gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Projection OCT fundus imaging for visualising outer retinal pathology in non-exudative age-related macular degeneration (2008)

Projection OCT fundus imaging facilities rapid interpretation of large 3D-OCT data sets. Projection OCT enhances contrast and visualises outer retinal pathology not visible with standard fundus imaging or OCT fundus imaging. Projection OCT fundus images enable registration with standard ophthalmic diagnostics and cross-sectional OCT images. Outer retinal alterations can be assessed and drusen morphology, photoreceptor impairment and pigmentary abnormalities identified.
(<i>N</i>‐heterocyclic carbene)‐Pd catalyzed synthesis of poly(triarylamine)s by Buchwald‐Hartwig coupling of aryl chlorides (2012)

The use of an air and moisture stable, commercially available (N-heterocyclic carbene)-Pd complex as precatalyst allows for the unprecedented Buchwald-Hartwig polyamination of aryl chlorides with primary amines. Different approaches for the end-capping of the polymers have also been evaluated. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Enantioselective Aldol Reaction of Tetrasubstituted Ketene Silyl Acetals with Achiral Aldehydes for the Construction of Asymmetric Tertiary Alcohols: An Application for the Divergent Total Syntheses of Buergerinins F and G (2009)

The asymmetric aldol reaction of heteroatom-substituted ketene silyl acetals with achiral aldehydes has been developed by the promotion of tin(II) triflate coordinated with a chiral diamine to afford the corresponding aldols having chiral tertiary alcohols at the α-positions. This reaction has been successfully applied to the construction of the basic skeletons of buergerinins F and G starting from achiral materials. (+)-Buergerinin G, a potentially antiphlogistic and febrifuge agent having a unique trioxatricyclo[5.3.1.0¹,5]undecane skeleton, is stereoselectively prepared by means of the enantioselective aldol reactions via ten linear steps from crotonaldehyde in 18% overall yield including an effective intramolecular Wacker-type ketalization of the dihydroxy-γ-lactone as a key step. In addition to the former establishment for the synthesis of (+)-buergerinin F, effective divergent methods for the preparation of buergerinins F and G were developed through a unified optically active aldol-type intermediate, which was generated from the tetrasubstituted ketene silyl acetal with crotonaldehyde by the asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction.
High-fidelity PWM inverter for audio amplification based on real-time DSP (2002)

A complete digital audio amplifier has been developed, implemented and tested. It makes use of digital signal processing and a switching power stage to provide both high fidelity and high efficiency. It includes innovative signal processing and hardware techniques. It delivers 51 W into an 8-/spl Omega/ load with an efficiency of 82% and a total harmonic distortion plus noise of 0.022%.
Fabrication of multi-core structures in optical fibers using plasma self-channeling excited by a femtosecond laser (2002)

Fabrication of multi-core structures with bulk refractive index modification in optical fibers was first demonstrated by the scanning of plasma self-channeling using a femtosecond (110 fs) laser (/spl lambda//sub p/ = 790 nm). Plasma self-channeling is an intensity-dependent nonlinear phenomenon, in which a laser beam is tightly focused and guided for the distance longer than the Rayleigh range. It is attributed to self-focusing due to the intensity-dependent refractive index change and to self-defocusing by the laser-induced plasma. The fabrication method of the multi-core structure in optical fibers can be a useful tool for a variety of applications such as photonic crystal fibers and micro-waveguides in the fields of optical communication and optical sensors.
Atomic structures of low-complexity protein segments reveal kinked β sheets that assemble networks (2018)

