gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The application of automatic gain control to microwave radiometers (1964)

An automatic gain control system for stabilizing the gain of microwave radiometers is described. System analysis sets forth the requirements for gain and bandwidth of the AGC loop. Two systems are described. One is a continuous AGC system that maintains a constant detector voltage and, as a result, the system gain is a function of the input signal. For input signals which are small compared to the system noise temperatures the nonlinearity due to the AGC system is negligible. In the second system, the output of the detector is sampled when the receiver comparison switch is connected to the reference termination. Therefore, the gain of the system is not affected by the signal and no nonlinearity is caused by the AGC system. The effect of noise in the AGC loop is analyzed and it is shown that the time constant of the AGC system can be made shorter than the final system output filter without increasing the over-all system noise.
Agent Technologies for Control Applications in the Power Grid (2010)

Remotely controlled network devices will transform the way power systems are operated and studied. One possible application for this is the use of agent based technologies to implement decentralized control algorithms. The agents would perform local control actions instead of centralized control actions. Two cases are presented. The second case would be examined in detail. In the first case, the power losses were minimized using a decentralized algorithm and the results were similar to those found using a centralized algorithm. In the second case, transmission line overloads are relieved by controlling the load in the system. For this case, a detailed algorithm to control loads was presented to show the integration that would be required between the transmission and distribution network. This work showed that to implement decentralized control a reliable communication network within the power system will be necessary.
Propuesta de una metodología integrada para la evaluación del riesgo profesional (2011)

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el de contribuir a la definicion de un concepto de riesgos profesionales derivado de un enfoque sistemico e integrado y, en consecuencia, proponer una metodologia para la evaluacion de riesgos profesionales, incluso una seriacion de las etapas de analisis basada en un conjunto de criterios y de herramientas que permitan, caso a caso, su aplicacion de una forma coherente y universal. La aproximacion al concepto de riesgo sera sistemica, ya que se tendra en cuenta el sistema complejo que marca a cualquier proceso de produccion, analizando sus distintos subsistemas, y en particular la contribucion de cada uno para la formacion del riesgo. Sera integrado, ya que considera que el riesgo solo puede ser adecuadamente identificado e evaluado tanto desde el evento hasta sus causas mas alla por un lado y hasta sus ultimas consecuencias por otro. Aun se integraran en un punto de vista vertical, porque la metodologia que se desarrollo contiene las herramientas necesarias para evaluar el riesgo de una manera cualitativa y de una manera cuantitativa, incluyendo el analisis de la criticidad y de la relacion coste/beneficio. Es con respecto a este ultimo aspecto, que se estructurara el estudio de una metodologia para la evaluacion de riesgos, que pueda ser aplicable en muchas situaciones diferentes (en general, universal) y que conduzca a resultados consistentes y reproducibles
Note on the Spherical Harmonic Method As Applied to the Milne Problem for a Sphere (1947)

The spherical analog of the Milne problem for the half-plane is treated by an approximate method based on expanding the neutron distribution function in a finite number of spherical harmonics. The results are improved markedly in going from the first to the second approximation and more slowly in higher approximations. The neutron distribution is calculated in the first two approximations. Values of the "extrapolated endpoint"---as predicted by the first three approximations---are tabulated in Table I as a function of the radius of the sphere.
The amateur action case (1996)

Back in February of 1991 Robert Alan Thomas, a former furniture mover with a keen interest in computers, opened a bulletin board system with 12 photos and a single phone line. From his home in Milpitas, California, Thomas and his wife Carleen worked long hours, sometimes throufh the night to scan in new, hard to find photographs. but by 1994 the overtime had paid off. The Thomas' BBS had more than 3600 subscribers, and their income had exceeded $800 000.
Rethinking Complex Neural Network Architectures for Document Classification (2019)

Ashutosh Adhikari, Achyudh Ram, Raphael Tang, Jimmy Lin. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
Thermodynamic study of adsorption of phenolic compounds onto Amberlite XAD-4 polymeric adsorbents and its acetylized derivative MX-4. (2002)

Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of phenolic compounds, phenol, p-cresol, p-chlorophenol and p-nitrophenol, from aqueous solutions by Amberlite XAD-4 polymeric adsorbent and its acetylized derivative MX-4 within temperature range of 283-323K were obtained and fitted to the Freundlich isotherms. The capacities of equilibrium adsorption for all four phenolic compounds from their aqueous solutions increased around 20% on the acetylized resin, which may be contributed to the specific surface area and the partial polarity on the network. Estimations of the isosteric enthalpy, free energy, and entropy for the adsorption process were reported.
Alfieri (1860)

Alfieri Get access A. Z. A. Z. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-X, Issue 236, 7 July 1860, Page 8, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-X.236.8i Published: 07 July 1860
Synthesis of Chromane Derivatives via Indium-mediated Intramolecular Allenylation and Allylation to Imines (2004)

Indium-mediated intramolecular allylation and allenylation to carbonyl groups have been good methods to prepare chromane structures.1,2 There are, however, still some limitations in these transformations. Especially, in the case of allylation mixtures of cis and trans isomers are always produced in about 2 : 1 ratio (cis/trans). The ratio was not improved under the various reaction conditions we attempted.
Neuronal distribution in the putamen in Huntington's disease. (1985)

The numbers of neurons were counted in the ventral and dorsal anterior and ventral and dorsal posterior part of the putamen of 11 Huntington's disease and nine control patients. The process of neuronal cell loss in Huntington's disease proved to be unevenly spread throughout the putamen; the ventral anterior part was relatively spared as compared with the other parts of the putamen. A significantly higher number of neurons was found in the ventral part of the putamen in the controls.
Exploring structural requirements of unconventional Knoevenagel-type indole derivatives as anticancer agents through comparative QSAR modeling approaches (2016)

An indole ring system is considered as a versatile scaffold in the pharmaceutical field. In this article, comparative QSAR modeling (2D-QSAR, 3D-QSAR; kNN-MFA and CoMSIA) was performed on some Knoevenagel-type cytotoxic indole derivatives to understand the structural requirements for the cytotoxic property of these compounds. The 2D-QSAR model was statistically significant and imparted high predictive ability (n Train = 30; R = 0.917; [Formula: see text] = 0.801; [Formula: see text] = 0.757; Q 2 = 0.722; n Test = 9; [Formula: see text] = 0.799). A statistically significant 3D-QSAR kNN-MFA model (both with stepwise forward and simulated annealing model selection method) as well as a 3D-QSAR CoMSIA model was developed to identify the key chemical features associated with enhancing the cytotoxic activities of these indoles. The results suggest that the presence of bulky group in R position can cause better cytotoxic activities. Consequently, substitution with cyano group at X portion and cyano/ester/keto/sulphonyl features at Y position is favourable for the cytotoxicity. However, hydrophobic features in R′ region are unfavourable for the biological activity. The chemical and structural features identified from the study may provide important avenues to modulate the structure of these indoles to a desirable biological end point.
Industry 4.0: a vision for personalized medicine supply chains? (2016)

Industry 4.0 foresees a digital transformation of manufacturing resulting in smart factories and supply chains. At the heart of the concept lies the vision of interconnected materials, goods and machines, where goods find their way through the factory and the supply chain to the customer in a self-organized manner. Industry 4.0 is gaining traction in high value manufacturing sectors. This expert insight article explores what this technology-driven vision has to offer the biopharmaceutical industry, and in particular cell and gene therapies.
Identification and characterization of thiol proteases released in vitro by Fasciola hepatica (1990)

Fasciola hepatica excretory/secretory (E/S) products were obtained by culturing liver flukes invitro for 16 hours. When these E/S products were analyzed by gelatin substrate sodiumdodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) two groups of proteases wererevealed. Group 2 proteases were active in the pH range 4.5-8.0, while Group 1 proteaseswere most active in the pH range 3.0-4.5. Activity of all proteases was enhanced by thereducing agents cysteine and DTT. Based on these studies and on inhibitor studies bothgroups of proteases were identified as thiol proteases. Also consistent with thiol proteases all\no f the enzymes bound to an organomercurial column. Antiserum against these thiol proteases eluted from this column was prepared. Using this antiserum in immunolocalization studies we showed that these enzymes are secreted by the gut epithelial cells. The antiserum was also\nused to screen an adult fluke cDNA expression library; however, no recombinant clones were identified. Rabbit IgG was incubated with the E/S products or papain. Analysis by SDSPAGE revealed that both preparations resulted in the cleavage of IgG heavy chain into two fragments o f 28 and 22 kDa. HPLC analysis o f the E/S products yielded three major peaks. The IgG cleaving enzyme was found to be associated with peak m of approximately 15 kDa. Using the substrate Z-Phe-Arg-AMC we showed that this peak also contained cathepsin B activity. Consistent with cathepsin B enzymes the enzyme in peak m was found to be a thiol protease with optimal activity at pH 4.5. Gelatin substrate PAGE analysis showed that peak IQ correlated with the acidic Group 1 proteases. DPC, which inhibits enzymes containing histidine in their active site, totally inactivated the enzyme in peak IQ and inhibited the\ncleavage o f IgG by this enzyme. This result is consistent with this enzyme being categorized as a cathepsin B since these enzymes have histidine residues involved in catalytic activity.
Filamentous fungal characterizations by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2009)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight intact cell mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF ICMS) is coming of age for the identification and characterization of fungi. The procedure has been used extensively with bacteria. UV-absorbing matrices function as energy mediators that transfer the absorbed photoenergy from an irradiation source to the surrounding sample molecules, resulting in minimum fragmentation. A surprisingly high number of fungal groups have been studied: (i) the terverticillate penicillia, (ii) aflatoxigenic, black and other aspergilli, (iii) Fusarium, (iv) Trichoderma, (iv) wood rotting fungi (e.g. Serpula lacrymans) and (v) dermatophytes. The technique has been suggested for optimizing quality control of fungal Chinese medicines (e.g. Cordyceps). MALDI-TOF ICMS offers advantages over PCR. The method is now used in taxonomic assessments (e.g. Trichoderma) as distinct from only strain characterization. Low and high molecular mass natural products (e.g. peptaibols) can be analysed. The procedure is rapid and requires minimal pretreatment. However, issues of reproducibility need to be addressed further in terms of strains of species tested and between run variability. More studies into the capabilities of MALDI-TOF ICMS to identify fungi are required.
Effect of Propranolol on Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Its Hemodynamic Correlates during Upright Exercise (1973)

Measurements were made of heart rate, aortic blood pressure, systolic ejection period/beat, myocardial blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption in nine normal young men during three bouts of upright bicycle exercise: 1) at the workload which produced a heart rate of 120 beats/minute, 2) at the higher workload necessary to produce a heart rate of 120 beats/minute after administration of intravenous propranolol 0.25 mg/kg, and 3) with infusion of propranolol, at the same workload as the first exercise bout. Comparing exercises 1 and 2, we found a much higher workload was required to produce the same heart rate after propranolol. The blood pressure, heart rate-blood pressure product, and myocardial oxygen consumption were the same despite the much greater level of exertion. Comparing exercises 1 and 3, the heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate-blood pressure product, and myocardial oxygen consumption were all significantly lower during exercise 3 after propranolol despite the fact that the same degree of exercise was being done. As in previous studies, the heart rate-blood pressure product was an excellent correlate of myocardial oxygen consumption despite the change in contractility induced by propranolol. The systolic ejection period was prolonged significantly altering the tension-time index (TTI), which became an inadequate index of myocardial oxygen consumption. It is concluded that the heart rate-blood pressure product is a good index of myocardial metabolic needs during exercise and the relationship is undistorted by marked changes in contractility, but the tension-time index is a poor correlate. This data emphasizes the fact that the relative metabolic loads for the whole body and for the heart are determined separately and may not change in parallel with a given intervention.
Coordinating a society of switch agents for power distribution service restoration in a smart grid (2011)

In this paper, we use advanced multi-agent technologies to establish a smart power grid to solve the power distribution restoration problems. Specifically, we modeled switches in the power distribution systems as intelligent agents who can communicate and coordinate together to find a global optimal solution to the power distribution service restoration problems. We modeled the society of intelligent switch agents as local power committees in a distribution system and propose a coordination method for the distributed local power committees so that they could reach a consensus among many proposed service restoration solutions after faults are detected in the distribution feeders. We show how the local switch agent committees find the global optimal restoration solution to all local power demand issues through communicating and propagating the power demand issues, proposing local candidate solutions and combine issues and solutions and finally finding solution by constraint satisfaction. We also compare our multiagent approach to the traditional methods and benchmark problems from power restoration research literatures and show satisfactory performance results.
On building minimum cost communication networks (1973)

Abstract The notion of an „exact”︁ test for improving network solutions is discussed. Computational results are presented which indicate the power of „exact”︁ tests relative to current marginal pricing schemes. It is conjectured that each cycle in an optimal solution must contain at least \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ 1 + \frac{1}{{1^\alpha - 1}} $\end{document} links, where the cost of a link of length l and capacity y is proportional to 1·y α , 0 ≦ α ≦ 1. A simple „exact”︁ test is presented for the one termianl TELPAK problem.
Production of amines in equine cecal contents in an in vitro model of carbohydrate overload (2002)

Acute laminitis can be induced experimentally in horses by the administration of carbohydrate, resulting in fermentation within the cecum and ischemia-reperfusion of the digits. The products of fermentation that trigger acute laminitis are as yet unknown; however, compounds such as amines might play a role due to their potential vasoactive properties. The objectives of this study were to quantify the amines present in equine cecal contents and to use a model of carbohydrate overload in vitro to test the hypothesis that carbohydrate fermentation is associated with increased amine production. Cecal contents from each horse were divided into aliquots and incubated anaerobically with either cornstarch or inulin (a form of fructan carbohydrate; both 1 g/100 mL). The pH was measured and samples were taken at the same time for amine measurement by HPLC at 2-h intervals over a 24-h period. In a second set of experiments, the effects of the antibiotic virginiamycin (1 mg/100 mL), calcium (CaPO4; 0.3 g/100 mL), and plant steroidal saponin (Yucca schidigera extract; 0.1 g/100 mL) were examined on pH and amine concentrations in cecal contents incubated with starch or inulin. Both starch and inulin caused significant time-dependent falls in pH, from 6.7 +/- 0.1 at 0 h to 5.2 +/- 0.1 (starch) and 5.0 +/- 0.1 (inulin) at 24 h. Fermentation of carbohydrate was also associated with increased production of phenylethylamine and isoamylamine (two- to threefold increases) as well as putrescine and cadaverine (1.5- to twofold increases). Virginiamycin inhibited the fall in pH and increases in production of phenylethylamine and isoamylamine, while calcium phosphate moderated the changes in pH only. Yucca schidigera extract was without effect. These data show that fermentation of carbohydrate by equine cecal microbiota may lead to increased production of amines.
Two-frequency-loop applied to Wind Energy Conversion System based on robust H ∞ state feedback fault tolerant control (2011)

For the Wind Energy Conversion System, when the part of the actuators is disabled, according to multi-time scale of wind speed, two-frequency-loop model is established for WECS based on the nonlinear mechanical model. According to the two-frequency-loop model, PI static optimal control is used in the low-frequency-loop, while robust H ∞ fault-tolerant control is employed in the high-frequency-loop, and then maximizes the efficiency of captured wind energy, as well as the system work well when the part of the actuators is disabled. Simulation results demonstrate that when the part of the actuators is disabled, the feasibility of two-frequency-loop control based on robust fault-tolerant control is effective.
The Ability of College Students to Think Critically as Displayed in Online Discussion (2009)

The researcher employed the framework of Garrison, Anderson, and Archer (2001) to report the ability of college students to think critically, as displayed in a blended learning strategy that combines discussion in a setting face-to-face with communication through computers, and to explore the impact of class discussion on the outcomes of perceived cognitive and social learning. Twenty-six students, with an intermediate level of English proficiency, participated in this eight-week study. Transcripts of messages among students in the discussion board were analyzed and a questionnaire was administrated at the end of the course to ask students about how they perceived the effect of online discussions on their learning and class interaction. The results show that the distribution of messages into cognitive presence categories is similar to that found previously: most messages belonged to the explorative category with a few integration messages, and few triggering events containing no solution messages. Students engaged in interaction and critical thinking, and demonstrated more profound thinking during discussion inside their class than outside. With regard to perceived learning outcomes of students resulting from blended learning, most students agreed that significant cognitive benefits can be gained from discussions via a computer. Learning outcomes of both social and cognitive nature included sharing views and understanding various perspectives. Students reported that they had more opportunities to work together in a learning community.
Design and development of an extended enterprise model (2007)

Companies in Europe, especially small and medium-sized enterprises, are confronted with a number of changes that require innovative answers. While, globally, virtual collaboration among enterprises is growing, the clear lack of collaborative networks among SMEs in EC region and Eastern Europe is an issue that comes with the need to create efficient innovative solutions to communicate and plan business activities. This paper provides the main aspects of an extended enterprise model and an overview of a service-oriented architecture that could support the collaborative paradigm, specifically designed to support the participation of SMEs in assembled-product development and manufacturing processes in Enlarged Europe.
Clinical and radiological predictors of recanalisation and outcome of 40 patients with acute basilar artery occlusion treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis (2004)

Low baseline NIHSS on admission and recanalisation of basilar artery occlusions predict a favourable outcome after intra-arterial thrombolysis. Early initiation of IAT and the presence of a hyperdense basilar artery sign on CT were associated with a higher likelihood of recanalisation.
Reflections on the Death Penalty: Human Rights, Human Dignity, and Dehumanization in the Death House (2014)

A working definition of human dignity is developed and applied to the death penalty. It is argued that the death penalty is inherently dehumanizing and hence is a violation of human dignity.
Too Much Inhibition Leads to Excitation in Absence Epilepsy (2010)

Enhanced Tonic GABA A Inhibition in Typical Absence Epilepsy. Cope DW, Di Giovanni G, Fyson SJ, Orbán G, Errington AC, Lorincz ML, Gould TM, Carter DA, Crunelli V. Nat Med 2009;(12):1392–1398. The cellular mechanisms underlying typical absence seizures, which characterize various idiopathic generalized epilepsies, are not fully understood, but impaired γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic inhibition remains an attractive hypothesis. In contrast, we show here that extrasynaptic GABA A receptor–dependent ‘tonic’ inhibition is increased in thalamocortical neurons from diverse genetic and pharmacological models of absence seizures. Increased tonic inhibition is due to compromised GABA uptake by the GABA transporter GAT-1 in the genetic models tested, and GAT-1 is crucial in governing seizure genesis. Extrasynaptic GABA A receptors are a requirement for seizures in two of the best characterized models of absence epilepsy, and the selective activation of thalamic extrasynaptic GABA A receptors is sufficient to elicit both electrographic and behavioral correlates of seizures in normal rats. These results identify an apparently common cellular pathology in typical absence seizures that may have epileptogenic importance and highlight potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of absence epilepsy.