gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Fabrication of Wafer-Size Colloidal Crystals, Macroporous Polymers and Nanocomposites by Spin-Coating (2004)

This paper reports a simple spin-coating technique for rapidly fabricating three types of technologically important materials--colloidal crystal, macroporous polymer, and polymeric nanocomposite, each with high crystalline qualities and wafer-scale sizes. Dispersion of monodisperse silica colloids in triacrylate monomers is spin-coated onto a variety of substrates. Shear-induced ordering and subsequent polymerization lead to the formation of three-dimensionally (3D) ordered colloidal crystals trapped inside a polymer matrix. The thickness of as-synthesized colloidal crystal-polymer nanocomposite is highly uniform and can be controlled simply by changing the spin speed and time. Selective removal of the polymer matrix and silica spheres lead to the formation of large-area colloidal crystals and macroporous polymers, respectively. The wafer-scale process is compatible with standard semiconductor microfabrication, as multiple micrometer-sized patterns can be created simultaneously for potential device applications. Normal-incidence transmission spectra in the visible and near-infrared regions show distinct peaks due to Bragg diffraction from 3D ordered structures. The spin-coating process opens a new route to the fundamental studies of shear-induced crystallization, melting and relaxation.
The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia (1997)

The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is reviewed in the context of recent advances in dopamine research. These include the following: the discovery that there are several subtypes of dopamine receptor, the recognition that the activity of dopamine neurons is controlled by negative feedback systems; insights into the functions of different subsystems of dopamine neurons; the discovery that different subsystems of dopamine neurons interact with one another; and a growing understanding of the functions and mode of operation of the forebrain regions that the dopamine projections innervate. The paper reviews some of the complexities that the dopamine hypothesis has encountered, and continues to encounter, with a particular focus on three issues: the adequacy of our understanding of neuroleptic drug action, the heterogeneity of schizophrenic symptoms and the paucity of direct evidence to support the hypothesis. It is concluded that schizophrenia does not reflect primary abnormalities of dopamine transmission, but probably does reflect abnormalities in systems that have an intimate interaction with the dopamine system. The primary substrates for schizophrenia will probably be found within the major targets of the ascending dopamine projections: the fronto-striato-pallido-thalamic loops, and the limbic structures, such as amygdala and hippocampus, with which the fronto-striatal system interacts.
Capacidades estratégicas y desempeño en empresas de mujeres en México (2010)

El sector emprendedor femenino, ha llamado la atencion debido a que el numero de mujeres que poseen su propia empresa ha ido en aumento en los ultimos anos y se ha convertido en una pieza fundamental del crecimiento y desarrollo de los paises (Allen, Langowitz y Minniti 2007). En Mexico, la poblacion enfrenta una situacion economica dificil con la necesidad de muchas mujeres de incorporase a una actividad economica que proporcione ingresos para sus familias. Esto favorece los emprendimientos; sin embargo, observamos tristemente una alta tasa de mortalidad de las empresas de mujeres en el mismo pais. El modelo que se propone en esta tesis se enmarca dentro de la teoria de los recursos y capacidades. En concreto se propone estudiar como la orientacion emprendedora, orientacion al mercado y orientacion al aprendizaje, asi como su interaccion, influyen en la obtencion de una ventaja competitiva y un desempeno superior en empresas de mujeres. El Universo de estudio incluye a todas las empresas puestas en marcha y dirigidas por mujeres en Mexico, utilizando como instrumento de medicion un cuestionario. Los resultados son positivos para todas las relaciones del modelo, a excepcion de la propuesta en el caso de la orientacion al aprendizaje como mediadora de la relacion entre la orientacion al mercado y el desempeno. Sugieren que la orientacion emprendedora hace mas fuerte el efecto de dos capacidades, orientacion al mercado y al aprendizaje sobre el desempeno empresarial. Se reafirma que la orientacion emprendedora puede llevar a una organizacion a diferenciarse de sus competidores. Se encontro que los negocios de las mujeres generan una estructura mas flexible, facilitando la veraz y rapida transferencia del conocimiento del cliente a traves de la empresa, asi como la implementacion de la estrategia. Los resultados ademas muestran que las mujeres al frente de una empresa favorecen la diseminacion y creacion del conocimiento a traves de la organizacion desarrollando el aprendizaje.
Impairment of Excitatory Amino Acid Transport in Astroglial Cells Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1998)