Subcellular membraneless assemblies are a reinvigorated area of study in biology, with spirited scientific discussions on the forces between the low-complexity protein domains within these assemblies. To illuminate these forces, we determined the atomic structures of five segments from protein low-complexity domains associated with membraneless assemblies. Their common structural feature is the stacking of segments into kinked β sheets that pair into protofilaments. Unlike steric zippers of amyloid fibrils, the kinked sheets interact weakly through polar atoms and aromatic side chains. By computationally threading the human proteome on our kinked structures, we identified hundreds of low-complexity segments potentially capable of forming such interactions. These segments are found in proteins as diverse as RNA binders, nuclear pore proteins, and keratins, which are known to form networks and localize to membraneless assemblies.
The microbiome affects liver sphingolipids and plasma fatty acids in a murine model of the Western diet based on soybean oil (2020)

Abstract Studies in mice using germfree animals as controls for microbial colonization have shown that the gut microbiome mediates diet-induced obesity. Such studies use diets rich in saturated fat, however, Western diets in the USA are enriched in soybean oil, composed of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs), either linoleic or oleic acid. Here we addressed whether the microbiome is a variable in fat metabolism in mice on a soybean oil diet. We used conventionally-raised, low-germ, and germfree mice fed for 10 weeks diets either high (HF) or low (LF) in high-linoleic-acid soybean oil as the sole source of fat. All mice, including germfree, gained relative fat weight and consumed more calories on the HF versus LF soybean oil diet. Plasma fatty acid levels were generally dependent on diet, with microbial colonization status affecting iso -C18:0, C20:3n-6, C14:0, and C15:0 levels. Colonization status, but not diet, impacted levels of liver sphingolipids including ceramides, sphingomyelins, and sphinganine. Our results confirm that absorbed fatty acids are mainly a reflection of the diet, and show that microbial colonization influences liver sphingolipid pools.
The Human Genome Project: Implications for the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Disease (1998)

The ultimate goal of the Human Genome Project is the determination of the molecular sequence of the entire human chromosomal complement. Realization of this goal will include characterization of all the genes that cause or predispose to disease, which will most certainly lead to the development of powerful new tools for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment in all medical fields, including orthopaedics. The authors review the fundamentals of human genetics and gene mapping, summarize the progress of the Human Genome Project thus far, and discuss the implications of this research as it relates to the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases.
Alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)-Catalyzed, Eco-Friendly, and Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of 2-Arylbenzothiazoles and 2-Arylbenzoxazole in Aqueous Medium (2008)

Alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) performs as a novel catalyst for the synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles and 2-arylbenzoxazole from o-aminothiophenol and o-aminophenol with various substituted aldehydes in good to excellent isolated yields (85–95%) using water as a solvent at ambient temperature. Several solvents were examined for this reaction; however, in terms of reaction yield and time, water was found to be the optimum solvent. The remarkable advantages offered by this method are an inexpensive and easily available catalyst, a simple procedure, mild conditions, much faster (60–90 min) reactions, and good to excellent yields of products.
Conformation in solution of tetraaryl‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]‐nonanes and tetra‐ and pentaaryl‐1,3‐diazaadamantanes. A nuclear magnetic resonance study (1982)

Abstract The proton NMR spectra of a series of tetraaryl‐3,7‐diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, 5 – 12 , have been assigned with the aid of nuclear Overhauser difference spectroscopy. The NOE's together with spin lattice relaxation times have been used to show that these molecules adopt the chair‐boat conformation with all aryl groups being equatorial. This conformation and the torsional angles of the aryl groups are similar to those found in the solid state. Analogous studies have been carried out with tetra‐ and pentaaryl‐1,3‐diazaadamantanes, 3 , 4 , 13 , and 14 . A surprisingly low barrier of rotation ( 4b : δ G = 42 kJ. mol −1 ) has been found for the two 1,3‐diaxially oriented aryl groups in these systems. Carbon‐13 chemical shift data are reported for the above compounds. Those of the 3,7‐diazabicyclononanes 5 – 12 are found to be consistent with the proposed chair‐boat conformation. Nitrogen‐15 chemical shift data and 13 C‐ 15 N coupling constants are also in accord with this conformation. A stereoselective reduction of 4,8,9,10‐tetrakis(3,5‐dimethylphenyl)‐1,3‐diaza‐6‐adamantanone ( 4b ) to the corresponding alcohol 15 and the ready acidcatalyzed rearrangement of this alcohol to 16 , the first example of the 9‐oxa‐1,5‐diazatricyclo‐[5.3.1.0 3,8 ]undecane ring system, is described.
Experimental widths of Kα x-ray lines in solid-state 3d elements (1998)

