gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-dependent fiber bundles with local load sharing (2001)

Fiber bundle models, where fibers have random lifetimes depending on their load histories, are useful tools in explaining time-dependent failure in heterogeneous materials. Such models shed light on diverse phenomena such as fatigue in structural materials and earthquakes in geophysical settings. Various asymptotic and approximate theories have been developed for bundles with various geometries and fiber load-sharing mechanisms, but numerical verification has been hampered by severe computational demands in larger bundles. To gain insight at large size scales, interest has returned to idealized fiber bundle models in 1D. Such simplified models typically assume either equal load sharing (ELS) among survivors, or local load sharing (LLS) where a failed fiber redistributes its load onto its two nearest flanking survivors. Such models can often be solved exactly or asymptotically in increasing bundle size, N, yet still capture the essence of failure in real materials. The present work focuses on 1D bundles under LLS. As in previous works, a fiber has failure rate following a power law in its load level with breakdown exponent $\ensuremath{\rho}.$ Surviving fibers under fixed loads have remaining lifetimes that are independent and exponentially distributed. We develop both new asymptotic theories and new computational algorithms that greatly increase the bundle sizes that can be treated in large replications (e.g., one million fibers in thousands of realizations). In particular we develop an algorithm that adapts several concepts and methods that are well-known among computer scientists, but relatively unknown among physicists, to dramatically increase the computational speed with no attendant loss of accuracy. We consider various regimes of $\ensuremath{\rho}$ that yield drastically different behavior as N increases. For $1/2<~\ensuremath{\rho}<~1,$ ELS and LLS have remarkably similar behavior (they have identical lifetime distributions at $\ensuremath{\rho}=1)$ with approximate Gaussian bundle lifetime statistics and a finite limiting mean. For $\ensuremath{\rho}>1$ this Gaussian behavior also applies to ELS, whereas LLS behavior diverges sharply showing brittle, weakest volume behavior in terms of characteristic elements derived from critical cluster formation. For $0<\ensuremath{\rho}<1/2,$ ELS and LLS again behave similarly, but the bundle lifetimes are dominated by a few long-lived fibers, and show characteristics of strongest link, extreme value distributions, which apply exactly to $\ensuremath{\rho}=0.$
Comparison of RANS Turbulence Models for Prediction of Film Cooling Performance (2008)

The realizable k-ε, standard k-ω, and RSM turbulence models were used to simulate flat plate film cooling experiments that are commonly described in literature. Adiabatic effectiveness simulations revealed that using the standard k-ω model resulted in the closest agreement with experimentally determined laterally averaged adiabatic effectiveness, but the worst agreement with centerline adiabatic effectiveness. Conversely, the realizable k-ε model agreed worst with experimental laterally averaged adiabatic effectiveness values and best with centerline values. Use of the anisotropic RSM model was not found to predict more realistic coolant spreading than the other models. Simulations to find heat transfer coefficients without film cooling showed good agreement with correlations for all three models, and the closest agreement resulted from using the realizable k-ε model. Heat transfer coefficient augmentation was also examined for two configurations: unit density ratio with and without upstream heating. Laterally averaged heat transfer coefficient augmentation simulations using all three turbulence models agreed well with experiments. However, the spanwise variation in heat transfer coefficient augmentation in all cases was greater than is typically seen experimentally.
Rituximab and Monitoring Strategies for Late Antibody-Mediated Rejection After Kidney Transplantation (2017)

Treatment of late ABMR with steroids/IVIG ± rituximab was effective in reducing DSA and microcirculation inflammation. The addition of rituximab was associated with better graft survival. Follow-up biopsies could be considered in the management of acute rejection to monitor the effect of therapy. Randomized studies on the best therapeutic options for ABMR are needed.
SQUID Probe Microscope Combined With Scanning Tunneling Microscope (2007)

