gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fate of nerve fibers in necrotic, healing, and healed rat myocardium. (1990)

Myocardial infarction, myocardial scar tissue formation, and cardiac arrhythmogenesis seem to be associated. There are electrophysiological data suggesting that myocardial nerves are involved in arrhythmia development; however, there are no morphologic studies describing the fate of these nerves following necrotizing myocardial injuries. To describe the reactions of Schwann cells and axons following such injuries, we induced lesions in rat hearts with ischemia or transdiaphragmatic freeze-thawing and examined the acutely necrotic, healing, and healed lesions with light and electron microscopy. Antibodies to Schwann cell-associated S-100 protein were used to facilitate histologic detection. Both forms of injury produced focal lesions in which Schwann cells were killed and axonal segments destroyed; however, the basal lamina sheaths of cardiac myocytes and capillaries, and probably also of nerve fibers, remained largely intact. During 4 weeks of sequential observations, Schwann cells and axons were components of a hypercellular healing front that began at the periphery and moved toward the center of each lesion. Their proliferation and growth may have occurred within the original nerve basal lamina sheaths, and reparative axonal enlargements contained an abundance of 50- to 100-nm clear and dense storage granules. Fully developed nerve fibers were not only present in newly formed scar tissue but also appeared to be present in significantly greater density than in uninjured myocardial tissue. These findings demonstrate that proliferative nerve fiber regeneration occurs from the edges of necrotizing myocardial injuries, that healing results in relatively large number of nerve fibers in newly formed scars, and that axons in these scar-associated nerve fibers contain an abundance of neurosecretory granules. The functional significance of these observations remains to be determined.
Modeling and control of a variable valve timing engine (2000)

A cylinder-by-cylinder model of an experimental variable valve timing 4-cylinder engine has been developed. The model includes the cylinder and manifold mass, temperature, burned gas residual, and pressure dynamics, including combustion effects, as well as the valve actuator dynamics. The cylinder-by-cylinder model is used to obtain a cycle-averaged mapping between torque at a given engine speed and intake valve timing, which is suitable for future control design implementations.
Wnt Meeting 1996 (1997)

A meeting on Wnt genes was held at Stanford University, August 9 and 10, organized by Harold Varmus (NIH) and Roel Nusse (HHMI-Stanford). This meeting was the first formal version of a series of informal Wnt gatherings held over the past years at various locations. The previous meetings were always inspired by the importance of Wnt genes in animal development and tumorigenesis, but also frustrated by the lack of understanding of the molecular aspects of signaling by these secreted proteins. Much to the delight of the attendants, the 1996 meeting brought together a surprising number of novel findings on various aspects of Wnt signaling. Only half a year ago, very little was known about the Wnt signal transduction pathway, but recently, specific receptors and various intracellular components have been discovered and many of these novel findings were reported at the meeting. It seems that the power of Drosophila and C. elegans genetics, combined with in vitro assays for Wnt signaling and rapid biological assays in Xenopus will lead to rapid progress in understanding how Wnt molecules bring about their interesting biological effects.
Autonomic control of lacrimal protein secretion. (1981)

The ability of cholinergic and adrenergic agonists to initiate protein secretion by in vitro slices of rabbit lacrimal gland was examined. The adrenergic response was not inhibited by atropine but was partially inhibited by propranolol and phentolamine. This indicates the presence of both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors and their association with the protein secretory response. The cholinergic response was inhibited completely by the muscarinic antagonist atropine. Additionally, the adrenergic antagonists, propranolol and phentolamine, inhibited approximately 70% and 40%, respectively, of the cholinergic response. Dose-response curves obtained for carbachol and isoproterenol indicated that the maximum response to carbachol is greater than that to isoproterenol but that the threshold for response to isoproterenol is much lower than that to carbachol. Additionally, carbachol and isoproterenol acted synergistically in promoting protein secretion. A hypothesis for the regulation of lacrimal gland function is proposed which takes into account the autonomic effects on electrolyte transport and tear flow rates reported by others as well as autonomic control of protein secretion reported in this paper.
Minimisation technique for series-gated emitter-coupled logic (1989)

This paper describes a systematic technique to synthesise series-gated emitter-coupled logic (ECL). The technique is applied in an autosynthesis program whereby multilevel ECL circuit schematics are generated automatically from Boolean equation or truth table input.
Comparison of cytotoxic action of iphosphamide and cyclophosphamide. (1981)

We compared the cytotoxic effects of cyclophosphamide and iphosphamide on normal hematopoietic colony-forming units (NCFU) and L1210 leukemia colony-forming units (LCFU), using the quantitative spleen colony assay. Cyclophosphamide was more cytotoxic for NCFU than iphosphamide, but both agents had a similar cytotoxic effect on LCFU survival, whether given as a single injection or a 24-hour infusion. Although both agents were less cytotoxic for LCFU when administered in 24-hour infusions, host toxicity indicated that correspondingly larger doses of each agent could be given by infusion. The two agents also exhibited very similar cell-killing kinetics.
Lysosomal acid proteinase of rabbit liver (1967)

1. Acid proteinase from rabbit liver lysosomes was purified about 1000-fold, on a protein basis. 2. The purification procedure involved isolation of a lysosomal-mitochondrial pellet and conversion of this into an acetone-dried powder. 3. The enzyme was extracted with an acidic buffer and subjected to column chromatography with DEAE-Sephadex and Sephadex G-100. 4. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 50000-52000. 5. Maximal activity against haemoglobin was obtained at pH3.2; serum albumin was attacked, but very much more slowly. 6. Several possible inhibitors of the enzyme were tested. Thiol-blocking reagents, several inhibitors of trypsin and chymotrypsin, and a chelating agent were without effect. 7. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by 3-phenylpyruvic acid at low concentrations. 8. Dithiothreitol caused rapid inactivation of the enzyme at pH8. 9. It is concluded that this enzyme is a form of cathepsin D, which may be widely distributed in lysosomes.
An Improved Synthesis of Mescaline (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Synthesis of MescalineFred Benington and Richard D. MorinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1353Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a505https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views844Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser differential light-scattering bioassay for methotrexate (NSC-740). (1976)

A new bioassay method utilizing laser light scattering from suspensions of drug-sensitive bacteria has been developed for the estimation of antitumor drugs in biologic samples. Changes in the light-scattering patterns of antibiotic-treated bacteria have recently been shown to provide a rapid and accurate indication of antibiotic sensitivity. Similar considerations for several antitumor drugs have shown the method capable of assaying 0.1 ml with drug concentrations as low as a few nanograms of drug per milliliter of sample. The first successful application of the methodology is described for the antitumor agent methotrexate. Studies of both drug-treated human serum specimens and dog serum levels and urinary excretion as a function of time indicate that assay results are available within 3 hours of preparing the serum. Time variations of drug serum levels and urinary excretion rates are compared via laser differential light-scattering assay, standard disc-diffusion assay, and previously published radioisotopic assays.
Spectral features for audio based vehicle and engine classification (2017)

In this paper we address automatic vehicle and engine identification based on audio information. Such data depend on many factors, including vehicle type, tires, speed and its change, as well as road type. In our previous research we designed a feature set for selected vehicle classes, discriminating pairs of classes. Later, we decided to expand the feature vector and find the best feature set (mainly based on spectral descriptors), possibly representative for each investigated vehicle category, which can be applied to a bigger data set, with more classes. The experiments were performed first on on-road recordings, and then continued with test bench (dyno) recordings. The paper also shows problems related to vehicles classification, which is detailed in official documents by national authority for issues related to the national road system, but simplified for automatic identification purposes. Experiments on audio-based vehicle type and engine type identification are presented and conclusions are shown.
Patterns of dystonia ("I-D-I" and "D-I-D-") in response to l-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease. (1977)

The clinical, biochemical, and pharmacologic responses to L-dopa were studied in 87 patients with Parkinson's disease. Eleven of the 87 patients had a long-duration response, 39 had a short-duration response, and 37 had a combination of both. Thirty-four of the 39 patients with short-duration response to L-dopa experienced a consistent and reproducible sequence of clinical and biochemical events after each dose, characterized by improvement of parkinsonism and a single phase of dystonia occurring during or shortly after the peak of dopa concentration in plasma and during maximal clinical improvement. We have called this the I-D-I- response, for Parkinsonism-Improvement-Dystonia-Improvement-Parkinsonism. The remaining five patients all had the onset of the disease at an unusually young age and showed a distinctly different response pattern consisting of a first phase of dystonia, before there was any improvement, followed by a phase of improvement without dystonia and then by a second phase of dystonia before the abrupt return of parkinsonism. We have called this the D-I-D response, for Parkinsonism-Dystonia-Improvement-Dystonia-Parkinsonsim. Dystonia occurs in the D-I-D- response when the concentration of dopa in plasma passes through a critical but relatively low level, whereas it remains absent as long as the concentration of dopa remains above that level. In the I-D-I- response, dystonia is avoided by keeping the plasma concentration of dopa low, in the D-I-D- response by keeping it high. It is postulated that in the D-I-D response postsynaptic depolarization blockade due to supramaximal stimulation of the neuronal system mediating dystonia occurs, whereas in the I-D-I response the postsynaptic members of the same neuronal population respond with excitation but not with depolarization blockade.
Impulse response of an S-cone pathway in the aging visual system (2006)

