gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability and performance enhancement technique for SSD array storage system using RAID mechanism (2009)

Recently solid state drive (SSD) based on NAND flash memory chips becomes popular in the consumer electronics market because it is tough on shock and its I/O performance is better than that of conventional hard disk drive. However, as the density of the semiconductor grows higher, the distance between its wires narrows down, their interferences are frequently occurred, and the bit error rate of semiconductor increases. Such frequent error occurrence and short life cycle in NAND flash memory reduce the reliability of SSD. In this paper, we present reliability and performance enhancement technique on new RAID system based on SSD. First, we analyze the existing RAID mechanism in the environment of SSD array and then develop a new RAID methodology adaptable to SSD array storage system. Via trace-driven simulation, we evaluated the performance of our new optimized SSD array storage using RAID mechanism. The proposed method enhances the reliability of SSD array 2% higher than that of existing RAID system and improves the I/O performance of SSD array 28% higher than that of existing RAID system.
Olig2-Targeted G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Gpr17 Regulates Oligodendrocyte Survival in Response to Lysolecithin-Induced Demyelination (2016)

Genome occupancy analysis of oligodendrocytes in response to lysolecithin-mediated demyelination injury revealed that Olig2 and its downstream target Gpr17 are part of regulatory circuitry critical for oligodendrocyte survival. Gpr17 inhibits oligodendrocyte survival through activation of Xaf1 and cell differentiation by reducing Epac1 expression. The loss of Gpr17 in mice led to precocious myelination and an earlier onset of remyelination after demyelination. Pharmacological inhibition of Gpr17 promoted remyelination, highlighting the potential for Gpr17-targeted therapeutic approaches in demyelination diseases.
Recent work on the intrinsic qualities of influenza virus; somatic and genetic aspects. (1953)

The intrinsic qualities of influenza virus particles may be studied at the biological level from two points of view:(1) The surface structures associated with adsorption to the surface of the susceptible cell and entry into its substance are regarded as essentially somatic in character. Infection is possible only when these are present and functionally active.(2) The somatic qualities are controlled by a genetic mechanism composed of functional units equivalent to the genes of higher organisms. Recombination experiments based on multiple infection of a single cell can provide a technical approach to the genetic analysis of influenza virus.Work in these two fields is reviewed with special reference to that carried out in the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne.
Human barrier recovery after acute acetone perturbation: an irritant dermatitis model (1998)

The efficacy of a topical agent in barrier recovery was evaluated after acetone-induced acute water loss barrier disruption in vivo in humans. The upper back of several volunteers was rubbed with acetone-soaked cotton balls until elevated rates of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) occurred (> 20 g/m2h, or greater). The topical agent was then applied to the acetone-treated skin sites once daily for 5 days. Resolution evaluation used TEWL measurements and the data were expressed as the percentage recovery in water barrier function. In comparison with placebo control the topical agent significantly enhanced barrier recovery, especially within the first 72 h (P < 0.05). This model offers a simple method of examining chemicals accelerating (or inhibiting) repair of this form of acute skin damage in man.
Liver and biliary diseases (1992)

Overview of liver and biliary diseases structure and function of the liver pathophysiology diagnosis studies for liver and biliary diseases acute and chronic diseases of the liver other conditions of the liver pathophysiology and management biliary diseases.
The effects of synbiotic supplementation on some cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children: a randomized triple-masked controlled trial (2013)

Recent studies have suggested some beneficial effects of probiotics on controlling excess weight in adults; such experience is limited in the pediatric age group. This study aimed to assess the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of a synbiotic supplement among children and adolescents. We conducted a randomized triple-masked controlled trial among 70 participants aged 6-18 years with body mass index (BMI) equal or higher than 85th percentile. They were randomly assigned to two groups of equal number to receive synbiotic or placebo for 8 weeks. At the end of the trial, decrease in BMI Z-score, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly higher in the synbiotic group than in the placebo group. Likewise, synbiotic group had significant decrease in serum triglycerides, total- and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The beneficial effects of a synbiotic supplement on controlling excess weight and some cardio-metabolic risk factors among children and adolescents can be considered in clinical practice.
Following the Scent of Avian Olfaction (1999)

It turns out Toucan Sam may not have been a liar after all. In the 1970s, the bright-billed cartoon spokesbird for Kellogg's Froot Loops cereal boasted in television ads that he could “follow his nose” to the cereal's “delicious fruit smell.” But amused biologists called Sam a sham: The conventional wisdom, based on studies of brain anatomy, held that most birds had little or no sense of smell.
Critical wetting, flocculation of silica particles in near-critical lutidine–water mixtures and related phenomena (1990)

An interpretation of critical wetting and flocculation phenomena is given, referring mainly to silica dispersed in lutidine–water mixtures. The critical wetting behaviour of other systems, e.g. perfluoromethylcylohexane on alcohols, and the wetting of immersed solids, is made easier to understand. The silica flocculation is preceded by the formation of a thick adsorption layer on the silica, which then coalesces to the floc state. The wetting behaviour probably depends on the solid, giving a family of curves. Flocculation at the critical point is delayed until the coexistence curve is reached, because at the critical point the contact angle made by the interface formed between the conjugate phases and the solid would be 90°. The implications for related phenomena, and for applications such as the partitioning of particles between two-phase liquids are discussed.
Signaling Can Be Uncoupled from Imaging of the Somatostatin Receptor Type 2 (2007)

Endogenous and exogenous somatostatin receptors are commonly targeted for imaging using radiopharmaceutical analogues of somatostatin. Ligand binding activates receptor-mediated signaling. We assessed whether somatostatin receptor type 2A (SSTR2A) imaging can be uncoupled from signal transduction. In both human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) and human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay found similar levels of expression of hemagglutinin A tagged SSTR2A (HA-SSTR2A) or the same fusion protein with a deletion of the C-terminus beyond amino acid 314 (HA-SSTR2Delta314). Scatchard analysis demonstrated similar degrees of ligand binding by the wild-type or mutant receptor to (111)In-octreotide in both cell pairs. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) production and inhibition of forskolin-induced cylic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production were evaluated at the signaling level, and growth inhibition was evaluated at the cellular level before and after stimulation. Unlike wild-type receptor, HA-SSTR2Delta314 was deficient in inhibiting forskolin-induced cAMP production (p < .05) and in inciting cGMP (p < .05) production; furthermore, at the cellular level, HA-SSTR2Delta314 was deficient in inhibiting cell proliferation (p < .05). Yet tumors expressing HA-SSTR2Delta314 could be imaged in vivo. Thus, in vivo imaging of SSTR2 can be uncoupled from cAMP and cGMP signaling as well as growth inhibition.
Adjuvant therapeutic use of supercritical-ethanol extracts of Curcuma species with cancer drugs in rhabdomycosarcoma cell lines (2012)

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a cancerous tumor that grows in the soft tissues of the body, particularly in the muscles that attach to bone and help the body to move. The two most common forms of this tumor are embryonal and alveolar, the latter being refractory and difficult to treat mainly because of cellular drug resistance. We investigated the synergistic effect of supercritical -ethanol extracts of Curcuma species along with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines. Curcuma amada (mango ginger-CA) extract showed the highest levels of cytotoxicity as compared to C. longa (turmeric) and C. xanthorrhiza (Japanese turmeric) extracts. CA showed synergistic cytotoxic effects with vinblastine (VBL) and cyclophosphamide (CP), as indicated by the combination index values of <1 for VBL+CA, CP+CA and VBL+CP+CA combinations in both embryonic and alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas. When CA was combined with cancer drugs CP and VBL, caspase 3 activity increased significantly higher than that of individual agents which correlated with the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by the drugs and combinations. CA in combination with VBL and CP induced higher percentage of apoptosis than single agents in both cell lines. CA also induced significant quantitative changes in gene expression patterns (Bcl-2, Bax, Bak and p53) associated with intrinsic pathway of apoptosis. These results suggest that CA can be evaluated further as an adjuvant with cancer drugs for the treatment of rhabdomysarcoma patients.
Physical and human capital investment: relative substitutes in the endogenous growth process (2002)

This paper aims at studying the interaction between growth of real output and human capital accumulation when education requires investment of physical resources. To this end we investigate the aggregate implications of individual specific uncertainty about returns to investment in education in the absence of insurance markets. We do so in a general equilibrium OLG model in which physical resources must be devoted to education in order to accumulate human capital. We find that uncertainty with incomplete financial markets may strongly affect individual behavior but not the aggregate of the economy: different degrees of uncertainty will induce different intensities of human to physical capital but will not have a significant impact on the long run growth rate of the economy. This framework allows us to conclude that investing less in education in relative terms does not necessarily lead to less growth: the accumulation of physical and human capital display some degree of substitutability as an engine for long run growth.
A VLSI system for difference picture-based motion analysis (2003)

A VLSI architecture for a difference picture-based dynamic scene analysis technique that can perform the analysis in real time is proposed. To analyze a dynamic scene, a difference picture is generated for two (previous and current) image frames of the scene taken at contiguous time instants. The entries in difference pictures are assumed to be caused by motion in the scene. Motion-related information about dynamic objects in a scene can be obtained by analyzing the characteristics of the connected region in the corresponding difference picture. The architecture of each processor is simple and can be organized as a multistage linear pipeline with no feedback logic. Regarding the layout space required for the processor logic, simple estimates show that up to 30 processors can be laid out within a single chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aspects of the Epidemiology of Fibromyalgia (1994)

Most information about fibromyalgia derives from the clinic, and it is not known how persons with fibromyalgia in the community might differ from clinic patients, and whether their illness syndromes might be more or less severe. Additionally, the outcome of fibromyalgia in the community as well as the clinic is not known. Findings: The prevalence of fibromyalgia in the general population appears to around 2%, with more than 90% of those being female. Fibromyalgia occurs more frequently in the elderly than previously supposed. Fibromyalgia in the clinic is associated with self-reported disability, but little is known about fibromyalgia disability in the community. Conclusions: Fibromyalgia can be identified in the community at rates in excess of the rheumatoid arthritis, and constitutes a significant public health concern. Additional studies of fibromyalgia disability and outcome are required.
Life analysis of helical gear sets using Lundberg-Palmgren theory (1975)

A mathematical model is developed for surface fatigue life of helical gears. The expected fatigue life of a pinion, gear, or gear set may be calculated from the model. An equation for the dynamic capacity of a gear set was also derived. Dynamic capacity is the transmitted tangential load which gives a 90 percent probability of survival of the gear set for one million pinion revolutions. The equations, when simplified by setting the helix angle to zero, reduce to the results which were previously developed for spur gears. A sample calculation is given which illustrates the use of the new fatigue life model.
Flavan-3-ols in Trichomes, Pistils and Phelloderm of Some Tree Species (1990)

Tissues from nine tree species were examined histochemically for the presence of flavan-3-ols including the catechins. It was possible to stain these phenolics selectively with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) and to show that they were located in trichomes, pistils and shoot phelloderm. The staining intensity of the tissues was categorized into four groups. The flavan-3-ols were extracted from three tree species and the diverse components were distinguished using a combination of HPLC and chemical reaction detection (CRD). Twelve flavan-3-ols were isolated from pistils of Tilia grandifolia and 32 from leaves of Acer platanoides. The hairs of the leaves of dormant buds from Aesculus hippocastanum yielded 13 components. Epicatechin and ( + )-catechin were present in all three species.
PREFERENCE DRIVEN UNIVERSITY COURSE SCHEDULING SYSTEM (2010)

