gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A syngeneic idiotype is immunogenic when borne by IgM but tolerogenic when joined to IgG (1995)

Some syngeneic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) elicit immune responses like conventional T-dependent antigens. To find out whether the heavy chain class (isotype) plays a role for the immunogenicity of an idiotype (Id), we isolated rare subclones of an IgM mAb (termed Id3) in which the variable region of the heavy chain (VH) is associated with a new constant region (CH). The VH-Id3 gene is a member of the murine 36-60 family and probably has three replacement mutations. The light chain V gene is germ-line V lambda 2. IgM, IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b variants of Id3 were purified from protein-free medium and injected without adjuvant into BALB/c mice. The parental 19S IgM mAb given subcutaneously (s.c.) elicited a vigorous humoral response against Id3; in comparison, monomeric 8S IgM was a much weaker immunogen. Unlike IgM, multiple challenges with the IgG switch variants failed to induce anti-Id3 Ab. IgG variants gained immunogenicity if they were purified from medium containing fetal calf serum, mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant or injected into mice primed with IgM-Id3. Pretreatment with 100 micrograms s.c. + 50 micrograms of the IgG2a variant extinguished the Ab response to parental IgM, but the response to adjuvant-free bovine serum albumin was intact. Therefore, the tolerance induced by the IgG2a switch variant is antigen-specific and not due to toxicity. Significant inhibition of the Ab response to parental IgM was observed after treatment with 4 micrograms of the IgG2a switch variant. Administration of the IgG1 and IgG2b switch variants also inhibited this response significantly. Thus, the outcome of an encounter with Id3 is strongly influenced by the CH isotype to which the Id is joined. This suggests novel ways to minimize unwanted Ab responses against Id of human therapeutic mAb. In the context of the theory of Id networks, we suggest that dominant B cell clones can preempt anti-Id Ab responses against themselves by early switching from IgM to IgG secretion, before immunogenic IgM Ab have had time to activate anti-Id B cells.
Synthesis, Structure, and Photophysical Properties of Luminescent Platinum(II) Complexes Containing Cyclometalated 4-Styryl-Functionalized 2-Phenylpyridine Ligands (2006)

A series of new luminescent cyclometalated platinum(II) complexes functionalized with various substituted styryl groups on the cyclometallating ligand [Pt(C/\N-ppy-4-styryl-R)(O/\O-(O)CCR'CHCR'C(O))] (ppy-4-styryl-R = E-4(4-(R)styryl-2-phenylpyridine) (3, R' = Me (acac); 4, R' = (t)Bu (dpm); R = H, OMe, NEt2, NO2) have been prepared. All complexes undergo an E-Z photoisomerization process in CH2Cl2 solution under sunlight, as monitored by 1H NMR. The solid-state structures of 3-OMe, 3-NEt2, 3-NO2, and 4-OMe have been determined by X-ray diffraction studies and compare well with optimized geometries obtained by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The orbital pictures of 3-H, 3-OMe, and 3-NO 2 are very similar, the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) being highly Pt(5d) metal-based. For 3-NMe2, an additional contribution from the amino-styryl fragment leads to a decreased metal parentage of the HOMO, suggesting a predominantly ILCT character transition. Complexes 3-H, 3-OMe, and 3-NO2 show a low-energy band (350-400 nm) assigned to predominantly charge-transfer transitions. The amino derivative 3-NEt2 displays a very strong absorption band at 432 nm, tentatively assigned to a mixture of ILCT (Et2N --> CH=CH) and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) (dpi(Pt) --> pi) transitions. Complexes 3 are weakly luminescent in CH2Cl2 solution at room temperature; the low intensity may be due to a competitive quenching through the E-Z photoisomerization process. All complexes exhibit similar structured emission bands under these conditions (around 520 nm), independent of the nature of the styryl-R group. In a frozen EPA glass (77 K), the spectrum of the representative complex 3-H exhibits two sets of vibronically structured bands (460-560, 570-800 nm; lambda(max) = 596 nm), due to the presence of two emitting species, the E and Z isomers, which have significantly different triplet excited-state energies. The other three complexes show similar behavior to 3-H at 77 K, but the lower-energy emission bands are progressively red-shifted in the order H < OMe < NO2 < NEt2 (e.g., for 3-NEt2, lambda(max)(em) = 658 nm; tau = 26 micros). The very large red-shift compared to related unsubstituted complexes (e.g., to [Pt(C/\N-ppy)(O/\O-acac)]) is the result of the extension of the pi-conjugated system and the electronic effects of substituent R.
Quantitative Dietary Lysine Requirement of Atlantic Salmon (<i>Salmo salar</i>) Fingerlings (1993)

Triplicate groups of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fingerlings, initial mean weight 4.7 ± 0.2 g, were fed to satiation diets containing 1.24, 1.76, 1.90, 2.19, 2.45, 2.68, and 2.94% lysine and 24.1 MJ of gross energy per kilogram of diet (dry matter basis, DMB) for 70 d. The fish were reared in brackish water (10 ppt) at a temperature of 15 ± 0.9 °C on a 12-h photoperiod. The dietary requirement for lysine, estimated by broken-line regression of growth against dietary lysine level (DMB), was 1.99 ± 0.11%, or 3.98% of the protein when protein was 50.0% of the diet. A dietary lysine requirement of 1.84 ± 0.16% (DMB) was estimated from broken-line regression of expired 14 CO 2 (following an intraperitoneal injection of L-[U – 14 C]lysine) against dietary lysine concentration. Except for loss of appetite, resulting in low food intake and depressed growth, no nutritional deficiency signs were observed in fish fed a lysine-deficient diet for 140 d.
PVP-functionalized nanometre scale metal oxide coatings for cathode materials: successful application to LiMn2O4 spinel nanoparticles (2008)

PVP functionalized metal oxide coatings on spinel nanoparticles demonstrated significantly improved rate characteristics under extensive cycling at 65 degrees C and exhibited over 100% improved capacity retention compared to the bare counterpart.
A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR TACTICAL PLANNING IN RAIL FREIGHT TRANSPORTATION (1984)

CANADIAN NATIONAL CANAT DETERMINISTIC SIMULATION MODEL COMPARED WITH NETWORK OPTIMIZATION MODEL DEVELOPED AT UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL
Looking down the road: A projection of how five major factors will impact the car of tomorrow (1977)

Predictions often appear ludicrous, even shortly after they have been made. Nevertheless, to make sound decisions concerning policies and their implementation, one must consider the range of “probable futures.” Since the automobile plays such a dominant role in U.S. society and economy, it is particularly necessary to consider the future in formulating policies that affect it. Just as Government actions have had a large influence on the development of the automobile transportation system in the past — in areas such as highway construction, vehicle safety standards, emissions control, and fuel economy — so will future Government actions continue to influence the use and characteristics of the automobile.
Ligand Binding Site of Tear Lipocalin:  Contribution of a Trigonal Cluster of Charged Residues Probed by 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic Acid (2008)

Human tear lipocalin (TL) exhibits diverse functions, most of which are linked to ligand binding. To map the binding site of TL for some amphiphilic ligands, we capitalized on the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS). In single Trp mutants, resonance energy transfer from Trp to ANS indicates that the naphthalene group of ANS is proximate to Leu105 in the cavity. Binding energies of TL to ANS and its analogues reveal contributions from electrostatic interactions. The sulfonate group of ANS interacts strongly with the nonconserved intracavitary residue Lys114 and less with neighboring residues His84 and Glu34. This trigonal cluster of residues may play a role in the ligand recognition site for some negatively charged ligands. Because many drugs possess sulfonate groups, the trigonal cluster-sulfonate interaction can also be exploited as a lipocalin-based drug delivery mechanism. The binding of lauric acid and its analogues shows that fatty acids assume heterogeneous orientations in the cavity of TL. Predominantly, the hydrocarbon tail is buried in the cavity of TL and the carboxyl group is oriented toward the mouth. However, TL can also interact, albeit relatively weakly, with fatty acids oriented in the opposite direction. As the major lipid binding protein of tears, the ability to accommodate fatty acids in two opposing orientations may have functional implications for TL. At the aqueous-lipid interface, fatty acids whose carboxyl groups are positioned toward the aqueous phase are available for interaction with TL that could augment stability of the tear film.
The Production Frontier (1989)

