gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial radiolysis effects in tank waste speciation. 1998 annual progress report (1998)

'The purpose of this program is to deliver pertinent, fundamental information that can be used to make technically defensible decisions on safety issues and processing strategies associated with storage and clean up of DOE mixed chemical and radioactive wastes. The radioactive and chemical wastes present in DOE underground storage tanks contain complex mixtures of sludges, salts, and supernatant liquids. These mixtures, which contain a wide variety of oxide materials, aqueous solvents, and organic components, are constantly bombarded with gamma quanta, beta and alpha particles produced via the decay of radioactive isotopes. Currently, there is a vital need to understand radiolysis of organic and inorganic species present in mixed waste tanks because these processes: (a) produce mixtures of toxic, flammable, and potentially explosive gases (i.e., H{sub 2}, N{sub 2}O and volatile organics) (b) degrade organics, possibly to gas-generating organic fragments, even as the degradation reduces the hazards associated with nitrate-organic mixtures, (c) alter the surface chemistry of insoluble colloids in tank sludge, influencing sedimentation and the gas/solid interactions that may lead to gas entrapment phenomena. This report summarizes the technical achievements of a 3-year project that is now in its 2nd year. Progress in three areas is reported: (1) radiation effects at NaNO 3 crystal interfaces, (2) reactions of organic complexants with NO{sub 2} in water, and (3) radiation effects in oxide particles.'
The Collection, Use and Interpretation of Milk and Butterfat Records (1946)

Official Milk Recording has been operated in Scotland since 1904. The Association came into being in 1914. The objects of the Association as laid down by the Constitution and Rules are: (1) To foster and improve the milking qualities of Cows in Scotland, and (2) To institute on a public and reliable basis, the taking of daily or periodic tests of Cows for quantity and quality of milk. To meet the terms of this Constitution a system has been evolved whereby a Recorder visits the farms of milk recording herd owners at intervals of 24-28 days, weighs the milk of all cows in milk in the herd, and tests for butterfat in respect of all cows which are to be included in the record. While the milk of all cows must be weighed, butterfat testing in respect of all cows is not essential.
Demonstration of Compact Silicon Nitride Grating Coupler Arrays for Fan-out of Multicore Fibers (2017)

We propose a compact on-chip fan-out for multicore fiber using a focusing grating coupler array realized on a single-etch silicon nitride platform. Coupling loss of 11 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 30 nm and channel crosstalk lower than 28 dB are demonstrated.
Ferroelectric properties of Sr/sub 1-x/Bi/sub 2+x/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/ dense ceramics (2002)

Ferroelectric properties of dense ceramics of Sr-deficient and Bi-excess strontium bismuth tantalate, Sr/sub 1-x/Bi/sub 2+x/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 9/, were investigated, and their crystal structures were analyzed through the powder X-ray diffraction Rietveld method. A successful pattern fitting was obtained under the assumption that Bi was substituted at the Sr site for samples with x/spl les/0.16, and the lattice length in the a-b plane was reduced linearly with an increase in x. Dielectric measurements revealed that the Curie temperature (T/sub C/) rose with x and that the sample with x=0.27 had a T/sub C/ of 430/spl deg/C which was much higher than that of the stoichiometric sample (x=0:T/sub C/=300 /spl deg/C). These results strongly support the Bi substitution at the Sr site. The polarization hysteresis measurements revealed that a small amount of Bi substitution of 5% results in a marked increase in remanent polarization, however that further Bi substitution is not effective for improving the ferroelectric properties.
Structure elucidation and biosynthesis of fuscachelins, peptide siderophores from the moderate thermophile <i>Thermobifida fusca</i> (2008)

Bacteria belonging to the order Actinomycetales have proven to be an important source of biologically active and often therapeutically useful natural products. The characterization of orphan biosynthetic gene clusters is an emerging and valuable approach to the discovery of novel small molecules. Analysis of the recently sequenced genome of the thermophilic actinomycete Thermobifida fusca revealed an orphan nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic gene cluster coding for an unknown siderophore natural product. T. fusca is a model organism for the study of thermostable cellulases and is a major degrader of plant cell walls. Here, we report the isolation and structure elucidation of the fuscachelins, siderophore natural products produced by T. fusca. In addition, we report the purification and biochemical characterization of the termination module of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase. Biochemical analysis of adenylation domain specificity supports the assignment of this gene cluster as the producer of the fuscachelin siderophores. The proposed nonribosomal peptide biosynthetic pathway exhibits several atypical features, including a macrocyclizing thioesterase that produces a 10-membered cyclic depsipeptide and a nonlinear assembly line, resulting in the unique heterodimeric architecture of the siderophore natural product.
Design and Development of a 200-kw Turbo-Electric Distributed Propulsion Testbed (2016)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Armstrong Flight Research Center (AFRC) (Edwards, California) is developing a Hybrid-Electric Integrated Systems Testbed (HEIST) Testbed as part of the HEIST Project, to study power management and transition complexities, modular architectures, and flight control laws for turbo-electric distributed propulsion technologies using representative hardware and piloted simulations. Capabilities are being developed to assess the flight readiness of hybrid electric and distributed electric vehicle architectures. Additionally, NASA will leverage experience gained and assets developed from HEIST to assist in flight-test proposal development, flight-test vehicle design, and evaluation of hybrid electric and distributed electric concept vehicles for flight safety. The HEIST test equipment will include three trailers supporting a distributed electric propulsion wing, a battery system and turbogenerator, dynamometers, and supporting power and communication infrastructure, all connected to the AFRC Core simulation. Plans call for 18 high performance electric motors that will be powered by batteries and the turbogenerator, and commanded by a piloted simulation. Flight control algorithms will be developed on the turbo-electric distributed propulsion system.
Enzymatic Determination of Total Cholesterol in Serum (1974)

Journal Article Enzymatic Determination of Total Cholesterol in Serum Get access P N Tarbutton, P N Tarbutton Ames Research Lab. Ames Co., Division Miles Labs., Inc. Elkhart, Ind. 46514 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C R Gunter C R Gunter Ames Research Lab. Ames Co., Division Miles Labs., Inc. Elkhart, Ind. 46514 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 20, Issue 6, 1 June 1974, Pages 724–725, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.6.724 Published: 01 June 1974
Influence of the Morphology of Lithiated Copper(I) Sulfides with the Formal Composition “Li<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>S<sub>3</sub>” on Their Stability in Electrochemical Cycling (2013)

Abstract Two different approaches were developed for the synthesis of lithiated copper(I) sulfide with the formal composition “Li 2 Cu 4 S 3 ”. In the first approach, thiolato‐bridged copper cluster complexes [Li(dme) 3 ] 2 [Cu 4 (SPh) 6 ] (dme = dimethoxyethane) and [Li(diglyme) 2 ] 2 [Cu 4 (SPh) 6 ] (diglyme = diethylene glycol dimethyl ether) were decomposed/thermolized at 400 °C to form the lithiated copper(I) sulfides upon cleavage of the ether ligands and 3 equiv. of SPh 2 . In the second approach, Li 2 S and 2 equiv. of Cu 2 S were allowed to react in quartz ampoules sealed under vacuum at 400 °C. The as‐synthesized powders reveal complex room‐temperature XRD powder patterns with clear differences between the two materials. Scanning electron microscopy reveals that the material synthesized by thermolysis of the cluster material is composed of a porous network of agglomerated nanoparticles, whereas the other material is composed of compact micron‐sized crystals. The initial specific capacities for galvanostatic charging and discharging of nanostructured and porous “Li 2 Cu 4 S 3 ” cathodes vs. lithium metal anodes in a limited range between 1.7 and 3 V are ca. 143 A h kg –1 . This is 97.3 % of the theoretical value for the exchange of two lithium ions and 5 % higher than for the compact material at ca. 136 A h kg –1 . However, we observed that upon prolonged cycling the capacity of the nanostructured and porous “Li 2 Cu 4 S 3 ” fades much faster than that of the compact material. This means that after 100 cycles the nanostructured and porous material had faded by 67 %, whereas the compact material still reaches a specific capacity of 109 A h kg –1 .
Synthesis of Depurinating DNA Adducts Formed by One-Electron Oxidation of 7<i>H</i>-Dibenzo[<i>c,g</i>]carbazole and Identification of These Adducts after Activation with Rat Liver Microsomes (1997)

