gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of incubation temperature, inoculum size, and medium on agreement of macro- and microdilution broth susceptibility test results for yeasts (1990)

We examined the effects of temperature and inoculum on the agreement of macro- and microdilution broth MICs of five antifungal agents against six isolates of Candida species or Torulopsis glabrata. Incubation temperature affected results with amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, and SCH 39304, producing better agreement at 35 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. Agreement between methods was better with an inoculum size of 10(2) than with one of 10(4) yeast cells per ml in testing fluconazole or SCH 39304, and the discrepancies seen with a higher incubation temperature and a larger inoculum appeared to be additive. However, inoculum size did not seem to affect agreement between methods in testing amphotericin B, flucytosine, or ketoconazole. Regardless of test conditions, macrodilution broth MICs of amphotericin B for different isolates were strikingly higher than microdilution test MICs, with mean differences being greater than ninefold under some test conditions. We conclude that for most currently available antifungal agents, an incubation temperature of 35 degrees C and a starting yeast inoculum of less than 10(4) cells per ml improve the agreement between macro- and microdilution broth tests.
<title>A New Approach To The Design Of Very High Resolution, Wide Angle Imaging Systems -- Aspheric Correctors Without Rotational Symmetry For A One-Dimensional Field-Of-View System</title> (1974)

Part of the work done under an Air Force contract, and previously under Lockheed's internal funds, has been to find an optical system covering ten's of degrees with arc-seconds resolution. Since we only required a one-dimensional field-of-view, we allowed nonrotational symmetric figuring! Thus we could design an f/2 refractive-corrector-Schmidt-type system that would meet re-quirements. It is a factor of 10 better than a standard Schmidt. The same principle allows a reflective-corrector-Schmidt with better performance than a standard Schmidt. We have analyzed a variety of multiple corrector configurations with outstanding performance, including an f/2 all-reflective system that fully meets requirements, and an f/l. 3 three-refractive-corrector system that exceeds resolution requirements by almost an order of magnitude.
Optical Interaction between the Chloro-complexes of Copper(I) and Copper(II) in Solutions of Unit Ionic Strength<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical Interaction between the Chloro-complexes of Copper(I) and Copper(II) in Solutions of Unit Ionic Strength1Harden McConnell and Norman DavidsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 7, 3168–3173Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01163a100https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01163a100research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimating solar access of typical residential rooftops: A case study in San Jose, CA (2008)

Shadows cast by trees and buildings can limit the solar access of rooftop solar-energy systems, including photovoltaic panels and thermal collectors. This study characterizes rooftop shading in a residential neighborhood of San Jose, CA, one of four regions analyzed in a wider study of the solar access of California homes. High-resolution orthophotos and LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) measurements of surface height were used to create a digital elevation model of all trees and buildings in a 4 km2 residential neighborhood. Hourly shading of roofing planes (the flat elements of roofs) was computed geometrically from the digital elevation model. Parcel boundaries were used to determine the extent to which roofing planes were shaded by trees and buildings in neighboring parcels. In the year in which surface heights were measured (2005), shadows from all sources ("total shading") reduced the insolation received by S-, SW-, and W-facing residential roofing planes in the study area by 13 - 16percent. Shadows cast by trees and buildings in neighboring parcels reduced insolation by no more than 2percent. After 30 years of simulated maximal tree growth, annual total shading increased to 19 - 22percent, and annual extraparcel shading increased to 3 - 4percent.
Flexure-based Manipulator for Active Handheld Microsurgical Instrument (2005)

This paper presents the design and initial experimental results of a flexure-based parallel manipulator that is actuated by three piezoelectric stacks. The manipulator is for an active handheld tremor canceling device for microsurgery. By using flexures to approximate pin and ball joints, errors due to friction, backlash, and imperfect assemblies have been eliminated. The results show that the manipulator is capable of tracking motions similar to physiological tremor in amplitude and frequency. The workspace of the manipulator is more than 7 times larger than the tremor space in the x and y axes, and about 1.5 times larger in the z axis. One dimensional and three dimensional tracking tests had rms errors of 6.5 μm and 12.1 μm respectively.
Design of Mechanically Fastened (Bolted) Joints in Automotive Composites (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses the design issues related to bolted joints in automotive composites. Pin bearing strength and fatigue test results of bolted joints in both random fiber as well as continuous fiber sheet molding compound composites are reviewed. Fatigue failure modes in bolted joints of these composites are presented. Based on these tests, design guidelines for bolted joints in sheet molding compound composites are proposed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Sheet molding compound (SMC) composites and resin transfer molded (RTM) composites are being considered for applications in automotive chassis components, such as cross members, wheels, and front end structures. Mechanical fasteners will be used to attach these composite components to their supports or other structures. While adhesive joints are preferred in body applications, mechanical fasteners, such as bolts and screws, have some distinct advantages in chassis applications. They can be quickly and repeatedly disassembled for inspections, repairs or replacements. Adhesively bonded joints are more permanent and cannot be disassembled without either damaging or destroying the substrate.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Mechanical fasteners, such as rivets and bolts, are used extensively with aerospace composites. Materials in these fasteners are titanium, aluminum and stainless steels. They are also specially designed and developed to account for the unique nature of the carbon fiber reinforced epoxies, namely their brittleness and relatively low damage tolerance. Automotive fasteners follow the SAE specifications and are typically made of low to medium carbon steels. Due to their low cost, wide availability and standardization, they will continue to be used with both metallic and composite materials. Even if new fasteners are developed to suit the composite joints, it will be difficult to implement their use in repair shops and garages. Unlike the aerospace industry, there is very little control on the servicing of automobiles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews the design parameters that are important in the design of bolted joints in two automotive composites, namely random fiber sheet molding compound (SMC-R) and continuous/random fiber sheet molding compound (SMC-CR). The fatigue data, reported in details in References 1 and 2, were obtained in load-controlled cyclic tests of single lap joints between one of these composites and steel (<span class="xref">Fig. 1</span>). SAE fasteners were used to join composite specimens at both ends to 12 mm thick steel plates. The important joint parameters are the edge distance (e), specimen width (w), bolt tightening torque (T) and washer size. The influence of these parameters on fatigue life and failure modes at the bolted joints are summarized.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <figure id="F1" class="figure"> <div class="graphic-wrapper"><img class="article-figure figure" src="940623_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/></div> </figure> </div>
Aureomycin in the Treatment of Pneumonia in Infants and Children (1949)

AUREOMYCIN is an antibiotic derived from a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens. The drug has been found to have a wide antibacterial spectrum against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. In addition, it has been found to be effective against rickettsia as well as certain viruses, chiefly of the lymphogranuloma-venereum-psittacosis group.1 In man, therapeutic doses up to 60 mg. per kilogram of body weight per day given orally have not been associated with toxic manifestations except for occasional nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms have been transient and do not contraindicate or prevent continuation of therapy.Aureomycin is absorbed readily after oral . . .
Blood Blister-Like Aneurysms of the Intracranial Arteries (2014)

Ckla, Ulaş MD; Baggott, Christopher MD; Ahmed, Azam MD; Niemann, David B. MD; Başkaya, Mustafa K. MD Author Information
Genetic Determinants of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Is Age of Onset Genetically Determined? (2009)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is thought to develop as a result of dysregulation of the immune response to normal gut flora in a genetically susceptible host. Approximately 25% of incident cases of IBD occur during childhood and the rest occur throughout adulthood, peaking in the second and third decades of life. What determines the age of onset remains unexplained currently. Studying early-onset presentation of complex diseases such as IBD is appealing to geneticists and scientists alike because of the expectation that these efforts will increase the probability of finding novel risk variants. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have yielded more susceptible loci in IBD than in any other complex common disease studied. Using 35 confirmed Crohn's disease risk alleles from adult studies, a recent pediatric replication study detected no significant association between risk score and age of onset through age 30, indicating age of onset does not have any impact on increased disease development in IBD. The first GWAS study using an exclusively pediatric IBD cohort found 2 novel risk variants that were not previously reported in predominately adult GWAS studies. However, during the data-mining of adult GWAS, these 2 novel loci (TNFRSF6 and PSMG1) were found with nominal significance suggesting that these risk loci are not restricted to early-onset CD cases. These analyses illustrate that the genetic effects of established CD risk variants is similar in early- and late-onset CD. However, the quest to find early-onset IBD risk variants is continuing. As such, GWAS studies involving large pediatric-onset CD cohorts and early-onset ulcerative colitis presentations are presently underway. A future joint analysis of genome-wide association data of early- and late-onset cohorts will likely reveal more IBD risk variants since the power to detect small effects of genes increases.
Total body irradiation causes profound changes in endothelial traffic molecules for hematopoietic progenitor cell recruitment to bone marrow (2002)

Nonirradiated bone marrow (BM) venules and sinusoids in murine skull support hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) rolling through constitutively expressed endothelial (P- and E-) selectins and VCAM-1. Using intravital microscopy, we tested whether host conditioning with total body irradiation (TBI) changes the molecular mechanisms by which murine HPCs from fetal livers (FL) interact with BM endothelial cells. Although a high dose of TBI did not affect the overall frequency of HPC rolling in BM microvessels, the underlying molecular mechanisms differed from those in nonirradiated BM. TBI induced VCAM-1 up-regulation in BM microvessels, whereas P-selectin expression was reduced and the low baseline level of E-selectin remained unchanged. Only the administration of anti-VCAM-1, but not anti-P- or -E-selectin monoclonal antibodies, decreased FL HPC rolling. Rolling was frequently followed by firm arrest (sticking), even in nonirradiated BM microvessels in which sticking was entirely pertussis toxin-insensitive-that is, Galpha(i)-coupled signaling events (eg, through chemokines) were apparently not required. TBI increased the frequency of sticking FL HPC. This irradiation-induced additional sticking was reversed when FL HPCs were pretreated with pertussis toxin, suggesting that TBI induced elevated expression of a Galpha(i)-protein-coupled chemotactic signal in the BM. This chemoattractant was probably distinct from SDF-1alpha because, unlike adult HPCs, FL HPCs (day 11 of gestation) responded poorly to SDF-1alpha in vitro. These results demonstrate that TBI induces profound changes in the expression of endothelial traffic molecules in the BM, and they indicate that FL HPCs can home to the BM in the absence of SDF-1alpha and other Galpha(i)-protein-coupled signals.
Call for Papers: ‘<i>Design Paradigms for Modern Dynamical Networks</i>’ (2009)

New decentralized controller design tools are critically needed for shaping the dynamics of modern infrastructure networks (such as air traffic networks, electric power systems, and population networks subject to virus spread) as well as communicating-agent networks (such as sensor networks and vehicle teams). To meet this need, we are organizing a special issue in the International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control on ‘Design Paradigms for Modern Dynamical Networks’. Modeling efforts by a wide array of researchers have brought to the forefront the need for design and control tools for networks. The commonalities in the design problems from various application areas make clear that high-performance decentralized controllers must have several capabilities, namely (1) to exploit the network's (sensing, communication, interaction) topology in a fully distributed way; (2) to overcome severe nonlinear constraints (e.g. actuator and sensor saturation), variations in topology, delays, and noise; and (3) to permit completion of a family of algorithmic or control tasks (e.g. tracking, agreement, self-partitioning). The existing decentralized control techniques largely do not have these capabilities. We invite submissions of research articles that present new research that advances the state-of-the-art on dynamical network control. In particular, we welcome articles in two cross-coupled directions: (1) efforts in abstracting core network control and design problems from novel infrastructure-network and autonomous-agent network applications and (2) works that develop network control and design tools that are applicable to modern dynamical networks. Through this special issue, we aim to bring forth a new focus in dynamical network control, which advances research in this field far beyond both the historical decentralized controls research and the recent graph–theoretic studies of communicating-agent networks. Articles should be submitted online via the journal's homepage http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/5510/home under ‘Online Submission’. Authors are requested to submit their articles by 28th February 2010. Authors must select Sandip Roy, Ali Saberi, or Anton A. Stoorvogel as the Submitting Editor. Each submission must be clearly identified as a submission for this special issue by entering ‘Design paradigms’ in the Special Issue Title Field. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with the publication format described in ‘For Authors’ on the journal homepage.
In vivo measurements of bone lead-a comparison of two X-ray fluorescence techniques used at three different bone sites (1989)

In vivo bone lead measurements have been made on a group of about 120 people, most of whom were lead exposed workers. Two different x-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques were used to make measurements at three bone sites. Finger lead was measured using 57Co sources, and lead measurements were made in both tibia and calcaneus with a technique based on 109Cd sources. The results of the bone lead measurements correlated strongly with each other and with the index of cumulative exposure, thus confirming the value and reliability of these in vivo measurements as a tool in the study of chronic lead exposure. Measurement precision, +/- 1 standard deviation, was highest for tibia +/- 7.4 micrograms (g bone mineral)-1, +/- 16.6 micrograms (g bone mineral)-1 for the calcaneus and lowest for phalangeal lead +/- 25.0 micrograms (g bone mineral)-1. Maximum absorbed doses to the skin were comparable for all three measurements (1-3 mGy). The mean whole body dose equivalents were all low, but that for the finger measurement, 0.1 microSv, was significantly less than for the calcaneus and tibia measurements 3-5 microSv.
Strategies to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Care Hospitals (2008)

Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention efforts. Refer to the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Diseases Society of America “Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections” Executive Summary and Introduction and accompanying editorial for additional discussion. 1. Occurrence of VAP in acute care facilities. a. VAP is one of the most common infections acquired by adults and children in intensive care units (ICUs). i. In early studies, it was reported that 10%-20% of patients undergoing ventilation developed VAP. More-recent publications report rates of VAP that range from 1 to 4 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days, but rates may exceed 10 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days in some neonatal and surgical patient populations. The results of recent quality improvement initiatives, however, suggest that many cases of VAP might be prevented by careful attention to the process of care. 2. Outcomes associated with VAP a. VAP is a cause of significant patient morbidity and mortality, increased utilization of healthcare resources, and excess cost. i . The mortality attributable to VAP may exceed 10%. ii . Patients with VAP require prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation, extended hospitalizations, excess use of antimicrobial medications, and increased direct medical costs.
Temperature dependent photoluminescence of lateral polarity junctions of metal organic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN (2011)

We report on fundamental structural and optical properties of lateral polarity junctions in GaN. GaN with Ga- to N-polar junctions was grown on sapphire using an AlN buffer layer. Results from scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy measurements indicate a superior quality of the Ga-polar GaN. An extremely strong luminescence signal is observed at the inversion domain boundary (IDB). Temperature dependent micro photoluminescence measurements are used to reveal the recombination processes underlying this strong emission. At 5 K the emission mainly arises from a stripe along the inversion domain boundary with a thickness of 4-5 μm. An increase of the temperature initially leads to a narrowing to below 2 μm emission area width followed by a broadening at temperatures above 70 K. The relatively broad emission area at low temperatures is explained by a diagonal IDB. It is shown that all further changes in the emission area width are related to thermalization effects of carriers and defects attracted to the IDB. The results are successfully used to confirm a theoretical model for GaN based lateral polarity junctions. Due to the strong and pronounced emission of IDBs even at elevated temperatures, it is demonstrated that lateral polarity junctions exhibit a strong potential for future high efficiency devices.
Type IV Collagen Synthesis by Cultured Mouse Keratinocytes (Pam Cells) (1989)

The collagens synthesized by Pam cells were biochemically characterized. The collagen in the cell layers was identified as type IV collagen by immunoprecipitation with type IV collagen specific antibody. The apparent molecular weights were 180 Kd and 175 Kd, which converted to major (160 Kd) and several minor smaller fragments with pepsin treatment. The ratios of 3-hydroxyproline/4-hydroxyproline and 4-hydroxyproline/proline in the 160 Kd polypeptide were 0.11 and 1.18, respectively. The result shows that Pam cells are able to produce type IV collagen whose biochemical characteristics are similar to those from other epithelial cells. In the kinetic study, the synthesis of type IV collagen reached its maximum level rapidly on the 1st day after seeding, suggesting that type IV collagen may play a role in cell attachment and proliferation.
Approaches to the Sellar and Parasellar Region: A Retrospective Comparison of the Endonasal‐Transsphenoidal and Sublabial‐Transsphenoidal Approaches (2000)

Tumors of the hypophysis are often managed surgically by the neurosurgeon and the otolaryngologist. Three widely used anterior routes to the sella are the endonasal (transcolumellar) transsphenoidal, sublabial transsphenoidal, and transethmoidal approaches. We reviewed the charts of 60 patients who underwent surgery, 42 transcolumellar and 18 sublabial, for sellar and parasellar adenomas and compared the two transsphenoidal approaches. None of the patients in our study underwent the transethmoidal approach. Furthermore, 26 of the patients underwent an extensive interview to assess postoperative progress. Clinically, neither approach had any significant complications, and none of the patients in either group reported significant postoperative morbidity. On the basis of these results, we believe there is minimal difference in patient subjective reports and objective morbidity when comparing the sublabial and transcolumellar approaches.