Using a high-resolution x-ray crystal diffraction spectrometer, x-ray line widths of the Kα1,2 lines of Fe, Co, Ni and Cu were analysed. Thereby, an evolutionary strategy was used for spectrum deconvolution to determine the life-time governed contributions to the line widths. On this basis, L2–L3X Coster–Kronig widths are calculated and assumptions about the energetics of radiationless transitions are derived. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of pediatric intensive care—application of the Therapeutic Intensive Scoring System (1982)

There are few reports analyzing the results of intensive care for children. We evaluated quantitatively the amount of care required in our multidisciplinary pediatric ICU using the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (TISS) and assessed qualitatively the severity of illness using the Clinical Classification System (CCS). Over a 6-month period, there were 323 patients (99 CCS Class II, 83 Class III, 141 Class IV) whose overall mortality at 1-month follow-up was 10% (Class II, 0%; Class III 2%; Class IV, 23%). A strong association was obtained between CCS and TISS admission scores (Class II-TISS, 11 +/- 0.6; Class III-TISS, 20 +/- 0.8; Class IV-TISS, 38 +/- 1.0). Class IV patients had a highly significant difference between survivors (S) and nonsurvivors (NS) for admission TISS (S = 36, NS = 47, p less than 0.001) and highest TISS (S = 38, NS = 54, p less than 0.001), as well as slopes of the regression of TISS points versus days of care (S = -4.2 vs. NS = +2.3). The mortality of our Class IV patients was lower than a comparable adult population with similar TISS scores; however, the TISS regression slopes for Class IV patients were similar. We conclude that CCS and TISS are both useful for describing the pediatric intensive care patient population. TISS is particularly helpful in assessing the amount of care received as well as providing a means of evaluating severity of illness.
GLUT4 activation: thoughts on possible mechanisms (2003)

A family of facilitative glucose transporters or GLUTs mediates glucose uptake by cells and tissues. The glucose transporter isoform GLUT4, which is the predominant isoform expressed in mature muscle and fat tissues, is primarily responsible for the increase in glucose uptake in response to insulin stimulation. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that there are two divergent responses initiated by insulin stimulation. The first response involves the recruitment of GLUT4 transporters from intracellular reserves and their subsequent insertion into the plasma membrane. The second pathway results in an increase in the intrinsic activity of the transporters. This review will discuss evidence supporting the divergence of the two pathways regulating glucose uptake and, in particular, evidence for the increased intrinsic activity of GLUT4 in response to insulin stimulation. Inhibitors of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) affected only the arm leading to the insulin-stimulated activation of GLUT4. This implicates p38 MAPK involvement in the regulation of this pathway. There is further evidence that p38 MAPK is itself recruited to the plasma membrane. The role of the phosphorylation state of the glucose transporter in response to insulin stimulation has been studied and indicates that, contrary to what might be predicted, there is actually a decrease in its phosphorylation at the plasma membrane in response to insulin. The relationship of this change to glucose uptake remains to be established. Other possible mechanisms regulating GLUT4 activity include binding of (+) or (-) modulators of its function.
Magic‐angle spinning <sup>31</sup>P NMR spectroscopy of condensed phosphates in parasitic protozoa: visualizing the invisible (2002)

