gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel H.263 video encoder in normal coding mode (1998)

A parallel H.263 video encoder, which utilises spatial parallelism, has been modelled using a multi-threaded program. Spatial parallelism is a technique where an image is subdivided into equal parts (as far as physically possible) and each part is processed by a separate processor by computing motion and texture coding with all processors each acting on a different part of the image. This method leads to a performance increase, which is roughly in proportion to the number of parallel processors used.
Potential Drug Delivery Applications of Chitosan Based Nanomaterials (2013)

Polymeric nanoparticles have long been sought after as carriers for systemic and targeted drug delivery. Chitosan is biopolymers having immense structural possibilities for chemical and mechanical modifications to generate novel properties, functions and applications especially in biomedical area. Chitosan is effective material for biomedical applications because of their biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity, apart from their antimicrobial activity and low immunogenicity, which clearly points to an immense potential for future development. These candidate biopolymers can be easily processed into gels, sponges, membranes, beads and scaffolds forms. This review emphasizes recent research on different aspects of chitosan based nanomaterials, including the preparation and applications of chitosan based nano material and macro particle. This review also includes the factors that affect the entrapment efficiency and release kinetics of drugs from chitosan microspheres
Current State and Future Perspectives on Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems (2019)

In recent years, many attempts have been made to enhance the drug bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness of oral dosage forms. In this context, various gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) have been used to improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that have a narrow absorption window, are unstable at alkaline pH, are soluble in acidic conditions, and are active locally in the stomach. In this review, we discuss the physiological state of the stomach and various factors that affect GRDDS. Recently applied gastrointestinal technologies such as expandable, superporous hydrogel; bio/mucoadhesive, magnetic, ion-exchange resin; and low- and high-density-systems have also been examined along with their merits and demerits. The significance of in vitro and in vivo evaluation parameters of various GRDDS is summarized along with their applications. Moreover, future perspectives on this technology are discussed to minimize the gastric emptying rate in both the fasted and fed states. Overall, this review may inform and guide formulation scientists in designing the GRDDS.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of cataract surgery: a global and regional analysis. (2004)

Extra-capsular surgery for cataracts at a high level of coverage is the most cost-effective way of restoring sight in all epidemiological subregions considered. Analysts from countries within a region are encouraged to further contextualize the results based on their own country's specific parameters.
Improved Ballistic Wind Prediction Using Projectile Tracking Data (2017)

The United States Air Force AC-130 gunships have been in operation since the Vietnam War and have seen frequent use during recent conflicts. They are able to employ gun weapon systems from above a target in a way that maximizes possible time on target. When firing, the gun operators must deal with miss distances caused by winds acting on the projectile in flight. Operators currently perform a “tweak” to predict a ballistic wind affecting fired rounds which is then used in the fire-control to correct for the real winds and bring shots onto target. This correction, a single-point wind prediction, is made using only the initial state of the gun and aircraft and the final impact location. This thesis explores the possibility of using a round tracking sensor to track a projectile as it falls and produce a multipoint ballistic wind which would be better at correcting for true winds than a single-point ballistic wind. An algorithm for a multipoint wind prediction method is described and simulation are run using it and a single-point prediction method against measured wind profiles. The results of the single-point and multipoint ballistic winds are compared to the measured winds to test for a goodness of fit. The results are also tested for stability that when used the ballistic wind remains valid even if the aircraft and gun change state from the initial state when the ballistic wind was predicted. The results show that a multipoint ballistic wind that is a better fit and more stable ballistic wind than a single-point ballistic wind is possible using the algorithm presented. Also, the multipoint ballistic wind can be produced with very few data points along the trajectory of the projectile.
Phantom limb pain in amputees during the first 12 months following limb amputation, after preoperative lumbar epidural blockade (1988)

The similarities between phantom limb pain and preoperative limb pain have been noted, and this raises the possibility of modulating the pain by a preoperative blockade. The aim of this study was to investigate if it was possible to reduce postoperative phantom limb pain by giving lumbar epidural blockade (LEB) with bupivacaine and morphine for 72 h prior to the operation. 25 patients were interviewed about their limb pain before limb amputation, and about their phantom limb pain 7 days, 6 months and 1 year after limb loss. 11 patients, of mean age 77 years (52-93), received an LEB, so that they were pain-free for 3 days prior to operation. The control group, 14 patients of mean age 73.4 years (63.86), all had preoperative limb pain. Seven days after operation, 3 patients in the LEB group and 9 patients in the control group had phantom limb pain (P less than 0.10). After 6 months all patients in the LEB group were pain-free, whilst 5 patients in the control group had pain (P less than 0.05). After 1 year, all the patients in the LEB group were still pain-free, and 3 patients in the control group had phantom limb pain (P less than 0.20). Preoperative lumbar epidural blockade with bupivacaine and morphine reduces the incidence of phantom limb pain in the first year after operation.
Initial burn management in the primary care situation. (1995)

