gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of serum LH-RH and LH in rats by an inhibitor of norepinephrine synthesis (1977)

Monoamine synthesis inhibitors have been used extensively to unravel the role of neurotransmitters in the hypothalamic regulation of pituitary LH release (Coppola, Leonardi & Lippmann, 1966; Kordon & Glowinski, 1972; Kalra, P.S. & McCann, 1973). Inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by α-methyl-paratyrosine (Corrodi & Hansen, 1966) or dopamine-β-hydroxylase by sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Goldstein, Anagonste, Lauber & McKereghan, 1964) blocked the preovulatory discharge of LH and ovulation (Kalra & McCann, 1974). These pharmacological agents and a brain norepinephrine depletor, U-14,624 (1-phenyl-3-(2-thiazolyl)-2 thiourea (Johnson, Boukma & Kim, 1970), have been shown to suppress the release of pituitary LH induced by ovarian steroids (Kalra, Kalra, Krulich, Fawcett & McCann, 1972; Kalra, P.S. & McCann, 1973). These results were viewed as evidence for the involvement of a hypothalamic norepinephrine system in controlling LH release as suggested by Sawyer (1952). A single intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopamine to deplete norepinephrine and dopamine (Kostrzewa & Jacobowitz, 1974) reduced the LH-RH content of the hypothalamus (Kalra, 1975), but little other information is available to show that the depletion of brain catecholamines, and specifically norepinephrine, by these drugs results in modification of LH-RH secretion. In the present study the inhibition of pituitary LH release by the norepinephrine depletor, U-14,624, was investigated in ovariectomized rats.
American Motion Pictures in World Trade (1947)

T HE many important matters centering on the export and exhibition of American motion pictures throughout the world increasingly command the attention of individuals, of governments, and of the industry itself. There are, of course, reasons for this. The modern American motion picture, almost beyond any possible comparison with other items of export, combines considerations of economic, cultural, and political significance. The immense popularity of American pictures wherever they are shown, and the resulting importance of the artistic impact of films abroad; the persisting-and ominous-differences which continue to divide
G T-Mohr Start-up Reactivity Insertion Transient Analysis Using Simulink (2006)

As a part of a Department of Energy-Nuclear Engineering Research Initiative (NERI) Project, we at OSU are investigating SiC semiconductor detectors as neutron power monitors for Generation IV power reactors. As a part of this project, we are investigating the power monitoring requirements for a specific type of Generation IV reactor, namely the GT-MHR. To evaluate the power monitoring requirements for the GT-MHR that are most demanding for a SiC diode power monitor, we have developed a Simulink model to study the transient behavior of the GT-MHR. In this paper, we describe the application of the Simulink code to the analysis of a series of Start-up Reactivity Insertion Transients (SURITs). The SURIT is considered to be a limiting protectable accident in terms of establishing the dynamic range of a SiC power monitor because of the low count rate of the detector during the start-up and absence of the reactivity feedback mechanism at the beginning of transient. The SURIT is studied with the ultimate goal of identifying combinations of 1) reactor power scram setpoints and 2) cram initiation times (the time in which a scram must be initiated once the setpoint is exceeded) for which the GT-MHR core is protected inmore » the event of a continuous withdrawal of a control rod bank from the core from low powers. The SURIT is initiated by withdrawing a rod bank when the reactor is cold (300 K) and sub-critical at the BOEC (Beginning of Equilibrium Cycle) condition. Various initial power levels have been considered corresponding to various degrees of sub-criticality and various source strengths. An envelope of response is determined to establish which initial powers correspond to the worst case SURIT. (authors)« less
Patency of saphenous vein coronary artery bypass grafts from the vascular prosthesis of the ascending aorta. (2003)

The patency rate of vein grafts anastomosed from prosthetic grafts of the ascending aorta to the native coronary arteries was similar to that of conventional CABG using saphenous vein grafts.
Evaluation and Optimization of Bioretention Media for Treatment of Urban Storm Water Runoff (2005)

