gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quality Characteristic of Drink and Tea-Bag Processed with Safflower Seed Powder (2000)

Drink and tea-bag were processed with safflower seed powder. Drinks were processed with 90C hot water extraction. Yield, soluble solid, pH and centrifugation residue of drinks were ranged in 79.2~89.3%, 0.6~0.99%, 5.98~6.40 and 1.00~1.18, respectively. Sensory score of overall acceptance in drinks were highest at that of enzyme treated drink. Tea-bag was processed with roasted safflower seed powder, alone(1.2g) and the mixtured tea-bags were consisted of persimmon leaves, pine needle and angelica gigas powder in same amount, respectively. Teas were prepared with extraction at 80C water for 2 min. Soluble solid and sensory evaluation score of teas were the highest when the tea was processed with safflower seed alone.
Binding of Vibrio cholera Toxin and the Heat-labile Enterotoxin of Escherichia coli to GM1, Derivatives of GM1, and Nonlipid Oligosaccharide Polyvalent Ligands (1989)

Vibrio cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli have been shown to differ somewhat in their ligand specificity and in the antigenicity of their binding sites. Therefore, the components of the oligosaccharide portion of GM1 bound by cholera toxin and the heat-labile enterotoxin of E. coli were identified by determining the concentration of GM1, derivatives of GM1, oligosaccharide isolated from GM1, or clustered oligosaccharide needed to inhibit toxin binding to GM1-coated plastic wells. The KIs for GM1, the C(7) sialosyl alcohol [corrected] of GM1, and ethanolamine-sialosyl-GM1 were similar (approximately 30-50 nM) for both toxins. N-Deacetylation of GM1 resulted in a small increase in KI; formation of the sialosyl methyl ester increased the KI 2-5 fold; loss of the terminal galactosyl residue (GM2) increased the KI by 10-15-fold; and removal of the sialosyl moiety (asialo-GM1) resulted in loss of inhibition of both toxins. Oligosaccharide isolated from GM1 had a KI for both toxins that was approximately 100-fold greater than that obtained for GM1 and approximately 1000-fold greater than that for a clustered oligosaccharide derivative having an average of 8 oligosaccharide residues (isolated from GM1) per molecule of poly-L-lysine. These results indicate that both toxins are functionally quite similar in their recognition of GM1 as a ligand in that each requires the free carboxyl group of sialic acid for optimum binding, does not need carbons 8 and 9 of the sialosyl moiety nor the acetyl groups associated with the sialic acid and galactosamine residues, and can have its binding to GM1 blocked by a nonlipid compound, i.e. oligo-GM1-poly-L-lysine.
Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Diagnosis and Management. (2017)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, also referred to as diastolic heart failure, causes almost one-half of the 5 million cases of heart failure in the United States. It is more common among older patients and women, and results from abnormalities of active ventricular relaxation and passive ventricular compliance, leading to a decline in stroke volume and cardiac output. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction should be suspected in patients with typical symptoms (e.g., fatigue, weakness, dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, edema) and signs (S3 heart sound, displaced apical pulse, and jugular venous distension) of chronic heart failure. Echocardiographic findings of normal ejection fraction with impaired diastolic function confirm the diagnosis. Measurement of natriuretic peptides is useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in the ambulatory setting. Multiple trials have not found medications to be an effective treatment, except for diuretics. Patients with congestive symptoms should be treated with a diuretic. If hypertension is present, it should be treated according to evidence-based guidelines. Exercise and treatment by multidisciplinary teams may be helpful. Atrial fibrillation should be treated using a rate-control strategy and appropriate anticoagulation. Revascularization should be considered for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and coronary artery disease. The prognosis is comparable to that of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and is worsened by higher levels of brain natriuretic peptide, older age, a history of myocardial infarction, and reduced diastolic function.
Predicting protein domain interactions from coevolution of conserved regions (2007)

The knowledge of protein and domain interactions provide crucial insights into their function within a cell. Several computational methods have been proposed to detect interactions between proteins and their constitutive domains. In this work, we focus on approaches based on correlated evolution (coevolution) of sequences of interacting proteins. In this type of approach, often referred to as the mirrortree method, a high correlation of evolutionary histories of two proteins is used as an indicator to predict protein interactions. Recently, it has been observed that subtracting the underlying speciation process by separating coevolution due to common speciation divergence from that due to common function of interacting pairs greatly improves the predictive power of the mirrortree approach. In this article, we investigate possible improvements and limitations of this method. In particular, we demonstrate that the performance of the mirrortree method that can be further improved by restricting the coevolution analysis to the relatively conserved regions in the protein domain sequences (disregarding highly divergent regions). We provide a theoretical validation of our results leading to new insights into the interplay between coevolution and speciation of interacting proteins.
Nuclear Glass Durability: New Insight into Alteration Layer Properties (2011)

