gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution imaging of autofluorescent particles within drusen using structured illumination microscopy (2013)

SIM allows studying AF particles within drusen on a higher resolution level compared with conventional fluorescence, multiphoton or even confocal microscopy and therefore provides detailed insights in drusen. Shape and autofluorescence analysis of the material embedded in drusen suggest that these particles originate from the overlaying RPE cells.
Cybersecurity through Real-Time Distributed Control Systems (2010)

Critical infrastructure sites and facilities are becoming increasingly dependent on interconnected physical and cyber-based real-time distributed control systems (RTDCSs). A mounting cybersecurity threat results from the nature of these ubiquitous and sometimes unrestrained communications interconnections. Much work is under way in numerous organizations to characterize the cyber threat, determine means to minimize risk, and develop mitigation strategies to address potential consequences. While it seems natural that a simple application of cyber-protection methods derived from corporate business information technology (IT) domain would lead to an acceptable solution, the reality is that the characteristics of RTDCSs make many of those methods inadequate and unsatisfactory or even harmful. A solution lies in developing a defense-in-depth approach that ranges from protection at communications interconnect levels ultimately to the control system s functional characteristics that are designed to maintain control in the face of malicious intrusion. This paper summarizes the nature of RTDCSs from a cybersecurity perspec tive and discusses issues, vulnerabilities, candidate mitigation approaches, and metrics.
Characterization of calcium currents in aortic baroreceptor neurons (1992)

1. Calcium currents in identified rat aortic baroreceptors were characterized with the perforated patch whole-cell voltage-clamp technique. Aortic baroreceptors were distinguished from other neurons by the presence of a fluorescent tracer that was previously applied to the aortic depressor nerve. The diversity of calcium currents in unidentified neurons dissociated from neonatal rat nodose ganglia were also examined. 2. A population of aortic baroreceptors (63%, 7 of 11) possessed a low-threshold, also referred to as a T-type, calcium current. This current was typically less than 100 pA in 2 mM Ca [72.7 +/- 20.9 (SE) pA, n = 7], had a rapid activation and inactivation, and inactivated completely at conditioning voltages positive to -50 mV. 3. All aortic baroreceptors possessed high-threshold calcium currents that were activated at voltages positive to -30 mV, with typical maximum amplitudes of 600-1,000 pA (826 +/- 79 pA, n = 11). 4. The high-threshold current inactivated with three exponential rates of decay of tau = 10.7 +/- 2.2 ms, 138 +/- 14.6 ms, and a third tau greater than 3 s. It was not possible to separate the kinetic components of inactivation with conditioning voltages (voltage-dependent inactivation), activation thresholds, deactivation kinetics, or calcium-channel antagonists. 5. The voltage-dependent inactivation of high-threshold calcium currents began at voltages positive to -70 mV and became steeply voltage dependent between -60 and -10 mV. Unexpectedly, the three decay constants were present after all conditioning voltages. There were no conditioning voltages that excluded any component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Molecular Phenotypes of Acute Kidney Injury in Kidney Transplants (2012)

Little is known regarding the molecular phenotype of kidneys with AKI because biopsies are performed infrequently. However, all kidney transplants experience acute injury, making early kidney transplants an excellent model of acute injury, provided the absence of rejection, because donor kidneys should not have CKD, post-transplant biopsies occur relatively frequently, and follow-up is excellent typically. Here, we used histopathology and microarrays to compare indication biopsies from 26 transplants with acute injury with 11 pristine protocol biopsies of stable transplants. Kidneys with acute injury showed increased expression of 394 transcripts associated with the repair response to injury, including many epithelium-like injury molecules tissue, remodeling molecules, and inflammation molecules. Many other genes also predicted the phenotype, including the acute injury biomarkers HAVCR1 and IL18. Pathway analysis of the injury-repair transcripts revealed similarities to cancer, development, and cell movement. The injury-repair transcript score in kidneys with acute injury correlated with reduced graft function, future renal recovery, brain death, and need for dialysis, but not with future graft loss. In contrast, histologic features of acute tubular injury did not correlate with function or with the molecular changes. Thus, the transcripts associated with repair of injury suggest a massive coordinated response of the kidney parenchyma to acute injury, providing both an objective measure for assessing the severity of injury in kidney biopsies and validation for many biomarkers of AKI.
Plasticization of polylactide foams for tissue engineering (2012)

