gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ocean Oil Spill Classification with RADARSAT-2 SAR Based on an Optimized Wavelet Neural Network (2017)

Oil spill accidents from ship or oil platform cause damage to marine and coastal environment and ecosystems. To monitor such spill events from space, fully polarimetric (Pol-SAR) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been greatly used in improving oil spill observation. Aiming to promote ocean oil spill classification accuracy, we developed a new oil spill identification method by combining multiple fully polarimetric SAR features data with an optimized wavelet neural network classifier (WNN). Two sets of RADARSAT-2 fully polarimetric SAR data are applied to test the validity of the developed method. The experimental results show that: (1) the convergence ability of optimized WNN can be enhanced, improving overall classification accuracy of ocean oil spill, in comparison to the classification results based on a common un-optimized WNN classifier; and (2) the joint use of the multiple fully Pol-SAR features as the inputs of the classifier can achieve better classification result than that only with single fully Pol-SAR feature. The developed method can improve classification accuracy by 4.96% and 7.75%, compared with the classification results with un-optimized WNN and only with one single fully polarimetric SAR feature. The classification overall accuracy based on the proposed approach can reach 97.67%. Experimental results have proven that the proposed approach is effective and applicable to classify the ocean oil spill.
Pressure image assimilation for atmospheric motion estimation (2009)

The complexity of dynamical laws governing 3D atmospheric flows associated with incomplete and noisy observations makes the recovery of atmospheric dynamics from satellite images sequences very difficult.In this report, we face the challenging problem of estimating physical sound and timeconsistent horizontal motion fields at various atmospheric depths for a whole image sequence.Based on a vertical decomposition of the atmosphere, we propose two dynamically consistent atmospheric motion estimators relying on different multi-layer dynamical models.Both estimators use a framework derived from data assimilation and are applied on noisy and incomplete pressure difference observations derived from satellite images.In the first model, dense pressure difference maps are reconstructed according to a shallow-water model on each cloud layer.While performing this reconstruction, the variational process estimates the average horizontal wind fields of the multi-layer model.The second model relies on a simplified vorticity-divergence form of the previous multi-layer shallow-water model.In this case, average horizontal motion fields are estimated for each layer without reconstructing pressure maps.While the simplified model is not as precise as the exact shallow-water model, the latter estimator exploits finer spatio-temporal image structures and succeeds in characterizing motion at smaller spatial scales.The performance of both methods is assessed on synthetic examples and on real world meteorological satellite image sequences.
Protein and Cholesterol Content of Araucana Chicken Eggs (1977)

Comparative data collected over two years are presented which refute the popular press claims that blue-shelled eggs of Araucana chickens have higher protein levels and lower cholesterol levels than market eggs. These comparisons were made between the eggs from the strains of Araucanas and those of White Leghorns and Sex-links. None of the differences found between test groups in % protein/g. albumen and % protein/g. yolk were shown to be consistently related to any one test group type. However, all Araucana test groups were significantly (P less than .01) lower in their total egg protein content than either control group by from 2.8--6.5%. This lower total protein content was the result of a consistent increase in the yolk/albumen ratio of the Araucana eggs over the market eggs. The Araucana eggs were consistently higher in their cholesterol levels on a mg./g. yolk basis than either of the market eggs. These increased concentrattions ranged from 2.0--6.9%.
An Active Learning Based Approach For Effective Video Annotation And Retrieval (2015)

Conventional multimedia annotation/retrieval systems such as Normalized Continuous Relevance Model (NormCRM) [16] require a fully labeled training data for a good performance. Active Learning, by determining an order for labeling the training data, allows for a good performance even before the training data is fully annotated. In this work we propose an active learning algorithm, which combines a novel measure of sample uncertainty with a novel clustering-based approach for determining sample density and diversity and integrate it with NormCRM. The clusters are also iteratively refined to ensure both feature and label-level agreement among samples. We show that our approach outperforms multiple baselines both on a recent, open character animation dataset and on the popular TRECVID corpus at both the tasks of annotation and text-based retrieval of videos.
Toward Easily Enlarged Superhydrophobic Materials with Stain-Resistant, Oil–Water Separation and Anticorrosion Function by a Water-Based One-Step Electrodeposition Method (2017)

One-step fabrication methods toward superhydrophobic (SH) coatings are recognized as very cost-efficient. However, most of the emerged one-step methods rely on the organic solvents to dissolve low surface energy material, which might bring serious environmental issues. In this work, a water-based one-step electrodeposition route was provided to obtain high-performance SH coating on various materials and output functional products such as the mesh used for oil–water separation, a self-cleaning “blackboard”, or stain-resistant cloth; all can be prepared within 5 min. An unconventional lauric acid emulsion containing metal ions served as the electrolyte, and with the appearance of an ultrasonic field, the organic part was effectively co-deposited. The coated SH surface enjoyed excellent mechanical stability and corrosion-resistance property. Profitably, the electrolyte can be repeatedly utilized for several cycles. Besides, our experiment proved that this technique was really scalable, rendering it with great potential for quantity production.
Sulfur doping of GaAs with (NH4)2Sx solution (1999)

A novel technique for sulfur doping to GaAs was demonstrated. The surface of GaAs was treated with (NH4)2Sx solution, subsequent to annealing using either furnace or rapid thermal processing. Sulfur atoms adsorbed at the surface of GaAs during the (NH4)2Sx treatment diffuse into GaAs during the annealing. The diffusion profiles of sulfur in both types of annealing treatments show a concave shape from the GaAs surface. Diffusion constants of sulfur determined using the Boltzmann–Matano technique increase with the decrease of sulfur concentration via the depth from the surface of GaAs. This suggests that immobile sulfur donor SAs+ forms at the near surface interacts with a Ga divacancy, and results in the production of mobile As interstitials, IAs. The IAs moves fast toward the inside of GaAs and kickout the SAs+ donor, producing a fast diffusing species of interstitial S atoms. The diffusion coefficients of sulfur determined are 2.5×10−14 cm2/s at 840 °C and 5×10−12 cm2/s at 900 °C. The sulfur doping technique is applied to the fabrication of metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFETs). The MESFETs with 1.0 μm gate length exhibit transconductance of 190 mS/mm, demonstrating the applicability of this technique to the formation of active channel layer of MESFETs.
Magnetic properties of small particles for possible magneto-optical pigments (1999)

Some peculiarities in the magnetic properties of ferrite small particles that may influence their magneto-optical performance are discussed. Particles with the rare-earth iron garnet (RIG) structure and with the hexagonal barium-ferrite structure are emphasized. The presence of a noncollinear spin structure in the surface of a particle and its variation with the temperature as well as a possible reduction in the exchange interactions in the core of a particle in the RIG small ferrimagnetic particles provide a basis for some of the peculiarities observed in the macroscopic magnetic properties. There is a surface effect and possibly also a process-induced bulk effect; as a result the Faraday rotation in these particles may be reduced. A minimization of the process-induced magnetic properties by improving the fabrication process, especially for the RIG small particles, and/or the construction of new media with process-insensitive materials would seem to be keys for the further development of these particles as MO pigments.
Electrodeposition Kinetics for Tin, Lead, and Tin‐Lead Fluoborate Plating Solutions (1986)

The kinetics of tin, lead, and tin‐lead alloy deposition was studied by using stripping voltammetric technique. It was found that the rate of metal deposition depends upon the concentration of the metal ions (e.g., Sn2+, Pb2+, ) in solution, rotating speed of the working electrode in some cases, and the temperature of the plating solutions. The effect of an organic additive, peptone, on the reaction rate has also been determined. Based upon these results, a mechanism is proposed to explain the deposition process.
Polyurethane networks from different soy‐based polyols by the ring opening of epoxidized soybean oil with methanol, glycol, and 1,2‐propanediol (2009)

Abstract A series of polyols with a range of hydroxyl (OH) numbers based on soybean oil and epoxidized soybean oil were prepared by oxirane ring opening with methanol, glycol, and 1,2‐propanediol. The polyols, with average functionalities varying from 2.6 to 4.9, were characterized. Novel cast polyurethane resins were synthesized from these polyols and 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate. The sol fraction of the network decreased as the OH number of the polyol from which it was synthesized increased. None of the samples were completely soluble. The crosslinking density of the polyurethanes correlated directly with the functionality of the polyols. The thermal and mechanical properties of the cast resins were characterized with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. The glass‐transition temperature increased with the OH number increasing, and the thermal stability of the resins was slightly decreased with the OH number increasing. The tensile strength at break increased with the OH number increasing. Polyurethanes prepared from polyols with OH numbers higher than 170 mg of KOH/g were glassy, whereas those with OH numbers below that value were rubbery. Glassy polyurethanes displayed decent mechanical strength, whereas rubbery samples showed relatively poor elastic properties and were characterized by lower strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
DNA Polymerase β Conducts the Gap-filling Step in Uracil-initiated Base Excision Repair in a Bovine Testis Nuclear Extract (1995)

The G:U mismatch in genomic DNA mainly arises from deamination of cytosine residues and is repaired by the base excision repair pathway. We found that a bovine testis crude nuclear extract conducts uracil-initiated base excision repair in vitro. A 51-base pair synthetic DNA substrate containing a single G:U mismatch was used, and incorporation of dCMP during repair was exclusively to replace uracil. A neutralizing polyclonal antibody against DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) inhibited the repair reaction. ddCTP also inhibited the repair reaction, whereas aphidicolin had no significant effect, suggesting that activity of beta-pol was required. Next, the base excision repair system was reconstituted using partially purified components. Several of the enzymatic activities required were resolved, such that DNA ligase and the uracil-DNA glycosylase/apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease activities were separated from the DNA polymerase requirement. We found that purified beta-pol could restore full DNA repair activity to the DNA polymerase-depleted fraction, whereas purified DNA polymerases alpha, delta, and epsilon could not. These results with purified proteins corroborated results obtained with the crude extract and indicate that beta-pol is responsible for the single-nucleotide gap filling reaction involved in this in vitro base excision repair system.
Problems in the Acoustic Determination of the Modulus of Fibers (1972)

Equipment was built to measure the Young's modulus of fibers using ultrasonic pulses. Moduli measured on single straight strands of aluminum and copper wire are in satisfactory agreement with accepted values. Moduli measured on carbon fiber yarns are as much as 45% lower than the static values. This difference arises because the individual filaments in the yarn are not straight but are twisted into a helix. This is verified by measurements on multiple stranded copper wire and theoretical calculations. (Author, modified-PL)
Compact gravity inversion (1983)

Abstract A new criterion for the inversion of gravity data minimizes the volume of the causative body, which is equivalent to maximizing its compactness. The anomalous density distribution is obtained using an iterative technique which is numerically stable and rapidly convergent. The principle can also be adapted to include modeling of gravity anomalies by single-density sources. The method is illustrated by the inversion of noise-free and noisy data generated from a two-dimensional model consisting of a regular array of identical rectangular blocks whose densities can be individually specified. In every case the algorithm successfully recovers the correct density distribution from the data. In the case of noise-contaminated data, a complete separation of the noise from the signal is achieved. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by the inversion of published gravity data.--Modified journal abstract.
Modeling probability and additive summation for detection across multiple mechanisms under the assumptions of signal detection theory (2015)

Many studies have investigated how multiple stimuli combine to reach threshold. There are broadly speaking two ways this can occur: additive summation (AS) where inputs from the different stimuli add together in a single mechanism, or probability summation (PS) where different stimuli are detected independently by separate mechanisms. PS is traditionally modeled under high threshold theory (HTT); however, tests have shown that HTT is incorrect and that signal detection theory (SDT) is the better framework for modeling summation. Modeling the equivalent of PS under SDT is, however, relatively complicated, leading many investigators to use Monte Carlo simulations for the predictions. We derive formulas that employ numerical integration to predict the proportion correct for detecting multiple stimuli assuming PS under SDT, for the situations in which stimuli are either equal or unequal in strength. Both formulas are general purpose, calculating performance for forced-choice tasks with M alternatives, n stimuli, in Q monitored mechanisms, each subject to a non-linear transducer with exponent τ. We show how the probability (and additive) summation formulas can be used to simulate psychometric functions, which when fitted with Weibull functions make signature predictions for how thresholds and psychometric function slopes vary as a function of τ, n, and Q. We also show how one can fit the formulas directly to real psychometric functions using data from a binocular summation experiment, and show how one can obtain estimates of τ and test whether binocular summation conforms more to PS or AS. The methods described here can be readily applied using software functions newly added to the Palamedes toolbox.
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in South Vietnam: Report of the 1963 Outbreak (1965)

SummaryAn outbreak of mosquito-borne hemorrhagic fever occurred in the Mekong River delta and the city of Saigon, South Vietnam, in the rainy season of 1963. High mortality accompanied the rural outbreak. Clinically, the disease resembled that described in other outbreaks in Southeast Asia. Three dengue viruses identified tentatively as type 2 were recovered, two from patients and one from Aedes aegypti captured in Saigon. Serologic data strongly suggested dengue virus etiology in clinically diagnosed cases. In view of at least one earlier outbreak of this disease, it is not possible to establish the date of the first occurrence of hemorrhagic fever in South Vietnam.
Robust Audio Watermarking In The Time Domain (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Detection of Gonococcal Antigens by an Indirect Sandwich Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (1982)

The detection of gonococcal antigens by an indirect sandwich ELISA system is described. The feasibility of using rabbit antiserum raised against whole cells of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain 9 to detect gonococcal lipopolysaccharide, whole cells, and outer membrane (OM) protein was investigated. OM protein was found to be the main antigen detectable with the antiserum in a direct ELISA system. A positive result in the indirect assay could be obtained with a minimum of 46 to 92 ng of gonococcal OM protein or with 6.6 X 10(3) cfu of N. gonorrhoeae. The sensitivity of the assay was found to be approximately eightfold lower with OM complex from a strain of N. meningitidis serogroup B for which the minimum amount of OM protein detected was 375 ng. Negative results were obtained with OM complex from Streptococcus agalactiae, Bacteroides bivius and Escherichia coli. The assay seems to be highly specific for gonococcal antigens. The sensitivity of the assay and its specificity commend it for further evaluation in the detection of gonococcal antigens in clinical specimens.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination ofAspirin and Omeprazole (2014)

In this study, reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method have been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of aspirin and omeprazole. The chromatographic separation was achieved in a Zorbax Eclipse XDB- C18 (4.6 × 250 mm × 5 μ) as a stationary phase Acetonitrile: Water (50:50, v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. UV detection was performed at 293 nm. The retention time of aspirin and omeprazole was found to be 3.260 and 1.787 min respectively. The results of analysis were validated statistically and by recovery studies. Linearity, accuracy and precision were acceptable in the ranges (2-14 μg/ml) for aspirin and (2-18 μg/ml) for omeprazole. The % recovery for aspirin and omeprazole was 99.79 and 99.61, respectively. The results of the studies showed that the proposed Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was simple, rapid, precise and accurate, which can be used for the routine determination of aspirin and omeprazole.
XXVII. <i>On the law of the diffusion of gases</i> (1833)

(1833). LVIII. On the law of the diffusion of gases. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 351-358.
The application of DSP techniques in HF radio receiver design (1988)

A typical receiver has a two or three stage superheterodyne structure to achieve the very high degree of discrimination against out of band signals necessary to operate in what has become a very crowded part of the radio spectrum. Recent advances in digital signal processing technology now offer the possibility of implementing many of the signal processing functions digitally. This paper examines the performance requirements necessary for operation in the HF band and the manner in which these are met by purely analogue receivers. It then examines the performance requirements for a digital receiver, A-D conversion techniques and digital implementation of the traditional receiver functions of channel filtering, SSB separation, AGC and demodulation.
A survey of enabling technologies in synthetic biology (2013)

The set of enabling technologies compiled from this survey provide insight into the many and varied technologies that support innovation in synthetic biology. Many of these technologies are widely accessible for use, either by virtue of being in the public domain or through legal tools such as non-exclusive licensing. Access to some patent protected technologies is less clear and use of these technologies may be subject to restrictions imposed by material transfer agreements or other contract terms. We expect the technologies considered enabling for synthetic biology to change as the field advances. By monitoring the enabling technologies of synthetic biology and addressing the policies and practices that impact their development and use, our hope is that the field will be better able to realize its full potential.
VII. Note on regression and inheritance in the case of two parents (1895)

Abstract Consider a population in which sexual selection and natural selection may or may not be taking place. Assume only that the deviations from the mean in the case of any organ of any generation follow exactly or closely the normal law of frequency, then the following expressions may be shown to give the law of inheritance of the population.
Turbulence-degraded Infrared Image Blind Restoration Method Based on Generalized Regularization (2006)

A turbulence-degraded blind image restoration method based on generalized regularization was proposed.A appropriate turbulence-degraded model was established for infrared image and the entire restoration method was designed in the framework of maximum-likelihood estimation.To suppress noise and incorporate knowledge about infrared image more effectively,the proposed method generalizes original nonlinear regularization.The strategy of generalized regularization was suggested,which divides regularization into two parts with different emphasis on noise-suppression and image edge-preservation,and alternately estimates PSF and object image.
446 Mbit/s integrated optical repeater (1985)

This paper describes the performance of a 446-Mbit/s integrated optical repeater which consists of four monolithic-integrated circuits (MIC's) using silicon bipolar-process technology. Repeater sensitivity for a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> is -37.5 dBm, and dynamic jitter is less than 0.3 degrees. Decision-level deviation of less than 1 percent caused by an ambient temperature change, and that of less than 4 percent due to a mark-ratio change is achieved by using a monolithic-integrated control system developed for a dc-coupled optical receiver. The degradation of the output optical power is less than 0.5 dB over a temperature range of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0-30\deg</tex> C. A power penalty of about 2 dB is observed for a 30°C ambient temperature increase.
Some Properties of the Parallel Plate Spark Counter I (1949)

A parallel plate spark counter was constructed to provide a uniformly sensitive avalanche volume for the detection of ionizing radiation. It is shown that such a counter avoids the random delay errors inherent in counters with cylindrical geometry.The spark counter provides a pulse of several hundred volts with a rise time of 3 \ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$ second, requiring no additional amplification for detection. The recovery times show a marked dependence on the cathode material and, while they may be several seconds long for some materials, recovery times of the order of one millisecond have been obtained with the use of lead and tin cathodes.The problem of high resolution counting and also the problem of reducing the recovery time in spark counters is discussed.