gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of adult sensory neuron electroporation to study mechanisms of neurite growth (2012)

The development of eukaryotic transfection technologies has been rapid in recent years, providing the opportunity to better analyze cell-autonomous mechanisms influencing various cellular processes, including cell-intrinsic regulators of regenerative neurite growth and survival. Electroporation is one of the more effective methodologies for transfection of post-mitotic neurons demonstrating sufficient neuronal survival and transfection efficiency. To further maximize the number of transfected neurons especially with large plasmids, to limit the cellular exposure to serum, and to minimize the number of animals required for cell isolation per experiment, we compared two state-of-the-art electroporation devices for in vitro transfection of adult rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neuron cultures. By refining different parameters, transfection efficiencies of 39-42% could be achieved using the Lonza 4D-Nucleofector X-unit system, 1.5-2-fold higher rates than those that have been previously published for adult DRG neurons using smaller plasmid sizes. Our protocol further limits the number of cells required to 3 × 10(5) cells per 20 μl reaction using only 2 μg DNA/reaction and allows for the complete omission of serum post-transfection. Application of this optimized protocol will contribute to furthering the study of neuron-intrinsic mechanisms responsible for growth and survival under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Further Membranolide Diterpenes from the Antarctic Sponge <i>Dendrilla </i><i>m</i><i>embranosa</i> (2004)

Chemical investigation of the Antarctic sponge Dendrilla membranosa collected from the vicinity of Palmer Station on Anvers Island, Antarctica, yielded three new diterpenes, membranolides B-D (2-4), as well as three previously reported sponge metabolites. Membranolides C and D (3, 4), bearing carboxylic acid functional groups, display Gram-negative antibiotic and antifungal activities.
A molecular genetic model of human bladder carcinogenesis. (1993)

Human bladder carcinogenesis stands as a paradigm for research on the molecular genetic mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis. The pathogenesis of bladder cancer is multistage with a typical onset later in life. Epidemiological studies associate occupational exposure to aromatic amines with increased bladder cancer risk. Biochemical studies show aromatic amine metabolism, covalent binding, and DNA adduct formation in human uroepithelial cells (HUC). Smoking increases bladder cancer risk. A possible link with certain strains of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection has recently been suggested. Molecular analyses of bladder cancers reveal multiple genetic alterations, including mutational activation of oncogenes and inactivation of suppressor genes. A working hypothesis proposes that bladder carcinogens cause mutations in cancer genes (oncogenes and suppressor genes) in HUC that, possibly together with HPV infection and viral DNA integration, lead to the development of bladder cancer. In this review, we describe how this model is currently being tested using a multistep HUC in vitro transformation system.
Additions and Corrections-On the Mechanism of the Conversion of β-Iodo Carbamates to Aziridines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections-On the Mechanism of the Conversion of β-Iodo Carbamates to AziridinesAlfred Hassner and Clayton HeathcockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 12, 4395Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online30 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01023a611https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01023a611research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) observations of aerosol in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from the Kasatochi volcanic eruption (2010)

Near‐infrared (NIR) atmospheric extinction profile observations from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Imager and from Measurements of Aerosol Extinction in the Stratosphere and Troposphere Retrieved by Occultation (MAESTRO) are presented, illustrating the impact of the Kasatochi volcanic eruption in August 2008 on the aerosol loading of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere in the subsequent months. In September 2008, profiles of NIR extinction show a significant increase relative to each of the previous four Septembers (2004–2007). The aerosol enhancement is observable up to 18.5 km in Northern Hemisphere NIR extinction data, and peaks at 9.5 km in the extratropics, where the extinction is ∼8 times the normal September value. The particulate matter in the troposphere is quickly dispersed over the Northern Hemisphere during September 2008 and vanishes by the end of November 2008. An upper layer, initially in the extratropical lower stratosphere, persists through March 2009, descending with time into the troposphere where, by coagulation of sulphate aerosol, the size of the particles increases with time.
Sulcus anatomy and diameter in pseudophakic eyes and correlation with biometric data: Evaluation with a 50 MHz ultrasound biomicroscope (2012)

The sulcus anatomy had a vertical oval shape with the vertical meridian being the largest, but it also had variation in the direction of the largest meridian. The WTW measurements showed a weak correlation with STS. In pseudophakic eyes, Soemmerring ring or a bulky haptic may affect the ciliary sulcus anatomy.
NUCLEAR SPIN-LATTICE RELAXATION TIME IN TIN (1978)

The nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times for 119Sn and 117Sn have been measured in the temperature range between 20 and 50 mK with a SQUID magnetometer by watching the recovery of the longitudinal magnetization of the nulear spins after the application of an rf-pulse. The temperature was determined using a SQUID noise thermometer. The Korringa constants were estimated from the τ1-values. Application of the method for thermometry is discussed.
Development of prestressed clay brick masonry walls (1995)

Prestressed masonry walls offer various advantages over the current system of veneer construction which has been shown to have several problems. The cracking of masonry walls at service loads, and corrosion of wall ties due to water penetration can be effectively eliminated by the simple technique of post-tensioning. Prestress significantly compensates for the low tensile strength of masonry which is critical at service loads. A new concept of using prestressed masonry for veneer construction has been developed, and a simple yet practical technique of post-tensioning utilizing high strength threaded bars was successfully used in this research. This study included materials selection, analysis, design, and experimental testing of prestressed masonry wall panels. A total of fourteen panels of 3 x 6 ft were tested in the laboratory in two stages using newly developed two-cored brick units. The post-tensioned panels were tested for flexure to evaluate their capacity to resist out-of-plane loads. Stage I testing included six panels with three grouted and three ungrouted specimens. Results showed that the grouted specimens withstood approximately twice the capacity of the ungrouted specimens. In the Stage II testing, the prestressing force and the end bearing conditions of the panels were varied to investigate their effects. Also, the post-tensioning was applied at two different ages to investigate how early the prestress could be applied. Prestress loss study was conducted on eight 3 ft x 4 ft panels, where the stress in the prestressing steel and strain in masonry were continuously monitored for 187 days after construction. These panels were exposed to different weather conditions. This research study showed that the proposed post-tensioned veneer system is feasible. It can eliminate many of the problems associated with the conventional system of veneer construction, and the wall panels have an average factor of safety of 4.0 for cracking under service level wind loads. The results of the prestress loss study showed that moisture expansion of brick masonry significantly reduces the prestress losses in the reinforcing bars.
Reaction Kinetics and Subsequent Rheology of Carboxymethyl Guar Gum Produced from Guar Splits (2018)

Carboxymethyl guar gum (CMG) has been widely used in various industrial fields, although its use is especially important in hydraulic fracturing operations because of the high viscosity of its aqueous solutions and the ability to reversibly cross-link the material. However, detailed reaction kinetics for production of carboxymethyl guar has not been previously reported. In this study, we use a two-step environmentally friendly method to produce carboxymethyl guar gum by chemical modification of guar gum (GG) splits. We quantify conversion by NMR spectroscopy and wet chemistry methods and establish a structure and property relationship based on the rheological properties of corresponding CMG products. In addition, borate and zirconium cross-linkers are applied to study the rheological effect of cross-linking on GG and CMG aqueous solutions. Furthermore, we investigate, for the first time, the reaction kinetics of carboxymethylation of guar splits and report a rate equation to quantify the reaction kinetics.
Yellow adipocytes comprise a new adipocyte sub-type present in human bone marrow (2019)

Abstract During energy demanding conditions, white adipocytes store triglycerides and release fatty acids through lipolysis. In contrast, bone marrow adipocytes (BM-Ad) increase in size during caloric restriction, suggesting this fat depot exhibits precise metabolic specificity. We found subcutaneous adipocytes (SC-Ad) and BM-Ad share morphological features, but possess distinct lipid metabolism. BM-Ad show enrichment in cholesterol-oriented metabolism that correlates with increased free cholesterol content, while proteins involved in lipolysis were downregulated. A strong down-regulation in expression of monoacylglycerol (MG) lipase was observed leading to an accumulation of major MG species and accordingly the basal and induced lipolytic responses were absent in BM-Ad. These features are not recapitulated in vitro using differentiated bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Since our data demonstrate that BM-Ad comprise a distinct class of adipocytes, we propose renaming them yellow adipocytes.
Tatmuster bei sexuellem Missbrauch von Kindern und Jugendlichen und ihr Zusammenhang mit Täter- und Opfermerkmalen (2008)

Article Tatmuster bei sexuellem Missbrauch von Kindern und Jugendlichen und ihr Zusammenhang mit Täter- und Opfermerkmalen was published on June 1, 2008 in the journal Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreform (volume 91, issue 3).
Selenium speciation in wild-type and genetically modified Se accumulating plants with HPLC separation and ICP-MS/ES-MS detection (2002)

Some plants have the ability not only to grow in the presence of potential environmental contaminants, such as Se, but also to accumulate them (Se accumulators). As such, some of these plant species are excellent candidates for Se phytoremediation. One of the accumulation mechanisms for selenium tolerant plants is the formation of organoselenium compounds that cannot be incorporated into proteins, thereby avoiding toxicity. Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) accumulated selenium when grown hydroponically in the presence of selenite, selenate, and Se-methionine. Additionally, genetically modified Brassica juncea overexpressing the enzyme Se-cysteine methyltransferase (SMT) was grown under the same set of conditions as the wild type. Se speciation for the three different Se regimens was performed by ion-pairing reversed phase liquid chromatography using ICP-MS as the detector (RP-HPLC-ICP-MS). The overexpression of SMT leads to the formation of Se-methylselenocysteine, a non-protein amino acid that corresponds with increased Se tolerance in the transgenic plants. The total amount of Se accumulated and the species formed were determined by matching the observed retention times with available standards using HPLC-ICP-MS. Full characterization of Se species is done by ES-QTOF. The capability of ICP-MS to prescreen particular Se species as potential targets for ES-MS is demonstrated. ES-MS followed by CID gives strong evidence for the species proposed: Se-methylselenocysteine, Se-homocysteine and Se-cystathionine.
Tandem use of PCR and synthetic peptides to map helper T-cell epitopes on 27-kDa sexual stage antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. (1997)

Monoclonal antibodies recognizing two overlapping linear epitopes (amino acid residues 10 to 25) on the 27-kDa sexual stage antigen of Plasmodium falciparum (Pfg 27) effectively reduce the infectivity of the parasites to mosquitoes. Although malaria transmission-blocking immunity is largely antibody-mediated, T cells play critical roles in the regulation of antibody-secreting B cells. In order to facilitate the development of a malaria transmission-blocking subunit vaccine, studies were undertaken to map epitopes on Pfg 27 recognized by T-helper lymphocytes. Pfg27-specific T-cell hybridoma clones were produced from rPfg27-immunized BALB/c (H-2d) and C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice, and used in studies to map antigenic determinants using PCR-generated Pfg27 gene fragments expressed in E. coli and synthetic peptides based on the Pfg27 sequence. We identified and mapped five distinct T-cell epitopes that are recognized by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted T-cell hybridoma clones. A single peptide (21 residues) was shown to contain two tandem or partially overlapping epitopes recognized by T-cell hybridomas in the context of I-Ad and I-Ab, respectively. Synthetic peptides representing epitopes recognized by T-cell hybridoma clones elicited strong IgG responses in immunized mice, suggesting that T-cells of the helper phenotype were stimulated in vivo by these peptides. These studies represent the first detailed T-cell epitope analysis of a malaria sexual-stage antigen.
Neural algorithms in digital halftoning (1993)

In electronic halftoning nonlinear transformation from greylevel to bilevel data sets can be implemented by various procedures. Neural networks offer new possibilities for local and global processing in this area. Among global methods the theory of the Hopfield net is well understood. It has already found its application in many optimization problems and has also been used for halftoning. A certain analogy can be drawn to the iterative Fourier transform algorithm. Our examinations analyze the relationship between the theory of the Hopfield net and the iterative Fourier transform algorithm and show how they can benefit from each other. This analysis allows a better understanding of the methods for digital halftoning.
An Algorithm for Preventive Maintenance Policy (1986)

Simple preventive maintenance (Maintenance type 1P) and preventive replacement (maintenance type 2P) are scheduled in such a way that the system does not drop below a minimum reliability. Failure rate after maintenance type 1P lies between "good as new" and "bad as old". The degree of improvement in failure rate after maintenance type 1P is cailed the improvement factor. A set of curves for the improvement factor as a function of cost for maintenance type 1P and age of the system is proposed. The cost rate for a system is formulated as a ratio of an average cost for a cycle (time between replacements) to an average cycle length. An optimum number of type 1P maintenance actions before type 2P maintenance is obtained by minimizing the cost rate when the failure times are Weibull distributed. The optimum solutions are a function of improvement factors and predetermined upper limit of failure rate.
[Fluorophotometric measurement of tear volume and tear turnover rate in human eyes]. (1993)

Tear volume and turnover rate were measured in 31 normal eyes using a newly designed objective fluorophotometer. After instillation of 1 microliter of 50,000 ng/ml fluorescein solution, its concentration in the lower marginal strip was measured every minute for 10 minutes after instillation. The tear volume and the tear turnover rate were determined using the method of Mishima et al. (Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., 1966). The tear volume in this study was 12.4 +/- 6.2 microliters, initial turnover rate was 31.5 +/- 14.4%/min., and basal turnover rate was 24.0 +/- 14.2%/min. (Mean +/- SD). There were no significant differences in sex, age or use of contact lens. We also measured the tear volume and turnover rate using 5 microliters of 10,000 ng/ml fluorescein solution in the same way. The result turned out to be significantly higher, suggesting that minimal irritation is required for evaluating the tear flow.
Precipitation Polymerization of Acrylic Acid in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrecipitation Polymerization of Acrylic Acid in Supercritical Carbon DioxideT. J. Romack, E. E. Maury, and J. M. DeSimoneCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4, 912–915Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00108a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00108a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1406Altmetric-Citations110LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stereoselective Synthesis of O-(2-Azido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-L-serine and -L-threonine Derivatives by Using the Catalytic Amount of Active Acidic Species (1993)

Abstract In the presence of a catalytic amount of SnCl3(ClO4) or SiCl3(ClO4), O-(2-azido-2-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranosyl)-L-serine and -L-threonine are stereoselectively synthesized in excellent yields from 1-O-acetyl-2-azido-2-deoxy-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranose and trimethylsilylated L-serine or L-threonine, respectively.
Monolithic integration of a GaAs MESFET with a resonant cavity LED using a buried oxide layer (1997)

A new method to monolithically integrate a GaAs MESFET and a resonant cavity InGaAs QW LED is demonstrated. Current confinement in these two dissimilar devices is accomplished using a buried insulating layer formed by the thermal oxidation of AlAs. Fabrication and device performance under dc bias as well as modulation results are briefly described.
Optical Amplifiers in the Access Networks (1994)

The application of optical amplifiers to access networks is expected to have the greatest impact on optical video distribution systems. Among optical amplifiers, EDFAs are being commercially used in video trunk line systems because of their advanced maturity. This paper surveys the applications of optical amplifiers. For optical video systems that utilize optical amplifiers, we review their technical problems and countermeasures.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF (NP(P‐OC6H4LI)2)3 BY METAL‐HALOGEN EXCHANGE, AND ITS REACTIONS WITH ELECTROPHILES (1979)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (IIa) wird durch die Reaktion des p‐ Brom‐Analogen (I) mit n‐Butyl‐Li gebildet.
Interdigitated craniotomy: a simple technique to fix a bone flap with only a single plate (2015)

In pterional craniotomy, fixation plates cause artifacts on postoperative radiological images; furthermore, they often disfigure the scalp in hairless areas. The authors describe a simple technique to fix a cranial bone flap with only a single plate underneath the temporalis muscle in an area with hair, rather than using a plate in a hairless area. The key to this technique is to cut the anterior site of the bone flap at alternate angles on the cut surface. Interdigitation between the bone flap and skull enables single-plate fixation in the area with hair, which reduces artifacts on postoperative radiological images and provides excellent postoperative cosmetic results.
Comparing Children with Sickle Cell Disease and Their Healthy Siblings on Measures of Coping, Self-Efficacy, Social Support, and Behavioral Problems, (1999)

s: Abstracts of Papers Presented at the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: SEPTEMBER 26-27,1999: Seattle, Washington: PDF Only
Mass and Heat Transfer Coefficients in Automotive Exhaust Catalytic Converter Channels (2019)

Mass and heat transfer coefficients (MTC and HTC) in automotive exhaust catalytic monolith channels are estimated and correlated for a wide range of gas velocities and prevailing conditions of small up to real size converters. The coefficient estimation is based on a two dimensional computational fluid dynamic (2-D CFD) model developed in Comsol Multiphysics, taking into account catalytic rates of a real catalytic converter. The effect of channel size and reaction rates on mass and heat transfer coefficients and the applicability of the proposed correlations at different conditions are discussed. The correlations proposed predict very satisfactorily the mass and heat transfer coefficients calculated from the 2-D CFD model along the channel length. The use of a one dimensional (1-D) simplified model that couples a plug flow reactor (PFR) with mass transport and heat transport effects using the mass and heat transfer correlations of this study is proved to be appropriate for the simulation of the monolith channel operation.
Nickel-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective Silylation of Terminal Alkenes with Silacyclobutanes:  Facile Access to Vinylsilanes from Alkenes (2007)

Treatment of terminal alkenes with silacyclobutanes under nickel catalysis resulted in silylation of the alkenes and yielded the corresponding vinylsilanes in a highly regio- and stereoselective fashion. The reaction provides a facile access to vinylsilanes starting from trivial terminal alkenes as well as styrenes, 1,3-dienes, and acrylate esters.