We have developed a high T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> SQUID probe microscope combined with a scanning tunneling microscope for investigation of samples at room temperature in air. A high permeability probe needle was used as a magnetic flux guide to improve the spatial resolution. The probe with tip radius of less than 100 nm was prepared by microelectropolishing. The probe was also used as a scanning tunneling microscope tip. Topography of the sample surface could be measured by the scanning tunneling microscope with high spatial resolution. The SQUID probe microscope image could be observed while keeping the distance from the sample surface to the probe tip constant. We observed a topographic image and a magnetic image of Ni fine pattern and also a magnetically recorded hard disk.
The Use of a Phenyl Arsenoxide in the Treatment of Wuchereria Bancrofti Infection 1 (1948)

It has been shown (Otto and Maren, 1947) that the substituted phenyl arsenoxides as a group have a markedly lethal action in vitro against the microfilaria of both Dirofilaria immitis and Litomosoides carinii. In well tolerated doses several of them will regularly kill the adults of both these filariids in their respective hosts, the dog and the cotton rat. Of these arsenamide (p-[bis-(carboxymethyl-mercapto)-arsino]-benzamide; T.D.C. #970) kills all the adult worms of D. immitis in daily intravenous doses of 0.23 mgm. As. per kilogram for two weeks. However, such doses do not effect any immediate reduction in the microfilaria count.Arsenamide contains 20 per cent arsenic and is readily soluble as its sodium salt (Maren, 1946). We have used it as a 2 per cent solution buffered at approximately pH 7.0 and have found that it is stable when stored in amber vials.
Cationic polymerization of alkenes and heterocyclics. More similarities than differences (1992)

Abstract The cationic polymerization of alkenes and heterocyclics is compared in a critical way. After a brief introduction to the polymerizability of various monomers and efficiency of initiators, various active sites involved in propagation are discussed. They include covalent species, onium ions and carbenium ions of different degrees of association. Proportions and reactivities of these active sites are discussed for different monomers. Structure‐reactivity correlations for both systems are described. The construction of a general unifying theory of cationic polymerization is attempted, with peculiarities typical for each system pointed out.
Capture of carriers by impurity clouds in germanium nuclear-radiation detectors (1982)

A correlation between the intensity of low-angle scattering of CO/sub 2/ laser radiation by impurity clouds of radius a = 6--9 ..mu.. and with an average charge loss factor lambda-bar was observed in nuclear-radiation detectors made of high-purity germanium. The nature of this effect was explained by considering the interaction of an impurity cloud with carriers drifting in the electric field of the detector in the case of neutral, partly ionized, and fully ionized clouds. It was found that an impurity cloud is a macroscopic carrier trap; the sign of carriers which are trapped and the capture cross section are determined by the nature of the centers inside the cloud and by the degree of their ionization. If allowance is made for the amplitude spectrum of the detector, the concentration in impurity clouds, and the sign of the charge of the trapped carriers, it is found that the most probable mechanism of the charge losses in a detector is the trapping of holes by neutral donor centers forming clouds (clusters).
Experimental investigations of electron capture from atomic hydrogen and deuterium by alpha particles. Final report, September 15, 1984--September 14, 1993 (1994)

The authors have succeeded in making state-selective measurements of charge capture by doubly-ionized helium colliding with ground-state neutral helium atoms, but failed to achieve the primary goal, which was to investigate atomic hydrogen targets. They discuss a number of ancillary experiments and calculations of relevance for fusion energy production that they have done. Reprints and preprints of publications resulting from this work are contained in an appendix.
Telomere-related markers for the pseudoautosomal region of the mouse genome. (1992)

