gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the development and application of maintenance policies for a two-component system with failure dependence (1998)

Maintenance policies for two-component systems with failure dependence and economic dependence are considered in this paper. Policies considered are of the age-based replacement and opportunistic age-based replacement type. Where tractable, long-run costs per unit time are calculated using renewal-theory-based arguments; otherwise simulation studies are carried out. The management implications for the adoption of the various policies are discussed. The usefulness of the results in the paper is illustrated through application to a particular two-component system.
Increased Expression of TLR3 in Lymph Nodes during Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Implications for Inflammation and Immunodeficiency (2005)

As pattern recognition receptors, TLRs signal and induce expression of multiple host defense genes including proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. To investigate the mechanisms of up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines during SIV infection in rhesus macaques, we measured the relative levels of expression of TLRs 1-10 in lymphoid tissues during different stages of SIV infection. By real-time RT-PCR, TLR3 was determined to be up-regulated in macaque lymph nodes (LN) throughout the course of infection, whereas TLR9 was down-regulated during early stages of infection. CXCL9/Mig, CXCL10/IP-10, IFN-gamma, and IFN-alpha mRNAs were also increased during acute SIV infection and AIDS. Treatment of macaque spleen and LN cells with TLR3 and TLR9 ligands led to the induction of these same genes. TLR3 stimulation had disparate effects on viral transcription and viral replication, because poly(I:C), a model TLR3 ligand, stimulated the viral promoter but potently inhibited SIV replication in primary cultures of macaque spleen and LN cells. These findings identify roles for TLR3 inflammation in lymphoid tissues and in the immunopathogenesis of HIV-1/SIV, and suggest that TLR3 ligands could potentially be used to flush out latently infected cells that persist during antiretroviral therapies.
Timing and design closure in physical design flows (2003)

A physical design flow consists of producing a production-worthy layout from a gate-level netlist subject to a set of constraints. This paper focuses on the problems imposed by shrinking process technologies. It exposes the problems of timing closure, signal integrity, design variable dependencies, clock and power/ground routing, and design signoff. It also surveys some physical design flows, and outlines a refinement-based flow.
[Sclero-atrophic keratodermal genodermatosis of the extremities (sclerotylosis) (author's transl)]. (1978)

The authors report a new case of sclero-atrophic keratodermal genodermatosis of the extremities, which is frequently degenerative. This condition, described by Huriez et al. in 1967, is characterized by symmetric lesions of the hands and feet, sclerodactyly, keratodermia, onychopathy and hypohidrosis. This disease, which is of dominant autosomal transmission, is associated with the MNSs trait, the two genes being probably located on chromosome No. 2.
SHORTER NOTICES (1996)

SHORTER NOTICES Get access ANNA BULL ANNA BULL University of Bath Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXI, Issue 442, June 1996, Pages 800–801, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXI.442.800 Published: 01 June 1996
A physical model for shear‐wave velocity prediction<sup>1</sup> (1996)

Abstract The clay‐sand mixture model of Xu and White is shown to simulate observed relationships between S‐wave velocity (or transit time), porosity and clay content. In general, neither S‐wave velocity nor S‐wave transit time is a linear function of porosity and clay content. For practical purposes, clay content is approximated by shale volume in well‐log applications. In principle, the model can predict S‐wave velocity from lithology and any pair of P‐wave velocity, porosity and shale volume. Although the predictions should be the same if all measurements are error free, comparison of predictions with laboratory and logging measurements show that predictions using P‐wave velocity are the most reliable. The robust relationship between S‐ and P‐wave velocities is due to the fact that both are similarly affected by porosity, clay content and lithology. Moreover, errors in the measured P‐wave velocity are normally smaller than those in porosity and shale volume, both of which are subject to errors introduced by imperfect models and imperfect parameters when estimated from logs. Because the model evaluates the bulk and shear moduli of the dry rock frame by a combination of Kuster and Toksöz’ theory and differential effective medium theory, using pore aspect ratios to characterize the compliances of the sand and clay components, the relationship between P‐ and S‐wave velocities is explicit and consistent. Consequently the model sidesteps problems and assumptions that arise from the lack of knowledge of these moduli when applying Gassmann's theory to this relationship, making it a very flexible tool for investigating how the v P ‐ v s relationship is affected by lithology, porosity, clay content and water saturation. Numerical results from the model are confirmed by laboratory and logging data and demonstrate, for example, how the presence of gas has a more pronounced effect on P‐wave velocity in shaly sands than in less compliant cleaner sandstones.
Short and robust experiments in relay autotuners (2017)

