gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a feline viral rhinotracheitis-feline calicivirus disease vaccine. (1977)

An attenuated respiratory disease vaccine against feline viral rhinotracheitis (FVR) and feline calicivirus (FCV) disease was evaluated for safety and efficacy in specific-pathogen-free cats. Twenty cats were vaccinated twice intramuscularly, with 28 days between vaccinations. Ten unvaccinated cats were used as contact controls. Adverse effects were not noticed after vaccination, and the vaccinal virus did not spread to contact controls. Arithmetical mean serum-neutralizing titers against vaccinal FCV strain F9 and challenge FCV strain 255 were 1:13 and 1:15 at 28 days after the 1st inoculation. These titers increased to 1:45 and 1:196 after the 2nd inoculation. After challenge exposure of vaccinated cats to virulent FCV 255 virus, mean titers increased to 1:129 and 1:865, respectively for F9 and 255 viruses. The F9 postchallenge mean titer for vaccinated cats was 21.5 times higher than that for the 8 contact controls that survived challenge exposure. The arithmetical mean serum neutralizing titer for FVR was low (1:2) after the 1st vaccination, but increased to 1:35 after the 2nd vaccination. Challenge exposure to virulent FVR virus resulted in a marked anamnestic immune response (mean titer of 1:207, compared with 1:12 for contact controls). In general, vaccinated cats remained alert and healthy after challenge exposure with FCV-255, whereas unvaccinated contact control cats developed definite signs of FCV disease, including central nervous system (CNS) depression (6 of 10) and dyspnea indicative of pneumonia (5 of 10). Two controls died of severe pneumonia. A mild fibrile response was detected in 28% of vaccinated cats, compared with a more severe febrile response in 78% of control cats. Some vaccinated cats developed minute lingual ulcers that did not appear to be detrimental to the health of the cat. After FVR challenge exposure, vaccinated cats were free of serious clinical signs. Five of 18 vaccinated cats had mild signs of FVR, including an occasional sneeze, low temperature, and mild serous lacrimation for 1 or 2 days. Contact controls developed definite clinical signs of FVR. The combined FVR-FCV vaccine appears to be safe and reasonably efficacious. Vaccination against FCV disease and FVR should be part of the routine feline immunization program.
Entanglement Renormalization and Topological Order (2008)

The multiscale entanglement renormalization ansatz (MERA) is argued to provide a natural description for topological states of matter. The case of Kitaev's toric code is analyzed in detail and shown to possess a remarkably simple MERA description leading to distillation of the topological degrees of freedom at the top of the tensor network. Kitaev states on an infinite lattice are also shown to be a fixed point of the renormalization group flow associated with entanglement renormalization. All of these results generalize to arbitrary quantum double models.
Phase III comparative evaluation of PCNU and carmustine combined with radiation therapy for high-grade glioma. (1993)

PCNU has no therapeutic advantage at this dose and schedule and does not warrant further study as a single agent for patients with high-grade glioma.
RBF neural network for thrust and torque predictions in drilling operations (2003)

In recent years, radial basis function (RBF) neural networks have been shown to be versatile for performance prediction involving nonlinear processes. Machining performance prediction involving various process variables is a nonlinear problem. The conventional mechanics of the cutting approach for predicting thrust and torque in drilling makes use of the oblique cutting theory and an orthogonal cutting databank. The quantitative reliability, in these models, depends on the 'input parameters' along with the 'edge force' components from the orthogonal cutting databank for that given work material. By contrast, neural networks for drilling performance prediction have been shown to be successful for quantitative predictions with minimum number of inputs. In this paper, an RBF neural network architecture is proposed which uses process variables such as tool geometry and operating conditions to estimate thrust and torque in drilling. Extensive drilling tests are carried out to train the RBF network. The developed network is tested over a range of process variables to estimate thrust and torque. It is shown that, using the neural network architecture, the drilling forces are 'simultaneously' predicted to within 5% of the experimental values.
Towards molecular imaging of multiple sclerosis (2011)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has had a profound impact on both research and clinical management of multiple sclerosis (MS), but signal changes reflect underlying neuropathology only indirectly and often non-specifically. Positron emission tomography (PET) offers the potential to complement MRI with quantitative measures of molecularly specific markers of cellular and metabolic processes. PET radiotracers already available promise new insights into the dynamics of the innate immune response, neuronal function, neurodegeneration and remyelination. Because PET is an exquisitely sensitive technique (able to image even picomolar concentrations), only microdoses of radioligand (<10 µg) are needed for imaging. This facilitates rapid implementation of novel radioligands because extensive toxicology data is not required. In the future, molecular imaging could assist clinical decision-making with patient stratification for optimization of treatment selection.
Automatic Global Multiscale Seismic Inversion (2016)

