gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Work Values of Baby-Boomers and Generation X of the Chinese Community in Malaysia (2009)

Organizations in the era of globalization require not only an efficient and cohesive pool of workforce but also one with strong work values. The said workforce in general comprises the Baby-boomers (aged 40 to 60 years) and Generation X (aged 25 to 39 years) workers. The Generation X undoubtedly, will be slowly replacing the boomers in the labour force. Rightfully so, the former would be playing a more active and dynamic role in the labour market. Hence, a comprehensive study of their work values with comparison to their Baby-boomers counterpart is timely. This study adopted Mantech’s (1983) Work Value Questionnaire to elicit the responses of the target groups. The work values of the boomers and X-ers of the working ethnic Chinese in Malaysia may not be significantly different but findings have sufficient evidence that the X-ers are more money-oriented than the boomers though both generations may agree that work values categories which are more extrinsic and materialistic in nature are more important to them. The results of this study will be helpful for the organizations, particularly those of the Chinese-based to review, if required, their current human resource policies.
Celecoxib and cardiovascular risks (2005)

In a very short time, COX-2 enzyme inhibitors have gone from the darlings to the pariahs of the pharmaceutical industry. These drugs were developed based on the hypothesis whereby selective inhibition of the COX enzyme would lead to reduction in pain and inflammation without associated gastrointestinal and bleeding risks. However, in September 2004, rofecoxib was voluntarily removed from the market for increased cardiovascular risk and in April 2005, valdecoxib was also withdrawn, at least in part, due to excess cardiovascular risk. Celecoxib was the first COX-2 inhibitor introduced and the only remaining one on the US market. There is consequently a justified concern that cardiovascular toxicity is a class effect of all COX-2 inhibitors. This article systematically reviews the evidence surrounding COX-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk. Although the evidence suggests a fairly consistent cardiovascular risk with rofecoxib, the evidence for cardiovascular risk with celecoxib is more equivocal. Although isolated studies have suggested some cardiovascular risk for celecoxib, the totality of the evidence suggests that any risk is likely to be small and comparable to traditional NSAIDs. The cardiovascular risks of COX-2 inhibitors appear heterogeneous, influenced not only by the drug class, but also individual drug, dosage and patient characteristics. Specific modifying factors of the cardiovascular risk of COX-2 inhibitors including dose, concomitant drugs, individual cardiac and genetic risk profiles, will require further study.
The study of magnetic resonance spectrum about sensitive brain structure of the first episode depression (2011)

Objective To explore the brain's metabolism about the hippocampus, anterior cingulate and thalamus of first episode depressive patients. Methods Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and 1 HMRS analyzing technology to detect multiple metabolic indices of the hippocampus, anterior cingulate and thalamus of 20 patients and 20 healthy persons, including N-acetylaspartate ( NAA), choline ( Cho ), myoinositol ( MI ), creatine(Cr). Results The ratios of MI/Cr of the bilateral thalamus of the depressive patients group decreased ( Left (0.23 ±0.13) ,(0.25 ±0.09), t=2.25, P=0.03,Right(0.33 ±0.15,0.34 ±0.04), t=2.42, P=0.02).The ratios of NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr of the bilateral hippocampus of the depressive patients group were both lower (NAA/Cr: Left t=3.06, P=0.004,Right t=3.54, P=0.001. Cho/Cr: Left t=2.94, P=0.006,Right t=4.02,P=0.001 ). The ratios of Cho/Cr and MI/Cr of the anterior cingulate of the depressive patients group were both significantly higher (NAA/Cr: t=3.12, P=0. 003;Cho/Cr: t=2.62, P=0.01). Conclusion The metabolic abnormalities of hippocampus, anterior cingulate and thalamus maybe constitute the nervous biochemical basis of first episode depression.