Supercritical CO 2 foaming of amorphous and semicrystalline polylactides plasticized by blending with 20 wt% polyethylene glycol has been investigated as a means of producing low-stiffness bioresorbable scaffolds for tissue engineering. For a given set of foaming parameters, the presence of polyethylene glycol generally resulted in a significant reduction in foam density and increased cell diameters, effects that could be accounted for by a large decrease in melt viscosity with respect to that of the pure polylactides. The compression moduli of plasticized foams under simulated physiological conditions (immersion in deionized water at 37°C) were also substantially lower than those of the neat foams. This was attributed primarily to a decrease in the glass transition temperature from about 60°C for the pure polylactides to about 30°C on addition of the polyethylene glycol, implying the blends to be in the rubbery state at the test temperature of 37°C. Under the conditions investigated, the processing window for homogeneous foams was found to be wider for blends based on semicrystalline polylactides than for blends based on amorphous polylactides. However, by tailoring the processing parameters, open cell architectures with porosities of more than 75% and cell diameters in the range 200 to 700 µm could be achieved in both types of blend. Such morphologies have already been shown to be suitable for bone repair and, when combined with a low-stiffness matrix, may offer exciting new possibilities for applications in soft tissue engineering, such as cartilage repair.
Exploratory Visual Analysis of Graphs in GGOBI (2004)

Graphs have long been of interest in telecommunications and social network analysis, and they are now receiving increasing attention from statisticians working in other areas, particularly in biostatistics. Most of the visualization software available for working with graphs has come from outside statistics and has not included the kind of interaction that statisticians have come to expect. At the same time, most of the exploratory visualization software available to statisticians has made no provision for the special structure of graphs. Graphics software for the exploratory visual analysis of graph data should include the following: graph layout methods; a variety of displays and methods for exploring variables on both nodes and edges, including methods that allow these covariate displays to be linked to the network view; methods for thinning or otherwise trimming a large graph. In addition, the power of the visualization software is greater if it can be smoothly linked to an extensible and interactive statistics environment. In this paper, we will describe how these goals have been addressed in GGobi through its data format, architecture, graphical user interface design, and its relationship to the R software [7].
Solvent polymeric membranes combined with chemical solid-state sensors (1988)

The operation of ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) in combination with solvent polymeric membranes is described and their chemical performance is discussed. It is shown that the stability of these devices can be improved by the introduction of an intermediate electrolyte solution with a fixed ion concentration between the gate insulator and the membrane. Using the same method, interferences from carbon dioxide and organic acids can be diminished. The encapsulation method with glass was found to provide a suitable method for hydrogel and membrane fixation, and to ensure a long lifetime for the sensor.
Band 3 Tuscaloosa: Pro327----Arg327 substitution in the cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte band 3 protein associated with spherocytic hemolytic anemia and partial deficiency of protein 4.2 (1992)

Protein 4.2 is a major red blood cell (RBC) protein that interacts with the band 3 protein and with ankyrin. Inherited deficiencies of this protein are associated with spherocytic hemolytic anemia, but the molecular basis of this defect is unknown. We have studied the underlying defect in a patient with spherocytic hemolytic anemia whose RBCs had a partial (29% +/- 5%) deficiency of protein 4.2. We have first studied the binding of normal ankyrin and protein 4.2 to patient inside-out vesicles (IOVs) stripped of peripheral proteins. While the binding of ankyrin was normal, the predicted maximal binding capacity of patient IOVs for band 4.2 was 20% to 33% lower than that of control IOVs, suggesting a defect in the cytoplasmic domain of band 3 (cdb3). An additional line of evidence pointing to a possible abnormality of band 3 was an abnormal proteolytic digest of cdb3. To elucidate the underlying molecular defect, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA coding for cdb3 from the patient. One band 3 allele was found to be normal, while clones corresponding to the other allele contained two mutations: substitution A----G in nucleotide 166, changing codon 56 from AAG to GAG (Lys----Glu), and substitution C----G in nucleotide 980, changing codon 327 from CCC to CGC (Pro----Arg). Since the Lys56----Glu56 substitution is found in a common asymptomatic variant of the band 3 protein designated band 3 Memphis, we conclude that either the Pro327----Arg327 substitution itself, or in combination with the band 3 Memphis polymorphism, underlies the abnormal binding of protein 4.2 to cdb3 and results in the spherocytic phenotype.
Autonomous and Autonomic Systems: Paradigm for Engineering Effective Software-Based Systems? (2009)

The Autonomous and Autonomic Systems initiative has as its vision the creation of self-directed and self-managing systems to address today's concerns of complexity and total cost of ownership while meeting tomorrow's needs for pervasive and ubiquitous software-based computation and communication. The future of computing and communications is being researched under many areas, including cloud, grid, utility, pervasive, ubiquitous, invisible, world, ambient, paint and so forth. The driving force behind these future paradigms of computer-based systems is the increasing convergence between proliferation of devices, wireless networking, and mobile software. Weiser first described what has become known as ubiquitous computing as the move away from the “dramatic” machine, where hardware and software's focus was on being so exciting that we as users would not want to be without it, towards making the machine “invisible”, so embedded in our lives it is used without thinking or recognising it as computing. Behind these different terms and research areas, lie three key properties: nomadic, embedded and invisible. In effect, leading to, the creation of a single system with (potentially) billions of networked information devices and resulting in a Complexity Quagmire? As such, the case can be made that all of the next generation paradigms, in one form or another, will require an autonomic-self-managing-infrastructure to be able to provide the successful reality of this envisaged level of pervasiveness, invisibility and mobility. This keynote talk reports on research and development, with examples from Biometric Identification and Tracking Systems, Autonomic Communications, and Space Exploration Systems, utilizing the biological metaphor of the autonomic nervous system to computing and communications, in which computer-based systems self-regulate by using automatic reactions to defend, optimize and heal.
Development of improved mobility control agents for surfactant/polymer flooding (1982)

