gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design consideration for magnetically suspended flywheel systems (1985)

Consideration is given to the design, fabrication, and testing of a magnetically suspended flywheel system for energy storage applications in space. The device is the prototype of a system combining passive suspension of the flywheel plate by samarium cobalt magnets and active control in the radial direction using eight separate magnetic coils. The bearing assembly was machined from a nickel-iron alloy, and the machine parts are all hydrogen annealed. Slots in the magnetic plate allow four independent quadrants for control. The motor/generator component of the system is a brushless dc-permanent magnetic/ironless engine using electronic communication. The system has been tested at over 2500 rpm with satisfactory results. The system characteristics of the flywheel for application in low earth orbit (LEO) are given in a table.
Plastic buckling of rectangular plates under combined uniaxial and shear stresses (2006)

This paper is concerned with the plastic-buckling of rectangular plates under uniaxial compressive and shear stresses. In the prediction of the plastic-buckling stresses, we have adopted the incremental theory of plasticity for capturing the inelastic behavior, the Mindlin plate theory for the effect of transverse shear deformation, the Ramberg-Osgood stress-strain relation for the plate material, and the Ritz method for the bifurcation buckling analysis. The interaction curves of the plastic uniaxial buckling stress and the plastic shear buckling stress for thin and thick rectangular plates are presented for various aspect ratios. The effect of transverse shear deformation is examined by comparing the interaction curves obtained based on the Mindlin plate theory and the classical thin plate theory.
An analysis of arcuate staining with the B&L SOFLENS. Part I. (1975)

A survey of 100 of our patients wearing Bausch & Lomb hydrophilic lenses shows that 38.5 per cent demonstrate corneal staining. The type of corneal staining that we are concerned with is epithelial, superficial, arcuate and usually located peripherally in an area between four and eight o'clock.
An information model for configuration management of switching network elements, using OSI tools (2002)

The author discusses an object-oriented information model for configuration management of network switching elements, using the OSI (open systems interconnection) tools recommended by the standards bodies. Emphasis is placed on the application of object-oriented modeling techniques to describe an external view of the management information base contained within a network switching element. An example of an information model of managed object classes representing concurrent ISDN (integrated services digital network) and POTS (plain old telephone system) subscriber services is presented. These objects are managed by an operations system via an OSI interface using the services of the CMISE (common management information service element). The model is defined in terms of the modeling tools of inheritance, containment, and association.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhanced multinet gateway: survivable multi-level secure data communications (2002)

The enhanced multinet gateway (EMG) is a multilevel secure packet-based gateway that is being developed. The functions, capabilities, and security features of the EMG are described. As outlined, the EMG will provide for the secure flow of data from a single- or multilevel secure host or network to another host or network operating at an equal or higher security level. It will interface to a wide variety of commercial and tactical networks to provide a secure, adaptable means of information transmission between tactical and strategic military systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Fast SCFT Algorithm Applied to Binary Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Blends (2003)

We present an efficient strategy for mapping out the classical phase behavior of block copolymer systems using self-consistent-field theory. With our new algorithm, the complete solution of a classical block copolymer phase can be evaluated typically in a fraction of a second on a single-processor computer, even for highly segregated melts. This is accomplished by implementing the standard unit-cell approximation for the cylindrical and spherical phases and solving the resulting equations using a Bessel function expansion. Here the method is used to investigate blends of AB diblock copolymer and A homopolymer, concentrating on the situation where the two molecules are of similar size.
Tailored Education May Reduce Health Literacy Disparities in Asthma Self-Management (2005)

These findings suggest that inadequate health literacy is a surmountable barrier to learning and remembering key asthma self-management skills.
Über 1.2‐Dithia‐cyclopentene, VI. 2.5‐Diphenyl‐1.4‐dithia‐cyclohexadien‐dicarbon‐säureester‐(3.6) aus 4‐Halogen‐5‐phenyl‐1.2‐dithia‐cyclopentenonen‐(3) (1964)

Abstract Spaltung von 4‐Chlor‐ und 4‐Brom‐5‐phenyl‐1.2‐dithia‐cyclopentenon‐(3) (I und II) mit alkoholischem Alkali führt zu 1.4‐Dithia‐cyclohexadienen (V), die bei thermischer Behandlung Thiophenderivate liefern.
Emerging Roles of Exosomes in Normal and Pathological Conditions: New Insights for Diagnosis and Therapeutic Applications (2015)

From the time when they were first described in the 1970s by the group of Johnstone and Stahl, exosomes are a target of constant research. Exosomes belong to the family of nanovesicles which are of great interest for their many functions and potential for diagnosis and therapy in multiples diseases. Exosomes originate from the intraluminal vesicles of late endosomal compartments named multivesicular bodies and the fusion of these late endosomes with the cell membrane result in the release of the vesicles into the extracellular compartment. Moreover, their generation can be induced by many factors including extracellular stimuli, such as microbial attack and other stress conditions. The primary role attributed to exosomes was the removal of unnecessary proteins from the cells. Now, several studies have demonstrated that exosomes are involved in cell-cell communication, even though their biological function is not completely clear. The participation of exosomes in cancer is the field of microvesicle research that has expanded more over the last years. Evidence proving that exosomes derived from tumor-pulsed dendritic cells, neoplastic cells, and malignant effusions are able to present antigens to T-cells, has led to numerous studies using them as cell-free cancer vaccines. Because exosomes derive from all cell types, they contain proteins, lipids, and micro RNA capable of regulating a variety of target genes. Much research is being conducted, which focuses on the employment of these vesicles as biomarkers in the diagnosis of cancer in addition to innovative biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cardiovascular diseases. Interesting findings indicating the role of exosomes in the pathogenesis of several diseases have encouraged researchers to consider their therapeutic potential not only in oncology but also in the treatment of autoimmune syndromes and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, in addition to infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, diphtheria, and toxoplasmosis as well as infections caused by prions or viruses such as HIV. The aim of this review is to disclose the emerging roles of exosomes in normal and pathological conditions and to discuss their potential therapeutic applications.
Real-time polygonal-light shading with linearly transformed cosines (2016)

In this paper, we show that applying a linear transformation---represented by a 3 x 3 matrix---to the direction vectors of a spherical distribution yields another spherical distribution, for which we derive a closed-form expression. With this idea, we can use any spherical distribution as a base shape to create a new family of spherical distributions with parametric roughness, elliptic anisotropy and skewness. If the original distribution has an analytic expression, normalization, integration over spherical polygons, and importance sampling, then these properties are inherited by the linearly transformed distributions. By choosing a clamped cosine for the original distribution we obtain a family of distributions, which we call Linearly Transformed Cosines (LTCs), that provide a good approximation to physically based BRDFs and that can be analytically integrated over arbitrary spherical polygons. We show how to use these properties in a realtime polygonal-light shading application. Our technique is robust, fast, accurate and simple to implement.
Peripheral Selection of the T Cell Repertoire (1991)

T lymphocytes undergo selection events not only in the thymus, but also after they leave the thymus and reside in the periphery. Peripheral selection was found to be dependent on T cell receptor (TCR)-ligand interactions but to differ from thymic selection with regard to specificity and mechanism. Unlike thymic selection, peripheral selection required binding of antigen to the TCR, and it induced expansion of T cell clones. Tolerance to self antigens that are restricted to the periphery occurred through the elimination of self-reactive T cells and by the clonal anergy, which was associated with down-regulation of the alpha beta TCR and CD8.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 and androgen receptors in prostate neoplasia. (2000)

These findings argue in favor of an interaction between TGF-beta 1 and AR in the early stages of prostate carcinogenesis and suggest that TGF-beta 1 plays a central role in stromal-epithelial interactions during the early stages of malignant transformation.
Modern Portfolio Theory. II (2006)

The previous column presented the basic ideas of modern portfolio theory (MPT). This column covers additional aspects of the theory and presents a result known as the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The underlying theory is not always easy to grasp on a first encounter but is presented here because it plays a central role in investment theory and practice
High-power multiple quantum-well optical amplifiers (1991)

The gain characteristics of optical amplifiers are mainly determined by the following three parameters: the small-signal gain coefficient go (in cm-1), the saturation energy Eg, and the saturation power Pg. These parameters are not independent and can be traded off against each other.
Monitoring the Application-Layer DDoS Attacks for Popular Websites (2008)

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is a continuous critical threat to the Internet. Derived from the low layers, new application-layer-based DDoS attacks utilizing legitimate HTTP requests to overwhelm victim resources are more undetectable. The case may be more serious when such attacks mimic or occur during the flash crowd event of a popular Website. Focusing on the detection for such new DDoS attacks, a scheme based on document popularity is introduced. An Access Matrix is defined to capture the spatial-temporal patterns of a normal flash crowd. Principal component analysis and independent component analysis are applied to abstract the multidimensional Access Matrix. A novel anomaly detector based on hidden semi-Markov model is proposed to describe the dynamics of Access Matrix and to detect the attacks. The entropy of document popularity fitting to the model is used to detect the potential application-layer DDoS attacks. Numerical results based on real Web traffic data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Automated Two-Stage Assay for Determination of Antithrombin III with a Centrifugal Analyzer (1980)

