gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrospray collision-induced dissociation of testosterone and testosterone hydroxy analogs (1999)

Complications with the gas chromatographic analysis of steroids prompted the use of alternative techniques for their identification. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry with atmospheric pressure ionization allowed the collection of data for structural identification of these compounds. The objective of this study was to investigate the up-front collision-induced dissociation (UFCID) electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectra of testosterone and monohydroxylated testosterones. The positive ion UFCID ESI mass spectrum of testosterone showed three significant ions at m/z 97, 109 and 123. The relative abundance of these ions in the UFCID ESI mass spectra of monohydroxylated testosterones varied with the position of the hydroxy group. Statistical data allowed the prediction of hydroxy group position on testosterone by evaluation of the relative abundance of the m/z 97, 109, 121 and 123 ions. Data from the ESI mass spectral analysis of testosterone in a deuterated solvent and from the analysis of cholestenone and 4-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol indicated that the initial ionization of testosterone occurred at the 3-one position. CID parent ion monitoring analyses of the m/z 97, 109 and 123 ions indicated that each resulted from different fragmentation mechanisms and originated directly from the [M + H]+ parent ion. The elemental composition of these fragment ions is proposed based on evidence gathered from the CID analysis of the pseudo-molecular ions of [1,2-2H2]-, [2,2,4,6,6-2H5]-, [6,7-2H2]-, [7-2H]-, [19,19,19-2H3]- and [3,4-13C2]testosterone. The structure and a possible mechanism of formation of the m/z 109 and 123 ions is presented. The results of this study advance the understanding of the mechanisms of collision-induced fragmentation of ions.
Role of Insulin, Adipocyte Hormones, and Nutrient-Sensing Pathways in Regulating Fuel Metabolism and Energy Homeostasis: A Nutritional Perspective of Diabetes, Obesity, and Cancer (2006)

Traditionally, nutrients such as glucose and amino acids have been viewed as substrates for the generation of high-energy molecules and as precursors for the biosynthesis of macromolecules. However, it is now apparent that nutrients also function as signaling molecules in functionally diverse signal transduction pathways. Glucose and amino acids trigger signaling cascades that regulate various aspects of fuel and energy metabolism and control the growth, proliferation, and survival of cells. Here, we provide a functional and regulatory overview of three well-established nutrient signaling pathways-the hexosamine signaling pathway, the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway, and the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway. Nutrient signaling pathways are interconnected, coupled to insulin signaling, and linked to the release of metabolic hormones from adipose tissue. Thus, nutrient signaling pathways do not function in isolation. Rather, they appear to serve as components of a larger "metabolic regulatory network" that controls fuel and energy metabolism (at the cell, tissue, and whole-body levels) and links nutrient availability with cell growth and proliferation. Understanding the diverse roles of nutrients and delineating nutrient signaling pathways should facilitate drug discovery research and the search for novel therapeutic compounds to prevent and treat various human diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
A Collaborative Approach to the Simultaneous Multi-joint Control of a Prosthetic Arm (2015)

We have developed a real-time machine learning approach for the collaborative control of a prosthetic arm. Upper-limb amputees are often extremely limited in the number of inputs they can provide to their prosthetic device, typically controlling only one joint at a time with the ability to toggle their control between the different joints of their prosthesis. Many users therefore consider the control of modern prostheses to be laborious and non-intuitive. To address these difficulties, we have developed a method called Direct Predictive Collaborative Control that uses a reinforcement learning technique known as general value functions to make temporally extended predictions about a user's behavior. These predictions are directly mapped to the control of unattended actuators to produce movement synergies. We evaluate our method during the myoelectric control of a multi-joint robot arm and show that it improves a user's ability to perform coordinated movement tasks. Additionally, we show that this method learns directly from a user's behavior and can be used without the need for a separate or pre-specified training environment. Our approach learns coordinated movements in real time, during a user's ongoing, uninterrupted use of a device. While this paper is specifically focused on the control of prosthetic arms, there are many human-machine interface problems where the number of controllable functions exceeds the number of functions a user can attend to at any given moment. Our approach may therefore benefit other domains where a human and an assistive device must coordinate their efforts to achieve a goal.
The effect of temperature and humidity on the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes spores on human stratum corneum in vitro (1976)

