gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fully multivariate DEUM algorithm (2009)

Distribution Estimation Using Markov network (DEUM) algorithm is a class of estimation of distribution algorithms that uses Markov networks to model and sample the distribution. Several different versions of this algorithm have been proposed and are shown to work well in a number of different optimisation problems. One of the key similarities between all of the DEUM algorithms proposed so far is that they all assume the interaction between variables in the problem to be pre given. In other words, they do not learn the structure of the problem and assume that it is known in advance. Therefore, they may not be classified as full estimation of distribution algorithms. This work presents a fully multivariate DEUM algorithm that can automatically learn the undirected structure of the problem, automatically find the cliques from the structure and automatically estimate a joint probability model of the Markov network. This model is then sampled using Monte Carlo samplers. The proposed DEUM algorithm can be applied to any general optimisation problem even when the structure is not known.
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Oncolytic adenovirus targeting cyclin E overexpression repressed tumor growth in syngeneic immunocompetent mice (2015)

Characterization of cyclin E background in murine ED-1 cells. (a) The genomic DNA was isolated from ED-1 cells, and PCR was used to detect cyclin E with sense primer 5'-TTG GCT ATG CTG GAG GAA GTA-3â and antisense primer 5'-AGT GCT CTT CGG TGG TGT CAT-3â . (b) The cell lysates from parent ED-1 and single-cell clones were immunoblotted for cyclin E proteins. (TIFF 289Â kb)
Macular corneal dystrophy in a Chinese family related with novel mutations of CHST6. (2009)

Those novel compound heterozygous mutations were thought to contribute to the loss of CHST6 function, which induced the abnormal metabolism of keratan sulfate (KS) that deposited in the corneal stroma. It could be proved by the observation of a positive stain reaction and the enlarged collagen fibers as well as hyperplastic fibroblasts under microscopes.
Molecular‐Weight‐Tagged Glycopeptide Library: Efficient Construction and Applications (2005)

Generation of diversity: An oligosaccharide library can be constructed from glycopeptides by repeating incomplete glycosyltransferse (GTs) reactions in a single tube (see picture). Each product has a different molecular weight (MW). Therefore, the structure of each component in the library can be identified immediately by mass spectrometry alone. The differently colored shapes in the picture symbolize different glycosyl residues.
SOME FUNCTIONS OF THE URINARY BLADDER IN A CRAB (1966)

1. The concentration of urine Mg++ in immersed specimens of Pachygrapsus is independent of the Mg++ influx as well as the concentration of Mg++ in the medium. It is, however, a function of the salinity of the medium. 2. Low U/B values for inulin indicate that water withdrawal has little effect in causing the high urine Mg++ concentrations and Mg++ U/B values observed in Pachygrapsus. 3. Repetitive samplings of urine from individual crabs immersed in 100% sea water reveal that the urine Mg++ concentration fluctuates with time, varying as much as three-fold in a single crab. This is not believed to be due to fluctuations in the Mg++ transport mechanism. 4. The wide range of urine Mg++ concentrations observed in the field can be explained chiefly on the basis of fluctuating urine concentrations in individuals rather than on large variations in the ability to concentrate Mg++. 5. There is evidence that the membranes of the bladder transport Mg++ from blood to urine, and the concentration of Mg++ attained in the urine of Pachygrapsus depends on the length of time that urine is held in the bladder. Thus, hypo-regulating crabs immersed in hypersaline water having a small water influx will hold urine in the bladder sufficiently long to build up the Mg++ concentration. Hyper-regulating crabs in dilute sea water with a large water influx release urine too frequently to permit Mg++ buildup. This explains how the urine Mg++ concentration can be independent of the Mg++ concentration in the medium, but is a function of the salinity of the external medium. 6. Fluctuating urine Mg++ concentrations in crabs are believed to indicate periods of bladder evacuation, low Mg++ following evacuation and high Mg++ preceding evacuation. 7. There is evidencethat when Mg++ is transported into the urine through the bladder wall, electro-chemical balance is achieved by direct exchange with Na+, but also by some movement of Cl- with the Mg++. Such a mechanism is compatible with the observed decreases in urine Na+ concentration accompanying increases in urine Mg++ concentration. 8. Crabs treated with the Na+ transport inhibitor ouabain can concentrate Mg++ in the urine. Thus, there is no evidence that Mg++ transport is coupled to the active transport of Na++. 9. Mg++ transport from blood to urine is more rapid when the crab is immersed in high salinities than when immersed in low salinities. The mechanism controlling the rate of Mg++ transport seems to be triggered directly by the Mg++ concentrations in the blood and possibly by the blood osmotic concentration. 10. The concentration of Mg++ attained in the urine of a crab does not necesarily indicate the relative ability to excrete Mg++. It is suggested that permeability of the animal to water determines the rate of water turnover and therefore the rate of bladder evacuation. This, in turn, limits the period during which Mg++ can be accumulated in a given volume of urine. 11. Direct catheterization of Pachygrapsus would be expected to deprive the bladder of its normal renal function, thus giving spurious values for urine flow and ion losses.
Colon-specific eQTL analysis to inform on functional SNPs (2018)

This resource should be useful to prioritise SNPs for further functional studies and to identify relevant genes behind identified loci.
Is the adherent, non-specific 'suppressor' cell from rodent spleens an in vitro artefact? (1978)

Mitomycin C-treated cells from the spleens of mice pre-treated with BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, cyclophosphamide or methylcellulose will inhibit the mitogen responses of normal cells in vitro, but extended dose-response studies have shown that such cell populations will also enhance the response if added in very small numbers. The number of cells giving peak enhancement is proportional to the percentage of the spleen cells which are adherent at 72 hr. Such late-adhering cells are not removed by conventional adherence column techniques. The concept of the adherent suppressor T cell is discussed in the light of these findings.
Aliphatic polyureas: Melting points versus intrinsic viscosities (1961)

Abstract An homologous series of aliphatic polyureas of the type where the x = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 12, was prepared from hexamethylene diisocyanate and diamines. The polymers were obtained in powder form with the use of acetone as the solvent. The intrinsic viscosities of the phenolic solutions of these polyureas were found to decrease with increasing polymerization temperature. When the melting points of the polymers were plotted against the intrinsic viscosities within each species of polymer, these melting points were found to increase with the intrinsic viscosity. The curves so formed appeared to approach an asymptote.
Planimetrically Determined Vertical Cup/Disc and Rim Width/Disc Diameter Ratios and Related Factors (2012)

In nonglaucomatous eyes, increased v-C/D and decreased superior and inferior Rw/Dd ratios were significantly correlated not only with increased age and disc size but also with higher IOP, lower diastolic OPP, and thinner CCT, suggesting that these simple disc parameters also represent vulnerability to glaucoma insults in nonglaucomatous eyes.
Rectal and Colonic Injury in the Llama Anatomic Considerations and Surgical Management in Four Llamas (1993)

Transrectal palpation in llamas can result in iatrogenic rectal and colonic injury. The purpose of this report is to define the caudal extent of the peritoneal cavity in llamas and to describe the surgical management of rectal or colonic injuries in four llamas. Measurements were made of six adult llamas during necropsy. The mean distance from the peritoneal reflection to the anus was 3.9 ± 0.1 cm (3.4 ‐ 4.3 cm). Four llamas were examined for rectal or colonic perforations. One laceration was of partial thickness and three lacerations were of full thickness. Two of the defects were repaired by a transanal approach and two by celiotomy to facilitate removal of fecal debris and abdominal lavage. Successful repair of the rectal or colonic tears was achieved in all four llamas. Wound infection and incisional hernia occurred in both llamas that underwent celiotomy. Two llamas died 3 and 18 months later, and two llamas have survived 2 years. Rectal tears in llamas are accompanied by a high risk of peritoneal contamination, and primary closure is recommended. If fecal contamination of the abdomen has occurred, celiotomy is indicated to allow mechanical removal of fecal debris and peritoneal lavage.
Total and partial erucate of pentaerythritol. Infrared spectroscopy study of relationship between structure, reactivity, and thermal properties (1998)

Abstract Esters of neopentylpolyols are an important starting base for synthetic lubricants. These bulky esters are generally prepared by an esterification reaction between a carboxylic acid and a neopentylpolyol. Because neopentylpolyols have a number of primary alcohol sites, a variety of partial esters is formed before total esters. In the present study, we investigated the reaction between pentaerythritol and erucic acid. The composition of the reaction mixture in erucic acid, partial esters, and total esters was monitored by thin‐layer chromatography, coupled with flame‐ionization detection. The pure esters and the esters in solution at different concentrations in xylene at different temperatures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Erucic acid and partial esters in xylene coexist in the free form and as bound complexes. These findings furthered understanding of the reactivity and thermal properties of the partial esters.
Vibration Analysis and Transmission Characteristics of Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers Using Epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O<sub>3</sub>Thin Films on γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/Si Substrate (2012)

Low-voltage (<12 V)-operation piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) are hoped to be integrated with Si-LSI. Realizing this requires not only improving the piezoelectric properties, but also clarifying the vibration modes of transducers. In this study, we experimentally investigated the vibration mode and transmission ultrasonic waves by pMUTs using epitaxial Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films on the epitaxial γ-Al2O3/Si substrates to radiate ultrasonic waves effectively. Five resonance vibration modes appeared in 100-µm-diameter circular pMUTs at frequencies in the range from 1 to 10 MHz in air. The frequency of mode (0,1) was 2.2 MHz, and this mode radiates ultrasonic waves very effectively. Ultrasonic transmission was also achieved in water using the above vibration mode, applying voltage of less than 10 Vp–p. These results show the potential for high-frequency pMUT integration with Si devices.
X-Ray Studies of the Successive Structural Phase Transitions of (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NHCdCl<sub>3</sub> (1985)

The successive structural phase transitions in a linear chain compound (CH 3 ) 3 NHCdCl 3 were investigated by an X-ray photographic method. From the intensities of the super lattice reflections, the structures of the monoclinic (3×2) phase which has P2 1 /m symmetry and the hexagonal (3×3) phase which has P6 3 /m symmetry were discussed. Present analysis shows that the phase transitions of this compound are fairly well described by a sequence of rigid reorientations of the metal-chlorine chains. It was also argued that the (3×3) phase would be composed of micro twins.
Dimming Cellular Networks (2010)

We propose a novel technique called dimming to improve the energy efficiency of cellular networks by reducing the capacity, services, and energy consumption of cells without turning off the cells. We define three basic methods to dim the network: coverage, frequency, and service dimming. We construct a multi-time period optimization problem to implement frequency dimming and extend it to implement both frequency and service dimming together. We illustrate the ability of dimming techniques to adapt the capacity and network services in proportion to the dynamic spatial and temporal load resulting in significant energy savings through numerical results for a sample network.
Projet d'atelier de chloruration du methane (1963)

f;;Jr p'v,.~~L w~-wtf~{
[Effect of bulbar microinjections of noradrenaline, isoproterenol and phentolamine on the spino-bulbo-spinal reflex in the cat]. (1984)

In chloralose-anesthetized cats a long lasting depression of spino-bulbo-spinal (SBS) reflex discharges following microinjections of noradrenaline and its agonist (isoproterenol) in the medial bulbar reticular formation was revealed. Microinjections of phentolamine (alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist) were followed by prominent enhancement of SBS-reflexes. Depressive action of the locus coeruleus stimulation on SBS-responses essentially decreased after these microinjections. The data evidence for a specific noradrenergic nature of inhibitory locus coeruleus influences on reticular centre of SBS-reflexes.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL REACTION BETWEEN 5‐METHYLENE‐1,3‐CYCLOHEXADIENE AND STYRENE (1978)

Abstract 5‐Methylen‐1,3‐cyclohexadien (I), das aus dem Itaconsäureanhydrid/Pyron‐Addukt (V) über die elektrochemisch erhaltene Zwischenstufe (VI) thermisch hergestellt werden kann, führt bei der Reaktion mit Styrol (II) zu einem Gemisch der Diphenylpropane (III) und (IV).
Modular Design of Programmable Mechanofluorescent DNA Hydrogels (2019)

Mechanosensing systems are ubiquitous in nature and control many functions from cell spreading to wound healing. Biologic systems typically rely on supramolecular transformations and secondary reporter systems to sense weak forces. By contrast, synthetic mechanosensitive materials often use covalent transformations of chromophores, serving both as force sensor and reporter, which hinders orthogonal engineering of their sensitivity, response and modularity. Here, we introduce FRET-based, rationally tunable DNA tension probes into macroscopic 3D all-DNA hydrogels to prepare mechanofluorescent materials with programmable sacrificial bonds and stress relaxation. This design addresses current limitations of mechanochromic system by offering spatiotemporal resolution, as well as quantitative and modular force sensing in soft hydrogels. The programmable force probe design further grants temporal control over the recovery of the mechanofluorescence during stress relaxation, enabling reversible and irreversible strain sensing. We show proof-of-concept applications to study strain fields in composites and to visualize freezing-induced strain patterns in homogeneous hydrogels.
Fat Emulsion for Complete Intravenous Nutrition (1967)

In a clinical study of the soybean oil emulsion Intralipid, 2,781 infusions were given to surgical and geriatric patients. In 97.3 percent, no pyrogenic complications were recorded. In 1 percent, chills were recorded. Except for a transitory increase of sulfobromophthaletn retention, no other side effects were observed. A discussion on experimental studies was published in the August and September issues.
Delay Analysis for Sparse Vehicular Sensor Networks with Reliability Considerations (2013)

This paper addresses the relation between message delivery delay and reliability for the communication between a vehicle and a road side unit (RSU). We focus on sparse vehicular sensor networks (VSNs), where timely message delivery and reliable transmission are of significant importance. We present a mathematical framework for the message delivery delay distribution for a two-lane road, where vehicles in one direction act as message carriers for the ones in the other direction and have the freedom to leave the road from randomly distributed road junctions with a certain probability. Packet generator vehicles store the original packets till meeting an RSU while sending multiple copies of each packet to packet carrier vehicles. Our analysis offers an analytical tool for an intelligent transportation system (ITS) service provider to determine the minimum RSU density required to cover a road for meeting a probabilistic requirement of the message delay. Extensive computer simulation results show the accuracy of our analysis and clearly indicate the relation of packet delay and the number of packet replicas.
Fourier-transform-limited 2.5 ps light pulses withelectricallytunable wavelength (15 nm) by hybridly modelocking asemiconductor laser in a chirped Bragg grating fibre external cavity (1995)

A chirped Bragg grating fibre external cavity semiconductor laser is hybridly modelocked to generate light pulses with perfectly linear wavelength chirp, resulting in Fourier-transform-limited 2.5 ps pulses incorporated with subsequent chirp compensation. The setup facilitates wavelength tunability across the whole grating bandwidth (15 nm) by changing the modulation frequency.
De Novo Pyridine Ring Synthesis and Methylsulfinyl Displacement by Amines (2009)

Reported is the synthesis of multisubstituted 6-methylsulfinyl pyridine and the subsequent functionalization by displacement of the methylsulfinyl group with nucleophiles. The starting materials are commercially available and/or easily synthesizable. The de novo pyridine construction proceeds in a moderate yield (44%), whereas the oxidation step is selective and high yielding. Yields from the nucleophilic displacement range from poor to moderate. The substrate scope was insufficiently studied as the nucleophiles used were predominantly primary amines. Oxidation of thiomethyl group to the methylsulfinyl is required as the former does not undergo displacement reactions.
Human placental lactogen: a predictor of perinatal outcome? (1979)

