gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PJ-Tertial in Nepal – Medizin auf dem Dach der Welt (2010)

Bei Nepal denkt man als Europäer vor allem an flatternde Gebetsfahnen, Yaks, Yetis – und die fast endlos hohen Berge des Himalaya. Wenige wissen, dass in diesem höchst gelegenen Land der Erde von 1996 bis 2006 ein Bürgerkrieg tobte. Anita Kirner hat in Nepal ein PJ-Tertial absolviert. Sie traf freundliche Menschen, überraschend viele indische Ärzte und eine Medizin, die trotz Mangel (relativ) gut funktioniert.
Clinical evaluation of the Alta hip bolt in peritrochanteric hip fractures. (1998)

We reviewed the clinical and radiographic results of 58 patients with peritrochanteric fractures treated with the Alta hip bolt (a sliding compression device that inserts a dome plunger in the femoral head instead of a hip screw). This group was compared with a group of 53 patients treated with conventional hip screws. Three patients (5.2%) treated with the Alta hip bolt and three patients (5.7%) treated with conventional hip screw had failure of fixation. Failure of fixation consistently occurred in patients with unstable fracture patterns or significant osteopenia. There were no cases of bolt cut-out in stable intertrochanteric fractures. We conclude that the Alta hip bolt performs as well as sliding hip screws in peritrochanteric fractures, but the additional learning curve and increased cost do not justify its routine use at this point in time.
Unified Camera Tamper Detection Based on Edge and Object Information (2015)

In this paper, a novel camera tamper detection algorithm is proposed to detect three types of tamper attacks: covered, moved and defocused. The edge disappearance rate is defined in order to measure the amount of edge pixels that disappear in the current frame from the background frame while excluding edges in the foreground. Tamper attacks are detected if the difference between the edge disappearance rate and its temporal average is larger than an adaptive threshold reflecting the environmental conditions of the cameras. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated for short video sequences with three types of tamper attacks and for 24-h video sequences without tamper attacks; the algorithm is shown to achieve acceptable levels of detection and false alarm rates for all types of tamper attacks in real environments.
A NEW ANALYSIS METHOD FOR LSS DIAGRAM MODEL (1989)

In this paper, using the fuzzy mathematical method, information structure model of Large Scale System (LSS) is discussed, and the detailed analysis methods, the matrix method and the diagram method, are given. In order to analyze the information strucute of LSS in detail, some new concepts such as subpassabilitv and so on are proposed. The proposed methods are suitable not only to the system which can be described by mathematical model, but also to the system which can only be described by diagram model. At the end of the paper, the relationship between passability and controllability (observability) is discussed.
Social Networking Sites and Grief: An Exploratory Investigation of Potential Benefits (2009)

This study examines the effectiveness of the use of social networking sites (in this case MySpace.com) in helping grieving individuals adjust to bereavement. A questionnaire was completed by 106 college students who had experienced the death of a friend or loved one and also were aware of the deceased person having a personal MySpace page, memorial page, or both. Participants completed the Hogan Grief Reaction Checklist, a measure of adjustment to bereavement, and answered questions regarding activities in which they had engaged to move them forward in their grief, such as funerals and online activities (Bereaved Activities Questionnaire, Revised). Results indicated that, although participants thought their online activities were helpful and attributed many positive outcomes to expressing their grief on social networking sites, there was no relation between use of the sites and grief adjustment scores. It appeared that this sample was not in great distress and had, in many ways, already adjusted well to bereavement. Further research should investigate the extent to which using social networking sites can be helpful for individuals who are known to be in distress.
Construction of a cancer-targeted nanosystem as a payload of iron complexes to reverse cancer multidrug resistance (2015)

Multidrug resistance has been identified as a major cause of failure of cancer treatment. Due to their relative non-toxicity, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been reported as excellent cancer therapeutic nanodrugs. In this study, we designed and prepared a novel nanosystem with borneol surface-functionalized and liver targeting to overcome the multidrug resistance. Borneol (Bor)-modified SeNPs can significantly improve the stability of SeNPs and their anticancer activity. Fe(PiP)<sub>3</sub> (PiP = 2-phenylimidazo [4,5-f][1,10] phenanthroline) is a novel anticancer agent with low solubility and stability. In this study, we have constructed a functionalized SeNPs (GAL/Bor@SeNPs) by the surface decoration of galactosamine (GAL), which is a liver targeting ligand that significantly enhanced the cellular uptake of Fe(PiP)<sub>3</sub>-loaded nanosystem via dynamin-mediated lipid raft endocytosis and clathrin-mediated endocytosis in liver cancer cells overexpressing asialoglycoprotein receptor, thus achieving amplified anticancer efficacy. This multifunctional nanosystem exhibited excellent hemocompatibility and anticancer activity comparing with Fe(PiP)<sub>3</sub> or SeNPs alone. Remarkably, GAL/Bor@SeNPs antagonized the multidrug resistance in R-HepG2 cells by inhibiting the expression of ABC family proteins, resulting in enhanced drug accumulation and retention. Internalized nanoparticles released free iron complexes into the cytoplasm, which triggered ROS down-regulation and induced apoptosis through activating AKT and MAPKs pathways. Moreover, this nanosystem effectively prolonged the circulation time of encapsulated drugs. Taken together, this study suggests that GAL and Bor functionalization could be an effective strategy to design cancer-targeted nanomaterials to antagonize multidrug resistance in cancers.
Non-Linear Correlation Discovery-Based Technique in Data Mining (2008)