It is hypothesized that 7H-dibenzo[c,g]carbazole (DBC) is metabolically activated by one-electron oxidation in accordance with its propensity to be easily oxidized to its radical cation. Iodine oxidation of DBC produces a radical cation that subsequently binds to nucleophilic groups of dG or Ade. Oxidation of DBC in the presence of dG products three adducts: DBC-5-N7Gua, DBC-6-N7Gua, and DBC-6-C8Gua, whereas in the presence of Ade, four adducts are obtained: DBC-5-N7Ade, DBC-5-N3Ade, DBC-5-N1Ade, and DBC-6-N3Ade. Formation of these adducts demonstrates that the DBC radical cation reacts at C-5 or C-6 with the reactive nucleophiles N-7 and C-8 of dG and N-7, N-3, and N-1 of Ade. Formation DNA adducts by DBC was studied by using horesradish peroxidase or 3-methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver microsomes for activation. Identification of the biologically-formed depurinating adducts was achieved by comparison of their retention times on HPLC in two different solvent systems and by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. Quantitation of the adducts formed by rat liver microsomes shows that 96% are depurinating adducts, DBC-5-N7Gua (11%), DBC-6-N7Gua (32%), and DBC-5-N7Ade (53%), and 4% are unidentified stable adducts. Activation of DBC by horseradish peroxidase affords 32% stable unidentified adducts and 68% depurinating adducts: 19% DBC-5-N7Gua, 13% DBC-6-N7Gua, 27% DBC-5-N7Ade, and 9% DBC-5-N3Ade. Thus, activation of DBC by cytochrome P450 predominantly forms depurinating adducts by one-electron oxidation.
0078. Establishing a detailed short-term rat model of partial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (2014)

Liver ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury may be observed after major hepatic surgery or resuscitation from severe trauma/haemorrhage. Well-characterised and representative animal models are needed to better understand mechanisms of injury, apply effective treatments and prevent complications.
Heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of very compact heat sinks (1999)

High-performance compact heat sinks have been developed for the effective cooling of high-density LSI packaging. Heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of the heat sinks in both air-cross-flow and air-jet cooling have been experimentally studied. The present heat sinks were of plate-fin and pin-fin arrays with a fin pitch of 0.7 mm. The plate-fin heat sinks had higher cooling performance than the pin-fin heat sinks in the range of large airflow rates both in air-cross-flow and air-jet cooling. The thermal conductance in cross-flow cooling was 20 or 40% larger than that in jet cooling. The correlation of Colburn j-factor/Fanning friction factor versus the Reynolds number for the present heat sinks was found to be very close to that of a conventional large-size heat exchanger. © Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 28(8): 687-705, 1999
MATE, a single front-end ASIC for silicon strip, Si(Li) and CsI detectors (2003)

MATE (Must ASIC for Time and Energy) will process signals delivered from the hodoscope MUST2. The hodoscope consists of six large area telescopes (100 cm/sup 2/), each made up of a double sided Si strip detector followed by a Si(Li) and CsI crystal. MATE has sixteen channels and can deliver three types of analogue information per channel; time of flight and energy loss of the detected particle, value of leakage DC current per channel. MATE also gives a trigger logical signal corresponding to the cross over of an adjustable threshold value. The analogue information is transmitted as differential current through twisted pair to the acquisition system based on VXI-C. The slow control is assured via the I2C industrial protocol. The first version of MATE for Si(strip) is available. An update of MATE will allow it to be used for the Si(Li) and CsI detectors. MATE is a novel R&D project for nuclear physics which includes both energy and time measurements with good resolution and high energy dynamic range.
Photolysis of CpRe(CO){sub 3} and CpM(CO){sub 4}, where M = Nb and Ta, in nujol matrices and supercritical ethylene. An unexpected ethylene polymerization catalyst (1997)

Nujol matrix photochemical studies of CpRe(CO){sub 3} establish the primary photochemical event to be loss of carbon monoxide to form an electron deficient species. CpM(CO){sub 4}, where M = Nb or Ta, give both CpM(CO){sub 3} and CpM(CO){sub 2} species upon photolysis in the Nujol matrix. Upon photolysis of these compounds in supercritical ethylene, IR bands associated with CpM(CO){sub n-1}(ethylene) are observed as well as bands associated with CpM(CO){sub n-2}(ethylene){sub 2}. White precipitate, formed under photochemical conditions, has been shown to be polyethylene.
Airblast Atomization: Studies on Drop-Size Distribution (1982)

