gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of tin tetrachloride with diethyl glutarate. Crystal structures of [Sn<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>8</sub>{µ-C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>Et)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>]·2CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>and cis-[SnCl<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]·C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(CO<sub>2</sub>Et)<sub>2</sub> (1996)

The dimeric compound [Sn2Cl8{µ-C3H6(CO2Et)2}2]·2CH2Cl21 has been prepared by direct reaction of SnCl4 with diethyl glutarate in CH2Cl2 and its crystal structure has been determined. Each tin atom is octahedrally co-ordinated by four chlorine atoms and two mutually cis carbonyl oxygen atoms of two bridging diethyl glutarate molecules. During the crystallization of 1 the compound cis-[SnCl4(H2O)2]·C3H6(CO2Et)22 was formed under the influence of moisture. Its crystal structure revealed a monomeric complex of SnIV in which each tin atom is surrounded octahedrally by four chlorine atoms and two water oxygen atoms. A non-co-ordinated ester molecule is hydrogen bonded through carbonyl oxygen atoms to one water molecule.
Exceptional Kinetic Propensity of Hydroxymethyl Phosphanes toward Rh(III) Stabilization in Water (2002)

The reactions of (HOCH2)2P(C6H4)P(CH2OH)2 (HMPB) and P(CH2OH)3 (THP) with RhCl3.xH2O in aqueous media gave water-soluble complexes cis-[RhCl2{eta2-(HOCH2)2P(C6H4)P(CH2OH)2}2]Cl (3) and fac-[RhCl3(P(CH2OH)3)3] (4) respectively in good yields, X-ray crystal structures of 3 and 4 confirmed their molecular constitution. These reactions provide the first examples demonstrating the kinetic propensity of hydroxymethyl phosphanes to stabilize Rh in +3 oxidation state in water.
Lentivirus infection of macrophages. (1994)

The ovine and caprine lentiviruses infect monocytes, and the viral DNA is integrated into the cellular DNA. The provirus remains silent until the monocyte matures into a macrophage. Intrinsic to this maturation is the induction of a class of immediate early genes in the monocyte that includes the transcription factors JUN and FOS. These transcription factors are thought to couple short-term signals in the cell to long-term cellular differentiation by regulation of specific cellular genes. Thus, JUN and FOS bind to the AP-1 site in the promoters of cellular genes and activate their transcription, resulting in maturation of the monocyte into a macrophage. In addition, these cellular factors activate the same AP-1 sequence in the visna virus LTR, leading to transcriptional activation, full viral gene expression, and production of progeny virus. The expression of viral antigens in the context of MHC class II on the macrophage leads to the production of cytokines and a lymphoproliferative response that causes the lesions in specific target organs in an infected animal. We still understand only the framework of these events. The specific mechanisms by which viral genes alter macrophage gene expression and the molecular basis of different viral tropism for specific tissue macrophages, i.e. microglia, remain to be determined.
Isolation of plant-growth-promoting<i>Bacillus</i>strains from soybean root nodules (2002)

Endophytic bacteria reside within plant tissues and have often been found to promote plant growth. Fourteen strains of putative endophytic bacteria, not including endosymbiotic Bradyrhizobium strains, were isolated from surface-sterilized soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) root nodules. These isolates were designated as non-Bradyrhizobium endophytic bacteria (NEB). Three isolates (NEB4, NEB5, and NEB17) were found to increase soybean weight when plants were co-inoculated with one of the isolates and Bradyrhizobium japonicum under nitrogen-free conditions, compared with plants inoculated with B. japonicum alone. In the absence of B. japonicum, these isolates neither nodulated soybean, nor did they affect soybean growth. All three isolates were Gram-positive spore-forming rods. While Biolog tests indicated that the three isolates belonged to the genus Bacillus, it was not possible to determine the species. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene hypervariant region sequences demonstrated that both NEB4 and NEB5 are Bacillus subtilis strains, and that NEB17 is a Bacillus thuringiensis strain.
Alanine Scanning of the Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Reveals Numerous Residues Essential for Production of Infectious Virus (2007)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an important human pathogen affecting an estimated 3% of the world's population. Recent advances have enabled in vitro propagation of the virus and allow assembly and egress to be investigated for the first time. As a component of the virion, the HCV core protein likely functions primarily in infectious virus production, although little is known about the determinants of this activity. To investigate the roles of core in the viral life cycle, we performed a comprehensive deletion and alanine scanning mutagenesis study of this protein in the context of a genotype 2a reporter virus. We have confirmed that core protein is essential for infectious virion production and have identified numerous residues required for this role. The infectivity of several assembly-defective core mutants could be rescued by compensatory mutations identified in p7 and NS2, suggesting genetic interactions with core and highlighting the importance of these nonstructural proteins in infectious virion morphogenesis.
Design and simulation of GRIN objective lenses for an imaging fiber based speckle metrology system (2016)

