gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"La marche des opérations électorales ". Bepalingen rond kiesverrichtingen in de Belgische kieswetgeving, 1830-1940 (2003)

Weber Donald. La marche des operations electorales . Bepalingen rond kiesverrichtingen in de Belgische kieswetgeving, 1830-1940. In: Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire, tome 81, fasc. 2, 2003. Histoire medievale, moderne et contemporaine - Middeleeuwse. moderne en hedendaagse geschiedenis. pp. 311-342.
Static Intrinsic PEEP in COPD Patients during Spontaneous Breathing (1998)

Intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEPi) is routinely determined under static conditions by occluding the airway at end-expiration (PEEPi,st). This procedure may be difficult in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) during spontaneous breathing, as both expiratory muscle activity and increased respiratory frequency often occur. To overcome these problems, we tested the hypothesis that the difference between maximum airway opening (MIP) and maximum esophageal (Ppl max) pressures, obtained with a Mueller maneuver from the end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), can accurately measure PEEPi,st. Using this method, we found that, in eight ventilator-dependent tracheostomized COPD patients (age 71+/-7 yr), PEEPi,st averaged 13.0+/-2.9 cm H2O. That measurement was validated by comparison with a reference static PEEPi (PEEPi,st-Ref) taken at the same EELV adopted by patients during spontaneous breathing, and measured on the passive quasi-static pressure-volume (P/V) curve of the respiratory system, obtained during mechanical ventilation. PEEPi,st-Ref averaged 13.1+/-3.0 cm H2O, i.e., a value essentially equal to PEEPi,st measured by means of our technique. We conclude that PEEPi,st can be accurately assessed in spontaneous breathing COPD patients by the difference between MIP and Ppl max during the Mueller maneuver.
X‐ray pulses observed above a mesoscale convective system (1996)

During a balloon flight into and above the stratiform region of a mesoscale convective system, we observed three x‐ray pulses while the balloon was at an altitude of approximately 15 km MSL (atmospheric pressure of 130 mb). These pulses were one to two orders of magnitude above the background x‐ray count rate with peak fluxes between 37 and 270 (cm²‐s‐sr) −1 and durations of about one second. No significant electric field was measured at the time of these pulses.
Development of Retinoblastoma in the Absence of Telomerase Activity (1996)

Telomerase may not be a marker for acquisition of the malignant phenotype in the case of tumors that are derived from cells with long telomeres and that are associated with a low number of mutations.
<title>Evaluating multidimensional indexing structures for images transformed by principal component analysis</title> (1996)

Content-based retrieval in image management systems requires indexing of image feature vectors. Most feature vectors have a high number of dimensions (15+). This makes indexing difficult since most existing multi-dimensional indexing structures grow exponentially in size as dimensions increase. We approach this problem in three stages: (1) reduce the dimensionality of the feature space, (2) evaluate existing multi-dimensional indexing structures to determine which one can best organize the reduced feature space, and (3) customize the selected structure to improve search performance. To reduce the dimensionality of the feature space without losing much information we apply a statistical technique called principal component analysis (PCA), using Turk and Pentland's eigenimages approach. We then conduct a comparative analysis of a wide range of existing multi-dimensional indexing structures, selecting and implementing three of them (bucket adaptive KD-tree, gridfile, R- tree) for further empirical comparisons. Tests show that the adaptive KD-tree uses the least storage and performs the best during search. Finally, we customize the bucket adaptive KD- tree by implementing techniques that take advantage of the characteristics of the transformed space -- namely, ranked dimensions by decreasing variance, and known dynamic ranges. This prunes the search space and results in very efficient searches. The number of page accesses are reduced significantly, sometimes leading to savings as high as 70%.
Transient Restricted Diffusion of Whole Corpus Callosum and Symmetrical White Matter in Epilepsy (2009)

A 31-year-old man with a 10-year history of epilepsy developed complex partial seizure. Urgent brain diffusionweighted images (DWI) showed marked hyperintensity in the entire corpus callosum [apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) =0.1410 -3 mm 2 /s] and in the symmetric peripheral fronto-parietal white matter (ADC=0.1310 -3 mm 2 /s) without enhancement (Picture 1). EEG showed sharp waves over both frontal regions. On the 15th hospital day, DWI lesions
Estimated Risks of Radiation-Induced Fatal Cancer from Pediatric CT (2001)

The best available risk estimates suggest that pediatric CT will result in significantly increased lifetime radiation risk over adult CT, both because of the increased dose per milliampere-second, and the increased lifetime risk per unit dose. Lower milliampere-second settings can be used for children without significant loss of information. Although the risk-benefit balance is still strongly tilted toward benefit, because the frequency of pediatric CT examinations is rapidly increasing, estimates that quantitative lifetime radiation risks for children undergoing CT are not negligible may stimulate more active reduction of CT exposure settings in pediatric patients.
An Improved Approach to the Analysis of Plasmid DNA Breakage by Decay of DNA‐Associated Auger Emitters (2004)