Age-related changes in the temporal properties of an S-cone pathway were characterized by the psychophysical impulse-response function (IRF). Participants included 49 color-normal observers ranging in age from 16.8 to 86.3 years. A double-pulse method was used to measure the IRF with S-cone modulation at constant luminance. Stimuli were presented as a Gaussian patch (+/-1SD = 2.3 degrees ) in one of four quadrants around a central fixation cross on a CRT screen. The test stimulus was modulated from the equal-energy white of the background toward the short-wave spectrum locus. Each of the two pulses (6.67 ms) was separated by an interstimulus interval (ISI) from 20 to 720 ms. Chromatic detection thresholds were determined by a four-alternative forced-choice method with staircases for each ISI in one session. IRFs were calculated from the threshold data using a model with four parameters of an exponentially damped sine wave. S-cone IRFs have only an excitatory phase and a much longer time course compared with IRFs for luminance modulation measured with the same apparatus. The results demonstrated significant age-related losses in IRF amplitude, but the latency (time to peak) of the IRF was stable with age.
Intrathecal d-Ala2-d-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) restores analgesia in a patient analgetically tolerant to intrathecal morphine sulfate (1986)

DADL was administered to a patient who was analgetically tolerant to continuously infused, intrathecal morphine sulfate. DADL restored analgesia without respiratory depression but opiate withdrawal syndrome was not prevented. Somnolence, not responsive to naloxone but completely reversed with morphine, was seen as an idiosyncratic mu receptor opiate withdrawal symptom. Clonidine hydrochloride and decreasing doses of oral morphine were used to successfully treat the withdrawal syndrome, including somnolence. Further research is indicated to verify the findings of this one patient and investigate the efficacy of DADL to provide analgesia for morphine-tolerant patients.
Physical properties of silk fibroin/chitosan blend films (2001)

Abstract Silk fibroin/chitosan blend films were examined through IR spectroscopy to determine the conformational changes of silk fibroin. The effects of the fibroin/chitosan blend ratios (chitosan content) on the physical and mechanical properties were investigated to discover the feasibility of using these films as biomedical materials such as artificial skin and wound dressing. The mechanical properties of the blend films containing 10–40% chitosan were found to be excellent. The tensile strength, breaking elongation, and Young's modulus were affected by the chitosan contents of the blend films, which were also related to the density and degree of swelling. The coefficient of water vapor permeability of the blend films increased linearly with the chitosan content, and the values of 1000–2000 g m −2 day −1 were comparable to those of commercial wound dressings. Silk fibroin/chitosan blend films had good oxygen and water vapor permeabilities, making them useful as biomaterials. In particular, the blend film containing 40–50% chitosan showed very high oxygen permeability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 928–934, 2001
Comparative Studies of Extracellular Fungal Laccases (1984)

Various basidiomycetes, ascomycetes, and deuteromycetes, grown in a sugar-rich liquid medium, were compared for laccase-producing ability and for the inducing effect of 2,5-xylidine on laccase production. Clear stimulation of the extracellular enzyme formation by xylidine was obtained in the cultures of Fomes annosus, Pholiota mutabilis, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Trametes versicolor, whereas Rhizoctonia praticola and Botrytis cinerea were not affected by the xylidine, and in the case of Podospora anserina a decrease in laccase activity was observed. The laccases were purified, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels indicated a particular pattern for each laccase. The bands of the induced forms appeared only with basidiomycetes. The optimal pH of R. praticola laccase was in the neutral region, whereas the optima of all the other exolaccases were significantly lower (between pH 3.0 and 5.7). All laccases oxidized the methoxyphenolic acids under investigation, but there existed quantitative differences in oxidation efficiencies which depended on pH and on the nature (noninduced or induced) of the enzyme. The sensitivity of all enzymes to inhibitors did not differ considerably.
Loss of Rhythmically Bursting Neurons in Rat Medial Septum Following Selective Lesion of Septohippocampal Cholinergic System (1998)

