gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fetal therapy (1992)

In the past year, the results of the European trial comparing chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis have been published, supporting the findings of the Canadian Collaborative Study of an increased risk associated with chorionic villus sampling. The reporting of an increase in limb reduction abnormalities with chorionic villus sampling before 9 weeks has made us review our current practice. Other developments covered by this review include the management of mild cerebral ventriculomegaly, the treatment of tachyarrhythmias, and developments in fetal surgery. Throughout, the needs for continued collaboration, pooling of data, and the formation of international registers to extend the database from which both doctors and patients may benefit are highlighted.
Fatigue damage of 60kgf/mm2 class formable high strength sheet steels determined by X-ray diffraction and acoustic emission methods. (1990)

Strain-controlled low cycle fatigue damage has been studied by means of X-ray diffraction and AE (acoustic emission) methods in addition to metallographic technique for the following two types of formable 60kgf/mm2 class hot-rolled high strength sheet steels; a 0.9% Si-1.2% Mn dual phase(DP) hardened steel with duplex microstructures of ferrite and martensite and a 0.04% Nb added precipitation hardened fine grain steel. The following results were obtained.
Analyzing the MAC-level behavior of wireless networks in the wild (2006)

We present Wit, a non-intrusive tool that builds on passive monitoring to analyze the detailed MAC-level behavior of operational wireless networks. Wit uses three processing steps to construct an enhanced trace of system activity. First, a robust merging procedure combines the necessarily incomplete views from multiple, independent monitors into a single, more complete trace of wireless activity. Next, a novel inference engine based on formal language methods reconstructs packets that were not captured by any monitor and determines whether each packet was received by its destination. Finally, Wit derives network performance measures from this enhanced trace; we show how to estimate the number of stations competing for the medium. We assess Wit with a mix of real traces and simulation tests. We find that merging and inference both significantly enhance the originally captured trace. We apply Wit to multi-monitor traces from a live network to show how it facilitates 802.11 MAC analyses that would otherwise be difficult or rely on less accurate heuristics.
ChemInform Abstract: Unique Thermal Isomerization of the Diels‐Alder Adduct of 1,1‐ Dicyclopropylspiro(2.4)hepta‐4,6‐diene with TCNE. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Ozone on Plant Cell Membrane Permeability (1974)

General Effects Ozone, a strong oxidant component of photochemical smog is readily formed under conditions of high radiation and hydrocarbon waste. Oxides of nitrogen, mainly nitrogen dioxide arising from high temperature combustion processes, react with molecular oxygen in the atmosphere in the presence of ultraviolet sunlight to produce nitrogen oxide and ozone. When excess hydrocarbons are present the nitrogen oxide product (NO) will be converted to nitrogen dioxide, resulting in high ozone levels (1). The toxic effects of ozone in plant systems have been studied for some time, yet the actual mechanisms of injury are not fully understood. In addition to visible necrosis which appears largely on upper leaf surfaces, many other physiological and biochemical effects have been recorded (2). One of the first easily measurable effects is a stimulation of respiration. Frequently, however, respiration may not increase without concomitant visible injury. Furthermore, photosynthesis in green leaves as measured by
Functional molecular markers in barley: Development and applications (2005)

The availability of sequence data from large-scale EST (expressed sequence tag) projects has made it possible to develop markers directly from genes. In order to develop functional markers and the preparation of a transcript map (integrating of genes/transcripts to genetic map) of barley, more than 1000 ESTs/cDNAs including 589 RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), 255 SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) and 185 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat or microsatellite) markers have been developed. These markers provide a good resource for a variety of purposes including pedigree analysis, the study of marker-trait associations and comparative mapping in other cereals. A computational study suggests a theoretical transferability of barley markers to wheat (95.2%), rice (70.3%), maize (69.3%), sorghum (65.9%), rye (38.1%) and even to dicot species (~16%). Comparative mapping of 9 barley EST-SSRs in rye suggested the potential of barley markers to saturate the genetic maps of minor crop species having a shortage of molecular markers on their genetic maps. A comparison of 50 SSR and 50 SNP marker data for cladistic analysis on a set of six diverse barley genotypes showed that both marker types yield similar groupings. Therefore, gene-derived markers are a good resource for sampling the functional diversity in natural germplasm collection or breeding material.
Studies on Flavorous Substances in Soy (1950)

(1) 醤油粕より分離したC10H22O3なる香氣物質は濃厚アルカリによ.り冷時に於ても攣色攣臭しC5H10-COなるketoneとC7H13COOHなる不飽和酸を生ずる. (2) 此の反應の機講として、ZAGOUMENYの反應CANNIZZAROの反應,アルドール縮合,濃厚アルカりによるβ-ケトン酸の脱水等が綜合せられたものが考えられ,之よりC5H12COはisovalermethyl keton C4H9COCH3, C7H18COOHは isovalermethyl acrylic acid C4H9C(CH3)=CHCOOHが推定せられる. (3) 本反應は試料がα-hydroxy-isocaproaldehyde diethyl aceta1なる事を確實ならしめる.(4) 本反應を利用して,試料が光線により分解して他物質に變る事が證明せられる. (5) Acetalは通常アルカリに安定な物質とせられているが、本物質はアルカリに極めて弱いアセタール類の一例となる. 本研究に對し終始御懇篤なる御指導御韃を賜つた東大住木鍮介教授,坂口謹一郎教授,朝井勇豊教授に對し深甚の謝意を表する,又野田産研所長茂木正利氏,東大農化及び野田醤油株式會社内諸先輩より種々御指導御便宜を與えられ感謝に堪えない.元素分析は東大農化微量分析窒及東大藥學中央分析室の方々の勞を煩はせた.又實驗に當り同室の瀧本汪も清君の熱誠なる御協力を戴いた。之等の諸氏に茲に改めたて御禮申し上げる.
Configuration of DiffServ routers for high-speed links (2003)

The Internet is now widely expected to become an important communication infrastructure of society, and therefore it is no longer sufficient to simply be able to provide connections. A higher quality of service (QoS) in communications is increasingly being required. As a new framework for providing QoS services, DiffServ is undergoing a speedy standardization process at the IETF. DiffServ not only can offer a tiered level of services, but can also provide guaranteed QoS to a certain extent. In order to provide this QoS, however, DiffServ must be properly configured; to determine this proper configuration, a deeper understanding of DiffServ and its interaction with the different traffic types (specially TCP) is required. However, while much work in the past has focused on understanding the behavior of DiffServ with low-speed links, much less work has been invested for high-speed links. In this paper, we take up the subject of configuring high-speed DiffServ routers. We reuse previous work of the authors on DiffServ configuration and run an exhaustive set of simulations with high-speed links. We observe substantial differences in the resulting behavior with respect to previous work for low-speed links.
Potentiation of adriamycin anti-tumor activity by MS-209 in murine colon 26 tumor (1994)

Institute of Biological Science, Mitsui Pharmaceuticals Inc, Mobara, Chiba 297. Life Science Laboratory, Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Mobara, Chiba 297. Institute of Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan.
Protonation, Photobleaching, and Photoactivation of Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP 10C):  A Unifying Mechanism (2005)

Yellow fluorescent protein (YFP 10C) is widely used as a probe in biology, but its complex photochemistry gives rise to unusual behavior that requires fuller definition. Here we characterize the kinetics of protonation and reversible bleaching over time scales of picoseconds to hours. Stopped-flow and pressure-jump techniques showed that protonation of the fluorescent YFP(-) anion state is two-step with a slow transition that accounts for blinking of 527 nm emission at the single molecule level on the seconds time scale. Femtosecond spectroscopy revealed that the protonated excited-state (YFPH*) decayed predominantly by a radiationless mechanism, but emission at 460 nm was detected within the first picosecond. Limited excited-state proton transfer leads to 527 nm emission characteristic of the YFP(-*) anion. Prolonged continuous wave illumination at the peak of YFP(-) absorbance (514 nm) yields, irreversibly, a weakly fluorescent product that absorbs at 390 nm. This "photobleaching" process also gives a different species (YFPHrb) that absorbs at 350/430 nm and spontaneously regenerates YFP(-) in the dark on the time scale of hours but can be photoactivated by UV light to regenerate YFP(-) within seconds, via a ground-state protonated intermediate. Using a pulsed laser for photobleaching resulted in decarboxylation of YFP as indicated by the mass spectrum. These observations are accounted for in a unifying kinetic scheme.
The Serum M-Spike and Transplant Outcome in Patients with Multiple Myeloma. (2006)

Abstract Background: High dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation (HDT-ASCT) has prolonged survival in patients with multiple myeloma. Patients who achieve a complete response (CR) benefit the most from this form of therapy. Thus, achieving a CR is an important goal of therapy and it will be beneficial if the probability of achieving CR can be determined for any patient before transplant. Patients and Methods: A large cohort of patients with myeloma who received HDT-ASCT at Mayo Clinic Rochester was studied. The impact of various demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics relating to the patients and their disease acquired were studied for their impact on response to HDT-ASCT, especially CR. Patients with a serum M-protein <0.1g/dL were excluded. Response definitions were as defined by established criteria. Survival analysis was performed according to the Kaplan-Meier method while univariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the proportional hazards method. We utilized knowledge of the rate of M-protein production by myeloma cells together with the clearance of the protein to estimate the pre-transplant disease burden. Results: We studied 224 patients with a median age of 56.5 years (32.6 – 71). Patients were transplanted a median of 8.7 months after diagnosis. Almost all patients had a response to HDT-ASCT and 78 (35%) achieved a CR. Those patients who achieved a CR had a longer time to progression (TTP) compared to those who did not achieve CR (Figure 1). The cohort was thus divided into two groups: patients who achieved CR and those that did not. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two groups were compared. Among the pre-transplant parameters tested, only the size of the serum M-spike was a predictor for CR (p<0.0001). A simple function that describes the probability of achieving CR based on the serum M-spike before HDT-ASCT is described. The estimated rate of tumor re-growth after HDT-ASCT in patients who obtain a CR and in patients who only get a partial response are presented. Conclusions: The pre-transplant disease burden in myeloma is the main determinant of response to HDT-ASCT. The individual probability of achieving CR can be estimated from simple clinical parameters providing a quantitative risk assessment prior to such a high-risk procedure. There is significant expansion of myeloma cells after HDT-ASCT. The design of clinical trials may benefit from knowledge of the kinetic aspects of the disease. Figure Figure
ChemInform Abstract: THE PURPLE PIGMENTS PRODUCED BY ACETYLATION OF 2‐(2‐OXOINDOLIN‐3‐YL)GLYOXYLATES IN THE PRESENCE OF PYRIDINE (1977)

Abstract Die Reaktion des Glyoxylates (I) mit Acetanhydrid in Gegenwart von Pyridin liefert ein unlösliches purpurfarbenes Pigment, dem die Struktur (II) zugeordnet wird.
Phase randomization improves the security of quantum key distribution (2005)

Ideal quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols call for a source that emits single photon signals, but the sources used in typical practical realizations emit weak coherent states instead. A weak coherent state may contain more than one photon, which poses a potential security risk. QKD with weak coherent state signals has nevertheless been proven to be secure, but only under the assumption that the phase of each signal is random (and completely unknown to the adversary). Since this assumption need not be fully justified in practice, it is important to know whether phase randomization is really a requirement for security rather than a convenient technical assumption that makes the security proof easier. Here, we exhibit an explicit attack in which the eavesdropper exploits knowledge of the phase of the signals, and show that this attack allows the eavesdropper to learn every key bit in a parameter regime where a protocol using phase-randomized signals is provably secure. Thus we demonstrate that phase randomization really does enhance the security of QKD using weak coherent states. This result highlights the importance of a careful characterization of the source for proofs of the security of quantum key distribution.
Development of 170 GHz gyrotron for ITER (2003)

The new design of 170 GHz/1 MW/50% gyrotron with depressed collector and diamond window is reported. First stage testing of this gyrotron with BN window was completed. Output power of 950 kW and efficiency up to 44% were achieved. Pulse duration of 0.4 s was limited by BN window capacity. BN window was replaced then with the diamond one and second stage testing started with low power regime. Pulse duration of 20 s was reached at 250-kW power level.
A Design to Increase the Static Stiffness of Hole Pattern Stator Gas Seals (2006)

An analysis is presented which shows that a deep groove located at about 60% along the axial length from the inlet will approximately double the static stiffness of a hole-pattern-stator, annular gas seal. Test results for a seal using this geometry generally confirm the correctness of this prediction. The groove also produces an increase in leakage by about 4% and a modest decrease in effective damping.
TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLINES. II. STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF (±)-DEDIMETHYLAMINO-6-DEMETHYL-6,12a-DIDEOXY-7-CHLOROTETRACYCLINE (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTOTAL SYNTHESIS OF TETRACYCLINES. II. STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF (±)-DEDIMETHYLAMINO-6-DEMETHYL-6,12a-DIDEOXY-7-CHLOROTETRACYCLINEThomas L. Fields, Andrew S. Kende, and James H. BootheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 5, 1250–1251Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01490a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01490a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Kalidium foliatum (2007)

Studies on the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Kalidium foliatum have led to the isolation of three new and one known compounds. The structures of new constituents have been elucidated through spectral studies including 2D-NMR experiments (HMQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY and J-resolved) and MS/MS fragmentation using Q-TOF mass spectrometer equipped with an ESI source as kalidiumoside C (=3beta-hydroxy-29-methylmalonoxy-olean-12-en-23,28-dioic acid-23-methyl-28-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester; 1), kalidiunin (=3beta,23,29-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-methyl-oate; 2) and kalidiumoside D (=3beta,23,29-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester; 3). The known compound was identified as 3beta,23,29-trihydroxy-olean-12-en-28-oic acid 4) through comparison of its spectral data with those reported in literature. Acid hydrolysis of both 2 and 3 yielded the known compound 4 providing a conclusive evidence of the proposed structures.
Computing Shor's algorithmic steps with classical light beams (2021)

