gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Vapor Deposition And Characterization Of Diamond Films Grown Via Microwave Plasma Enhanced CVD (1988)

Diamond is an excellent candidate material for use in electronic and wear resistant coating applications due to its hardness, strength, thermal conductivity, high electron drift velocity, chemical and thermal stability, radiation hardness and optical transmission. Electronic devices of particular interest include high power/high frequency devices and devices to be utilized in high temperature, chemically harsh and/or high radiation flux environments. The recent development of techniques for growth of crystalline diamond films using low pressure gases has created the potential for growing thin films for such electronic devices or wear resistant coatings. In this research, diamond thin films grown on silicon by microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition were characterized by a variety of materials analysis techniques including secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and infrared spectroscopy (IR). This paper reports the characterization of these polycrystalline diamond films and discusses the impurities, bonding, and structure of the as-grown diamond films.
Evaluation of a language model using a clustered model backoff (2002)

Describes and evaluates a language model using word classes that have been automatically generated from a word clustering algorithm. Class-based language models have been shown to be effective for rapid adaptation, training on small datasets, and reduced memory usage. In terms of model perplexity, prior work has shown diminished returns for class-based language models constructed using very large training sets. This paper describes a method of using a class model as a backoff to a bigram model which produced significant benefits even when trained from a large text corpus. Tests results on the Whisper continuous speech recognition system show that, for a given word error rate, the clustered bigram model uses 2/3 fewer parameters compared to a standard bigram model using unigram backoff.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease. Current strategies for patient management (1996)

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a chronic disease whose incidence is often underestimated. Approximately 10% of the population in the United States experience heartburn each day. In addition, as many as 50% of patients with unexplained chest pain, chronic hoarseness, or asthma may be suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Disease severity ranges from occasional, mild heartburn to erosive esophagitis and its complications. Endoscopy and air-contrast barium radiography are important diagnostic tools. Esophageal pH monitoring can confirm excessive reflux in patients with atypical symptoms or in patients who do not respond to drug therapy. Depending on severity, gastroesophageal reflux disease may be managed through lifestyle modification, antacid and/or antirefluxant drugs, promotility (prokinetic) drugs, fundoplication, and/or acid-suppressant agents (eg, H2-receptor antagonists, proton pump inhibitors). Safety, effectiveness, patient compliance, and cost factors must be considered in determining the most appropriate long-term maintenance therapy.
Strength and Toughness Degradation of Tungsten Carbide–Cobalt Due to Thermal Shock (1990)

WC–Co composites are widely used as cutting or drilling tools because of their high hardness, strength, and fracture toughness. The working temperature is generally in the range of 300° to 700°C, so thermal shock fracture of WC–Co can occur if the parts are suddenly cooled. In this study, changes in fracture strength and fracture toughness after thermal shock were observed.
A priori information in image segmentation: energy functional based on shape statistical model and image information (2004)

In this paper, we propose an energy functional to segment objects whose global shape is a priori known thanks to a statistical model. Our work aims at extending the variational approach of Chen et al. [Y. Chen, et al., 2002] by integrating the statistical shape model of Leventon et al. [M. Leventon, et al., 2000]. The proposed energy functional allows us to capture an object that exhibits high image gradients and a shape compatible with the statistical model which best fits the segmented object. The minimization of the functional provides a system of coupled equations whose steady-state solution is the solution of the segmentation problem. Results are presented on synthetic and medical images.
BPQUALITY - ARCHECTURE FOR BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING IN MANAGEMENT QUALITY SYSTEMS (2010)

This paper presents a specific architecture for business processes modeling to design and document quality management systems - BPQuality. It was development from traditional architectures references used to specify information systems, in special case of the architecture ARIS (Architecture of Integrated Information System), but adapted to meet the requirements specified to development and documentation for quality management system by ISO9001. The details of the BPQuality architecture is done, showing their views and the business process model made from them. At the end, comments on its implementation in a software company that has obtained ISO9001 certification using it are made. A theoretical review of the concept of business process modeling and architectures reference complements this article.
The occurrence of ascorbic acid among the yeasts (1972)

Forty-two species of yeast were examined for their ability to produce enediols of the ascorbic acid class. A Roe and Kuether chromogen derived from such enediols could be isolated from 23 of the species. The chromogen from four yeasts was further identified by infrared (i.r.) spectrophotometry as being derived from ascorbic acid. At least one species from each family of yeasts was found to produce ascorbic acid.
Thermophysical Properties of Cholesteryl Oleyl Carbonate Determined with Microscopic Ftir/Dsc System (1995)

