gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallel/Series Connection of Self-Sustained Oscillating Series-Parallel Resonant Converters (2011)

In this paper, a new interconnection concept of two (or more) series-parallel resonant converter suitable for parallel/series connected inputs is proposed. With this connection method operation at a wide range of operating voltages and good semiconductor utilisation is enabled. Furthermore, the balance of the two resonant converter input voltages in case of a series connection is investigated and a method for improving the voltage balancing is presented. The proposed concept is verified by measurement results and the design of the converter/integrated transformer is discussed in detail.
Some analyses of 2-D median f-k filters (1995)

Abstract Two-dimensional median filters can be designed so that they have properties similar to f-k fan filters. This is done by using the coefficients of a truncated impulse response of an f-k filter as the weight coefficients for the weighted median process. The filter is called a median f-k filter and can be used to discriminate between events on the basis of apparent velocity. The filter appears suitable as a poststack coherency filter because it produces less distortion at wavefield terminations than conventional f-k fan filters. One-dimensional weighted median filters that include negative coefficients are a logical starting point for the analysis of median f-k filters since simple numerical techniques may be used to analyze the behavior of these filters. We show that median filters with negative coefficients do not provide an unbiased estimate of the mean and can misplace the position of steps. Faults on a stacked section may be modeled by steps, and therefore applying a median f-k filter to stacked seismic data could change the position of faults. However, the distortion of steps introduced by median f-k filters is shown to be less than the distortion produced by the corresponding linear f-k filter, and the error in step placement is small. We present simple model examples and a seismic field data example to illustrate differences between linear f-k filters and median f-k filters.
Determination of mercury traces in products of TiO<sub>2</sub> manufacturing (1999)

A simple method for the determination of mercury traces in co-products and final products of titanium (IV) oxide manufacturing was developed. It was shown that different procedures recommended for the total digestion of such materials (using mixtures of HF, HNO 3 , HCl and HClO 4 ) could be efficiently replaced by an unique partial digestion method based on mercury leaching from sample by HNO 3 . Partial digestion method was much quicker and more sensitive than total digestion methods. Mercury was detected with cold vapour atomic fluorescence spectroscopy and a detection limit of 10 pgHg/g was achieved. The method was validated using certified reference materials PACS-1 (NRCC) and maroccan phosphate rock (BCR). Regarding mercury content in analysed samples from the point of view of the ecological risk, only residual material after first digestion of raw material with H 2 SO 4 were found to contain mercury concentrations higher than accepted background value for sediment and soils (0.1 gHg/g). All other co-products as well as the final product titanium (IV) oxide were almost free of mercury (< 0.01 -30 ngHg/g).
Effect of route of delivery on heterologous protection against HCV induced by an adenovirus vector carrying HCV structural genes (2011)

Our data suggest that a rAd5-CE1E2-based HCV vaccine would be capable of eliciting an effective immune response and cross-protection. These findings have important implications for the development of T cell-based HCV vaccine candidates.
Document classification through image-based character embedding and wildcard training (2016)

Languages such as Chinese and Japanese have a significantly large number (several thousands) of alphabets as compared to other languages, and each of their sentences consists of several concatenated words with wide varieties of inflected forms; thus appropriate word segmentation is quite difficult. Therefore, recently proposed sophisticated language-processing methods designed for languages such as English cannot be applied. In this paper, we address those issues and propose a new and efficient document classification technique for such languages. The proposed method is characterized into a new “image-based character embedding” method and character-level convolutional neural networks method with “wildcard training.” The first method encodes each character based on its pictorial structures and preserves them. Further, the second method treats some of the input characters as wildcards in the classification stage and functions as efficient data augmentation. We confirmed that our proposed method showed superior performance when compared conventional methods for Japanese document classification problems.
Predicting the fertilising ability of avian semen: Comparison of a simple colourimetric test with other methods for predicting the fertilising ability of fowl semen (1988)

1. The rate of tetrazolium dye-reduction by fowl spermatozoa measured by an objective colourimetric assay was shown to correlate strongly with sperm motility, morphology, ATP content and fertilising ability. 2. Although dye-reduction appeared less well correlated with fertilising ability than the other variables, the method for its determination has many practical advantages for the assessment of semen quality in poultry.
A Novel Framework for Semantic Annotation and Personalized Retrieval of Sports Video (2008)

Sports video annotation is important for sports video semantic analysis such as event detection and personalization. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for sports video semantic annotation and personalized retrieval. Different from the state of the art sports video analysis methods which heavily rely on audio/visual features, the proposed approach incorporates web-casting text into sports video analysis. Compared with previous approaches, the contributions of our approach include the following. 1) The event detection accuracy is significantly improved due to the incorporation of web-casting text analysis. 2) The proposed approach is able to detect exact event boundary and extract event semantics that are very difficult or impossible to be handled by previous approaches. 3) The proposed method is able to create personalized summary from both general and specific point of view related to particular game, event, player or team according to user's preference. We present the framework of our approach and details of text analysis, video analysis, text/video alignment, and personalized retrieval. The experimental results on event boundary detection in sports video are encouraging and comparable to the manually selected events. The evaluation on personalized retrieval is effective in helping meet users' expectations.
Cannabinoid Receptors in the Central Nervous System: Their Signaling and Roles in Disease (2017)

The identification and cloning of the two major cannabinoid (CB<sub>1</sub> and CB<sub>2</sub>) receptors together with the discovery of their endogenous ligands in the late 80s and early 90s, resulted in a major effort aimed at understanding the mechanisms and physiological roles of the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Due to its expression and localization in the central nervous system (CNS), the CB<sub>1</sub> receptor together with its endogenous ligands (endocannabinoids (eCB)) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation, has been implicated in multiple pathophysiological events ranging from memory deficits to neurodegenerative disorders among others. In this review, we will provide a general overview of the ECS with emphasis on the CB<sub>1</sub> receptor in health and disease. We will describe our current understanding of the complex aspects of receptor signaling and trafficking, including the non-canonical signaling pathways such as those mediated by β-arrestins within the context of functional selectivity and ligand bias. Finally, we will highlight some of the disorders in which CB<sub>1</sub> receptors have been implicated. Significant knowledge has been achieved over the last 30 years. However, much more research is still needed to fully understand the complex roles of the ECS, particularly <i>in vivo</i> and to unlock its true potential as a source of therapeutic targets.
Optimization of observer trajectories for bearings-only target localization (1999)

The problem of bearings-only target localization is to estimate the location of a fixed target from a sequence of noisy bearing measurements. Although, in theory, this process is observable even without an observer maneuver, estimation performance (i.e., accuracy, stability and convergence rate) can be greatly enhanced by properly exploiting observer motion to increase observability. This work addresses the optimization of observer trajectories for bearings-only fixed-target localization. The approach presented herein is based on maximizing the determinant of the Fisher information matrix (FIM), subject to state constraints imposed on the observer trajectory (e.g., by the target defense system). Direct optimal control numerical schemes, including the recently introduced differential inclusion (DI) method, are used to solve the resulting optimal control problem. Computer simulations, utilizing the familiar Stansfield and maximum likelihood (ML) estimators, demonstrate the enhancement to target position estimability using the optimal observer trajectories.
The Industrial Application of Patent Analysis: An Empirical Study (2004)

This research investigates the value of patent analysis in an industrial context. An\nempirical approach is taken to test the benefits and limitations of a series of patent\nanalysis techniques. The technology profiles of a group of competitor companies\nwithin the oil/petrochemicals area are mapped to evaluate the analysis techniques.\nPatent quantity analysis benefits from speed of execution but provides no indication\nof patent quality. The International Patent Classification (IPC) hierarchy can map a\ncompany’s technological diversity but the correlation of IPC categories with industry\nor product areas may present difficulties in a business-focused analysis.\nAn experiment within the polymer chemistry area suggests there is a positive\nassociation between a patent’s citation counts and its commercial significance, as\nrated by expert grading. This supports the use of patent citation data to compare the\nquality of companies’ patent portfolios but the time lag to build citation counts may\nlimit its usefulness in practice.\nMaps of inter-company patent references may indicate technological leadership but\nthe value of other bibliographic-based techniques appears more marginal. A trend of\ninter-company differences in the volume of the ‘References Cited’ list is observed.\nIf confirmed, this could impact the value of bibliographic-based patent analysis\ntechniques.\nPatent analysis can assist in a merger evaluation, particularly at the due diligence\nphase, but it is often of secondary importance to financial and product market\ninformation.\nSeveral factors that may distort patent statistics are identified. These include\ninadequate company name consolidation, errors in patent classification and\ndifferences in national patent legislation. The study concludes that patent analysis\nhas a valid place in the corporate environment, provided the output is interpreted\njudiciously.
Cell Battery Emulator for Hardware-in-the-Loop BMS Test (2018)

The battery management system (BMS) measures cells voltage, temperature and battery current, acting as security controller, monitoring and reporting the state of the battery and also balancing it. It must be accurately validated and tested before to use. The HiL test is the better solution to test it in order to develop algorithms in a fast way, to test the BMS board using a secure and reproducible way, and to simulate extreme condition of lithium cells. This work introduces the HiL test system defining its specifications. The challenge of HiL test on BMS is to replicate the behaviour of the lithium cells without using them. For this purpose, a battery cell emulator board is proposed and analysed. Some SPICE simulations were conducted at design stage and the result were compared with the defined specifications. The battery cell emulator, being isolated from the main power supply, can be used in series connection simulating higher voltage batteries in the HiL test of BMSs.
Silicone Punctal Plug Migration Resulting in Dacryocystitis and Canaliculitis (1997)

Smaller sized newer generation punctal plugs were designed to facilitate insertion; however, this design also increases the likelihood of proximal migration within the lacrimal drainage system. The importance of monitoring patients after punctal-plug placement cannot be over-emphasized.
Ultrathin HfO2 passivated silicon photocathodes for efficient alkaline water splitting (2021)

HfO2 has many favorable characteristics for use in energy conversion devices including high thermodynamic stability, good chemical stability in corrosive electrolytes, high refractive index, and wide bandgap. Here, we report surface passivation of a c-Si photocathode by ultrathin HfO2 prepared using atomic layer deposition as an effective approach for enhancing its photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance. The effect of the thickness of HfO2, deposition temperature, and annealing in forming gas on the passivation performance are systematically investigated. We demonstrate that the Si photocathode with a p+/n/n+ structure decorated with a Ni3N/Ni cocatalyst and an HfO2 interlayer follows a metal–insulator–semiconductor mechanism with thicker HfO2 films proving detrimental to the PEC performance. The Si photocathode passivated with a 1 nm HfO2 layer exhibits an enhancement in the onset potential by 100 mV, an applied-bias photon-to-current efficiency of 9%, and improved operational stability. This work provides insights into the application of HfO2 as a passivating layer for Si photoelectrodes for solar hydrogen production.
Fabrication of Micro Pillar Arrays Via Aerosol Jet Printing (2015)

Direct write printing is one of the evolving technologies that can be used to fabricate 3D structures such as ceramic micro-pillars. Direct write printing processes can print high resolution structures in the micron or sub-micron range. These structures find their applications in 3D Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), ultra-sound and thermal imaging, heat exchangers and solid oxide fuel cells. The present research is focused on fabrication of vertical ceramic micro-pillars using the Aerosol Jet direct write printing process for enhancing the aspect ratio of the pillars. Aerosol Jet printing offers flexibility with respect to ink compositions as compared with fabrication techniques such as lithography or ink-jet printing.\nThis study includes an investigation of ink compositions to formulate a printable Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) ink. YSZ ceramic is chosen due to its wide range of applications. The effect of solid loading fraction on the viscosity of ink is also studied. The study identifies significant printing process parameters and their relationships to the process output for printing high aspect ratio YSZ micro-pillars. An experimental approach is followed where the diameter and height of pillars are the response variables of interest. A screening experiment with fractional factorial model is conducted in order to obtain the levels of process parameters that resulted in pillars with diameters as small as 50 µm and heights up to 1000 µm. After finding suitable process parameter levels, experiments were conducted to identify the minimum distance between consecutive pillars. Once the minimum possible distance was identified, 4x4 pillar arrays were printed on YSZ substrate and sintered in order to achieve sufficient pillar strength. Pillars with average diameters as small as 50 µm and heights up to 1000µm were achieved through this process.
Comparative analysis of the distribution of segmented filamentous bacteria in humans, mice and chickens (2012)

Segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) are indigenous gut commensal bacteria. They are commonly detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Despite the significant role they have in the modulation of the development of host immune systems, little information exists regarding the presence of SFB in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution and diversity of SFB in humans and to determine their phylogenetic relationships with their hosts. Gut contents from 251 humans, 92 mice and 72 chickens were collected for bacterial genomic DNA extraction and subjected to SFB 16S rRNA-specific PCR detection. The results showed SFB colonization to be age-dependent in humans, with the majority of individuals colonized within the first 2 years of life, but this colonization disappeared by the age of 3 years. Results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that multiple operational taxonomic units of SFB could exist in the same individuals. Cross-species comparison among human, mouse and chicken samples demonstrated that each host possessed an exclusive predominant SFB sequence. In summary, our results showed that SFB display host specificity, and SFB colonization, which occurs early in human life, declines in an age-dependent manner.
Security Policies and Risk Analysis (2008)

In the last chapter, we discussed the basics of network security. Among the issues that we briefly touched on are the techniques and best practices that are currently being used by many security personnel in a variety of networks that make up the communication infrastructure. In this chapter, we are going to start with what is considered to be the most basic of all security techniques—security.policy. We will discuss several issues about security policy, like what constitutes a good policy and how to formulate, develop, write implement, and maintain a security policy.
Individual Differences in the Lexical Development of French–English Bilingual Children (2008)

Abstract The large and rapidly expanding body of literature on bilingual acquisition is mostly comprised of either single-case or cross-sectional studies. While these studies have made major contributions to our understanding of bilingual children's language development, they do not allow researchers to compare and contrast results with regard to individual differences over time. This paper aims to investigate the issue of individual differences with a longitudinal group study of 13 French–English bilingual children. The main focus is lexical development. We will examine how extralinguistic factors such as gender, parental input and birth order impact on the lexical development of the children. Using quantitative (parental checklists, questionnaires) and qualitative measures (interactions with parents), we demonstrate that language exposure and parental input are closely linked to vocabulary size, amount of language mixing and cross-linguistic synonyms. The findings call for more longitudinal group studies of bilingual acquisition in order to obtain comparable results on larger populations.
Assessment of ovarian tumors using transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography. (2004)

In our study we used transvaginal color Doppler ultrasonography in a token of 127 women presenting with unilateral ovarian tumor. The characteristics of the tumors were analyzed, the presence of vascularization was checked and the resistance index (RI) was calculated. Consequently, based on a concrete scoring system, we attempted to discriminate these tumors as benign or malignant. It was proven that 24 of 127 ovarian tumors were malignant. Transvaginal color Doppler correctly identified 21 of the 24 malignant tumors, as well as 94 of the 103 benign tumors. In nine other cases we had false-positive results. The sensitivity and the specificity of the method was 87.5% and 91.2%, while the positive and negative predictive values were 70% and 96.9%, respectively.
Trial of pectin-enriched muffins in patients with severe dumping syndrome after gastric resection. Observations on symptoms and gastric emptying pattern. (1989)

Pectin is known to delay gastric emptying and alleviate dumping symptoms when ingested with hyperosmolar, glucose-containing meals. As the treatment of dumping syndrome includes frequent, small dry meals, the effect of pectin ingested in muffins was tested in five patients with severe, intractable dumping syndrome after gastric resection. Ingestion of 99mTc-DTPA-labelled muffins containing 5 g pectin did not alleviate dumping symptoms or delay gastric emptying compared with muffins without pectin. Pectin does not seem to be beneficial as a supplement in the conventional dietary management of post-gastrectomy dumping.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy detects increased hemoglobin concentration and decreased oxygenation during colon carcinogenesis from normal to malignant tumors (2009)

Blood content and tumor oxygen level are important biomarkers and prognostic indicators in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, noninvasive measurements of both quantities in human colon are limited. In this study, we extracted the total hemoglobin concentration (THC) and oxygen saturation (StO(2)) of normal, premalignant, and malignant colonic tissues in 27 patients using a diffuse reflectance instrument and algorithms based on the diffusion equation. The mean+/-standard error of THC and StO(2) from all normal sites (n=26) is 93.4+/-17.1microM and 67.2+/-3.7%, respectively. THC increased to 136.9+/-23.8microM and 153.8+/-38.6microM and StO(2) decreased to 51.3+/-7.0% and 26.4+/-6.1% for premalignant and malignant tissues, respectively. The disease-to-normal THC ratios are 3.2+/-1.1 and 4.4+/-1.9 and the disease-to-normal StO(2) ratios are 0.7+/-0.1 and 0.5+/-0.1 for pr alignant and malignant tissues, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of a robust optical method to assess colon THC and StO2 at all stages of carcinogenesis in vivo so that the angiogenesis and hypoxia of the disease and the therapeutic role can be studied in CRC patients.
Reinforcement Learning Trees (2015)

In this paper, we introduce a new type of tree-based method, reinforcement learning trees (RLT), which exhibits significantly improved performance over traditional methods such as random forests (Breiman, 2001) under high-dimensional settings. The innovations are three-fold. First, the new method implements reinforcement learning at each selection of a splitting variable during the tree construction processes. By splitting on the variable that brings the greatest future improvement in later splits, rather than choosing the one with largest marginal effect from the immediate split, the constructed tree utilizes the available samples in a more efficient way. Moreover, such an approach enables linear combination cuts at little extra computational cost. Second, we propose a variable muting procedure that progressively eliminates noise variables during the construction of each individual tree. The muting procedure also takes advantage of reinforcement learning and prevents noise variables from being considered in the search for splitting rules, so that towards terminal nodes, where the sample size is small, the splitting rules are still constructed from only strong variables. Last, we investigate asymptotic properties of the proposed method under basic assumptions and discuss rationale in general settings.