gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of oxide scales on heat transfer in secondary cooling zones in the continuous casting process, part 1: heat transfer through hot‐oxidized steel surfaces cooled by spray‐water (1990)

For the cooling of steels in the continuous casting process it is necessary to know the heat transfer from the solidifying strand to the cooling water to enable calculation of the secondary cooling zone. Previous investigations have only determined this variable for non‐oxidizing metallic surfaces. For many steels cast in practice, however, the formation of oxide layers prevents a direct transfer of the previous results. In the present research the influence of the oxide layers on the heat transfer has been investigated for spay‐water cooling. Results have shown that heat transfer in the range of stable film boiling is determined for a constant spray‐water temperature in the same way as for non‐oxidizing metals, i.e. using the water mass flux density · s only. The changed surface qualities resulting from the oxide formation cause the Leidenfrost temperature, however, to shift considerably to higher values.
Antiapoptotic therapies in the treatment of spinal cord injury (2007)

Mechanical trauma to the spinal cord triggers events resulting in the death of neurons and glia over several weeks following the initial injury. It has been suggested that the prevention of delayed apoptosis after spinal cord injury (SCI) is likely to have a beneficial effect by reducing the extent of neuronal and oligodendroglial death, which would translate into better functional outcomes. Drugs acting at different levels in the apoptotic cascade (i.e., caspase inhibitors and antiapoptotic Bcl-xL) have been shown to decrease apoptotic cell death, but benefits in functional outcomes result only when inflammation is also decreased. Furthermore, long-term antiapoptotic therapy can result in nonapoptotic death with necrotic features, which will further increase inflammation and worsen outcome. Even though neuroprotective therapies are one of the targets for the promotion of functional recovery after SCI, targeting only post-SCI apoptosis is unlikely to be as successful as more integrated interventions that also target inflammation.
EXPERIENCES WITH PELVIC PERFUSION FOR CARCINOMA (1962)

HURLEY, JOHN D.; WALL, THOMAS; WORMAN, LEONARD W.; SCHULTE, WILLIAM J. Author Information
Radiating emissions from the planar electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures (2010)

Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are considered as a viable solution for the problem of switching noise in printed circuit boards and packages. Less attention, however, has been given to whether or not the introduction of EBGs affect the EMI potential of the circuit to couple unwanted energy to neighboring layers or interconnects. In this paper, we show that the bandgap of EBG structures, as generated using the Brillouin diagram, does not necessarily correspond to the suppression bandwidth generated using S-parameters. In fact, we show that the slow modes which typically exist at the edges of the bandgap of periodic structures contribute to increased radiation, even within the suppression band obtained from the S-parameters. We validate this finding using numerical simulation. Based on this work, design guidelines for EBG structures can be drawn to insure not only suppression of switching noise but also minimization of EMI.
A New approach to pseudofunctions for multiphase flow in stratified porous media (1991)

Considering flooding of stratified reservoirs, this paper focus on the case with significant gravity effects. Assuming the fluids are incompressible, we develop a new VerticaI Equilibrium (VE) theory, and introduce pseudo-functions to describe the displacement problem. From the form of the pseudorized equations we conclude that previously proposed analytical methods for assessing flood performance may lead to erroneous results due to incorrect treatment of gravity. We derive travelling wave solutions for the pseudorized problem and compare an example case with numerical simulations. We show that the travelling wave solution can be formulated as a new generalized Dietz solution which accounts for reservoir stratifications and capillary effects. Previously published interface models are obtained in the limit of zero capillary pressure. We derive several results for stationary displacement, and introduce a graphical method for assessing the vertical sweep efficiency under these circumstances.
ChemInform Abstract: Electron Transfer Processes. Part 52. Promotion of Electron Transfer by Protonation of Nitrogen‐Centered Free Radicals. The Addition of Radicals to Iminium Ions. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The interplay of tRNAhis and histidyl-tRNA synthetase in plant mitochondria (1998)

Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Plantes,
Testing for Erosion-Corrosion Under Disturbed Flow Conditions Using a Rotating Cylinder with a Stepped Surface (2000)