The pseudoautosomal (PA) region of the mammalian genome is the region of the X and Y chromosomes that shares extensive DNA sequence homology and is of special interest because it may play an essential role during male meiosis. We have identified three telomere-related restriction fragments from the PA region of the mouse genome, using an oligonucleotide probe composed of the mammalian telomere consensus sequence TTAGGG. PA assignment of two C57BL/6J-derived fragments was initially suggested by analysis of DNAs from progeny sired by C57BL/6J males carrying the rearranged Y chromosome, Y*: the hybridization intensity of both fragments was concordant with the sex-chromosome complement of the offspring. Further analysis indicated that both fragments were present in female and male F1, mice regardless of the sex of their C57BL/6J parent--a criterion for autosomal or PA linkage. Both fragments were closely linked to each other and located on the X chromosome distal to amelogenin (Amg)--in agreement with X or PA linkage. Confirmation of the PA derivation of these fragments was accomplished by following their segregation in a cross involving XY* males mated to DBA/2J females. A similar experiment identified a third PA-derived restriction fragment of LT/SvEi origin. Identification of PA-derived telomere-related restriction fragments will enable further genetic analysis of this region of the mouse genome.
Phase Diagram of Colloidal Solutions (1996)

The phase diagram of globular colloids is studied using a combined analytic and computational representation of the relevant chemical potentials. It is shown how the relative positions of the phase boundaries are related to the range of interaction and the number of contacts made per particle in the solid phase. The theory presented successfully describes the features of the phase diagrams observed in a wide variety of colloidal systems.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL RING BRIDGING REACTIONS INVOLVING ELEMENTAL SULFUR AND SELENIUM (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Dibrom‐cyclooctadien (I) erhält man mit Zink das Bicyclooctadien (II), das mit Schwefel und Selen zu den verbrückten Cyclooctadienen (III) führt.
Retinal Vascular Rescue of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy in Mice by Norrin (2012)

Modulation of Wnt-signaling improves retinal vascularization and accelerates vascular recovery after induction of retinopathy in the OIR mouse. Activation of Wnt-signaling (norrin) and inhibition of Wnt-canonical signaling (DKK1) result in similar improvement, indicating that norrin promotes improved vascularization, at least in part, by way of noncanonical Wnt-signaling.
Annihilator conditions on modules over commutative rings (2016)

Let [Formula: see text] be a commutative ring and [Formula: see text] an [Formula: see text]-module. Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] satisfies Property [Formula: see text] (respectively, Property [Formula: see text]) if for each finitely generated ideal [Formula: see text] (respectively, finitely generated submodule [Formula: see text]) ann[Formula: see text] (respectively, ann[Formula: see text]). The ring [Formula: see text] satisfies Property [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] does. We study rings and modules satisfying Property [Formula: see text] or Property [Formula: see text]. A number of examples are given, many using the method of idealization.
Identification of submerged vehicle dynamics through a generalized least squares method (1976)

This paper discuses the application of a generalized leaset-squares method for post-flighttest analysis of small submerged craft. Specifically, the purpose is to identify the transfer functions characterizing the longitudinal and lateral dynamics from exprimental data pertaining to appropriate maneuvers. The method utilizes a set of signals, called measurement signals, generated by processing the input-output variables by a cascade of know digital filters. An enginvector of the Gram matrix of the measurement signales yields, after a linear transformation, the estimated coefficients of the desired transfer function. The method offers the advantages of global minima and robustness of estimates relative to data noise.
Dynamics of the Acetyloxyl Radical Studied by Dissociative Photodetachment of the Acetate Anion (2004)

Photodetachment of the acetate anion, CH3CO2-, and the subsequent dissociation dynamics of the CH3CO2• radical were studied using photoelectron−photofragment coincidence spectroscopy at 355 and 257 nm. An upper limit to the adiabatic electron affinity (EA) of CH3CO2•, EA = 3.47 ± 0.01 eV was determined. Evidence for several low-lying electronic states of the CH3CO2• radical were observed in the photoelectron spectra. Most CH3CO2• radicals dissociated to CH3• + CO2 products with a large kinetic energy release (〈ET〉/Eavl = 0.72 for 355-nm excitation) and an anisotropic angular distribution (β ∼ 1.2), while ∼10% of CH3CO2• radicals were stable on the microsecond time scale at both wavelengths. Structured near-threshold photoelectron spectra at 355 nm were similar when photoelectrons were recorded in coincidence with either stable radicals or dissociation products, indicating a sequential dissociative photodetachment. Experiments were also carried out on CD3CO2- to aid in the interpretation of the photoelectron spectra and deduction of the dissociation mechanism.
DEVELOPMENT OF OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE TECHNIQUE IN WEB-BASED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT USING OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE (2014)

