gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TREATMENT OF UREMIA BY PERFUSION OF AN ISOLATED INTESTINAL LOOP (1951)

In 1946, de Leeuw and Kolff<sup>1</sup>treated a patient with contracted kidneys and uremia by dialysis through an intestinal loop. A loop of small intestine was separated by transverse sections and the ends brought out through lateral stab wounds, leaving the vasculature intact. The continuity of the remaining intestine was restored by end-to-end anastomosis. The isolated intestinal loop was perfused. Rinsing fluid from a reservoir was let into the proximal end of the intestinal loop after passage through a Murphy drip and through a thermostatically controlled bath to bring it up to body temperature. From this first patient 5 gm. of urea could be removed in 10 hours of perfusion. Since then, all our patients with severe chronic uremia were treated with a forced high-caloric, low-protein diet according to the principle of Borst. Conditions demanding intestinal dialysis rarely occurred. Odel and Ferris,<sup>2</sup>Seligman, Frank and Fine,<sup>3</sup>and
Identificación de riesgos y puntos críticos de control para la implementación de un sistema HACCP en un matadero porcino (2010)

Resumen Con el objetivo de prevenir la presentacion de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) en la poblacion humana y la diseminacion de agentes etiologicos que afectan la salud porcina, con el consiguiente impacto economico y social; se identificaron y analizaron los riesgos biologicos, quimicos y fisicos en un matadero de cerdos. Este analisis permitio la determinacion de los Puntos Criticos de Control (PCC), lo que constituye un principio fundamental para la posible implementacion del Sistema de Analisis de Riesgos y Puntos Criticos de Control (HACCP), previa decision de las autoridades empresariales, el cual garantizara que las operaciones de matanza y procesamiento de carne porcina sean cada vez mas seguras, y reducira los costos de produccion, por concepto de inspeccion y decomiso de los productos contaminados y/o deteriorados. Palabras clave: HACCP|. Puntos Criticos de Control | Cerdos | Enfermedades de trasmitidas por alimentos
A Theorem of Larmor and Its Importance for Electrons in Magnetic Fields (1945)

The importance of a well-known theorem, originally due to Larmor, is emphasized. It enables a definition of "momentum" and "moment of momentum" for electrons in a magnetic field, hence the possibility of writing the conservation of these quantities when the geometry of the structure is convenient. As typical examples of the method, two special cases are discussed: a plane electron beam and a cylindrical electron beam with longitudinal magnetic field. In both cases it is found that the space-charge density of the beam is entirely controlled by the magnetic field and that the maximum current is obtained for a suitable optimum magnetic field.
Data Link Overview for Heavy Duty Vehicle Applications (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Data link interfaces have become a requirement for the heavy duty vehicle industry because of the need to share information between individual subsystems. Therefore, it is important for the industry to be familiar with the existing heavy duty vehicle serial data communications standards. SAE has addressed the need to share information between individual subsystems and this paper presents the serial data communications adopted in SAE Recommended Practices J1708, J1587 and J1922 as well as J1939 which is currently under development by the Truck and Bus Control and Communications Network Subcommittee. For a vehicle of the early to mid-1990s, the J1708, J1587 and J1922 documents provide the standards to accommodate general information sharing, detailed diagnostic definition and early powertrain controls integration. The J1939 document being developed will define a network that encompasses all the requirements satisfied by J1708, J1587 and J1922 and any new requirements that arise. This paper, therefore, presents an overview of each standard, the differences between the standards and application information for use of one standard over the other.</div>
Poststorage diastolic abnormalities of heart transplants: is vascular dysfunction or myocardial contracture the culprit? (1996)

Our results suggest that myocardial contracture plays a major role in posttransplantation diastolic abnormalities shown by cardiac allografts. Alleviation of contracture significantly improves the responsiveness of coronary smooth muscles but does not affect that of the vascular endothelium which needs to be handled by separate interventions.
Treatment Options in Alzheimer´s Disease: The GABA Story (2015)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. Research focused on identifying compounds that restore cognition and memory in AD patients is a very active investigational pursuit, but unfortunately, it has been only successful in terms of developing symptomatic treatments. Aβ deposition and neurofibrillary tangles along with neuron and synapse loss are associated with neurotransmitter dysfunction and have been recognized as hallmarks of AD. Furthermore, clinical and preclinical studies point to this neurotransmitter dysfunction as a main factor underlying both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of the illness. Cholinergic deficit in AD prompted the use of cholinesterase inhibitors as the symptomatic treatment of cognitive decline in AD, however this therapeutic approach provides only modest benefit in the majority of patients. Hence, nowadays research is focused on investigating compounds that could restore cognition and memory in AD patients. GABA is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and GABAergic neurons provide extensive innervation to cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons. It has been shown that dysfunction of the GABAergic system may contribute to cognitive impairment in humans. Significant reductions in GABA levels have been described in severe cases of AD, which could be underlying the behavioral and psychological symptoms of AD. This review examines the involvement of the GABAergic system in both cognitive and non-cognitive behavioural symptoms in AD, providing some pointers for rational drug development.
A survey of vision-based automatic incident detection technology (2006)

Automatic incident detection (AID) has become a necessity for the ever increasing traffic density for most major intersections and highways. Using vision-based AID systems, real-time incident information can be obtained automatically and precisely, and communicated to the Traffic Management Centre (TMC) for other posterior activities such as oncoming driver warning, incident processing and removal. Vision-based AID algorithms generally include three consecutive steps: object detection, vehicle tracking and activity understanding. In this paper, a great variety of vision-based AID methods are introduced and compared in detail. A method is suggested for evaluating performances of AID algorithms. In addition, this paper proposes several key technical difficulties and possible resolutions, which are often met in traffic incident detection process.
Screening of Madhumehaghna (anti diabetic) plants in Vrihattrayee. (2003)

The three texts written by Charak, Sushrut and Vagbhat are considered as Vrihattrayee because of their original contributions to the basic tenants of Ayurveda and innovative uses of plants and medicine. But despite the possibility of exploring efficacious for mulations from among these classics, not much attempts have been made in this direction, due to the fact that now most of them are not in vogue in practice by majority of Ayurvedic physicians. As such, a glossary of plants as described in those texts for the management of prameha including diabetes has been collected which would be useful for studying these drugs from different angles.
Outpatient anesthesia with nalbuphine hydrochloride. (1983)

Nalbuphine hydrochloride is a relatively new agonist-antagonist drug structurally related to the potent narcotic, oxymorphone (Numorphan®), and the potent narcotic antagonist, naloxone (Narcan®). (Figure 1.) Nalbuphine has a potency equivalent to morphine sulphate and meperidine (10 mg morphine sulphate and 75 mg meperidine being equivalent to 20 mg nalbuphine), 1 with an abuse potential which is less than that of codeine. The major side effects of nalbuphine appear to be similar to those reported for the narcotic analgesics. Nalbuphine does not appear to affect cardiodynamics. .. 4 When it is used in increasing dosages, respiratory depression reaches a ceiling effect, (approximately 30 mg/70 kg),' 6 unlike the reaction that occurs with morphine and meperidine that increase respiratory depression with increasing dosages. 7 For these reasons, we will focus on the relative merits of nalbuphine in a balanced anesthesia technique for outpatient surgery.
Hierarchical Gating Networks for Sequential Recommendation (2019)

The chronological order of user-item interactions is a key feature in many recommender systems, where the items that users will interact may largely depend on those items that users just accessed recently. However, with the tremendous increase of users and items, sequential recommender systems still face several challenging problems: (1) the hardness of modeling the long-term user interests from sparse implicit feedback; (2) the difficulty of capturing the short-term user interests given several items the user just accessed. To cope with these challenges, we propose a hierarchical gating network (HGN), integrated with the Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) to capture both the long-term and short-term user interests. Our HGN consists of a feature gating module, an instance gating module, and an item-item product module. In particular, our feature gating and instance gating modules select what item features can be passed to the downstream layers from the feature and instance levels, respectively. Our item-item product module explicitly captures the item relations between the items that users accessed in the past and those items users will access in the future. We extensively evaluate our model with several state-of-the-art methods and different validation metrics on five real-world datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our model on Top-N sequential recommendation.
PRISMA/DB: a parallel, main memory relational DBMS (1992)

PRISMA/DB, a full-fledged parallel, main memory relational database management system (DBMS) is described. PRISMA/DB's high performance is obtained by the use of parallelism for query processing and main memory storage of the entire database. A flexible architecture for experimenting with functionality and performance is obtained using a modular implementation of the system in an object-oriented programming language. The design and implementation of PRISMA/DB are described in detail. A performance evaluation of the system shows that the system is comparable to other state-of-the-art database machines. The prototype implementation of the system runs on a 100-node parallel multiprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electronic Commerce on the internet — Part 2 (1998)

Electronic Commerce is in one sense nothing new. In the UK for many years, electronic document interchange (EDI) has been used in logistics management. EDI relies upon three things: a managed data network; an electronic document interchange agreement between the supplier and those who seek to contract with them; and a protocol for exchange of messages.
Targeted drug delivery (1999)

Creating effective targeted drug delivery strategies is an integral component of the overall process of drug development. The four key requirements of an effective drug delivery system are retain, evade, target and release. Increasing the therapeutic index (TI) of a delivered compound by selectively delivering it to target areas is a goal that has many obstacles. Some of these concerns have been addressed by recent developments in areas such as liposomes, prodrugs, external targeting, controlled gene expression and antibodies. An analysis of some of the relevant inventions is discussed below. In order to present these inventions in a new light, materials science and engineering approaches have been used to examine the patents and help discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Patents concerning the manipulation of genes and proteins are at the core of this research and are an integral part of its future. Very specific targeting is possible when working at this level. The most exciting developments combine targeting strategies for delivery systems with many layers of specificity, increasing their targeting potential. It is also important to understand (and possibly exploit) the area to which a delivery system is being targeted and to learn from nature’s own delivery systems. Examples of these systems, including the red blood cell, the neutrophil and the secretory granule, are discussed using a materials engineering approach. This analysis reveals numerous characteristics that nature has designed into its delivery systems, and how these are important when creating man-made products. Working with these kinds of ideas, a true ‘magic bullet’ may be discovered.
A microwave noncontact identification transponder using subharmonic interrogation (1995)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a novel microwave radio (RF/ID) transponder that has been developed for remote identification of personnel and articles, such as in "wireless key" entry systems. Based on a subharmonically pumped quasi-optical mixer, the transponder is activated by a C-band interrogation beam to upconvert and radiate a digitally modulated identification tone at two X-band frequencies. These response signals are nonharmonically related to the interrogation signal. The frequency conversion process is analyzed using a Volterra series model that includes the effects of self-bias current, coupled with a scattering metric that is directly useful in radio link calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alpha‐adrenoceptors in equine digital veins: Evidence for the presence of both alpha<sub>1</sub> and alpha<sub>2</sub>‐receptors mediating vasoconstriction (1997)

Rings of equine digital vein examined under conditions of isometric tension recording constricted to alpha-adrenoceptor agonists with an order of potency of 5-bromo-6-[2-imidazolin-2-yl-amino]-quinoxaline bitartrate (UK 14304) = noradrenaline > 6-Allyl-2-amino-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo-(4,5-d) azepine (BHT-920) > phenylephrine > dopamine > methoxamine. The maximum force generated was greatest for the non-selective agonist noradrenaline and lowest for the alpha2-selective agonist BHT-920 with the other agonists between these two extremes. Selective inactivation of alpha1-adrenoceptors (achieved by treating yohimbine-protected tissues with phenoxybenzamine) reduced the maximum responses of all agonists, the EC50 values of UK 14304, BHT-920 and noradrenaline and increased the EC50 values of phenylephrine and methoxamine. Prazosin (30 nM) had no inhibitory effect on responses to low concentrations of BHT-920 and UK 14304 and caused competitive inhibition of responses to phenylephrine and noradrenaline giving pKb values of 8.49 +/- 0.18 and 8.23 +/- 0.14, respectively. Yohimbine (0.1 microM) caused significant competitive inhibition of responses to BHT-920 and noradrenaline with calculated pKb values of 8.43 +/- 0.11 for BHT-920 and 7.43 +/- 0.31 for noradrenaline and non-competitive inhibition of responses to UK 14304. 2-[2-methoxy-1,4-benzodioxan-2-yl]-2-imidazoline (RX 821002; 10 nM) caused competitive inhibition of responses to BHT-920 (pKb 9.04 +/- 0.27) and dopamine (pKb 8.2 +/- 0.2). These data indicate that equine digital veins possess both post-synaptic alpha1 and alpha2-adrenoceptors.
PFPE, A Unique Lubricant for a Unique Application (1998)

Abstract: PFPE (Perfluoropolyether) is a clear colorless fluorinated synthetic oil that is nonreactive, nonflammable, safe in chemical and oxygen service, and is long lasting. PFPE grease is made by mixing different types of non-soap thickeners with the PFPE base oil. This paper highlights the unique properties (physical and chemical) of the PFPE as well as its unique application in areas where other lubricants are deficient. This paper includes methods of applying PFPE in oil and grease form, manufacturing of PFPE, and the benefits of using PFPE lubricants. Also, it includes a general overview of a hybrid grease--a grease suitable for less severe applications than PFPE yet superior to conventional greases produced by combining fluorinated greases with mineral/synthetic oils. Key Words: Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); X-ray fluorescence (XRF), synthetic lubricant; lubricant degradation; lubricant properties, grease plating; vacuum impregnating, hybrid greases. Introduction: PFPE, also called perfluoroalkylether (PFAE), or perfluoropolyalkylether (PFPAE), oils and oil-based greases are being used with an increasing frequency in
Classifying ellipsis in dialogue (2004)

This paper presents a machine learning approach to bare sluice disambiguation in dialogue. We extract a set of heuristic principles from a corpus-based sample and formulate them as probabilistic Horn clauses. We then use the predicates of such clauses to create a set of domain independent features to annotate an input dataset, and run two different machine learning algorithms: SLIPPER, a rule-based learning algorithm, and TiMBL, a memory-based system. Both learners perform well, yielding similar success rates of approx 90%. The results show that the features in terms of which we formulate our heuristic principles have significant predictive power, and that rules that closely resemble our Horn clauses can be learnt automatically from these features.
On the complexity of omega -automata (1988)

Automata on infinite words were introduced by J.R. Buchi (1962) in order to give a decision procedure for S1S, the monadic second-order theory of one successor. D.E. Muller (1963) suggested deterministic omega -automata as a means of describing the behavior of nonstabilising circuits. R. McNaughton (1966) proved that classes of languages accepted by nondeterministic Buchi automata and by deterministic Muller automata are the same. His construction and its proof are quite complicated, and the blow-up of the construction is double exponential. The author presents a determinisation construction that is simpler and yields a single exponent upper bound for the general case. This construction is essentially optimal. It can also be used to obtain an improved complementation construction for Buchi automata that is also optimal. Both constructions can be used to improve the complexity of decision procedures that use automata-theoretic techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxidative stress and regulation of glutathione in lung inflammation (2000)

Inflammatory lung diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation and oxidant/antioxidant imbalance, a major cause of cell damage. The development of an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in lung inflammation may activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor-KB, and activator protein-1 (AP-1), which regulate the genes for pro-inflammatory mediators and protective antioxidant genes. Glutathione (GSH), a ubiquitous tripeptide thiol, is a vital intra- and extracellular protective antioxidant against oxidative/nitrosative stresses, which plays a key role in the control of pro-inflammatory processes in the lungs. Recent findings have suggested that GSH is important in immune modulation, remodelling of the extracellular matrix, apoptosis and mitochondrial respiration. The rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis is gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS). The human gamma-GCS heavy and light subunits are regulated by AP-1 and antioxidant response elements and are modulated by oxidants, phenolic antioxidants, growth factors, and inflammatory and anti-inflammatory agents in lung cells. Alterations in alveolar and lung GSH metabolism are widely recognized as a central feature of many inflammatory lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis and asthma. The imbalance and/or genetic variation in antioxidant gamma-GCS and pro-inflammatory versus antioxidant genes in response to oxidative stress and inflammation in some individuals may render them more susceptible to lung inflammation. Knowledge of the mechanisms of GSH regulation and balance between the release and expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators could lead to the development of novel therapies based on the pharmacological manipulation of the production as well as gene transfer of this important antioxidant in lung inflammation and injury. This review describes the redox control and involvement of nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 in the regulation of cellular glutathione and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase under conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation, the role of glutathione in oxidant-mediated susceptibility/tolerance, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase genetic susceptibility and the potential therapeutic role of glutathione and its precursors in protecting against lung oxidant stress, inflammation and injury.
HilD-mediated transcriptional cross-talk between SPI-1 and SPI-2 (2008)

The acquisition of new genetic traits by horizontal gene transfer and their incorporation into preexisting regulatory networks have been essential events in the evolution of bacterial pathogens. An example of successful assimilation of virulence traits is Salmonella enterica, which acquired, at distinct evolutionary times, Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1), required for efficient invasion of the intestinal epithelium and intestinal disease, and SPI-2, essential for Salmonella replication and survival within macrophages and the progression of a systemic infection. A positive regulatory cascade mainly composed of HilD, HilA, and InvF, encoded in SPI-1, controls the expression of SPI-1 genes, whereas the two-component regulatory system SsrA/B, encoded in SPI-2, controls expression of SPI-2 genes. In this study, we report a previously undescribed transcriptional cross-talk between SPI-1 and SPI-2, where the SPI-1-encoded regulator HilD is essential for the activation of both the SPI-1 and SPI-2 regulons but at different times during the stationary phase of growth in Luria-Bertani medium. Our data indicate that HilD counteracts the H-NS-mediated repression exerted on the OmpR-dependent activation of the ssrAB operon by specifically interacting with its regulatory region. In contrast, HilD is not required for SPI-2 regulon expression under the in vitro growth conditions that are thought to resemble the intracellular environment. Our results suggest that two independent SPI-2 activation pathways evolved to take advantage of the SPI-2-encoded information at different niches and, in consequence, in response to different growth conditions.