gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What would brain-computer interface users want? Opinions and priorities of potential users with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2011)

Universal design principles advocate inclusion of end users in every design stage, including research and development. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have long been described as potential tools to enable people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to operate technology without moving. Therefore the objective of the current study is to determine the opinions and priorities of people with ALS regarding BCI design. This information will guide BCIs in development to meet end-user needs. A telephone survey was undertaken of 61 people with ALS from the University of Michigan's Motor Neuron Disease Clinic. With regard to BCI design, participants prioritized accuracy of command identification of at least 90% (satisfying 84% of respondents), speed of operation comparable to at least 15-19 letters per minute (satisfying 72%), and accidental exits from a standby mode not more than once every 2-4 h (satisfying 84%). While 84% of respondents would accept using an electrode cap, 72% were willing to undergo outpatient surgery and 41% to undergo surgery with a short hospital stay in order to obtain a BCI. In conclusion, people with ALS expressed a strong interest in obtaining BCIs, but current BCIs do not yet provide desired BCI performance.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED LV DETECTION AND AUTOMATIC EF CALCULATION FOR GATED BLOOD POOL STUDIES (1992)

Oian, J.; DeVito, R. P.; Groch, M. W.; Erwin, W. D.; Treffert, J. D. Author Information
Inhibitory effects of prostaglandin E1 on responses of rabbit ear artery to nerve stimulation and on release of norepinephrine. (1976)

President Roosevelt just found out that George Horace Lorimer was the author of Letters from a Self-Made Merchant to His Son . Roosevelt enjoyed the book and gave it to Ted Roosevelt.
INFLUENCE OF SINUSOIDAL 50-HZ MAGNETIC FIELD ON CULTURED HUMAN OVARIAN GRANULOSA CELLS (2000)

Several studies have indicated that magnetic fields are able to influence reproduction in mammals, but very few data are available on the effect of magnetic fields on ovarian function. In this study granulosa cells isolated from follicular aspirates of 25 in vitro fertilization treated women were cultured and exposed to a sinusoidal 50-Hz AC magnetic field during the entire time of a 48-h incubation with a flux density of B(AC) = 100 μT. Progesterone (P) production by granulosa cells was determined by radioimmunoassay. Granulosa cells in culture released high amounts of P. The magnetic field induced a significant increase in P production by granulosa cells obtained from eight individuals, when comparisons were made between exposed cells and sham-exposed cells of the same patient. In 17 subjects no alteration in P production was found. The positive treatment-related hormonal response in granulosa cells obtained from 32% of patients studied indicates that extremely low-frequency magnetic fields may interfere with P biosynthesis by human granulosa cells. Considering the pivotal role of P in gonadal and uterine function, these data may help to draw attention to the role of this physical environmental factor in modulating human female reproductive function.
Sensitive Fibre-Based Thermoluminescence Detectors for High Resolution In-Vivo Dosimetry (2015)

With interest in the potential of optical fibres as the basis of next-generation thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs), the development of suitable forms of material and their fabrication has become a fast-growing endeavour. Present study focuses on three types of Ge-doped optical fibres with different structural arrangements and/or shapes, namely conventional cylindrical fibre, capillary fibre, and flat fibre, all fabricated using the same optical fibre preform. For doses from 0.5 to 8 Gy, obtained at electron and photon energies, standard thermoluminescence (TL) characteristics of the optical fibres have been the subject of detailed investigation. The results show that in collapsing the capillary fibre into a flat shape, the TL yield is increased by a factor of 5.5, the yield being also some 3.2 times greater than that of the conventional cylindrical fibre fabricated from the same perform. This suggests a means of production of suitably sensitive TLD for in-vivo dosimeter applications. Addressing the associated defects generating luminescence from each of the optical fibres, the study encompasses analysis of the TL glow curves, with computerized glow curve deconvolution (CGCD) and 2(nd) order kinetics.
The Role of Acetaldehyde in the Pathogenesis of Acute Alcoholic Pancreatitis (1991)

Acetaldehyde (AA), the first product of ethanol metabolism, has been suggested as an important mediator in alcoholic pancreatitis, but experimental evidence has not been convincing. Prior work using the isolated perfused canine pancreas preparation has suggested that toxic oxygen metabolites generated by xanthine oxidase (XO) may mediate the early injury in pancreatitis. Xanthine oxidase is capable of oxidizing AA, and during this oxidation free radicals are released. The hypothesis that acute alcoholic pancreatitis may be initiated by AA in the presence of active XO (converted from xanthine dehydrogenase [XD]) was tested in the authors' experimental preparation by converting XD to XO by a period of ischemia, and infusing AA. Control preparations remained normal throughout the 4-hour perfusion (weight gain, 7 +/- 4 g; amylase activity, 1162 +/- 202 U/dL). One hour of ischemia or infusion of AA at 25 mg/hr or at 50 mg/hr without ischemia did not induce changes in the preparation. Acetaldehyde at 250 mg/hr induced minimal edema and weight gain (16 +/- 4 g; p less than 0.05), but not significant hyperamylasemia. Changes also were not observed when 1-hour ischemia was followed by a bolus of ethanol (1.5 g) or sodium acetate (3.0 g), or by infusion of 25 mg/hr of AA. One hour of ischemia followed by infusion of AA at 50 mg/hr or at 250 mg/hr induced edema, hemorrhage, weight gain (22 +/- 7 g [p less than 0.05] and 26 +/- 17 g [p less than 0.05]) and hyperamylasemia (2249 +/- 1034 U/dL [p less than 0.05] and 2602 +/- 1412 U/dL [p less than 0.05]). Moreover infusion of AA at 250 mg/hr after 2 hours of ischemia potentiated the weight gain (62 +/- 20 g versus 30 +/- 14 g [p less than 0.05]), but not the hyperamylasemia (3404 +/- 589 U/dL versus 2862 +/- 1525 U/dL) as compared with 2 hours of ischemia alone. Pancreatitis induced by 1 hour of ischemia followed by AA at 50 mg/hr could be inhibited by pretreatment with the free radical scavengers superoxide dismutase and catalase and ameliorated with the XO inhibitor allopurinol. The authors conclude that AA, in the presence of active XO, can initiate acute pancreatitis in the isolated canine pancreas preparation and may be important in the initiation of acute alcoholic pancreatitis in man. Toxic oxygen metabolites appear to play an important intermediary role.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF (METHYLTHIO)‐ AND (METHYLSELENO)TRI(ALKYL OR ARYL)PHOSPHONIUM SALTS AND THEIR REACTIONS WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ALCOHOLS (1984)

Abstract Die Titelphos‐ phonium‐Salze (II) werden durch Methylierung der entsprechenden Phosphinsul‐ ?de und ‐selenide (I) wie aufgezeichnet synthetisiert und 1 H‐, "C‐ sowie 31 P‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert.
Differential gain in bulk and quantum well diode lasers (1991)

Differential gain (g/sup '/) of bulk and single-quantum-well (SQW) lasers was determined from threshold current density and differential quantum efficiency measurements. The threshold measurement technique was used to show that g/sup '/ is a function of cavity length (L) in SQW lasers and independent of L in bulk lasers. It was found that g/sup '/ of long SQW lasers (1000 mu m) is about 7*10/sup -16/ cm/sup 2/, approximately two times that of bulk lasers. At short cavity lengths (250 mu m), g/sup '/ is about the same for both laser types.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy Efficient Downlink Transmission in Wireless LANs by Using Low-Power Wake-Up Radio (2017)

In the downlink of a wireless LAN, power-save mode is a typical method to reduce power consumption. However, it usually causes large delay. Recently, remote wake-up control via a low-power wake-up radio (WuR) has been introduced to activate a node to instantly receive packets from an access point (AP). But link quality is not taken into account and protocol overhead of wake-up per node is relatively large. To solve these problems, in this paper, a broadcast-based wake-up control framework is proposed, and a low-power WuR is used to receive traffic indication map from an AP, monitor link quality, and perform carrier sense. Among the nodes which have packets buffered at the AP, only those whose SNR is above a threshold will be activated, contending via a proper contention window to receive packets from the AP. Optimal SNR threshold, deduced by theoretical analysis, helps to reduce transmission collisions and false wake-ups (caused by wake-up latency) and improve transmission rate. Extensive simulations confirm that the proposed method (i) effectively reduces power consumption of nodes compared with other methods, (ii) has less delay than power-save mode in times of light traffic, and (iii) achieves higher throughput than other methods in the saturation state.
Class D current-driven transformer center-tapped controllable synchronous rectifier (1996)

We present analysis and experimental results for a phase-controlled, synchronous, transformer center-tapped rectifier. The rectifier is driven by a resonant inverter. A digital control adjusts the phase in the driver of the rectifier MOSFET's. The output voltage is regulated while maintaining a 94% maximum and a 80% minimum efficiency for a 30% line swing, and 50% efficiency for a load swing of 400% from full power. Experimental results are presented for a 10 W rectifier with an output voltage of 3.3 V. Theoretical calculations agreed well with the experimental results, with certain deviations due to the nonidealities of the transformer. The center-tapped topology allows for high efficiency even at 3.3 V and simplifies the control design, providing simple regulation.
The Impact of Annuity Insurance on Savings and Inequality (1984)

This paper examines the amount of precautionary savings arising from life span uncertainty by comparing saving behavior under perfect insurance arrangements with that arising under imperfect arrangments, namely when longevity risk can be pooled only with members of one's own family. We consider both intergenerationally altruistic preferences and selfish (zero bequest motive) life cycle preferences, determining stochastic steady state wealth levels and wealth distributions in both nde1s.
Quantitative analysis of HBV cccDNA from clinical specimens: correlation with clinical and virological response during antiviral therapy (2006)

Attempts to investigate changes in various forms of intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA during antiviral therapy have been hampered by limitations in technologies and scarcity of adequate tissue for analysis. We used a sensitive, specific assay to detect and quantitate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) from total intrahepatic HBV DNA in clinical liver specimens. Total HBV DNA and cccDNA from 21 needle-biopsy specimens were quantified, with levels ranging from 0.1 to 9.8 copies/cell and 0.3 to 491.0 copies/cell, respectively. Then, we performed the same determinations on baseline and week-52 liver needle-biopsy specimens from eight patients enrolled in a clinical trial and evaluated the association between intrahepatic HBV DNA levels and serological and virological endpoints. In most patients, levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA, including cccDNA, decreased over the 52-week study, regardless of therapy or serological outcome. Higher ratios of cccDNA to total HBV DNA were detected at week 52 than at baseline indicating a shift in predominance of nonreplicating virus in posttreatment specimens. In patients who achieved treatment-related or spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) responses, including those harbouring tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate-mutant HBV, levels of intrahepatic and serum HBV DNA suppression were greater than those in patients without HBeAg responses. In conclusion, this pilot study of intrahepatic HBV replicative forms in patients with chronic hepatitis B indicated that total intrahepatic and, specifically, cccDNA levels are not static but change as a reflection of serological and virological events.
Chemical states of the N-terminal “lid” of MDM2 regulate p53 binding: Simulations reveal complexities of modulation (2011)

Phosphorylation of S17 in the N-terminal "lid" of MDM2 (residues 1-24) is proposed to regulate the binding of p53. The lid is composed of an intrinsically disordered peptide motif that is not resolved in the crystal structure of the MDM2 N-terminal domain. Molecular dynamics simulations of MDM2 provide novel insight into how the lid undergoes complex dynamics depending on its phosphorylation state that have not been revealed by NMR analyses. The difference in charges between the phosphate and the phosphomimetic 'Asp' and the change in shape from tetrahedral to planar are manifested in differences in strengths and durations of interactions that appear to modulate access of the binding site to ligands and peptides differentially. These findings unveil the complexities that underlie protein-protein interactions and reconcile some differences between the biochemical and NMR data suggesting that lid mutation or deletion can change the specific activity of MDM2 and provide concepts for future approaches to evaluate the effects of S17 modification on p53 binding.
Delay Time of Phase Transition in Low-Temperature Phase of Relaxors (2002)

The theoretical approach to describe the delay time of a phase transition in low-temperature phase of relaxors is developed. Localized charges create local electric fields which stimulate occurrence of microclusters with local polarization. In high electric fields conduction electrons activate these local levels via shock ionization. The dependences of the delay times of the phase transition on temperature and the value of the external electric field is obtained. Keywords: RelaxorsThe Low-temperature PhaseDelay Time
The Influence of Presumed Media Influence in Politics: Do Politicians' Perceptions of Media Power Matter? (2008)

Much of what politicians do, we maintain in this paper, is driven by their belief in power of media, which motivates their desire to be featured in news coverage. Our argument rests upon recent advances in communication theory, stressing the influence on presumed media in- fluence (Gunther, Albert C., and J. Douglas Storey. 2003. The Influence of Presumed Influence. Journal of Communication 35(2):199-215) and contributes to our understanding of mediatization of politics. Com- bined data from a survey of Israeli members of Knesset (MKs; n = 56), parliamentary reporters' (n = 20) rankings of MKs' media motivations, Knesset records of MKs' political activity, and data on frequency of MKs' news appearances were used to test this argument. Structural equation modeling revealed that politicians' belief in power of media increases their motivation and effort to appear in media coverage, which in turn is related both to greater media prominence and to more parlia- mentary activity. These results are discussed in light of their implications for both our understanding of political actors and role of journalists.
Accurate Quantification of Diffusion and Binding Kinetics of Non‐integral Membrane Proteins by FRAP (2011)

Non-integral membrane proteins frequently act as transduction hubs in vital signaling pathways initiated at the plasma membrane (PM). Their biological activity depends on dynamic interactions with the PM, which are governed by their lateral and cytoplasmic diffusion and membrane binding/unbinding kinetics. Accurate quantification of the multiple kinetic parameters characterizing their membrane interaction dynamics has been challenging. Despite a fair number of approximate fitting functions for analyzing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) data, no approach was able to cope with the full diffusion-exchange problem. Here, we present an exact solution and matlab fitting programs for FRAP with a stationary Gaussian laser beam, allowing simultaneous determination of the membrane (un)binding rates and the diffusion coefficients. To reduce the number of fitting parameters, the cytoplasmic diffusion coefficient is determined separately. Notably, our equations include the dependence of the exchange kinetics on the distribution of the measured protein between the PM and the cytoplasm, enabling the derivation of both k(on) and k(off) without prior assumptions. After validating the fitting function by computer simulations, we confirm the applicability of our approach to live-cell data by monitoring the dynamics of GFP-N-Ras mutants under conditions with different contributions of lateral diffusion and exchange to the FRAP kinetics.
Study of a continuously variable transmission belt made of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin (2015)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
Substitution reactions at silicon under strongly acidic conditions: Ligand metathesis between methyltrichlorosilane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (1994)

Abstract A study of the reactions between methyltrichlorosilane (MeSiCl 3 ) and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D 4 ) in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HOTf) showed that nucleophilic substitution in CHCl 3 solution at the trifunctional silicon was surprisingly slow in comparison with the rate of equilibration/polymerization of D 4 . The reaction rate at MeSiCl 3 was significantly faster with water present and faster still in THF. In these reactions, there was no evidence for SiOH groups ( 29 Si NMR), even in the presence of excess water. The overriding criterion for relative reactivity toward nucleophilic substitution under strongly acidic conditions is the relative leaving group ability of the groups on silicon. Once MeSiCl 3 begins to participate in the redistribution reactions, mono‐ 3 and tri‐ 5 , but not di‐substituted 4 systems are formed (MeSiCl 3−x (D n SiMe 2 Z (Z = OTf, Cl)) x , x = 1, 3), likely through an intramolecular reaction. The mechanisms of nucleophilic substitution at silicon under these conditions are discussed.
Zygadenus Alkaloids. V. Active Principles of Zygadenus venenosus. Zygacine<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZygadenus Alkaloids. V. Active Principles of Zygadenus venenosus. Zygacine1S. Morris Kupchan, David Lavie, and Richard D. ZonisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 3, 689–691Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01608a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01608a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Direction controllable inverse transition radiation from the spatial dispersion in a graphene-dielectric stack (2019)

Transition radiation (TR) induced by electron–matter interaction usually demands vast accelerating voltages, and the radiation angle cannot be controlled. Here we present a mechanism of direction controllable inverse transition radiation (DCITR) in a graphene-dielectric stack excited by low-velocity electrons. The revealed mechanism shows that the induced hyperbolic-like spatial dispersion and the superposition of the individual bulk graphene plasmons (GPs) modes make the fields, which are supposed to be confined on the surface, radiate in the stack along a special radiation angle normal to the Poynting vector. By adjusting the chemical potential of the graphene sheets, the radiation angle can be controlled. And owing to the excitation of bulk GPs, only hundreds of volts for the accelerating voltage are required and the field intensity is dramatically enhanced compared with that of the normal TR. Furthermore, the presented mechanism can also be applied to the hyperbolic stack based on semiconductors in the infrared region as well as noble metals in the visible and ultraviolet region. Accordingly, the presented mechanism of DCITR is of great significance in particle detection, radiation emission, and so on.
Informal discussion on nucleic acids and nucleoproteins: structure and function (1957)

INFORMAL DISCUSSION ON INFORMAL DISCUSSION ON NUCLEIC ACIDS AND NUCLEOPROTEINS: An informal discussion on this subject was held under the auspices of the Colloid and Biophysics Committee of the Faraday Society, on 12th and 13th October, 1956, in Manson House, London (Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and H