The shortest path routing is one of the well-known network analysis techniques implemented in road management systems. Pg Routing as an extension of Postgre SQL/Post GIS database is an open source library that implements the Dijkstra shortest path algorithm. However, the functionality to avoid obstacles in that analysis is still limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to enable obstacle avoidance function in the existing pgRouting algorithm using OpenStreetMap road network. By implementing this function, it enhances the Dijkstra algorithm ability in network analysis. In this study a dynamic restriction feature is added at the program level to represent the obstacles on the road. With this modification the algorithm is now able to generate an alternative route by avoiding the existence of obstacles on the roads. By using OpenLayers and PHP a web-based GIS platform was developed to ease the system's usability.
EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION OF LOW LOSS ISOTROPIC DNG MATERIALS. (2009)

Abstract not provided.
Relations of Scores on Children's Embedded Figures Test with Age, Item Difficulty and Internal Consistency (1997)

This study analyzes the Children's Embedded Figures Test by examining its internal consistency, test-retest reliability, the order of difficulty of the items, and the change of scores with age. Among the sample 337 boys and 287 girls who were between the ages of 6 and 11 years and in the first five grades of primary school scores increased significantly. The test presented moderate internal consistency (.86), and the test-retest reliability after one year was .63. The order of difficulty of the items did not coincide with the order proposed by the test's authors and varied from grade to grade, i.e., in the Tent series Item 4 and in the House series Item 5 were among the most difficult.
Optimization of single-walled carbon nanotube solubility by noncovalent PEGylation using experimental design methods (2011)

In this study, noncovalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with phospholipid-polyethylene glycols (Pl-PEGs) was performed to improve the solubility of SWCNTs in aqueous solution. Two kinds of PEG derivatives, ie, Pl-PEG 2000 and Pl-PEG 5000, were used for the PEGylation process. An experimental design technique (D-optimal design and second-order polynomial equations) was applied to investigate the effect of variables on PEGylation and the solubility of SWCNTs. The type of PEG derivative was selected as a qualitative parameter, and the PEG/SWCNT weight ratio and sonication time were applied as quantitative variables for the experimental design. Optimization was performed for two responses, aqueous solubility and loading efficiency. The grafting of PEG to the carbon nanostructure was determined by thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Aqueous solubility and loading efficiency were determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and measurement of free amine groups, respectively. Results showed that Pl-PEGs were grafted onto SWCNTs. Aqueous solubility of 0.84 mg/mL and loading efficiency of nearly 98% were achieved for the prepared Pl-PEG 5000-SWCNT conjugates. Evaluation of functionalized SWCNTs showed that our noncovalent functionalization protocol could considerably increase aqueous solubility, which is an essential criterion in the design of a carbon nanotube-based drug delivery system and its biodistribution.
The interaction of bovine factor V and factor V-derived peptides with phospholipid vesicles. (1983)

