gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Simon - Mukunda polarization gadget (1996)

The universal gadget recently proposed by Simon and Mukunda to synthesize any non-absorbing optical element acting on the polarization of a wave is explained by elementary means. This different approach also leads to alternative synthesis procedures.
<title>Experimental comparison of dual-energy x-ray image detectors</title> (1996)

Many different types of detectors are used for dual energy x-ray radiography. We developed an objective, technology independent, experimental method to compare the performance of these detectors. Our method uses a quality factor defined as the signal to noise ratio squared divided by the dose. We measure this quality factor by making images of a calibration phantom containing steps with known aluminum and plastic thickness. From the energy selective data, we compute an aluminum equivalent thickness image. The signal is the difference in the average value between two steps of the phantom with different aluminum thickness. The noise is the standard deviation of the computed values over the steps. The dose is the incident x-ray exposure. We applied this method to compare three energy selective detectors: (1) a single exposure, double screen, 'sandwich' storage phosphor detector, (2) an active storage phosphor detector using two exposures with different x-ray tube voltages with a light pulse erasing the front screen signal between x-ray exposures, and (3) a single exposure, double screen film detector. We found that the quality factor of the active detector is much larger than the single exposure film detector which in turn is substantially larger than the single exposure, storage phosphor detector.
Pilot channel-aided techniques to compute the beamforming vector for CDMA systems with antenna array (2000)

In the presence of pilot channels in the reverse-link, some approaches to compute the coherent beamforming vectors for the two-dimensional Rake (2-D Rake) combiner are considered. Since the beamforming vectors are computed using the de-spread signals, the computational complexity of the approaches is lower than that of the approach which uses the received signals before despreading. It has been shown that the beamforming performance depends on the accuracy of channel parameter estimation. The approach which provides better channel parameter estimates can give a better beamforming performance. The effect of the pilot power on the performance is also presented.
Impacts of gap thickness scaling on Thin-Film Transistors with suspended nanowire channels (2011)

For the past years, MEMS-based devices such as Suspended Gate Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (SG-MOSFET) and air-gap poly Si Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) have received considerable attention because of their abrupt switching characteristics which is attractive for solving the non-scalable subthreshold swing (SS) of traditional MOSFETs. Although some simulation results showed that the pull-in voltage, which can be regarded as the threshold voltage of MOSFET, could be reduced directly by shrinking the air-gap thickness, however, difficulty in etching arises because of extremely high aspect ratio of the air gap structure as the gap thickness is scaled down. We had previously proposed a novel suspended nanowire (NW) channel device with sub-100 nm air gap for reducing the operation voltage. Owing to the use of the tiny NW channels, the air gap structure with a small aspect ratio could be formed by a common buffered oxide etchant (BOE) which greatly simplifies the processes. In this work, we discuss the impacts of gap thickness scaling on the operation of the suspended NW channel devices.
Modelling the efficacy of hyperthermia treatment (2013)

Multimodal oncological strategies which combine chemotherapy or radiotherapy with hyperthermia, have a potential of improving the efficacy of the non-surgical methods of cancer treatment. Hyperthermia engages the heat-shock response (HSR) mechanism, the main component of which are heat-shock proteins. Cancer cells have already partially activated HSR, thereby hyperthermia may be more toxic to them relative to normal cells. On the other hand, HSR triggers thermotolerance, i.e. hyperthermia-treated cells show an impairment in their susceptibility to a subsequent heat-induced stress. This poses questions about efficacy and optimal strategy for anti-cancer therapy combined with hyperthermia treatment. To address these questions, we adapt our previous HSR model and propose its stochastic extension. We formalize the notion of a HSP-induced thermotolerance. Next, we estimate the intensity and the duration of the thermotolerance. Finally, we quantify the effect of a multimodal therapy based on hyperthermia and a cytotoxic effect of bortezomib, a clinically approved proteasome inhibitor. Consequently, we propose an optimal strategy for combining hyperthermia and proteasome inhibition modalities. In summary, by a mathematical analysis of HSR, we are able to support the common belief that the combination of cancer treatment strategies increases therapy efficacy.
Improvements in the reliability and element quality of parallel tetrahedral mesh generation (2012)

