gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transgenic wheat expressing a barley class II chitinase gene has enhanced resistance against Fusarium graminearum (2008)

Fusarium head blight (FHB; scab), primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. FHB causes yield reductions and contamination of grains with trichothecene mycotoxins such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The genetic variation in existing wheat germplasm pools for FHB resistance is low and may not provide sufficient resistance to develop cultivars through traditional breeding approaches. Thus, genetic engineering provides an additional approach to enhance FHB resistance. The objectives of this study were to develop transgenic wheat expressing a barley class II chitinase and to test the transgenic lines against F. graminearum infection under greenhouse and field conditions. A barley class II chitinase gene was introduced into the spring wheat cultivar, Bobwhite, by biolistic bombardment. Seven transgenic lines were identified that expressed the chitinase transgene and exhibited enhanced Type II resistance in the greenhouse evaluations. These seven transgenic lines were tested under field conditions for percentage FHB severity, percentage visually scabby kernels (VSK), and DON accumulation. Two lines (C8 and C17) that exhibited high chitinase protein levels also showed reduced FHB severity and VSK compared to Bobwhite. One of the lines (C8) also exhibited reduced DON concentration compared with Bobwhite. These results showed that transgenic wheat expressing a barley class II chitinase exhibited enhanced resistance against F. graminearum in greenhouse and field conditions.
Genetics and epidemiology of ataxia-telangiectasia. (1985)

According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, the frequency in the general population of heterozygous carriers of a gene causing an autosomal recessive syndrome in homozygotes is likely to be between 0.1% and 5%. It is thus important to know whether carriers of the AT gene have a risk of cancer or diabetes greater than comparable noncarriers. A retrospective study of blood relatives in 26 AT families, and follow-up of the obligatory heterozygotes in those families, demonstrated an excess of diabetes, deaths from cancer, and deaths from ischemic heart disease among obligatory or probable AT heterozygotes. Hypotheses about the disease-predisposing effects of the AT gene in the heterozygote are now being reexamined, retrospectively and prospectively, in almost 150 newly identified AT families. Specific tests for the AT gene will permit even more rigorous tests of these hypotheses.
Plasticity of airway cell proliferation and gene expression after acute naphthalene injury (1995)

The goal of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial sequence of events that accompany lung injury and repair after parenteral administration of the Clara cell-specific cytotoxicant, naphthalene. Changes in airway epithelial cells were evaluated by measuring alterations in the expression of markers for differentiated Clara cells (CYPIIF and Clara cell 10-kDa secretory protein, CC10), distal airway/alveolar type II cells (surfactant protein B; SP-B) and for cycling/proliferating cells (cyclin dependent kinase 1;CDK1). Naphthalene-induced Clara cell cytotoxicity resulted in the exfoliation of epithelial cells containing CC10 protein. This was accompanied by a dramatic reduction in the abundance of mRNA for CC10 and CYPIIF. Large numbers of CDK1 mRNA-positive cells were identified in and around bronchioles and terminal bronchioles 48 h after treatment. This cellular proliferation resulted in the population of airways by immature epithelial cells lacking normal levels of CC10 mRNA but overexpressing SP-B mRNA. Seventy-two hours after naphthalene treatment a reduction in CDK1 mRNA-positive cells was noted within bronchioles and terminal bronchioles at all locations, with the exception of airway bifurcations. At airway bifurcations CDK1 mRNA appeared to be more abundant at the 72-h time point than at 48 h. Comparison of these sections with serial sections probed for CC10 mRNA demonstrated a correlation between the expression of CDK1 and CC10 mRNA at bifurcations. Temporal increases in the abundance of CC10 mRNA observed at later time points were largely accounted for by the processive maturation of newly repopulated cells neighboring bifurcations in bronchioles. These studies identify spatially distinct populations of cells that act in concert to repopulate naphthalene-injured airways and support the notion that branch point cells play an important role in the maturation of newly regenerated airway epithelial cells after acute injury.
The Construction of Thermo-couples by Electro-deposition (1919)

The method, which was devised to overcome the difficulty of making satisfactory soldered joints between the elements of thermopiles having a large number of closely packed junctions, consists in using a continuous wire of one of the elements and coating those parts of it which have to form the other element with an electrolytic deposit of another metal. If the conductivity of the latter is considerably greater than of the former, and a fairly thick sheath is deposited, a thermo-couple is produced which is not appreciably impaired in efficiency by the short-circuiting effect of the core. Constantan wires coated with either copper or silver sheaths were found to be suitable for most purposes.
A high resolution direction-of-arrival algorithm for narrow-band coherent and incoherent sources (1988)

