gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chromosomal Basis of Cancer (2005)

Conventional genetic theories have failed to explain why cancer (1) is not heritable and thus extremely rare in newborns, (2) is caused by non‐mutagenic carcinogens, (3) develops only years to decades after initiation by carcinogens, (4) follows pre‐neoplastic aneuploidy, (5) is aneuploid, (6) is chromosomally and phenotypically “unstable”, (7) carries specific aneusomies, (8) generates much more complex phenotypes than conventional mutation such as multidrug resistance, (9) generates nonselective phenotypes such as metastasis (no benefit at native site) and “immortality” (not necessary for tumorigenesis), and (10) does not contain carcinogenic mutations. We propose, instead, that cancer is a chromosomal disease. Accordingly carcinogenesis is initiated by random aneuploidies, which are induced by carcinogens or spontaneously. Since aneuploidy unbalances 1000s of genes, it corrupts teams of proteins that segregate, synthesize and repair chromosomes. Aneuploidy is therefore a steady source of chromosomal variations from which, in classical Darwinian terms, selection encourages the evolution and malignant progression of cancer cells. The rates of specific chromosomal variations can exceed conventional mutations by 4–11 orders of magnitude, depending on the degrees of aneuploidy. Based on their chromosomal constitution cancer cells are new cell “species” with specific aneusomies, but unstable karyotypes. The cancer‐specific aneusomies generate complex, malignant phenotypes through the abnormal dosages of 1000s of genes, just as trisomy 21 generates Down syndrome. In sum, cancer is caused by chromosomal disorganization, which increases karyotypic entropy. Thus, cancer is a chromosomal rather than a genetic disease. The chromosomal theory explains (1) non‐heritable cancer because aneuploidy is not heritable, (2) non‐mutagenic carcinogens as aneuploidogens, (3) long neoplastic latencies by the low probability of evolving new species, (4) nonselective phenotypes via genes hitchhiking with selective chromosomes, and (5) immortality because, through their cellular heterogeneity, cancers survive negative mutations and cytotoxic drugs via resistant subspecies.
ASSESSING AND MANAGING ALLEGATIONS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE (1997)

This article examines the procedures involved in the assessment and management of allegations of child sexual abuse in courts exercising custody and access jurisdictions. The author discusses the various options available to the court when confronted with such allegations, noting that, in the contex: of access disputes, the issue for the court is not whether a parent has sexually abused a child but whether, in all the circumstances of the case, access should take place or custody should change. In all matters involving access between parents and children, the overriding principle is the paramountcy of the welfare of the child. It is also argued that supervised access, although an increasingly popular alternative for the court when faced with allegations of abuse, is problematic and may not be in the best interests of the child. The author suggests that the emphasis must be on children's rights find parental responsibilities.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Cobalt(III)Tris(diethyldithiocarbamato) Complex (1998)

The complex Co[S2CN (C2H5)2]3, (Mr = 503. 72 ) was crystallized inmonoclinic system of space group C2/c with the unit cell parameters: a = l4. 098(2),b= 1O. 3O6(2), c=17. 040(2) A, β=110. 09(l )°, V= 2325. 1 (7) A 3, D.= l- 439 g. cm-1, F(000) = 1056, μ(MoKa) = l2. 60 cm-1, Z = 4. The crystal structure wassoved by direct methods and full-matrix least-Squares refinement to the final R =0. 037, Rw=0. 049, S= l. 35. Each molecule is formed by three dithiocarbamic ligandscoordinated to a cobalt atom through the six sulfur atpoms. The molecule has a nearlytrigonal symmetry without the terminal methyl groups being considered. The averagebond lengths of Co-S, S-C and C-N are 2. 267A, l' 71OA and l. 412A respec-tively. The coordination number of central atom is six.
Risk of Suicidal Behavior With Antidepressants in Bipolar and Unipolar Disorders (2014)