SUMMARY The paper presents a parallel tetrahedral mesh generation approach based on recursive bidivisions using triangular surfaces. Research was conducted for addressing issues concerning mesh generation reliability and element quality. A novel procedure employing local modification techniques is proposed for repairing the intersecting interdomain mesh instead of directly repeating the bidivision procedure, which improves the robustness of the complete meshing procedure significantly. In addition, a new parallel quality improvement scheme is suggested for optimizing the distributed volume meshes. The scheme is free of any communication cost and highly efficient. Finally, mesh experiments of hundreds of millions of elements are performed to demonstrate the reliability, effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method and its potential applications to large‐scale simulations of complex aerodynamics models. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influenza Vaccination and Warfarin Anticoagulation (1984)

Because influenza vaccine can markedly depress hepatic cytochrome P450 activity and may have caused an extreme prolongation of the prothrombin time in one patient receiving warfarin, we studied the effect of influenza vaccine on anticoagulation in 21 male outpatients receiving chronic warfarin therapy. Prothrombin times measured three to five times in the month after vaccination were in the therapeutic range as often as those measured before vaccination. Mean changes in prothrombin times measured after vaccination were not significantly different from those on the day of vaccination or in the 3 months before vaccination. The size of this study assured an 80% chance that any deviation from the observed mean prothrombin times would not exceed 2.1 s. No patient had any bleeding or thromboembolic problems. Thus, influenza vaccination of patients anticoagulated with warfarin appears to be safe.
Extending SQL for Decision Support Applications. (2002)

The challenge of extending database systems for decision support applications has been thetopic of much recent research—a very incomplete list of previous work includes [11, 8, 12, 4,10, 5]. Yet, there is no generally accepted solution for the problem, which remains a criticalone, since the inability of current DBMSs to support data mining applications is well-testedand clearly documented [12].Our research approach in addressing this diﬃcult problem is motivated by the observa-tion that aggregate functions provide the linchpin for most decision support computations;moreover inductive discovery from large data sets can be viewed as the process of aggregat-ing low level data into statistical summaries of semantic signiﬁcance. Therefore, the ATLaSsystem designed at UCLA [2] allows end-users to deﬁne new powerful aggregate functionsby writing them in SQL. The same mechanism can be used to deﬁne new table functionsin ATLaS, whose name stands for Aggregate & Table Language and System. ATLaS is thesuccessor of the AXL system described in [15].These SQL-based native extension mechanisms turn ATLaS into a powerful and ﬂexiblesystem for advanced data-intensive applications, including applications from many domainsthat are not supported well by current Object-Relational database systems, which stillsuﬀer from limited extensibility. In fact, the only extensibility mechanism now providedby Object-Relational systems relies on nonnative datablades—i.e., on external functionsdeﬁned in a procedural language and imported into SQL.ATLaS is very eﬀective at expressing decision support tasks: we demonstrate this prop-erty by the eﬃcient implementation of several functions, such as rollups, datacubes, clas-siﬁers, and frequent item sets for association rules [2]. The performance of these functionsexpressed in ATLaS is typically within 30% of the performance of the same algorithmscoded in C/C++. To achieve this level of performance, ATLaS supports various optimiza-tion techniques, and the ability of manipulating in-memory tables in SQL. In fact, attributesof reference type in such tables allow the eﬃcient support of data structures, such as tries,that are instrumental in implementing data mining algorithms, such as Apriori [1, 7].The stream-oriented computation model used by ATLaS contrasts with the computa-tion model based on ‘blocking’ semantics that is normally used for aggregates in currentdatabase systems. Thus, online aggregates [9], time-series queries [13], sliding-window ag-gregates, approximate aggregates, and continuous queries [3] are naturally supported inATLaS. Furthermore, important properties of an ATLaS program, such as blocking behav-ior and monotonicity, can be easily inferred from the syntactic structure of the program [14].
The 3He Supply Problem (2009)

