gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A <scp>PCR</scp> marker Linked to a <scp>THCA</scp> synthase Polymorphism is a Reliable Tool to Discriminate Potentially <scp>THC</scp>‐Rich Plants of <i><scp>C</scp>annabis sativa</i> L. (2014)

Neither absolute THC content nor morphology allows the unequivocal discrimination of fiber cultivars and drug strains of Cannabis sativa L. unequivocally. However, the CBD/THC ratio remains constant throughout the plant's life cycle, is independent of environmental factors, and considered to be controlled by a single locus (B) with two codominant alleles (B(T) and B(D)). The homozygous B(T)/B(T) genotype underlies the THC-predominant phenotype, B(D)/B(D) is CBD predominant, and an intermediate phenotype is induced by the heterozygous state (B(T)/B(D)). Using PCR-based markers in two segregating populations, we proved that the THCA synthase gene represents the postulated B locus and that specific sequence polymorphisms are absolutely linked either to the THC-predominant or the THC-intermediate chemotype. The absolute linkage provides an excellent reliability of the marker signal in forensic casework. For validation, the species-specific marker system was applied to a large number of casework samples and fiber hemp cultivars.
Dual Robust Controller Design for High Power AC Servo Drive (2008)

High power AC motors have a highly interacting multivariable control structure, and it is difficult to design high dynamic performance AC drive with traditional PID-like controller for high power AC servo motor. This paper presents analysis, design and simulation of velocity loop dual robust controller for 11 kw permanent magnetic synchronous motor (PMSM) in the AC servo system. By combining PDFF-MA and H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sup> control algorithms with its own capability of achieving good performance criteria such as dynamic reference tracking and load torque disturbance rejection, the PDFF-MA controller is designed and analyzed in the forward loop to provide low frequency stiffness and overcome low-frequency disturbances like friction. To compensate the system response, moving average (MA) error filter is added. While in the feedback loop, H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sup> controller is designed to meet system robust stability with the existence of external disturbance and model perturbations. The proposed PDFF-MA and H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">infin</sup> controllers are designed based on the transfer function of the poly-phase synchronous machine in the synchronous reference frame at field orientation control (FOC). The parameter variations, load changes, and set-point variations of synchronous machine are taking into consideration to study the dynamic performance.
Cytotoxic Activities of Tanshinones Against Human Carcinoma Cell Lines (1991)

Fifteen tanshinone analogues isolated from the chloroform extract of Danshen roots (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix) by chromatographic procedures were tested for their cytotoxic activities against KB, Hela, Colo-205 and Hep-2 carcinoma cell lines. Several of them were effective at concentrations below 1 micrograms/ml concentrations. Tanshinone analogues with either hydroxy substitutions or olefinic feature in ring A demonstrated higher biologic activities. Analysis of structure-activity relationship indicate that the basic requirement for activity is the presence of a furano-o-naphthoquinone in the molecule. Compounds which lack an intact furan ring were found to be inactive. It is suggested that the planar phenanthrene ring of the tanshinones may be essential for interaction with DNA molecule whereas the furano-o-quinone moiety could be responsible for the production of reactive free radicals in the close vicinity of the bases to cause DNA damage.
Design and implementation of a spell checker for Assamese (2003)

Spell checkers form a vital ingredient of text processors, character recognition systems, dictionary search engines, language processing software and similar tools. Although considerable work has been done in the area for English and related languages, the Indian language scenario presents a relatively more complex and uphill task. This paper describes strategies involved in the implementation of a spell checker for Assamese, the official language or the North Eastern Indian State of Assam.
Formation flight as a cooperative game (1998)

Close formation flight is considered in the context of cooperative game theory and the natural aggregate motion of flocking birds, schooling fish, and herds of land animals. The airplanes in the formation are allowed to maneuver individually. However, the maneuver chosen by each airplane stems from basic flocking instincts such as collision avoidance, obstacle avoidance, and formation keeping. Consequently, there is no designated leader of the formation and the airplanes cooperate to achieve a common target seeking objective for the formation. Two examples are simulated. One example illustrates a formation of five aircraft completing a heading change maneuver while encountering several environmental obstacles. The second example demonstrates cooperative behavior as part of the formation breaks away to inspect a potential target or adversary. The results illustrate that the formation of aircraft can follow very precise and intricate three-dimensional paths while still acting as a group.
Metabolic engineering of indole pyruvic acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli with tdiD (2017)

This study illustrates the feasibility of IPA biosynthesis in E. coli through tdiD. An efficient IPA producing strain, YL08, was developed, which provides a new possibility for biosynthesis of IPA. Although the final production was limited, this study demonstrates a convenient method of IPA synthesis.
Two-dimensional optical wavelet transform in space domain and its performance analysis (1994)

A new architecture of an optical wavelet transform system with a lenslet array is proposed, and its optical performance and optical limits are analyzed.
Production of C<sub>12</sub>-C<sub>18</sub> Alpha-Olefins by Polymerization of Ethylene on Triethylaluminum (1962)

C12-C18 olefins are prepared by a modified Ziegler α-olefin process based on ethylene and triethylaluminum. The process consists of five steps: buildup, displacement, separation, alkylation, and recycle. The major chemical and economic problems encountered are wide molecular weight distribution of the products and incomplete recovery of triethylaluminum. Catalysts consisting of alkylaluminums and colloidal nickel are needed for the alkylation-displacement steps; however, the amount of nickel has to be very low because in the other process steps, nickel favors side reactions. The yield of α-olefins in the C12-C18 range is increased by using coordination compounds of triethylaluminum with a Lewis base followed by azeotropic distillation. In the Chlorex process, (bis-α-chloroethyl) ether is used because of easy availability and low cost.
Balloon Catheters (1980)

Balloon catheters with latex balloons were inflated in plastic tubes of different diameters. The volume at rupture of the balloons was measured. The pressure inside the balloon and that caused by the balloon against the tube walls were recorded. Measures to avoid high pressure on the vessel wall, and balloon rupture, are discussed.
Formation of micron‐sized cycloolefin copolymer from toluene solution using compressed HFC‐134a as antisolvent (2002)

Abstract A precipitation process employing 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane (HFC‐134a) as antisolvent was studied to see its feasibility for the separation of cycloolefin copolymer (COC) from toluene solution. The precipitation was carried out by spraying toluene solution containing 3 to 12 wt % of COC through a 0.4‐mm nozzle into a compressed HFC‐134a environment. More than 95% of COC could be precipitated under the conditions that both gas and liquid HFC‐134a phases were present in the precipitator. The effects of temperature, pressure, COC concentration, HFC‐134a flow rate, toluene solution flow rate, and liquid level in the precipitator on yield and morphology of the precipitated COC were systematically studied. Microspheres of COC with a narrow size distribution were exhibited for the COC concentration equal to or less than 5 wt %. The precipitation at these COC concentrations followed a nucleation and growth mechanism. Nucleation and solution breakup that affected morphology and size of the precipitated COC were allowed to occur in the gas space above the liquid. For the concentrations of 8, 10, and 12 wt %, fibers and films instead of microspheres were exhibited. The porosity of the precipitated COC was found to decrease with increasing the COC concentration, indicating that the precipitation was under a spinodal decomposition mechanism. The molecular weight and glass‐transition temperature of the precipitated COC were found to be sufficiently close to those of the virgin chips, indicating that HFC‐134a is an appropriate antisolvent to achieve separation of polymer from solution. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 1657–1668, 2002; DOI 10.1002/app.10543
Isotopically Nonstationary 13C Metabolic Flux Analysis (2013)

(13)C metabolic flux analysis (MFA) is a powerful approach for quantifying cell physiology based upon a combination of extracellular flux measurements and intracellular isotope labeling measurements. In this chapter, we present the method of isotopically nonstationary (13)C MFA (INST-MFA), which is applicable to systems that are at metabolic steady state, but are sampled during the transient period prior to achieving isotopic steady state following the introduction of a (13)C tracer. We describe protocols for performing the necessary isotope labeling experiments, for quenching and extraction of intracellular metabolites, for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of metabolite labeling, and for computational flux estimation using INST-MFA. By combining several recently developed experimental and computational techniques, INST-MFA provides an important new platform for mapping carbon fluxes that is especially applicable to animal cell cultures, autotrophic organisms, industrial bioprocesses, high-throughput experiments, and other systems that are not amenable to steady-state (13)C MFA experiments.
Complexity, Two-Level Morphology and Finnish (1988)

Although, Two-Level Morphology has been tbup, d in p~actice to be an extremely efficient method for processing Finnish words on vely smffil machines, [Barton86] has recently shown tt~e ntethod to be NP-haxd. This paper will discuss Bak-ton's theoretical argument ,and explain why it has not been a problem for us in practice.
Acaricidal Activity of Pine Essential Oils and Their Main Components against <i>Tyrophagus putrescentiae</i>, a Stored Food Mite (2002)

Some essential oils obtained from the branches of four Pinus species (P. pinea L., P. halepensis Mill., P. pinaster Soil in Ait., and P. nigra Arnold) have been evaluated for their acaricidal activity by aerial diffusion against the stored food mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (L.). All the essential oils showed a good efficacy, but P. pinea oil and its two constituents 1,8-cineole and limonene were the most effective compounds, showing 100% acaricidal activity at 8 microL; 1,8-cineole showed the same activity at 6 microL.
Dynamic QoS allocation for multimedia ad hoc wireless networks (2003)

In this paper, we propose an approach to support QoS and multimedia applications in ad hoc wireless networks. An ad hoc network is a collection of mobile stations forming a temporary network without the aid of any centralized coordinator and is different from cellular networks which require fixed base stations interconnected by a wired backbone. It is useful for some special situations, such as battlefield communications and disaster recovery, search and rescue. The approach we provide uses the CSMA/CA medium access protocol and additional reservation and control mechanisms to guarantee quality of service in the ad hoc network system. The reason we choose the CSMA protocol instead of other MAC protocols is that it is used in most of the current wireless LAN productions. Via the QoS routing information and reservation scheme, network resources are dynamically allocated to each multimedia application.
Complications and management of acute copper sulphate poisoning; a case discussion (2011)

Copper sulphate ingestion (accidental or deliberate) is a rare form of poisoning usually limited to the Indian subcontinent. Though the rates are on the decline, it is essential that physicians are aware of its lethal complications and management strategies. The main complications of copper sulphate ingestion include intravascular haemolysis, methaemoglobinaemia, acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis. The lethal dose can be as small as 10 grams. We have explored the complications of acute copper sulphate poisoning with examples from two case presentations. We also recommend measures for prevention of such events.
The eye, vision, and visual discomfort (1972)

The eye, refractive errors and their significance and correction, accommodation and presbyopia, and the use of different types of multifocal lenses are first discussed. The functioning of the binocular visual system is considered, particularly in relation to efficient visual performance. Convergence fatigue is of special importance, as is the common association of binocular instability and discomfort with photophobia. Possible reasons for complaints of discomfort with lighting using fluorescent lamps are considered, and the need for closer cooperation between those concerned with different aspects of vision is indicated. Some typical case histories are described in an appendix.
Bioavailability Enhancement: A Review (2011)

Bioavailability is defined as the rate and extent (amount) of absorption of unchanged drug from its dosage form. It is one of the important parameter to achieve desired concentration of drug in systemic circulation for pharmacological response to be shown. A drug with poor bioavailability is one with poor aqueous solubility, slow dissolution rate in biological fluids, poor stability of dissolved drug at physiological pH, poor permeation through biomembrane, extensive presystemic metabolism. Poorly water soluble drugs often require high doses in order to reach therapeutic plasma concentrations after oral administration. Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities. Any drug to be absorbed must be present in the form of an aqueous solution at the site of absorption. This review focuses on the various techniques used for the improvement of the Bioavailability of drugs including size reduction, solubilising excipients, colloidal drug delivery systems, pH adjustment, solid dispersion, complexation, co‐solvency, micellar solubilisation, hydrotropy etc. The purpose of this review article is to describe the techniques of Bioavailability enhancement for the attainment of effective absorption and improved bioavailability.
DNA methylation as a regulatory mechanism in rat γ-crystallin gene expression (1991)

We have investigated the methylation state of the rat gamma-crystallin genes in DNA from lens cells at different developmental stages as well as from kidney and heart cells. A clear correlation between the extent of demethylation of the promoter and 5' gene regions and the expression of these genes was observed. No change in the methylation state of the far upstream or 3' regions of the genes was seen. The demethylation of the promoter region was shown to occur during the differentiation from the lens epithelial to the lens fiber cell. The effect of cytosine methylation on gamma-crystallin promoter activity was tested by measuring gamma-crystallin promoter/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase fusion gene expression after in vitro primed repair synthesis of the promoter region in the presence of either dCTP or 5mdCTP. The hemimethylated promoter was no longer capable of promoting high CAT activity after introduction into lens-like cells. Taken together, our data suggest that DNA demethylation may be the determining step in the developmental stage-specific expression of the rat gamma-crystallin genes.
A Study on Peak Flow Prediction by Fuzzy-Neural Network (2004)

In this study, to predict peak flow in stream due to rainfall, a fuzzy- neural network has been constructed as a hydrological blackbox that examine hydrological process. To construct peak flow prediction system, the fuzzy logical multi-layer perceptron (FLMLP) is selected as a fuzzy-neural network. Input patterns are organized with fuzzy membership function which are Gaussian, , and triangular function. The FLMLP is constructed by organizing input and output patterns with the observed rainfall and runoff data in Sulma Stream, Paju-city in Gyunggi-do, Korea, taking the rainfall and runoff data as the input pattern and runoff data as the output pattern. Two rainfall-runoff events are simulated by FLMLP and conceptual hydrological models such as an Clark, Snyder, SCS and Nash model. It is concluded that the results predicted by the FLMLP model show a better agreement than those obtained by other models.
Composing locks by decomposing deadlocks (2011)

The evolution of processor architectures from multi-core to many-core requires programmers to use concurrency to achieve performance. Unfortunately, shared memory parallel programs are difficult to implement correctly, and so is detecting concurrency bugs (e.g., data races, deadlocks, order violations, atomicity violations). In practice, the most common concurrency bugs are a) data races that arise due to unguarded or improperly guarded memory updates and b) deadlocks that arise due to circular dependencies among locks. While data races can be ameliorated by appropriate synchronization (a challenging problem in itself), deadlocks require fairly complex deadlock avoidance techniques, which may fail when the order of lock acquisitions is not known a priori. Furthermore, due to the potential for deadlocks, programmers cannot arbitrarily compose lock based codes without knowing the internal locking structure. Hence, composability is limited by deadlocks. The goal of this research is to achieve composability of lock based codes.
Introduction (2010)

En tant que conception politique déterminant l’ensemble des relations extérieures d’un État, la neutralité est un phénomène récent. Ainsi, ce ne fut qu’au Congrès de Vienne que les puissances européennes reconnurent et garantirent la neutralité « perpétuelle » des cantons suisses. Si ce n’est qu’à partir de cette déclaration que la Confédération helvétique a pu trouver une véritable vocation à la neutralité, cette dernière avait pourtant pris corps auparavant, à partir des menaces que représe...
Targeted Myostatin Gene Editing in Multiple Mammalian Species Directed by a Single Pair of TALE Nucleases (2013)

Myostatin (MSTN) is a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. Strategies to block myostatin signaling pathway have been extensively pursued to increase muscle mass in various disease settings including muscular dystrophy. Here, we report a new class of reagents based on transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to disrupt myostatin expression at the genome level. We designed a pair of MSTN TALENs to target a highly conserved sequence in the coding region of the myostatin gene. We demonstrate that codelivery of these MSTN TALENs induce highly specific and efficient gene disruption in a variety of human, cattle, and mouse cells. Based upon sequence analysis, this pair of TALENs is expected to be functional in many other mammalian species. Moreover, we demonstrate that these MSTN TALENs can facilitate targeted integration of a mCherry expression cassette or a larger muscular dystrophy gene (dysferlin) expression cassette into the MSTN locus in mouse or human cells. Therefore, targeted editing of the myostatin gene using our highly specific and efficient TALEN pair would facilitate cell engineering, allowing potential use in translational research for cell-based therapy.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e112; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.39; published online 30 July 2013.
Diagnostic potential in prostate cancer of a panel of urinary molecular tumor markers (2009)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a heterogeneous, multifactorial and multifocal disease. Therefore, the search for a combination of assays using a panel of tumor markers is fundamental for a more precise and reliable diagnosis. In the present study we investigated the diagnostic value of five different genes, associated with PCa carcinogenesis, encoding for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), serine protease Hepsin, PCa antigen 3 (PCA3), UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galatosamine transferase (GalNAC-T3) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Forty-four patients, with previously untreated, histologically verified PCa and forty-six patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) were enrolled in this study. Absolute concentration of the transcript levels of each gene was calculated by quantitative Real-Time PCR analysis in urine sediments of men suffering from PCa or BPH after prostatic massage. The diagnostic value of a concomitant examination of these markers was evaluated by logistic regression analysis. We demonstrated that the diagnostic potential of the combined urinary PSA and PSMA level was significantly better than that of each singularly considered marker, including total serum PSA, the present gold standard test for PCa diagnosis.
Some clinical problems of first-aid medicines on severe cardiac arrhythemias in children (2013)

Severe cardiac arrhythmias is not rare in chilaren.Because they usually induce striking disturbance of the blood dynamics,heart failure,cardiogenic shock,Adams-stokes attack or sudden death can happen in sick child,therefore they belong to pediatric emergency.Though cardioversion-defibrillation and cardiac pacemaker implantation are widely applied to clinical practice recently,antiarrhythmic drugs are still the most common treatment method at present.In this article,dose and usage,harmful reactions,indications and contraindications of common fist-aid medicines would be introduced,and some important problems in clinical use also be discussed.

Key words: 
Severe cardiac arrhythmias;  Antiarrhythmic druges ; Treatment;  Children