gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An arc discharge hydrogen atom source (1993)

A magnetically confined thermal electric arc gas heater of easy construction, handling, and maintenance has been designed, built, and tested as a suitable source of heat for dissociating hydrogen molecules. The plasma species in the gas discharge region are assumed to satisfy local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The average beam kinetic energy is determined to be 1.5 eV, leading to an arc temperature of approximately 8700 K; the dissociation rate is 0.5 atoms per molecule and the total atom beam intensity in the forward direction is 1018 atoms/sr s. This novel atom source has been successfully ignited and operated with pure hydrogen during several hours of continuous performance, maintaining its characteristics and overcoming some of the difficulties previously found by researchers using other arc sources. The hyperthermal hydrogen atom beam obtained from this source is identified by MoO3 chemical detectors, and analyzed and characterized by three different calorimetric sensors, Ni, Ta, and Teflon. The experimental results obtained with this dissociator agree with those published in the literature.
Comparison of Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris Cellular Response to Different Agents of Oxidative Stress (2013)

Yeast cells exposed to adverse conditions employ a number of defense mechanisms in order to respond effectively to the stress effects of reactive oxygen species. In this work, the cellular response of Yarrowia lipolytica and Pichia pastoris to the exposure to the ROS-inducing agents' paraquat, hydrogen peroxide, and increased air pressure was analyzed. Yeast cells at exponential phase were exposed for 3 h to 1 mM paraquat, to 50 mM H2O2, or to increased air pressure of 3 or 5 bar. For both strains, the cellular viability loss and lipid peroxidation was lower for the cells exposed to increased air pressure than for those exposed to chemical oxidants. The glutathione induction occurred only in Y. lipolytica strain and reached the highest level as a response to PQ exposure. In general, antioxidant enzymes were more expressed in Y. lipolytica than in P. pastoris. The enzyme superoxide dismutase was induced in both strains under all the oxidant conditions but was dependent on the cellular growth phase, being undetectable in non-growing cells, whereas glutathione reductase was more induced in those conditions. Hydrogen peroxide was the most efficient inducer of catalase. Both yeast cultures underwent no cellular growth inhibition with increased air pressure, indicating that these yeast species were able to adapt to the oxidative stressful environment.
Status of Multiplier-Phototube Development for Scintillation Counters (1958)

A number of recent developments have contributed to the design of multiplier phototubes having improved time discrimination, as well as improved pulse-height resolution. In the 6810-A, a modified version of the first commercial high-gain, high-speed tube, a curved faceplate (flat on the outside) is used to reduce transit-time variations in the region between the photocathode and the first dynode. Special geometrical construction is used to minimize transit-time spread in the 7046, a five-inch tube developed under an AEC contract. Curvature of the inner faceplate is also used to improve pulse-height resolution and time discrimination of developmental versions of the 6342 and the 6655. In a new developmental tube, RCA Dev. No. C-7251, cathode curvature is combined with a new electrode structure between the cathode and the multiplier structure to reduce transit-time spread to less than a few tenths of a millimicrosecond.
Atmospheric Transmission in the Infrared (1957)

Infrared atmospheric transmission from 0.5 μ to 15 μ is shown as measured over three horizontal paths of 1000 ft, 3.4 statute mi, and 10.1 statute mi. The intense source, a 60-in. carbon arc searchlight, permits a resolution throughout of about 10 wave numbers. Work is continuing in an effort to obtain data taken under a wide range of atmospheric and meteorological conditions. The data presented here represent an average relatively clear winter day, a moderately dense fog and a snowstorm.
Core concepts in data analysis: summarization, correlation, and visualization (2011)

Core Concepts in Data Analysis: Summarization, Correlation and Visualization provides in-depth descriptions of those data analysis approaches that either summarize data (principal component analysis and clustering, including hierarchical and network clustering) or correlate different aspects of data (decision trees, linear rules, neuron networks, and Bayes rule).Boris Mirkin takes an unconventional approach and introduces the concept of multivariate data summarization as a counterpart to conventional machine learning prediction schemes, utilizing techniques from statistics, data analysis, data mining, machine learning, computational intelligence, and information retrieval.Innovations following from his in-depth analysis of the models underlying summarization techniques are introduced, and applied to challenging issues such as the number of clusters, mixed scale data standardization, interpretation of the solutions, as well as relations between seemingly unrelated concepts: goodness-of-fit functions for classification trees and data standardization, spectral clustering and additive clustering, correlation and visualization of contingency data. The mathematical detail is encapsulated in the so-called formulation parts, whereas most material is delivered through presentation parts that explain the methods by applying them to small real-world data sets; concise computation parts inform of the algorithmic and coding issues. Four layers of active learning and self-study exercises are provided: worked examples, case studies, projects and questions.
General Signal Amplification Strategy for Nonfaradic Impedimetric Sensing: Trastuzumab Detection Employing a Peptide Immunosensor (2017)

A label-free and reagent-free peptide mimotope capacitive biosensor has been developed for cancer drug (trastuzumab) quantification based on nonfaradic readout. The low sensitivity issue of capacitive biosensors was overcome with two innovations: peptide mimotope mixed self-assembled monolayer (SAM) biointerface and dilution of the analysis buffer. Signal amplification was achieved through dilution of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) to tune C<sub>dl</sub> to dominate the overall capacitance change upon target binding, which contribution is often negligible without dilution. After 1000× dilution, the limit of detection was lowered 500-fold (0.22 μg/mL) and the sensitivity was increased 20-fold [0.04192 (μg/mL)<sup>-1</sup>] in comparison with undiluted PBS. The proposed signal amplification strategy is more straightforward and practical compared to biorecognition element engineering and other strategies. The proposed method was further applied to planar electrodes for optimizing sensing response time to less than 1 min.
Strain enhancement in spacerless N-channel FinFETs with silicon-carbon source and drain stressors (2007)

By removing the SiN gate spacers in n-channel FinFETs with Silicon-Carbon (SiC) Source and Drain (S/D) stressors, the mechanical stress equilibrium is perturbed. Higher tensile channel stress can be achieved, after the transistor structure attains mechanical equilibrium once again after spacer removal. This stress increase results in up to ~15 % further I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Dsat</sub> enhancement over strained SiC S/D FinFETs with spacers intact. Peak G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> is enhanced by ~33 %.
Tunable birefringent filters using liquid crystal variable retarders (1994)

The design of tunable birefringent filters utilizing liquid crystal retarders is discussed. Liquid crystals, which can be manufactured as electrically-variable, true zero-order retarders, can be used in most fixed birefringent filter designs to allow spectral tunability. The wavelength range for liquid crystal retarders includes the entire visible spectrum and most of the near infrared. Typical response times for current devices are approximately 10 ms. Two common filter designs that lend themselves well to liquid crystal variable retarder technology are Lyot and Solc filters. Each of these filters can be tuned to any wavelength within the transmission range of the optical components by incorporating with each fixed birefringent element a liquid crystal retarder capable of varying retardance through one full wavelength. The characteristics of an assembled liquid crystal tunable filter are presented, and design considerations for tunable birefringent filters are discussed.
Methods of impulsive noise reduction using image processing (2017)

Lung cancer is a malignant disease that predominantly affects any part of the respiratory system and metastasize to the lymph nodes. Smoking is regarded as the principal risk factor for development of lung cancer. The lung cancer is of two types, small cell lung cancers (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Extent to which the cancer has spread in the body determines its stages and needs to be diagnosed at an early stage which introduces us to medical imaging. Various Computer aided systems have been purposeful in determining the tumors leading to Lung cancer. Prominent way of detecting is by creating its visual representations. Computer-assisted tomography using x-rays termed as Computed Tomography (CT) assists in generating images with less noise and eliminating the superimposition of images. Several types of image ‘noise’ are present such as random noise, statistical noise, electronic noise, structural noise; making it a tedious job for detecting the lung tumors. Dynamic part of the research is the removal of these noises, to obtain a hassle free image. This paper aims at presenting a brief review on lung cancer, various noise involved in medical image processing and technique for evicting the noise.
Streptomycete Spores (2012)

Abstract Gram‐positive bacteria of the genus Streptomyces are major inhabitants of soil and grow as branching hyphae, strikingly like the filamentous fungi. Whereas their mycelium is multicellular, dispersal and long‐term survival are achieved by unicellular spores. Spore formation is part of a complex developmental cycle involving dedicated reproductive aerial hyphae. The long apical cells of the aerial hyphae are divided into chains of tens of prespore compartments, which in turn mature into thick‐walled spores with condensed nucleoids and low metabolic activity, primed for dispersal and survival. Aerial hyphae and spore surfaces are coated with a proteinaceous fibrous sheath. This highly hydrophobic sheath is required for aerial hyphal emergence, and may aid spore dispersal and interaction with various interfaces. When exposed to appropriate environmental conditions, spores rehydrate and swell. Cell polarisation is required for the emergence of a germ tube, which develops into a mycelium by apical growth and side‐branch formation. Key Concepts: Streptomyces spores are distinctly different from bacterial endospores. Spores develop from dedicated reproductive structures called aerial hyphae. Streptomyces spores are formed by division of long, multigenomic hyphal cells into unigenomic compartments. A thick spore wall is assembled from within the maturing spore and contributes to quiescence and resilience. Spores are dehydrated, accumulate trehalose and have condensed nucleoids. An outer fibrous sheath confers surface hydrophobicity to aerial hyphae and spores. Germination involves rehydration, symmetrical swelling and establishment of polar growth leading to germ tube emergence.
Antimicrobial Peptides Under Clinical Trials (2016)