One of the main uses for 3He is in gas proportional counters for neutron detection. Radiation portal monitors deployed for homeland security and non-proliferation use such detectors. Other uses of 3He are for research detectors, commercial instruments, well logging detectors, dilution refrigerators, for targets or cooling in nuclear research, and for basic research in condensed matter physics. The US supply of 3He comes almost entirely from the decay of tritium used in nuclear weapons by the US and Russia. A few other countries contribute a small amount to the world’s 3He supply. Due to the large increase in use of 3He for homeland security, the supply has dwindled, and can no longer meet the demand. This white paper reviews the problems of supply, utilization, and alternatives.
GAS-1  (1999)

The function of the 49-kDa (IP) subunit of complex I is unknown. The finding that mutations in complex I increase sensitivity of C elegans to volatile anesthetics may implicate this physiologic process in the determination of anesthetic sensitivity. The hypersensitivity of animals with a mutation in the gas-1 gene may be caused by a direct anesthetic effect on a mitochondrial protein or secondary effects at other sites caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
Craniofacial disorders caused by mutations in homeobox genes MSX1 and MSX2. (2000)

The molecular biology of the homeobox genes MSX1 and MSX2 is reviewed. In a selective type of tooth agenesis, an MSX1 G --> C transversion results in a missense mutation Arg31Pro. The phenotype is due to haploinsufficiency. Boston-type craniosynostosis involves an MSX2 C --> A transversion, resulting in a missense mutation Pro7His. Three different mutations on MSX2 cause parietal foramina by haploinsufficiency. These mutations, which result in decreased parietal ossification, are in marked contrast to the gain-of-function mutation for Boston-type craniosynostosis, which results in increased sutural ossification.
Structural Analysis of Sepiolite by Selected Area Electron Diffraction—Relations with Physico-Chemical Properties (1976)

Abstract The electron structural analysis of a Madagascar sepiolite (Ampandrandava) was carried out by selected area electron diffraction obtained from monocristals. Fourier projections, derived from the experimental intensity of Okl , hOl and hkO reflections, show that the Mg 2+ cations on the edges of the sheets are distributed between two sites. Correlatively the water molecules bound to these Mg 2+ occupy two distinct positions. These principal structural differences with the Brauner and Preisinger model explain details of the i.r. spectra during the desorption of water or the adsorption of polar molecules. The differences between the two models can be considered as a consequence of treating the mineral in vacuum.
Are we ready for the electronic finance revolution (1996)

Internet; Smart cards; Electronic funds transfers
Annotation: What do we know about sensory dysfunction in autism? A critical review of the empirical evidence (2005)

The use of different methods, the study of different sensory modalities, and the changing scientific standards across decades complicate interpretation of this body of work. We close with suggestions for future research in this area.
Experiments on the Effect of a Current of Electricity on the Magnetic Needle, 1820. (1820)

OERSTED, Hans Christian. Experiments on the Effect of a Current of Electricity on the Magnetic Needle.Annals of Philosophy 1820, vol. 16, p. 273-277
A compact frequency domain fluorometer with a directly modulated deuterium light source (1996)

A phase fluorometer based on a low-cost and versatile high-frequency modulated light source and a fast gain-modulated photomultiplier is described. The apparatus is particularly well-suited to high-sensitivity frequency-domain fluorescence measurements requiring ultraviolet excitation. The system is very compact since it features a directly modulated light source, a miniature photomultiplier tube, and an rf synthesizer on a PC board. Equipped with a suitable fiber optic probe sensor, the device has potential as a portable unit for a wide range of remote sensing applications. The lamp can be modulated at frequencies up to 120 MHz and the phase fluorometer has been tested at up to 70 MHz with a range of fluorescent lifetime standards containing quinine sulfate quenched with sodium chloride.
Joint Iterative Multi-Speaker Identification and Source Separation using Expectation Propagation (2007)

