gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plant mitochondrial nucleic acid sequences as a tool for phylogenetic analysis. (1994)

To evaluate the potential of mitochondrial nucleic acid sequences as a phylogenetic tool, we have analyzed cytochrome oxidase subunit III (coxIII) coding sequences in representatives of the major groups of land plants. The phylogenetic tree derived from these mitochondrial sequences confirms the monophyletic origin of land plant mitochondria with the general order and descent of land plants deduced by other molecular, physiological, and morphological traits. The mitochondrial sequences strongly suggest a close phylogenetic relationship between Bryophyta and Lycopodiatae, whereas Psilophytatae cluster with the other vascular plants. In addition to the high sequence similarity, both Hepaticophytina and Lycopodiatae contain a related intron in the coxIII gene that, to our knowledge, is not found in any other plant species. The slowly evolving mitochondrial sequences of plants are shown to provide a useful phylogenetic tool to evaluate distant evolutionary relationships within this kingdom.
A Effective Method to Suppress Induced Phase Noise (2008)

A compensated technique is used to suppress the mechanical vibration-induced phase noise of quartz crystal oscillators.The tuning signal with varying magnitude and phase compensation of the polarization is transfered into oscillator to suppress phase noise.Laboratory tests demonstrate that vibration-induced phase noise of acrystal oscillator under mechanicl vibration is significantly suppressed.
Anhydrocholine (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAnhydrocholinePaul Haberfield and Jeffrey PessinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 23, 3773–3774Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00885a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (265 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Controlled nanometric fibers of self-assembled designed protein scaffolds (2014)

The use of biological molecules as platforms for templating and nanofabrication is an emerging field. Here, we use designed protein building blocks based on small repetitive units (consensus tetratricopeptide repeat - CTPR) to generate fibrillar linear nanostructures by controlling the self-assembly properties of the units. We fully characterize the kinetics and thermodynamics of the assembly and describe the polymerization process by a simple model that captures the features of the structures formed under defined conditions. This work, together with previously established functionalization potential, sets up the basis for the application of these blocks in the fabrication and templating of complex hybrid nanostructures.
Plain packaging of tobacco products: Lessons for the nextround of implementing countries (2020)

1. Moodie C, Hoek J, Scheffels J, Gallopel-Morvan K, Lindorff K. Plain packaging: Legislative differences in Australia, France, the UK, New Zealand and Norway, and options for strengthening regulations. Tob Control. 2019;28:485-492. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2018-054483. CrossRef Google Scholar
Burden of Methicillin‐Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: Focus on Clinical and Economic Outcomes (2007)

Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are a major public concern. Hospital-acquired MRSA rates have steadily increased over the past 25 years, and the bacterial strain is making inroads to the community. The morbidity and mortality burden of MRSA infection is compounded by delayed or inappropriate antibiotic treatment, taking a toll on health care resources that are already stretched thin. Vancomycin has historically been the drug of choice for this pathogen because its broad spectrum can address the multidrug resistance of most MRSA infections. Despite its sustained in vitro microbiologic inhibitory activity, researchers are beginning to question the continued utility of vancomycin for MRSA infections. Evidence against vancomycin is most notable with regard to nosocomial pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infections. In addition, because vancomycin must be administered intravenously, patients typically require prolonged hospitalization, which further increases the cost of MRSA treatment and exposes patients to additional nosocomial infections. Recent studies have shown that antibiotics with good bioavailability, such as linezolid, can be given orally to facilitate early hospital discharge, thus alleviating the economic burden of MRSA infections. Several agents have been developed over the past decade that have excellent in vitro activity against MRSA. Further studies are needed to determine if these drugs can better eradicate MRSA than vancomycin and remedy the adverse outcomes frequently observed with this organism.
Corneal Vascularization and Opacification During Long-Term Use of Dipivefrin (1995)

Dipivefrin hydrochloride is a lipophilic prodrug for epinephrine hydrochloride, allowing lower concentration of the drug to achieve the same intraocular pressure lowering effect and having also less harmful effects than epinephrine hydrochloride. However, harmful effects have been associated also with the use of dipivefrin and here we report of a case of corneal vascularization during long-term use of dipivefrin.
Monte Carlo techniques for scattering foil design and dosimetry in total skin electron irradiations (2005)

Total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) with single fields requires large electron beams having good dose uniformity, dmax at the skin surface, and low bremsstrahlung contamination. To satisfy these requirements, energy degraders and scattering foils have to be specially designed for the given accelerator and treatment room. We used Monte Carlo (MC) techniques based on EGS4 user codes (BEAM, DOSXYZ, and DOSRZ) as a guide in the beam modifier design of our TSEI system. The dosimetric characteristics at the treatment distance of 382 cm source-to-surface distance (SSD) were verified experimentally using a linear array of 47 ion chambers, a parallel plate chamber, and radiochromic film. By matching MC simulations to standard beam measurements at 100 cm SSD, the parameters of the electron beam incident on the vacuum window were determined. Best match was achieved assuming that electrons were monoenergetic at 6.72 MeV, parallel, and distributed in a circular pattern having a Gaussian radial distribution with full width at half maximum = 0.13 cm. These parameters were then used to simulate our TSEI unit with various scattering foils. Two of the foils were fabricated and experimentally evaluated by measuring off-axis dose uniformity and depth doses. A scattering foil, consisting of a 12 x 12 cm2 aluminum plate of 0.6 cm thickness and placed at isocenter perpendicular to the beam direction, was considered optimal. It produced a beam that was flat within +/-3% up to 60 cm off-axis distance, dropped by not more than 8% at a distance of 90 cm, and had an x-ray contamination of <3%. For stationary beams, MC-computed dmax, Rp, and R50 agreed with measurements within 0.5 mm. The MC-predicted surface dose of the rotating phantom was 41% of the dose rate at dmax of the stationary phantom, whereas our calculations based on a semiempirical formula in the literature yielded a drop to 42%. The MC simulations provided the guideline of beam modifier design for TSEI and estimated the dosimetric performance for stationary and rotational irradiations.
Efficient Hardware Architectures for Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is the state-of-the-art deep learning approach employed in various applications. Real-time CNN implementations in resource limited embedded systems are becoming highly desired recently. To ensure the programmable flexibility and shorten the development period, field programmable gate array is appropriate to implement the CNN models. However, the limited bandwidth and on-chip memory storage are the bottlenecks of the CNN acceleration. In this paper, we propose efficient hardware architectures to accelerate deep CNN models. The theoretical derivation of parallel fast finite impulse response algorithm (FFA) is introduced. Based on FFAs, the corresponding fast convolution units (FCUs) are developed for the computation of convolutions in the CNN models. Novel data storage and reuse schemes are proposed, where all intermediate pixels are stored on-chip and the bandwidth requirement is reduced. We choose one of the largest and most accurate networks, VGG16, and implement it on Xilinx Zynq ZC706 and Virtex VC707 boards, respectively. We achieve the top-5 accuracy of 86.25% using an equal distance non-uniform quantization method. It is estimated that the average performances are 316.23 GOP/s under 172-MHz working frequency on Xilinx ZC706 and 1250.21 GOP/s under 170-MHz working frequency on VC707, respectively. In brief, the proposed design outperforms the existing works significantly, in particular, surpassing related designs by more than two times in terms of resource efficiency.
The Synthesis and SAR of 2‐Amino‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines: A New Class of Aurora‐A Kinase Inhibitors. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diesel Emission Control in Review (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper summarizes the key developments in diesel emission control, generally for 2005. Regulatory targets for the next 10 years and projected advancements in engine technology are used to estimate future emission control needs. Recent NOx control developments on selective catalytic reduction (SCR), lean NOx traps (LNT) and lean NOx catalysts (LNC) are then summarized. Likewise, the paper covers important recent developments on diesel particulate filters (DPFs), summarizing regeneration strategies, new filter and catalyst materials, ash management, and PM measurement. Recent developments in diesel oxidation catalysts are also briefly summarized. Finally, the paper discusses examples of how it is all pulled together to meet the tightest future regulations.</div>
Reduction of Nitroaromatic Compounds on Supported Gold Nanoparticles by Visible and Ultraviolet Light (2010)

Shedding light: Nitroaromatic compounds on gold nanoparticles (3 wt %) supported on ZrO2 can be reduced directly to the corresponding azo compounds when illuminated with visible light or ultraviolet light at 40 °C (see picture). The process occurs with high selectivity and at ambient temperature and pressure, and enables the selection of intermediates that are unstable in thermal reactions. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<title>Application of sub-ns pulsed LEDs in fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy</title> (2002)

