gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxovirus (2000)

Newcastle disease (ND), caused by avian paramyxovirus serotype 1 (APMV-1) viruses, is included in List A of the Office International des Epizooties. Historically, ND has been a devastating disease of poultry, and in many countries the disease remains one of the major problems affecting existing or developing poultry industries. Even in countries where ND may be considered to be controlled, an economic burden is still associated with vaccination and/or maintaining strict biosecurity measures. The variable nature of Newcastle disease virus strains in terms of virulence for poultry and the different susceptibilities of the different species of birds mean that for control and trade purposes, ND requires careful definition. Confirmatory diagnosis of ND requires the isolation and characterisation of the virus involved. Assessments of virulence conventionally require in vivo testing. However, in vitro genetic characterisation of viruses is being used increasingly now that the molecular basis of pathogenicity is more fully understood. Control of ND is by prevention of introduction and spread, good biosecurity practices and/or vaccination. Newcastle disease viruses may infect humans, usually causing transient conjunctivitis, but human-to-human spread has never been reported. Eight other serotypes of avian paramyxoviruses are recognised, namely: APMV-2 to APMV-9. Most of these serotypes appear to be present in natural reservoirs of specific feral avian species, although other host species are usually susceptible. Only APMV-2 and APMV-3 viruses have made a significant disease and economic impact on poultry production. Both types of viruses cause respiratory disease and egg production losses which may be severe when exacerbated by other infections or environmental stresses. No reports exist of natural infections of chickens with APMV-3 viruses.
RFID-Based Guide Gives Museum Visitors More Freedom (2011)

An interactive museum-guide system exploits RFID and handheld computers to let museum visitors better explore exhibition objects. The system uses both high-frequency and ultrahigh-frequency RFID technologies to achieve a kind of two-way communication.
Lipid-rich carcinoma of the breast.A clinicopathologic analysis of 13 examples (1974)

A critical review of over 900 mammary carcinomas treated at St. Louis University Hospitals disclosed 13 that fulfilled the histologic picture of lipid-rich carcinoma. All clinical and pathologic data were tabulated; 1 case was studied by electron microscopy. Five of the patients were dead within 2 years, and 2 others had evidence of metastatic tumor within 2 years. One patient died 6 years after treatment. On the basis of the following characteristics we believe lipid-rich carcinomas should be regarded as a specific type of mammary carcinoma: 1. The presence of non-degenerative lipid material within the cytoplasm of tumor cells; 2. The presence of intramitochondrial crystals; 3. The pattern of metastatic involvement of lymph nodes and the orbit; 4. The presence of intraductal and lobular carcinoma in situ associated with this type of tumor; and 5. The more aggressive clinical behavior.
Formaldehyde and Organic Molecule Production in Astrophysical Ices at Cryogenic Temperatures (1993)

Thermally promoted formaldehyde (H2CO) reactions in cryogenic ices have been studied to test their importance as a source of organic molecules in comets and interstellar ices. Ices containing H2CO, H2O, CH3OH, CO, and NH3 were investigated by using infrared spectroscopy. Small traces of NH3 (NH3/H2CO > or = 0.005) are sufficient to convert significant fractions (> or = 40%) of the H2CO into more complex organics. However, H2CO reactions do not proceed without NH3. Spectral evidence for reaction onset appeared between 40 and 80 kelvin, depending on the ice. Five distinct products were formed. These principally consist of polyoxymethylene and related derivatives. Polyoxymethylene itself was not made in significant amounts in cometary analogs. These products differ from those produced by ultraviolet and particle irradiation. The nature and relative amounts of the products depend on the initial composition, making these materials excellent tracers of a comet's history. About 3% of the organics in p-Halley's coma could have been produced by thermal H2CO reactions.
Dynamic compilation in the unix environment (1987)

Abstract A system for dynamic compilation under the Unix operating system is described. The basis of the system is an incremental assembler that can be used statically or during program execution to insert or replace a module in an executable image. All cross‐module references are via offets into a run‐time symbol table. All generated code is independent of its location or the location of the symbol table. The symbol table and all modules reside in memory segments compatible with the memory allocator malloc() . The symbol table origin is maintained in a processor register. Library procedures allow the assembler (or C compiler) to be called to alter the currently executing program, or to place a stub function which acts as a trap, so that when the stub is invoked it caues a file to be dynamically compiled into the executing program to replace the stub with a bona fide procedure. This facilitates the construction of advanced interactive environments using native code. Some example applications, to Prolog and to incremental compilation, are considered.
Adaptive Segmentation for Scientific Databases (2008)

In this paper we explore database segmentation in the context of a column-store DBMS targeted at a scientific database. We present a novel hardware- and scheme-oblivious segmentation algorithm, which learns and adapts to the workload immediately. The approach taken is to capitalize on (intermediate) query results, such that future queries benefit from a more appropriate data layout. The algorithm is implemented as an extension of a complete DBMS and evaluated against a real-life workload. It demonstrates significant performance gains without DBA assistance.
El conocimiento afectado (2011)

Inmersos en pleno debate acerca de lo que define la investigación académica en arte, sigue resultando difícil encontrar posturas que, más allá de sopesar las virtudes o defectos de la academia, aborden la cuestión desde la parataxis [1] entre texto e imagen. A pesar de la natural confrontación de opiniones, parece haber un sospechoso y apabullante consenso a la hora de definir los límites de cada cosa y, lo que es más alarmante, a la hora de defender las cualidades objetivas de uno frente a las cualidades subjetivas de la otra. Esta retórica del valor solemne de lo textual frente a lo alegre de la imagen sorprende en tanto que su dislocación -o al menos la revisión de lo que queremos decir cuando nos referimos a cada una- lleva instalada mucho tiempo en el ojo del hurácan del discurso estético contemporáneo. Pareciera que las diversas crisis estatutarias de las que han dado y dan cuenta los estudios visuales, la phrase-image de J. Rancière [2] o el devenir digital de la imagen fuesen meras entelequias estancas que no afectan a la manera en la que las instituciones validan y organizan el conocimiento. Pareciera como si el texto académico siguiera siendo la salvaguarda inviolable, honesta y sincera del conocimiento, pudiendo mantenerse al margen de las profundas reflexiones epistemológicas que nos ha avanzado la crisis de la visualidad. Sin embargo el proceso es de ida y vuelta y no tendría sentido revisar el estatuto de la imagen contemporánea si no es, también, para pensar nuevas textualidades que afecten y actualicen las formas de producir sentido. En otras palabras, mientras que la estética de lo transversal, propia de nuestra era digital, es moneda de cambio común en la teoría que producimos, rara vez la vemos activada en las instituciones académicas que trafican con ella, como si hubieran perdido la capacidad de afectar y verse afectadas por su propio discurso.
AutoLearn — Automated Feature Generation and Selection (2017)

In recent years, the importance of feature engineering has been confirmed by the exceptional performance of deep learning techniques, that automate this task for some applications. For others, feature engineering requires substantial manual effort in designing and selecting features and is often tedious and non-scalable. We present AutoLearn, a regression-based feature learning algorithm. Being data-driven, it requires no domain knowledge and is hence generic. Such a representation is learnt by mining pairwise feature associations, identifying the linear or non-linear relationship between each pair, applying regression and selecting those relationships that are stable and improve the prediction performance. Our experimental evaluation on 18 UC Irvine and 7 Gene expression datasets, across different domains, provides evidence that the features learnt through our model can improve the overall prediction accuracy by 13.28%, compared to original feature space and 5.87% over other top performing models, across 8 different classifiers without using any domain knowledge.
Development and characterization of polarized primary cultures of rat intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells. (1996)

The study of intrahepatic bile duct epithelial cells (i.e., cholangiocytes) has been limited by the lack of a polarized in vitro model that allows easy access to both apical and basolateral cell surfaces. Therefore, we developed a cell line of polarized normal rat cholangiocytes (NRCs) and established conditions that produced a confluent monolayer of cells grown on collagen-coated filters of tissue culture inserts. We passaged NRCs at high density to collagen-coated, tissue-culture inserts and measured transepithelial electrical resistance. We evaluated ultrastructural features by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (gamma GT) was visualized in cultured cells by enzyme histochemistry, and cytokeratin (CK)-7, CK-19, vimentin, and desmin staining was done by immunohistochemistry. We studied the biologic responsiveness and functional polarity of NRCs by measuring their levels of cyclic AMP after addition of forskolin with or without somatostatin to either the apical or basolateral chambers. When seeded with approximately 1 x 10(5) cells/cm2, the NRCs formed a confluent monolayer in 72 hr. Transepithelial electrical resistance increased over time, achieving a maximum of 625 (+- 25) ohms.cm2 by 1 week after confluence. Transmission and electron microscopy scanning showed the apical cell surface to be tightly packed with microvilli with a heterogeneous display of cilia ranging from none to 20 to 30 cilia/cell. On transmission, apically positioned tight junctions and vesicles were apparent; nuclei were oriented basally and the basolateral surface was characterized by membrane interdigitations. NRCs stained positively for the cholangiocyte marker proteins, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, CK-7, and CK-19, and negative for the mesenchymal markers, vimentin, and desmin. Exposure of the basolateral (but not the apical) cell surface to somatostatin caused a 60% inhibition of forskolin-induced increases in intracellular levels of cyclic AMP, suggesting the presence of somatostatin receptors exclusively on the basolateral plasma membrane domain. We have developed a unique model of primary cultures of normal rat cholangiocytes in which the apical and basolateral surfaces are easily accessible; the cells develop intermediate-strength tight junctions, retain their cholangiocyte phenotype, display morphologic and functional polarity, and are responsive to hormones. This model should be useful for the assessment of vectorial transport of solutes and other constituents of blood and bile, as well as for studying growth regulation of cholangiocytes.
Modular photonic power and VCSEL-based data links for aerospace and military applications (1997)

If photonic data and power transfer links are constructed in a modular fashion, they can be easily adapted into various forms to meet a wide range of needs for aerospace and military applications. The performance specifications associated with these needs can vary widely according to application. Alignment tolerance needs also tend to vary greatly, as can requirements on power consumption. An example of a modular photonic data and/or power transfer link that can be applied to military and aerospace needs is presented. In this approach, a link is designed for low (<10 kb/s) data rates, ultra-low electrical power consumption, large alignment tolerance, and power transfer to provide complete electrical shielding in a remote module that might be found in a military or aerospace application.
Robust Features for Noisy Speech Recognition using MFCC Computation from Magnitude Spectrum of Higher Order Autocorrelation Coefficients (2010)

Noise robustness is one of the most challenging problem in automatic speech recognition. The goal of robust feature extraction is to improve the performance of speech recognition in adverse conditions. The mel-scaled frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) derived from Fourier transform and filter bank analysis are perhaps the most widely used front-ends in state-of-the-art speech recognition systems. One of the major issues with the MFCCs is that they are very sensitive to additive noise. To improve the robustness of speech front-ends we introduce, in this paper, a new set of MFCC vector which is estimated through three steps. First, the relative higher order autocorrelation coefficients are extracted. Then magnitude spectrum of the resultant speech signal is estimated through the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and it is differentiated with respect to frequency. Finally, the differentiated magnitude spectrum is transformed into MFCC-like coefficients. These are called MFCCs extracted from Differentiated Relative Higher Order Autocorrelation Sequence Specrum (DRHOASS). Speech recognition experiments for various tasks indicate that the new feature vector is more robust than traditional mel-scaled frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) in additive noise conditions.
<i>Flavobacterium indologenes</i> Keratitis (1997)

Flavobacterium indologenes has recently been implicated in nosocomial or opportunistic infection. It has been isolated from lids, conjunctiva, and lacrimal system, and is resistant to most antibiotics. No previous cases of F. indologenes corneal ulcer have been reported in the literature. The natural habitat of Flavo-bacteria is soil, water, plants, and foodstuffs. In the hospital environment, these bacteria exist in water systems and on wet surfaces. They are not part of the normal ocular flora.
Finding regulatory elements using joint likelihoods for sequence and expression profile data. (2000)

A recent, popular method of finding promoter sequences is to look for conserved motifs upstream of genes clustered on the basis of expression data. This method presupposes that the clustering is correct. Theoretically, one should be better able to find promoter sequences and create more relevant gene clusters by taking a unified approach to these two problems. We present a likelihood function for a "sequence-expression" model giving a joint likelihood for a promoter sequence and its corresponding expression levels. An algorithm to estimate sequence-expression model parameters using Gibbs sampling and Expectation/Maximization is described. A program, called kimono, that implements this algorithm has been developed: the source code is freely available on the Internet.
[Morphological observation of metaphase I arrested oocytes in IVF-ET cycles]. (2005)

All metaphase I arrested oocytes possess of unique morphological characteristics and fail to mature following current culture assay in IVF-ET cycles.
Embryoid induction and plant regeneration of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) through microspore culture (2009)

Isolated microspore culture in cucumber was studied by using 10 different varieties of cucumber.Cotyledonary embryoids and plantlets were obtained from '7447' and 'Poinsett97' genotypes for the first time.The results showed that genotype and the developmental stage of microspore were the key factors in embryoid induction.The embryoid yield was different significantly among different genotypes.Embryoid yield per culture dish varied from 1.5-33.4.The late-uninucleate stage of microspore was found optimum for isolated microspore culture in cucumber.Cold-pretreatment(4 ℃) for 2-4 days also promoted embryoid induction,while the highest embryoid yield was obtained form microspore pre-treated at 4 ℃ for 2 days.The results also indicated that low concentration of exogenous hormones(0.5 mg·L-1 2,4-D and 0.2 mg·L-1 6-BA) were conductive to embryogenesis,whereas NLN and B5 medium had no significant difference on embryoid induction.The regenerated plantlets were obtained only from cotyledonary embryoids and no plantlet was produced from the embryoids at other developmental stages.
DPP9’s Enzymatic Activity and Not Its Binding to CARD8 Inhibits Inflammasome Activation (2019)

Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes formed in response to pathogens. NLRP1 and CARD8 are related proteins that form inflammasomes, but the pathogen-associated signal(s) and the molecular mechanisms controlling their activation have not been established. Inhibitors of the serine dipeptidyl peptidases DPP8 and DPP9 (DPP8/9) activate both NLRP1 and CARD8. Interestingly, DPP9 binds directly to NLRP1 and CARD8, and this interaction may contribute to the inhibition of NLRP1. Here, we use activity-based probes, reconstituted inflammasome assays, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics to further investigate the DPP9-CARD8 interaction. We show that the DPP9-CARD8 interaction, unlike the DPP9-NLRP1 interaction, is not disrupted by DPP9 inhibitors or CARD8 mutations that block autoproteolysis. Moreover, wild-type, but not catalytically inactive mutant, DPP9 rescues CARD8-mediated cell death in <i>DPP9</i> knockout cells. Together, this work reveals that DPP9's catalytic activity and not its binding to CARD8 restrains the CARD8 inflammasome and thus suggests the binding interaction likely serves some other biological purpose.
Characterization of surface structure in sputtered Al films: Correlation to microstructure evolution (1999)

Quantitative roughness and microstructural analysis of as-deposited Al films, 0.1–1.0 μm thick, were performed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), one-dimensional power spectral density analysis (1DPSD), transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray pole figure methods. The variation of grain size (d) with thickness (h) in the columnar grained film was d∝h0.9. The initial crystallographic texture was nearly random, with a strong Al (111) fiber texture evolving by ≈0.2 μm in deposited thickness. AFM imaging revealed a surface structure with hillocks, grains, and grain boundary grooves, and periodic within-grain ridges extending over entire grains. The root-mean-square surface height variation (RRMS) initially decreased during deposition but increased as RRMS∝h0.55 from 0.3 to 1.0 μm thickness. The 1DPSD analysis revealed three spatially resolved regimes of roughness evolution; a frequency independent regime at low frequency attributed to hillock growth, an intermediate frequency self-similar regime attributed to grains and grain boundary grooves, and a high frequency self-similar regime attributed to within-grain ridges. Two characteristic dimensions (CD) were defined at the inverse frequencies of transition between each 1DPSD roughness regime. CDI at high frequency was identified as the peak-to-peak ridge spacing which remained independent of film thickness. The ridge spacing is proposed to represent the upper limit of an effective surface diffusion length (λ0) due to the effects of surface diffusion and flux shadowing. The CDII at lower frequency was identified as the grain size which increased with thickness. The evolution and interactions of roughness and microstructural features are discussed in terms of surface diffusion, grain boundary motion, and flux shadowing mechanisms.
Edison's NetComm Project (2003)

The NetComm objective is to develop an electric utility owned and operated communication network using specially designed UHF packet radios capable of two-way communication with a large number of destinations while satisfying the utility's concerns regarding system reliability, data integrity and security. A solid-state meter that can be accessed over the communication network has also been developed and is the first device of its type. Prototype equipment is presently undergoing a Beta test at a site approximately fifty miles north of Los Angeles, California. Ultimately, 2500 meters and 350 radios will be installed at this site. The author describes the packet communication system concept, the solid-state meter, and the status of the field test and demonstration program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Docosapentaenoic acid does not completely replace DHA in n−3 FA‐deficient rats during early development (2003)

The reciprocal replacement of DHA by docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-6) was studied in rats that consumed an n-3 FA-deficient or n-3 FA-adequate diet. Dams were fed the two experimental diets from weaning and throughout pregnancy and lactation. Their pups were then fed the respective diets after weaning. Cortex FA analysis was performed at various times (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 91 d) after birth to determine whether DPAn-6 completely replaced DHA in the n-3-deficient group. Cortical DHA levels were significantly lower (average 86%) in the n-3-deficient rats. DPAn-6 increased significantly in the n-3-deficient rats starting with a 6.5-fold increase at day 0 up to a 54-fold increase at day 91 compared with the n-3-adequate group. However, this significant increase did not completely replace the loss of DHA at postnatal days 5, 10, and 20 in which there was still an 11.5, 10.3, and 8.0% deficit in the sum of DHA and DPAn-6, respectively, in the n-3-deficient group. Once docosatetraenoic (DTA) and arachidonic acids (AA) were included in the sum (DHA + DPAn-6 + DTA + AA), the levels between the two groups were similar. These results suggest that not only DPAn-6 but also other n-6 FA, including DTA and AA, replace DHA in n-3-deficient rats. The lack of total 22-carbon (22C) FA in the brain during the rapid membrane biogenesis that occurs during early development could be a factor in the nervous system functional deficits associated with n-3 FA deficiency.
Acute Effects of Phenoxybenzamine on α-Adrenoceptor Responses In Vivo and In Vitro (1983)

Pressor responses to intravenous phenylephrine, an adrenoceptor agonist, and to the alpha 2-adrenoceptor-selective agonist guanabenz were examined in conscious rabbits 30 min after treatment with a range of doses of phenoxybenzamine (10(-5) to 5 mg/kg). The maximum number of specific prazosin- and clonidine-binding sites in the spleen of rabbits sacrificed 30 min after receiving phenoxybenzamine were measured using radioligand binding techniques. Treatment with phenoxybenzamine resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the maximum pressor response to both phenylephrine and guanabenz, although phenoxybenzamine was a more potent antagonist at postsynaptic alpha 1- than at postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. Phenoxybenzamine treatment also caused a dose-dependent reduction in specific [3H]prazosin and [3H]clonidine binding. The maximum in vivo pressor response to guanabenz was observed only when all specific clonidine-binding sites were present. There was a close correlation between in vitro receptor number and in vivo pressor responses for alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation but not for alpha 1-adrenoceptor-mediated responses. The maximum pressor response to phenylephrine could be obtained in rabbits in which the number of specific prazosin-binding sites was reduced by 60%. These experiments provide an approach to relating in vitro receptor number to in vivo responses.