The identification of individuals by the sound of their voices, a fairly straightforward task for humans, has proven to be quite difficult to achieve in a robust way computationally. The majority of past work in speaker (talker) identification has focused on the single speaker case, but these systems are easily confounded by most real-world settings where multiple talkers may be overlapping or speaking simultaneously. To address this situation, we propose a system that jointly identifies and separates the acoustic features of multiple talkers that fall within a library of known individuals. This system uses the probabilistic framework of expectation propagation (EP) to iteratively determine model-based statistics of both speaker identity and feature separation. This research has applications in audio surveillance as well as the forensic analysis of real-world sound recordings that contain multiple simultaneous talkers. Robust speaker identification could also lead to improved interfaces for human-computer interaction.
Presence and role of stem cells in ovarian cancer (2019)

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecological malignancy. It is typically diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease, with metastatic sites disseminated widely within the abdominal cavity. Ovarian cancer treatment is challenging due to high disease recurrence and further complicated pursuant to acquired chemoresistance. Cancer stem cell (CSC) theory proposes that both tumor development and progression are driven by undifferentiated stem cells capable of self-renewal and tumor-initiation. The most recent evidence revealed that CSCs in terms of ovarian cancer are not only responsible for primary tumor growth, metastasis and relapse of disease, but also for the development of chemoresistance. As the elimination of this cell population is critical for increasing treatment success, a deeper understanding of ovarian CSCs pathobiology, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, signaling pathways and tumor microenvironment, is needed. Finally, before introducing new therapeutic agents for ovarian cancer, targeting CSCs, accurate identification of different ovarian stem cell subpopulations, including the very small embryonic-like stem cells suggested as progenitors, is necessary. To these ends, reliable markers of ovarian CSCs should be identified. In this review, we present the current knowledge and a critical discussion concerning ovarian CSCs and their clinical role.
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN AIR LIMBAH PEMUCAT INDUSTRI TENUN ATBM UNTUK MENURUNKAN J(EBUTUHAN OKSIGEN KIMIA WI (KOK) AIR LIMBAH PEW ARNAAN = (The Potency of Using Bleaching Wastewater to reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in D (2012)

Kegiatan tenun ATBM di Gamplong menghasilkan air limbah temtama dari proses pewamaan dan proses pemucatan. Bahan pewama mempakan senyawa komplek dan relatif stabil sehingga sulit ditangani. Proses oksidasi lanjut telah terbukti mampu menurunkan kadar bahan pewama dalam air limbah. Penelitian ini mempelajari potensi air limbah pemucatan untuk menurunkan kadar bahan pewarna dalam air limbah pewamaan. \nProses pencampuran air limbah pewama'dengan air limbah pemucatan dilakukan di dalam sebuah reaktor batch yang dilengkapi empat lampu UV masing-masing 10 Watt dan sebuah pengaduk magnit. Penurunan kadar zat wama dinyatakan dalam Kebutuhan Oksigen Kimiawi (KOK). Setiap jangka (interval) waktu tertentu, cuplikan air limbah sebanyak 2 mL diambil dari reaktor lalu dianalisis KOKnya. Rasio volume limbah pewamaan terhadap limbah pemucatan adalah 3:1,2:1, 1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin kecil nisbah limbah pewamaan dengan limbah pemucatan menghasilkan penurunan KOK semakin besar. Dengan volume limbah total 150 m, potensi oksidasi limbah pemucatan setara dengan sekitar 2 mL hidrogen peroksida 50% dalam 150 mL air limbah.\n\nTraditional weaving activities in Gamplong produce wastewater, mainly from dyeing and bleaching processes. Dyes are complex compounds and realtively stable which is difftcult to be managed. Advanced oxidation processes have proved to be able to decrease dyes content in the wastewater. The aim of this experiment is to study the potency of bleaching wastewater to reduce dyes content in dyeing wastewater.\nThe mixing process of those wastewater was conducted in a batch reactor which was equipped with 4 UV light of 10 Weach alld a magnetic stirrer. The mixing process was performed at ambient temperature and pressure. Dyes content in the wastewater was expressed in chemical oxygen demand (COD). Each run, total volume of wastewater of dyeing process or mixtures of dyeing process and bleaching process were 150 mL. At a certain time interval, 2 mL of treated wastewater was sucked up from the reactor, and then its COD content was analysed. The volume ratios of dyeing wastewater to bleaching wastewater investigated were 3:1, 2:1. 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The experiment results showed that the COD conversion increases with the decreases of the ratio of dyeing wastewater to bleaching wastewater. The more H2O2 addition to the dyeing wastewater, the more COD reduction is. For the ratio of dyeing wastewater to belaching wastwater I: I. the higher the H2O2 50% addition. the higher the reduction of COD is.
Calcium Channels in Excitable Cell Membranes (1983)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Fast Algorithms For MDCT And Low Delay Filterbanks Used In Audio Coding (2008)

Modern audio and speech coding systems use filterbank and transform coding\ntechniques to decorrelate the input signal. Cosine-modulated, perfect reconstruction,\npseudo-QMF filterbanks are most commonly used for this purpose. In this thesis, we\npresent three propositions. First, a fast algorithm for modified discrete cosine transform\n(MDCT) for transform lengths of the form 5× 2m and 15× 2m is presented. This\nalgorithm is based on mapping the MDCT to DCT-II via DCT-IV and using the\ninvolutory property of the DCT-IV matrix. This leads to a reduction in the number of\nmultiplications and constant memory requirement. The algorithm also uses very efficient DCT-II modules for transform lengths of 5 and 15 which are derived from the\nWinograd Fourier Transform Algorithm. Second, the newly introduced MPEG-4 AAC\nEnhanced Low Delay filterbanks are mapped to MDCT. The mapping involves just\ninput and output permutations, sign changes and additions. Since many fast algorithms\nexist for MDCT, this mapping essentially provides a fast algorithm for the new\nfilterbanks. Third, we present a radix-5 decomposition for DCT-II useful for MDCT of\nlength 5× 2m. This decomposition is useful for improving the precision of the fixedpoint\nimplementations of the algorithms. Complexity analysis is provided for all the\nalgorithms and comparisons are made with existing algorithms.
Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.): A Simple Protocol (1999)

Abstract A simple and reproducible Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation system was developed for sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) ‘KBSH-1’. The objective was to substantially eliminate the in vitro regeneration component from the transformation protocol. Two-d-old seedlings with one cotyledon detached were infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA 4404/pKIWI105 harbouring genes for β-glucuronidase (GUS) and neomycin phosphotransferase (NPT II). Following co-cultivation, seedlings were grown aseptically for 5 d on a growth regulator-free basal medium supplemented with 250 μg ml −1 cefotaxime (a bacteriostat used to control gram negative bacteria). Seedlings were screened for transient GUS expression and the shoot portions of the putative transformants were utilized for propagation as transgenic plants. The excised shoots that initiated roots following selection were subsequently transferred to a glasshouse. Molecular analysis of transgenic plants confirmed concordance between the presence of foreign genes and enzyme activity. The transformation regime facilitated rapid generation of up to 2% phenotypically normal fertile plants containing functional transgenes. The transmission and integration of the marker genes in the progeny is demonstrated.
“It is Easy to Say ‘Welcome’ But Hard to Say ‘Go Away’” (2002)

Abstract Moldova saw its first imprints at the end of the seventeenth century while under Ottoman Empire rule. Libraries were built a century later under Russian rule. Russia and the Soviet Union thus greatly shaped Moldovan libraries. This paper first discusses these historical influences and how they continue to affect Moldovan libraries. Today Moldova is an independent country and its libraries look outside of their borders for new ideas. Moldovan libraries and other institutions are inviting management experts from around the world to bring new ideas into Moldovan libraries, and Moldovan librarians are themselves traveling internationally to gather ideas. This paper, second, examines these foreign ideas and their impact on Moldovan libraries and librarians.