gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Republican Revolution and the House Appropriations Committee (2000)

This study applies the theory of "conditional party government" to the interaction between the Republican party and the Appropriations Committee in the 104th House, seen in the context of developments since the 96th Congress. As expected by the theory, we find that the relatively homogenous preferences of the Republican contingent in the House led them to adopt new institutional arrangements to enhance the powers of their leaders, which in turn were used to advance the party's policy goals. Given that the leadership decided to use Appropriations as one of the vehicles of major policy change, they and the Conference sought to monitor the committee's actions, and to influence it to behave as they wanted. The leaders used their enhanced powers over incentives and with regard to the agenda to advance the party cause. Both leaders and the Conference sought to block policy shifts away from what they wanted, but facilitated changes in the desired direction. Finally, we expected to see evidence of the increasing applicability of the theory over time, culminating in the developments of the 104th Congress, and this expectation was borne out.
Design, fabrication, and measurement of reflective metasurface for orbital angular momentum vortex wave in radio frequency domain (2016)

In this paper, a reflective metasurface is designed, fabricated, and experimentally demonstrated to generate an orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex wave in radio frequency domain. Theoretical formula of phase-shift distribution is deduced and used to design the metasurface producing vortex radio waves. The prototype of a practical configuration is designed, fabricated, and measured to validate the theoretical analysis at 5.8 GHz. The simulated and experimental results verify that the vortex waves with different OAM mode numbers can be flexibly generated by using sub-wavelength reflective metasurfaces. The proposed method and metasurface pave a way to generate the OAM vortex waves for radio and microwave wireless communication applications.
Evaluation of Tissue Homogenization to Support the Generation of GMP‐Compliant Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Umbilical Cord (2016)

Recent studies have demonstrated that the umbilical cord (UC) is an excellent source of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, current protocols for extracting and culturing UC-MSCs do not meet current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) standards, in part due to the use of xenogeneic reagents. To support the development of a cGMP-compliant method, we have examined an enzyme-free isolation method utilizing tissue homogenization (t-H) followed by culture in human platelet lysate (PL) supplemented media. The yield and viability of cells after t-H were comparable to those obtained after collagenase digestion (Col-D). Importantly, kinetic analysis of cultured cells showed logarithmic growth over 10 tested passages, although the rate of cell division was lower for t-H as compared to Col-D. This slower growth of t-H-derived cells was also reflected in their longer population doubling time. Interestingly, there was no difference in the expression of mesenchymal markers and trilineage differentiation potential of cells generated using either method. Finally, t-H-derived cells had greater clonogenic potential compared to Col-D/FBS but not Col-D/PL and were able to maintain CFU-F capacity through P7. This bench scale study demonstrates the possibility of generating therapeutic doses of good quality UC-MSCs within a reasonable length of time using t-H and PL.
Proteomic Analysis of Antiproliferative Effects by Treatment of 5-Fluorouracil in Cervical Cancer Cells (2004)

The global effects of 5-fluorouracil (FU) on cervical carcinoma cells were analyzed using an efficient proteomic method. More than 50 proteins showed a significant change in 5-FU-treated cervical carcinoma cells compared to control cells. Among them, 34 proteins have been identified by employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF-MS using peptide mass fingerprinting. In results, 22 proteins were upregulated (CIDE-B [cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector B], caspase-3, caspase-8, Apo-1/CD95 (Fas), etc.) and 12 proteins were downregulated (mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3, myc proto-oncogene protein [c-myc], src substrate cortactin, transforming protein p21A, etc.) by 5-FU treatment in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells as determined by spot volume (P <0.05). Our experiments showed that 5-FU engaged the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway involving cytosolic cytochrome c release and subsequent activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 as well as the membrane death receptor (DR)-mediated apoptotic pathway involving activation of caspase-8 with an Apo-1/CD95 (Fas)-dependent fashion. In addition, we could observe reduction of HPV-18 E6/E7 gene expression and activation of p53, pRb, and p21waf1 proteins by 5-FU treatment in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells. In conclusion, we suggest that 5-FU suppresses the growth of cervical cancer cells not only by antiproliferative effect but also antiviral regulation. Our findings may offer new insights into the mechanism of anticancer effect affected by 5-FU treatment in cervical cancer cells and its mode of action.
Expression of Exogenous NF-IL6 Induces Apoptosis in Sp2/0-Ag14 Myeloma Cells (1997)

