gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Explicit and Implicit Teaching of Multiple Representation Use in Physics Problem Solving (2007)

There exist both explicit and implicit approaches to teaching students how to solve physics problems involving multiple representations. In the former, students are taught explicit problem-solving approaches, such as lists of steps, and these approaches are emphasized throughout the course. In the latter, good problem-solving strategies are modeled for students by the instructor and homework and exams present problems that require multiple representation use, but students are rarely told explicitly to take a given approach. We report on comparative study of these two approaches; students at Rutgers University receive explicit instruction, while students from the University of Colorado receive implicit instruction. Students in each course solve five common electrostatics problems of varying difficulty. We compare student performances and their use of pictures and free-body diagrams. We also compare the instructional environments, looking at teaching approaches and the frequency of multiple-representation use in lectures and exams. We find that students learning via implicit instruction do slightly better and use multiple representations more often on the shorter problems, but that students learning via explicit instruction are more likely to generate correct free-body diagrams on the hardest problem.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pentafluorophenyl Isocyanide and Its Stabilization as a Ligand, Cp*Mn(CO)2(CN‐C6F5). (1988)

Abstract The title isocyanide (IV) is obtained for the first time in analytically pure form by dehalogenation of (III) with Mg in THF.
Carcinoid heart disease (2017)

Rare neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) that most commonly arise in the gastrointestinal tract can lead to carcinoid syndrome and carcinoid heart disease. Patients with carcinoid syndrome present with vasomotor changes, hypermotility of the gastrointestinal system, hypotension and bronchospasm. Medical therapy for carcinoid syndrome, typically with somatostatin analogues, can help control symptoms, inhibit tumour progression and prolong survival. Carcinoid heart disease occurs in more than 50% of these patients and is the initial presentation of carcinoid syndrome in up to 20% of patients. Carcinoid heart disease has characteristic findings of plaque-like deposits composed of smooth muscle cells, myofibroblasts, extracellular matrix and an overlying endothelial layer which can lead to valve dysfunction. Valvular dysfunction can lead to oedema, ascites and right-sided heart failure. Medical therapy of carcinoid heart disease is limited to symptom control and palliation. Valve surgery for carcinoid heart disease should be considered for symptomatic patients with controlled metastatic carcinoid syndrome. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to guide optimal management.
Localization of Placental Lactogen-l in Trophoblast Giant Cells of the Mouse Placenta1 (1991)

The purpose of this investigation was to identify the cellular origin of placental lactogen-I (PL-I) expression in the mouse placenta and to cytologically define the transition from PL-I to PL-II expression during gestation. PL-I mRNA expression was assessed by in situ hybridization, and expression of PL-I and PL-II protein was determined by immunocytochemical analysis. PL-I mRNA and protein were localized to trophoblast giant cells. Trophoblast giant cells ceased producing PL-I at midgestation and began expressing PL-II. PL-I immunoreactivity was present in trophoblast giant cells on Days 9 and 10 of gestation but was not detectable in trophoblast giant cells on Day 11 of gestation. Immunoreactive PL-II-producing giant cells were detected first on Day 10 of gestation, continuing on Day 11 of gestation. Expression of PL-I and PL-II signals a significant functional transition in trophoblast giant cells of the developing mouse placenta.
Multibanded Anterior Talofibular Ligaments in Normal Ankles and Sprained Ankles Using 3D Isotropic Proton Density–Weighted Fast Spin-Echo MRI Sequence (2013)

Multibanded Anterior Talofibular Ligaments in Normal Ankles and Sprained Ankles Using 3D Isotropic Proton Density–Weighted Fast Spin-Echo MRI SequenceHye Jung Choo1, Sun Joo Lee1, Dong Wook Kim1, Hae Woong Jeong1 and Heuichul Gwak2Audio Available | Share
[Mechanical stimulation of isolated outer hair cells as a test system. Inhibition of transduction by streptomycin treatment]. (1993)