Perturbation of astrocyte functions by HIV-1 infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of AIDS dementia complex (ADC). The present study investigated the possibility that astroglial transport of glutamate and aspartate, the major excitatory amino acids (EAAs) in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), is altered by HIV-1 infection. Human U251 glioma cells were infected with the brain isolate SF162 of HIV-1. HIV-1 persisted in glial cells over several months. This nonproductive infection of glial cells was characterized by persistent expression of Nef over the time of the infection, and the transient presence of structural viral proteins, including the viral transmembrane glycoprotein gp41, which was detected during the initial 2 weeks following HIV-1 infection. The presence of gp41 in acutely HIV-1-infected glial cells coincided with a 36% decrease in D-[3H]aspartate uptake, owing to a reduction in the maximal transport capacity (vmax) for D-aspartate. The expression of typical astrocytic glutamate transporters EAAT1 and EAAT2 in U251 glioma cells was not altered by HIV-1 infection. To determine whether viral protein gp120, gp41, or Nef was involved in the impairment of EAA transport in acutely HIV-1-infected glial cells, effects of lentiviral lytic peptide type 1 (LLP-1) (corresponding to the carboxy terminus of gp41), recombinant SF2 gp120, and recombinant LAI Nef on D-[3H]aspartate uptake and the release of glutamate in glial cells were investigated. Only LLP-1 reduced D-[3H]aspartate uptake and facilitated the release of glutamate from glial cells in a concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that the carboxy terminus of gp41 impairs EAA transport in glial cells, which may contribute to excitotoxic damage to neurons in HIV-1 infection of the CNS.
Reactive Sulfur Species Act as Prooxidants in Liposomal and Skeletal Muscle Model Systems (2010)

Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are redox-active sulfur compounds formed under conditions of oxidative stress that may be capable of initiating oxidation reactions. The objective of this research was to determine if two RSS, sulfite radicals and disulfide S-oxides (DSSO), induce oxidation in n-3 liposomes and muscle homogenates. Sulfite radicals and DSSO caused an increase in secondary oxidation products compared to the unoxidized control within 5 min of addition to liposomes. In muscle homogenates, DSSO caused immediate oxidation of sulfhydryls, whereas sulfite radicals caused a slow and linear oxidation of sulfhydryls and lipid. These results suggest that if conditions exist in muscle foods that promote the formation of RSS, they could be a factor in the course of lipid oxidation by either weakening antioxidant defenses or directly oxidizing lipid molecules.
Simulating viscous incompressible fluids with embedded boundary finite difference methods (2010)

The behaviour of liquids and gases ranks among the most familiar and yet complex physical phenomena commonly encountered in daily life. To create a seamless approximation of the real world, it is clear that we must be able to accurately simulate fluids. However, a crucial element of what makes fluid behaviour so complex and compelling is its interactions with its surroundings. To simulate the motion of a fluid we cannot consider the Navier-Stokes equations in isolation; we must also examine the boundary conditions at the point where the fluid meets the world. Enforcing these boundary conditions has traditionally been a source of tremendous difficulty. Cartesian grid-based methods typically approximate the world in an unrealistic, axis-aligned block representation, while conforming mesh methods frequently suffer from poor mesh quality and expensive mesh generation. This thesis examines the use of embedded boundary finite difference methods to alleviate these shortcomings by providing a degree of sub-grid information that enables more efficient, flexible, accurate, and realistic simulations. The first key contribution of the thesis is the use of a variational approach to derive novel embedded boundary finite difference methods for fluids, by exploiting the concept of natural boundary conditions. This idea is applied first to animate the interaction between incompressible fluids and irregularly shaped dynamic rigid bodies. I then apply a similar technique to properly handle viscous free surfaces, enabling realistic buckling and coiling in viscous flows. Lastly, I unify these ideas to simulate Stokes flows in the presence of both free surface and solid boundaries, and demonstrate the method's convergence on a range of examples. The second main contribution is a study of embedded boundary methods for pressure projection in the context of unstructured Delaunay and Voronoi meshes. By eliminating the need for boundary-conforming meshes, this work enables efficient high-quality adaptive mesh generation and improves simulation accuracy. Furthermore, it demonstrates that by placing simulation samples at Voronoi sites, and choosing these sites intelligently with respect to liquid geometry, one can eliminate surface noise, improve the realism and stability of surface tension, and plausibly simulate nearly arbitrarily thin sheets and droplets.
Asynchronous antigen expression in B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1988)

Cell surface phenotypes of 113 B lineage acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cases, defined by the presence of HLA-DR and at least one B-cell- specific antigen (either CD19, CD20, or CD22), were compared with antigen-defined stages of normal B lymphocyte development. The cases were first evaluated for expression of HLA-DR, CD19, CD34, CD10, CD20, and CD22 by indirect one-color immunofluorescence. Pairwise comparisons of cell surface marker expression were performed for each leukemic sample: no correlations were observed for paired antigen expression on the leukemic samples using antigens expressed either early or late during normal B lymphoid development. Complete immunophenotypes of the cases were then compared with normal B-cell developmental stages. Sixteen different complete immunophenotypes were observed on the leukemias that were not found in normal marrow; at least 78% of the cases demonstrated such “asynchronous” combinations of B lymphoid- associated differentiation antigens. Several samples were subsequently studied by two-color immunofluorescence, and the presence of doubly labeled cells with “asynchronous” antigen combinations was confirmed. These results indicate that the majority of B lineage leukemias exhibit “developmental asynchrony,” as compared with normal marrow B cells. The data further suggest that ALL cases do not accurately represent cells arrested at the stage where the leukemogenic event occurred. Rather, ALL appears to be a disease in which there may be maturation of leukemic blasts; but this maturation is “asynchronous” when compared with the normal developmental process.
Present Trends in Line-Current Harmonic Reduction in Single-Phase Thyristor Converters (1979)

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique can be applied for reduction or elimination of any M-line current harmonic components in ac/ac and ac/dc converters. PWM technique shifts the line-side harmonic spectrum to higher frequencies. Hance, filter size and cost are considerably reduced. The existing methods are compared with the proposed PWM technique. A new power circuit suitable for PWM technique is presented. The proposed schemes are experimentally verified and the results are discussed.
Preparation of Smooth Single-Crystal Mn3O4 Nanowires (2002)

A simple synthesis of Mn3O4 nanowires is presented. After thoroughly grinding the precursors together, simply heating the product to 850 °C in the presence of NaCl and the surfactant NP-9 produces single-crystal nanowires 40–80 nm in diameter and up to 150 μm in length (see Figure for a TEM image). From the morphology of the nanowires, Ostwald ripening is concluded to be the main formation mechanism.
Taste Detection and Preferences in Diabetics and their Relatives (1979)

In order to determine whether a generalized defect in glucose recognition exists in diabetes, taste detection and preference were measured in adult onset diabetics (AOD), juvenile onset diabetics (JOD), and healthy first-degree relatives of diabetics (NR). Controls (C) were age and sex matched nondiabetics without first-degree diabetic relatives. The AOD and NR gorups showed significantly higher glucose thresholds than their controls. In contrast, glucose threshold in JOD was not different from C. The AOD group also demonstrated a higher sucrose threshold than C. This difference was not present for JOD or NR groups. No difference in salt detection was seen in any of the groups. Taste preference was assessed by two choice situations and ratings of test solutions of varying concentrations. No significant difference in glucose or sucrose preference were noted, but both the AOD and NR groups preferred lower salt concentrations than C. These findings indicate that thery may be a widespread impariment of cellular glucose recognition in AOD and their relatives, while JOD have a specific beta cell defect.
Enhanced discontinuous reception mechanism for power saving in TD-LTE (2010)

The battery volume of mobile terminals is limited and in most case it cannot rely on the supplying of external power. Therefore, discontinuous reception mechanism (DRX), a kind of power saving mechanism in mobile communication is introduced in order to reduce the power consumption of battery. In this paper, we discuss and show DRX parameters and features in TD-LTE. By establishing TD-LTE DRX model to the enhance DRX mechanism. Based on the analytical model, we investigate the DRX parameters and improve the power saving performance. The proper choice of these parameters (short DRX timer, long DRX timer, inactivity timer and On duration timer) allows for reducing power consumption in time and keeping the best User Experience.
Fault location using traveling wave for power networks (2004)

Fault location using traveling wave has been applied in extra-high voltage power grids successfully. Due to its complication and high cost, it is not easy for this technique to be accepted for use in distribution system. A new traveling wave fault location system is developed simply in a cost-effective way for power networks (especially for distribution system) in this paper. Two traveling wave sensors are developed to capture the current traveling wave flowing from the capacitive equipment to earth and the voltage traveling waves in all three phases. The outputs of the sensors are then applied to the trigger and time tagging by using Global Position System (GPS) receiver. The fault position is calculated by the traveling wave arrival times in every power station where only one fault locator is installed. The fault location system is tested in the power system. Testing results show that the fault locator has high precision and robustness.
[Therapeutic treatment with neuroleptics. II: Subjective mechanisms of effect, compliance and consequences for treatment strategy]. (1991)

