gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MACSIM: a cloud profiling radar for studying the Earth radiation processes and budget (1997)

Within the post-2000 time frame of the ESA Earth Observation Programme, an Earth Radiation mission has been selected together with three other candidate Earth Explorer missions for phase A studies. If selected for the phase B after the phase A study, the Earth Radiation mission could be flown as early as 2003 to 2005, for a mission duration of 4 years. The Earth Radiation mission would include in its payload a cloud profiling radar (Millimeterwave Active Cloud Structure Imaging Mission), which provides vertical active soundings of cloud-layer structures down to the Earth's surface. The radar foresees a sensing frequency located in the band 94-95 GHz in order to maximise its sensitivity for cloud measurements. This instrument represents a technological challenge, since no radar has yet been flown in space at such a high frequency and with high power. The limit of performance is imposed by the feasibility of the required technologies within the above specified time frame.
Levoamphetamine vs Dextroamphetamine in Minimal Brain Dysfunction (1976)

Double-blind crossover randomized Latin square comparison of placebo, dextroamphetamine, and levoamphetamine in 31 consecutively diagnosed children with minimal brain dysfunction (MBD) replicated a smaller nonrandom study. Both isomers showed significantly more benefit than placebo but were not significantly different from each other. Dextroamphetamine showed a nonsignificant trend of superiority over levoamphetamine. Of 25 subjects who responded well to drugs, three responded only to levoamphetamine, five only to dextroamphetamine, and 17 to both. This study seems to confirm the efficacy of levoamphetamine in MBD. An unsocialized aggressive subgroup (308.4) showed a nonsignificant trend for levoamphetamine superiority, in contrast to the hyperkinetic (308.0) and overanxious (308.2) subgroups. Those who responded best to levoamphetamine tended (not significantly) to be from poorer functioning families. Parents' ratings, but not teachers' or psychiatrists' ratings, showed significant placebo effect.
Blockchain-Based Internet of Vehicles: Distributed Network Architecture and Performance Analysis (2018)

The rapid growth of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has brought huge challenges for large data storage, intelligent management, and information security for the entire system. The traditional centralized management approach for IoV faces the difficulty in dealing with real-time response. The blockchain, as an effective technology for decentralized distributed storage and security management, has already showed great advantages in its application of Bitcoin. In this paper, we investigate how the blockchain technology could be extended to the application of vehicle networking, especially with the consideration of the distributed and secure storage of big data. We define several types of nodes such as vehicle and roadside for vehicle networks and form several sub-blockchain networks. In this paper, we present a model of the outward transmission of vehicle blockchain data, and then give detail theoretical analysis and numerical results. This paper has shown the potential to guide the application of blockchain for future vehicle networking.
Cloning and DNA sequencing of bgaA, a gene encoding an endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase, from an alkalophilic Bacillus strain (N137) (1994)

The gene bgaA encoding an alkaline endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (lichenase) from an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. strain N137, isolated in our laboratory, was cloned and expressed from its own promoter in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of a 1,416-bp DNA fragment containing bgaA was determined and revealed an open reading frame of 828 nucleotides. The deduced protein sequence consists of 276 amino acids and has a 31-amino-acid putative signal peptide which is functional in E. coli, in which the BgaA protein is located mainly in the periplasmic space. The lichenase activity of BgaA is stable between pH 6 and 12, it shows optimal activity at a temperature between 60 and 70 degrees C, and it retains 65% of its activity after incubation at 70 degrees C for 1 h. This protein is similar to some other lichenases from Bacillus species such as B. amyloliquefaciens, B. brevis, B. licheniformis, B. macerans, B. polymyxa, and B. subtilis. However, it has a lysine-rich region at the carboxy terminus which is not found in any other published lichenase sequence and might be implicated in the unusual biochemical properties of this enzyme. The location of the mRNA 5' end was determined by primer extension and corresponds to nucleotide 235. A typical Bacillus sigma A promoter precedes the transcription start site.
The application of image cytometry to viability assessment in dual fluorescence‐stained fish spermatozoa (2004)

The viability of spermatozoa has been assessed using SYBR 14 staining for DNA of living cells and propidium iodide staining for DNA of degenerate cells. This dual staining was performed on four fish species (Siberian sturgeon, Acipenser baerii; common carp, Cyprinus carpio; tench, Tinca tinca and wels, Silurus glanis) and the proportions of live and dead spermatozoa were assessed by epifluorescence microscopy and image cytometry. Ten phase contrast and epifluorescent images were recorded per sample, corresponding images were overlaid, and the blended images were evaluated for live and dead spermatozoa, represented by green and red fluorescence signals. Live/dead proportions were assessed, after dual thresholding, by imaging software that counted absolute numbers of objects and computed their frequencies. All sperm heads were found to be labelled, emitting either green or red light. Mean numbers of spermatozoa per image were in the ranges 32-113, 61-105, 48-104 and 29-91 for Siberian sturgeon, common carp, tench and wels, respectively. The corresponding proportions of live spermatozoa were in the ranges 83.56-94.59%, 93.92-97.02%, 76.14-97.76% and 79.45-83.76%. Standard deviations did not exceed 5% of the means. The image cytometric system using dual staining with SYBR 14 and propidium iodide was clearly suitable for assessing the viability of freshwater fish spermatozoa.
A New Method for Matching Network Adaptive Control (2012)

This paper presents a novel direct calculation method for matching network adaptive control utilizing an analytic algorithm based on an integrated measurement of load impedance. In principle, this approach has no limitations on the match tuned load impedance and the operating frequency, but in practice its operation is restricted by the matching network tolerances and the accuracy and dynamic range of the load impedance measurement circuitry. The matching network consisting of microelectromechanical systems tunable capacitors and high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> fixed inductors is one of the best choices for this loop since it has a broad match tuning range across loads condition and frequencies.
Determination of extractable methylene dianiline in thermoplastic polyurethanes by HPLC (1984)

Polyurethanes are finding increasing utilization in biomedical applications. Recently, the reported finding of methylene dianiline (4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, MDA) in the aqueous extracts of autoclaved 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate-based polyurethanes promoted our investigation of the origin and extent of extractable methylene dianiline in polyurethanes. A high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure using precolumn derivatization is utilized to selectively monitor the appearance of this diamine in the aqueous extracts of polyurethanes subjected to water immersion, heat aging, and various sterilization techniques. No MDA was found in the aqueous extracts of the treated polyurethane except for the case of prolonged steam autoclaving. The appearance of 3-5 ppb MDA in the extract under these conditions is attributed to hydrolysis of the polymer. The stability of the polyurethanes under most conditions renders these materials useful in biomedical applications.
The Complete Handbook of Athletic Footwear (1987)

https://openprairie.sdstate.edu/prairiestriders_pubs/1077/thumbnail.jpg
Enhancing the Analytical Performance of Electrochemical RNA Aptamer-Based Sensors for Sensitive Detection of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics (2013)

Folding-based electrochemical sensors utilizing structure-switching aptamers are specific, selective, sensitive, and widely applicable to the detection of a variety of target analytes. The specificity is achieved by the binding properties of an electrode-bound RNA or DNA aptamer biorecognition element. Signaling in this class of sensors arises from changes in electron transfer efficiency upon target-induced changes in the conformation/flexibility of the aptamer probe. These changes can be readily monitored electrochemically. Because of this signaling mechanism, there are several approaches to maximizing the analytical attributes (i.e., sensitivity, limit of detection, and observed binding affinity) of the aptamer sensor. Here, we present a systematic study of several approaches, including electrochemical interrogation parameters and biomolecular engineering of the aptamer sequence, to develop a sensor for the detection of aminoglycoside antibiotics. Specifically, through a combination of optimizing the electrochemical signal and engineering the parent 26-nucleotide RNA aptamer sequence to undergo larger conformation changes, we develop several improved sensors. These sensors exhibit binding affinities ranging from 220 nM to 42 μM, as much as a 100-fold improved limit of detection in comparison to previously reported sensors, and a variety of linear ranges including the therapeutic window for tobramycin. These data demonstrate that rational engineering of the aptamer structure to create large conformation changes upon target binding leads to improved sensor performance. We believe that the sensor design guidelines outlined here represent a general strategy for developing new aptamer folding-based electrochemical sensors.
The Effect of Temperature on Rate of Ethylene Evolution from Ethephon and from Ethephon-treated Leaves of Sour Cherry1 (1978)