Today microbial drug resistance has become a serious problem not only within inpatient setting but also within outpatient setting. Repeated intake and unnecessary usage of antibiotics as well as the transfer of resistance genes are the most important factors that make the microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics. A large number of antimicrobials successfully used for prophylaxis and therapeutic purposes have now become ineffective [1, 2]. Therefore, new molecules are being studied to be used in the treatment of various diseases. Some of these molecules are structural compounds based on a combination of peptides, for example, naturally occurring endogenous peptide antibiotics and their synthetic analogues or molecules designed de novo using QSAR (quantitative structureproperty relationships)-based methods [3]. Trying to exploit numerous advantages of antimicrobial peptides such as high potency and selectivity, broad range of targets, potentially low toxicity and low accumulation in tissues, pharmaceutical industry aims to develop them as commercially available drugs and appropriate clinical trials are being conducted [4]. In this paper we define clinical trials steps and describe current status of several antimicrobial peptides under clinical development as well as briefly depict peptide drug formulation.
Does the REIT Stock Market Resemble the General Stock Market? (1995)

Gyourko and Keim (1993) point out that the continued growth of the Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) market depends critically on the stock market's ability to provide fair and accurate valuations of real estate. Given the recent surge of REIT initial public offerings (more than $15 billion in the 1993-1994 period), it is important to know whether the stock market provides the REIT market with the same level of information dissemination, monitoring activities and pricing mechanisms as that for other stocks. This study demonstrates that, when compared with the general stock market, REIT stocks tend to have a smaller turnover ratio, a lower level of institutional investor participation, and are followed by fewer security analysts. Furthermore, the level of financial analysts coverage and stock turnover intensity are higher when the REIT stock market is “hot”. The lack of attention from financial analysts and institutional investors in the REIT stock market may have some implications for the well-documented anomalous REIT stock performance.
A Quantitative Study of the Heat Labile Sulpides of Milk. III. Influence of Ph, Added Compounds, Homogenization and Sunlight (1943)

In connection with the work reported upon in the first two papers of this series The results of these studies constitute the basis of this paper.
컨벤션센터의 식음과서비스 운영방안 (1999)

The Convention Industry came to have footlights as a high supplement industry owing to the expansion of international cooperation and mutual interchange. The demands of the convention Industry is upsurging and the scale of it is enlarged. Now many countries focus on the convention as one of the chief industries. Because of the tendency of globalization, Convention(MICE : Meetings, Incentive Travels, Conventions, Expositions) Industry has high priority among many Industries as a main income source by entertaining foreign tourists. The purpose of this article is to establish a theory for Food & Beverage Facilities of Convention Center, and to conceptualize the efficient operation of convention FB Ⅰ. Introduction to the purpose and method of this study Ⅱ. The change environment of convention industry in Korea Ⅲ. Framework of the theory Ⅳ. The efficient operation for F&B Facilities of Convention Center Ⅴ. Conclusions The author hopes advancements of this study, and utilization of study results to the empirical study.
La historia del Hospital de Santa Maria de Lleida desde el estudio de sus denominaciones (2016)

El Hospital de Santa Maria surgio de la fusion de diferentes establecimientos existentes en la ciudad de Lleida a principios del siglo XV. Como consecuencia de estos cambios politicos y sociales, han sido muchos los nombres con los que se ha denominado. El objetivo del estudio fue el conocer la evolucion de las denominaciones. El espacio social e historico es la ciudad de Lleida. La primera referencia aparece en 1453, denominandose Hospital de Santa Maria. En 1915 el hospital fue transferido a la Diputacion de Lleida pasando a denominarse Hospital Provincial. Ha existido una amplia variedad en denominaciones que nos permiten conocer en cada momento cual era la dependencia administrativa del hospital.
Microsoft Windows2000 server : MCP試験70-215 MCSE対応 (2001)

第１章 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２０００ Ｓｅｒｖｅｒのインストール 第２章 リソースへのアクセスのインストール、構成、およびトラブルシューティング 第３章 ハードウェアデバイスとドライバの構成およびトラブルシューティング 第４章 システムのパフォーマンス、信頼性、可用性の管理、監視、最適化 第５章 記憶域の使い方の管理、構成、トラブルシューティング 第６章 Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ２０００ネットワーク接続の構成とトラブルシューティング 第７章 セキュリティの実装、監視、およびトラブルシューティング
Transluminal iliac artery dilatation. Nonsurgical catheter treatment of atheromatous narrowing (1974)

