gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Method for deriving the correlation between free fall and shock machine drop height (1993)

Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the correlation between shock machine drop height and free‐fall drop height based on equivalent transmitted shock velocity change. The transmitted shock velocity change of shock machine impacts (using plastic 2 ms half‐sine programmers) was measured with a waveform analyser, which is a part of the shock machine system. The transmitted shock velocity change of free‐fall drops was measured using the same waveform analyser in conjunction with a trigger device developed specifically for this study. The data were then analysed and a correlation between free‐fall drop height and shock machine drop height was derived, for a specific product/package system. For the shock machine and product/package used, the shock machine drop height was found to be equal to 1.31 + (0.74 × shock machine height). This equation will vary due to the dynamics of different product/package systems, different drop surfaces and the type of shock machine used.
Biopsychosocial Mechanisms of Chronic Itch in Patients with Skin Diseases: a Review (2008)

Itch is a major feature of many skin diseases, which adversely affects patient's quality of life. Besides disease severity, psychophysiological factors have been proposed to influence the itch sensation. In this review the evidence for a biopsychosocial model of itch is described, focusing in particular on evidence for the effects of personality characteristics, external stressors, cognitive, behavioural and social factors, and the possible mediating role of physiological processes. Research so far indicates that stressors may have a role in the itch sensation of patients with skin diseases. Furthermore, cognitive factors, such as helplessness and worrying, and the behavioural response of scratching have been indicated as possible worsening factors. Overall, findings are in favour of a biopsychosocial model for the itch sensation. However, there is a strong need for more, methodologically sound research in order fully to understand the processes underlying the itch sensation.
Viscoelastic characteristics of shape memory polymers (2010)

Abstract Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can keep a temporary state and subsequently recover to the original shape through a prescribed thermomechanical process. Although different theoretical models have been presented, the viscous effects were seldom considered. This article aims to provide an insight into the viscoelastic property of SMPs and its effect on the functional realization. Systematic thermomechanical experiments were performed. Special considerations were focused on the viscoelastic response of SMPs in the vicinity of the glass transition temperature T g . The relations between shape switching transition temperature T tran and T g were also discussed. The results confirm that T tran departs from T g due to the viscoelastic effect and does not keep a constant value during heating and cooling processes. The viscoelastic effect reaches to maximum value at T g , then decreases slowly at cooling and quickly at heating. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Comprehensive Characterization of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Catalytic Domain by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry (2015)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that is essential in regulating energy metabolism in all eukaryotic cells. It is a heterotrimeric protein complex composed of a catalytic subunit (α) and two regulatory subunits (β and γ). C-terminal truncation of AMPKα at residue 312 yielded a protein that is active upon phosphorylation of Thr172 in the absence of β and γ subunits, which is refered to as the AMPK catalytic domain and commonly used to substitute for the AMPK heterotrimeric complex in in vitro kinase assays. However, a comprehensive characterization of the AMPK catalytic domain is lacking. Herein, we expressed a His-tagged human AMPK catalytic domin (denoted as AMPKΔ) in E. coli, comprehensively characterized AMPKΔ in its basal state and after in vitro phosphorylation using top-down mass spectrometry (MS), and assessed how phosphorylation of AMPKΔ affects its activity. Unexpectedly, we found that bacterially-expressed AMPKΔ was basally phosphorylated and localized the phosphorylation site to the His-tag. We found that AMPKΔ had noticeable basal activity and was capable of phosphorylating itself and its substrates without activating phosphorylation at Thr172. Moreover, our data suggested that Thr172 is the only site phosphorylated by its upstream kinase, liver kinase B1, and that this phosphorylation dramatically increases the kinase activity of AMPKΔ. Importantly, we demonstrated that top-down MS in conjunction with in vitro phosphorylation assay is a powerful approach for monitoring phosphorylation reaction and determining sequential order of phosphorylation events in kinase-substrate systems.
BoxCars: 3D Boxes as CNN Input for Improved Fine-Grained Vehicle Recognition (2016)

We are dealing with the problem of fine-grained vehicle make&model recognition and verification. Our contribution is showing that extracting additional data from the video stream - besides the vehicle image itself - and feeding it into the deep convolutional neural network boosts the recognition performance considerably. This additional information includes: 3D vehicle bounding box used for "unpacking" the vehicle image, its rasterized low-resolution shape, and information about the 3D vehicle orientation. Experiments show that adding such information decreases classification error by 26% (the accuracy is improved from 0.772 to 0.832) and boosts verification average precision by 208% (0.378 to 0.785) compared to baseline pure CNN without any input modifications. Also, the pure baseline CNN outperforms the recent state of the art solution by 0.081. We provide an annotated set "BoxCars" of surveillance vehicle images augmented by various automatically extracted auxiliary information. Our approach and the dataset can considerably improve the performance of traffic surveillance systems.
Applying the peephole metaphor in a mixed-reality room (2006)