University course planning and scheduling is the process of determining what courses to offer, how many sections are needed, determining the best term to offer each section, assigning a faculty member to instruct each section, and scheduling each section to a timeslot to avoid conflicts. The result of this task has an impact on every student and faculty member in the department. The process is typically broken down into three major phases: course offering planning, faculty assignment to planned course sections, and course scheduling into timeslots. This thesis looks at each of these phases for the Industrial and Manufacturing department and brings them together into a decision support and scheduling system. A decision support tool is created to facilitate planning of course offerings. Operations research is applied to assign sections to faculty members using a faculty preference driven integer linear programming model in order to minimize dissatisfaction in the department. Next, the faculty-section pairs are scheduled into university timeslots using a complex integer linear programming model. This scheduling model takes into consideration the faculty member time availability and preferences and general student time slot preferences as it minimizes dissatisfaction while avoiding conflicts among labs, faculty members and courses offered for each class level.
Vaccines against Francisella tularensis – past, present and future (2004)

Francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen capable of causing a spectrum of human diseases collectively called tularemia. The pathogen is highly infectious and some strains can cause rapidly lethal infection especially when inhaled. The latter were developed as biological weapons in the past and nowadays cause concern as potential bioterrorism agents. A live attenuated strain of the pathogen was developed more that 40 years ago and remains the sole prophylactic measure against the pathogen. Research to develop better live and subunit vaccines is under way. The former will require an understanding of the virulence factors of F. tularensis and a facile means of mutating them and the latter will require identification of the protective antigens of the pathogen. The current vaccine and its potential replacements are the focus of this review.
Characterization of tropical starches modified with potassium permanganate and lactic acid (2004)

In the present work some tropical starches were modified by an oxidative chemical treatment with potassium permanganate and lactic acid. The native and modified samples were evaluated by mid-infrared spectroscopy, differential dyeing, pH, expansion power, solubility and swelling power, clarity of the pastes, susceptibility to syneresis, carboxyl content and reducing power. All modified samples presented dark blue color, higher expansion power (except corn starch), carboxyl content and reducing power. The solubility of the modified starch granules was very high at 90ºC. At this temperature, it was not possible to measure their swelling power. The viscographic analysis showed decrease in peak viscosity and higher degree of cooking instability. The principal component analysis of the mid-infrared spectra allowed separation between native and modified samples due to the presence of carboxyl groups. The expansion was inversely related with amylose content of the starches.
Dehydrochlorination of poly(vinyl chloride) by aqueous sodium hydroxide solution under two‐phase conditions (1982)

Abstract The reaction of poly(vinyl chloride) powder with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of quaternary ammonium or phosphonium halides yielded dehydrochlorinated products of conjugated polyene structure. The reaction was discussed in terms of a phase transfer catalytic mechanism between aqueous and polymer phases. Among the catalysts used tetrabutylammonium bromide was the best. To obtain the optimum conditions the effects of reaction temperature, the concentration of NaOH and the catalyst, and the molecular weight of poly(vinyl chloride) were investigated. Treatment of PVC films and solutions in tetrahydrofuran with aqueous NaOH solutions under two‐phase conditions also produced dehydrochlorinated films and powders.
Glycemic control of type 2 diabetes and severe periodontal disease in the US adult population (2002)

These results provide population-based evidence to support an association between poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus and severe periodontitis.
Effects of TiOx physical vapor deposition parameters on the preferred orientation and adhesion of Pt films on γ-Al2O3 (2006)

