gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission electron microscopy study of the oxidation of TiN layers during sputtering process (2008)

Epitaxial SrRuO3∕SrTiO3 (001) thin films with a TiN template layer have been deposited on Si(001) single crystal substrates by rf sputtering. The epitaxial orientation relationship was determined to be cube on cube with respect to Si and the crystal quality of the SrRuO3∕SrTiO3 film is preserved even when the TiN template layer was oxidized into anatase phase of TiO2 during the sputtering process of SrRuO3. The effect of oxygen plasma on the oxidation and delamination of the TiN layer has been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The stress in the thin film of SrRuO3∕SrTiO3∕TiN structure was determined from the buckle shape in both plan view and cross-sectional TEM images. The critical stress and the compressive stress were estimated to be 2 and 4GPa.
Retroposon Insertions Provide Insights into Deep Lagomorph Evolution (2010)

The homogenous mammalian order Lagomorpha comprises about 80 species in two families, Ochotonidae (pikas) and Leporidae (rabbits and hares). However, the phylogenetic relationships among leporids are controversial. Molecular data, particularly from mitochondrial sequences, give highly homoplasious signals. To resolve the controversy between mitochondrial and nuclear data, we analyzed genomic orthologous retroposon insertion sites, a virtually homoplasy-free marker system. From a differential screen of rabbit genomic data for intronic retroposon insertions of CSINE elements, we polymerase chain reaction-amplified and sequenced 11 retroposons in eight representative lagomorphs. We found three retroposons shared among all lagomorphs but absent in outgroups, four confirmed the monophyly of leporids, and three significantly supported Pronolagus as the sister group to all other leporids. One retroposon supported the monophyly of Lepus. The position of Pronolagus outside of the remaining leporids supports the sequence-based signals of nuclear genes and clearly refutes the misleading signals of mitochondrial genes.
Effect of a single injection of prolactin on the serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and corticosterone and liver monodeiodinase in the domestic fowl before and after hatching (1985)

The influence of an intravenous injection of ovine prolactin on the liver monodeiodinase activity and serum concentrations of thyroid hormones and corticosterone was studied in Hisex embryos and chicks after hatching. An injection of 1 and 10 micrograms ovine prolactin into 18-day-old chick embryos increased serum concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T3) five- and eightfold respectively after 2 h. At the same time serum concentrations of thyroxine (T4) and reverse T3 (rT3) were decreased in the chick embryo, but only with 10 micrograms prolactin. This was accompanied by a doubling of the liver monodeiodinase activity. Serum concentrations of corticosterone, however, were not influenced by the prolactin injections. In the 5-day-old chicken, serum concentrations of T3, rT3, T4 and liver T4-5'-monodeiodinase activity were not influenced by 1 or 10 micrograms prolactin. Serum concentrations of corticosterone after injection of 1 or 10 micrograms prolactin were doubled compared with controls. These results are compatible with a prolactin-induced shift from a T4-5-monodeiodination into a T4-5'-monodeiodination in the liver at the end of incubation. This effect, however, is not mediated through a prolactin-induced corticosterone release.
<sup>31</sup>P MAS-NMR Studies of CaO-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Glass Ceramics (2006)

This work reports the structure of two glass ceramics prepared in the calcium phosphate system, MK5B and MT13B, using 31P MAS-NMR technique. The results obtained showed that the network of MK5B consisted mainly of Q1 and Q2 groups. Besides these two groups, MT13B material also present Q3 units. The Qn groups detected in both glass ceramics seem to be correlated to the crystalline phases present in their microstructure.
Transport of <scp>P</scp>ru p 3 across gastrointestinal epithelium – an essential step towards the induction of food allergy? (2013)

The capacity of food allergens to cross the intestinal monolayer could explain their high allergenic capacity and its fast diffusion through the body associating to severe symptoms.
In vivo small animal PET/CT imaging of herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase expression by human telomerase reverse transcriptase RNA targeted trans-splicing ribozyme (2013)