Bioretention is a relatively new urban storm water best management practice. The objective of this study is to provide insight on media characteristics that control bioretention water management behavior. Eighteen bioretention columns and six existing bioretention facilities were evaluated employing synthetic runoff. In columns, the runoff infiltration rate through different media mixtures ranged from 0.28 to 8.15cm∕min at a fixed 15 cm head. For pollutant removals, the results showed excellent removal for oil/grease (>96%). Total lead removal (from 66 to >98%) decreased when the total suspended solids level in the effluent increased (removed from 29 to >96%). The removal efficiency of total phosphorus ranged widely (4–99%), apparently due to preferential flow patterns, and both nitrate and ammonium were moderate to poorly removed, with removals ranging from 1 to 43% and from 2 to 49%, respectively. Two more on-site experiments were conducted during a rainfall event to compare with laboratory investigation. For bioretention design, two media design profiles are proposed; >96%TSS, >96%O∕G, >98%lead, >70%TP, >9%nitrate, and >20%ammonium removals are expected with these designs
Muscarinic receptor antagonists for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2014)

There are important questions concerning the use of LAMAs in the treatment of patients suffering from stable COPD that need conclusive answers.
Preparation of novel HIV-protease inhibitors (1998)

M. T. Reetz, C. Merk and G. Mehler, Chem. Commun., 1998, 2075 DOI: 10.1039/A805489D
The Effect of Smoking and Sex on the Association Between Long-term Alcohol Consumption and Metabolic Syndrome in a Middle-aged and Older Population (2020)

Smoking status and sex strongly affects the association between long-term alcohol consumption and MetS and its components by the amount of alcohol consumed.
Laser cutting, or surgery (1982)

Laser Cutting requires thermal coupling of laser energy to a material sufficient to raise the temperature above the boiling point. The cut depth, width and volume of material removed depends on the laser/material interaction parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Antibiotica aus Basidiomyceten. 20. Mitt. Synthese von Strobilurin A und Revision der Stereochemie der natürlichen Strobilurine. (1984)

Abstract Aus Zimtaldehyd (I) und der α‐Ketosäure (II) wird über das Salz (III) der Ester (IV) hergestellt, der in einer Wittig‐Reaktion mit (VI) in das 9E‐Strobilurin A (VII) übergeführt wird.
On the modeling of breath-by-breath oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of high-intensity exercises: simulated annealing vs. GRG<sub>2</sub> method (2005)

Modeling in the time domain, the non-steady-state O2 uptake on-kinetics of high-intensity exercises with empirical models is commonly performed with gradient-descent-based methods. However, these procedures may impair the confidence of the parameter estimation when the modeling functions are not continuously differentiable and when the estimation corresponds to an ill-posed problem. To cope with these problems, an implementation of simulated annealing (SA) methods was compared with the GRG2 algorithm (a gradient-descent method known for its robustness). Forty simulated Vo2 on-responses were generated to mimic the real time course for transitions from light- to high-intensity exercises, with a signal-to-noise ratio equal to 20 dB. They were modeled twice with a discontinuous double-exponential function using both estimation methods. GRG2 significantly biased two estimated kinetic parameters of the first exponential (the time delay td1 and the time constant tau1) and impaired the precision (i.e., standard deviation) of the baseline A0, td1, and tau1 compared with SA. SA significantly improved the precision of the three parameters of the second exponential (the asymptotic increment A2, the time delay td2, and the time constant tau2). Nevertheless, td2 was significantly biased by both procedures, and the large confidence intervals of the whole second component parameters limit their interpretation. To compare both algorithms on experimental data, 26 subjects each performed two transitions from 80 W to 80% maximal O2 uptake on a cycle ergometer and O2 uptake was measured breath by breath. More than 88% of the kinetic parameter estimations done with the SA algorithm produced the lowest residual sum of squares between the experimental data points and the model. Repeatability coefficients were better with GRG2 for A1 although better with SA for A2 and tau2. Our results demonstrate that the implementation of SA improves significantly the estimation of most of these kinetic parameters, but a large inaccuracy remains in estimating the parameter values of the second exponential.
Inhibition of <b> <i>MUC4</i> </b> Expression Suppresses Pancreatic Tumor Cell Growth and Metastasis (2004)