NF-IL6 (or C/EBP beta) is a multifunctional transcription factor of the C/EBP family. To study the effects of exogenous expression of NF-IL6 on the growth of cells of hematopoietic tumors, we infected SP2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells with pLXSN recombinant retrovirus harboring the NF-IL6 cDNA. We found that the transfected cells revealed changes typical of the apoptosis and finally died. The expression of NF-IL6 protein was shown by a "supershift" assay in the NF-IL6-transfected cells. In controls, where cells were infected by the retroviral vector with a mutant NF-IL6 coding region as well as the vector without insert, no sign for expression of NF-IL6 and apoptosis was observed. Therefore, our work shows that the apoptosis of this myeloma cell line was induced by the exogenous NF-IL6 expression. This is significantly different from the apparent effects of NF-IL6 in leukemia cells and in fibroblasts. These facts indicate that NF-IL6 exerts different functions in different cell types. We discuss possible mechanisms for the NF-IL6-induced apoptosis.
WiFi AP position estimation using contribution from heterogeneous mobile devices (2012)

We analyze a statistical characteristics of WiFi RSSI difference from heterogeneous devices and propose its normal distributed model for cancelling the effect of the diversity of devices on WiFi AP's RSSI measurements. To evaluate the accuracy enhancement of WiFi AP position through WiFi RSSI difference correction, four devices with different WiFi chipsets are used to collect measurements in a small-scale testbed. As a result, the correction can normalize WiFi RSSI measurements from heterogeneous devices into WiFi RSSI measurements from a reference device so that the quick and accurate survey is achievable by using multiple devices in wide indoor area. Furthermore, user generated contribution, which uses heterogeneous devices, can be easily applied to the WiFi AP position estimation by using this correction.
Double fluorescent flow cytometric assessment of bacterial internalization and binding by epithelial cells (1996)

This study describes a new flow cytometric method for assessment of phagocytosis of specific bacteria (bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and Escherichia coli) by bladder epithelial cells. The internalization assay consisted of labeling bacteria chemically with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). Subsequent to incubation of fluoresceinated bacteria with internalizing cells, adherent nonphagocytosed bacteria were marked by two-step labeling using specific antibodies and phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antibodies. Double fluorescent FACS analysis differentiated between bacterial phagocytosis and adherence. The validity of the method was shown by inhibition of BCG phagocytosis at 4°C by cytochalasin B, by removal of excess free bacteria, and by anti-BCG antibodies. BCG-phagocytizing and -nonphagocytizing cell lines were discriminated by applying this technique to a series of bladder carcinoma cell lines. There seemed to be a relationship between phagocytic capacity and grade of differentiation in these cell lines, which may have implications for topical BCG immunotherapy in superficial bladder cancer. In conclusion, a new, reliable, rapid, and relatively simple double fluorescent method is described for quantification of specific bacterial internalization by large numbers of (bladder) epithelial cells. This method should be generally applicable to the study of in vitro interaction between bacteria and different types of host cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analysis methodology of diesel spray and flame by means of in-cylinder endoscopic imaging (2000)

In-cylinder endoscopic imaging has been presented as an optical diagnostic tool for diesel spray injection and combustion studies. The basic methodology for the tests and subsequent image processing has been discussed, together with some limitations to be taken into account. The results show that endoscopy can provide additional information about some important processes related to the development of combustion, for which conventional non-optical procedures can give no account.
A fast bootstrapped switch for high-speed high-resolution A/D converter (2010)

This paper introduces new charge and discharge paths to speed up the turn-on and turn-off process of bootstrapped switch. In the mean time, linearity is improved without increasing capacitance or area. The proposed switch is designed in SMIC 65nm CMOS process and the results indicate that total harmonic distortion (THD) of 95dB is acquired when 103MHz input signal is sampled at 1Gsps.
Stressful Life Events and Previous Episodes in the Etiology of Major Depression in Women: An Evaluation of the “Kindling” Hypothesis (2000)

The association between previous number of depressive episodes and the pathogenic impact of stressful life events on major depression is likely causal and biphasic. Through approximately nine episodes, the association between stressful life event exposure and risk of major depression progressively declines but is largely unchanged with further episodes. These results are consistent with the kindling hypothesis but suggest a threshold at which the mind/brain is no longer additionally sensitized to the depressive state.
The Contact Area and Pressure Distribution Pattern of the Knee:<i>A Study of Normal and Osteoarthrotic Knee Joints</i> (1980)

Seven knees were studied to determine the contact area and pressure distribution of the tibiofemoral joint, under various loads and at 0 degrees flexion, using the casting method and special sensor sheets. At a load of 1000N (Newton) the contact area of the knee was 11.5 x 10(2) mm2 with menisci and 5.2 x 10(2) mm2 without menisci, and the menisci occupied 70% of the total contact area. Peak pressure at 1000N was 3MPa (Mega Pascal) with the menisci and 6MPa without them. The high pressure areas were located on the lateral meniscus as well as on the uncovered part of the articular cartilage of the lateral compartment, and on the uncovered cartilage in the medial compartment. After removal of the menisci the contact area decreased to below one half that of the intact knee and the contact pressure considerably increased. These facts imply that the menisci have load bearing and load spreading functions. The contact areas were also measured in two osteoarthrotic knees and they were significantly larger than those in normal knees. In these arthrotic knees the menisci seemed to play a less significant role in transmission of weight than in the normal knees.
Raising the Bar on Reactive Deposition Sputter Rates (2015)

Sputtering non-conductive oxides at a high deposition rate for a long period of time has always been a goal for process engineers. During sputtering of these types of processes using DC with one magnetron, the anode gets covered up with oxides, goes away, and the plasma dies. The proven solution for this is the use of AC power delivery using two magnetrons. We all know that, while effectively keeping the anode clean, the AC style of power delivery results in a loss of deposition rate of about 25% from the initial DC one magnetron design. If rotatable magnetrons are used in the AC delivery, the end blocks have limited inductive current capability. Substrate and sputter zone heating are also undesirable effects of the AC power-delivery system. Using two bipolar pulsed-DC power delivery systems and a floating anode added to the AC style dual magnetron sputtering zone, one can achieve high deposition rates by delivering more power than is possible with the AC solution. This can be as high as two times the deposition rate of AC. The floating anode stays thermally hot to desorb oxide deposited on it. Substrate temperature is about one half compared to traditional AC power delivery. The sputtering zone and end blocks no longer inductively heat, so higher power can be delivered, resulting in even more deposition rate. Methodology and results are presented. RAISING THE BAR ON REACTIVE DEPOSITION SPUTTER RATES Douglas R. Pelleymounter
Factorization of rational spectral matrices: a survey of methods (1991)

The factorization of rational spectral matrices arises in the analysis and design of linear systems via transfer function techniques. The paper presents a survey of major computational methods for factorization applicable to discrete-time problems. The properties of the resulting procedures are discussed and guidelines are provided for the user.
Pathogen evasion strategies for the major histocompatibility complex class I assembly pathway (2008)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules bind and present short antigenic peptides from endogenously or exogenously derived sources to CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), with recognition of a foreign peptide normally targeting the cell for lysis. It is generally thought that the high level of MHC polymorphism, which is concentrated mostly within the peptide-binding groove, is driven by the 'evolutionary arms race' against pathogens. Many pathogens have developed novel and intriguing mechanisms for evading the continuous sampling of the intracellular and intercellular environments by MHC molecules, none more so than viruses. The characterization of immunoevasion mechanisms has improved our understanding of MHC biology. This review will highlight our current understanding of the MHC class I biosynthetic pathway and how it has been exploited by pathogens, especially viruses, to potentially evade CTL recognition.
Towards Doubling Farm Income: Myths or Reality for the North East Hilly Region (2017)

Farming systems in north-eastern states are complex and characterized with high degree of risk and uncertainty. At household level, particularly in upland conditions, the farming systems are highly diverse with multiple crops (mixed cropping), but at aggregate level the cropping pattern is skewed to paddy only. At the aggregate level, the extent of crop diversification appeared quite low in the north-eastern states. But, at the micro-level, the studies indicate the possibility of a very high level of crop diversification, particularly at highland regions. This dichotomy is prevailing in the north-east agriculture. Improvement of farming system through selection and promotion of suitable crop-mix in compliance with the existing socioeconomic as well as topographical situations would certainly enhance farm income. However, those crops were mostly cultivated at a very small scale and the economies of scales were restricted as those farm lands were primarily managed by the family labour and the scope of farm mechanization was limited. There is a growing need for prioritization of sub-sectors with potential of short-term as well as long-term growth and framing strategies to sustain these growths through appropriate institutional support and public- private partnership (PPP). The process will help reduce economic inequality and provide social stability where the voice of local community will be the major guiding force.
<b>BARD</b>: Better Automated Redistricting (2011)

<b>BARD</b> is the first (and at time of writing, only) open source software package for general redistricting and redistricting analysis. <b>BARD</b> provides methods to create, display, compare, edit, automatically refine, evaluate, and profile political districting plans. <b>BARD</b> aims to provide a framework for scientific analysis of redistricting plans and to facilitate wider public participation in the creation of new plans. <b>BARD</b> facilitates map creation and refinement through command-line, graphical user interface, and automatic methods. Since redistricting is a computationally complex partitioning problem not amenable to an exact optimization solution, <b>BARD</b> implements a variety of selectable metaheuristics that can be used to refine existing or randomly-generated redistricting plans based on user-determined criteria. Furthermore, <b>BARD</b> supports automated generation of redistricting plans and profiling of plans by assigning different weights to various criteria, such as district compactness or equality of population. This functionality permits exploration of trade-offs among criteria. The intent of a redistricting authority may be explored by examining these trade-offs and inferring which reasonably observable plans were not adopted. Redistricting is a computationally-intensive problem for even modest-sized states. Performance is thus an important consideration in <b>BARD</b>'s design and implementation. The program implements performance enhancements such as evaluation caching, explicit memory management, and distributed computing across <b>snow</b> clusters.
Can coadministration of oxycodone and morphine produce analgesic synergy in humans? An experimental cold pain study (2004)

These results indicate that at the doses tested, morphine and oxycodone do not produce synergistic antinociceptive effects in healthy humans exposed to the CPT.
Biochemical Sociology: Correlates of Aggression. (2005)

Evaluation of the N21-P38 interval and P38 latency in tibial nerve SEPs potentially helps in differentiating between NMOSD and MS.
Javafx: Developing Rich Internet Applications (2009)

Build Rich Applications that Run on the Desktop, the Web, Mobile Devices...Anywhere! Using JavaFX, developers and graphic designers can work together to build robust, immersive applications and deploy them anywhere: on the desktop, on the Web, and on millions of Java-enabled mobile devices. JavaFX lets you maintain your existing graphics and seamlessly integrate them into Java applications. Plus, JavaFX Script is a declarative language that allows you to preserve your investment in the Java platform while allowing more creativity with JavaFXs Rich Internet Application environment. JavaFX: Developing Rich Internet Applications brings together all the knowledge, techniques, and reusable code you need to quickly deliver production-quality solutions. Writing for both developers and designers, the authors explain how JavaFX simplifies and improves the RIA development process, and they show how to make the most of its ready-built components and frameworks. JavaFX covers everything from data integration to multimedia, special effects to REST. The authors present a full chapter of code recipes and a complete case study application. This books wide-ranging content includes Building and running JavaFX programs Understanding the role of graphics designers in creating JavaFX Graphical Assets Writing fast, efficient JavaFX Script programs Using data binding to simplify Model-View-Controller application design Creating rich user experiences with JavaFX visual components Bringing user interfaces to life with lighting, reflection, and other special effects Adding motion with the JavaFX animation framework Incorporating pictures, sound, and videos in your applications Creating RESTful applications with JSON and XML Writing JavaFX applications that make the most of the underlying Java platform The Java Series is supported, endorsed, and authored by the creators of the Java technology at Sun Microsystems, Inc. It is the official place to go for complete, expert, and definitive information on Java technology. The books in this Series provide the inside information you need to build effective, robust, and portable applications and applets. The Series is an indispensable resource for anyone targeting the Java platform.
Down-modulation of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor on monocytes during human septic shock (2006)

Monocyte GM-CSFr down-modulation occurred in septic shock, was associated with severity, and might be either another manifestation of monocyte deactivation linked to sepsis or an additional mechanism participating in immunosuppression.
Mechanising blockchain consensus (2018)

We present the first formalisation of a blockchain-based distributed consensus protocol with a proof of its consistency mechanised in an interactive proof assistant.
A feature point clustering approach to the segmentation of form documents (2002)

Among various kinds of documents, forms are one of the important types. The prerequisite for form optical character recognition (Form OCR) is the extraction of characters from form documents. The authors present a clustering based technique for extracting characters from form documents. In this method, they treat the character extraction process as a pattern clustering problem. The feasibility of the novel method is demonstrated through experimenting various kinds of forms. Experimental results reveal the feasibility of the novel method.
Energy balanced data propagation in wireless sensor networks (2004)

Summary form only given. We study the problem of energy-balanced data propagation in wireless sensor networks. The energy balance property guarantees that the average per sensor energy dissipation is the same for all sensors, during the entire execution of the protocol. This property is important since it prolongs the network's lifetime by avoiding early energy depletion of sensors. We propose a new algorithm that in each step decides whether to propagate data one-hop towards the final destination (the sink), or to send data directly to the sink. This randomized choice balances the (cheap) one-hop transmissions with the direct transmissions to the sink, which are more expensive but "bypass" the sensors lying close to the sink. Note that, in most protocols, these close to the sink sensors tend to be overused and die out early. By a detailed analysis we precisely estimate the probabilities for each propagation choice in order to guarantee energy balance. The needed estimation can easily be performed by current sensors using simple to obtain information. Under some assumptions, we also derive a closed form for these probabilities. The fact (shown by our analysis) that direct (expensive) transmissions to the sink are needed only rarely, shows that our protocol, besides energy-balanced, is also energy efficient.
An efficient VLSI/FPGA architecture for combining an analysis filterbank following a synthesis filterbank (2004)

This paper describes an efficient structure to implement a system consisting of an M-channel synthesis filterbank followed by an L-channel analysis filterbank (where M is a multiple of L or L is a multiple of M). The structure is very efficient in VLSI, FPGA or parallel processor implementation in terms of requiring less area or logic blocks, lower power consumption and extending the degree of parallelism. The proposed method is applicable in situations where a subband based processing or encoding follows another subband based processing or decoding and the intermediate synthesized signal is not a desired signal in itself.