The thrombin-inactivating alpha 2-globulin, antithrombin III (At-III), was measured in plasma and urine with a chromogenic tripeptide substrate, using a centrifugal analyzer. Plasma At-III was subnormal in liver disease. In acute myocardial infarction a mean At-III of approximately 120% of normal was found. At-III in persons who developed deep-vein thrombosis decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) between the day of admission and the 3rd day after admission to hospital. Urine from normals did not contain detectable At-III. With increasing urinary albumin increasing concentration of At-III was found.
A Synthesis of 2-Alkylamino-4,5-dihydroimidazoles (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of 2-Alkylamino-4,5-dihydroimidazolesSamuel R. Aspinall and Ernest J. BiancoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 602–603Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted Piperidines via Radical Cyclization (2010)

A novel approach to 2,4,5-trisubstituted piperidines is reported, involving the 6-exo cyclization of stabilized radicals onto α,β-unsaturated esters. Only two of the four possible diastereoisomers are observed, with diastereomeric ratios ranging from 3:2 to 40:1 when the radical stabilizing group is vinyl or phenyl. Cyclization of a (triethylsilyl)vinyl-stabilized radical gives the corresponding piperidine radical as a single diastereoisomer that may either be trapped by tributyltin hydride to afford the 2,4,5-trisubstituted piperidine or undergo a second 5-endo cyclization onto the (triethylsilyl)vinyl substituent to produce the 3,5,7-trisubstituted octahydro[2]pyrindene as a single diastereoisomer.
pH Titration studies of an SH2 domain‐phosphopeptide complex: Unusual histidine and phosphate p<i>K<sub>a</sub></i> values (1997)

Electrostatic interactions in a complex of the phospholipase C-gamma 1 C-terminal SH2 domain with a high-affinity binding phosphopeptide representing the sequence around Tyr 1021 of the beta platelet-derived growth factor receptor were studied by pKa determination of various titratable groups over the pH range of 5 to 8. A histidine residue that is highly conserved among SH2 domains (His beta D4) and the phosphotyrosine (pTyr) phosphate group show pKa values significantly lower than average for these residue types in proteins. The reduced pKa of these two groups is due to the proximity of the highly positively charged pTyr binding pocket. The unusual pKa of His beta D4 is also due to burial from solvent in a hydrogen-bonding network that appears necessary for the positioning of arginine residues involved in pTyr binding. Mutation of the analogous histidine in other SH2 domains has been shown to abrogate pTyr binding. In addition to these large shifts in pKa values, smaller effects were observed for the titratable groups of a glutamic acid and histidine near the C-terminus of the the second helix due to its helical dipole. Finally, exchange behavior of arginine guanidinium protons with solvent as a function of pH in this SH2 domain-phosphopeptide complex confirms previous descriptions of the roles of different arginines in the structure and function of this protein.
Transductive learning via spectral graph partitioning (2003)

We present a new method for transductive learning, which can be seen as a transductive version of the k nearest-neighbor classifier. Unlike for many other transductive learning methods, the training problem has a meaningful relaxation that can be solved globally optimally using spectral methods. We propose an algorithm that robustly achieves good generalization performance and that can be trained efficiently. A key advantage of the algorithm is that it does not require additional heuristics to avoid unbalanced splits. Furthermore, we show a connection to transductive Support Vector Machines, and that an effective Co-Training algorithm arises as a special case. 1.
Analysis of polyniorphisms of the 2′, 3′-cyclic nucleotide-3′-phosphodiestcrase gene in patients with multiple sclerosis (1996)

Susceptibility to multiple sclerosis (MS) is widely held to have a genetic component. Possible candidate genes conferring this susceptibility include those coding for proteins specific to central nervous system (CNS) myelin. 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) is an enzyme found at high concentrations in CNS myelin, however its function is unknown. The amino acid sequence of CNPase shows a C-terminal motif characteristic of proteins involved in signal transduction pathways, suggesting a key role in myelin function. We have analysed the entire expressed sequence of the human CNPase gene in patients with multiple sclerosis and in healthy controls using single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Nine previously undescribed mutations were detected, most of these occurred with equal frequency in both groups. However, a T-->C transition at nucleotide position 4306 in the region of the gene coding for the 3' untranslated region of the mature mRNA was found in a homozygous form in two out of 54 patients but in none of 100 controls. While the significance of this is unclear, it would appear unlikely that mutations in the expressed regions of the human CPNase gene contribute to genetic susceptibility to MS in the majority of sufferers.
The Last Page (1988)

The Last Page WHS, Jr. WHS, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sociology of Religion, Volume 49, Issue 1, Spring 1988, Page v, https://doi.org/10.1093/socrel/49.1.v Published: 01 March 1988
Hierarchical architecture for parallel query processing on networks of workstations (2002)

Networks of workstations (NOWs) are cost-effective alternatives to multiprocessor systems. Recently, NOWs have been proposed for parallel query processing. Idle CPU cycles of workstations in a NOW-based system can be used to process database query operations. We report on the performance of the hierarchical architecture for parallel query processing on a NOW. We have implemented the hierarchical architecture using PVM on a Pentium-based NOW. The experimental results reported suggest that the hierarchical architecture is successful in achieving good scale-ups and speedups indicating that the idle processor cycles are effectively used for query processing. The hierarchical system can also handle both light and heavy workloads in a load sharing fashion. Our results also suggest that the performance is sensitive to the minimum fragmentation size (chunk size) for partial operations and the structure of queries.
Learning Confidence for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Neural Networks (2018)

Modern neural networks are very powerful predictive models, but they are often incapable of recognizing when their predictions may be wrong. Closely related to this is the task of out-of-distribution detection, where a network must determine whether or not an input is outside of the set on which it is expected to safely perform. To jointly address these issues, we propose a method of learning confidence estimates for neural networks that is simple to implement and produces intuitively interpretable outputs. We demonstrate that on the task of out-of-distribution detection, our technique surpasses recently proposed techniques which construct confidence based on the network's output distribution, without requiring any additional labels or access to out-of-distribution examples. Additionally, we address the problem of calibrating out-of-distribution detectors, where we demonstrate that misclassified in-distribution examples can be used as a proxy for out-of-distribution examples.
Specificities of Albumin Receptors and Albumin Antibodies (1981)

Receptor sites for polymerized human serum albumin (pHSA) on the envelope of hepatitis B virus (hepatitis B surface antigen) and antibodies to pHSA in sera of patients with liver disease were differentiated by an indirect fluorescent antibody method. Analysis of the specificities of pHSA receptors and antibodies to pHSA by hemagglutination inhibition suggested that pHSA receptors reacted with a species-specific site on pHSA, whereas "autoantibodies" to pHSA cross-reacted with pHSA from different species. These human antibodies inhibited the binding of hepatitis B surface antigen-associated receptors to pHSA.
OBSERVATION OF NEW VISIBLE GAS LASER TRANSITIONS BY REMOVAL OF DOMINANCE (1963)

First Page
Synchronous Pollination within and between Ears Improves Kernel Set in Maize (2000)

In maize ( Zea mays L.), the later‐fertilized ovaries often abort, thereby reducing kernel set. We examined whether altering the time interval between pollination of florets within an ear or between ears could affect final kernel number per plant. Synchrony of pollination was varied by natural‐ and hand‐pollination of four hybrids, contrasting in prolificacy (ears plant −1 ). Plants were grown in the field at low (2.5 and 3 plants m −2 ) and high (7.5 and 9 plants m −2 ) plant populations, without water or nutrient stress. Increasing plant population generally delayed silk appearance, but most silks were exposed within 5 d after silking (DAS). Synchronous pollination of all exposed silks on apical and sub‐apical ears 5 DAS improved kernel number (KN) per plant and the floret fertility index (FFI = number of kernels/number of pollinated silks), relative to open‐pollinated plants. At low plant populations, the KN plant −1 increase resulted primarily from a large increase (39–535%, depending upon the hybrid) in kernels on sub‐apical ears. At high plant populations, only apical ears set kernels. Synchronous pollination increased KN in these ears 8 to 31%, depending on the hybrid. Thus, timing of pollination had a large impact on kernel set, and the disadvantage associated with an ontogenetic delay in silk emergence could be partially overcome by synchronous pollination. Because delayed pollination of early‐silking ovaries allowed a greater number of the late‐silking ones to set kernels, factors other than assimilate availability per fertile floret likely are involved in controlling kernel set.