gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The advanced low-emissions catalytic-combuster program. Phase 1: Description and status (1979)

An overview of the ongoing program is presented. Objectives, plan, schedule, pollution and performance goals, catalyst advantages, present problems, and the present status of identified combustor concepts are discussed. The possible increase in upper atmosphere oxides of nitrogen (NOx) levels due to aircraft number density increases was predicted to adversely decrease ozone concentration levels. A technique for achieving low NOx emission levels was experimentally demonstrated with a lean, premixing prevaporizing flame-tube combustor.
Mouse models of human genetic disease: Which mouse is more like a man? (1996)

There has always been great interest in animal models of human genetic disease, and mice provide the largest number of examples. A mutation in the homologous gene in mice does not always lead to the same phenotype as is found in man, however. Recent studies made it apparent that one mutation can have markedly different phenotypes when placed on different genetic backgrounds. This variation is due to different alleles at modifying loci in various inbred strains. Thus, if one wishes to obtain the optimal mouse model for a human disease, one needs to choose the correct genetic background as well as the correct mutation.
The impact of Web 2.0 services on informal education (2010)

Purpose of this paper is to recognize the role of Web services on learning process especially on non-formal learning. Web 2.0 presents the new concept of Web services that strongly promote the development of communication and interactivity between users. The technology is the same, but the way of use is different. New services such as services for social networks creation, wiki pages, tools for communication etc. are developed. From educational aspect, the necessity of permanent learning increasingly relies on non-formal methods of accepting new knowledge and skills. Informal learning is a type of non-formal learning where person learns from everyday situations and problems. It is based on communication, interchange of ideas, acceptance and development of new knowledge and skills. Web 2.0 services present nearly an ideal way for informal learning development. User becomes an active participant in knowledge creation, knowledge interchange with other users, development of new cognitions and transforming these cognitions into new forms. Paper will present some of the results of a survey carried out at Faculty of Economy and Business about students' inclination for social networking and Facebook, one of the most popular social networks, and their potential as non-formal learning tool.
Linear blasting for migration control in low permeability rock formations (1994)

Controlled blasting has been conducted to enhance groundwater recovery and inhibit contaminant migration at several sites underlain by low permeability bedrock formations. By designing the blasting program to minimize vibrations and interconnect existing rock fracture systems, it is possible to substantially increase the zone of capture of bedrock pumping wells to provide both effective source area remedial measures and accomplish groundwater migration control. Where implemented, the technology has been successful in providing a 1 to 2 order of magnitude increase in groundwater withdrawal rates and a proportionally increased zone of capture. The initial application of the technology by Haley and Aldrich was conducted at a Xerox Corporation facility in Webster, New York where individual pumping wells had been unsuccessful in controlling the rate of contaminant migration. The solvent contamination in the shallow bedrock at this site was distributed overall several hundred acres and ranged in concentration from low parts per billion to over 1,000 parts per million.
Effect of Graphene Coating on the Heat Transfer Performance of a Composite Anti-/Deicing Component (2017)

The thermal conductivity of a graphene coating for anti-/deicing is rarely studied. This paper presents an improved anti-/deicing efficiency method for composite material anti-/deicing by using the heat-transfer characteristic of a graphene coating. An anti-/deicing experiment was conducted using the centrifugal force generated by a helicopter rotor. Results showed that the graphene coating can accelerate the internal heat transfer of the composite material, thereby improving the anti-icing and deicing efficiency of the helicopter rotor. The spraying process parameters, such as coating thickness and spraying pressure, were also studied. Results showed that reducing coating thickness and increasing spraying pressure are beneficial in preparing a graphene coating with high thermal conductivity. This study provides an experimental reference for the application of a graphene coating in anti-/deicing.
Charcot-Leyden Crystals in Ophthalmology (1965)

Parasitologists and allergists have long been cognizant of small crystalline bodies which occur in the sputa of patients with bronchial asthma or in the dysenteric stools of those afflicted with various types of parasitic colitis. In asthma, the crystals may be absent immediately after collection of the specimen, but appear after the sputum has stood for a time.<sup>1</sup>In cases of enteritis due to amebiasis or helminthiasis, such crystalline bodies may appear in abundance in the feces. Charcot-Leyden crystals, first described by Charcot in 1854, have a characteristic appearance regardless of their anatomic source; they are long, colorless, pointed at either end, and hexagonal in cross section (Fig 1). They are invariably associated with eosinophilia, and, whereas they are most commonly present in bodily secretions, they may also be noted in tissue biopsies characterized by a heavy local accumulation of eosinophils, as will be pointed out in this report.
Fuzzy logic torque ripple reduction by turn-off angle compensation for switched reluctance motors (2001)

