gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate‐induced phenotypical change of monocytes/macrophages into myofibroblast‐like cells: A new insight into the mechanism of in‐stent restenosis (2008)

Stented coronary angioplasty is the procedure of choice to re-establish patency in obstructed coronary arteries. However, the stent implantation procedure often leads to in-stent restenosis, a process that is characterized by stent strut colonization by macrophages and smooth muscle cells and by neointima formation. The present in vitro study investigates the effect of stent materials on the phenotypical features of monocyte/macrophages. Human peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors (n = 7) were cultured up to 7 days on substrates mimicking: (i) the stent surface (i.e., electropolished stainless steel), (ii) the de-endothelialized vessel wall (collagen-based extracellular matrix gel), and (iii) thrombus (i.e., fibrin gel). The cells were analyzed by immunocytochemistry for their ability to express alpha-actin, a typical myofibroblast marker, by ELISA to determine PDGF-BB and TGF-beta1 secretion and by PCR to evaluate hyaluronan synthase 1, 2, and 3 genes expression. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA (Dunnett's test) and data considered significantly different at p </= 0.05. The data demonstrated that mononuclear cells adhering to stainless steel acquire a phenotype capable of expressing alpha-actin while secreting significantly higher levels of PDGF-BB and TGF-beta. The expression of the three hyaluronan synthase isoforms was also altered by the metal substrate, where cells expressed genes only for the isoforms synthesizing high molecular weight hyaluronan. This study therefore suggests that mononuclear cells adhering on the stent metal surface undergo phenotypical transformation into myofibroblast-like cells that are able to contribute to neointimal tissue synthesis.
Craniocerebral Plasmacytoma (1999)

Literature Abstracts: Literature Abstracts-The American Journal of Neuroradiology, 1997: Clinicoanatomic and Pathologic Correlations: PDF Only
Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Suppression of the Hypothalamic Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Pulse Generator in Ovariectomized Goats. (1997)

Ovariectomized goats were implanted with the electrode arrays for monitoring the electrophysiological manifestation of the activity of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator, namely multiple-unit activity (MUA) volleys associated with pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion. They were then subjected to i.v. challenges of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the dose of 200 or 400 ng/kg. The interval between the MUA volleys was significantly prolonged by higher dose of LPS whereas neither amplitude nor duration of the MUA volleys was altered. These results suggest that immunological disturbance as evoked by LPS administration directly affects the hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator by slowing down the pulse frequency, and thereby lowers gonadotropin secretion from the anterior pituitary gland, which would culminate in gonadal suppression.
A Review of Thermal Co-Conversion of Coal and Biomass/Waste (2014)

Biomass is relatively cleaner than coal and is the only renewable carbon resource that can be directly converted into fuel. Biomass can significantly contribute to the world’s energy needs if harnessed sustainably. However, there are also problems associated with the thermal conversion of biomass. This paper investigates and discusses issues associated with the thermal conversion of coal and biomass as a blend. Most notable topics reviewed are slagging and fouling caused by the relatively reactive alkali and alkaline earth compounds (K2O, Na2O and CaO) found in biomass ash. The alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) present and dispersed in biomass fuels induce catalytic activity during co-conversion with coal. The catalytic activity is most noticeable when blended with high rank coals. The synergy during co-conversion is still controversial although it has been theorized that biomass acts like a hydrogen donor in liquefaction. Published literature also shows that coal and biomass exhibit different mechanisms, depending on the operating conditions, for the formation of nitrogen (N) and sulfur species. Utilization aspects of fly ash from blending coal and biomass are discussed. Recommendations are made on pretreatment options to increase the energy density of biomass fuels through pelletization, torrefaction and flash pyrolysis to reduce transportation costs.
Effects of selective coronary hypotension and nitroglycerin or Bay a 1040 on the distribution of Rb86 clearance in the canine heart (1973)

The effects were investigated of acute selective coronary hypotension with or without nitroglycerin or Bay a 1040 on regional distribution of Rb86 clearance. When the left circumflex coronary artery was partially obstructed and its mean pressure was reduced below 50-60 mm Hg, Rb86 clearance of the left ventricle, especially of the subendocardium, decreased. In these conditions, nitroglycerin recovered partially to normal distribution of Rb86 clearance without altering total coronary flow and Bay a 1040 did not recover the disproportionate distribution but increased Rb86 clearance of non-ischaemic myocardium, especially of the subepicardium of the left ventricle. The effects of selective coronary hypotension, with or without nitroglycerin or Bay a 1040, on regional distribution of myocardial blood flow of the right ventricle were different from those of the left ventricle.
The crystal structure and mechanism of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (2000)

The crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis orotidine 5'-monophosphate (OMP) decarboxylase with bound uridine 5'-monophosphate has been determined by multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction phasing techniques and refined to an R-factor of 19.3% at 2.4 A resolution. OMP decarboxylase is a dimer of two identical subunits. Each monomer consists of a triosephosphate isomerase barrel and contains an active site that is located across one end of the barrel and near the dimer interface. For each active site, most of the residues are contributed by one monomer with a few residues contributed from the adjacent monomer. The most highly conserved residues are located in the active site and suggest a novel catalytic mechanism for decarboxylation that is different from any previously proposed OMP decarboxylase mechanism. The uridine 5'-monophosphate molecule is bound to the active site such that the phosphate group is most exposed and the C5-C6 edge of the pyrimidine base is most buried. In the proposed catalytic mechanism, the ground state of the substrate is destabilized by electrostatic repulsion between the carboxylate of the substrate and the carboxylate of Asp60. This repulsion is reduced in the transition state by shifting negative charge from the carboxylate to C6 of the pyrimidine, which is close to the protonated amine of Lys62. We propose that the decarboxylation of OMP proceeds by an electrophilic substitution mechanism in which decarboxylation and carbon-carbon bond protonation by Lys62 occur in a concerted reaction.
Some Aspects of Organic Tin Analysis by Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometry (1980)

Journal Article Some Aspects of Organic Tin Analysis by Gas Chromatography-Flame Photometry Get access Shubhender Kapila, Shubhender Kapila Environmental Trace Substances Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Corazon R. Vogt Corazon R. Vogt Environmental Trace Substances Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65201 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 18, Issue 3, March 1980, Pages 144–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/18.3.144 Published: 01 March 1980
Raman spectroscopy of carbon–nanotube–based composites (2004)

Recent developments in the application of Raman spectroscopy to carbon-nanotube-based composite materials are reviewed. This technique may be used to identify carbon nanotubes, access their dispersion in polymers, evaluate nanotube/matrix interactions and detect polymer phase transitions. The Raman spectra of nanotubes can also be used to quantify the strain or stress transferred to nanotubes from the surrounding environment and to investigate local stresses and strains in polymers and composites. A polarized Raman technique was developed to detect the stress or strain in a matrix using randomly dispersed single-walled nanotubes. This technique has been used to detect and map stress fields in model fibre-polymer composites. The stress distributions around fibre breaks were mapped and compared with classical load transfer models.
Image processing to reduce ultrasonic speckle. (1983)

The most significant source of noise in contemporary ultrasonic images is ultrasonic speckle, a phenomenon relating to random interference of ultrasonic waveforms in transducer sample volumes. Averaging of a number of ultrasonic images, which are slightly spatially shifted with respect to one another, leads to image improvement via speckle reduction. Such processing may provide a useful improvement of clinical ultrasonic images.
DIELECTRIC INCREMENTS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF SYNTHETIC POLYELECTROLYTES (1954)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Intra-abdominal Injury Following Blunt Trauma (1989)

The initial physical examination is frequently unreliable in identifying patients with blunt trauma at high risk for having serious intra-abdominal injury. Intra-abdominal injury may be associated with specific injuries or risk factors, but the usefulness of such objective clinical criteria in predicting intra-abdominal injury has not previously been determined. The presence or absence of each of 11 clinical indicators and their association with serious intra-abdominal injury were analyzed in 3223 patients with blunt trauma. Linear and logistic regressions were used to determine which factors were significant predictors of an increased probability of intra-abdominal injury. Arterial base deficit less than -3 mEq/L, major chest injury, hypotension, and pelvic fractures were found to significantly increase the chance of intra-abdominal injury. Early diagnostic evaluation of the abdomen using diagnostic peritoneal lavage or computed tomography should be strongly considered in patients with blunt trauma who present with these associated factors.
Field Observations of Social Behavior, Shelter Use, and Foraging in the Lobster, <i>Homarus americanus</i> (1989)

Over a three-year period (1978-1981) behavioral observations of the lobster, Homarus americanus, were made by snorkeling in a shallow cove. Three hundred and thirty-four (334) animals were individually marked and this was the only time they were disturbed. In summer, the resident population numbered about 30 animals. The size composition, activity patterns, and habitat use of this population are described in a companion paper (Karnofsky et al., 1989). Shelters are of prime importance in the life of the lobster. Lobsters spent most of their time in shelters, leaving only at night. They dug shelters under eelgrass, rocks, and boulders; shelter locations appeared clustered. Some animals changed shelters frequently whereas others occupied the same shelters for up to 10 weeks. Premolt behavior was characterized by multiple shelter use. Cohabitation in the same shelter occurred only during periods of pair formation: when a mature female shared a male's shelter prior to and following her molt. We report the only field evidence for such courtship cohabitation. Food foraging behavior was rare (0.35 instances/observation hour); most foraging involved live prey. Similarly, intraspecific interactions were surprisingly infrequent (0.2 instances/observation hour) and most, by far, did not involve physical contact. Although puncture wounds suggested intraspecific aggression, actual observations of escalating fights were rare. Premolt residents were involved in 65% of the interactions observed. In 70% of the interactions the larger animal won. However, smaller males and females could successfully defend their shelters against larger females. We report results from three homing experiments. The results suggest that much of the time that resident lobsters spend outside shelters is used to remain familiar with their constantly changing physical and social environment.
Development of Palladium‐Catalyzed Cycloalkenylation and Its Application to Natural Product Synthesis (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Optimal Approximation via the Equation Error Method of Linear Interconnected Systems (1988)

In this paper a method for constructing a reduced order model retaining the internal structure of the original high order interconnected system is derived under a single criterion. Reduced order models are obtained for several interconnected systems which have different interactions between subsystems.Obtained reduced order model is the optimal approximation in the sense that it minimizes the equation error. The equation errors and input-output characteristics are evaluated according to unit impulse or unit step responses and a sufficient condition for the stability of the reduced order model is derived under the assumption that the original system is stable.The validity of the proposed method is pointed via the numerical simulation at last.
Smart slewing frames (1992)

A slewing frame configured with a piezoceramic strut is discussed. The slewing of aframe similar to a satellite solar panel induces both torsional and bending vibration in theframe. The torsional modes are relatively uncontrollable with the motor used to slew theframe. This provides a natural application of active structure technology. A frame elementis replaced with a dynamically equivalent element which contacts eight self-sensingpiezoceramic actuators. These actuators render the torsional modes controllable. Thisanalysis and experiment are then used to investigate various control laws for performingvibration suppression while slewing.
Three-dimensional flow in a closed thermosyphon (1981)

A numerical and experimental study has been made of the three-dimensional flow and heat transfer by natural convection in a closed, rectangular thermosyphon. At low Rayleigh numbers, the flows in the two halves of the cavity remain separate, with heat transfer across the mid-height plane occurring only by conduction. At increasing Rayleigh numbers, an exchange process of increasing complexity occurs. The numerical solutions were used to explore this process and to predict flow patterns which were found to resemble closely those observed during previous investigations of cylindrical thermosyphons. The results were verified by a flow visualization study. Heat-transfer rates are presented and augment previous data for higher values of the governing parameters.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide−Water Mixture (2001)

Constant-pressure constant-temperature MD simulations at ambient conditions have been carried out to evaluate three different potential models for DMSO, both as pure liquid and in the (1:3) DMSO−H2 O mixture, based on structural, thermodynamical, and dynamical properties. All the three models for DMSO: OPLS, P2, and NPS, the last one proposed by us, gave a good description of liquid DMSO. In combination with the SPC/E and TIP3P water models, these three potential functions were applied to predict excess mixing functions, reorientational correlation times and diffusion coefficients of the (1:3) DMSO−water binary system. Results obtained with the P2 and NPS models in combination with the SPC/E model for water agreed better with experiment than the OPLS model with either TIP3P or SPC/E water. The new NPS potential model was further used for an analysis of the spatial solvation structure around DMSO in the 1:3 mixture of DMSO− water, based on pairwise spatial distribution functions of atomic number densities. To reveal key structural features and molecular topologies beyond the first solvation shell, a new type of multiparticle spatial distribution function was introduced. Statistical analysis of the hydrogen-bond network, in the system with a large excess of acceptors, revealed DMSO·2H2O but not the previously suggested DMSO·3H2O complexes. Also the widely accepted picture of the DMSO·2H2O complexes needs a revision since many of these water molecules were further bound to nearby DMSO molecules. Moreover, another typical configuration, consisting of two DMSO and three water molecules, of which one was bridged to the two DMSO molecules, was found. In general, the heavy and slowly moving DMSO molecules are stronger competitors for available donated hydrogen bonds than water molecules.
Ileus in critical illness: mechanisms and management (2002)

Nonobstructive ileus, signifying the impairment of coordinated propulsive intestinal motility, remains a frequently documented and almost inevitable consequence of open abdominal surgery and sepsis. Despite the frequency and major impact of ileus on morbidity and mortality, the exact underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms of this important clinical conundrum are still ill defined. Animal models suggest that both neuronal and local inflammatory responses within the intestinal muscularis mechanistically contribute to intestinal ileus. The neuronal mechanism appears to involve the enhanced release of nitric oxide from inhibitory motor neurons. Likewise, nitric oxide and prostaglandins are released from inflammatory cells (macrophages and monocytes) via the induction of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2. Recently, preliminary data have confirmed the existence of an intraoperative local muscularis inflammatory response during surgery in human patients.
Characterization of photo-induced pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers by laser desorption fourier transform mass spectrometry (1990)

Laser desorption Fourier transform mass spectrometry was used to characterize the cis-syn cyclobutane photodimers of uracil-uracil, uracil-thymine and thymine-thymine. This soft ionization technique generated [M-H]- ions as well as some fragment ions. Investigation of the laser desorption process indicated that gas-phase dimerization reactions do not occur for pyrimidine monomers and dimers under these experimental conditions. Collisional dissociation of the [M-H]- ions provided structural information for the pyrimidine rings of the dimers. The fragment ions observed in the collisional dissociation spectra of these cyclobutane dimers suggested rearrangement of the [M-H]- parent ions to a macrocycle prior to dissociation.
Yield Loads of Slabs With Reinforced Cutouts (1957)

Abstract A method of computing upper and lower bounds on the carrying capacity of a plane slab with a reinforced cutout is presented. The slab is subjected to a uniaxial load which is either uniform or applied by means of a perfectly rigid clamp. The results are applied to several examples and are found to agree quite well with experimental values.
Elevated Spinal Cyclooxygenase and Prostaglandin Release During Hyperalgesia in Diabetic Rats (2002)

