gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel synthesis of reactive polycarbonates with pendant chloromethyl groups by the polyaddition of bis(oxetane)s with 2,2′‐bis[(4‐chloroformyl)oxyphenyl]propane (2003)

Abstract The polyaddition of 1,4‐bis[(3‐ethyl‐3‐oxetanyl)methoxymethyl]benzene with 2,2′‐bis[(4‐chloroformyl)oxyphenyl]propane was examined with quaternary onium salts as catalysts. When the polyaddition was carried out with tetrabutylphosphonium bromide in chlorobenzene at 120 °C for 24 h, the corresponding poly(alkyl aryl carbonate) with a high molecular weight (number‐average molecular weight = 16,700) was obtained in an almost quantitative yield. It was found from the 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra of the obtained polymer that the addition reaction proceeded without any side reactions, providing the polycarbonate with pendant chloromethyl groups in the side chain. The polyaddition of bis{[3‐(3‐ethyloxetanyl)]methyl}terephthalate also proceeded smoothly and gave the corresponding polycarbonate with high molecular weight in a good yield. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2304–2311, 2003
A computer program for selecting animals for control and experimental groups in biochemical studies (1986)

The standard method for selecting experimental animals for control and experimental groups is by a randomization process in which each animal is placed into one of the groups without looking at any of its individual differences. An alternative, active matching process is proposed by which three to five animals are chosen to form 'experimental units' that are closely matched with respect to average weight and with respect to distribution of weights (standard distribution values). Several such units are then randomly assigned to each control or treatment group and, at the end of the experiment, the animals within each unit are pooled prior to analysis. The merits of this approach and a computer algorithm for making the selections are described.
A case of Paget's disease of bone with erytema elevatum diutimun. (1988)

Paget's disease of bone is not a rare disease in Japan today that is characterized by bone pain and an abnormal serum alkaline phosphatase concentration.EED is a rare disease that is characterized by chronic skin lesions featuring erythematous plaques or nodules arranged in an acral distribution.We treated a case of Paget's disease of bone associated with EED. The patient was a 55-year-old man who had suffered from low back pain and hip pain for twelve years and from erythematous lesions on joints of extremities for ten years.Paget's disease of bone was diagnosed by bone biopsy. Roentgenograms showed right femoral neck fracture. Treatment with eel calcitonin decreased bone pain. The fracture was treated by femoral head replacement.EED was diagnosed by skin biopsy at the department of Dermatology of our hospital and was treated by DDS.This patient had an IgA gammopathy. We concluded that the IgA gammopathy was not derived from neoplastic changes of Paget's disease of bone that is myeloma, but from secondary change of EED.
Flexible Design and Efficient Implementation of Adaptive Dose-Finding Studies (2007)

A dose-finding study with an adaptive design generates three computational problems: fitting the dose-response curve given the current data, identifying the dose to be given to the next patient that is optimal for learning about the dose-response curve, and pretrial simulation in order to establish operating characteristics of alternative designs. Identifying the 'optimal' dose is the rate-limiting step since conventional methods, estimating the full posterior predictive distribution of some utility function under each of the possible doses, are very slow. We explore a simpler strategy based on importance sampling, whereby the posterior mean of the utility at each candidate dose is estimated by taking its average across an empirical distribution for the model parameters from the current Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) run, weighted according to the likelihood of one or more predicted observations. We identify appropriate settings for this algorithm and illustrate its application in the context of a normal dynamic linear model used in a dose-finding clinical trial of a neutrophil inhibitory factor in acute ischaemic stroke.
The laser driven particle accelerator project: Theory and experiment (1999)

A proof of principle experiment for laser driven electron acceleration from crossed laser beams in a dielectric loaded vacuum is being carried out at Stanford University. We seek to measure a maximum energy gain of about 250 keV for a 30–35 MeV electron beam in one accelerator cell. We use laser pulses of a few picoseconds of duration from a regenerative Ti:sapphire laser amplifier at a wavelength of 800 nm in a laser-electron interaction distance of ∼1 mm.
Exclusion of Clinically Atypical or Microbiologically Mixed Diarrhoeal Episodes from Outcome Events in a Field Trial of Oral Cholera Vaccines (1989)

We investigated whether alternative clinical and microbiological criteria for outcome events affected estimates of vaccine efficacy in a randomized, double-blind field trial of B subunit-killed whole cell (BS-WC) and killed whole cell-only (WC) oral cholera vaccines among 62,285 rural Bangladeshi participants. At one year of follow-up estimates of vaccine protective efficacy (PE = 60%, P less than 0.0001 for BS-WC; PE = 54%, P less than 0.0001 for WC) against all treated diarrhoeal episodes associated with V. cholerae 01 were similar to estimates of efficacy against only those episodes which were clinically typical and unassociated with additional enteric pathogens (PE = 62%, P less than 0.0001 for BS-WC; PE = 52%, P less than 0.0001 for WC). In contrast, estimates of vaccine cross-protection against episodes associated with each of several agents antigenically related to V. cholerae 01 (LT-ETEC, non-cholera Vibrio sp, Aeromonas sp) were substantially reduced when mixed infections with V. cholerae 01 were excluded. We conclude that restrictive criteria intended to improve the specificity of the definition of cholera did not increase the detectability of vaccine efficacy against V. cholerae 01, but that exclusion of mixed infections with V. cholerae 01 was necessary to avoid false-positive conclusions about vaccine cross-protection against other potential target pathogens.
Isolation of intact proteins from acid‐degradable polyacrylamide gel (2009)

Elucidating native structure-function relationships of proteins identified using PAGE has been impeded by limitations in the isolation of intact proteins from the gel. By hydrolyzing polyacrylamide gel band under mildly acidic conditions rather than digesting entrapped proteins approximately 70% of a large native protein, mouse IgG1 (molecular weight 150 kDa), was isolated. Further analysis indicated that the isolated antibodies had preserved specific binding capability to target antigens as well as intact molecular weights. This new technology may contribute to functional proteomic studies through the isolation of proteins in their native state after PAGE, and other technologies requiring simultaneous separation and isolation of other macromolecules and complexes.
The Adsorption of Zinc(II) on Anion-exchange Resins. III. The Adsorption from Bromide, Fluoride, Cyanide, Oxalate, Acetate, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate and Alkaline Media, the Perchlorate Eflect and Adsorption from Mixed Solvent Media (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Adsorption of Zinc(II) on Anion-exchange Resins. III. The Adsorption from Bromide, Fluoride, Cyanide, Oxalate, Acetate, Nitrate, Phosphate, Sulfate and Alkaline Media, the Perchlorate Eflect and Adsorption from Mixed Solvent MediaR. A. Horne, R. H. Holm, and M. D. MeyersCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 12, 1661–1665Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150558a024https://doi.org/10.1021/j150558a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nutcracker syndrome: diagnosis with Doppler US. (1996)

Doppler US of the LRV with measurement of the AP diameter and PV may be useful in diagnosing the nutcracker syndrome.
<title>Laboratory Measurements Of Laser Propagation</title> (1983)

We have investigated atmospheric absorption near the frequency of the chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL). Survey spectra were taken around the laser line both with a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) and with a tunable laser; we found the FTS to be better suited for this use. We have also measured absorption cross sections of several atmospheric gases at the COIL frequency. The photoacoustic detector used with COIL is preferred over the FTS.
Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT) powertrain system (1981)

A 74.5 kW(100 hp) advanced automotive gas turbine engine is described. A design iteration to improve the weight and production cost associated with the original concept is discussed. Major rig tests included 15 hours of compressor testing to 80% design speed and the results are presented. Approximately 150 hours of cold flow testing showed duct loss to be less than the design goal. Combustor test results are presented for initial checkout tests. Turbine design and rig fabrication is discussed. From a materials study of six methods to fabricate rotors, two have been selected for further effort. A discussion of all six methods is given.
Cameras and Lights for Underwater Use (1955)

The design of underwater automatic and controlled cameras is discussed. A camera of linear design uses a 4-in. (ID) cylinder and a standard 100-ft roll of 35mm film, exposing 800 frames of double 35mm size. Electronic flash is used for illumination, either synchronized with a shutter when external light is present, or without a shutter in darkness. Simplified calculations are given in chart form for cylinders and end plates with external pressure. A few experimental points are given.
Dynamics of the supercavitating hydrofoil with cavitator in steady flow field (2020)

Maintaining stability remains a crucial issue for the safety of underwater vehicles, especially during high-speed navigation where flow cavitation may occur. Cavitators are small protrusions on the hydrofoil surface, which can be used to control the patterns of flow cavitation. In this study, we investigate the effect of cavitators on supercavitating flow and hydrodynamic forces for high-speed hydrofoil. The volume of fluid method and the large eddy simulation turbulence model with the Kunz cavitation model are used in the simulations in order to accurately capture the interface between two phases (water and vapor) and the region of flow supercavitation. To validate the numerical method, the time-averaged simulated results of the supercavitating flow over a wedge-shaped hydrofoil are compared and validated against the experimental data by Kermeen (“Experimental investigations of three-dimensional effects on cavitating hydrofoils,” Technical Report No. 47-14, Engineering Division of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1960). Then, the numerical method is used to simulate the supercavitating flow of two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases with and without the cavitator placed on the lower side of the hydrofoil. The simulations were conducted for the cavitator located at the 1/32, 1/16, 1/8, and 1/4 chord of the hydrofoil at various angles of attack 1°–12° and cavitation numbers at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4. A detailed analysis is made to examine the relations between cavitation pattern, hydrodynamic forces, and cavitator placement location. Compared to the cases without the cavitator, the supercavitating flow over the hydrofoils controlled by the cavitator demonstrates a significant difference in lift, whereas the drag does not change much. The changes in lift are closely related to the cavitator location. These findings can serve as a good guidance on how to improve the hydrodynamic performance and stability condition of a high-speed hydrofoil/wing using the cavitator.
Selective suppression of the transcription of ribosomal genes in mouse‐human hybrid cells (1979)

Mouse-human hybrid cells that preferentially segregate either mouse or human chromosomes were analyzed for their relative content of mouse and human rRNA genes and for their capacity to transcribe these genes. A distinctive Hind III restriction fragment containing 28S rRNA sequences was used to distinguish between mouse and human rDNA and a set of distinctive loop structures in the 45S pre-rRNA was used to distinguish between mouse and human gene transcripts. Our results indicate that the genes of only one species are transcriptionally active in these hybrid cells, even though both sets of genes are present.
Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (2009)

Since the description of the first case of dermatomyositis over a century ago, our understanding of myositis has evolved. Bohan and Peter in 1975 established diagnostic criteria for polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Subsequent investigations by Arahata and Engel delineated differences in the lymphocyte subsets on muscle histopathology distinguishing polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Following that, myositis-specific antibodies have been reported in association with various myositis subtypes and with interstitial lung disease. Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are in general responsive to immunosuppressive therapy. Inclusion body myositis (IBM) became recognized as a distinct entity nearly half a century ago. IBM is clinically and pathologically distinct from the other inflammatory myopathies. The weakness in IBM is characteristic, involving both the proximal and distal muscle groups, such as finger flexion, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion. Vacuolated fibers, amyloid deposition, and filaments on electron microscopy are pathologic hallmarks of IBM. IBM is refractory to corticosteroids and intravenous gamma globulins. This clinical observation and the pathologic features support the hypothesis that IBM is a muscle-degenerative disease. Most recently, a fourth inflammatory myopathy subtype called necrotizing myopathy was described. Necrotizing myopathy may be related to malignancy, other autoimmune diseases, toxic exposure or can be idiopathic. The key histopathologic findings of this entity are necrotic fibers undergoing phagocytosis. Though patients ultimately respond to immunosuppressive therapy, they tend to be more refractory and therefore often require a more aggressive treatment approach.
Mimicking the Binding Sites of Wnt Proteins: Rational Design of Wnt/Fzd-Signaling Modulators (2015)

The interaction between Wnt proteins and Frizzled (Fzd) receptors is a key event that activates all the Wnt signaling pathways [1]. Aberrant regulation of Wnt signaling is linked to a variety of diseases, and compounds that interfere with Wnt/Fzd interactions are potentially useful for their diagnosis and therapeutics. The aim of the present work was to develop peptides that bind to Fzds, and are able to modulate Wnt/Fzd-signaling. In order to develop such compounds, we sought to mimic the Fzd-binding sites of Wnt proteins. Although there is limited structural information on the features of Wnt/Fzd interactions, it is likely that all Wnt proteins interact with Fzds through their β2and β3-loop regions [2]. These regions are highly conserved among the different Wnts, and their secondary structure is stabilized by a characteristic pattern of intraloop SS-bonds. Herein we report the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a library of peptide mimics for the β2and β3-loop regions of Wnt3a and Wnt5a.
Determination of a Colliector Junction Model for Planar Bipcdar Transistors (1973)

This paper is concerned with the representation of tf e! collector-base junction of planar bipolar transistors by a model cap{(- ble of accurate characterization of junction capacitance and avir- lanche breakdown behavior. The model chosen consists of an ex- ponential impurity density profile with cylindrical peripheral regic'n approximation, and is regarded as the simplest representation suit- able for the purpose. Objectives are the practical determination ,f the defining parameters (collector background, impurity density, exponential characteristic length, and collector junction depth) f 3r such a model, and the demonstration of its accuracy for the physical characterization of the device structure. Model parameter determina- tion is carried out in terms of junction capacitance and B VcBo mea- surements, by processes of computer fitting between model alld measured data; the procedures used are nondestructive. It is shown, in particular, that the values obtained for the collector resistivity a11d junction depth are in very good agreement with those derived sy +point probe measurement and by bevel and stain sectionir.g, respectively.
Effects of Green Roof on the Wind Field of a Low-rise Building (2015)

A three dimensional numerical wind tunnel based on the Navier-Stokes equations for viscous, incompressible fluid and LES method is established. Incoming wind field is generated based on the AIJ guidelines (2004). The numerical wind tunnel is validated against experimental results. A low-rise building with green roof is tested in the numerical wind tunnel. The results show that the green roof reduces the drag force of the building, cuts down the fluctuation near the roof, but has insignificant effect on the time-averaged velocity field.
Advanced vector polarization shaping and applications of ultrafast laser pulses (2008)

We demonstrate complete control over the polarization, phase and amplitude state of an ultrafast laser pulse using a single, linear spatial light modulator. Characterization and applications of vector pulse shaping will also be discussed.
Association between selected dietary scores and the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma: A prospective cohort study (2016)

Studies investigating the association of food and nutrient consumption with the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) have produced mixed results. We used three common dietary scores, the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), the Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010) and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) to assess the evidence of an association between diet and the risk of UCC. Over a median follow-up time of 21.3 years, 379 incident UCC cases were diagnosed. Dietary scores were calculated using data from a 121-item food frequency questionnaire administered at baseline. We used Cox models to compute hazard ratios (HR) for the association between dietary scores (per one standard deviation) and UCC risk. In order to reflect overall adherence to a healthy diet, a metascore was constructed by summing the quintiles of each of the three scores. None of the dietary scores was associated with the risk of UCC overall. A healthier diet was found to be inversely associated with the risk of invasive (MDS: HR = 0.86, 95% CI: 0.74-1.00, metascore: HR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.71-0.98), but not superficial disease (heterogeneity between subtypes p = 0.04 and p = 0.03, respectively). Results were consistent but weaker for the DII and the AHEI-2010. We found some evidence of effect modification by smoking, in particular for the metascore (Current: HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.58-1.01, Former: HR = 0.77, 95% CI: 0.64-0.92, Never: HR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.81-1.26, p for heterogeneity = 0.05). A healthy diet may be protective against the risk of invasive, but not superficial, UCC. Promoting healthy dietary habits may help lower the risk of invasive UCC, especially for current and former smokers.
Misregulation of Sex-Lethal and Disruption of Male-Specific Lethal Complex Localization in Drosophila Species Hybrids (2006)

A major model system for the study of evolutionary divergence between closely related species has been the unisexual lethality resulting from reciprocal crosses of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Sex-lethal (Sxl), a critical gene for sex determination, is misregulated in these hybrids. In hybrid males from D. melanogaster mothers, there is an abnormal expression of Sxl and a failure of localization of the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex to the X chromosome, which causes changes in gene expression. Introduction of a Sxl mutation into this hybrid genotype will allow expression of the MSL complex but there is no sequestration to the X chromosome. Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr), which allows hybrid males from this cross to survive, corrects the SXL and MSL defects. The reciprocal cross of D. simulans mothers by D. melanogaster males exhibits underexpression of Sxl in embryos.
Identification of Two Novel Point Mutations in the Human Protein S Gene Associated With Familial Protein S Deficiency and Thrombosis (1996)

Individuals with thrombosis who were believed to possess associated familial protein S deficiency were analyzed for mutations in the protein S gene by a two-step process. First, the individuals were analyzed for protein S Pro626 A/G dimorphism in both their genomic DNA and reverse-transcribed (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified cDNA from peripheral blood cell mRNA. If a heterozygote expressed both alleles at the mRNA level at this site in genomic DNA, a search for point mutations was made by direct cDNA sequencing. RT-PCR amplification of exons 1-6 with mRNA from two twin sisters, each of whom has severe type I protein S deficiency, revealed both larger and smaller fragments in addition to the expected 504-base pair fragment in normal individuals. A donor splicesite mutation at position +4 of the 5' end of intron A was subsequently identified in both sisters and their mother. This mutation would lead to incorrect precursor mRNA splicing and the observed cDNA products. Translation of the altered mRNAs would result in a truncated protein without biological activity. In a second family, cDNA sequencing revealed a T-->G mutation at codon 603 (Ile-->Ser) in exon 15 of the protein S gene in an individual with protein S deficiency (mixed type) and a history of thrombosis. The same mutation was also detected in the proband's mother and grandmother, both of whom also exhibit protein S deficiency and thrombotic disease. This mutation occurs within a disulfide loop of protein S that is believed to be responsible for binding to C4b binding protein and may result in greater affinity between protein S and C4b, consequently leading to thrombotic disease.