gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone structure and calcium metabolism in obese Zucker rats. (1992)

Obesity is associated with altered bone mass. However, reports on bone status in obesity are inconsistent. Increased or normal bone mass was reported in obese adults but decreased bone mineral content was described in obese children. Therefore we evaluated the obese fa/fa rat as a possible model to assist in studies of bone metabolism in obesity. Obese and lean 14-week-old male rats underwent 24 h balance studies for calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Plasma calcium, magnesium, phosphate, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, urinary cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and femur bone histomorphometry were also analysed. Obese rats were heavier and had higher plasma insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides levels (P less than 0.05). A comparable positive balance for calcium, magnesium and phosphate was found in obese and lean rats. Total plasma calcium was higher in the obese, but albumin corrected calcium and plasma magnesium, phosphate and glucose were similar to the lean. In contrast to human obesity, obese rats were hypercalciuric, hypermagnisuric and hyperphosphaturic (P less than 0.05). iPTH and urinary cAMP were higher in the obese. Femora of fa/fa rats were shorter and lighter. Their bone osteoid surface and bone calcium content were similar to controls. Femora metaphysis in the obese had increased number of trabeculae, decreased trabecular width and higher erosion surface/bone surface ratio. Their diaphysis had increased cortical area/bone area and cortical width/bone width ratios and decreased medullary area. In summary, obese rats have higher iPTH, are hypercalciuric and have decreased bone mass. These last two observations differ from what is described in adult human obesity. Therefore, the obese fa/fa rat is of limited assistance in studies of bone status in adult human obesity. It might be of help in studies of bone metabolism in juvenile obesity.
Microstructure and dynamics of a mesogenic diol (1990)

Abstract A number of techniques have been used to elucidate the structure and dynamics of 4,4′-bis(6-hydroxyhexyloxy)biphenyl (BHHBP) in its various phases. X-ray diffraction studies indicate that the molecules pack in a crystalline phase which melts to produce a highly ordered smectic/disordered crystal mesophase. Based on molecular models and the infrared results, the all trans conformation requires a 45°–55° tilt of the molecules in the smectic layers. Infrared spectroscopic results indicate that a predominantly trans chain conformation and hydrogen bonding of the layered crystal structure persists through the mesophase. Additionally, rotational freedom about the biphenyl linkage appears to occur only in the isotropic phase. NMR data indicate that the alkoxy chain is at or near co-planarity with the respect to the phenyl ring in the crystalline phase, with reorientational motion of the biphenyl group becoming allowed in the mesophase in the form of rapid (τc ∼ 3 μs at 100°C) small angle liberations and, perhaps, slower (τc ∼ 0·5 ms at 100°C) 180° ring flips. The alkyl chains exhibit a progressive increase in mobility with distance from the biphenyl core and achieve considerable mobility at the hydroxy end of the chain despite the fact that hydrogen bonding still occurs in the mesophase.
Broadcast Capacity Region of Two-Phase (2008)

In a three-node network bidirectional communication be- tween two nodes can be enabled by a half-duplex relay node with a decode-and-forward protocol. In the first phase, the messages of two nodes are transmitted to the relay node. In the second phase a re-encoded composition is broadcasted by the relay node. In this work the capacity region of the broadcast phase in terms of the maximal probability of error is determined. It is characterized by the mutual informations of the separate channels coupled by the common input.
INDUCTION OF PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY IN CHICKENS IMMUNISED WITH PLASMID DNA ENCODING INFECTIOUS BURSAL DISEASE VIRUS ANTIGENS (1999)

Direct DNA inoculations were used to determine the efficacy of gene immunisation of chickens to elicit protective immune responses against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). The vp2 gene of IBDV strains GP40 and D78, and the vp2-vp4-vp3 encoding segment of strain D78 were cloned in an expression vector which consisted of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early enhancer and promoter, adenovirus tripartite leader sequences and SV40 polyadenylation signal. For purification of vaccine-quality plasmid DNA from E. coli, an effective method was developed. Chickens were vaccinated by inoculation of DNA by two routes (intramuscular and intraperitoneal). Two weeks later, chickens were boosted with DNA, and at 2 weeks post-boost, they were challenged with virulent IBDV strain. Low to undetectable levels of IBDV-specific antibodies and no protection were observed with DNA encoding VP2. However, plasmids encoding VP2-VP4-VP3 induced IBDV-specific antibodies and protection in the chickens. DNA immunisation opens a new approach to the development of gene vaccines for chickens against infectious diseases.
Transient phenomena in closed electron drift plasma thrusters: insights obtained in a French cooperative program (2001)

This paper presents some aspects of the research developed in the frame of a coordinated program launched in France in 1996 and devoted to plasma thrusters for space technologies. Relevant results of physical studies have been selected from the literature with the addition of recent original results. The thrusters within the scope of this research are diagnostic equipped versions of industrial realizations, in a thrust level range of 0.1 N and electrical power 1.5 kW. The optical and electrical diagnostics concern studies of the thruster plasma and of the thruster plume. Transient phenomena in these two regions, related to discharge current fluctuations or oscillations on a typical time scale of 40 µs, have been space-time characterized. This has been achieved by developing a large panel of diagnostics including RFEA, Langmuir probes, OES, fast camera imaging and electron drift Hall current probe. They lead to a coherent representation of these phenomena , in rather good qualitative agreement with 1D modelling. But they emphasize also the importance of 2D effects. Insights obtained through combined LIF (on Xe+ ions) and OES diagnostics are also presented. They concern the ionization-acceleration region in the thruster plasma, where intrusive diagnostics are disturbing in nature, and open a new step for a significant improvement of the detailed understanding of these thrusters. Such improvements are required when looking at the final goal of a predicable modelling simulation able to help the design of optimized structures at various thrust levels, in spite of the important work devoted to these devices in the former USSR and by Russian teams in Moscow at the MIREA, MAI-RIAME and KOURCHATOV Institutes.
Adipose tissue dynamics during cyclic weight loss and weight gain of ground squirrels (1989)

Ad libitum fed golden-mantled ground squirrels undergo marked annual fluctuations in body mass; during the first cycle, peak and trough masses were approximately 291 and approximately 192 g, respectively. Peak masses were significantly higher (9%) during the second than the first cycle, reflecting a 15% increase in fat-free dry mass and a 12% increase in lipid reserves. The reduction in body mass during the weight loss phase was almost entirely due to an 84% decrease in total lipid reserves and reflected a decrease in adipocyte size but not number. All measured fat depots decreased at similar rates, and there was no evidence of preferential utilization or sparing of individual depots. Fat cell size decreased progressively in each depot during the transition from peak to trough masses and did not vary among the several depots at any stage of annual cycle. Adipocyte number increased in parametrial and retroperitoneal depots but not in the subcutaneous fat between the first and second body mass peaks; fat cell size in these two depots decreased by 28 and 20%, respectively, from the first to the second peak in body mass. Reduced lipid filling of adipocytes at the second peak mass, concomitant with adipocyte hyperplasia, suggests that total lipid mass, not simply fat cell size, is regulated during the annual body mass cycle. Maturation of the subcutaneous fat depot before the initial entry into hibernation may be adaptive in providing insulation during dormancy.
Laparoscopic re-operation from gastro-oesophageal reflux. (1997)

Since 1994 until the present day, we have had to surgically re-operate in five cases of failure with laparoscopic operations aimed at correcting gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Two of these cases came from our own patients and three came under our observation from other centers. We applied fundoplication according to Nissen-Rossetti in three cases and the Rossetti-Hell operation in the other cases. One case involved recurrent gastro-oesophageal reflux with a short oesophagus and fundoplication raised into the mediastinum. In one other case, there was recurrent hiatal herniation with a rotary as well as axial component and consequent mediastinal occupation. The other three cases featured persistent post-operative dysphagia caused, in one case, by an error in the creation of the anti-reflux valve (perigastric cuff) and, in the other two, by erroneous choice of the anti-reflux operation: post-operative manometry showed important oesophageal hypo-dyskinesia which should have indicated partial fundoplication. All the patients underwent laparoscopic exploration. The patient with the short oesophagus had to be converted for the performance of a total duodenal diversion, while the remaining four patients underwent a total laparoscopic operation. The patient with recurrent hiatal hernia had the hernia reduced in the abdomen and combined anterior and posterior hiatoplasty. In another three cases, total fundoplication was transformed into partial fundoplication according to Toupet. The post-operative course and clinical results were excellent in all five patients. Stress is placed on the importance of accurate morphological and functional assessment of the oesophagus in the pre-operative stage so as to select the most suitable operation and in the post-operative stage in order to evaluate the causes of failure, the advantages of laparoscopy in terms of exposure of the operative field, the importance of certain technical details that optimize the results of the operation, and the efficacy of the laparoscopic approach also for the correction of most failures that demand re-operation.
Analysis of Raman scattering from two-phonon bound states (1974)

The possible formation of a bound state of two phonons by repulsive anharmonic coupling has been previously discussed in terms of a simple model Hamiltonian. These theoretical efforts yield a reasonable estimate for the bound-state energy, and provide a physical interpretation for the observed anomalous peak in the two-phonon Raman spectrum of diamond. In the present paper we consider the Raman intensity attributed to scattering from two-phonon bound states. The present theory is based on a two-phonon deformation-potential approach. The calculated intensity for diamond is in good agreement with available experimental data and thus provides further evidence for the existence of bound phonon pairs.
Alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystals over CMOS-based microdisplay backplanes (2000)

Defect free homogeneous alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystals in the surface stabilized configuration remains challenging to obtain even over the relatively small area of liquid crystal on silicon microdisplays. The limitations of the conventional rubbed polymer alignment technique are discussed and the benefits brought by recent advances in backplane post-processing are demonstrated in realistic conditions. The potential of the linearly photopolymerized photoalignment technique are highlighted in terms of alignment quality, susceptibility to zigzag defects, and electro-optical performances.
Precision of Mass Spectrometer Analyses of Carbureted Water Gas (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrecision of Mass Spectrometer Analyses of Carbureted Water GasWilliam. VolkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 11, 1771–1774Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60095a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60095a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Instrumentation for Engine Combustion Studies (1956)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A NEW research tool, the crank angle-time recorder, is described. This instrument conveniently obtains a permanent record of the time at which various combustion phenomena occur in the engine cycle. Use of the recorder in studies of normal and abnormal combustion (deposit-ignited surface ignition) has provided information of interest to both engine designer and petroleum refiner.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Studies include determinations of those deposit-ignited flame fronts which result in knock, effect of fuel antiknock quality and additives on surface ignition, and resistance of fuels to surface ignition. The records obtained show that considerable variability exists in the time at which normal flame fronts arrive at an ionization gap. Some factors affecting magnitude of this variability are ignition timing, fuel-air ratio, engine throttling, changes in manifolding, and fuel type.</div></div>
APPARIEMENT DES PICS SPECTRAUX ET RÈGLES POUR LA SYNTHÈSE DE LA PAROLE PAR CONCATÉNATION DE DIPHONES (1990)

Pas de Résumé disponible
Anti-Free Prostate-specific Antigen Monoclonal Antibody Epitopes Defined by Mimotopes and Molecular Modeling (1999)

These epitope localizations are in agreement with the ability of both mAbs to inhibit enzymatic activity and ACT fixation. The results presented here could bring information for the generation of clinically relevant PSA assays.
Influence of holding time on particle size of an A356 alloy using the new Rapid Slurry Forming process (2006)

Influence of holding time on particle size of an A356 alloy using the new Rapid Slurry Forming process
The shiverer mouse mutation shi/shi: rescue and preimplantation detection (1991)

The shiverer mouse mutation has been used as a model in this series of experiments. Germ-line therapy of this disorder has been demonstrated by producing mice transgenic for the wild-type gene for myelin basic protein (MBP). The mutation has also been diagnosed in preimplantation mouse blastocysts.
Neptunium and plutonium sorption to Snake River Plain, Idaho soil (2003)

Summary The behavior of Np and Pu on soil collected from the subsurface disposal area at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory was investigated by performing short-duration, sorption experiments to measure sorption isotherms. Neptunium sorption can be described with a Freundlich isotherm; however, Pu sorption can only be described in this fashion as a conservative estimate of minimum sorption. Geochemical modeling predictions suggest that initial sorption of Np is controlled predominantly by surface complexation on clay minerals, while Pu is controlled by a competition between complexation with iron oxyhydroxides and the precipitation of hydrolysis products. Longer-term sorption is governed by the transformation of these species to oxide minerals. Solution ionic strength and carbonate alkalinity did not significantly affect Np or Pu soil sorption.
Dupilumab Treatment Provides Sustained Improvements Over 2 Years in Symptoms and Quality of Life in Adults with Atopic Dermatitis (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01949311. Supplementary material 1 (MP4 552250 kb).
Usefulness of Transonic Model Static Data in Predicting Flight Abrupt-Wng-Stall (2004)

An approach is provided to answer the question of whether one can rely solely on static data taken during a transonic model test to provide the certainty needed that a new aircraft will or will not have abrupt wing stall (AWS) events during its flight operations. By the comparison of traditional static figures of merit (FOMs) with the free-to-roll (FTR) response data, a rational basis for assessing the merits of using standard testing techniques for the prediction of AWS events has been established. With use of the FTR response data as a standard, because these results compare well with flight, it is concluded that traditional FOMs can not be trusted to provide an indication as to whether a configuration will or will not have AWS tendencies. Even though these FOMs may flag features that have a high degree of correlation with the FTR response data, there are as many or more of these FOM flagged features that do not correlate. Thus, one needs to use the FTR rig to assess AWS tendencies on new configurations.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Lateral Tibial Plateau Fractures: A Simple Technique (2006)

We present a new technique for arthroscopic-assisted fluoroscopic treatment of external tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker type I, II, III), using custom-made instrumentation. The instrument includes 4 basic elements: 2 cutting guides, a hollow trephine cutter with a saw-toothed tip, and a bone plunger. The lateral plateau is restored from the opposite side. An anteromedial rectangular cortical window in the proximal diaphysis of the tibia is created using the cutting guides. To achieve the reduction, the hollow trephine cutter is introduced into the opening created. The bone plunger is inserted into the hollow trephine cutter until resistance is felt. At this point the cancellous bone is compacted by applying force onto the plunger with the hammer so as to obtain a strong compact bone carrot. The plunger then pushes it under the depressed area, filling it out and pushing it upward, creating an indirect reduction. The arthroscopy comes into play estimating the precise anatomic reduction of the articular surface of the tibia. No graft is necessary and cannulated lag screws fix and strengthen the reduction. This new technique is reproducible, easy, less invasive than others, and ensures a stable cartilage and subchondral support without the need for grafts.
Characteristics of Fast Surface States Associated with SiO[sub 2]-Si and Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]-SiO[sub 2]-Si Structures (1969)

Characteristics of fast surface states located at the interface of thermally oxidized silicon structures (MOS) and structures incorporating vapor‐deposited silicon nitride films over thermally oxidized silicon (MNOS) have been investigated. Effects of oxidation and annealing conditions on the formation or reduction of fast surface states, using MOS capacitance‐voltage curves, are first discussed. The effects of silicon nitride layers over thermal oxides on the electrical properties of MNOS structures are next presented, with emphasis being placed on the ability of the nitride to prevent or mask the annihilation of fast states which normally occurs during an anneal in dry N2 at 500°–565°C for 2–5 min after aluminum deposition. Such variables as deposition ambient, flow rate, high temperature anneals, nitride structure, and reactant type are shown to affect the masking ability of the nitride. These results, along with special experiments, help to confirm the postulate that some active species of hydrogen plays an important part in the elimination of fast surface states in MOS and MNOS structures.
L-Asparaginase form Proteus vulgaris. Purification, crystallization, and enzymic properties (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTL-Asparaginase form Proteus vulgaris. Purification, crystallization, and enzymic propertiesTetsuya Tosa, Ryujiro Sano, Kozo Yamamoto, Masatoshi Nakamura, and Ichiro ChibataCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 2, 217–222Publication Date (Print):January 18, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00752a012https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00752a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF FREE-FALL LIFEBOAT LAUNCH BEHAVIOUR (1991)

The free-fall lifeboat was developed to reduce the risk of injury during evacuation in a maritime emergency. Through model and full-scale tests, much has been learned about the behaviour of these lifeboats. These tests, however, are expensive to conduct and the complete behaviour of the boat is sometimes difficult to discern. A mathematical model can be used to quantitatively evaluate the kinematics of a free-fall launch and to provide a basis for interpreting the results of experimental studies. Presented in this paper is the development of a mathematical model that can be used to predict the launch behaviour of free-fall lifeboats from the time the boat is released until it is in the water. Through comparison with full-scale test data, this model is shown to provide a reasonable prediction of the launch behaviour of free-fall lifeboats.