gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization of flavonoid enzymes in Arabidopsis roots (2001)

Immunofluorescence and immuno-electron microscopy have been used to test the hypothesis that flavonoid metabolism is organized as a membrane-associated enzyme complex. The cellular and subcellular locations of chalcone synthase (CHS) and chalcone isomerase (CHI), the first two enzymes of this pathway, were examined in Arabidopsis roots. High levels of both enzymes were found in the epidermal and cortex cells of the elongation zone and the root tip, consistent with the accumulation of flavonoid endproducts at these sites. Co-localization of CHS and CHI was observed at the endoplasmic reticulum and tonoplast in these cells, and also in electron-dense regions that are, as yet, unidentified. In addition, a striking asymmetric distribution was observed for these enzymes in cortex cells of the elongation zone, which may provide clues about the physiological function of flavonoids in roots. The accumulation of CHS and CHI was also examined in tt7(88), a mutant in the gene for flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H), which has been postulated to serve as a membrane anchor for the flavonoid enzyme complex. CHS and CHI accumulated to lower levels in cortex cells and higher levels in epidermal cells in the roots of this mutant as compared with wild-type plants. Moreover, the electron-dense regions containing these two enzymes were not observed. However, localization of CHS and CHI to the ER and tonoplast did not appear to be affected, suggesting that other proteins may function in recruiting the "soluble" flavonoid enzymes to membranes. Staining of flavonoid endproducts with DPBA was consistent with expression of CHS and CHI in these seedlings.
Homology Dependence of Targeted Recombination at the Chinese Hamster <i>APRT</i> Locus (1994)

Using simple linear fragments of the Chinese hamster adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene as targeting vectors, we have investigated the homology dependence of targeted recombination at the endogenous APRT locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. We have examined the effects of varying either the overall length of targeting sequence homology or the length of 5' or 3' flanking homology on both the frequency of targeted homologous recombination and the types of recombination events that are obtained. We find an exponential (logarithmic) relationship between length of APRT targeting homology and the frequency of targeted recombination at the CHO APRT locus, with the frequency of targeted recombination dependent upon both the overall length of targeting homology and the length of homology flanking each side of the target gene deletion. Although most of the APRT+ recombinants analyzed reflect simple targeted replacement or conversion of the target gene deletion, a significant fraction appear to have arisen by target gene-templated extension and correction of the targeting fragment sequences. APRT fragments with limited targeting homology flanking one side of the target gene deletion yield proportionately fewer target gene conversion events and proportionately more templated extension and vector correction events than do fragments with more substantial flanking homology.
Systems Plan for Combating Identity Theft – A Theoretical Framework (2008)

The Internet has made it easier for individuals and organizations to communicate and conduct business online. At the same time, personal, commercial, and government information has become a target for identity theft. The incidences of identity theft have increased substantially in the Internet age. Increasing news reports of bank/credit cards theft, as-sumed identity for economical and criminal activities has created a growing concern for individuals, businesses, and governments. As a result, it’s become an important and urgent task for us to find managerial and technical solutions to combat identity fraud and theft. Solutions to identity theft problem must deal with multiple parties and coordinated ef-forts must be made among concerned parties. This paper is to provide a comprehensive view of identity theft issue from system planner’s perspective. The roles of identity owner, issuer, checker, and protector, are examined to provide a starting point for organizational and information systems design.
The prompting method of IPTV input method for Chinese with full text search technology (2010)

In order to prompt the efficiency of the server based Chinese input method for IPTV, the behaviors of querying for the program's text information are analyzed. Then it's proposed to integrate the full-text search engine of Sphinx with the input method to mine the accurate associating characters or words. To fit the main querying behavior for the program role's names, the program synopses are mined for the role names which are the remained continuous character sequences after getting rid of the normal words with the maximum matching segmentation and inverse maximum matching segmentation algorithms. Then a special name library composed of these role names is used for the input method's associating computation. The order of the associating words is optimized through referring to the program's demanding ratios which are searched by Sphinx with the inverted index on the name library.
Communicating Requirements – Effectively! (2018)

Abstract Requirements are the language we use to communicate stakeholder needs for a system of interest to developers, designers, builders, coders, testers, and other stakeholders. Increasingly, there is debate about which means (form and media) of communications is best for communicating requirements and sets of requirements. As part of this debate, one means of communication (such as diagrams, use cases, or text‐based) is often advocated (with a lot of passion in many cases) over the other means of communication. Which side is taken in the debate depends on the specific idea or concept being communicated together with the domain, culture, people, and processes used within the specific organization. Consequently, there is no single “best” means of communication that applies to all the various types of requirements. Each means of communication has its strengths and weaknesses depending on which message is being communicated, who the sender is, who the receiver is, the needs of the receiver, and the filters used by both the sender to encode the message and the receiver who must decode the message. This paper goes back to the basics of communication theory to address this debate and concludes that, while each means of communication has value, no single means is sufficient to clearly, completely, and consistently communicate all of the various types and categories of requirements. Each of the means advocated represent a visualization (graphic or text) of the system from a perspective based on the intent of the message being communicated. With this viewpoint, rather than focusing on a single type of visualization, a set of visualizations is needed to effectively communicate requirements. This set of visualizations needs to be based on an underlying, integrated data and information model of the system of interest.
유럽연합(EU)예산의 발전과정과 전망: 재정전망 논란을 중심으로 (2010)

유럽통합과정에서 예산을 둘러싼 논쟁은 매우 흔하다. 특히 EU의 비전을 제시해야 할 유럽이사회(European Council)는 예산문제를 두고 회원국 수반들이 협상을 벌이는 회담으로 자주 변질되곤 했으며 이때마다 EU의 신뢰성은 타격을 입기도 했다. 2005년 12월 브뤼셀에서 열린 유럽이사회에서 당시 순회의장국이던 영국은 환급액수 (British Budgetary Rebate)를 축소하는 조건으로 EU예산에 대한 근본적인 개혁검토안 제출을 연계시켜 관철시켰다. 이에따라 집행위원회는 올해 말까지 EU예산 개혁에 대한 보고서를 제출할 예정이다. 이 글은 유럽통합과정에서 예산의 발전과정을 재정전망을 둘러싼 논란을 중심으로 역사적·정치적으로 검토한다. 재정적 자율성의 측면에서 EU예산의 초국가성(supranationality)은 매우 약화되었다. 회원국의 경제력에 비례하는 국가별 분담금이 예산에서 차지하는 비중이 꾸준히 증가해 현재 70%선을 넘었고 반면에 전통적인 자체재원을 구성한 농업·공업관세의 비중은 급격히 줄어들었다. 이와 함께 제도적 측면에서도 유럽의회의 예산정책결정과정에의 참여는 그다지 늘어나지 않았다. 재정적 자율성의 손실을 상쇄할만한 초국가기구의 예산정책 결정 권한이 증가하지 않았다.
Band discontinuities as heterojunction device design parameters (1986)

A simple model that incorporates macroscopic and microscopic effects is proposed to predict the band discontinuities that govern the electrical and optical properties of heterojunction transistors and optoelectronic devices. It is found that the band discontinuities are determined by the short-range interface dipole and the bulk effects for nondegenerate systems and the agreement with the recent experiments is good. Furthermore, the recently observed failure of common anion rule for heterojunctions is correctly predicted.
Kinetics of Singlet Oxygen Release from Endoperoxides of 2-Pyridone Derivatives (2011)

Singlet oxygen can decompose toxic substances by oxidation, but its direct generation from atmospheric oxygen by a photosensitizer requires a light source. In this project, six derivatives of 2-pyridone that can reversibly trap singlet oxygen under irradiation and release it in the dark were studied. The rates of thermolysis of their endoperoxides were measured by UV-Vis spectroscopy. Theoretical modeling was also carried out with Gaussian 09. Overall, N-isoamyl-2-pyridone has the best release performance. This study also evaluates the effects of sterics and electronics on this trend, and discusses the possibility of theoretical modeling to evaluate N-substituted 2-pyridones. Pyridone samples investigated in this study were provided by Ventana Research Corporation.
An Analytical Scatter Correction for Singles-Mode Transmission Data in PET (2008)

We present an analytical scatter correction, based upon the Klein-Nishina formula, for singles-mode transmission data in positron emission tomography (PET) and its implementation as part of an iterative image reconstruction algorithm. We compared our analytically-calculated scatter sinogram data with previously validated simulation data for a small animal PET scanner with 68 Ge (a positron emitter) and 57 Co (approximately 122-keV photon emitter) transmission sources using four different phantom configurations (three uniform water cylinders with radii of 25, 30, and 45 mm and a nonuniform phantom consisting of water, Teflon, and air). Our scatter calculation correctly predicts the contribution from single-scattered (one incoherent scatter interaction) photons to the simulated sinogram data and provides good agreement for the percent scatter fraction (SF) per sinogram for all phantoms and both transmission sources. We then applied our scatter correction as part of an iterative reconstruction algorithm for PET transmission data for simulated and experimental data using uniform and nonuniform phantoms. For both simulated and experimental data, the reconstructed linear attenuation coefficients (mu-values-values) agreed with expected values to within 4% when scatter corrections were applied, for both the 68 Ge and 57 Co transmission sources. We also tested our reconstruction and scatter correction procedure for two experimental rodent studies (a mouse and rat). For the rodent studies, we found that the average mu-values for soft-tissue regions of interest agreed with expected values to within 4%. Using a 2.2-GHz processor, each scatter correction iteration required between 6-27 min of CPU time (without any code optimization) depending on the phantom size and source used. This extra calculation time does not seem unreasonable considering that, without scatter corrections, errors in the reconstructed mu-values were between 18%-45% depending on the phantom size and transmission source used.
Thermodynamic evaluation of ibuprofen solubility in aqueous and non-aqueous cosolvent systems (2000)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the mechanism of solubilization of a model drug, ibuprofen, in cosolvent-water mixtures by applying enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis. The solubility of ibuprofen in pure solvents decreased in the following order: DMSO > methanol > ethanol > isopropanol > n-propanol > PEG-200 > PG > water. The addition of ibuprofen to n-propanol-water mixtures, isopropanol-water mixtures and DMSO-water mixtures resulted in phase-separation. The increase in ibuprofen solubility in the binary cosolvent-water mixtures decreased in the following order: isopropanol-water mixtures > n-propanol-water mixtures > ethanol-water mixtures > methanol-water mixtures > PEG-water mixtures > PG-water mixtures. The solubility of ibuprofen in PG-ethanol mixtures decreased linearly as the amount of PG in the solvent mixture increased. The enthalpy of solution of ibuprofen in the solvent mixtures varied nonlinearly with solvent composition. In aqueous systems, the enthalpy of solution increased to a maximum and then decreased as the cosolvent mole fraction increased. The entropy of solution of ibuprofen showed similar trend as that of heat of solution. The maximum in enthalpy and entropy of solution appeared at the same cosolvent mole fraction. The free energy evaluated at the harmonic mean of experimental temperature decreased as the cosolvent mole fraction increased. At low cosolvent mole fraction, up to the maximum in enthalpy and entropy versus composition curves, the solubility of ibuprofen was entropy driven while beyond the peaks, the solubility of ibuprofen was enthalpy driven. For PG-ethanol system, a linear increase in both enthalpy and entropy of solution as a function of PG mole fraction was found. The mechanism of decrease in ibuprofen solubility was due to unfavorable increase in enthalpy of solution. Enthalpy-entropy compensation analysis, showed that a nonlinear compensation existed between enthalpy and entropy due to variation in solvent composition and not to propagation of experimental errors. The change in the slope of ΔH versus ΔGhm curves for aqueous systems indicated that two different mechanisms contribute to the solubility of ibuprofen depending on the nature of the solvent system. However, for PG-ethanol mixtures, no peak was observed in the ΔH versus ΔGhm plot suggesting that one mechanism is responsible for the decrease in ibuprofen solubility as the amount of PG was increased.
Interactive Web-based animations for teaching and learning (2000)

Web-based study resources can be viewed as a basic requirement in order to remain a competitive player on a more and more globalised educational market. For that reason it is getting increasingly important for universities to supplement offered lectures with additional Web-based learning material. In this paper we focus on interactive multimedia elements like computer animations and simulations, which can be used by students for individual experimentation. Such supplementary material represents a motivating but also a very effective chance to deepen and to increase the knowledge acquired in the lecture. This paper gives some general guidelines for building interactive Web-based animations. Beyond that, two of our developed animations are presented in detail. The first animation visualizes the search processes of some common direct global and local optimization strategies. In the second animation an artificial ecosystem is simulated, where several autonomous agents have to perform a number of different actions in order to survive. Our animations are realized as Java-applets, which have the advantage that they can be executed within Web browsers anywhere in the World at any time and without having to install anything.
NUEVA APORTACIÓN AL PAISAJE DE LAS NECRÓPOLIS IBÉRICAS. PARAMENTOS CON NICHO ORNAMENTAL Y POSIBLES ALTARES EN LA NECRÓPOLIS DE EL CIGARRALEJO (MULA, MURCIA) (1990)

Revista especializada en la publicación de trabajos originales de investigación en Prehistoria y Arqueología. Es la publicación periódica más antigua de la UAM. Su enfoque abierto a cualquier temática y época pasada, hasta la más cercana, que sea objeto de la Ciencia arqueológica se abre a una decidida proyección internacional en la que quiere basar su futuro inmediato.
Computer modeling of the electric field dependent absorption spectrum of multiple quantum well material (1988)

The authors present a simple computer model for the electric field dependence of the absorption of semiconductor multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structure that will be used to optimize the performance of MQW modulators. This model has been compared to absorption spectra derived from photocurrent measurements on a GaAs/(GaAl)As MQW p-i-n diode and it has been found that the well-established Stark shifts of the exciton and subband continua energies are significantly overestimated. This might be linked to uncertainty in knowing the electric fields over the wells; and if a drop of 1.4 V somewhere in the device is assumed, a much better match can be achieved between the theoretical and experimental shifts. Given this improved match in the shifts the reduction in the oscillator strengths and the broadening are modeled very well. It is concluded that the model is likely to prove a useful tool for optimizing electroabsorption modulator design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nanoscale energy transport and conversion: a parallel treatment of electrons, molecules, phonons, and photons (2006)

This is a graduate level textbook in nanoscale heat transfer and energy conversion that can also be used as a reference for researchers in the developing field of nanoengineering. It provides a comprehensive overview of microscale heat transfer, focusing on thermal energy storage and transport. Chen broadens the readership by incorporating results from related disciplines, from the point of view of thermal energy storage and transport, and presents related topics on the transport of electrons, phonons, photons, and molecules. This book is part of the MIT-Pappalardo Series in Mechanical Engineering.
A genetic algorithm for global improvement of macrocell layouts (2002)

The result of many floorplanning algorithms is a placement of macrocells. A novel technique for the improvement of a given placement is presented which is based on the optimization of the channel densities by refining the cell positions. The authors introduce a distance function for each channel representing the channel width. This width can be altered by shifting adjacent cells along each other by an offset. They present an optimization to find offsets for adjacent cells which lead to a minimal area demand of the total layout. The method is based on a genetic algorithm, an iterative improvement procedure. Results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Metabolic Effects of High Glycaemic Index Diets: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Feeding Studies in Mice and Rats (2017)