The binding of bovine Factor V, isolated Factor Va, and isolated activation intermediates to single bilayer phospholipid vesicles was studied by light scattering. The vesicles composed of 25% phosphatidylserine and 75% phosphatidylcholine had a mean radius of approximately 163 A as determined by quasi-elastic light scattering. When these vesicles were saturated with Factor V, the radii increased by approximately 120 A in both 0.15 and 1 M NaCl. At saturation, about 35 molecules of Factor V and 141 molecules of Factor Va were bound to each vesicle. Studies of the binding of Factor V and Factor Va at various ionic strengths showed little change in either Kd or n, suggesting that the binding is not electrostatic. The dissociation constants (Kd) and the lipid to protein ratios at saturation, moles/mol (n), obtained by relative light scattering intensities were: Factor V (Kd = 4.3 X 10(-8) M, n = 214); isolated Factor Va (Kd = 1.7 X 10(-7) M, n = 57); component B, Mr = 205,000 (Kd = 1.8 X 10(-7) M, n = 140); component C, Mr = 150,000 (Kd = 7.0 X 10(-7) M, n = 136); component D, Mr = 94,000 (no binding could be demonstrated); component E, Mr = 74,000 (Kd = 3.8 X 10(-7) M, n = 42). The results presented here indicate that the lower Kd exhibited by Factor V compared to Factor Va (components D and E) is primarily due to the interaction present within the component C portion of the molecule which is destroyed when component C is further cleaved to give component D. The interactions responsible for the binding of Factor Va are expressed in component E as well as in its precursor peptide component B. Dissociation of components D and E by the addition of EDTA indicate that component E alone is responsible for the interaction of bovine Factor Va with phospholipid.
Estimates of the hydrologic impact of drilling water on core samples taken from partially saturated densely welded tuff (1987)

The purpose of this work is to determine the extent to which drill water might be expected to be imbibed by core samples taken from densely welded tuff. In a related experimental study conducted in G-Tunnel, drill water imbibition by the core samples was observed to be minimal. Calculations were carried out with the TOUGH code with the intent of corroborating the imbibition observations. Due to the absence of hydrologic data pertaining directly to G-Tunnel welded tuff, it was necessary to apply data from a similar formation. Because the moisture retention curve was not available for imbibition conditions, the drainage curve was applied to the model. The poor agreement between the observed and calculated imbibition data is attributed primarily to the inappropriateness of the drainage curve. Also significant is the value of absolute permeability (k) assumed in the model. Provided that the semi-log plot of the drainage and imbibition moisture retention curves are parallel within the saturation range of interest, a simple relationship exists between the moisture retention curve, k, and porosity ({phi}) which are assumed in the model and their actual values. If k and {phi} are known, we define the hysteresis factor {lambda} to be the ratio of the imbibition and drainage suction pressures for any saturation within the range of interest. If k and {phi} are unknown, {lambda} also accounts for the uncertainties in their values. Both the experimental and modeling studies show that drill water imbibition by the core has a minimal effect on its saturation state. 22 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
3. Introduction to electronic telecommunication (1993)

Electronic telecommunication (networking) is a complex, and growing field in computer technology. It allows the user to link up with a more powerful machine such as a mainframe, exchange information through a Bulletin Board Service (BBS), access a remote database (on-line service), or send electronic mail (E-mail). This basic guide explains the main concepts, and how to get started.
Control, by microbial seed treatment, of dampingoff caused by<i>Pythium</i>sp. on canola, safflower, dry pea, and sugar beet (2003)

Indoor and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of seed treatment with strains of rhizosphere bacteria collected from southern and central Alberta for control of damping-off of sugar beet, canola, safflower, and dry pea caused by Pythium sp. Indoor experiments showed that 12 strains of rhizobacteria, including Pseudomonas fluorescens (708, 1-2, 1105, 1809, 2106, and 2202), Bacillus cereus PS1, Bacillus megaterium SB6, Arthrobacter sp. 2101, Pantoea agglomerans (909, 2-2), and Erwinia rhapontici A123, were effective in controlling damping-off of sugar beet. These strains varied in their ability to suppress mycelial growth of Pythium sp. group G, in vitro, and in their ability to secrete extracellular protease. Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens (708, 1-2, 2202), B. cereus PS1, E. rhapontici A123, and Pantoea agglomerans 2-2 were effective seed-treatment agents for control of damping-off of canola, safflower, dry pea, and sugar beet in fields naturally infested with Pythium spp., although there were some differences in efficacy among the strains for each of the crops. Seed treatment with combination of Pseudomonas fluorescens 708, B. cereus PS1, or E. rhapontici A123 and the fungicide Thiram™ did not improve dry pea emergence compared with the fungicide control under field conditions.