gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First spaceborne observation of an Earth‐reflected GPS signal (2002)

We present the first spaceborne observation of a Global Positioning System (GPS) signal reflected from the Earth's surface, specifically from the Pacific Ocean. This result is scaled to obtain the expected voltage signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and altimetric accuracy for a generic GPS reflections altimetry mission and the current SAC‐C and CHAMP missions. Cross‐correlating a three‐parameter phase model with both a 1‐s and 4‐s segment of spaceborne imaging radar‐C (SIR‐C) calibration data, recorded before and after a Galapagos Islands imaging pass, results in beam‐limited signals having voltage SNRs of 10 and 334, respectively. Evidence for these results being reflected GPS signals includes: (1) The signals' temporal shapes agree closely with that predicted using a detailed scattering model, at two different observation geometries, and differ significantly from the expected direct signal shapes. (2) The signal in the 4‐s data has a measured coherence time of 1.0 ms, which agrees closely with that expected for a reflected signal and is completely inconsistent with the direct signal's coherence properties. (3) The 1‐ and 4‐s signals' voltage SNR is maximized by shifting the model frequency −2740 Hz and 497 Hz, respectively from that expected from their respective specular reflection points, or −2875 Hz and 690 Hz from the expected direct signal frequencies. These values agree with the −2900 Hz and 510 Hz Doppler frequency shifts expected from those points on the surface corresponding to the antenna's pointing direction, thus illustrating beam‐steering effects on the surface. (4) Plausible hypotheses for the detected waveform being a corrupted direct signal, including second‐order mismodeling effects, shuttle multipath effects, or a band‐pass cutoff of the GPS spread spectrum, are shown to be inconsistent with the data. Space‐based observations of reflected GPS signals, like the ones presented here, may enable a new class of ocean topography measurements unavailable from traditional altimeters, such as TOPEX/Poseidon, and perhaps surface wind vector measurements. Making such observations with sufficient SNR will require unusually large, high‐gain antennas. The measurement presented here is scaled to assess the expected SNR for those applications. Because this result lies in a nonlinear scaling regime, the correct scaling equations are presented, and the expected signal strength from a generic GPS reflections altimetry mission is derived to illustrate the most important contributions to the signal SNR. An SNR estimate is also derived for the SAC‐C and CHAMP missions, which are expected to make GPS reflection measurements in the near future. Finally, a qualitative wind speed determination is extracted from the observed signal.
Bone Marrow Stroma-Produced TGF-beta1 Confers Chemoresistance of Leukemic Cells. (2006)

Abstract TGF-beta1 is secreted at high levels by bone marrow stromal cells and osteoblasts, however its role in leukemia/stroma interactions is unknown. We investigated the effects of TGF-beta1 on survival and proliferation of human monoblastic U937 cells. First, the production of TGF-beta1 by bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and by U937 cells was analyzed by ELISA. U937 cells secreted approximately 0.1 ng/ml of TGF-beta, while TGF-beta1 level was over 20-fold higher in MSC conditioned medium (2.1±1.7 ng/ml at 72 hours). When U937 cells were co-cultured with MSC, TGFbeta concentration was 2.2±0.2 ng/ml. Hence, we selected 2 ng/ml concentration of recombinant TGF-beta to examine the effects on survival and proliferation of U937 cells exposed to chemotherapy or serum starvation. TGF-beta1 significantly reduced Ara-C or serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis of U937 cells in particular when U937 cells were co-cultured with MSCs (AnnexinV(+)%;U937 alone, control 34.5±8.4, TGF-beta1 18.4±4.5, Ara-C 88.6±3.0, Ara-C/TGF-beta1 60.4±8.0, p=0.04; U937 co-cultured with MSC, control 19.4±2.8, TGF-beta1 3.5±1.0, Ara-C 69.0±3.6, Ara-C+TGF-beta1 24.9±3.3, p=0.01). Treatment with rhTGF-beta1 also enhanced percentage of cells in G0/1 cell cycle phase hence promoting quiescence (G0/G1 phase; control 50.1±6.7, TGF-beta1 63.8±5.5, p=0.04). Most importantly, inhibition of TGF-beta1 by neutralizing antibody (TGF-NA) significantly diminished the pro-survival effects of rhTGF-beta1 in serum-deprived U937 cells co-cultured with MSC (AnnexinV(+)%; U937 alone, control 27.9±9.0, TGF-beta1 20.1±3.3, TGF-NA 21.8±2.2, TGF-beta1+ TGF-NA 18.9±4.1; U937 co-cultured with MSC, control 22.2±1.9, TGF-beta1 10.9±2.5, TGF-NA 29.6±5.1, TGF-beta1+ TGF-NA 20.2±0.9, p&lt;0.001). Dissection of molecular mechanisms demonstrated that TGF-beta1 induced anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression in U937 cells. Furthermore, concomitant exposure of U937 cells to rhTGF-beta1 in MSC co-cultures results in activation of AKT signaling and pro-survival phosphorylation of Bcl-2, implicating their role in anti-apoptotic effects of TGF-beta1. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TGF-beta1 secreted by BM stroma cells promotes survival of U937 cells and confers chemoresistance of leukemic cells within the bone marrow microenvironment. Since small molecule inhibitors of TGF-beta signaling are undergoing final steps of pre-clinical development, this approach may represent a viable strategy to enhance efficacy of chemotherapy in AML.
Quaternary LCZ Sequences Constructed From m-Sequences (2004)

