gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid cycling in the fasting rat (2000)

Adipose tissue lipolysis and fatty acid reesterification by liver and adipose tissue were investigated in rats fasted for 15 h under basal and calorigenic conditions. The fatty acid flux initiated by adipose fat lipolysis in the fasted rat is mostly futile and is characterized by reesterification of 57% of lipolyzed free fatty acid (FFA) back into adipose triglycerides (TG). About two-thirds of FFA reesterification are carried out before FFA release into plasma, whereas the rest consists of plasma FFA extracted by adipose tissue. Thirty-six percent of the fasting lipolytic flux is accounted for by oxidation of plasma FFA, whereas only a minor fraction is channeled into hepatic very low density lipoprotein-triglycerides (VLDL-TG). Total body calorigenesis induced by thyroid hormone treatment and liver-specific calorigenesis induced by treatment with beta, beta'-tetramethylhexadecanedioic acid (Medica 16) are characterized by a 1.7- and 1.3-fold increase in FFA oxidation, respectively, maintained by a 1.5-fold increase in adipose fat lipolysis. Hepatic reesterification of plasma FFA into VLDL-TG is negligible under both calorigenic conditions. Hence, total body fatty acid metabolism is regulated by adipose tissue as both source and sink. The futile nature of fatty acid cycling allows for its fine tuning in response to metabolic demands.
Towards microbial data integration (1997)

There are currently 100–200 microbiology-related databases in existence, although it is impossible to find answers to queries that span even a few of these. The Center for Microbial Ecology (CME) at Michigan State University seeks to change this situation by coordinating the creation of an Integrated Microbial Database (IMD), accessible through the World Wide Web (WWW). Such a system will contain up-to-date phylogeny and taxonomy, gene sequences (including genomes), biochemical data, metabolic models, ecological and phenotypic data. Current main obstacles to creation of an IMD are the lack of a single freely available organismal nomenclature with synonyms and the availability of much critical data. An IMD will have major impacts on microbial biology: currently intractable fundamental questions might be answered, experiments could be refocused, and new commercial possibilities created. An IMD should remain freely available and be created under an open development model.
Cystoscopic Fluorescence Detector for Photodetection of Bladder Carcinoma with Hematoporphyrin Derivative (1984)

Hematoporphyrin derivative, a fluorogenic substance, tends to accumulate at higher levels in most tumor tissues after intravenous injection. These properties provide a potential application for the detection of malignant tumors. We report the development and in vitro evaluation of an instrument designed to excite and detect low levels of hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence emitted by tumor cells in the bladder after hematoporphyrin derivative administration. The light source of the instrument for specific hematoporphyrin derivative excitation is at a wavelength of 405 nanometers. Optical fibers for both the excitation and detection of fluorescence were bundled in a single 7 French ureteral catheter which can be inserted into a standard cystoscope. The fluorescence is initially detected as an electrical signal which is amplified and then converted into an audio signal. The interference of the cystoscope illuminating white light to the fluorescence signal is eliminated by a phase-sensitive electronic circuit. The instrument thus allows simultaneous viewing of the bladder and detection of hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence produced from tumor tissues. In vitro testings using hematoporphyrin derivative solutions on filter paper indicated that the instrument detects as little as 30 nanograms per milliliter of hematoporphyrin derivative and has relatively low noise levels from normal tissues. The utility of this instrument for hematoporphyrin derivative photodetection of small tumors and carcinoma in situ in bladder is currently under clinical evaluation.
Experimental Results of NWCF Run H4 Calcine Dissolution Studies Performed in FY-98 and -99 (2001)

Dissolution experiments were performed on actual samples of NWCF Run H-4 radioactive calcine in fiscal years 1998 and 1999. Run H-4 is an aluminum/sodium blend calcine. Typical dissolution data indicates that between 90-95 wt% of H-4 calcine can be dissolved using 1gram of calcine per 10 mLs of 5-8M nitric acid at boiling temperature. Two liquid raffinate solutions composed of a WM-188/aluminum nitrate blend and a WM-185/aluminum nitrate blend were converted into calcine at the NWCF. Calcine made from each blend was collected and transferred to RAL for dissolution studies. The WM-188/aluminum nitrate blend calcine was dissolved with resultant solutions used as feed material for separation treatment experimentation. The WM-185/aluminum nitrate blend calcine dissolution testing was performed to determine compositional analyses of the dissolved solution and generate UDS for solid/liquid separation experiments. Analytical fusion techniques were then used to determine compositions of the solid calcine and UDS from dissolution. The results from each of these analyses were used to calculate elemental material balances around the dissolution process, validating the experimental data. This report contains all experimental data from dissolution experiments performed using both calcine blends.
Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of 1,2,3-triphenylphosphirene (1984)

