gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UNE NOUVELLE POSSIBILITE D'EXAMEN DES OUVRAGES D'ART : LA RADIOSCOPIE (1978)

L'AUTEUR A ETUDIE LA FAISABILITE D'UNE CHAINE DE RADIOSCOPIE TELEVISEE UTILISANT LES MEMES SOURCES DE RAYONNEMENT QU'EN RADIOGRAPHIE A HAUTE ENERGIE ET PERMETTANT D'OBTENIR L'INFORMATION DE FACON QUASI INSTANTANEE ET D'ENVISAGER UN CONTROLE GLOBAL DE LA QUALITE D'INJECTION. IL DECRIT LA SOLUTION RETENUE POUR OBTENIR UN CONVERTISSEUR PHOTONS GAMMAS - PHOTONS LUMINEUX POUR LES HAUTES ENERGIES, DONNANT UNE IMAGE AUSSI NETTE ET AUSSI CONTRASTEE QUE POSSIBLE, QUI EST ENSUITE ANALYSEE PAR UNE CAMERA A BAS NIVEAU DE LUMIERE. ELLE EST AFFICHEE SUR UN ECRAN DE TELEVISION ET PEUT ETRE ENREGISTREE SUR MAGNETOSCOPE. LES PREMIERES PHOTOGRAPHIES REALISEES ONT MONTRE QUE LA CHAINE DE RADIOSCOPIE FINALEMENT RETENUES PERMETTAIT UN EXAMEN VALABLE DES INJECTIONS JUSQU'A UNE EPAISSEUR DE 45 CM DE BETON AVEC UNE SOURCE DE 250 CI DE COBALT 60 ET DE 1 M AVEC UN ACCELERATEUR LINEAIRE DELIVRANT 700 RAD/MN SOUS UNE ENERGIE DE 10 MEV. UN AVANT-PROJET SOMMAIRE D'UTILISATION SUR CHANTIER EST EXPOSE, SUIVI D'UNE COMPARAISON GRAPHIE-SCOPIE DU POINT DE VUE PERFORMANCES ET UTILISATION PRATIQUE (A).
Histological Characterization of Restenotic Carotid Plaques in Relation to Recurrence Interval and Clinical Presentation (2008)

Restenosis occurring >5 years after primary carotid endarterectomy resembles primary plaques. Symptomatic presentation of restenotic lesions is independently associated with an unstable plaque phenotype.
Experimental retroreflectors with very wide field of view (2005)

This paper reports the development of novel retroreflectors for use in free-space optical communication systems. It will be important for the retroreflectors to have a very wide field of view to make such systems practicable and affordable. Corner cube retroreflectors present a practical means of meeting the requirement for a wide field of view, but require use of materials with very high refractive index. Practical measurements on initial samples of high index corner cubes have shown encouraging optical performance. The measured results approximately confirm predictions of the variation of reflection efficiency with the angle of incidence. Retroreflectors based on graded-index, spherical (GRIN-sphere) lenses potentially offer an alternative with valuable technical advantages over the use of high-index corner cubes, if such lenses can be fabricated with a suitable combination of optical quality, size and relative aperture. The key property of GRIN-sphere lenses is that they can in principle suppress the most problematic feature of sphere lenses, that is, their strong spherical aberration. Predictions for practical graded-index sphere lens structures show valuable potential for improvement compared to uniform sphere lenses, including diffraction limited optical performance over significant fractions of the lens aperture.
Octakis(2,6-diethylphenyl)octastannacubane (1990)

Thermolysis of hexakis(2,6diethylphenyl)-cyclotristannane (2) in naphthalene provides red octakis-(2,Gdiethylphenyl)octastannacubane (l), which has been fully characterized, including crystallographic analysis. Compound 1 represents the first example of the organostannane cluster series (RSn)_n.
Photovoltaic Behaviour of Titanyl Phthalocyanine Thin Films and Titania Bilayer Films (2008)

Abstract Summary: Titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films were prepared using evaporation and surface polymerization by ion‐assisted deposition (SPIAD) in a vacuum deposition system. These films were characterized by means of ultraviolet and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as well as UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy. Valence band and elemental content indicated that phthalocyanine electronic and chemical structures were largely preserved during SPIAD. Further, bilayer thin films of titania (TiO 2 ) and SPIAD TiOPc were prepared. TiO 2 film was deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering of TiO 2 target. Study of the structured samples was focused on the optical and electrical properties of the composite films. The films were characterized by non‐contact photovoltage measurements and UV‐Vis spectroscopy. These results suggest there is a possibility to use these bilayer thin films in photovoltaic solar cells, however further experiments to improve conductivity of the films will be required.
METHODS OF SOLUTION OF THE ADJUSTMENT OF A BLOCK OF AERIAL TRIANGULATION (1963)

Abstract This paper sets out the problem of the least‐square adjustment of a block of aerial triangulation by simultaneous solution of the normal equations and goes on to discuss two possible methods of solving the normal equations by an iterative process. In conclusion the article examines the advantages of an approximate iterative solution based on the peculiar regularity of an aerial triangulation.
The Regenerative Activity of Interleukin-6 (2013)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a cytokine which is involved in many inflammatory processes and in the development of cancer. In addition, IL-6 has been shown to be important for the induction of hepatic acute-phase proteins, for the regeneration of the liver and for the stimulation of B-cells. IL-6 binds to a transmembrane IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), which is present on hepatocytes and some leukocytes. The complex of IL-6 and IL-6R associates with a second protein, gp130, which is expressed on all cells of the body. Since neither IL-6 nor IL-6R has a measurable affinity for gp130, cells, which do not express IL-6R, are not responsive to the cytokine IL-6. It could be shown, however, that a naturally occurring soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) in complex with IL-6 can bind to gp130 on cells with no IL-6R expression. Therefore, cells shedding the sIL-6R render cells, which only express gp130, responsive to the cytokine. This process has been called trans-signaling. In the present chapter, we summarize the known activities of IL-6 with a special emphasis on regenerative activities, which often depend on the sIL-6R. A designer cytokine called Hyper-IL-6, which is a fusion protein of IL-6 and the sIL-6R, can mimic IL-6 trans-signaling responses in vitro and in vivo with considerably higher efficacy than the combination of the natural proteins IL-6 and sIL-6R. We present recent examples from animal models in which the therapeutic potential of Hyper-IL-6 has been evaluated. We propose that Hyper-IL-6 can be used to induce potent regeneration responses in liver, kidney, and other tissues and therefore will be a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
Muppet: MapReduce-Style Processing of Fast Data (2012)

MapReduce has emerged as a popular method to process big data. In the past few years, however, not just big data, but fast data has also exploded in volume and availability. Examples of such data include sensor data streams, the Twitter Firehose, and Facebook updates. Numerous applications must process fast data. Can we provide a MapReduce-style framework so that developers can quickly write such applications and execute them over a cluster of machines, to achieve low latency and high scalability? In this paper we report on our investigation of this question, as carried out at Kosmix and WalmartLabs. We describe MapUpdate, a framework like MapReduce, but specifically developed for fast data. We describe Muppet, our implementation of MapUpdate. Throughout the description we highlight the key challenges, argue why MapReduce is not well suited to address them, and briefly describe our current solutions. Finally, we describe our experience and lessons learned with Muppet, which has been used extensively at Kosmix and WalmartLabs to power a broad range of applications in social media and e-commerce.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical, Two‐Step Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 1,3‐Butadienes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Long Term Recovery Curve in Adults after Median or Ulnar Nerve Repair: A Reference Interval (2001)

This study presents a predicted five-year reference interval for the outcome following repair of the median or ulnar nerve in adults. Forty-four patients were examined with the use of a recently introduced model instrument for documentation after nerve repair that includes "sensory", "motor", and "pain/discomfort" outcomes which together constitute a summarized "total score". Analysis of the "total score" showed that follow-up time and age significantly influence the outcome. There were obvious inferior "motor" results after ulnar nerve injury, but these did not significantly influence the "total score". Significant improvements in the "total score" were seen throughout the follow-up period.
Extended indications for continuous renal replacement therapy (2009)

Abstract Chapter 7 discusses extended indications for CRRT, including key terms, methods, techniques, and approach, and practical considerations.
As12tBu8 – ein Tricyclo[6.4.0.02,6]dodecaarsan (1985)

Als erstes Organoarsan mit zwölf As-Atomen Konnte die Titelverbindung 1 aus tBuAsCl2, AsCl3 und Mg als hellgelber, lichtempfindlicher Feststoff erhalten werden. Die Gerüststruktur wurde durch ein 1H-HMR- und ein Massenspektrum bewiesen. Beim Erwärmen in Lösung disproportioniert 1 in andere tert-Butylcycloarsane.
Quantum lower bounds by polynomials (2001)

We examine the number of queries to input variables that a quantum algorithm requires to compute Boolean functions on {0,1} N in the black-box model. We show that the exponential quantum speed-up obtained for partial functions (i.e., problems involving a promise on the input) by Deutsch and Jozsa, Simon, and Shor cannot be obtained for any total function: if a quantum algorithm computes some total Boolean function f with small error probability using T black-box queries, then there is a classical deterministic algorithm that computes f exactly with O ( Ts 6 ) queries. We also give asymptotically tight characterizations of T for all symmetric f in the exact, zero-error, and bounded-error settings. Finally, we give new precise bounds for AND, OR, and PARITY. Our results are a quantum extension of the so-called polynomial method, which has been successfully applied in classical complexity theory, and also a quantum extension of results by Nisan about a polynomial relationship between randomized and deterministic decision tree complexity.
Inhibition of rat vas deferens contractions by flavonoids in-vitro (2006)

Flavonoids are a large heterogeneous group of benzo-gamma-pyrone derivatives, which are abundantly present in our diet. In this study we investigated the effect of ten flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol, morin, galangin, rutin, apigenin, flavone, naringenin, hesperitin and silybin) on the contractile response elicited by electrical field stimulation in the rat isolated vas deferens. All flavonoids tested inhibited vas deferens contractions. The relative order of potency of the tested flavonoids was naringenin > hesperitin > morin > kaempferol > apigenin > silybin > flavone > rutin > quercetin > galangin. Analysis of the chemical structures showed that the saturation of C-2-C-3 double bond and the presence of hydroxyl groups on the flavonoidic scaffold play an important role in the activity of flavonoids.
System identification issues in multirate systems (2003)

Discusses system identification of multirate systems. In particular, the practically useful case of systems with fast manipulative variable sampling and slow output sampling is considered. The lifting method is used to analyze the multirate system in a state-space framework. A subspace identification algorithm, is first used to identify the lifted multirate system. The single-rate model at the faster sampling rate is then extracted from this estimated system, three possible extracting algorithms are also presented. The paper also discusses methods to generate an excitation sequence for identifying multirate systems. Simulation and experiment results are included in the paper.
Transcript Profiling Coupled with Spatial Expression Analyses Reveals Genes Involved in Distinct Developmental Stages of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiosis [W] (2003)

The formation of symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a phenomenon common to the majority of vascular flowering plants. Here, we used cDNA arrays to examine transcript profiles in Medicago truncatula roots during the development of an AM symbiosis with Glomus versiforme and during growth under differing phosphorus nutrient regimes. Three percent of the genes examined showed significant changes in transcript levels during the development of the symbiosis. Most genes showing increased transcript levels in mycorrhizal roots showed no changes in response to high phosphorus, suggesting that alterations in transcript levels during symbiosis were a consequence of the AM fungus rather than a secondary effect of improved phosphorus nutrition. Among the mycorrhiza-induced genes, two distinct temporal expression patterns were evident. Members of one group showed an increase in transcripts during the initial period of contact between the symbionts and a subsequent decrease as the symbiosis developed. Defense- and stress-response genes were a significant component of this group. Genes in the second group showed a sustained increase in transcript levels that correlated with the colonization of the root system. The latter group contained a significant proportion of new genes similar to components of signal transduction pathways, suggesting that novel signaling pathways are activated during the development of the symbiosis. Analysis of the spatial expression patterns of two mycorrhiza-induced genes revealed distinct expression patterns consistent with the hypothesis that gene expression in mycorrhizal roots is signaled by both cell-autonomous and cell-nonautonomous signals.
A Direct Route to Bis(imido)uranium(V) Halides via Metathesis of Uranium Tetrachloride (2012)