Diabetic rats display exaggerated hyperalgesic behavior in response to noxious stimuli that may model aspects of painful diabetic neuropathy. This study examined the contribution of spinal prostaglandin production to this exaggerated hyperalgesic behavior. Rats were implanted with spinal dialysis probes and received noxious stimulation to the hind paw by subcutaneous injection of 0.5% formalin solution. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) was measured in dialysates of lumbar spinal cerebrospinal fluid concurrent with behavioral responses to formalin injection. In separate experiments, formalin-evoked behavioral responses were measured after intrathecal delivery of either a cyclooxygenase inhibitor or an EP(1) receptor antagonist, and cyclooxygenase protein was measured in spinal cord homogenates. Diabetic rats exhibited exaggerated behavioral responses to paw formalin injection and a concurrent prolongation of formalin-evoked PGE(2) release. Formalin-evoked behavioral responses were dose-dependently reduced in diabetic rats by spinal delivery of a cyclooxygenase inhibitor or an EP(1) receptor antagonist. Protein levels of cyclooxygenase-2 were elevated in the spinal cord of diabetic rats, whereas cyclooxygenase-1 protein was reduced. Hyperalgesic behavior in diabetic rats is associated with both increased cyclooxygenase-2 protein and cyclooxygenase-mediated PGE(2) release. Spinal delivery of selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 or antagonists of prostaglandin receptors may have therapeutic potential for treating painful diabetic neuropathy.
Acute Uremia but Not Renal Inflammation Attenuates Aseptic Acute Lung Injury (2006)

Acute renal failure (ARF) remains a major clinical challenge, especially in the intensive care setting. Mortality of ARF combined with acute lung injury (ALI) is even higher and may reach 80%. Recent studies have suggested a remote effect of ARF on pulmonary homeostasis. However, it is unknown whether and to what extent ARF clinically affects pulmonary function, in particular oxygenation. For elucidation of the impact of ARF on aseptic ALI, a murine two-hit model that consists of acute uremia (AU) and subsequent ALI was developed. AU was induced by renal ischemia-reperfusion (inflammatory AU) or bilateral nephrectomy (noninflammatory AU). ALI was initiated by intratracheal HCl instillation and characterized by severe, PMN-dependent decrease in arterial partial pressure of O(2) (>70%) in nonuremic mice. Uremic mice, by contrast, showed a significant protection from ALI (decrease in arterial partial pressure of O(2) <40%); this was independent of the type of AU. Reconstitution experiments, in which uremic neutrophils were injected into nonuremic mice and vice versa, identified uremic neutrophils as the primary mediators. Between normal and uremic neutrophils, there were no differences in apoptosis or superoxide production. Pulmonary recruitment of uremic neutrophils, however, was significantly attenuated compared with that of normal neutrophils. This defect was associated with altered surface expression of L-selectin; sialyl Lewis(x), an L-selectin counterreceptor, previously was proved to be critical in aseptic ALI. In conclusion, it is shown that AU but not renal inflammation attenuates aseptic, neutrophil-dependent ALI and exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by attenuating pulmonary neutrophil recruitment.
A direct monoclonal antibody sandwich immunoassay for detection of Bonamia ostreae (Ascetospora) in hemolymph samples of the flat oyster Ostrea edulis (Mollusca Bivalvia) (1992)

Currently recognltlon of molluscan dlseases relles heavlly upon llght mlcroscoplc examlnatlon of stained histological sections of molluscan tissues Such histopathological methods are time- consuming and relatively inefficient In the study of ongolng epizootics Alternatively, more effluent investigative tools are needed to accelerate d ~s e a s e recognltlon and quantif~catlon Such methods are needed to prevent control and eradicate molluscan dlseases Thls paper reports the development of a direct sandwich enzyme-linked lmmunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the ascetosporan intrahemocytic parasite B o n a m ~a ostreae of the flat oyster Ostrea eduhs Bonamiasls 1s a commercially important epizootic dlsease of oysters A Bonam~a-speciflc monoclonal antlbody IS employed in the assay The assay is performed In antibody-coated microplates employng standardized reagent solutions and 50 ul oyster hemolymph samples This procedure was developed into a commercial product, available as a kit Based upon cllnical studles, there was a 90 O/o agreement In test results when ELISAs were compared to the reference standard, hlstopathologic light microscopic examlnatlon for the parasites O Inter-Research/Pnnted ln Germany