In this paper, a novel technique was present for mining complete correlation itemset, named as NLCD(non-linear correlation discovery) from hereon. In the first, it employ the vertical representation of a database, and then to find the direction between the correlative itemsets with fast processing and lots of them through the whole, including many kinds of correlation. Transaction ids of each itemset are mapped and compressed to discrete bool sequence. Lastly it was evaluated the algorithm against algorithms LCD using a variety of data sets with short and long frequent patterns. Experimental report showed that the NLCD algorithm outperforms.
Design considerations for computationally constrained two-way real-time video communication (2009)

Today's video codecs have evolved primarily to meet the requirements of the motion picture and broadcast industries, where high‐complexity studio encoding can be utilized to create highly‐compressed master copies that are then broadcast one‐way for playback using less‐expensive, lower‐complexity consumer devices for decoding and playback. Related standards activities have largely ignored the computational complexity and bandwidth constraints of wireless or Internet based real‐time video communications using devices such as cell phones or webcams. Telecommunications industry efforts to develop and standardize video codecs for applications such as video telephony and video conferencing have not yielded image size, quality, and frame‐rate performance that match today's consumer expectations and market requirements for Internet and mobile video services. This paper reviews the constraints and the corresponding video codec requirements imposed by real-time, 2-way mobile video applications. Several promising elements of a new mobile video codec architecture are identified, and more comprehensive computational complexity metrics and video quality metrics are proposed in order to support the design, testing, and standardization of these new mobile video codecs.
An Aspartic Endopeptidase is Involved in the Breakdown of Propeptides of Storage Proteins in Protein‐Storage Vacuoles of Plants (1997)

To understand the mechanism of the maturation of various proteins in protein-storage vacuoles, we purified a 48-kDa aspartic endopeptidase composed of 32-kDa and 16-kDa subunits from castor bean. Immunocytochemical and cell fractionation analyses of the endosperm of maturing castor bean seed showed that the aspartic endopeptidase was localized in the matrix of the protein-storage vacuoles, where a variety of seed storage proteins were also present. The amount of the aspartic endopeptidase increased at the mid-maturation stage of the seeds before accumulation of the storage proteins. To determine how the aspartic endopeptidase is responsible for maturation of seed proteins in concert with the vacuolar processing enzyme, we prepared 35S-labeled proproteins of seed proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum fraction of pulse-labeled maturing endosperm and used the authentic proproteins as substrates for in vitro processing experiments. The purified aspartic endopeptidase was unable to convert any of three endosperm proproteins, pro2S albumin, proglobulin, and proricin, into their mature sizes, while the purified vacuolar processing enzyme could convert all three proproteins. We further examined the activity of aspartic endopeptidase on the cleavage of an internal propeptide of Arabidopsis pro2S albumin, which is known to be removed post-translationally. The aspartic endopeptidase cleaved the propeptide at three sites under acidic conditions. These results suggest that aspartic endopeptidase cannot directly convert pro2S albumin into the mature form, but it may play a role in trimming the C-terminal propeptides from the subunits that are produced by the action of the vacuolar processing enzyme.
The Dimensionality Reduction of Feature Vectors by Generalized Cross Product (2008)

Fisher¿s discriminant requires the inverse operation of high-order within-class scatter matrix [S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</sub> ] in the dimensionality reduction of feature vectors. The results may be inaccurate if [S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w</sub> ] is close to singular. This paper presents another classification-oriented mapping method for the dimensionality reduction of high-dimensional feature vectors, based on the generalized cross product of multi-vectors. The mapped feature vector is transformed into a cross matrix to generate a product vector, whose robustness depends on both the orthogonality and the norm-homogeneousness of the cross matrix, for pattern classification. To insure the within-class congregation and between-class separability of the mapping of feature vectors, it is proved that the optimum cross matrix is merely the orthonormalized basis of 2 reference vectors of sorted sample sets according to the robustness theorem of generalized cross product proposed in this paper. Numerical experiments showed that the proposed method has a better separability and better robustness of separability than Fisher¿s method in the dimensionality reduction of high-dimension feature vectors.
A MULTIPLE REMOTE SENSOR SYSTEM FOR THE AERIAL SURVEILLANCE OF THE NORTH SEA AND BALTIC SEA (2001)