Gradient-Index (GRIN) lenses are characterized by its small diameter and length, enabling them to be an effective lens for an integrated probe based imaging system. For a speckle-based surface metrology system, the imaging lens plays an important role in deciding the statistical dimensions of the speckles. In such cases, the design and simulation of the lens system would be a key process to better the performance of the lensed imaging fiber probe. In this context, this paper focuses on the design of lensed fiber probes for a speckle-based surface metrological imaging system that can find intra cavity interrogation applications. Different optical properties of GRIN lenses and imaging fibers are considered while designing the final probe distal end to meet the targeted specifications. Singlet GRIN lens configuration is analyzed for a front view configuration and a parameter optimization has been carried out to obtain the specifications including the field-of-view, resolution, working distance and magnification.
Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of oils from two cultivars of Cantaloupe extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (2009)

The effect of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) fractionation of three oil fractions (1st, 2nd, 3rd fraction) on the fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of oils from two cultivars of cantaloupe were investigated. Rock melon oil (RMO) and Golden Langkawi oil (GLO) were extracted using SFE and the major fatty acids for both cultivars were linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acid. The SFA decreased from 15.78 to 14.14% in RMO 1st fraction, and MUFA decreased from 18.30 to 16.56% in RMO 2nd fraction, while PUFA increased from 65.9 to 69.30% in RMO 3rd fraction. On the other hand SFA decreased from 16.35 to 13.91% in GLO 1st fraction, and MUFA decreased from 17.50 to 15.57% in GLO 2nd fraction, while PUFA increased from 66.15 to 70.52% in GLO 3rd fraction. The different fractions of the two oils showed high antioxidant activity in reducing the oxidation of β-carotene in beta-carotene bleaching assay (BCB) and the quenching of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).
Conoscere lo spazio di vita del bambino con difficoltà di apprendimento (2009)

Working Paper presentato alle Giornate di studio: La prevenzione: un bene invisibile? Ricerca e interventi nei contesti di sviluppo. AIP, Bari 4-5 dicembre 2009
Recent Topics of Phencyclidine, the Drug Induces Psychosis (1987)

Phencyclidine (PCP) is a major drug of abuse in the United States. It is a particularly interesting pharmacological tool because it induces psychosis (known as PCP-induced psychosis) in man, which has been diagnosed initially as schizophrenia, and also induces amnesia. In the present review, recent results of experiments with PCP are discussed. The presence of an endogenous ligand for PCP receptors has been strongly suggested since the presence of highly specific and selective binding sites for PCP in the brain has been discovered. The endogenous factors that inhibit the binding of [3H] PCP and produce PCP-like pharmacological activity have been isolated from porcine, bovine and guinea-pig brains. PCP and sigma opioids may act through the same binding sites, since the psychotomimetic benzomorphans, classed as sigma opioids, inhibit binding of [3H] PCP and show PCP-like actions in several behavioral assays. However, recent works by a number of investigators indicate that PCP binding sites and sigma opioid sites may be distinct due to differences in drug selectivity and regional distribution. Metaphit, a derivative of PCP has been synthesized and identified as a rapid and specific site-directed acylating agent of PCP receptors in rat brain. The antagonistic effect of PCP on excitation of central mammalian neurons by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and the function of NMDA receptors associated with learning and memory mechanisms have been reviewed. We have attempted to develop an animal model for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia since there is no animal model although many patients have exhibited negative symptoms. We have proposed that PCP-induced head-twitch, head-weaving and immobilization can be used as the model of negative symptoms.
Molecular Evidence Supporting <i>Ehrlichia canis</i> -Like Infection in Cats (2002)

Abstract Currently, the pathogenic role of Ehrlichia canis in cats has been proposed predominantly on the basis of the serologic evidence of natural infection and the infrequent detection of morulae-like structures within the cytoplasm of leukocytes in cats. The purpose of this report was to provide molecular evidence supporting E cams-like infection in 3 cats that had clinical manifestations consistent with canine ehrlichiosis but lacked antibodies to E canis antigens. Serum from all 3 cats contained antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). The predominant disease manifestation was polyarthritis in 1 cat and bone marrow hypoplasia or dysplasia, accompanied by pancytopenia or anemia and thrombocytopenia, in 1 cat each. The alignment of E canis partial 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA; 382 nucleotide positions), amplified from EDTA blood samples from each cat, was identical to each other and was identical to a canine isolate of E canis (GenBank accession number AF373613). In 1 cat, concurrent treatment with corticosteroids may have interfered with the therapeutic effectiveness of doxycycline for the elimination of E canis-like infection. To further define the spectrum of ehrlichiosis in cats, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing may be necessary until serologic testing is thoroughly validated in experimentally or naturally infected cats. In addition, until E canis has been isolated from cats and several tissue culture isolates are available from disparate geographic regions for detailed comparative genetic study, the molecular evidence presented in this study supporting E canis-like infection in cats must be interpreted with caution.
Assessing the health of future physicians: An opportunity for preventive education (2004)

A GCRC can be used to provide a health assessment of medical students. Moreover, some students may benefit from health promotion programs incorporated into medical school curricula. This study provides a foundation for further research on the health of future physicians and the development of health promotion programs for this population. It also begins to explore the use of a GCRC as a teaching resource for medical students.
Comparison of ectomycorrhizal–basidiomycete communities in red spruce versus northern hardwood forests of West Virginia (1986)

Sporocarps of Basidiomycetes belonging to families containing some species known to form ectomycorrhizae were enumerated in 12 plots (16 × 16 m) subdivided into contiguous 2 × 2 m quadrats during the growing seasons of 1981 – 1983. Plots were distributed equally between homogeneous second-growth red spruce stands and heterogeneous northern hardwood stands in southeastern West Virginia. A few major species accounted for most of the abundance, while most species fruited rarely, but abundance and phenology varied broadly from year to year, apparently in response to rainfall and temperature. Fungal species composition, spatial frequency, and sporocarp density in the two forest types differed as would be expected in light of the symbiotic nature of the fungi and trees considered. Of 54 fungal species encountered over 3 years, 19 occurred exclusively in spruce plots, 27 occurred exclusively in hardwood plots, and 8 occurred in both forest types. In both forest types, approximately 40% of the species were Russulaceae. Species frequency and sporocarp abundance were greater in spruce plots than in hardwood plots. The Shannon–Wiener index, the dominance–diversity curve, the species–area curve, and ordination confirmed that fungal species richness, equitability, and diversity were greater in the mixed-hardwood plots, which hosted many rare fungal species, than in the single-species coniferous plots, which were dominated by a few ubiquitous fungal species.
Chemical Transformation of Au-Tipped CdS Nanorods into AuS/Cd Core/Shell Particles by Electron Beam Irradiation (2011)

We demonstrate that electron irradiation of colloidal CdS nanorods carrying Au domains causes their evolution into AuS/Cd core/shell nanoparticles as a result of a concurrent chemical and morphological transformation. The shrinkage of the CdS nanorods and the growth of the Cd shell around the Au tips are imaged in real time, while the displacement of S atoms from the CdS nanorod to the Au domains is evidenced by high-sensitivity energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The various nanodomains display different susceptibility to the irradiation, which results in nanoconfigurations that are very different from those obtained after thermal annealing. Such physical manipulations of colloidal nanocrystals can be exploited as a tool to access novel nanocrystal heterostructures.
Almost Splitting Sets and AGCD Domains (2004)

Abstract Abstract Let D be an integral domain. A multiplicative set S of D is an almost splitting set if for each 0 ≠ d ∈ D, there exists an n = n(d) with d n = st where s ∈ S and t is v-coprime to each element of S. An integral domain D is an almost GCD (AGCD) domain if for every x, y ∈ D, there exists a positive integer n = n(x, y) such that x n D ∩ y n D is a principal ideal. We prove that the polynomial ring D[X] is an AGCD domain if and only if D is an AGCD domain and D[X] ⊆ D′[X] is a root extension, where D′ is the integral closure of D. We also show that D + XD S [X] is an AGCD domain if and only if D and D S [X] are AGCD domains and S is an almost splitting set. Key Words: Almost GCD domainPolynomial ringRoot extension1991 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 13A05, 13A15Secondary 13B22, 13B25 Acknowledgment The second author gratefully acknowledges the hospitality of The University of Iowa during his one-month visit in April 2000. His visit was supported by CNCSIS grant 7D.
Malignant Osseous Tumors of the Pediatric Spine (2012)

In the pediatric population, malignant osseous tumors of the spine include osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, lymphoma, and metastatic neuroblastoma. Although these tumors are rare, prompt diagnosis and recognition are critical to the overall prognosis. Improved understanding of the natural history of spine deformity, combined with advances in imaging, surgical technology, radiation therapy, and chemotherapeutic regimens, has improved survival rates and decreased rates of local recurrence—especially recurrence of low-grade lesions. Prognosis for patients with high-grade lesions with distant metastasis on presentation remains exceedingly poor. Recognition of these spine tumors and prompt referral to a tertiary care center that specializes in oncology can optimize patient outcomes.
Interactive effects of supplemental Zn sulfate and ractopamine hydrochloride on growth performance, carcass traits, and plasma urea nitrogen in feedlot heifers1 (2017)

Interactive effects of supplemental Zn and ractopamine hydrochloride (RH) were evaluated using 156 crossbred heifers (initial BW = 527 kg ± 6.61; gross BW × 0.96) to determine the impact on feedlot performance, plasma urea nitrogen (PUN), and carcass characteristics. The study was conducted as a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors consisted of 1) 30 or 100 mg supplemental Zn/kg diet DM (30Zn or 100Zn) as Zn sulfate and 2) 0 or 200 mg RH/heifer daily. Heifers were blocked by BW and assigned randomly within block to treatments for a 43-d trial. Heifers were housed in partially covered feeding pens (3 heifers/pen; 13 pens/treatment) and provided ad libitum access to feed. Ractopamine hydrochloride was fed for 42 d and removed from the diet until cattle were harvested on d 43. Zinc treatments were fed until harvest. Plasma samples were collected on d 0 and 36 to assess changes in plasma Zn and PUN. On d 43, heifers were weighed, then transported to a commercial abattoir where HCW and incidence of liver abscesses were recorded. Carcass data were collected after 32 h of refrigeration. No Zn × RH interactions were observed for plasma Zn or PUN ( ≥ 0.58); however, there was a tendency for a RH × day interaction for PUN ( = 0.08). Supplementing 100Zn resulted in increased plasma Zn ( = 0.02) compared to 30Zn. No RH × Zn interactions were observed for feedlot performance ( ≥ 0.24). Final BW and ADG increased with RH supplementation ( ≤ 0.02), but DMI was not affected ( = 0.63); thus, feed efficiency improved ( < 0.01) when heifers were fed RH. Supplementing 100Zn tended to reduce ADG ( = 0.07) but did not affect other measures of feedlot performance ( ≥ 0.12). Zinc × RH interactions were observed for LM area and yield grade ( ≤ 0.01); LM area decreased and yield grade increased when heifers were supplemented 100Zn with no RH compared to other treatments. A tendency for a Zn × RH interaction was observed for dressed yield ( = 0.08), but no other interactions or effects of Zn were detected for carcass traits ( ≥ 0.11). Supplementing RH increased HCW ( = 0.03) but did not affect other carcass traits ( ≥ 0.13). In conclusion, supplemental Zn had little impact on feedlot performance or PUN concentration but may alter muscle and fat deposition when fed in conjunction with RH.
Effects of glucose on nitrogen balance during high nitrogen intake in malnourished patients (1990)

1. The effects of increasing glucose intake on nitrogen balance, energy expenditure and fuel utilization were measured in 12 malnourished adult patients receiving parenteral nutrition with constant, very high nitrogen intake (500 mg of N/kg), high (105 kJ/kg) or low (30 kJ/kg) glucose intake and constant fat intake (7 kJ/kg). Each patient received each diet for 8-day periods in random order. 2. Energy balance and nitrogen balance were determined daily. Blood samples, taken at admission, during 5% (w/v) dextrose (D-glucose) infusion and at the end of days 7 and 8 of each diet, were analysed for urea, glucose, lactate, triacylglycerols, fatty acids, glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyrate, insulin and glucagon. 3. The effect of increasing glucose intake was to increase nitrogen balance by 0.60 +/- 0.25 (SEM) mg/kJ. At zero energy balance, nitrogen balance was 48 mg day-1 kg-1. This confirms findings of previous studies: that the effects of glucose on nitrogen balance are greater at high than at low nitrogen intakes, and that, in malnourished patients, unlike in normal adults, markedly positive nitrogen balance can be achieved at zero or negative energy balances. 4. Changes in nitrogen balance were due almost entirely to changes in urea excretion. 5. The high nitrogen intake markedly increased plasma insulin and glucagon concentrations and reduced glycerol, fatty acid and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, independent of any glucose effect. Glucagon concentrations were significantly decreased by added glucose intake, an effect not previously seen at low nitrogen intakes. At this high nitrogen intake, the effects of added glucose appear to be mediated by both insulin and glucagon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from bone marrow and lymphoid organs support tumor B-cell growth: role of stromal cells in follicular lymphoma pathogenesis (2006)

Accumulating evidence indicates that the cellular microenvironment plays a key role in follicular lymphoma (FL) pathogenesis, both within tumor lymph nodes (LNs) and in infiltrated bone marrow where ectopic LN-like reticular cells are integrated within malignant B-cell nodular aggregates. In normal secondary lymphoid organs, specific stromal cell subsets provide a highly specialized microenvironment that supports immune response. In particular, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) mediate immune cell migration, adhesion, and reciprocal interactions. The role of FRCs and their postulated progenitors, that is, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in FL remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the relationships between FRCs and MSCs and their capacity to sustain malignant B-cell growth. Our findings strongly suggest that secondary lymphoid organs contain MSCs able to give rise to adipocytes, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, as well as fully functional B-cell supportive FRCs. In vitro, bone marrow-derived MSCs acquire a complete FRC phenotype in response to a combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphotoxin-alpha1beta2. Moreover, MSCs recruit primary FL cells that, in turn, trigger their differentiation into FRCs, making them able to support malignant B-cell survival. Altogether, these new insights into the cross talk between lymphoma cells and their microenvironment could offer original therapeutic strategies.
TWO NEW DIPLOPODS FROM LOUISIANA (1918)

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Wind power demonstration and siting problems (1973)

Technical and economic feasibility studies on a small windmill to provide overnight charging for an electrically driven car are reported. The auxiliary generator provides power for heating and cooling the vehicle which runs for 25 miles on battery power alone, and for 50 miles with the onboard charger operating. The blades for this windmill have a diameter of 12 feet and are coupled through to a conventional automobile alternator so that they are able to completely recharge car batteries in 8 hours. Optimization of a windmill/storage system requires detailed wind velocity information which permits rational sitting of wind power system stations.