gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bayesian inference for source determination in the atmospheric environment (2009)

In the event of a hazardous release (chemical, biological, or radiological) in an urban environment, monitoring agencies must have the tools to locate and characterize the source of the emission in order to respond and minimize damage. Given a finite and noisy set of concentration measurements, determining the source location, strength and time of release is an ill-posed inverse problem. We treat this problem using Bayesian inference, a framework under which uncertainties in modelled and measured concentrations can be propagated, in a consistent, rigorous manner, toward a final probabilistic estimate for the source.\n\nThe Bayesian methodology operates independently of the chosen dispersion model, meaning it can be applied equally well to problems in urban environments, at regional scales, or at global scales. Both Lagrangian stochastic (particle-tracking) and Eulerian (fixed-grid, finite-volume) dispersion models have been used successfully. Calculations are accomplished efficiently by using adjoint (backward) dispersion models, which reduces the computational effort required from calculating one [forward] plume per possible source configuration to calculating one [backward] plume per detector. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is used to efficiently sample from the posterior distribution for the source parameters; both the Metropolis-Hastings and hybrid Hamiltonian algorithms are used.\n\nIn this thesis, four applications falling under the rubric of source determination are addressed: dispersion in highly disturbed flow fields characteristic of built-up (urban) environments; dispersion of a nonconservative scalar over flat terrain in a statistically stationary and horizontally homogeneous (turbulent) wind field; optimal placement of an auxiliary detector using a decision-theoretic approach; and source apportionment of particulate matter (PM) using a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. For the first application, the data sets used to validate the proposed methodology include a water-channel simulation of the near-field dispersion of contaminant plumes in a large array of building-like obstacles (Mock Urban Setting Trial) and a full-scale field experiment (Joint Urban 2003) in Oklahoma City. For the second and third applications, the background wind and terrain conditions are based on those encountered during the Project Prairie Grass field experiment; mean concentration and turbulent scalar flux data are synthesized using a Lagrangian stochastic model where necessary. In the fourth and final application, Bayesian source apportionment results are compared to the US Environmental Protection Agency's standard CMB model using a test case involving PM data from Fresno, California. For each of the applications addressed in this thesis, combining Bayesian inference with appropriate computational techniques results in a computationally efficient methodology for performing source determination.
Reversible Light‐Driven Polymerization of Polyoxometalate Tethered with Coumarin Molecules (2014)

A new photosensitive polyoxometalate (POM) organic-inorganic hybrid compound has been prepared by covalently tethering coumarin moieties onto a Mn-Anderson cluster. This compound has been fully characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and ESI-MS. This organic-inorganic hybrid compound can undergo reversible light-driven polymerization and this process has been characterized in detail.
Prosthetic Hip Infection and Bacteremia Due to Campylobacter jejuni in a Patient with AIDS (1993)

Campylobacter jejuni is a common enteric pathogen in healthy individuals and in patients with AIDS. It usually causes a self-limited diarrheal illness with fever and abdominal pain. We report what we believe is a unique case of C. jejuni osteomyelitis in a 60-year-old man who had hemophilia A, AIDS, and a hip prosthesis. He presented to the hospital with a 4-day history of fever and diarrhea and a 1-day history of hip pain. Findings on plain films and a bone scan were suggestive of osteomyelitis in the proximal femur. Cultures of blood and a hip aspirate yielded C. jejuni.
Caloric Sweetener Consumption and Dyslipidemia Among US Adults (2010)

In this study, there was a statistically significant correlation between dietary added sugars and blood lipid levels among US adults.
Biotipos antimicrobianos e tipos de colicina: potenciais marcadores epidemiologicos de Salmonella agona (1984)