This paper presents a system of equations that can be used for modeling the production function in computerized business simulations. A review of a sample of contemporary business games demonstrates that most designers have production algorithms that are incomplete or inconsistent with the theory of production. The production system presented in the paper uses a continuous multiplicative functional form which is flexible and allows the designer to specify and control for: diminishing returns, points of inflection, output elasticities, and returns to scale. The complete production system consists of fifteen equations in which the first nine define the production frontier (i.e., outside boundary) and six optional functions allow the designer to incorporate input inefficiencies and/or improvements into the model. A numerical example demonstrates use of the frontier.
High‐performance styrenic thermoplastic vulcanizates for long‐term application (2007)

Abstract Styrenic thermoplastic vulcanizates (STPVs) were developed for long‐term high‐temperature applications. These STPVs consist of polypropylene as the continuous phase and a crosslinked modified hydrogenated styrenic block copolymer (mHSBC) as the dispersed phase. The present study compared STPVs with conventional TPVs (CTPVs) containing EPDM/PP. The STPVs showed a 20% improvement in solvent resistance after 500 h of immersion in IRM 903 oil at 125°C, and the swelling of oil did not increase with time. The elastic recovery was 50% better than with CTPVs. Tensile property retention was approximately 10% higher after aging for 1440 h at 125°C when compared to CTPVs. These observed property improvements for STPVs relative to conventional TPVs can possibly be explained by the unique morphology of the resulting STPV compounds. These performance characteristics make STPVs more suitable for high‐temperature air and chemical environmental applications. This new TPV technology is expected to bridge the gap between polypropylene/EPDM TPVs and more costly engineering TPVs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
A collaborative platform for fixed and mobile networks (2002)

C/Webtop: providing users with a means for collaborating while on the move.
Constrained non‐linear velocity inversion of seismic reflection data (1999)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999Constrained non‐linear velocity inversion of seismic reflection dataAuthors: Side JinSide JinCGG Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820737 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820737FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byDip constrained non-linear slope tomography: an application to shallow channels characterizationPatrice Guillaume, Mathieu Reinier, Gilles Lambaré, Alexandre Cavalié, Monica Iren Adamsen, and Benny Munch Bruun9 January 2014 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1999ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1999 Pages: 2061 publication data© 1999 Copyright © 1999 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 04 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Side Jin, (1999), "Constrained non‐linear velocity inversion of seismic reflection data," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1259-1262. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1820737 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Methods for evaluating the efficacy of biocides against sessile bacteria (1987)

Dual pilot plant cooling towers were designed and constructed to conduct comparative evaluations of biocides in water systems. The towers were built with instrumentation used to control and monitor environmental parameters. The control of parameters such as pH and conductivity can be used to determine the impact of environmental conditions on biocidal activities. In this paper, the authors describe the cooling towers and give examples of methods that they have developed and incorporated into their cooling systems to detect biological fouling. These methods include a sessile (attached) bacteria monitor, and annual differential pressure device for calculating biological and/or inorganic fouling thicknesses, and an algae collection surface used for gravimetric analysis. The authors concentrated on detecting biological fouling because it is the sessile microorganisms that present the majority of the problems in cooling towers. These problems include pitting corrosion, reduced heat transfer efficiency, restricted flow, and reduced cooling tower performance.
Effect of air-gap distance on the morphology and thermal properties of polyethersulfone hollow fibers (1997)

By using 30/70 polyethersulfone/NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) solutions as an example, we have determined the role of air-gap distance on nascent fiber morphology, performance, and thermal properties. An increase in air-gap distance results in a hollow fiber with a less layer of fingerlike voids and a significant lower permeance. For the first time we have reported that the Tg of a dry-jet wet-spun fiber prepared from one-polymer/one-solvent systems is lower than that of a wet-spun fiber, and Tg decreases with an increase in air-gap distance. These interesting phenomena arise from the fact that different precipitation paths take place during the wet-spinning and dry-jet wet-spinning processes. Wet-spun fibers experience vigorous and almost instantaneous coagulations; it results in hollow fiber skins with a long-range random, unoriented chain entanglement, but loose structure. Dry-jet wet-spun fibers first go through a moisture-induced phase separation process and then a wet-phase inversion process; it results in external fiber skins with a short-range random, compact, and slightly oriented or stretched structure. As a result, the outskin of wet-spun fibers have a greater free volume and a higher first Tg than that of the dry-jet wet-spun ones. Both SEM (scanning electronic microscope) photomicrographs and DSC (differential scanning calorimeter) analyses support our conclusion. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1067–1077, 1997
Free Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization of 4-n-Hexyl- and 4-n-Decyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolanes (1982)

Abstract Two alkyl-substituted cyclic ketene acetals, 4-n-hexyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (4) and 4-n-decyl-2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (6), were shown to undergo free radical ring-opening polymerization with the introduction of an ester group into the backbone of an addition polymer. The spontaneous polymerization of 4 (presumable by an ionic mechanism) produced a polymer containing no ring-opened units; furthermore 4 and 6 could be stabilized with respect to spontaneous polymerization by the addition of small amounts of pyridine. On the other hand, the polymerization of 4 in a 50% (by weight) benzene solution at 110°C with di-tertbutyl peroxide as the catalyst gave quantitative ring opening to give a polyester containing both possible isomeric ring-opened units. Bulk polymerization of 4 at 60°C at 53% conversion gave 50% ring opening which was divided 31% to 19% between cleavage to give the intermediate secondary free radical and the intermediate primary radical. Copolymerization of 4 with equimolar quantities of styrene at 110°C gave at 56% conversion a copolymer consisting of 67% styrene units, 22% ester-containing units resulting from cleavage to form a secondary radical, 7% of the isomeric ester-containing units, and 4% nonring-opened units. Polymerization studies with monomer 6 gave results very similar to those obtained with 4.
REGIOSELECTIVE PHOTOREDUCTION OF ZINC(II) PORPHYRINS TO GIVE CHLORINS (1991)

The ascorbic acid/organic base photoreduction of zinc(II) porphyrins was investigated. It was established that certain substituents can direct the photoreduction to the site of the macrocycle to which they are attached. For example, zinc(II) vinylporphyrins (8, 12, 16, 20) are photoreduced with cis stereochemistry on the ring bearing the vinyl group to give the corresponding chlorins. Zinc(II) acetylporphyrins (22, 24) were likewise reduced to chlorins such that cis-hydrogenation took place on the ring bearing the acetyl group. Zinc(II) formylporphyrins 33 also appear to reduce at the ring bearing the formyl group. When the zinc(II) acrylic porphyrin 28 was photoreduced, reduction did take place at the ring bearing the acrylic side chain, but migration of the acrylate double bond was very rapid, and the product isolated was the corresponding porphyrin propionate 30. Reduction of a zinc(II) porphyrin 35 bearing both a vinyl group and a nuclear carboxylic ester took place at the ring bearing the carboxylic ester. The reaction provides a general method for regioselective synthesis of chlorins from zinc(II) porphyrins without any evidence of formation of over-reduction products characteristic of many other procedures for formation of chlorins from porphyrin precursors.
MIMO multiplexer based on film bulk acoustic resonator (2010)

A miniature multiplexer based on Film Bulk Acoustic Resonator (FBAR) is designed for Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) terminal combined 1900MHz PCS duplexer with 800MHz Cellular duplexer in this paper. FBAR multiplexer is simulated based on a new FBAR model which combines Mason equivalent circuit model with parasitics model. The parasitics, including RF pads, bonding wires and substrate coupling, have some effects on multiplexer insertion loss and stopband rejection. The methods of modifying bandwidth, improving power capacity and temperature coefficient are also discussed.
Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Glass and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites (2016)

The material properties of S-2 glass-epoxy, IM6 graphite-epoxy, and hybrid glasscarbon epoxy composites have been studied to determine their suitability for composite rotor fabrication. For both the S-2 and IM6 materials, tension specimens in the form of longitudinal and transverse coupons and torsion specimens in the form of hoop wrapped and axial wrapped tubes were fabricated and tested to determine mechanical and electrical properties. Volume fractions for the samples were analyzed using electron microscopy and analysis by digestion. The results of the mechanical experiments were compared to rule of mixtures and Halpin-Tsai correlations for composite material properties as well as to torsion test results for a hybrid glass-carbon fiber reinforced tube.
Measuring the Effective Air Void Content of Portland Cement Pervious Pavements (2003)

Abstract The current literature indicates that air voids of Portland Cement Pervious Pavements (PCPP) should be 15–25%, to achieve desired permeability. However, there is no current AASHTO or ASTM test method to determine PCPP air voids. This study is an attempt to modify currently available hot-mix asphalt (HMA) air determination techniques for PCPP. The equation used to determine air voids in HMA is Percent Air Voids=100(1−Gmb/Gmm). Where Gmb is the bulk specific gravity of the specimen and Gmm is the theoretical maximum specific gravity of loose HMA. Previous research on HMA cores at Tennessee Technological University (TTU) has shown the INSTROTEK CORELOK SYSTEM to be a most effective means of determining Gmb of a material with surface accessible voids. Therefore, it was selected for determining Gmb of the PCPP cores. Gmm of PCPP cores must be determined in a compacted condition. Therefore, three modified techniques for determining the “effective” G” of PCPP were used. Air voids calculated from the effective Gmm will be referred to as effective air voids. Specifically, effective air voids are air voids accessible from the surface, which effect PCPP permeability. Thirty-three field PCPP cores were used in the study. The “cut bag method” using the INSTROTEK CORELOK SYSTEM was found to be the most accurate in determining the effective air voids of the PCPP cores. Further, compressive strengths of all cores were also determined. As expected, compressive strength of PCPP cores was inversely related to effective air voids. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.367–0.989.
Hard Superconductivity: Theory of the Motion of Abrikosov Flux Lines (1964)

The basic ideas of flux-creep theory (i.e., theory of motion of quantized flux lines) for hard superconductors are reviewed and evaluated. The qualitative predictions of this theory are compared with experimentally observed phenomena. (T.F.H.)
The use of an artificial neural network to improve precision in trace level, quantitative analysis of heavy metal pollutants (1995)

The author has used various neural networks to process the response obtained from an electroanalytical technique used for the analysis of trace metal pollutants in liquids. A previous paper by H.S. Manwaring (1994), compared the capabilities of the GRNN and MLP in this respect. It is shown that using the neural network to make predictions of unknown sample concentrations shows an improvement, by a factor of about two, on the mean absolute error and the prediction confidence when compared with a traditional, calibration curve technique. In addition, the neural network method is shown to produce reliable predictions even with instrumental responses that are completely unsuitable for traditional processing.
Optimization of Oscillator of Clad-Pumped Fiber Lasers and High Brightness-Compressibility. (1997)

An Nd-doped rectangular double-clad fiber (DCF) laser pumped with a 10W fiber coupled LD is demonstrated. Furthermore, the two ends of the fiber are bundled together to achieve efficient matching with the LD. With such a configuration, about 5.4 W of the pump light is launched into the first-cladding and 2.8W laser output is obtained. A slope efficiency of 58% with respect to launched pump power has been achieved. The brightness compressibility of source to laser emission reaches to 700. It is found that the open-cavity is an optimal resonator for clad-pumped fiber lasers.
Skin Infections: Diagnosis and Treatment (2010)

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