gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Neonatal Hypothyroidism on Hepatic Gene Expression and Lipid Metabolism in Adulthood (2012)

Thyroid hormones are required for normal growth and development in mammals. Congenital-neonatal hypothyroidism (CH) has a profound impact on physiology, but its specific influence in liver is less understood. Here, we studied how CH influences the liver gene expression program in adulthood. Pregnant rats were given the antithyroid drug methimazole (MMI) from GD12 until PND30 to induce CH in male offspring. Growth defects due to CH were evident as reductions in body weight and tail length from the second week of life. Once the MMI treatment was discontinued, the feed efficiency increased in CH, and this was accompanied by significant catch-up growth. On PND80, significant reductions in body mass, tail length, and circulating IGF-I levels remained in CH rats. Conversely, the mRNA levels of known GH target genes were significantly upregulated. The serum levels of thyroid hormones, cholesterol, and triglycerides showed no significant differences. In contrast, CH rats showed significant changes in the expression of hepatic genes involved in lipid metabolism, including an increased transcription of PPARα and a reduced expression of genes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol uptake, cellular sterol efflux, triglyceride assembly, bile acid synthesis, and lipogenesis. These changes were associated with a decrease of intrahepatic lipids. Finally, CH rats responded to the onset of hypothyroidism in adulthood with a reduction of serum fatty acids and hepatic cholesteryl esters and to T3 replacement with an enhanced activation of malic enzyme. In summary, we provide in vivo evidence that neonatal hypothyroidism influences the hepatic transcriptional program and tissue sensitivity to hormone treatment in adulthood. This highlights the critical role that a euthyroid state during development plays on normal liver physiology in adulthood.
High expression of eosinophil chemoattractant ecalectin/galectin‐9 in drug‐induced liver injury (2005)

High expression of ECL/GL9 is suggested to be a specific finding of DILI. However, tissue eosinophilia in DILI cannot be explained by the augmentation of ECL/GL9 expression.
Inversion of Enantioselectivity of Asymmetric Biocatalytic Decarboxylation by Site‐Directed Mutagenesis Based on the Reaction Mechanism. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Neural network approach to land cover mapping (1994)

A pattern classification method is proposed for remote sensing data using neural networks. First, the authors apply the error backpropagation (BP) algorithm to classify the remote sensing data. In this case, the classification performance depends on a training data set. In order to get stable and precise classification results, the training data set is selected based on geographical information and Kohonen's self-organizing feature map. Using the training data set and the error backpropagation algorithm, a layered neural network is trained such that the training patterns are classified with a specified accuracy. After training the neural network, some pixels are deleted from the original training data set if they are incorrectly classified and a new training data set is built up. Once training is complete, a testing data set is classified by using the trained neural network. The classification results of LANDSAT TM data show that this approach produces excellent results which are more realistic and noiseless compared with a conventional Bayesian method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Vinyl Isocyanides. (1985)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (III) und (VI) werden durch zwei unterschiedliche Verfahren synthetisiert.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1): its manifestations and effect of genetic screening on clinical outcome (2008)

MEN1 is a syndrome with high morbidity. Genetic diagnosis is associated with less morbidity at diagnosis and at follow-up. Early genetic diagnosis might therefore lead to improvement of long-term outcome.
Interaction of La<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>4</sub> (100) Surface with Oxygen Molecule: A First-Principles Study (2013)

Along the way to designing of new cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), an understanding of the mechanism of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) plays a key role, especially the interaction between O2 molecule and surface of cathode. Recently, La2NiO4 with K2NiF4-type structure has been developed, and it has received great attention as an oxygen sensor and a potential cathode for SOFCs. However, the chemical activity of La2NiO4, in particular, the ORR on the surface, has not been studied so thoroughly. In this report, we present the structural and energetic results of O2 adsorbed onto the perfect and defective La2NiO4 (100) surface to elucidate the interaction mechanism between O2 molecule and cathode using atomistic computer simulation based on density functional theory. The results show that the surface structure and the adsorbed configurations are vital for O2 adsorption. and activation. The adsorbed species on the perfect surface are energetically less favorable than defective surface. The Ni site is preferred with adsorption energy of −1.25 (Ni-super) and −1.80 eV (Ni-per), much higher than these of La site, supporting the fact that transition-metal cations are more active than lanthanon metals in K2NiF4-type compounds. Surface oxygen vacancy is found to enhance the adsorption energy of O2 molecule on the La2NiO4 (100) surface; in addition, oxygen vacancy can be an active site in O2 adsorption. The most stable configuration is Ni–O–Ni mode, with the highest adsorption energy being −2.61 eV. This can be confirmed by the analysis of the local density of states (LDOS) and the difference electron density. These results have an important implication for understanding the ORR on La2NiO4 (100) surface.
Observation of a midinfrared fine-structure transition for the single trapped barium ion (1992)

