gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poloxalene as a bloat preventative for beef steers grazing immature alfalfa (1967)

Poloxalene has proved to be an effective agent to prevent legume bloat in cattle, however, intake of the compound at regular intervals during the day is important. Intake twice daily at approximately 12-hour intervals has been shown to control bloat. This presents a management problem with beef cattle under most grazing conditions. This trial tested the effectiveness of poloxalene administered to beef cattle grazing immature alfalfa in a molasses-salt block and as “Bloat Guard” mixed with rolled sorghum grain fed free choice in a self feeder.
Identification and Quantitation of Equine Serum and Secretory Immunoglobulin A (1972)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was demonstrated in equine serum and secretions. This immunoglobulin had a molecular weight extending from 150,000 to 700,000 and reacted with specific antihuman alpha-chain antiserum. Antigenic determinants specific for secretory IgA were demonstrated and found to be absent on serum IgA. Antigen binding activity was detected in IgA from tears. Purified IgA was antigenically distinct from equine IgG, IgM, IgG(T), and aggregating immunoglobulin. Quantitative studies demonstrated that IgA was the predominant immunoglobulin in tears and milk but not in colostrum. The electrophoretic mobility, size, presence of secretory component, and reaction with specific antihuman alpha-chain antiserum demonstrates that this immunoglobulin is the equine homologue of human IgA.
Experimental Investigation of Grain and Specimen Size Effects During Electrical-Assisted Forming (2010)

Alternative manufacturing processes such as hot working and electrical-assisted forming (EAF), which involves passing a high density electrical current through the workpiece during deformation, have been shown to increase the potential strain induced in materials and reduce required forces for deformation. While forming at elevated temperatures is common, the EAF process provides more significant improvements in formability without the undesirable effects associated with forming at elevated temperatures. This research investigates the effect of grain size and current density on annealed pure copper during the EAF process. The flow stress reduction effect of the process was shown to decrease with increasing grain sizes. A threshold current density, required to achieve a significant reduction in the flow stresses, becomes more apparent at larger grain sizes, and the value increases with increasing grain size. The effects increase with increasing strain due to dislocations being generated during deformation. Therefore, the dislocation density, related in part by the grain size, appears to be a factor in the EAF process.
Photo-Stevens rearrangement of 9-dimethylsulfonium fluorenylide (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhoto-Stevens rearrangement of 9-dimethylsulfonium fluorenylideJian Jian Zhang and Gary B. SchusterCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 4, 716–719Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00239a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00239a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views326Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal trading and shipping of agricultural commodities (2015)

We develop and implement a model for a profit maximizing firm that provides an intermediation service between commodity producers and commodity end-users. We are motivated by the grain intermediation business at Los Grobo—one of the largest commodity-trading firms in South America. Producers and end-users are distributed over a realistic spatial network, and trade with the firm through contracts for delivery of grain during the marketing season. The firm owns spatially distributed storage facilities, and begins the marketing season with a portfolio of prearranged purchase and sale contracts with upstream and downstream counterparts. The firm aims to maximize profits while satisfying all previous commitments, possibly through the execution of new transactions. Under realistic constraints for capacities, network structure and shipping costs, we identify the optimal trading, storing and shipping policy for the firm as the solution of a profit-maximizing optimization problem, encoded as a minimum cost flow problem in a time-expanded network that captures both geography and time. We perform extensive numerical examples and show significant efficiency gains derived from the joint planning of logistics and trading.
E. George Squier and the Discovery of Cranial Trepanation: A Landmark in the History of Surgery and Ancient Medicine (2001)

Journal Article E. George Squier and the Discovery of Cranial Trepanation: A Landmark in the History of Surgery and Ancient Medicine Get access STANLEY FINGER, STANLEY FINGER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HIRAN R. FERNANDO HIRAN R. FERNANDO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume 56, Issue 4, October 2001, Pages 353–381, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/56.4.353 Published: 01 October 2001
Studies on the serous ascites of cultured eel—I. (1972)

[in Japanese]
LAMB WAVES AND THE APPLICATIONS OF MULTIMODE STRUCTURES IN NONLINEAR ACOUSTIC SIGNAL PROCESSING. (1974)

Abstract not available
Alternative tRNA primers for HIV (1996)

Advanced Bioscience Laboratories Basic Research Program, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center Frederick MD 21702, the *Laboratory of Retrovirus Research, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda MD 20892 and the†Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21205, USA. Received 18 June 1996; accepted 24 June 1996.
Editorial Comment (2006)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Jul 2006Editorial Comment George W. Drach George W. DrachGeorge W. Drach More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.02.033AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 176(1), pp. 255–256 References 1 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey. The Data Warehouse on Trends in Health and Aging. Available at www.cdc.gov/agingact.htm. Accessed January 29, 2006. Google Scholar 2 : The relationship between older adults’ knowledge of their drug coverage and medication cost problems. J Am Geriatr Soc2006; 54: 91. Google Scholar 3 Pallarto, K.: What to expect after you enroll in Medicare Part D. Available at www.abcnews.go.com. Accessed January 24, 2006. Google Scholar Department of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania© 2006 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 176Issue 1July 2006Page: 255-256 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2006 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information George W. Drach More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Biologic and Immunologic Effects of Knockout of Human Cytomegalovirus pp65 Nuclear Localization Signal (2009)

The human cytomegalovirus (CMV) pp65 protein contains two bipartite nuclear localization signals (NLSs) at amino acids (aa) 415 to 438 and aa 537 to 561 near the carboxy terminus of CMV pp65 and a phosphate binding site related to kinase activity at lysine-436. A mutation of pp65 with K436N (CMV pp65mII) and further deletion of aa 537 to 561 resulted in a novel protein (pp65mIINLSKO, where NLSKO indicate NLS knockout) that is kinaseless and that has markedly reduced nuclear localization. The purpose of this study was to biologically characterize this protein and its immunogenicity compared to that of native pp65. Unlike the native CMV pp65, following either DNA- or recombinant adeno-associated virus-based transduction of CMV pp65mIINLSKO into cells in vitro, the first observation of pp65mIINLSKO expression was in the cytoplasm and pp65mIINLSKO was expressed at higher levels than the native protein. The CMV pp65mIINLSKO mRNA was more abundant earlier than CMV pp65 mRNA (at 4 h and 8 h, respectively), but the half-lives of the proteins were the same. This modification altered the antigenic processing of CMV pp65 in vitro, as measured by the improved efficiency of cytotoxic killing in a pp65mIINLSKO-transduced human HLA A*0201 target cell line. In HHDII mice expressing HLA A*0201, pp65mIINLSKO was as immunogenic as CMV pp65. By RNA microarray analysis, expression of the CMV pp65mIINLSKO had less of an effect on cell cycle pathways than the native CMV pp65 did and a greater effect on cell surface signaling pathways involving immune activity. It is concluded that the removal of the primary NLS motif from pp65 does not impair its immunogenicity and should be considered in the design of a vaccine.
Toxicity of substrate‐bound amyloid peptides on vascular smooth muscle cells is enhanced by homocysteine (2002)

Tauhe main component of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in Alzheimer's disease is the amyloid-beta protein (Abeta), a 4-kDa polypeptide derived from the beta-amyloid protein precursor (APP). The accumulation of Abeta in the basement membrane has been implicated in the degeneration of adjacent vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). However, the mechanism of Abeta toxicity is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of substrate-bound Abeta on VSMC in culture. The use of substrate-bound proteins in cell culture mimics presentation of the proteins to cells as if bound to the basement membrane. Substrate-bound Abeta peptides were found to be toxic to the cells and to increase the rate of cell death. This toxicity was dependent on the length of time the peptide was allowed to 'age', a process by which Abeta is induced to aggregate over several hours to days. Oxidative stress via hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release was not involved in the toxic effect, as no decrease in toxicity was observed in the presence of catalase. However, substrate-bound Abeta significantly reduced cell adhesion compared to cells grown on plastic alone, indicating that cell-substrate adhesion may be important in maintaining cell viability. Abeta also caused an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. This increase in apoptosis was accompanied by activation of caspase-3. Homocysteine, a known risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, increased Abeta-induced toxicity and caspase-3 activation in a dose-dependent manner. These studies suggest that Abeta may activate apoptotic pathways to cause loss of VSMC in CAA by inhibiting cell-substrate interactions. Our studies also suggest that homocysteine, a known risk factor for other cardiovascular diseases, could also be a risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke associated with CAA.
Improved low-count quantitative PET reconstruction with an iterative\n neural network (2019)

Image reconstruction in low-count PET is particularly challenging because\ngammas from natural radioactivity in Lu-based crystals cause high random\nfractions that lower the measurement signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR). In\nmodel-based image reconstruction (MBIR), using more iterations of an\nunregularized method may increase the noise, so incorporating regularization\ninto the image reconstruction is desirable to control the noise. New\nregularization methods based on learned convolutional operators are emerging in\nMBIR. We modify the architecture of an iterative neural network, BCD-Net, for\nPET MBIR, and demonstrate the efficacy of the trained BCD-Net using XCAT\nphantom data that simulates the low true coincidence count-rates with high\nrandom fractions typical for Y-90 PET patient imaging after Y-90 microsphere\nradioembolization. Numerical results show that the proposed BCD-Net\nsignificantly improves CNR and RMSE of the reconstructed images compared to\nMBIR methods using non-trained regularizers, total variation (TV) and non-local\nmeans (NLM). Moreover, BCD-Net successfully generalizes to test data that\ndiffers from the training data. Improvements were also demonstrated for the\nclinically relevant phantom measurement data where we used training and testing\ndatasets having very different activity distributions and count-levels.\n
P4–008: Modulation of Aβ production and deposition by 12/15 lipoxygenase in vivo (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder whose initiating events are not known. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress plays a role in its pathogenesis. 12/15 Lipoxygenase (12/15LO) by oxidizing polyunsaturated fatty acids synthesize hydroperoxyacids, which are potent oxidant and inflammatory mediators. Previously, we have shown that this metabolic pathway is increased in AD and mild cognitive impairment. In the present work we explore the effect of genetic deletion of 12/15LO on the AD–like phenotype of the transgenic mice tg2576. Absence of this enzyme was well tolerated by the animals, and resulted in a significant reduction in amyloid β (Aβ) formation and deposition. This effect was associated with an improvement of their behavior. In vitro studies showed that the molecular target of this enzymatic pathway is modulation of β secretase (BACE), which would result in a reduced formation of Aβ. These findings support the novel hypothesis that blockade of 12/15LO in the CNS may be an effective therapy for prevention or treatment of AD.
Faster Projection-free Online Learning (2020)

In many online learning problems the computational bottleneck for gradient-based methods is the projection operation. For this reason, in many problems the most efficient algorithms are based on the Frank-Wolfe method, which replaces projections by linear optimization. In the general case, however, online projection-free methods require more iterations than projection-based methods: the best known regret bound scales as $T^{3/4}$. Despite significant work on various variants of the Frank-Wolfe method, this bound has remained unchanged for a decade. In this paper we give an efficient projection-free algorithm that guarantees $T^{2/3}$ regret for general online convex optimization with smooth cost functions and one linear optimization computation per iteration. As opposed to previous Frank-Wolfe approaches, our algorithm is derived using the Follow-the-Perturbed-Leader method and is analyzed using an online primal-dual framework.
Is it possible to detect the presence of adenovirus in conjunctiva before the onset of conjunctivitis? (2008)

Although there is a possibility that eyes are contagious during the incubation period of adenoviral conjunctivitis in some situations, these results suggest that the possibility of the eye acting as a source for spreading infection during the incubation period is very small.
Solid-state power generation and cooling micro/nanodevices for distributed system architectures (2002)

Miniaturized solid-state devices for integrated thermal management packages and low power, high voltage, electrical power source systems are of interest for a variety of space and terrestrial applications. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) have been planning the use of much smaller spacecraft that will incorporate a variety of micro/nanodevices, such as microdetectors and microsensors, into miniature autonomous vehicles, such as microprobes and microrovers. High performance solid-state microcoolers and microgenerators based on thermoelectric, alpha-voltaic and thermionic energy conversion offer attractive solutions to the accelerating trend towards miniaturization of electronic components and distributed "system-on-a-chip" (SOAC) architectures where the functions of sense, compute, actuate, control, communicate and power are integrated. Novel thermoelectric micro/nanodevices that will provide the ability to handle much higher heat fluxes (thus resulting in high cooling power or electrical power densities), possess much faster response time as well as the possibility of generating high voltages under very small temperature differentials are being fabricated. After discussing the potential of thermoelectric and alpha-voltaic microdevices for SOAC architectures, we will report on our progress in electrochemical deposition of thermoelectric micro/nanoelements, thermoelectric and alpha-voltaic device microfabrication techniques as well as the electrical and thermal performance of the first devices.
Effect of water content on lipid/water interaction: a deuteron NMR study (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of water content on lipid/water interaction: a deuteron NMR studyM. Y. Kok, E. J. Delikatny, and E. E. BurnellCite this: Langmuir 1987, 3, 4, 547–549Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00076a018https://doi.org/10.1021/la00076a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mimicking Self-Antigens with Synthetic Peptides in Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (2009)

In systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the interaction between hyperactive T cells and B cells causes a dysregulated production of autoantibodies that can lead to tissue damage, with subsequent impaired organ function and disability. The available information on the immune cells that participate in this process has led to the development of several approaches that can influence disease course. One of these approaches uses immunomodulatory peptides that mimic selected sequences involved in the interaction between T and B cells. Preclinical studies in animal models have given encouraging results, and synthetic peptide-based intervention in human autoimmune rheumatic diseases is now approaching translational work into clinical settings.
Tracking and orbit determination of near earth orbiting satellites using earth synchronous relay satellites (1973)

A Tracking Data Relay Satellite System (TDRSS) made up of two earth synchronous data relay satellites is proposed for the late 1970s to aid in the tracking, or take the place of ground tracking, or near-earth orbiters. Theoretical error analysis studies were conducted to evaluate the TDRSS concept of tracking user satellites. All major factors affecting orbit determination accuracy were considered in the analysis, including tracking system and dynamic modeling errors.
Ab initio study of destabilized .pi.-conjugated systems with large .pi.-overlap: sulfur trimethylene and chlorine trimethylene cation. Electrostatics as a dominant factor in multiple bonding for second-row elements (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAb initio study of destabilized .pi.-conjugated systems with large .pi.-overlap: sulfur trimethylene and chlorine trimethylene cation. Electrostatics as a dominant factor in multiple bonding for second-row elementsAndrzej Rajca and Kee Hag LeeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 12, 4166–4171Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00194a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Background-Free, 3D Vibrational Imaging by Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy (2009)

We propose and experimentally show that stimulated Raman scattering can realize novel 3D nonlinear-optical Raman microscopy that is immune to nonresonant background signals. We demonstrate high-contrast molecular imaging of polystyrene beads and plant cells.
Ultra low power fault tolerant neural inspired CMOS logic (2006)

We present a new defect/fault tolerant ultra low power CMOS circuit exploiting low level redundancy. We show that wiring and transistors may be damaged while the functionality is still kept. We also demonstrate a new full adder based on the basic building block, capable of sub fJ power-delay-product for supply voltages below 100 mV, in a 120 nm process. The power-delay-product is reduced by about 50 % compared to the best previously published FA based on a 6 transistor reconfigurable subthreshold NOR-3, MAJ-3, NAND-3 circuit. Transistors are exploited as four terminal devices operating in subthreshold and DC characteristics for a threshold element is demonstrated by chip measurements.
SPECTRA OF AFTERGLOWS FROM NITROGEN-OXYGEN MIXTURES (1957)

Author Institution: National Bureau of Standards