We have performed TEM, Raman microspectroscopy, and NanoSIMS characterization of borosilicate glass samples altered for nearly 26 years at 90 °C in a confined granitic medium in order to better understand the rate-limiting mechanisms under conditions representative of a deep geological repository for vitrified radioactive waste. For the first time, we show a thick interphase that behaves like a diffusion barrier between the pristine glass and the other alteration products (porous gel and crystalline phases). Our findings indicate that the glass undergoes two distinct irreversible reactions: (i) hydration of the pristine glass controlled by water diffusion with a diffusion coefficient of 2 × 10–21 m2/s and (ii) transformation of the hydrated glass into a macroporous gel with major structural changes. Both materials are nonstoichiometric and metastable. A final reversible reaction leads to the formation of crystalline phases that consume elements forming the gel layer and the hydrated glass. All these reactions must be combined in a model to predict long-term rates of nuclear glass in natural environments.
Detection and Severity Assessment of Faults in Gear Boxes from Stress Wave Capture and Analysis (2001)

Many faults in gearboxes are accompanied by the emission of stress waves that disperse away from the initiation site at the speed of sound in metal. The wave propagation introduce a propagating ripple on the surface which will introduce a response, output, in a sensor sensing absolute motion such as an accelerometer. For an accelerometer at a fixed location, the wave propagation will be a reasonable short-term transient event lasting on the order of fractional to several milliseconds. The duration of the event will be dependent on (1) type of event e.g., stress waves from impacting will last longer than stress waves accompanying the release of residual stress buildup through fatigue cracking, (2) relative location of the sensor (accelerometer) to the initiation site, and (3) severity of the fault responsible for the stress wave emission. For a healthy smooth running machine (gearbox), there generally will be no stress waves present. Therefore their presence is indicative of a defect which generates stress waves. Some common defects which generate stress waves are pitting in the races causing the rollers to impact, fatigue cracking in bearing raceways or gear teeth (generally at root), scuffing or scoring on gear teeth, cracked gear teeth, and others. The challenge becomes one of detecting and quantifying relative to energy and repetition rate (or lack thereof) the stress wave activity. This leads to the identification of certain faults and, with experience their severity. The methodology employed by CSI per the capture and analysis of stress waves are to collect a block of data consisting of peak values (in g's) which occur within discrete sequential equal time intervals determined by the resolution sufficient to identify faults. The number of time intervals over which peak values are collected are consistent with that needed to invoke spectral analysis for the desired resolution and spectral band width.
In vitro susceptibilities of zygomycetes to conventional and new antifungals (2002)

In vitro susceptibilities of 36 zygomycete isolates, belonging to six genera, to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine were determined by using a broth microdilution adaptation of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M-38P reference method. The influence of incubation time on MIC values, and the performance of a spectrophotometric method for MIC determination in comparison with the visual reference method, were also evaluated. Amphotericin B was active against most of the isolates. All the isolates were highly resistant to 5-fluorocytosine (MICs > 256 mg/L). Voriconazole was significantly less active than the other drugs with an overall MIC(90) (MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited) of 32 mg/L. In contrast, posaconazole showed good activity (MIC(90) 1 mg/L). A wide range of MICs, from 0.03 to > or =32 mg/L, was obtained for itraconazole and terbinafine. Differences in susceptibility between and within genera were noted. Rhizopus spp. were significantly less susceptible to itraconazole, posaconazole, terbinafine and amphotericin B than Absidia spp., and less susceptible than Mucor spp. to amphotericin B. Terbinafine appeared to be more active against Rhizopus microsporus than against Rhizopus oryzae (geometric mean MIC of 0.15 and 64 mg/L, respectively). The activity of the drugs was dependent on the incubation period. A significant increase in MICs was noted between 24 and 48 h of incubation. On the other hand, the two methods used for MIC determination (visual and spectrophotometric readings) showed good agreement. These results suggest that the zygomycetes are a heterogeneous group for antifungal susceptibility. Some of the conventional and new antifungals are effective in vitro; their efficacies in vivo remain to be determined. The spectrophotometric method appears to be a valuable alternative to the visual method for MIC determination for zygomycetes.
Therapeutic efficacy and significance of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab for age-related macular degeneration with subfoveal scarring and active lesion (2017)

Background
Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is a primary approach to the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD), but whether it is necessary for wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion to receive the intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is in dispute.