Each year more than 150,000 people in Australia and New Zealand experience burning of sufficient severity for them to seek medical help, with 400 people dying annually. Primary care involves careful identification of burn healing potential and severity of injury. Major burns are best managed by regional Burn Units. The assessment, early management and burns unit transfer indications are addressed in this article.
Simple control circuit for temperature regulation and other bridge applications (1981)

A circuit is presented that makes use of low frequency square waves for exciting resistance bridges, detecting their departure from balance, and providing an output voltage for measurement or control purposes. Applications in several areas of precision metrology have been found.
Design of a Four Rotor Hovering Vehicle (2004)

Raffaello D'Andrea, committee chair; Mark Campbell; Ephrahim Garcia
Suppression, Maintenance, and Surprise: Neuronal Correlates of Predictive Processing Specialization for Musical Rhythm (2021)

Auditory repetition suppression and omission activation are opposite neural phenomena and manifestations of principles of predictive processing. Repetition suppression describes the temporal decrease in neural activity when a stimulus is constant or repeated in an expected temporal fashion; omission activity is the transient increase in neural activity when a stimulus is temporarily and unexpectedly absent. The temporal, repetitive nature of musical rhythms is ideal for investigating these phenomena. During an fMRI session, 10 healthy participants underwent scanning while listening to musical rhythms with two levels of metric complexity, and with beat omissions with different positional complexity. Participants first listened to 16-s-long presentations of continuous rhythms, before listening to a longer continuous presentation with beat omissions quasi-randomly introduced. We found deactivation in bilateral superior temporal gyri during the repeated presentation of the normal, unaltered rhythmic stimulus, with more suppression of activity in the left hemisphere. Omission activation of bilateral middle temporal gyri was right lateralized. Persistent activity was found in areas including the supplementary motor area, caudate nucleus, anterior insula, frontal areas, and middle and posterior cingulate cortex, not overlapping with either listening, suppression, or omission activation. This suggests that the areas are perhaps specialized for working memory maintenance. We found no effect of metric complexity for either the normal presentation or omissions, but we found evidence for a small effect of omission <i>position</i>-at an uncorrected threshold-where omissions in the more metrical salient position, i.e., the first position in the bar, showed higher activation in anterior cingulate/medial superior frontal gyrus, compared to omissions in the less salient position, in line with the role of the anterior cingulate cortex for saliency detection. The results are consistent with findings in our previous studies on Parkinson's disease, but are put into a bigger theoretical frameset.
<title>Novel single-beam optical spectrophotometer for fast luminescence, absorption, and reflection measurements of turbid materials</title> (1994)

A novel spectrophotometer as based on the deflection of a secondary element for measuring clear and highly turbid materials within the millisecond time range has been developed. The number of optical components of the monochromator is reduced to the absolute minimum. This results in excellent light-throughput and a low stray-light level. The spectrophotometer has been designed allowing spectral measurements of absorption, transmission, reflection and luminescence in a single beam mode as documented by various examples. Its design is highly flexible and the price/quality relation might be adopted to the envisaged purpose. An appropriate computer-program providing data acquisition, control functions as well as numerous analytical capabilities has been developed on the basis of the compiler language power basic; indispensably `fast routines' are written in assembler language.
Sherris medical microbiology : an introduction to infectious diseases (1994)

The bacterial cell biology viruses host parasite interactions, spread and control of infection, laboratory diagnosis of infection pathogenic bacteria pathogenic viruses pathogenic fungi parasites local and systemic infections advancing fronts in medical microbiology. Appendix: additional pathogenic organisms.
[Normal data for hemorrhagometry (author's transl)]. (1975)

Normal data for hemorrhagometry were established in 43 control persons, aged between 4 and 14 years. At room temperature the mean value for bleeding time was 4.61 min. (upper limit of normal 7.7 min.), the mean hemoglobin loss, which corresponds to the blood loss, was 4.34 mg (upper limit 14.74 mg), the mean value for maximal bleeding intensity was 21.4 mug hemoglobin/sec. (upper limit 48.8). When hemorrhagometry is performed at 17 degrees C (cold tolerance test) bleeding time is prolonged (mean 9.02 min., upper limit 14.3 min.), bleeding intensity increases (mean 32.4 mug Hb/sec., upper limit 81.3 mug/sec.), and hemoglobin loss rises (mean 11.07 mg, upper limit 31.36 mg). Bleeding time determinations according to IVY yield shorter values (mean 2.99 min., upper limit 4.5 min.) than those obtained by hemorrhagometry at room temperature. There was no positive correlation between hemorrhagometry parameters and age, sex, and number of thrombocytes, as long as thrombocyte counts above 100.000/mm3.
Inhibition of prostacyclin by treatment of endothelium with aspirin. Correlation with platelet adherence. (1979)

