gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandins in the eye: Function, expression, and roles in glaucoma (2016)

Prostaglandins are small pro-inflammatory molecules derived from arachidonic acid that play roles in a multitude of biological processes including, but not limited to, inflammation, pain modulation, allergies, and bone formation. Prostaglandin analogues are the front-line medications for the treatment of glaucoma, a condition resulting in blindness due to the death of retinal ganglion cells. These drugs act by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), a major risk factor for glaucoma. The currently used prostaglandin analogues (latanoprost, bimatoprost, tafluprost, and travoprost) mimic PGF2 and target one of the prostaglandin receptors (FP), though research into harnessing the other receptors using compounds like Sulprostone (EP3 receptor), or Iloprost (IP receptor) are currently ongoing. In this review, we summarize the research into each of the prostaglandin molecules (PGD2, PGE2, PGF2, PGI2, TXA2) and their respective receptors (DP, EP1, 2, 3, 4, FP, IP). We examine the modes of action of each of these receptors, their expression, their role in aqueous humour production and outflow within the eye, as well as their roles as medications for the treatment of glaucoma.
A fully-integrated 3-level DC/DC converter for nanosecond-scale DVS with fast shunt regulation (2011)

In recent years, chip multiprocessor architectures have emerged to scale performance while staying within tight power constraints. This trend motivates per core/block dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) with fast voltage transition. Given the high cost and bulk of off-chip DC/DC converters to implement multiple on-chip power domains, there has been a surge of interest in on-chip converters. This paper presents the design and experimental results of a fully integrated 3-level DC/DC converter that merges characteristics of both inductor-based buck and switched-capacitor (SC) converters. While off-chip buck converters show high conversion efficiency, their on-chip counterparts suffer from loss due to low quality inductors. With the help of flying capacitors, the 3-level converter requires smaller inductors than the buck converter, reducing loss and on-die area overhead. Compared to SC converters that need more com plex structures to regulate higher than half the input voltage, 3-level converters can efficiently regulate the output voltage across a wide range of levels and load currents. Measured results from a 130nm CMOS test-chip prototype demon strate nanosecond-scale voltage transition times and peak conversion efficiency of 77%.
Regulatory T cells and asthma (2009)

Airway inflammation in asthma is characterized by activation of T helper type-2 (Th2) T cells, IgE production and eosinophilia. In many cases, this process is related to an inappropriate T cell response to environmental allergens, and other T cell-dependent pathways may also be involved (such as Th17). Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are T cells that suppress potentially harmful immune responses. Two major subsets of Treg are CD25(hi), Foxp3(+)Tregs and IL-10-producing Tregs. There is evidence that the numbers or function of both subsets may be deficient in patients with atopic allergic disease. Recent work has extended these findings into the airway in asthma where Foxp3 expression was reduced and CD25(hi) Treg-suppressive function was deficient. In animal models of allergic airways disease, Tregs can suppress established airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness, and protocols to enhance the development, recruitment and function of Tregs have been described. Together with studies of patients and in vitro studies of human T cells, these investigations are defining potential interventions to enhance Treg function in the airway in asthma. Existing therapies including corticosteroids and allergen immunotherapy act on Tregs, in part to increase IL-10 production, while vitamin D3 and long-acting beta-agonists enhance IL-10 Treg function. Other possibilities may be enhancement of Treg function via histamine or prostanoid receptors, or by blocking pro-inflammatory pathways that prevent suppression by Tregs (activation of Toll-like receptors, or production of cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha). As Tregs can also suppress the potentially beneficial immune response important for controlling infections and cancer, a therapeutic intervention should target allergen- or site-specific regulation.
When the Data are Functions (1982)

A datum is often a continuous function x ( t ) of a variable such as time observed over some interval. One or more such functions are observed for each subject or unit of observation. The extension of classical data analytic techniques designed for p -variate observations to such data is discussed. The essential step is the expression of the classical problem in the language of functional analysis, after which the extension to functions is a straightforward matter. A schematic device called the duality diagram is a very useful tool for describing an analysis and for suggesting new possibilities. Least squares approximation, descriptive statistics, principal components analysis, and canonical correlation analysis are discussed within this broader framework.
Rapid recognition of group B streptococci by pigment production and counterimmunoelectrophoresis (1976)

Streptococci from clinical isolates were studied for their ability to produce pigment in stab cultures in Columbia agar. Serological grouping of these organisms was done by counterimmunoelectrophoresis using Burroughs-Wellcome antisera. In this group of isolates, 66 of the 68 organisms grouped as B by serological testing produced pigment in the Columbia agar stab cultures. Pigment was not produced by any of the other 36 streptococci studied (11 group A, 9 group C, 4 group D, and 12 nongroupable). The use of the Columbia agar stab culture is recommended as a rapid and simple test for recognition of group B streptococci. The counterimmunoelectrophoresis test is also suggested as a convenient, rapid, and sensitive method for grouping the streptococci.
Network File Transfer Performance: Effect of IP Address, TCP Window Size and File Size (2010)

The aim of this study is to quantify performance of network file transfer for research testbed. This study was carried out because Internet users nowadays has surfing tendency to stream video, download and upload video which need more Internet bandwidth. In addition, there is also a requirement for clarification between theoretical and actual performance of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6). This study is important for researchers and network administrators because output from this study is useful for them as an input for simulation and decision making process. Testbed used for this study consists of computers, network switch, server and routers. Multiple sizes of files were transferred by using multiple sizes of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Window and IP address version. Result from the test shows that there is a performance gap for file transfer between different IP address versions. More study in this research area will be done because there is a need for enhancement in IP based network performance.
Coupling Oxygen Ion Conduction to Photocatalysis in Mesoporous Nanorod-like Ceria Significantly Improves Photocatalytic Efficiency (2011)

The mesoporous nanorod-like ceria with high BET surface area of 121 m2/g is prepared by a facile method, microwave-assisted hydrolysis of Ce(NO3)3·6H2O in presence of urea. As compared to bulk ceria, its absorption edge significantly shifts to the visible region with a band gap of as low as 2.75 eV due to the presence of Ce3+. A novel strategy of significantly improving its photocatalytic efficiency is developed by coupling oxygen ion conduction to photocatalysis in the mesoporous nanorod-like ceria, in which UV–visible photons and thermal energy from a Hg lamp were integrated. Under such photothermocatalytic oxidation conditions, the mesoporous nanorod-like ceria exhibits much higher photothermocatalytic activity for the gas-phase minerlization of organic contaminants than corresponding alone thermocatalytic and photocatalytic activity and good photothermocatalytic stability. The significantly enhanced mobility of oxygen ions with increasing temperature raised by thermal energy from the Hg lamp greatly improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes by UV–vis photons in the mesoporous nanorod-like ceria. Moreover, the hole-trapped lattice oxygen ion generated by UV–vis irradiation is more active than the lattice oxygen ion for benzene oxidation. These beneficial effects promote catalytic efficiency for gas-phase purification of organic contaminants such as benzene, hexane, and actone.
AUTOMATED FIRST ARRIVAL PICKING: A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH<sup>1</sup> (1992)

A bstract A back‐propagation neural network is successfully applied to pick first arrivals (first breaks) in a background of noise. Network output is a decision whether each half‐cycle on the trace is a first or not. 3D plots of the input attributes allow evaluation of the attributes for use in a neural network. Clustering and separation of first break from non‐break data on the plots indicate that a neural network solution is possible, and therefore the attributes are suitable as network input. Application of the trained network to actual seismic data (Vibroseis and Poulter sources) demonstrates successful automated first‐break selection for the following four attributes used as neural network input: (1) peak amplitude of a half‐cycle; (2) amplitude difference between the peak value of the half‐cycle and the previous (or following) half‐cycle; (3) rms amplitude ratio for a data window (0.3 s) before and after the half‐cycle; (4) rms amplitude ratio for a data window (0.06 s) on adjacent traces. The contribution of the attributes based on adjacent traces (4) was considered significant and future work will emphasize this aspect.
Multi‐slice helical CT: Scan and reconstruction (1999)

The multi-slice CT scanner refers to a special CT system equipped with a multiple-row detector array to simultaneously collect data at different slice locations. The multi-slice CT scanner has the capability of rapidly scanning large longitudinal (z) volume with high z-axis resolution. It also presents new challenges and new characteristics. In this paper, we study the scan and reconstruction principles of the multi-slice helical CT in general and the 4-slice helical CT in particular. The multi-slice helical computed tomography consists of the following three key components: the preferred helical pitches for efficient z sampling in data collection and better artifact control; the new helical interpolation algorithms to correct for fast simultaneous patient translation; and the z-filtering reconstruction for providing multiple tradeoffs of the slice thickness, image noise and artifacts to suit for different application requirements. The concept of the preferred helical pitch is discussed with a newly proposed z sampling analysis. New helical reconstruction algorithms and z-filtering reconstruction are developed for multi-slice CT in general. Furthermore, the theoretical models of slice profile and image noise are established for multi-slice helical CT. For 4-slice helical CT in particular, preferred helical pitches are discussed. Special reconstruction algorithms are developed. Slice profiles, image noises, and artifacts of 4-slice helical CT are studied and compared with single slice helical CT. The results show that the slice profile, image artifacts, and noise exhibit performance peaks or valleys at certain helical pitches in the multi-slice CT, whereas in the single-slice CT the image noise remains unchanged and the slice profile and image artifacts steadily deteriorate with helical pitch. The study indicates that the 4-slice helical CT can provide equivalent image quality at 2 to 3 times the volume coverage speed of the single slice helical CT.
Synthesis and mass spectra of some 3-acylamino-2-piperidones (1971)

A number of 3-acylamino-2-piperidones having hydroxy-, oxo-, or vinyl groups in the acyl residue have been synthesized. The mechanism of formation by electron impact of the principal fragment ions of 3-(3-hydroxybutyrylamino)-2-piperidone has been investigated by examination of deuteriated analogues.
Antitumor Effects of Quercetin in Hepatocarcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo Models: A Systematic Review (2019)

Quercetin is a flavonoid present in fruits, vegetables and plants with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. Its beneficial activities have been demonstrated in different human pathologies, including hepatoprotective effects against liver disorders. High mortality and late diagnosis of the primary liver tumor hepatocarcinoma (HCC) makes this cancer an interesting target for the study of quercetin effects. Our aim was to systematically review antitumor activities of quercetin in HCC preclinical studies employing single, encapsulated, combined or derived quercetin forms. Literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science (WOS), and 39 studies were finally included. We found that 17 articles evaluated quercetin effects alone, six used encapsulated strategy, 10 combined this flavonoid, two decided to co-encapsulate it and only four studied effects of quercetin derivatives, highlighting that only nine included in vivo models. Results evidence the quercetin antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties against HCC either alone and with the mentioned strategies; nevertheless, few investigations assessed specific activities on different processes related with cancer progression. Overall, further studies including animal models are needed to deeper investigate the precise mechanisms of action of quercetin as antitumor agent, as well as the potential of novel strategies aimed to improve quercetin effects in HCC.
Some aspects of the pharmacology, chemistry and biology of the midgut gland toxins of some Hawaiian sea hares, especially Dolabella auricularia and Aplysia pulmonica (1969)

Ph.D.
Embedded unidirectional incomplete hypercubes for optical networks (1993)

Many proposals of virtual regular topologies embedded in physical topologies for high-speed wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical networks do not consider the issue of allowing a variable number of nodes in the network. A solution for embedding a virtual unidirectional incomplete hypercube into a physical topology that does is presented. The proposed solution is a multichannel multihop network which has several elegant features: (a) it allows any number of nodes to be connected to the network, (b) it only requires a minor effort to reconfigure the new interconnection whenever a node is added or deleted for the network, (c) it supports a self-routing strategy, (d) the aggregate throughput of the network increases as more nodes are added, and (e) alternate paths are available which have a comparable distance to the destination as the primary path. The performance of the scheme is comparable to the performance of both the unidirectional hypercube and the bidirectional hypercube.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Appendix (2013)

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Human Telomeres Are Tethered to the Nuclear Envelope during Postmitotic Nuclear Assembly (2012)

Telomeres are essential for nuclear organization in yeast and during meiosis in mice. Exploring telomere dynamics in living human cells by advanced time-lapse confocal microscopy allowed us to evaluate the spatial distribution of telomeres within the nuclear volume. We discovered an unambiguous enrichment of telomeres at the nuclear periphery during postmitotic nuclear assembly, whereas telomeres were localized more internally during the rest of the cell cycle. Telomere enrichment at the nuclear rim was mediated by physical tethering of telomeres to the nuclear envelope, most likely via specific interactions between the shelterin subunit RAP1 and the nuclear envelope protein Sun1. Genetic interference revealed a critical role in cell-cycle progression for Sun1 but no effect on telomere positioning for RAP1. Our results shed light on the dynamic relocalization of human telomeres during the cell cycle and suggest redundant pathways for tethering telomeres to the nuclear envelope.
Fine needle diathermy - A choice for managing corneal vascularization (1970)

FND is a simple safe, inexpensive and effective treatment. It can be repeated and used as an alternative therapy for corneal vascularization.
A channel estimation using sliding window approach and tuning algorithm for MLSE (1999)

A simultaneous sliding window channel estimation and timing adjustment method is proposed for adaptive maximum-likelihood sequence equalizer (MLSE) in the global system for mobile communication (GSM) system, and also a tuning scheme based on least mean squared (LMS) algorithm is presented in order to improve the performance of equalizer. Simulation results show that the proposed channel estimation technique is effective for channel estimation of the adaptive equalizer.
Acute tubular necrosis (1992)

Associate Director of Education in Critical Care New England Medical Center Hospitals Boston, Massachusetts
Selective Elimination of the Exonuclease Activity of the Deoxyribonucleic Acid Polymerase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> B by Limited Proteolysis (1970)

Purification of DNA polymerase from E. coli B has in two cases each time led to the isolation of two separate polymerase activities, enzyme A and enzyme B. Enzyme A was in contrast to enzyme B almost completely devoid of exonuclease activity. Each of the two enzymes yielded a single symmetrical activity peak in gel filtration chromatograms. From the elution volumes the molecular weights were estimated to be about 70,000 for enzyme A and about 150,000 for enzyme B. Treatment of enzyme B with subtilisin led to an increase of about 30 per cent of the polymerase activity while the exonuclease activity almost completely disappeared. The product of the subtilisin treatment (enzyme C) gave rise to a single symmetrical polymerase activity peak in a gel filtration chromatogram. The elution volume was identical to that obtained with enzyme A. It is concluded that enzyme A and enzyme C are formed by limited proteolysis of enzyme B.
Automatic recognition method of planar target based on return light intensity (2011)

Planar target plays an important role in the calibration,data collection and single point measurement of 3D laser scanner of middle and long range.The high precision and automatic recognition of planar targets is a key problem in application of laser scanner.A new recognizing method was put forward by using return light intensity based on analyzing the character of scan data.The steps are as follows: the return light intensity was corrected to eliminate the effects of distance.The point cloud of planar target was obtained by threshold segmenting based on return light intensity.A cluster method was proposed to gather the point cloud of planar target.The area detection was adopted to eliminate those objects which were not real target.3D coordinate of planar target center was computed by adopting return light intensity weighting method.Experimental results obtained by using Riegl′s LMS Z620 show that this method can realize the full automatic recognition quickly with the accuracy of point position better than 2 mm and meet the needs of survey task.
Gap solitons and the nonlinear optical response of superlattices (1987)

We study theoretically the transmission of radiation through superlattices of finite length, where the dielectric constant of one film in each unit cell contains a term linear in the local field intensity. When such a system is illuminated with radiation with frequency in a stop gap, increasing power can switch it from a state with low transmissivity to a state with transmissivity of unity. Gap solitons play a key role in the phenomenon.
Sustainable painting: Don't gloss over it (2012)

Everyone is looking for ways to be more environmentally aware in their building methods and choice of materials - yet painting is often overlooked. Jonathan Green looks at some of the recent developments in the sector.
The Search for Minimal Risk in International Paediatric Clinical Trials (2006)

Difficult ethical and regulatory challenges are raised whenever children are enrolled in non-beneficial research.Their resolution takes on new significance in the light of transnational pharmaceutical development trials in developing countries.This paper examines what international guidelines exist and how they address the challenges posed by involving children in non-beneficial clinical trials, focussing on the concept of 'minimal' risk as a legal and ethical standard to protect children from exposure to unwarranted risks presented by such trials.It reviews approaches to the question of minimal risk before evaluating the adequacy of existing international guidelines to address the needs of children and what can be done to strengthen them.
Diterpenoids from the Roots of Salvia hypargeia (1988)

From the root extracts of Salvia hypargeia, in addition to the known diterpenoids cryptanol and horminone, six new abietane diterpenoids were isolated. The structures of the new and the known compounds were established by spectral data. The new compounds, hypargenins A, B, C, D, and F, showed antibacterial activity, while hypargenin F was also active against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Hypargenin E did not exhibit antibacterial activity.
New Evidence for Stroke Prevention (2002)

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most developed nations. There is a significant body of evidence supporting strategies that target primary and secondary stroke prevention. This evidence cannot be broadly applied to all patients, and each patient's situation and values must be considered with regard to shared evidence-based decision making. Several models can be used to apply evidence to individual patients, including formal clinical decision analysis, decision aids, or simpler tools such as the likelihood of being helped vs harmed. Various programmatic models of providing patient care in stroke prevention may also be useful; these include specialized clinics or disease-management programs, anticoagulation management services, and self-testing and management of anticoagulation by patients.