Ti O x physical vapor deposition (PVD) films were studied to improve the adhesion of Pt∕AlN∕Pt piezoelectric transducers on γ-Al2O3∕NiCoCrAlY/superalloy components. Thick (1.7–3.8μm) TiOx films deposited by rf reactive cathodic sputtering on α-Al2O3 substrates were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The influence of substrate temperature (Ts), oxygen mole fraction in the plasma gas and annealing (1050°C, 1h, in air) on structural properties, morphology, and chemical composition of the films was observed. Thin (⩽10nm) TiOx adhesion layers and Pt films were sputtered on α-Al2O3. The effects of TiOx deposition parameters on the adhesion and the orientation of as-deposited and annealed Pt films were examined by tensile pull-off test and XRD, respectively. The results showed a (111) preferred orientation and good adhesion of Pt films. Finally, the selected TiOx deposition parameters were applied on γ-Al2O3∕NiCoCrAlY/superalloy substrates. Adhesion properties of annealed Pt films on γ-Al2O3 and TiOx∕γ-Al2O3 were evaluated. The results showed a drastic improvement of the pull-off force (≈0to≈100MPa) by using the TiOx “glue layer.” The adhesion layer also led to a pronounced (111) preferential orientation of the Pt films.
Evidence that public database records for many cancer-associated genes reflect a splice form found in tumors and lack normal splice forms (2005)

Alternative splicing is widespread in the human genome, and it appears that many genes display different splice forms in cancerous tissue than in normal human tissues. However, since cDNAs for many cancer-associated genes were originally cloned from tumor samples, it is important to ask whether this repertoire of cDNAs provides a complete or representative picture of the transcript isoforms found in normal tissues. To answer this, we used bioinformatics and RT-PCR to identify novel splice forms, focusing on in-frame exonskips, for a panel of 50 cancer-associated genes in normal tissue samples. These data show that in nearly two-thirds of the genes, normal tissues expressed previously unknown splice forms, of which 40% were normally a dominant splice form. Surprisingly, the tumor-associated splice forms were twice as likely to be represented in GenBank than their normal tissue-associated splice forms, most likely because 70% of the mRNAs in GenBank for these genes were cloned from tumor samples. As an example, we describe a novel normal splice form of IKBbeta, an important regulator of the NFkappaB pathway. Our data suggest that systematic re-evaluation of cancer genes' splice forms in normal tissue will yield insights into their distinct functions in normal tissues and in cancer. Our database contains 1308 novel normal splice forms, including many known cancer genes.
Niue after Cyclone Heta (2007)

This report is based on 8 months of fieldwork in Niue in 2006. Nearly three years after Cyclone Heta struck Niue on January 5, 2004 the island is still recovering. Cyclone Heta caused peak wind gusts of 296 kms/hour, and waves in excess of 50 meters in height. This article describes the conditions of Niue after the cyclone struck it.
State assignment of finite-state machines (2000)

The state-assignment problem of finite-state machines (FSMs) is addressed. State assignment is a mapping from the set of states (symbolic names) of an FSM to the set of binary codes with the objective of minimising the area of the combinational circuit required to realise the FSM. It is one of the most important optimisation problems in the automatic synthesis of sequential circuits since it has a major impact on the area, speed, power and testability of the circuits. The problem of finding an optimal state assignment is NP-hard. A new scheme is presented based on mean-field annealing (MFA) to solve the graph-embedding problem which is the main step in the state-assignment process. The MFA algorithm combines the characteristics of the simulated annealing and the Hopfield neural network. To solve the problem by MFA, the graph-embedding problem is mapped into a neural network and an energy function is formulated. Experiments over the MCNC FSM benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed MFA algorithm can produce superior results compared with the specialised methods such as the MUSTANG, NOVA and genetic algorithm.
Radiation copolymerization of vinylene carbonate with isobutyl vinyl ether (1976)

Abstract The radiation‐induced copolymerization of vinylene carbonate (M 1 ) with isobutyl vinyl ether (M 2 ) has been investigated over the temperature range of 40–80°C. The monomer reactivity ratios r 1 and r 2 were determined to be 0.118 and 0.148, respectively, and an activation energy of 7.6 kcal/mole (31.8 kJ/mole) was calculated for the copolymerization process.