When considered as orthogonal bases in distinct vector spaces, the unit vectors of polarization directions and the Laguerre-Gaussian modes of polarization amplitude are inseparable, constituting a so-called classical entangled light beam. Equating this classical entanglement to quantum entanglement necessary for computing purpose, we show that the parallelism featured in Shor's factoring algorithm is equivalent to the concurrent light-path propagation of an entangled beam or pulse train. A gedanken experiment is proposed for executing the key algorithmic steps of modular exponentiation and Fourier transform on a target integer $N$ using only classical manipulations on the amplitudes and polarization directions. The multiplicative order associated with the sought-after integer factors is identified through a four-hole diffraction interference from sources obtained from the entangled beam profile. The unique mapping from the fringe patterns to the computed order is demonstrated through simulations for the case $N=15$.
Characteristics of mesospheric optical emissions produced by lightning discharges (1999)

A new two‐dimensional cylindrically symmetric electromagnetic model of the lightning‐ionosphere interaction includes effects of both the lightning radiated electromagnetic pulses (EMP) and the quasi‐electrostatic (QE) fields, thus allowing effective studies of lightning‐ionosphere interactions on time scales ranging from several microseconds to tens of milliseconds. The temporal and spatial evolution of the electric field, lower ionospheric electron density, and optical emissions calculated with the new model are used to investigate theoretically the effects of the lightning return stroke current waveform (i.e., the current rise and fall timescales) and of the observational geometry on the optical signals observed with a photometer. For typical lightning discharges of ∼100 μs duration the ionospheric response is dominated by the EMP‐induced heating leading to the highly transient and laterally expanding optical flashes known as elves. The optical signal characteristics are found to be highly sensitive to both the observational geometry and the current waveform. The onset delay with respect to the lightning discharge, the duration, and the peak magnitude of optical emissions are highly dependent on the elevation and azimuth angles of field of view of individual photometric pixels. The shape of the optical signal clearly reflects the source current waveform. For a waveshape with risetime of ∼50 μs or longer a double‐pulse shape of the photometric signal is observed. For cloud to ground lightning discharges of ∼1 ms duration removing substantial amount of charge (i.e., ∼100 C from 10 km altitude), heating and ionization changes induced by the QE field lead to the mesospheric luminous glows with lateral extent < 100 km, referred to as sprites.
Potentiometric determination of sulphite by use of mercury(I) chloride-mercury(II) sulphide electrodes in flow injection analysis and in air-gap electrodes (1983)

Flow injection analysis, using as the detector a solid-state ion-selective electrode with a mercury(II) sulphide-mercury(I) chloride membrane, can be used for determining sulphite or dissolved sulphur dioxide in water. At concentrations in the range 1.5–10 mg 1–1 of sulphite, the method has a Nernstian response of 60 mV per decade, but at lower concentrations (down to 0.1 mg 1–1) the e.m.f. is linearly related to the sulphite concentration. Although the flow injection method is less sensitive than direct use of the electrode, it avoids the problem of chloride interference and permits the determination of sulphur dioxide in the commonly used tetrachloromercurate absorbent. The only serious interference found was from sulphide, although a small effect was also obtained from thiosulphate. Measurements in the range 0.1–10 mg 1–1 of sulphite had relative standard deviations for single results of no more than 2%. The method requires only two reagents (dilute nitric acid solutions) and is simple to operate. Each analysis is complete in less than 5 min.Air-gap electrodes, using the same sensor, had sub-Nernstian responses of very poor reproducibility and were not considered to be a practical means of determining sulphite.
Pyramidalisierung des Kohlenstoffs im Fullerenkäfig durch endohedrale Cluster: heterometallische Metallnitridclusterfullerene ohne Scandium (2008)

Die Wirkung der Eingeschlossenen: Mit der erfolgreichen Isolierung von LuY2N@C80 und Lu2YN@C80 liegen die ersten heterometallischen Nitridclusterfullerene ohne Sc vor. Die Wirkung des eingebauten Clusters auf die Struktur des Kohlenstoffkäfigs lässt sich verfolgen: Mit der Vergrößerung des Clusters verstärkt sich die Pyramidalisierung des Kohlenstoffs im Pyrenbaustein des Käfigs, wie die Verschiebungen des 13C-NMR-Signals zeigen (siehe Bild).
Nonthermal photodesorption of N2 from Ag(111) (1998)

We have measured translational and rotational energy distributions of N2 molecules following desorption from a Ag(111) surface by infrared (1064 nm) radiation. The observed desorption yields were large even at laser fluences far below that required for laser-induced thermal desorption. State-resolved laser techniques using coherent VUV radiation showed that the rotational and translational energy distributions of the desorbing N2 molecules are not consistent with the predictions of the heat diffusion model governing laser-induced surface heating. These results suggest that physisorbed adsorbates can couple directly to the nascent-phonon distribution or the nascent electron–hole pairs in the photoexcited substrate without heating of the surface.