Key words: 
Depression;  Magnetic resonance spectrum;  Hippocampus;  Thalamus;  Anterior cingulate
Bright Light Treatment of Combat-related PTSD: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2021)

The most comprehensive study on the topic to date indicated significant short-term efficacy of bright light treatment on the primary variables (CAPS and CGI) with clinical relevance (i.e., treatment response) in veterans with chronic PTSD who did not report extremely high habitual light exposure. No significant effects were found for anxiety, depression, or sleep disturbance. Further research is warranted, particularly exploration of circadian phase-shifting mechanisms of bright light for PTSD.
Effect of allopurinol in decreasing proteinuria in type 2 diabetic patients. (2010)

Low-dose allopurinol can reduce severity of proteinuria after 4 months of drug administration, which is probably due to decreasing the serum level of uric acid. Thus, allopurinol can be administered as an adjuvant cost-effective therapy for patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Tumorigenioty of inorganic arsenic compounds following intratracheal instillations to the lungs of hamsters (1987)

The tumorigenicity of arsenic trioxide (As2O3), calcium arsenate (Ca3(AsO4)2) and arsenic trisulfide (As2S3) was studied in male Syrian golden hamsters which received arsenic compounds containing a total dose of 3.75 mg arsenic by means of intratracheal instillations once a week for 15 weeks. As controls, some hamsters were treated with only the vehicle, phosphate buffer solution. During the animals' total life span, one lung adenocarcinoma was seen in the 17 hamsters in the As2O3 group, one lung adenocarcinoma and 6 lung adenomas in the 25 hamsters in the Ca3(AsO4)2 group, one lung adenoma in the 22 hamsters in the As2S3 group and one lung adenosquamous carcinoma in the 21 hamsters in the control group. From these results, we conclude that calcium arsenate is tumorigenic to the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters. The results concerning the other 2 arsenic compounds were not conclusive.
Epileptic high‐frequency oscillations in intraoperative electrocorticography: The effect of propofol (2012)

Propofol, known for its antiepileptic effects, reduces the number of epileptic HFOs, but has no effect on spikes. This enforces the hypothesis that, in epilepsy, HFOs mirror the disease activity and HFOs might be useful for monitoring antiepileptic drug treatment. It is feasible to record HFOs during surgery, but propofol infusion should be interrupted for some minutes to improve detection.
Carbonic anhydrase. Purification and nature of the enzyme (1940)

2 described a new enzyme present in red blood corpuscles which catalyses both phases of the reversible reaction: H2CO3, CO2 + H20. They purified this enzyme from mam- malian erythrocytes and gave a detailed account of its properties and the kinetics of the reactions which it catalyses. The greatly purified enzyme preparation obtained by them had a very high catalytic activity, was a colourless substance free from haematin and from other known enzymes, stable within pH 3-12, thermolabile, and very sensitive to KCN, H2S, NaN3 and to several heavy metals.
Bleomycin-induced flagellate erythema in a patient with Hodgkin’s lymphoma – A case report and review of literature (2015)

Bleomycin is a glycopeptide used as a chemotherapeutic agent for lymphomas, germ cell tumors, and pleurodesis of malignant pleural effusions. The pulmonary toxicity of bleomycin is well known while the cutaneous side effects are uncommon and varies from generalized hyperpigmentation, sclerodermoid changes, erythema multiformae, and gangrene to flagellate dermatosis. Here we report a characteristic but rare side effect of flagellate erythema, which developed secondary to bleomycin in a 27-year old woman with Hodgkin's lymphoma after two cycles of treatment with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine regimen. The rash subsided after discontinuation of bleomycin and treatment with steroids.
Polya Urn Models and Connections to Ran- dom Trees: A Review (2003)

Abstract. This paper reviews Pólya urn models and their connec-tion to random trees. Basic results are presented, together with proofs that underly the historical evolution of the accompanying thought process. Extensions and generalizations are given accord-ing to chronology: • Pólya-Eggenberger’s urn • Bernard Friedman’s urn • Generalized Pólya urns • Extended urn schemes • Invertible urn schemes Connections to random trees are surveyed. Numerous applications to trees common in computer science are discussed, including:
Routing algorithms for anycast messages (2002)