Metathesis reactions between uranium tetrachloride and lithium 2,6-diisopropylphenylamide in the presence of 4,4'-dialkyl-2,2'-bipyridyl (R(2)bpy; R = Me, (t)Bu) or triphenylphosphine oxide (tppo) appear to generate bis(imido)uranium(IV) in situ. These extremely reactive complexes abstract chloride from dichloromethane to generate U(NDipp)(2)Cl(R(2)bpy)(2) or U(NDipp)(2)Cl(tppo)(3) (Dipp = 2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3)). The preparation of the bromide and iodide analogues U(NDipp)(2)X(R(2)bpy)(2) was achieved by addition of CH(2)X(2) (X = Br, I) to the uranium(IV) solutions. The uranium(V) halides were characterized by X-ray crystallography and found to exhibit linear N-U-N units and short U-N bonds. Electrochemical measurements were made on the chloride bipyridine species, which reacts readily with iodine or ferrocenium to generate bis(imido)uranium(VI) cations.
Prophylaxis of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia: Patterns of care in U.S. community oncology practices (2007)

9123 Background: Adherence to neutropenia guidelines may improve patient outcomes and decrease costs associated with febrile neutropenia (FN). This analysis presents baseline data on patterns of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) use among community-based oncology practices prior to an educational intervention targeted to health care providers to improve adherence to CSF guidelines from the National Oncology Alliance (NOA). Methods: Medical records were identified from 47 participating sites. Abstractors collected data from a sequential sample of adult cancer patients receiving chemotherapy during the year prior to site randomization to an educational intervention (June and August 2006). A complex algorithm was developed to identify patients for whom the NOA guidelines recommend primary prophylaxis with a CSF including (1) patients receiving a chemotherapy regimen with a >20% expected risk of FN and (2) patients receiving chemotherapy with a 10–20% risk of FN and who have one of the following risk factors present: diminished performance status or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with low serum albumin or high serum LDH or spread to bone marrow. Results: 2594 patients were evaluated for this analysis. Most were female (66%) and the mean age was 61.7 years (± 13.1). During this period (2005–06), 423 (16%) patients received chemotherapy regimens with an FN risk >20% and 143 (6%) received chemotherapy regimens with an FN risk of 10–20% and had a risk factor. Of patients receiving chemotherapy with a >20% risk of FN, 176 (42%) received CSF primary prophylaxis. Of patients receiving chemotherapy with a 10–20% risk FN with a risk factor present, 40 (28%) received CSF primary prophylaxis. Conclusions: Many patients for whom guidelines recommend treatment did not receive CSF primary prophylaxis. After the year-long educational intervention, we will re-evaluate CSF patterns of care and assess whether adherence to guidelines improved patient outcomes. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Sequence and Stacking Dependence of 8-Oxoguanine Oxidation:  Comparison of One-Electron vs Singlet Oxygen Mechanisms (1999)

The oxidation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides has been investigated using a variety of oxidants, including one-electron oxidants (Ir(IV), Fe(III), NiCR/KHSO5, and SO4-•) as well as singlet oxygen, generated both photochemically and thermally. The extents of oxidation in single-stranded and duplex oligodeoxynucleotides are compared, confirming theoretical ionization potentials of 8-oxoG in different sequence contexts in duplex DNA. As with guanine, 8-oxoG residues stacked in a duplex with a 3‘ neighboring G are more readily oxidized by one-electron oxidants than those stacked next to other bases, although the effect of stacking appears to be less pronounced for 8-oxoG than for G. Regardless of sequence, 8-oxoG is always more easily oxidized than the four natural nucleobases, even in the presence of multiple G sequences. Reactions with singlet molecular oxygen, thought to proceed through a cycloaddition mechanism, show little sequence selectivity and a 7-fold higher reactivity with single-stranded compared to duplex 8-oxoG residues. One-electron oxidants, such as Ir(IV) complexes, showed a more modest 3−4-fold higher reactivity with single-stranded DNA. In contrast, the Schiff base complex [NiCR]2+, used in conjunction with a strong oxidant, KHSO5, shows a 2-fold preference for oxidation of duplex vs single-stranded 8-oxoG, perhaps because of the high driving force and the possibility for competing G oxidation to equilibrate to 8-oxoG oxidation via hole transfer. Overall, these results point to subtle mechanistic differences in one-electron oxidation but a major distinction between one-electron and 1O2-mediated oxidation. Furthermore, they suggest an important role for 8-oxoG, not only as a product of oxidative DNA damage but also as a substrate for further oxidation.
Wärmeforschung in den USA (1959)

Abstract Der Bericht beruht auf den Eindrücken, die während eines 20monatigen Aufenthaltes in den USA gewonnen wurden. Der Autor arbeitete dort an der Brown University in Providence an wärmetechnischen Forschungsaufgaben. Darüber hinaus hatte er Gelegenheit, andere Universitäten und Forschungsstätten aufzusuchen.
SOURCES OF POTENTIAL IMMUNOLOGICALLY REACTIVE CELLS IN CERTAIN FETAL AND ADULT TISSUES (1964)

A modification of the parental-F1 hybrid graft-vs-host procedure was employed for demonstrating the presence of potential immunologically reactive cells in various fetal and adult tissues of the mouse. Such cells were found in 2nd and 3rd-week fetal liver, neonatal liver, adult liver, and 2nd-week fetal thymus. Other sources of these potential immunologically competent cells were 2nd and early 3rd-week placenta, neonatal spleen, and adult peripheral blood.
Rough surface scattering: Exact numerical methods compared with the Kirchhoff approximation (1985)

Acoustic scattering has been calculated exactly using integral equation methods for deterministic and randomly rough surfaces. The surfaces are invariant in one direction and the Dirichlet (pressure release) boundary condition was used. The scattered field can be found exactly by solving an integral equation for the normal derivative of the pressure on the surface. This was done two ways by using linear integral equations of both the first and second kinds; the solutions were found to agree. Comparisons of the exact surface and scattered fields with those obtained using the Kirchhoff approximation were made. Significant differences in forward scattering were found between the Kirchhoff and exact results. This was true even when the Kirchhoff validity criterion, based on the radius of curvature, was well satisfied. Evidence will be presented to show that these differences are due to multiple scattering. [Work supported by ONR.]
Molecular Dynamics Study of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Nano-Mechanical Manipulation (2005)

Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) are expected to be useful as elements in nano-mechanical systems such as nanobearings and nanosliders. A molecular dynamics simulation is carried out to estimate the relative motion between the inner and outer tubes. The force required to pull the inner tube out of the outer tube is evaluated quantitatively by pulling the inner tube under a constant velocity for DWNTs with various inter-tube spacings and chiralities. When the inner tube is pulled under smaller constant force, the inner tube vibrates inside the outer tube without being pulled out, and an energetics is applied to explain the critical force and vibrational amplitude. The constant force induces not only vibration along the tube axis but also rotation around the tube axis, which indicates the possibility of creating a slider crank mechanism using a DWNT.
Kinetic theory of ion acoustic waves in a plasma with collisional electrons (1995)

An analytical theory of ion acoustic waves in Maxwellian plasmas and in plasmas with an externally applied temperature gradient has been developed. The emphasis is upon the effects of electron-electron and electron-ion collisions on ion acoustic wave damping and on the effective electron heat conductivity associated with the waves. The asymptotic limits of weakly and strongly collisional electrons are studied analytically and then a numerical solution is compared to Fokker-Planck simulations and fitted by simple algebraic expressions. The limit of large Z has also been investigated and the condition of validity for the Lorentzian plasma approximation has been found. It is also shown that the heat flux driven ion acoustic instability exists over a wide range of parameters with a smooth transition from the collisionless to the collisional limit. Accounting for ion-ion collisions leads to the separation of the instability region in two domains. The long wavelength part dominates in plasmas with a relatively high ion temperature. (c) 1995 The American Physical Society