Lifetime analysis of laser induced fluorescence by means of Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting (TCSPC) provides a powerful discrimination method to distinguish molecules of interest from background and other species. This has made the technique extremely valuable for sensitive analysis down to the single molecule level. We have developed the first complete range of compact picosecond to nanosecond excitation sources for fluorescence lifetime measurements based on laser diodes and LEDs. Using a common driver with interchangeable LED and laser heads the system is adaptable to almost all of the needs for sensitive chemical and biochemical analysis. The sources provide pulse durations under one nanosecond and repetition rates up to 80 MHz. These features qualify them for use in fast TCSPC applications, in particular where short data acquisition time is crucial. The sources can be used in combination with common inexpensive single photon detectors such as Photomultiplier Tubes and Single Photon Avalanche Photodiodes. Compact, low cost and easy to use fluorescence lifetime spectrometers can be built from these sources together with integrated TCSPC electronics. We will demonstrate the performance of the sources and complete systems in terms of power, repetition rate, stability, IRF and fluorescence decay fit quality in various setups and with different fluorescent materials.
The Disease Resistance Signaling Components <i>EDS1</i> and <i>PAD4</i> Are Essential Regulators of the Cell Death Pathway Controlled by <i>LSD1</i> in Arabidopsis (2001)

Specific recognition of pathogens is mediated by plant disease resistance (R) genes and translated into a successful defense response. The extent of associated hypersensitive cell death varies from none to an area encompassing cells surrounding an infection site, depending on the R gene activated. We constructed double mutants in Arabidopsis between positive regulators of R function and a negative regulator of cell death, LSD1, to address whether genes required for normal R function also regulate the runaway cell death observed in lsd1 mutants. We report here that EDS1 and PAD4, two signaling genes that mediate some but not all R responses, also are required for runaway cell death in the lsd1 mutant. Importantly, this novel function of EDS1 and PAD4 is operative when runaway cell death in lsd1 is initiated through an R gene that does not require EDS1 or PAD4 for disease resistance. NDR1, another component of R signaling, also contributes to the control of plant cell death. The roles of EDS1 and PAD4 in regulating lsd1 runaway cell death are related to the interpretation of reactive oxygen intermediate-derived signals at infection sites. We further demonstrate that the fate of superoxide at infection sites is different from that observed at the leading margins of runaway cell death lesions in lsd1 mutants.
On the texture profile analysis test (2012)

The texture profile analysis or TPA has been widely used for food products characterisation and quality control since it was invented by the General Foods Corporation Technical Centre in 1963. However not all the textural parameters defined in the original test are correct and useful. In addition, the results can be very misleading if the test is not conducted with the proper operational settings. This paper describes a number of key considerations for a successful textural analysis.
W.L.: Machine learning techniques for supporting renewable energy generation and integration: A survey. In: Data Analytics for Renewable Energy (2014)

Abstract. The extraction of energy from renewable sources is rapidly growing. The current pace of technological development makes it com-mercially viable to harness energy from sun, wind, geothermal and many other renewable sources. Because of the negative effects on the envi-ronment and the economy, conventional energy sources like natural gas, crude oil and coal are coming under political and economic pressure. Thus, they require a better mix of energy sources with a higher per-centage of renewable energy sources. Harnessing energy from renewable sources range from small scale (e.g., a single household) to large scale (e.g., power plants producing several MWs to a few GWs providing en-ergy to an entire city). An inherent characteristic common to all renew-able power plants is that power generation is dependent on environmental parameters and thus cannot be fully controlled or planned for in advance. In a power grid, it is necessary to predict the amount of power that will be generated in the future, including those from the renewable sources, as fluctuations in capacity and/or quality can have negative impacts on the physical health of the entire grid as well as the quality of life of its users. As renewable power plants continue to expand, it will also be nec-essary to determine their optimal sizes, locations and configurations. In addition, management of the smart grid, in which the renewable energy plants are integrated, is also a challenging problem. In this paper we pro-vide a survey on different machine learning techniques used to address the above issues related to renewable energy generation and integration.
The Triplet Code From First Principles (2004)