Abstract The effect of temperature on ethylene evolution from ethephon-treated sour cherry ( Prunus cerasus L. cv. Montmorency) leaves was determined subsequent to foliar application. The upper surface of uniform fully expanded leaves was treated in the field with 125 μ g of ethephon, (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid. After 24 hours, leaves were detached and ethylene was measured during incubation at temperatures between 10 and 34°C. Ethephon degradation in buffered solutions was also monitored between 10 and 50° and over a range in pH from 3.0 to 7.0. The effect of temperature on rate of endogenous ethylene evolution was examined for sweet cherry shoots and sour cherry leaves, and was calculated for several other tissues and species from values found in the literature. The rate of ethylene evolution from both ethephon-treated leaves and buffered solutions was markedly temperature dependent, with an apparent energy of activation (E a ) of 30 to 32 kcal mole -1 . There was no pH-temperature interaction affecting the E a for buffered solutions. A generalized E a for endogenous ethylene evolution was about 13 kcal mole -1 .
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor attenuates mouse cerebellar granule cell GABAA receptor-mediated responses via postsynaptic mechanisms (2003)

In addition to exerting long-term neurotrophic influences on developmental process such as neuronal survival and neuritic outgrowth, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been reported to modulate synaptic transmission in the short-term. Considerable evidence indicates that BDNF acutely modulates NMDA receptor-mediated synaptic activity. However, whether BDNF modulates inhibitory synaptic transmission remains to be firmly established. In the present study, we examined the effect of acute BDNF exposure on GABA-evoked whole-cell responses as well as GABAergic synaptic activity in cultured mouse cerebellar granule cells. GABA-evoked responses were reduced by 39.5 +/- 4.7 % upon acute and focal application of BDNF (100 ng ml-1). The reduction of the GABA response recovered only partially even minutes after removal of BDNF. TrkB-IgG and K252a, but not K252b, prevented the BDNF-induced attenuation of the GABA response. BDNF exposure shifted the cumulative peak amplitude distribution leftward for both spontaneous IPSCs (sIPSCs) and miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) without affecting the rise time and decay time constants. Acute exposure to BDNF also resulted in internalization of GABAA receptors in cultured cerebellar granule cells, as reflected by diminished immunostaining with an antibody against the GABAA receptor beta2/3 subunit. Although the BDNF-induced GABAA receptor internalization was sensitive to K252a, it did not become manifest until 5 min after exposure to BDNF. Therefore, receptor internalization alone cannot account for the prompt BDNF-induced attenuation of GABA-mediated activity. We conclude that BDNF modulates GABAA receptor-mediated activity through TrkB receptor signalling that triggers a kinase-dependent short latency effect and a delayed longer latency effect hallmarked by receptor internalization.
Use of fast spin echo for phase shift magnetic resonance thermometry (2003)

With the proposed non-CPMG FSE sequence it is feasible to quantify temperature changes by means of the PRF shift.
A Fast Digital Terrain Simplification Algorithm with a Partitioning (2000)