We report the results of a solid-state (31)P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic investigation of the acidocalcisome organelles from Trypanosoma brucei (bloodstream form), Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania major (insect forms). The spectra are characterized by a broad envelope of spinning sidebands having isotropic chemical shifts at approximately 0, -7 and -21 ppm. These resonances are assigned to orthophosphate, terminal (alpha) phosphates of polyphosphates and bridging (beta) phosphates of polyphosphates, respectively. The average polyphosphate chain length is approximately 3.3 phosphates. Similar results were obtained with whole L. major promastigotes. (31)P NMR spectra of living L. major promastigotes recorded under conventional solution NMR conditions had spectral intensities reduced with respect to solution-state NMR spectra of acid extracts, consistent with the invisibility of the solid-state phosphates. These results show that all three parasites contain large stores of condensed phosphates which can be visualized by using magic-angle spinning NMR techniques.
A general framework for prefetch scheduling in linked data structures and its application to multi-chain prefetching (2004)

Pointer-chasing applications tend to traverse composite data structures consisting of multiple independent pointer chains. While the traversal of any single pointer chain leads to the serialization of memory operations, the traversal of independent pointer chains provides a source of memory parallelism. This article investigates exploiting such interchain memory parallelism for the purpose of memory latency tolerance, using a technique called multi--chain prefetching . Previous works [Roth et al. 1998;Roth and Sohi 1999] have proposed prefetching simple pointer-based structures in a multi--chain fashion. However, our work enables multi--chain prefetching for arbitrary data structures composed of lists, trees, and arrays.This article makes five contributions in the context of multi--chain prefetching. First, we introduce a framework for compactly describing linked data structure (LDS) traversals, providing the data layout and traversal code work information necessary for prefetching. Second, we present an off-line scheduling algorithm for computing a prefetch schedule from the LDS descriptors that overlaps serialized cache misses across separate pointer-chain traversals. Our analysis focuses on static traversals. We also propose using speculation to identify independent pointer chains in dynamic traversals. Third, we propose a hardware prefetch engine that traverses pointer-based data structures and overlaps multiple pointer chains according to the computed prefetch schedule. Fourth, we present a compiler that extracts LDS descriptors via static analysis of the application source code, thus automating multi--chain prefetching. Finally, we conduct an experimental evaluation of compiler-instrumented multi--chain prefetching and compare it against jump pointer prefetching [Luk and Mowry 1996], prefetch arrays [Karlsson et al. 2000], and predictor-directed stream buffers (PSB) [Sherwood et al. 2000].Our results show compiler-instrumented multi--chain prefetching improves execution time by 40% across six pointer-chasing kernels from the Olden benchmark suite [Rogers et al. 1995], and by 3% across four SPECint2000 benchmarks. Compared to jump pointer prefetching and prefetch arrays, multi--chain prefetching achieves 34% and 11% higher performance for the selected Olden and SPECint2000 benchmarks, respectively. Compared to PSB, multi--chain prefetching achieves 27% higher performance for the selected Olden benchmarks, but PSB outperforms multi--chain prefetching by 0.2% for the selected SPECint2000 benchmarks. An ideal PSB with an infinite Markov predictor achieves comparable performance to multi--chain prefetching, coming within 6% across all benchmarks. Finally, speculation can enable multi--chain prefetching for some dynamic traversal codes, but our technique loses its effectiveness when the pointer-chain traversal order is highly dynamic.
Regio- and stereoselective ring-opening of chiral 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one derivatives by organocopper reagents provides novel access to di-, tri- and tetra-substituted alkene dipeptide isosteresElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: synthetic procedures and characterization for 4a,b, 5a,b, 7b, 8a,b, 9a,b, 10b, 11a,b, 12b,c, 13b, 14a,b, 15, 16a,b, 17a,b, 18, 19b, 20b. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/p1/b2/b203482d/ (2002)

Organocopper-mediated alkylation of β-( N-Boc-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)-α,β-enoates has been intensively investigated. Alkylation proceeded regio- and stereoselectively by anti- SN2′ ring-opening to provide a new route to the synthesis of ψ[( E)-CHCH]-, ψ[( E)-CMeCH]- and ψ[( E)-CMeCMe]- type alkene dipeptide isosteres from chiral amino acid derivatives. These resulting agents are potential mimetics of type II and type II′ β-turn substructure.
Hematopathology Approaches to Diagnosis and Prognosis of Indolent B-Cell Lymphomas (2005)

The advent of new technologies has contributed to improvements in the diagnosis and classification of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). Use of a more extensive test menu of paraffin active monoclonal antibodies for immunohistochemistry, molecular cytogenetic studies including standard cytogenetics, multi-color fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction and locus-specific FISH, as well as developments in high-resolution techniques including microarray gene expression profiling and array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) allow more accurate diagnosis and precise definition of biomarkers of value in risk stratification. The identification of disease-specific gene lists resulting from expression profiling provides a number of potential protein targets that can be validated using immunohistochemistry. We will highlight how improvements in our understanding of lymphoma biology rapidly facilitate the development of new diagnostic reagents that could be used to alter clinical practice. These changing trends allow the development of new diagnostic strategies used to render accurate sub-classification of entities within the category of indolent B-cell lymphomas, including their distinction from related but more aggressive disorders, such as mantle cell lymphoma. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of these distinct lymphoid tumors will allow us to identify novel disease-related genes and should facilitate the development of improved diagnostics, outcome prediction, and personalized approaches to treatment.
Priming of human monocytes for enhanced lipopolysaccharide responses: expression of alpha interferon, interferon regulatory factors, and tumor necrosis factor (1993)

Culture of human monocytes with either granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) results in a primed state, during which these cells express heightened responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The production of IFN-alpha in response to LPS by human monocytes has an absolute requirement for priming. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression is also greatly enhanced in primed monocytes after LPS stimulation, but unlike IFN-alpha, TNF is readily expressed in unprimed monocytes as well. In an effort to determine the molecular events associated with IFN-alpha induction in this system, freshly isolated human monocytes were primed by culture with either IFN-gamma or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and then treated with LPS; expression of IFN-alpha subtype 2 (IFN-alpha 2), IFN regulatory factors (IRFs), and TNF was assessed by Northern (RNA blot) analysis. IRF-1 mRNA is expressed at high levels in monocytes and is regulated by both LPS and priming cytokines, but its expression alone does not correlate with the induction of IFN-alpha 2 expression. IRF-2 mRNA is expressed in a more gradual manner following LPS stimulation, implying a possible feedback mechanism for inhibiting IFN-alpha expression. However, nuclear run-on analysis indicates that IFN-alpha 2 is not transcriptionally modulated in this system, in striking contrast to TNF, which is clearly regulated at the transcriptional level. In addition, IFN-alpha 2 mRNA accumulation is superinduced when primed monocytes are treated with LPS plus cycloheximide, while TNF mRNA is relatively unaffected. The results demonstrate that priming can affect subsequent LPS-induced gene expression at different levels in human monocytes.
Prärenales Nierenversagen bei Typ-1-Diabetes mellitus (2003)

In patients with type 1 diabetes, especially in combination with associated organ-specific autoimmune diseases, autoimmune polyglandular syndrome should be considered and adequately treated with those hormones that are reduced.
Modiﬁed Pcr Rules Of Combination With Degrees Of Intersections (2015)

In this paper, we propose a modiﬁcation of PCR5 and PCR6 fusion rules with degrees of intersections for taking into account the cardinality of focal elements of each source of evidence to combine. We show in very simple examples the interest of these new fusion rules w.r.t. classical Dempster-Shafer, PCR6, Zhang’s and Jaccard’s Center rules of combination.
Stepwise dehydrogenation of a ruthenium(III) hexaamine cage complex to a hexaimine ruthenium(II) complex via ruthenium(IV) intermediates (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStepwise dehydrogenation of a ruthenium(III) hexaamine cage complex to a hexaimine ruthenium(II) complex via ruthenium(IV) intermediatesPaul Bernhard and Alan M. SargesonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2, 597–606Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00184a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00184a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts