gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Reliability and Bonding Techniques in Hybrid Systems (1975)

Differential thermal expansion has been shown to be responsible for many observed failures in ceramic chip capacitors mounted on alumina substrates. The present work has shown that the mounting techniques used in bonding the capacitors have a marked effect upon the thermally induced mechanical stress and thus the failure rate. A mathematical analysis of a composite model of the capacitor-substrate system to predict the magnitude of thermally induced stresses have been conducted. It has been experimentally observed that the stresses in more compliant bonding systems such as soft lead/tin and indium solders are significantly lower than those in hard solder and epoxy systems. The marked dependence upon heating and cooling rate has proven to be a determining factor in the prediction of failure n both the indium and tin/lead solder systems. This study has shown that the harder or higher melting solders are less susceptible to thermal cycling effects but that they are more likely to fail during initial processing operations, in the course of the study, strain gage techniques were used to determine thermally induced expansion stresses of both the capacitors and the alumina substrates. Thus, the compliance of the different bonding mediums were determined. From the data obtained, several recommendations are made concerning the optimum bonding system for the achievement of maximum reliability.
Focal Müllerian duct retention in male mice with constitutively activated β-catenin expression in the Müllerian duct mesenchyme (2010)

Müllerian-inhibiting substance (MIS), which is produced by fetal Sertoli cells shortly after commitment of the bipotential gonads to testicular differentiation, causes Müllerian duct (MD) regression. In the fetal female gonads, MIS is not expressed and the MDs will differentiate into the internal female reproductive tract. We have investigated whether dysregulated β-catenin activity affects MD regression by expressing a constitutively activated nuclear form of β-catenin in the MD mesenchyme. We show that constitutively activated (CA) β-catenin causes focal retention of MD tissue in the epididymides and vasa deferentia. In adult mutant mice, the retained MD tissues express α-smooth muscle actin and desmin, which are markers for uterine differentiation. MD retention inhibited the folding complexity of the developing epididymides and usually led to obstructive azoospermia by spermatoceles. The MDs of urogenital ridges from mutant female embryos showed less regression with added MIS in organ culture compared with control MDs when analyzed by whole mount in situ hybridization for Wnt7a as a marker for the MD epithelium. CA β-catenin did not appear to affect expression of either MIS in the embryonic testes or its type II receptor (AMHR2) in the MD mesenchyme nor did it inhibit pSmad1/5/8 nuclear accumulation, suggesting that dysregulated β-catenin must inhibit MD regression independently of MIS signaling. These studies suggest that dysregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the MD mesenchyme might also be a contributing factor in persistent Müllerian duct syndrome, a form of male pseudohermaphroditism, and development of spermatoceles.
Application of Phasor and Node Voltage Measurements to Monitor Power Flow and Stability (2012)

This paper presents the applications of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) for monitoring the stability of wide area interconnected power system and node voltage measurement for monitoring the power flows inside a building. Wide area measurement system for the power system stability which has been developed by our group is installed at the power outlets in some university campuses in Japan. The system was also applied to Singapore-Malaysia power system. Others, the power flows on the wiring lines in a building are monitored by simultaneous measurements of node voltage at power outlets. Some results are shown in this paper.
Radiation Response of Forward Biased Float Zone and Magnetic Czochralski Silicon Detectors of Different Geometry for 1-MeV Neutron Equivalent (2010)

Aiming at evaluating new options for radiation moni- toring sensors in LHC/SLHC experiments, the radiation responses of FZ and MCz custom made silicon detectors of different geom- etry have been studied up to about . The ra- diation response of the devices under investigation is discussed in terms of material type, thickness and active area influence.
The field-effect modified transistor: A new compound transistor (1971)

This paper will describe a versatile new compound transistor structure-the field-effect modified (FEM) transistor- that offers a decade improvement in photo-transistor responsivity, a novel illumination-to-frequency converter, and very high noise-immunity in digital circuits.
Photosynthetic water oxidation at elevated dioxygen partial pressure monitored by time-resolved X-ray absorption measurements (2008)

The atmospheric dioxygen (O(2)) is produced at a tetramanganese complex bound to the proteins of photosystem II (PSII). To investigate product inhibition at elevated oxygen partial pressure (pO(2) ranging from 0.2 to 16 bar), we monitored specifically the redox reactions of the Mn complex in its catalytic S-state cycle by rapid-scan and time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) at the Mn K-edge. By using a pressure cell for X-ray measurements after laser-flash excitation of PSII particles, we found a clear pO(2) influence on the redox reactions of the Mn complex, with a similar half-effect pressure as determined (2-3 bar). However, XANES spectra and the time courses of the X-ray fluorescence collected with microsecond resolution suggested that the O(2) evolution transition itself (S(3)-->S(0)+O(2)) was not affected. Additional (nonstandard) oxidation of the Mn complex at high pO(2) explains our experimental findings more readily. Our results suggest that photosynthesis at ambient conditions is not limited by product inhibition of the O(2) formation step.
Biopreparation of (-)-(1<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>)- 6-Hydroxymenthol and (-)-(1<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)-1-Hydroxymenthol from l-Menthol by<i>Rhizoctonia Solani</i>AG-1-IA and IB (2003)

Microbial transformation of 1-menthol (1) by six isolates of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA (Rs24, Joichi-2 and RRG97-1) and AG-1-IB (TR22, R147 and 110.4) as a biocatalyst was investigated. Twenty one days precultivation of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1-IA Rs24 and AG-1-IB 110.4 showed excellent yield (98.5-98.6%) of (-)-(1S,3R,4S,6S)-6-hydroxymenthol (2) and (-)-(1S,3R,4S)-1-hydroxymenthol (3) from 1.
Relationship between Retinopathy Severity, Visual Impairment and Depression in Persons with Long-term Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

Diabetic retinopathy severity and visual acuity in persons with long duration of type 1 diabetes were not cross-sectionally associated with depression in this cohort.
Visual Analysis of Multi‐Dimensional Categorical Data Sets (2013)

Abstract We present a set of interactive techniques for the visual analysis of multi‐dimensional categorical data. Our approach is based on multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), which allows one to analyse relationships, patterns, trends and outliers among dependent categorical variables. We use MCA as a dimensionality reduction technique to project both observations and their attributes in the same 2D space. We use a treeview to show attributes and their domains, a histogram of their representativity in the data set and as a compact overview of attribute‐related facts. A second view shows both attributes and observations. We use a Voronoi diagram whose cells can be interactively merged to discover salient attributes, cluster values and bin categories. Bar chart legends help assigning meaning to the 2D view axes and 2D point clusters. We illustrate our techniques with real‐world application data.
Dichotomous regulation of progenitor-like CD8 T cells during chronic viral infection by TCF1 and type I interferon (2017)

Abstract T cells develop into a dysfunctional state, called T-cell exhaustion, during chronic viral infections and cancer. However, how antigen-specific T cells persist in these situations is poorly understood. Here, we show that CD8 T cells differentiate into a less exhausted TCF1highTim3low subset and a more exhausted TCF1lowTim3high subset in chronic viral infection as well as human and mouse solid tumors. The TCF1highTim3low CD8 T cells, generated early after chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, persist better and mount a far stronger secondary response than TCF1lowTim3high cells. Importantly, TCF1highTim3low cells act as progenitor cells that are capable of both self-renewal and terminally differentiating into TCF1lowTim3high cells. We have further shown that cell-intrinsic TCF1 signaling is necessary and sufficient to program these progenitors early after infection. Cell-intrinsic TCF1 deficiency led to a progressive loss of anti-viral CD4 and CD8 T cell responses during the chronic phase of infection. Several pro-exhaustion factors, including Tim3, Cish, and Blimp1, are suppressed by TCF1. Conversely, TCF1 up-regulates Bcl6, which strongly enforces the progenitor fate. Moreover, cell-intrinsic type I interferon signal suppresses the differentiation of progenitor-like CD8 T cells, and antibody-mediated blockade of IFNAR1 enhances the differentiation of these CD8 T cells in a TCF1-dependent manner. Thus, our study not only identifies a CD8 progenitor population, which is critical for long-term persistence of anti-viral CD8 responses during chronic viral infection, but also uncovers both positive and negative regulators of the early programming of this population.
J-Aggregation of Anionic Ethyl<i>meso-</i>Thiacarbocyanine Dyes Induced by Binding to Proteins (2007)

The effects of ribonuclease A (RNase), lysozyme, trypsin, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the J-aggregation behavior of 3,3'-bis[sulfopropyl]-5-methoxy-4',5'-benzo-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine (1), 3,3'-bis[sulfopropyl]-4,5,4',5'-dibenzo-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine (2), and 3,3'-bis[sulfopropyl]-5,5'-dimethoxy-9-ethylthiacarbocyanine (3) were studied in aqueous solution. The formation of J-aggregates at pH 6 is induced by RNase for 1-3, by lysozyme for 1 and 2, and by trypsin for 2. The formation of J-aggregates correlates with decay of the dimers and is supported by induced circular dichroism spectra. The concentration of J-aggregates for lysozyme/1 increases with an increase in the protein/dye concentration ratio, reaches a plateau, and then gradually decreases. J-aggregates are characterized by relatively weak fluorescence; e.g., Phi(f) = 0.01 for lysozyme/1, and by a small Stokes shift of 6-8 nm, indicating almost resonance fluorescence. J-aggregation proceeds in the range of seconds to minutes with sigmoidal type kinetic curves for trypsin/2 and nonsigmoidal kinetics in the other cases. The presence of BSA, in contrast to RNase, lysozyme, and trypsin, results in deaggregation of dimers of 1-3 and formation of bound monomers and exhibits intense fluorescence from the trans-monomer; e.g., Phi(f) = 0.22 for BSA/1. Generally, the binding of 1-3 to the proteins is a cooperative process, where the number of binding sites changes from n = 15 for lysozyme/1 to n = 6 for trypsin/2 and n = 0.3 and 1 for BSA/3.
Limitations of Phased Array Beamforming in Open Rotor Noise Source Imaging (2013)

Phased array beamforming results of the F31/A31 historical baseline counter-rotating open rotor blade set were investigated for measurement data taken on the NASA Counter-Rotating Open Rotor Propulsion Rig in the 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel of NASA Glenn Research Center as well as data produced using the LINPROP open rotor tone noise code. The planar microphone array was positioned broadside and parallel to the axis of the open rotor, roughly 2.3 rotor diameters away. The results provide insight as to why the apparent noise sources of the blade passing frequency tones and interaction tones appear at their nominal Mach radii instead of at the actual noise sources, even if those locations are not on the blades. Contour maps corresponding to the sound fields produced by the radiating sound waves, taken from the simulations, are used to illustrate how the interaction patterns of circumferential spinning modes of rotating coherent noise sources interact with the phased array, often giving misleading results, as the apparent sources do not always show where the actual noise sources are located. This suggests that a more sophisticated source model would be required to accurately locate the sources of each tone. The results of this study also have implications with regard to the shielding of open rotor sources by airframe empennages.
Two-wave mixing in photorefractive AlGaAs/GaAs quantum wells (1991)

We have observed two-wave mixing in semi-insulating AlGaAs/GaAs multiple quantum well structures at wavelengths near the exciton absorption. The photorefractive index changes are caused by the Franz–Keldysh effect on quantum-confined excitons. Photorefractive gains larger than 200 cm−1 are obtained for the first time at wavelengths near 836 nm using stationary fringes and dc applied fields up to 5 kV/cm. The direction of energy transfer between the two beams is determined by the direction of applied electric field.
<title>Electron multiplier as a detector for soft x rays from synchrotron and laser plasma sources</title> (1998)

An electron-tubes-LTD 129EM electron multiplier tube has been modified to act as a detector of soft x-rays. the first dynode was coated with 100 nm of CsI and the assembly was mounted in a small vacuum chamber with 100 nm thick silicon nitride entrance window. Initial tests show the detector is linear up to an input flux of approximately 1MHz on a synchrotron source and has proved effective in providing pulse height discrimination when used on a pulsed laser plasma source.
Bildung und Zerfall von Phosphoniumsalzen in der Vitamin‐A‐Reihe (1965)

Abstract Für Synthesen auf dem Carotinoid‐Gebiet mit Hilfe der Wittig‐Reaktion — vor allem im technischen Maßstab — waren umfangreiche Untersuchungen über Herstellung und Eigenschaften der Zwischenprodukte erforderlich. Auf den Teil dieser Arbeiten, der sich mit quartären Phosphonium‐Verbindungen von Trimethylcyclohexen‐Derivaten beschäftigt, soll hier näher eingegangen werden.
Physical layer design, link budget analysis, and digital baseband implementation for 60 GHz short-range applications (2011)

The large bandwidth of the 60 GHz frequency band enables wireless short-range applications with data rates of several Gbit/s. The German project EASY-A has focused on early prototype implementations for selected applications, although no generally accepted 60 GHz standard has been available at the time. The implementations are based on application-oriented physical layer designs and link-budget investigations that account for the scenario-specific channel characteristics and for different integration technologies. This paper discusses the results of these investigations and details the hardware implementation of the digital baseband processing that relies on considerable parallelization. The link-budget results show that SiGe technology allows for 1 Gbit/s at a range of 3.5 m in non-line-of-sight environments, while up to 10 Gbit/s are feasible at more than 1 m in case of strong line of sight.
Immunologically based control strategies for ostertagiosis in cattle: where do we stand? (2011)

Ostertagia ostertagi is one of the most important gastrointestinal parasites infecting millions of cattle in temperate climate areas. Because infection leads to significant losses in productivity, farmers are pushed, because of the on-going intensification of the livestock production systems, to frequently administer anthelmintics to minimize the exposure of their animals to this parasite. However, whether such approach is sustainable in the long term, especially in an era of emerging drug resistance and global climatic changes, is still a matter of debate. Immunological control of worm infections through vaccination is often put forward as the most rational and cost-effective alternative for anthelmintics to control helminth infections. However, the development of an immunologically based control strategy requires a thorough knowledge of the host-parasite interactions, the immune responses involved and the biology of the parasite itself. The aim of this review is to consolidate information available in these areas, specifically for O. ostertagi, and identify some critical gaps in our current knowledge.
Evolution of virulence in the vascular wilt pathogen Verticillium dahliae (2015)

