gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and processing of polymerase proteins of wild-type and mutant avian retroviruses (1980)

We have studied the biosynthesis of avian retrovirus proteins related to reverse transcriptase in permissive avian embryonic cells. Analysis of immune precipitates from avian sarcoma virus (ASV)-infected cells demonstrated the presence of the 180,000-dalton gag-pol "read-through" protein (Pr180gag-pol) and a 130,000-dalton polypeptide (Pr130gag-pol). Pr130gag-pol was found, in serological and peptide mapping studies, to consist primarily of sequences related to reverse transcriptase and the gag-encoded protein p15. Pr180gag-pol was found to be phosphorylated, whereas Pr130gag-pol was not. In addition, only Pr180gag-pol but not Pr130gag-pol was susceptible to cleavage with the virion protease p15. Although the structure of Pr130gag-pol would suggest that it is generated by removal of a portion of the gag region from Pr180gag-pol, an analysis of labeling kinetics has failed to demonstrate unequivocally whether Pr130gag-pol is a cleavage product of Pr180gag-pol or a primary translation product. We were repeatedly unable to detect either Pr180gag-pol or Pr130gag-pol in virus particles released from the cell, whereas both beta and alpha subunits were readily observed. Several presumed intermediates between Pr130gag-pol and the beta subunit of reverse transcriptase were also observed in virions. These studies indicate cleavage of polyemrase precursors at the time of virus budding. On the basis of these data, we present a processing scheme for the generation of reverse transcriptase subunits. We have also examined reverse transcriptase biosynthesis in cells producing two mutants that fail to package the enzyme. Previous work showed that integrated proviruses of both mutants are missing DNA sequences in pol: one mutant, PH9 (Mason et al., J. Virol. 30:132-140, 1979), contains a deletion near the 3' end of pol, whereas the other, SE52d (linial et al., Virology 87:130-141, 1978), may have inserted a host cell sequence near the 5' end of pol. Neither mutant synthesized Pr180gag-pol or Pr130gag-pol, but instead produced novel proteins comprised of sequences shared with gag proteins plus a region antigenically related to reverse transcriptase. Both proteins were defective as precursors to reverse transcriptase. Whereas Pr180gag-pol and Pr130gag-pol were precipitated by an antiserum raised against p32 (a virion protein derived from the portion of the beta subunit removed during processing of beta to alpha [Schiff and Grandgenett, J. Virol. 28:279-291, 1978]), the novel protein synthesized by PH9 ws not precipitated. This suggets that the alpha subunit is generated by a COOH-terminal cleavage of the beta subunit.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 25‐Hydroxy‐ and 1α,25‐Dihydroxyvitamin D3 from Vitamin D2 (Calciferol). (1987)

Abstract The triene system of calciferol acetate (I) is partly protected by reaction with phthalazinedione, formed in situ from phthalhydrazide (II).
Growth of InGaAs(P) in planetary metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy reactor using tertiarybutylarsine and tertiarybutylphosphine for photovoltaic applications (2018)

The effects of wafer (surface) temperature on the surface morphologies of InP, InGaAsP, and InGaAs grown in a planetary metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor using tertiarybutylarsine (TBA) and tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) as group V precursors were investigated. Compared with small horizontal reactors, InP growths require a relatively low temperature to prevent TBP predecomposition and parasitic gas-phase reactions. However, such a low temperature can prevent the surface migration of In adatoms and degrade surface morphology, especially when a substantial amount of Ga precursors is present. Hence, growths of InGaAs require a higher temperature than that of InP and InGaAsP. In this work, 1.04 eV In0.79Ga0.21As0.46P0.54 and 0.74 eV In0.53Ga0.47As single-junction cells as well as InGaAsP/InGaAs dual-junction solar cells have been successfully fabricated. The cell performances reveal that InGaAs layers grown at 590 °C exhibit great crystal quality, while 550-°C-grown InGaAsP layers contain a noticeable extent of defect density and lattice imperfection.
ChemInform Abstract: YCl<sub>3</sub>‐Catalyzed Highly Selective Conversion of Arylglyoxal to α‐Aryl‐α‐hydroxyacetic Ester: Dramatic Influence of Base. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TNF-antagonist treatment and risk of hospitalisation for infection. Results from the National Swedish Monitoring-Program for Biologics in RA (ARTIS). (2006)

TNF-antagonist treatment and risk of hospitalisation for infection. Results from the National Swedish Monitoring-Program for Biologics in RA (ARTIS).
Time-frequency analysis of impact sound by means of the discrete pseudo-Wigner distribution. (1989)

For the analysis of nonstationary signals and time-varying signals such as impact sound, the use of a discrete pseudo-Wigner distribution (WD) is particularly suitable. Review of its mathematical properties indicates that its expression is suitable to represent the signal simultaneously in the time and frequency domains. In order to compute the WD, digital signal processing is necessary. WD for digital processing can be carried out simply by adapting the fast Fourier transform algorithm. Analyzing several types of time-varying transient acoustic signals by means of the WD, we can illustrate their dynamic features jointly in time and frequency representation. Especially for the sandwich steel sheet, the damping characteristic of the signal can be clearly represented in the time-frequency domain.
Directional coupling of magnetostatic surface waves in a layered structure of YIG films (1981)

The directional coupling of magnetostatic surface waves propagating in a layered structure where two YIG films are located in parallel with a small gap between them are theoretically investigated. Due to strong dispersion of magnetostatic surface waves, this directional coupler shows frequency filtering and frequency demultiplexing characteristics which can be tuned by an applied magnetic field.
New Approach to Formation-Keeping Problem of Multiple Satellites with Attitude Requirements (2011)

peer reviewed
Characterization of transfer layers on steel surfaces sliding against diamondlike carbon in dry nitrogen (1995)

Transfer layers on sliding steel surfaces play important roles in tribological performance of diamondlike carbon films. This study investigated the nature of transfer layers formed on M50 balls during sliding against diamondlike carbon (DLC) films (1.5 {mu}m thick) prepared by ion-beam deposition. Long-duration sliding tests were performed with steel balls sliding against the DLC coatings in dry nitrogen at room temperature and zero humidity. Test results indicated that the friction coefficients of test pairs were initially 0.12 but decreased steadily with sliding distance to 0.02-0.03 and remained constant throughout the tests, which lasted for more than 250,000 sliding cycles (30 km). This low-friction regime appeared to coincide with the formation of a carbon-rich transfer layer on the sliding surfaces of M50 balls. Micro-laser-Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy were used to elucidate the structure and chemistry of these transfer layers and to reveal their possible role in the wear and friction behavior of DLC-coated surfaces.
Synthesis of 25-13C-Amphotericin B Methyl Ester: A Molecular Probe for Solid-state NMR Measurements (2008)

Abstract A 13C-labeled amphotericin B (AmB) derivative was synthesized based on a hybrid strategy combining chemical synthesis with degradation of a natural product through successive cross-coupling reactions and macrolactonization. The specimen regiospecifically 13C-labeled (99% enrichment) at C25 position corresponding to the polyene moiety would be a powerful tool for structural analysis of the molecular assembly formed by AmB based on solid-state NMR measurements.
Second sound and heat flow in anisotropic solids (1981)

A simplified expression for the velocity of second sound in anisotropic crystals in derived.Received 2 February 1981DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.24.1205©1981 American Physical Society
Marked genetic similarities between hepatitis B virus-positive and hepatitis C virus-positive hepatocellular carcinomas (2000)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common neoplasms worldwide. Well-established risk factors include infections with two very different viruses: the DNA virus causing hepatitis B (HBV) and the RNA virus inducing hepatitis C (HCV). In order to determine whether genetic differences exist between HBV- and HCV-induced HCC, 41 HCC samples of known vival status were examined by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The analysis revealed frequent deletions of 1p (24%), 4q (39%), 6q (41%), 8p (44%), 9p (24%), 11q (24%), 12q (22%), and 13q (39%), as well as common gains of 1q (46%), 6p+ (20%), 8q+ (41%), 11q (27%), and 17q+ (37%). There was no significant difference in the number and type of chromosomal imbalances between 25 HCV- and 16 HBV-infected tumours. This is consistent with models suggesting that HBV and HCV cause cancer through non-specific inflammatory and regenerative processes, rather than through virus-specific interactions with defined target genes. Chromosomal imbalances were also unrelated to the grade and stage of HCC. This may suggest that most gross genomic alterations occur early during HCC development and that further progression of these tumours may be associated with other types of genetic changes, not detectable by CGH. In summary, these data show that characteristic gross genomic changes occur in HCC, but these alterations at present do not appear to have diagnostic or prognostic applications.
Pharmacological characterization of RS 25259‐197, a novel and selective 5‐HT<sub>3</sub> receptor antagonist, <i>in vivo</i> (1995)

1. The pharmacological effects in vivo, of RS 25259-197, a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, have been investigated. 2. In anaesthetized rats, RS 25259-197, administered by the intravenous, intraduodenal or transdermal route, dose-dependently inhibited the von Bezold-Jarisch reflex induced by 2-methyl 5-HT (ID50 = 0.04 micrograms kg-1, i.v., 3.2 micrograms kg-1, i.d. and 32.8 micrograms per chamber, respectively). In this regard, when administered intraduodenally, RS 25259-197 was more potent and exhibited a longer duration of action than either ondansetron or granisetron. 3. In conscious ferrets, RS 25259-197, administered intravenously or orally, dose-dependently inhibited emesis induced by cisplatin. The ID50 estimates of RS 25259-197 were 1.1 micrograms kg-1, i.v. and 3.2 micrograms kg-1, p.o. In this respect, RS 25259-197 was more potent than ondansetron and equipotent with granisetron. 4. In conscious dogs, RS 25259-197, administered intravenously or orally, dose-dependently inhibited emesis induced by cisplatin (ID50 = 1.9 micrograms kg-1, i.v. and 8.5 micrograms kg-1, p.o.), dacarbazine (ID50 = 4.1 micrograms kg-1, i.v. and 9.7 micrograms kg-1, p.o.), actinomycin D (ID50 = 4.9 micrograms kg-1, i.v. and 2.5 micrograms kg-1, p.o.) and mechlorethamine (ID50 = 4.4 micrograms kg-1, i.v. and 3.0 micrograms kg-1, p.o.). Against each of the emetogenic agents, RS 25259-197 was very much more potent than ondansetron. When tested at equi-effective intravenous doses against cisplatin-induced emesis in dogs, RS 25259-197 had a longer duration of anti-emetic activity (7 h) than ondansetron (4 h). At doses up to and including 1000 microg kg-1, p.o., neither RS25259-197 nor ondansetron was capable of inhibiting apomorphine-induced emesis.5. At doses up to 1000 microg kg-1, i.v., RS 25259-197 produced no meaningful haemodynamic changes in anaesthetized dogs.6. In summary, RS 25259-197 is a novel, highly potent and orally active 5-HT3 receptor antagonist in vivo. With respect to its anti-emetic activity, RS 25259-197 appears to be a significant improvement over ondansetron in terms of potency and duration of action.
Proof for the RMgX Composition of Grignard Compounds in Diethyl Ether. RMgX, the Initial Species Formed in the Reaction of RX and Mg (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProof for the RMgX Composition of Grignard Compounds in Diethyl Ether. RMgX, the Initial Species Formed in the Reaction of RX and MgE. C. AshbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 11, 2509–2510Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01089a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01089a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gender and cardiovascular disease: are sex-biased microRNA networks a driving force behind heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in women? (2017)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death among men and women worldwide. Nevertheless, our comprehension of how CVD progresses in women and elicits clinical outcomes is lacking, leading CVD to be under-diagnosed and under-treated in women. A clear example of this differential presentation of CVD pathophysiologies in females is the strikingly higher prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Women with a history of pre-eclampsia or those who present with co-morbidities such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of developing HFpEF. Long understood to be a critical CVD risk factor, our understanding of how gender differentially affects the development of CVD has been greatly expanded by extensive genomic and transcriptomic studies. These studies uncovered a pivotal role for differential microRNA (miRNA) expression in response to systemic inflammation, where their co-ordinated expression forms a post-transcriptional regulatory network that instigates microcirculation defects. Importantly, the potential sex-biased expression of the given miRNAs may explain sex-specific cardiovascular pathophysiologies in women, such as HFpEF. Sex-biased miRNAs are regulated by oestrogen (E2) in their transcription and processing or are expressed from loci on the X-chromosome due to incomplete X-chromosome inactivation. Interestingly, while E2-induced miRNAs predominantly appear to serve protective functions, it could be argued that many X-linked miRNAs have been found to challenge microvascular and myocardial integrity. Therefore, menopausal E2 deficiency, resulting in protective miRNA loss, and the augmentation of X-linked miRNA expression, may well contribute to the molecular mechanisms that underlie the female-specific cardiovascular aetiology in HFpEF.
Preparation of Au-Pt Nanostructures on Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Surfaces by Pulsed Laser Deposition and Their Characterization by XPS and AFM Methods (2008)

Au-Pt nanostructures on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were prepared by irradiating bimetallic target under ultrahigh vacuum with pulsed radiation of Nd:YAG laser. The deposited nanostructures were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The measured spectra of Au (4f) and Pt (4f) photoelectrons of laser deposits were composed of two overlapping doublets. Analysis of images obtained from AFM revealed bimodal particle size distribution and presence of few large particles. In agreement with AFM images of the deposit we attributed a two doublet structure of Au (4f) and Pt (4f) spectra to bimodal nanoparticle size distribution. Carbon KLL Auger electron spectra revealed formation of defects in the superficial layers of HOPG by impinging metal ions accompanied by appearance of sp 3 hybridized carbon atoms. The dependence of Au (4f) and Pt (4f) core level binding energies on the amount of metals deposited and formation of bimetallic nanoparticles are discussed.
Miniaturizing Transmon Qubits Using van der Waals Materials (2021)