Serial human placental lactogen (hPL) determinations were performed on 806 women with normal and abnormal pregnancies late in the pregnancy. These results were not reported to the clinicians involved. For the study population as a whole, low hPL levels did not effectively predict those adverse perinatal outcome variables evaluated. Further analysis revealed that this was true both for the normal and abnormal pregnancy groups. Our data do not support the routine use of antepartum hPL screening, as advocated by others, as a means of improving perinatal outcome. In certain at-risk patients, there was an association between low hPL values and the presence of 1 or more of the adverse outcome variables. However, these patients had been recognized clinically as having fetuses in jeopardy.
A bias fault estimation of actuators and sensors by optimization with ℓ<inf>0</inf> norm constraint (2017)

This paper proposes a bias fault estimation method by a single observer, which is based on the compress sensing. Fault-tolerant control of systems becomes increasingly important to keep safety of systems. The bias fault estimation is one of the most important technologies in fault-tolerant control theory, especially for passive fault-tolerant servo systems. For the bias fault estimation problem, the disturbance observer approach has been proposed. However, this approach cannot be applied to the estimation of all faults at both actuators and sensors by a single observer. In this paper, a bias fault estimation method based on the compress sensing is proposed. Under the assumption that only one device fault occurs at a time, the bias fault estimation method by a single observer can be formulated as an optimization problem with l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> norm constraint. This paper gives a numerical example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed estimation method.
A comparison of CMOS and BiCMOS add-compare-select circuits for maximum likelihood sequence detectors (2003)

Two current-mode analogue circuits for use in convolutional decoders and Viterbi detectors in digital magnetic disk-drives are described and compared. The circuits operate in excess of 100 MHz and consume less than 4 mW per state with 2.8 V supply rails when realised in 0.8 /spl mu/m technology. Post-layout simulation results are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Operation and Electrochemical Aspects of Hall‐Heroult Cells Containing Solid Wetted Cathodes: A 30‐Year Chronicle (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Examination about the influence for daily life that nail and skin disorders induced by docetaxel in patients with breast cancer]. (2009)

Docetaxel is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents for the breast cancer patients. However, it has also experienced as toxicities causing nail diformation and skin trouble, and is considered as adverse elements other than edema and neurotoxicity. It is expected to have tremendous influence on women's daily life-decrease in quality of life. Nail and skin toxicity might occur among patients treated with docetaxel more frequently than evidence in the clinical medical records. Therefore, we have conducted a questionnaire investigation, targeting the patients who had been treated with docetaxel. Between March, 2004 and February, 2006, 52 patients, who had been prescribed docetaxel at the time of the surgery, or for their relapse, became subject to the evaluation. Skin impediments have found most during the second and the third courses; the contents include discomfort towards their beauty and housework. Influence to their daily life that the patients feel do not necessarily match the contents that doctors have recognized. In conclusion, this investigation evidenced that the troubles on quality of life such as nail and skin troubles, should be paid more attention, as well as major side effects such as edema, neutropenia, and neurotoxicity.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated With Pterygium in Adult Chinese (2007)

The prevalence of pterygium in Greater Beijing is approximately 3% among Chinese > or =40 years of age. Independent associations with living in a rural versus urban region, increasing age, and male sex suggested a correlation with outdoor work.
High power ion thruster performance (1987)

The ion thruster is one of several forms of space electric propulsion being considered for use on future SP-100-based missions. One possible major mission ground rule is the use of a single Space Shuttle launch. Thus, the mass in orbit at the reactor activation altitude would be limited by the Shuttle mass constraints. When the spacecraft subsystem masses are subtracted from this available mass limit, a maximum propellant mass may be calculated. Knowing the characteristics of each type of electric thruster allows maximum values of total impulse, mission velocity increment, and thrusting time to be calculated. Because ion thrusters easily operate at high values of efficiency (60 to 70%) and specific impulse (3000 to 5000 sec), they can impart large values of total impulse to a spacecraft. They also can be operated with separate control of the propellant flow rate and exhaust velocity. This paper presents values of demonstrated and projected performance of high power ion thrusters used in an analysis of electric propulsion for an SP-100 based mission.