gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective particle ingestion by a filter‐feeding fish and its impact on phytoplankton community structure1 (1984)

The ingestion rates of filter‐feeding gizzard shad for different sizes of suspended particles were measured using mixtures of microspheres and zooplankton. Ingestion rate increases as a function of particle size, leveling off at 60 µ m. The particle‐size‐dependent ingestion rates were consistent with a model of filtering efficiency based on the cumulative frequency of interraker distances of gizzard shad gill rakers. Comparison of ponds containing gizzard shad with control ponds without fish showed that gizzard shad suppressed Ceratium, the only phytoplankton species large enough to be ingested at a maximum rate. Gizzard shad did not have a significant effect on populations of Synedra, Peridinium, Navicula, Kirchneriella, Cyclotella, and Chlamydomonas. Populations of Ankistrodesmus, Cryptomonas, Cosmarium, Rhodomonas, and algae and bacteria from 2‐4 µ m were enhanced by gizzard shad.
Spectrum of Clinically Relevant <i>Acremonium</i> Species in the United States (2010)

Some species in the polyphyletic fungal genus Acremonium are important opportunist pathogens. Determining the actual spectrum of species and their incidence in the clinical setting, however, has long been hampered because of the difficulties encountered in phenotypic species-level identification. The goal of this study was to re-identify a large number of clinical isolates morphologically and to confirm the identifications by comparing sequences of the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene of these isolates to those of type or reference strains of well-known Acremonium species. Of the 119 isolates referred to a United States reference laboratory under the name Acremonium, only 75 were identified morphologically as belonging to that genus. The remainder (44 isolates) were identified as belonging to other morphologically similar genera. The Acremonium clinical isolates were related to species of Hypocreales, Sordariales, and of an incertae sedis family of ascomycetes, Plectosphaerellaceae. A total of 50 of the 75 Acremonium isolates (67%) could be identified by molecular means, the prevalent species being Acremonium kiliense (15 isolates), A. sclerotigenum-A. egyptiacum (11 isolates), A. implicatum (7 isolates), A. persicinum (7 isolates), and A. atrogriseum (4 isolates). One of the most interesting findings of our study was that we identified several species among this large collection of clinical isolates that had not previously been reported from human infections, and we failed to confirm other Acremonium species, such as A. potronii, A. recifei, and A. strictum, that had been considered significant. The most common anatomic sites for Acremonium isolates were the respiratory tract (41.3%), nails (10.7%), and the eye (9.3%). Antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated high MICs for all agents tested, except for terbinafine. Since numerous isolates could not be identified, we concluded that the list of opportunistic Acremonium species is far from be complete and that a considerable number of additional species will be discovered.
Function and Evolution of Plasmid-Borne Genes for Pyrimidine Biosynthesis in<i>Borrelia</i>spp (2006)

The thyX gene for thymidylate synthase of the Lyme borreliosis (LB) agent Borrelia burgdorferi is located in a 54-kb linear plasmid. In the present study, we identified an orthologous thymidylate synthase gene in the relapsing fever (RF) agent Borrelia hermsii, located it in a 180-kb linear plasmid, and demonstrated its expression. The functions of the B. hermsii and B. burgdorferi thyX gene products were evaluated both in vivo, by complementation of a thymidylate synthase-deficient Escherichia coli mutant, and in vitro, by testing their activities after purification. The B. hermsii thyX gene complemented the thyA mutation in E. coli, and purified B. hermsii ThyX protein catalyzed the conversion of dTMP from dUMP. In contrast, the B. burgdorferi ThyX protein had only weakly detectable activity in vitro, and the B. burgdorferi thyX gene did not provide complementation in vivo. The lack of activity of B. burgdorferi's ThyX protein was associated with the substitution of a cysteine for a highly conserved arginine at position 91. The B. hermsii thyX locus was further distinguished by the downstream presence in the plasmid of orthologues of nrdI, nrdE, and nrdF, which encode the subunits of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase and which are not present in the LB agents B. burgdorferi and Borrelia garinii. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the nrdIEF cluster of B. hermsii was acquired by horizontal gene transfer. These findings indicate that Borrelia spp. causing RF have a greater capability for de novo pyrimidine synthesis than those causing LB, thus providing a basis for some of the biological differences between the two groups of pathogens.
Octamer Formation and Coupling of Cardiac Sarcomeric Mitochondrial Creatine Kinase Are Mediated by Charged N-terminal Residues (1998)

Mitochondrial creatine kinases form octameric structures composed of four active and stable dimers. Octamer formation has been postulated to occur via interaction of the charged amino acids in the N-terminal peptide of the mature enzyme. We altered codons for charged amino acids in the N-terminal region of mature sarcomeric mitochondrial creatine kinase (sMtCK) to those encoding neutral amino acids. Transfection of normal sMtCK cDNA or those with the mutations R42G, E43G/H45G, and K46G into rat neonatal cardiomyocytes resulted in enzymatically active sMtCK expression in all. After hypoosmotic treatment of isolated mitochondria, mitochondrial inner membrane-associated and soluble sMtCK from the intermembranous space were measured. The R42G and E43G/H45G double mutation caused destabilization of the octameric structure of sMtCK and a profound reduction in binding of sMtCK to the inner mitochondrial membrane. The other mutant sMtCK proteins had modest reductions in binding. Creatine-stimulated respiration was markedly reduced in mitochondria isolated from cells transfected with the R42G mutant cDNA as compared with those transfected with normal sMtCK cDNA. We conclude that neutralization of charges in N-terminal peptide resulted in destabilization of octamer structure of sMtCK. Thus, charged amino acids at the N-terminal moiety of mature sMtCK are essential for octamer formation, binding of sMtCK with inner mitochondrial membrane, and coupling of sMtCK to oxidative phosphorylation.
Single lead atrial synchronised pacing in patients with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial infarction. (1984)

A pacing system requiring only a single lead was used to establish atrial synchronised pacing in eight patients with complete atrioventricular block and cardiogenic shock following acute myocardial infarction. Spontaneous atrial activity was sensed through electrodes positioned on the pacing lead and used to trigger ventricular demand pacing. A normal atrioventricular relation could be established in each of these critically ill patients without the complexity of inserting and finding a stable position for an additional atrial sensing lead. Atrial synchronised pacing at the spontaneous sinus rate had distinct haemodynamic advantages compared with conventional ventricular pacing at 100 beats/min. Mean cardiac output for the group was 3.3 1/min with atrial synchronised pacing compared with 2.6 1/min with conventional pacing, a significant difference of 27%. Peak systolic pressure averaged respectively 91 and 73 mm Hg in the two pacing modes. With conventional ventricular pacing a pronounced phasic alteration in blood pressure was observed, dependent on the altering relation of the paced beats to spontaneous atrial activity. Atrial synchronised pacing abolished this effect and resulted in a stable blood pressure at or above the peak pressure achieved with conventional pacing. Atrial synchronised pacing with a single lead system can be established rapidly. This mode of pacing has appreciable and significant haemodynamic superiority over conventional ventricular pacing in patients with cardiogenic shock and atrioventricular block following acute myocardial infarction.
Hydroruthenation triggered catalytic conversion of dialdehydes and keto aldehydes to lactones (2009)

Lactonization of dialdehydes and keto aldehydes was effectively catalyzed by RuHCl(CO)(PPh(3))(3). A cascade lactonization sequence accompanied by cross-coupling with enones was also attained.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXATION PROPERTIES OF MACROCYCLIC POLYETHER‐DIESTER COMPOUNDS CONTAINING FURAN AND BENZENE SUBCYCLIC UNITS (1980)

Abstract Das Komplex‐Bildungsverhalten der Verbindung (I) wird mit den aus (II) erhaltenen Komplexen (III) sowie den bekannten Verbindungen (IV) verglichen.
Design considerations for enhancing absorption in semiconductors on metals through surface plasmon polaritons (2014)

Surface plasmon polaritons have attracted attention for energy applications such as photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical cells because of their ability to improve optical absorption in thin films. We show that surface plasmon polaritons enhance absorption most significantly in materials with small positive real permittivity and large positive imaginary permittivity, e.g. organics or CdTe. Additional losses, accounting for dissipation in the metal and the existence of a cutoff frequency above which polaritons are no longer bound, are incorporated into efficiency calculations. Owing to these losses, devices with optical absorption based solely on SPPs will necessarily always have a lower efficiency than that predicted by the Shockley-Queisser limit. Calculations are presented for specific materials, including crystalline and amorphous Si, GaAs, CdTe, a P3HT:PCBM blend, α-Fe2O3 and rutile TiO2, as well as for general materials of arbitrary permittivity. Guidelines for selecting absorber materials and determining whether specific materials are good candidates for improving optical absorption with SPPs are presented.
Adaptive Sampling using Non-linear EKF with Mobile Robotic Wireless Sensor Nodes (2006)

The use of robotics in distributed monitoring applications requires mobile wireless sensors that are deployed efficiently. Efficiency can be defined in multiple ways, such as in terms of the amount of energy expenditure, communication bandwidth or information content. A very important aspect of mobile sensor deployment includes sampling algorithms at location most likely to yield useful information about a field variable of interest. In this paper, we use inexpensive mobile robot nodes built in our lab (ARRI-Bots) as wireless sensor deployment agents, and we use them to demonstrate information efficient algorithms (e.g., "adaptive sampling"). Each mobile robot node is characterized by sensor measurement noise in addition to localization uncertainty. We use the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to derive quantitative information measures for sampling locations most likely to yield optimal information about the sampled field distribution. We present simulation and experimental results using this approach
DOUBLE-MODULATION OF 5-FLUOROURACIL BY METHOTREXATE AND LEUCOVORIN IN ADVANCED COLORECTAL-CARCINOMA (1993)

A phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of a double modulation of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by methotrexate (MTX) and leucovorin (LV) as first line chemotherapy in advanced colorectal carcinoma. Between January 1990, and April 1992, 42 patients with metastatic or advanced recurrent (inoperable) colorectal cancer were entered into the study. Therapy consisted of a sequential combination of MTX, LV and 5-FU. MTX was administered at a dose of 150 mg/m2 over 20 minutes I.V. infusion at hour (h) 0, followed 19 h later by LV 50 mg/m2 over 2 h infusion. 5-FU 900 mg/m2 was given by I.V. push injection at h 20. Starting 24 h after MTX administration all patients received LV 15 mg/m2 intramuscularly every 6 h for six doses. Treatment was repeated every 15 days until progressive disease, severe toxicity, or death. Four patients were considered not evaluable for response. Objective regression (OR) was observed in 14 of 38 patients (37%, 95% confidence interval 23-53%). Two patients (5%) obtained complete response (CR) and 12 (32%) partial response (PR). Median time to treatment failure was 6 months (range 1-21). Median survival for the whole group of patients was 13 months (range 1-27). Toxicity was within acceptable limits but one therapy-related death due to severe leukopenia and sepsis was observed. Double modulation of 5-FU with MTX and low dose of LV is an active regimen against advanced colorectal carcinoma and represents a promising strategy that should be further explored.
A high-efficiency positive (negative) surface ionization source for radioactive ion beam (abstract)a) (1996)

A versatile, new concept, spherical-geometry, positive (negative) surface-ionization source has been designed and fabricated which will have the capability of generating both positive- and negative-ion beams without mechanical changes to the source. The source utilizes a highly permeable, high-work-function Ir ionizer (φ≡5.29 eV) for ionizing highly electropositive atoms/molecules; while for negative-surface ionization, the work function is lowered to φ≡1.43 eV by continually feeding cesium vapor through the ionizer matrix. The use of this technique for negative ion beam generation has the potential of overcoming the chronic poisoning effects experienced with LaB6 while enhancing considerably the efficiency for negative surface ionization of atoms and molecules with intermediate electron affinities. The flexibility of operation in either mode makes it especially attractive for radioactive ion beam applications and, therefore, the source will be used as a complementary replacement for the high-temperature electron impact ionization sources presently in use at the Holifield radioactive beam facility. The design features and operational principles of the source will be described in this report.
Epitaxial growth of zinc-blende CrAs/GaAs multilayer (2002)

Zinc-blende CrAs/GaAs multilayers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. It was certified that each CrAs layer maintains an epitaxial relationship with the zinc-blende GaAs structure judging from the reflection high-energy electron diffraction observation. The film contains thicker zinc- blende CrAs layers in total than the CrAs thin film directly grown on the GaAs substrate which has the critical thickness of 3 nm. It was clarified that the optimum thicknesses of CrAs and GaAs to keep a good epitaxial relationship are 2 ML and 2 ML, respectively. The electronic structure of the multilayer is thought to be close to that of the (Ga, Cr)As thin film which has 50% of Cr content judging from x-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements.
Assimilating knowledge from neuroimages in schizophrenia diagnostics (2008)

The aim of this article is to propose an integrated framework for classifying and describing patterns of disorders from medical images using a combination of image registration, linear discriminant analysis and region-based ontologies. In a first stage of this endeavour we are going to study and evaluate multivariate statistical methodologies to identify the most discriminating hyperplane separating two populations contained in the input data. This step has, as its major goal, the analysis of all the data simultaneously rather than feature by feature. The second stage of this work includes the development of an ontology whose aim is the assimilation and exploration of the knowledge contained in the results of the previous statistical methods. Automated knowledge discovery from images is the key motivation for the methods to be investigated in this research. We argue that such investigation provides a suitable framework for characterising the high complexity of MR images in schizophrenia.
The non‐linear pharmacokinetics of prednisone and prednisolone. I. Theoretical (1986)

Three simple linear and three simple non-linear pharmacokinetic models are presented which incorporate the reversible metabolism that occurs between prednisone and prednisolone. Under steady-state conditions it is possible to not only distinguish between the linear and non-linear models but also to determine which particular model of each group applies to a given set of data. While the non-linear conversion of prednisolone to prednisone is important in explaining the pharmacokinetics of prednisone in all three non-linear models, the same is not true for prednisolone.
Cytomegalovirus Infection of Rats Increases the Neointimal Response to Vascular Injury Without Consistent Evidence of Direct Infection of the Vascular Wall (1999)

CMV infection of immunocompetent adult rats increases the neointimal response to vascular injury, suggesting that CMV may play a causal role in atherosclerosis/restenosis. Importantly, this CMV-induced response occurs even without the presence of virus in the vascular wall, suggesting that inflammatory and immune responses to infection of nonvascular tissues may contribute to the vascular response to injury.
Identifying brain nociceptive information transmission in patients with chronic somatic pain (2016)

Collectively the results suggest that, across two types of chronic pain, nociceptive specific information is relayed through the spinothalamic pathway to the lateral thalamus, potentiated by pro-nociceptive descending modulation, and interrupting cortical cognitive processes.
Susceptibility to Vaccinia Virus Infection and Spread in Mice Is Determined by Age at Infection, Allergen Sensitization and Mast Cell Status (2012)

The combination of young age, allergen sensitization and a mast cell deficit resulted in the most severe lesions, including satellite lesions. Understanding the factors determining the relative resistance/sensitivity to vaccinia virus will aid in the development of strategies for preventing and treating adverse reactions which can occur after smallpox vaccination.
The chemistry of drugs part IV, Configurations of antimalarials derived from qinghaosu: Dihydroqingyhaosu, artemether, and artesunic acid (1984)

Abstract The structures of the antimalarials dihydroqinghaosu (2) , artemether (3) , and artesunic acid (7a) derived from qinghaosu were elaborated by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy, and supported with X‐ray data obtained for 2 and 3 . Several new derivatives, useful for the chemical characterization of dihydroqinghaosu (2) and artesunic acid (7a) , were prepared.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of an Open-Framework Iron(III) Dicarboxylate:  MIL-85 or Fe<sup>III</sup><sub>2</sub>O{O<sub>2</sub>C−CH<sub>3</sub>}<sub>2</sub>{O<sub>2</sub>C−C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>−CO<sub>2</sub>}·2CH<sub>3</sub>OH (2004)

A new three-dimensional iron(III) dicarboxylate, MIL-85 or FeIII2O{O2C−CH3}2{O2C−C6H4−CO2}·2CH3OH, has been obtained under solvothermal conditions, and its structure was determined using X-ray powder diffraction data. Its chiral framework is built up from helical chains of iron(III) octahedra linked through terephthalate dianions. This creates a three-dimensional structure with an array of 1-D small-pore channels filled with free and bound methanol moieties. The thermal behavior has been investigated using TGA, and X-ray thermodiffractometry indicates that MIL-85 is stable up to 275 °C with a fully reversible departure of solvent process. When the free and bound solvent molecules are removed, a nanoporous solid with a Langmuir surface area of 110 m2/g is obtained. Mössbauer spectrometry confirms the presence of high-spin-state Fe3+ within the structure and a change in the iron environment upon solvent departure. Finally, one can conclude from magnetic data that MIL-85 exhibits a frustrated magnetic behavior in the low-temperature range. Crystal data for MIL-85: hexagonal space group P61 (nο. 169) with a = 11.045 (1) Å, c = 18.823 (1) Å, and Z = 6.
Limitations of Magnetic Devices Due to Noise and Thermal Fluctuations (2006)

The impact of noise and thermal fluctuations on the design of some magnetic devices are discussed. In particular, field sensitivities of magnetic field sensors can be enhanced when 1/f noise is minimized. Also, thermal fluctuations limit that performance of nanomagnetic microwave devices such as spin-transfer nano-oscillators. The origins of noise in magnetic systems are reviewed.
Structure of dimethyl 8-quinolyl phosphate (1986)

Cristallisation dans le systeme monoclinique, groupe P2 1 /c et affinement jusqu'a R=0,037. Etude des interactions intra et intermoleculaires entre l'atome N et les groupes ester methyle
Solar electric propulsion system evaluation (1970)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
&#215;pipes Lite: A Synthesis Oriented Design Library For Networks on Chips (2005)

The limited scalability of current bus topologies for systems on chips (SoCs) dictates the adoption of networks on chips (NoCs) as a scalable interconnection scheme. Current SoCs are highly heterogeneous in nature, denoting homogeneous, preconfigured NoCs as inefficient drop-in alternatives. While highly parametric, fully synthesizeable (soft) NoC building blocks appear as a good match for heterogeneous MPSoC architectures, the impact of instantiation-time flexibility on performance, power and silicon cost has not yet been quantified. The paper details /spl times/pipes Lite, a design flow for automatic generation of heterogeneous NoCs. /spl times/pipes Lite is based on highly customizable, high frequency and low latency NoC modules, that are fully synthesizeable. Synthesis results provide modules that are directly comparable, if not better, than the current published state-of-the-art NoCs in terms of area, power latency and target operating frequency measurements.
Absence of a Ku-like DNA end binding activity in the xrs double-strand DNA repair-deficient mutant. (1994)

Double-strand DNA break repair is important in maintaining the genetic integrity of the genome. Using a mobility shift assay, we find that a protein, or complex of proteins, that is present in mammalian and yeast cells binds to the ends of double-strand DNA and renders the ends resistant to exonuclease digestion. Additionally, a mammalian DNA double-strand repair-deficient mutant, xrs, has no observable DNA end binding activity, while a revertant cell has wild-type activity. In addition, mobility supershift assays using monoclonal antibodies to the human Ku antigen (M(r) 70,000 subunit) reveal that one of the proteins of this end binding activity may be the Ku antigen or a protein with similar antigenic determinants. These observations suggest that this DNA end-binding protein may function in DNA repair.
Auditory Evoked Responses in Neonates by MEG (2008)

Magnetoencephalography is a biomagnetic technique with outstanding potential for neurodevelopmental studies. In this work, we have used MEG to determinate if newborns can discriminate between different stimuli during the first few months of life. Five neonates were stimulated during several minutes with auditory stimulation. The results suggest that the newborns are able to discriminate between different stimuli despite their early age.