gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐Affinity Uptake of Neurotransmitters in Rat Neostriatum: Effects of Aging (1984)

High-affinity uptake of dopamine (DA), glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined in crude synaptosomal preparations from neostriatal regions of rats 7, 17, and 27 months of age. Dopamine uptake was highest in rostral neostriatum, but no age-related differences were detected. On the other hand, the high-affinity uptake of both GABA and glutamate was increased with age. This may reflect astrocytic hypertrophy or hyperplasia, which have been reported to occur in the neostriatum during the aging process.
Disruption of the Genes Encoding Antigen 85A and Antigen 85B of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> H37Rv: Effect on Growth in Culture and in Macrophages (2000)

ABSTRACT The mechanism of pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to be multifactorial. Among the putative virulence factors is the antigen 85 (Ag85) complex. This family of exported fibronectin-binding proteins consists of members Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C and is most prominently represented by 85A and 85B. These proteins have recently been shown to possess mycolyl transferase activity and likely play a role in cell wall synthesis. The purpose of this study was to generate strains of M. tuberculosis deficient in expression of the principal members of this complex in order to determine their role in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis . Constructs of fbpA and fbpB disrupted with the kanamycin resistance marker ΩKm and containing varying amounts of flanking gene and plasmid vector sequences were then introduced as linear fragments into H37Rv by electroporation. Southern blot and PCR analyses revealed disruption of the homologous gene locus in one fbpA ::ΩKm transformant and one fbpB ::ΩKm transformant. The fbpA ::ΩKm mutant, LAa1, resulted from a double-crossover integration event, whereas the fbpB ::ΩKm variant, LAb1, was the product of a single-crossover type event that resulted in insertion of both ΩKm and plasmid sequences. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis confirmed that expression of the disrupted gene was not detectable in the fbpA and fbpB mutants. Analysis of growth rates demonstrated that the fbpB mutant LAb1 grew at a rate similar to that of the wild-type parent in enriched and nutrient-poor laboratory media as well as in human (THP-1) and mouse (J774.1A) macrophage-like cell lines. The fbpA mutant LAa1 grew similarly to the parent H37Rv in enriched laboratory media but exhibited little or no growth in nutrient-poor media and macrophage-like cell lines. The targeted disruption of two genes encoding mycolyl transferase and fibronectin-binding activities in M. tuberculosis will permit the systematic determination of their roles in the physiology and pathogenesis of this organism.
Fabrication of tunable antidot structures with submicron airbridges (1999)

Two different electron sensitive polymers, polymethylglutarimide and polymethylmethacrylate were employed to form submicron Au airbridges for use in mesoscopic devices. A series of test devices was fabricated in which this technique was used to make electrical contact to a submicron elliptical gate placed within a quantum point contact. The airbridge was patterned by electron beam lithography and metal lift-off. Conductance measurements were performed on the devices at low magnetic fields. The results confirmed both the presence of the elliptical antidot as a negative voltage was applied to the center gate, as well as the nonintrusive nature of the airbridge.
Construction of comparative genetic maps of two 4Bs.4Bl-5Rl translocations in bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>L.) (2006)

The physical length of the rye segment of a 4BS.4BL-5RL translocation derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1-2-4-7 in a Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' background was measured using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and found to be 16% of the long arm. The size of this translocation was similar to previously published GISH measurements of another 4BS.4BL-5RL translocation in a Triticum aestivum 'Viking' wheat background. Molecular maps of both 4BS.4BL-5RL translocations for 2 different wheat backgrounds were developed using RFLP analysis. The locations of the translocation breakpoints of the 2 4BS.4BL-5RL translocations were similar even though they arose in different populations. This suggests a unique property of the region at or near the translocation breakpoint that could be associated with their similarity and spontaneous formation. These segments of rye chromosome 5 also contain a gene for copper efficiency that improves the wheat's ability to cope with low-copper soils. Genetic markers in these maps can also be used to screen for copper efficiency in bread wheat lines derived from the Cornell Wheat Selection 82a1 2-4-7.
Structures in fire - SiF 2012: proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Structures in Fire, Zurich, Switzerland, 6-8 June 2012 (2012)

The rise of pore pressure is generally recognised as one of the governing factors of explosive spalling in concrete structures exposed to fire. However, to what extent spalling is related to concrete fracture properties is still an open issue. In order to clarify this point a special setup has been designed, aimed at performing simple indirect-tension tests (split-cube tests) under different levels of sustained pore pressure. These levels are achieved by preliminarily heating two opposite faces of cubic specimens, whereas the lateral sides are sealed and thermally insulated, so as to create a mono-dimensional thermo-hygral transient field. Fracture is induced in the symmetry plane, where both temperature and pressure are monitored by means of a customized probe. The results show that pore pressure and the concurrent reduction of the apparent tensile strength have comparable values. Simple considerations based on linear elastic fracture mechanics corroborate this evidence. The conclusion is that pore pressure may be, in itself, a sufficient driving force to trigger explosive spalling in concrete members exposed to fire.
Film/substrate/vacuum-chuck interactions during spin-coating (1992)

Thickness variations that are associated with the vacuum chuck were observed in wet-chemical-derived dielectric films applied by the spin-coating technique. These thickness variations are controlled by factors such as the thermal properties of the substrate material, the evaporation behavior of the coating solution, and the physical design of the vacuum chuck. Atechnique is described for evaluating the magnitude ofthis effect.
Integrate the BlindAid system in a traditional orientation and mobility rehabilitation program (2009)

In the process of becoming blind, newly- blinded people participate in a rehabilitation program, which includes different skills that a newly- blinded person needs to adapt as a result of his or her lost of vision. The virtual system, the BlindAid, involves active collaboration between orientation and mobility instructors from the Carroll Center for the Blind in Newton, Massachusetts and engineers and cognitive scientists at the MIT Touch Lab in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The two teams collaborated in the integration of the BlindAid system in the traditional orientation and mobility rehabilitation program. In this study we will describe the model of the integration. The three main goals of this model were to study: (1) cognitive mapping process of newly-blinded when using the virtual environment; (2) mental support of the BlindAid system to the newly- blinded; and (3) enhancement of the BlindAid system for the orientation and mobility instructors. The findings supply strong evidence that interaction with the BlindAid system by people who are newly-blinded provides a robust foundation for the participants' development of comprehensive cognitive maps of actual unknown spaces during their rehabilitation program.
Pyramid-based texture synthesis using local orientation and multidimensional histogram matching (2009)

One very influential method for texture synthesis is based on the steerable pyramid by alternately imposing marginal statistics on the image and the pyramid's subbands. In this work, we investigate two extensions to this framework. First, we exploit the steerability of the transform to obtain histograms of the subbands independent of the local orientation; i.e., we select the direction of maximal response as the reference orientation. Second, we explore the option of multidimensional histogram matching. The distribution of the responses to various orientations is expected to capture better the local geometric structure. Experimental results show how the proposed approach improves the performance of the original pyramid-based synthesis method.
Accurate closed-form solutions for fin-lines (1983)

Accurate closed-form expressions are derived for the theoretical prediction of equivalent dielectric constant, cutoff wavelength, and characteristic impedance of unilateral, bilateral and insulated fin-lines. The expressions developed on a physical basis are accurate to within ±0.6% and valid over the range of structural parameters 0 ≤ b/a ≤ 1, 1/32 ≤ d/b ≤ 1, and 1/32 ≤ s/a ≤ 1/4 (see Fig. 1).
Silicon fiber with p-n junction (2014)

In this study, we fabricated a p-n junction in a fiber with a phosphorous doped silicon core and fused silica cladding. The fibers were fabricated via a hybrid process of the core-suction and melt-draw techniques and maintained overall diameters ranging from 200 to 900 μm and core diameters of 20–800 μm. The p-n junction was formed by doping the fiber with boron and confirmed via the current-voltage characteristic. The demonstration of a p-n junction in a melt-drawn silicon core fiber paves the way for the seamless integration of optical and electronic devices in fibers.
Temperature dependence of very deep emission from an exciton bound to an isoelectronic defect in polycrystalline CuInS2 (2006)

Zero-phonon lines (ZPLs) of deep exciton bound to isoelectronic deep-donor–deep-acceptor pair in CuInS2 are studied by photoluminescence. These ZPLs have peak positions at 0.6241eV (A line) and 0.6220eV (B line), followed by two series of phonon replicas with phonon energies of 8 and 40.5meV. Temperature dependence of the intensity of these ZPLs is explained by electron-phonon coupling to a single phonon mode with energy of 8meV and shows that the lines are originated from two excited state levels of the same exciton. The (anomalously strong) temperature broadening of ZPLs follows ∼T2.6 law and can be explained by assuming a strong vibronic coupling between two excited states.
Discovery of novel FabF ligands inspired by platensimycin by integrating structure-based design with diversity-oriented synthetic accessibility (2013)

An approach for designing bioactive small molecules has been developed in which de novo structure-based ligand design (SBLD) was focused on regions of chemical space accessible using a diversity-oriented synthetic approach. The approach was exploited in the design and synthesis of a focused library of platensimycin analogues in which the complex bridged ring system was replaced with a series of alternative ring systems. The affinity of the resulting compounds for the C163Q mutant of FabF was determined using a WaterLOGSY competition binding assay. Several compounds had significantly improved affinity for the protein relative to a reference ligand. The integration of synthetic accessibility with ligand design enabled focus to be placed on synthetically-accessible regions of chemical space that were relevant to the target protein under investigation.
Invited paper Avalanche diode oscillators III. Design and analysis : the future (1976)

This is the final part of this series of papers. In it we develop more intricate versions of the ‘ avalanche plus drift ’ combinations, We examine the double-drift structure, the possibility of a double avalanche structure and outline the properties of a heterojunction device. We continue to discuss possible different materials, including more unusual semiconductors. The remainder of the main part of this paper is devoted to a critical account of the various modelling techniques which may be used to give a theoretical account of the behaviour of the device. In the paper so far, we have used the simplest possible models : these do, of course, have some limitations, and we describe some of these. The potentially most accurate models involve some form of computer simulation. An outline of our present approach to the simulation problem is given, along with a description of some of the pitfalls which the user of this technique may encounter. Finally, three appendices fill in some of the more important omissions which did not fall into the main text. Initially we consider the derivation of some of the often quoted small signal parameters, and some interpretation of their relevance to large signal situations. The second appendix is devoted to a diffusion-inclusive description of the avalanche zone properties, and finally, n simple model for the description of high efficiency structures is described.
Feedforward model based arm weight compensation with the rehabilitation robot ARMin (2017)

Highly impaired stroke patients at early stages of recovery are unable to generate enough muscle force to lift the weight of their own arm. Accordingly, task-related training is strongly limited or even impossible. However, as soon as partial or full arm weight support is provided, patients are enabled to perform arm rehabilitation training again throughout an increased workspace. In the literature, the current solutions for providing arm weight support are mostly mechanical. These systems have components that restrict the freedom of movement or entail additional disturbances. A scalable weight compensation for upper and lower arm that is online adjustable as well as generalizable to any robotic system is necessary. In this paper, a model-based feedforward weight compensation of upper and lower arm fulfilling these requirements is introduced. The proposed method is tested with the upper extremity rehabilitation robot ARMin V, but can be applied in any other actuated exoskeleton system. Experimental results were verified using EMG measurements. These results revealed that the proposed weight compensation reduces the effort of the subjects to 26% on average and more importantly throughout the entire workspace of the robot.
Winning the Super “Buzz” Bowl (2009)

<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> Super Bowl advertisements have become almost as famous as the game itself. Between production costs and the price of air time, companies who advertise in the Super Bowl do so at considerable expense. Return on investment for Super Bowl advertisements is strengthened by wide viewership, pregame media chatter, and postgame buzz among consumers. Not all advertisements, however, generate the same degree of buzz. Recent models of advertising effectiveness have emphasized the importance of emotions, suggesting that advertisements that engage consumers on emotional levels will be most effective. This study examines how emotional engagement with Super Bowl advertisements relates to an important area of consumer response: online buzz. A biologically-based measure of audience engagement was used to monitor a sample of adults (<i>N</i> = 30) as they viewed Super Bowl XLII live. Advertising scores derived from biometric response ratings for Super Bowl advertisements were highly correlated with online buzz (i.e., the number of times an advertisement was commented on and the number of times it was viewed online). Results of the study are discussed with regard to the role of emotions in advertising and the utility of biometric measures for assessing consumers9 emotional engagement with advertising content.
16 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTRADIATION DENTAL LESIONS. (2007)

<h3>Objectives</h3> Teeth exposed to therapeutic radiation have an increased susceptibility to a highly destructive form of dental disease. As part of a 5-year investigation, the overall goal is to analyze predictors of the severity of postradiation dental lesions and potentially determine if there is a link between postradiation dental lesions and radiation dose. <h3>Methods</h3> During year 1 of the investigation, 21 subjects who had received head and neck radiotherapy were evaluated concerning individual tooth-level radiation dose, elapsed time after radiation, frequency of topical fluoride, xerostomia, and oral hygiene status. Subjects9 teeth were also evaluated using an index developed to assess postradiation tooth destruction and associated restorations. Tooth destruction was operationalized as a mean tooth surface score (MSS). Tooth restoration was operationalized in a similar manner as a mean restoration score (MRS). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the subject population. To account for the nesting of teeth within individuals and account for radiation dose varying for different teeth within individuals, multivariate analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations, with exchangeable working matrices and robust standard errors. A significance level of <i>p</i> ≤ .05 was used. <h3>Results</h3> Subjects (6 females, 15 males), most of whom reported xerostomia, ranged in age from 18 to 82 years. Four hundred seventeen teeth were evaluated. Elapsed time since radiation varied from 1 to 133 months; individual tooth-level radiation doses ranged from 0 to 69 Gy. Results showed that there were significant interaction effects of elapsed time*radiation dose, elapsed time*oral hygiene, elapsed time*fluoride, fluoride*oral hygiene, and oral hygiene*radiation dose, as well as main effects of radiation dose, xerostomia, oral hygiene, and fluoride frequency on tooth destruction (MSS). In contrast, only elapsed time and time*oral hygiene had a significant effect on the restoration score (MRS). <h3>Conclusions</h3> The preliminary evidence suggests that radiation dose and dose*elapsed time following radiotherapy might be linked to the severity of postradiation lesions. Furthermore, factors such as xerostomia, oral hygiene, and the use of topical fluoride might also play a role in lesion severity. Supported in part by NIH/NIDCR K23 DE01623.
Free Space Optical Multicast Crossbar (2015)

Enabling multicast in optical networks requires the use of multicast-capable optical switches. In this paper, we propose a new class of multicast-capable free space optical (FSO) switches. Our design exploits nonmovable tri-state switching elements (T-SEs) that support signal splitting and switching simultaneously and seamlessly, and thus the separate splitting stages used in conventional multicast switches are not needed. It follows that the propagation loss that may be encountered by an optical beam passing through a splitting stage followed by a crossbar (e.g., splitter-and-delivery-based switches) can be avoided in the proposed switch since the beam passes only through the crossbar. The proposed FSO switch is analyzed and compared to conventional architectures in terms of hardware complexity, power loss, and cost. We show that an N×M switch requires only NM nonmovable T-SEs. Comparison with existing optical multicast switches shows that the proposed switch provides multicast capability with substantially lower hardware complexity and a comparable performance. Cost analysis for the proposed switch shows that its switching cost is lower than existing switches even if the cost of the T-SE is 1.2 to 2.2× that of a MEMS mirror.
Protein Nutritive Value of Hinoat and Scott Oat Cultivars and Concentrates (1986)

ABSTRACT Protein sources studied were oat groats, oat crude protein extracted at pH 9.5 (PE) and oat protein concentrate obtained by isoelectric precipitation (PC) of the alkaline extract. PER of Scott proteins was higher than that of corresponding Hinoat proteins: 2.31 ± 0.17 vs 2.15 ± 0.12 for groats, 2.08 ± 0.13 vs 1.93 ± 0.11 for PE and 2.11 ± 0.12 vs 1.97 ± 0.06 for PC. However, for both cultivars, PERs of PC and PE were lower than PER for groats. There was no difference between NPR of Scott and Hinoat for the same protein fractions. Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of Scott proteins were lower than the corresponding Hinoat proteins, and for both cultivars protein ADCs were in the following order: PC > PE > groats.
Influence of rootstock and scion on antioxidant capacity of juice from new pomelo and mandarin varieties (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: New pomelo and mandarin scion varieties growing under subtropical arid conditions were investigated for total antioxidants in the juice. Four different rootstocks—sour orange ( Citrus aurantium (L.); SO), Volkamer lemon ( C. volkameriana (Ten & Pasq.)), SB812 ( C. sunki (Hort. ex Tan.) × Poncirus trifoliate (L.)) and C. macrophylla (Wester)—were tested. RESULTS: Fruit juice was tested for total antioxidants, ascorbic acid and total polyphenol contents. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis revealed three different antioxidant groups for pomelo and four groups for mandarin. CV analysis for the pomelo scion/rootstock combinations showed that ascorbic acid concentration was highest for scions grafted onto SO. Total polyphenol levels were similar among the pomelo varieties. Mandarin analysis revealed that ‘Merav’ scion/SO had the highest ascorbic acid concentration (1.91 ± 0.01 mmol L −1 ). Total polyphenol analysis discovered that ‘Merav’ 4/119‐/SB812 gave the highest levels, while ‘Ora Shani’ scion grafted on to any tested rootstock contained the lowest CONCLUSION: We suggest that the SO rootstock is superior to Volka, 812 and macrophylla in terms of juice antioxidant capacity. For the pomelo, both ‘Flamingo’ scions were found to have high antioxidant production capacity, with ‘Flamingo’ 3/73 being slightly superior regardless of the rootstock. The best mandarins were ‘Merav’ hybrids in combination with SO rootstock. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry