gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Neutral and Zwitterionic 3-Carboranyl Thymidine Analogues for Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (2005)

Novel 3-carboranyl thymidine analogues (3CTAs) were synthesized as potential boron delivery agents for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). This library includes six zwitterionic NH(3)(+)-nido-m-carborane-substituted thymidine analogues (Thds) and the corresponding neutral NH(2)-closo-m-carborane-substituted counterparts. All compounds of this library were good substrates for recombinant human thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) with phosphorylation rates up to 89% relative to that of Thd. One compound out of this library, 3-[3-(7-NH(3)(+)-nido-m-carboran-1-yl)propan-1-yl]thymidine (19b), showed selective retention in TK1-expressing murine L929 wild-type tumors versus L929 TK1 (-) tumors in biodistribution studies. The biological evaluation of the zwitterionic NH(3)(+)-nido-m-carborane-substituted Thds indicated improved aqueous solubility and similar or even superior potential as BNCT agents compared with different classes of 3CTAs (Cancer Res. 2004, 64, 6280-6286 and 6287-6295). To complete previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, 3-[(closo-o-carboranyl)methyl]thymidine (4) was also synthesized and evaluated.
Instrumentation and Special Procedures for Individuals With Dysarthria (1994)

The speech clinician in the medical setting who reads the relevant literature can become overwhelmed with the instrumentation and special procedures that are used in research and clinical studies of individuals with dysarthria. What instrumentation and special procedures are clinically most useful for individuals with dysarthria?
E is for Egypt… (2012)

This month we head to Africa in the next stage of our alphabetical countries and cultures quest.
An efficient all-solid-state doubly resonant sum-frequency continuous-wave ultraviolet laser at 299 nm (2013)

We report for the first time coherent ultraviolet radiation at 299?nm by intracavity sum-frequency generation of an 899?nm Nd:YAG laser and a 456?nm frequency doubling Nd:GdVO4 laser. The ultraviolet laser is obtained by using doubly resonant, type-I critical phase matching CsLiB6O10 (CLBO) crystal sum-frequency mixing. With a total diode pump power of 35.6?W (17.2?W pump power for the 899?nm Nd:YAG laser and 18.4 W pump power for the 456?nm Nd:GdVO4 frequency doubling laser), a TEM00 mode ultraviolet laser at 299?nm of 331?mW is obtained. The power stability is better than 3.4% and the laser beam quality M2 factors are 1.22 and 1.17 in the horizontal and vertical dimensions respectively.
Behavior of Bunte Salts in Radical Polymerization (1970)

脂肪族ブンテ塩 (CH3CH2CH2SSO3Na, (CH3)2CHSSO3Na, CH3CH2CH2CH2SSO3Na) および芳香族ブンテ塩 (C6H5SSO3HNC5H5, C6H5SSO3K) について, 光および熱重合開始剤としての活性をしらべ, つぎに熱重合におけるこれらのブンテ塩の連鎖移動定数を求めた。光重合においては, これらのブンテ塩は AIBN 程度のすぐれた開始剤であり, その活性は芳香族系の方が脂肪族系のものよりすぐれていた。St および MMA の光重合において, 重合速度はブンテ塩濃度の 0.5 次, モノマー濃度の1次に比例し, 全活性化エネルギーは E(St)=4.1kcal/mol, E(MMA)=3.4kcal/mol であった。光重合でえられたポリスチレン, ポリメタクリル酸メチルのポリマー末端には1ポリマー鎖につき SO3- 基が約1個有り, さらにブンテ塩の光分解においてメルカプタンの生成することから, ブンテ塩による光重合の開始は S-S 結合の切断によっておこることがわかった。熱重合 (60℃) においては, これらのブンテ塩はまったく活性がなかった。AIBN を開始剤とする熱重合で, ブンテ塩を添加剤として, ブンテ塩の挙動をしらべてみた。脂肪族ブンテ塩では重合になんら影響がみられなかったが, 芳香族ブンテ塩では抑制効果がみられた。これらのブンテ塩の連鎖移動定数は, ポリスチリルラジカルに対しては 10-1～1 のオーダーで, ポリメタクリル酸メチルラジカルに対しては 10-3～10-1 のオーダーであった。連鎖移動剤としてのブンテ塩のe値は正となり求核的な攻げきをうけやすいことがわかった。
Unified picture of electron and hole relaxation pathways in semiconductor quantum dots (2007)

Size dependent electron and hole relaxation dynamics were measured in colloidal CdSe quantum dots with state-to-state specificity. These experiments reveal the electron and hole state-to-state relaxation dynamics with a precision of $\ensuremath{\sim}10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$, allowing quantitative evaluation of the manifold of pathways by which an exciton relaxes in strongly confined quantum dots. These experiments corroborate previously observed confinement induced femtosecond Auger relaxation channels for electrons, but with sufficient precision to quantitatively and unambiguously determine the size dependence of the Auger mechanism. These experiments also show that the hole energy loss rate increases for smaller quantum dots, contradicting known relaxation mechanisms for holes. We propose a confinement enhanced mechanism for hole relaxation in colloidal quantum dots, overcoming the predicted phonon bottleneck for holes. The relative contributions of the relaxation pathways are identified for electrons and for holes. These state selective experiments produce a unified picture of the manifold of relaxation pathways available to both electrons and holes in strongly confined colloidal quantum dots.
305 INHIBITION BY ACETAMINOPHEN OF HEMOGLOBIN-INDUCED OXIDATION OF ARACHIDONIC ACID, A POTENTIAL PREVENTION OF OXIDATIVE INJURY IN SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE PATIENTS. (2006)

<h3>Background</h3> Hemoglobin released from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is rapidly followed by the oxidation of the heme from the ferrous form (Fe<sup>II</sup>) to the ferric state (Fe<sup>III</sup>). In this state of oxidation, hemoglobin can catalyze the oxidation of free or membrane-bound lipids by ferric-ferryl (Fe<sup>IV</sup>) redox cycling. The reaction of oxidation is initiated by the reaction of the ferric heme with peroxides present in the milieu. Such peroxides can be hydrogen peroxide generated by activated phagocytes but can also be endogenous lipid peroxides. An accumulating body of evidence has suggested that these oxidation processes are responsible for the oxidative injuries associated with the hemolytic event following subarachnoid hemorrhage. We hypothesized that acetaminophen (ApAP) could inhibit the peroxidase activity of hemoglobin in a mechanism similar to the inhibition of prostaglandin synthases and therefore inhibit lipid peroxidation and formation of F<sub>2</sub>-isoprostanes (products of lipid peroxidation with a powerful vesoconstrictive effect). That could prevent cerebral vasoconstriction and subsequent ischemia and neuron death in SAH patients. <h3>Method</h3> Ferryl hemoglobin was produced by oxidation of ferric hemoglobin with H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Reduction of ferryl hemoglobin by ApAP was assessed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance at 415 nm for ferryl hemoglobin and 406 nm for ferric hemoglobin. The ability of ApAP to inhibit hemoglobin-induced lipid peroxidation was determined by incubation of ferryl hemoprotein with [<sup>14</sup> C] arachidonic acid. Unoxidized radiolabeled arachidonic acid and its more polar oxidized products were separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC), and counted by a radio-TLC scanner. The ratio of oxidized to residual arachidonic acid was calculated to give the percentage of the oxidized arachidonic acid. <h3>Results</h3> ApAP inhibited the oxidation of arachidonic acid by ferryl hemoglobin with IC<sub>50</sub> of 17 μM. Spectrophotometric analysis of hemoglobin in visible wavelengths indicated that ApAP could also reduce ferryl hemoglobin to its ferric form. <h3>Conclusion</h3> ApAP reduces ferryl hemoglobin to ferric hemoglobin in vitro; ApAP prevents ferryl hemoglobin-induced lipid peroxidation in vitro at concentrations much lower than the normal therapeutic plasma concentration in humans; treatment with ApAP may prevent subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced vasospasm.
Relaxation Studies of Adsorbed Water on Porous Glass (1980)