The MUC4 mucin is a high molecular weight membrane-bound glycoprotein. It is aberrantly expressed in pancreatic tumors and tumor cell lines with no detectable expression in the normal pancreas. A progressive increase of MUC4 expression has also been observed in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, suggesting its association with disease development. Here, we investigated the consequences of silencing MUC4 expression in an aggressive and highly metastatic pancreatic tumor cell line CD18/HPAF that expresses high levels of MUC4. The expression of MUC4 was down-regulated by the stable integration of a plasmid-construct expressing antisense-MUC4 RNA. A decrease in MUC4 expression, confirmed by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses, resulted in diminished growth and clonogenic ability of antisense-MUC4-transfected (EIAS19) cells compared with parental, empty vector (ZEO) and sense transfected (ES6) control cells. In addition, EIAS19 cells displayed a significant decrease in tumor growth and metastatic properties when transplanted orthotopically into the immunodeficient mice. In vitro biological assays for motility, adhesion, and aggregation demonstrated a 3-fold decrease in motility of EIAS19 cells compared with control cells, whereas these cells adhered more and showed an increase in cellular aggregation. Interestingly, MUC4 down-regulation also correlated with the reduced expression of its putative interacting partner, HER2/neu, in antisense-MUC4-transfected cells. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates, for the first time, a direct association of the MUC4 mucin with the metastatic pancreatic cancer phenotype and provides experimental evidence for a functional role of MUC4 in altered growth and behavioral properties of the tumor cell.
Forces That Supplement Visuomotor Learning: A “Sensory Crossover” Experiment (2016)

Previous studies on reaching movements have shown that people can adapt to either visuomotor (e.g., prism glasses) or mechanical distortions (e.g., force fields) through repetitive practice. Recent work has shown that adaptation to one type of distortion might have implications on learning the other type, suggesting that neural resources are common to both kinematic and kinetic adaptation. This study investigated whether training with a novel force field might benefit the learning of a visual distortion-specifically, when forces were designed to produce aftereffects that aligned with the ideal trajectory for a visual rotation. Participants training with these forces (Force Group) were tested on a visual rotation. After training with this novel field, we found that participants had surprisingly good performance in the visual rotation condition, comparable to a group that trained on the visual rotation directly. A third group tested the rate of learning with intermittent catch trials, where we zeroed the forces and switched to the visual rotation, and found a significantly faster learning rate than the group that trained directly on the visual rotation. Interestingly, these abilities continued to significantly improve one day later, whereas the direct training showed no such effect. All participants were able to generalize what they learned to unpracticed movement directions. We speculate that when forces are used in training, haptic feedback can have a substantial influence on learning a task that heavily relies on visual feedback. Such methods can impact any situation where one might add robotic forces to the training process.
BigSky-a tool for mapping numerically intensive computations onto reconfigurable hardware (2002)

In this paper we present a software tool for designing and implementing numerically intensive computations onto reconfigurable hardware. The design utilizes on-line arithmetic modules to achieve efficient performance on FPGA structures. This tool facilitates the design for a variety of signal processing tasks demanding low cost and high throughput.
The first self-assembled trimetallic lanthanide helicate: different coordination sites in symmetrical molecular architecturesElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: least-square planes, selected bond distances and bite angles and a figure showing the atomic numbering scheme for [Eu3(C63H65N13O2)3](CF3SO3)9(CH3CN)9(H2O)2. A scheme summarizing the multistep synthesis of L3 and tables collecting ESI-MS and 1H NMR data, and elemental analyses. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b201859d/ (2002)