In this paper, given a composite integer n, we propose a method of constructing quaternary low correlation zone(LCZ) sequences of period 2n− 1 from binary m-sequences of the same length. The correlation distribution of these new quaternary LCZ sequences is derived.
Differences of 18F-FDG PET tumor texture parameters according to the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (2015)

1393 Objectives We evaluated the differences of 18F-FDG PET tumor texture parameters according to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (+) and EGFR mutation (-). Methods A total of 58 patients with AJCC stage Ⅰ to Ⅲ NSCLC (29 SqCC, 29 Adc) were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT. To analyze the conventional PET parameters, the maximum SUV (SUVmax), the metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and the total lesion glycolysis (TLG) of the primary tumor at the cutoff SUV of 2.5 were respectively measured. For the texture analyses of PET images, we chose a transverse PET slice containing SUVmax and manually drew the region of interest (ROI) including the tumor region with SUV > 2.5. Then First- (skewness, kurtosis) and second-order (contrast, entropy) texture analyses were performed using MaZda software v.4.6. The most useful texture parameters to predict the EGFR mutation were selected among conventional and texture PET parameters, respectively, on the basis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Differences of these selected parameters between EGFR mutation (+) and EGFR mutation (-) groups were tested using t-test. Correlations between these 2 parameters were also evaluated. Results Thirteen of fifty-eight patients (22.4%) had tumors with positive EGFR mutation (2 squamous cell carcinoma, 11 adenocarcinoma). Among the conventional PET parameters, SUVmax best predicted EGFR mutation (AUC=0.655, p = 0.0670). Among the texture parameters, entropy best predicted EGFR mutation (AUC=0.638, p = 0.1556). SUVmax was significantly higher in EGFR mutation (-) group than in EGFR mutation (+) group (mean: 11.5 vs 8.9, p Conclusions Both SUVmax and entropy were significantly higher in EGFR mutation (-) NSCLC than in EGFR mutation (+) NSCLC.
Nationality and Registration of Aircraft Operated by International Operating Agencies and Article 77 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, 1944 (1967)

The desire of many new states to have international air services of their own in an era of high-cost aircraft is imposing great pressure on traditional concepts of nationality and registration of aircraft. It has long been held that civil aircraft must have a nationality, that they must be registered in a state and that they must have the nationality of the state of registry. As the plan of the new states concerned is to have the international air services in question furnished through international operating agencies established by them and owning aircraft registered on other than a national basis, it is not surprising that this plan is currently the object of serious study. In particular, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has established a legal subcommittee to study problems of nationality and registration of aircraft of international operating agencies arising in relation to the application of Article 77 of the Convention on International Civil Aviation, opened for signature at Chicago on December 7, 1944.
Intense Red Catho- and Photoluminescence from 200 nm Thick Samarium Doped Amorphous AlN Thin Films (2009)

Samarium (Sm) doped aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films are deposited on silicon (100) substrates at 77 K by rf magnetron sputtering method. Thick films of 200 nm are grown at 100-200 watts RF power and 5-8 m Torr nitrogen, using a metal target of Al with Sm. X-ray diffraction results show that films are amorphous. Cathodoluminescence (CL) studies are performed and four peaks are observed in Sm at 564, 600, 648, and 707 nm as a result of (4)G(5/2) --> (6)H(5/2), (4)G(5/2) --> (6)H(7/2), (4)G(5/2) --> (6)H(9/2), and (4)G(5/2) --> (6)H(11/2) transitions. Photoluminescence (PL) provides dominant peaks at 600 and 707 nm while CL gives the intense peaks at 600 nm and 648 nm, respectively. Films are thermally activated at 1,200 K for half an hour in a nitrogen atmosphere. Thermal activation enhances the intensity of luminescence.
Somatostatin receptor 2 expression in nasopharyngeal cancer is induced by Epstein Barr virus infection: impact on prognosis, imaging and therapy (2021)

Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), endemic in Southeast Asia, lacks effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Even in high-income countries the 5-year survival rate for stage IV NPC is less than 40%. Here we report high somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) expression in multiple clinical cohorts comprising 402 primary, locally recurrent and metastatic NPCs. We show that SSTR2 expression is induced by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) via the NF-κB pathway. Using cell-based and preclinical rodent models, we demonstrate the therapeutic potential of SSTR2 targeting using a cytotoxic drug conjugate, PEN-221, which is found to be superior to FDA-approved SSTR2-binding cytostatic agents. Furthermore, we reveal significant correlation of SSTR expression with increased rates of survival and report in vivo uptake of the SSTR2-binding <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTA-peptide radioconjugate in PET-CT scanning in a clinical trial of NPC patients (NCT03670342). These findings reveal a key role in EBV-associated NPC for SSTR2 in infection, imaging, targeted therapy and survival.
HIV rapid testing in community and outreach sites: results of a nationwide demonstration project in Italy (2018)

Our project showed that the offering of an HIV rapid testing program in community and outreach settings in Italy is feasible and that it may reach people who have never been tested before, while having a significant yield in terms of new HIV diagnoses as well.
Inventory of available data and data sources and proposal for data collection on vector‐borne zoonoses in animals (2012)

Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATIONS ON POTASSIUM AND RUBIDIUM URANATES (1977)

Abstract Es werden systematische phasenanalytische Untersuchungen der Systeme K‐U‐Ound Rb‐U‐Odurchgeführt.
Birth Defects Among Fetuses and Infants of US Women With Evidence of Possible Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy (2016)

Among pregnant women in the United States with completed pregnancies and laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika infection, 6% of fetuses or infants had evidence of Zika-associated birth defects, primarily brain abnormalities and microcephaly, whereas among women with first-trimester Zika infection, 11% of fetuses or infants had evidence of Zika-associated birth defects. These findings support the importance of screening pregnant women for Zika virus exposure.
Fundamental flame spread and toxicity evaluation of fire retarded polymers (2014)

A simple method is developed for characterizing the fire performance and toxicity of polymers using basically three but up to five parameters if necessary. The first parameter is related to fire spread and growth (corresponding to UL-94 and the FIGRA of SBI), the second parameter is the smoke yield (corresponding to the SMOGRA of SBI), the third parameter is the inefficiency of combustion (related to unburned hydrocarbon compounds and their toxicity as verified by tube furnace measurements), the fourth parameter is the mass of residue remaining and the fifth parameter is a heat release parameter for thermally thin conditions (the maximum mass loss rate in TGA multiplied by the effective heat of combustion deduced from the Cone Calorimeter tests). The developed methodology was used to compare brominated and halogen free fire retardants in formulations of PBT, PA66, PPE/HIPS and PC/ABS. It is confirmed that the studied environmentally friendly alternatives to brominated fire retardants offer comparable fire performance with lower toxicity.
Familial Hyperbilirubinemia in Friedreich's Ataxia (1978)

SUMMARY: The combined metabolic stresses of fasting and the intravenous injection of 50 mg nicotinic acid in Friedreich's ataxia resulted in the delineation of two sub-groups of responses. High bilirubin ataxics maintained abnormally elevated levels of bilirubin, while normal bilirubin ataxics behaved like the normal control group. It is postulated that this finding infers the possible linkage of the gene for Friedreich's ataxia and that for Gilbert's disease.
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease as a cause of severe pulmonary hypertension in a dog (2018)