Temporal order ("chronology") of appearance of amino acids and their respective codons on evolutionary scene is reconstructed. A consensus chronology of amino acids is built on the basis of 60 different criteria each offering certain temporal order. After several steps of filtering the chronology vectors are averaged resulting in the consensus order: G, A, D, V, P, S, E, (L, T), R, (I, Q, N), H, K, C, F, Y, M, W. It reveals two important features: the amino acids synthesized in imitation experiments of S. Miller appeared first, while the amino acids associated with codon capture events came last. The reconstruction of codon chronology is based on the above consensus temporal order of amino acids, supplemented by the stability and complementarity rules first suggested by M. Eigen and P. Schuster, and on the earlier established processivity rule. At no point in the reconstruction the consensus amino-acid chronology was in conflict with these three rules. The derived genealogy of all 64 codons suggested several important predictions that are confirmed. The reconstruction of the origin and evolutionary history of the triplet code becomes, thus, a powerful research tool for molecular evolution studies, especially in its early stages.
Performance studies of four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (2011)

Four-dimensional cone beam computed tomography (4DCBCT) has been proposed to characterize the breathing motion of tumors before radiotherapy treatment. However, when the acquired cone beam projection data are retrospectively gated into several respiratory phases, the available data to reconstruct each phase is under-sampled and thus causes streaking artifacts in the reconstructed images. To solve the under-sampling problem and improve image quality in 4DCBCT, various methods have been developed. This paper presents performance studies of three different 4DCBCT methods based on different reconstruction algorithms. The aims of this paper are to study (1) the relationship between the accuracy of the extracted motion trajectories and the data acquisition time of a 4DCBCT scan and (2) the relationship between the accuracy of the extracted motion trajectories and the number of phase bins used to sort projection data. These aims will be applied to three different 4DCBCT methods: conventional filtered backprojection reconstruction (FBP), FBP with McKinnon-Bates correction (MB) and prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) reconstruction. A hybrid phantom consisting of realistic chest anatomy and a moving elliptical object with known 3D motion trajectories was constructed by superimposing the analytical projection data of the moving object to the simulated projection data from a chest CT volume dataset. CBCT scans with gantry rotation times from 1 to 4 min were simulated, and the generated projection data were sorted into 5, 10 and 20 phase bins before different methods were used to reconstruct 4D images. The motion trajectories of the moving object were extracted using a fast free-form deformable registration algorithm. The root mean square errors (RMSE) of the extracted motion trajectories were evaluated for all simulated cases to quantitatively study the performance. The results demonstrate (1) longer acquisition times result in more accurate motion delineation for each method; (2) ten or more phase bins are necessary in 4DCBCT to ensure sufficient temporal resolution in tumor motion and (3) to achieve the same performance as FBP-4DCBCT with a 4 min data acquisition time, MB-4DCBCT and PICCS-4DCBCT need about 2- and 1 min data acquisition times, respectively.
Design and Control of a PM Brushless Hybrid Generator for Wind Power Application (2006)

In this paper, a new permanent magnet (PM) brushless hybrid machine is proposed and implemented for wind power generation. The originality is that a small dc field winding and an extra air-bridge are incorporated in the machine so that the air-gap flux can be effectively strengthened or weakened to online keep the output voltage constant throughout the whole wind speed range. The characteristics of flux linkage and no-load electromotive force (EMF) are analyzed by using the finite element method (FEM), and these results agree well with those from magnetic circuit analysis. Experimental results also verify that the proposed machine can produce a constant output voltage over a wide wind speed range
Coherent Control of Population Transfer between Vibrational States in an Optical Lattice via Two-Path Quantum Interference (2013)

We demonstrate coherent control of population transfer between vibrational states in an optical lattice by using interference between a one-phonon transition at 2ω and a two-phonon transition at ω. The ω and 2ω transitions are driven by phase- and amplitude-modulation of the lattice laser beams, respectively. By varying the relative phase of these two pathways, we control the branching ratio between transitions to the first excited state and those to the higher states. Our best result shows a branching ratio of 17±2, which is the highest among coherent control experiments using analogous schemes. Such quantum control techniques may find broad application in suppressing leakage errors in a variety of quantum information architectures.
SPECT reconstruction using a backpropagation neural network implemented on a massively parallel SIMD computer (2003)

The feasibility of reconstructing a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image via the parallel implementation of a backpropagation neural network is shown. The MasPar MP-1 is a single-instruction multiple-data (SIMD) massively parallel machine, composed of a 128*128 array of 4-bit processors. The neural network is distributed on the array by dedicating a processor to each node and each interconnection of the network. An 8*8 SPECT image slice section is projected into eight planes. It is shown that, based on the projections, the neural network can produce the original SPECT slice image exactly. Likewise, when trained on two parallel slices, separated by one slice, the neural network is able to reproduce the center, untrained image to an RMS (root mean square) error of 0.001928.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>