Objective
This study was to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab on wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion.


Methods
The clinical data of the patients with wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion were retrospectively analyzed, including 89 eyes of 89 cases who received diagnoses and treatments in Second Hospital of Yunnan Province from February 2013 to May 2015.Sixty-eight patients who received intravitreal injections of ranibizumab were treated group, and 21 patients who received clinical observations only served as the untreated group.Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab was carried out following the 3+ prn principle, and all of the patients were followed-up for 6-24 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the patients were examined with ETDRS chart.The fundus findings was examined by fundus color photography and fundus fluoresceinangiography (FFA). The subjective assessment of visual improvements was obtained from each patient, and the recession of retinal active lesions was assessed by OCT, including the absorbing state of subretinal fluid, the change of central retinal thickness (CRT) and subfoveal scarring.


Results
The mean injection times were (4.1±1.2) for each eye.The BCVA at the end of following-up was evidently improved in both groups, and no significant difference was found among various time points (P>0.05). However, the patient rate of BCVA improvement was 69.12% in the treated group, which was signnificantly higher than 28.58% of the untreated group (P=0.016). In the treated group, subretinal fluid was gradually absorbed in all eyes in the treating duration, however, in the untreated group, the fluid was completely absorbed in 7 eyes, unchanged in 8 eyes and increased in 6 eyes.The CRT reduced by (220.16±34.76)μm in treated group, and that in the untreated group was (101.56±31.59)μm, showing significant difference between them (P=0.004). The patient rate of perceived improvement of vision was 91.12% and 42.85% in the treated group and untreated group respectively, with significant difference between the two groups (P=0.008).


Conclusions
Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab can make active lesion recess in end-stage wAMD with subfoveal scarring and active lesion and improve the life quality of the patients.


Key words: 
Ranibizumab; Wet macular degeneration/complications; Cicatrix/surgery; Antibodies, monoclonal, humanized; Tomography, optical coherence; Visual acuity; Intravitreal injections; Retrospective studied
Implementation of a new blood cooler insert and tracking technology with educational initiatives and its effect on reducing red blood cell wastage (2017)

The implementation of new blood cooler inserts, tracking system, and educational initiatives substantially reduced the mean annual total RBC wastage. The cost to implement this initiative may be small if there is an existing institutional infrastructure to monitor and track hospital equipment into which the blood bank intervention can be adapted when compared to the cost of blood wastage.
Barriers to Open Source ERP Adoption in South Africa (2014)

Organizations in South Africa (SA) and other economically developing countries are not maximizing the use of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems. While the costs associated with an ERP system implementation have always been a major factor to many organizations, Open Source Software (OSS) ERP systems are available offering the benefits of an ERP system at a reduced cost to organizations. This paper investigates the adoption factors of Open Source Software Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in economically developing countries by focusing on South African organizations. Using online surveys and a focus group discussion, this empirical study found that knowledge barriers, the lack of sizable providers (or vendors), and ironically low costs, are the adoption barriers that apply to OSS ERP systems for South African organizations. The research further suggests that many of the adoption barriers traditionally associated with OSS might be inherent to all software. The possibility of low costs being a barrier is a novel idea that was identified in this research, and further research to explore this idea is suggested. Understanding the dynamics of the market requirements is crucial for OSS ERP vendors to be able to develop effective strategies. OSS ERP vendors and OSS vendors in general can use this study as a starting point to question some traditionally held notions regarding the OSS business model.
Identifier Management and Resolution: conforming the IEEE Standard for Learning Object Metadata (2008)

Uniform Resource Identifiers are an integral part of the current Architecture of the World Wide Web. This work analyzes the implications and possibilities of using Universal Resource Names as unique and persistent identifiers in systems for management of decentralized content and federated collections. Particularly, discussion focuses on applying such identifiers on the context of a learning object repository that the authors are developing at Universidad Nacional del Litoral, according to the IEEE 1484.12.1 standard for Learning Object Metadata. It is explained why Uniform Resource Locators are inadequate, and why Universal Resource Names are preferable. A standardized resolution service over Hypertext Transfer Protocol is recommended for locating resources, and usage of Uniform Resource Characteristics for accessing Learning Object Metadata is proposed. Finally, a content-negotiation mechanism for selecting the best representation among several format or language variants is outlined. The proposed naming schema provides a doubleindirection mechanism, comparable to the Human- Friendly Names approach proposed by Ballintijn, van Steen, and Tanenbaum for improving scalability and usability in naming replicated resources.
<i>Stored Program Controlled Network</i>: NO. 1/1A ESS-SPC Network Capabilities and Signaling Architecture (1982)

