gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C of economic values with and without risk for livestock trait improvement (2003)

This paper investigates the effect of incorporating risk in the derivation of economic values for livestock trait improvement. Two ways of obtaining economic values were contrasted, without consideration of risk (traditional economic values) and with incorporation of variance of profit and risk attitudes of livestock producers (risk-rated economic values). Traditional economic values were derived using a profit model, whereas risk-rated economic values were derived using a risk-rated profit model. A simplified example was considered for selection for the feedlot phase of beef production. One output trait (average daily gain) and one input trait (daily dry matter intake) and one management variable were considered. Risk was defined as the variance of profit and producer's risk attitude. Traditional economic values and risk-rated economic values differed in both absolute and relative terms. When relative economic values were considered, differences between traditional economic values and risk-rated economic values increased with risk premium. Differences were greater without optimisation of management than with optimisation, although in the example used there was limited impact on expected responses to selection in the component traits. Including risk preferences in breeding goals affects the cost-benefit analysis of breeding programs and might affect directions for selection.  2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
VEHICLE POWER UNITS OF THE FUTURE - PART 1 (1972)

MAIN AIR POLLUTANTS CONTAINED IN VEHICLE EXHAUST FUMES - HYDROCARBONS, CARBON MONOXIDE, NITRIC OXIDE AND LEAD - ARE DISCUSSED, AND THEIR ORIGIN EXAMINED. IT IS POINTED OUT THAT SPECIFIED TESTS CURRENTLY IN FORCE HAVE SET STANDARDS WHICH MAKE IT DIFFICULT TO OBTAIN AN ECONOMIC SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM OF EXHAUST FUMES. THESE TEST METHODS ARE DISCUSSED. POSSIBLE METHODS OF REDUCING THE HARMFUL POLLUTANTS FROM OTTO AND DIESEL ENGINES ARE DESCRIBED. MENTION IS MADE OF THE LOW POLLUTION WANKEL ENGINE AS A SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM.
Correlation Functions and Power Spectra in Variable Networks (1950)

The problem considered in this paper is that of establishing a relation between the correlation functions and also the power spectra of the input and output of a linear varying-parameter network (variable network) whose transmission characteristics are random-periodic functions of time. The notion of the correlation function of such a network is introduced and the following theorem is established: The correlation functions of the input and output of a variable network N may formally be regarded as the input and output of a variable network N whose system function is the correlation function of the system function of N. This theorem has many practical applications, particularly in connection with the determination of the correlation functions and power spectra of various random-periodic wave forms.
Bacterial meningitis presenting with normal cerebrospinal fluid (1987)

At a large children's hospital cases of bacterial meningitis with normal initial cerebrospinal fluid determinations other than culture or antigen detection assays were reviewed in an attempt to determine clinical or other laboratory findings accompanying this presentation. During a 5-year period from January, 1980, through December, 1985, 7 of 261 pediatric meningitis patients (2.7%) fulfilled these criteria. Ages ranged from 3 weeks to 18 months. All 7 patients were hospitalized for observation with all but 1 begun on empiric antibiotic therapy. Laboratory parameters such as a complete blood count, sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein did not influence decisions for management. Cerebrospinal fluid antigen detection assays were negative in all but one patient with pneumococcal meningitis. Review of these cases did not reveal unique indicators for bacterial meningitis. The results emphasize that the physician must rely on clinical judgment in initiating empiric antimicrobial therapy once apparently normal cerebrospinal fluid parameters are observed.
Ion energy distributions, electron temperatures, and electron densities in Ar, Kr, and Xe pulsed discharges (2012)