With the purpose of characterizing epidemiologic markers, 240 strains of S. agona isolated from differents sources (man, food and environment) and obtained from five Brazilian States (Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Sul) were analysed. The susceptibility to 15 antimicrobial agents and numeric codification of the resistance profiles allowed us to recognize 56 antibiotic resistance biotypes, while 40 strains were able to produce colicine, belonging to the types: Ia (55%); B (32.5%); Ib (10%) and untypable (2.5%). The application of these elements into intra-serotype differentiation is discussed.
NEPRI: available bandwidth measurement in IP networks (2000)

To provide a consistent quality of service in IP networks, it is necessary to know the current performance and available bandwidth of the network adequately. There are some ways to obtain the current available bandwidth such as management information base (MIB) analysis and RMON monitoring. The measurement methods using probing packets are studied, but they require a large number of packets to be transmitted in order to improve the measurement accuracy. They create heavy network traffic, so it is difficult to use such methods for actual networks in use. To solve the problem, we propose a new method called NEPRI. This method detects the macroscopic behaviour of the probing packets queued at the bottleneck and estimates the available bandwidth of the path. We show our method consumes less network resources and is sufficiently accurate.
Disambiguating Nouns, Verbs, and Adjectives Using Automatically Acquired Selectional Preferences (2003)

Selectional preferences have been used by word sense disambiguation (WSD) systems as one source of disambiguating information. We evaluate WSD using selectional preferences acquired for English adjective—noun, subject, and direct object grammatical relationships with respect to a standard test corpus. The selectional preferences are specific to verb or adjective classes, rather than individual word forms, so they can be used to disambiguate the co-occurring adjectives and verbs, rather than just the nominal argument heads. We also investigate use of the one-senseper-discourse heuristic to propagate a sense tag for a word to other occurrences of the same word within the current document in order to increase coverage. Although the preferences perform well in comparison with other unsupervised WSD systems on the same corpus, the results show that for many applications, further knowledge sources would be required to achieve an adequate level of accuracy and coverage. In addition to quantifying performance, we analyze the results to investigate the situations in which the selectional preferences achieve the best precision and in which the one-sense-per-discourse heuristic increases performance.
Automated Construction and Maintenance of Wi-Fi Radio Maps for Crowdsourcing-Based Indoor Positioning Systems (2017)

If the construction and maintenance of Wi-Fi radio maps (WRMs) were fully automated, the implementation of a global-scale Wi-Fi indoor positioning system would be possible. This paper proposes a WRMs calibration system that automates the initial construction and maintenance of radio maps using crowdsourced fingerprints collected from numerous smartphones without location information. The system incorporates an unsupervised learning algorithm into an incremental and adaptive calibration process. The unsupervised learning algorithm constructs an initial radio map, using fingerprints collected from unknown locations, by finding a hidden structure among them. Once a positioning service is available based on the initial radio map, the radio map continues to adapt to signal changes in the environment through the incremental and adaptive calibration process using the fingerprints that are continuously collected from the service users. Experiments carried out in an office building have shown that the proposed system could successfully construct and maintain a precise radio map without requiring any location information. In a long-term experiment that lasted for five months, the proposed system was able to not just maintain but also improve the quality of the radio map. These results indicate that Wi-Fi indoor positioning systems can be automatically constructed and maintained in continuously changing Wi-Fi environments without manual calibration efforts.
Calpain activity in the retinas of normal and RCS rats (1995)

Calpains are calcium-activated proteinases which have been implicated in tissue differentiation and degeneration. The aims of the present study were: (1) to determine the relationship between postnatal age and calpain activity in the rat retina; (2) to test if calpain activity was aberrant in the RCS retina at different postnatal ages. Calpain activity was measured by a standard in vitro assay in fractions of retinas of rats, ranging in postnatal age of 2 to 42 days. Most retinal calpain activity was in the cytosolic fraction. Specific calpain activity declined with age. In the Long Evans rat, it was 8-fold higher on postnatal day 2 than on postnatal day 42. Comparison between RCS rats and their congenic controls showed that calpain activity was lower in the retinas of neonatal RCS rats. Specific calpain activity in RCS rat retinas was 46% lower on postnatal day 2 and 22% lower on postnatal day 3. It is concluded that during postnatal development of the retina, marked changes occurred in calpain activity. In addition, calpain activity is abnormal in the retina of the neonatal RCS rat--well before the onset of any morphological deterioration and preceding any other previously detected abnormality. Aberrant calpain activity appears to be a manifestation of very early events in processes that lead to retinal degeneration in the RCS rat.
Protein Single Crystal Growth Under Microgravity (1984)

The preparation of suitably large protein single crystals is essentially the rate-determining step of protein x-ray structure determinations. Attempts to produce single crystals with two model compounds-beta-galactosidase and lysozyme-under conditions of microgravity were successful. Crystals formed by salting out from solutions kept free of convection were 27 and 1000 times larger in volume, respectively, than those produced in the same apparatus but exposed to terrestrial gravitation.
Calix[4]arene Having a Convergent Carboxylic Acid Function: Synthesis and Ion Binding Properties of a New Cs+-selective Ionophore (1999)

Abstract Calix[4]arene bearing a convergent carboxylic acid function employing the Kemp’s triacid motif exhibited a pronounced selective ionophoric behavior toward Cs+ over other alkali metal ions. The selectivities of calix[4]arene-acid for Cs+ over Rb+, K+, and Na+ ions assessed by competitive transport experiments were 7.9, 26, and 121, respectively.
The Financial Crisis and Foreign Workers in Korea (1998)

Since the financial crisis started, the employment situation in Korea has been worsening. In a span of six months, about one million people lost their jobs. By offering the amnesty program to undocumented foreign workers right after the IMF measures took effect, the Korean government revealed its view of foreign workers as a buffer against economic ups and downs. About one-third of the illegal workers left Korea under this program. However, many Korean firms are still having difficulties in hiring local workers for the jobs which were previously held by foreign workers. This indicates that the government should reconsider its position concerning the importation of foreign labor.
Strongyloses ratti and S. stercoralis: effects of cambendazole, thiabendazole and mebendazole in vitro (1986)

The effects of in vitro incubation of three henzimidazole anthelmintics, thiabendazole, mebendazole and cambendazole on Strongyloides were compared. No drug affected hatching of S. ratti eggs or the viability of infective larvae or parasitic adult worms, but all three inhibited moulting of S. ratti larvae. In addition, cambendazole, but not thiabendazole or mebendazole, impaired the viability of S. ratti first- and second-stage larvae. The three drugs had no effect on isolated S. stercorais free-living adult worms, but they all prevented development of S. stercoralis rhabditiform larvae. Thiabendazole and mebendazole had no effect on the infectivity of either S. ratti or S. stercoralis infective larvae, but infection with these worms was abrogated by prior incubation with cambendazole. These results indicate that cambendazole acts in a different manner to the other two drugs. Since it is active against larvae migrating through the tissues, it is potentially of much greater value than thiabendazole or mebendazole in the therapy of strongyloidiasis.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a metallothionein-like protein from apricot fruit (Accession nø U97494). Gene expression during fruit ripening (1997)

url=http://www.tarweed.com/pgr/PGR97-160.html
A NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A LINE HEATING PROCESS FOR PLATE FORMING (1995)

This paper presents a three-dimensional simulation of the line heating process with practical data and suggests a computerized process of line heating for practical applications. Based on the understanding of the mechanics of line heating, modelling of the heating torch, water cooling, and plate to be formed is proposed for finite element analysis. The validity of the modelling is checked by comparing the results of temperature fields with published theoretical results. The effect of torch speed and cooling methods are discussed. Finally a saddle-type shell is generated by the proposed model.
A Model for Evaluating Manufacturing System TimePerformances (1992)

In a manufacturing system, time performances are measures of system response speed to external influences. This speed depends on the resource allocation process (materials, equipment, labour) which is driven by finished‐product forecasts. Describes two essential steps, in order to develop a model for evaluating time performances which is able to detect crucial resources. The first step is represented by analysing forecast characteristics; the second step is expressed by a definition of the environment of manufacturing resources. The model, depicted in its structure and in its relationships with the most common business tools, has been tested in a number of manufacturing firms and the results are also shown.
A comparison of adenosine-induced cardioprotection and ischemic preconditioning in dogs. Efficacy, time course, and role of KATP channels. (1994)

These results clearly reveal that (1) a 10-minute intracoronary infusion of adenosine exhibits the same efficacy as ischemic preconditioning in reducing myocardial necrosis in dogs; (2) similar to preconditioning, adenosine mediates its cardioprotection via a cardiac KATP channel-linked mechanism; and (3) adenosine-induced cardioprotection is transient (disappearing within 60 minutes), whereas ischemic preconditioning persists for at least 60 minutes. These data support the hypothesis that endogenous adenosine released during ischemia is an important mediator of ischemic preconditioning; however, important differences exist between the time course of effects of exogenously administered adenosine and preconditioning, which suggests that other factors may also be involved.
The Influence of Confucian Ideology on Conflict in Chinese Family Business (2004)

The dual-concern conflict model argues that choice of conflict strategies are based on two concerns: concern for interests or goals of self and other. This article argues that the dual-concern model may only partially account for choice of conflict management strategies in Chinese family businesses, particularly in families that are strongly influenced by Confucianism. The article uses Confucian values and norms, which are an ancient set of guidelines for social interaction, as the basis for introducing additional concerns to explain choice of conflict strategies in Chinese family businesses: concern for relationships, interpersonal norms, and collective interests. Two sets of moderating variables are introduced based on the unique features of Confucian ideology. They include differences in age, status, and gender between conflicting parties, and types of conflict – normative or personal goal related, and task or relationship. Propositions summarize the major arguments.
A dialogue between a tutor and his pupil. (2008)

Lord Herbert of Cherbury (1583-1648) was a many-sided figure - statesman, diplomat, courtier, poet and philosopher. He is best known for his book De Veritate, published in Paris in 1624. In this work he argues that religion is common to all men and rests on five innate axioms.
Mesenchymal stem cells: Immunobiology and therapeutic potential in kidney disease (Review Article) (2007)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are non-haematopoietic cells that are prevalent in the adult bone marrow but can also be isolated from a variety of other postnatal tissues. MSC are non-immunogenic and are immunosuppressive, with the ability to inhibit maturation of dendritic cells and suppress the function of naïve and memory T cells, B cells and NK cells. In addition to their immunomodulatory properties, MSC are capable of differentiating into various tissues of mesenchymal and non-mesenchymal origin and migrating to sites of tissue injury and inflammation to participate in tissue repair. A number of studies in animal models of cardiac injury, stroke and ischaemic renal injury have demonstrated the clinical potential of MSC in tissue regeneration and repair. MSC are currently being evaluated in various preclinical and clinical studies in humans and offer significant potential as a novel cellular therapy for tissue regeneration and immunological conditions. The present review focuses on the unique immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of MSC and their potential role in the treatment of kidney disease.
Nanostructured Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Materials: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Behaviors as Anode Reactants in Rechargeable Lithium Ion Batteries (2010)

Three distinct Co3O4 nanostructures of nanoparticles, nanocubes, and hierarchical pompon-like microspheres were prepared through facile solution routes. These materials were characterized by XRD, SEM and FE-SEM, and nitrogen adsorption, and their formation mechanisms were briefly discussed. Their electrochemical behaviors as electrode reactants for lithium ion batteries were evaluated by cyclic voltammograms, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and static charge−discharge cycles. Among the three, pompon-like microspheres exhibit the best electrochemistry, revealed by the perfect combination of high discharge capacities and excellent cycling retention. A direct comparison of electrochemical behaviors between these three nanostructures reflects interesting “nanostructure effect”, which is reasonably discussed in terms of how particle sizes, nanostructures, and crystallinity of Co3O4 materials function in tuning their electrochemistry. Observations from this research are expected to extend to other transition metal oxides being extensively investigated, and provide valuable guidance for producing practically reliable electrodes based on a series of convertible metal oxides in the future.
Precious Metals, Gold, and Emerging Markets (2015)

Rapidly increasing emerging-market per capita income and rising living standards are primary drivers of increasing demand for precious metals, and this trend is likely to continue. Over the period 1993–2013, the average of the per capita income of the key emerging-market countries (including Brazil, Russia, India, and China (BRIC)) increased about fourfold, from $1,600 in 1993 to $8,500 in 2013. In 1993, the average of the total demand for gold, silver, platinum, and palladium from emerging markets was about 27%. In 2013, about 57% of the total global demand for precious metals came from emerging markets. Due to the increasing dominance of demand from emerging markets in the global precious metals market, partial precious metals portfolio exposure not only can provide overall portfolio diversification, but also can be integral to augmenting emerging-market exposure. <b>TOPICS:</b>Emerging, commodities, portfolio construction
Controversies in Tocolytic Therapy (1999)

In general, tocolytic agents are effective in stopping uterine contractions and in temporarily delaying delivery. The benefit of stopping uterine contractions is dependent on the fetal status and gestational age. The rationale for stopping preterm labor is to improve neonatal outcome. At this time, the best way to improve neonatal outcome would be to assure delivery in a center capable of caring for a preterm infant and prescription of glucocorticoids to decrease the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and other neonatal complications. Intravenous tocolysis for premature labor has found a prominent place in the obstetrician's armamentarium. We recommend the use of magnesium sulfate as first-line therapy. When comparing maternal and fetal risks, side effects, and the safety profile, magnesium sulfate is superior to beta-mimetics; however, there are still significant problems with potential morbidity and mortality for both mother and fetus with any tocolytics. Adjunctive use of indomethacin with magnesium sulfate may be used through 32 weeks for up to 48 hours at a time. Most tocolytics are effective in stopping labor for 48-72 hours. None have been shown to decrease the rate of preterm delivery. Once the uterus is quiescent and intravenous tocolytics are stopped, prolonged use of tocolytics has not been shown to be effective in preventing preterm birth. Tocolytics have significant long-term side effects to the mother's cardiovascular system, carbohydrate metabolism, and the fetal cardiovascular system. Thus, the prolonged use of prophylactic tocolytics after cessation of intravenous medications is not recommended. Tocolytics may be an appropriate therapy during preterm labor vaginal bleeding, ruptured membranes, multiple gestation, or advanced cervical dilatation. In all situations, however, careful guidelines must be observed. These guidelines include: (1) maternal and fetal well-being must be established before tocolytic therapy; (2) causes of preterm labor should be evaluated and treated when possible; (3) the risk/benefit ratio for both the mother and fetus must be re-evaluated on an ongoing basis; (4) when tocolytics are given before pulmonary maturity, then antenatal corticosteroids also should be considered in every case; (5) long-term use of tocolytics is difficult to justify at this time; (6) the safest tocolytic should be used for the shortest amount of time possible. It is doubtful, because of the nature of tocolytics, that newer tocolytics will be developed that will eliminate the problems of preterm delivery. Preterm delivery is an end-stage symptom of a multifactorial disease. Preterm labor is one of the last symptoms in a cascade of biochemical events that lead to preterm delivery. The most appropriate way to end preterm delivery would be to prevent the causes that initiate the cascade that ends in preterm labor. Authors' Note: Literally hundreds of papers have been written in the last 30 years on tocoloysis. For the purposes of space, when studies are summarized in peer-reviewed articles, we have referenced the reviews instead of the individual studies.