gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibody response of two populations of common carp, <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> L., exposed to koi herpesvirus (2009)

Common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., exposed to koi herpesvirus (KHV) may become persistently infected and populations containing such virus-infected individuals may transmit the virus to other fish when co-habited. Detection of virus-infected fish in a population is thus critical to surveillance and control programmes for KHV. A study was therefore designed to detect anti-KHV serum antibodies, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in common carp following experimental exposures to KHV under varying environmental conditions. The study determined that a proportion of fish within a population experimentally exposed to KHV (at least 10-25%) develop high antibody titres (1/1600 or greater) to the virus, and this immunological response was detectable for several months (observed at the termination of the experiments at 65, 46 and 27 weeks post-exposure). Furthermore, this response was detected in one population of fish that did not succumb to a high level of mortality when maintained at water temperatures that were non-permissive for KHV. Elevating the water temperatures to permissive conditions for KHV resulted in recurrence of disease despite the presence of anti-virus antibodies, suggesting that serum antibodies alone are not protective under the conditions of our trials.
Potential of Müller glia to become neurogenic retinal progenitor cells (2003)

The possibility of neural regeneration has gained credence with the identification of neural stem cells seeded within different regions of the adult central nervous system (CNS). Recently, this possibility has received an additional boost from reports that glia, the support cells of the CNS, might provide a source of neural regeneration. We review some of our findings that Müller glia in the chicken retina are a source of proliferating progenitors that can generate neurons. These Müller cells are fully differentiated glial cells that serve functions ascribed to this cell type. In response to damage or exogenous growth factors, Müller glia dedifferentiate, proliferate, express combinations of transcription factors normally expressed by embryonic retinal progenitors, and produce new neurons and glia. In light of these data, the potential of Müller glia as a source of neural regeneration in the retina of nonavian species, namely humans, seems an avenue of investigation that warrants serious consideration.
Written information may not improve factual recall after verbal counseling of mothers in premature labor – a randomized controlled trial (2016)

Background: Prenatal consultation is an integral step in the care of women at high risk for preterm delivery. Aims: To examine whether the provision of written information regarding prematurity would improve factual recall and satisfaction following prenatal consultation. Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial of expectant mothers from 22 to 30 weeks gestational age. Eligible women received routine verbal prenatal consultation prior to enrollment and randomization. Women in the control group received written information about breast feeding. Women in the intervention group received additional written information about prematurity. Later, a survey was administered to elicit their factual recall and satisfaction. Results: A total of 32 women completed the survey. There was no significant difference in mean factual recall score between both groups (control 76%; intervention 71%; P = 0.45) nor in patients' satisfaction (control 4.31; intervention 4.18; P = 0.71). Conclusions: Providing written information about prematurity to mothers in preterm delivery did not improve their factual recall or satisfaction. This suggests that written information may not have added value to verbal communication in delivering key information to women overwhelmed by the stress of preterm labor. The wide range of individual performance on the factual recall test indicates that some women in preterm labor may not be adequately informed by the prenatal consultation, despite their high level of satisfaction.
A short purification process for quantitative isolation of PrPScfrom naturally occurring and experimental transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (2002)

The resulting PrPSc-enriched preparation should provide a suitable substrate for analyzing the structure of the prion agent and for scavenging for other molecules with which it may associate. In comparison with most methods that exist today, the one described in this study is rapid, cost-effective and does not demand expensive laboratory equipment.
Optimization procedures in the design of continuous induction hardening and tempering installations for magnetic steel bars (1998)

An inverse problem concerning the industrial process of steel bars hardening and tempering is considered. The associated optimization problem is formulated in terms of membership functions and, for the sake of comparison, also in terms of quadratic residuals; both geometric and electromagnetic design variables have been considered. The numerical solution is achieved by coupling a finite difference procedure for the calculation of the electromagnetic and thermal fields to a deterministic strategy of minimization based on modified Fletcher and Reeves method.
ChemInform Abstract: New Quinoxalines with Nitrogen Functions in the Side Chain. Potential Inhibitors of 5‐HT3. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Wolfram Syndrome iPS Cells: The First Human Cell Model of Endoplasmic Reticulum Disease (2014)

Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with clinical signs apparent in early childhood. This condition is characterized by childhood-onset diabetes, optic nerve atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus, and neurodegeneration, and it results in death in middle adulthood (1–3). Genetic and experimental evidence strongly suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction is a critical pathogenic component of Wolfram syndrome (4,5). However, there is a lack of complete understanding of the pathways and biomarkers involved in the disease process due to the limitations of animal models that do not accurately reflect human patients. As a result, despite the underlying importance of ER dysfunction in Wolfram syndrome, there are currently no therapies that target the ER, a deficiency that points to the urgent need to develop a human cell model of this condition. In this issue, Shang et al. (6) report that this has been successfully accomplished.

ER is a membrane network within the cytoplasm of cells that is involved in protein synthesis, calcium storage, redox regulation, steroid synthesis, and cell death. Recent clinical and genetic evidence indicate that acquired or inherited ER dysfunction can cause rare genetic diseases such as Wolfram syndrome, as well as many …
A case study of Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment (EBPP) integration using the COIN mediation technology (2005)

There is no such monopoly as The World Wide Bank that manages the databases of all possible financial activities. Such a concept makes neither technical nor business sense. Each player in the financial industry, each bank, stock exchange, government agency, or insurance company, operates its own internal financial information systems. By its very nature, financial information, like the money that it represents, changes hands. Therefore the interoperation of financial information systems is the cornerstone of the financial services they support. Naturally the critical economic role and the complexity of financial information led to the development of standards for its management and interchange. Yet standards are not the panacea: different groups of players use different standards or versions of a standard's implementation. In this paper we illustrate the nature of the problem in the Electronic Bill Presentment and Payment industry. In particular, we describe and analyze the difficulty of the integration of services using four different formats: IFX, OFX and SWIFT standards, and an example proprietary format. We then propose an improved way to accomplish this integration using the COntext INterchange (COIN) framework.
A New Eudesmane Derivative from Leontodon tuberosus (2004)

Abstract Besides the known compounds 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone 4-O-β -D-glucopyranoside and syringaresinol 4’-O-β -D-glucopyranoside, the novel sesquiterpenoid 1,2-dehydro-3-oxocostic acid β - D-glucopyranoside ester was isolated from Leontodon tuberosus L. and its structure established by mass spectrometry and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, a number of fatty and phenolic acids was identified in the crude methanolic extract by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS. The chemosystematic impact of the new sesquiterpenoid is discussed briefly.
Efficacy and safety of the PPARγ partial agonist balaglitazone compared with pioglitazone and placebo: a phase III, randomized, parallel‐group study in patients with type 2 diabetes on stable insulin therapy (2011)

Patients treated with balaglitazone at 10 mg and 20 mg and pioglitazone at 45 mg showed clinically meaningful improvements in glucose levels and HbA(1c) . With the 10 mg dose, the benefits (glucose & HgA(1c) lowering) and untoward effects (fluid and fat accumulation) were less, results that encourage further studies of this drug candidate.
P3–125: Rates of atrophy differ across pathologically defined subtypes of Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal MRI study (2013)

Approximately one third of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases are associated with an atypical distribution of neurofibrillary tangles; hippocampal sparing AD (HpSp AD) shows striking involvement of cortex with minimal involvement of hippocampus, while limbic predominant AD (LP AD) shows neurofibrillary tangles restricted to medial temporal lobe. Cross-sectional patterns of atrophy differ across these pathological subtypes of AD compared to typical AD, and are useful to help predict pathological subtype during life. In this study, we aimed to determine whether rates of whole brain and regional atrophy differ across pathological subtypes of AD. We identified 139 cases that were demented during life, had AD pathological features at autopsy (Braak stage ≥ IV, intermediate-high probability AD) and had two serial MRI. Cases were classified as typical (n=102), HpSp (n=14), or LP (n=23) AD based on the ratio of neurofibrillary tangle counts in association cortices to hippocampus. Rates of whole brain atrophy were calculated using the brain boundary-shift integral. Regional patterns of change over time were assessed using tensor-based morphometry using the Symmetric Normalization algorithm from the ANTS software package, and SPM5. Rates of whole brain atrophy did not differ among the three pathological subtypes, although the fastest rates were observed in HpSp AD. HpSp AD showed atrophy over time throughout the cortex, with fastest rates observed in posterior frontal and parietal lobes (Figure). In contrast, atrophy in LP AD was restricted to the medial temporal lobe, with fastest rates observed in parahippocampal gyrus and hippocampus (Figure). Typical AD showed atrophy over time in both the cortex and hippocampus, with fastest rates observed in posterior inferior temporal lobe (Figure). Rates of frontal and parietal atrophy were significantly higher in HpSp AD compared to the other two groups, and rates of hippocampal atrophy were higher in LP AD compared to HpSp AD.
Role of H1 receptors and P-selectin in histamine-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in postcapillary venules. (1994)