This case report confirms that PVOD should be a diagnostic consideration in dogs presenting with dyspnea and unexplained PH. In the present case, no casual genetic mutations known to be involved in humans with PVOD and PAH were found.
Prediction of pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in urothelial cancer by genetic determinants of platinum sensitivity. (2013)

290 Background: Despite level 1 evidence demonstrating survival benefit for cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy in urothelial cancer, its utilization remains low, likely due to the modest benefit and potentially significant toxicities. To improve selection of patients (pts) most likely to benefit, we evaluated the association of pharmacogenomic markers of cisplatin sensitivity with neoadjuvant therapy outcome. Methods: Pts receiving standard neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy for muscle-invasive disease were recruited to provide a germline DNA sample. Nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) selected for their associations with platinum sensitivity in various clinical and pre-clinical studies were tested for association with complete pathologic response (pT0) rate at cystectomy. Results: Sixty-three Caucasian pts were analyzed (median age=64; 67% male; all bladder primary and cN0). The overall pT0 rate was 27%; 52% were <pT2. Using a multivariate, recessive genetic model, rs244898 in RARS (odds ratio [OR] 6.8 [95% CI 1.6-32.6], P=0.01) and rs7937567 in GALNTL4 (OR 5.2 [95% CI 1.1-26.2], P=0.03) were associated with likelihood of achieving pT0. For each SNP, pts carrying the favorable genotype achieved pT0 in >58% of cases. Demonstrating the apparent independent nature of the two SNPs, pts carrying either favorable genotype had pT0 OR=8.5 (95% CI 2.5-31.8, P=0.0008). The combined effect of detecting both SNPs was most informative, as 2/3 pts with both favorable genotypes achieved pT0 (67%), compared to 9/15 pts with one favorable genotype (60%), and only 6/43 lacking both favorable genotypes (14%). The negative predictive value considering both SNPs was 86%. Conclusions: Two germline SNPs having prior evidence of governing platinum sensitivity in pre-clinical and clinical models were demonstrated to confer strong associations with complete response to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Validation testing in an independent, multi-institutional cohort of urothelial cancer pts is underway. If reproducible, these SNPs deserve consideration as predictive clinical biomarkers to inform the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in this disease.
Geothermal Anomalies in Western Trans-Pecos Texas: ABSTRACT (1981)

Several major geothermal anomalies are present in Trans-Pecos Texas because of warm to hot water springs and wells, silica geochemical indicators, and shallow thermal gradient measurements. Forty-four thermal water (30°C or above) occurrences have been located in the area. The largest concentration of thermal waters is in southern Hudspeth and western Presidio Counties adjacent to the Rio Grande. The thermal waters range from slightly fresh to salty; total dissolved solids range from 275 to 11,500 ppm. Major ions in the high dissolved solid waters include sodium and chloride. As indicated by the silica geothermometer temperatures, subsurface waters above 125°C exist at seven locations in northeast El Paso, western and southeastern Jeff Davis, western and northern Presidio, and southern Brewster Counties. The areas having highest silica temperatures are (1) west of the Hueco Mountains in northeastern El Paso County and extending northward into southwestern Otero County, New Mexico; here maximum silica temperatures are 151°C and maximum measured water temperatures reach 71°C; and (2) north of Candelaria in western Presidio County where maximum silica temperatures reach 177°C and maximum measured water temperatures are 72°C. Geothermal gradients have been measured in over 70 wells and boreholes, most of these in Presidio County. Average gradient is 77°C/km in the Rio Grande Valley, with 30°C/km in the highlands east of the valley; this would seem to reflect the possible boundary of the Basin and Range and Great Plains tectonic provinces. In addition, a drilling program has been underway in northeastern El Paso County to investigate the geochemical anomaly west of the Hueco Mountains. Twelve to 14 holes drilled yielded gradients of over 100°C/km, and two of these penetrated the limestone bedrock, where the elevated gradients continued to increase with depth. Heat-flow values of 9 and 11 HFU were calculated for these latter two holes. On the basis of these gradients a geothermal resource may xist close to El Paso. End_of_Article - Last_Page 762------------
Cross-linked polybenzimidazole with enhanced stability for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (2010)