Erosion-corrosion is most severe in the vicinity of flow disturbances. In the past, erosion-corrosion under disturbed flow conditions has been studied experimentally in flow loops and numerically by performing flow simulations. In this study, a new, compact experimental setup was tested, intended for the study of erosion-corrosion under disturbed flow conditions, involving a rotating cylinder geometry with a sudden step. A thorough characterization of this new setup was initiated, involving wall mass-transfer measurements complemented with direct numerical simulation of the turbulent flow around it. A large variation of the wall mass-transfer rates behind the step was measured, similar in character to the one obtained in flow through a sudden pipe expansion. Flow simulations have confirmed that this flow geometry will create a qualitatively similar mean flow pattern as observed in a sudden pipe expansion flow involving flow separation and reattachment. Simulations also have shown that there is a large-scale unsteadiness in the turbulent flow structure downstream the step, a fact that might have a significant impact on erosion-corrosion. Further work on characterization of the new electrode involving erosion-corrosion measurements is in progress.
Low‐Density Lipoprotein Apheresis for Focal Glomerular Sclerosis (1997)

We report on a 22-year-old female with focal glomerular sclerosis and hyperlipidemia who did not respond to long-term steroid or immunosuppressant therapy. When low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis was performed, her total daily protein excretion decreased, serum albumin increased, total cholesterol decreased from 1,052 mg/dl to 148 mg/dl after 3 months, and the serum lipoprotein(a) level also decreased from 117.8 mg/dl to 9.1 mg/dl. After this therapy, her clinical course was well maintained. By controlling hyperlipidemia, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein(a), low-density lipoprotein apheresis may produce clinical improvement in focal glomerular sclerosis.
The thermoluminescence sensitivity ‐ Metamorphism relationship in ordinary chondrites: Experimental data on the mechanism and implications for terrestrial systems (1986)

Hydrothermal annealing experiments have been performed on samples of the Sharps meteorite in order to investigate the mechanism responsible for the metamorphism‐related, 10 5 ‐fold range in the thermoluminescence (TL) sensitivity in ordinary chondrites. Duplicate 50 mg samples of meteorite were annealed under the following conditions: (a) 168 h at 785°C and 1 kbar; (b) the same time, temperature and pressure, but with 2 wt% water; (c) 174 h at 855°C and 0.77 kbar with 2 wt% water and 2 molal sodium disilicate (NadiSi); (d) the same time, temperature and pressure as the preceding samples, but with 10 wt% H 2 O and 2 molal NadiSi. Samples annealed under the first three sets of conditions showed little or no change in their TL sensitivities, however the samples annealed with 10 wt% water and 2 molal NadiSi showed a 3 to 10‐fold increase in TL sensitivity, and the temperature of the TL peak was suggestive of feldspar in the high‐temperature form. We suggest that these data are consistent with the TL sensitivity‐metamorphism relationship in ordinary chondrites being due to the formation of the TL phosphor, feldspar, by the crystallization of chondrule glass.
The epigenetic regulators Bmi1 and Ring1B are differentially regulated in pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2009)

Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are associated with major changes in cell differentiation. These changes may be at the basis of the increased risk for PDAC among patients with chronic pancreatitis. Polycomb proteins are epigenetic silencers expressed in adult stem cells; up-regulation of Polycomb proteins has been reported to occur in a variety of solid tumours such as colon and breast cancer. We hypothesized that Polycomb might play a role in preneoplastic states in the pancreas and in tumour development/progression. To test these ideas, we determined the expression of PRC1 complex proteins (Bmi1 and Ring1b) during pancreatic development and in pancreatic tissue from mouse models of disease: acute and chronic pancreatic injury, duct ligation, and in K-Ras(G12V) conditional knock-in and caerulein-treated K-Ras(G12V) mice. The study was extended to human pancreatic tissue samples. To obtain mechanistic insights, Bmi1 expression in cells undergoing in vitro exocrine cell metaplasia and the effects of Bmi1 depletion in an acinar cancer cell line were studied. We found that Bmi1 and Ring1B are expressed in pancreatic exocrine precursor cells during early development and in ductal and islet cells-but not acinar cells-in the adult pancreas. Bmi1 expression was induced in acinar cells during acute injury, in acinar-ductal metaplastic lesions, as well as in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and PDAC. In contrast, Ring1B expression was only significantly and persistently up-regulated in high-grade PanINs and in PDAC. Bmi1 knockdown in cultured acinar tumour cells led to changes in the expression of various digestive enzymes. Our results suggest that Bmi1 and Ring1B are modulated in pancreatic diseases and could contribute differently to tumour development.
<b>The Photosensitited Dimerization of Cyclopentadiene</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Photosensitited Dimerization of CyclopentadieneNicholas J. Turro and George S. HammondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 14, 2841–2842Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00873a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00873a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mechanism Design to Promote Free Market and Open Source Software Innovation (2005)