1,2,3-Triphenylphosphirene is prepared from its P→W(CO)5 complex by a two step decomplexation procedure involving iodine and 1-methylimidazole; its X-ray crystal structure analysis shows a very strained ring (< CPC = 41.8°) with no electronic delocalization.
Synthesis and immunoadjuvant activity of 1-.ALPHA.-O-, 1-.BETA.-S- and 6-O-(2-tetradecylhexadecanoyl) derivatives of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-ananyl-D-isoglutamine methyl ester. (1991)

N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP) is the minimum structure of mycobacteria in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) necessary for immunoadjuvancy.2) In the course of investigations on the structure-
Abstract 1978: Multidimensional Factors Associated with Fatigue in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with significant morbidity, symptom burden, and decreased quality of life. Little research has focused on symptoms of AF, particularly fatigue a...
The <i>Arabidopsis COG1</i> gene encodes a Dof domain transcription factor and negatively regulates phytochrome signaling (2003)

Light is a critical environmental factor that influences almost all developmental aspects of plants, including seed germination, seedling morphogenesis, and transition to reproductive growth. Plants have therefore developed an intricate network of mechanisms to perceive and process environmental light information. To further characterize the molecular basis of light-signaling processes in plants, we screened an activation tagging pool of Arabidopsis for altered photoresponses. A dominant mutation, cog1-D, attenuated various red (R) and far-red (FR) light-dependent photoresponses. The mutation was caused by overexpression of a gene encoding a member of the Dof family of transcription factors. The photoresponses in Arabidopsis were inversely correlated with the expression levels of COG1 mRNA. When the COG1 gene was overexpressed in transgenic plants, the plants exhibited hyposensitive responses to R and FR light in a manner inversely dependent on COG1 mRNA levels. On the other hand, transgenic lines expressing antisense COG1 were hypersensitive to R and FR light. Expression of the COG1 gene is light inducible and requires phytochrome A (phyA) for FR light-induced expression and phytochrome B (phyB) for R light-induced expression. Thus, the COG1 gene functions as a negative regulator in both the phyA- and phyB-signaling pathways. We suggest that these phytochromes positively regulate the expression of COG1, a negative regulator, as a mechanism for fine tuning the light-signaling pathway.
Pharmacologie des analogues de nucléosides dans le traitement des hépatites virales (2000)

Le traitement des hepatiques virales chroniques B et C demeure une preoccupation majeure pour le clinicien puisque c'est chez seulement 20 % a 30 % des patients traites par interferon-alpha que la reponse biochimique antivirale et histologique sera prolongee. Le developpement des analogues de nucleosides est actuellement en pleine expansion et ouvre de nouvelles voies therapeutiques pour les hepatites virales chroniques. La decouverte de nouveaux agents antiviraux a principalement repose sur les recherches realisees pour trouver des agents antiretroviraux et anti-herpetiques puissants et non toxiques. Plus recemment des modeles d'etude de la replication du VHB ont ete mis au point et permettent d'evaluer l'efficacite anti-VHB des nouveaux agents antiviraux et leurs specificite et selectivite d'action. Parmi ceux-ci, les analogues levogyres de nucleosides, comme le 3TC (lamivudine), representent une nouvelle classe tres prometteuse du fait d'un metabolisme cellulaire tres particulier. Les analogues acycliques de guanosine, comme le famciclovir, sont egalement en cours d'evaluation dans le traitement des hepatites chroniques B. Ces deux classes de molecules apportent donc de nouveaux espoirs dans le traitement des hepatites virales chroniques B. En ce qui concerne les hepatites chroniques C, l'absence du systeme permettant de cultiver le virus a ralenti le developpement des therapeutiques antivirales. Neanmoins, en raison de sa parente avec les flavivirus, la ribavirine a ete evaluee chez les patients atteints d'hepatite chronique C. Cette molecule antivirale offre une alternative, en cas d'intolerance ou de contre-indication a l'interferon. L'association avec l'interferon-alpha semble augmenter de facon significative le taux de reponse « prolongee » et ces resultats sont en cours de validation dans des essais cliniques multicentriques.
Preparation of Epoxy/Jeffamine Networks Modified With Phosphonium Based Ionic Liquids (2014)