Fungi cause severe crop losses and threaten food security worldwide. The soil-borne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae causes vascular wilt disease on hundreds of plant species, and disease control is challenging because resistance in plants is relatively rare. Moreover, V. dahliae has a flexible genome allowing it to escape host immunity and maintain aggressiveness. So far, knowledge on mechanisms governing this genomic flexibility remains limited. Through comparative population genomics we have started to unravel mechanisms to establish the genomic diversity that is essential for adaptive genome co-evolution during the continued arms race with host plants. To this end, two V. dahliae genomes were assembled from telomere-to-telomere using long-read sequencing technology and optical mapping, and compared these to the genomes of other Verticillium spp., revealing a pre-speciation genome duplication event. Comparative genomics using the two finished V. dahliae genomes furthermore revealed recent segmental duplications that established lineage-specific regions. Interestingly, these regions are enriched for in planta-expressed effector genes encoding secreted proteins that enable host colonization, and thus contribute to the evolution of virulence. Our evidence suggests that error-prone homology-dependent DNA repair has caused genomic rearrangements, leading to extensive structural variations. Re-sequencing of additional strains showed that independent losses of genetic material favored the escape of host recognition and, likely, host specificity. We propose that evolution of V. dahliae is linked to segmental genome duplications mediated by improperly repaired DNA breaks.
Analytical Characterization and Optimum Detection of Nonlinear Multicarrier Schemes (2016)

It is widely recognized that multicarrier systems such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are suitable for severely time-dispersive channels. However, it is also recognized that multicarrier signals have high envelope fluctuations which make them especially sensitive to nonlinear distortion effects. In fact, it is almost unavoidable to have nonlinear distortion effects in the transmission chain. For this reason, it is essential to have a theoretical, accurate characterization of nonlinearly distorted signals not only to evaluate the corresponding impact of these distortion effects on the system’s performance, but also to develop mechanisms to combat them. One of the goals of this thesis is to address these challenges and involves a theoretical characterization of nonlinearly distorted multicarrier signals in a simple, accurate way. The other goal of this thesis is to study the optimum detection of nonlinearly distorted, multicarrier signals. Conventionally, nonlinear distortion is seen as a noise term that degrades the system’s performance, leading even to irreducible error floors. Even receivers that try to estimate and cancel it have a poor performance, comparatively to the performance associated to a linear transmission, even with perfect cancellation of nonlinear distortion effects. It is shown that the nonlinear distortion should not be considered as a noise term, but instead as something that contains useful information for detection purposes. The adequate receiver to take advantage of this information is the optimum receiver, since it makes a block-by-block detection, allowing us to exploit the nonlinear distortion which is spread along the signal’s band. Although the optimum receiver for nonlinear multicarrier schemes is too complex, due to its necessity to compare the received signal with all possible transmitted sequences, it is important to study its potential performance gains. In this thesis, it is shown that the optimum receiver outperforms the conventional detection, presenting gains not only relatively to conventional receivers that deal with nonlinear multicarrier signals, but also relatively to conventional receivers that deal with linear, multicarrier signals. We also present sub-optimum receivers which are able to approach the performance gains associated to the optimum detection and that can even outperform the conventional linear, multicarrier schemes.
vtkINRIA3D: A VTK Extension for Spatiotemporal Data Synchronization, Visualization and Management (2007)

This paper presents an extension of the Visualization ToolKit dedicated to spatiotemporal data synchronization, visualization and management. It basically consists in a versatile library providing functionalities to help developers setting up sophisticated applications with minimal development effort. In the medical imaging context, various types of data are often encountered, which raises the need for adapted visualization and synchronization techniques. Moreover, the management of these data (organization, creation, deletion, access) can become a burden. We propose in vtkINRIA3D a strategy to synchronize interactions between datasets representations, to manipulate complex objects (e.g., neural fibers as obtained in DT-MRI), as well as a managing framework for organizing data (including temporal sequences). The efficiency of vtkINRIA3D is illustrated with two applications: MedINRIA (general medical image processing software) and CardioViz3D (cardiac image visualization). vtkINRIA3D is open-source, and comes with a set of examples, test data and softwares built upon it: http://www-sop.inria.fr/asclepios/software/vtkINRIA3D.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Wet and Dry Etching of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon and Related Materials. (1988)

Abstract Etch rates are measured in aqueous KOH solutions and in CF 4 ‐O2 plasmas for samples of intrinsic and n+‐doped a‐Si:H deposited by glow discharge in SiH 4 and 1% PH3/SiH4, respectively.