Some economic strategists now assert that the greatest value in information goods is not created by thestrongest and most restrictive intellectual property protection. Proponents of Open Source Software argue for value created by peer review and openly modifiable shared code. To explore these ideas, we articulate a balance of incentives as indexed by the length of time that software remains proprietary, and openness as indexed by the amount of the platform code base that an author releases to the developer community (and users) to promote the creation of new products. We analyze the trade-off between early and late release based on a two-sided network externality that explores how the release of free information benefits those who develop as well as those who consume. We also introduce a framing innovation that places existing licenses in a space that suggests where unexplored socially optimal licenses might exist.
Blue Phase Range Widening Induced by Laponite Nanoplatelets in the Chiral Liquid Crystal CE8 (2015)

We report on the widening of blue phase range induced by surface-functionalised laponite nanoplatelets dispersed in a chiral liquid crystal. The results are obtained by means of high-resolution ac calorimetry and optical microscopy and they are reproducible upon heating and cooling, identifying thermodynamically stable blue phases. It is shown that nanoplatelets target mostly the cubic structure of blue phase I and increase its temperature stability range by a factor of two. The present results are in agreement with recent findings that anisotropic nanoparticles tend to effectively stabilise blue phase I.
A Framework for Assessing Risk Reduction Due to DNAPL Mass Removal from Low‐Permeability Soils (1997)

Abstract Many emerging remediation technologies are designed to remove contaminant mass from source zones at DNAPL sites in response to regulatory requirements. There is often concern in the regulated community as to whether mass removal actually reduces risk, or whether the small risk reductions achieved warrant the large costs incurred. This paper sets out a proposed framework for quantifying the degree to which risk is reduced as mass is removed from DNAPL source areas in shallow, saturated, low‐permeability media. Risk is defined in terms of meeting an alternate concentration limit (ACL) at a compliance well in an aquifer underlying the source zone. The ACL is back‐calculated from a carcinogenic health‐risk characterization at a down gradient water‐supply well. Source‐zone mass‐removal efficiencies are heavily dependent on the distribution of mass between media (fractures, matrix) and phase (aqueous, sorbed, NAPL). Due to the uncertainties in currently available technology performance data, the scope of the paper is limited to developing a framework for generic technologies rather than making specific risk‐reduction calculations for individual technologies. Despite the qualitative nature of the exercise, results imply that very high total mass‐removal efficiencies are required to achieve significant long‐term risk reduction with technology applications of finite duration. This paper is not an argument for no action at contaminated sites. Rather, it provides support for the conclusions of Cherry et al. (1992) that the primary goal of current remediation should be short‐term risk reduction through containment, with the aim to pass on to future generations site conditions that are well‐suited to the future applications of emerging technologies with improved mass‐removal capabilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a 3‐β‐D‐Ribofuranosylisothiazolo(4,5‐d)pyrimidin‐7( 6H)‐one Isoster of Inosine. Efficient Synthesis of Fused Isothiazole C‐ Nucleosides. Part 1. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Amenity Effect on Human Psychology as Affected by Ornamental Foliage Plants Used as a Screen. (1999)

In the present study, amenity effect on human psychology as affected by ornamental foliage plants used as a screen was analyzed by means of electroencephalogram (EEG) and semantic differential technique.The experiments were carried out in a room at Ehime University in November and December of 1997. The following three conditions concerning the arrangement of ornamental foliage plants or screens around the subject were rated by eleven students.(a) a screen on each side of the subject(b) a screen on the one side and three ornamental foliage plants on the other side of the subject(c) three ornamental foliage plants on each side of the subjectElectroencephalogram of each student were measured in the room. Ratio of alpha wave to beta wave was calculated as an index expressing the degree of amenity. As for semantic differential technique, factor analysis was performed based on nineteen SD scales.Higher ratio of alpha wave to beta wave was observed in the condition (c). Two factors were extracted by the factor analysis. The factor scores of the condition (b) and the condition (c) were higher than the factor score of the condition (a). These results indicated the amenity effect on human psychology by plants.
Sex differences in hepatic fatty acid uptake reflect a greater affinity of the transport system in females (1992)

In this study, we examined the hypothesis that the reported sex difference in hepatic free fatty acid (FFA) uptake involves the putative FFA transport system, the plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm). In hepatocytes isolated from both male and female rats, initial [3H]oleate uptake velocity reflected transmembrane influx and not subsequent metabolism and was a saturable function of the unbound oleate concentration. Although Vmax values were similar (61 +/- 2 vs. 65 +/- 5 pmol.min-1.5 x 10(4) cells-1 for females and males, respectively), the apparent Km was significantly smaller in females (40 +/- 4 vs. 90 +/- 11 nM; P less than 0.05), reflecting faster influx velocities in female cells over a range of unbound oleate concentrations. The oleate efflux rate constant was also greater in females (0.280 +/- 0.014 vs. 0.198 +/- 0.020 min-1; P less than 0.05) despite their greater hepatic content of cytosolic FABP. Finally, despite the greater rates of transmembrane FFA flux in female hepatocytes, the surface expression of FABPpm was virtually identical in the two sexes (2.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 2.4 +/- 0.4 microgram/10(6) cells). Collectively, these data indicate that at FFA-to-albumin ratios occurring in vivo the plasma membrane of female hepatocytes transports oleate bidirectionally at a greater rate than that of male hepatocytes. A sex-related difference in the functional affinity of FABPpm for FFA appears the most likely explanation for the greater oleate uptake in females.
Effects of Fluoxetine on Human Embryo Development (2016)