The problems of subjective acceptance and reaction by the patients to the effects produced by neuroleptics, have been receiving far more less attention so far than the "objective" aspects, and have not yet been empirically tested to the same extent. However, papers have been published recently in connection with this complex within the framework of researches into concept of disease and into compliance. These papers supply proof of the tremendous significance of the patient's attitude to, and assessment of, pharmacotherapeutic measures. The following aspects are pointed out to be particularly important: The attitude and relation of the patient to his psychosis; the style of coping in the sense of integration or disintegration of the psychosis into the process of life; the dysphoric reactions to neuroleptics; and the disease pattern or disease model. Practical model examples are given to illustrate three possibilities of a more intensive connection between neuroleptic therapy and other therapeutic measures.
Acúmulo de antocianinas e características físicas e químicas de frutos de laranjas sanguíneas durante o armazenamento a frio (2008)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o conteúdo de antocianinas no suco e as características físicas e químicas dos frutos de oito variedades de laranjas sanguíneas e de laranja Valência, e, também, verificar os efeitos do armazenamento dos frutos a 10ºC, durante um período de até 60 dias, nos parâmetros avaliados. Os teores de antocianina foram determinados utilizando-se de um método espectrofotométrico, assim como dez características físicas e químicas dos frutos e dos sucos foram avaliadas antes e durante o armazenamento. Todas as variedades de laranja avaliadas apresentaram naturalmente baixos teores ou nenhum teor de antocianina no suco. O armazenamento durante um período de até 60 dias, em baixa temperatura, possibilitou acúmulo significativo de antocianina no suco, porém de maneira desigual nas variedades de laranjas sanguíneas testadas. As variedades Moro foram as que apresentaram suco contendo os maiores teores de antocianina no final do armazenamento. À exceção de duas variedades, Sanguinelli (Marrocos e Polidari), as demais variedades sanguíneas avaliadas podem ser consideradas como semelhantes entre si e adequadas ao consumo. O armazenamento dos frutos a 10ºC, durante o período máximo de 60 dias, alterou significativamente somente as variáveis: largura de frutos, teor de SS, acidez e o rendimento de suco.
A study of characteristics of disk vibration and rotating airflow in magneto optical disk drives (1998)

A study on the dynamic characteristics of rotating disks in magneto optical disk drives is presented. The natural frequencies of the rotating disks are investigated experimentally and numerically. The frequency response and critical speeds of the advanced storage magneto optical (ASMO) disk are discussed. The characteristics of airflow around the disk and their effects on the disk vibrations are also investigated. It is found that the numerical calculation of the natural frequencies of the rotating disks agrees well with the experimental results. The airflow around the disk in the cartridge affects the characteristics of the disk vibrations to reduce the modal frequencies of the disk. The experiment shows that negative vertical offsets of the disk in the cartridge possibly increase the vibration amplitudes. Being influenced by the geometry of the cartridge, the rotation of the disk causes an asymmetric airflow in the presence of a window.
Artificial Neural Network Method for Length-Based Vehicle Classification Using Single-Loop Outputs (2006)

Classified vehicle volumes are important inputs for traffic operation, pavement design, and transportation planning. However, such data are not available from single-loop detectors, the most widely deployed type of traffic sensor in the existing roadway infrastructure. Several attempts have been made to extract classified vehicle volume data from single-loop measurements in recent years. These studies used estimated speed for length calculation and classified vehicles into bins based on the calculated vehicle lengths. However, because of the stochastic features of traffic flow, deterministic mathematical equations based on certain assumptions for speed calculation typically do not work well for all situations and may result in significant speed estimation errors under certain traffic conditions. Such errors accumulate when estimated speeds are used in vehicle-length calculations and degrade the accuracy of vehicle classification. To solve this problem, an artificial neural network method was developed to estimate classified vehicle volume data directly from single-loop measurements. The proposed neural network is three-layered with a back-propagation structure. This method was tested with data collected from several loop stations on I-5 over a long duration. The proposed artificial neural network model produced reliable estimates of volumes of classified vehicles under various traffic conditions.
Obtaining Obstacle Information by an Omnidirectional Stereo Vision System (2006)

This study describes a method to obtain obstacle information omnidirectionally by a novel omnidirectional stereo vision system. Such information is important for mobile robots navigation. The omnidirectional stereo vision system is based on a common perspective camera coupled with two hyperbolic mirrors. Given two images of a space point acquired by this vision system, the 3D coordinates of the point can be calculated by means of triangulation. Then the study presents a full model of calibrating this vision system, which can be easily generalized to all kinds of catadioptic sensors. The images captured by the stereo vision system are unwrapped into panoramic images, which are then examined for stereo matching along vertical epipolar lines. An algorithm of the quick stereo edge matching method based on Canny edge detection is proposed. In the end we show the result of obstacle detection.
Mechanisms of virus removal during transport in unsaturated porous media (2001)

Previous studies suggest that sorption of colloidal particles onto the air‐water interface is an important mechanism for enhanced retention and retardation during transport in unsaturated systems. In this study, bacteriophages øX174 and MS‐2 and Br − tracer were introduced into sand columns of various water contents as a step function under constant flow rates. The results showed that when a “reactive” (water washed) sand was used, the retention of both Φ;X174 and MS‐2 increased significantly at low water saturation levels. However, when an “inert” (metals and metal oxides removed) sand was used, the effect of water content was minimal, although observable. These results suggest that in the presence of reactive solid surfaces, increased reactions at the solid‐water interface rather than at the air‐water interface dominates in virus removal and transport under unsaturated conditions. A model that incorporated reactions at both the solid‐water and air‐water interfaces was developed and successfully applied to the data.