We propose and analyze three routing algorithms for anycast packets: source-destination based routing with weighted random selection (SD/WRS); destination based routing with weighted random selection (D/WRS); and the shortest shortest path first (SSPF) algorithms. The SSPF algorithm is a simple extension to the traditional SPF algorithm for routing unicast packets. The SD/WRS and D/WRS algorithms explicitly take into account characteristics of anycast message traffic and its recipient group. As a result, our simulation study shows that both the SD/WRS and D/WRS algorithms perform much better than SSPF in terms of average end-to-end packet delay. In particular, SD/WRS performs very close to a dynamic optimal algorithm in most cases. Our algorithms are simple, efficient and compatible with the most of existing routing technologies. We also formally prove the loop free and correctness properties for our algorithms.
Application and Development of Artificial Floating Island Technology (2014)

As a rising phytoremediation technology, artificial floating island technology is increasingly used in wastewater purification. In this paper, studies on artificial floating islands at home and abroad were overviewed, including the variety of floating island, construction method of artificial floating island and the water improvement principle of artificial floating island. Artificial floating island technology is a kind of new ecological environment technology with many functions, such as pollutant purification, habitat restoration, ecosystem restoration, and landscape improvement. It has good application prospects in the area of comprehensive water body control.
The union-split algorithm and cluster-based anonymization of social networks (2009)

Knowledge discovery on social network data can uncover latent social trends and produce valuable findings that benefit the welfare of the general public. A growing amount of research finds that social networks play a surprisingly powerful role in people's behaviors. Before the social network data can be released for research purposes, the data needs to be anonymized to prevent potential re-identification attacks. Most of the existing anonymization approaches were developed for relational data, and cannot be used to handle social network data directly.
Quantum simulation (2014)

Simulating quantum mechanics is known to be a difficult computational problem, especially when dealing with large systems. However, this difficulty may be overcome by using some controllable quantum system to study another less controllable or accessible quantum system, i.e., quantum simulation. Quantum simulation promises to have applications in the study of many problems in, e.g., condensed-matter physics, high-energy physics, atomic physics, quantum chemistry, and cosmology. Quantum simulation could be implemented using quantum computers, but also with simpler, analog devices that would require less control, and therefore, would be easier to construct. A number of quantum systems such as neutral atoms, ions, polar molecules, electrons in semiconductors, superconducting circuits, nuclear spins, and photons have been proposed as quantum simulators. This review outlines the main theoretical and experimental aspects of quantum simulation and emphasizes some of the challenges and promises of this fast-growing field.
Disco: Improving Packet Delivery via Deliberate Synchronized Constructive Interference (2014)

Constructive interference (CI) enables concurrent transmissions to interfere non-destructively, so as to enhance network concurrency. In this paper, we propose deliberate synchronized constructive interference (Disco), which ensures concurrent transmissions of an identical packet to synchronize more precisely than traditional CI. Disco envisions concurrent transmissions to positively interfere at the receiver, and potentially allows orders of magnitude reductions in energy consumption and improvements in link quality. We also theoretically introduce a sufficient condition to construct Disco with IEEE 802.15.4 radio for the first time. Moreover, we propose Triggercast, a distributed middleware service, and show it is feasible to generate Disco on real sensor network platforms like TMote Sky. To synchronize transmissions of multiple senders at the chip level, Triggercast effectively compensates propagation and radio processing delays, and has 95th percentile synchronization errors of at most 250 ns. Triggercast also intelligently decides which co-senders to participate in simultaneous transmissions, and aligns their transmission time to maximize the overall link Packet Reception Ratio (PRR), under the condition of maximal system robustness. Extensive experiments in real testbeds demonstrate that Triggercast significantly improves PRR from 5 to 70 percent with seven concurrent senders. We also demonstrate that Triggercast provides 1.3χ PRR performance gains in average, when it is integrated with existing data forwarding protocols.
A novel bitmap analysis technique - test sensitivity intensity bitmap (2003)