A fuzzy-logic-based turn-off angle compensator for torque ripple reduction in a switched reluctance motor is proposed. The turn-off angle, as a complex function of motor speed and current, is automatically changed for a wide motor speed range to reduce torque ripple. Experimental results are presented that show ripple reduction when the turn-off angle compensator is used.
Glucocorticoid receptor interacts with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner to recruit UPF1 for rapid mRNA degradation (2015)

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which was originally known to function as a nuclear receptor, plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by acting as an RNA-binding protein. The mechanism by which this process occurs remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that GR, preloaded onto the 5'UTR of a target mRNA, recruits UPF1 through proline-rich nuclear receptor coregulatory protein 2 (PNRC2) in a ligand-dependent manner, so as to elicit rapid mRNA degradation. We call this process GR-mediated mRNA decay (GMD). Although GMD, nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), and staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD) share upstream frameshift 1 (UPF1) and PNRC2, we find that GMD is mechanistically distinct from NMD and SMD. We also identify de novo cellular GMD substrates using microarray analysis. Intriguingly, GMD functions in the chemotaxis of human monocytes by targeting chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) mRNA. Thus, our data provide molecular evidence of a posttranscriptional role of the well-studied nuclear hormone receptor, GR, which is traditionally considered a transcription factor.
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF PRESUMED CHOROIDAL TUBERCULOSIS (2011)

Purpose: To present the clinical findings and to evaluate the therapeutic response to systemic antituberculosis (anti-TB) therapy in 18 cases of presumed choroidal TB. Methods: Retrospective noncomparative interventional case series. Eighteen patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination and relevant laboratory and radiologic investigations. All patients were treated with systemic anti-TB therapy accordingly. Results: In 18 cases of choroidal TB, there were 8 men and 10 women ranging in age from 8 years to 52 years. Ten patients also had evidence of pulmonary TB and among of them, two patients had coexistent central nervous system TB, one patient had lymphoid TB, and one patient had abdominal TB. Those cases had varied clinical presentations including tubercle, tuberculoma, multifocal choroiditis, serpiginouslike choroiditis, and/or diffuse choroiditis. Two cases (11.1%) had bilateral presentation. All patients were referred to a TB specialist to initiate a full standard course of anti-TB therapy according to the guideline of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Aside from one case, which worsened to panophthalmitis, the others responded to anti-TB therapy very well. None of the patients had human immunodeficiency virus and none was immunocompromised. Conclusion: Choroidal TB may present as variable clinical manifestations and occasionally be misdiagnosed as intraocular tumor or metastatic tumor. In our case series, the prognosis of this disease was well by giving systemic anti-TB therapy. So all ophthalmologists especially in developing countries should have a high degree of clinical suspicion to maximally maintain visual acuity.
Management of mild traumatic brain injury in the emergency department. (2012)

With almost 2.9 million people in the United States seeking medical attention for head trauma each year,1 emergency clinicians face the critical task of efficiently and accurately identifying those with potentially life-threatening intracranial trauma. Due to the heterogeneity of patients, there is no one-size- fits-all approach to managing patients with suspected mild traumatic brain injury. This issue of Emergency Medicine Practice: Trauma EXTRA! reviews clinical guidelines, challenges in care for patients at extremes of ages, and strategies for managing patients with bleeding disorders or those taking anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents. Indications for imaging are also discussed, as well as which patients are at increased risk for intracranial injury and post-concussive syndrome. Management of patients with mild traumatic brain injury includes neurosurgery consultation, hospital admission for further observation, repeat imaging, or discharge home with careful discharge instructions.
IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (2011)

Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT), which translates between IPv4 and IPv6 packet headers (including ICMP headers).This document obsoletes RFC 2765.
Development of Manufacturing Technology for Fabrication of a Composite Helicopter Main Rotor Spar by Tubular Braiding (1981)

Mechanical tubular braiding has been shown to be a viable blade spar manufacturing process in a program which included preliminary design of an improved main rotor blade for the OH-58 helicopter. The blade incorporates an advanced aerodynamic shape and has as its primary structural member a Kevlar 49/ epoxy spar fabricated by braiding. Achievement of an analytically acceptable blade and spar design meeting critical structural and dynamic requirements was not hindered by braiding process constraints. Mechanical property tests of flat panels and spar sections exhibited excellent correlation with analytical predictions, substantiating the applicability of normal composite laminate analysis methods and the validity of the specific design. Ballistic testing of spar sections demonstrated superior containment of structural damage compared to composite spars produced by more conventional methods. Manufacturing cost estimates predict a price reduction of 1/3 for the braided spar relative to a similar S-glass/epoxy spar for an OH-58 blade of identical external shape fabricated by orthodox, low-cost technology. (Author)
Rapid Deployment UAV (2008)

Besides UCAV, present winged or helicopter-style UAVs waste too much time and fuel to takeoff and arrive an unpredicted trouble spot. This study presents two design concepts of rapid deployment UAV: the first is vertical launch surface-based rapid deployment UAV (RDUAV), and the second is air-launched rapid deployment UAV (AL-RDUAV). The proposed rapid deployment UAVs should rapidly reach the destination to eliminate the time gap and keep the original advantages of UAV. Both the RDUAV and AL-RDUAV are not only beneficial for military uses but also can perform rapid response to anti-terror missions or serious emergencies.
The Impact of Gender on Students' Instrument Timbre Preferences and Instrument Choices (2004)

When investigations of instrument preferences include actual music instrument timbres and labels, research reveals that gender stereotyping of instruments influences a respondent's choice. The primary purpose of this study was to examine timbre preferences in relation to the student's gender using synthesized sounds rather than natural instrument timbres. A secondary purpose was to examine students' subsequent choices of instruments in relation to their timbre preference and gender. Gordon's Instrument Timbre Preference Test (1984) was administered to 632 third-grade students. Boys (n = 312) most frequently preferred the oboe, English horn, and bassoon timbre (35.6%), followed by tuba (27.2%) and flute (24.8%): least preferred timbres were trumpet and trombone/baritone. Girls (n = 320) most frequently preferred the flute timbre (39.6%), followed by double reeds (24.8%) and saxophone (24.8%): least preferred were low brass timbres. In fourth grade, the instrument choices of 232 of these students were examined. Results indicate that even though boys' timbre preferences did not conform to typical instrument gender associations, their instrument choices do: 83% of all boys (n = 117) chose to play the saxophone, trumpet, or trombone, yet only 28% demonstrated a preference for these instruments. Nearly 80% of all girls (n = 115) chose to play the flute or clarinet, yet only 40% preferred these timbres. These results support the hypothesis that students ultimately tend to choose instruments according to gender-stereotypes rather than demonstrated timbre preference.
Characterization of Peptides Released by <i>in Vitro</i> Digestion of Pork Meat (2010)

The main objective of this work was to identify and characterize the peptides generated by simulated gastrointestinal digestion of pork meat (longissimus dorsi) by the sequential action of pepsin and pancreatin. The obtained hydrolysate was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with a nanoelectrospray ionization source (nano LC-ESI-MS/MS). Using this technique 51 different peptides were identified in the hydrolysate, corresponding to fragments of the main structural muscle proteins and some well-known sarcoplasmic proteins. To the best of our knowledge, this constitutes the highest number of peptides identified in pork meat digests. Peptide fragment size ranged from six to sixteen amino acids, being rich in proline residues and thus making them more resistant to further degradation by digestive enzymes. The present study constitutes a clear evidence of the extensive degradation that pork muscle proteins would undergo after gastrointestinal digestion, giving rise to a wide variety of short peptides. So, the use of in vitro digestion contributes to a better knowledge about the generation of peptides from diets with high protein quality.
EVALUATED NUCLEAR STRUCTURE DATA FILE -- A MANUAL FOR PREPARATION OF DATA SETS. (2001)

This manual describes the organization and structure of the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF). This computer-based file is maintained by the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory for the international Nuclear Structure and Decay Data Network. For every mass number (presently, A {le} 293), the Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) contains evaluated structure information. For masses A {ge} 44, this information is published in the Nuclear Data Sheets; for A < 44, ENSDF is based on compilations published in the journal Nuclear Physics. The information in ENSDF is updated by mass chain or by nuclide with a varying cycle time dependent on the availability of new information.
Poisson naive Bayes for text classification with feature weighting (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the use of multivariate Poisson model and feature weighting to learn naive Bayes text classifier. Our new naive Bayes text classification model assumes that a document is generated by a multivariate Poisson model while the previous works consider a document as a vector of binary term features based on the presence or absence of each term. We also explore the use of feature weighting for the naive Bayes text classification rather than feature selection, which is a quite costly process when a small number of the new training documents are continuously provided.Experimental results on the two test collections indicate that our new model with the proposed parameter estimation and the feature weighting technique leads to substantial improvements compared to the unigram language model classifiers that are known to outperform the original pure naive Bayes text classifiers.
Marker selection via maximizing the partial area under the ROC curve of linear risk scores (2010)