Abstract This study investigates the influence of different ionic liquids (ILs) based on tetraalkyl‐phosphonium cations on the dynamic‐mechanical, ionic conductivity as well as morphology of epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A cured with poly(propyleneglycol) bis(2‐aminopropyl ether), aiming to develop new thermosetting systems with confined ionic liquid. The ionic liquids include trihexyl(tetradecyl)‐phosphoniumdicyanamide, trihexyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium‐bis(trifluoromethane‐sulfonyl)imide) and tributyl(tetradecyl) phosphonium‐dodecylbenzenesulfonate. The effect of these ILs on the morphology, dynamic‐mechanical, ionic conductivity and tensile properties of DGEBA networks is investigated.
Cone inputs controlling color context effects: Detection and appearance (2010)

Introduction. Color can be used to detect surface boundaries and to identify objects. Context (background color and contrast patterns) affects both the detectability and appearance of colors. Do the same mechanisms that mediate color detection also mediate color appearance? To investigate this question, we measured effects of various contexts on color detection and appearance. Here we expand on results first reported at VSS 03. Methods. Stimuli were presented on a calibrated RGB monitor with 14-bit intensity resolution for each channel. In both detection and appearance experiments, blurred test spots (1.5 deg in diameter, 3 deg eccentricity) were presented for 200 ms against either uniform or bipartite backgrounds. Each half of the bipartite field was either uniform or contained dynamic spatially pink noise. Background and test spot colors were selected from a set that differed in L+M or S-cone intensity. Observers fixated a central marker. The detection experiment task was a 2-IFC. Multiple interleaved staircases controlled spot intensity. In the appearance experiment, left and right test spots flashed simultaneously. Subjects adjusted spot color on one side to match a fixed spot color on the other. Results. S-cone spot detection was affected by S-cone background changes but not L+M background changes. Similarly, L+M spot detection was affected L+M background changes but not S-cone background changes. Matches of S-cone tests were affected by mean S-cone background but not S-cone noise or L+M background changes. L+M cone tests were affected by mean L+M background but not by L+M noise or S-cone background changes. Effects of mean background color on detection and appearance can be explained by a common mechanism. Background noise, on the other hand, had a large effect on detection but no effect on super-threshold appearance. This result suggests a dissociation between mechanisms that mediate color detectability and those that mediate color appearance.
Epinephrine Enhances Analgesia Produced by Epidural Bupivacaine During Labor (1987)

Section of Obstetric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Wake Forest University Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
New Catalyst Precursors Constituted of AsPh3 and Palladium on Carbon or Palladium(II) Acetate as Efficient Promoters of Selective Cross-Coupling Reactions between Functionalized Alkenyl Halides and Aryl- or 1-Alkynylzinc Chlorides (1995)

The catalyst precursor consisting of a mixt. of 10% palladium on carbon and 3.9 equiv. of AsPh3 as well as that obtained by treatment of Pd(OAc)2 with 4 equiv of AsPh3 in THF at 60° for 1 h have proven to be suitable for promoting efficient cross-coupling reaction between aryl- or 1-alkynylzinc chlorides and alkenyl halides which contain an electron-withdrawing substituent linked to their carbon-carbon double bond. The activity of these catalyst precursors has been found to be comparable to that of the more expensive and air unstable Pd(PPh3)4.
Protein-sugar interactions: preparation, purification, and properties of rabbit antibodies against di-N-acetylchitobiose. (1977)

