gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ampicillin-resistant, beta-lactamase-negative haemophilus influenzae type b. (1982)

Haemophilus influenzae type b isolates resistant to ampicillin have been reported with increasing frequency since 1973. 1 The mechanism of resistance is usually via production of a plasmid-mediated β-lactamase. 2 We report the second clinical isolate of an ampicillin-resistant strain of H influenzae type b with no detectable β-lactamase activity. CASE REPORT A 20-year-old white woman was admitted to The Children9s Hospital of Philadelphia with a three-day history of fever to 39 C, cough, tachypnea, and diarrhea. Past medical history was significant for the following: (1) recurrent upper and lower respiratory tract infections first noted at 5 years of age, (2) a selective deficiency of IgG and IgA documented at 8 years of age necessitating monthly immune serum globulin injections, (3) chronic, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis with resultant obstructive and restrictive lung disease, (4) severe cachexia, (5) a chronic, maculopapular facial rash, and (6) recurrent, bilateral serous otitis media and sinusitis.
Endothelium‐dependent frequency modulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling in individual vascular smooth muscle cells of the rat (1997)

1. We visualized intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes, using fluo-3 as an indicator, of individual vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells within intact rat tail arteries by confocal microscopy. 2. Using a piezo-driven objective, we focused on endothelial and smooth muscle cell layers alternately to obtain Ca2+ images of their cells. In the presence of 1 microM acetylcholine (ACh), individual endothelial cells responded with intermittent increases in the [Ca2+]i (Ca2+ oscillations). At the same time, the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells induced by electrical stimulation of the perivascular sympathetic nerve was greatly decreased. 3. A [Ca2+]i rise during the oscillations in the endothelial cells propagated in the form of a wave along the long axis of the cells. 4. In the presence of a NO synthase inhibitor, no significant inhibitory effect of ACh on the Ca2+ signalling in the vascular smooth muscle cells was detected, although the Ca2+ oscillations in the endothelial cells persisted. 5. The inhibitory effect of ACh on the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in the vascular smooth muscle cells was mimicked by 1 microM sodium nitroprusside, a NO donor. 6. These results indicate that Ca2+ waves and oscillations in vascular endothelial cells regulate NO production, which modulates vascular tone by decreasing the frequency of Ca2+ oscillations in smooth muscle cells activated by sympathetic agonists.
Towards a programmable and virtualized mobile radio access network architecture (2018)

Emerging 5G mobile networks are envisioned to become multi-service environments, enabling the dynamic deployment of services with a diverse set of performance requirements, accommodating the needs of mobile network operators, verticals and over-the-top service providers. The Radio Access Network (RAN) part of mobile networks is expected to play a very significant role towards this evolution. Unfortunately, such a vision cannot be efficiently supported by the conventional RAN architecture, which adopts a fixed and rigid design. For the network to evolve, flexibility in the creation, management and control of the RAN components is of paramount importance. The key elements that can allow us to attain this flexibility are the programmability and the virtualization of the network functions. While in the case of the mobile core, these issues have been extensively studied due to the advent of technologies like Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and the similarities that the core shares with other wired networks like data centers, research in the domain of the RAN is still in its infancy. The contributions made in this thesis significantly advance the state of the art in the domain of RAN programmability and virtualization in three dimensions. First, we design and implement a software-defined RAN (SD-RAN) platform called FlexRAN, that provides a flexible control plane designed with support for real-time RAN control applications, flexibility to realize various degrees of coordination among RAN infrastructure entities, and programmability to adapt control over time and easier evolution to the future following SDN/NFV principles. Second, we leverage the capabilities of the FlexRAN platform to design and implement Orion, which is a novel RAN slicing system that enables the dynamic on-the-fly virtualization of base stations, the flexible customization of slices to meet their respective service needs and which can be used in an end-to-end network slicing setting. Third, we focus on the use case of multi-tenancy in a neutral-host indoors small-cell environment, where we design Iris, a system that builds on the capabilities of FlexRAN and Orion and introduces a dynamic pricing mechanism for the efficient and flexible allocation of shared spectrum to the tenants. A number of additional use cases that highlight the benefits of the developed systems are also presented. The lessons learned through this research are summarized and a discussion is made on interesting topics for future work in this domain. The prototype systems presented in this thesis have been made publicly available and are being used by various research groups worldwide in the context of 5G research.
Hierarchical motion estimation for side information creation in Wyner-Ziv video coding (2008)

Recently, several video coding solutions based on the distributed source coding paradigm have appeared in the literature. Among them, Wyner-Ziv video coding schemes enable to achieve a flexible distribution of the computational complexity between the encoder and decoder, promising to fulfill requirements of emerging applications such as visual sensor networks and wireless surveillance. To achieve a performance comparable to the predictive video coding solutions, it is necessary to increase the quality of the side information, this means the estimation of the original frame created at the decoder. In this paper, a hierarchical motion estimation (HME) technique using different scales and increasingly smaller block sizes is proposed to generate a more reliable estimation of the motion field. The HME technique is integrated in a well known motion compensated frame interpolation framework responsible for the creation of the side information in a Wyner-Ziv video decoder. The proposed technique enables to achieve improvements in the rate-distortion (RD) performance up to 7 dB when compared to H.263+ Intra and 3 dB when compared to H.264/AVC Intra.
Trends and geographical variation in invasive pneumococcal infections in Finland (2008)

We evaluated regional variation and trends in invasive pneumococcal infections (IPI) in Finland by using data from national, population-based laboratory surveillance and number of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures performed by all microbiology laboratories during 1995-2002. The overall annualized IPI incidence was 10.6/100,000 (range by region, 7.9 15.1): 9.9 for bacteraemias (range 7.3-14.2) and 0.6 for meningitis (range 0.4-1.1). The rate in children aged <5 y was 23.5/100,000. Regional pneumococcal bacteraemia rates were correlated with blood culture sampling rates (p =0.015), but meningitis rates did not correlate with CSF culture rates. During 1995-2002, the overall annual IPI rate increased by 35.1%, from 8.2 to 11.5/100,000 (p<0.001). The annual blood culturing rate increased by 29.6% (p=0.015 for the correlation with IPI rate). Temporal increase and higher regional IPI rates were significantly associated with higher blood culturing rates. Pneumococcal serotypes included in the 7- and 10-valent conjugate vaccines caused 69.8% and 85.2% of IPIs among children aged <5 y and 49.5% and 59.3% in adults, respectively. The true incidence of pneumococcal bacteraemia in Finland may be higher than previously estimated. Introduction of universal childhood pneumococcal conjugate immunization would provide substantial health benefits to Finnish children and adults.
Full‐brain <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> mapping through inversion recovery fast spin echo imaging with time‐efficient slice ordering (2005)

Brain T1 mapping has important clinical applications in detecting brain disorders. Conventional T1 mapping techniques are usually based on inversion recovery spin echo (IRSE) imaging or its more time-efficient counterpart inversion recovery fast spin echo (IRFSE) imaging because they can deliver good image quality. Multiple inversion times are required to accurately estimate T1 over a wide range of values. Without acquisition optimization, both the IRSE and the IRFSE T1 mapping techniques require long scan times to image the whole brain. To reduce the scan time and maintain the quality of the T1 maps, we propose a new full-brain T1 mapping pulse sequence based on a multislice inversion recovery fast spin echo imaging using a time-efficient slice ordering technique.
Biscalix[4]arene Ligands for <i>Dinuclear</i> Lanthanide Ion Complexation (1997)

Abstract Three types of lower‐lower rim linked biscalix[4]arenes that contain carboxylic ester ( 1 ) and/or amide functions ( 2 and 3 ) at their remaining phenolic oxygen atoms were synthesized. The homo‐ and heterodinuclear lanthanide ion complexes based on these ligands were used to study the energy transfer between different lanthanide ions. Photophysical studies comparing the luminescence properties of the homodinuclear Eu 3+ complex and the heterodinuclear Eu 3+ ‐Nd 3+ complex of 2 indicated that energy transfer is likely to occur from Eu 3+ to Nd 3+ with an efficiency of > 50%. The luminescence properties turned out to be strongly solvent dependent, which is attributed to structural changes leading to different positions of the lanthanide ions in the cavities provided by the biscalix[4]arene.
Rev‐dependency of expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 <i>gag</i> and <i>env</i> genes (1995)

Structural gene expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires a viral regulatory protein, Rev transactivator. We investigated Rev-dependency of HIV-1 gene expression by various reporter systems. Expression of unspliced and single-spliced viral mRNAs was demonstrated to be differentially dependent on the Rev function. This difference of Rev-dependency was found not to be determined by cis-elements in gag, pol, and env coding sequences reported so far, and was lost when the reporter constructs containing minimum elements for Rev-responsiveness such as splice signals and rev responsive element were used for experiments. These findings indicated that the fundamental structure of HIV-1 mRNA was critical for the differential regulation of gene expression by Rev transactivator.
Evidence for Multiple Levels of Regulation of<i>Oenococcus oeni clpP-clpL</i>Locus Expression in Response to Stress (2004)

ABSTRACT A locus containing the clpP and clpL genes in the lactic acid bacterium Oenococcus oeni was studied. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed different induction factors involved in expression of these genes during stress. According to the conditions, c lpP and clpL genes could be transcripted as two distinct transcripts or cotranscripted. The clpP promoter depended on the CtsR regulator, but surprisingly the clpL promoter did not. The amount of the clpL transcript depended on mRNA stability. This clp ATPase gene is at least controlled at the posttranscriptional level.
Helium atom scattering from the Si(111) surface at high temperatures (1997)

Helium atom scattering has been used to investigate the structure of the Si(111) surface in the temperature range from 900 to 1600 K. Even below the well-known (7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7) to ``(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)'' transition the adatoms become mobile, and, when the transition is reached near 1140 K, the specular- and integral-order diffraction peaks have sudden intensity changes, some up and others down, while the seventh-order peaks disappear. Above the transition the adatoms remain, moving rapidly on, and supported by, the ordered but relaxed, outer bilayer of the surface. A second transition, first reported by Ishizaka and co-workers occurs near 1470 K. The loss of all diffraction peaks and the attenuation of the specular peak indicate a completely disordered surface as the temperature approaches the melting point.
High-yield synthesis and crystal structure of 1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadecane ([16]aneN4) (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-yield synthesis and crystal structure of 1,5,9,13-tetraazacyclohexadecane ([16]aneN4)William L. Smith, James D. Ekstrand, and Kenneth N. RaymondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 11, 3539–3544Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00479a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00479a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of DNA synthesis in rat hepatoma and human lymphoma cell lines, by partially purified factors from mouse embryos (1996)

Cancer cells express particular genes, part of which are normally active during the embryonic development. On the other hand, young embryos are able to differentiate and regulate the division rate of teratocarcinoma or leukemia cells, likely by producing differentiation factors. A partial purification of these factors, extracted from mouse embryo cell nuclei, was achieved by high performance liquid chromatography on anion exchange column. High ionic strength eluting fractions, constituted with DNA and tightly bound proteins, have a high inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis, in rat hepatoma and human lymphoma cell lines. The possibility of treatment of cancer cells in this way is discussed.
Subtraction peri-ictal SPECT is predictive of extratemporal epilepsy surgery outcome (2000)

SISCOM images may be useful in guiding the location and extent of resection in extratemporal epilepsy surgery.
The covariance function of the virtual waiting-time process in an <i>M</i>/<i>G</i>/1 queue (1977)

Let R ( t ) be the covariance function of the stationary virtual waiting-time process of a stable M / G /1 queue. It is proven that if R ( t ) exists, i.e., if the service-times have a finite third moment, then R ( t ) is positive and convex on [0, ∞), with an absolutely continuous derivative R ’ and a bounded, non-negative second derivative R ″. Also, and R ″ cannot be chosen monotone. Contrary to a finding by Beneš [1] it is proven that if and only if the service-times have a finite fourth moment.
An Investigation Into the Removal of Enzymes from Paper Following Conservation Treatment (1992)

AbstractThe efficiency of rinsing two different α-amylases out of paper after conservation treatment was measured, using radioactively labeled enzymes. The radioactive enzymes were used to treat small samples of Whatman and Japanese papers. The papers were subjected to various rinsing procedures, and the radioactivity remaining in the paper samples was detennined. Buffers were used to maintain the pH of the enzyme solutions, and their effect in the removability of the enzymes was analyzed. Two water rinses were shown to be sufficient in removing more than 99% of both enzymes tested under optimal conditions. It was also found that increasing the concentration of the enzyme solution resulted in an increase in retention of enzymes in the paper.
Application of a Microfluidic Reactor for Screening Cancer Prodrug Activation Using Silica-Immobilized Nitrobenzene Nitroreductase (2006)

The nitroreductase-catalyzed conversion of a strong electron-withdrawing nitro group to the corresponding electron-donating hydroxylamine is useful in a variety of biotechnological applications. Activation of prodrugs for cancer treatments or antibiotic therapy are the most common applications. Here, we show that a bacterial nitrobenzene nitroreductase (NbzA) from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes JS45 activates the dinitrobenzamide cancer prodrug CB1954 and the proantibiotic nitrofurazone. NbzA was purified by affinity chromatography and screened for substrate specificity with respect to prodrug activation. To facilitate screening of alternate potential prodrugs, polyethyleneimine-mediated silica formation was used to immobilize NbzA with high immobilization yields and high loading capacities. Greater than 80% of the NbzA was immobilized, and enzyme activity was significantly more stable than NbzA in solution. The resulting silica-encapsulated NbzA was packed into a microfluidic microreactor that proved suitable for continuous operation using nitrobenzene, CB1954, and the proantibiotic nitrofurazone. The flow-through system provides a rapid and reproducible screening method for determining the NbzA-catalyzed activation of prodrugs and proantibiotics.
The Sodium/Ammonia Reduction of 5-Ethoxycarbonyl-4-methylimidazole: A Key Intermediate in the Synthesis of Cimetidine (1984)

Reduction du compose du titre en methyl-4 imidazolemethanol-5; application de cette reaction au benzimidazolecarboxylate-2 d'ethyle
Energy use in controlled temperature marine aquaculture (2002)

Temperature control offers benefits in land-based marine aquaculture: stock growth rates may be enhanced by heating in winter; mortality rates in summer may be reduced by cooling. However, if the plant is not well designed, temperature control may create very large energy demands. This paper describes the application of temperature control in abalone aquaculture in New Zealand, with a focus on energy considerations in plant design. An abalone farm using a semi-closed water conditioning system is used as a case study for which an energy model, based on a heat pump system, is developed. The model is used to determine the impact of plant design and tank conditions on the economics of the operation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<title>Statistical And Deterministic Aspects Of Multisensor Optical Image Pattern Recognition</title> (1979)

A classification of multi-sensor imagery from the sensor's point of view is advanced. From this treatment, the statistical and deterministic contributions to a multi-sensor image correlation process are more clearly seen. The optimum preprocessing operation for several cases of multi-sensor image pattern recognition are noted and the use of weighted matched spatial filter synthesis as a one step optical pattern recognition correlator is described. Theoretical formulation and experimental verification of the result that edge enhancement preprocessing is not always optimum in a multi-sensor optical image pattern recognition system are presented.
Initiation and propagation of lipid peroxidation in cerebral infarction models: Experimental studies (1986)

The possibility that cerebral ischaemia or cerebral hypoxia may initiate a series of free radical reactions in brain lipid constituents was explored by measuring sequential changes in chemiluminescence (CL) and electron spin resonance (ESR) during hypoxia or ischaemia load. Brain hypoxia was induced by means of arterial hypoxaemia (PaO2 17-22 mmHg), normocapnia (PaCO2 28-38 mmHg) and normotension (MABP 100-140 mmHg). To obtain lowered PaO2, 4% O2-96% N2 mixed gas was used for artificial ventilation. Spin trapping technique was used in ESR measurement and applied to the detection of free radicals generated in the ischaemic brain homogenate of three-vessel occlusion rat model (global highly ischaemic model with basilar artery coagulation and bilateral carotid artery clipping). Chemiluminescence (CL) began to rise in hypoxic or ischaemic loading and indicates high amounts at an early period of post-hypoxic or ischaemic state. The CL spectroanalysis by wavelength showed five peaks at 480 nm, 520-530 nm, 570 nm, 620-640 nm and 680-700 nm in both hypoxic and ischaemic brain. ESR measurement revealed the PBN (phenyl-t-butyl nitrone) trapped radical, which has hyperfine splitting constants of AN = 16.2-16.5 G and AH beta = 3.6-3.8 G in ischaemia model. An analysis of sequential change of PBN adduct intensity shows a peak at 30 min of ischaemic loading and a marked increase in the recirculation period. Preservation of ATP and marked lactic acidosis were seen in the 5 min hypoxic loading, elsewhere depletion of ATP and marked lactic acidosis were seen in the 5 min, 30 min ischaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the use of ICA for hyperspectral image analysis (2009)

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a very popular method that has shown success in blind source separation, feature extraction and unsupervised recognition. In recent years ICA has been largely studied by researchers from the signal processing community. This paper addresses a more in-depth study on the use of this method, applied to hyper-spectral images used for remote sensing purposes. In a first part, source separation is addressed. Since the independence of sources is usually not verified in hyperspectral real data images, ICA, if used alone, is not a suitable tool to unmix sources. We propose a hierarchical approximation for the use of ICA as a pre-processing step for a Bayesian Positive Source Separation method. In a second part, the use of ICA for dimensionality reduction is studied in the frame of hyperspectral data classification. Experimental results show the effectiveness of ICA when used for hyperspectral image pre-processing for the two considered applications.
Estimation of the Change in Quality of Domestic Steel Production Affected by Steel Scrap Exports (2007)

The total crude steel production in Asian countries was 500 million t in 2004, which accounted for 47% of the total crude steel production in the world. There has been a large demand for steel scrap in Asian countries; Japan exported 2.5 million t of steel scrap to China, 1.91 million t to Korea and 0.9 million t to Taiwan in 2003. According to our previous studies, steel scrap generation in Japan will increase until 2030. A future change in steel scrap demand from Asian countries will greatly influence the amount and quality of Japan's steel scrap domestic consumption and exports. In this work, the change of quality was estimated for domestic steel production (electric arc furnace steel for buildings and construction) by the influence of steel scrap exports. A method based on the population balance model and material pinch analysis was applied to assess both the quality of domestic steel production and steel scrap consumption. Previous data concerning the quality (copper concentration) of steel scrap and the recovery ratio of steel scrap from post consumer products were updated. It was found that the quality requirements of steel scrap to other countries could have a large influence on the quality of domestic steel.