Aspirin treatment of cultured endothelial cells from the umbilical vein increased the adherence of 51Cr-platelets when thrombin was present. If the cyclooxygenase activity of endothelium was inhibited by aspirin, as it is in the platelet, reduction of endogenous prostacyclin (PGI2) production could have been responsible. By correlating thrombin-induced adherence of platelets to endothelial monolayers with PGI2 release (as measured by radioimmunoassay for 6-keto-prostaglandin FI1 alpha [6-keto-PGF1 alpha]), we have demonstrated an inverse relationship between platelet adherence and PGI2 levels. Untreated endothelial monolayers exposed to thrombin and platelets resulted in 4% platelet adherence and 107 nM 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. With 0.1 mM aspirin treatment, which is known to block platelet cyclooxygenase, adherence was 5% and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha decreased to 45 nM. Increasing the aspirin concentration to 1 mM resulted in 44% adherence and less than 3 nM 6-keto-PGF1 alpha. When 25 nM exogenous PGI2 was added to 1 mM aspirin-treated endothelium, adherence returned to 5%. The increase in thrombin-induced platelet adherence to 1 mM aspirin-treated monolayers was reversed 2 h after removal of the aspirin solution. 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha returned to 37% of the untreated monolayer value. Recovery from the aspirin effect did not occur when cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was present during the 2-h period.
Tramadol and acetaminophen combination for chronic non-cancer pain (2013)

Combination therapy with tramadol and acetaminophen reduces pain outcomes in several types of chronic non-cancer pains. However, the effect is limited and is based on short duration trials and is associated with a significant adverse effect profile. There are few data comparing other pharmacological options and also sparse evidence to confirm benefits of the putative synergism of tramadol with acetaminophen. Nevertheless, other medications used for these chronic pains also have appreciable side effects and the combination may have a role to play. Increasing incidence of tramadol-associated deaths may lead to legislative changes that could alter prescription trends of tramadol-based medication.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Columnar Supramolecular Assemblies Formed from Ionic Metal-Free Phthalocyanine on Au(111) (2011)

Highly ordered assemblies prepared from tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) phthalocyanine (TSPc) by employing very acidic aqueous solutions were deposited onto Au(111) substrates and studied in UHV using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and orbital mediated tunneling spectroscopy (OMTS). XPS of the TSPc aggregates shows that the ratio of protonated to unprotonated nitrogens does not change with decreasing solution pH. STM images of TSPc deposited from pH <1 solutions reveal ordered branched web-like assemblies hundreds of nanometers in length, generally 2 nm tall and having variable widths. High-resolution UHV-STM images of TSPc aggregates on Au(111) reveal detailed coherent columnar architecture with the phthalocyanine macrocycles orientated parallel to the substrate surface. OMTS was used to identify high-energy occupied orbitals, the LUMO of the TSPc aggregates, and the results are contrasted with the same molecular states in unsubstituted metalated phthalocyanines (MPc’s). The positions of the filled and the empty states of the TSPc are comparable to those of other unsubstituted MPc’s, indicating that the electronegative sulfonate substituents have minimal effect on the electronic properties of the macrocycle in this aggregated state on Au. The HOMO–LUMO separation of the TSPc is slightly >2 eV, a value consistent with the literature assignments for the Pc ring band gap.
Genetic analysis of defecation in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1990)

Defecation in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is achieved by a cyclical stereotyped motor program. The first step in each cycle is contraction of a set of posterior body muscles (pBoc), followed by contraction of a set of anterior body muscles (aBoc), and finally contraction of specialized anal muscles that open the anus and expel intestinal contents (Exp). By testing existing behavioral mutants and screening for new mutants that become constipated due to defects in defecation, I have identified 18 genes that are involved in defecation. Mutations in 16 of these genes affect specific parts of the motor program: mutations in two genes specifically affect the pBoc step; mutations in four genes affect the aBoc step; mutations in four genes affect the Exp step; and mutations in six genes affect both aBoc and Exp. Mutations in two other genes affect the defecation cycle period but have a normal motor program. Sensory inputs that regulate the cycle timing in the wild type are also described. On the basis of the phenotypes of the defecation mutants and of double mutants, I suggest a formal genetic pathway for the control of the defecation motor program.
Defective erythroid maturation in gelsolin mutant mice (2012)

