. There were also significant improvements in all secondary and prespecified exploratory endpoints, including delayed initiation of chemotherapy, reduction in risk of first skeletal-related event and a high percentage of patients with objective response compared with placebo. Enzalutamide was also studied in hormone naïve patients (as monotherapy) in a small, open-label phase II study in patients with prostate cancer who were eligible for androgen-deprivation therapy. A prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, defined as ⩾80% decline in PSA level from baseline at week 25, was achieved in 92.5% of patients. Long-term follow up is ongoing. Despite differences between these three trials, enzalutamide displayed a favorable safety profile in all three patient populations. Similar rates of adverse events between the enzalutamide and placebo groups were observed in AFFIRM and PREVAIL, with fatigue, diarrhea, back pain and hot flashes being more common with enzalutamide than with placebo. Hypertension was reported at a higher rate in the enzalutamide group than in the placebo group in PREVAIL. Breast-related disorders associated with enzalutamide treatment were also reported in the Monotherapy trial. Few seizures were reported in any trial. Enzalutamide is being studied in several early disease state populations.
The Objective Assessment of Fabric Pilling. Part II: Experimental Work (1994)

The paper presents the results of pilling assessments of fifty knitted fabrics by the application of the laser triangulation technique. It also compares the results with the corresponding values given by a panel of judges.
Sparsity and Spatial Localization Measures for Spatially Distributed Systems (2014)

We consider the class of spatially decaying systems, where the underlying dynamics are spatially decaying and the sensing and controls are spatially distributed. This class of systems arise in various applications where there is a notion of spatial distance with respect to which couplings between the subsystems can be quantified using a class of coupling weight functions. We exploit spatial decay property of the underlying dynamics of the system to introduce a class of sparsity and spatial localization measures for spatially distributed systems. We develop a new methodology based on concepts of $q$-Banach algebras of spatially decaying operators that enable us to establish a relationship between spatial decay properties of spatially decaying systems and their sparsity and spatial localization features. Moreover, it is shown that the inverse-closedness property of operator algebras plays a central role in exploiting various structural properties of spatially decaying systems. We characterize conditions for exponentially stability of spatially decaying system over $q$-Banach algebras and prove that the unique solutions of the Lyapunov and Riccati equations over a proper $q$-Banach algebra also belong to the same $q$-Banach algebra. It is shown that the quadratically optimal state feedback controllers for spatially decaying systems are sparse and spatially localized in the sense that they have near-optimal sparse information structures.
G-quadruplex-based logic gates for Hg<sup>II</sup> and Ag<sup>I</sup> ions employing a luminescent iridium(<scp>iii</scp>) complex and extension of metal-mediated base pairs by polymerase (2015)

We report herein the synthesis of a series of cyclometallated iridium(iii) complexes as luminescent G-quadruplex-selective probes, which were used to construct AND, OR and INHIBIT logic gates for the detection of Hg<sup>II</sup> and Ag<sup>I</sup> ions. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the C-Ag<sup>I</sup>-T mismatched base pair has been used for the construction of luminescent assays or logic gates.
A comparison of the performance of the Burj Al-outdoor hybrid system and a complete real-system model of wind turbine power generation built in MATLAB utilizing Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. (2019)

With the world's recent accelerated economic growth, electricity scarcity has become one of the most pressing challenges confronting many nations. Renewable, clean, and green electricity is the ideal replacement for non-renewable energy as a result of increasing fossil fuel costs and advanced technologies. In this paper, we will compare real values modeling of wind turbine power generation system built in MATLAB with experimental readings for output dc current and output dc voltage before battery storage line Vs wind speed applied on an outdoor hybrid system located in Burj Al-Arab in order to demonstrate that this complete real system wind turbine system was built in SIMULINK model. The WT model was developed using actual mechanical torque and power values. For producing electricity, a fixed operated pitch wind-driven turbine model was used (PMSM). The complexities of each part of the generation system, as well as their interconnections, are used to construct each part of the system. SimPower Systems library is used to build the model in MATLAB/Simulink. For an isolated load, the output of the constructed model is investigated. A SIMULINK model of the entire device with wind turbine has been established, and some relationships and curves have been deduced from the MATLAB/Simulink model using the XY graph and scopes.
Synchronization and Frequency Regulation of DFIG-Based Wind Turbine Generators With Synchronized Control (2017)

Synchronized control (SYNC) is widely adopted for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine generators (WTGs) in microgrids and weak grids, which applies P-f droop control to achieve grid synchronization instead of phase-locked loop. The DFIG-based WTG with SYNC will reach a new equilibrium of rotor speed under frequency deviation, resulting in the WTG's acceleration or deceleration. The acceleration/deceleration process can utilize the kinetic energy stored in the rotating mass of WTG to provide active power support for the power grid, but the WTG may lose synchronous stability simultaneously. This stability problem occurs when the equilibrium of rotor speed is lost and the rotor speed exceeds the admissible range during the frequency deviations, which will be particularly analyzed in this paper. It is demonstrated that the synchronous stability can be improved by increasing the P-f droop coefficient. However, increasing the P-f droop coefficient will deteriorate the system's small signal stability. To address this contradiction, a modified synchronized control strategy is proposed. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the analysis and the proposed control strategy.
The transcription factor NURR1 exerts concentration-dependent effects on target genes mediating distinct biological processes (2011)

The transcription factor NURR1 plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of neurotransmitter phenotype in midbrain dopamine neurons. Conversely, decreased NURR1 expression is associated with a number of dopamine-related CNS disorders, including Parkinson's disease and drug addiction. In order to better understand the nature of NURR1-responsive genes and their potential roles in dopamine neuron differentiation and survival, we used a human neural cellular background (SK-N-AS cells) in which to generate a number of stable clonal lines with graded NURR1 gene expression that approximated that seen in DA cell-rich human substantia nigra. Gene expression profiling data from these NURR1-expressing clonal lines were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and subjected to bioinformatic analyses. The present study identified a large number of NURR1-responsive genes and demonstrated the potential importance of concentration-dependent NURR1 effects in the differential regulation of distinct NURR1 target genes and biological pathways. These data support the promise of NURR1-based CNS therapeutics for the neuroprotection and/or functional restoration of DA neurons.
The Effects of Core Proprioception on Knee Injury (2007)

Impaired core proprioception, measured by active proprioceptive repositioning of the trunk, predicted knee injury risk in female, but not male, athletes.