1344 Objectives Telomerase activity is highly elevated in 85-90% of human cancers. The activity is regulated mainly by human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression. We are aimed at evaluation of hTERT positive tumor-specific herpes simplex virus type 1-thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) expression by hTERT RNA-targeted trans-splicing ribozyme with PET/CT imaging. Methods Adenoviral vector (AdCRT) expressing the trans-splicing ribozyme was constructed. In vitro cellular uptake of 125I-1-(2-deoxy-2- fluoro-1-β-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil (125I-FIAU) was performed after infection of AdCRT to hTERT positive cell line (human colon cancer, HT-29) and negative cell lines (human lung fibroblast, IMR-90 and human lung cancer, SK-LU-1), respectively. In vivo PET/CT images were acquired with 124I-FIAU (7.4 MBq/head) in AdCRT (1X109 pfu/head) injected HT-29 xenograft models. After imaging, organs were extracted for biodistribution analysis. Results 125I-FIAU uptake was about 8-fold increased in hTERT positive cells (19.64±0.31%) compared with hTERT negative cells (2.56±0.42%) after AdCRT infection. Specific uptake of 124I-FIAU was observed in hTERT positive tumors through in vivo PET/CT imaging as well as biodistribution analysis. Conclusions This study showed specific HSV1-tk expression using hTERT RNA targeted trans-splicing ribozyme in hTERT positive tumor. Quantitative analysis of HSV1-tk expression level could be made by in vivo PET/CT imaging with 124I-FIAU.
Seismic interpretation, distribution, and numerical modelling of natural gas leakage on Block 2 of the Orange Basin, offshore South Africa (2010)

We have analysed several hundreds of km of 2-D seismic reflection profiles and ten wells, in an area of about 18750 km corresponding to the exploration Block 2 of the Orange Basin, located offshore of the South African continental margin. Our main goals are: (1) to characterize the different natural gas leakage features present on the basin, (2) to understand their relationship with structural and stratigraphic elements, and (3) to quantify the liquid/gas hydrocarbon generation, migration and seepage dynamics through the post-rift history of the basin.
An Industrial Approach to Evaluating Environmental Safety of New Products (1977)

A systematic approach is presented for evaluating the safety of new products to employees, customers, consumers, and the environment. Upon initiation of a project to commercialize a new product, a safety assessment schedule is prepared which considers physical and chemical properties, use patterns, environmental persistence, physical and biological accumulation potential, interaction with environmental components, and toxicity. Safety data are obtained in a logical scheme from simple screening to confirmative studies, thus enabling hazard evaluations to be made continuously during product development. Application and utility of this concept to assess aquatic safety is demonstrated using results from a current detergent builder program.
Recherches en vue de la synthèse de barbiturates organostanniques (1971)

Abstract Triphenyl and tributyltin hydrides have been found to add to the terminal double bond of unsaturated ethyl malonates to give organotin substituted ethyl malonates. Attempted cyclisation of the latter into barbituric compounds failed.
Maximization of the annual energy production of wind power plants by optimization of layout and yaw-based wake control (2016)

This paper presents a wind plant modeling and optimization tool that enables the maximization of wind plant annual energy production (AEP) using yaw-based wake steering control and layout changes. The tool is an extension of a wake engineering model describing the steady-state effects of yaw on wake velocity profiles and power productions of wind turbines in a wind plant. To make predictions of a wind plant's AEP, necessary extensions of the original wake model include coupling it with a detailed rotor model and a control policy for turbine blade pitch and rotor speed. This enables the prediction of power production with wake effects throughout a range of wind speeds. We use the tool to perform an example optimization study on a wind plant based on the Princess Amalia Wind Park. In this case study, combined optimization of layout and wake steering control increases AEP by 5%. The power gains from wake steering control are highest for region 1.5 inflow wind speeds, and they continue to be present to some extent for the above-rated inflow wind speeds. The results show that layout optimization and wake steering are complementary because significant AEP improvements can be achieved with wake steering in a wind plant layout that is already optimized to reduce wake losses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
[Bacterial contamination of surgical wounds and prevention of purulent wound complications with the aid of modified Redon drainage]. (1978)