Antibodies against di-N-acetylchitobiose (CB) were raised in rabbits after injection of CB-bovine serum albumin conjugates and were fractionated by columns into two classes: the first bound to a column of Sepharose covalently coupled with N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc); the second bound to a column coupled with CB. Active antibodies were eluted by a moderate concentration of a chaotropic agent, but not by high ionic strength buffers or acidic buffers. The active fractions were identified as IgG by ultracentrifugation and immuno-electrophoresis. These antibodies gave precipitation bands with CB-protein conjugates and this reaction could be reversed in the presence of free CB. The GlcNAc-bound fraction quantitatively quenched the fluorescence of O-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-glucosides of GlcNAc and CB, while the CB-bound fraction quenched only the glycoside of CB; other O-(4-methylumbelliferyl)-glucosides were not quenched. Among eleven monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, only GlcNAc, CB, and tri-N-acetylchitotriose were able to inhibit the precipitation of antibodies against CB with CB-protein conjugate. These antibodies failed to agglutinate erythrocytes from various species but did agglutinate transformed cells and mouse lymphocytes. The binding of these antibodies on cell lembranes was reversed by free CB and by CB-protein conjugates. The properties of these antibodies are related to those of lectins with similar specificities and to the structure of glycoconjugates.
Simulating images captured by superposition lens cameras (2011)

As the demand for reduction in the thickness of cameras rises, so too does the interest in thinner lens designs. One such radical approach toward developing a thin lens is obtained from nature's superposition principle as used in the eyes of many insects. But generally the images obtained from those lenses are fuzzy, and require reconstruction algorithms to complete the imaging process. A hurdle to developing such algorithms is that the existing literature does not provide realistic test images, aside from using commercial ray-tracing software which is costly. A solution for that problem is presented in this paper. Here a Gabor Super Lens (GSL), which is based on the superposition principle, is simulated using the public-domain ray-tracing software POV-Ray. The image obtained is of a grating surface as viewed through an actual GSL, which can be used to test reconstruction algorithms. The large computational time in rendering such images requires further optimization, and methods to do so are discussed.
Turning of Pistons with Elliptic Cross Section Using Hydraulic Copy Machines (1982)

旋盤を用いてだ円状ピストンを切削する装置を開発した. 本装置では平均径及び長短径差に対応する2枚の形板を, 各1台の油圧ならい装置によってならい, 刃具の変位制御を行う. だ円を発生させる偏心カムは主軸の2倍の速度で回転し, 刃具に正弦状変位を生じさせるが, その振幅は油圧ならい装置により制御される. 切削したピストンの形状を測定ならびに解析する手法を明らかにし, 切削結果の判定を行ったが, 結果は良好であった.
A family of laboratory strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae carry rearrangements involving chromosomes I and III (1998)

In order to study meiotic segregation of chromosome length polymorphism in yeast, we analysed the progeny of a cross involving two laboratory strains FL100trp and YNN295. Analysis of the parental strains led us to detect an important length polymorphism of chromosomes I and III in FL100trp. A reciprocal translocation involving 80 kb of the left arm of chromosome III and 45 kb of the right arm of chromosome I was shown to be the cause for the observed polymorphism in this strain. The characterization of the translocation breakpoints revealed the existence of a transposition hot-spot on chromosome I: the sequence of the translocation joints on chromosomes I and III suggests that the mechanism very likely involved homologous recombination between Ty2 transposable elements on each chromosome. Analysis of FL100, FL200 and FL100trp ura, which are related to FL100trp, shows that this reciprocal translocation is present in some of the strains of the FL series, whereas the parental strain FL100 does not carry the same rearrangement. We evidenced instead the duplication of 80 kb of chromosome III on chromosome I and a deletion of 45 kb of the right arm of chromosome I in this strain, indicating that secondary events might have taken place and that the strain currently named FL100 is not the common ancestor of the FL series.
Structured iteratively decodable codes based on Steiner systems and their application in magnetic recording (2002)

This paper introduces a combinatorial construction of a class of iteratively decodable codes, an approach diametrically opposed to the prevalent practice of using large, random-like codes. Our codes are well-structured and, unlike random codes, can lend themselves to a very low complexity implementation. A systematic way of constructing codes based on Steiner systems and the Z/sub /spl nu//, group is presented, and a hardware efficient encoding algorithm is proposed. A substantial performance improvement of high-rate Steiner codes over the existing schemes used in magnetic recording systems is demonstrated.
Antibody-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticle-Based Immunosensor for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Troponin-T (2014)

The technology presented in this study demonstrates the feasibility of integrating nanostructures onto the surface of an electrical platform to achieve enhanced detection of the cardiac biomarker, troponin-T. A polymer microcontact printing technique was modified using printed circuit boards as molds for the application of gold nanoparticles onto microelectrode-patterned glass substrates. The microelectrodes were designed to support electrical impedance spectroscopy measurements and fabricated using standard photolithography methods. Capture antibodies specific to troponin-T were functionalized onto the surface of gold nanoparticles by using a thiol-based cross-linking molecule. The antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles were stamped onto the electrodes using a matching pattern imprinted onto an elastomeric mold. As a control to validate the efficacy of the nanotextured surface on the glass substrate, an electroplated printed circuit board was also used. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles showed significant amplification of the electro-ionic signals generated through binding of the antigen to its capture antibody. Enhanced sensitivity was demonstrated through detection of the target biomarker in the femtogram per milliliter range in buffer solution and biological media. In the absence of gold nanoparticles, the sensor demonstrated detection of troponin-T at higher concentration points. This study illustrates a robust method for developing a more sensitive, label-free biosensor.
Role of reversal incoherency in reducing switching field and switching field distribution of exchange coupled composite bit patterned media (2009)

Model exchange coupled composite media, namely [Co/Pd]5/Pd(t)/[Co/Ni]3/Co multilayers, deposited onto prepatterned substrates have been investigated for potential use in bit patterned recording. Optimizing the thickness of the Pd interlayer allows decreasing the switching field (HC) and switching field distribution (σSFD) while maintaining thermal stability. The dependence of the remanent coercivity on the external field angle indicates that the gain in HC and σSFD originates from the incoherent magnetization reversal introduced by slightly decoupling the hard and soft multilayer stacks. This tendency is confirmed by further reductions in HC and σSFD, when inserting another Pd interlayer within the hard [Co/Pd]5 stack.
Acoustic and photoacoustic microscopy imaging of single leukocytes (2016)

An acoustic/photoacoustic microscope was used to create micrometer resolution images of stained cells from a blood smear. Pulse echo ultrasound images were made using a 1000 MHz transducer with 1 μm resolution. Photoacoustic images were made using a fiber coupled 532 nm laser, where energy losses through stimulated Raman scattering enabled output wavelengths from 532 nm to 620 nm. The laser was focused onto the sample using a 20x objective, and the laser spot co-aligned with the 1000 MHz transducer opposite the laser. The blood smear was stained with Wright-Giemsa, a common metachromatic dye that differentially stains the cellular components for visual identification. A neutrophil, lymphocyte and a monocyte were imaged using acoustic and photoacoustic microscopy at two different wavelengths, 532 nm and 600 nm. Unique features in each imaging modality enabled identification of the different cell types. This imaging method provides a new way of imaging stained leukocytes, with applications towards identifying and differentiating cell types, and detecting disease at the single cell level.
The Role of Molybdenum in the Oxidation of TiC&ndash;Ni&ndash;Mo Alloys (1969)

To investigate the oxidation behavior of TiC-base alloys containing molybdenum, TiC-10% Ni and TiC-10% Ni-(2.5∼18.57)% Mo alloys were prepared by sintering. These alloys were exposed in still air at 600°∼1300°C. The oxidation process and the effect of molybdenum on oxidation were studied by the weight gain, surface recession, X-ray diffraction and microstructure observations of scales. The following results were obtained.(1) Addition of molybdenum to TiC-10% Ni alloy increased the weight gain due to oxidation below 1100°C, which was most effective at 700°∼800°C. This effect was, however, decreased at higher temperatures and at 1300°C molybdenum increased the oxidation resistance reversely.(2) From the X-ray diffraction data, it appeared that at higher temperatures the oxidation of molybdenum was suppressed to cause the appearance of metallic molybdenum in the scales and NiO·TiO2 was also increased, while at lower temperatures NiO was combined preferentially with NiO·MoO3 and decreased the NiO·TiO2 content in the surface layer of scales.(3) From measurements of the surface recession, it was found that the progress of oxidation of all the alloys at 1000°C was parabolic and the parabolic rate constant increased in proportion to the molybdenum content. But at 1300°C, the surface layer of scales became porous and no parabolic relation was found in all the alloys.