Deflection of the hair bundle of isolated outer hair cells from the guinea pig cochlea can induce a receptor potential. Outer hair cells from the third and fourth turns of the guinea pig cochlea were isolated according to the method described by Zenner et al. Cells were maintained in Hank's balanced salt solution at room temperature. The whole cell potential was measured by the patch-clamp technique with soda glass capillaries (resistance 3-5 M omega) filled with KCl-Ringer solution. After compensation for the junction potential the stable resting potential of 46 cells was -63 mV +/- 5 mV. The hair bundle was deflected sinusoidally, with amplitudes ranging from 6 degrees to a maximum of 31 degrees in the positive direction (i.e., in the direction of the longest stereocilium). The stimulus was a piezo-driven glass capillary with an opening diameter of 5 microns. This mechanical stimulation induced in 33% of all stimulated cells (n = 46) a receptor potential response of 2.1 +/- 1.4 mV (maximally 5.5 mV). Deflection of the hair bundle in the opposite direction led to no change in the membrane potential, i.e. the cells were not hyperpolarized (minimal resolution 0.5 mV). Since the resting potential of the cells was more positive than the potassium equilibrium potential under our experimental conditions, the receptor current was most likely mediated by an influx of Na+ ions into the cell. The receptor potential response could be completely and reversibly blocked by the addition of dihydro-streptomycin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SERUM MAGNESIUM IN DELIRIUM TREMENS AND ALCOHOLIC HALLUCINOSIS1 (1959)

MENDELSON, JACK M.D.; WEXLER, DONALD M.D.; KUBZANSKY, PHILIP Ph.D.; LEIDERMAN, HERBERT P. M.D.; SOLOMON, PHILIP M.D. Author Information
Peer-to-Peer Naming Architecture for Integrated Wireline/Wireless Networks (2007)

In this paper, we propose a Peer-to-Peer naming architecture for integrated wireline/wireless networks that takes into account the expected changes in the next generation all-IP networks, and harnesses the emerging trends that are expected to shape such networks. This paper mainly focuses on the potential of Peer-to-Peer concepts in designing a scalable, flexible, and robust naming architecture, allowing efficient name resolution, resource discovery, and mobility support. The goal of this paper is to present the architecture suggested for naming, rather than to study its performance. This new use of the Peer-to-Peer paradigm is analyzed through some sample simulations.
High sensitivity detection of /sup 133g/Xe via delayed coincidence counting (2002)

Sensitive detection of Xe fission products is needed for monitoring the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has developed an automated system for separating Xe from air which includes a beta-gamma counting system for /sup 131m/Xe, and /sup 133g/Xe, /sup 133m/Xe, and /sup 135g/Xe. Even greater sensitivity for /sup 133g/Xe can be achieved by use of the delayed coincidence between beta particles which feed the 81-keV state in /sup 133/Cs and the in conversion electrons produced in the deexcitation of the 81-keV state (t/sub 1/2/=6.36 ns). Besides the ability to detect /sup 133g/Xe with 0 background, this technique distinguishes /sup 133g/Xe from /sup 131m/Xe and /sup 133m/Xe.
Effects of rough handling on short chain fatty acid production and gastrointestinal pH in broilers and modulatory role of Lactobacilli (2011)

The influence of stress due to rough handling (RH) on gastrointestinal tract (GIT) environmental pH, concentration of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and modulatory roles of two Lactobacillus strains was investigated in broiler chickens. Equal number of chicks was randomly assigned to one of the following treatment groups; (i): no handling + basal diet (control), (ii): RH and + basal diet (RH-BD), (iii): RH + basal diet supplemented with 10 7 CFU of each Lactobacillus strain per gram of feed (RH-BDL). Birds fed dietary Lactobacilli from day one until the end of the experiment and subjected to RH from day 1 to 21. Digesta from different GIT regions were collected at 14, 28, 35 and 42 days of age and SCFAs and pH were measured. Duodenal, ileal and cecal lactate concentrations together with cecal butyrate level were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in RH-BD birds compared with the control and RH-BDL at 14 and 21 days of age. Acetate concentration was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the jejunum, ileum and cecum of both RH-BD and RH-BDL birds at 14 days of age. It can be concluded that, stressful condition over the course of the GIT microbial development, negatively affected microbial activity by reduction of the lactate, acetate (as the main substrate for butyric producing bacteria) and ultimately butyrate concentration along the GIT and particularly cecum. This adverse effect was effectively ameliorated by Lactobacillus supplementation. Key words: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT), SCFAs, Lactobacilli, stress.
Absence of Cell-Mediated Immunologic Tolerance to Leukemia Virus in Carrier Mice (1973)

Abstract Several viruses have been reported to induce immunologic tolerance in mice when infection occurs in the prenatal or immediate postnatal period. Among these are lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM)3 virus (1–3) and murine leukemia viruses (MuLV) (4–6). Although Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV-M) can induce leukemia in both newborn and adult mice (7), there is a marked difference in host response in these two age groups. Inoculation into adults results in development of both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to the virus, whereas in neonatally infected mice these responses appear to be either greatly reduced or undetectable (5, 8). Recent results have cast doubt on the validity of the concept of immunologic tolerance to viruses. It now is generally accepted that humoral antibodies can be formed after neonatal infection with LCM virus (9), MuLV-M (10), Harvey murine sarcoma virus (MuSV-H) (10), and Gross murine leukemia virus (MuLV-G) (11, 12). In many of these situations antibodies can be eluted from renal glomeruli where they are deposited presumably as antigen-antibody complexes. Virus in the circulation can be found in the form of nonneutralized infectious complexes with antibody; infectivity of the serum therefore can be reduced dramatically by treatment with antiserum directed against mouse immunoglobulin.
Sympathetic Nerve Activity in the Congenital Long-QT Syndrome (2003)

LQTS is associated with a selective reduction in sympathetic drive to muscle blood vessels and perhaps also to the heart.
Kioto+ mission: Global and accurate monitoring of forest, land cover and carbon (2006)

This publication presents the results of a feasibility study on a proposed superhigh\nresolution satellite mission Kioto+. The study was conducted by an\ninternational consortium in response to the 2005 call for ideas for Earth Explorer\nmissions of the European Space Agency (ESA).\nKioto+ offers reliable and global data to near in-situ measurement accuracy on\nland cover and forest cover. It also gives information about their development\nover time. A super-high resolution optical instrument is proposed to achieve\nstatistically representative and precise measurements. The information will\ngreatly improve our understanding of the global carbon and water cycles, and the\ncredibility of estimates of terrestrial carbon storage. The imagery will also give\nglobally accurate training and validation data for wall-to-wall imaging\ninstruments. The mission is named Kioto+ because the projected timescale of the\nmission (post-2011) means that it will primarily have relevance to successor\ntreaties of the Kyoto Protocol to the FCCC of the United Nations.
Some aspects of substrate pretreatment for epitaxial Si nanowire growth (2008)

We report on the influence of the surface pretreatment for vapor-liquid-solid growth of epitaxial silicon nanowires with gold catalyst and silane precursor on Si(111) substrates. In this paper we make it obvious that a thin native oxide layer on the Si substrate-as is present under most technological conditions-or a thin layer of oxide formed on top of the catalytic gold particle restrain nucleation and nanowire growth. High resolution transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were utilized to demonstrate Si diffusion from the substrate through the catalytic Au layer and further the formation of a thin oxide layer atop. Based on this observation we present a sample pretreatment practice, making the catalyst insensitive for further oxide formation, thereby preserving epitaxy for nanowire synthesis.
Differential resistivity as a means of monitoring annealing in steels (1984)