The use of antidepressant treatment during pregnancy is increasing, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely prescribed antidepressants in pregnant women. Serotonin plays a role in embryogenesis, and serotonin transporters are expressed in two-cell mouse embryos. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether fluoxetine, one of the most prescribed SSRI antidepressant world-wide, exposure influences the timing of different embryo developmental stages, and furthermore, to analyze what protein, and protein networks, are affected by fluoxetine in the early embryo development. Human embryos (n = 48) were randomly assigned to treatment with 0.25 or 0.5 μM fluoxetine in culture medium. Embryo development was evaluated by time-lapse monitoring. The fluoxetine-induced human embryo proteome was analyzed by shotgun mass spectrometry. Protein secretion from fluoxetine-exposed human embryos was analyzed by use of high-multiplex immunoassay. The lower dose of fluoxetine had no influence on embryo development. A trend toward reduced time between thawing and start of cavitation was noted in embryos treated with 0.5 μM fluoxetine (p = 0.065). Protein analysis by shotgun mass spectrometry detected 45 proteins that were uniquely expressed in fluoxetine-treated embryos. These proteins are involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, and inflammatory response. Culturing with 0.5 μM, but not 0.25 μM fluoxetine, caused a significant increase in urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) in the culture medium. In conclusion, fluoxetine has marginal effects on the timing of developmental stages in embryos, but induces expression and secretion of several proteins in a manner that depends on dose. For these reasons, and in line with current guidelines, the lowest possible dose of SSRI should be used in pregnant women who need to continue treatment.
Quantum dynamics of van der Waals clusters: Model results for He2Cl2 and Ne2Cl2 fragmentation (1993)

Wave packet calculations are carried out on a three degrees of freedom model for the fragmentation dynamics of X2Cl2 van der Waals clusters, with X=He and Ne. The model allows Cl2 to vibrate, but not rotate, with the X atoms restricted to motion in a plane perpendicular to and bisecting the Cl2 bond. The (X, Cl2 center, X) angle θ is also held fixed. Both X+XCl2 and 2X+Cl2 continua are explicitly included. Results for He2Cl2(v′) vibrational predissociation to 2He+Cl2(vF), with 7≤v′≤13 are presented, and found to be in qualitative accord with experiment. In particular, even though products Cl2(vF=v′−1) are energetically allowed for all v′ in the range, ≊90% of the products are estimated to be in vF=v′−2. Inspection of the wave packet confirms that a sequential mechanism He2Cl2(v′)→He+HeCl2(v′−1)→2He+Cl2(vF=v′−2) is operative. Theoretical lifetimes for Ne2Cl2(v′)→2Ne+Cl2(vF) are in rough agreement with experimental results, where available. The Cl2(vF) product distributions for Ne2Cl2(v′) are estimated to be similar to those obtained for He2Cl2(v′), with vF=v′−2 products being dominant over the entire v′ range. This is only partly in accord with experiment, which points to both vF=v′−1 and vF=v′−2 products being important when the v′−1 product channel is open (for v′≤10 in this case). We show that variation in θ can enhance production of vF=v′−1 products, and that this effect should be most important for Ne2Cl2(v′).
Phenomenological model for the optically induced easy direction (2007)

We present a phenomenological model to interprete the optically induced easy direction in a nematic cell in the slab approximation. One of the surfaces of the sample is supposed to give strong anchoring, whereas the other, covered with photosensible material, very weak anchoring. We assume that a surface nematic molecule is submitted to a potential connected with its interaction with the surface easy direction, with the surface nematic field, and with the optical induced anisotropy. The case in which the coupling with the nematic order in the bulk is important is considered too. A differential equation for the time evolution of the surface director is proposed, in which the viscous torque is balanced by the torque related to the surface fields. We show that our theoretical predictions are in agreement with experimental data on the optical induced surface orientation. The dependence of the anchoring energy strength on the irradiation time for dye-doped liquid crystals is also investigated.