Quantum computers can potentially achieve an exponential speedup versus classical computers on certain computational tasks, recently demonstrated in superconducting qubit processors. However, the capacitor electrodes that comprise these qubits must be large in order to avoid lossy dielectrics. This tactic hinders scaling by increasing parasitic coupling among circuit components, degrading individual qubit addressability, and limiting the spatial density of qubits. Here, we take advantage of the unique properties of van der Waals (vdW) materials to reduce the qubit area by >1000 times while preserving the capacitance while maintaining quantum coherence. Our qubits combine conventional aluminum-based Josephson junctions with parallel-plate capacitors composed of crystalline layers of superconducting niobium diselenide and insulating hexagonal boron nitride. We measure a vdW transmon <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> relaxation time of 1.06 μs, demonstrating a path to achieve high-qubit-density quantum processors with long coherence times, and the broad utility of layered heterostructures in low-loss, high-coherence quantum devices.
Isolation and Crystal Structure of Stylopeptide 1, A New Marine Porifera Cycloheptapeptide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and Crystal Structure of Stylopeptide 1, A New Marine Porifera CycloheptapeptideGeorge R. Pettit, Jayaram K. Srirangam, Delbert L. Herald, Jun-ping Xu, Michael R. Boyd, Zbigniew Cichacz, Yoshiaki Kamano, Jean M. Schmidt, and Karen L. EricksonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 25, 8257–8261Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00130a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00130a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extensive HLA class II studies in 58 non‐DRB1*15 (DR2) narcoleptic patients with cataplexy (1997)

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that has been shown to be tightly associated with HLA DR15 (DR2). In this study, 58 non-DR15 patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy were typed at the HLA DRB1, DQA1 and DQB1 loci. Subjects included both sporadic cases and narcoleptic probands from multiplex families. Additional markers studied in the class II region were the promoters of the DQA1 and DQB1 genes, two CA repeat polymorphisms (DQCAR and DQCARII) located between the DQA1 and DQB1 genes, three CA repeat markers (G51152, T16CAR and G411624R) located between DQB1 and DQB3 and polymorphisms at the DQB2 locus. Twenty-one (36%) of these 58 non-DR15 narcoleptic patients were DQA1*0102 and DQB1*0602, a DQ1 subtype normally associated with DRB1*15 in DR2-positive narcoleptic subjects. Additional microsatellite and DQA1 promoter diversity was found in some of these non-DR15 but DQB1*0602-positive haplotypes but the known allele specific codons of DQA1*0102 and DQB1*0602 were maintained in all 21 cases. The 37 non-DQA1*0102/DQB1*0602 subjects did not share any particular HLA DR or DQ alleles. We conclude that HLA DQA1*0102 and DQB1*0602 are the most likely primary candidate susceptibility genes for narcolepsy in the HLA class II region.
Nutrition and Cancer: Introduction (1986)

The interest in nutrition and cancer is not new. In 1809 William Lambe (1) published a treatise on diet and cancer in which he impugned foods of animal origin and ordinary water as the principal causes of cancer. Lambe's prescription for cancer prevention was a strict vegetarian diet and distilled water. There was an interest in undernutrition as a preventative measure in experimental carcinogenesis at the beginning of this century (2, 3). Major research activity relating to diet and cancer was evident in the 1940s with the work being centered in the laboratories of Tannenbaum at the Michael Reese Hospital in Chicago and of Baumann who was at the University of Wisconsin. A survey of index entries under “diet” found in Cancer Research, Volumes 1 (1941) to 43 (1983) shows 52 listings between 1941 and 1950,49 between 1951 and 1960, 18 between 1961 and 1965, 13 between 1966 and 1975, and 70 between 1976 and 1983. Clearly interest is on the upswing. Diet can influence carcinogenesis in a number of ways. There is the possibility of direct ingestion of carcinogens or their precursors; diet can affect the ways in which carcinogens are transported or metabolized; diet can provide substrates for carcinogen formation; diet can affect cellular metabolism so as to increase receptivity for carcinogenic action. Finally, the bulk of diet (calories, energy) may enhance carcinogenesis. Mortality from cancer as a function of body weight (4) has shown that cancers of the endometrium, gallbladder, cervix, colon, and pancreas may be more prevalent in subjects who are to 10–20% overweight but a few cancers, among them lung and lymphoma, are elevated in subjects who are 11–20% under-weight. Overall, underweight appears to be more of a risk in men than in women. A study of diet and its relation to colon cancer was reported over 50 years ago (5). That study indicated vegetables, cereals, and dairy products as negative risk factors.