gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Vibrating Flow Blood Pump using Cross-Slider Mechanism (2002)

A newly designed vibrating flow pump (VFP) using cross-slider mechanism has been developed. The cross-slider mechanism converts rotary motion of electric motor to straight-line motion of vibrating tube. The mechanism is simple and small enough to realize reduction of the weight and total volume of VFP. Two types of VFP have been developed in this study. One is designed for ventricular assist device (artificial heart blood pump). The inner diameter of vibrating tube is 16mm and the pump output was 4.9 l/min. The other is designed for coronary perfusion blood pump. The inner diameter of vibrating tube was 4 mm and the pump output was 25 ml/min. The weight of the pump head and motor was 50 grams.
Pozzolanic Reactions in Cementitious Materials for Subsurface Applications (2014)

Silica fume (SF) is used as a constituent to formulate cementitious materials for subsurface (oil-well) applications, e.g. by the offshore industry. Using green supplementary pozzolanic materials like silica fume could both improve the material’s performance and the footprint of the sustainable solution. X-ray diffraction and isothermal calorimetry were employed to investigate the evolution of cement paste hydration (water to binder ratio 0.44) after 14 h, 3, 7, and 28 days of curing. Experimental results are presented for both cement pastes made of Class G Portland cement and for a blended paste system where 8% of the Class G cement has been replaced by silica fume. The results indicate beneficial effects of SF on the microstructural development of the slurry.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Resolution in 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Tartaric Acid‐ Derived Nitrones to 2,3‐Dihydro‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐phospholes. An Enantioselective Approach to the 2,2′‐Coupled Pyrrolidine‐Phospholane Ring System. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reproduction and Distribution of the Cytoplasmic Factor for Male Sterility in Maize (1949)

GABELMANdistinct variation in inbred color and, through alteration of photosynthetic capacities, for the significant differences in grain production in the single crosses with the tester stock.Work is now in progress to determine chromosome loci of the three genes described and to discover and isolate other genes of the pigment control series.These data as well as a more complete publication concerning the genetic, economic and evolutionary importance of this genic series will be prepared in the near future.
Soy Properties and Soy Wood Adhesives (2014)

Soy flour has been used for many years as a wood adhesive. Rapid development of petroleum-based infrastructure coupled with advancement of synthetic resin technology resulted in waning usage since the early 1960s. Discovery of using polyamidoamine–epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin as a co-reactant has been effective in increasing the wet bond strength of soy adhesives and led to a resurgence in soy-based adhesive consumption. Technology for making wood adhesives from soy is reviewed in this chapter. It is clear from this review that commercial processing technology used to make various soy protein-containing products influences protein adhesive properties. Thermal denaturation of soy flour does not influence the dry or wet bond strength either without or with added PAE. However, in case of soy protein isolate, the hydrothermal process used to provide proteins with more functionality for food applications make these proteins much better wood adhesives, especially in wet bond strength both without and with added PAE.
Neutron direct-radiation response of medium-type fast-neutron detector (2008)

The medium-type fast-neutron detector responds to direct neutron irradiation and it has an extreme effect on its design and practical applications.Monte-Carlo simulation programs based on Geant4 toolkit are developed to study the neutron direct radiation response sensitivity of the medium-type fast-neutron detector.The emission of the charged heavy particles of commonly used materials of detector's sensitive unit due to neutron incidence is simulated.The result shows that the selection of the materials of the charge collector,the threshold absorber and the rear isolator directly affect on the response sensitivity of neutron direct radiation.The response sensitivity of neutron direct radiation contributes about 6% to the total neutron sensitivity in the present sensitive unit which uses a graphite sensitive collector and Teflon threshold absorber and rear isolator.An improved structure of sensitive unit using high resistance graphite as the material of the threshold absorber and a rear isolator instead of Teflon is discussed,which can effectively reduce the response sensitivity of neutron direct radiation.
Localization and Functional Characterization of Glycosaminoglycan Domains in the Normal Human Kidney as Revealed by Phage Display-Derived Single Chain Antibodies (2005)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) play an important role in renal homeostasis. They are strongly negatively charged polysaccharides that bind and modulate a myriad of proteins, including growth factors, cytokines, and enzymes. With the aid of specific phage display-derived antibodies, the distribution of heparan sulfate (HS) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) domains in the normal human kidney was studied. HS domains were specifically located in basement membranes and/or surfaces of renal cells and displayed a characteristic distribution over the nephron. A characteristic location in specific parts of the tubular system was also observed. CS showed mainly an interstitial location. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated specific ultrastructural location of domains. Only partial overlap with any of seven different proteoglycan core proteins was observed. Two HS domains, one highly sulfated (defined by antibody HS4C3) and one low sulfated (defined by antibody RB4Ea12), were studied for their cell biologic relevance with respect to the proliferative effect of FGF-2 on human mesangial cells in vitro. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) binding was HS dependent. Addition of purified HS4C3 antibody but not of the RB4Ea12 antibody counteracted the binding and the proliferative effect of FGF-2, indicating that the HS4C3 domain is involved in FGF-2 handling by mesangial cells. In conclusion, specific GAG domains are differentially distributed in the normal human kidney and are likely involved in binding of effector molecules such as FGF-2. The availability of tools to identify and study relevant GAG structures allows the development of glycomimetica to halt, for instance, mesangial proliferation and matrix production as seen in diabetic nephropathy.
Quantification of riboflavin, flavin mononucleotide, and flavin adenine dinucleotide in mammalian model cells by CE with LED‐induced fluorescence detection (2014)

Cultured mammalian cells essential are model systems in basic biology research, production platforms of proteins for medical use, and testbeds in synthetic biology. Flavin cofactors, in particular flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are critical for cellular redox reactions and sense light in naturally occurring photoreceptors and optogenetic tools. Here, we quantified flavin contents of commonly used mammalian cell lines. We first compared three procedures for extraction of free and noncovalently protein-bound flavins and verified extraction using fluorescence spectroscopy. For separation, two CE methods with different BGEs were established, and detection was performed by LED-induced fluorescence with limit of detections (LODs 0.5-3.8 nM). We found that riboflavin (RF), FMN, and FAD contents varied significantly between cell lines. RF (3.1-14 amol/cell) and FAD (2.2-17.0 amol/cell) were the predominant flavins, while FMN (0.46-3.4 amol/cell) was found at markedly lower levels. Observed flavin contents agree with those previously extracted from mammalian tissues, yet reduced forms of RF were detected that were not described previously. Quantification of flavins in mammalian cell lines will allow a better understanding of cellular redox reactions and optogenetic tools.
Mannich condensations of tropolones (1970)

4-Methyltropolone has been aminomethylated and thiomethylated in the 7-position. Tropolone and 5-isopropyltropolone suffer polysubstitution. Mass spectroscopic breakdown patterns of the products are discussed.
Design of functionally graded dental implant in the presence of cancellous bone (2005)

In a previous work by the author [Hedia HS, Mahmoud NA. Biomed Mater Eng 2004;14(2):133--143], a functionally graded material (FGM) dental implant was designed without cancellous bone in the model. In this investigation, the effect of the presence of cancellous bone as a thin layer around the dental implant was investigated. It is well known that the main inorganic component of natural bone is hydroxyapatite (HAP) and that the main organic component is collagen (Col). HAP implants are not bioabsorbable, and because induction of bone into and around the artificially made HAP is not always satisfactory, loosening or breakage of HAP implants might occur after implantation in the clinical application. The development of a new material that is bioabsorbable and that has osteo-conductive activity is needed. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation was to design an implant, in the presence of cancellous bone as a thin layer around it, from FGM. In this study, a novel biomaterial, Col/HAP, as a FGM, was developed using the finite element and optimization techniques that are available in the ANSYS package. These materials have a self-organized character similar to that of natural bone. The investigations have shown that the maximum stress in the cortical bone and cancellous bone for the Col/HAP functionally graded implant has been reduced by about 40% and 19%, respectively, compared with currently used titanium dental implants.
NVP-AUY922, a novel diarylisoxazole resorcinol HSP90 inhibitor, potently inhibits growth and metastasis of human tumor xenografts (2007)

B284 NVP-AUY922 is a new diarylisoxazole resorcinol heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor that was developed from a structure-based design programme based on an original high-throughput screening hit (CCT018159). NVP-AUY922 was selected based on its high potency for the HSP90 target (Kd=1.7 ± 0.5 nM) and its excellent uptake and retention in human tumor cells and xenografts. The purpose of the present studies was to explore the antitumor efficacy of this compound in vitro and in vivo. NVP-AUY922 potently inhibited the proliferation of a wide range of human tumor cell lines with GI50 values of ~ 2-25nM, inducing G1/G2 arrest and apoptosis. This activity was independent of NQO1/DT diaphorase and P-glycoprotein, and was maintained in drug resistant variants and under hypoxic conditions. The molecular signature of HSP90 inhibition, comprising upregulation of HSP72 and downregulation of CRAF, CDK4 and ERBB2 was demonstrated by western blotting in cells treated with NVP-AUY922 in vitro. NVP-AUY922 also inhibited chemomigration (Transwell assay), haptotaxis (scratch wound assay) and matrix invasion of a variety of tumor cells. Daily dosing (50mg/kg i.p. or i.v.) to athymic mice bearing established human tumor xenografts gave statistically significant growth inhibition and a proportion of regressions in many different tumor types with distinct molecular abnormalities, eg BT474 breast carcinoma tumor/control (T/C) 21%, A2780 ovarian carcinoma (T/C 10.5%), U87MG glioblastoma (T/C 7%), PC3LN3 prostate carcinoma (T/C 37%) and WM266.4 BRAF mutant melanoma (T/C 31%). Therapeutic effects were concordant with changes in pharmacodynamic markers including depletion of ERBB2, CRAF, CDK4, P-AKT, HIF-1α and increased HSP72 as determined by western blot, MSD electrochemiluminescence immunoassay or immunohistochemical analysis of xenografts. NVP-AUY922 significantly inhibited established lung metastases from WM266.4 melanoma (reducing the number and size by 72% and 81% respectively) and lymphatic metastasis from orthotopically implanted PC3LN3 prostate carcinoma (mean tumor burden of regional nodes reduced by 52% and distant metastases undetectable). Finally we showed that NVP-AUY922 inhibited human endothelial cell proliferation (GI50 of 3.9 and 2.5nM in HUVEC and HDMEC respectively), chemomigration and tubular differentiation (>50% inhibition at 10nM). This potential antiangiogenic activity was reflected in reduced microvessel density in human tumor xenografts. Collectively the data show that NVP-AUY922 is a potent, novel inhibitor of HSP90, acting via several complementary mechanisms (e.g. cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and angiogenesis) to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. NVP-AUY922 has recently entered Phase I clinical trials.
Relationships between Structure and Alkaline Stability of Imidazolium Cations for Fuel Cell Membrane Applications (2014)

Anion exchange membranes have substantial potential to be useful in methanol fuel cells due to the viability of non-noble metal electrocatalysts at high pH and increases in the oxidation rate of methanol in alkaline conditions. However, long-term stability of the cationic moiety has been an issue, and imidazoliums have recently attracted attention as candidates for stable cations. The prevailing strategy for increasing the stability of the imidazolium has involved adding sterically hindering groups at the 2 position. Surprisingly, the findings of this study show that steric hindrance is the least effective strategy for stabilizing imidazoliums. We propose that the most important stabilizing factor for an imidazolium is the ability to provide alternative, reversible deprotonation reactions with hydroxide and outline other structure–property relationships for imidazolium cations.
A new method to measure the ortho‐positronium quenching rate in low vapor‐pressure gases (2009)

Abstract A new method to measure the ortho‐positronium collisional quenching rate for low vapor‐pressure gases is described. The value of the normalized positronium quenching rate, 1 Z eff , for CH 3 Br, measured by this method, is 0 . 70 ± 0.04 (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CD4-anchoring HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor with Enhanced Potency and in Vivo Stability (2008)