The objective of this study was to define the nature, magnitude, and mechanisms of histamine-induced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in postcapillary venules of the rat mesentery using intravital microscopic techniques. Superfusion of the mesentery with histamine (10(-7)-10(-5) M) resulted in a dose-related increase in the number of rolling leukocytes, a reduction in rolling velocity, and an increased clearance of FITC-labeled rat albumin from blood to superfusate. The histamine-induced recruitment of rolling leukocytes and increased albumin clearance were prevented by histamine H1 (hydroxyzine, diphenhydramine) but not H2 (cimetidine) receptor antagonists. Because histamine induces expression of the adhesion molecule P-selectin in cultured endothelial cells, a monoclonal antibody directed against rat P-selectin and soluble sialyl-LewisX oligosaccharide (the carbohydrate ligand to P-selectin) were also tested as inhibitors. Both were effective in preventing the histamine-induced recruitment of rolling leukocytes, but neither agent attenuated the increased albumin clearance. These observations suggest that (a) histamine recruits rolling leukocytes and increases albumin leakage in postcapillary venules via H1 receptor activation, (b) histamine-induced recruitment of rolling leukocytes is mediated in part by P-selectin expressed on the endothelial cell surface, and (c) the histamine-induced vascular albumin leakage is unrelated to leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Our results are consistent with the view that histamine may act as a mediator of acute inflammatory reactions.
EFFECT OF SOTALOL AGAINST REPERFUSION‐INDUCED ARRHYTHMIAS IN SPRAGUE‐DAWLEY AND WISTAR RATS (1989)

The effect of (+/-)-sotalol (a beta-blocker with class III antiarrhythmic activity) against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias was studied in artificially ventilated, open-chest, Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats. Coronary artery occlusion was produced for 5 min and reperfusion allowed for 10 min. A somewhat different arrhythmic profile was observed between saline-treated rats of the 2 strains studied, with more Sprague-Dawley rats experiencing an irreversible ventricular fibrillation (VF) upon reperfusion, compared to Wistar rats, in whom a combination of reversible ventricular tachycardia (VT) and VF was more frequently observed. No difference in action potential characteristics and ventricular effective refractory period determined in vitro, nor in myocardial noradrenaline content, was found between the 2 strains of rats. (+/-)-Sotalol (5 and 10 mg/kg, IV) showed marked beta-blocking activity and reduced the mean duration of VT-VF in both strains studied. It also produced similar increases in action potential duration and refractory period in vitro in these 2 strains. In a different series of experiments, the antiarrhythmic action of the racemic form was compared to that of (+)-sotalol using Wistar rats. (+)-Sotalol had much less beta-blocking activity, and was found to be similarly effective against reperfusion-induced VT-VF. It is concluded that the antiarrhythmic effect of sotalol against reperfusion-induced arrhythmias may not be related to beta-adrenergic blockade but probably to class III type activity. Despite differences in the profile of reperfusion-induced arrhythmias between Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats, both strains were sensitive to the antiarrhythmic action of (+/-)-sotalol.
(R)- and (S)-Verapamil Differentially Modulate the Multidrug-resistant Protein MRP1 (2007)

The multidrug-resistant protein MRP1 (involved in the cancer cell multidrug resistance phenotype) has been found to be modulated by racemic verapamil (through stimulation of glutathione transport), inducing apoptosis of human MRP1 cDNA-transfected baby hamster kidney 21 (BHK-21) cells and not of control BHK-21 cells. In this study, we show that the two enantiomers of verapamil have different effects on MRP1 activity. Only the S-isomer (not the R-isomer) potently induced the death of MRP1-transfected BHK-21 cells. The decrease in cellular glutathione content induced by the S-isomer, which was not observed with the R-isomer, was stronger than that induced by the racemic mixture, indicating that the R-isomer antagonized the S-isomer effect. Both enantiomers altered leukotriene C(4) and calcein transport by MRP1. Thus, the R-isomer behaved as an inhibitor, which was confirmed by its ability to revert the multidrug resistance phenotype toward vincristine. Molecular studies on purified MRP1 using fluorescence spectroscopy showed that both enantiomers bound to MRP1 with high affinity, with the binding being prevented by glutathione. Furthermore, conformational changes induced by the two enantiomers (monitored by sodium iodide accessibility of MRP1 tryptophan residues) were quite different, correlating with their distinct effects. (S)-Verapamil induces the death of potentially resistant tumor cells, whereas (R)-verapamil sensitizes MRP1-overexpressing cells to chemotherapeutics. These results might be of great potential interest in the design of new compounds able to modulate MRP1 in chemotherapy.
Microgrid Optimal Scheduling With Multi-Period Islanding Constraints (2014)