In this paper, we introduce a fast simplification algorithm for terrain height fields to produce a triangulated irregular network, based on the greedy insertion algorithm in [1,4,5]. Our algorithm partitions a terrain height data into rectangular blocks with the same size and simplifies blocks one by one with the greedy insertion algorithm. Our algorithm references only to the points and the triangles within each current block for adding a point into the triangulation. Therefore, our algorithm runs faster than the greedy insertion algorithm, which references all input points and triangles in the terrain. Our experiment shows that partitioning method runs from 4 to more than 20 times faster, and it approximates test height fields as accurately as the greedy insertion algorithms. Most greedy insertion algorithms suffer from elongated triangles that usually appear near the boundaries. However, we insert the four corner points into each block to produce the base triangulation of the block before the point addition step begins so that elongated triangles could not appear in the simplified terrain.
Adenosine does not evoke pain from venous and paravascular nociceptors in the human (1992)

Adenosine does not mediate or modulate pain via venous or paravascular nociceptors. Therefore these nociceptors are unlikely to be involved in adenosine related ischaemia pain.
[Antigen loading on dendritic cells affects the cell function in stimulating T cells]. (2000)

The proliferation of CD(4)(+) cells after cultured with DC may become an indicator for the function of antigen loaded DC and for the efficiency of DC immunotherapy.
Symbol-Wise Chase Decoding of q-ary Block Codes over BI-AWGN Channels (2010)

This letter investigates Chase decoding of q-ary block codes over binary input additive white Gaussian noise channels. Performances of bitwise and symbol-wise test pattern generation are compared. A simple algorithm for evaluating symbol reliability is proposed. Simulation results for Reed-Solomon codes show that the proposed symbol-wise algorithm has a better performance than a bitwise approach with no increase in overall decoding complexity.
Adaptive periodic noise cancellation for the control of acoustic howling (1989)

Presents a new method of containing the effects of acoustic echoes. The method is based on an adaptive periodic noise canceller (APNC), itself a variation on the well-known adaptive line enhancer. A simple but effective solution to the problem of containing howling in public address and handset free telephone systems has been proposed in the form of an APNC based on a FIR filter and driven by the LMS algorithm. By means of computer simulations of an acoustic feedback loop, the ability of the system to contain any sustained tendency towards instability has been demonstrated with no noticeable degradation in the quality of the speech signal.
<title>Directional moving averaging interpolation for bilinear texture mapping</title> (1994)

In image wrapping, the post-filtering is necessary to avoid aliasing effect. Here, we develop a hybrid space-variant directional filtering for post-processing. In order to reduce the computation, we classify the filter area as three blocks: constant, oriented, and irregular. The constant and irregular blocks are local average filtering and elliptical weighted average filtering. In oriented model, we propose a new filtering method called elliptical weighted adaptive directional moving average filter. In the experiments, we show that our method may correct the distorted images and have better results, with better subjective quality, especially with high magnification ratio, such as four times or more.
Multiscale geometrical reconstruction of porous structures (1996)

Multiscale percolation systems (MPSs) were proposed to study invasion processes in porous media with a large pore size distribution, considering the porous section as a polydisperse structure that modifies its geometrical structure when the scale of observation is changed. Multiscale models are nonregular percolation systems and do not have the following limitations common to classical percolation systems: (i) It is not necessary to choose a particular value for the coordination number Z nor to establish a particular distribution law for it and (ii) constrictions appears naturally as pores of smaller diameters connecting pores of greater diameters, as the result of superposing different scales. A fundamental question that arises in this method is related to the conservation of the spatial connectivity between the pores, which is very important if MPS models are to be used for simulating fluid retention and transfer. The present work is focused on this problem. It is shown that, although conserving the classical correlation function at the object level, i.e., pores, the use of a MPS as a representation of a porous medium does not allow for the conservation of the geometrical structure of clusters of connected pores. An improved MPS model is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Curcumin as an Inhibitor of Cancer (1992)

