gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local x‐ray tomography for <i>in vivo</i> bone structure examinations (1999)

Precise information about the microarchitecture of cancellous bone would be helpful to further fracture risk prediction in individual patients. Recently 3D‐QCT of the distal radius has been introduced to this end. The validity of this new procedure is limited by the spatial resolution of the CT images, which in turn is limited by the x‐ray dose. Local tomography, where only the region of interest has to be scanned with x rays, might provide a way out of this dilemma. In this work the feasibility of local tomography for in vivo trabecular bone structure assessment is studied. In a first part the accuracy of structural indices obtainable with local tomography is compared with the accuracy of results from global (traditional) tomographic measurements. The results show that local tomography generates no substantial degradation in the structural indices. In a second part, the reduction in the radiation dose of local tomography is quantified with Monte Carlo simulations of the x‐ray scanning procedure. The results show that skin dose at the lower forearm can be reduced by a factor of 4–6, if the CT measurements are restricted to the distal radius. We conclude that with the help of local tomography in vivo 3D‐QCT examinations of the trabecular bone microarchitecture are feasible with a skin dose of 0.1 mGy at resolution, or with a skin dose of 1 mGy at a resolution of The increased resolution is expected to further improve the accuracy and precision of current in vivo bone structure examinations, allowing a detailed analysis of the processes of bone changes due to aging, disease, and treatment.
Use of conductance methods to predict bacterial counts in fish (1986)

Conductance methods to measure bacterial growth are more rapid than conventional methods for assessing the load of spoilage bacteria in fish. With the correct choice of medium, an estimate of the count can be obtained within 24 h which shows a very good correlation with the conventional methods. Moreover, the conductance changes correlate better with counts of those organisms thought to be responsible for spoilage. The Malthus conductance instrument provides an automated system capable of the simultaneous monitoring of 128 different samples, resulting in considerable savings of time and effort over traditional plate counting techniques.
Impact of Creative Drama Method on Students’ Speaking Skills (2021)

Aim of the research was to investigate the impact of creative method on improving students’ speaking skills in primary school 3rd grade Turkish language course. The study was carried out with primary school 3rd graders studying at a private primary school in Çaycuma, Zonguldak. The research was carried out on forty-six 3rd grade students. Quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group was used in the study. Speaking education was given using creative drama method in the experimental group and using current instructional program (traditional teaching method) in the control group. In the study, “Speaking Skill Assessment Rubric” developed by the researcher was employed as data collection instrument. Intervention lasted for six weeks. Shapiro-Wilk normality test was employed to determine whether the data showed normal distribution or not. The data were analyzed via SPSS package program version 20.0. Arithmetic mean, standard deviation and t test was calculated in data analysis. As a result of the study, a significant difference was observed between speaking skills of the students in the experimental group and the ones in the control group; the difference was in favor of the experimental group.
A genetic analysis of Xis and FIS interactions with their binding sites in bacteriophage lambda (1991)

The bacteriophage P22-based challenge-phage system was used to study the binding of Xis and FIS to their sites in attP of bacteriophage lambda. Challenge phages were constructed that contained the X1, X2, and F sites within the P22 Pant promoter, which is required for expression of antirepressor. If Xis and FIS bind to these sites in vivo, they repress transcription from Pant, allowing lysogenization to occur. Challenge phages carrying the XIX2F region in either orientation exhibited lysogenization dependent on both Xis and FIS. Neither Xis nor FIS was capable of functioning by itself as an efficient repressor in this system. This was the first time challenge phages have been constructed that require two different proteins bound simultaneously to act as a repressor. Mutations in the X1, X2, and F sites that inhibit Xis and FIS from binding were isolated by selecting mutant phages that still expressed antirepressor synthesis in the presence of Xis and FIS. DNA sequence analysis of the mutants revealed 38 unique mutations, including single-base-pair substitutions, multiple-base-pair changes, deletions, and insertions throughout the entire X1, X2, and F regions. Some of the mutations verified the importance of certain bases within the proposed consensus sequences for Xis and FIS, while others provided evidence that the DNA sequence outside of the proposed binding sites may affect the binding of the individual proteins or the cooperativity between them.
STATCOM: a new era of reactive compensation (2002)

The unbundling of the generation and transmission functions in England and Wales into separate shareholder-owned companies has inevitably resulted in far less predictability in terms of generator siting and closure. National Grid, as the sole transmission company in England and Wales, is required to plan and respond quickly to changing system patterns to maintain both security and power quality standards. This has been achieved by an extensive programme of investment in reactive compensation. To supplement the existing fixed static VAr compensators installed in the last 10-15 years, National Grid has, to date, installed a further 12 relocatable SVCs at sites in England and Wales as part of a planned programme of work to meet these changing system needs.
The effect of xylene as aromatic solvent to aminoglycolysis of post consumer PET bottles (2013)

This study deals with the use of ethylene glycol and diethylamine for the aminoglycolytic degradation of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Our aim is to investigate how the product composition changes according to depolymerization conditions and to obtain oligomer mixtures having different properties. For this purpose, simultaneous aminolysis–glycolysis reactions of postconsumer soft‐drink PET bottles were carried out in a high pressure reactor with or without xylene. As a result, the oligomer mixtures having carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amine end groups were obtained at the end of the aminoglycolysis of PET. All products were characterized by acid value, hydroxyl value, and amine value determinations as well as by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Differential Scanning Calorimeter. Use of xylene has provided initially easily mixable low viscosity dispersions and depolymerization reactions proceeded more easily. It also provided water soluble and lower molecular weight oligomers with deep depolymerization of PET in the presence of xylene. In case of using xylene, glycolysis reaction was dominant reaction rather than aminolysis and hydrolysis. Functional oligomer mixtures obtained from degradation of waste PET can be used for synthesis of coating materials, such as water reducible alkyd resins and epoxy resins. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:2429–2438, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
A calcineurin homologous protein inhibits GTPase-stimulated Na-H exchange. (1996)

Activation of the ubiquitously expressed Na-H exchanger, NHE1, results in an increased efflux of intracellular H+. The increase in intracellular pH associated with this H+ efflux may contribute to regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic transformation. Although NHE1 activity is stimulated by growth factors and hormones acting through multiple GTPase-mediated pathways, little is known about how the exchanger is directly regulated. Using expression library screening, we identified a novel protein that specifically binds to NHE1 at a site that is critical for growth factor stimulation of exchange activity. This protein is homologous to calcineurin B and calmodulin and is designated CHP for calcineurin B homologous protein. Like NHE1, CHP is widely expressed in human tissues. Transient overexpression of CHP inhibits serum- and GTP-ase-stimulated NHE1 activity. CHP is a phosphoprotein and expression of constitutively activated GTPases decreases CHP phosphorylation. The phosphorylation state of CHP may therefore be an important signal controlling mitogenic regulation of NHE1.
An in-silico method for prediction of polyadenylation signals in human sequences. (2003)

This paper presents a machine learning method to predict polyadenylation signals (PASes) in human DNA and mRNA sequences by analysing features around them. This method consists of three sequential steps of feature manipulation: generation, selection and integration of features. In the first step, new features are generated using k-gram nucleotide acid or amino acid patterns. In the second step, a number of important features are selected by an entropy-based algorithm. In the third step, support vector machines are employed to recognize true PASes from a large number of candidates. Our study shows that true PASes in DNA and mRNA sequences can be characterized by different features, and also shows that both upstream and downstream sequence elements are important for recognizing PASes from DNA sequences. We tested our method on several public data sets as well as our own extracted data sets. In most cases, we achieved better validation results than those reported previously on the same data sets. The important motifs observed are highly consistent with those reported in literature.
Wireless PCs: Personal Communications Services (1996)

Introduction to wireless communications paging cellular mobile satellite services PCS overview Ocs market focus GSM based PCS CDMA based PCS alternative PCS technology regulatory environment competitive environment PCS economics case study for BTA market future for wireless telecommunications.
Modelling and optimal design of a multilayer active magnetic refrigeration system. (2009)

Astronautics has developed a new computational method for solving the equations that govern the temperature profile in an active magnetic regenerator (AMR) with a layered bed. The method is extremely fast and can be used to perform large-scale parametric studies of AMR performance. The method can also be combined with numerical optimization software to perform automated, constrained optimal design of a magnetic refrigeration system. The optimization process is discussed and an optimized design for a multilayer bed is presented. The superior performance of a multilayer bed, composed of first-order magnetocaloric materials with narrow transition regions, over a single-layer bed is demonstrated. The impact of a variety of system imperfections (such as random property variation, flow imbalance, and dead volume) on the performance of the optimized design is investigated.
Initiatives on Mercury (1999)

Summary Mercury has been known to be a trace contaminant in natural gas and condensate produced from Unocal Thailand's operations in the Gulf of Thailand since 1985. It has been detected in well streams, produced formation water, and also in solid waste. Mercury is recovered from process vessels, wellhead chokes, piping, and storage tanks. Almost all of the mercury found in natural gas and produced formation water is in elemental form, but in condensate, mercury is mostly in the colloidal form. Unocal Thailand has taken various proactive steps to minimize and limit both people's exposure to mercury and any impact on the environment, in full compliance with applicable laws and regulations. An example of environmentally sound treatment to dispose of mercury- contaminated solid waste is the deep-well injection technique. Another successful in-house developed technology, currently applied to the treatment of discharge water containing trace mercury, is a system using both gravitational separation and chemical flocculation techniques.
Three‐Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Dense Pneumatic Conveying of Pulverized Coal in a Vertical Pipe at High Pressure (2008)

Abstract A two‐fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow was used to study three‐dimensional steady state flow behavior of dense phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal in a vertical pipe, where the average solid concentration ranges from 11 % to 30 %, and the transport pressure ranges from 2.6 Mpa to 3.3 Mpa. Since the solid concentration is rather high, a k–ϵ–k p –ϵ p model which considers the turbulence interaction between the gas and particle phase, was incorporated into the two‐fluid model. The simulation results including profiles of gas and particle phase axial velocity, profiles of solid concentration, profiles of the turbulence intensity of the particle phase, as well as the value of the pressure gradient were reported. Then, the influences of solid concentration and transport pressure on the flow behaviors were discussed. The experiment was also carried out to validate the accuracy of the simulation results which showed that the predictions of pressure gradient were in good agreement with the experimental data. Simulation results indicate that the location of maximal solid concentration deviates from the pipe center and the deviation becomes more obvious with the solid concentration increasing, which is analogous to the phenomenon in the liquid/solid flow. Besides, pressure gradient declines as the transport pressure decreases, which is validated by experiment described in the paper. Moreover, the analysis indicates that it is necessary to consider the turbulence of particles for the simulation of dense phase pneumatic conveying at high pressure.
Serum Free Light Chain Ratio (FLCR) at Diagnosis Constitute a Powerful Prognostic Factor of Survival in Multiple Myeloma (MM). (2006)

Abstract MM is characterized by the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) in the serum, produced by neoplastic plasma cells infiltrating the bone marrow (BM). Small amounts of free light chains (FLC) are secreted in normal individuals. In case of monoclonality, the FLC ratio increased. The detection and quantification of serum FLCs and of their ratio, was recently introduced as a useful method for the diagnosis and monitoring of light chain MM, amyloidosis, non-secretory MM and MGUS. However, the possible role of FLCR as a prognostic variable has not been investigated yet. We therefore studied the relationship of baseline serum FLCR with disease characteristics and prognosis in MM patients. Eighty-six MM patients (55 kappa-, 31 lambda- ), 16 individuals with MGUS (8 kappa-, 8 lambda-) and 29 healthy individuals (HI) were studied. Serum free light chain levels were measured in frozen sera drawn at diagnosis, before treatment, using a latex-enhanced immunoassay (The Binding Site, Birmingham, UK) on a Behring BN II nephelometric analyzer. Then, the FLCR was calculated, accordingly as kappa/lambda or lambda/kappa, depending on the monoclonal light chain type of the patient. Forty-nine percent of MM patients were males and 65% were ≥ 65 years old. The Ig type was IgG in 61%, IgA in 22%, BJ in 16% and IgD in 1%. Thirty-five percent of patients were in stage I, 31% in stage II and 34% in stage III according to Durie and Salmon while 36% were in stage 1, 22% in stage 2 and 42% in stage 3 of the ISS staging system. Twenty-five percent of patients had Hb < 10g/dL, 13% creatinin ≥2 mg/dl, 10% elevated LDH, 19% serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL, 45% CRP ≥4 mg/L, 41% beta-2-microglobulin ≥5.5 mg/L, 17% presented spontaneous bone fractures and 41% had ≥50% plasma cell BM infiltration. The median serum FLCR at diagnosis was 3.68 in the 55 kappa-MM patients, 38.49 in the 31 lambda-MM patients, 1.24 in kappa-MGUS, 2.14 in lambda-MGUS and 0.43 in HI (κ/λ). Differences between MM and HI and MM and MGUS were significant (p < 0.001). Baseline serum FLCR correlated with creatinin (p=0.03), LDH (p=0.003), the percentage of BM infiltration (p=0.001), the presence of spontaneous fractures (p=0.002) and Durie and Salmon staging (p=0.003). In patients with BJ MM, FLCR was higher then in the ones with other Ig types (p=0.001). Serum FLCR did not correlate with age, gender, hemoglobin, CRP, serum albumin, beta-2-microglobulin, paraprotein level nor with the ISS staging. With a median follow-up of 27.2 months (3.2–89.8), MM patients with serum FLCR < median, had a 3- and 5- year survival of 92±6 and 79±10 respectively, while the corresponding 3- and 5-year survival of patients with FLCR ≥ median were 67±8 and 32±13 (p=0.001). In multivariate analysis, serum FLCR above the median provided prognostic information independent of the value of ISS. In conclusion, baseline serum FLCR appears to be a powerful prognostic factor of survival in MM.
Induction of Interleukin-1-Beta Release from Human Monocytes by Cotton Bract Tannin (1990)

The human T lymphocyte proliferative response to cotton bract tannin was shown to be dependent upon the presence of monocytes. Since monocytes support the T cell mitogenic response by interleukin-1 (IL-1) production, it was anticipated that tannin has IL-1-inducing ability. To examine this possibility, human monocytes were cultured alone or with peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and stimulated with tannin. Control cultures included unstimulated cells, and cells challenged with other IL-1 inducers: concanavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli or Enterobacter agglomerans. IL-1 beta was measured in culture supernatants 24 h after initiation of the culture by the use of an ELISA or an RIA. The results showed that tannin stimulated monocytes to secrete IL-1 beta in a manner similar to Con A, i.e. substantially more cytokine was measured in the supernatants of monocyte-T-lymphocyte co-cultures than in the cultures of monocyte alone. Endotoxin from E. coli was less effective than the endotoxin from E. agglomerans in IL-1 induction. Contaminating endotoxin present in the tannin preparation accounted for the majority of IL-1 beta released from monocytes alone stimulated with tannin, but only 20% of the IL-1 beta released from tannin-stimulated monocyte-T-lymphocyte co-cultures. These results show that tannin itself has IL-1-inducing ability. The dose-response studies show that the extent of IL-1 beta release is dependent on tannin dose and that increased levels of monocyte-produced IL-1 beta precede the increase in T lymphocyte proliferation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Current trends and emerging future of indocyanine green usage in surgery and oncology (2011)

Ever since Kitai first performed fluorescent navigation of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) using indocyanine green (ICG) dye with a charge-couple device and light emitting diodes, the intraoperative use of near infrared fluorescence has served a critical role in increasing our understanding in various fields of surgical oncology. Here the authors review the emerging role of the ICG fluorophore in the development of our comprehension of the lymphatic system and its use in SLN mapping and biopsy in various cancers. In addition, they introduce the novel role of ICG-guided video angiography as a new intraoperative method of assessing microvascular circulation. The authors attempt to discuss the promising potential in addition to assessing several challenges and limitations in the context of specific surgical procedures and ICG as a whole. PubMed and Medline literature databases were searched for ICG use in clinical surgical settings. Despite ICG's significant impact in various fields of surgical oncology, ICG is still in its nascent stages, and more in-depth studies need to be carried out to fully evaluate its potential and limitations.
Effect of dialysate fluids on phagocytosis and killing by normal neutrophils (1987)

Inadequate host defenses may partly explain the problem of recurrent peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. It has been suggested that these defenses may be adversely affected by the fluids used for dialysis, and so we examined the effects of unused, effluent, and infected peritoneal dialysis fluids on phagocytosis and killing by normal neutrophils. We used a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis as the test organism, as this organism is the most commonly cultured in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis; we also used a fungal species, Candida guilliermondii. There was no phagocytosis of either organism in unused dialysate because of lack of opsonins and low pH. Phagocytosis in effluent dialysate did not occur because of inadequate opsonin levels and was variable in infected effluents, depending on quantities of immunoglobulins present. Intracellular killing of both test organisms was normal in unused dialysate in the presence of 5% normal serum, but was reduced in effluent and infected dialysates because of factors inhibiting killing by neutrophils. These factors adversely affected the killing of S. epidermidis more than that of C. guilliermondii. These results may explain why peritonitis recurs, particularly peritonitis due to S. epidermidis, because organisms could be sequestered within the neutrophils and thus be protected from antibiotic action. Reinfection of the peritoneal cavity would then take place following neutrophil breakdown, causing a clinical relapse.
Fall During a Wheelchair Transfer (2001)

We report the case of a patient who had a transtibial amputation and whose wheelchair had been inadvertently fitted with a push-to-lock brake on one side and a pull-to-lock brake on the other. During a standing-pivot transfer from bed to wheelchair, during which the patient thought that she had applied both brakes, the wheelchair turned away from the patient toward the side of the unlocked brake and the patient fell to the floor. This case report has implications for wheelchair design, wheelchair system management, and for user training.
Ear Acupuncture in European Traditional Medicine (2007)

Auricular acupuncture is a diagnostic and treatment system based on normalizing the body's dysfunction through stimulation of definite points on the ear. Rudimentary forms of acupuncture which probably arose during the Stone Age have survived in many parts of the world right down to present day. It was used in the ancient Egypt, Rome, Greece and all the Mediterranean area. It is a microacupuncture technique similar to reflexology, and was first described in France in 1950 by Paul Nogier who is considered the Father of modern ear acupuncture. It was speculated that the technique works because groups of pluripotent cells contain information from the whole organism and create regional organization centers representing different parts of the body. Nevertheless stimulation of a reflex point in the ear seems relieve symptoms of distant pathologies. Modern research is confirming the efficacy of ear acupuncture for analgesia and anxiety related disease, while tobacco dependence and other substance abuse still need confirmation. Actually main methodological problems with auricular acupuncture are that exist too many maps with little agreement regarding point location in the ear, and that the correspondence or reflex systems does not correlated with modern knowledge of anatomy and physiology.