Cross-linked polybenzimidazole membranes were obtained by heating at 160 °C, using 4,4′-diglycidyl(3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbiphenyl) epoxy resin (TMBP) as the cross-linker. The cross-linking reaction temperature was determined by DSC and the successful completion of the cross-linking reaction was shown by FTIR and solubility tests. The cross-linked membranes showed high proton conductivity and strong mechanical properties, as well as low swelling after immersion in 85% phosphoric acid at 90 °C. For instance, the membrane with a cross-linker content weight percent of 20% (PBI-TMBP 20%) with a PA doping level of 4.1 exhibited a proton conductivity of 0.010 S cm−1 and a low swelling volume of 50%. Moreover, the cross-linked membranes showed excellent oxidative stability. The PBI-TMBP 20% cross-linked membrane tested in Fenton's reagent (3% H2O2 solution, 4 ppm Fe2+, 70 °C) kept its shape for more than 480 h and did not break. In particular, the proton conductivity of the PA-PBI-TMBP 20% membrane after Fenton's test (30% H2O2, 20 ppm Fe2+, 85 °C) remained at a high level of 0.009 S cm−1. This investigation proved that cross-linking is a very effective approach for improving the performance of proton exchange membranes.
Multiple Sklerose und Kognition unter Interferon-β-1b-Therapie (2009)

Kognitive Defizite können ein Frühsymptom einer Multiplen Sklerose (MS) sein. Wir berichten über einen 29-jährigen männlichen Patienten mit der Diagnose einer rasch schubförmig progredient verlaufenden MS, der bereits in der Frühphase der Erkrankung ausgeprägte mnestische und kognitive Defizite entwickelte. Unter sequenzieller Therapie mit Mitoxantron (Ralenova®) und anschließender Deeskalation auf Interferon β-1b (Betaferon®) konnte eine Stabilisierung des Krankheitsprogresses erreicht werden. Eine ebenfalls frühzeitig eingeleitete symptomatische „Off-label”-Therapie mit einem Cholinesterasehemmer trug zur weiteren kognitiven Stabilisierung bei.
Identification and characterization of a cellular protein that cross-reacts with the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (1984)

A 62,000-dalton (62K) cell protein reacts with antisera to the 72K polypeptide of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) in immunoblots. This protein was initially detected in EBNA-negative as well as EBNA-positive cell lines with anti-EBNA-positive human sera. A monoclonal antibody raised against the 72K EBNA and an antiserum from a rabbit immunized with the glycine-alanine domain of EBNA also reacted with the cellular protein. The cellular protein was partially purified from Epstein-Barr virus genome-positive and -negative cell lines. Absorption experiments identified a shared antigenic determinant between the 72K EBNA and 62K cellular protein. A comparison of the 62K protein and EBNA by protease digestion did not reveal similar peptides.
Vacuum arc plasma jet interaction with neutral ambient gas (2000)

Vacuum arc plasma jet (VAPJ) propagation in a neutral nitrogen atmosphere has been calculated numerically on the basis of a hydrodynamic description. It was assumed that the VAPJ was emitted isotropically from a point source located z0 = 20 mm in front of the entrance of a straight duct 100 mm in diameter in which an axial magnetic field of 0.02-0.05 T was imposed. Plasma densities of n0 = 1018 and 1019 m-3 and neutral gas densities nn0 = 0.001-0.1×n0 were used as initial conditions at the duct entrance. A three-fluid model was used, with the ion temperature having an initial value at the duct entrance of Ti = 104 K, while constant temperatures of Te = 3×104 K and Tn = 103 K were assumed for the electrons and neutrals, respectively.
A Simple Method for Long-term Biliary Access in Large Animals (1988)

A simple method to obtain long-term access to the biliary tree in dogs and pigs is presented. In ten dogs and four pigs, a cholecystectomy was performed, the cystic duct isolated, and a catheter inserted into the cut end of the cystic duct. The catheter was connected to a subcutaneous infusion port, producing a closed, internal system to allow long-term access. The catheter placement was successful in three of the pigs and all of the dogs. Thirty-five cholangiograms were obtained in the 13 subjects by accessing the port with a 20 gauge Huber needle and injecting small amounts (4-10 mL) of contrast under fluoroscopic control. Cholangiograms were obtained up to four months after catheter placement without evidence for catheter failure or surgically induced changes in the biliary tree. This model provides a simple, reliable means to obtain serial cholangiograms in a research setting.