In BALB/c mice, gelsolin deficiency alters the equilibrium between erythrocyte actin polymerization and depolymerization, causing impaired terminal maturation. We suggest a non-redundant role for gelsolin in terminal erythroid differentiation, possibly contributing to the Gsn(-/-) mice lethality observed in mid-gestation.
Respuesta hidrodinámica de un plasma en una fulguración solar (1992)

Se propone un modelo hidrodinámico para fulguraciones solares confinadas, suponiendo que la energía es liberada en forma de calor en el ápice de un arco magnético o loop (fuente térmica). El cálculo numérico que se realiza es lagrangiano, en contraste con modelos anteriores que son eulerianos. Debido a que la presión magnética es mucho mayor que la de plasma, trabajamos con loops rígidos que confinan al gas. Se puede observar a lo largo de la simulación un frente conductivo térmico que desciende hacía la cromosfera solar, elevando la temperatura del plasma. Este plasma caliente emite en rayos X blandos (región coronal) y en EUV (región de transición). También se observa material cromosférico que se expande hacia la corona, debido a los gradientes de presión que aparecen durante ia evolución del plasma. Los perfiles de líneas de emisión en rayos X blandos (CaXIX) y EUV (NV) que surgen del modelo son comparados con las observaciones. Se sugieren también algunas modificaciones al modelo que corrigen algunas discrepancias con las observaciones. También se analizan las mejoras introducidas por el tratamiento lagrangiano de la simulación numérica.
Null Mutation of the Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate–Oxidase Subunit <i>p67</i> <sup> <i>phox</i> </sup> Protects the Dahl-S Rat From Salt-Induced Reductions in Medullary Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate (2014)

Null mutations in the p67(phox) subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase confer protection from salt sensitivity on Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Here, we track the sequential changes in medullary blood flow (MBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary protein, and mean arterial pressure in SSp67(phox) null rats and wild-type littermates during 21 days of 4.0% NaCl high-salt (HS) diet. Optical fibers were implanted in the renal medulla and MBF was measured in conscious rats by laser Doppler flowmetry. Separate groups of rats were prepared with femoral venous catheters and GFR was measured by the transcutaneous assessment of fluorescein isothiocyanate-sinistrin disappearance curves. Mean arterial blood pressure was measured by telemetry. In wild-type rats, HS caused a rapid reduction in MBF, which was significantly lower than control values by HS day-6. Reduced MBF was associated with a progressive increase in mean arterial pressure, averaging 170±5 mm Hg by HS salt day-21. A significant reduction in GFR was evident on day-14 HS, after the onset of hypertension and reduced MBF. In contrast, HS had no significant effect on MBF in SSp67(phox) null rats and the pressor response to sodium was blunted, averaging 150±3 mm Hg on day-21 HS. GFR was maintained throughout the study and proteinuria was reduced. In summary, when p67(phox) is not functional in the salt-sensitive rats, HS does not cause reduced MBF and salt-sensitive hypertension is attenuated, and consequently renal injury is reduced and GFR is maintained.
Ring-laser tests of fundamental physics and geophysics (1997)

HeNe ring-laser gyros are standard sensors in inertial guidance; mirror reflectances now reach 99.9999%. Present research instruments have an area of , a passive quality factor of , and a resolution of the frequency difference of counter-rotating optical beams approaching microhertz. In the Sagnac effect, this difference is proportional to the angular velocity. Present resolution is limited by thermal drifts in frequency pulling, itself reflecting mirror backscatter. The capability of ring lasers for measurements of geodesic interest, including seismometry and earth tides, and for detection of other sources of non-reciprocal refractive indices, including axions and CP violation, are discussed. In standard polarization geometries the observable is necessarily time-reversal odd. Scaling rules for dimensions, finesse etc summarizing past progress and suggesting future potential are given.
Network I/O Virtualization for Cloud Computing (2010)

Network I/O virtualization is essential in data-center hosts to provide network connectivity to virtual machines. Learn about this technology and its challenges, as well as new trends for achieving scalable data-center networking for cloud computing.
Mutagenesis of <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> (1985)

Mutagenesis of the obligate anaerobe Clostridium acetobutylicum was best accomplished using agents (e.g. ethyl methane sulphonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine) which are believed to act by a direct mutagenic mechanism. Other agents (e.g. u.v. radiation) whose effectiveness relies on misrepair of damaged DNA via an error-prone pathway, were poor mutagens of this organism. Procedures are described which readily yielded a variety of auxotrophic and other useful mutant strains of Cl. acetobutylicum and related saccharolytic clostridia.
Renaturation of disulfide‐linked procollagen (1974)

Abstract Disulfide‐linked, triple‐stranded procollagen (pro γ 112) was isolated from chick embryo skull bones. It was reversibly denatured and renatured as judged by sedimentation properties and susceptibility to digestion with pepsin. Refolding was an intramolecular process and aggregation between molecules did not occur.