gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Properties of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes/Polystyrene-Block-Polybutadiene-Block-Polystyrene Composites (2011)

We prepared poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) matrix composites in which multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were homogeneously dispersed, and their morphologies, thermal properties, and mechanical properties were investigated. The incorporation of MWCNTs into the SBS matrices improved their thermal and mechanical properties with appropriate flexibility. The MWCNT/SBS composites did not flow above 100 °C, and showed surprising improvements in terms of their creep properties. The results indicated the possibility of broadening their use in high temperature applications, and of significantly improving permanent strain, which are currently the main demerits of TPE. These drastic improvements in the various properties of MWCNT/SBS composites were assumed to have been caused by the formation of a three-dimensional structure at the interfacial phase of the SBS matrix along the MWCNTs, which we designated as a “cell structure”.
I-A-positive nonlymphoid cells and T cell development in murine fetal thymus organ cultures: interleukin 1 circumvents the block in T cell differentiation induced by monoclonal anti-I-A antibodies. (1986)

A fetal thymus organ culture system has been used to monitor the influence of interleukin 1 (IL 1) on the production of functional T cells as assessed by cell recoveries and MLC assays. We had shown earlier that the addition of monoclonal anti-I-A antibody inhibited the development of functional T cells as well as the expression of Ia on nonlymphoid cells recovered from fetal thymus organ cultures. The addition of purified recombinant IL 1 to anti-I-A-treated cultures reversed the inhibition of T cell growth induced by anti-I-A. IL 1 also induced the reexpression of Ia on the surfaces of nonlymphoid cells that could be recovered from the cultures. The "rescue" effect of IL 1 on anti-I-A-treated fetal thymus lobes was manifested in spite of the fact that the addition of IL 1 to untreated cultures had little effect on T cell development. To determine if IL 1 had a physiologic role in the development of the fetal thymus in organ culture, highly specific goat antibodies to IL 1 were added to organ cultures. These antibodies inhibited the development of T cells in organ cultures as determined by cell recovery and MLC reactivity. These results are consistent with the conclusion that IL 1 is an important mediator in the growth and development of functional T cells in the fetal thymus.
Retroviral Vector Performance in Defined Chromosomal Loci of Modular Packaging Cell Lines (2010)

The improvement of safety and titer of retroviral vectors produced in standard retroviral packaging cell lines is hampered because production relies on uncontrollable vector integration events. The influences of chromosomal surroundings make it difficult to dissect the performance of a specific vector from the chromosomal surroundings of the respective integration site. Taking advantage of a technology that relies on the use of packaging cell lines with predefined integration sites, we have systematically evaluated the performance of several retroviral vectors. In two previously established modular packaging cell lines (Flp293A and 293 FLEX) with single, defined chromosomal integration sites, retroviral vectors were integrated by means of Flp-mediated site-specific recombination. Vectors that are distinguished by different long terminal repeat promoters were introduced in either the sense or reverse orientation. The results show that the promoter, viral vector orientation, and integration site are the main determinants of the titer. Furthermore, we exploited the viral production systems to evaluate read-through activity. Read-through is thought to be caused by inefficient termination of vector transcription and is inherent to the nature of retroviral vectors. We assessed the frequency of transduction of sequences flanking the retroviral vectors from both integration sites. The approach presented here provides a platform for systematic design and evaluation of the efficiency and safety of retroviral vectors optimized for a given producer cell line.
A Case of Second Branchial Cleft Cyst with Oropharyngeal Presentation (2002)

Second branchial cleft cysts are the most common type of branchial abnormalities and usually found high in the neck. Oropharyngeal presence of branchial cleft cyst is very rare. We report a case of oropharyngeal branchial cleft cyst in 2-yr-old girl with about 1 x 1 cm sized cystic mass, which had not any specific symptom. It was removed completely under impression of mucocele and did not have tract-like structure. However, cyst had a squamous epithelium-lined wall with lymphoid aggregation in histopathologic study, which was characteristic finding of branchial cleft cyst. Patient discharged without any complication and there was no evidence of recurrence for 18 months follow-up. We review reported oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal presentation of these cases in English literature and embryological explanation.
A CELL CYCLE ALTERATION PRECEDES APOPTOSIS OF GRANULE CELL PRECURSORS IN THE WEAVER MOUSE CEREBELLUM (1999)

A missense mutation in the gene coding for the G-protein-activated inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channel, GIRK2, is responsible for apoptosis in the external germinal layer (EGL) of the cerebellum and a nonapoptotic death of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in the weaver (wv) mouse. Failure of axonogenesis and migration are considered to be the primary consequences of GIRK2 channel malfunction in the cerebellum. We investigated whether a disruption of the cell cycle precedes the failure of migration and axonogenesis and leads to massive apoptosis. To this end, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for PCNA, Cdk4, cyclin D, cyclin A, and the Cdk inhibitor p27/kip1, as well as in situ end-labeling for apoptotic DNA fragmentation, were applied to cerebella of P7-P21+/+, wv/+, and wv/wv mice. In +/+ and wv/+ mice, the expression of cell cycle proteins was limited to the outer, premigratory zone of the EGL. Antibodies to p27, a marker of cell differentiation, gave a reverse staining pattern. Due to migration delay, patches of p27-positive cells persisted in the outer EGL in P21 wv/+ mice. On the contrary, marked cell cycle up-regulation and absence of p27 occurred throughout the EGL at all ages in wv/wv mice, indicating an inability to switch off the cell cycle. Mitotic index evaluation showed that cell cycle activation was unrelated to proliferative events. Cell cycle proteins were not expressed in the substantia nigra, suggesting that nonapoptotic death of mature dopaminergic neurons is not preceded by abortive cell cycle re-entry. Our data show that abnormalities of the cell cycle in wv/wv cerebellum represent a major and early consequence of GIRK2 channel malfunction and may strongly influence the susceptibility of EGL cells to apoptosis. These observations may help in understanding the pathogenesis of human neurological channelopathies.
A putative exchange factor for Rho1 GTPase is required for initiation of cytokinesis in Drosophila (1999)

Cytokinesis ensures the successful completion of the cell cycle and distribution of chromosomes, organelles, and cytoplasm between daughter cells. It is accomplished by formation and constriction of an actomyosin contractile ring that drives the progression of a cleavage furrow. Microinjection experiments and in vitro transfection assays have suggested a requirement for small GTPases of the Rho family in cytokinesis. Yet, the identity of proteins regulating Rho signaling pathways during cytokinesis remains unknown. Here we show that in Drosophila, Pebble (Pbl), a putative exchange factor for Rho GTPases (RhoGEF), is required for the formation of the contractile ring and initiation of cytokinesis. The dynamics of Pbl expression and its distribution during mitosis, as well as structure-function analysis, indicate that it is a key regulatory component of the pathway. pbl interacts genetically with Rho1, but not with Rac1 or Cdc42, and Pbl and Rho1 proteins interact in vivo in yeast. Similar to mutations in pbl, loss of Rho1 or expression of a dominant-negative Rho1 blocks cytokinesis. Our results identify Pbl as a RhoGEF specifically required for cytokinesis and linked through Rho1 activity to the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton at the cleavage furrow.
Model cell culture systems for studying differentiation (1990)

VOLUME I: MODEL CELL CULTURE SYSTEMS For STUDYING DIFFERENTIATION Linkages in the Control of Differentiation and Proliferation in Murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Human Keratinocyte Progenitor Cells: The Effects of Carcinogenesis Regulation of Liver Gene Expression During Development and Regeneration Regulation of Gene Expression by Retinoic Acid -Embryonal Carcinoma Cell Differentiation The Cloning and Characterization of Myogenein, Factor Regulating Muscle Cell Differentiation The Role of Differentiation in the Control of the Tumorigenic Phenotype DNA Tumor Viruses and Cellular Differentiation Cytoplasmic Regulation of Cellular Differentiation: Role for Mitochondria in Carcinogenesis
Note: Rheological Properties of a Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polyester (1984)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Bickel, M. T. Shaw, E. T. Samulski; Note: Rheological Properties of a Thermotropic Liquid Crystal Polyester. Journal of Rheology 1 October 1984; 28 (5): 647–652. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549771 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Low density lipoprotein modification by cholesterol oxidase induces enhanced uptake and cholesterol accumulation in cells. (1992)

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) by cells of the arterial wall or in the presence of copper ions was shown to result in the peroxidation of its fatty acids as well as its cholesterol moiety. LDL incubation with cholesterol oxidase (CO) resulted in the conversion of up to 85% of the lipoprotein unesterified cholesterol (cholest-5-en-3-ol) to cholestenone (cholest-4-en-3-one) in a dose- and time-dependent pattern. Plasma very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) could be similarly modified by CO. In cholesterol oxidase-modified LDL (CO-LDL), unlike copper ion-induced oxidized LDL (Cu-Ox-LDL), there was no fatty acids peroxidation, and lipoprotein size or charge as well as LDL cholesteryl ester, phospholipids, and triglycerides content were not affected. CO-LDL, however, demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to oxidation by copper ions in comparison to native LDL. Upon incubation of CO-LDL with J-774 A.1 macrophage-like cell line, cellular uptake and degradation of the lipoprotein was increased by up to 62% in comparison to native LDL but was 15% lower than that of Cu-Ox-LDL. Similarly, the binding of CO-LDL to macrophages increased by up to 80%, and cellular cholesterol mass was increased 51% more than the mass obtained with native LDL. Several lines of evidence indicate that CO-LDL was taken up via the LDL receptor: 1) Excess amounts of unlabeled LDL, but not acetyl-LDL (Ac-LDL), effectively competed with 125I-CO-LDL for the uptake by cells. 2) The degradation of CO-LDL by various types of macrophages and by fibroblasts could be dissociated from that of Ac-LDL and was always higher than that of native LDL. 3) A monoclonal antibody to the LDL receptor (IgG-C7) and a monoclonal antibody to the LDL receptor binding domains on apoB-100 (B1B6) inhibited macrophage degradation of CO-LDL. The receptor for Cu-Ox-LDL, which is not shared with Ac-LDL, was also partially involved in macrophage uptake of CO-LDL, since Cu-Ox-LDL demonstrated some competition capability with CO-125I-LDL for its cellular degradation. CO-LDL cellular degradation was inhibited by chloroquine, thus implying lysosomal involvement in the cellular processing of the lipoprotein. Incubation of macrophages with LDL in the presence of increasing concentrations of cholestenone resulted in up to 52% enhanced lipoprotein cellular degradation suggesting that the cholestenone in CO-LDL might be involved in the enhanced cellular uptake of the modified lipoprotein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Marimastat After Response to First-Line Chemotherapy in Patients With Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada-Clinical Trials Group and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (2002)

Treatment with marimastat after induction therapy for SCLC did not result in improved survival and had a negative impact on quality of life.
Pharmacology and toxicity of intracarotid adriamycin administration following osmotic blood-brain barrier modification. (1981)

The effect of reversible blood-brain barrier modification on the delivery of Adriamycin to the brain was studied in a rodent and canine model. Pharmacokinetic and physiological studies were done in these animals after a wide range of doses of Adriamycin (0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg) were administered into the carotid artery following osmotic barrier modification with mannitol. In the absence of barrier modification, no immunoreactive Adriamycin was detected in the cerebrum; whereas, following barrier modification, up to 4.5 micrograms of drug and/or metabolites per g of brain were found. Optimum tissue levels of Adriamycin and metabolites were achieved following barrier modification when the drug was administered by either bolus or slow continuous (15-min) infusion. Immunoreactive drug was identified in brain for up to 6 hr after administration. Significant functional neurotoxicity occurred at all dose levels, even at 0.1 mg/kg, a level at which Adriamycin concentration in the brain was below the level of detectability. Neuropathological examination revealed the presence of necrosis and hemorrhagic infarcts. Thus, these pharmacological and toxicity studies suggest that Adriamycin (or its metabolites) may produce significant clinical neurotoxicity when even small amounts penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
Solidly mounted resonators with layer-transferred AlN using sacrificial crystalline surfaces (2009)

A new process to manufacture solidly mounted bulk acoustic wave resonators using wafer bonding and sacrificial surface removal is introduced. With this process, AlN thin films are obtained having excellent c-axis orientation with XRD rocking curve FWHM of 1.36deg and material electromechanical coupling constant of 6.8% exceeding the epitaxial AlN electromechanical coupling constant. The resonators are working around 2.35 GHz and have Q-values as high as ~1300.
Shear breakage of nylon membrane microcapsules in a turbine reactor (1989)

The breakage of nylon membrane microcapsules is proposed as a new method to study and quantify shear effects in biological systems. A critique of this method shows that a narrower particle size distribution may be an important improvement in the breakage study as well as breakage control in many bioreactor and biotechnological applications. In a turbine reactor, it was shown that the primary process which determines the microcapsule breakage is the shear effect. The breakage kinetics are first order with regard to the microcapsule concentration. The breakage kinetic constant was ob served to be dependent on the temperature and the particle size, and proportional to the average shear rate and the third power of the turbine angular velocity. Decrease of the breakage kinetic constant with temperature can be explained by a decrease of fluid viscosity and a change in nylon membrane properties. An increase in the breakage kinetic constant with the microcapsule diameter can be due to a lowering of internal pressure and a reduction of the membrane resistance with size. Proportionality between the breakage kinetic constant and the shear rate shows that shear is the main process which leads to microcapsule breakage. The additional intervention in the shear rate expression of the turbine angular speed in the form of the turbine and particle velocities, results in the dependence of the breakage kinetic constant on the third power of the angular velocity.
Thermotropic liquid-crystalline folic acid derivatives: supramolecular discotic and smectic aggregation (2000)

Thermotropic discotic and smectic liquid crystallinity can be induced for folic acid derivatives having octadecyl and undecyl substituents in wide temperatures ranges, respectively; the addition of sodium triflate to smectic liquid-crystalline folic acid leads to a change of the assembled structures from smectic to columnar phases.
Maßanalyse des Fluors mit Zirkonchlorid‐Lösung 2. Mitteilung (1952)

Abstract Wasserlösliche Fluoride entfärben durch Komplexsalzbildung den zwischen Zirkonsalz‐Lösungen und alizarinsulfosaurem‐Natrium allein in salzsaurer Lösung sich bildenden löslichen roten Farblack. Die darauf beruhenden Fluor‐Bestimmungsmethoden sind wegen der besonderen Vergleichstiterstellung umständlich oder ungenau, da zwischen dem Verbrauch an Zirkonchlorid‐Lösung und Fluor, infolge eines willkürlich gewählten Säuregrades, kein bestimmtes äquivalentes Verhältnis bestand. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die richtige Acidität einer n ZrCl 4 ‐Maßlösung festzulegen, die unter den angeführten Titrationsbedingungen dem Fluoräquivalentgewicht entspricht.
Learning ELM network weights using linear discriminant analysis (2014)

We present an alternative to the pseudo-inverse method for determining the hidden to output weight values for Extreme Learning Machines performing classification tasks. The method is based on linear discriminant analysis and provides Bayes optimal single point estimates for the weight values.
FTIR biochemical imaging of the prostate: an in-vitro proof of concept study (2007)

Prostate cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed male cancer in Europe. Histopathology, the current gold standard for diagnosing prostate pathology is subjective and limited by intra and inter-observer variation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) enables objective tissue analysis on the basis of biochemical and structural tissue components. This study examined FTIR’s ability to discriminate between benign, premalignant and malignant prostate pathologies. Biochemical fitting using non negative least squares was performed on the spectral datasets of individual prostate pathologies. This novel technique was applied to estimate the relative concentrations of the dominant components in prostate tissue from different prostate pathologies. Preliminary results of the biochemical fitting were promising and gave an early insight into possible biomarkers which could be used in the future to classify stages of the carcinogenesis process. The Principal Component Analysis fed Linear Discriminant Analysis enabled good separation of the pathologies with sensitivities and specificities comparable with the gold standard histopathology. Further work will develop the biochemical fitting technique and increase sample size.
A Geometrically Exact Isogeometric Blended Shell: Formulation, Benchmarking, and Automotive Application (2017)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">We present a geometrically exact isogeometric blended shell formulation. In other words, all geometric quantities appearing in the blended theory are evaluated exactly and no approximations are employed. The blended approach allows higher-order shell theories, like Kirchhoff-Love, to be combined with Reissner-Mindlin shell formulations, which have rotational degrees of freedom. In this way, rotations can be employed only where needed to simplify shell modeling such as at kinks and intersections. Away from these regions shear locking free formulations can be employed to improve robustness, accuracy, and efficiency. We compare our approach to standard shell elements commonly used in industry on several benchmarks to explore the behavior of the element. We then model an inner car hood to demonstrate our ability to handle complex CAD geometry in a simple manner without geometry cleanup and mesh generation steps. This shell element forms the basis of the newly developed Isogeometrx structural solver.</div></div>
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN. 48. SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF [15,16‐D‐LYSINE,17,18‐D‐ARGININE] ‐ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN‐(1–19) AND AN ALL‐D‐RETROPEPTIDE RELATED TO THE AMINO TERMINAL OCTADECAPEPTIDE OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN* (1976)

The peptide [15, 16-D-lysine, 17, 18-D-arginine]-adrenocorticotropin-(1-19) and an all-D-retropeptide related to the amino terminal octadecapeptide of adrenocorticotropin have been synthesized by the solid-phase method. The nonadecapeptide was shown to possess 10-15% of the steroidogenic activity and 3% of the lipolytic activity of adrenocorticotropin-(1-19). The all-D-retropeptide showed no activity and exhibited no inhibitory activity in steroidogenesis and lipolysis.
Combination chemotherapy: synergistic inhibition of lymphoma L5178Y cells in culture and in vivo with 6-mercaptopurine and 6-(methylmercapto)purine ribonucleoside. (1969)

Summary The proliferation of cells of mouse lymphoma L5178Y, either in primary culture or in vivo , was inhibited much more effectively by combinations of 6-mercaptopurine and 6-(methylmercapto)purine ribonucleoside than would be expected from the separate effects of these agents. The existence of these synergistic inhibitory effects against the lymphoma cells in culture indicates that drug effects in the tumor cell, rather than effects at the host level, were responsible for the increase in survival time achieved by combining the drugs. In the most effective combinations of the drug pair, 6-mercaptopurine was in 5- to 10-fold molar excess, whether assayed in vivo or against cultured lymphoma cells. A likely biochemical mechanism for this synergism is discussed, based on the enhancement in 6-mercaptopurine anabolism caused by 6-(methylmercapto)purine ribonucleoside.
Preparation and Characterization of Head-to-Head Polymers. II. Head-to-Head Poly(methyl Acrylate) (1974)

Abstract Head-to-head poly(methyl acrylate) was prepared by esterification of the known alternating copolymer of ethylene and maleic anhydride. Some of the chemical,physical, and mechanical properties and the thermal degradation behavior of head-to-head poly(methyl acrylate) were studied and compared with those of head-to-tail poly(methyl acrylate). The Tg of the head-to-head polymer was higher than that of the head-to-tail polymer, but the solubilities of both types of polymers of comparable molecular weight were similar. Head-to-head poly(methyl acrylate) degraded thermally at approximately the same temperature and with a rate similar to head-to-tail poly(methyl acrylate). Unlike poly(methyl cinnamates) which cleanly degraded to monomers, poly(methyl acrylates), head-to-head and head-to-tail, degrade to very small molecules, such as CO2, methanol, but also larger polymer fragments and char. Trace amounts of monomers (methyl acrylate) were also observed.