gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascaded multipole switches for single-mode and multimode optical fibres (1981)

Multistage moving-fibre array switches which use preferentially etched silicon chips for the precise alignment of the optical fibres have been developed. In particular, a 1×4 single mode, and a 1×8 multimode fibre switch are described, with which average insertion losses of 0.8 and 0.2 dB were achieved, respectively.
Sortilin Associates with Transforming Growth Factor-β Family Proteins to Enhance Lysosome-mediated Degradation (2011)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family proteins are synthesized as precursors that are cleaved to generate an active ligand. Previous studies suggest that TGF-β activity can be controlled by lysosomal degradation of both precursor proteins and ligands, but how these soluble proteins are trafficked to the lysosome is incompletely understood. The current studies show that sortilin selectively co-immunoprecipitates with the cleaved prodomain and/or precursor form of TGF-β family members. Furthermore, sortilin co-localizes with, and enhances accumulation of a nodal family member in the Golgi. Co-expression of sortilin with TGF-β family members leads to decreased accumulation of precursor proteins and cleavage products and this is attenuated by lysosomal, but not proteosomal inhibitors. In Xenopus embryos, overexpression of sortilin leads to a decrease in phospho-Smad2 levels and phenocopies loss of nodal signaling. Conversely, down-regulation of sortilin expression in HeLa cells leads to an up-regulation of endogenous bone morphogenic protein pathway activation, as indicated by an increase in phospho-Smad1/5/8 levels. Our results suggest that sortilin negatively regulates TGF-β signaling by diverting trafficking of precursor proteins to the lysosome during transit through the biosynthetic pathway.
The National Status of In-Service Professional Development Systems for Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education Practitioners (2009)

Early intervention and preschool special education coordinators in the 50 states and territories were interviewed about the current status of professional development in-service systems in their state. A definition consisting of 8 components of an in-service professional development system was used to analyze the state systems. Twenty Part C early intervention systems had professional development in-service training models that met the definition, and 23 preschool special education in-service systems met the definition. Results on selected findings are presented and discussed within the context of developing effective in-service professional development systems for the early intervention and preschool special education workforce.
DNA Vaccination of Pigs with Plasmids Expressing the Nucleoprotein of PRRS Virus (2003)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is an economically significant viral disease common in swine producing countries all over the world. The clinical parameters comprise late term abortions, stillborn, mummified and weak born piglets and interstitial pneumonia in neonatal and young pigs. In order to develop rational, efficient and safe ways to control the further spreading of the disease, the ability of the individual PRRS virus (PRRSV) proteins to induce protective immune responses must be elucidated. The aim of this project is to optimise DNA immunisation of pigs in order to use this vaccination technique to test the immunological abilities of the individual PRRSV proteins. For this the immunodominant nucleocapsid protein (N) from PRRSV has been used as model protein. We have compared two different DNA immunisation techniques (intradermal/intramuscular (ID/IM) injection and GeneGun immunisation), and tested the importance of the chosen administration route for GeneGun immunisation, comparing skin and mucosa as immunisation sites. The efficacy of three related plasmid vectors containing various amounts of immunostimulating CpG-sequences has also been investigated. Furthermore, the influence of the vaccinations on post challenge virus specific antibody titers has been followed. DNA immunisation with both techniques generated high N-specific antibody titers. However, the antibody response in the GeneGun immunised pigs arose earlier and resulted in higher titers than in the ID/IM immunised pigs. As administration route the tongue mucosa was observed to be of lower importance, while immunisation on the epidermis of the ear was very efficient. No significant difference in stimulation of the immune response was observed between the three vectors. Post PRRSV challenge control pigs showed a normal anti-viral antibody response, while the vaccinated pigs showed a more rapid anamnestic response with very high anti-viral antibody titers. We therefore conclude that the DNA immunisation technique has been well adapted for use in pigs and we now have a useful model to test the immunological abilities of the remaining PRRSV proteins.
An effective puncturing scheme for rate-compatible LDPC codes (2010)

We consider the problem of finding good puncturing patterns for rate-compatible LDPC codes over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. When studying the recovered process of punctured nodes, Ha et al maximized the number of lower Ä-SR nodes and obtained a so-called grouping and sorting puncturing scheme, where only single survived check node was guaranteed. In this paper, we investigate the effect of multiple survived check nodes and afford theoretical analysis to them. Based on the analysis, we propose an effective puncturing scheme called MSCN, which maximizes the number of survived check nodes. The MSCN scheme is quite different from the grouping and sorting scheme in the rules of finding nodes and update. By simulations, the MSCN scheme is shown to be superior to the grouping and sorting scheme over AWGN channels at low rates for rate-compatible LDPC codes.
Behavior of the Ventricular Triggering Period of DDD Pacemakers (1987)

Fifty-seven patients with implanted DDD pulse generators (23 Intermedics Cosmos and 34 Medtronic Symbios) were studied to characterize the behavior of the so-called ventricular safety pace period or nonphysiologic AV delay (ventricular triggering period) in a variety of circumstances. The pulse generators were programmed to various combinations of upper rate, lower rate, and atrioventricular (AV) intervals. We then evaluated the response of the pulse generators to a variety of signals sensed by the ventricular channel during the ventricular triggering period (VTP). In the Cosmos DDD pulse generators, the VTP lengthened from its nominal value (100 ms) whenever the sum of the atrial escape (pacemaker VA) interval and the nominal value of the VTP was shorter than the upper rate limit interval. Extension of the VTP reflected the necessary delay required to maintain constancy of the (ventricular) upper rate limit interval. In contrast, the Medtronic Symbios DDD pulse generators exhibited constancy of the VTP even when the sum of the atrial escape (pacemaker VA) interval and the duration of the nonprogrammable VTP (110 ms) was shorter than the upper rate limit interval. This response was observed only with a programmed lower rate of 90 ppm, upper rate of 100 ppm, and AV interval of 250 ms. Under these circumstances, in the presence of crosstalk or myopotentials sensed in the VTP, the Symbios DDD pulse generator violated its ventricular upper rate limit interval, but remained faithful to its separate (but equal) atrial upper rate limit interval by omitting the succeeding atrial stimulus. The behavior of the VTP of DDD pulse generators, particularly its relation to the upper rate response, must be known for the proper interpretation of pacemaker function.
A simulation of microbial competition in the human colonic ecosystem (1996)

Many investigations of the interactions of microbial competitors in the gastrointestinal tract used continuous-flow anaerobic cultures. The simulation reported here was a deterministic 11-compartment model coded by using the C programming language and based on parameters from published in vitro studies and assumptions were data were unavailable. The resource compartments were glucose, lactose and sucrose, starch, sorbose, and serine. Six microbial competitors included indigenous nonpathogenic colonizers of the human gastrointestinal tract (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacteroids ovatus, Fusobacterium varium, and Enterococcus faecalis) and the potential human enteropathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Flows of carbon from the resources to the microbes were modified by resource and space controls. Partitioning of resources to the competitors that could utilize them was calculated at each iteration on the basis of availability of all resources by feeding preference functions. Resources did not accumulate during iterations of the model. The results of the computer simulation of microbial competition model and for various modifications of the model. The results were based on few measured parameters but may be useful in the design of user-friendly software to aid researchers in defining and manipulating the microbial ecology of colonic ecosystems as relates to food-borne disease.
Research on and Application of DSP & FPGA Data Processing System (2008)

According to the real time requirement of the spindle testing of milling machining center, this paper discussed in emphasis on the realization of DSP FPGA signal hardware system and the structure of streamline CORDIC processor in FPGA. Through simulation and experiment, the comparing and analyzing of the theoretical values and calculating values of CORDIC have been carried on. The results show that the calculated values are very near to the theoretical ones.
The cloning and functional characterisation of a family of human stargazin-like genes (2002)

1) Stargazin, the product of the gene mutated in the epileptic mouse Stargazer, is hypothesised to be the first example of a neuronal voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC) γ subunit. The aim of this thesis project was to identify, clone and characterise the functional properties of a family of human stargazin-like genes when expressed as part of a VDCC complex. 2) A family of five human stargazin-like genes were identified and cloned, including the human orthologue of stargazin itself. 3) The γ2, γ3 and γ4 subunits are closely related to each other and are encoded by four exon genes. The γ5 and γ7 subunits display much lower homology to stargazin and are encoded by five exon genes, indicating they form a distinct subfamily of stargazin-like proteins. 4) The human γ2, γ3, γ4, γ5 and γ7 subunit proteins share a conserved predicted tetra- spanning transmembrane topology. However, whilst the γ2, γ3 and γ4 subunits localise specifically to the plasma membrane upon heterologous expression, γ7 is expressed throughout the cell with little insertion into the membrane. 5) The γ2, γ3, γ4 and γ7 subunits are selectively expressed in brain with varying distributions in the different brain regions. More detailed distribution and cellular localisation data for the γ2, γ3, and γ4 subunits in human cerebellum and hippocampus are reported. 6) Co-expression of either the γ2 or γ4 subunits failed significantly to modulate the biophysical properties of Cav2.1/β4 VDCCs in the absence or presence of an α2δ subunit. However, N-type current through Cav2.2 channels was almost abolished when co-expressed transiently with γ7 in either Xenopus oocytes or COS-7 cells. Furthermore, γ7 has this effect by causing a large reduction in expression of Cav2.2 protein rather than by interfering with trafficking or biophysical properties of the channel.
A conceptual experiment on single-beam coincidence detection with pseudothermal light (2007)

Ghost imaging produced by pseudothermal light is commonly obtained by correlating the intensities of two separate beams, neither of which conveys information about the shape of the object to be imaged. The single-beam experiment discussed here, while not exploitable for the practical purpose of reconstructing the shape of a real mask, uses the same mathematical machinery as two-beam experiments; it also suggests that image retrieval by classical light ghost imaging is only a product of normal signal processing and does not involve any "ghost". In addition, the singlebeam setup allows simpler calibration procedures in systematic investigations of the efficiency of coincidence imaging.
[Peptide inhibitors of coagulative transformation of fibrinogen]. (1991)

The human blood plasma has peptide inhibitors of fibrinogen coagulative transformation that differ in molecular weight. Amino acid composition and N-terminal amino acid sequence of the largest peptide show that it precedes the lighter ones. The blood plasma of white rats and a bull contains inhibitors being alike in the action upon hemostasis and in amino acidic composition. As shown in investigations of white rats, up to 97% of pulled peptides, inhibitors of fibrinogen coagulative transformation is deposited in the viscera tissues. The mobile mechanism of the inhibitor redistribution in blood and tissue proves their great role in blood stabilization. The inhibitors of the peptide nature are believed to supply basic antipolymerisation plasma activity preventing fibrinogen formation in constant blood coagulation with slow intensity.
Overexpressed CISD2 has prognostic value in human gastric cancer and promotes gastric cancer cell proliferation and tumorigenesis <i>via</i> AKT signaling pathway (2015)

CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) is localized in the outer mitochondrial membrane and mediates mitochondrial integrity and lifespan in mammals, but its role in cancer is unknown. In the current study, we reported that CISD2 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly upregulated in gastric cancer cells compared to normal gastric epithelial cells (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis of 261 paraffin-embedded archived gastric cancer tissues showed that high CISD2 expression was significantly associated with clinical stage, TNM classifications, venous invasion and lymphatic invasion. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that high CISD2 expression was an independent prognostic factor for poorer overall survival in the entire cohort. Overexpressing CISD2 promoted, while silencing CISD2 inhibited, the proliferation of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that silencing endogenous CISD2 also significantly inhibited the proliferation and tumorigenicity of MGC-803 and SGC-7901 cells not only in vitro but also in vivo in NOD/SCID mice (P < 0.05). Furthermore, we found that CISD2 affected cell proliferation and tumorigenicity of gastric cancer cells through mediating the G1-to-S phase transition. Moreover, we demonstrated that the pro-proliferative effect of CISD2 on gastric cancer cells was associated with downregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1 and p27Kip1, and activation of AKT signaling. The findings of this study indicate that CISD2 may promote proliferation and tumorigenicity, potentially representing a novel prognostic marker for overall survival in gastric cancer.
Bioinspired, Highly Stretchable, and Conductive Dry Adhesives Based on 1D–2D Hybrid Carbon Nanocomposites for All-in-One ECG Electrodes (2016)

Here we propose a concept of conductive dry adhesives (CDA) combining a gecko-inspired hierarchical structure and an elastomeric carbon nanocomposite. To complement the poor electrical percolation of 1D carbon nanotube (CNT) networks in an elastomeric matrix at a low filler content (∼1 wt %), a higher dimensional carbon material (i.e., carbon black, nanographite, and graphene nanopowder) is added into the mixture as an aid filler. The co-doped graphene and CNT in the composite show the lowest volume resistance (∼100 ohm·cm) at an optimized filler ratio (1:9, total filler content: 1 wt %) through a synergetic effect in electrical percolation. With an optimized conductive elastomer, gecko-inspired high-aspect-ratio (>3) microstructures over a large area (∼4 in.2) are successfully replicated from intaglio-patterned molds without collapse. The resultant CDA pad shows a high normal adhesion force (∼1.3 N/cm2) even on rough human skin and an excellent cycling property for repeatable use over 30 times without degradation of adhesion force, which cannot be achieved by commercial wet adhesives. The body-attachable CDA can be used as a metal-free, all-in-one component for measuring biosignals under daily activity conditions (i.e., underwater, movements) because of its superior conformality and water-repellent characteristic.
The probability for ballistic electron motion in n-GaAs (1981)

By choosing the value of P = e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+1</sup> as a probability criterion, ballistic electron motion in n-GaAs devices is investigated. The scattering processes due to optical phonons, intervalley phonons of Γ &rarr L and Γ → X and acoustic phonons are included in the calculations. The relation between the length of the active region and the applied voltage at 77°K and 300°K is discussed. This provides a guide to ballistic electron device design.
Functional Divergence in the Genus Oenococcus as Predicted by Genome Sequencing of the Newly-Described Species, Oenococcus kitaharae (2012)

Oenococcus kitaharae is only the second member of the genus Oenococcus to be identified and is the closest relative of the industrially important wine bacterium Oenococcus oeni. To provide insight into this new species, the genome of the type strain of O. kitaharae, DSM 17330, was sequenced. Comparison of the sequenced genomes of both species show that the genome of O. kitaharae DSM 17330 contains many genes with predicted functions in cellular defence (bacteriocins, antimicrobials, restriction-modification systems and a CRISPR locus) which are lacking in O. oeni. The two genomes also appear to differentially encode several metabolic pathways associated with amino acid biosynthesis and carbohydrate utilization and which have direct phenotypic consequences. This would indicate that the two species have evolved different survival techniques to suit their particular environmental niches. O. oeni has adapted to survive in the harsh, but predictable, environment of wine that provides very few competitive species. However O. kitaharae appears to have adapted to a growth environment in which biological competition provides a significant selective pressure by accumulating biological defence molecules, such as bacteriocins and restriction-modification systems, throughout its genome.
New baseline correction algorithm for text-line recognition with bidirectional recurrent neural networks (2013)

Many preprocessing techniques have been proposed for isolated word recognition. However, recently, recognition systems have dealt with text blocks and their compound text lines. In this paper, we propose a new preprocessing approach to efficiently correct baseline skew and fluctuations. Our approach is based on a sliding window within which the vertical position of the baseline is estimated. Segmentation of text lines into subparts is, thus, avoided. Experiments conducted on a large publicly available database (Rimes), with a BLSTM (bidirectional long short-term memory) recurrent neural network recognition system, show that our baseline correction approach highly improves performance.
Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) as Immune Regulator (2011)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) represent a family of enzymes which synthesize and bind branched polymers of ADP-ribose to acceptor proteins using NAD as a substrate. PARP-1, the prototypical representative of the family, accounts for the majority of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymer synthesis. PARP-1 functions as a DNA nick sensor and signaling molecule binding to ssDNA and dsDNA protecting cells from genomic instability. PARP-1 activity plays a relevant role in the development of inflammatory responses largely contributing to tissue damage in ischemia/reperfusion conditions, such as stroke and myocardial infarction, and in septic shock. Recently, several findings revealed a wider immunological role for PARP-1. It regulates gene transcription in several types of immune cells, including dendritic cells, macrophages and lymphocytes. PARP-1 affects the stimulatory ability of dendritic cells, T cell activation and antibody production. Inhibition of PARP-1 enzymatic activity reduces the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ameliorates autoimmune diseases in several experimental models. Our recent findings showed that PARP-1 deficiency affects T cell differentiation rendering naïve CD4 T cells prone to differentiate in regulatory T cells. All together these findings show that PARP-1 plays a pivotal role in the balance between pro-inflammatory/effector and anti-inflammatory/regulatory responses, opening new possible therapeutic perspectives.
[Radioisotope lymphadenectomy in testicular tumors (author's transl)]. (1980)

This paper presents a preliminary report of the first eleven patients with testicular cancer who underwent lymphadenectomy assisted by radioisotope techniques with a special designed gamma surgical camera. In cases of only partial carcinomatous infiltration the lymph nodes are well marked with the radioisotope. Additionally colour television gives the surgeon an objective continuous control of the actually dissected lymphatic tissue during all phases of surgery. In our experience the use of radioisotope-techniques and a gamma surgical camera seem to be of great value in improving lymph node extirpation in cases of testicular cancer.
Partitioning: A unifying framework for adaptive systems, I: Estimation (1976)

In this paper, partitioning and the associated generalized partitioned estimation algorithms are shown to constitute a unifying and powerful framework for optimal adaptive estimation in linear as well as nonlinear problems. Using the partitioning framework, the adaptive estimation problem is treated from a global viewpoint that readily yields and unifies seemingly unrelated results and, most importantly, yields fundamentally new families of nonlinear and linear estimation algorithms in a decoupled parallel-realization form. The generalized partitioned estimation algorithms are shown to have several important properties from both a theoretical and a realization or computational standpoint.
Thermogravimetric and Reaction Kinetic Analysis of Biomass Samples from an Energy Plantation (2004)

The products of a Hungarian experimental plantation for energy crops were investigated.Young shoots of poplar clones (Populus × euramericana and Populus × interamericana), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), willow (Salix alba) and an herbaceous plant (Miscanthus sinensis) revealed unexpectedly similar thermal behavior in inert and oxidative atmospheres, as well.An eightfold difference in the level of grinding did not result in substantial differences in the thermal decomposition.The effect of oxygen in the ambient gas was studied at low sample masses (0.2 -0.4 mg) that excluded the overheating due to the high reaction heat of the combustion process.The presence of oxygen affects the decomposition from ca. 220°C.Nevertheless, the extrapolated onset temperature of the hemicellulose decomposition is practically the same at 0, 5 and 21 V/V% oxygen.A group of 12 experiments, representing two grinding levels, three plant genera and four different heating programs were evaluated simultaneously by the method of least squares employing the model of independent pseudocomponents.All evaluated experiments were well described by the same set of kinetic parameters; only the parameters describing the peak area of the partial processes differed.A technique was recommended for the appropriate handling of the non-random errors in the simultaneous evaluation of experiment series.