Low glycaemic index (LGI) diets are often reported to benefit metabolic health, but the mechanism(s) responsible are not clear. This review aimed to systematically identify studies investigating metabolic effects of high glycaemic index (HGI) versus LGI diets in mice and rats. A meta-analysis was conducted to calculate an overall effect size, Hedge's standardised mean differences (hereafter <i>d)</i>, for each trait, with moderator variables considered in subsequent meta-regressions. Across 30 articles, a HGI diet increased five of the seven traits examined: body weight (<i>d</i> = 0.55; 95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.79), fat mass (<i>d</i> = 1.08; 0.67, 1.49), fasting circulating insulin levels (<i>d</i> = 0.40; 0.09, 0.71), and glucose (<i>d</i> = 0.80; 0.35, 1.25) and insulin (<i>d</i> = 1.14; 0.50, 1.77) area under the curve during a glucose tolerance test. However, there was substantial heterogeneity among the effects for all traits and the small number of studies enabled only limited investigation of possible confounding factors. HGI diets favour body weight gain, increased adiposity and detrimentally affect parameters of glucose homeostasis in mice and rats, but these effects may not be a direct result of GI per se; rather they may be due to variation in other dietary constituents, such as dietary fibre, a factor which is known to reduce the GI of food and promote health via GI-independent mechanisms.
Surface Burning on a Foam Metal Matrix with the Ceramic Coating (2014)

Characteristics of the surface burning in infrared mode on a foam metal matrix with the ceramic coating were investigated. The matrix surface was coated with ceramic film (alumina) of the thickness ˜200 μm by using the detonation dusting method. It was shown that coating the matrix surface with the lower thermal conductivity material led to immersing the flame front into the matrix and growing the average temperature of the surface layer up to 150–200 K. Reduction of the nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide concentrations was observed. It was found that the reduction reached up to two times at high firing rate of 75 W/cm2. The observed effect can be connected with dropping the combustion products temperature.
Lability of human and porcine coeruloplasmins in alkaline medium. (1983)

Denaturation of human and porcine coeruloplasmins in alkaline medium (pH 11.0) followed by neutralization and precipitation with ethanol-chloroform mixture resulted in separation of the two molecular forms: soluble and insoluble in NaCl solution. The form soluble in saline shared the properties of the native protein but remained unchanged on repeated alkaline denaturation. The occurrence of two molecular forms of plasma coeruloplasmin of different lability to alkaline medium has been suggested.
A Theoretical Model for Assessing Ego States (1979)

Several studies have been conducted to establish the validity of the ego state constructs in transactional analysis. Even though it has its basis in social psychiatry, the theory has not been sufficiently investigated in light of social psychological research. A multi-attribute attitude model was employed as a heuristic device for establishing the utility of the constructs in clinical transactional analysis practice.
Machine recognition of hand-sent Morse code (1959)

A transistorized special purpose digital computer called MAUDE (Morse AUtomatic DEcoder) has been designed, built and analyzed. This computer decodes a hand-sent Morse message, which is printed on a teletypewriter. MAUDE's decisions take place at a number of different levels and its "knowledge" is not only that of relative durations of dots and dashes, but also of the Morse code and even of certain elementary properties of language. MAUDE has successfully decoded between 90 per cent and 95 per cent of 184 operators. A successful decoding is one which results in a text which can be easily read by a man who knows the language. It is felt that MAUDE can be a practical piece of equipment for a site with heavy traffic. Its performance will be inferior to that of a man until more sophisticated language rules, using at least a word vocabulary, are included.
Author Identification using multi-headed Recurrent Neural Networks Notebook for PAN at CLEF 2015 (2015)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are very good at modelling the flow of text, but typically need to be trained on a far larger corpus than is available for the PAN 2015 Author Identification task. This paper describes a novel approach where the output layer of a character-level RNN language model is split into sev- eral independent predictive sub-models, each representing an author, while the re- current layer is shared by all. This allows the recurrent layer to model the language as a whole without over-fitting, while the outputs select aspects of the underlying model that reflect their author's style. The method proves competitive, ranking first in two of the four languages.