Rather than viewing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves directly to compare the performances of diagnostic methods, the whole and the partial areas under the ROC curve (area under the ROC curve [AUC] and partial area under the ROC curve [pAUC]) are 2 of the most popularly used summaries of the curve. Moreover, when high specificity is a prerequisite, as in some medical diagnostics, pAUC is preferable. In this paper, we propose a wrapper-type algorithm to select the best linear combination of markers that has high sensitivity within a confined specificity range. The markers selected by the proposed algorithm are different from those selected by AUC-based algorithms and therefore provide different information for further studies. Most notably, for example, within the given range of specificity, the markers selected by the proposed algorithm always have higher individual sensitivities than those selected by other AUC-based methods. This characteristic makes the proposed method a good addition to existing methods. Without assuming the underlying distributions of markers, we prove that the pAUC obtained with the proposed algorithm is a strongly consistent estimate of the true pAUC and then illustrate its performance with numerical studies using synthesized data and 2 real examples. The results are compared with those obtained by its AUC-based counterpart. We found that the classification performance of the final classifier based on the selected markers is very competitive.
Probing Nucleosome Stability with a DNA Origami Nanocaliper (2016)

The organization of eukaryotic DNA into nucleosomes and chromatin undergoes dynamic structural changes to regulate genome processing, including transcription and DNA repair. Critical chromatin rearrangements occur over a wide range of distances, including the mesoscopic length scale of tens of nanometers. However, there is a lack of methodologies that probe changes over this mesoscopic length scale within chromatin. We have designed, constructed, and implemented a DNA-based nanocaliper that probes this mesoscopic length scale. We developed an approach of integrating nucleosomes into our nanocaliper at two attachment points with over 50% efficiency. Here, we focused on attaching the two DNA ends of the nucleosome to the ends of the two nanocaliper arms, so the hinge angle is a readout of the nucleosome end-to-end distance. We demonstrate that nucleosomes integrated with 6, 26, and 51 bp linker DNA are partially unwrapped by the nanocaliper by an amount consistent with previously observed structural transitions. In contrast, the nucleosomes integrated with the longer 75 bp linker DNA remain fully wrapped. We found that the nanocaliper angle is a sensitive measure of nucleosome disassembly and can read out transcription factor (TF) binding to its target site within the nucleosome. Interestingly, the nanocaliper not only detects TF binding but also significantly increases the probability of TF occupancy at its site by partially unwrapping the nucleosome. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using DNA nanotechnology to both detect and manipulate nucleosome structure, which provides a foundation of future mesoscale studies of nucleosome and chromatin structural dynamics.
Preparation and Properties of Diborane Diphosphine (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and Properties of Diborane DiphosphineE. Lee Gamble and Paul GilmontCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 4, 717–721Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01861a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01861a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oxidative stress, inflammation and autoimmune reaction in type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (2004)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with oxidative stress, elevation of inflammatory markers and other mechanisms, which may contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to determine prominent factors of these pathogenic processes in patients with DM, to examine their relationship in serum, and to find out the differences between DM1 and DM2. Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), C-reactive protein (CRP), pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and anti-beta2-glycoprotein-1 antibodies (anti-beta2-GPI) were determined in 27 patients with DM1, 27 patients with DM2 and 23 healthy subjects. AOPP, CRP and anti-beta2-GPI were significantly elevated in DM2 in comparison with healthy subjects (p<0.01, p<0.0001, p<0.0001, respectively). In DM1, anti-beta2-GPI were elevated (p<0.0001) as well, but there was no increase of either AOPP or CRP. There was no difference in PAPP-A levels in DM1 or DM2 and healthy subjects. In DM 1, AOPP correlate significantly with anti-beta2-GPI (r = 0.68, p<0.05). In DM2, there is a significant correlation between anti-beta2-GPI and PAPP-A (r=0.45, p<0.05). Oxidative stress and inflammation are more expressed in DM2 and they are partly related. In DM1, oxidative stress seems to be in closer link to autoimmune reaction than to inflammation.