A high-resolution algorithm is presented for solving the general multiple-source location problem. The incident energy sources may be a mixture of incoherent, partially coherent, or coherent narrowband plane waves, and the array's geometry is unrestricted. A procedure is first developed that tests for the presence of coherent sources. If no coherent sources are detected, this procedure provides the azimuth and elevation angles associated with the incident sources. When a subset of the sources are found to be coherent, however, an iterative method is then given for solving a nonlinear relationship that provides the required source azimuth-elevation angle estimates. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the improved performance achieved by this new approach relative to that obtained with MUSIC for incoherent sources and spatial smoothed MUSIC for coherent sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low complexity layered space-frequency scheme for MIMO-CDMA system (2005)

In this paper, we investigate the downlink of single carrier MIMO-CDMA system over frequency selective channels. Our low complexity layered space frequency (LSF) scheme is to combine the frequency domain equalization with successive interference cancellation (SIC). In this scheme, the overlap-cut method, which can be applied to the existing single carrier air interfaces directly, takes the place of the well-known cyclic-prefix method. It is shown that our proposed scheme is superior to the conventional time domain ones.
Reversing B cell aging (2011)

Age-related alterations in the cellular composition of the B lineage are a major cause of the poor antibody response to vaccination and to infectious agents among the elderly population. The mechanisms leading to these changes are poorly understood. Recently, we have shown that these changes reflect, at least in part, homeostatic pressures imposed by long-lived B cells that accumulate with aging, and that aging in the B lineage can be reversed upon alteration of B cell homeostasis by depletion. Here we discuss homeostatic causes for B lineage immunosenescence, and the potential for its rejuvenation.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers (1999)

Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tucson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University Heart Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
<title>Solution of fractal equation</title> (1995)

In this paper, we will first briefly review fractal equations. Then we will present a greedy algorithm for solving encoding equations of class 2 fractals. The idea is to represent images in terms of blocks in a similar way as JPEG. The DCT in JPEG is replaced by fractal transformation. Image compression ratios for various selections of block size and parameter space are calculated.
Intranet User-Level Security Traffic Management with Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Insider threats gradually exert great influence in cy-bersecurity, causing a significant loss to organizations or companies. However, whatever the form of the threat is, insiders have to conduct the unauthorized activities through the communication traffic, such as controlling the victim systems and unauthorizedly requesting the resources. Moreover, as one of the most fundamental intranet resources, bandwidth is frequently targeted by insider attackers for sabotage to traffic communication and service delivery of the network. In this paper, we present a user-level full-lifecycle security management scheme for intranet traffic from anomaly detection to mitigation execution in an online manner. This scheme dynamically monitors abnormal users that deviate from normal behavior patterns through bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (bi-GRU) based online unsupervised log parser, then adaptively adjusts the traffic scheduling policy according to the adequate consideration of network security, network performance and user requirements by using deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) method for online decision-making. Extensive experimental evaluations show that our scheme can stably maintain the high performance of traffic scheduling and effectively mitigate multifarious traffic threats. Our work is a valuable step towards designing self-adaptive intranets that learn to enhance security management by themselves with high scalability and deployability.
Monitoring After the Acute Stage of Stroke (2007)

A high percentage of patients can develop both MC and NMC during this subacute stage of stroke. The occurrence of complications influences outcome and raises the question about the need for a prolonged stay in a dedicated ward for patients with stroke.
Clinical and Prognostic Usefulness of Supine Bicycle Exercise Echocardiography in the Functional Evaluation of Patients Undergoing Elective Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (1997)

SBEE is a safe and reliable tool to demonstrate changes in exercise-induced wall-motion abnormalities after PTCA and provides prognostic information in the risk assessment of clinical restenosis.
Simplified technique without skin flap for the bone-anchored hearing aid (BAHA) implant. (2008)

Aim of this report is to present a new surgical technique for the BAHA system implant and to discuss the operational techniques and complications related to this type of surgery. The common technique for the positioning of the Bone-Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA, Cochlear Limited, Englewood, CO, USA) titanium implant into the temporal bone is based on the use of either a free or a pedunculated skin flap. Reported complications of this type of surgery include skin flap necrosis with healing by second intention, infection of the flap, skin growth over the abutment, failure of osseointegration and implant extrusion. In order to reduce the incidence of these problems, different types of surgery have already been presented over the years. Herewith, a new technique is proposed for implanting a BAHA screw in the temporal bone, that is simple, rapid to perform, and does not require the use of a flap. This technique appears to offer two main advantages: i) the speeding up of the procedure; ii) the low risk of complications, such as infection and necrosis, within the skin surrounding the implant.
The switch between EBV latency and replication. (1989)

This paper reviews experiments done in the author's laboratory which led to the discovery of an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) gene, BZLF1, whose product, ZEBRA, switches the virus from latency to the replicative phase of its life cycle. Recent experiments are summarized which explore the effects of EBV genome rearrangements and cell background on the expression of ZEBRA, and which investigate the viral targets of ZEBRA action.
Optimal Transit Route Network Design Problem with Variable Transit Demand: Genetic Algorithm Approach (2005)

This paper uses a genetic algorithm to systematically examine the underlying characteristics of the optimal bus transit route network design problem (BTRNDP) with variable transit demand. A multiobjective nonlinear mixed integer model is formulated for the BTRNDP. The proposed solution framework consists of three main components: an initial candidate route set generation procedure (ICRSGP) that generates all feasible routes incorporating practical bus transit industry guidelines; and a network analysis procedure (NAP) that decides transit demand matrix, assigns transit trips, determines service frequencies, and computes performance measures; and a genetic algorithm procedure (GAP) that combines these two parts, guides the candidate solution generation process, and selects an optimal set of routes from the huge solution space. A C++ program code is developed to implement the proposed solution methodology for the BTRNDP with variable transit demand. An example network is successfully tested as a pilot study. Sensitivity analyses are performed. Comprehensive characteristics underlying the BTRNDP, including the effect of route set size, the effect of demand aggregation, and the redesign of the existing transit network issue, are also presented.
Shape‐ and Chemical Feature‐Based 3D‐Pharmacophore Model Generation and Virtual Screening: Identification of Potential Leads for <i>P. falciparum</i> DHFR Enzyme Inhibition (2009)

Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pf DHFR) enzyme is one of the validated targets in the treatment of malaria using typical antifolates such as cycloguanil and pyrimethamine. However, point mutations at amino acid residues such as Ala16, Ile51, Cys59, Ser108 and Ile164 in the active site of the wild-type enzyme resulted in a widespread resistance of the parasite to these drugs. Thus, design and discovery of new potential Pf DHFR inhibitors, equally active against both the wild-type and mutant strains, is an urgent need. Catalyst software was used to generate a 3D pharmacophore query based on the bioactive conformation of WR99210 extracted from the X-ray crystal structure of quadruple mutant PfDHFR enzyme. Validation criteria based on the experimentally determined conformation of WR99210 and its key interactions with the protein were considered to identify hits from two chemical databases, namely, NCI2000 and Maybridge2004 using different virtual filters. Virtual screening based on FlexX, GOLD and Glide docking programs resulted in a total of 73 hits. The hits reported in this article showed good potential to be inhibitors of the above Pf DHFRs based on their (i) best-fit values (ii) binding scores (iii) binding modes and (iv) interactions with the key amino acid residues (Asp54, Ileu/Leu164, Asn/Ser108 and Ile14).
Domain Adaptation under Target and Conditional Shift (2013)

Let X denote the feature and Y the target. We consider domain adaptation under three possible scenarios: (1) the marginal PY changes, while the conditional PX|Y stays the same (target shift), (2) the marginal PY is fixed, while the conditional PX|Y changes with certain constraints (conditional shift), and (3) the marginal PY changes, and the conditional PX|Y changes with constraints (generalized target shift). Using background knowledge, causal interpretations allow us to determine the correct situation for a problem at hand. We exploit importance reweighting or sample transformation to find the learning machine that works well on test data, and propose to estimate the weights or transformations by reweighting or transforming training data to reproduce the covariate distribution on the test domain. Thanks to kernel embedding of conditional as well as marginal distributions, the proposed approaches avoid distribution estimation, and are applicable for high-dimensional problems. Numerical evaluations on synthetic and realworld data sets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. 1.
A Pseudomonas aeruginosa alginate-exotoxin A conjugate that elicits anti-alginate and exotoxin A-neutralizing antibodies (1991)

Pseudomonas auruginosa alginate was covalently coupled to exotoxin A by reductive amination using adipic acid dihydrazide as spacer. The conjugate was composed of 25% alginate and 75% exotoxin A and possessed an average molecular mass higher than 700 kDa as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The conjugate had virtually no ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and a reduced cytotoxity for TSA8 murine cells, derived from Friend erythroleukemia cells, as indicated by a > 50-fold increased LD50. Anti-conjugate antibodies recognized exotoxin A and alginate. A booster injection resulted in markedly increased antibody ELISA titers to both exotoxin A and alginate. The antibodies neutralized the exotoxin A toxicity.
Smart College System using IoT BLE Beacons (2017)

The traditional systems does marking of attendance, handling lectures by paper signing pattern which disturbs the concentration of students but on research, proposedidea does task like automated marking attendance by use of BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Eddystone beacons and the involves usage of automated tools like Selenium which will be reducing the paper work and error like proxy, missing attendance. The system also gives the idea about many events and programs by advertising their details and providing details of examinations in the college campus on reaching the place so system alerts the students if the lecture starts and they are outside the classroom. For making better decisions and keeping eye on everyone and to save students time and reduce their disturbance in lectures. It is using -concept of proximity analysis solution using BLE 4.0Technology which results to digitizing college activities and reduction of disturbance in concentration and also reduction in workload of staff for attendance manipulation and other activities, we can make use of this proposed technology using BLE 4.0 beacons. This system solves all the problem occurred in college indoor area. The previous system uses more hardware device for college activities like marking attendance, managing events and instructing for exam location which takes a long time for all the students to do that type of work.
Computation, cognition, and representation (1980)

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Pseudomorphic Transformation of Porous Glasses into Micelle‐Templated Silica (2017)

Abstract Micelle‐templated silica (MTS)‐composites with flexible macroscopic shape, monomodal or bimodal (hierarchical) pore structure, and high mechanical stability can be prepared by partial or complete pseudomorphic transformation of porous glasses (PG). The state of research concerning synthesis, transformation mechanism, characterization, and application of MTS/PG‐composites is reviewed and the investigation of the transformation products by 129 Xe NMR spectroscopy and the direct synthesis of Al‐MCM‐41/PG‐composites are introduced. Finally, several approaches like a double‐templating strategy for pore protection is shown.
Oxytocin and vasopressin in rat hypophysial portal blood: experimental studies in normal and Brattleboro rats (1985)

Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (VP) were measured by radioimmunoassay in hypophysial portal and peripheral blood from male Wistar rats and heterozygous and homozygous Brattleboro rats anaesthetized with urethane. In Wistar rats the concentrations of OT and VP were about 50 times greater than the concentrations in peripheral blood, whether or not the pituitary gland was left in situ during collection, and also considerably greater than the reported concentrations of the peptides in the cerebrospinal fluid. The release of both peptides was increased significantly by a lesion of the supraoptico-hypophysial tract that led to diabetes insipidus, but which left intact the external layer of the median eminence (ME). Concentrations of VP were undetectable in plasma from homozygous Brattleboro rats, but the portal plasma concentrations of VP in heterozygous Brattleboro rats were not significantly lower than in Wistar rats. The concentrations of OT in portal plasma from both types of Brattleboro rat were significantly higher than in Wistar rats. The output of VP and OT into hypophysial portal blood of Wistar rats was not significantly affected by electrical stimulation of the suprachiasmatic, supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei or the ME using two types of stimuli, one of which produced an increase in peripheral plasma concentrations of VP and OT in intact rats and a significant increase in the release of LH-releasing hormone into hypophysial portal blood. The output of VP and OT into portal blood was also not significantly affected by either adrenalectomy with or without injection of dexamethasone or the injection of either the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) synthesis blocker, parachlorophenylalanine, or the 5-HT uptake blockers, alaproclate or zimelidine. These results show that large amounts of OT as well as VP are released into hypophysial portal blood from fibres of the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system that terminate in the external layer of the ME. Although distinct from the fibres that terminate in the pars nervosa (PN), the findings in Brattleboro rats show that the VP fibres of the ME system originate in neurones with a genomic mechanism for VP synthesis similar to that of the VP neurones that project to the PN. The lack of effect of adrenalectomy and the administration of 5-HT synthesis and uptake blockers must be interpreted with caution since the results obtained with electrical stimulation suggest that when the pituitary stalk is cut the release of OT and VP into portal blood approaches a maximum and may therefore be difficult to alter by experimental manipulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Optimal shape design of three-dimensional MEMS with applications to electrostatic comb drives (1999)

A comb drive is one of the most important microactuators in Microelectromechanical (MEM) systems. In a standard comb drive, the capacitance varies linearly with displacement, resulting in an electrostatic driving force which is independent of the position of the moving fingers (relative to the fixed ones) except at the ends of the range of travel. It is of interest in some applications to have force profiles such as linear, quadratic or cubic. Such shaped comb drives could be useful, for example, for electrostatic tuning or to get actuators with longer ranges of travel than those of standard comb drives. This paper presents a methodology for solving three-dimensional design (inverse) problems in MEM systems. Design of variable shape comb drives (shape motors) is presented as an application of the general methodology. It addresses issues of simulation, sensitivity analysis and then design of three-dimensional comb drives. Direct simulation is carried out by the exterior, indirect boundary element method and shape sensitivities are obtained by the direct differentiation approach. The inverse problem determines the height profile of the moving fingers of a comb drive such that the driving force is a desired function of its travel distance. An available optimization code (‘E04UCF’ from the NAG package) is used to solve the inverse problem. Numerical results are presented for shape motors that produce linear or cubic force profiles as functions of travel of the moving fingers. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.