gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon dioxide reduction to methane and coupling with acetylene to form propylene catalyzed by remodeled nitrogenase (2012)

A doubly substituted form of the nitrogenase MoFe protein (α-70(Val)(→Ala), α-195(His→Gln)) has the capacity to catalyze the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) to yield methane (CH(4)). Under optimized conditions, 1 nmol of the substituted MoFe protein catalyzes the formation of 21 nmol of CH(4) within 20 min. The catalytic rate depends on the partial pressure of CO(2) (or concentration of HCO(3)(-)) and the electron flux through nitrogenase. The doubly substituted MoFe protein also has the capacity to catalyze the unprecedented formation of propylene (H(2)C = CH-CH(3)) through the reductive coupling of CO(2) and acetylene (HC≡CH). In light of these observations, we suggest that an emerging understanding of the mechanistic features of nitrogenase could be relevant to the design of synthetic catalysts for CO(2) sequestration and formation of olefins.
Adhesion behaviour of self-assembled alkanethiol monolayers on silver at different stages of growth (2007)

We studied the development of interfacial energy γ of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on Ag/mica substrates by force-displacement spectroscopy using an atomic force microscope. Self-assembled monolayers of decanethiol [CH3 (CH2)9SH] and octadecanethiol [CH3 (CH2)17SH] were studied. The growth of the monolayer as a function of time was studied by an ellipsometer for three different concentrations of decanethiol and octadecanethiol. The thiols led to well-ordered self-assembled monolayer that showed atomic resolution images by lateral force microscopy mode. The behaviour of γ showed non-monotonic variation in stages of adsorption, which was more prominent for short chain length decanethiol. The γ reached a limiting value of 12 mJ m−2 for decanethiol and 7 mJ m−2 for octadecanethiol.
Parallel GPU Implementation of Iterative PCA Algorithms (2008)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a key statistical technique for multivariate data analysis. For large data sets the common approach to PCA computation is based on the standard NIPALS-PCA algorithm, which unfortunately suffers from loss of orthogonality, and therefore its applicability is usually limited to the estimation of the first few components. Here we present an algorithm based on Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization (called GS-PCA), which eliminates this shortcoming of NIPALS-PCA. Also, we discuss the GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) parallel implementation of both NIPALS-PCA and GS-PCA algorithms. The numerical results show that the GPU parallel optimized versions, based on CUBLAS (NVIDIA) are substantially faster (up to 12 times) than the CPU optimized versions based on CBLAS (GNU Scientific Library).
Softener absorption by regenerated cellulose (1959)

The absorption of glycerol solutions by cellulose regenerated from viscose has been studied over a range of glycerol concentrations up to 95%. After corrections had been made for loss of moisture in handling, only very small differences between the concentration of glycerol in the film and the concentration of glycerol in the equilibration bath were found. The enrichment factor (defined as the ratio of glycerol concentration in the film to the glycerol concentration in the bath) was unity up to 16% glycerol, reached a maximum of 1.03 at approximately 25% glycerol, and fell to 0.96 at 95% glycerol concentration. We concluded therefore that glycerol and water are absorbed by gel cellulose in practically the same ratio as they occur in the bath solution and no preferential affinity for glycerol over water is evident. Two cellulose films of different degree of polymerization gave similar results. A redetermination of refractive indexes of aqueous glycerol solutions at 25° is included.
The technology of ergonomic touch entry devices (1999)

Currently, popular input and output devices such as keyboard, mouse or trackball satisfy users to do the job, though when quick action is required, even these devices cannot satisfy the users. Touch entry devices, however, can create faster response time for the users than conventional input and output devices. The types for touch entry devices that are currently used are; touch input device, touch entry device, or touch panel. This paper is not prepared to describe hardware features, but rather it focuses on user-centered features for touch sensors and displays. The selection response time and switching capabilities are also discussed as a mean to minimize various disadvantages of touch panels. In addition, the comparison of switchboard, past popular device to touch panels is also discussed.
Two Simple Methods for Measuring Iodine in Urine (1993)

Urinary iodine excretion is currently the most convenient laboratory marker of iodine deficiency. Accelerating international interest in correcting this condition demands rapid, simple methods for assessment and monitoring. We describe two adaptations of the Sandell-Kolthoff reaction, in which urine is first digested with chloric acid and iodine then determined from its catalytic reduction of ceric ammonium sulfate in the presence of arsenious acid. Both methods use gentle digestion by chloric acid in a heating block. Method A detects iodine in a colorimeter, method B by the indicator ferroin and a stopwatch. Results with 12 samples ranging from 1.8 to 19.0 micrograms/dL (0.14-1.48 mumol/L) differed from those in a reference laboratory by a mean of 9.1% for method A and 15.7% for method B. One technician can perform at least 150 tests per day at a total cost of less than $0.50 each. The speed, low cost, and simple instrumentation make these methods well suited to epidemiological assessment of iodine deficiency in developing countries.
The Method of Web Image Annotation Classification Automatic (2014)

It has been heavy work that to find the related pictures form Internet without annotation. Therefore, the automatic image annotation was extremely important in image retrieval. The traditional method were translated image visual feature into keywords simply, but it ignored the image similarity problem between the low-level visual features and high-level semantic. That is image "gap" problem, so image annotation was very lower. This paper puts forward a classification of web based image content automatic tagging mixing technology, the first it will map visual feature of image to one or more rough images, then we will preprocess the web page text information, finally we select some keywords similarity as image annotation by using similar semantic processing module. So it realizes the image and text combining the automatic annotation and it achieve high precision of image annotation.
The Universal' dielectric response. II (1990)

For pt.I see ibid., vol.6, no.2, p.16-22 (1990). In the first part it was shown that the virtually universally observed relaxation behavior of solid dielectrics is radically incompatible with the classical Debye behavior. It was also pointed out that the widely accepted interpretation in terms of distributions of relaxation times does not answer the needs of the situation. Other proposed interpretations are examined here. They are: stochastic hopping processes, diffusive or Warburg response, Maxwell-Wagner processes, fractal processes, many-body phenomena, and the energy criterion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of silent ischemia adds to the prognostic value of coronary anatomy and left ventricular function in predicting outcome in unstable angina patients. (1995)

In patients with unstable angina, further stratification can be achieved early with Holter monitoring in addition to coronary angiography and assessment of left ventricular function.
Acid secretion by guinea‐pig isolated stomach. (1976)

An isolated stomach preparation from the guinea‐pig is described. 2. Both histamine acid phosphate (1‐4 mug/ml.) and theophylline hydrate (0‐2‐3‐2 mg/ml.) separately stimulated hydrochloric acid, HCl, secretion from the guinea‐pig stomach preparation. A linear dose‐response relationship was obtained for theophylline. 3. Addition of theophylline (0‐2 and 1‐6 mg/ml.) during maximal response to histamine increased the secretion further, whereas addition of histamine during maximal response to theophylline did not cause further secretion. 4. The secretory activities of Nalpha‐MeH (0‐3‐5‐0 muM), Nalpha‐Me2H (1‐2‐9‐5 muM) and 5‐MeH (1‐5‐12 muM) were compared with histamine (0‐9‐13 muM) on a threshold background secretion induced by theophylline (0‐2 mg/ml.). Linear log.‐dose response relationships were obtained for each test drug. The results confirm that Nalpha‐MeH is a more potent secretagogue than histamine. 5. Pentagastrin (0‐3‐1‐0 mug/ml.) stimulated HCl secretion in approximately half the experiments. The response was often transitory. In the other experiments, pentagastrin had no effect on HCl secretion although subsequent administration of histamine did stimulate HCl secretion.
In vivo requirement of protein prenylation for maintenance of retinal cytoarchitecture and photoreceptor structure. (1995)

Recent studies have demonstrated that inhibition of mevalonate synthesis in cultured cells leads to altered cell morphology due to inhibition of protein prenylation. To investigate the effects in vivo of mevalonate deprivation in nondividing, terminally differentiated neural cells, we have analyzed the effects on retinal tissue of intravitreal injection of lovastatin, a potent inhibitor of the mevalonate-producing enzyme, HMG-CoA reductase. A single injection of lovastatin (0.25 mumol) produced profound dysplastic-like changes in adult rat retinas primarily involving the photoreceptor layer. Within 2 d after injection, photoreceptor nuclei migrated in a circular pattern resulting in the formation of rosette-like structures by 4 d. Also during this period, photoreceptor inner and outer segment degeneration was evident. By 21 d, intact photoreceptor nuclei with remnants of inner and outer segments were dispersed throughout all retinal layers. To investigate the biochemical specificity of the lovastatin-induced alterations, and to distinguish the relative importance of the various branches of the mevalonate pathway, the incorporation of [3H]acetate into retinal lipids was examined in the presence and absence of metabolic inhibitors. HPLC analysis of lovastatin-treated retinas revealed a dramatic reduction in the incorporation of intravitreally injected [3H]acetate into nonsaponifiable lipids, compared with controls. In contrast, intravitreal injection of NB-598, a specific inhibitor of squalene epoxidase, eliminated the conversion of newly synthesized squalene to sterols without obvious pathology. Hence, involvement to the sterol branch of isoprenoid metabolism in the lovastatin-induced morphologic disruption was obviated. Intravitreal injection of 0.27 mumol of N-acetyl-S-trans,trans-farnesyl-L-cysteine (AFC), an inhibitor of carboxyl methyltransferase activity and prenylated protein function, produced morphologic changes that were virtually indistinguishable from those induced with lovastatin. These results implicate a defect in protein prenylation in the lovastatin-induced retinal degeneration, and suggest the presence of a dynamic pathway in the retina that requires isoprenylated proteins to maintain retinal cytoarchitecture.
Induced Bactericidal Response in the Hagfish (1969)

Hagfish were shown to be capable of synthesizing bactericidins after injection of gram-negative bacteria. The bactericidins could be detected as early as 2 days after injection. The degree of specificity was not as impressive as in mammalian systems.
Precise Vehicle Topology and Road Surface Modeling Derived from Airborne LiDAR Data (2004)

This paper represents the continuation of research presented earlier (Grejner-Brzezinska and Toth, 2002 and 2003a-b; Toth et al, 2003 a-b) referred to a theoretical and practical study on the feasibility of using LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data and airborne imagery collected simultaneously over the transportation corridors for obtaining traffic flow estimates, such as (1) vehicle count estimates based on extracting vehicles from dense LiDAR point cloud and/or imagery, (2) classification of extracted vehicles into main categories, (3) velocity estimates based on modeling the vehicle categories and using sensor navigation data, and (4) intersection movement patterns. In this paper, we present the updated algorithms and methodology of extracting the vehicle information together with the road surface modeling with precisely georeferenced (GPS/INS) LiDAR data, augmented by LiDAR intensity information. We demonstrate that intelligent algorithms that we developed are capable of fast and robust identification of the shapes (especially the vertical profiles of the vehicles), proving LiDAR’s ability to preserve the vehicle geometry better, as compared to conventional image projection (again, primarily the vertical profile), where it can be significantly distorted. We prove that if LIDAR data of sufficient spatial density are available, vehicle extraction and their coarse classification can be efficiently performed in parallel to the efficient and automated road surface extraction and modeling.
Biosynthesis of Lipoprotein Lipase in Cultured Mouse Adipocytes (1989)

The biosynthesis and turnover of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) have been investigated in adipose 3T3-F442A cells labeled with [35S]methionine. Pulse-chase experiments, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H treatment, and analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have indicated that LPL is synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum as a glycoprotein of Mr = 55,500 bearing two N-oligosaccharide side chains of the high mannose-type. This precursor form of LPL is transported within 10 min to the Golgi apparatus, and this event is accompanied by the formation of a mature species of Mr = 58,000. Treatment of the Mr = 58,000 species with glycopeptidase F yielded a Mr = 51,000 protein similar to that observed after treatment of the Mr = 55,500 precursor form or after inhibition of N-glycosylation in tunicamycin-treated cells. The precursor form of LPL of Mr = 55,500 does not accumulate in the cells since, after a labeling period of 2 h, only the Mr = 58,000 species is detected. It is shown that only 20% of the newly synthesized molecules of Mr = 58,000 are constitutively secreted, whereas 80% are degraded, most likely in lysosomes, as indicated by the inhibitory effect of leupeptin upon the degradation process. Under heparin stimulation, quantitative secretion of the mature form of LPL takes place whereas the intracellular degradation is arrested. Heparin is able to mobilize intracellular LPL without changing the rate of LPL export from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of the material from intracellular cisternae shows that the Mr = 55,500 precursor form is present as a monomer (s = 4.1 S), whereas the Mr = 58,000 mature form is present as a homodimer (s = 6.8 S) to which LPL activity is associated. The results are interpreted as LPL being transiently stored under a dimeric form before its degradation. A sorting process of LPL in the Golgi apparatus, followed by its entry either mainly in a regulated pathway or in a constitutive pathway, is proposed.
Digital control of a boost converter using Posicast (2004)

Analysis, design, simulation and DSP-based implementation of a digital controller using a Posicast element are presented for the boost converter. Different from the classical Posicast approach, the proposed control method here reduces undesirable sensitivity greatly by using Posicast within a feedback loop. Furthermore, unfavorable effects on system stability caused by the RHP zero and parasitic elements in the boost converter's dynamics can be ignored in the design of controller because of its narrow open-loop bandwidth. Transient and frequency responses are presented. The performance of a Posicast-based controller for a boost converter has been investigated through simulation and verified by experiment. The sensitivity of the system dynamical response to variations in controller parameters was examined. The effect of load resistance variation was also tested.
Treatment for spasticity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (2006)

The single trial performed was too small to determine whether individualised moderate intensity endurance type exercises for the trunk and limbs are beneficial or harmful. No other medical, surgical or alternative treatment and therapy has been evaluated in a randomized fashion in this patient population. More research is needed.
Contact photosensitivity patterns to halogenated salicylanilides in man and guinea pigs (1967)

Photocontact dermatitis was observed in 32 patients who had been exposed to brominated salicylanilides or other closely related chemicals used as antimicrobial agents in soaps. Patterns of cross-reactivity between tribromsalan, dibromsalan, metabromsalan, TCSA, bithional, hexachlorophene, and trichlorcarbanilide were assessed. Action spectrum studies using monochromatic radiation indicated a peak reactivity in the 3,600Angstrom range. Twelve of the 32 patients were found to be persistent light reactors. Their clinical characteristics, abnormal reaction to sunburn radiation, and course are described. Contact photosensitivity was induced in Hartley strain albino guinea pigs with both TCSA and tribromsalan. Patterns of cross-reactivity were assessed and found to be similar to those observed in man. Preliminary data concerning successful passive transfer in guinea pigs of photocontact hypersensitivity using mononuclear peritoneal exudates is presented.
Dalziel revisited (2009)

More than 37 years have passed since Charles F. Dalziel published his last of four seminal papers on ventricular fibrillation (v-f ). His empirical formula for the current necessary to produce v-f in man has been recognized by scientists and engineers as forming the basis for an analytical understanding of this major cause of death from electrical shock. In this article, the additional electrical parameters of energy, voltage, and resistance are related analytically to Dalziel's work. The fundamental equations for v-f have been used in this article to derive two additional relationships for the electrical parameters of interest in the shock process that can produce v-f in humans.It has been shown that the source energy necessary to produce v-f is a function only of the subject weight and the critical path resistance of the current path from made contact through the human body.
Short-pulse multiline and multiband energy extraction in high-pressure CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;-laser amplifiers (1973)

The ability of a nanosecond or shorter CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -laser pulse consisting of a single vibrational-rotational transition to extract energy from an atmospheric-pressure CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> amplifier is limited owing to the finite rotational thermalization time in CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and the larger number of rotational states which share the stored energy. Theoretical studies are reported which indicate that utilizing an incident pulse consisting of several vibrational-rotational lines within the 10.6-μ band substantial improvements can be obtained over single-line extraction. Even more dramatic improvements are possible if the pulse contains vibrational-rotational transitions at both the 10.6- and 9.6-μ bands. Quantitative energy-extraction results are presented for an input Gaussian pulse consisting of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-5 10.6-\mu</tex> transitions, and for a pulse containing one line at 9.6 μ and one at 10.6 μ, traversing a 1-m amplifier, for a wide range of input energies, pulsewidths, and gas pressures. Possibilities of using multiband techniques for pulse shaping are also discussed.
Modelling of electrically enhanced friction stir welding process using finite element method (2005)

Conventional friction stir welding (FSW) of high strength and high melting point materials, such as steel and titanium, has the disadvantages of a serious tool wear problem and slow welding speed. A new friction stir welding process for such materials called ‘electrically enhanced friction stir welding process (EHFSW)’ has been suggested and analysed using finite element modelling. The basic idea of EHFSW is that electric current passes from the welding tool into the workpiece through the contact area in the welding region. Thus it results in more localised heating while welding is in progress and is not simply a preheating process. The temperature distribution in the workpiece during the pin plunge stage and the welding stage of the EHFSW process has been determined. The results show that EHFSW can reduce the plunge force significantly with the help of localised electrical heating during the pin plunge stage, which may imply lower tool wear when compared with conventional FSW. At the same time, in the welding stage, the simulation results indicate that the welding speed of the EHFSW process can be at least two times faster than that of the conventional FSW process. Thus, finite element analysis shows that EHFSW is a promising process and could reduce tool wear while improving the welding speed, especially for high melting/O point materials.
Drug Delivery Systems - An Overview (2008)

This is an overview of drug delivery systems (DDS), starting with various routes of drug administration. Various drug formulations, as well as devices used for drug delivery and targeted drug delivery, are then described. Delivery of proteins and peptides presents special challenges. Nanoparticles are considered to be important in refining drug delivery; they can be pharmaceuticals as well as diagnostics. Refinements in drug delivery will facilitate the development of personalized medicine, which includes pharmacogenomics, pharmacogenetics, and pharmacoproteomics. The ideal DDS, commercial aspects, current achievements, challenges, and future prospects are also discussed.
Rolling-ball viscometer for measuring viscosity of fluids at high pressures and moderate temperatures (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRolling-ball viscometer for measuring viscosity of fluids at high pressures and moderate temperaturesE. M. Stanley and R. C. BattenCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 11, 1751–1753Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60267a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60267a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts