gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of solvation kinetics in supercritical fluids. Project summary, August 15, 1993--May 3, 1994 (1994)

This project is directed on determining effects of supercritical fluids on salvation and chemical reactions. Sub-projects are: understanding the effects of neat and entrainer-modified supercritical fluids on solute-fluid interactions; determining the influence of supercritical fluids on energetics and dynamics of solute conformation; and probing effects of continuous phase density on internal dynamics of reverse micelles formed in supercritical fluids. In order to follow these fast molecular-level processes, modern picosecond in-situ optical spectroscopy is being used. To date this work has: helped define how ``diffusion controlled`` reactions proceed in supercritical fluids; determined how and on what time scale entrainers preferentially solvate solutes in the near-critical region; shown that the conformation (i.e., reactivity) of flexible solutes can be altered easily with fluid density; shown how lateral diffusion within reverse micelles (formed in supercritical alkanes) is affected by the continuous phase density; and begun to probe how the conformation of polymers can be controlled with supercritical fluids. This is leading to a better molecular-level understanding of the chemistry of supercritical fluids.
Guggulsterone Targets Smokeless Tobacco Induced PI3K/Akt Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer Cells (2011)

In conclusion, GS treatment not only inhibited proliferation, but also induced apoptosis by abrogating the effects of ST/nicotine on PI3K/Akt pathway in head and neck cancer cells. These findings provide a rationale for designing future studies to evaluate the chemopreventive potential of GS in ST/nicotine associated head and neck cancer.
Abstract W MP61: Prevalence of Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Acute Ischemic Stroke (2014)

Introduction: Non-invasive cardiac imaging is an important tool in evaluation of acute ischemic stroke, as a cardiac source can be implicated in approximately 20% of cases. However, the preferred imaging method is unclear due in part to the lack of consistent data regarding the yield of the two most commonly employed modalities, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography (TTE and TEE). Here we examine, in a large, biracial population, the prevalence of abnormalities detected by echocardiography during evaluation of acute ischemic stroke. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke cases were identified from a population of 1.3 million in the Greater Cincinnati area in 2005. Medical history and echocardiography results were determined by retrospective chart review. Echocardiographic abnormalities were pre-defined based on possibility of change in clinical decision making. All cases were abstracted by study nurses and subsequently verified by study physicians. Results were stratified by cardiac history and choice of echocardiographic technique; groups were compared using chi-square test or Fisher’s Exact test. Results: There were 2197 hospital-ascertained ischemic stroke cases in 2005. Median age was 73 (IQR 61-81), 22% were black, and 55% were female. TTE was performed in 68% of cases; TEE was performed in 7%. TEE revealed at least one abnormality in 55% of cases with cardiac history and 32% of cases without (Table). Yield of TTE was 20% in cases with cardiac history and 3% in cases without. Discussion: TEE is of considerable yield in selected patients, irrespective of cardiac history. This is in keeping with prior cost-effectiveness analyses recommending TEE alone for patients in whom suspicion of occult source of cardiac embolism is high. Prevalence of abnormalities on TTE in this population is similar to that of previously published series.
Isotope Effects and the Nature of Enantioselectivity in the Shi Epoxidation. The Importance of Asynchronicity (2005)

The epoxidation of beta-methylstyrene catalyzed by the Shi fructose-derived ketone is studied using experimental kinetic isotope effects and DFT calculations. The observation of a large beta olefinic (13)C isotope effect and small alpha carbon isotope effect is indicative of an asynchronous transition state with more advanced formation of the C-O bond to the beta olefinic carbon. By varying the catalyst conformation and alkene orientation, diverse transition structure geometries were located calculationally, and the lowest-energy structure leads to an accurate prediction of the isotope effects. Given this support for the accuracy of the calculations employed, the nature of enantioselectivity in this and related epoxidations is considered. The lowest-energy transition structures are generally those in which the differential formation of the incipient C-O bonds, the "asynchronicity," resembles that of an unhindered model, and the imposition of greater or less asynchronicity leads to higher barriers. In reactions of cis-disubstituted and terminal alkenes using Shi's oxazolidinone catalyst, the asynchronicity of the epoxidation transition state leads to increased steric interaction with the oxazolidinone when a pi-conjugating substituent is distal to the oxazolidinone but decreased steric interaction when the pi-conjugating substituent is proximal to the oxazolidinone. Overall, the asynchronicity of the transition state must be considered carefully to understand the enantioselectivity.
Laser Fusion Research at Ile Osaka University (1996)

The progress of laser fusion research at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University is reviewed. They are physics investigations on target implosion, development of laser technologies, and R&D for laser fusion power plants. The long term strategy of Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) development has been reexamined taking into account the recent progress of implosion physics and reactor related technologies.
Tests of a two-photon technique for measuring polarization mode dispersion with subfemtosecond precision (1999)

An investigation is made of a recently introduced quantum interferometric method capable of measuring polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on sub-femtosecond scales, without the usual interferometric stability problems associated with such small time scales. The technique makes use of the extreme temporal correlation of orthogonally polarized pairs of photons produced via type-II phase-matched spontaneous parametric down-conversion. When sent into a simple polarization interferometer these photon pairs produce a sharp interference feature seen in the coincidence rate. The PMD of a given sample is determined from the shift of that interference feature as the sample is inserted into the system. The stability and resolution of this technique is shown to be below 0.2 fs. We explore how this precision is improved by reducing the length of the down-conversion crystal and increasing the spectral band pass of the system.
Electron-Beam Measurements of the Magnetic Surfaces in the Proto-Cleo Torsatron (1979)

The shape of the vacuum magnetic surfaces at a fixed toroidal angle in the Proto-Cleo torsatron was investigated by launching a beam of electrons along various magnetic-field lines. After completing a variable number of transits around the major axis, the beam was intercepted by a probe. The locations of the interception points for different numbers of toroidal transits trace out the minor cross section of the magnetic surfaces. A family of three experimentally measured magnetic surface cross sections are compared with computer magnetic surface cross sections. From interception-point location and corresponding time of flight data, the average rotational transform for each surface is calculated.
Quantum Mechanical Processors Based on Organized Molecular Assemblies (1998)

Abstract A practical model of a quantum logic gate is proposed, which consists of two photo-induced, charge-separating molecular systems. Basic concept of quantum computing and recent studies in ultrafast photophysical processes in highly organized molecular assemblies are reviewed.
Improving academic leadership and oversight in large industry-sponsored clinical trials: the ARO-CRO model (2010)

Standards for clinical trial design, execution, and publication have increased in recent years. However, the current structure for interaction among the pharmaceutical sponsor funding a drug or device development program, the contract research organization (CRO) that typically assists in executing the trial, regulatory agencies, and academicians, provides inadequate leadership and oversight of the development process. Conventional academic steering committees are not provided with the independent infrastructure by which to verify statistical analyses and conclusions regarding safety and efficacy. We propose an alternative approach centered on partnerships between CROs and university-based academic research organizations (AROs). In this model, the ARO takes responsibility for processes that address journal requirements and regulatory expectations for independent academic oversight (including oversight of Steering Committee and Data and Safety Monitoring Board activities), whereas the CRO provides infrastructure for efficient trial execution, site monitoring, and data management. The ARO engages academic experts throughout the trial process and minimizes conflicts of interest in individual industry relationships via diversification of sponsors, agents, and therapeutic areas. Although numerous models can be entertained, the ARO-CRO model is uniquely structured to meet the demand for greater assurance of integrity in clinical trials and the needs of each stakeholder in the process.
Comparison of gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and two‐dimensional echocardiography for the evaluation of right ventricular thrombi: A case report with autopsy correlation (1988)

In a patient who died of complications of severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure, and sepsis, antemortem two-dimensional (2-D) echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies demonstrated a right ventricular mass which at autopsy proved to be thrombus. The diagnostic features of this mass as imaged by these two methods are compared. This case was complicated in that the patient had a history of right atrial myxoma that had been successfully removed three years previously, and a history of several prior pulmonary emboli. Gated MRI depicted the size, shape, and surface characteristics of the mass more clearly than 2-D echocardiography because MRI provided better contrast and spatial resolution. Both techniques were useful in localizing the mass and showing if it was fixed or mobile. Depiction of tumor attachment was unclear with echocardiography but very clear with MRI. MRI also showed a left pulmonary artery thrombus that was not visualized by 2-D echocardiography. Both techniques provided chamber dimension measurements showing enlargement of the right atrium and ventricle. This case demonstrates that gated MRI provides high-quality images of cardiac anatomy and masses. Gated cardiac MRI should be considered at least complementary and potentially superior to two-dimensional echocardiography in the evaluation of intracardiac masses in certain patients.
Search for gamma rays from dark matter annihilations around intermediate mass black holes with the HESS experiment (2008)

The HESS array of Cherenkov telescopes has performed, from 2004 to 2007, a survey of the inner galactic plane at photon energies above 100 GeV. About 400 hours of data have been accumulated in the region between $\ensuremath{-}30$ and $+60\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{degrees}$ in galactic longitude, and between $\ensuremath{-}3$ and $+3\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{degrees}$ in galactic latitude. Assuming that dark matter is composed of weakly interacting massive particles, we calculate here the HESS sensitivity map for dark matter annihilations, and derive the first experimental constraints on the (''minispikes'') scenario, in which a gamma-ray signal arises from dark matter annihilation around intermediate mass black holes. The data exclude the proposed scenario at a 90% confidence level for dark matter particles with velocity-weighted annihilation cross section $\ensuremath{\sigma}v$ above ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}28}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\text{ }{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and mass between 800 GeV and 10 TeV.
Major outer membrane proteins in the phytopathogenic bacteria<i>Erwinia carotovora</i>subsp.<i>carotovora</i>and subsp.<i>atroseptica</i> (1986)

