gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Scalable Two-Step Continuous Flow Synthesis of Nabumetone and Related 4-Aryl-2-butanones (2011)

Three different continuous flow strategies for the generation of important 4-aryl-2-butanone derivatives including the anti-inflammatory drug nabumetone [4-(6-methoxy-2-naphthalenyl)-2-butanone] and the aroma compounds raspberry ketone [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone] and its methyl ether [4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone] were evaluated. All three protocols involve the initial preparation of the corresponding 4-aryl-3-buten-2-ones via Mizoroki–Heck, Wittig, or aldol strategies, which is then followed by selective hydrogenation of the C═C double bond to the desired 4-aryl-2-butanones. The synthetic routes to 4-aryl-3-buten-2-ones were first optimized/intensified on small scale to reaction times of 1–10 min using batch microwave heating technology and then translated to a scalable continuous flow process employing commercially available stainless steel capillary tube reactors. For the synthesis of 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one a further scale-up using a custom-built mesofluidic mini-plant flow system capable of processing several liters per hour was designed to further expand the scale of the process. The final hydrogenation step was performed using a fixed-bed continuous flow hydrogenator employing Ra/Ni as a catalyst.
Métallurgie du Plomb - Procédés classiques et ressources primaires (2011)

La métallurgie du plomb est de moins en moins tributaire des ressources naturelles, car le recyclage prend une extension considérable dans tous les pays. Ici sont exposées les principales ressources naturelles et les opérations métallurgiques classiques fondées sur le grillage agglomérant des concen
The Optical and Vesta Projects: Ophthalmic Visualization and Virtual Surgery (2001)

In this paper we describe two projects. The first is our novel and superior method of calculating the shape of the cornea of the eye from measuring instuments, called videokeratographs, that typically shine a pattern (usually rings) of light onto the cornea and then capture the reflection pattern on a CCD array using a built-in video camera. Accurate and detailed information about the shape of the cornea is critical for the diagnosis and correction of vision problems. The second project is a virtual environment simulation of the surgical procedure of minimallyinvasive gallbladder removal, which is known as laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Our simulation is designed to enable us to easily experiment with different approaches to addressing the major issues of surgical simulation, and it represents our attempt to leverage a great deal of surgical experience in creating a simulation that focuses on the most important, most error-prone steps in the procedure. Currently we are expanding the simulation code to serve as a general-purpose surgical simulation authoring tool, experimenting with new tissue modeling techniques, and constructing a new haptic interface device.
Property evaluations of polymers used as housing material for passivation of electronic devices (2008)

In electronics, and especially in medicine technology, the significance of polymers rises at the present time. According to various publications about properties of polymers from different manufacturers, polymers have good dielectric properties, high conformity of coating, low permeability and high stability. Consequently, polymers are a good choice for many different applications. They allow flexible passivation for protection against harmful substances from dust to molecules in liquids. In this context the determination of the diffusion coefficient allows important insight into the protection performance of different polymers. At the example of a 1% NaCl-solution the permeability of different housing materials was measured as a parameter of their protection performance. These tests were broadened by experiments of the optic and geometric surface properties and the determination of the materialspsila adhesion forces. As housing polymers of electronic devices were examined a non-elastic and a flexible solder resist, a sealing wax, a sole gel as well as a Chlor-Poly-Para-Xylylen.
Effective Thermal Conductivity of Porous Solder Layers (2004)

Microscopic voids in the die attachment solder layers of power semiconductor devices degrade their overall thermal transfer performance. This paper presents analytical results of the effect of spherical and spheroidal void geometries on the thermal conductivity of bulk media. Analytical results are compared with axially symmetric and three-dimensional thermal simulations of single and multiple cavity defects in planar structures. The effective thermal conductivity of the die to the case attachment solder layer of two commercial metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) devices is estimated using these results, with cavity dimensions and distributions obtained by electron microscopy.
An Implementer's View of PHIGS (1986)

The Programmer's Hierarchical Interactive Graphics System (PHIGS) specifies an interface for programming device-independent computer graphics applications. After a brief review of PHIGS concepts, an experimental environment used to study and evaluate the proposed standard is presented. The basic structure and distribution of function in this PHIGS implementation is discussed. We describe the architecture of a device-independent environment designed to realize the performance essential to the adequate functioning of a PHIGS implementation. The results presented emphasize the PHIGS output model. Full utilization of workstation processing capabilities, minimization of host/workstation interaction and efficient data management are key to our implementation.
CT Perfusion Scanning with Deconvolution Analysis: Pilot Study in Patients with Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke (2002)

Deconvolution analysis of CT perfusion data is a promising method for evaluation of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with acute stroke.
Utilisation of sulphur-containing leaving groups. Part 2. Monitored reduction of carboxylic acids into alcohols or aldehydes via 3-acylthiazolidine-2-thiones by sodium rorohydride or di-isobutylaluminium hydride (1980)

3-Acylthiazolidine-2-thiones (2) have been prepared by three methods, and treated with di-isobutylaluminium hydride or sodium borohydride to give aldehyde or alcohol in high yield, respectively. The original yellow colour disappears when reduction is finished, enabling the reaction to be monitored. The high reactivity of the carbonyl group in amide (2) was briefly discussed.
HISTONES OF GENETICALLY ACTIVE AND INACTIVE CHROMATIN (1967)

It has frequently been proposed that a variation in the relative content of lysine-rich, moderately lysine-rich, and arginine-rich histones might provide a mechanism by which specific portions of the genome may be genetically regulated. This possibility was investigated by comparing the electrophoretic pattern of these three fractions in cells differing markedly in their content of genetically active and genetically inactive chromatin. Three models were used: heterochromatin versus euchromatin; metaphase cells versus interphase cells, and mature lymphocytes versus phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. In no case was there a significant difference in the histone patterns of these contrasting models. It is concluded that, although histones may act as a generalized repressor and structural component of chromatin, factors other than a variation in histone pattern may be responsible for repression or derepression of specific segments of the genome.
Improved Extended Kalman Filter Design for Passive Tracking (1979)

Extended Kalman filters are here modified for co-ordinate estimation of a stationary object using bearing measurements taken from a moving platform. The modifications improve significantly the co-ordinate estimation on the initial period of data collection when otherwise the performance is far from optimal. The modifications are to the non-linearities and could in some instances be implemented by the introduction of a time decreasing amplitude dither signal in the extended Kalman filter prior to the output non-linearity. A stability measure is also given which assists in the design of the modified non-linearities and in the selection of an appropriate co-ordinate basis to be used in the extended Kalman filter.
Regulation of glutathione metabolism in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells (1992)

Glutathione metabolism was studied in cancer cells during the growth of an Ehrlich ascites tumour. GSH, but not GSSG, content decreases when cell proliferation and the rate of protein synthesis in the tumour decrease. This change correlates with a decrease in the rate of GSH synthesis and an increase in glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase activities. Glutathione efflux from tumour cells seems to co-ordinate with the rate of GSH synthesis. Cysteine, and not methionine, promotes GSH synthesis in tumour cells. However, changes in the rate of GSH synthesis are not due to limitations in the supply of blood cysteine or to changes in the intracellular amino acid pool of the cancer cells. Our data suggest that changes in protein metabolism accompanying tumour growth in vivo can modulate glutathione content in cancer cells.
Crystallinity as a selection criterion for engineering properties of high density polyethylene (1985)

Abstract The Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to discriminate among 25 commercial high density polyethylenes (HDPE) on the basis of their degree of crystallinity and melting temperature. The area under the melting endotherm correlated directly with density and inversely with creep and thermal expansion measurements. Since high crystallinity was related to the design required properties of density, creep, and thermal expansion, DSC studies readily identified eight of the more promising polymers from the group of 25. The overall crystallization kinetics of polyethylenes with 75 percent crystallinity were analyzed by the Avrami and Fischer‐Turnbull equations. Results indicate small disk‐like spherulites (Avrami n = 2) following nucleation‐controlled growth kinetics. These conclusions are in reasonable agreement with polarizing microscope observations. An equilibrium melting temperature between 141 and 142°C was estimated from Hoffman‐Weeks plots. Processing thick parts from highly crystalline polyethylene is difficult because of the 14 percent volume change on crystallization. Higher degrees of crystallinity are associated with moderate molecular weight, so the viscosity range of these polyethylenes is not especially suited for processing by extrusion. These caveates necessitate tradeoffs between optimal design properties and processing requirements for HDPE parts.
Molecular biology of brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders (1996)

A significant component of the aging process is genetically determined. Numerous theories of aging exist, many of which postulate the existence of "longevity genes." Recent advances in molecular biological and other techniques have allowed a significantly greater understanding of aging and age-related disease. This will be illustrated by four genetic and sporadic diseases: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders, transthyretin dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy-Icelandic type and scrapie related diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common of this group, is the leading cause of dementia in Western countries. Recent genetic and biochemical studies have shown the involvement of at least four genes in the pathogenesis of AD. In early-onset familial AD mutations in the beta PP, S182 (presenilin 1) and STM2 (presenilin 2 or E5-1) genes have been found, while in the more common late-onset AD the presence of the apolipoprotein E4 isotype is a major risk factor. Genetic studies have also helped to elucidate the etiology of rarer cerebral amyloidoses such as the recently described Hungarian amyloidosis that is characterized by meningocerebrovascular amyloid deposition, with resultant dementia. This disease is linked to a mutation in the transthyretin gene. It is hoped that in the near future this increase in knowledge will allow the development of therapeutic approaches to slow the aging process.
Preliminary site report for the 2005 ICDP-USGS deep corehole in the Chesapeake Bay impact crater (2006)

First report for the ICDP-USGS 1.7-km-deep corehole drilled into the central part of the Chesapeake Bay impact crater during 2005.
Rituximab in Combination with High-Dose Steroids in Advanced, Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia. (2007)

Abstract High-dose methlyprednislone (HDMP) is active in refractory chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), and rituximab, although showing limited efficacy as a single agent, is effective when used in combination with other cytotoxic agents. Early relapse (<12 months) after purine-analogue based treatment poses a difficult management problem as older patients may be unable to tolerate treatment intensification. This retrospective audit examines the outcome in patients with advanced, refractory/relapsed CLL treated with a combination of high-dose steroids and rituximab. Eleven patients with CLL were treated with rituximab (375mg/m2) and high-dose steroids between 2003 and 2007. Ten patients had advanced and/or refractory disease and one patient had severe autoimmune haemolytic anaemia complicating early-stage CLL. Median age was 70 (range 54–82) and there were 7 male and 4 female patients. Nine patients had Binet stage C disease. Six of the 7 patients for whom results were available had germ-line variable heavy chain immunoglobuliun genes. Median number of prior treatments was 2 (range 1–6) with 9 patients having already received a fludarabine based-regimen. Six patients received a combination of rituximab and high-dose methylprednisolone (1gm/m2 on days 1–5) and 5 patients received a combination of rituximab and high-dose dexamethasone (40mg daily on days 1–4) and. Cycles were repeated every 28 days and the median number of cycles received was 4 (3–6). Antiviral and anti-PCP prophlaxis with aciclovir and co-trimoxazole was routinely prescribed. Response was assessed according to the NCI working group criteria. There was one complete response (CR) and 7 partial responses (PR). Furthermore, 2 of the patients who achieved a PR were successfully salvaged prior to reduced-intensity allogeneic stem-cell transplant and both remain in complete remission (CR) post-transplant. The other 3 patients had minor responses that did not meet NCI response criteria. Median duration of response was 13 months (6–35), excluding the 2 patients who received allogeneic transplants. Three patients required hospital admission with infective complications during treatment. No other significant toxicity was observed. 3 patients have died, none of whom had attained a PR. In conclusion, we found that rituximab in combination with high-dose steroids is a safe and well-tolerated combination in patients with advanced refractory CLL. One patient achieved a CR and we observed a PR in 7/11 patients. Importantly, 2 of these patients were successfully salvaged prior to reduced-intensity conditioning allogeneic stem-cell transplant and both remain in CR at 4 and 12 months respectively post-transplant.
Rat prostatic weight regression in reaction to ketoconazole, cyproterone acetate, and RU 23908 as adjuncts to a depot formulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue. (1988)

The effects of the s.c. administration of a depot formulation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue Zoladex were studied in normal male rats, alone and in combination with three drugs with "antiandrogenic" action (ketoconazole, cyproterone acetate, and RU 23908) on prostatic weight and on circulating hormone levels in order to investigate whether these antiandrogens might prevent the LHRH-A-induced initial increase in these parameters. These effects were compared with those caused by surgical castration. In addition the effects of the antiandrogens on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis were investigated. The depot LHRH analogue caused an initial increase in ventral prostatic weight after 4 days but suppressed the prostatic and testicular weights, the pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) content, and plasma LH and testosterone levels after 10 and 17 days. All three antiandrogenic drugs used prevented the initial LHRH analogue-induced rise in prostatic weight, while RU 23908 suppressed its weight after only 4 days. After 10 and 17 days cyproterone acetate and RU 23908 had a similar significantly greater suppressive effect on prostatic and testicular weights than the LHRH analogue alone, while the additive inhibitory effect of ketoconazole was smaller. Surgical castration suppressed prostatic weight significantly more after 4 days, while its effects after 10 and 17 days were similar to that exerted by the combination of LHRH-A and RU 23908. The antigonadotropic effect of cyproterone acetate and the indirect gonadotropin-stimulating effects of ketoconazole and RU 23908 were not recognized in rats simultaneously treated with the LHRH analogue and did not interfere with the LHRH analogue-induced rapid depletion of the pituitary LH content and the decrease in circulating LH and testosterone levels. The LHRH analogue stimulated circulating progesterone and suppressed 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels. Ketoconazole and cyproterone acetate caused disorders in the pituitary-adrenal axis via different mechanisms: ketoconazole caused adrenal hypertrophy with normal circulating corticosterone levels caused by a compensatory increase in ACTH secretion; while cyproterone acetate exerted glucocorticoid-like effects causing a depletion of the pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone content, adrenal atrophy, and lowered corticosterone levels. The addition of RU 23908 did not change the LHRH agonist-induced changes in adrenocortical activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with discrete involvement of pyramidal tract (2004)

The general consensus among sport and exercise genetics researchers is that genetic tests have no role to play in talent identification or the individualised prescription of training to maximise performance. Despite the lack of evidence, recent years have witnessed the rise of an emerging market of direct-to-consumer marketing (DTC) tests that claim to be able to identify children9s athletic talents. Targeted consumers include mainly coaches and parents. There is concern among the scientific community that the current level of knowledge is being misrepresented for commercial purposes. There remains a lack of universally accepted guidelines and legislation for DTC testing in relation to all forms of genetic testing and not just for talent identification. There is concern over the lack of clarity of information over which specific genes or variants are being tested and the almost universal lack of appropriate genetic counselling for the interpretation of the genetic data to consumers. Furthermore independent studies have identified issues relating to quality control by DTC laboratories with different results being reported from samples from the same individual. Consequently, in the current state of knowledge, no child or young athlete should be exposed to DTC genetic testing to define or alter training or for talent identification aimed at selecting gifted children or adolescents. Large scale collaborative projects, may help to develop a stronger scientific foundation on these issues in the future.
A fast planar partition algorithm. I (1988)

A fast randomized algorithm is given for finding a partition of the plane induced by a given set of linear segments. The algorithm is ideally suited for a practical use because it is extremely simple and robust, as well as optimal; its expected running time is O(m+n log n) where n is the number of input segments and m is the number of points of intersection. The storage requirement is O(m+n). Though the algorithm itself is simple, the global evolution of the partition is complex, which makes the analysis of the algorithm theoretically interesting in its own right.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of D‐Xylose‐Derived Allyl Ethers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Morphological and structural characteristics of the myopathic bone. (1993)

The aim of the present paper was to study the myopathic bone both from the morphological and structural viewpoints. To this end, samples from 8 patients affected by different neuromuscular diseases (DMD, SMA and CMD) have been examined. Thus, by SEM analysis a quantitative reduction of the trabeculae and an increase in porosity of the myopathic bone were found and also, by diffractometric analysis, the presence of pathologic crystalline phases (beta-TCP and beta-TCP-Mg).
Amylose gelation in low‐concentration conditions (1990)

Abstract Amylose gels of low concentration (1–2 wt.‐%) were studied by means of a rheological method and turbidity measurements. The effects of temperature and concentration were investigated. The kinetics of turbidity evolution and of the storage modulus G' variations were strongly dependent of both parameters. The overall gelation process could be described in three steps: first, an induction period, followed by a sharp variation of G' and turbidity, and finally a slow variation of G'. These observations confirm that amylose gelation proceeds through a phase separation process.
Work Capacity, Heart Rate and Blood Lactate Responses to Iron Treatment (1979)

Changes in haemoglobin (Hb), work performance, heart rate and postexercise blood lactate were studied in iron deficient, anaemic subjects for 16 d following total dosage infusion of iron dextran, i.v. (30-50 ml). Six adult men and 14 women were subjects with initial Hb levels of 6.6 +/- 0.6 g/dl (mean +/- SEM) for the iron treatment group (n=10) and 8.0 +/- 0.7 for the placebo group (saline infusion, n=10). Serum levels were 0.51 +/- 0.15 and 0.67 +/- 0.12 mg/l for the two groups, respectively. Haemoglobin and maximal work time increased significantly within 4 d after iron treatment and continued to increase up to 16 d. No changes were found in the placebo subjects. Heart rates at a given exercise intensity were lower in the iron treatment group than in control subjects who had the same Hb levels but had not been treated with iron. Post-exercise venous blood lactate was similar on succeeding days after iron treatment even though the subjects reached higher work loads. These results demonstrate the treatment of iron deficient, anaemic subjects with iron dextran results in improved work capacity within 4 d and a lower heart rate at a given work load after treatment which cannot be accounted for totally by the elevation of Hb concentration.
A case of neurosarcoidosis with necrotizing granuloma expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme (2010)

We described a case of neurosarcoidosis with necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis in a 22-year-old man. Contrast-enhanced brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed intracerebral multiple nodular lesions. Noncaseating and partial necrotizing granulomas were detected in the specimen resected by neurosurgery. In addition, immunohistochemical examination revealed the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme in necrotizing granuloma. Thus, these findings were consistent with neurosarcoidosis. Clinical and pathological presentation, immunological features, and treatment modalities of neurosarcoidosis are discussed.