The medial septum contains cholinergic and GABAergic neurons that project to the hippocampal formation. A significant proportion of the septohippocampal neurons (SHN) exhibit a rhythmically bursting (RB) activity that is involved in the generation of the hippocampal theta rhythm. The neurochemical nature of septal RB neurons is not firmly established. To address this question, the septal unit activity has been recorded in rats after selective destruction of the cholinergic septal neurons by the immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin. Experiments have been performed in urethan-anesthetized and unanesthetized rats, 14-21 days after lesion. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry revealed a near-complete loss of cholinergic septal neurons and of cholinergic fibers in the hippocampus. The recorded neurons were located in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca area. A number of these neurons were identified as projecting to the hippocampus (SHN) by their antidromic response to the electrical stimulation of the fimbria-fornix. In urethan-anesthetized lesioned rats, the percentage of RB neurons decreased significantly as compared with controls (17 vs. 41% for SHNs and 5 vs. 19% for unidentified septal neurons). The axonal conduction velocity and the burst frequency of the SHNs that retained a RB activity were higher in lesioned as compared with control rats. The number of spikes per burst was lower and the burst duration was shorter in lesioned rats as compared with controls. The urethan-resistant hippocampal theta was altered both in terms of frequency and amplitude. In unanesthetized lesioned rats, no RB septal neurons were found during arousal, as compared with 25% in controls. Their number was also markedly reduced during paradoxical sleep (9.7 vs. 38.5%). Histochemistry in 192 IgG-saporin-treated rats showed that RB neurons were found in areas devoid of AChE-positive neurons but containing parvalbumine-positive (presumably GABAergic) neurons. These data show that RB activity is considerably reduced after selective lesion of the cholinergic medial septal neurons. They suggested that the large majority of the RB septal neurons are cholinergic and that the few neurons that display RB activity in lesioned rats are GABAergic.
FastFCN: Rethinking Dilated Convolution in the Backbone for Semantic Segmentation (2019)

Modern approaches for semantic segmentation usually employ dilated convolutions in the backbone to extract high-resolution feature maps, which brings heavy computation complexity and memory footprint. To replace the time and memory consuming dilated convolutions, we propose a novel joint upsampling module named Joint Pyramid Upsampling (JPU) by formulating the task of extracting high-resolution feature maps into a joint upsampling problem. With the proposed JPU, our method reduces the computation complexity by more than three times without performance loss. Experiments show that JPU is superior to other upsampling modules, which can be plugged into many existing approaches to reduce computation complexity and improve performance. By replacing dilated convolutions with the proposed JPU module, our method achieves the state-of-the-art performance in Pascal Context dataset (mIoU of 53.13%) and ADE20K dataset (final score of 0.5584) while running 3 times faster.
A new method based on headspace adsorptive accumulation using a carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified electrode: application for trace determination of nitrobenzene and nitrotoluene in water and wastewater (2011)

A carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon (MWCNTs-GC) electrode was fabricated via the drop-casting of a carboxylated carbon nanotubes suspension onto a glassy carbon electrode. A headspace adsorptive accumulation on the surface of the multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode coupled with cyclic voltammetry has been established for analyzing nitrobenzene and 4-nitrotoluene in water samples. Factors which affect the extraction efficiency (modifier amount, pH, extraction temperature, extraction time, salt addition) have been investigated. The calibration plot for the determination of nitrobenzene and 4-nitrotoluene are linear in the wide ranges of 10–4000 ng mL−1 and 20–6000 ng mL−1 respectively. Under optimal extraction conditions, the detection limits (at S/N = 3) for nitrobenzene and 4-nitrotoluene were 3.0 ng mL−1 and 6.0 ng mL−1 respectively. The proposed method has been applied successfully for the determination of nitrobenzene and nitrotoluene in water and wastewater samples within a recovery range of ca. 97.5–103.33%.
Baseball: A Comprehensive Bibliography (1986)

This book contains over 7,500 entries for the period January 1985 through May 1992. There is no aspect not covered--major, minor, college, and little leagues; bat factories, biographies, and much more. It is a comprehensive listing of all books and other U.S. and Canadian items (excluding newspaper articles) published during this period--from over 300 periodicals and journals alone.
Synthesis of L‐ascorbic‐4‐<sup>3</sup>H acid (1966)

Abstract A method is presented for preparation of L‐xyloascorbic‐4‐ 3 H acid 9.5μC/mg by the exchange of 8 M dipotassium ascorbate in tritiumlabeled water by heating 20 hours at 100°C The data confirms the assumptions of Brenner ( 8 ), that alkaline isomerization of ascorbic acid proceeds through a carbanion on carbon‐4. A study of the radiation stability of crystalline ascorbic acid indicates that it is not unusually radiation sensitive.
Network Anomaly Detection (2013)

With the rapid rise in the ubiquity and sophistication of Internet technology and the accompanying growth in the number of network attacks, network intrusion detection has become increasingly important. Anomaly-based network intrusion detection refers to finding exceptional or nonconforming patterns in network traffic data compared to normal behavi