A tris-tridentate segmental ligand has been designed for the self-assembly of homotrimetallic triple-stranded lanthanide helicates possessing different coordination sites along the threefold axis.
Scalability Concept for Predictable Closed-Loop Response of Adaptive Controllers (2014)

We introduce a new concept called scalability to adaptive control in this paper. In particular, we analyze how to scale learning rates of adaptive weight update laws of various adaptive control schemes with respect to given command profiles to achieve a predictable closed-loop response. An illustrative numerical example is provided to demonstrate the proposed concept, which emphasize that it can be an effective tool for validation and verification of adaptive controllers.
Angiotensinergic stimulation of vascular endothelium in mice causes hypotension, bradycardia, and attenuated angiotensin response (2006)

It is not clear whether endothelial cell (EC) activation by the hormone angiotensin II (Ang II) modulates contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the vasculature and whether impairment of this regulation in vivo contributes to hypertension. Delineation of the actions of Ang II through the type 1 receptor (AT1R) on ECs in the blood vessels has been a challenging problem because of the predominance of the AT1R functions in VSMCs that lie underneath the endothelium. We have obviated this limitation by generating transgenic (TG) mice engineered to target expression of the constitutively active N111G mutant AT1R only in ECs. In these TG mice, the enhanced angiotensinergic signal in ECs without infusion of Ang II resulted in hypotension and bradycardia. The pressor response to acute infusion of Ang II was significantly reduced. Increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and production of hypotensive mediators, nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate, cause these phenotypes. Hypotension and bradycardia observed in the TG mice could be rescued by treatment with an AT1R-selective antagonist. Our results imply that the Ang II action by means of EC-AT1R is antagonistic to vasoconstriction in general, and it may moderate the magnitude of functional response to Ang II in VSMCs. This control mechanism in vivo most likely is a determinant of altered hemodynamic regulation involved in endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive cardiovascular disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Derivatives of 2‐Cyclohexylideneperhydro‐4,7‐methanoindenes, a Novel Class of Nonsteroidal Androgen Receptor Ligand: Synthesis, X‐Ray Analysis, and Biological Activity. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gasification Coupled Chemical Looping Combustion of Coal: A Thermodynamic Process Design Study (2013)

A thermodynamic investigation of gasification coupled chemical looping combustion (CLC) of carbon (coal) is presented in this paper. Both steam and CO 2 are used for gasification within the temperature range of 500–1200°C. Chemical equilibrium model was considered for the gasifier and CLC fuel reactor. The trends in product compositions and energy requirements of the gasifier, fuel reactor, and air reactor were determined. Coal (carbon) gasification using 1.5 mol H 2 O and 1.5 mol CO 2 per mole carbon at 1 bar pressure and 650°C delivered maximum energy (−390.157 kJ) from the process. Such detailed thermodynamic studies can be useful to design chemical looping combustion processes using different fuels.
Ocular morphologic traits in the American Cocker Spaniel may confer primary angle closure glaucoma susceptibility (2022)

Acute primary angle closure glaucoma is a potentially blinding ophthalmic emergency requiring prompt treatment to lower the elevated intraocular pressure in humans and dogs. The PACG in most of canine breeds is epidemiologically similar to humans with older and female patients overrepresented with the condition. The American Cocker Spaniel (ACS) is among the most common breeds observed with PACG development in dogs. This study initially sought to identify genetic risk factors to explain the high prevalence of PACG in ACSs by using a case-control breed-matched genome-wide association study. However, the GWAS failed to identify candidate loci associated with PACG in this breed. This study then assessed intrinsic ocular morphologic traits that may relate to PACG susceptibility in this breed. Normal ACSs without glaucoma have a crowded anterior ocular segment and narrow iridocorneal angle and ciliary cleft, which is consistent with anatomical risk factors identified in humans. The ACSs showed unique features consisting of posterior bowing of iris and longer iridolenticular contact, which mirrors reverse pupillary block and pigment dispersion syndrome in humans. The ACS could hold potential to serve as an animal model of naturally occurring PACG in humans.
Patch testing of experimentally sensitized beagle dogs: development of a model for skin lesions of atopic dermatitis (2006)

