gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Frequency Method for Volumetric Analysis (1951)

Volumetric analysis in which the end point is given by high frequency has become the object of interest. The authors devised and prepared an apparatus, using a very common vacuum tube, UX-12A, which was simple as well as stable and sensitive. It was chiefly an improvement on the method of Jensen and Parrack. The mechanism of the loading effect that makes up the principle of the titration method, was assumed to be caused by the capacitative and conductive properties, and the utilization of these properties were shown to be most important. From these facts, the relationship between the concentration and sensitivity, or concentration and frequency becomes apparent. This method, as long as it does not interfere with titration reaction, is not affected by the occlusion of any foreign matter. It follows, therefore, that neutralization titration in the presence of KMnO4 or Cr2O7″, which is hardly performed by other means, can correctly be estimated by this method.
Synthesis of Peptidomimics Through Sugar-Based Scaffolds (2003)

Poor oral bioavailability, low metabolic stability towards proteolysis and rapid excretion via both liver and kidneys displayed by innumerable peptides of potential therapeutic value has generated an intensive search for peptidomimics (1-2). A possible approach of such nonpeptidal peptidomimics is to replace the peptide by a scaffold that distributes in the space the peptidal side chains of amino acids essential for biological activity and mimics the bioactive conformation of the peptide.
Additions and Corrections - Reactive Triflate Alkylating Agents. (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections - Reactive Triflate Alkylating Agents.E. Vedejs, D. Engler, and M. MullinsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 27, 5426Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online16 October 2003Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00148a602https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00148a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 2945: Antitumor activities of 2-fluorofucose, an orally active agent that inhibits cell-surface fucosylation (2012)

Abstract Fucose is a component of many carbohydrates that are found on the outer membranes of cancer cells. There is evidence that loss of this sugar from cell-surface glycoproteins can change cancer cell behavior, including growth and metastasis. We have previously demonstrated that 2-fluorofucose (SGD-2083) blocks the fucosylation of antibodies in vitro and in vivo due to the depletion of GDP-activated fucose inside cells. These findings provide the basis for evaluating the antitumor activities of SGD-2083, since alterations of the fucose content on cell surfaces could potentially impact tumor growth and adhesion. To explore this, SGD-2083 was given orally to mice with carcinoma and hematologic tumor xenografts. Significant antitumor activities were obtained in prostate, renal cell and colorectal carcinomas, but not in the two hematologic cancer models tested. The doses used to achieve efficacy were well-tolerated. FACS analysis was used to detect alterations in tumor cell surface fucosylation in animals that responded to treatment with SGD-2083. Signal reduction was observed on E-selectin ligand and several other cell surface fucose linkages, while little or no response to the treatment was observed in the fucosylation of cell surface P-selectin ligand. These results show that oral administration of SGD-2083 leads to the alteration of tumor cell surface fucosylation in a well-defined manner, and this may account for the observed activities of this novel antitumor agent. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2945. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2945
Mechanisms of gas retention and release: Experimental results for Hanford single-shell waste tanks 241-A-101, 241-S-106, and 241-U-103 (1998)

The 177 underground waste storage tanks at the Hanford Site contain millions of gallons of radioactive waste resulting from the purification of nuclear materials and related processes. Through various mechanisms, flammable gas mixtures of hydrogen, ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide are generated and retained in significant quantities within the waste in many ({approximately}25) of these tanks. The potential for large releases of retained gas from these wastes creates a flammability hazard. It is a critical component of the effort to understand the flammability hazard and a primary goal of this laboratory investigation to establish an understanding of the mechanisms of gas retention and release in these wastes. The results of bubble retention experimental studies using waste samples from several waste tanks and a variety of waste types support resolution of the Flammable Gas Safety Issue. Gas bubble retention information gained in the pursuit of safe storage will, in turn, benefit future waste operations including salt-well pumping, waste transfers, and sluicing/retrieval.
Identification of a region within the cytoplasmic domain of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signal transducer gp130 important for ligand-induced endocytosis of the IL-6 receptor. (1994)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) exerts its action via a cell surface receptor complex consisting of two subunits, the IL-6 receptor and the signal transducer gp130. We have studied the role of both transmembrane proteins for IL-6 internalization and ligand-induced down-regulation of cell surface receptors. Co-expression of wild-type and mutant forms of both the IL-6 receptor and gp130 in transiently transfected COS-7 cells revealed that gp130 is essential for efficient endocytosis and receptor down-regulation. Whereas the cytoplasmic domain of the IL-6 receptor is not significantly involved in the internalization process, deletion of the corresponding domain of gp130 resulted in an almost complete loss of the ability to endocytose IL-6. Mutants with different truncations within the intracellular domain of gp130 revealed that a 10-amino acid sequence TQPLLDSEER is crucial for efficient internalization. Since this sequence contains a putative di-leucine internalization motif, we suggest that a di-leucine motif directs the receptor mediated endocytosis of the IL-6 receptor complex.
Simulation of Self-Neutralization Techniques for Charged Particle Thrusters (2011)

Peer Reviewed
Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor High Temperature Electrolysis (1989)

The design, fabrication, breadboard testing, and the data base obtained for solid oxide electrolysis systems that have applications for planetary manned missions and habitats are reviewed. The breadboard tested contains sixteen tubular cells in a closely packed bundle for the electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The discussion covers energy requirements, volume, weight, and operational characteristics related to the measurement of the reactant and product gas compositions, temperature distribution along the electrolyzer tubular cells and through the bundle, and thermal energy losses. The reliability of individual cell performance in the bundle configuration is assessed.
Catalytic Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis by Pentacyanocobaltate(II) (1974)

Radical intermediates are indicated both in the hydrogenolysis of organic halides and in the hydrogenation of certain activated carbon-carbon double bonds catalyzed by Co(CN)53-. In both cases, formation of the reduced substrate occurs by hydrogen transfer from Co(CN)5H3- to the radical. In the absence of excess Co(CN)5H3- the radicals either disproportionate or form stable organocobalt complexes by reaction with Co(CN)53-. Addition of Co(CN)5H3- to other activated carbon-carbon double bonds results in the formation of stable organocobalt complexes, via a non-radical mechanism. Evidence is presented for the formation of N-amidocobalt complexes, RCONHCo(CN)53-, from certain α-halo and α,β-unsaturated nitriles. The relationship of structure to the stability and catalytic activity of organocobalt complexes is discussed.
Datum-Wise Classification: A Sequential Approach to Sparsity (2011)

We propose a novel classification technique whose aim is to select an appropriate representation for each datapoint, in contrast to the usual approach of selecting a representation encompassing the whole dataset. This datum-wise representation is found by using a sparsity inducing empirical risk, which is a relaxation of the standard L 0 regularized risk. The classification problem is modeled as a sequential decision process that sequentially chooses, for each datapoint, which features to use before classifying. Datum-Wise Classification extends naturally to multi-class tasks, and we describe a specific case where our inference has equivalent complexity to a traditional linear classifier, while still using a variable number of features. We compare our classifier to classical L 1 regularized linear models (L 1-SVM and LARS) on a set of common binary and multi-class datasets and show that for an equal average number of features used we can get improved performance using our method.
Computational fluid dynamic prediction of the residence time of a vortex separator applied to disinfection (2005)

A Hydrodynamic Vortex Separator (HDVS) has been modelled using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in order to predict the residence time of the fluid at the overflow and underflow outlets. A technique which was developed for use in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) was used to determine the residence time and the results have been compared with those determined experimentally. It is shown that in using CFD, it is possible to predict the mean residence time of the fluid and to study the response to a pulse injection of tracer. It is also shown that it is possible to apply these techniques to predict the mean survival rate of bacteria in a combined separation and disinfection process.
Production-Driven Patch Generation and Validation (2016)

We envision a world where the developer would receive each morning in her GitHub dashboard a list of potential patches that fix certain production failures. For this, we propose a novel program repair scheme, with the unique feature of being applicable to production directly. We present the design and implementation of a prototype system for Java, called Itzal, that performs patch generation for uncaught exceptions in production. We have performed two empirical experiments to validate our system: the first one on 34 failures from 14 different software applications, the second one on 16 seeded failures in 3 real open-source e-commerce applications for which we have set up a realistic user traffic. This validates the novel and disruptive idea of using program repair directly in production.
The Reaction of Furoic Acid with Aromatic Compounds<sup>*</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Furoic Acid with Aromatic Compounds*Charles C. Price, E. C. Chapin, Arthur Goldman, Edwin Krebs, and H. M. ShaferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 7, 1857–1861Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01852a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01852a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Blood Clearance and Tissue Uptake of Intravenous Lipid Emulsions Containing Long‐Chain and Medium‐Chain Triglycerides and Fish Oil in a Mouse Model (1999)

Results indicate slow blood clearance of pure omega-3 TG emulsion from the blood compared with emulsion in which omega-3 TG was mixed with LCT and MCT. Earlier data showed that omega-3 TG are poorly hydrolyzed in extracellular media and therefore are delivered to tissues as part of the core of emulsion remnants. Thus, our data suggest that the incorporation of omega-3 TG with LCT/MCT will result in greater delivery of omega-3 fatty acids to extrahepatic tissue, which could be important in modulating immune and other responses.
Development of a patient‐specific atrial phantom model for planning and training of inter‐atrial interventions (2017)

The proposed strategy proved to be accurate and feasible for the correct generation of complex personalized atrial models.
Analysis of the <i>In vitro</i> Concanavalin A Response of Mouse Regenerating Spleen Cells after Cyclophosphamide Treatment (1987)

Abstract The effect of in vivo cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment on the in vitro concanavalin A (ConA) response of murine spleen cells was investigated. The ConA dose‐response of the spleen cells in their regenerating phase—7 days after an injection of a sublethal dose (200 mg/kg) of Cy—was significantly different from that of normal spleen cells (N‐SCs); the high‐dose ConA response remarkably increased and the low‐dose ConA response decreased in the spleen cells (Cy‐SCs) taken 7 days after Cy treatment The phenotype of the responder cells in the ConA response of Cy‐SCs was Thy‐1 + and Lyt‐l + 2 − , the same T subset involved in the ConA response of N‐SCs. Removal of glass wool‐adherent cells from the N‐SCs did not have the same effect as Cy treatment on the ConA dose‐response, and addition of N‐SCs did not suppress an increased response of the Cy‐SCs to high‐doses of ConA. These results indicate that this alteration in the ConA dose‐response induced by in vivo Cy treatment cannot be explained by a decrease in the number of Cy‐sensitive regulatory cells. However, although the ConA response of Cy‐SCs was not affected either by depletion of Sephadex G‐10 adherent cells with a G‐10 column or by depletion of Ia positive cells with anti‐Ia plus complement‐mediated lysis, the ConA response of N‐SCs was inhibited remarkably by both procedures. Furthermore, addition of anti‐Ia antibodies to the cultures decreased the ConA response of N‐SCs, but did not affect the ConA response of Cy‐SCs. Apparently, Lyt‐1 + 2 − T cells in the regenerating phase (on day 7) after Cy treatment required high doses of ConA, but neither the Ia molecule itself nor the Ia + G‐10 adherent accessory cells (ACs) for maximum stimulation. Therefore, the change in ConA dose‐response induced by Cy treatment on day 7 is thought to be caused by alteration of ConA responsiveness of the regenerating Lyt‐l + 2 − T cells rather than by a decrease in the Cy sensitive regulatory cells.
Relation between albumin-positive hepatocytes and glutathione-S-transferase-positive foci in Nagase analbuminemic rats treated with 3'-methyl-4-diaminoazobenzene. (1992)

Hepatomas were induced in Nagase analbuminemic rats (NARs) by administration of 3'-methyl-4-diaminoazobenzene (3'-Me-DAB), and the correlation between the change in the population of albumin-positive (Alb+) hepatocytes and the area of placental form of glutathione-S-transferase (GST-P) positive foci, an index of preneoplastic foci, was investigated immunohistochemically. The population of Alb+ hepatocytes increased with prolongation in the period of 3'-Me-DAB administration, and this increase was highest in animals without cancer, reaching about twice that in non-cancerous areas of the liver of cancer-bearing animals. This difference occurred because GST-P positive foci contained few Alb+ hepatocytes, which were numerous in non-cancerous areas of the liver in cancer bearing cases. An inverse correlation was also found between the percentage occupancy of GST-P positive foci and the densiry of Alb+ hepatocytes. This inverse relationship between GST-P positive foci and Alb+ hepatocytes was confirmed by studies on partially hepatectomized animals. We inferred from these results that the influence of carcinogens on the albumin gene may be mediated by a different mechanism from that for inducing carcinogenesis.
NONLINEAR DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS IN AlGaAs (1995)

In this paper we review the progress made in implementing nonlinear directional couplers as potential all-optical switching devices. We will discuss the operation of the coupler and its application as an all-optical multiplexing, demultiplexing element and consider the possibility of integrating more than one nonlinear switching element. The limitation of dispersion and nonlinear absorption will also be addressed.
Identificación de las proteínas secretadas por el hongo Ustilago maydis (DeCandole) Corda (Basidiomiceto) cultivado en condiciones in vitro (2014)

Introducción: Ustilago maydis es un hongo basidiomiceto que infecta al maíz y teozintle produciendo una enfermedad conocida como carbón común o huitlacoche. Actualmente no existen reportes acerca del secretoma del hongo cultivado bajo condiciones in vitro. Un estudio de esta naturaleza permitiría caracterizar los genes involucrados en varios procesos importantes, entre los que se tienen aquellos relacionados con la nutrición, la patogenicidad y la diferenciación del hongo. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar las proteínas secretadas al medio de cultivo por las formas de levadura o micelio de este hongo cultivado en dos condiciones de pH.Método: Se generaron las formas de micelio o levadura de Ustilago maydis (cepa FB2¾a2b2) a través del cultivo en medios mínimos con pH 3 y 7 respectivamente y se determinó su cinética de crecimiento. Las proteínas secretadas al medio se concentraron en una columna de fase reversa Sep-Pak Plus C18 y se eluyeron con una solución de acetonitrilo (60 %) + ácido trifluoroacético (0.1 %), seguida de su liofilización parcial, y precipitación con ácido tricloroacético-acetona. Posteriormente las muestras fueron sometidas a electroforesis en poliacrilamida (SDS-PAGE) y los geles teñidos con azul de Coomassie. Las bandas de proteína se cortaron del gel y se digirieron con tripsina. Las mezclas de péptidos fueron inyectados para su análisis en un espectrómetro de masas y el espectro MS/MS obtenido fue procesado en Masslynx 4.0 antes de someterlo al programa MASCOT (Matrix Science) para realizar las búsquedas no-redundantes en la base de datos del National Center for Biotechnology Information.Resultados: El crecimiento de U. maydis a pH 7 fue mayor que a pH 3 (D.O. a 600 nm= 1.35 y 0.85, respectivamente) a las 30 h de incubación. El proceso dimórfico de levadura a micelio a pH 3 se inició a las 8 h después de iniciados los cultivos. A las 30 h de cultivo se observó que el 100 % de las células tenían una morfología micelial. A este tiempo, se colectó el sobrenadante y se sometió al proceso descrito anteriormente, obteniéndose de manera reproducible 8 bandas de proteína del medio mínimo del cultivo a pH 7 y 2 del medio mínimo del cultivo de pH 3. Las proteínas se analizaron, pero solo fue posible identificar 5, todas ellas provenientes del medio de pH 7, cuyas masas teóricas oscilan entre 31 y 68 kDa y presentan valores de punto isoeléctrico calculados en un rango de4.72 a10.13. Cuatro de las 5 proteínas fueron identificadas como de secreción de U. maydis. Tres de las 5 proteínas son de función desconocida, una está relacionada con el precursor de la spherulin 4 y la última parece ser una proteína GPI (glycosyl phophotidylinositol ) relacionada con una glucanasa.Discusión o Conclusión: Los resultados aquí presentados son los primeros datos descritos de proteínas secretadas al medio en condiciones in vitro por la forma de levadura de U. maydis Con este trabajo se establecieron las bases para el estudio posterior del secretoma del hongo.
Poétique de la mémoire partagée (2010)

Nous examinons ici le comportemement des programmes concurrents s'executant sur les architectures modernes. Contrairement a ce que l'on pourrait attendre, de tels programmes ne s'executent pas suivant le modele naturel, a savoir Sequential Consistency (defini par Leslie Lamport), ou le resultat d'une execution d'un programme concurrent correspond a un entrelacement des instructions intervenant sur les differents processeurs mis en partie. En effet, les processeurs modernes beneficient de modeles de memoire dits faibles, car ils proposent diverses optimisations tels que le relâchement de l'atomicite des ecritures (dont le store buffering est un cas particulier), ou le reordonnancement d'instructions. Nous proposons donc ici un cadre de travail generique, mis en oeuvre au sein de l'assistant de preuve Coq, permettant de definir et de raisonner au sujet des modeles de memoire faibles. Ainsi, nous definissons une hierarchie des modeles de memoire faibles, et nous demontrons formellement que plusieurs modeles existants (Sequential Consistency, Sun TSO, PSO, RMO, et Alpha) appartiennent a notre cadre. Les documentations de ces processeurs sont ecrites en langue naturelle, et manque par consequent de la rigueur mathematique necessaire a l'etablissement de modeles formels pour de telles architectures. Pour y remedier, nous adoptons une approche empirique: nous avons developpe un outil de test nomme diy (do it yourself), qui permet de tester precisement quelles sont les optimisations proposees par une machine donnee. Nous avons utilise cet outil pour tester plusieurs machines Power de maniere intensive, ce qui nous a permis non seulement de dresser un modele pour un fragment de l'architecture Power, mais egalement de reveler une erreur dans la mise en oeuvre des barrieres sur les machines de type Power 5. . Pour finir, nous nous concentrons sur le probleme de la stabilite des executions d'un programme donne d'une architecture a un autre. Nous definissons une execution comme etant stable quand sa validite sur une architecture faible entraine sa validite sur une architecture plus forte. Pour illustrer cette definition, nous etudions la semantique de plusieurs primitives de synchronisation presentees dans la documentation de Power, et demontrons qu'elles garantissent la stabilite. Enfin, nous proposons une caracterisation des executions stables d'une architecture faible vers Sequential Consistency.