Journal Article The effect of temperature and humidity on the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes spores on human stratum corneum in vitro Get access ARTHUR G. KNIGHT ARTHUR G. KNIGHT St Johns Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, Lisle Street, Leicester Square, London WC2H 7BJ Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Volume 1, Issue 2, 1 June 1976, Pages 159–162, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1976.tb01411.x Published: 01 June 1976 Article history Accepted: 29 December 1975 Published: 01 June 1976
Exploring trade-offs in buffer requirements and throughput constraints for synchronous dataflow graphs (2006)

Multimedia applications usually have throughput constraints. An implementation must meet these constraints, while it minimizes resource usage and energy consumption. The compute intensive kernels of these applications are often specified as Synchronous Dataflow Graphs. Communication between nodes in these graphs requires storage space which influences throughput. We present exact techniques to chart the Pareto space of throughput and storage trade-offs, which can be used to determine the minimal storage space needed to execute a graph under a given throughput constraint. The feasibility of the approach is demonstrated with a number of examples.
Computational Processing of Korean Dialogue and the Construction of Its Representation Structure Based on Situational Information (2002)

한국어대화에서는 존대현상(honorification phenomenon)이 일어나기도 하고, 존대대명사(honorific pronoun)가 사용되기도 하며, 맥락상 되찾을 수 있으면 주어나 목적어가 완전히 생략되기도 한다. 이러한 특징적인 언어현상이 일어나는 한국어대화를 처리하고 그것의 표상구조를 만들기 위해서 대화참석자에 관한 정보, 발화문의 화행에 관한 정보. 대화에 관련된 사람들의 사회적 지위에 있어서의 상대적 순위에 관한 정보, 대화에 나타나는 발화문 사이의 정보흐름 등을 묵시적으로가 아니라 명시적으로 표시하고 이용할 것을 본 논문은 제안한다. 또한. 본 논문은 이러한 상황정보(situational information)를 표시하고 이용하는 방법과 한국어대화의 적절한 표상구조를 제시한다. 본 논문에서 한국어대화표상구조의 설정은 담화표상이론(Discourse Representation Theory)과 분할담화표상이론(Segmented Discourse Representation Theory)을 수정ㆍ확대하여 이루어진다. 나아가서, 본 논문은 한국어대화를 전산적으로 어떻게 처리하고 그것의 표상구조를 구축하는지를 프롤로그 프로그래밍 언어를 사용하여 보여주고 나서, 그러한 표상구조의 타당성을 알아보기 위해 자연발생적 한국어대화에도 적용시켜 본다. In Korean dialogue honorification phenomenon may occur, an honorific pronoun may be used, and a subject or an object may be completely omitted when it can be recovered based on context. This paper proposes that in order to process Korean dialogue in which such distinct linguistic phenomena occur and to construct its representation structure we mark and use the following information explicitly, not implicitly : information about dialogue participants, information about the speech act of an utterance, information about the relative order of social status for the people involved in dialogue, and information flow among utterances of dialogue. In addition, this paper presents a method of marking and using such situational information and an appropriate representation structure of Korean dialogue. In this paper we set up Korean dialogue representation structure by modifying and extending DRT (Discourse Representation Theory) and SDRT (Segmented Discourse Representation Theory). Futhermore, this paper shows how to process Korean dialogue computationally and construct its representation structure by using Prolog programming language, and then applies such representation structure to spontaneous Korean dialogue to know its validity.
The 'Higher Duty' Excuse (1968)

Journal Article The 'higher duty' excuse Get access George B. Thomas George B. Thomas University of Virgina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Analysis, Volume 29, Issue 1, October 1968, Pages 22–25, https://doi.org/10.1093/analys/29.1.22 Published: 01 October 1968
ARAS Human Activity Datasets in Multiple Homes with Multiple Residents (2013)

The real world human activity datasets are of great importance in development of novel machine learning methods for automatic recognition of human activities in smart environments. In this study, we present the details of ARAS (Activity Recogni- tion with Ambient Sensing) human activity recognit
Quorum sensing and bacterial biofilms (2010)