It is possible to one day create non-multiplexed room-sized displays using, for example, e-ink to create wallpapers and floor tiling. The environment could thereby simultaneously display visual elements on all of its surfaces. Thoughtlessly used, however, such an environment could easily become confusing and annoying by visually polluting otherwise calm surroundings. To prevent this visual pollution, we propose restricting visual display to small peepholes into the omnipresent and spatially continuous virtual layer. We discuss this approach and how we implemented the peephole metaphor using current steerable projector technology to create a room-sized MR environment. The peephole metaphor offers an interaction model for ubiquitous computing, organizing an environment's input and output facilities, such as sensors and displays. Within this environment, we developed several simple applications to demonstrate the peephole metaphor's viability.
Thermal Spray Coatings (1994)

Abstract This article introduces thermal spray coatings and describes the various types of coating processes and coating devices, including the flame spray, electric-arc spray, plasma spray, transferred plasma arc, high-velocity oxyfuel, and detonation gun. It provides information on the surface preparation methods and finishing treatments of coated parts. The article also explains the tests to evaluate the coating quality and the effects of coating structures and mechanical properties on coated parts. It concludes with a discussion on the uses of thermal spray coatings.
NTDR INFOSEC: software security and the 80486 microprocessor (2002)

This paper discusses one of the first efforts of developing a software-based secure communication system that bases security on a combination of hardware and software design features. The paper starts with an overview of the security relevant features of the 80486 architecture and draws a contrast between the protected and real mode environments of the 80486 microprocessor. In particular, protected mode features including segments, descriptor tables, gates, privilege levels and task state segments are presented as a prelude to a more detailed discussion of each feature. The value of each of these features in the development of a trusted operating environment is explored. This groundwork in place, the paper describes the application of the 80486 features to the development of security software for the Mercury NTDR (Near Term Digital Radio). The detailed description of the software architecture closes with a discussion of the role of the 80486 features in software assurance.
Double-Blind Comparison of Bromocriptine and Placebo in Cocaine Withdrawal (1995)

Twenty-nine cocaine-dependent male veterans without other drug dependence completed a double-blind controlled, randomly-assigned study examining the efficacy of bromocriptine versus placebo in the management of cocaine abstinence symptomatology. Serum prolactin (PL) and growth hormone (GH) levels were obtained prior to and after the study was completed. Patients were seen daily and completed several self-report questionnaires, including the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a Cocaine Craving Report. The patients were also asked to rate a variety of cocaine withdrawal symptoms. Overall, there did not appear to be any advantage to receiving bromocriptine versus placebo during the first 3 weeks following cocaine use cessation with the possible exception of changes in activity and appetite level. The placebo group showed a statistically significant increase in activity level during the first week in treatment and a significant increase in appetite throughout the study. Patients in both groups showed significant improvement in the other areas assessed, with improvement appearing to progress according to length of treatment. Hyperprolactinemia or abnormal GH levels were not found in this patient sample as a group. Thirty-four of the original 63 patients dropped out of the study. Seventeen received bromocriptine, and 17 received placebo. There was no significant difference between drug groups in incidence of retaining patients in treatment. The high dropout rate may reflect the difficulty incurred in retaining cocaine-dependent patients in treatment.
A micro-fluid channel calorimeter using BiSb/Sb thin film thermopiles (2002)

Here, a new type of micro calorimeter is presented, characterized by a thermally insulated flow channel with two inlets and one outlet, an interdiffusion zone, and a detection zone with integrated thin film transducers based on thermopiles of the highly sensitive material combination of Bi/sub 0.87/Sb/sub 0.13/ and Sb. This micro fluid calorimeter can be integrated in flow injection arrangements. This way, the general principle of heat detection can be introduced in micro flow injection analysis and related applications. The micro fluid device is characterized by thermal relaxation measurements and by chemical testing.
Effect of Dietary Selenium on the Development of Fusarium-Induced Tibial Dyschondroplasia in Broiler Chickens (1988)

A trial was conducted to determine the effects of dietary level of selenium on the pathogenesis of Fusarium-induced tibial dyschondroplasia (FITD) in broiler chicks, and to assess the applicability of FITD as an animal model of Kashin-Beck disease of humans. Day-old female broilers were fed diets that were deficient in selenium (0.02 ppm Se), adequate in selenium (0.15 ppm Se), or generous in selenium (0.50 ppm Se). TDP-1, the toxic component of the fungus, was administered to 15 of 26 chicks in each dietary group starting at 1 week of age and continuing until the chicks were killed at 24-30 days of age. Plasma selenium levels and hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly lower in the selenium-deficient group than in other dietary groups; these parameters were not affected by treatment with TDP-1. The mortality rate of the TDP-1-treated selenium-generous group was significantly less than that in the other TDP-1-treated groups, but there were no differences in the incidence, severity, or character of the FITD lesions among the groups. Thus, the interaction of selenium and TDP-1 did not include an effect on FITD.
Parameterization of microwave assisted oil extraction and its transesterification to biodiesel (2010)

Currently, a majority of the world’s energy needs are met through use of fossil fuels, petroleum, coal and natural gas. The depletion of petroleum reserves, rising and extremely volatile crude oil prices, and environmental concerns have led to search for renewable and environmentally friendly fuels. The ultimate goal of this research was to develop, test and optimize a batch microwave system using traditional and alternate non-food feedstocks. Microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of oil from conventional feedstocks (soybeans and rice bran) and an alternative feedstock (Chinese tallow tree (CTT) seeds) was carried out. The study concluded that MAE of oil is a rapid, efficient and effective method of extracting oil from the feedstocks as compared to conventional extraction techniques. Maximum yields of 17.3%, 17.2% and 32.5%, representing ~ 95% of total recoverable oil, were obtained for soybean, rice bran and CTT seeds by microwave extraction in 20 mins. This compares extremely favorably to the hours of processing required by conventional methods. The enhanced extraction is due to the specific interaction of the microwave field with the solvent-feedstock matrix, where higher temperature and pressure gradients develop at the microscopic level, leading to enhanced mass transfer coefficients. Optimization of transesterification reaction parameters was carried out as the second objective of the research. Refined soybean and rice bran oil were used as biodiesel feedstocks. Two alcohols, methanol and ethanol, were tested in this study. Sodium hydroxide was the catalyst and the reactions were carried out in presence of microwaves. By use of microwaves, the reaction times were drastically reduced, and >95% conversions could be achieved for very small catalyst concentration (< 0.2%) which reflected in easier separation of byproducts from the biodiesel phase. The enhanced biodiesel production reaction rates occurred due to two main mechanisms: (1) molecular mixing of the polar alcohol molecules with the oil in the presence of the oscillating electric field component and (2) volumetric heating effect of microwaves, eliminating the time for transient conductive/ convective heat transfer in the mixture. Quality analysis of biodiesel according to ASTM standards was performed and the samples were found to meet the necessary specifications.
Modeling analysis of wireless power transmission system (2011)

This paper presents a wireless power transmission system with a new protocol and connection establishment based on Amplitude-Shift keying (ASK). A simplified equivalent circuit modeling for wireless power transmission system is established. Theoretical analysis shows that the transmission distance where output voltage reaches the maximum between transmitter and receiver under the resonant frequency of 6.85MHz is calculated. The simulation results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Methods to optimize the circuit design about the maximum transmission power are discussed. A protocol based on Amplitude-Shift keying has been introduced to realize the bidirectional communication of the system.
Alarm-initiated activities: an analysis of alarm handlingby operators using text-based alarm systems in supervisory control systems (1995)

Alarms constitute a significant aspect of the operator-system interface in human supervisory control tasks: they have the potential to display information that is of critical importance to overall system safety and integrity. This paper considers the trend toward the use of visual display terminals for the presentation of alarms, specifically in the use of scrolling text displays. It is suggested that this form of information display may not best serve all aspects of alarm handling. To illustrate why this is so, an analysis of human alarm handling activities is presented. The focus on text-based displays and annunciators allows the authors to concentrate on a number of problems associated with the alarm design using a specific medium. From this discussion, the alarm initiated activities model is developed. By considering the activities that people engage in when dealing with alarms, an insight is offered into the information requirements that can be used to inform the design of alarm systems.
Antioxidants for preventing pre-eclampsia (2008)

Evidence from this review does not support routine antioxidant supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia and other serious complications in pregnancy.
Calibration of electronic capacitance and dissipation factor bridges (2003)

A new calibration procedure for electronic capacitance and dissipation factor bridges is presented. These bridges measure the ratio of their input currents. For the calibration, two sinusoidal alternating currents are synthesized with the aid of a digital, programmable two-channel AC voltage source and two AC resistors. The complex ratio of these synthesized input currents is calculated from an AC voltage ratio determined by a sampling method, together with the impedance ratio of the AC resistors. At currents of a few mA, their complex ratio in the frequency range up to 100 Hz can be measured with uncertainties (k=2) of approximately 1/spl times/10/sup -6/ and 1 /spl mu/rad, respectively.
[Ecological and economic approaches to removing radioactively dangerous objects from service]. (2012)

The paper considers major ecological and economic problems when removing radiation dangerous objects from service and rehabilitating the areas, which require their solution: the absence of specific guidelines for ranking the contaminated lands exposed to radioactive and chemical pollution from the potential risk to the population and environment; no clear criteria for ceasing area rehabilitation works; radiation exposure levels for the population living in the areas after rehabilitation; allowable levels of residual specific activity, and levels of heavy metals in soil, surface and underground water and bed sediment. The cost such works is the most important and decisive problem. A decision-making algorithm consisting of three main blocks: organizational-technical, engineering, geological and medicoecological measures is proposed to solve managerial, economic, and scientific problems.
Mode of action of the biotin antimetabolites actithiazic acid and alpha-methyldethiobiotin (1982)

Actithiazic acid and alpha-methyldethiobiotin inhibited the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin resting-cell suspensions of Escherichia coli. The concentrations which effected 50% inhibition were 0.45 and 1.1 microM for actithiazic acid and alpha-methyldethiobiotin, respectively. Cells grown in low concentrations of the two biotin antimetabolites showed derepression of the biotin A operon, as evidenced by the enhanced levels of the enzymes 7,8-diaminopelargonic acid aminotransferase and dethiobiotin synthetase. Derepression was not due to any direct regulatory effect of the antibiotics but was the consequence of the inhibition of the biotin synthetase enzyme; this inhibition prevented the intracellular concentration of biotin from reaching the levels required for normal regulation of the biotin A operon.
Macrophages, lipid metabolism and gene expression in atherogenesis: a therapeutic target of the future? (2012)

AbsractCardiovascular disease results in more deaths globally than any other ailment. A major contributing factor to its pathology is atherosclerosis; an inflammatory disorder characterized by the development of fibrotic plaques within the arterial walls. Key to the progression of atherosclerosis are macrophages that contribute to plaque development by transforming into lipid-loaded foam cells upon internalization of modified lipoproteins. Accumulation of such foam cells in the arterial wall initiates the formation of fatty streaks that subsequently develop into advanced plaques that are prone to rupture. Clearly, macrophage lipid metabolism and foam cell biology represent a key avenue of research during the ongoing search for novel therapeutic targets that can be used in the clinical intervention of atherosclerosis. In this article, we aim to summarize the current status of research on macrophages, lipid metabolism and gene expression in relation to atherogenesis and both current and potential future therapies.
Practice and analysis of financial management of a Taizhou medical group (2015)

Taizhou Enze Medical Center (Group) made worthwhile attempts in the decentralized and centralized financial management, in an effort to build a centralized mode featuring department setup, information management, funding management, centralized accouting, and cost-performance settlement. Centralized financial management is a trend change in the management of large medical groups, but the changes in the financial management of its complexity and long-term, are associated with the group's overall reform needs, which need to be amended and improved constantly in practice.


Key words: 
Medical group; Financial management
Web-based Systems and Network Management (1999)

From the Publisher:
Web-based Systems and Network Management is a practical guide to managing networked systems by using web technology. Based on a three-day seminar developed by the author, the book demonstrates the use of Web technology, and shows how the various components of the Internet and intranets must be economically and securely managed. Web-based standardization is taking three main directions: Port 280, JavaAPI, and WBEM (Web-based enterprise management). These are discussed in depth and the opportunities and limitations of each are addressed. The book not only handles the basics but also gives guidance on their use to simplify systems and network management.
Preparation and Evaluation of Trialkoxytricarballylate, Trialkoxycitrate, Trialkoxyglycerylether, Jojoba Oil and Sucrose Polyester as Low Calories Replacements of Edible Fats and Oils (1984)

ABSTRACT Trialkoxytricarballylate, trialkoxycitrate, trialkoxyglycerylether, sucrose polyester and refined jojoba oil were prepared and evaluated as low calorie replacements of conventional edible fats and oils. Their viscosities and surface and interfacial tensions were generally typical of edible oils whereas their DSC behavior was highly structure dependent. Incorporation of trialkoxytricarballylate and jojoba oils into margarine and jojoba oil into mayonnaise indicated that functional food models may be prepared from any of the tested oils. Trialkoxytricarballylate, trialkoxycitrate and jojoba oils were resistant to enzyme hydrolysis in vitro , suggesting resistance to digestion in vivo . Preliminary caloric value experiments in rats with trialkoxytricarballylate and jojoba oil supported in vitro findings. However, anal leakage, depression, weakness and deaths were observed among animals at moderate to high dose levels of both oils.