A MULTIPLE REMOTE SENSOR SYSTEM FOR THE AERIALSURVEILLANCE OF THE NORTH SEA AND BALTIC SEA*O. Trieschmann, Th. Hunsanger, U. B. BarjenbruchGerman Federal Institute of Hydrology56068 Koblenz, GermanyEmail: trieschmann@bafg.deABTRACTMarine pollution in the sensible North Sea and Baltic Sea forces aninternational aerial surveillance. Within this framework, the German aerialsurveillance system operates an advanced instrumentation on board of two ‘Dornier228’ aircrafts. The instrumentation consists of a set of remote sensors within animproved sensor network of the second generation. The aim is to detect oil spills onthe water surface, emitted accidentally or illegally. For surveillance purposes thespills have to be located within a large area. If spills were identified, the pollution hasto be classified and quantified with a high accuracy.This paper describes the set of instruments and their potential to fulfill thesedemands. A sideward looking airborne radar (SLAR) operates to locate the discharge,whereas a line scanning infrared/ultraviolet line scanner (IR/UV) allows to examinethe polluted area more precisely with a higher resolution. The IR/UV sensor andespecially the line scanning microwave radiometer (MWR) on board the aircraftallow to quantify the thickness of the oil film. A laser-fluoro line scanning sensor(LFS) classifies the oil as well as organic material, chlorophyll, and gelbstoff. Aforward looking infrared imaging camera completes the set of instruments that allowto convict the polluter. A detailed technical description of the sensors is presentedwith respect to the specific interests of potential administrative and scientific users.Results of sensor measurements and their synergy effects are given.1.0 INTRODUCTIONDuring the last two decades, the German Federal Ministry of Transport set up an airbornesurveillance system to monitor the German territorial waters in the North Sea and Baltic Sea for oildischarges and marine pollution. These activities are within an international effort culminated in theMARPOL Agreement and HELSINKI Convention defining an international standard on the protectionand surveillance of the North Sea and Baltic Sea. The airborne maritime surveillance system consisted oftwo DO 28 aircraft each equipped with a Side-Looking Airborne Radar (SLAR) for detecting oil slicksover large distances, a UV/IR scanner for mapping the sea surface in the nadir range, and TV andphotographic cameras for the identification of the polluter and for collecting evidence.
A VMEBUS Based, Real Time Sorter Design for Positron Emission Tomography (1986)

Important design aspecrs of a real-time sorting system for PET have been discussed. A general functional description was offered. Principal data flows witnin the design wrere listed. Processing algcrithms were detailed. A critical performance goal of 1MHz throughput and measured compliance were given.
An Adaptive MPEG-4 Streaming System Based on Object Prioritisation (2003)

Streaming of video and multimedia content has generated a lot of interest, especially with the recent development of mobile devices with multimedia capabilities. However, ubiquitous multimedia systems face many challenges, such as varied and limited network performance and viewing device capabilities.
The<i>shaking-B</i><sup>2</sup>Mutation Disrupts Electrical Synapses in a Flight Circuit in Adult<i>Drosophila</i> (1997)

The shaking-B2 mutation was used to analyze synapses between haltere afferents and a flight motoneuron in adult Drosophila. We show that the electrical synapses among many neurons in the flight circuit are disrupted in shaking-B2 flies, suggesting that shaking-B expression is required for electrical synapses throughout the nervous system. In wild-type flies haltere afferents are dye-coupled to the first basalar motoneuron, and stimulation of these afferents evokes electromyograms from the first basalar muscle with short latencies. In shaking-B2 flies dye coupling between haltere afferents and the motoneuron is abolished, and afferent stimulation evokes electromyograms at abnormally long latencies. Intracellular recordings from the motoneuron confirm that the site of the defect in shaking-B2 flies is at the synapses between haltere afferents and the flight motoneuron. The nicotinic cholinergic antagonist mecamylamine blocks the haltere-to-flight motoneuron synapses in shaking-B2 flies but does not block those synapses in wild-type flies. Together, these results show that the haltere-to-flight motoneuron synapses comprise an electrical component that requires shaking-B and a chemical component that is likely to be cholinergic.
Arctic Offshore Deepwater Ice Structure Interactions (1979)

