gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of organolithium compounds with 1-substituted 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium perchlorates (1989)

The reaction of organolithium compounds with 1-substituted 2,4,6-triphenylpyridinium perchlorates Ia-Ic produces mixtures of 1,4-dihydropyridines IIa-IIe and 1,2-dihydropyridines IIIa-IIIe . Analogous reactions of phenylmagnesium bromide with compounds Ia-Ic proceed with very low conversions (less than 1%). Photochromism in visible range is observed only with the compounds II which have two aromatic substituents at 4-position, whereas compounds III and IId show no visible photochromism. The molecular spectra of the compounds newly prepared are discussed.
Increased DNA topoisomerase I activity in aging human cell chromatin (1984)

Chromatin-associated DNA topoisomerase I activity was measured in human diploid fibroblasts during in vitro aging. No difference was detected as a function of cell age in the nicking and the closing activities of the DNA-unwinding enzyme. The capacity of type-I topoisomerase to relax superhelical DNA molecules was, however, increased in aged cells. An age-related increase in nucleoprotein content was also observed.
Supervisory control of wastewater treatment plants by combining principal component analysis and fuzzy c-means clustering (2001)

In this paper a methodology for integrated multivariate monitoring and control of biological wastewater treatment plants during extreme events is presented. To monitor the process, on-line dynamic principal component analysis (PCA) is performed on the process data to extract the principal components that represent the underlying mechanisms of the process. Fuzzy o-means (FCM) clustering is used to classify the operational state. Performing clustering on scores from PCA solves computational problems as well as increases robustness due to noise attenuation. The class-membership information from FCM is used to derive adequate control set points for the local control loops. The methodology is illustrated by a simulation study of a biological wastewater treatment plant, on which disturbances of various types are imposed. The results show that the methodology can be used to determine and co-ordinate control actions in order to shift the control objective and improve the effluent quality.
Titanium and Niobium Imido Complexes Derived from Diamidoamine Ligands (2000)

New groups 4 and 5 imido complexes derived from the diamidoamine ligand Me3SiN(CH2CH2NSiMe3)2 (N2N) are described. Reactions of Li2[N2N] with [Ti(NR)Cl2(py)3] gave compound 1 in which the N2N ligand adopts a fac-coordination mode. With [Nb(NtBu)Cl3(py)2], two different Nb(V) products were formed.
Phonon Sidebands in GaP: Bi (1976)

The photoluminescence of GaP crystals doped with bismuth, the isoelectronic impurity, has been measured at temperatures between 2K and 77K. The spectra contain many sharp lines at lower temperatures. These lines arise from the donor-Bi pair recombinations and from the recombinations of excitons bound to Bi-traps. The local-mode phonon (26.0±0.4 meV) and the zone-center phonon (49±1 meV) associate with these transitions. The spectral shapes of two series of zone-center phonon sidebands, which dominate the whole spectra, have been analyzed by the configuration coordinate model. The phonon-coupling parameter S for the spectra due to Bi-traps is fairly large in comparison with that for the shallow donor-acceptor pair spectra. This corresponds to the fact that the impurity-lattice interaction is strong for the Bi-isoelectronic trap, since holes or excitons are tightly bound to this center by the short range potential.
Diversité des acteurs et des politiques de la petite enfance : vers une gouvernance partenariale et négociée ? Rapport final (2008)

Ces dernières décennies, la notion de gouvernance a fait son apparition dans de nombreux débats publics. Notion polysémique, la gouvernance est souvent utilisée pour désigner l’ensemble des interactions entre une diversité croissante d’acteurs publics et privés dans l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre des politiques publiques (Le Galès, 1995 ; Kooiman, 2003 ; Gaudin, 2004 ; Enjolras, 2005). Cette notion reflète ainsi un changement dans le mode de gestion de l’action collective et dans sa perception par les acteurs concernés, comme les usagers, les bénéficiaires ou les observateurs. Elle souligne non seulement la diversité des acteurs, la nature interactive des processus d’élaboration des politiques et les niveaux légitimes de l’action publique mais aussi l’ensemble des modalités institutionnelles dans lequel ces politiques s’inscrivent (Enjolras, 2005, p. 56). Elle permet de mieux appréhender la diversité et la complexité qui caractérisent aujourd’hui l’action publique (Kooiman, 2003). Ces évolutions se retrouvent dans différents champs de l’action publique, en particulier dans celui de la protection sociale et visent une meilleure allocation des ressources publiques dans un contexte général de maîtrise de l’évolution des dépenses sociales (Palier, 2002).L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier les régimes de gouvernance à l’œuvre dans le champ de la petite enfance, leur évolution et les enjeux collectifs qui en découlent, notamment en termes de cohérence par rapport aux finalités de l’accueil et d’équité dans l’accès aux services et ce, dans plusieurs départements. Par régime de gouvernance, nous entendons l’ensemble des modalités de coordination et d’interaction des acteurs qui visent la réalisation de l’intérêt général au niveau d’un secteur, ici la petite enfance, ou d’une collectivité (Enjolras, 2005). [...]
Optimizing a Proteomics Platform for Urine Biomarker Discovery (2010)

Biomarker discovery approaches in urine have been hindered by concerns for reproducibility and inadequate standardization of proteomics protocols. In this study, we describe an optimized quantitative proteomics strategy for urine biomarker discovery, which is applicable to fresh or long frozen samples. We used urine from healthy controls to standardize iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) for variation induced by protease inhibitors, starting protein and iTRAQ label quantities, protein extraction methods, and depletion of albumin and immunoglobulin G (IgG). We observed the following: (a) Absence of protease inhibitors did not affect the number or identity of the high confidence proteins. (b) Use of less than 20 μg of protein per sample led to a significant drop in the number of identified proteins. (c) Use of as little as a quarter unit of an iTRAQ label did not affect the number or identity of the identified proteins. (d) Protein extraction by methanol precipitation led to the highest protein yields and the most reproducible spectra. (e) Depletion of albumin and IgG did not increase the number of identified proteins or deepen the proteome coverage. Applying this optimized protocol to four pairs of long frozen urine samples from diabetic Pima Indians with or without nephropathy, we observed patterns suggesting segregation of cases and controls by iTRAQ spectra. We also identified several previously reported candidate biomarkers that showed trends toward differential expression, albeit not reaching statistical significance in this small sample set.
Dysfibrinogenemias: Probes for Establishing Relationships Between the Structure of Fibrinogen and Its Function in Blood Coagulation. (1981)

Inherited abnormal fibrinogens that exhibit altered behavior in one or more of the steps in the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin should be useful for determining structure-function relationships important in the final stages of blood coagulation. This thesis contains the functional characterization of three new fibrinogen variants and the structural characterization of one of these on a molecular level. The fibrinogen variant fibrinogen Ann Arbor was shown to exhibit altered end-to-end aggregation of fibrin monomers, as well as a more rapid rate of (gamma)-dimer formation. Fibrinogen Gr and Rapids was associated with hypofibrinogenemia and was shown to exhibit abnormal aggregation of fibrin monomers. Fibrinogen Petoskey exhibited a decreased initial rate of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and fibrinopeptide B (FPB) release. Using a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the separation of human fibrinopeptides, an abnormal FPA (FPA Petoskey) along with normal FPA and FPB was shown to be released upon incubation of fibrinogen Petoskey with thrombin. The molar ratios of released fibrinopeptides were one FPA Petoskey, one normal FPA, and two FPB. Amino acid analyses and carboxypeptidase Y digestion of purified FPA Petoskey indicated that it was identical to normal FPA, except that Arg-16 in normal FPA was replaced by a histidyl residue in FPA Petoskey. The thrombin-catalyzed cleavage of fibrinogen Petoskey reported here is the first demonstration of thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis at a peptide bond other than at an arginyl or lysyl residue. Batroxobin, unlike thrombin, was incapable of cleaving the unusual His-A(alpha)16-Gly-A(alpha)17 bond in fibrinogen Petoskey. Less than one-quarter of the fibrinogen from an affected individual aggregated following incubation with batroxobin, suggesting the presence of heterodimers containing one normal and one abnormal chain. The removal of both FPA molecules from a fibrinogen molecule appears necessary for the molecule to aggregate properly. The HPLC separation of human fibrinopeptides developed in this work allows a simple and direct measurement of the action of thrombin on fibrinogen. The application of this method for characterizing the thrombin mediated release of fibrinopeptides from normal fibrinogen and fibrinogen Petoskey and its usefulness for determining the mechanism of thrombin-fibrinogen interaction is discussed.
Expression of Lubricin mRNA and protein in human ocular surface tissues (2012)

Abstract Purpose Friction is an inherent potential source of wounding for ocular surface tissues during the blink and bulbus movements and is identified as a major contributor to ocular surface disease of the dry eye type. The expression of lubricin, a boundary lubricant in articulating joints that protects against frictional forces, cell adhesion and protein deposition, was investigated at the ocular surface. Methods Human corneal, conjunctival and control cartilage tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, embedded in paraffin, sectioned serially, exposed to antigen retrieval buffers, and stained for lubricin by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with a rabbit polyclonal anti‐human lubricin antibody. Several negative and positive controls were performed. Respective fresh tissues were analysed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in order to verify the presence of the mRNA. Results The mRNA for lubricin was found in human corneal and conjunctival cell lines and in complete ocular surface tissues similar to cartilage. The mRNA is translated and expressed into lubricin protein and protein staining was observed along the complete corneal and conjunctival epithelial surface, most strongly expressed in the corneal epithelium . The specificity of staining was verified in several positive and negative controls including use of irrelevant antibodies and preincubation of the anti‐lubricin antibody with a pure peptide, which had served to generate the antibody. Conclusion These findings verify that lubricin is synthesized and expressed by epithelial cells of the human cornea and conjunctiva and conceivably serves protective functions against frictional forces at the human ocular surface similar to the joint.
Igneous and Aqueous Processes on Mars: Evidence from Measurements of K and Th by the Mars Odyssey Gamma Ray Spectrometer (2003)

We report preliminary measurements of the concentrations of K and Th on Mars. Concentrations of K and Th and the K/Th ratio vary across the surface. Concentrations are higher than in Martian meteorites, suggesting that most of the crust formed by partial melting of enriched mantle. The average Th concentration (1.1 ppm), if applicable to the entire crust, implies a maximum thickness of about 65 km. The variation in the K/Th ratio suggests that aqueous processes have affected the chemistry of the surface.
LIM Modeling of Chemical Reactions in Spatially and Temporally Developing Shear Flows (2016)

A local integral moment (LIM) model is described for numerical calculations of flow structure, molecular mixing, and chemical reactions in complex flows. This physically-based formulation is based on the experimental, numerical, and theoretical observation that gradients of advected and diffused quantities concentrate into universal, self-similar, small-scale structures for large Peclet numbers ReSc. The model incorporates this self-similar structure at the diffusive scales directly through a local parabolization of the governing transport equations on a time-evolving material surface on which the gradients in the velocity and scalar fields are originally centered. These lead to equations governing local integral moments computed along the layer-normal direction at each point on the surface. This procedure effectively transforms the original set of partial differential equations that must be solved throughout a three-dimensional volume to a set of ordinary differential equations that can be solved on a two-dimensional surface. No closure approximations are required. The scalar and scalar dissipation fields are subsequently constructed from the integral moments on this surface, giving the local chemical species concentration fields via a strained diffusion and reaction layer formulation. The model is applied to three different test cases: molecular mixing in a laminar vortex pair, a one-step chemical reaction in a temporally developing shear layer, and
SRP-DM scheduling of component-based embedded real-time software (2011)

Model and component based design is an established means for the development of large software systems, and is starting to get momentum in the realm of embedded software development. In case of safety critical (dependable systems) it is crucial that the underlying model and its realization captures the requirements on the timely behavior of the system, and that these requirements can be preserved and validated throughout the design process (from specification to actual code execution). To this end, we base the presented work on the notion of Concurrent Reactive Objects (CRO) and their abstraction into Reactive Components.In many cases, the execution platform puts firm resource limitations on available memory and speed of computations that must be taken into consideration for the validation of the system.In this paper, we focus on code synthesis from the model, and we show how specified timing requirements are preserved and translated into scheduling information. In particular, we present how ceiling levels for Stack Resources Policy (SRP) scheduling and analysis can be extracted from the model. Additionally, to support schedulability analysis, we detail algorithms that for a CRO model derives periods (minimum inter-arrival times) and offsets of tasks/jobs. Moreover, the design of a micro-kernel supporting cooperative hardware- and software-scheduling of CRO based systems under Deadline Monotonic SRP is presented.
Langmuir-Blodgett Film Formation and Spectroscopic Characterization of Sulphonated Derivatives of Zinc Phthalocyanine (1996)

Langmuir film formation characteristics of two sulphonated derivatives of zinc phthalocyanine, zinc 11,18,25-tri(tert-butyl)-4-sulphophthalocyanine (Na[ZnPctSO3]) and zinc dodecafluoro-4-sulphophthalocyanine (Na[ZnPcF12SO3]), were studied. The surface pressure–area isotherm of Na[ZnPctSO3] showed distinct gaseous, liquid and solid phases, whereas that corresponding to Na[ZnPcF12SO3] followed the trend of other phthalocyanine derivatives that lack amphiphilic character. The floating films were transferred to several substrates. The starting materials and the Langmuir–Blodgett films were characterized using ultraviolet–visible, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, resonant Raman and surface-enhanced resonant Raman spectroscopy. A relationship between the molecular organization in the films and the nature of the substituents is inferred from the spectroscopic data.
A high transmittance optical recording material with long-term reliability for super-multilayer discs (2015)

As a means of increasing data capacity, the multilayer optical disc is a promising approach. Because the recording layers in multilayer optical discs must have a high transmittance, they are commonly made of transparent oxide films. Moreover, the recording layer must have sufficient long-term reliability for data archival. In this work, a recording material with high transmittance and long-term reliability for use in super-multilayer discs was investigated. This paper clarifies the recording mechanism of GeBi oxide material and proposes a suitable material design that satisfies the abovementioned characteristics. Furthermore, experimental results of recording on super-multilayer discs based on GeBi oxide recording material are presented.
Modeling and control of the monopedal robot Thumper (2009)

A hybrid controller that induces stable running gaits on a monopedal robot is developed. The robot features a rigid leg with a revolute knee and a heavy torso with center of mass located far from the hip. The torso houses a novel powertrain that provides series compliance in the compression direction of the leg. The proposed control law is developed within the hybrid zero dynamics framework and it acts on two levels. On the first level, continuous within-stride control asymptotically imposes (virtual) holonomic constraints reducing the dynamics of the robot to a lower-dimensional hybrid subsystem. On the second level, event-based control stabilizes the resulting hybrid subsystem. The controller achieves the dual objectives of working harmoniously with the system's natural dynamics and inducing provably exponentially stable running motions, while all relevant physical constraints are respected.
Radiologic imaging of over-the-scope-clips can be misunderstood: the “pooling sign” (2013)

The conventional treatment of gastrointestinal defects, including perforations, fistulas, and anastomotic leaks, is surgery, which is associated with significant morbidity and mortality [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]. The over-the-scope clip (OTSC) (Ovesco Endoscopy AG, Tübingen, Germany) conforms to the shape of a cup after deployment ([Fig. 1] and [Fig. 2]) and provides more durable closure than standard clips because of its wider mouth and its ability to grasp larger amounts of tissue. Due to limited worldwide experience, radiologists may not be aware of its size and shape. We describe four cases in which the contrast pooling within the "cup" was misinterpreted as contained perforation.
Prospective Pilot Evaluation of Radiologists and Computer-aided Pulmonary Nodule Detection on Ultra–low-Dose CT With Tin Filtration (2018)

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of computer-aided detection (CAD) and human readers to detect pulmonary nodules ≥5 mm using 100 kV ultra–low-dose computed tomography (ULDCT) utilizing a tin filter. Materials and Methods: After informed consent, 55 patients prospectively underwent standard-dose chest CT (SDCT) using 120 kV followed by ULDCT using 100 kV/tin. Reference nodules ≥5 mm were identified by a thoracic radiologist using SDCT. Four thoracic radiologists marked detected nodules on SDCT and ULDCT examinations using a dedicated computer workstation. After a 6-month memory extinction, readers were shown the same ULDCT cases with all CAD markings as well as their original detections, and characterized CAD detections as true positive or false positive. Results: Volume CT Dose index (CTDI vol ) for SDCT and ULDCT were 5.3±2 and 0.4±0.2 mGy ( P <0.0001), respectively. Forty-five reference nodules were detected in 30 patients. Reader sensitivity varied widely but similarly for SDCT (ranging from 45% to 87%) and ULDCT (45% to 83%). CAD sensitivity was 76% (34/45) for SDCT and 71% (32/45) for ULDCT. After CAD, reader sensitivity substantially improved by 19% and 18% for 2 readers, and remained nearly unchanged for the other 2 readers (0% and 2%), despite reader perception that many more nodules were identified with CAD. There was a mean of 2 false-positive CAD detections/case. Conclusions: ULDCT with 100 kV/tin reduced patient dose by over 90% without compromising pulmonary nodule detection sensitivity. CAD can substantially improve nodule detection sensitivity at ULDCT for some readers, maintaining interobserver performance.
Chronic, Recurrent Small-Vessel Cutaneous Vasculitis (1982)

The clinical experience in 13 patients with small-vessel cutaneous vasculitis limited to the skin is presented. Within the spectrum of what is referred to as "hypersensitivity vasculitis," this group of patients represents a distinctive clinical entity characterized by (1) clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic features of the hypersensitivity vasculitis group; (2) chronic and recurrent isolated cutaneous vasculitis eruptions; (3) absence of disease progression to systemic involvement during long-term follow-up; and (4) relative unresponsiveness to immunosuppressive therapy, including treatment with corticosteroids (prednisone) and cyclophosphamide. Because this disease remains limited to the skin, potentially toxic immunosuppressive regimens with prolonged daily corticosteroids or cytotoxic agents should be avoided. Treatment of local symptoms, particularly lower extremity pain, remains a difficult treatment problem in some patients.
IN VITRO REPROGRAMMING OF MURINE GALL BLADDER CELLS TOWARDS THE BETA CELL FATE (2011)

Diabetes mellitus type I is characterized by the loss of insulin-secreting β-cells in pancreatic islets. One suitable cell therapy approach would involve an autologous source of cells that could be expanded and reprogrammed in vitro to β-cells, which could then be transplanted back to the patient without the need of long-term immune suppression. We hypothesized that gall bladder cells (GBCs) could fulfill these requirements, as removal of the human gall bladder is a minimally invasive surgery. Additionally, the extrahepatobiliary system and ventral pancreas share a common development origin, and therefore we reasoned that these cells would be more readily reprogrammable to β-cells. To attempt to reprogram GBCs to a β-cell fate, we used the transcription factors Neurog3, Pdx1 and MafA. Reprogramming to the pancreatic fate was dependant on expression of Neurog3 as the combination of Pdx1 and MafA was insufficient to induce significant expression of β-cell-specific genes. In both primary and passaged cultures, robust expression of pancreatic endocrine genes was detected in reprogrammed GBCs compared to controls. Importantly, the passaged GBCs expressed similar mRNA levels of pancreatic-specific genes as the primary cultures, indicating these cells can first be expanded to large numbers prior to the reprogramming steps in order to generate a large number of β-like cells for transplantation.
CO<sub>2</sub> sorption in uniaxially drawn atactic polystyrene (1986)

Abstract The CO 2 solubility in oriented and unoriented atactic polystyrene films has been investigated. Orientation does not change the nature of the sorption process; however, it decreases the level of solubility. Both the Langumir sorption term and the Henry's‐law contribution are affected by orientation. The decrease of solubility is correlated with an increase of density due to orientation. A simple experiment has been described to evaluate the depression of the glass transition temperature of polystyrene containing dissolved carbon dioxide.