Modern global seismic waveform tomography is formulated as a PDE-constrained nonlinear optimization problem, where the optimization variables are Earth's visco-elastic parameters. This particular problem has several defining characteristics. First, the solution to the forward problem, which involves the numerical solution of the elastic wave equation over continental to global scales, is computationally expensive. Second, the determinedness of the inverse problem varies dramatically as a function of data coverage. This is chiefly due to the uneven distribution of earthquake sources and seismometers, which in turn results in an uneven sampling of the parameter space. Third, the seismic wavefield depends nonlinearly on the Earth's structure. Sections of a seismogram which are close in time may be sensitive to structure greatly separated in space.
A Collision-Resistant Rate-1 Double-Block-Length Hash Function (2007)

This paper proposes a construction for collision resistant $2n$-bit hash functions, based on $n$-bit block ciphers with $2n$-bit keys. The construction is analysed in the ideal cipher model; for $n=128$ an adversary would need roughly $2^{122}$ units of time to find a collision. The construction employs ``combinatorial'' hashing as an underlying building block (like Universal Hashing for cryptographic message authentication by Wegman and Carter). The construction runs at rate~1, thus improving on a similar rate~1/2 approach by Hirose (FSE 2006).
Metric Learning: A Survey (2013)

The metric learning problem is concerned with learning a distance function tuned to a particular task, and has been shown to be useful when used in conjunction with nearest-neighbor methods and other techniques that rely on distances or similarities. Metric Learning: A Review presents an overview of existing research in this topic, including recent progress on scaling to high-dimensional feature spaces and to data sets with an extremely large number of data points. It presents as unified a framework as possible under which existing research on metric learning can be cast. The monograph starts out by focusing on linear metric learning approaches, and mainly concentrates on the class of Mahalanobis distance learning methods. It then discusses nonlinear metric learning approaches, focusing on the connections between the non-linear and linear approaches. Finally, it discusses extensions of metric learning, as well as applications to a variety of problems in computer vision, text analysis, program analysis, and multimedia. Metric Learning: A Review is an ideal reference for anyone interested in the metric learning problem. It synthesizes much of the recent work in the area and it is hoped that it will inspire new algorithms and applications.
Candidate estimators for aorta diameter estimation using monostatic radar (2010)

This work is aimed at using a radar for the estimation of central blood pressure in a non-invasive manner. For this objective, we address in this article the issue of aorta diameter estimation.
The Visually Impaired Reader in the Academic Library (1978)

The Visually Impaired
General method of finding initial conditions (1988)

A general way of finding the initial conditions appearing in systems described by ordinary differential equations is given. The proposed method is based on control theory and graph analysis, and works for both linear and nonlinear systems. It permits an investigation of the initial conditions induced by any one or more of the following: (1) step inputs; (2) impulse inputs; and (3) jumps of system parameters caused by some external effect other than the primary input.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
II. On the polarization of light by crystals of iodine (1877)

Abstract On examining by means of a Nicol prism the light reflected from the surface of a layer of iodine, obtained by heating a fragment of that substance and then squeezing it between two plates of glass, as described in the preceding paper, I found that the film did not appear of uniform brightness, and that when the Nicol was rotated the relative brilliancy of different parts of the film changed—a portion that had appeared dark when the principal section of the Nicol was vertical, became bright when it was horizontal, and vice versa; and, also, if instead of altering the position of the Nicol, the film of iodine was rotated horizontally, the Nicol remaining at rest, the same changes in brilliancy occurred. Removing the upper glass made no difference, except that the surface of the film of iodine tarnished rapidly, and then the amount of light reflected by it became considerably less.
Atomistic simulation of ionic and electronic defects in Y<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

An empirical two-body potential model has been developed in order to describe the electronic and ionic defect properties of orthorhombic Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. The potential model was derived starting from known potentials and calculated potentials and fits the crystal structure to better than 0.03 \AA{} for the major bonds. Oxygen vacancy formation and hole trapping as a localized polaron are most favorable at the chain oxygen ion site 1. Hole trapping on ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ ions is most favorable for ions in the copper-oxygen plane. Divalent impurity ions such as ${\mathrm{Ni}}^{2+}$, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{2+}$, and ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{2+}$ can dissolve in the crystal preferentially at the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ plane site 2. On the other hand, trivalent impurities such as ${\mathrm{Al}}^{3+}$, ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$, and ${\mathrm{Ga}}^{3+}$ dissolve in the crystal at the chain ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ site 1 along with the incorporation of oxygen ions. Anions such as ${\mathrm{S}}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$, ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, or ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ would preferentially substitute for ${\mathrm{O}}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$ at sites near the ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ chain position.
Control of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems in the Presence of Uncertainties (2018)

In this paper, an optimal nonlinear controller based on model predictive control (MPC) for a flywheel energy storage system is proposed in which the constraints on the system states and actuators are taken into account. In order to control the system in the presence of modeling uncertainties and under the influence of external disturbances, tube-based MPC is utilized as a robust controller. Simulation results demonstrate the merits of the proposed method in controlling the dc link voltage and the fly wheel speed.
Performance Study and Dynamic Optimization Design for Thread Pool Systems (2004)

Thread pools have been widely used by many multithreaded applications. However, the determination of the pool size according to the application behavior still remains problematic. To automate this process, in this thesis we have developed a set of performance metrics for quantitatively analyzing thread pool performance. For our experiments, we built a thread pool system which provides a general framework for thread pool research. Based on this simulation environment, we studied the performance impact brought by the thread pool on different multithreaded applications. Additionally, the correlations between internal characterizations of thread pools and their throughput were also examined. We then proposed and evaluated a heuristic algorithm to dynamically determine the optimal thread pool size. The simulation results show that this approach is effective in improving overall application performance.
miR-150 as a potential biomarker associated with prognosis and therapeutic outcome in colorectal cancer (2011)

The miR-150 expression status of patients with CRC is associated with survival and response to adjuvant chemotherapy. It is suggested that miR-150 should be considered as a potential biomarker associated with the prognosis and therapeutic outcome in CRC.
A theoretical study of the sensitivities of some normal incidence methods for measuring the optical constants and thicknesses of thin films (1967)

The sensitivities of some methods for measuring the optical constants and thicknesses of thin absorbing films by means of normally incident radiation have been investigated theoretically using an arbitrary standard. The ranges of values of n1, k1 and d/λ over which high sensitivity may be obtained have been determined from appropriate graphs for seven pairs of optical parameters. These ranges indicate that the three most suitable parameters for the simultaneous measurement of n1, k1 and d/λ are R, T and ϕT
Bilateral canine model of osteoarthritis. (1996)

Bilateral ACL transection induces symmetrical canine knee OA. This approach provides a potent model for investigating fundamental OA mechanisms and therapeutic approaches, since one knee can be experimentally manipulated while the other knee is used as a control. This allows each animal to be its own internal control, avoiding the interanimal variability associated with the unilateral canine OA model.
An improved TOPSIS vertical handoff algorithm for heterogeneous wireless networks (2010)

In this paper, we propose a SINR(Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and information Entropy weight method based TOPSIS (SAE-TOPSIS) vertical handoff algorithm which uses the combined effects of SINR with SINR value from one network being converted to equivalent SINR value to the target network for getting the same data rate, user required bandwidth, user traffic cost and available bandwidth of the participating access networks to construct the attribute matrix and make handoff decisions for multi-attribute QoS consideration according to the features of the traffic. For performance evaluation, four traffic classed defined by 3GPP are considered. The subjective weight relations of decision elements are determined by eigenvalue method of AHP. Next, the information entropy method is employed to derive the objective weights of the evaluation criteria and on the basis, the comprehensive weight is obtained. Finally we use TOPSIS algorithm to make decision according to the attribute matrix and weight vector. The results show that our proposed scheme can achieve excellent performance according to the characteristics of the traffic by considering the relations of multiple attributions synthetically.
Characterization of Pore Size Distribution by Infrared Scattering in Highly Dense ZnS (1993)

A model based upon Mie theory was developed to calculate the amount of spectral infrared scattering caused by the presence of a porous second phase. Various in‐line transmission curves were calculated and used to characterize the scattering effects of pore size and concentration. The in‐line transmission from 2.5 to 10 fjim of ZnS samples hot‐pressed at 137.8,172.3, and 206.7 MPa was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry and compared with calculated transmission curves. Good agreement with measured results was obtained only when a size distribution effect was included. From the analysis, a bimodal distribution of pores was found to give the best agreement which duplicates the measured transmission.
An alternative protocol for the medical management of canine pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (1988)

As an alternative to the o,p'-DDD treatment aimed at the selective destruction of the adrenal cortices, the authors have introduced a protocol aimed at the complete destruction of the adrenal cortices. It consists of a longer period of daily treatment with o,p'-DDD and lifelong substitution for primary hypoadrenocorticism. The results obtained in 41 dogs, with a minimum follow-up period of one year, indicate that this approach has advantages over lifelong maintenance therapy with o,p'-DDD.
CATALYTIC ACTIVATION OF HYDROGEN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY THE CHLOROPALLADATE(II) ION (1959)

The kinetics of the reduction of ferric chloride by molecular hydrogen in aqueous solution, in the presence of chloropalladate(II), were examined. The latter acts as a homogeneous catalyst for the reaction. The rate-law was found to be,[Formula: see text]where[Formula: see text]The mechanism of the reaction is discussed.
Characterization and modeling of electromigration failures in multilayered interconnects and barrier layer materials (1996)

Electromigration failure mechanisms of TiN/Al-alloy/TiN multilayered interconnect and TiN, TiW barrier layer materials have been studied. The stress induced in Al electromigration instead of severe joule-heating has been attributed to the damage healing or resistance oscillation observed in TiN/Al-alloy/TiN multilayered interconnects. The lifetime dependence on interconnect geometry (length and width) for multilayered structures has been investigated. The experimental results show that the failure observed in TiN and TiW barrier layer materials was not caused by electromigration, instead it was due to a thermally activated process. The activation energy of this thermal process for TiN was found to be 1.5 eV. A 10-year lifetime was projected to be attainable if the hottest spot in TiN film was kept below 408/spl deg/C. This suggests that TiN may safely conduct 2.4/spl times/10/sup 7/ A/cm/sup 2/ for the typical thermal impedance of a hot spot.
Application of Neural Network Technology in Radar Circuit Fault Diagnosis (2007)

The fault mode of radar circuit and the learning algorithm of BP neural network are introduced briefly.Because of the complexity of radar fault diagnosis,the technology of neural network is applied to deal with the diagnosis tasks.A typical radar fault example is diagnosed using BP neural network methods,and a satisfactory effect is got by simulation and application.
Cryogenics with cement microscopy redefines cement behavior (1994)

Cement microscopy (CM), cryogenics, environmental scanning microscopy (ESM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and other technologies are leading investigators to change their views on cement gelation, hydration, and retardation. Cement samples frozen in a nitrogen slush and viewed with an SEM present a more accurate picture of the setting process. Observations made through this technique have revolutionized ARCO Exploration and Production Technology's and Halliburton Energy Services' oil field cement procurement and slurry design. Findings from this joint study are expected to lead to: optimized waiting on cement (WOC) times; reduced planning and design time; optimized slurry retarder additions; optimized gel times to fit given situations; especially applicable to squeeze operations; improved cement selection (from vendors) for peak performance; and improved cement manufacture. The paper discusses the measuring methods and the findings on the following: cement voids, cement gelation, and retardation mechanisms. It also briefly discusses the impact these discoveries have on operations.
Shear Viscosities of Automatic Transmission Fluids (1994)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper compares various automatic transmission fluids using the Viscosity Loss Trapezoid and shows what relationship exists between the changes in molecular weight distributions and the shear experienced by the fluids.</div>
EFFECTS OF SPAN RAPESEED MEAL ON PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE, EGG QUALITY, COMPOSITION OF LIVER AND HEARTS AND INCIDENCE OF "FATTY LIVERS" IN LAYING HENS (1975)

Single-comb White Leghorn pullets were fed rations containing four levels (0, 5, 7.5 and 10%) of rapeseed meal in two trials that lasted for 336 days each. It was observed that the level of mortality and mortality attributed to "fatty liver syndrome" were similar when 0 or 5% rapeseed meal was included in the ration, but increased as the level of rapeseed meal in the ration was increased. Egg production was significantly reduced by inclusion of 10% rapeseed meal in the ration. Haugh unit values and specific gravity of eggs produced, feed conversion and body weight of the pullets were not affected by the dietary treatments used. No significant effects of treatment on size, dry matter, fat and protein contents of the hearts and livers were observed. Enlargement of the thyroids was observed in the groups fed rapeseed meal.
Differential Inhibitory Effect of alpha‐, beta‐, gamma‐, and delta‐Tocopherols on the Metal‐Induced Oxidation of Cholesterol in Unilamellar Phospholipid‐Cholesterol Liposomes (2002)

ABSTRACT: Cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) are present in biological tissues and in foods. The inhibitory effect of antioxidants, such as tocopherols, on COPs formation has been only partially investigated. The antioxidant effect of dl alpha‐, dl beta‐, dl gamma‐, and dl‐delta tocopherol on the metal‐induced oxidation of phosphatidylcholine (PC): cholesterol liposomes was assayed. Formation during liposome oxidation of six different COPs was monitored by gas chromatography. dl alpha‐, and dl gamma‐tocopherol show good inhibitory effect against PC‐fatty acid oxidation and also on COPs formation. dl delta‐Tocopherol is less effective than the alpha‐and gamma‐homologous, beta‐tocopherol being unable to prevent PC and cholesterol oxidation. dl alpha‐, and dl gamma‐Tocopherol are more effective to prevent the oxidation of the lateral chain of cholesterol molecule. At the highest tocopherol concentration assayed, dl alpha‐tocopherol shows prooxidant effect, enhancing liposomal oxidation and COPs formation. It is concluded that the tocopherols assayed can inhibit cholesterol oxidation but to a different degree.