ABSTRACT As Dome Petroleum Limited and others discover the potentially rich hydrocarbon resources of the offshore Arctic areas it becomes a priority to develop the specialized production systems required for this unique area. This paper describes a platform design which could form an integral part of such an Arctic production system. This Arctic Production Monocone (APM) has been designed for year round operation in the Beaufort Sea in medium water depths up to 250 feet. The platform is comprised of three basic components; a doughnut shaped base, a bottle shaped superstructure, and a removable jack-up deck. The base section provides the foundation for the structure, and may be either a piled or gravity base depending on the in-situ soil conditions. The submerged conical mid-section of the superstructure is designed to minimize the ice forces by causing ice ridges to fail in flexure. The surface piercing cylindrical shaft provides support for the jack-up production deck and fails sheet ice in the crushing mode. It is unlikely that a structure installed in the Beaufort Sea would be endangered by an ice island. However, the feasibility of avoiding an ice island by disconnecting the superstructure and the deck from the base was investigated. During disconnect the base-section would remain in place to protect the subsea wellheads which would be installed on the sea floor. In order to maintain stability during towing and disconnect procedures the deck must he removed from the main structure. A jacking system has been designed to accomplish the deck installation and removal. This paper will discuss in some detail the following features of the Arctic Production Monocone:Environmental design criteria,Structural design,Foundation design,Cone/base connection mechanisms,Deck jack-up systems,Construction and installation. The platform described in this paper incorporates many novel features which make it especially suitable for ice covered seas. The studies that have been carried out to date show that the concept is technically and economically feasible and should thus be of interest to other operators in the offshore Arctic regions. INTRODUCTION Several kinds of structures have been proposed for use in the Beaufort Sea, including artificial islands, caissons, ice islands, monocones and floating vessels. Most of these have been intended as drilling platforms and, with the exception of the floating vessels, they have been designed for relatively shallow water. Two of these concepts, artificial islands and floating vessels, are presently used in the Beaufort Sea as exploration drilling platforms. Artificial islands have been used since 1974 by Imperial Oil Limited, and moored drill ships have been used by Dome Petroleum Limited since 1976. Exploration to date has shown that a number of promising geological formations lie in the 150-250 foot water depth range. This paper describes a bottom founded platform that is capable of year-round operation in the Beaufort Sea in water depths ranging from 150 to 250 feet. The region for which this structure was developed is shown in Figure 1.
Structure‐function relationships in smooth muscle: The missing links (1995)

Smooth muscle cells have developed a contractile machinery that allows them to exert tension on the surrounding extracellular matrix over their entire length. This has been achieved by coupling obliquely organized contractile filaments to a more-or-less longitudinal framework of cytoskeletal elements. Earlier structural data suggested that the cytoskeleton was composed primarily of intermediate filaments and played only a passive role. More recent findings highlight the segregation of actin isotypes and of actin-associated proteins between the contractile and cytoskeletal domains and raise the possibility that the cytoskeleton performs a more active function. Current efforts focus on defining the relative contributions of myosin cross-bridge cycling and actin-associated protein interactions to the maintenance of tension in smooth muscle tissue.
GraphS: A Graph Processing Accelerator Leveraging SOT-MRAM (2019)

In this work, we present GraphS architecture, which transforms current Spin Orbit Torque Magnetic Random Access Memory (SOT-MRAM) to massively parallel computational units capable of accelerating graph processing applications. GraphS can be leveraged to greatly reduce energy consumption dealing with underlying adjacency matrix computations, eliminating unnecessary off-chip accesses and providing ultra-high internal bandwidth. The device-to-architecture co-simulation for three social network data-sets indicate roughly 3.6× higher energy-efficiency and 5.3× speed-up over recent ReRAM crossbar. It achieves ~4× higher energy-efficiency and 5.1× speed-up over recent processing-in-DRAM acceleration methods.
Identification of Candidate Genes Regulating HDL Cholesterol Using a Chromosomal Region Expression Array (2002)

To identify candidate genes encoding QTLs in baboons, we have developed a novel strategy that integrates comparative mapping, bioinformatics, and expression arrays. A genome-wide scan, performed previously on pedigreed baboons to localize QTLs for phenotypes that are known risk factors for atherosclerosis, revealed a QTL on chromosome 18q that influences high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) phenotypes. After ruling out the only two biologically relevant positional candidate genes in this chromosomal region, we combined information from baboon pedigrees and HDL-C phenotypes with a baboon microsatellite marker map, human microsatellite marker maps, and human genome maps to develop a chromosomal region expression array (CREA). The CREA was screened with heterologous liver cDNA from sib-pairs of contrasting HDL-C phenotypes on two different diets, and genes were prioritized for further study by expression profiles. Analysis of gene expression in this restricted chromosomal region, combined with HDL-C phenotypic information, yielded a list of candidate genes for the QTL regulating HDL-C in baboons. Our data demonstrate the power of this strategy for identifying candidate genes encoding QTLs for multigenic traits. This strategy is applicable to many species that serve as models for human diseases and can even be used with human subjects.
Magnetic-heading reference device (1974)

Inexpensive and reliable device is used in conjunction with fluidic-electronic wing-leveler system. Single magnetometer is placed so pilot can make adjustments in aircraft heading simply by rotating magnetometer itself.