By means of a reinforced balloon catheter, percutaneous transluminal dilatation was used to treat 48 consecutive cases of atheromatous iliac artery narrowing. With no deaths and little increase in the time and risk of diagnostic arteriography, the procedure was successful in more than 80% of cases, giving immediate luminal enlargement and relief, as judged clinically, for up to six years, the maximum follow-up period. In properly selected patients, this technique should be used in preference to reconstructive vascular surgery. (<i>JAMA</i>230:117-124, 1974)
Freshly frozen E18 rat cortical cells can generate functional neural networks after standard cryopreservation and thawing procedures (2014)

Primary dissociated brain tissue from rodents is widely used in a variety of different scientific methods to investigate cellular processes in vitro. Often, for this purpose cell cultures need to be generated just on time, requiring extensive animal lab infrastructure. We show here that cryopreservation and thawing of dissociated tissue from rat cerebral cortex at embryonic day 18 is feasible without affecting its ability to form functional neuronal networks in vitro. Vitality of fresh and re-thawed cortical cells was comparable, assessed by CellTiter-Blue-assay, CytoTox-ONE assay, immunocytochemical characterization and in vitro neuronal network activity recordings on microelectrode arrays. These findings suggest that planning and execution of experiments might be considerably facilitated by using cryo-preserved neurons instead of acutely dissociated neural cultures due to fewer logistical issues with regard to animal breeding and pregnancy timed preparations.
Investigation of injury of coliforms after chlorination (1995)

The extent of coliform injury after chlorination and the relationship between regrowth of injured coliforms and assimilable organic carbon concentrations (AOC) were studied. Seeded ( Escherichia coli E25), sterilized tap water (AOC concentration adjusted to 400mg C/l) was incubated for a period of 3 weeks (25-28°C) after chlorination (0.5 and 1mg/l). Bacteria were enumerated using m-Endo agar LES and m-T7 agar. Chlorination resulted in a 3 log reduction in coliform counts within one minute. No viable colonies were found for 27% of the water samples enumerated with m-Endo agar LES. Injured coliforms were enumerated from all the water samples except one and were present in higher numbers than non-injured coliforms in the majority of the water samples. During the second and third weeks of incubation, only injured bacteria were observed in chlorinated samples. Additional AOC contributed little to the survival and regrowth of chlorinated bacteria.
Time domain PD-detection vs. dielectric spectroscopy (2002)

A theoretically developed relationship between partial discharges and the response from a system for dielectric spectroscopy was experimentally confirmed. The losses caused by the discharges were highest at test voltages with low frequencies. At 0.1 Hz, tan/spl delta/ tip-up at discharge inception was very difficult to observe. A very clear tip-up could be seen by detection of the third harmonic in the current through the test object. This is much more sensitive to the detection of internal partial discharges than traditional loss measurements, in particular when using low frequency test voltages.
Adaptive multi-hop timings synchronization for wireless sensor networks (2007)

Time synchronization for wireless sensor networks has been studied in recent years as a fundamental and critical design problem. This paper proposes an adaptive multi-hop timing synchronization (AMTS) which aims at minimizing overall network-wide energy consumption in timing synchronization. According to the current network status, AMTS determines the synchronization mode either the always on or sensor initiated mode, then adjusts the re-synchronization period to minimize energy consumption. Besides, it adapts a joint clock offset and skew estimation mechanism to achieve long term reliability of synchronization. AMTS has significant benefits in terms of energy-efficiency, and can be applied to various types of wireless sensor networks having different regulations.
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: Past, Present, and Future (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Historical Aspects Technologies Leading to the Current Monoclonal Antibody Engineering From Biotechnology to BioPharma Challenges and Opportunities for Monoclonal Antibodies, and Fc Fusion Proteins Summary, and “Where do we go from here” References
Blind restoration of turbulence-degraded image using maximum entropy algorithm (2008)

When the high-speed aircrafts with imaging guidance system fly in the atmosphere,the received images are greatly degraded due to the atmospheric turbulence. Thus the guidance precision is greatly constrained. A new maximum entropy blind restoration method to improve the degraded images having single background was proposed. The nonlinear entropy expression was approximated by the two order polynomial to reduce the complex computation caused by the nonlinearity of maximum entropy regularized terms. Theoretical analysis shows the accuracy of the approximation can be assured by the density transformation. The problem can be solved by the conjugate method which needs few computation. Then series of turbulent degraded images obtained from different conditions are restored to evaluate the proposed method.
Disjoint Quasi-Kernels in Digraphs (2005)

A vertex set X of a digraph D=(V, A) is a kernel if X is independent and for every v∈V-X there exists x∈K such that vx∈A. A vertex set X of a digraph D=(V,A) is a quasi-kernel if X is independent and for every v∈V-X there exist w∈V-X, x∈X such that either vx∈A or vw, wx∈A. In this paper, we provide a necessary condition and several sufficient conditions for a digraph to have a pair of disjoint quasi-kernels.