gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiapoptotic activity of argon and xenon (2013)

Although chemically non-reactive, inert noble gases may influence multiple physiological and pathological processes via hitherto uncharacterized physical effects. Here we report a cell-based detection system for assessing the effects of pre-defined gas mixtures on the induction of apoptotic cell death. In this setting, the conventional atmosphere for cell culture was substituted with gas combinations, including the same amount of oxygen (20%) and carbon dioxide (5%) but 75% helium, neon, argon, krypton, or xenon instead of nitrogen. The replacement of nitrogen with noble gases per se had no effects on the viability of cultured human osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Conversely, argon and xenon (but not helium, neon, and krypton) significantly limited cell loss induced by the broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor staurosporine, the DNA-damaging agent mitoxantrone and several mitochondrial toxins. Such cytoprotective effects were coupled to the maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, as demonstrated by means of a mitochondrial transmembrane potential-sensitive dye and by assessing the release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. In line with this notion, argon and xenon inhibited the apoptotic activation of caspase-3, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy coupled to automated image analysis. The antiapoptotic activity of argon and xenon may explain their clinically relevant cytoprotective effects.
Double-line rigid origami (2017)

In this paper, we will show methods to interpret some rigid origami with higher degree vertices as the limit case of structures with degree-4 supplementary angle vertices. The interpretation is based on separating each crease into two parallel creases, or \emph{double lines}, connected by additional structures at the vertex. We show that double-lined versions of degree-4 flat-foldable vertices possess a rigid folding motion, as do symmetric degree-$2n$ vertices. The latter gives us a symbolic analysis of the original vertex, showing that the tangent of the quarter fold angles are proportional to each other. The double line method is also a potentially useful in giving thickness to rigid origami mechanisms. By making single crease into two creases, the fold angles can be distributed to avoid $180^\circ$ folds, when panels can easily collide with each other. This can be understood as an extension of the crease offset method of thick rigid origami with an additional guarantee of rigid-foldability.
IgA nephropathy (1999)

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy results from the abnormal deposition of IgA immunoglobulin in the glomerulus, which leads to the characteristic presentation of painless hematuria. It is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide. Originally described 30 years ago, it was thought to follow a benign course. We now know that IgA nephropathy leads to progressive renal destruction in about one third of affected patients. Alteration in glycosylation of circulating IgA may be an important pathophysiologic mechanism that predisposes to IgA deposition, although how this leads to parenchymal damage remains unclear. Hypertension, high-grade proteinuria, and elevated serum creatinine levels are known risk factors for progressive renal destruction. In addition to these well-recognized risk factors, there appear to be genetic variants, particularly within the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene, that portend a worse outcome.
Effect of substitutional hydride ions on the charge states of oxygen vacancies in thermochemically reduced CaO and MgO (1990)

Different methods of thermochemical reduction of CaO and MgO crystals can yield dramatically different optical-absorption and -emission properties. In general, thermochemical reduction produces oxygen vacancies and substitutional ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ (hydride) ions with the vacancies mainly in the two-electron charge state (F center). Removal of protons before or during thermochemical reduction results in anion vacancies that are primarily in the one-electron ${\mathit{F}}^{+}$ state. Data are presented to relate the effect of hydride concentration on the charge states of the anion vacancies. Photobleaching experiments permit identification of three absorption bands as due to electron donors in thermochemically reduced CaO. Finally, we provide experimental results which indicate that the intrinsic F and ${\mathit{F}}^{+}$ centers in MgO or CaO crystals are not viable candidates for tunable lasers.
Wavelet-Based Detection of Stimulus Responses in Time-Lapse Microscopy (2006)

Many experimental paradigms in biology aim at studying the response to coordinated stimuli. In dynamic imaging experiments, the observed data is often not straightforward to interpret and not directly measurable in a quantitative fashion. Consequently, the data is typically preprocessed in an ad hoc fashion and the results subjected to a statistical inference at the level of a population. We propose a new framework for analyzing time-lapse images that exploits some a priori knowledge on the type of temporal response and takes advantage of the spatial correlation of the data. This is achieved by processing the data in the wavelet domain and expressing the time course of each wavelet coefficient by a linear model. We end up with a statistical map in the spatial domain for the contrast of interest (i.e., the stimulus response). The feasibility of the method is demonstrated by an example of intrinsic microscopy imaging of mice's brains during coordinated sensory stimulation
Slow light in hundreds of coupled silicon-on-insulator microrings (2011)

Recently, we have demonstrated slow light propagation in coupled-resonator optical waveguides consisting of upto 235 directly-coupled silicon microrings. High resolution spectral measurements of light transmission and the scaling of transport statistics with increasing length reveal that resonator excitations are mutually correlated, as expected from theory. Successful light transmission through coherently-coupled resonator chains that are several hundreds of resonators long is promising for future large-scale silicon photonic circuitry.
High pressure calorimetry as applied to piezothermal analysis (1976)

This paper describes an apparatus which can be used to determine bulk thermal expansion coefficients of liquids as a function of temperature and pressure up to 10 kilobar in a temperature range from −20° to 100 °C. The principle of the method consists in measuring the heat of compression by a step by step procedure. The apparatus is a Joule twin calorimeter which is composed of a high pressure vessel and a reference cylinder. Temperature differences between these two components can be detected at better than 10−5 K by means of a gas thermometer, thus providing high sensitivity. Results are given for liquid n-hexane and ethyl alcohol.
Type A-derived genetically modified live attenuated <i>Francisella tularensis</i> is immunogenic and efficacious in rabbits (VAC7P.965) (2014)

Abstract Francisella tularensis is a gram negative non-motile coccobacillus that is the causative agent of tularemia. There is concern that F. tularensis could be used as a biological weapon and development of vaccines is a high priority. Type A strains are highly virulent but the current live vaccine strain (LVS) is based on a type B strain and is only partially protective against aerosol challenge with SCHU S4, a type A strain. A series of live attenuated vaccine candidates were derived from the SCHU S4 strain containing specific deletion mutations in target genes. After initial studies in mice, these attenuated strains were evaluated in rabbits. Rabbits were vaccinated by scarification which induced a mild fever and eschar formation at the inoculation site but no other clinical signs of disease. Serum IgG responses could be detected in all vaccinated rabbits as early as day 7 and continued to increase through day 21 before declining slightly on day 28. CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells proliferated when cultured in vitro with heat-killed SCHU S4. Three of the vaccine strains conferred partial protection against death (ranging from 27-40%) and prolonged time to death in animals that did succumb. Vaccination with LVS prolonged survival by 1-2 days but did not protect against death. Type A-derived vaccines are immunogenic and provide better protection than LVS in the rabbit model against a robust aerosol challenge. These candidates warrant further study and evaluation.
Emergence of Sylvatic Echinococcus granulosus as a Parasitic Zoonosis of Public Health Concern in an Indigenous Community in Canada (2010)

Within a remote Canadian Indigenous community, at least 11* of people had antibodies against Echinococcus granulosus and E. granulosus eggs were detected in 6* of environmentally collected canine fecal samples. Dog ownership, hunting, and trapping were not risk factors for seropositivity, suggesting that people are most likely exposed to E. granulosus through indirect contact with dog feces in the environment. In this situation, human exposure could be most effectively curtailed by preventing consumption of cervid viscera by free-roaming dogs.
P2‐096: Regional medial temporal damage and familiarity‐based recognition in Alzheimer's disease (2008)

A core deficit in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive decline in declarative memory, the ability to remember facts and episodes. Declarative memory is thought to depend on the medial temporal lobe (MTL), but the nature of the contributions made by specific MTL subregions is highly controversial. Some evidence suggests that hippocampal processing contributes disproportionately to recall relative to familiarity-based recognition, whereas perirhinal cortex contributes preferentially to familiarity-based recognition. Other evidence suggests that contributions from both the hippocampus and adjacent cortical regions are relevant for recall and recognition. We recently tested recognition in AD and in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) using object silhouettes with high target-foil resemblance (Westerberg et al., 2006). In that study, yes-no recognition was impaired in AD and aMCI. Forced-choice recognition was only somewhat impaired in AD and was entirely preserved in aMCI. In these recognition tests, relative judgments of item familiarity are thought to contribute to forced-choice but not yes-no recognition. Thus, we hypothesized that familiarity-based recognition in aMCI may be mediated by MTL areas relatively less affected by AD-related neuropathology. We used magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the neural basis of recognition in AD and aMCI. In one analysis, we measured volumes of MTL regions defined by anatomical landmarks, including hippocampus and entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. In another analysis, we used arterial spin labeling to measure perfusion in these same regions. Volume and regional cerebral blood flow measures differed in several regions between patients and controls. Regression analyses were also conducted to examine relationships between MTL pathology and recognition. Of particular importance, forced-choice recognition correlated with hippocampal pathology, suggesting that familiarity judgments depend on hippocampal integrity. Furthermore, different patterns of brain-behavior relationships were observed across the two test formats, consistent with the notion that different processes contribute to recognition tested with “yes-no” versus forced-choice formats. Further analyses will investigate potential relationships between recognition and atrophy in other brain regions. Examining specialized memory functions and specific brain regions in this manner is an effective means for understanding relationships between brain function and healthy memory as well as memory dysfunction.
The Effect of Driver Management System According to SHE COP in Reducing Speed Violations (2009)

Safety Health and Environment Code of Practice (SHE COP) for the transportation sector was developed in 2007as a result of a series of high profile accidents involving commercial vehicles. A study was conducted among several express bus operators to investigate the effectiveness of SHE COP. The first objective of this study is to evaluate the occurrence of speed violation between implementing and non implementing SHE COP bus operators. The second objective is to evaluate the occurrence of speed violation between single and dual driver bus operations. Speed data was collected by using global positioning system (GPS) units installed in selected express buses among the participating companies. It is found that there is a significant difference of speed violation occurrence between implementing and non implementing SHE COP bus operators and between single and dual driver bus operations. It is interesting to note that once the speed limit is violated, drivers' behaviours are similar and independent of whether SHE COP is being practiced. Most of the drivers, who exceeded the 90 km/h speed limit, drove to a maximum speed ranging from 104 to 106 km/h. Hence, it is recommended that SHE COP be implemented by all commercial vehicle operators as the implementation can contributes towards the reduction of accidents involving commercial vehicles especially express buses.
Can Stage A1 Tumor Extent be Predicted by Transurethral Resection Tumor Volume, Per Cent or Grade? A Study of 64 Stage A1 Radical Prostatectomies with Comparison to Prostates Removed for Stages A2 and B Disease (1991)

We studied 64 totally embedded radical prostatectomy specimens of stage A1 prostate cancer. The transurethral resection specimens were studied and compared to previously studied stages A2 and B cancer in which tumor volumes also were calculated. At radical prostatectomy 6% of the specimens had no residual cancer, 74% had minimal cancer and 20% had substantial cancer. Although most stages A2 and B tumors were larger, there was overlap among all stages. Transurethral resection tumor volume, per cent and grade were not statistically correlated with either radical prostatectomy residual tumor volume, or whether tumor was classified as minimal or substantial. Gleason sum 2 to 4 versus 5 to 7 tumor on transurethral resection showed no difference in predicting radical prostatectomy residual tumor or minimal versus substantial tumor status. Because 20% of all stage A1 cancers have substantial tumor at radical prostatectomy unpredictable by transurethral resection, radical prostatectomy remains an option for young men with stage A1 prostate cancer.
Alternative Splicing Is Responsible for the Presence of Two Tissue Factor mRNA Species in LPS Stimulated Human Monocytes (1992)

Although normally absent from the surface of all circulating cell types, tissue factor (TF) can be induced to appear on circulating monocytes by stimulants like bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and phorbolesters. Northern analysis of RNA isolated from LPS stimulated human monocytes demonstrates the presence of 2.2 kb and 3.1 kb TF mRNA species. The 2.2 kb message codes for the TF protein. As demonstrated by Northern blot analysis with a variety of TF gene probes, the 3.1 kb message arises from an alternative splicing process which fails to remove 955 bp from intron 1. Because of a stop codon in intron 1 no TF protein is produced from the 3.1 kb transcript. This larger transcript should therefore not be taken into account when comparing TF gene transcription and TF protein levels.
Relationship of surface membranes of lymphoid cells transformed by Abelson murine leukemia virus to tumor rejection. (1983)

The Abelson murine leukemia virus (A-MuLV)-transformed lymphoid cell line L1–2 is exceptional since it is rejected following transplantation into syngeneic C57L mice. Furthermore, the serum from recovered mice (Abelson tumor serum) has been used as a source of antibodies to abl antigens present in the M r 120,000 A-MuLV-encoded gag-abl fusion protein (p120). In addition to p120, this antiserum precipitates from L1-2 cell extracts a minor gag-abl fusion protein with an apparent M r of 95,000 (p95). Serological and peptide mapping studies indicate that p95 lacks a portion of the abl region that occurs in p120. However, p95 and p120 contain the same substrate sites for tyrosine-specific protein kinase. The presence of abl antigens on the surface membranes of A-MuLV-infected cells was confirmed by rosetting studies using sheep erythrocytes coupled to protein A and by serum adsorption analyses. Because previous workers were unable to label the putative gag-abl cell surface component(s) using chemical probes, we attempted to identify these cell surface molecules by a method that involves direct adsorption of antibodies onto l-[35S]methionine-labeled intact cells followed by cell washing, lysis with detergents, and rapid isolation of antigen:antibody complexes (Krangel, M. S., Orr, H. T., and Strominger, J. L. Cell, 24: 847–858, 1979). However, the gag-abl cell surface components were not recovered in the resulting immune complexes, apparently because they dissociated from their low-avidity antibodies before their isolation could be achieved. Nevertheless, an M r 95,000 protein was identified on the L1–2 cell surface using the Abelson tumor serum as a probe. Extensive serum adsorption analyses demonstrate that this M r 95,000 protein is distinct from the p95 gag-abl fusion protein. Furthermore, the M r 95,000 protein is present on L1–2 cell surfaces but not on more tumorigenic lymphoid or fibroblast cell lines infected with A-MuLV. We propose that immune response directed against the M r 95,000 cell surface protein of L1–2 cells may be involved in the exceptional rejectability of this tumor cell line. These studies provide a logical framework which may be generally useful for the preparation of tumor-specific antisera.
Graphite‐Moderated Fission Reactor Technology (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Graphite as Moderator History of Graphite-Moderated Fission Reactors “Magnox” and AGR Power Plants HTGR Power Plant Concept VHTR Power Plant Concept Boiling Water–Cooled Graphite-Moderated Reactors (RBMK) Further Reading
Oxygen Diffusion in High-T<sub>c</sub> Superconductors (1990)

The cuprate superconductors are fascinating not only because of their technical promise, but also because of their structures, especially the anisotropy of the crystal lattice. There are some structural similarities among these compounds, but also significant differences. Measurements of the oxygen tracer diffusion coefficients have been carried out as a function of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, crystal orientation, and doping in the La-Sr-Cu-0, Y-Ba-Cu-0, and Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-0 systems. These measurements have revealed a variety of defect mechanisms operating in these compounds; the exact nature of the mechanism depends on the details of the structure.
DETERMINATION OF INTRAVASCULAR TUMOR VOLUMES OF RIF AND EMT6 NEOPLASMS AFTER HYPERTHERMIA USING Tc-99m RBC (1982)

Coleman, David D.; Hahn, George M.; Fajardo, Luis; Ross, I.; McDougall, Author Information
The Effect of Texture on the Fatigue Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Interstitial-Free Steel (2008)

The present paper reports on the effect of texture on the cyclic stress-strain response (CSSR) and the fatigue life of ultrafine-grained (UFG) interstitial-free (IF) steel. Tests in the lowcycle fatigue (LCF) regime were conducted on material that was processed by the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) technique along the so called “efficient” route 8E. This route has been shown to result in a homogeneous microstructure with a high fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), which are beneficial for a stable CSSR. In addition, the evolution of the microstructure was characterized by means of electron optical techniques, including electron backscattered diffraction, and by X-Ray diffractometry. It was found that the initial texture of specimens cut from the ECAE billet along different orientations with respect to the extrusion direction (ED) has a substantial effect on the CSSR of the UFG IF steel. Furthermore, microscopy results indicated the notable influence of the last ECAE processing step on the evolution of damage in the material.
Investigation of mechanical properties and devitrification of Cu-based bulk glass formers alloyed with noble metals (2003)

The mechanical properties, glass-forming ability, supercooled liquid region and devitrification behaviour of the Cu–Zr–Ti–(Pd, Ag, Pt and Au) bulk glass formers were studied by using a mechanical testing machine, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal calorimetry. The bulk glassy alloys of diameter 2 mm were formed in the Cu55Zr30Ti10Pd5 and Cu55Zr30Ti10Ag5 alloys while Cu55Zr30Ti10Au5 bulk alloy showed mixed glassy and crystalline structure. No glassy phase was formed in the Cu55Zr30Ti10Pt5 bulk alloy whereas the glassy phase was formed in all of the ribbon samples prepared by rapid solidification. The studied alloys except for the Pt-bearing one have slightly increased compressive fracture or yield strength values compared to ternary Cu60Zr30Ti10 glassy alloy. At the same time Pd and Au addition significantly expand the supercooled liquid region of Cu–Zr–Ti glassy alloy and increase Young’s modulus. A nanoicosahedral phase is primarily formed in the Cu55Zr30Ti10(Pd,Au)5 glassy alloys in the initial stage of the devitrification process by nucleation and three-dimensional diffusion-controlled growth. Nearly the same quasilattice constant obtained in the Cu55Zr30Ti10(Pd,Au)5 alloys illustrates the same type of the icosahedral phase in these alloys. However, no icosahedral phase was found in the Cu55Zr30Ti10(Ag,Pt)5 alloys.
Ordering of transition metal ions in olivine (1976)

There appears in the literature a discrepancy between crystal-field predictions and the experimental occupancies of the two cation sites M(1) and M(2) by 3d metal ions in the olivine structure. In particular, tle extensive amount of Ni-Mg ordering has been thought to be surprising in view of the slight ordering observed in some Fe-Mg olivines @ajamani, Brown & Prewitt 1975). The puqpose of this note is to show in a general way that the differences in the degree of ordering for Ni2+, Co2+ and Fes* olivines are in line with sirnple crystal-field theory.
Randomized Trial of Intravenous Iron Supplementation in Patients With Chemotherapy-Related Anemia Without Iron Deficiency Treated With Darbepoetin Alfa (2008)

In patients with chemotherapy-related anemia and no iron deficiency, IV iron supplementation significantly reduces treatment failures to darbepoetin without additional toxicity.
Cadmium injuries on photosynthetic apparatus in hyperaccumulator and non-hyperaccumulator Thlaspi species (2001)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Low Complexity, High Efficiency Probability Model for Hyper-spectral Image Coding (2011)

This paper describes a low-complexity, high-efficiency lossy-to-lossless coding scheme for hyper-spectral images. Together with only a 2D wavelet transform on individual image components, the proposed scheme achieves coding performance similar to that achieved by a 3D transform strategy that adds one level of wavelet decomposition along the depth axis of the volume. The proposed schemes operates by means of a probability model for symbols emitted by the bit plane coding engine. This probability model captures the statistical behavior of hyper-spectral images with high precision. The proposed method is implemented in the core coding system of JPEG2000 reducing computational costs by 25%.
The evaluation of cognitive abilities in persons with cochlear implants (2004)

The results show the cochlear implant children’s ability to comprehend both English and Filipino questions and articulate answers, albeit on different levels of competence. The results are important for decision making prior to cochlear implantation in bilingual societies such as countries like the Philippines, Malaysia and South Africa, as well as immigrant groups in other countries. Therapy in a language different to the home language seems to encourage informal language acquisition similar to hearing children.