Bitmapping is a common tool used for analysis and device characterisation on volatile and non-volatile memory in integrated circuits. The tester normally provides the electrical failing address and the analyst will use a scramble table to convert the electrical failing address to the physical failing address. A software may be used to descramble the electrical failing addresses and then display the physical location of the failure using simple graphics. In this paper, a novel bitmap technique is presented. Instead of just displaying the X,Y physical location of the failure, which is basically two dimensions, this bitmap technique takes it a step further. The new bitmap technique 'test sensitivity intensity (TSI) bitmap' is a graphical combination of all the listed tools. The idea of using a graphical bitmap was to make it easier to visualise the failure and the pattern of the failure as test conditions change from relaxed conditions to very stringent conditions, compared to a simple data dump memory display.
Channel vocoder based on c.c.d. discrete-Fourier-transform processors (1980)

This paper investigates how charge-coupled-device (c.c.d) modules could be applied in an alternative implementation of the now established channel vocoder. The objective is to demonstrate the potential of c.c.d. technology in the realisation of low-cost low-power speech processors. In this proposed implementation, the central processor is based on a c.c.d. discrete Fourier transform (d.f.t.) algorithm which is multiplexed to provide spectral data for channel compression and cepstral data for pitch detection. Synthetic speech is reconstructed from zero phase impulse responses by a novel convolution technique designed to eliminate frame discontinuities. Extensive computer simulations have been used to determine a suitable hardware architecture and this is compared to a c.c.d. switched-capacitor parallel-filter-bank channel vocoder in terms of performance and total chip count. It is concluded that a very small c.c.d. channel vocoder configuration could be based on a combination of the d.f.t. analyser and the filter-bank synthesiser.
Glutamate decarboxylase‐dependent acid resistance in orally acquired bacteria: function, distribution and biomedical implications of the <scp><i>gadBC</i></scp> operon (2012)

For successful colonization of the mammalian host, orally acquired bacteria must overcome the extreme acidic stress (pH < 2.5) encountered during transit through the host stomach. The glutamate-dependent acid resistance (GDAR) system is by far the most potent acid resistance system in commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Listeria monocytogenes and Lactococcus lactis. GDAR requires the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GadB), an intracellular PLP-dependent enzyme which performs a proton-consuming decarboxylation reaction, and of the cognate antiporter (GadC), which performs the glutamatein /γ-aminobutyrateout (GABA) electrogenic antiport. Herein we review recent findings on the structural determinants responsible for pH-dependent intracellular activation of E. coli GadB and GadC. A survey of genomes of bacteria (pathogenic and non-pathogenic), having in common the ability to colonize or to transit through the host gut, shows that the gadB and gadC genes frequently lie next or near each other. This gene arrangement is likely to be important to ensure timely co-regulation of the decarboxylase and the antiporter. Besides the involvement in acid resistance, GABA production and release were found to occur at very high levels in lactic acid bacteria originally isolated from traditionally fermented foods, supporting the evidence that GABA-enriched foods possess health-promoting properties.
US counsel fear EU light touch advantage (2016)

The article discusses U.S. banks' concern about a potential competitive advantage arising from the European Commission's (EC) renewed support for its universal banks. Topics covered include indications that the Capital Markets Union will have limitations, the EU financial system's dependence on its bank sector, and controversy over capital requirements. Also mentioned are the optimal balance of regulation and mandated capital requirements under the U.S. Dodd-Frank Act.
4‐hydroxynonenal increases neuronal susceptibility to oxidative stress (1999)

Increased levels of reactive oxygen species occur in neurodegenerative disorders and may promote neuron death. The lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) is increased in neurons following oxidative stress and promotes neuron death in vitro and in vivo. The present study examined the possibility that HNE can increase neuron vulnerability to oxidative stress. Application of low concentrations of HNE (50–500 nM) increased neuron death induced by β-amyloid or glutamate when added within 3 hr of injury. In addition, treatment with HNE exacerbated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in response to β-amyloid and glutamate. The ability to exacerbate oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuron death appears to be specific to HNE, because application of other lipid peroxidation products had no effect. These data indicate a role for low levels of HNE in promoting reactive oxygen species accumulation and neuron degeneration by altering mitochondrial homeostasis. In addition, the present study indicates a possible mechanism for reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation toxicity in neurodegenerative conditions. J. Neurosci. Res. 58:823–830, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Calculation of Ion Bombarding Energy and Its Distribution in rf Sputtering (1968)

The energy distribution of bombarding ions in typical rf sputtering conditions has been calculated. The Mathieu-type equations of motion of ions and electrons in the cathode-fall region are numerically integrated by a computer with various initial and boundary conditions. The self-biased dc component ${V}_{\mathrm{dc}}$ is found to be 0.999928 of one-half the peak-to-peak rf potential applied across the cathode dark space, which is in agreement with the value obtained from mobility considerations. The ion energy distribution is found to depend on rf voltage and frequency, dark-space distance, and $\frac{e}{(\mathrm{ion}\mathrm{mass})}$ ratio. Physical explanations are provided for the fact that a large percentage of the ions possess energies greater than $e{V}_{\mathrm{dc}}$. The effect of high electron temperature on the ion-energy distribution has been studied and found to be very small. Trajectories of both the ion and electron in the cathode-fall region have also been calculated.
The Covariance of Near End Crosstalk and Its Application to PCM System Engineering in Multipair Cable (1979)

The near end crosstalk (NEXT) model proposed by Cravis and Crater [1] is analyzed to give the covariance of NEXT, with good agreement between theory and measurements on multipair cable. The covariance of NEXT is then used to estimate the variance of the meansquare NEXT interference between PCM systems operating under the same cable sheath. These results are used to derive the required minimum mean NEXT loss <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu_{0}'</tex> as a function of the number of PCM systems <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> , the NEXT loss standard deviation σ, and pertinent PCM system parameters. Comparisons with the minimum mean NEXT loss proposed in [4] and [5], <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu_{0}''</tex> , and that proposed in [1], <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mu_{0}'''</tex> , show that: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-0.4 < \mu_{0}'' - \mu_{0}' < 2</tex> dB, for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1 \leq N \leq 500</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6 \leq \sigma \leq 14</tex> , while <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-16 < \mu_{0}''' - \mu_{0}' < 6</tex> dB, for <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">25 \leq N \leq 500</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6 \leq \sigma \leq 14</tex> , for all pertinent PCM system parameters.
Cardiovascular cavitation (2009)

This article reviews the role of cavitation in the therapeutic applications of ultrasound and laser surgery, and the cavitation effects in mechanical heart valves. Whenever laser pulses are used to ablate or disrupt tissue in a liquid environment, cavitation bubbles are produced which interact with the tissue. The interaction between cavitation bubbles and tissue during pulsed laser surgery may cause collateral damage to sensitive tissue structures in the vicinity of the laser focus, and it may also contribute in several ways to ablation and cutting. Cavitation is also one of the most exploited bioeffects of ultrasound for therapeutic advantage. In both cases, the violent implosion of cavitation bubbles can lead to the generation of shock waves, high-velocity liquid jets, free radical species, and strong shear forces that can damage the nearby tissue. Knowledge of these physical mechanisms is therefore of vital importance and would provide a framework wherein novel and improved surgical techniques can be developed.
Lubiprostone (2007)

In January 2006 the Food and Drug Administration approved lubiprostone for the treatment of chronic constipation in men and women aged 18 and over. Lubiprostone is categorized as a prostone, a bicyclic fatty acid metabolite of prostaglandin E1. Lubiprostone activates a specific chloride channel (ClC-2) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to enhance intestinal fluid secretion, which increases GI transit and improves symptoms of constipation. This article reviews the role of chloride channels in the GI tract, describes the structure, function, and pharmacokinetics of lubiprostone, and discusses clinically important data on this new medication.