This paper demonstrates how second-order time-delayed models adequate for PID controller synthesis can be identified from significantly shorter relay experiments, than used in previous publications to obtain first-order time-delayed models. Apart from having good noise robustness properties, the proposed method explicitly addresses non-stationary initial states of the dynamics to be identified, and handles constant load disturbances.
A New Carbon Black-Rubber Coupling Agent to Improve Wet Grip and Rolling Resistance of Tires (1996)

Abstract The compound p -aminobenzenesulfonyl azide was developed as a new type of carbon black to rubber coupling agent. Its addition to rubber compounds increases resilience and moduli while reducing abrasion loss. The behavior of this coupling agent is confirmed by the dynamic mechanical response of the vulcanizates—the rubber T g is shifted to higher temperatures. Rubber compositions containing this coupling agent may be used in tire treads to reduce rolling resistance and improve wet skid resistance. These attributes were estimated from dynamic property measurements.
3D Character Customization for Non-Professional Users in Handheld Augmented Reality (2016)

In gaming, customizing individual characters, can create personal bonds between players and their characters. Hence, character customization is a standard component in many games. While mobile Augmented Reality (AR) games become popular, to date, no 3D character editor for AR games exists. We investigate the feasibility of 3D character customization for smartphone-based AR in an iterative design process.Specifically, we present findings from creating AR prototypes in a handheld AR setting. In a first user study, we found that a tangible AR prototype resulted in higher hedonistic measures than a camerabased approach. In a follow up study, we compared the tangible AR prototype with a non-AR touchscreen version for selection, scaling, translation and rotation tasks in a 3D character customization setting. The tangible AR version resulted in significantly better results for stimulation and novelty measures than the non-AR version. At the same time, it maintained a proficient level in pragmatic measures such as accuracy and efficiency.
An interdomain binding site on HIV-1 Nef interacts with PACS-1 and PACS-2 on endosomes to down-regulate MHC-I (2012)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory protein Nef directs virus escape from immune surveillance by subverting host cell intracellular signaling and membrane traffic to down-regulate cell-surface major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I). The interaction of Nef with the sorting proteins PACS-1 and PACS-2 mediates key signaling and trafficking steps required for Nef-mediated MHC-I down-regulation. Little is known, however, about the molecular basis underlying the Nef-PACS interaction. Here we identify the sites on Nef and the PACS proteins required for their interaction and describe the consequences of disrupting this interaction for Nef action. A previously unidentified cargo subsite on PACS-1 and PACS-2 interacted with a bipartite site on Nef formed by the EEEE(65) acidic cluster on the N-terminal domain and W(113) in the core domain. Mutation of these sites prevented the interaction between Nef and the PACS proteins on Rab5 (PACS-2 and PACS-1)- or Rab7 (PACS-1)-positive endosomes as determined by bimolecular fluorescence complementation and caused a Nef mutant defective in PACS binding to localize to distorted endosomal compartments. Consequently, disruption of the Nef-PACS interaction repressed Nef-induced MHC-I down-regulation in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Our results provide insight into the molecular basis of Nef action and suggest new strategies to combat HIV-1.
Games with a Purpose for the Semantic Web (2008)

Weaving the semantic Web requires that humans contribute their labor and judgment for creating, extending, and updating formal knowledge structures. Hiding such tasks behind online multiplayer games presents the tasks as fun and intellectually challenging entertainment. The games we've presented are the first prototypes of the OntoGame series. We're extending and improving the scenarios in several directions.
Stackless preemptive multi-threading for TinyOS (2011)

Programming support for multi-threaded applications on embedded microcontroller platforms has attracted a considerable amount of research attention in the recent years. This paper is focused on this problem, and presents UnStacked C, a source-to-source transformation that can translate multithreaded programs into stackless continuations. The transformation can support legacy code by not requiring any changes to application code, and only modifications to the underlying threading library. We describe the details of UnStacked C in the context of the TinyOS operating system for wireless sensor network applications. We present a modified implementation of the TOSThreads library for TinyOS, and show how existing applications programmed using TOSThreads can be automatically transformed to use stackless threads with only modifications in the build process. By eliminating the need to allocate individual thread stacks and by supporting lazy thread preemption, UnStacked C enables a considerable saving of memory used and power consumed, respectively.
Use of Linear Type and Production Data to Supplement Early Predicted Transmitting Abilities for Productive Life (1998)

Genetic evaluations for the length of productive life based on actual DHIA culling data have been available in the US since January 1994. Although substantial genetic variation in productive life exists, the reliability of selection is often low, particularly for recently progeny-tested bulls having daughters that have not yet had an opportunity to be culled. Correlated production and conformation traits, which have higher heritability than productive life and are available earlier in life, may be used to enhance evaluations of productive life for young bulls that have little or no direct culling information available. Genetic correlations between productive life and milk, fat, dairy form, and udder traits ranged from +0.22 to +0.46. The maximum reliability of the indirect prediction of productive life from 16 correlated type and production traits was 0.56, and the maximum reliability from a subset of 10 traits was 0.51. Indirect information about productive life that was derived from type and production traits was combined with actual culling information to increase the total amount of available information for many recently progeny-tested bulls. The procedures described herein for enhancing direct evaluations for the productive life of dairy sires with indirect information about production and type were implemented by the USDA Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory and the Holstein Association USA in July 1994.
Alpha 2-macroglobulin conformation determines binding affinity for activin A and plasma clearance of activin A/alpha 2-macroglobulin complex (1995)

Activin A is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family of growth factors and a potent regulator of cellular activity. A number of binding proteins for activin A have been identified, including alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M). Alpha 2M has several conformational states that are known to have different growth factor-binding properties. The effect of alpha 2M conformation on activin A binding has not been characterized. The aims of this study were to determine 1) whether activin A binds preferentially to the native (alpha 2M-N) or "activated" (alpha 2M*) conformation of alpha 2M, 2) the affinity of different alpha 2M conformations for activin A, and 3) the fate of activin A complexed with alpha 2M-N or alpha 2M* in vivo. [125I]Activin A associated with alpha 2M in plasma and follicular fluid and with purified alpha 2Ms. In this qualitative assay, more activin A was associated with alpha 2M* than with alpha 2M-N. The affinity of the activin A-alpha 2M interaction was determined. The Kd values for activin A-alpha 2M* and activin A-alpha 2M-N were 190 +/- 30 and 510 +/- 60 nM, respectively. The plasma clearance profiles and tissue distribution of uncomplexed activin A and purified alpha 2M*-activin A complex were determined. Radiolabeled activin A cleared in a biphasic manner, with rapid clearance over the initial 10 min and substantially slower clearance over the subsequent 20 min. During the slow phase of clearance, activin A formed a complex with circulating alpha 2M-N. In contrast, radiolabeled activin A-alpha 2M* complexes were rapidly cleared from plasma with a half-life of approximately 5 min and were specifically targeted to alpha 2M receptors in vivo. These studies reveal that alpha 2M can maintain activin A in the circulation or rapidly target the hormone for plasma clearance depending on the conformational state of the carrier protein in vivo.
Nuclear magnetic relaxation of 19F as a novel assay method of superoxide dismutase. (1979)

The 19F longitudinal nuclear magnetic relaxation rate (T-1(1p)) of F- solutions is greatly enhanced by copper, zinc or manganese superoxide dismutase. The measured T-1(1p) values are at least an order of magnitude, and in most cases 2 orders of magnitude, higher than those of other metal-containing proteins and low molecular weight complexes. This property is suitable for a direct, specific, and sensitive assay of superoxide dismutase, free of interference by other molecules. For mixtures of the copper, zinc and manganese enzymes, addition of CN- permits quantification of the relative amounts of each enzyme. In the case of copper, zinc enzyme, the method proved exquisitely sensitive to the native state of the active site. Results are reported to show that the 19F relaxation method can be used to assay biological fluids and crude homogenates for copper, zinc and manganese superoxide dismutases, under conditions that offer considerable advantages in comparison to other assay methods.
The biosynthesis of shikimate metabolites (1992)

P. M. Dewick, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1992, 9, 153 DOI: 10.1039/NP9920900153
임신기의 입덧 및 변비 증상과 임신부의 영양상태 및 신생아 체중과의 관계 (2003)

【Morning sickness during pregnancy is a very common functional problem with different kinds of symptom, but little data are available concerning the nutrition intervention program fur pregnant women in local area. A total of 152 pregnant women who had experienced morning sickness were surveyed to investigate the relationships between morning sickness, nutrient intakes and pregnancy outcome. The results showed that prevalent symptoms were nausea (68.4%), heartburn (59.2%), morning sickness (48.7%), vomiting (42.1%), and constipation (44.7%). The onset of the symptom occurred during the first 3 months (9.3 $\pm$ 2.3 weeks) ; 21.1% of the subjects was experienced two symptom at the same time. This significantly correlated with vomiting (p $\pm$ 0.42 kg, and the one and five minutes of Apgar scores were 7.74 $\pm$ 0.99 and 8.84 $\pm$ 0.69, respectively. There were negative correlations between vomiting and pregnancy outcomes (p】
Retinoic acid receptors as regulators of human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation (1992)

To examine the role of nuclear retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) in the regulation of squamous differentiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), we analyzed binding activity, mRNA expression, and transcriptional activity of the endogenously expressed RARs. Specific RA-binding activity eluted from size-exclusion HPLC with an apparent mol wt of 50 kilodaltons and was predominantly (greater than 95%) associated with the NHEK nuclear cell fraction. This RAR-binding activity represented in part the expression of RAR alpha and RAR gamma genes, whose transcripts were expressed in similar abundance in undifferentiated NHEK. Differentiation resulted in lower mRNA expression of RAR alpha relative to the mRNA expression of RAR gamma. Treatment of NHEK cells with 10(-6) M RA did not induce expression of RAR beta mRNA. Similarly, three squamous cell carcinoma cell lines derived from human skin and oral cavity expressed RAR alpha and RAR gamma transcripts, but not RAR beta transcripts. Transfection of NHEK with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmids indicated that the endogenously expressed RARs could activate transcription through the RAR beta response element in a concentration-dependent manner with doses of 10(-9) M RA and higher. CAT expression was not activated through TRE, a palindromic thyroid hormone response element with purported RA responsiveness. The competitive binding of benzoic acid derivatives of RA to RAR correlated with the ability of each analog to suppress mRNA expression of the squamous cell markers, involucrin, type I transglutaminase, and SQ37, and to activate transcription of the RAR beta response element-CAT reporter. These results demonstrate that the control of NHEK differentiation by RA is consistent with the interaction of the retinoid with RAR and the regulation of transcription by that ligand-receptor complex.
Grain structure and magnetism of nanocrystalline ferromagnets (1989)