This review describes the chemistry of the bacterial biofilms including the chemistry of their constituents and signalling compounds that mediate or inhibit the formation of biofilms. Systems are described with special emphasis, in which quorum sensing molecules (autoinducers) trigger the formation of biofilms. In the first instance, N-acyl-L-homoserine lactones (AHLs) are the focus of this review, whereas the inter-species signal known as furanosyl borate diester and peptide autoinducers used by Gram-positive bacteria are not discussed in detail. Since the first discovery of an AHL autoinducer from Vibrio fischeri a large and further increasing number of different AHL structures from Gram-negative bacteria have been identified. This review gives a summary of all known AHL autoinducers and producing bacterial species. A few systems are discussed, where biofilm formation is suppressed by enzymatic degradation of AHL molecules or interference of secondary metabolites from other species with the quorum sensing systems of communicating bacteria. Finally, the multi-channel quorum sensing system, the intracellular downstream processing of the signal, and the resulting response of whole populations including biofilm formation are discussed for the Vibrio genus that has been extensively investigated.
Optimized Phase Noise of LC VCO Using an Asymmetrical Inductance Tank (2006)

This paper describes fully integrated low phase noise MMIC voltage controlled oscillators(VCOs). The Asymmetrical Inductance Tank VCO(AIT-VCO), which optimize the shortcoming of the previous tank's inductance optimization approach, has lower phase noise performance due to achieving higher equivalent parallel resistance and Q value of the tank. This VCO features an output power signal in the range of -11.53 ㏈m and a tuning range of 261 ㎒ or 15.2 % of its operating frequency. This VCO exhibits a phase noise of -117.3 ㏈c/㎐ at a frequency offset of 100 ㎑ from carrier. A phase noise reduction of 15 ㏈ was achieved relative to only one spiral inductor. The AIT-VCO achieved low very low figure of merit of -184.6 ㏈c/㎐. The die area, including buffers and bond pads, is 0.9×0.9 ㎟.
Robust Torque Control of Switched-Reluctance Motors Without a Shaft-Position Sensor (1986)

This paper describes a technique for stabilizing the operation of variable-reluctance stepping-motor drives operating without a shaft-position sensor. In such systems there is a trade-off between the system efficiency and the torque margin (or pull-out torque) which depends on the width of the phase conduction pulse width. The scheme described in the paper permits the motor to run in the steady state with both narrow conduction pulse widths and high efficiency. Under transient or overload conditions the conduction pulse width is increased in response to a change in the dc link current, providing an increase in available torque. Tests on a small motor drive have produced a steady-state torque margin of over 300 percent and of 200 percent under step-change conditions.
Yang-Lee zeros of one-dimensional quantum many-body systems (1999)

We obtain a generic formula for the distribution of Yang-Lee zeros of one-dimensional quantum many-body systems solvable by the Bethe ansatz and the Yang-Yang thermodynamic formalism. We find that the zeros are located on the negative real axis of the complex fugacity plane and thus prove that no phase transition occurs in these one-dimensional systems, as proved by others using different methods.
A Survey on Privacy Preserving Data Mining (2009)

Privacy preserving becomes an important issue in the development progress of data mining techniques. Privacy preserving data mining has become increasingly popular because it allows sharing of privacy-sensitive data for analysis purposes. So people have become increasingly unwilling to share their data, frequently resulting in individuals either refusing to share their data or providing incorrect data. In turn, such problems in data collection can affect the success of data mining, which relies on sufficient amounts of accurate data in order to produce meaningful results. In recent years, the wide availability of personal data has made the problem of privacy preserving data mining an important one. A number of methods have recently been proposed for privacy preserving data mining of multidimensional data records. This paper intends to reiterate several privacy preserving data mining technologies clearly and then proceeds to analyze the merits and shortcomings of these technologies.
‘A most efficient body of officers’: Surgeon superintendents and their responsibilities (2005)

From 1849, owners of British emigrant vessels carrying 300 or more passengers wherever they were bound, or every vessel crossing the tropics 'with more than fifty passengers and an anticipated voyage time exceeding eighty days under sail or forty-five with steam', were required by the Passenger Acts, to supply a surgeon. He was to be endowed with authority to enforce regulations necessary for the preservation of health. These revised provisions of the Passenger Acts had no jurisdiction over American-owned vessels, except when they carried emigrants to colonial destinations on vessels chartered on behalf of colonial governments. Under the Acts, authorities expected surgeons to 'exact obedience to rules and regulations made for preserving order and securing cleanliness and ventilation'.1 The Emigration Commission's instructions to surgeons, who were hired to superintend each government-chartered vessel from 1831, and official procedures as set down in each Charter Party, went much further than the Passenger Acts. The surgeons' performances were strictly scrutinised unlike those of their peers on private ships, although on the Australian route most private shippers of fare-paying steerage emigrants adopted the routines that had proven so successful on government-chartered ships.KeywordsEighteenth CenturyShipping CompanySlave TradeWhooping CoughWalnut ShellThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A 500-kHz Sferics Range Detector (1969)

The high probability of detecting physically limited sferics pulse energies during some part of the overall lightning process was used in the development of a narrow band receiver-detector range sensor. An rf amplifier and linear detector with a band-width of 4.8 kHz was used to monitor sferics at a frequency of 500 kHz. The detector was coupled to a peak-pulse measuring circuit which produced an output with a standard deviation equivalent to ±2600 m from slowly drifting thunderstorms ranging in distance from 2 to 274 km. A range calibration derived from 10-cm radar echo analysis was in agreement with published propagation data. At ranges <40 km, the calibration is nearly linear which suggests the radiation comes from high altitude discharges. At 10 km the peak field strength for sferics was calculated to be 3700 μV m−1.
[Neurologic manifestations in Ollier's disease]. (1991)

The authors describe a case of Ollier's syndrome which developed in a 31-year-old female patient. The patient manifested hypertrophy of osseous and soft tissues, deformity of the dorsum sellae and of the walls of the cavernous sinus and siphon of the internal carotid artery. In the clinical picture of the disease, one could see symptoms of the impairment of pairs III and VI of the craniocerebral nerves, pains due to the irritation of the first branch of nerve V.
THE REDUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF SULFUR BY METALS IN LIQUID AMMONIA (1955)

1. A systematic study of the reduction of organic sulfur compounds by different metals in liquid ammonia is reported for the first time. 2. A metal with a high half-cell potential favors a greater extent of reduction than a lower potential metal. 3. The greater the concentration of ammonium ion as a proton donor, the greater will be the evolution of hydrogen, and the lower will be the extent of reduction. 4. A mechanism for the reduction of organic sulfur compounds by metals in ammonia is presented. 5. A new procedure for the quantitative removal and determination of hydrogen sulfide in mercaptans was developed. 6. A new synthesis for allyl mercaptan was found. 7. The formation of a resin believed to be a thiophene polymer of the formula (C₄H₄S)<sub>x</sub> is reported.
Adsorption properties of insoluble hexacyanoferrates(II) supported on silica gel (1973)

A novel method of preparation of inorganic ion-exchangers based on insoluble hexacyanoferrates(II) supported on silica gel, their characteristics, and application to recovery of cesium from dilute nitric acid are described. (auth)
No Evidence of Association of <i>ENPP1</i> Variants With Type 2 Diabetes or Obesity in a Study of 8,089 U.K. Caucasians (2006)

Ectoenzyme nucleotide pyrophosphate phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) is an inhibitor of insulin-induced activation of the insulin receptor. There is strong evidence from several previous studies that a common coding variant of ENPP1 (K121Q) and a three-marker haplotype (Q121, IVS20delT-11, and G+1044TGA) are associated with type 2 diabetes and obesity. We examined the impact of ENPP1 variation on type 2 diabetes and obesity in a large U.K. genetic association study. We genotyped the three previously associated polymorphisms in 2,363 type 2 diabetic case and 4,045 control subjects, as well as 1,681 subjects from 529 type 2 diabetic families. We used the same subjects for morbid and moderate obesity association studies. For type 2 diabetes, moderate and morbid obesity, and for both the Q121 and three-marker haplotype, our results exclude with >95% confidence the effect sizes from previous studies (Q121 allele: odds ratio 1.02 [95% CI 0.93-1.12], P = 0.61; 1.00 [0.85-1.18], P = 0.99; and 0.92 [0.70-1.20], P = 0.41; three-marker haplotype: 1.10 [0.96-1.26], P = 0.17; 0.97 [0.77-1.23], P = 0.81; and 0.86 [0.57-1.30], P = 0.46 for type 2 diabetes, moderate, and morbid obesity, respectively). A K121Q type 2 diabetes meta-analysis of all previously published studies remained significant after the inclusion of this study (1.25 [1.10-1.43], P = 0.0007), although there was some evidence of publication bias. In conclusion, we find no evidence that previously associated variants of ENPP1 are associated with type 2 diabetes or obesity in the U.K. population.
Calcium Deficiency of Anthurium andreanum Lind. Spathes1 (1980)

Abstract Color breakdown of spathe tissue of anthurium, Anthurium andreanum Lind., exhibited typical calcium deficiency symptoms. Anatomical studies revealed cell separation and collapse in affected tissue. Cell separation may have resulted from instability of the middle lamella due to calcium deficiency. Calcium application in the field, either as nitrate or silicate, significantly reduced the incidence of the disorder.
Network data envelopment analysis를 적용한 생산 및 폐수처리 효율 추정 (2015)

투입·산출변수의 외생적 흐름에 기초한 전통적인 자료포락분석은 생산활동의 모든 내부과정을 ‘black box``로 간주하며 각 생산단계의 상호작용에 대한 정보를 고려하지 못한 한계를 지닌다. 이에 생산과정을 세분화하고 각 생산단계의 효율성을 연계하여 추정하는 Network DEA 방식이 최근 활발히 적용되고 있으며 특히 환경효율성의 추정과정을 생산 및 저감활동으로 구분한 연구가 대표적이다. 본고는 한국의 51개 산업단지를 대상으로 Network DEA에 기초한 환경효율성 추정을 시도하였으며, 분석결과 추정치의 변별력, 비효율의 발생단계, 기타 외생변수와의 통계적 관련성등의 관점에서 전통적 DEA 추정결과에 비해 우수한 점을 확인할 수 있었다.
Superconductivity in one dimension (2008)

Superconducting properties of metallic nanowires can be entirely different from those of bulk superconductors because of the dominating role played by thermal and quantum fluctuations of the order parameter. For superconducting wires with diameters below $ \sim 50$ nm quantum phase slippage is an important process which can yield a non-vanishing wire resistance down to very low temperatures. Further decrease of the wire diameter, for typical material parameters down to $\sim 10$ nm, results in proliferation of quantum phase slips causing a sharp crossover from superconducting to normal behavior even at T=0. A number of interesting phenomena associated both with quantum phase slips and with the parity effect occur in superconducting nanorings. We review recent theoretical and experimental activities in the field and demonstrate dramatic progress in understanding of the phenomenon of superconductivity in quasi-one-dimensional nanostructures.
Fine Structures and Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Chalky and Translucent Rice Kernels (2003)

This work compared the molecular structures and physicochemical properties of starches obtained from chalky and translucent kernels of six rice cultivars. Starch samples were prepared according to a modified alkali steeping method. Crystallinity, pasting characteristics, and thermal properties were studied by X-ray diffraction, rapid viscosity analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Starch molecular size fractions (amylopectin, amylose, and intermediate material) were estimated by high-performance size exclusion chromatography, and the chain length profiles of isoamylase-debranched amylopectin were evaluated by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Starches from chalky kernels contained less amylose (more amylopectin) and more short branch-chain amylopectin (less long branch-chain amylopectin) compared with the translucent kernel starches. Differences in starch structural features significantly correlated with observed variation in grain translucency, starch X-ray diffraction patterns, thermal properties, and pasting characteristics. Starch synthesis in chalky kernels may slightly favor glucan chain branching over chain elongation.
Tissue reaction to soft‐tissue anchored percutaneous implants in rabbits (1994)

This study reports on the soft-tissue response to titanium fiber mesh percutaneous implants. The implants were inserted in the backs of 15 rabbits. The surgical procedure was performed in two steps: implantation of the subcutaneous part of the implants and, after 3 months, fixation of the percutaneous part into the subcutaneous part. Two and 6 months after insertion the animals were sacrificed and the implants, with their surrounding tissues, were processed histologically. Light microscopic analysis demonstrated that only one implant showed considerable skin retraction in the percutaneous area. Around the rest of the implants no downgrowth or only a very limited epidermal downgrowth was observed. Furthermore, the fiber mesh material showed good biocompatible behavior. These results confirm the previous finding that sintered titanium fiberweb structures are effective for the stabilization of percutaneous devices located in soft tissues and can improve their performance.