The influence of air velocity and liquid properties on drop-size distribution is examined using an airblast atomizer in which a flat liquid sheet is exposed to high velocity air on both sides. Both photographic and lightscattering techniques are employed to measure drop sizes. The effect of the physical properties of liquids is studied by preparing special liquid solutions to obtain wide variations in one property while keeping the others sensibly constant. The results obtained show that increases in air velocity and/or reduction in liquid flow rate lead to more uniform sprays and a lower mean drop size. Higher values of viscosity and surface tension result in coarser sprays of larger mean drop size. The effect of liquid density on spray characteristics appears to be quite small. In general, it is found that any change in liquid properties or atomizer operating conditions which tends to lower the mean drop size will also tend to narrow the range of drop sizes produced.
Identification of [1,2,3]Triazolo[4,5-<i>d</i>]pyrimidin-7(6<i>H</i>)-ones as Novel Inhibitors of Chikungunya Virus Replication (2014)

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a re-emerging Alphavirus that is transmitted to humans by Aedes mosquitoes. Currently, there are still no drugs or vaccines available for the treatment or prevention of this disease. Although traditionally restricted to Africa and Asia, the adaptation of the virus to Aedes albopictus, a mosquito species with an almost worldwide distribution, has contributed to the geographical spread of this virus in the past decade. Here, we report on a new family of compounds named [1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-7(6H)-ones that inhibit CHIKV replication in the low micromolar range with no toxicity to the host (Vero) cells. The most potent compound in this series has an EC50 value below 1 μM with no cytotoxicity detected up to 668 μM, therefore affording a selectivity index greater than 600. Interestingly, the compounds have little or no antiviral activity on the replication of other members of the Togaviridae family. The exploration and study of this class of selective inhibitors of CHIKV replication will contribute to deeper insights into the CHIKV life cycle and may be a first step toward the development of a clinical drug candidate.
Critical properties of a spin-(1/2 chain with competing interactions (1988)

The crossover between 2${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ and 4${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ charge-density waves in an extended one-dimensional Hubbard model is studied in the U\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty} limit by mapping onto a Heisenberg antiferromagnet with a competing second-neighbor Ising interaction. The phase diagram is obtained by a combination of field theory techniques and numerical solution of finite chains. Regions of staggered spin order (4${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ site or bond order) and (2,2) spin order (2${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{F}}$ site order) are mapped out. Critical exponents in the algebraic phase are obtained.
Towards Polyoxometalate‐Cluster‐Based Nano‐Electronics (2013)

We explore the concept that the incorporation of polyoxometalates (POMs) into complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies could offer a fundamentally better way to design and engineer new types of data storage devices, due to the enhanced electronic complementarity with SiO2, high redox potentials, and multiple redox states accessible to polyoxometalate clusters. To explore this we constructed a custom-built simulation domain bridge. Connecting DFT, for the quantum mechanical modelling part, and mesoscopic device modelling, confirms the theoretical basis for the proposed advantages of POMs in non-volatile molecular memories (NVMM) or flash-RAM.
Perinatal hepatitis B virus detection by hepatitis B virus-DNA analysis. (1985)

Maternal transmission of hepatitis B virus infection in relation to the hepatitis B e antigen/antibody system and serum hepatitis B virus-DNA were evaluated. Results indicate that hepatitis B virus-DNA analysis can identify hepatitis B serum antigen positive mothers who may transmit infection to their offspring.
Cloning and expression in <i>E.coli</i> of a synthetic gene for the bacteriocidal protein caltrin/seminalplasmin (1987)