In this study, we describe a novel CD4-targeting bifunctional human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) fusion inhibitor (CD4-BFFI) that blocks HIV-1 entry by inhibiting both HIV-1 attachment and fusion and is highly potent against both R5 and X4 HIV-1 viruses in various antiviral assays, including peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) infection assays. Previously, we have reported a CCR5 antibody-based bifunctional HIV-1 fusion inhibitor (BFFI) that was highly active in blocking R5 HIV-1 infection but was ineffective against X4 viruses infecting human PBMCs (Kopetzki, E., Jekle, A., Ji, C., Rao, E., Zhang, J., Fischer, S., Cammack, N., Sankuratri, S., and Heilek, G. (2008) Virology J. 5, 56-65). CD4-BFFI, which consists of two HIV-1 fusion inhibitor (FI) T-651 variant peptides recombinantly fused to the Fc end of a humanized anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody, has demonstrated more than 100-fold greater antiviral activity than T-651 variant or the parental CD4 monoclonal antibody. Mechanistic studies revealed that CD4-BFFI primarily blocks the HIV-1-cell fusion step through its FI peptide moieties. The enhanced antiviral activity of CD4-BFFI is most likely due to avid binding of the bivalent FI peptides as well as the increased local concentration of CD4-BFFI via attachment to the target cell surface receptor CD4. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that CD4-BFFI was stable in monkey blood, and a dose of 10 mg/kg maintained serum concentrations greater than 2,000-fold over the IC(90) value for 7 days postdosing. This novel bifunctional inhibitor with improved potency and favorable pharmacokinetic properties may offer a novel approach for HIV-1 therapy.
Video-Rate Non-Raster AFM Imaging With Cycloid Trajectory (2018)

We demonstrate the application of the internal model principle in tracking a sequential cycloid trajectory to achieve video-rate atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging. To generate a sequential cycloid pattern, one axis of the nanopositioner traces a sinusoidal signal superimposed on a slow triangular wave. Discontinuities at turning points induce large peaks in the steady-state tracking error. To address this issue, a smooth trajectory is designed to reduce the magnitude of error by 60 nm compared with the triangular wave. This trajectory reduces the magnitude of error 10 times. The tracking controller includes the dynamics of the harmonic waveforms and the ramp signal as well as higher order harmonics of the scanning frequency, and an integrator to cope with the system nonlinearities at low frequencies. We perform experiments on a two degree of freedom microelectromechanical system nanopositioner at various scanning frequencies ranging from 500 to 2580 Hz within a scan area of 5 μm × 10 μm. The root-mean-square value of tracking error remains below 6.1 nm with a pitch size of 44.2 nm. We acquire time-lapse AFM images in contact mode at scan rates as high as 20 frames per second.
Characterization of mammalian phosphoribosylglycineamide formyltransferase from transformed cells. (1985)

Phosphoribosylglycineamide formyltransferase levels were studied in several mammalian tissues and were found to be elevated 3- to 6-fold in some anaplastic cells, including rat hepatoma H-35 and mouse leukemia L1210, as compared to their corresponding normal tissues. The enzyme was found to reside in the cytosol of chicken liver and L1210 cells. The enzyme was purified to near homogeneity, as judged by a single band on polyacrylamide gels after electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, from two mammalian sources, mouse L1210 and mouse Sarcoma 180. Comparison of the digestion patterns of L1210 enzyme and chicken liver enzyme upon exposure to chymotrypsin showed some similarity between the two, as did cross-reactivity in Western blots of the chicken enzyme with antibodies raised to the L1210 enzyme. Subunit molecular weight of the L1210 and Sarcoma 180 phosphoribosylglycineamide formyltransferases is about 117,000. Steady-state kinetics was performed with the purified murine enzyme in the presence of 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-glycineamide and 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and with 5'-phosphoribosyl-N-glycineamide and 10-formyl-5,8-deazafolate, establishing that these mammalian enzymes utilize 10-formyltetrahydrofolate as the actual cofactor. 11-Formyltetrahydrohomofolate was found to be an inhibitor of the murine and human (HeLa) enzymes, competitive with respect to 10-formyltetrahydrofolate, with KiS of 1 and 3 microM, respectively. 11-Formyldihydrohomofolate was an inhibitor of HeLa cell growth with a 50% effective dose of 8-11 microM.
Inhibition of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Methionine Aminopeptidases by Bengamide Derivatives (2011)

Methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) carries out an essential function of protein N-terminal processing in many bacteria and is a promising target for the development of novel antitubercular agents. Natural bengamides potently inhibit the proliferation of mammalian cells by targeting MetAP enzymes, and the X-ray crystal structure of human type 2 MetAP in complex with a bengamide derivative reveals the key interactions at the active site. By preserving the interactions with the conserved residues inside the binding pocket while exploring the differences between bacterial and human MetAPs around the binding pocket, seven bengamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c in different metalloforms, inhibition of M. tuberculosis growth in replicating and non-replicating states, and inhibition of human K562 cell growth. Potent inhibition of MtMetAP1a and MtMetAP1c and modest growth inhibition of M. tuberculosis were observed for some of these derivatives. Crystal structures of MtMetAP1c in complex with two of the derivatives provided valuable structural information for improvement of these inhibitors for potency and selectivity.
New approach for thermal spray process control with an artificial neural network in aero-engines (2004)

Thermal spray coatings on basic materials of aero-engine components arc indispensable for prolonging life and improving efficiency. Thermal spray processes are extremely complex; therefore it is impossible to represent them accurately enough in a traditional model, hence some reliable simulation. In this research work it will be shown how such processes can be represented with an artificial neural network that allows the thermal spray process to be controlled automatically. Data from plasma spray processes on turbo-compressor casings is used to train and verify the neural network. The results of the first prototype for a closed loop arc very promising.
Teaching standard agricultural practices that are known to be painful (1993)

Animal science faculty teach, demonstrate, and ask students to perform procedures that are known to be painful. Potentially painful procedures include castration, branding, dehorning, ear notching, teeth clipping, beak trimming, comb and wattle removal, and tail docking. In each case, the degree of pain experienced by an animal is generally not known. Furthermore, the consequences of animals having to endure pain are also not fully understood. A survey was conducted of animal science faculty to identify current departmental policies and practices related to castration in beef and swine production classes. Departments vary in what they require of students. Departments should set a policy to address 1) which (and how) potentially painful procedures are taught and 2) how the faculty deal with students who refuse to participate in putatively painful procedures. The institutional animal care and use committee should approve potentially painful teaching procedures after instructor and department have concluded that teaching such procedures is essential to a complete educational experience.
Reactivity Studies of (Phenylethynyl)germylene LGeC≡CPh (L = HC[C(Me)N-2,6-<i>i</i>Pr<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub>) toward Pentafluorophenylcopper(I), -silver(I), and -gold(I) Complexes (2013)

Reactions of (phenylethynyl)germylene LGeC≡CPh (L = HC[C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3]2) with 0.25 equiv of (CuC6F5)4, 1 equiv of AgC6F5·MeCN, and 1 equiv of AuC6F5·SC4H8, respectively, yielded LGe(C≡CPh)CuC6F5 (1), [(LGeC≡CPh)2Ag]+[Ag(C6F5)2]− (2), and LGe(C≡CPh)AuC6F5 (3). Complexes 1–3 were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Compound 1 shows a bonding pattern of the CuC6F5 entity by both the phenylethynyl C≡C linkage and the L ligand backbone of the γ-C atom, while 3 exhibits a bonding mode of the AuC6F5 entity at the germylene center. Compound 2 is an ionic derivative featuring the Ge–Ag donor–acceptor bond formed under redistribution of the AgC6F5 entity. Further reactions of 1 with (CuC6F5)4, AgC6F5·MeCN, and AuC6F5·SC4H8 afforded the complexes LGe(C≡CPh)(CuC6F5)(MC6F5) (M = Cu (4), Ag (5), Au (6)). Compounds 4–6 were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, and 5 and 6 were further investigated by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 4–6 all show an additional bonding of the respective MC6F5 moiety at the germylene center of 1. These studies reveal a multiple donor reactivity of LGeC≡CPh. The slightly different Lewis acidic properties of the congeneric pentafluorophenylcopper(I), -silver(I), and -gold(I) complexes as acceptors are thus disclosed.