This paper presents a model for microgrid optimal scheduling considering multi-period islanding constraints. The objective of the problem is to minimize the microgrid total operation cost which comprises the generation cost of local resources and cost of energy purchase from the main grid. The microgrid optimal scheduling problem is decomposed into a grid-connected operation master problem and an islanded operation subproblem. The microgrid capability in operating in the islanded mode for multiple hours is scrutinized by a T-τ islanding criterion. The integer scheduling decisions determined in the master problem will be examined against the microgrid islanding feasibility in the subproblem. The scheduling decisions will be revised using proper islanding cuts if sufficient generation is not available to guarantee a feasible islanding. Islanding cuts will revise generating units, energy storage systems, and adjustable loads schedules. Any change in the schedule of adjustable loads outside the operating time interval specified by consumers is penalized by an inconvenience factor in the objective. Numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed microgrid optimal scheduling model and explore its economic and reliability merits.
Frequency-resolved optical gating and single-shot spectral measurements reveal fine structure in microstructure-fiber continuum (2002)

Cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating with an angle-dithered nonlinear-optical crystal permits measurement of the intensity and the phase of the ultrabroadband (as much as 1200 nm wide) continuum generated from microstructure optical fiber. Retrieval revealed fine-scale structure in the continuum spectrum. Simulations and single-shot spectrum measurements confirmed that the fine structure does exist on a single-shot basis but washes out when many shots are averaged.
T cell regulation of interferon-<i>alpha/beta</i> (IFN-<i>alpha/beta</i>) production by alloantigen-stimulated bone marrow cells. (1985)

We have previously reported that mouse bone marrow cells produce high levels of interferon-alpha/beta (IFN-alpha/beta) after 5 to 6 days of in vitro culture with irradiated allogenic spleen cells. The current study was initiated to determine whether or not T cells are important for alloantigen-induced IFN-alpha/beta production by mouse bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells and spleen cells were obtained from C57BL/6 mice. These cells were treated with different monoclonal antisera and complement, and then were cultured 5 to 6 days with irradiated DBA spleen cells. The results from these experiments indicated that optimal IFN-alpha/beta production by alloantigen-stimulated bone marrow cells required Lyt-1+2+ T cells. In addition, when bone marrow cells obtained from nu/nu B10 mice were cultured with alloantigen, only low levels of IFN were produced when compared with IFN production by bone marrow cells obtained from normal littermate B10 mice. The addition of nylon wool-enriched splenic T cells to cultures containing bone marrow cells and alloantigen resulted in an augmentation of IFN-alpha/beta production by three-fold to fivefold. Furthermore, bone marrow cells obtained from alloantigen-immunized mice produced much higher levels of IFN-alpha/beta and in a shorter period of time (2 to 3 days) when compared with bone marrow cells obtained from control or non-immunized mice. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been shown to inhibit predominantly T cell-dependent responses. The effect of CsA on IFN production by alloantigen-stimulated bone marrow and spleen cells was investigated. The addition of CsA at concentrations as low as 0.1 micrograms/ml inhibited not only IFN-gamma production by alloantigen-stimulated spleen cells, but also IFN-alpha/beta production by alloantigen-stimulated bone marrow cells. In contrast, IFN-alpha/beta production by Newcastle disease virus-infected spleen cells, bone marrow cells, or L cells was not inhibited by the addition of CsA (1 microgram/ml). Thus, the ability of bone marrow cells to produce high levels of IFN-alpha/beta after in vitro culture with alloantigen is dependent upon T cells resident in the bone marrow. IFN-alpha/beta production by alloantigen-stimulated bone marrow cells may play a major role in the pathogenesis associated with graft-vs-host disease and in T cell regulation of hematopoiesis.