In this study, the effectiveness of secondary education teachers' interpersonal behaviour is investigated by analysing data from 2 samples: a study on 45 Physics teachers and their 3rd-year classes and a study on 32 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teachers and their 3rd-year classes. Teacher interpersonal behaviour was studied by means of students' perceptions of this behaviour, collected with the Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI). These perceptions include 2 important dimensions: Influence and Proximity. Results of multilevel analyses with various covariates indicated that Influence and Proximity were positively related to both cognitive and affective outcomes. Interpersonal behaviour explained up to more than half of the variance in student outcomes at the teacher-class level. The outcomes suggest that interpersonal behaviour as perceived by students may be an important variable for educational effectiveness researchers.
Reactivity of Amylose and Amylopectin in Potato Starch (1984)

Abstract The availability for reaction of amylose and amylopectin in potato starch was investigated by etherifying potato starch in granular form and in solution with diethylaminoethylchloride to a very low degree of substitution. The distribution of ether groups over both starch fractions was subsequently determined. A higher reactivity of amylose with respect to amylopectin was found for granular starch, in contrast with reaction in solution, where both starch fractions show almost equal degree of substitution. This indicates a difference in physical state between amylose and amylopectin in granular potato starch. Furthermore it was shown, that the relative reactivity of the starch fractions can be varied by physical modification of the native starch.
Proposal for Intersection Passage Support Systems Based on Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperation and Using the Existing Traffic Information Infrastructure (2013)

Many traffic accidents in Japan are vehicle-to-vehicle crashes that occur at intersections, including crossing path accidents and rear-end collisions with vehicles waiting for traffic signals to change. The principal cause of these accidents is perceptual error by drivers. A driving safety support system (DSSS) was put in operation in Japan in July 2011 with the aim of reducing such intersection accidents. This system detects the presence of a collision partner (vehicle or pedestrian) in a position difficult to see for a driver approaching an intersection. That information is conveyed to the driver as quickly as possible from an overhead optical beacon via a road-vehicle communication system. If necessary, the system issues an alert to call the driver’s attention to the risk of a collision. However, even though nearly two years have passed since the system began operating, little progress has been made in installing the related roadside infrastructure. Fewer than 20 intersections are equipped with the necessary infrastructure devices at present. Therefore, as a measure for promoting the near-term deployment of DSSS, this paper proposes an intersection passage support system that uses the existing traffic information infrastructure which is already widely installed.
Measuring Human Energy Intake and Ingestive Behavior: Challenges and Opportunities [From the Technical Committees] (2016)

Discusses the need for the medical community to use more advanced sensor-based tools, wearable computers, and media equipment to monitor and treat diabetes and obesity.
ANG II-induced translocation of cytosolic PLA<sub>2</sub> to the nucleus in vascular smooth muscle cells (1998)

The accumulation of radiolabeled arachidonic acid (AA), immunoblot analysis of subcellular fractions, and immunofluorescence tagging of proteins in intact cells were used to examine the coupling of ANG II receptors with the activity and location of a cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). ANG II induced the accumulation of AA, which peaked by 10 min and was downregulated by 20 min. A large proportion of the AA released in response to ANG II was due to the activation of a Ca(2+)-dependent lipasc coupled to an AT1 receptor. However, regulation of Ca2+ availability failed to completely block AA release, and a small but significant reduction in ANG II-mediated AA release was observed in the presence of an AT2 antagonist. These findings, coupled with a 25% reduction in the ANG II-induced AA release by an inhibitor specific for a Ca(2+)-independent PLA2, are consistent with the presence and activation of a Ca(2+)-independent PLA2. In contrast, immunoblot analysis and immunofluorescence detection showed that the ANG II-mediated translocation of cPLA2 to a membrane fraction was exclusively AT1 dependent and regulated by Ca2+ availability. Furthermore, the nucleus was the membrane target. We conclude that ANG II regulates the Ca(2+)-dependent activation and translocation of cPLA2 through an AT1 receptor and that this event is targeted at the nucleus in VSMC.
Preparation of epitaxial ABO3 perovskite-type oxide thin films on a (100)MgAl2O4/Si substrate (1989)

Epitaxial thin films of ABO3 perovskite-type oxides, including PbTiO3, (Pb0.90La0.10) (Zr0.65Ti0.35)0.975O3,BaTiO3, and SrTiO3, have been successfully obtained by rf magnetron sputtering on (100)Si substrate with an intermediate epitaxial layer of MgAl2O4. Only PbTiO3 grew in the tetragonal crystal structure and other materials grew in the cubic structure. The unit axis direction of the perovskite-type oxide films was coincident with that of the underlying MgAl2O4 films. The tetragonal PbTiO3 films were a mixture of c and a domain. The preferred orientation of the tetragonal PbTiO3 film, that is c to a domain volume ratio, could be controlled by the conditions of sample cooling after the deposition. Highly c-axis oriented films, which consisted of more than 90% c domains, were produced by cooling the sample at a high cooling rate, typically 30 °C/min, and by maintaining an rf plasma during cooling. The mechanism of the preferred orientation of PbTiO3 film has been explained by a balance of compressive stress due to a self-bias effect and tensile stress due to the lattice mismatch and due to the lattice anisotropy of tetragonal PbTiO3.
Evaluation of Clad Tubing after 18 Years of Service in a Coal-Fired Utility Boiler (2000)

Abstract Co-extruded clad tubing that had experienced approximately 18 years of service in the heat exchanger sections of a coal-fired utility boiler was examined with respect to flue gas / coal ash corrosion on the O.D., steam corrosion on the I.D., and retention of mechanical strength on part of the alloy 800H core. The corrosion-resistant cladding (a 50Ni-50Cr alloy) generally performed well, exhibiting pitting only at a very few locations where the most severe environment had prevailed. Corrosion of the alloy 800H cores on the steamside was negligible. Tensile and stress-rupture strength of the 800H cores actually increased during service, while tensile ductility dropped moderately remaining within acceptable levels.
Abstract 534: GPR30 Stimulates Capillary Formation by Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2012)

Estradiol (E2) induces vascular repair by promoting endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) growth and capillary formation. Based on our previous findings that the capillary stimulating effects of E2 are mimicked by its non-permeable analog, BSA-tagged E2, we hypothesize that the stimulatory effects are potentially mediated via the newly discovered membrane bound estrogen receptor (ER) GPR30. To investigate this, we assessed capillary formation by EPC derived endothelial cells in response to E2, and GPR30 agonists (G1) and antagonist (G15) in a matrigel based assay. Capillary formation was assessed microscopically by quantifying junction/sprout formation and capillary length. E2 (10nM) increased EPC-induced capillary formation by 126 ± 5% and these effects were mimicked by G1 (stimulated by 133 ± 8.9% and 210 ± 7.2% by 1 and 10 nM, respectively) and propyl-pyrazole-triol [PPT; stimulated by 143 ± 9%; 100 nM; ER-α agonist], but not by diarylpropionitrile (ER-β agonist). The stimulatory effects of estradiol, G1 and PPT were significantly (p<.05) abrogated by G15 (20nM), a GPR30 antagonist, suggesting a role for GPR30 in mediating the capillary stimulatory effects of E2. Interestingly, the stimulatory of estradiol, PPT and G1 were also abrogated by methyl-piperidino-pyrazole (ER-α antagonist), implying that the stimulatory effects of E2 are mediated via cross-talk between GPR30 and membrane bound ER-α. Because, receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), hemeoxygenase (HO), and G-protein coupled mechanisms are involved in capillary formation we investigated their role in GPR30 induced capillary formation. The stimulatory effects of G1 were blocked by SU5416 (RTK inhibitor), ZnPP (HO inhibitor), pertusis toxin (G protein pathway inhibitor), and LY294002 (Akt pathway inhibitor). Moreover, treatment of EPCs with G1 induced expression of phosphorylated-Akt and HO-1, but not MAPK. We conclude that E2 via GPR30 or GPR30-coupled ER-α promotes EPC-mediated capillary formation by a mechanism that involves non-genomic activation of RTKs and HO-1 activation. E2 in particular and GPR30 agonists in general may promote healing of injured vascular beds by promoting EPC activity leading to more rapid endothelial recovery and capillary formation following injury.
Modificación ultraestructural de las membranas derivadas del retículo endoplasmático y morfogénesis del virus de la hepatitis C en muestras de hígado humano (2016)

Introduction: hepatitis C virus infection is considered as a leading cause of liver disease worldwide. Despite recent advances in understanding the hepatitis C virus life cycle using the highly replicative JFH1 strain in human hepatoma cells, little is known about hepatitis C virus morphogenesis. Low levels of hepatitis C virus assembly in this cell culture model as well as low levels and complexity of hepatitis C virus particles in infected humans and chimpanzees have hampered the study of hepatitis C virus morphogenesis in vivo. Objetivo: to study the ultrastructural features and viral assembly events in hepatocytes from HCV hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Methods: liver needle biopsies samples of patients with hepatitis C virus infection, specific antibodies against hepatitis C virus and transmission electron microscopy and immunoelectron microscopy analyses were used in this study. Results: ultrastructural studies in liver biopsies from hepatitis C virus-infected patients revealed that hepatitis C virus infection was related with remodelling of endoplasmic reticulum-derived membranes and with a variety of cytoplasmic microenvironments in hepatocytes. Dilated endoplasmic reticulum and formation of various membrane vesicles are features that have been associated with the viral replication complex. Interestingly, hepatitis C virus-like particles and core-like particles budding and assembly were observed near convoluted electron-dense membranes and tubular structures. Particularly, hepatitis C virus structural proteins localize to the endoplasmic reticulum. Conclusions: these events indicate that hepatitis C virus nucleocapsids and early virion assembly take place at endoplasmic reticulum membranes that are associated with these cytoplasmic microenvironments in human hepatocytes.
Physiological variables as markers for symptoms, risk, and interventions in heart failure (1993)

Denosumab emerges as a new treatment for patients with GCTs. Additional clinical trial data are needed to establish the real efficacy and long-term safety of this treatment for the management of GCT.
Genes and genomes: Reverse genetics of caenorhabditis elegans (1992)

It is somewhat ironic that animals that are the prime choice for detailed genetic analysis, such as the fruit fly and the nematode, have thus far been largely refractory to reverse genetic analysis. Their detailed genetic map, and small genome size have made them subjects of ambitious genome analysis projects, but there is still no strategy to introduce desired changes into their genomes by homologous recombination. Some alternative approaches have recently become available; this review describes possibilities and unsolved problems for reverse genetics in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The transposon Tc1 could prove to be very useful for the isolation of knock out mutants, and possibly also for introduction of more subtle alterations.
The Equity of School Finance Systems Over Time: The Value Judgments Inherent in Evaluation (1979)

Numerous value judgments are embedded in the standards utilized to evaluate whether a school finance system has become more or less equitable over time. A four-component framework is proposed to high light these value judgments in equity standards. Data from twenty states are analyzed to demonstrate that alternative value judgments affect the measurement of a state's movement toward or away from equity. Implications for policymakers and administrators are discussed.
An Introduction to Biomaterials (2011)

A practical road map to the key families of biomaterials and their potential applications in clinical therapeutics, Introduction to Biomaterials, Second Edition follows the entire path of development from theory to lab to practical application. It highlights new biocompatibility issues, metrics, and statistics as well as new legislation for intelle
Unsteady Flow in Vertical, Converging Tubes (1991)

The discharge of liquids from vertical tubes with various contraction geometries was studied via the unsteady Bernoulli equation. The temporal variations of the exit velocity and fluid level in the tube were found from the numerical integration of nonlinear differential equations. Sudden, quadratic, and exponential contraction geometries were considered. For inlet to exit area ratios greater than two, the flow initially accelerates to a maximum speed and then it decelerates for the geometries studied. The exponential contraction has the shortest discharge time. The solutions also reveal that the largest possible velocity and the shortest discharge time are achieved in a non-converging tube.