The major outer membrane proteins from two subspecies of the phytopathogenic bacterium Erwinia carotovora were characterized. Protein patterns of E. carotovora ssp. carotovora isolates showed considerable heterogeneity in respect to both minor and major proteins, whereas isolates of E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica were almost identical. All isolates studied contained only two major proteins with Mr values from 36 500 to 39 500. One of these major proteins resembled the OmpA protein of Escherichia coli: it was heat-modifiable and partially trypsin-sensitive, producing an Mr 24 000 tryptic fragment. The other major protein species showed properties characteristic of porin proteins: it was resistant to trypsin and could be isolated as a protein-peptidoglycan complex.
Hexachlorodisilane (2001)

[13465-77-5] Cl6Si2 (MW 268.88) InChI = 1S/Cl6Si2/c1-7(2,3)8(4,5)6 InChIKey = LXEXBJXDGVGRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (deoxygenation and desulfurization of phosphine oxides, phosphine sulfides, and amine oxides; reducing agent for nitro groups and sulfur diimides) Physical Data: bp 144–145.5 °C; d 1.562 g cm−3. Solubility: sol CHCl3, CH2Cl2, benzene, THF; reacts violently, producing toxic fumes, with H2O, alcohols. Form Supplied in: neat as clear colorless liquid. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: neat liquid and solutions react violently with water and protic solvents to produce HCl gas. Avoid contact with strong bases. Hexachlorodisilane is corrosive and should be handled and stored in a tightly sealed vessel under N2. Store cool. Vapor ignites in air when heated. Avoid prolonged and repeated exposure. Use in a fume hood.
<i>In vivo</i>antifungal effect of<i>Combretum</i>and<i>Terminalia</i>species extracts on cutaneous wound healing in immunosuppressed rats (2010)

Acetone leaf extracts of Combretaceae species Combretum imberbe Wawra, Combretum nelsonii Duemmer, Combretum albopunctatum Suesseng, and Terminalia sericea Burch ex DC and a mixture of asiatic acid and arjunolic acid isolated from C. nelsonii were tested for antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Microsporum canis, and Sporothrix schenckii on wounds of immunocompromised Wistar rats. The therapeutic agents were selected based on low MIC values ranging 0.02-2.5 mg/mL and low toxicity (LC50) ranging 75.7-168.6 microg/mL. Seven circular, full-thickness wounds were made on the back skin of 24 Wistar rats, under general anesthetic and using an aseptic technique. Rats were infected with different fungal pathogens in groups of six. The treatments were administered topically using 20% concentrations of each extract in aqueous cream. Amphotericin B was used as positive control. Erythema, exudate, crust formation, swelling, and ulceration were used to determine the wound healing process. Throughout the experiment, body temperature, measured using a subcutaneous probe, and weight of the rats were found to be within normal ranges. Epithelial closure in all rats occurred by 17 days. There was no significant difference in contraction of the lesion areas treated with different extracts. The variability in erythema at each lesion in rats infected with different fungal pathogens differed with treatments; the lesion without treatment took a longer time to heal in all cases. Exudate formation was observed until day 12 in rats infected with C. albicans and day 8 in rats infected with C. neoformans. In lesions infected with M. canis and S. schenckii, exudate formation was observed until day 10. The treated group presented a rigid, dark, and thick crust formation after day 3 until day 15. During histopathological evaluations, scant fungi were noted in all the wounds, indicating that infection had occurred but had generally cleared. The antifungal potential of crude extracts of selected plants and a mixture of asiatic acid and arjunolic acid on the wounds of immunocompromised rats was confirmed. The extracts of these plants may possibly be further developed into drugs for topical treatment of fungally infected wounds.
Built-in-Self-Test Circuits for Wideband Phased Arrays and Circuits for Millimeter-wave Radiometry and Low-noise Applications (2015)

The thesis presents wide-band built-in self-test circuits (BIST) for phased array systems and high performance circuits for millimeter-wave radiometry and low-noise applications. The 2-15 GHz BIST is designed using a resistive wide-band coupler at the input of each channel and an on-chip oscillator is employed for the test signal and local oscillator generation. An on-chip 8-phase self-correcting I/Q vector receiver and algorithm are introduced for wide-band accuracy. Using the I/Q outputs from 8 different LO phases for one-time calibration, the DC offset, gain and phase imbalance for the system can be determined at each frequency point and eliminated. The BIST can be done at a rate of 1 MHz with greater than 50 dB signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and allows for accurate characterization of the phased array by providing relative gain and phase measurements over a wide frequency range. The BIST results agree well with the VNA measurements, and the 2-15 GHz BIST can determine the channel's relative phase and gain error with 3 and 0.3 dB accuracy, respectively. An RMS detector network is also implemented for absolute gain measurements, and the absolute gain is measured using a pair of detectors located at the input and the output ports. The BIST can measure the absolute gain with 0.5 dB accuracy at 2-15 GHz, and this feature can be employed to detect under-performing units in the field for self-healing mechanisms.Next, a D-band radiometer centered at 136 GHz is presented. The radiometer is realized with a 35 dB gain low-noise amplifier and a detector in the IBM 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS process. The on-chip radiometer results in a measured minimum NEP of 1.4 fW/Hz1/2 and a peak responsivity of 52 MV/W. With a low 1/f corner frequency (&lt;100 Hz) and a noise bandwidth &gt;10 GHz, this system is suitable for high-resolution imaging applications. For an integration time of 3.125 mS, the minimum noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD) is measured to be 0.25K using different independent methods and is the lowest NETD demonstrated in silicon technologies at D-band frequencies.Finally, X- and K-band low-noise amplifiers (LNA) in a 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS process are presented with measured mean noise figure of 1.2 dB and 2.2 dB, respectively. A method of noise match optimization with respect to base inductance in SiGe LNA design with large transistors is proposed and explained in detail. The LNAs result in peak gain of 24.2 and 19 dB at 8.5 and 19.5 GHz and IIP3 of -11 and -4 dBm at 10 and 20 GHz, respectively. To the authors' best knowledge, these results outperform all available CMOS designs and achieve the lowest mean noise figure at X- and K-bands in any SiGe or CMOS process at the time of publication. Another K-band LNA is also implemented in 45 nm IBM CMOS SOI process and results in 2.2 dB mean noise figure with 19 dB peak gain. The details of this design are presented in the appendix.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Organomanganese Chlorides by Aryl Bromides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The preparation and properties of xanthydrol as a reagent for urea (1929)

F. G. Kny-Jones and A. M. Ward, Analyst, 1929, 54, 574 DOI: 10.1039/AN9295400574
Optically Pumped Potassium Vapor Laser (2007)

We present an optically pumped continuous wave Potassium vapor laser operating in a single longitudinal and a single transverse mode at 770 nm. The measured value of the slope efficiency was 20%.
HEMODYNAMIC RESPONSE TO CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF DOBUTAMINE IN ALAGILLE???S SYNDROME (2001)

The increase in cardiac index, in response to dobutamine in patients with Alagille's syndrome, is independent of the more conventional measurement of the right ventricular pressure. This method of producing a hemodynamic response is closer to the response that results after liver transplantation, and thus, it may be a better way of predicting the outcome of liver transplantation in these patients.
Analyzing Utility of Visual Context in Multimodal Speech Recognition Under Noisy Conditions (2019)

Multimodal learning allows us to leverage information from multiple sources (visual, acoustic and text), similar to our experience of the real world. However, it is currently unclear to what extent auxiliary modalities improve performance over unimodal models, and under what circumstances the auxiliary modalities are useful. We examine the utility of the auxiliary visual context in Multimodal Automatic Speech Recognition in adversarial settings, where we deprive the models from partial audio signal during inference time. Our experiments show that while MMASR models show significant gains over traditional speech-to-text architectures (upto 4.2% WER improvements), they do not incorporate visual information when the audio signal has been corrupted. This shows that current methods of integrating the visual modality do not improve model robustness to noise, and we need better visually grounded adaptation techniques.
Meso-Structured Silica-Nafion Hybrid Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2012)

A series of novel organic-inorganic hybrid membranes have been prepared employing Nafion and acid-functionalized meso-structured molecular sieves (MMS) with varying structures and surface area. Acid-functionalized silica nanopowder of surface area 60 m2/g, silica meso-structured cellular foam (MSU-F) of surface area 470 m2/g and silica meso-structured hexagonal frame network (MCM-41) of surface area 900 m2/g have been employed as potential filler materials to form hybrid membranes with Nafion framework. The structural behavior, water uptake, proton conductivity and methanol permeability of these hybrid membranes have been investigated. DMFCs employing Nafion-silica MSU-F and Nafion-silica MCM-41 hybrid membranes deliver peak-power densities of 127 mW/cm2 and 100 mW/cm2, respectively; while a peak-power density of only 48 mW/cm2 is obtained with the DMFC employing pristine recast Nafion membrane under identical operating conditions. The aforesaid characteristics of the hybrid membranes could be exclusively attributed to the presence of pendant sulfonic acid groups in the filler, which provide fairly continuous proton-conducting pathways between filler and matrix in the hybrid membranes facilitating proton transport without any trade-off between its proton conductivity and methanol crossover.