The No. 1/1A Electronic Switching System (ESS) will play an important role in the evolving Stored Program Controlled (SPC) Network because, as a major electronic switching system for local and combined local/toll service, it provides direct interfaces to many of the Bell System's customers. It provides important capabilities required for System 800 Service and for a variety of other new SPC network services. This paper describes several of the basic SPC network capabilities provided by the No. 1/1A ESS. It also describes the architecture and implementation of its common-channel interoffice signaling (CCIS) subsystem, CCIS call-processing software, and System 800 software.
Perioperative monitoring of neuromuscular transmission using acceleromyography prevents residual neuromuscular block following pancuronium (1995)

The frequency of postoperative residual neuromuscular block following the use of the long-acting non-depolarizing muscle relaxants is high, and manual evaluation of the response to nerve stimulation does not eliminate the problem. In this prospective and randomized study we evaluated the hypothesis that perioperative use of acceleromyography would allow for a more rational and precise administration of the long-acting muscle relaxant pancuronium resulting in a decrease in 1) the incidence and severity of postoperative residual neuromuscular block, 2) the amount of pancuronium used, and 3) the time from end of surgery to tracheal extubation. Forty adult patients were randomized into two groups, one managed without the use of a nerve stimulator, the other monitored using train-of-four (TOF) nerve stimulation and acceleromyography. All patients were anaesthetized with diazepam, fentanyl, thiopentone, nitrous oxide, and in some patients halothane, and they all received pancuronium 0.08-0.1 mg kg-1 for tracheal intubation, and 1-2 mg for maintenance of neuromuscular block. Neostigmine 2.5 mg preceded by atropine 1 mg was administered for reversal. In the patients managed without a nerve stimulator, the trachea was extubated when the anaesthetist judged the neuromuscular function to have recovered adequately for upper airway protection and spontaneous ventilation. In patients monitored with acceleromyography, the trachea was extubated when the TOF ratio was above 0.70. In all 40 patients, TOF ratio was measured using mechanomyography immediately after tracheal extubation and the patients were evaluated for clinical signs of residual neuromuscular block.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Locating the Largest Word in a File Using a Modified Memory (1961)

Three algorithms are presented. One deals with locating the largest word in a file. The second and third deal with locating words greater or less than an arbitrary 2 ~. The algorithms use a memory that can read out a given bit of all words with one operation. With the first algorithm a time gain over a conventional system can be obtained equal to the quotient of the number of words divided by the number of bits.
High efficiency high integration green converter (2009)

A novel high efficiency high integration green converter with on-chip power switch and on-chip current sensing technique was proposed in this paper. By adopting PWM/BURST multi-mode operation, its conversion efficiency is enhanced over the entire load range. Using it, the light-load and standby power dissipation of modern portable products powered by batteries is reduced, which results in prolonging their standby time and battery lifetime. The green converter was designed and fabricated in 1.5µm BCD (Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS) technology. The test results show that all expected performances are successfully achieved.
Sensitivity in Weibull System Reliability Models (2005)

Sensitivity of a Weibull distribution based model of complex-system reliability is investigated analytically and numerically. The complex system modeled is a central processing unit product. The types of sensitivity examined are that of the reliability model to erroneous parameter estimates, to improvements or degradations in component performance, and to variations in equipment utilization. In each case, the focus is upon the early life of the equipment. It is found that only the equipment utilization variations produce substantial model sensitivity.
Female Strength and Neuromuscular Response Time: A Review (1994)

There are an abundant number of published studies in which the authors state that post-pubertal men are stronger, faster and more powerful and therefore more proficient than women in many motor skills. The topics of strength and neuromuscular response time are phenomena that have been used in the past as bases for the rationalization that women do not have the physical characteristics that are essential requirements for front-line work as soldiers, firepersons, police officers and construction workers, and also that they are not as proficient as men in other occupations. This paper is a review of physiological and performance data that have contributed to our knowledge base in the areas of strength and neuromuscular response times of women. In addition, data regarding the deterioration of these parameters that occur with aging and the potential determent of this deterioration as a consequence of a lifetime of activity will be considered. Finally, a suggestion will be made that female and male data should be analyzed and reported in ways that eliminate genetic characteristics which bias the data.