Accurate evaluation of the local effect in plasmid breakage requires consideration of external breakage, the contribution of which depends on experimental conditions. The highly efficient production of linearisation events by (125)I-decay restricts the detection of relaxation events by the plasmid assay.
Optional technique for preventing incomplete colon capsule endoscopy: Abdomen compression method (2016)

Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a non-invasive procedure that is useful for visualizing the entire colon and rectum. However, it sometimes fails to complete CCE within battery life because of the complicated loop formation of the sigmoid colon or spastic colon movement (Fig. 1). Such a result will lead to increased risk of a missed lesion. Capsule endoscopists continually discuss the preferred regimen for CCE. Gastrografin intake is a good option for complete CCE.1 Walking, use of prokinetics, and drinking the correct amount of preparation drug is also useful. In addition, we would like to introduce another option of accelerating movement of the capsule if such options are not effective. Using this method, CCE staff can notice that the capsule remains in front of the sigmoid-descending junction or in the sigmoid colon by real-time view, showing the same images of the colonic mucosa for a long time (Fig. 2). Using this timing, we propose to compress the abdomen of the patient lying on their back. This method consists of three sets of abdomen compressions with moderate pressure for 5 s (Video S1) and depends on the change of intra-abdominal pressure following stimulated bowel movement. If unsuccessful, it may be effective to turn the patient onto their right side. Abdominal ultrasound may be helpful for finding the capsule in the right or left side colon. After the introduction of this option in our hospital, the complete CCE rate has improved from 65% (13/20) to 87.8% (36/41) (P = 0.04). We believe it is feasible for both patients and doctors because it is carried out optionally in limited situations. However, because this method is proposed based on our own ideas and preliminary experiences, we should validate the effectiveness of this method by prospective designed studies, including a comparison between abdominal compression and simple abdominal massage.2 Authors declare no conflict of interests for this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Protein–RNA recognition (1998)

The x-ray structure of the glutamine aminoacyl tRNA synthetase bound to its cognate tRNAGln and ATP was reported by Steitz and co-workers in 1989, providing the first high resolution structure of a protein–RNA complex. Since then, high resolution structures have been reported for RNA complexes with five other tRNA synthetases, the elongation factor Tu, the bacteriophage MS2 coat protein, the human spliceosomal U1A and U2B″–U1A′ proteins, and the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein. Although the number of high resolution structures of protein–RNA complexes are rather small, some general themes have begun to emerge regarding the nature and mechanisms of protein–RNA recognition. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 48: 181–195, 1998
Reviewers, Authors, and Editors (1999)

<b>JAMA</b> <b>Effect on the Quality of Peer Review of Blinding Reviewers and Asking Them to Sign Their Reports: A Randomized Controlled Trial</b> <i>Fiona Godlee, BSc, MRCP; Catharine R. Gale, BSc; Christopher N. Martyn, DPhil, FRCP</i> <h3></h3> <b>Context.—</b>Anxiety about bias, lack of accountability, and poor quality of peer review has led to questions about the imbalance in anonymity between reviewers and authors. <b>Objective.—</b>To evaluate the effect on the quality of peer review of blinding reviewers to the authors' identities and requiring reviewers to sign their reports. <b>Design.—</b>Randomized controlled trial. <b>Setting.—</b>A general medical journal. <b>Participants.—</b>A total of 420 reviewers from the journal's database. <b>Intervention.—</b>We modified a paper accepted for publication introducing 8 areas of weakness. Reviewers were randomly allocated to 5 groups. Groups 1 and 2 received manuscripts from which the authors' names and affiliations had been removed, while groups 3 and 4 were aware of the authors' identities. Groups 1 and 3 were asked to sign their reports, while groups 2 and 4 were asked to return their reports unsigned. The fifth group was sent the paper in the usual manner of the journal, with authors' identities revealed and a request to comment anonymously. Group 5 differed from group 4 only in that its members were unaware that they were taking part in a study. <b>Main Outcome Measure.—</b>The number of weaknesses in the paper that were commented on by the reviewers. <b>Results.—</b>Reports were received from 221 reviewers (53%). The mean number of weaknesses commented on was 2 (1.7, 2.1, 1.8, and 1.9 for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 and 5 combined, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences between groups in their performance. Reviewers who were blinded to authors' identities were less likely to recommend rejection than those who were aware of the authors' identities (odds ratio, 0.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.3-1.0). <b>Conclusions.—</b>Neither blinding reviewers to the authors and origin of the paper nor requiring them to sign their reports had any effect on rate of detection of errors. Such measures are unlikely to improve the quality of peer review reports. <i>1998;280:237-240.</i>
Two-Dimensional Imaging of Early Stage of Soot Formation in Diesel Spray Flame by LIF technique (2001)

To investigate the structure of reaction zone and the early process of young soot formation in a diesel spray flame, CH radical and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed in a flame were visualized two-dimensionally and simultaneously, CH radical was used as the indicator of reaction zone in a flame because CH is produced and destroyed in fuel decomposition zone and exists in thin layer near the stoichiometric contour in a flame, For the visualization of early soot formation zone in a flame, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were used as tracers in LIF technique, PHA are well known as the precursors of young soot. 
A Nd:Y AG pumped dye laser was used as a light source. The wavelength of incident light was tuned to 390.58 nm to excite CH with the 01(8.5) transition of B²Σ-X²Ⅱ v '=0, v =0) band. The sheet of light passed through the mid-plane of the flame and the LIF from the species in a flame were imaged by an ICCD camera. A narrow band optical filter with a central wavelength of 430 nm and a FWHM of 10 nm was used to detect the fluorescence from CH with the transition of A²Σ -X²Ⅱ (v '=0, v =0) band. The LIF spectrum of PAH formed in a flame was detected by a spectrometer at excitation wavelengths of 266 nm, 355 nm and 390 nm. These spectrum were analyzed for identification of P AH formed in a flame. 
In preliminary experiments, CH and PAH formed in a diffusion burner flame were visualized two-dimensionally. Methane and propane were used as fuel. In the LIF images of gas jet diffusion flames, LIF of CH can be observed as the very thin layers with the width of less than 1 mm located in the flame periphery. In the central region surrounded by CH thin layer, the strong LIF from PAH can be seen. The LIF from central region of the jet has broad spectrum whose peak is at 440 nm.
Ethanol, not detectably metabolized in brain, significantly reduces brain metabolism, probably via action at specific<scp>GABA</scp>(A) receptors and has measureable metabolic effects at very low concentrations (2013)

Ethanol is a known neuromodulatory agent with reported actions at a range of neurotransmitter receptors. Here, we measured the effect of alcohol on metabolism of [3-¹³C]pyruvate in the adult Guinea pig brain cortical tissue slice and compared the outcomes to those from a library of ligands active in the GABAergic system as well as studying the metabolic fate of [1,2-¹³C]ethanol. Analyses of metabolic profile clusters suggest that the significant reductions in metabolism induced by ethanol (10, 30 and 60 mM) are via action at neurotransmitter receptors, particularly α4β3δ receptors, whereas very low concentrations of ethanol may produce metabolic responses owing to release of GABA via GABA transporter 1 (GAT1) and the subsequent interaction of this GABA with local α5- or α1-containing GABA(A)R. There was no measureable metabolism of [1,2-¹³C]ethanol with no significant incorporation of ¹³C from [1,2-¹³C]ethanol into any measured metabolite above natural abundance, although there were measurable effects on total metabolite sizes similar to those seen with unlabelled ethanol.
Transcriptional Analysis of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Resistance in Kawasaki Disease Using an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Disease Model (2016)

The first iPSC-based model for KD is reported here. Our mechanistic analyses suggest thatCXCL12, which plays a role in leukocyte transmigration, is a key molecule candidate for IVIG resistance and KD severity. They also indicate that an upregulation of IL-6-related genes may be involved in this pathogenesis.
Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Agemaki, a Kind of Shellfish, in Mice. (1991)

Agemaki (Sinonovacula constricta) is an edible and popular shellfish in the western part of Japan. The present study demonstrated the effects of feeding Agemaki on cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in mice plasma and liver. Mice were fed a diet containing 0.1% cholesterol and 0.1% Na-cholate for 1 week, and then a cholesterol-free diet or a cholesterol-enriched one for 2 weeks. To both diets, freeze-dried Agemaki was added at a 5% level. There was no statistically significant effect on the body-weight gain, food intake, and liver weight by feeding Agemaki in both dietary regimens. However, Agemaki significantly lowered the concentrations of plasma and liver cholesterol and also of plasma triglyceride in mice feeding on the cholesterol-rich diet. A similar tendency was also observed for the mice feeding on the cholesterol-free diet. The analysis of freeze-dried Agemaki revealed a relatively larger proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and plant sterols, which may possibly decrease plasma lipids. So far as we know, this is the first report showing hypolipidemic effect of Agemaki.
Influence of calcitonin treatment on the bone structure and mineral content in osteoarthritis. (1992)

8 femoral heads removed in 4 patients operated on by bilateral total hip replacement for osteoarthritis were evaluated. 3 patients were treated with Calcitonin between the first and the second operation. X-ray powder diffractometry analysis showed an improvement of bone crystallinity in the Calcitonin treated patients.
pigeons tion in dehydrated heat-exposed Osmoregulation and body fluid (2007)

You might find this additional information useful... This article has been cited by 1 other HighWire hosted article: € [Abstract]€ [Full Text]€ [PDF] J. Exp. Biol., September 1,€2002; 205€(17): 2627-2636. E. Ophir, Y. Arieli, J. Marder and M. Horowitz cutaneous water evaporation Cutaneous blood flow in the pigeon Columba livia: its possible relevance toon the following topics: Medline items on this article's topics can be found at http://highwire.stanford.edu/lists/artbytopic.dtlChemistry .. Osmotic Pressure Chemistry .. Osmosis Physiology .. Columbiformes Physiology .. Capillary Permeability Physiology .. Plasma Volume Biochemistry .. Extracellular Fluid Integrative and Comparative Physiology can be found at: Additional material and information about American Journal of Physiology - Regulatory,http://www.the-aps.org/publications/ajpregu This information is current as of April 11, 2007 . € the American Physiological Society. ISSN: 0363-6119, ESSN: 1522-1490. Visit our website at http://www.the-aps.org/.
Supraglottal Hyperadduction in an Individual With Parkinson Disease (1997)

Recent treatment for voice problems associated with idiopathic Parkinson disease has primarily focused on increasing reduced vocal loudness and improving true vocal fold hypoadduction, common voice deficits observed in these individuals. This study presents an individual with reduced vocal loudness and supraglottic hyperadduction accompanying Parkinson disease and the outcome following a course of the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT). Posttreatment observations included increased vocal loudness, decreased supraglottic hyperadduction, and improved intonation and overall voice quality when compared with pretreatment observations. These results suggest that in this individual, supraglottic hyperadduction was due to a secondary compensatory behavior resulting from mild true vocal fold hypoadduction that responded positively to adduction therapy (LSVT). This study also demonstrates the use of a continuum of observations ranging from functional ratings to physiological measures to evaluate the impact of intensive voice treatment and identify mechanisms underlying treatment-related change in an individual with Parkinson disease.
Inherited metabolic disease (2002)

The elucidation of metabolic pathways and the genetic basis for diseases of the liver continues to increase our understanding of disease pathogenesis and advance treatment options. This selective review covers a wide range of subjects, from the identification of novel proteins and the importance of specific transport pathways to phenotypic expression of disease and management of acute liver failure. Three selected disorders—Wilson disease, genetic hemochromatosis and other hereditary iron overload disorders, and α1-antitrypsin disease—are the focus of this review.
Metal Cation−Methyl Interactions in CB<sub>11</sub>Me<sub>12</sub><sup>-</sup> Salts of Me<sub>3</sub>Ge<sup>+</sup>, Me<sub>3</sub>Sn<sup>+</sup>, and Me<sub>3</sub>Pb<sup>+</sup> (2004)

Oxidation of Me6M2 (M = Ge, Sn) and Me4Pb with the CB11Me12• radical in alkane solvents produced the insoluble salts Me3M+CB11Me12-, characterized by CP-MAS NMR and EXAFS. The cations interact with methyl groups of CB11Me12- with coordination strength increasing from Pb to Ge. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the isolated ion pairs, Me3M+CB11Me12- (M = Ge, Sn), revealed three isomers with the cation above methyl 2, 7, or 12, and not above a BB edge or a BBB triangle. The interaction has a considerable covalent component, with the cation attempting to perform a backside SE2 substitution on the methyl carbon. In a fourth less favorable isomer the cation is near methyl 1, inclined toward methyl 2, and interacts with hydrogens. DFT atomic charge distributions and plots of the electrostatic potential on the surface of spheres centered at the CB11H12- and CB11Me12- icosahedra display the effects of uneven charge distribution within the anion and contradict the common belief that the negative charge of the cage anion is concentrated primarily on the cage boron atoms 7−12; in CB11Me12-, roughly half is on the cage carbon and the rest on methyls 7−12.
Ion-exchange process for the recovery of hydroxylamine from Raschig synthesis mixtures (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon-exchange process for the recovery of hydroxylamine from Raschig synthesis mixturesFred W. Koff, Stylianos Sifniades, and Allen A. TunickCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1982, 21, 2, 204–210Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200017a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i200017a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Determination of chromatographic resolution for peaks of vast concentration differences (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of chromatographic resolution for peaks of vast concentration differencesGlenn C. CarleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1972, 44, 11, 1905–1906Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60319a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60319a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts