gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compliance, electronic monitoring and antihypertensive drugs. (1998)

Hypertension, even of mild-to-moderate severity, is undoubtedly a risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It has been well demonstrated, in numerous studies that have been subjected to meta-analysis, that the introduction of antihypertensive treatment leads to reductions in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. These results can be obtained with even a moderate reduction in blood pressure, of the order of 4-5 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. However, many studies have shown that the percentage of treated hypertensive individuals who have a reduction in blood pressure to normal values of systolic blood pressure/ diastolic blood pressure (< 140/90 mmHg) is of the order of 30%. The reduction in blood pressure data are well correlated with the level of compliance. This compliance can be defined as the adherence by the patient to the directions given by the doctor for medication dosage, and this can be considered as 'good' when it is of the order of 80%. Until recently the examination of compliance relied on questioning the patient, pill counts or ultimately blood sampling for drug levels, which could be used only in research. The use of an electronic pill box with a microprocessor in the cover that records the date and hour each time the box is opened is a precise method of recording compliance. The purpose of such a method is to study overall compliance, which deteriorates as time passes and falls by approximately 50% after 1 year. However, this compliance can be modified and improved if instruction and follow-up are given to the patient. Prescription compliance can be improved by once daily dosing and by instructing for this to be taken in the morning. In contrast compliance is considerably reduced when more than two doses are to be taken each day. Using the pill counting box allows us to describe and focus on different types of patients, ranging from rigidly adherent to completely chaotic. It seems that factors such as age and activity can influence these patterns of compliance.
Production of Primary Amines by Reductive Amination of Biomass‐Derived Aldehydes/Ketones (2017)

Abstract Transformation of biomass into valuable nitrogen‐containing compounds is highly desired, yet limited success has been achieved. Here we report an efficient catalyst system, partially reduced Ru/ZrO 2 , which could catalyze the reductive amination of a variety of biomass‐derived aldehydes/ketones in aqueous ammonia. With this approach, a spectrum of renewable primary amines was produced in good to excellent yields. Moreover, we have demonstrated a two‐step approach for production of ethanolamine, a large‐market nitrogen‐containing chemical, from lignocellulose in an overall yield of 10 %. Extensive characterizations showed that Ru/ZrO 2 ‐containing multivalence Ru association species worked as a bifunctional catalyst, with RuO 2 as acidic promoter to facilitate the activation of carbonyl groups and Ru as active sites for the subsequent imine hydrogenation.
Chromate-free Pre-treatment of Aluminium for Adhesive Bonding (2003)

The pathogenesis, etiology, diagnostic features, and treatment of the crossover second toe deformity are discussed in this manuscript. The crossover second toe deformity is an undescribed entity in podiatric literature. Two cases are presented by the authors to illustrate the deformity and surgical correction.
The Addition of Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP (2001)

This document specifies the incorporation of ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) to TCP and IP, including ECN&apos;s use of two bits in the IP header. We begin by describing TCP&apos;s use of packet drops as an indication of congestion. Next we explain that with the addition of active queue management (e.g., RED) to the Internet infrastructure, where routers detect congestion before the queue overflows, routers are no longer limited to packet drops as an indication of congestion. Routers can instead set the Congestion Experienced (CE) codepoint in the IP header of packets from ECN-capable transports. We describe when the CE codepoint is to be set in routers, and describe Ramakrishnan, Floyd, Black Proposed Standard [Page 1] draft-ietf-tsvwg-ecn-04 Addition of ECN to IP June 2001 modifications needed to TCP to make it ECN-capable. Modifications to other transport protocols (e.g., unreliable unicast or multicast, reliable multicast, other reliable unicast transport protocols) could be considered as those protocols are developed and advance through the standards process. We also describe in this document the issues involving the use of ECN within IP tunnels, and within IPsec tunnels in particular. One of the guiding principles for this document is that, to the extent possible, the mechanisms specified here be incrementally deployable. One challenge to the principle of incremental deployment has been the prior existence of some IP tunnels that were not compatible with the use of ECN. As ECN becomes deployed, noncompatible IP tunnels will have to be upgraded to conform to this document. This document is intended to obsolete RFC 2481, &quot;A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification (ECN) to IP&quot;, which defined ECN as an Experimental Protocol for the Internet Communit...
Interception of Peanut Stripe Virus in Groundnut Germ plasm Imported from China (1996)

Groundnut germplasm imported into India is subjected to the necessary)' quarantine processing negative seeds were grown separately in a screen
for seedborne pathogens, in general and seedbome viral and bacterial pathogens, in particular. Peanut stripe virus (pStV), peanut mottle virus (pMV), peanut stunt virus (pSV), and the bacterial wilt pathogen Pseudomonas sofanacearum are seedborne in groundnut and are of quarantine importance to India....
Low voltage modulation method in six-step operation of three phase inverter (2015)

This paper proposes the asymmetric six-step operation which can adjust the level of the phase voltage in three phase voltage source inverter. In high power systems, the switching frequency of the power switch is limited to a few hundred hertz. So, the conventional symmetric six-step operation is commonly used because of the maximized modulation index and the minimized number of switching. However, the modulation index cannot be adjusted in the fixed dc link voltage system. By modifying the duration of the turn on time asymmetrically, the modulation index can be changed even in the minimum number of switching. The modulation index is expressed as the function of the turn on time. Also, the harmonic components of the modulated phase voltage are calculated from the Fourier analysis. The proposed modulation is implemented at the induction machine drive and it can reduce the rms currents in the low torque conditions.
Using tolerances to guarantee valid polyhedral modeling results (1990)

A polyhedral solid modeler that operates on boundary representations of objects must infer topological information from numerical data. Unavoidable errors (due to limited precision) affect these calculations so that their use may produce ambiguous or contradictory results. These effects cause existing polyhedral modelers to fail when presented with objects that nearly align or barely intersect[10][7].An object description associating a tolerance with each of its topological features (vertices, edges, and faces) is introduced. The use of tolerances leads to a definition of topological consistency that is readily applied to boundary representations. The implications of using tolerances to aid in making consistent topological determinations from imprecise geometric data are explored and applied to the calculations of a polyhedral solid modeler. The resulting modeler produces a consistent polyhedral boundary when given consistent boundaries as input.
Fundamental Studies on Superconducting Magnet for MHD Electrical Power Generator (1970)

The research works on superconducting magnet for MHD electrical power generator were begun in 1966 at Electrotechnical Laboratory. The works have been done by three groups, namely (1) development group of superconducting magnets, (2) cryogenic engineering group and (3) research group of superconducting material.(1) The magnet group has constructed and tested a saddle shaped magnet for about 1kW MHD generator. It has the following characteristics:Bore diameter: 29cm, Outer diameter: 76cm, Length: 76cm, Critical current: 455Amp. Maximum central flux density: 2.4T.Fully stabilized to 510Amp.(2) The cryogenic group has been developing expansion engines for large refrigerators. The design characteristics of the turbine are as follows:Expansion ratio: 4, Efficiency: 65%, Helium gas flow rate: 106.6g/sec. Number of revolution: 345, 000rpm, Bearing: lubricated by helium gas, (3) The material group has been researching the stabilized superconducting wires. The members are investigating how to cool the superconductor in a magnet, how to compose stabilized wires and preparation of new superconducting materials.
An advance standard curve method in fluorescence real-time PCR (2008)

0bjective To establish a standard curve method with more accuracy employed in fluorescence real-time PCR(RT-PCR)as a alternation of the general method.Methods β-actin and KLK11 plasmid DNA for quantitative standard curve were constructed in our study,and Plasmids of β-actin was employed as a internal control.After serial dilution these plasmid were used as DNA standard to obtained slope.Expression of these two genes in malignant prostate cancer cell line LNCAP were tested by real-time PCR,and we analyzed the RT-PCR results with two different methods and compared their accuracy.Results Thestandards curves made from these linear DNA standards showed good linearity (R2=0.991 and 0.992 for β-actin and KLK11 standards graphs),but also displayed a discrepancy in their PCR efficiency(β-actin 123% and KLK11 99%).There were different results after two different stand curve analytical method:the expression of KLK11 mRNA in LNCAP was downregulated in general standard curve method.In the new analytical method,howerer,KLK11 upregnlated for 4.46-fold.And there was a significant difference between aplification efficiency of targt gene and internal control gene(t=4.829,P<0.05).Conclusions Compared with general standard curve method,the new advanced standard curve method described here avoids an error which considers there is identical amplification efficiency between target gene and internal reference gene.It is considered to be a more correct analytical method in fluorescence real-time PCR.

Key words: 
Polymerase chain reaction;  Nucleic acid amplification techniques; Fluorophotometry;  Fluorescent dyes;  RNA,messenger
Immunofluorescent evaluation of renal biopsy: current point of view. (2010)

Immunomorphologic assessment of percutaneous renal biopsy became a standard procedure for establishing diagnosis in kidney disease in parallel with routine haematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin sections. Among various immunomorphologic techniques, direct immunofluorescence of cryosections with a panel of fluorochrome labelled polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to various serum proteins turned out to be the most reliable and rapid diagnostic procedure. The panel of antibodies may be expanded to include those to microbial or tumour antigens, when needed. The authors specify major advantages of immunofluorescence for such task and potential pitfalls in the case of nonspecific staining. In the next step, various types of fluorescence within renal structures are confronted with particular kidney disorders. Special attention is paid to various types of glomerulonephritis. Lesions in transplanted kidney are also discussed and the role of deposition of C4d complement component along peritubular capillaries is underlined as the evidence of humoral anti-graft reaction. The article is supplemented with a detailed technical procedure for performing of immunofluorescent reaction and evaluation of kidney biopsy, including several control steps.
Rundbogige Wanddekorationsmalerei des 16. Jahrhunderts (2014)

Denkmalpflege in Baden-Wurttemberg – Nachrichtenblatt der Landesdenkmalpflege, Bd. 10, Nr. 4 (1981), Beginn und Erscheinungsfrequenz: Ausgaben pro Band: 4
Viability of Listeria monocytogenesâin co-culture with Acanthamoebaâspp. (2009)

Listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen, ubiquitous in the environment, and can grow and survive under a wide range of environmental conditions. It contaminates foods via raw materials or food-processing environments. However, the current knowledge of its ecology and, in particular, the mode of environmental survival and transmission of this intracellular pathogen remains limited. Research has shown that several intracellular pathogens are able to survive or replicate within free-living amoebae. To examine the viability of L. monocytogenes in interaction with Acanthamoeba spp., bacteria were co-cultured with three freshly isolated amoebae, namely Acanthamoeba polyphaga, Acanthamoeba castellanii and Acanthamoeba lenticulata. The survival of bacteria and amoebae was determined using culture techniques and microscopy. Under the experimental conditions used, all amoebae were able to eliminate bacteria irrespective of the hly gene. Bacteria did not survive or replicate within amoeba cells. However, extra-amoebic bacteria grew saprophytically on materials released from amoebae, which may play an important role in the survival of bacteria under extreme environmental conditions.
Engineering Mathematics with Examples and Applications (2016)

Engineering Mathematics with Examples and Applications provides a compact and concise primer in the field, starting with the foundations, and then gradually developing to the advanced level of mathematics that is necessary for all engineering disciplines. Therefore, this book's aim is to help undergraduates rapidly develop the fundamental knowledge of engineering mathematics. The book can also be used by graduates to review and refresh their mathematical skills. Step-by-step worked examples will help the students gain more insights and build sufficient confidence in engineering mathematics and problem-solving. The main approach and style of this book is informal, theorem-free, and practical. By using an informal and theorem-free approach, all fundamental mathematics topics required for engineering are covered, and readers can gain such basic knowledge of all important topics without worrying about rigorous (often boring) proofs. Certain rigorous proof and derivatives are presented in an informal way by direct, straightforward mathematical operations and calculations, giving students the same level of fundamental knowledge without any tedious steps. In addition, this practical approach provides over 100 worked examples so that students can see how each step of mathematical problems can be derived without any gap or jump in steps. Thus, readers can build their understanding and mathematical confidence gradually and in a step-by-step manner. Covers fundamental engineering topics that are presented at the right level, without worry of rigorous proofs. Includes step-by-step worked examples (of which 100+ feature in the work). Provides an emphasis on numerical methods, such as root-finding algorithms, numerical integration, and numerical methods of differential equations. Balances theory and practice to aid in practical problem-solving in various contexts and applications.
Structure of a Prokaryotic Sodium Channel Pore Reveals Essential Gating Elements and an Outer Ion Binding Site Common to Eukaryotic Channels (2013)

Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs) are central elements of cellular excitation. Notwithstanding advances from recent bacterial NaV (BacNaV) structures, key questions about gating and ion selectivity remain. Here, we present a closed conformation of NaVAe1p, a pore-only BacNaV derived from NaVAe1, a BacNaV from the arsenite oxidizer Alkalilimnicola ehrlichei found in Mono Lake, California, that provides insight into both fundamental properties. The structure reveals a pore domain in which the pore-lining S6 helix connects to a helical cytoplasmic tail. Electrophysiological studies of full-length BacNaVs show that two elements defined by the NaVAe1p structure, an S6 activation gate position and the cytoplasmic tail "neck", are central to BacNaV gating. The structure also reveals the selectivity filter ion entry site, termed the "outer ion" site. Comparison with mammalian voltage-gated calcium channel (CaV) selectivity filters, together with functional studies, shows that this site forms a previously unknown determinant of CaV high-affinity calcium binding. Our findings underscore commonalities between BacNaVs and eukaryotic voltage-gated channels and provide a framework for understanding gating and ion permeation in this superfamily.
Local SGD Converges Fast and Communicates Little (2018)

Mini-batch stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is state of the art in large scale distributed training. The scheme can reach a linear speedup with respect to the number of workers, but this is rarely seen in practice as the scheme often suffers from large network delays and bandwidth limits. To overcome this communication bottleneck recent works propose to reduce the communication frequency. An algorithm of this type is local SGD that runs SGD independently in parallel on different workers and averages the sequences only once in a while. This scheme shows promising results in practice, but eluded thorough theoretical analysis. We prove concise convergence rates for local SGD on convex problems and show that it converges at the same rate as mini-batch SGD in terms of number of evaluated gradients, that is, the scheme achieves linear speedup in the number of workers and mini-batch size. The number of communication rounds can be reduced up to a factor of T^{1/2}---where T denotes the number of total steps---compared to mini-batch SGD. This also holds for asynchronous implementations. Local SGD can also be used for large scale training of deep learning models. The results shown here aim serving as a guideline to further explore the theoretical and practical aspects of local SGD in these applications.
Applying proteases to confer improved shrink resistance to wool (1996)

The activity of an alkaline bacterial protease in conferring shrink‐resistance to wool tops and woven cloth has been enhanced by pretreatment of the wool with sodium sulphite at pH 8.5–9.0. Among 16 proteases whose activities were compared, Esperase was found to be the most active, while causing the least damage when applied after sulphite treatment. None was found to confer adequate shrink‐resistance to tops under these conditions without causing excessive damage. For some examples of woven cloth, sodium sulphite applied alone caused a significant reduction in shrinkage, and subsequent application of Esperase then afforded good washability. Excellent washability was obtained if the cloth was first oxidised with peroxymonosulphuric or monoperoxyphthalic acid before treating with Esperase.
Progress in Compensating Pulse Sequences for Quantum Computation (2014)

This chapter examines a number of techniques for handling unwanted control errors, including amplitude errors, timing errors, and frequency errors in the control field. The chapter discusses the common principles used to develop compensating pulse sequences. It provides a framework in which to develop new sequences, which will be of use to both quantum computation and coherent atomic and molecular spectroscopy. The chapter focuses on a model one-qubit nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum computer, which serves as a relevant example of a system where coherent control is possible. Several models for errors in the controls of a one-qubit NMR quantum computer are considered. Several aspects of the theory of Lie groups are discussed with emphasis on conceptual clarity over mathematical rigor. The chapter studies pulse sequences that compensate single-qubit operations.
Breeding for Increased Sweetness in Sweet Corn (2007)

Sweetness, a creamy texture and aroma, along with desirable kernel color, good germination, and high yield, are the important traits for sweet corn. Various recessive mutants in corn expressed in the endosperm e.g. sugary1 (su1), sugary enhancer (se), shrunken2 (sh2), brittle1 (bt) etc., which improve quality traits such as sweetness, flavor and nutritive value have been used either singly or in combination for developing new commercial hybrids. In single mutant varieties, at harvest (20 days after pollination), the sugar (sucrose) concentration in su1 and sh2 sweet corn is 3 and 8 times higher than wild type, respectively. For se-type when in combination with su1 the sucrose level is as high as that in sh2. After harvest, the sugar in kernels of su1 and se types is rapidly converted to starch, but this conversion occurs more slowly in sh2 type. However, both su1 and se sweet corn have more phytoglycogen or creamy texture, than sh2 variety without difficulties in germination. The details of breeding methods using a combination of endosperm genes for sweetness improvement are disclosed in the U.S. Patents Nos. 3,971,161 and 4,630,393. To date, two new high sugar types of commercial sweet corn, synergistic and augmented sweet varieties have been developed and released by U.S. seed companies. Synergistic has a combination of su1, se, and sh2 kernels on each ear. It carries the seed quality and vigor of su1 varieties, the enhanced sweet corn flavor of se and harvest-ability and shelf life approaching supersweet (sh2) type. Augmented sweet varieties, sh2 type, carry se modifier genes for tenderness and sweetness and the sh2 gene for high sugars and long shelf life.
Rereading Eve: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and<i>the woman's Bible,</i>1885–1896 (1991)

(1991). Rereading Eve: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the woman's Bible, 1885–1896. Women's Studies: Vol. 19, No. 3-4, pp. 371-383.
Attending the news (2007)

This article proposes a theory about how people negotiate news as a daily regimen. The theory of purposive attending proposes a feedback loop in which awareness increases relevance, which can increase attending, which can then reset awareness. This article focuses on two aspects of the broader theory: the ambivalence surrounding everyday news-attending and the role cultural identities such as gender and race might play in heightening that ambivalence. The work, influenced by Carey's call to treat news-attending in a ritual context, demonstrates how news-as-ritual and news-as-information-acquisition exist in daily tension. The work was developed using classic grounded theory methodology, which outlines protocols for building theory from data, which included interviews, participant observation with a book discussion group, and qualitative document analysis of news discussions in selected internet communities, letters to the editor, news articles, and industry reports.
Loss of Cyclooxygenase-2 Retards Decidual Growth but Does Not Inhibit Embryo Implantation or Development to Term (2003)

Previous reports have described that female mice deficient in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) are largely infertile because of failure to ovulate, poor fertilization, and defective implantation and decidualization. In the present study, we reinvestigated reproduction in these mice and found they do show a reduction in the numbers of ovulated and fertilized eggs. However, we did not observe any substantial effect on embryo implantation frequencies or an inability of COX2-deficient females to support embryo development to weaning. Pseudopregnant COX2-null recipients do not show any alteration in the timing of implantation following blastocyst transfer, but they do show a delay in the initial rate of decidual growth after implantation that lags by approximately 24 h compared to that in heterozygous or wild-type recipients. These results support previous findings that COX2 has a role in mediating the initial uterine decidual response but is not essential to sustaining decidual growth and embryo development throughout the remainder of pregnancy.