Ion energy distributions (IEDs) were measured near the edge of Faraday-shielded, inductively coupled pulsed plasmas in Ar, Kr, or Xe gas, while applying a synchronous dc bias on a boundary electrode, late in the afterglow. The magnitudes of the full width at half maximum of the IEDs were Xe &gt; Kr &gt; Ar, following the order of the corresponding electron temperatures in the afterglow, Te(Xe) &gt; Te(Kr) &gt; Te(Ar). The measured decays of Te with time in the afterglow were in excellent agreement with predictions from a global model. Measured time-resolved electron and positive ion densities near the plasma edge did not decay appreciably, even in the 80 μs long afterglow. This was attributed to transport of ions and electrons from the higher density central region of the plasma to the edge region, balancing the loss of plasma due to diffusion. This provides a convenient means of maintaining a relatively constant plasma density in the afterglow during processing using pulsed plasmas.
Influence of Medical Insurance Under the Affordable Care Act on Access to Pain Management of the Trauma Patient (2016)

Access to pain specialists for management of pain medication in the postoperative trauma patient proved challenging. Despite the Affordable Care Act, Medicaid patients still experienced curtailed access to pain specialists and confronted the highest incidence of barriers to receiving appointments.
Muscle Pain: Sensory Implications and Interaction With Motor Control (2008)

Muscle hyperalgesia and referred pain plays an important role in chronic musculoskeletal pain. New knowledge on the involved basic mechanisms and better methods to assess muscle pain in the clinic are needed to revise and optimize the treatment regimes. Increased muscle sensitivity is manifested as (1) pain evoked by a normally non-nociceptive stimulus (allodynia), (2) increased pain intensity evoked by nociceptive stimuli (hyperalgesia), or (3) increased referred pain areas with associated somatosensory changes. Quantitative sensory testing provides the possibility to evaluate these manifestations in a standardized way in patients suffering from musculoskeletal pain or in healthy volunteers. Some manifestations of sensitisation, such as expanded referred muscle pain areas in chronic musculoskeletal pain patients, can be explained from animal experiments showing extrasegmental spread of sensitisation. An important part of the pain manifestations (eg, tenderness and referred pain) related to chronic musculoskeletal disorders may be due to peripheral and central sensitization, which play a role in the transition from acute to chronic pain. In recent years, it has become evident that muscle pain can interfere with motor control strategies and different patters of interaction are seen during rest, static contractions, and dynamic conditions.
OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS FOR HIGH-LOADING OXIDATION DITCH PROCESS WITH CONTINUOUS AERATION FOR NITROGEN REMOVAL FROM DOMESTIC SEWAGE (2004)

連続曝気式高負荷型オキシデーションディッチ (OD) 法による下水からの窒素除去についてモデル実験により検討するとともに, その操作因子を理論的かつ実験的に検討した. その結果, 高負荷運転を行うことにより連続曝気式OD法でも10分以下という短い循環時間の条件下で80%以上の平均全窒素 (TN) 除去率を達成可能であることを実証した. 操作因子としては, 流入負荷およびMLVSS濃度に応じたDO循環速度 (RDO) の制御が重要であることを理論的に示すとともに, RDOの増大とともに脱窒が不充分となりTN除去率が減少することを実証した. また, 無曝気部へのDOの持ち込みを考慮した脱窒に係る正味のC/N比 (η値) を定義し, 無酸素ゾーンが必要量以上現出したRUNで脱窒が不十分であった理由が水素供与体の不足にあったことを示した.
Der Metabolismus des Retinoids Ro 10‐9359. Isolierung und Identifizierung der Hauptmetaboliten aus Plasma, Urin und Faeces des Menschen sowie aus der Galle der Ratte Synthese von drei Urinmetaboliten (1977)

The Metabolism of the Retinoid Ro 10‐9359. Isolation and Identification of the Major Metabolites in Human Plasma, Urine and Feces Synthesis of Three Urinary Metabolites After oral administration of therapeutic doses of the 3 H‐labelled aromatic retinoic acid analog (retinoid) Ro 10‐9359 (ethyl all‐ trans ‐9‐(4‐methoxy‐2,3,6‐trimethyl‐phenyl)‐3,7‐dimethyl‐2,4,6,8‐nonatetraenoate) to humans 75 and 15% of the 3 H‐dose were excreted within the first five days in the feces and the urine, respectively. Using chromatographic procedures including high pressure liquid chromatography 18 metabolites could be isolated from human urine. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and FT– 1 H‐NMR. spectroscopy. In these urinary metabolites the tetraene side chain of the parent compound Ro 10‐9359 is shortened. The radioactivity of the identified urinary metabolites accounted for about 11% of the dose. Three urinary metabolites were synthesized. The main part of the radioactivity excreted within the first five days in the feces consisted of unchanged drug (60% of the dose). A smaller (amount 15% of the dose) could not be identified. The unchanged drug and a major metabolite, the corresponding acid, were found in human plasma. In an experiment with bile‐duct cannulated rats the radioactively labelled retinoid Ro 10‐9359 was injected intravenously. About 70% of the 3 H‐dose was excreted in the bile, within the first 48 hours. The whole radioactivity of the rat bile consisted of polar metabolites. No unchanged drug could be found. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the bile conjugates three metabolites were isolated. The main metabolite (49% of the i.v. dose) was a conjugate of the corresponding acid of the parent drug, already found as free compound in human plasma. The other bile metabolites (9 and 7% of the i.v. dose) had an intact side chain, too. An enterohepatic recycling of the bile metabolites was observed in the rat.
The effect of clamped and free boundaries on long range strain coupling in structural phase transitions (1994)

Abstract In ferroelastic structural phase transitions, the atomic ordering in one cell creates a local strain field which is propagated elastically throughout the material, resulting in an effective or indirect coupling J(R ij ) between the ordering in cells i and j. With free boundaries on the sample, the J(R ij ) contains a Zener-Eshelby term J Z of infinite range, which largely determines the transition temperature T c. The present paper shows what happens when the boundaries are clamped. On cooling from a high temperature an anomaly takes place at more or less the same temperature as the phase transition for free boundaries. Cooling results in an irregular pattern of domains with positive and negative order parameter whose long range strains cancel. Two cases are distinguished. In the “tweed” case coherent domain boundaries form easily and result in fine lamellar domains. When coherent domain boundaries are not possible (the “non-Sapriel”) case, larger less regular domains are formed. In either case the macroscopic net strain adds up to zero. Key Words: Ferroelastic domainstweed texturestructural phase transitionscomputer simulation
Study on electrolytic grinding mechanism by using a single diamond tool with wear flat area. (1990)

Electrolytic single diamond cutting are performed to make clear the grinding
An immunocytochemical, cytosol, and ultrastructural study of tissue ferritin in breast carcinoma (1994)

Increased levels of serum ferritin in breast carcinoma is well known, however, its exact source has been disputed. Weinstein et al found six times the ferritin concentration in malignant tissue as compared to benign tissue. The anaplastic tumors had the highest ferritin concentrations, suggesting that the major site of the increased ferritin was the malignant epithelium. We found in a previous cytosolic and electron microscopic study of tissue ferritin in breast carcinoma that the malignant epithelium is almost certainly the source of the increased ferritin. To better define and expand this study and increase our knowledge of the role of transferrin receptors and iron metabolism in breast cancer, we began an immunocytochemical study of tissue ferritin to compliment our cytosol and ultrastructural observations. This was done with a mouse antihuman ferritin monoclonal antibody. To date 92 specimens have been examined by all three techniques. Immunocytochemical tissue slides showed intense staining of the cytoplasm with immunoperoxidase, and the intensity of the cytoplasmic staining correlated with the cytosolic concentrations and the electron microscopic findings.
Quasistatic displacement self-sensing method for cantilevered piezoelectric actuators (2009)

Piezoelectric meso- and microactuator systems required for manipulation or assembly of microscale objects demand reliable force and/or displacement information. Available sensors are prone to dimension restrictions or precision limitation. Self-sensing method, based on the electric charge measurement, may represent a solution in terms of cost-effectiveness and integration, the actuator performing simultaneously as its own sensor. This paper presents a self-sensing method dedicated to free uni- and bimorph piezocantilevers but can also be adapted to other piezoactuator types. The integrated electric current, used to convert the charge, can be compensated against piezoelectric material nonlinearities to provide accurate displacement information. The advantages relative to existing self-sensing methods consist in the ability to keep this displacement information for long-term periods (more than a thousand seconds) and in the reduction in signal noise. After introductive issues related to the method the base principle allowing the estimation of tip displacement is presented. Then, the identification procedure of the estimator parameters is depicted and representative experimental results are shown. Finally, a series of aspects related to electronic circuits are discussed, useful for successful system implementation.
Studying the stoichiometries of membrane proteins by mass spectrometry: microbial rhodopsins and a potassium ion channel (2010)

In the present work we demonstrate the advantages of LILBID mass spectrometry in the mass analysis of membrane proteins with emphasis on ion-pumps and channels. Due to their hydrophobic nature, membrane proteins have to be solubilized by detergents. However, these molecules tend to complicate the analysis by mass spectrometry. In LILBID, detergent molecules are readily tolerated which allows for the study of solution phase quaternary structures of membrane proteins. This is shown for the proton-pump bacteriorhodospin and the potassium channel KcsA where in both cases the stoichiometries found by LILBID reflect the known structures from 2D or 3D crystals. With proteorhodopsin we demonstrate a preliminary detergent screening showing different structures in different detergents and the implications for the functionality of this protein. We show that Triton-X 100 prevents the formation of the pentamer of proteorhodopsin. Furthermore, the quaternary structures of proteorhodopsin cloned without the signal peptide and of the cation channel channelrhodopsin-2 were studied. The intrinsic properties of channelrhodopsin-2 allow for mass spectrometric analysis in very high salt concentrations up to 100 mM of NaCl. In summary we demonstrate that LILBID is an alternative mass spectrometric method for the analysis of membrane proteins from solution phase.
E-selectin polymorphism in erythema nodosum secondary to sarcoidosis. (2004)

The present study constitutes the first attempt to assess the influence of E-selectin polymorphism at position +561 in the development of sarcoidosis. The C allele at the +561 position of the E-selectin gene is associated with significantly reduced risk of developing sarcoidosis in patients with EN.
Up-regulation of transforming growth factor alpha expression by transforming growth factor beta 1, epidermal growth factor, and N,N-dimethylformamide in human colon carcinoma cells. (1993)

This report examines the effects of inhibitors of cell proliferation on transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) expression in low-density cultures of poorly (PD) and well-differentiated (WD) human colon carcinoma cells, continuously maintained in serum-free medium. In contrast to results in certain untransformed cells, growth inhibitors such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and N,N-dimethylformamide up-regulated TGF-alpha mRNA and protein expression in these human colon carcinoma cells. Treatment of low-density WD cells with TGF-beta 1 (10 ng/ml) resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in TGF-alpha mRNA levels within 4 h of treatment. TGF-alpha mRNA levels increased to 2.7-fold above control values by 48 h after TGF-beta 1 addition. Additionally, over a TGF-beta 1 concentration range of 1-30 ng/ml, TGF-alpha protein levels were increased by 2-10-fold, despite the fact that the growth of the WD cells remained inhibited. Although TGF-beta 1 control of TGF-alpha expression was altered in these WD colon carcinoma cells, relative to that in untransformed cells previously examined, the cells retained the ability to up-regulate TGF-alpha expression in an epidermal growth factor-dependent manner. In similarity to the results with TGF-beta 1 in WD colon carcinoma cells, the differentiation agent N,N-dimethylformamide (0.7%) resulted in an increase of TGF-alpha mRNA of approximately 3.8-fold in PD colon carcinoma cells, as well as a 4.4-fold increase in TGF-alpha protein after 4 days of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of a Fully Covered Self-Expanding Metal Stent With Flared Ends in Malignant Biliary Obstruction (2013)

In the management of malignant distal biliary strictures, the fully covered WallFlex stent has acceptable patency and complication rates. Further long-term prospective data are required to confirm this observation.
A fast response oxygen sensor based upon a fully-sealed zirconia pump-gauge operated in the potentiometric mode (1992)

An instrument for fast and continuous measurement of oxygen partial pressure not requiring a reference gas was constructed around a sealed zirconia oxygen pump-gauge sensor operated in the AC mode. By appropriate signal processing of the gauge EMF, the mean oxygen partial pressure within the sensor was determined and maintained constant via a feedback loop. Potentiometric measurement of the oxygen partial pressure in the sample gas was made relative to this controlled internal reference. The response time of the instrument for a step change in oxygen partial pressure from 1 to 10 kPa was only 65 ms.
11-KETOLITHOCHOLIC ACID AND 11-KETOCHOLESTANOL FROM THE Δ<sup>7,9(11)</sup>-DIENES (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT11-KETOLITHOCHOLIC ACID AND 11-KETOCHOLESTANOL FROM THE Δ7,9(11)-DIENESLouis F. Fieser, Josef E. Herz, and Wei-Yuan HuangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 5, 2397Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01149a552https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01149a552research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A genome scan for quantitative trait loci influencing carcass, post‐natal growth and reproductive traits in commercial Angus cattle (2010)

To gain insight into the number of loci of large effect that underlie variation in cattle, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) scan for 14 economically important traits was performed in two commercial Angus populations using 390 microsatellites, 11 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one duplication loci. The first population comprised 1769 registered Angus bulls born between 1955 and 2003, with Expected Progeny Differences computed by the American Angus Association. The second comprised 38 half-sib families containing 1622 steers with six post-natal growth and carcass phenotypes. Linkage analysis was performed by half-sib least squares regression with gridqtl or Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis of complex pedigrees with loki. Of the 673 detected QTL, only 118 have previously been reported, reflecting both the conservative approach to QTL reporting in the literature, and the more liberal approach taken in this study. From 33 to 71% of the genetic variance and 35 to 56% of the phenotypic variance in each trait was explained by the detected QTL. To analyse the effects of 11 SNPs and one duplication locus within candidate genes on each trait, a single marker analysis was performed by fitting an additive allele substitution model in both mapping populations. There were 53 associations detected between the SNP/duplication loci and traits with -log(10) P(nominal) ≥ 4.0, where each association explained 0.92% to 4.4% of the genetic variance and 0.01% to 1.86% of the phenotypic variance. Of these associations, only six SNP/duplication loci were located within 8 cM of a QTL peak for the trait, with two being located at the QTL peak: SST_DG156121:c.362A>G for ribeye muscle area and TG_X05380:c.422C>T for calving ease. Strong associations between several SNP/duplication loci and trait variation were obtained in the absence of any detected linked QTL. However, we reject the causality of several commercialized DNA tests, including an association between TG_X05380:c.422C>T and marbling in Angus cattle.
A signal theoretic approach to measure the influence of image resolution for appearance-based vehicle detection (2008)

In this work a framework to measure the influence of training image resolution on classification performance for appearance-based object detection algorithms is presented. It is shown that based on sampling theory a reasonable image resolution for feature extraction can be chosen in advance, that is prior to the time consuming feature extraction and testing of the classifier. This is possible due to measuring the signal energy that is preserved in a low resolution image with respect to the optimal case of a high resolution image. The approach is justified using an AdaBoost algorithm with Haar-like features for vehicle detection. Tests of classifiers, trained with different resolutions, are performed and the results are presented. These results reveal that there is a good tradeoff between classification performance and computational load. The presented framework helps choosing a resolution for a good description of the training data.