Based on observational data adjusted for propensity to receive antidepressants, antidepressants may protect patients with bipolar disorders but not unipolar depressive disorder from suicidal behavior.
Applicability of Process Discovery Algorithms for Software Organizations (2009)

Process modeling is one of the most significant tasks software process improvement teams perform. Conventionally modeling is performed by teams composed of domain experts and process engineers and it takes considerable effort and time. In recent years there have been studies which use the data extracted from the actual events that took place to determine process models. In this paper we present the results of a case study we conducted to determine the effectiveness of four process discovery and process mining algorithms. After applying process discovery algorithms we compare the results by the actual process and process definitions. We discuss the discrepancies between the actual flow and the process definitions, and the weaknesses and strong aspects of the algorithms.
A Simple One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2-Oxazin-6-ones (1999)

The photooxygenation of furans 1 in the presence of acetaldehyde oxime followed by Et2S reduction and SiO2 treatment leads to 1,2-oxazin-6-ones 4 in good overall yields through a one-pot procedure.
Visual simulation of ice crystal growth (2003)

The beautiful, branching structure of ice is one of the most striking visual phenomena of the winter landscape. Yet there is little study about modeling this effect in computer graphics. In this paper, we present a novel approach for visual simulation of ice growth. We use a numerical simulation technique from computational physics, the phase field method, and modify it to allow aesthetic manipulation of ice crystal growth. We present acceleration techniques to achieve interactive simulation performance, as well as a novel geometric sharpening algorithm that removes some of the smoothing artifacts from the implicit representation. We have successfully applied this approach to generate ice crystal growth on 3D object surfaces in several scenes.
Isolation and characterization of the mouse P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20-lyase gene (Cyp17): transcriptional regulation of the gene by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in MA-10 Leydig cells. (1992)

The biosynthesis in Leydig cells of the C19 steroid testosterone from the C21 precursor progesterone requires the activities of the enzyme cytochrome P450 17 alpha-hydroxylase/C17-20 lyase (P450(17 alpha)). Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated that the de novo synthesis of the P450(17 alpha) protein and the accumulation of P450(17 alpha) mRNA in mouse Leydig cell cultures is absolutely dependent on cAMP stimulation. To investigate further the cAMP regulation of P450(17 alpha) expression in Leydig cells, the structural gene encoding P450(17 alpha) (Cyp17) was isolated from a mouse genomic library using a full-length mouse P450(17 alpha) cDNA. Two overlapping genomic clones were isolated and characterized by restriction mapping and partial sequencing. The two clones together contain the entire coding region and approximately 10 kilobases of 5'-flanking sequences of Cyp17. To identify regions necessary for cAMP-induced transcription, 5'-flanking regions of Cyp17 were fused with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene and transiently transfected into MA-10 tumor Leydig cells. Studies localized the cAMP-responsive region of the gene to a region between -346 and -245 basepairs relative to the transcription initiation site. Transient transfections of MA-10 cells with a construct consisting of the -346/-245 sequences fused to a heterologous promoter, thymidine kinase, and the CAT reporter gene demonstrated a marked increase in cAMP stimulation of CAT expression, providing additional evidence that the -346/-245 sequences of the Cyp17 5'-flanking region confer cAMP-induced expression of Cyp17. This cAMP-responsive region of mouse Cyp17 bears no apparent homology to the cAMP-responsive regions identified in the human and bovine Cyp17 genes.
In Vitro Response of Human Glioblastoma and Canine Glioma Cells to Hyperthermia, Radiation, and Chemotherapy (1991)

Little is known about the sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells to hyperthermia alone and in combination with other therapies. We carried out in vitro cell survival studies on the human glioblastoma cell line U-87MG and our model canine glioma canine brain tumor (CBT) cells after multimodality treatment. Ionizing radiation was administered to flasks of cells in logarithmic growth at 500 rads (5 Gy) with consecutive treatment by hyperthermia, l,3-bis-(2-cholorethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). or cisplatin. Cells were treated with single doses of BCNU at 5 μM with sequentially added radiation or hyperthermia and at 1 to 2 μg/ml of cisplatin with hyperthermia. Hyperthermia was administered in a precision controlled water bath at 44°C for 30 minutes in combination with chemotherapy or radiation. In general, the sensitivity of U-87MG and CBT cells was similar for all test regimens. For example, colony formation efficiency decreased by 64% in CBT cells and by 64.4% in U-87MG cells after hyperthermia alone at 44°C for 60 minutes. All combinations of BCNU, hyperthermia, and radiation administered in vitro produced enhanced cell killing, but the effects of multiple modalities were generally additive in both cell lines. When the effects of cisplatin and hyperthermia were studied, the combination produced additive cell killing in U-87MG cells and a synergistic killing response in CBT cells. We conclude that: 1) the sensitivity of human glioblastoma cells to heat is similar to that of other cancers; 2) that the in vitro sensitivity of the canine brain tumor to combinations of hyperthermia, ionizing radiation, and BCNU is similar to human glioblastoma and supports its use as an in vitro and in vivo test system: and 3) that hyperthermia is an effective potentiator of both ionizing radiation and chemotherapy for human and canine glioma cells. (Neurosurgery 29:526-531, 1991)
Three-party encrypted key exchange without server public-keys (2001)

Three-party key-exchange protocols with password authentication-clients share an easy-to-remember password with a trusted server only-are very suitable for applications requiring secure communications between many light-weight clients (end users); it is simply impractical that every two clients share a common secret. Steiner, Tsudik and Waidner (1995) proposed a realization of such a three-party protocol based on the encrypted key exchange (EKE) protocols. However, their protocol was later demonstrated to be vulnerable to off-line and undetectable on-line guessing attacks. Lin, Sun and Hwang (see ACM Operating Syst. Rev., vol.34, no. 4, p.12-20, 2000) proposed a secure three-party protocol with server public-keys. However, the approach of using server public-keys is not always a satisfactory solution and is impractical for some environments. We propose a secure three-party EKE protocol without server public-keys.
Global carbon footprints (2010)

There is increasing public, media and policy interest in the concepts of carbon footprints and the emissions associated with international trade. Many wonder if our growing consumption of imported products offsets our gains in climate policy. A variety of publications suggest that emission reductions in rich countries are offset by increased imports, i.e. our national carbon footprint is growing while our territorial emissions are getting smaller. Some refute this claim stating that the methods and data are unreliable, while others acknowledge the issue but argue it is not important for climate policy. This report aims to dispel some myths about carbon footprints and trade-adjusted emission inventories. A review of studies finds large variations between studies of the Nordic countries, but closer inspection shows that many of the variations are due to inconsistent definitions and non-comparable methods. Calculations using a consistent global model provide updated estimates for the Nordic countries in 1997, 2001, and 2004. A general observation for the Nordic countries is that the overall carbon footprint is larger than territorial based emissions, and that the difference is increasing. Further we also observe an increase in the total carbon footprint from 2001 to 2004. This stresses the need for policy makers to track the cause-effect chains between consumption and production to understand and mitigate potential carbon leakage. The study was carried out by researchers from CICERO and MiSA and was financed by the Nordic Council of Ministers.
Fusion tags for protein solubility, purification and immunogenicity in Escherichia coli: the novel Fh8 system (2014)

Proteins are now widely produced in diverse microbial cell factories. The Escherichia coli is still the dominant host for recombinant protein production but, as a bacterial cell, it also has its issues: the aggregation of foreign proteins into insoluble inclusion bodies is perhaps the main limiting factor of the E. coli expression system. Conversely, E. coli benefits of cost, ease of use and scale make it essential to design new approaches directed for improved recombinant protein production in this host cell. With the aid of genetic and protein engineering novel tailored-made strategies can be designed to suit user or process requirements. Gene fusion technology has been widely used for the improvement of soluble protein production and/or purification in E. coli, and for increasing peptide's immunogenicity as well. New fusion partners are constantly emerging and complementing the traditional solutions, as for instance, the Fh8 fusion tag that has been recently studied and ranked among the best solubility enhancer partners. In this review, we provide an overview of current strategies to improve recombinant protein production in E. coli, including the key factors for successful protein production, highlighting soluble protein production, and a comprehensive summary of the latest available and traditionally used gene fusion technologies. A special emphasis is given to the recently discovered Fh8 fusion system that can be used for soluble protein production, purification, and immunogenicity in E. coli. The number of existing fusion tags will probably increase in the next few years, and efforts should be taken to better understand how fusion tags act in E. coli. This knowledge will undoubtedly drive the development of new tailored-made tools for protein production in this bacterial system.
Foucault and Spinoza: philosophies of immanence and the decentred political subject (2008)

Deleuze has suggested that Spinoza and Foucault share common concerns, particularly the notion of immanence and their mutual hostility to theories of subjective intentionality and contract-based theories of state power. This article explores these shared concerns. On the one hand Foucault's view of governmentality and its re-theorization of power, sovereignty and resistance provide insights into how humans are constituted as individualized subjects and how populations are formed as subject to specific regimes or mentalities of government. On the other, Spinoza was concerned with how humans organized themselves into communities capable of self-government. In particular, his idea of immanent causality was crucial because central to his ideas of freedom and power. We argue that Spinoza's approach to power and causality prefigures ideas developed by Foucault in his theory of governmentality, especially with respect to his biopolitical rethinking of power and resistance.
Aging mechanisms in amorphous GdTbFe films (1987)

In coated RE-TM-films the degradation of magnetic properties due to structural changes plays an important role, but nevertheless diffusion processes at the interfaces cannot be neglected. Annealing experiments of amorphous Alcoated GdTbFe-films of different thickness evaporated onto glass substrates are reported. The samples were annealed at temperatures T = 150, 250, and 350°C. The degradation of coercivity, H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , torque hysteresis angle, 2α, saturation magnetization, M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> , and anisotropy constant, K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</inf> , was measured at room temperature after the annealing times t = 10.2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> (n = 0...9) minutes. The experiments show that all magnetic properties degrade linearly in a logarithmic scale of annealing time. The aging dynamics depends on the thickness of the MO-film. K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</inf> and M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> are only affected by surface induced effects. SIMS profiles show the diffusion of oxygen from the interfaces resulting in an increase of M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> and a decrease of K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</inf> to even negative values. H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> and 2α decrease due to surface and bulk induced effects. The experimental data imply that only H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> and 2α are changing due to bulk effects whereas K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</inf> remains constant.
Service Usage Classification with Encrypted Internet Traffic in Mobile Messaging Apps (2016)

The rapid adoption of mobile messaging Apps has enabled us to collect massive amount of encrypted Internet traffic of mobile messaging. The classification of this traffic into different types of in-App service usages can help for intelligent network management, such as managing network bandwidth budget and providing quality of services. Traditional approaches for classification of Internet traffic rely on packet inspection, such as parsing HTTP headers. However, messaging Apps are increasingly using secure protocols, such as HTTPS and SSL, to transmit data. This imposes significant challenges on the performances of service usage classification by packet inspection. To this end, in this paper, we investigate how to exploit encrypted Internet traffic for classifying in-App usages. Specifically, we develop a system, named CUMMA, for classifying service usages of mobile messaging Apps by jointly modeling user behavioral patterns, network traffic characteristics, and temporal dependencies. Along this line, we first segment Internet traffic from traffic-flows into sessions with a number of dialogs in a hierarchical way. Also, we extract the discriminative features of traffic data from two perspectives: (i) packet length and (ii) time delay. Next, we learn a service usage predictor to classify these segmented dialogs into single-type usages or outliers. In addition, we design a clustering Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based method to detect mixed dialogs from outliers and decompose mixed dialogs into sub-dialogs of single-type usage. Indeed, CUMMA enables mobile analysts to identify service usages and analyze end-user in-App behaviors even for encrypted Internet traffic. Finally, the extensive experiments on real-world messaging data demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method for service usage classification.
Introduction (2013)

Earlier generations of scholarship had presented al-Ghazali as an inwardly directed mystic primarily concerned with his own salvation and the definitive refuter of Islam’s philosophical tradition. However, a new wave of revisionist scholarship has shown him to be an appropriator of both philosophy and Sufism who did not identify fully with either. This book offers a new narrative of al-Ghazali’s life and thought, focusing on his masterpiece, the Revival of the Religious Sciences, and presenting him as an engaged religious scholar who aimed to transform the religious landscape of his age. Rather than an inward-directed seeker, al-Ghazali was an outward-directed reviver, the first in the Islamic tradition to so consciously marshal the rhetoric of revival and reform.
Starting Maths. By Edward Ramsbottom. Pupil’s book 1. Pp. 96. 10s. 6d. Laboratory Cards 1A (265 cards) 95s.; 1B (240 cards) 95s.; 1C (5 copies each of 30 leaflets) 70s. (Chambers.) (1970)

Starting Maths. By Edward Ramsbottom. Pupil’s book 1. Pp. 96. 10s. 6d. Laboratory Cards 1A (265 cards) 95s.; 1B (240 cards) 95s.; 1C (5 copies each of 30 leaflets) 70s. (Chambers.) - Volume 54 Issue 387
Interdependence of respiratory NO reduction and nitrite reduction revealed by mutagenesis of <i>nir</i>Q, a novel gene in the denitrification gene cluster of <i>Pseudomonas stutzeri</i> (1992)

An open reading frame, designated nirQ, was identified upstream of nirS, the structural gene for the respiratory nitrite reductase of Pseudomonas stutzeri ZoBell. Its derived gene product (275 amino acids, M(r) = 30,554) shows similarity to the NtrC protein family of transcriptional activators. Deletion-replacement mutagenesis of the nirQ gene resulted in the simultaneous loss of nitrite reduction and NO reduction in vivo. However, both reductases were still synthesized, with only nitrite reductase being active in vitro. NO reductase was overproduced by a factor of about 2. Our results indicate that the systems for nitrite reduction and NO reduction are functionally coupled.
Design parameters of dual-stage ion reflectrons (1994)

Exact solutions of the second-order differential equation describing the energy dependence of ion flight time in a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer are derived, from which numerical evaluation of the construction and operation parameters of a dual-stage reflectron can easily be performed. Considerations in choosing the design parameters are discussed.
Impact of Performance Rewards on Employee Turnover in Sri Lankan IT Industry (2018)

Almost all IT organizations carryout performance reward schemes to evaluate and compensate employees based on their performance. However not all reward schemes are effective in retaining employees, thus this study attempt to reveal the most effective reward types that can help IT organizations to minimize Employee Turnover. This study uses quantitative method through an online survey. The population for this study is software professionals working in Sri Lankan software organizations, estimated to be around 34,000 [1]. Data analysis was carried out using Pearson correlation and Linear Regression. In the present study Monetary Rewards, Non-Monetary Rewards and Reward Frequency were negatively correlated with Employee Turnover. This means that as the Monetary Rewards and Non-Monetary Rewards are less, and the rewards are offered at lesser frequency, employees tend to turnover more in IT organizations. Detailed analysis revealed that long term monetary rewards are more successful in retaining employees which are offered at semi-annual intervals. This research brings out valuable results that can be incorporated in organizational performance reward policy by the top managements making a special emphasis on the turnover of their employees. The research findings hint on other avenues in performance rewards at workplace and its impact on the individuals that could be explored as future research.