Annealing of cold-worked plain carbon and high-strength low-alloy steels may be monitored in situ by measurement of differential electrical resistivity using an alternating current method. The change in room-temperature resistivity is about 4% for steels given a prior cold reduction of 80%. Recovery and recrystallization are distinguishable as two separate stages in these materials; the onset and end point of recrystallization can be identified during the progress of annealing. It was also possible to observe changes in resistivity resulting from grain growth. However, the changes could not be quantified since grain-growth rates were extremely slow in the steels studied.
Mapping The Optical Properties Of SOI-type Photonic Crystal Waveguides (2005)

We report on systematic mapping of transmission properties of W1 waveguides as a function of structural parameters. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the bandwidth is maximized up to 125nm by decreasing the hole radius.
Balint syndrome in anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (2018)

We report 2 cases of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis with classic signs and symptoms of encephalitis, but in whom Balint syndrome was a predominant manifestation in the evolution of the disease.
Growth by liquid phase epitaxy and characterization of GaInAsSb and InAsSbP alloys for mid-infrared applications (2-3 um) (1991)

We present the liquid phase epitaxy growth (LPE) of GaInAsSb/( 1 00) GaSb and InAsSbP/( 1 00) InAs near their miscibility gap (MG) boundaries. The conditions f or growing latticematched layers of optoelectronic quality are given. The cut-off wavelength limitations due to the MG are : 2. 4 p. m for GaInAsSb and 2. 6 p. m for lnAsSbP. As an example of application results are presented on LPE grown photodiodes based on these quaternary alloys. 1 -
Antibodies to herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: a comparative study using indirect haemagglutination in carcinoma of the cervix and in other malignant conditions. (1975)

President Roosevelt will take up the matter with Secretary Root. Juliet K. Lamont is married to Daniel S. Lamont.
Spectre de rotation de CH2 = CF2 au sein de l'état fondamental et de quatre états excités de vibration (1965)

Les constantes de rotation et de distorsion centrifuge du fluorure de vinylidène ont été recalculées pour l'état fondamental et le premier état excité de vibration en faisant usage de la théorie du rotateur asymétrique. Les constantes de rotation de la molécule dans trois autres états excités de vibration ont été calculées et une vingtaine de transitions attribuées à chaque état.
Isochoric heating of matter by laser-accelerated high-energy protons (2006)

We describe an experiment on isochoric heating of matter by intense laser-accelerated protons. The experiment was performed using the LULI 100 TW facility with 15-20 J on target energy and $>$ 10$^{19}$ W.cm$^{ - 2}$ maximum focused intensity. Focusing the laser on a 10 micron thick Au foil, we accelerated forward a laminar proton beam with a maximum energy of 16 MeV. This proton beam irradiated and heated a secondary target positioned after a variable vacuum gap. The heating was diagnosed by 1D and 2D time-resolved measurements of the optical self-emission of the heated target rear-surface. Detailed results as a function of the Z and the thickness of the secondary target as well as analysis, including a full modelling of the target heating with a 2D hydro-code (DUED) coupled to a proton energy deposition code, were obtained. We have also studied the efficiency of heating as a function of the primary target topology, i.e. either flat, which results in a diverging proton beam, or curved, which has the ability of focusing partly the proton beam.
Wireless micromanometer system for chronic bladder pressure monitoring (2009)

This paper describes a wireless system to monitor urinary bladder pressure comprising an implantable device with an external receiver and wireless battery charger. The device is intended to be implanted within the bladder wall, sealed behind the urothelial lining. This location is protected from the urine stream, thus avoiding mineral encrustation and stone formation, and is suitable to measure intravesical pressure in chronic applications. The implant is dimensionally designed to gain access to the bladder using conventional urological tools, e.g. a cystoscope. The active circuit implant features a custom application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), rechargeable battery and wireless telemetry. Inductive charging, novel power management schemes and innovative packaging allow this device to be inserted through the urethra, implanted within the bladder wall, and operate for a lifetime of up to 10 years.
Molecular mechanisms involved in a differential association of Frzb biology with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis (2007)

Background IL-21 is secreted by activated T cells and modulates immune cell functions with both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects. IL-21 receptor (IL-21R), homologous to IL-2R and IL-4R, associates with the gamma common chain upon ligand binding. It was recently described that IL-21R is overexpressed in the inflamed synovial membrane and on leucocytes of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Objective Previously we have shown that blockade of the IL-21 pathway with soluble IL-21R-Fc resulted in a reduction of clinical signs of arthritis in rodent models. To understand potential mechanisms of IL-21 regulation in arthritis, we analyzed serum immunoglobulin levels, and cytokine expression in the paws, serum, and collagen-restimulated splenocytes, in response to IL-21 pathway blockade. Methods Arthritis was induced in DBA/1 male mice with bovine type II collagen. Animals were treated with either soluble mIL-21R-Fc, which neutralizes murine IL-21 bioactivity, with TNFRII-Fc or with control IgG. Spleens from each group of treated mice were cultured in vitro with collagen and assayed for cytokine secretion. Cytokines and anticollagen-specific IgG levels were also measured in the serum by ELISA. Cytokine mRNA levels in the paws were evaluated by quantitative PCR analysis. Results Treatment of mice with IL-21R-Fc or TNFRII-Fc reduced clinical and histological signs of collagen-induced arthritis. IL-6 mRNA in paws and serum IL-6 levels were decreased after IL-21R-Fc treatment. IFN mRNA was increased in paws of IL-21R-Fctreated mice. Collagen-specific spleen cell responses from IL-21R-Fc-treated mice exhibited increased IFN and IL-2, and reduced IL-6 and IL-17 levels. Serum levels of total IgG 1 were also reduced in response to IL-21R-Fc treatment. Conclusion These data demonstrate a role for IL-21 in the modulation of collagen-specific T-cell responses and the pathology of arthritis, supporting a rationale for blockade of the IL-21 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis.
The involucrin gene of the orangutan: generation of the late region as an evolutionary trend in the hominoids. (1989)

In the evolutionary line leading to the higher primates, the coding region of the involucrin gene evolved a segment consisting of numerous repeats of a 10-codon sequence. Additions to this segment of repeats have been made successively, thus generating regions that can be defined as early, middle, and late. The involucrin gene of the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus abelii) possesses a segment of repeats whose early region has the same repeat structure as that in other anthropoids. The middle region is not similar in repeat structure to that of all anthropoids but is similar to that of other hominoids. The late region is unique to the species; it does not correspond at all in its repeat structure to that of the human or gorilla and is much larger. The late region of the orangutan was generated by duplications of blocks of older repeats clearly belonging to the middle region. Continued duplications extending the late region are an evolutionary trend in the hominoids. The process of addition of repeats at a particular location is a more significant aspect of the evolution of involucrin than are random nucleotide substitutions; in addition, it has proceeded more rapidly.
Evaluation of stroke rehabilitation by randomized controlled studies: a review (1992)

In all, 22 reports of 20 randomized, controlled rehabilitation studies were evaluated. In 18 of these, the design of the trial was parallel, with a cross-over format being employed in the remaining 2 instances. Seven studies related to intensive rehabilitation during the early post-acute period. In six others, specific techniques--sometimes associated with traditional physiotherapy procedures--were compared: biofeedback, perceptual retraining, and amphetamine treatment. Eight experiments evaluated speech therapy in aphasia. Frequently, methodological considerations limited the interpretation of the results. The review showed that: 1) as regards activities of daily life and motor function, differences as between rehabilitation in stroke units on the one hand and non-rehabilitation or rehabilitation in medical wards on the other, were detected in relatively few quality studies and remained particularly inconclusive insofar as life in the home environment was concerned; 2) rehabilitation for aphasia and perceptual dysfunction proved effective for at least several months after acute stroke; 3) in general, examination of the reports cited revealed no differences in the effects of biofeedback and perceptual retraining vs conventional physiotherapy; 4) rehabilitation, whether administered by specialists or amateur caregivers purpose-trained by specialists, proved equally effective for aphasia. These conclusions constitute a valuable basis for the development and evaluation of modern rehabilitation programs for stroke patients.