Abstract A microscopic Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Micro FTIR) equipped for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to measure simultaneously the chemical structural variation and the thermal response of phase transition of cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC). The differential scanning calorimeter served also to determine the phase transitions of COC during heating or cooling. Two endothermic features due to phase transition were found in the thermogram: 18. 3 °C for a smectic‐cholesteric transition and 37.5 °C for a cholesteric‐isotropic transition during heating; 35.1 °C for an isotropic‐cholesteric transition and 15.8 °C for a cholesteric‐smectic transition during cooling. The breadth of the feature indicated sluggish phase transitions. The three‐dimensional plot indicated that the intensities of lines due to the C‐H stretching and scissoring deformation modes and C=O stretching mode of COC decreased suddenly near the temperature of phase transition during heating but the intensity of the line dues to the C‐O stretching mode of carbonate ester of COC increased. Lattice vibrations or coupling of vibrational modes might be responsible for the result. These intensities in the cooling process varied inversely to those in heating process.
Advances in EDM Monitoring and Control Systems Using Modern Control Concepts (1997)

The EDM process performance depends on the control of the machining gap and discharge pulses parameters. The dynamic performance of the servo control system and the controllable range of pulse power generator play important roles determining the stability, productivity, and quality of the machined surface. This paper reviews the research and development activities related to EDM process monitoring and control system in last two decades. Important research activities include different EDM gap monitoring systems, servo and pulse adaptive control systems, and application of modern control theory into the EDM monitoring and control systems.
Distress and eating: Why do dieters overeat? (1999)

The results suggest that distress-induced overeating in restrained eaters may serve psychological functions for the individual, allowing for distraction from the distress or masking of the source of dysphoria. The possible relevance of these results to bulimic patients who may use their binges to mask the true source of their distress is discussed.
Evaluation of diagnostic tests for influenza in a pediatric practice (2002)

In this first head-to-head comparison of four rapid diagnostic tests for influenza, Directigen Flu A, Quickvue and Flu OIA appear equivalent in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. Z Stat Flu was not as sensitive or as efficient as the other three tests.
A transformational object (2005)

If there is any metaphor that has come to act as a signpost of current developments in the realm of digital art and design, it is the blur. We have seen the blur as a building, the blur as the theme at conferences, and the blur as a means to describe the totality of the overlapping processes and intentions that all converge in what can be called interactive experiences. For shorthand, we call this convergence new media. Given the various aims and contexts from which the larger category of art objects arrives, the blur seems to best approximate a still undistinguished body of work and its cultural momentum.
The role of tanycytes in hypothalamic glucosensing (2015)

Tanycytes are elongated hypothalamic glial cells that cover the basal walls of the third ventricle; their apical regions contact the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and their processes reach hypothalamic neuronal nuclei that control the energy status of an organism. These nuclei maintain the balance between energy expenditure and intake, integrating several peripheral signals and triggering cellular responses that modify the feeding behaviour and peripheral glucose homeostasis. One of the most important and well-studied signals that control this process is glucose; however, the mechanism by which this molecule is sensed remains unknown. We along with others have proposed that tanycytes play a key role in this process, transducing changes in CSF glucose concentration to the neurons that control energy status. Recent studies have demonstrated the expression and function of monocarboxylate transporters and canonical pancreatic β cell glucose sensing molecules, including glucose transporter 2 and glucokinase, in tanycytes. These and other data, which will be discussed in this review, suggest that hypothalamic glucosensing is mediated through a metabolic interaction between tanycytes and neurons through lactate. This article will summarize the recent evidence that supports the importance of tanycytes in hypothalamic glucosensing, and discuss the possible mechanisms involved in this process. Finally, it is important to highlight that a detailed analysis of this mechanism could represent an opportunity to understand the evolution of associated pathologies, including diabetes and obesity, and identify new candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Substrate Gradients and Regional Patterns of Dry Matter Deposition Within Developing Wheat Endosperm. I. Carbohydrates (1990)

Starch and protein content of wheat endosperm are important factors determining yield and grain quality. Experiments were conducted using microsectioning, HPLC, analysis, and radiotracer techniques to describe regional patterns of deposition of starch and protein throughout wheat endosperm, and to test whether these patterns of deposition could be due to regional patterns of substrate supply. This paper describes the distribution patterns of starch and soluble carbohydrates. Carbohydrate entered the grain as sucrose. It was transported to and through the endosperm mostly as sucrose, even though sucrose accounted for only 40-45% (w/w) of the total soluble carbohydrates in the endosperm cavity and endosperm. The concentration of hexose was low, equivalent to only 1.6% and 7% (w/w) of the amount of sucrose in the endosperm cavity and endosperm respectively. The endosperm cavity and endosperm contained appreciable amounts of a glucose disaccharide, appearing in a number of tests as maltose. These regions also contained oligosaccharides appearing as a fructan series. There was no evidence for ribose or raffinose. Other soluble carbohydrates were identified. Turnover of sucrose in the grain is rapid. Sucrose in the endosperm and endosperm cavity was equivalent to only 3.1 h and 1.0 h of starch deposition respectively. Starch was deposited evenly from the endosperm cavity to the endosperm periphery on the dorsal side except for a decrease in the outermost section. Any gradient of protein percentage across the endosperm is not due to changes in the concentration of starch. There was a 2-fold gradient of sucrose across the same region, decreasing in an outward direction. The gradient was steepest near the endosperm cavity. The pattern of starch deposition throughout wheat endosperm cannot be attributed to a regional pattern of sucrose concentration. We conclude that transport of sucrose across the endosperm is not a factor regulating the distribution of starch.
La crisis de la biodiversidad y el proyecto FAUNA IBERICA (1990)

La vida, que aparecio en la Tierra hace unos cuatro mil millones de anos, ha ido evolucionando en equilibrio con un medio en el que la norma es el cambio repentino e impredecible. El hombre moderno, cuya existencia no excede los 50.000 anos, se ha convertido en un lapso de tiempo increiblemente breve, merced al descubrimiento de energias de facil manejo y el consiguiente desarrollo industrial, en el factor de cambio mas importante.
Observations on the Paraguayan Census of 1846 (1976)

The author reviews the methodology and results of the 1846 population census of Paraguay. Data are included on the geographical distribution race social status and family and household structure of the population. Methods used for providing information lacking in the census figures are studied (ANNOTATION)
<title>Unsupervised real-time speaker identification for daily movies</title> (2002)

The problem of identifying speakers for movie content analysis is addressed in this paper. While most previous work on speaker identification was carried out in a supervised mode using pure audio data, more robust results can be obtained in real-time by integrating knowledge from multiple media sources in an unsupervised mode. In this work, both audio and visual cues will be employed and subsequently combined in a probabilistic framework to identify speakers. Particularly, audio information is used to identify speakers with a maximum likelihood (ML)-based approach while visual information is adopted to distinguish speakers by detecting and recognizing their talking faces based on face detection/recognition and mouth tracking techniques. Moreover, to accommodate for speakers' acoustic variations along time, we update their models on the fly by adapting to their newly contributed speech data. Encouraging results have been achieved through extensive experiments, which shows a promising future of the proposed audiovisual-based unsupervised speaker identification system.
Cholangiographic Features in Opium-Addicted Patients at a Tertiary Hospital in Iran (2012)

Background/Aims. Destructive and metabolic changes in hepatobiliary system have been demonstrated following opium use; however, cholangiographic features of bile ducts in opium-addicted patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction are not clearly determined. We described these differences and assessed the effects of opium use on postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography complications. Methodology. One hundred and nineteen patients with the diagnosis of sphinctre of Oddi dysfunction according to the Geenen-Hogan classification were studied. Eight patients were confirmed opium-addicted and others were nonaddicted. Change of serum amylase concentrations after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and clinical diagnosis of addicted and non-addicted patients were compared. Results. Serum concentrations of liver aminotransferases and alkaline phosphatase were similar between the two groups. Serum concentration of amylase before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was similar between them, whereas concentration of this enzyme was higher in nonaddicted ones after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Regarding pathologic changes in papilla, opium addiction group in comparison with control group statistically showed more tumoral features (25.0% versus 5.4%) and ulcerated changes (12.5% versus 0.0%). Conclusions. Opium use can increase probability of papilla ulcerative and tumoral changes in patients with sphinctre of Oddi dysfunction. Postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography serum amylase level may be reduced following opium addiction.
W-CVT continuously variable transmission for wind energy conversion system (2009)

This paper investigates the possibility to use a power split electric driven continuously variable transmission as the core of a wind energy conversion system. The proposed power split transmission for WECS, called W-CVT allows to control the speed of the turbine rotor by keeping constant the speed of the electric generator. The W-CVT is constituted by a planetary gear set integrated with a small size electric machine. This device is installed between the step-up gearbox and a fixed speed fixed frequency electric generator. The limitation of the transmissible torque between the rotor and generator due to the introduction of the W-CVT could be preserve the system components during wind-gusts or electric faults on the grid side. This paper introduces the W-CVT concept, the dynamic model of a complete WECS transmission based on the W-CVT, a design criteria for sizing the CVT and some preliminary results obtained with this system.
Monitoring Requirements Coverage using Reconstructed Views: An Industrial Case Study (2006)

Requirements views, such as coverage and status views, are an important asset for monitoring and managing software development. We have developed a method that automates the process for reconstructing these views, and built a tool, ReqAnalyst, to support this method. In this paper, we investigate to what extent we can automatically generate requirements views to monitor requirements in test categories and test cases. The technique used for retrieving the necessary data is an information retrieval technique called latent semantic indexing (LSI). We applied our method in a case study at LogicaCMG. We defined a number of requirements views and experimented with different reconstruction settings to generate these views
The golden (Syrian) hamster as a model for the study of reproductive biology: Past, present, and future (2018)

The authors expect that gene knockout hamsters might be able to substitute for mice-at least in part-for better understanding of gene functions in mammals including humans.
Growth factors and comprehensive surgical care of diabetic wounds. (1993)

In diabetic patients, nonhealing cutaneous ulcers are a significant clinical, social, and healthcare problem. Based on more than 10 million diabetic patients in the United States and an estimated prevalence of 15% for chronic cutaneous ulcers, there are approximately 1.5 million patients with this problem. These nonhealing cutaneous ulcers result in a high rate of lower extremity amputations in the diabetic population. Patients with diabetes have many complications that cause chronic cutaneous ulcers. These include peripheral vascular disease, autonomic and sensory neuropathy, impaired host defense against infection, and delayed wound repair. To treat diabetic patients with chronic cutaneous ulcers effectively all the complicating factors must be addressed. In this review we discuss the surgical care of these patients and the use of growth factors in combination with a comprehensive treatment algorithm.
Modulation of vertebral and tibial growth by compression loading: Diurnal versus full‐time loading (2004)

Growth as a percentage of within-animal control averaged 82% (full-time); 93% (day-loading); 90% (night-loading); 100% (sham) for vertebrae. For proximal tibiae it averaged 70% (full-time); 84% (day-loading); 86% (night-loading); 89% (sham). Reduced amount of hypertrophic chondrocytic enlargement explained about half of this effect in full-time loaded growth plates, but was not significantly altered in half-time loaded growth plates. The remaining variation in growth was apparently explained by reduced total numbers of proliferative zone chondrocytes. These findings indicate that sustained compression loading suppressed growth more than intermittent loading at both anatomical locations.
Differences between somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 with respect to their biological effects in healthy humans and acromegalics. (1986)

In order to compare the effects of somatostatin-28 (SS-28) with those of somatostatin-14 (SS-14) in humans, we administered both compounds randomly in 5 healthy persons and 3 patients with active acromegaly. Blood glucose, growth hormone, insulin, glucagon, TSH, FSH, LH and prolactin were estimated after arginine, TRH and LHRH stimulation in the normals and without stimulation in the acromegalics. Both substances were administered in doses of 25, 50, 200 and 250 micrograms. Our results indicate that SS-28 is at least 5 times more potent in man than SS-14 as far as inhibition of growth hormone, insulin, glucagon and prolactin secretion is concerned. On the other hand SS-28 is at least 2 times more potent than SS-14 in the inhibition of TSH, FSH and LH. If this difference in potency is calculated on the basis of equimolarity, the action of SS-28 becomes even much greater. According to these findings, SS-28 appears to be either the main hormone and SS-14 a fragment of it with a lesser degree of biologic activity, or the prohormone with special properties.
Effects of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate in an oral bolus given as a supplement to postpartum dairy cows. (2009)

An oral calcium bolus (Bovikalc, Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) supplying calcium to dairy cows in the form of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate was evaluated to determine the effect on calcium homeostasis immediately after calving. Cows in the treatment group received one bolus immediately after calving and a second bolus 12 hours later. Control cows received no calcium supplementation. Blood was analyzed for ionized calcium, and urine was collected for urinary pH determination. Postpartum supplementation with the Bovikalc bolus significantly increased serum ionized calcium levels and decreased urine pH values.
The PEN low power protocol stack (2002)

Low power consumption is a key design metric for wireless network devices that have limited battery energy. The problem of reducing power consumption needs to be addressed at every level of system design. This paper investigates the issues of designing low-power protocols in the context of the PEN system, a mobile ad hoc radio network developed at AT&T Laboratories Cambridge. It describes the ad hoc protocols that have been implemented, outlining both the design of individual protocols and the structure of the overall stack. A summary of the lessons in low power design that were learnt is provided.