Curcumin I (Cur I) and curcumin III (Cur III) are the yellow coloring phenolic compounds isolated from the spice turmeric. The effect of curcumins on different stages of development of cancer was studied. Cur I inhibited benzopyrene- (BP) induced forestomach tumors in female Swiss mice, and Cur III inhibited dimethylbenzanthracene- (DMBA) induced skin tumors in Swiss bald mice. Cur I also inhibited DMBA-initiated, tetradeconyl phorbol acetate-promoted skin tumors in female Swiss mice. In vitro 3H-BP-DNA interaction studies, and in vivo carcinogen metabolizing enzyme studies revealed that curcumins exert anticarcinogenic activity by altering the activation and/or detoxification process of carcinogen metabolism. Cur I and Cur III also exhibit in vitro cytotoxicity against human chronic myeloid leukemia, which is dose dependent. This study shows that curcumins inhibit cancer at initiation, promotion and progression stages of development.
Evaluation of the efficiency of industrial flares: H/sub 2/S gas mixtures and pilot-assisted flares. Final report, April 1985-July 1986 (1986)

The report is the fourth in a series on a research program that will result in quantification of emissions from, and efficiencies of, industrial flares. The report gives test data on the combustion efficiency and destruction efficiency of (1) gas mixtures containing H/sub 2/S, and (2) flare flames with pilot-flame stabiliztion. The latest tests, conducted on 3- and 6-in. open pipe flares without aerodynamic flame-stabilization devices, led to conclusions including: (1) gas mixtures of H/sub 2/S/N/sub 2/ can be stably flared at much lower volumetric gas heating values than can propane/N/sub 2/ mixtures; (2) destruction and combustion efficiencies greater than 98% are obtained for gas mixtures of H/sub 2/S/N/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/S/propane/N/sub 2/ when the gas-heating value is at least 1./sub 2/ times the level required to produce a stable flame; (3) for mixtures containing both H/sub 2/S and propane, H/sub 2/S destruction efficiency was consistently higher than propane combustion efficiency; and (4) combustion efficiencies greater than 98% for pilot-assisted flares are achieved when the heating value is greater than 1.2 times that required to stabilize the flame.
Novel Synchronization for TDS-OFDM-Based Digital Television Terrestrial Broadcast Systems (2004)

As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in modern digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) systems to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. In this paper, novel synchronization schemes, including timing, frequency offset estimation, and phase error tracking, are proposed for the time domain synchronous OFDM (TDS-OFDM) based DTTB systems. Simulations under different channel situations verify the efficiency of the proposed schemes.
Frequency and Phase Lock Loop (1977)

A new electronic subsystem has been developed: The frequency and phase lock loop. It has an extended acquisition range compared to the standard phase lock loop. It will be advantageous to use this new loop in all applications where a simultaneous need for large acquisition range and a narrow tracking bandwidth can justify the added complexity of the new loop.
Blame Detention Centres, Not Detainees (2011)

The sad plight of detention centres in Australia as well as the desolate and overcrowded surroundings that detainees live in are the factors mainly responsible for the problems taking place in such centres; and not the detainees themselves. The need to urgently reform the existing detention policy is highlighted.
Mode of Action of the Antimicrobial Peptide Aureocin A53 from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2002)

We investigated the mode of action of aureocin A53 on living bacterial cells and model membranes. Aureocin A53 acted bactericidally against Staphylococcus simulans 22, with >90% of the cells killed within a few minutes. Cell death was followed by lysis, as indicated by a clearing of the cell suspension and Gram staining. Aureocin A53 rapidly dissipated the membrane potential and simultaneously stopped biosynthesis of DNA, polysaccharides, and protein. Aureocin A53 induced a rapid release of preaccumulated glutamate and Rb(+). Experiments on model membranes demonstrated that aureocin A53 provoked significant leakage of carboxyfluorescein (CF) exclusively from acidic liposomes but only at relatively high concentrations (0.5 to 8 mol%). Thus, the bactericidal activity of aureocin A53 derives from membrane permeation via generalized membrane destruction rather than by formation of discrete pores within membranes. Tryptophan emission fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated interaction of aureocin A53 with both acidic and neutral membranes, as indicated by similar blue shifts. Since there was no significant aureocin A53-induced CF leakage from neutral liposomes, its appears that the peptide does interact with neutral lipids without provoking membrane damage.