We report observation of laser excitation of a narrow, magnetic-dipole-allowed, infrared transition in a single trapped ion. Quantum jumps of a ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{+}$ atom were observed using a diode laser tuned in resonance with the excited-state 5d $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{3/2}$--5d $^{2}$${\mathit{D}}_{5/2}$ transition at 12.48 \ensuremath{\mu}m. Single-ion resonance line shapes were obtained and a transition frequency of \ensuremath{\nu}=24 012 033\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}11 MHz was determined. Calculated quantum jump rates of the D-D transition for the applied laser spectral brightness yield agreement with experimentally observed values.
Interactive Chlorine-by-Bromine and Hydrogen-by-Hydroxyl Group Replacement Effects in 2(5H)-Furanone Mutagenicity (1994)

Both bromine- and chlorine-substituted 2(5H)-furanones are produced by the chlorination of ligno-humic waters containing bromide ion. The molar mutagenicities of four bromine- and chlorine-substituted 2(5H)-furanones were determined by the Salmonella typhimurium (TA100) assay to explore Cl-by-Br and H-by-OH replacement effects on mutagenicity. Each of these two replacements was expected to enhance mutagenicity based on earlier work showing that lower LUMO energy levels and greater radical anion stability correlated with elevated TA100 mutagenicity. The four compounds investigated were the following: 2,3-dibromo-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (mucobromic acid, MBA); 2,3-dibromo-2(5H)-furanone (reduced mucobraomic acid, RMBA); 2,3-dichloro-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone (mucochloric acid, MCA); and 2,3-dichloro-2(5H)-furanone (reduced mucochloric acid, RMCA). Mean molar mutagenicities were found to be 5.54, 1.18, 2.92 and 0.105 revertants/nmol for the four compounds in the order named. Mutagenicity enhancements resulting from Cl-by-Br and H-by-OH replacements were analyzed by simple ratios of mean molar mutagenicity and by multiple regression analysis. The effect of the Cl-by-Br replacement on mutagenicity amounted to a 1.9-fold enhancement in the presence of C-5 OH, but an 11-fold enhancement in the presence of C-5 H. This demonstrated that the two replacement effects were interactive. Higher mutagenicity values corresponded to lower AM1 computed LUMO energy levels and greater radical anion stabilities.
Independence of the effective dielectric constant of an electrolytic solution on the ionic distribution in the linear Poisson-Nernst-Planck model (2014)

We consider the influence of the spatial dependence of the ions distribution on the effective dielectric constant of an electrolytic solution. We show that in the linear version of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model, the effective dielectric constant of the solution has to be considered independent of any ionic distribution induced by the external field. This result follows from the fact that, in the linear approximation of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck model, the redistribution of the ions in the solvent due to the external field gives rise to a variation of the dielectric constant that is of the first order in the effective potential, and therefore it has to be neglected in the Poisson's equation that relates the actual electric potential across the electrolytic cell to the bulk density of ions. The analysis is performed in the case where the electrodes are perfectly blocking and the adsorption at the electrodes is negligible, and in the absence of any ion dissociation-recombination effect.
Analysis of artificial proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry (1992)

The growing use of recombinant DNA methods for the preparation of artificial proteins has created a pressing need for techniques for the rapid analysis of macromolecular structure. We report herein the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry to determine the structure and purity of an artificial copolypeptide prepared as part of our ongoing investigation of the crystallization behavior of periodic protein. The mass spectra demonstrate that SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is insensitive to the presence of degraded fragments of the artificial protein and that molecular masses estimated by SDS-PAGE may be in error by more than 100%. Furthermore, accurate mass determination by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry allowed the discovery of two previously undetected mutations in the DNA code for the protein.
Complex Cyanide-Simple Cyanide Exchange Systems<sup>1</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplex Cyanide-Simple Cyanide Exchange Systems1Alan G. MacDiarmid and Norris F. HallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 16, 4222–4228Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01645a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01645a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development and Scale-Up of an Optimized Route to the ALK Inhibitor CEP-28122 (2011)

Evolution of the process strategies to prepare CEP-28122, an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitor, is presented. The initial medicinal chemistry route, used for the preparation of key supplies for biological screening, is reviewed. In addition, the process research and development of the final optimized process for manufacture of preclinical and clinical supplies is discussed. Details regarding a blocking group strategy for selective nitration; discovery of a one-pot transfer hydrogenation to effect a reductive amination, nitro group reduction, and dehalogenation; an enzymatic resolution of a critical intermediate; and the discovery of a novel, stable, in situ generated mixed mesylate hydrochloride salt of the API are disclosed.
Synthesis, Electronic and Magnetic Characterization of the Ternary Nitride (Fe0.8Mo0.2)MoN2 (1995)

The new layered ternary transition metal nitride (Feo.8Moo.2)MoN2 has been synthesized in a single-step reaction by the ammonolysis of the transition-metal oxide, Fe2(MoO,i)3. Powder X-ray diffraction data were collected and the structure was refined using the Rietveld method (P31c, a = 2.8562(1) A, c = 10.9997(4) A). The structure consists of alternating layers of MN6 (M = Mo:Fe (1:4)) octahedra and M'N6 (M' = Mo) trigonal prisms. The magnetic susceptibility data display a maximum at 20 K. Four-probe conductivity measurements indicate poor metallic conductivity with a very small temperature dependence.
Dietary Sphingomyelin Alleviates Experimental Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice (2008)

The effect of dietary sphingomyelin (SM) on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) induced with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was examined in mice. Although the severity of IBD as expressed by the disease activity index (DAI) markedly increased with DSS administration, feeding a diet containing SM lowered the DAI value significantly. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic tissue also increased with DSS administration, suggesting the development of inflammation. Because simultaneous administration of SM with DSS prevented the MPO activity increase, we concluded that SM could suppress the development of inflammation. These results provide novel evidence that dietary supplementation with SM can alleviate the symptoms of IBD in mice. Dietary SM also increased the amount of IgA in the large intestine, suggesting that SM promotes IgA secretion into the large intestine. These results suggest that the mechanism of IBD mitigation by SM is complex and involves the immune system.
Definitions of power quality levels and the simplest approach for unbundled power quality services (2002)

Unbundled power quality service is paid much attention to under the circumstances of deregulation and diversification of needs of customers for quality and price of electric power. One of the features of flexible, reliable and intelligent electrical energy delivery system (FRIENDS) is the unbundled power quality service. It is required to define the power quality in order to design the hardware of quality control center (QCC) in the FRIENDS concept, which is placed in the distribution system to supply several levels of power quality to customers, because there are many aspects for power quality. This paper shows one method to define the quality of power for unbundled power quality service, assuming to supply three levels of power quality such as premium power, high quality and normal quality power. The simplest circuit of QCC for single-phase loads is also presented in this paper.
Photoschädigung und Photoalterung – Prävention und Behandlung (2005)

The exposure of human skin to environmental and artificial ultraviolet irradiation has increased significantly. This is not only due to an increased solar UV irradiation as a consequence of the stratospheric ozone depletion, but also the result of an inappropriate social behaviour with the use of tanning parlors being very popular. Besides this, leisure activities and living style with travelling to equatorial regions also add to the individual annual UV load. Since the population in industrialised countries shows an increasing total life span, in parallel the cumulative life time dose of solar and artificial UV-irradiation is dramatically augmented. In addition to the common longterm detrimental effects like immunosuppression and skin cancer, the photooxidative damage due to energy absorption of UV photons in an oxygenized environment leads to alterations of cells, subcellular compartments and macromolecules. The clinical manifestations of UV/ROS induced disturbances result in photoaged skin with wrinkle formation, laxity, leathery appearance as well as fragility, impaired wound healing and higher vulnerability. Strategies to prevent or to minimize photoaging and intrinsic aging of the skin necessarily include protection against UV irradiation and antioxidant homoeostasis. New developments of therapeutic interventions including DNA repair enzymes will be discussed.
Fixing the fixtures (1994)

this article describes fixtures designed explicitly for the compact fluorescent lamp. They offer an effective and permanent solution to energy efficient residential lighting. Topics include advantages of pin-based dedicated fixtures; CFL ups and downs orientation; taking advantage of technology; moving the market.
Structural modification to achieve antiresonance in helicopters (1982)

A design method is developed to create an antiresonance (by modifying structural properties) of a vibrating system under sinusoidal loading. A local modification method in which appendant systems are added to the original structure is used to analyze such systems. Since the original system and added systems are treated entirely separately, this method allows for efficient repetitive searching until the appendant system produces a meaningful reduction in vibration. Finally, the direct design of appendant structures to create antiresonance is presented. These methods are illustrated by numerical results obtained for a 44-degree-of-f reedom elastic line helicopter model.
Adhesion of glow discharge polymers (1981)

Abstract Various reaction parameters in a propylene glow discharge polymerization were investigated with the objective of synthesizing films having good adhesion to metal and glass substrate. Monomer flow rate (at a constant pumping efficiency) was found to exert a significant effect on the quality of polymer adhesion to substrates. Good adhering polymeric films were obtained only at high flow rates where the deposition rate decreases with an increase in monomer flow rate. This observation applied also to ethylene, propane, allyl bromide, and ϵ‐caprolactam. Transmission electron microscopy of the freshly deposited polymer films indicated a defect‐free structure of the polymer surface obtained at high flow rates. The polymer surface obtained at low flow rates had a bead structure superimposed by uniformly placed circular defects.
Nonlinear dependence of set time on pulse voltage caused by thermal accelerated breakdown in the Ti/HfO2/Pt resistive switching devices (2012)

Dynamic processes of resistance switching have been systemically investigated for the Ti/HfO2/Pt bipolar devices. Different transient characteristics were observed in the set and reset processes. The set process consisted of a waiting step and a following abrupt transition, whereas the reset process demonstrated a gradual resistance change. Nonlinear dependence of set time on pulse voltage was observed and explained by the thermally accelerated dielectric breakdown of local switching regions. The accumulation and dissipation effects observed for different pulse treatments strongly supported the proposed model, which suggests a possible approach to overcome the voltage-time dilemma.
Efficient trans-cleavage by the Schistosoma mansoni SMalpha1 hammerhead ribozyme in the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus (2002)

The catalytic hammerhead structure has been found in association with repetitive DNA from several animals, including salamanders, crickets and schistosomes, and functions to process in cis the long multimer transcripts into monomer RNA in vivo. The cellular role of these repetitive elements and their transcripts is unknown. Moreover, none of these natural hammerheads have been shown to trans-cleave a host mRNA in vivo. We analyzed the cis- and trans-cleavage properties of the hammerhead ribozyme associated with the SMalpha DNA family from the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. The efficiency of trans-cleavage of a target RNA in vitro was affected mainly by both the temperature-dependent chemical step and the ribozyme-product dissociation step. The optimal temperature for trans-cleavage was 70 degrees C. This result was confirmed when both the SMalpha1 ribozyme and the target RNA were expressed in the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus. Moreover, SMalpha1 RNA showed a remarkable thermostability, equal or superior to that of the most stable RNAs in this species, suggesting that SMalpha1 RNA has been selected for stability. Computer analysis predicts that the monomer and multimer transcripts fold into highly compact secondary structures, which may explain their exceptional stability in vivo.
Growth hormone receptor gene variant and three-dimensional mandibular morphology (2016)

Our results indicate that the GHR variant rs6180 is associated with the distance between the left and right coronoid process in the Japanese subjects.
Amino acid variant in the kinase binding domain of dual-specific A kinase-anchoring protein 2: A disease susceptibility polymorphism (2003)

The focus of human genetics in recent years has shifted toward identifying genes that are involved in the development of common diseases such as cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and Alzheimer's disease. Because many complex diseases are late-onset, the frequencies of disease susceptibility alleles are expected to decrease in the healthy elderly individuals of the population at large because of their contribution to disease morbidity andor mortality. To test this assumption, we compared allele frequencies of 6,500 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in approximately 5,000 genes between DNA pools of age-stratified healthy, European-American individuals. A SNP that results in an amino acid change from Ile to Val in the dual-specific A kinase-anchoring protein 2 (d-AKAP2) gene, showed the strongest correlation with age. Subsequent analysis of an independent sample indicated that the Val variant was associated with a statistically significant decrease in the length of the electrocardiogram PR interval. The IleVal SNP is located in the A-kinase-binding domain. An in vitro binding assay revealed that the Ile variant bound approximately 3-fold weaker to the protein kinase A (PKA)-RIalpha isoform than the Val variant. This decreased affinity resulted in alterations in the subcellular distribution of the recombinantly expressed PKA-RIalpha isoform. Our study suggests that alterations in PKA-RIalpha subcellular localization caused by variation in d-AKAP2 may have a negative health prognosis in the aging population, which may be related to cardiac dysfunction. Age-stratified samples appear to be useful for screening SNPs to identify functional gene variants that have an impact on health.