Amorphous ribbons of composition Fe/sub 73.5/Cu/sub 1/Nb/sub 3/Si/sub 13.5/B/sub 9/ have been annealed above their crystallization temperature, which produces a homogeneous, ultrafine grain structure of alpha FeSi with typical grain diameters of 10-20 nm. The temperature dependence of saturation magnetization reveals two different magnetic phases which correspond to the alpha -FeSi grains and the grain boundary phase, respectively. The nanocrystalline material exhibits excellent soft magnetic properties which are discussed within the framework of the random anisotropy model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A modified 2:4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNP) method for the determination of ‘Pyrethrin I’ and “Pyrethrin II” (1959)

Abstract The previously reported 1 method for the estimation of “Pyrethrin I” (cinerin I + pyrethrin I), and “Pyrethrin II” (cinerin II + pyrethrin II) in pyrethrum preparations by the chromatographic separation of their 2 : 4‐dinitrophenylhydrazones has been examined and modified to give a method suitable for the rapid analysis of pyrethrum preparations. Degraded (inactive) pyrethrins are eliminated, the results obtained being those for true (active) pyrethrins. The coefficient of variation of the analytical figures is less than those previously reported 2 for methods involving a pre‐analytical removal of degraded pyrethrins.
Towards retro-projected robot faces: An alternative to mechatronic and android faces (2009)

This paper presents a new implementation of a robot face using retro-projection of a video stream onto a semitransparent facial mask. The technology is contrasted against mechatronic robot faces, of which Kismet is a typical example, and android robot faces, as used on the Ishiguro robots. The paper highlights the strengths of Retro-projected Animated Faces (RAF) technology (with cost, flexibility and robustness being notably strong) and discusses potential developments.
La inversión territorializada en el Grupo Fomento (2011)

This paper is focused on the gap between the regionalized investment foreseen in the budget bill to
that appropriated in the budget law, and, from the last one to the executed by the Spanish Ministry of
Public Works. In order to show the scope and limits of this research, section two is devoted to discuss
the ongoing process of �debudgetization� of investments. Then, we study the aforementioned
differences among budget bill, budget law, and budget liquidation. Econometric estimates show that
budgetary and economic variables are more relevant than political factors to account for both timeseries
cross-section differences in the degree of budget execution.
Governing the Commons (1990)

The governance of natural resources used by many individuals in common is an issue of increasing concern to policy analysts. Both state control and privatisation of resources have been advocated, but neither the state nor the market have been uniformly successful in solving common pool resource problems. Offering a critique of the foundations of policy analysis as applied to natural resources, Elinor Ostrom here provides a unique body of empirical data to explore conditions under which common pool resource problems have been satisfactorily or unsatisfactorily solved. Dr Ostrom first describes three models most frequently used as the foundation for recommending state or market solutions. She then outlines theoretical and empirical alternatives to these models in order to illustrate the diversity of possible solutions. In the following chapters she uses institutional analysis to examine different ways - both successful and unsuccessful - of governing the commons. In contrast to the proposition of the tragedy of the commons argument, common pool problems sometimes are solved by voluntary organisations rather than by a coercive state. Among the cases considered are communal tenure in meadows and forests, irrigation communities and other water rights, and fisheries.
An improved assay for IgG rheumatoid factor: its value in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. (1985)

A simple radioimmunoassay suitable for the routine estimation of IgG rheumatoid factors (IgG RF) has been developed. This involves determination of the amount of IgG RF binding to highly purified human IgG Fc on microtiter plates using a radiolabelled F(ab')2 preparation of an antihuman IgG Fd antiserum. A correction for nonspecific binding is made by subtracting sample reactivity with bovine serum albumin. Significantly elevated IgG RF levels were found only in patients with symmetrical peripheral erosive polyarthritis and in some patients with "mixed connective tissue disease."
[Physiology of human gamete interaction]. (1997)

Subzonal insemination was the first micromanipulation technique used in the treatment of male factor sterility. Analysis of the sperm pathology prior to patient inclusion in the program allowed us to study gamete interaction in the human and the early embryogenesis. A series of 523 cycles and 3,027 micro-injected oocytes is reported.