In humans with atopic dermatitis (AD), the epicutaneous application of allergens (atopy patch tests or APT) to which the patients are sensitized often results in the development of inflammation resembling that of spontaneous skin lesions. Dogs are affected with a natural homologue of human AD, but information on the induction of positive patch testing reactions is limited. The objectives of this pilot study were to determine the nature and cellular dynamics of inflammation occurring after APT in dogs hypersensitive to house dust mite and flea allergens. Laboratory Beagles were sensitized experimentally to Dermatophagoides farinae house dust mites (two dogs), Ctenocephalides felis flea saliva (one dog) or both (two dogs). Two other dogs served as nonsensitized controls. Both allergens and saline were applied epicutaneously. Macroscopic evaluations and skin biopsies were performed at 4, 24, 48 and 96 h after starting allergenic challenge. Biopsies were evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for canine leucocyte antigens. Positive macroscopic reactions consisted of erythema, oedema and induration, and they occurred between 24 and 96 h after allergen application. Macroscopic and microscopic APT reactions developed only whenever serum IgE was present against tested allergens. Microscopically, positive APT was associated with epidermal hyperplasia, Langerhans' cell hyperplasia, and eosinophil and lymphocyte epidermotropism. Dermal inflammation was mixed and arranged in a superficial perivascular to interstitial pattern. Numerous IgE+-CD1+ dendritic cells and gamma-delta T-lymphocytes were observed. Macroscopically and microscopically, APT reactions in these experimentally sensitized animals resembled those seen in lesional biopsy specimens of dogs and humans with spontaneous AD. Therefore, APT in hypersensitive dogs provides a relevant experimental model to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of both canine and human AD skin lesions.
A high‐speed HMM VLSI module with block parallel processing (2004)

Abstract This paper considers the continuous distribution HMM and discusses speed improvement by parallel processing and VLSI design, aiming at the realization of a high‐speed speech recognition LSI. The continuous distribution HMM has high recognition performance. But a large amount of computation is required for the calculation of the output probability, and speed improvement is highly desirable. Regarding speed improvement of the output probability calculation, this paper proposes blockwise parallel processing and an architecture for performance. The minimum optimal bit width is investigated for recognition by fixed‐point operations. Based on the proposed architecture, VLSI design for an HMM is performed and the result is evaluated. It is shown that the proposed architecture has sufficient power to construct a recognition system that can respond in real time, requiring 3 ms for the recognition processing of 100 words. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 87(5): 12–23, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.10099
Stretchable Electronics: Epidermal Electronics with Advanced Capabilities in Near-Field Communication (Small 8/2015) (2015)

On page 906, U. Paik, J. A. Rogers, and co-workers present materials and device designs for a ‘skin-like’ class of electronic device with near-field communication (NFC) capabilities. The key unique features are ultrathin construction, ultralow modulus, and an ability to accommodate large strain deformation for seamless, conformal contact with and robust adhesion to the surface of the skin. The capabilities provide wireless interfaces to any standard, NFC-enabled smartphone, even when the device is under extreme deformation and after/during normal daily activities.
The Natural Stories Corpus (2017)

It is now a common practice to compare models of human language processing by predicting participant reactions (such as reading times) to corpora consisting of rich naturalistic linguistic materials. However, many of the corpora used in these studies are based on naturalistic text and thus do not contain many of the low-frequency syntactic constructions that are often required to distinguish processing theories. Here we describe a new corpus consisting of English texts edited to contain many low-frequency syntactic constructions while still sounding fluent to native speakers. The corpus is annotated with hand-corrected parse trees and includes self-paced reading time data. Here we give an overview of the content of the corpus and release the data.