gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large Single Crystals of Graphene on Melted Copper Using Chemical Vapor Deposition (2012)

A simple method is presented for synthesizing large single crystal graphene domains on melted copper using atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This is achieved by performing the reaction above the melting point of copper (1090 °C) and using a molybdenum or tungsten support to prevent balling of the copper from dewetting. By controlling the amount of hydrogen during growth, individual single crystal domains of monolayer graphene greater than 200 μm are produced within a continuous film. Stopping growth before a complete film is formed reveals individual hexagonal domains of graphene that are epitaxially aligned in their orientation. Angular resolved photoemission spectroscopy is used to show that the graphene grown on copper exhibits a linear dispersion relationship and no sign of doping. HRTEM and electron diffraction reveal a uniform high quality crystalline atomic structure of monolayer graphene.
Physiology and molecular genetics of mutations that increase ovulation rate in sheep (1992)

VARIATION in litter size in sheep is controlled by both genetic and environmental factors. Most breeds of domestic sheep have one or two lambs at each lambing, although a small number of breeds, including the Booroola Merino, Cambridge, D'Man, Finnish Landrace, and Romanov, consistently have litter sizes of three or more (see Ref. 1). Attempts to increase litter size by selection within a breed result in slow progress because the heritability of litter size is low (2). Therefore, the discovery of major genes (or mutations) with large effects on ovulation rate, and thus litter size, has generated considerable interest among sheep breeders and scientists. The major gene (FecB) in the Booroola Merino breed was first postulated in 1980 (3). Since then, the search for other mutations influencing reproduction in sheep has intensified, and a number have been proposed (4–8). As an alternative to the slow progress achieved by selection for litter size, these mutations allow more rapid progress by introgression into other breeds. Back-crossing of the FecB gene into a number of breeds is now in progress (9).
Image guided navigation for minimally invasive surgery (2007)

In this thesis, we present a catheter navigation system for minimally invasive surgery. The core of such a navigation system is to register pre-operative high resolution 3D or 4D heart model with infra-operative bean shape model to build a combined heart shape. With such a combine shape model the intra-operative catheter motion can be tracked and displayed with it Then clinicians can easily navigate catheters inside human heart. The most difficult part of such a registration is how to quickly and reliably capture infra-cardiac heart shape measurement. We designed a 3D ultrasound catheter virtual touch technique which can capture heart shape measurement during operation in a much faster and more accurate way than conventional manual collection method. Our system can use 4D model and points which captures the heart shape change during one cardiac cycle for registration. To address non-rigid shape changes from breathing cycles and other sources, our system has a local non-rigid registration component to further correct the high resolution pre-operative shape model based on infra-operative realtime shape measurement from virtual touch.
Prevalence and accuracy of home sphygmomanometers in an urban population. (1987)

The prevalence of ownership (7.5 per cent) and the accuracy of home sphygmomanometers were determined in a population-based survey in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metropolitan area. Sixty-four per cent of home sphygmomanometers were accurate within +/- 2 mm Hg of a calibrating sphygmomanometer; another 26 per cent were within +/- 3-6 mm Hg. These results suggest that although many home sphygmomanometers are accurate, some are very inaccurate. Health care providers should advise regular calibration when home sphygmomanometers are used for therapeutic self-management of hypertension.
Probing Protein Multidimensional Conformational Fluctuations by Single-Molecule Multiparameter Photon Stamping Spectroscopy (2014)

Conformational motions of proteins are highly dynamic and intrinsically complex. To capture the temporal and spatial complexity of conformational motions and further to understand their roles in protein functions, an attempt is made to probe multidimensional conformational dynamics of proteins besides the typical one-dimensional FRET coordinate or the projected conformational motions on the one-dimensional FRET coordinate. T4 lysozyme hinge-bending motions between two domains along α-helix have been probed by single-molecule FRET. Nevertheless, the domain motions of T4 lysozyme are rather complex involving multiple coupled nuclear coordinates and most likely contain motions besides hinge-bending. It is highly likely that the multiple dimensional protein conformational motions beyond the typical enzymatic hinged-bending motions have profound impact on overall enzymatic functions. In this report, we have developed a single-molecule multiparameter photon stamping spectroscopy integrating fluorescence anisotropy, FRET, and fluorescence lifetime. This spectroscopic approach enables simultaneous observations of both FRET-related site-to-site conformational dynamics and molecular rotational (or orientational) motions of individual Cy3-Cy5 labeled T4 lysozyme molecules. We have further observed wide-distributed rotational flexibility along orientation coordinates by recording fluorescence anisotropy and simultaneously identified multiple intermediate conformational states along FRET coordinate by monitoring time-dependent donor lifetime, presenting a whole picture of multidimensional conformational dynamics in the process of T4 lysozyme open-close hinge-bending enzymatic turnover motions under enzymatic reaction conditions. By analyzing the autocorrelation functions of both lifetime and anisotropy trajectories, we have also observed the dynamic and static inhomogeneity of T4 lysozyme multidimensional conformational fluctuation dynamics, providing a fundamental understanding of the enzymatic reaction turnover dynamics associated with overall enzyme as well as the specific active-site conformational fluctuations that are not identifiable and resolvable in the conventional ensemble-averaged experiment.
Psychostimulants for Cancer-Related Fatigue (2010)

Fatigue is a highly prevalent and distressing symptom associated with significant psychological and functional morbidity and decreased quality of life among patients with cancer. Despite its impact on patients and caregivers, fatigue is underreported and underrecognized, and remains untreated among patients with cancer because of various patient- and clinician-related factors. In addition to assessment for potentially reversible medical causes or medications exacerbating fatigue, and the implementation of nonpharmacologic interventions, several pharmacologic treatment options have been considered for the treatment of cancer-related fatigue. Among traditional psychostimulants, methylphenidate has been studied the most and is effective and well tolerated among patients with cancer despite common side effects. Modafinil, a novel psychostimulant commonly referred to as wakefulness-promoting agents as a group, has also been studied and seems to be well tolerated among patients with cancer. A large placebo effect has been reported in most randomized controlled trials with psychostimulants. Thus, randomized placebo-controlled trials with large sample sizes are needed to further assess the efficacy and tolerability of psychostimulants in the treatment of cancer-related fatigue. This article presents a comprehensive review of the use of psychostimulant agents for fatigue among patients with cancer, including an overview of the clinical trials with psychostimulants and of the clinical guidelines available for treatment of cancer-related fatigue.
Video Compression (1998)

From the Publisher:
This practical,plain-English guide reviews JPEG,MPEG-1,and MPEG-2 N today's most widely used image compression standards N and presents an intriguing glimpse of other systems currently in development. From the fundamentals of the sampled images that form the actual input to any compression system to available compression tools and performance considerations,the material is clear,concise,and richly relevant. Each chapter covers the basics first,and then goes into greater detail,making the book easily accessible to readers at all levels of familiarity with the topic. DVD,switching transport,and audio compression schemes are also covered. Recommended reading for any video,audio,or broadcast engineer interested in maintaining transmission/storage quality or in more reliably diagnosing compression-related problems. 
Here's what every TV engineer needs to know about JPEG and MPEG!
Digital television,Internet video,DVD,and videoconferencing; all require a solid practical and theoretical understanding of video compression options,both for storage and transmission. This guide,written by a video engineer for video engineers,gives you the expertise you need to stay on top in the field. It reviews JPEG MPEG-1,and MPEG-2\\=today's most widely used image compression standards - and presents an intriguing glimpse at other systems currently in development. From the fundamentals of the sampled images that form the actual input to any compression system to the available compression tools and performance considerations,the material is clear,concise,and richly relevant. Each chapter covers the basics first,and then goes into greater detail,making the book easily accessible to readers at alllevels of familiarity with the topic. MPEG transport schemes,switching of MPEG,and audio compression schemes are also covered. This practical guide will be helpful to any video,audio,or broadcast engineer interested in maintaining transmission/storage quality or in being able to more reliably diagnose compression-related problems.
An efficient ranging method for wireless sensor networks (2010)

The Radio Interferometric Positioning System (RIPS) provides a localization method with high accuracy and simple hardware configuration for sensor networks by means of measuring the phase difference of the interference signal. However, due to the periodicity of phase, it is hard to determine the actual distance difference only from a single phase measurement. To solve the problem, RIPS makes multiple measurements at different frequencies so as to convert phase difference to distance difference, which is a computationally intensive searching process and not suitable for the energy-constrained wireless sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose an efficient ranging method based on Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT). Meanwhile, we utilize some properties of the coefficients in the CRT algorithm to avoid the over-sensitivity of the traditional CRT, which increases the robustness of the algorithm. We apply this robust CRT algorithm to the ranging process which calculates the distance difference directly in a closed form equation and therefore reduces the response time and energy consumption of the ranging procedure.
Competitive SOC with UTBB SOI (2011)

(1) ST has 10 years experience with FDSOI (a) Research program on 3 sites: Crolles, LETI & ANT (b) Collaboration with SOITEC for wafer supply (2) Several technology elements have already been demonstrated (a) Process modules (STI, Gate materials, USJ, Ground plane, Hybrid) (b) V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> adjustment strategy (c) Body bias capability (d) On-Silicon Performance capability over 28LP (3) Move from R&D to Industrial Process of 28FD technology is for us (and our Partners) an efficient and straightforward response to the world-wide competition (4) Extension of FDSOI towards 20nm and 14nm nodes is also in preparation (a) with new bossters to further increase of the performance growth rate.
Fighting unicode-obfuscated spam (2007)

In the last few years, obfuscation has been used more and more by spammers to make spam emails bypass filters. The standard method is to use images that look like text, since typical spam filters are unable to parse such messages; this is what is used in so-called "rock phishing". To fight image-based spam, many spam filters use heuristic rules in which emails containing images are flagged, and since not many legit emails are composed mainly of a big image, this aids in detecting image-based spam. The spammers are thus interested in circumventing these methods. Unicode transliteration is a convenient tool for spammers, since it allows a spammer to create a large number of homomorphic clones of the same looking message; since Unicode contains many characters that are unique but appear very similar, spammers can translate a message's characters at random to hide black-listed words in an effort to bypass filters. In order to defend against these unicode-obfuscated spam emails, we developed a prototype tool that can be used with Spam Assassin to block spam obfuscated in this way by mapping polymorphic messages to a common, more homogeneous representation. This representation can then be filtered using traditional methods. We demonstrate the ease with which Unicode polymorphism can be used to circumvent spam filters such as SpamAssassin, and then describe a de-obfuscation technique that can be used to catch messages that have been obfuscated in this fashion.
The Business of Feminism: Issues in London Feminist Publishing (1989)

What happens when feminism and publishing meet? Women in London have been answering this question in exciting and important ways. London supports a remarkable community of feminist presses, now in its second decade. These presses-Virago, the Women's Press, Pandora, Sheba, and Onlywomen -offer a fascinating example of the of feminism, in all the suggestive meanings of this phrase. First, how did feminism get into the business of publishing in London? How does it function as a business? And will it manage to stay in business? To be more specific, how has London come to support this feminist publishing community, in the midst of a conservative political climate and a competitive publishing industry? After a brief description of each of London's five feminist presses, I'll begin to answer my own questions by situating this feminist community in two of its institutional contexts, academia and the mainstream publishing industry. I'll argue that, while the publishing world has afforded feminist presses a congenial and fruitful business niche, the threats of mainstream cooptation and corporate paternalism continue to hover, and institutional survival for these presses remains a challenge. Second, how does a successful feminist community go about its business? Is the business of radical politics in tune with the business of the marketplace-or, if we look closely, do we see that the political price of business success is too high? Here, I'll look at the internal dynamics of the feminist publishing community, focusing both on its exciting, diverse strengths, and on some underlying tensions within it. Why am I making the business of feminist publishing my business in this essay? What follows draws on a year of fulltime research, from mid-1986 to mid-1987, into feminist publishing in London. During this time, I worked part time for two feminist presses in London and interviewed feminist presses elsewhere in the United Kingdom, in Ireland, and in Europe. In tackling the issues I've set out above, I'm aware that I have only one particular outsider's perspective on a complex situation. My aim throughout is to offer a sympathetic critique of these presses, showing what emerges when feminism puts itself in action, in writing, and in the money.
Secretion and cell-surface growth are blocked in a temperature-sensitive mutant of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1979)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells contain a small internal pool of the secretory enzymes invertase and acid phosphatase. This pool increases up to 8-fold at 37 degrees C in a temperature-sensitive, secretion-defective mutant strain (sec 1-1). Cell division and incorporation of a sulfate permease activity stop abruptly at the restrictive temperature, while protein synthesis continues for several hours. Electron microscopy of mutant cells incubated at 37 degrees C reveals a large increase in the number of intracellular membrane-bound vesicles, which are shown by histochemical staining to contain the accumulated acid phosphatase. The vesicles are removed and the accumulated enzymes are secreted when cells are returned to a permissive temperature in the presence or absence of cycloheximide. These results are consistent with a vesicle intermediate in the yeast secretory pathway and suggest that exocytosis may contribute to cell-surface growth.
The development of eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) lesions in winter wheat crops (1986)

The development of eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) lesions on main shoots of plants in winter-sown wheat crops in 1981/82, 1982/83 and 1983/84 was studied by recording the incidence and penetration of leaf sheath infections from January to April/May and the incidence and severity of stem lesions from April/May until harvest in July/August. The incidence of leaf sheath infection in a late-sown (3 Nov 1982) crop increased from 15 per cent in January to 60 per cent in March 1983, but decreased during April and May. The mean number of leaf sheaths penetrated per mains shoot increased from 1 in January to 3.5 in May. The crop was sown earlier (9 Sept) in 1983 and after a wet, mild autumn 80 per cent of the plants were infected, with three leaf sheaths penetrated on the main shoots, by January 1984. The incidence of infection changed little in the following 3 months and four leaf sheaths had been penetrated by late April. In 1982, eyespot lesions had become established in main stems of 70-80 per cent of the plants in the crop before the last leaf sheaths at the stem base had withered in mid-June. These lesions became more severe during June and July. In 1983 and 1984, only 20-40 per cent of plants had visible lesions on their mains stems when leaf sheaths had withered and, although the incidence of visible stem lesions increased subsequently, the lesions never became severe
History and Mechanism of Action (2007)

Usage of botulinum toxin (BTX) for cosmetic treatment was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) only a few years ago and already Botox® has become a household name. Some people have substituted Tupperware® parties for Botox parties. Few, however, are aware of the fascinating history of Botox and its many therapeutic uses.
An interference management scheme for heterogeneous network with cell range extension (2011)

In a cellular heterogeneous network (HetNet), pico cells are added to a macro-cell layout aiming for benefiting average system throughput from cell-splitting. Considering that the large coverage of macro cell can limit the cell-splitting gains, cell range expansion is employed to increase the fraction of UEs camped on pico cells. However, some pico user equipments (UEs) suffer from macro cells due to cell range extension. In this paper, we propose an interference management scheme for macro-pico HetNet deployment to cope with the severe interference conditions from using cell range extension. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can remarkably improve cell edge spectral efficiency as well as overall system capacity.
JEUX, PREUVES ET LOGIQUES (2005)

Résumé: La seconde moitié du vingtième siècle a vu renaître une tradition qui remonte à l&apos;origine même de l&apos;étude formelle du raisonnement correct, pour laquelle l&apos;inférence doit se comprendre dans le cadre d&apos;une interaction critique entre deux interlocuteurs d&apos;un jeu de langage où ce qui est en jeu est la production d&apos;une justification pour une certaine thèse, sous l&apos;hypothèse de certaines concessions initiales. C&apos;est cette tradition, celle de la logique dialogique, dont nous esquissons brièvement les notions fondamentales, ainsi que les rapports avec une autre approche importante: la logique linéaire.
Prime time television in a medium‐sized market: A content analysis (1979)

This study reports a quantitative analysis of the prime time television offerings during the fall, winter, and springs seasons (1977–78) by three commercial network‐affiliated stations in a medium‐sized market. A total of 40 consecutive weeks of program listings were examined: 3 September 1977 through and including 9 June 1978. Thefindings of this study indicate that: (1) five (movies, comedy, crime drama, drama, and specials) of the 13 program‐types identified account for nearly 78% of the prime time programming, (2) results of a Friedman two‐way analysis of variance test demonstrate that no significant differences exist between the three stations' program menus, (3) affiliate preemption of the network feed occurred less than 3% of the time overall, and (4) overall, non entertainment programming was at best scant (2.4%). Suggestions for future research were included.
The likelihood for a state space model (1988)

Journal Article The likelihood for a state space model Get access PIET DE JONG PIET DE JONG Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, University of British ColumbiaVancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T1Y8 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Biometrika, Volume 75, Issue 1, March 1988, Pages 165–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/75.1.165 Published: 01 March 1988 Article history Received: 01 March 1987 Revision received: 01 June 1987 Published: 01 March 1988
Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the treatment of severe autoimmune disease: results from phase I/II studies, prospective randomized trials and future directions (2005)

Around 700 patients have received an autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) as treatment for a severe autoimmune disease (AD). The majority of these have been within the context of phase I/II clinical trials and following international guidelines proposed 7 years ago. In general, a positive benefit/risk ratio has led to phase III prospective randomized controlled trials in multiple sclerosis (MS), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Europe. In the US, similar trials are being planned for SSc, MS and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Transplant related mortality (TRM) has fallen in all disease subgroups since the inception due to more appropriate patient selection, and so far a clear advantage of the more intense myeloablative regimens in terms of remission induction and relapse rate has not emerged. Although each AD has a different profile, over a third of patients have sustained a durable remission, often with no further need for immunosuppressive drugs. In those who relapsed, many responded to agents which pre transplant had been ineffective. The study of immune reconstitution and gene expression pre and post HSCT is being undertaken to further understand the mechanism of autoimmunity.
Development of Scan Strategies for Controlled 3D Laser Forming of Sheet Metal Components (2016)

Laser forming offers the industrial promise of controlled iterative shaping of metallic and non-metallic components. In order to fulfil this promise in a manufacturing environment the process must have a high degree of control, be repeatable and have a minimal impact on the material and mechanical properties of the part to be formed. A new approach for the development of scan strategies for controlled 3D laser forming of sheet metal components is presented in this paper based on a reverse analysis. A patched modular virtual press tool is employed in a commercial FE package to extract the required distribution of in-plane strain, bending strain and principal minimal strain to achieve a given shape from a starting condition. The laser processing conditions have then been extracted from the magnitude of strain and displacement of each patch, closed loop control iterative approach has then been used to ensure part accuracy.