The proton magnetic resonance relaxation times of water adsorbed on two different pore-size porous glasses (29 and 189 Å) has been measured as a function of three coverages for the temperature range - 80 to 90°C. Both a distribution of correlation times and anisotropic reorientation are used to reconcile differing conclusions from pNMR and IR spectroscopy. A least squares fit of Resing's log-normal multi-state model for magnetic relaxation resulted in parameters that indicated a reduction in protonproton distance with an increase in activation enthalpy on adsorbing water from about 2 layers to almost saturation. Based on these results, a hydration model - The Fragmented Cluster Model for adsorbed water in porous glass (and possibly cellulose acetate) membranes is proposed. It predicts a priori, that for glass pore sizes above 32 to 52 Å, bulk water structure can be established. Observations from the literature indicate that above this pore size range significant desalting is not expected.
“Silent” patent ductus arteriosus and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in low birth weight infants (1995)

We conducted a clinical study on the antecedents of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in 290 premature RDS infants with < or = 1.75 kg birth weight (BW). They were enrolled in a prospective trial of indomethacin treatment for "silent" patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), screened by 2-D echocardiographic and pulsed Doppler evaluation on the third day of life. The trial took place at the NICU of the Pediatric Department of Padua University between January 1987 and December 1991. Out of 290 infants screened, 96 had evidence of "silent" PDA (33%) and 77 responded to indomethacin treatment (80%). Comprehensively 79 (27%) developed BPD, and from these the incidence of BPD was statistically increased in infants with "silent" PDA, 47 out of 96 (49 +/- 9%), with respect to 32 out of 194 (16 +/- 3%) preterm infants without PDA. Statistical analysis showed that in preterm infants with "silent" PDA the development of BPD was correlated at 99% C.L. to their low BWs (mean BW = 1.13 kg): in fact the mean and the mode of BW distributions were statistically lower in the presence of BPD, 1.03 kg versus 1.24 kg, and 0.88 kg versus 1.65 kg respectively. Moreover, the preterm infants with "silent" PDA unresponsive to the first course of indomethacin and/or submitted later to surgical closure, presented a statistically lower BW with respect to the early responders, 1.06 kg versus 1.18 kg, and at the same time a statistically higher incidence of BPD (63 +/- 20% versus 43 +/- 9%). From these data we conclude that, although "silent", PDA increase per se the incidence of BPD, even if benefits from an early induced closure. Furthermore, a lower BW of infants affected by "silent" PDA represents a contributing factor to the development of BPD.
Effect of Paraquat and 2,4,5-T on the Uptake and Transport of Picloram in Woody Plants (1968)

We studied the uptake and transport of 4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid (picloram) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) alone and in combination and in the presence of 1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salt (paraquat) by honey mesquite ( Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) DC. var. glandulosa (Torr.) Cockerell), huisache ( Acacia farnesiana L. Willd., yaupon ( Ilex vomitoria Ait.), and bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Paraquat reduced transport of picloram by mesquite, huisache, and bean. Paraquat increased uptake of picloram by yaupon but did not affect transport. The uptake and transport of 2,4,5-T by mesquite decreased in the presence of picloram, but the uptake and transport of picloram increased in the presence of 2,4,5-T. Increasing ratios of 2,4,5-T:picloram up to 16:1 continued to increased uptake and transport of picloram; the inverse effect occurred for 2,4,5-T when picloram:2,4,5-T ratios were increased.
An evolutionary approach to gait learning for four-legged robots (2005)

Developing fast gaits for legged robots is a difficult task that requires optimizing parameters in a highly irregular, multidimensional space. In the past, walk optimization for quadruped robots, namely the Sony AIBO robot, was done by handtuning the parameterized gaits. In addition to requiring a lot of time and human expertise, this process produced sub-optimal results. Several recent projects have focused on using machine learning to automate the parameter search. Algorithms utilizing Powell's minimization method and policy gradient reinforcement learning have shown significant improvement over previous walk optimization results. In this paper we present a new algorithm for walk optimization based on an evolutionary approach. Unlike previous methods, our algorithm does not attempt to approximate the gradient of the multidimensional space. This makes it more robust to noise in parameter evaluations and avoids prematurely converging to local optima, a problem encountered by both of the previously suggested algorithms. Our evolutionary algorithm matches the best previous learning method, achieving several different walks of high quality. Furthermore, the best learned walks represent an impressive 20% improvement over our own best hand-tuned walks.
Amino Ketone Rearrangements. III. The Rearrangement of α-Hydroxy N-Phenylimines<sup>1,2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Ketone Rearrangements. III. The Rearrangement of α-Hydroxy N-Phenylimines1,2Calvin L. Stevens, Andre Thuillier, and Francis A. DaniherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 9, 2962–2966Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01020a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01020a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase stimulates tumour cell‐induced platelet aggregation: role of receptor glycoproteins (2004)

1. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) plays a role in agonist- and tumour cell-induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA). 2. MMP-2 is synthesized as a proenzyme and is activated at the cell surface by membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14). 3. The significance of tumour cell-associated MT1-MMP for TCIPA was investigated using human breast carcinoma MCF7 cells stably coexpressing the integrin alphavbeta3 with MT1-MMP, cells expressing alphavbeta3 alone and mock-transfected cells. 4. Western blot and zymography confirmed that alphavbeta3/MT1-MMP cells expressed MT1-MMP and efficiently processed proMMP-2 to MMP-2. 5. Aggregometry, phase-contrast and transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry were used to characterize TCIPA induced by MCF7 cell lines. 6. The aggregating potency of cells was: alphavbeta3/MT1-MMP >alphavbeta3=mock cells, as shown by aggregometry and phase-contrast microscopy. 7. Electron microscopy revealed close, membrane-membrane interactions between activated platelets and alphavbeta3/MT1-MMP cells during TCIPA. 8. Inhibition of MMP-2 with the neutralizing anti-MMP-2 antibody (5 microg ml(-1)) and o-phenanthroline (100 microm) reduced aggregation induced by alphavbeta3/MT1-MMP cells. 9. TCIPA induced by alphavbeta3/MT1-MMP cells was also reduced by inhibiting the generation and actions of ADP with apyrase (250 microg ml(-1)) and 2-methylthio-AMP (2-MeSAMP) (30 microm), but not N(6)-methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate (MRS2179) (30 microm). 10. Flow cytometry demonstrated that TCIPA enhanced expression of glycoprotein (GP) Ib and IIb/IIIa receptors not only on platelets but also on breast cancer cells. 11. Thus, (a) human breast carcinoma cell surface-associated MT1-MMP, via activating proMMP-2, stimulates TCIPA; (b) ADP amplifies the effects of MMPs via stimulation of P2Y(12) receptors and (c) both tumour- and platelet-derived GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa are involved in the aggregatory effects of MT1-MMP.
Modeling and characterization of three-dimensional effects in physical etching and deposition simulation (2005)

With the ever decreasing transistor feature sizes, scaling of interconnect has caused many new challenges in fabrication technology. Three-dimensional (3D) geometrical effects due to mechanical stress and electrical charge on short-length or sharp-corner conductors and dielectrics has become more prominent in analyses of IC process variation, leakage current and reliability. In this paper modeling and characterization of 3D effects for etching and deposition, extended from physical models calibrated in 2D, will be discussed in view of boundary movement accuracy and robustness, and methodology for calibration with direct measurements. An L-shaped test structure will be used as a technology example.
Fibulin-5 is a tumour suppressor inhibiting cell migration and invasion in ovarian cancer (2015)

Fibulin-5 is significantly down-regulated in ovarian carcinoma and acts as a tumour suppressor by inhibiting the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells.
Some fine structural and functional features of lymphocytes in “acquired” agammaglobulinernia A genetically determined disease (1970)

Present evidence for the genetic basis of “acquired” agarnmaglobulinernia has been reviewed. The previously demonstrated serologic abnormalities and the quantitative abnormalities of in vitro lymphocyte response to phytornitogens in parents of these patients are reported. In addition, a qualitative difference in the resultant cell types following in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) between agammaglobulinemic patients, their parents, and normal individuals has been shown. These studies suggest that “acquired” agammaglobulinernia is an autosomal recessive disease, perhaps related to either a defective lymphocyte subpopulation or failure of cytodifferentiation.
["In vitro" activity of a new cephalosporin (CGP-7174-E or cefsulodin) against "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" (author's transl)]. (1980)

The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of four betalactamins (carbenicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin and (CGP-7174-E) against 109 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was determined by an agar dilution method. CGP-7174-E was the most active (MIC 3.4 micrograms/ml), followed in descending order by piperacillin (MIC 4.9 micrograms/ml), ticarcillin (MIC 22 micrograms/ml) and carbenicillin (MIC 36 microgram/ml). High correlation was found between the MIC of these betalactamins (r greater than 0.60). In 12 strains where MIC for carbenicillin was greater than or equal to 1,024 microgram/ml, MIC for CGP-7174-E was less than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml and less than 16 micrograms/ml in four strains.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Syntheses of Gabapentin via Addition of Hydrocyanic Acid to Cyclohexylidenemalonate or Cyano(cyclohexylidene)acetate. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor Viruses: 1974 (1974)

As is usual for Cold Spring Harbor meetings, this was the right meeting at the right time. There were enough half-completed experiments to leave something to think about and enough completed experiments to generate a sense of satisfaction. The major focus of the meeting was on the molecular biology of tumor viruses, while the problem of how tumor viruses can cause tumors was hardly mentioned at all. It is clear that within a very few years the molecular biology of tumor viruses will be understood in great detail. Hopefully, then, the groundwork will exist from which to consider how these viruses can cause tumors.
Evidence Mounts for the Efficacy of Radioimmunotherapy for B-Cell Lymphomas (2008)

This issue of Journal of Clinical Oncology presents two articles that contribute substantially to the accumulating evidence documenting the important therapeutic role that radioimmunotherapy (RIT) can play in the management of B-cell lymphomas, particularly indolent lymphomas.1,2 Radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies were first shown to possess high levels of clinical activity in patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphomas,3-6 including those refractory to rituximab7,8 and chemotherapy.9 More recently, several single-arm studies have demonstrated that upfront RIT administered either alone or with chemotherapy to previously untreated indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients produces overall response rates of 90% to 100%, complete response rates of 60% to 95%, and durable remissions.10-13
Electrocatalytic hydrogen production by dinuclear cobalt(<scp>ii</scp>) compounds containing redox-active diamidate ligands: a combined experimental and theoretical study (2020)

The chiral dicobalt(ii) complex [CoII2(μ2-L)2] (1) (H2L = N2,N6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide) and its tert-butyl analogue [CoII2(μ2-LBu)2] (2) were synthesized and structurally characterized. Addition of one equivalent of AgSbF6 to the dichloromethane solution of 1 and 2 resulted in the isolation of the mixed-valent dicobalt(iii,ii) species [CoIIICoII(μ2-L)2]SbF6 (3) and [CoIIICoII(μ2-LBu)2]SbF6 (4). Homovalent 1 and 2 exhibited catalytic activity towards proton reduction in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH) as the substrate. The complexes are stable in solution while their catalytic turnover frequency is estimated at 10 and 34.6 h-1 molcat-1 for 1 and 2, respectively. Calculations reveal one-electron reduction of 1 is ligand-based, preserving the dicobalt(ii) core and activating the ligand toward protonation at the quinoline group. This creates a vacant coordination site that is subsequently protonated to generate the catalytically ubiquitous Co(iii) hydride. The dinuclear structure persists throughout where the distal Co(ii) ion modulates the reactivity of the adjacent metal site by promoting ligand redox activity through spin state switching.