gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning to Answer Biomedical Factoid & List Questions: OAQA at BioASQ 3B. (2015)

This paper describes the CMU OAQA system evaluated in the BioASQ 3B Question Answering track. We first present a three-layered architecture, and then describe the components integrated for exact answer generation and retrieval. Using over 400 factoid and list questions from past BioASQ 1B and 2B tasks as background knowledge, we focus on how to learn to answer questions using a gold standard dataset of question-answer pairs, using supervised models for answer type prediction and candidate answer scoring. On the three test sets where the system was evaluated (3, 4, and 5), the official evaluation results have shown that the system achieves an MRR of .1615, .5155, .2727 for factoid questions, and an F-measure of .0969, .3168, .1875 for list questions, respectively; five of these scores were the highest reported among all participating systems.
<title>Simple image analysis/synthesis technique and its application in image coding</title> (1990)

In this paper, a simple image analysis/synthesis technique is proposed which provides exact reconstruction of an image from a set of subimages with the overall number of samples of all subimages being equal to the number of samples of the original image and each subimage extracting a context-dependent feature. The technique has been developed in terms of nonoverlapping divisions of an image followed by nonsingular linear transformations of the individual blocks. The Hadamard transform is an example of a typical linear transformation that can be used in the proposed technique. The above technique appears attractive in image processing, in particular, in image coding. Basically there are two fundamental coding techniques: predictive coding and transform coding. The proposed analysis/synthesis technique could be used for subband coding of images using any of these two coding techniques. By making use of the correlation between the subimages and setting samples of subimages to zero when their variances are less than a given threshold, it is possible to improve the coding efficiency. In addition we can use the proposed technique to implement a two source coding scheme.
Voice and text messaging-a concept to integrate the services of telephone and data networks (2003)

A concept is proposed for a voice and text messaging (VTM) system, which can integrate the distinct services of the telephone and data networks very quickly. In Taiwan the telephone network has very wide coverage and a large number of users, while the data network has very limited number of subscribers, because they have to possess a terminal. The core of VTM described is a Chinese text-to-speech system which can transform any Chinese text processed in the data network into Mandarin voice for transmission over the telephone network. The telephone network users can key in their instructions such as choice of information, text processing, forward and backward skipping by pressing the touch-tone buttons of the telephone set. The electronic mail and database information services provided by the data network therefore become a portion of the voice mail and message services provided by the telephone network. A large number of telephone network users, even without a terminal, can be served by both networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of Self-Admitted Technical Debt Using Enhanced Feature Selection Based on Word Embedding (2019)

Self-admitted technical debt (SATD) is annotated in source code comments by developers and has been recognized as a great source of discovering flawed software. To reduce manual effort, some recent studies have focused on automated detection of SATD using text classification methods. To train their classifier, these methods need labeled samples, which also require a lot of effort to obtain. We developed a new SATD identification method, which takes advantage of a large corpus of unlabeled code comments, extracted from open source projects, to train a word embedding model. After applying feature selection, the pre-trained word embedding is used for discovering semantically similar features in source code comments to enhance the original feature set. By using such enhanced feature set for classification, our goal was to improve the identification of SATD when compared to existing methods. The proposed feature enhancement method was used with the three most common feature selection methods (CHI, IG, and MI), and three well-known text classification algorithms (NB, SVM, and ME) and was tested on ten open source projects. The experimental results show a significant improvement in SATD identification over the compared methods. With an achieved 82% of correct predictions of SATD, the proposed method seems to be a good candidate to be adopted in practice.
Fundus changes in patients with the mitochondrial DNA point mutation at position 3243. (1996)

The A3243G transition in the mitochondrial DNA is commonly associated with the syndrome of mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS). Previously, atypical pigmentary retinopathy has been described in patients with this syndrome and in patients with other phenotypes of the same mitochondrial defect. Maternally inherited diabetes mellitus and deafness has been recognized as a distinct clinical presentation of the mitochondrial point mutation at position 3243, and recently a pattern dystrophy has been identified as a characteristic ocular abnormality in these patients. The finding of a macular pattern dystrophy in patients with diabetes should therefore lead to screening for this aberrant mitochondrial genome.
Dual operational amplifier using flip-chip fine package of 1.0×1.0×0.6-mm with 8-pin counts (2002)

This 1.0/spl times/1.0/spl times/0.6-mm flip-chip fine package has a 0.35-mm pin pitch and 8-pin counts in which a dual operational amplifier (0.83/spl times/0.78/spl times/0.2-mm Si IC) is fabricated. The 91.4/spl times/58.1/spl times/0.2-mm arrayed ceramic substrate contains 2816 1.0/spl times/1.0-mm packages that are made by a flip-chip bond process. Chip-coat process executes underfill and overcoat processes simultaneously. Mount area of the FFP is only 4.4% the area of a shrink small outline package with 8-pin counts. The reliability of the FFP is almost same as that of the conventional resin mold package.
Body Position Effects on EMG Activity of Sternocleidomastoid and Masseter Muscles in Patients with Myogenic Cranio-Cervical-Mandibular Dysfunction (1996)

This study was conducted in order to determine the effects of body position on integrated electromyographic (IEMG) activity of sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles in 17 patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction. EMG recordings at rest and during swallowing of saliva and maximal voluntary clenching were performed by placing surface electrodes on the sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles (contralateral to the habitual side of sleeping of each patient), in the following body positions: standing, seated, supine, and lateral decubitus position. Significant higher EMG activities were recorded in the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the lateral decubitus position and in the supine position (except during swallowing), whereas a significant higher EMG activity was recorded in the masseter muscle during maximal voluntary clenching in standing and seated positions. The EMG pattern observed suggests that the presence of parafunctional habits and body position could be closely correlated with the clinical symptomatology in the sternocleidomastoid and masseter muscles at wakening and during waking hours, respectively, in patients with myogenic cranio-cervical-mandibular dysfunction.
Process simulation of a dual-stage Selexol process for 95% carbon capture efficiency at an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant (2015)

It was aimed to simulate a conventional dual-stage Selexol process for removing CO2 and H2S simultaneously from a synthesis gas (syngas) originated from a typical Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power plant driven by a dry-coal fed gasifier using Honeywell UniSim R400. The solubilities of syngas components on Selexol were predicted by temperature-dependant Henry’s law constants being newly evaluated in this study based on the experimental data in Xu et al. (1992). The operating conditions of the dual-stage Selexol unit were determined so as to meet simultaneously various performance targets, such as 99+% H2 recovery, 90% CO2 recovery, 99+% H2S recovery, and less than 20 ppm H2S in CO2 product. By and large the resulting energy consumptions of the Selexol process were in good agreement with those reported in DOE NETL (2010) that this study was based on. It was shown that the integrated dual-stage Selexol unit could achieve 95% carbon capture rate as well as 90% by simply changing the operating conditions. By contrast a CO2 removal Selexol process having not an input of lean solvent generated by thermal regeneration could not achieve 95% carbon capture rate due to a pinch point formed at the top of the CO2 absorber.
The effect of cultivar, seeding rate and applied nitrogen on<i>Brassica carinata</i>seed yield and quality in contrasting environments (2012)

Pan, X., Caldwell, C. D., Falk, K. C. and Lada, R. 2012. The effect of cultivar, seeding rate and applied nitrogen on Brassica carinata seed yield and quality in contrasting environments. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 961–971. The unremitting growth of oilseed demand makes it necessary to explore alternative oilseed crops to meet this requirement. This study evaluated the effects of genotype, seeding rate and nitrogen (N) supply on the seed yield and quality of oilseed Brassica carinata A. Braun in three contrasting environments (Truro, NS, Harrington, PE and Saskatoon, SK). Useful genetic variation in agronomic and seed quality characteristics was found among these 10 B. carinata genotypes and genotype selection requires location specific recommendation. Line 050488EM had consistently good yield in both Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, while line 070768EM displayed better yield stability across 2 yr in Saskatchewan. Because of the high degree of compensatory ability to low plant population, maximum seed yield of B. carinata can be achieved over the range from 34 to 114 plants m −2 . No significant difference in oil and protein content of seed due to seeding rates was observed. The linear increase in seed and oil yield with increased N rate up to 150 kg ha −1 indicates that B. carinata is highly responsive to applied N. Increases in N supply resulted in a decrease in oil content and a corresponding increase in protein content in all experiments. In summary, the findings of this study provide convincing evidence of the agronomic adaptation of B. carinata to all three locations.
Analytical Formula for Inductance of Metal of Various Widths in Spiral Inductors (2004)

This paper presents an analytical formula for the inductance of an inductor with the layout of variable metal width, based on the quasistatic approximation. Experimental results indicate that the analytical formula is feasible. A layout with metal whose width increases monotonously from the inner turn has a higher Q value than other configurations of the metal with the same inductance. This information will be of help in designing high-performance inductors for RF integrated circuit applications.
The allyl ether as a protecting group in carbohydrate chemistry (1966)

The alkaline isomerisation of allyl ethers of carbohydrates to the corresponding prop-1-enyl ethers and removal of the latter by dilute-acid hydrolysis has been used in the preparation of the following benzyl ethers: 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose, 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-galactopyranose, 3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-D-galacititol, 5-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose, and 5,6-di-O-benzyl-1,2,-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose. The prop-1-enyl group in 1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-3-O-prop-1′-enyl-D-glucofuranose could be removed by ozonolysis followed by alkaline hydrolysis or by the action of alkaline potassium permanganate solution.
Model reference adaptive integral sliding mode control for switched delay systems (2008)

This paper proposes a strategy of model reference adaptive integral sliding mode variable structure control to solve the tracking problem for a class of uncertain switched systems with time-varying delay. A stable integral sliding surface is first constructed. An adaptive control technique is used to adapt the unknown upper bounds of perturbations. Furthermore, adaptive variable structure controllers are employed such that the switched delay system containing perturbations with unknown upper bounds tracks the reference model under arbitrary switching signals. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method.
Vile Bodies and Bad Medicine (1986)

Journal Article Vile Bodies and Bad Medicine Get access Pete Boss Pete Boss Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Screen, Volume 27, Issue 1, January/February 1986, Pages 14–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/screen/27.1.14 Published: 01 January 1986
PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILES AND ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WHEAT (2005)

How interactions among multiple predators affect the stability of trophic cascades is a topic of special ecological interest. To examine factors affecting the stability of the classic tri-trophic oyster reef cascade within a different context, configurations of three predators, including the Gulf toadfish, Gulf stone crab, and oystershell mud crab, were manipulated together with either oyster shell or limestone gravel substrate within a multiple predator effects (MPE) experiment. Additionally, a complimentary set of trait-mediated-indirect interaction (TMII) experiments examined the inhibition of oyster consumption relative to mud-crab size and top predator identity in the absence of other cues and factors. The classic tri-trophic cascade formed by the toadfish-mud crab-oyster configuration was potentially weakened by several interactions within the MPE experiment. Consumption of oysters and mud crabs by the intraguild stone crab was undeterred by the presence of toadfish. Although mud crab feeding was inhibited in the presence of both toadfish and stone crabs, estimated non-consumptive effects (NCEs) were weaker for stone crabs in the MPE experiment. Consequently, the total effect was destabilizing when all three predator species were together. Inhibition of mud crab feeding was inversely related to direct predation on mud crabs within the MPE experiment. Complimentary TMII experiments revealed greater inhibition of mud crab feeding in response to stone crabs under sparse conditions. TMII experiments also implied that inhibition of mud crab feeding could have largely accounted for NCEs relative to oysters within the MPE experiment, as opposed to interference by other mud crabs or top predators. An inverse relationship between mud crab size and NCE strength in the TMII experiment disclosed another potentially destabilizing influence on the tri-trophic-cascade. Finally, although habitat complexity generally dampened the consumption of oysters across MPE treatments, complex habitat promoted mud crab feeding in the presence of toadfish alone. This study underscores how ecological interactions can mediate trophic cascades and provides some additional insights into the trophic dynamics of oyster reefs for further testing under natural conditions.
Real-time tool condition monitoring using wavelet transforms and fuzzy techniques (2000)

Wavelet transforms and fuzzy techniques are used to monitor tool breakage and wear conditions in real time according to the measured spindle and feed motor currents, respectively. First, continuous and discrete wavelet transforms are used to decompose the spindle and feed ac servo motor current signals to extract signal features so as to detect the breakage of drills successfully. Next, the models of the relationships between the current signals and the cutting parameters are established under different tool wear states. Subsequently, fuzzy classification methods are used to detect tool wear states based on the above models. Finally, the two methods above are integrated to establish an intelligent tool condition monitoring system for drilling operations. The monitoring system can detect tool breakage and tool wear conditions using very simple current sensors. Experimental results show that the proposed system can reliably detect tool conditions in drilling operations in real time and is viable for industrial applications.
Realtime detection of salient moving object: A multi-core solution (2008)

Detection of salient moving object has great potentials in activity recognition, scene understanding, etc. However techniques to characterizing the object in fine granularity have not been well developed in real applications due to the computational intensity. The emerging multi-core technology in hardware design provides an opportunity for the compute intensive algorithms to boost speed in parallel. This paper proposed a scalable approach to detecting salient moving object which is designed inherently for parallelization. To characterize the object in fine granularity, we extract color-texture homogenous regions as the basic processing unit by image segmentation. To identify salient object, we generate probabilistic template by learning the space-time context. The parallel algorithm is implemented using OpenMP. Evaluations have been carried out on sports, news, and home video data. For the CIF size image, we get processing speed of 51.1 frames per second and near linear speed up on an eight-core machine. It indicates that the algorithm parallelization is a promising solution for practical applications in the multimedia field.
Expression of male sterility in alloplasmic <i>Brassica juncea</i> with <i>Erucastrum canariense</i> cytoplasm and the development of a fertility restoration system (2001)

Abstract An alloplasmic mustard, Brassica juncea , has been synthesized by placing its nucleus into the cytoplasm of the related wild species Erucastrum canariense to express cytoplasmic male sterility. To achieve this, the sexual hybrid E. canariense (2 n =18, E c E c ) × Brassica campestris (2 n = 20, AA) was repeatedly backcrossed to B. juncea (2n = 36, AABB). Cytoplasmic male‐sterile (CMS) plants were recovered in the BC 4 generation. These plants are a normal green and the flowers have slender, non‐dehiscing anthers that contain sterile pollen. Nectaries are well developed and female fertility is > 90%. The fertility restoration gene was introgressed to CMS B. juncea from the cytoplasmic donor E. canariense through pairing between chromosomes belonging to B. juncea with those of the E. canariense genome. The restorer plants have normal flowers, with well‐developed anthers containing fertile pollen. Meiosis proceeds normally. Pollen and seed fertility averaged 90% and 82%, respectively. F 1 hybrids between CMS and the restorer are fully pollen fertile and show normal seed set. Preliminary results indicate that restoration is achieved by a single dominant gene. The constitution of the organelle genomes of the CMS, restorer and fertility restored plants is identical, as revealed by Southern analysis using mitochondrial and chloroplast probes atp A and psb D, respectively.
Laser‐Induced Acoustic Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Single Bioparticles (2006)

Einzelne geladene Biopartikel wie Viren, Bakterien und komplette Säugerzellen wurden durch laserinduzierte Schallwellen desorbiert und anschließend in einer Quadrupol-Ionenfalle massenspektrometrisch analysiert. Dieser Ansatz verbindet hoch empfindliche Detektion mit genauer Massenmessung. Durch die Bestimmung der Masse ganzer Zellen ergeben sich potenzielle biomedizinische Anwendungen.
Job Loss and Changes in Personality - Evidence from Plant Closures (2016)

Personality traits and other non-cognitive skills have long been considered to be quite stable over adulthood. Economic studies on non-cognitive skills as determinants of educational and labor market outcomes therefore assumed their stability over time to rule out reverse causality. However, recent evidence from psychology suggests that the stability assumption may not always hold. Our paper aims at identifying causal effects of job loss on changes in personality and thereby at complementing recent studies in economics and psychology on the stability of personality traits. We use data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (SOEP) for the years 2004 to 2014 which include measures of the Big 5 personality inventory with two repeated measurements as well as detailed employment information. We focus on plant closures and dismissals, which have been widely used as an exogenous event in the literature. Our results based on linear regression models and on a novel econometric method to account for selectivity suggest that job loss leads to a drop in emotional stability. The other dimensions of the Big 5 personality inventory remain (nearly) unchanged. Moreover, the drop in emotional stability is more pronounced for individuals who do not find re-employment. Individuals who face changes in their non-cognitive skills following a job loss may find it more difficult to re-enter employment, which may explain duration dependence of unemployment.
How is expression of the interleukin‐5 gene regulated? (1996)

Eosinophilia is a uniquely specific phenomenon regulated by interleukin-5 (IL-5), suggesting specific control for IL-5 expression. However in eosinophilia IL-5 is often co-expressed with other lymphokines such as IL-4, indicating that common, as well as independent, control mechanisms must exist. IL-5 gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level. The molecular analysis of the IL-5 promoter region reveals the presence of positive regulatory sites that are common to many lymphokine genes. Results from immunosuppression studies suggest that the key control mechanism of IL-5 regulation may not depend on specific regulatory factors but on how gene expression is activated.