A synthetic gene coding for the bacteriocidal protein caltrin/seminalplasmin was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion with beta-galactosidase. The gene was designed with a recognition site for the plasma protease, Factor Xa, coded for immediately prior to the N-terminus of caltrin. The beta-galactosidase-caltrin fusion protein was cleaved with Factor Xa to give caltrin, which was identified by its size on SDS-PAGE, its ability to react with an antiserum raised to the N-terminal nonapeptide of caltrin and its N-terminal amino acid sequence. After partial purification, synthetic caltrin was found to be active in an assay involving inhibition of growth of E.coli.
Dehydrohalogenation in Alpha-Functionalized Poly-p-xylylenes (2006)

Poly(p-xylylene) or parylene has been around for more than a half a century. It is typically deposited by the Gorham method from [2.2] paracyclophane. However, another method is via alpha-derivatives of p-xylene. Both poly(α-bromo-p-xylylene) and poly(α-chloro-p-xylylene) have been successfully deposited by this route through predominately HBr or HCl dehydrohalogenation gas-phase reactions. In the study reported here we synthesize α,α,α-tribromo-p-xylene and α-bromo-α′,α′-dichloro-p-xylene as CVD precursors to yield α,α- and α,α′-dihalogenated poly(p-xylylene)s to try to convert them, via post-deposition annealing, to poly(phenylene ethynylene) (PPE). PPE and its intermediate poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV), have potentially better thermal and oxidative properties, and in addition they are both photoluminescent. The as-deposited and annealed thin films have been characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectrophotometry, and electrically tested by dielectric constant, bias-temperature stress (BTS), and leakage current. It is found that the thin films crystallizes concurrent with the formation of PPV and possibly converts to PPE but has much residual chlorine and bromine. However, PPV exhibits excellent stability in contact with copper and is more thermally stable than poly(p-xylylene).
A search for late-type supergiants in the inner\nregions of the Milky Way (2004)

\n We present the results of a narrow-band infrared imaging\nsurvey of a narrow strip ($12'$ wide) around the Galactic equator\nbetween $6^\\circ$ and $21^\\circ$ of galactic longitude aimed at\ndetecting field stars with strong CO absorption, mainly late-type\ngiants and supergiants. Our observations include follow-up low\nresolution spectroscopy ($R = 980$) of 191 selected candidates in\nthe H and K bands. Most of these objects have photometric and\nspectroscopic characteristics consistent with their being red\ngiants, and some display broad, strong absorption wings due to\nwater vapor absorption between the H and K bands. We also\nidentify in our sample 18 good supergiant candidates characterized\nby their lack of noticeable water absorption, strong CO bands in\nthe H and K windows, and HKS photometry suggestive of high\nintrinsic luminosity and extinction reaching up to $A_{\\rm V} \\simeq\n40$ mag. Another 9 candidates share the same features except for\nweak H2O absorption, which is also observed among some M\nsupergiants in the solar neighbourhood. Interesting differences\nare noticed when comparing our stars with a local sample of\nlate-type giants and supergiants, as well as with a sample of red\ngiants in globular clusters of moderately subsolar metallicity and\nto a sample of bulge stars. A large fraction of the stars in our\nsample have CaI and NaI features markedly stronger than those\ntypical in the local reference sample (both giants and\nsupergiants), whereas the equivalent widths of the CO bands are\nsimilar or weaker. In this regard, our stars in the inner Milky\nWay disk display differences very similar to those identified by\nother authors between cool giants and supergiants near the\ngalactic center and their counterparts in the solar neighbourhood.\nWe propose that the systematic spectroscopic differences of our\ninner Galaxy stars are due to their higher metallicities that\ncause deeper mixing in their mantles, resulting in lower surface\nabundances of C and O and higher abundances of CN, which\ncontribute to the strength of the CaI and NaI features at low\nresolution. Our results stress the limitations of using local\nstars as templates for the study of composite cool stellar\npopulations such as central starbursts in galaxies.\n \n \n
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and <sup>29</sup>Si NMR Spectroscopical Investigations of (Diethylamino)methylchlorotetra‐ and ‐pentasilanes. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dosimetric comparison of Acuros XB deterministic radiation transport method with Monte Carlo and model-based convolution methods in heterogeneous media (2011)

In heterogeneous media, AXB dose prediction ability appears to be comparable to MC and superior to current clinical convolution methods. The dose differences between AXB and AAA or CCC are mainly in the bone, lung, and interface regions. The spatial distributions of these differences depend on the field sizes and energies.