The goal of the laboratory work in this project was to develop mobility control agents that are more effective than the polymers currently used in surfactant/polymer flooding applications. This report summarizes the progress made during each phase of the project. During the first year, the initial phase of the project included a literature survey of surfactant/polymer field projects, and a survey of oil industry personnel regarding difficulties encountered in the use of commercially available polymers. The purpose of Phase I of the project was to delineate clearly the strengths and weaknesses of the commercial polymers. The laboratory tests in the second phase then were designed to measure and compare the factors considered to be of greatest importance. During the second year of the project, the Phase 2 baseline screening tests were completed, and Phase 3 work commenced on the synthesis, characterization, and preliminary screening of new or modified polymers. During the final year of the project, the preliminary screening tests were completed and polymers of interest were evaluated in more detail. This final report contains highlights of the significant acomplishments of the project and presents our conclusions regarding the development of improved mobility control agents. Our work has shown thatmore » moderate changes in the basic structure of acrylamide polymers can produce significant effects on performance in oil recovery applications. Better viscosity retention in brine can be obtained by stiffening the polymer chain of acrylamide-type materials. Enhanced shear stability can be attained by increasing the polymer hydrophilicity. Future research should be directed along these lines.« less
Human Factor on Automotive Component Manufacturing in Malaysia (2009)

The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the perceptions of experts on the characteristics of beltline moulding quality success factor. This study was done through questionnaire and interview with 14 experts in the roll forming process. From this study we found; first, the experts placed attributes such as salary satisfaction, training and skill requirement and workplace environment. Second, the study look at correlations between the independent variables which is we found five positive or negative significant whereby quality improvement awareness have strong positive significant (p-value = 0.001) with quality of beltline moulding for local automotive. From the study understanding what the experts want in their essential and satisfactory may enhance the probability of getting the high quality in beltline moulding product.
Biomechanical analysis of (non-)isometric virtual walking of older adults (2017)

Our study investigates the effects of (non-)isometric mappings between physical movements and virtual motions in the virtual environment (VE) on walking biomechanics of older adults. Three primary domains (pace, base of support and phase) of spatio-temporal and temporo-phasic parameters were used to evaluate gait performance. Our results show similar results in pace and phasic domains when older adults walk in the VE in the isometric mapping condition compared to the corresponding parameters in the real world. We found significant differences in base of support for our user group between walking in the VE and real world. For non-isometric mappings we found an increased divergence of gait parameters in all domains correlating with the up-or down-scaled velocity of visual self-motion feedback.
Die voorkoms en aard van gehoorprobleme en middeloorpatologieë by 'n groep Swart stedelike kinders in Graad 1 (1988)

Die doel van die studie was om die aard en prevalensie van middeloordisfunksie by graad I stedelike Swart kinders te bepaal. 146 kinders uit 'n primere skool het 'n oor-, neus- en keelondersoek, suiwertoon- en immittansiemetings ondergaan. 92,8% van die ore was beide otologies en oudiologies normaal. Die prevalensie van middeloorpatologie was 7,2%. Die algemeenste middeloorpatologie was sereuse otitis media. Uit die 292 ore het 18 ore met sereuse otitis media, 2 met 'n retraksie van die timpaniese membraan en slegs 1 met 'n perforasie voorgekom.
Growth stage of crystalline Y2O3 film on Si(100) grown by an ionized cluster beam deposition (1999)

We investigated the initial and epitaxial growth stage of Y2O3/Si(100) grown by reactive ionized cluster beam deposition, using x-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscope, and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. We also investigated the crystalline structure of the films using transmission electron microscopy and XRD. The preferred growth direction of Y2O3 grown by an ion beam changed completely from the 〈111〉 to the 〈110〉 orientation in order to minimize the overall energy of the film as the substrate temperature increased. In addition to the kinetic energy of the deposited atoms, oxygen partial pressure and the substrate surface state also bear a relationship to the change in the preferred growth direction. The crystalline growth of Y2O3 film depends on the state of the surface at the initial growth stage, whether the Si surface was first exposed to oxygen or yttrium. In particular, the silicon oxide layer which formed on the Si surface during the initial growth stage played an important role in the epitaxial growth as well as the preferred growth direction of Y2O3 film.
Wielder of Many Swords (1989)

Outside a religious context, remorse seems scarce today, as a word and as a clinical phenomenon. However, it is a very present force. It is a subset of guilt, the self-reflexive piercing asect. Its etymologic ("mordere," to bite), mythologic, and symbolic roots enrich our clinical understanding of many behaviors, beginning with murder. In patients, manifestations range from the straightforward working of the remorse cycle-with its elements of (a) desire, (b) injury to the other, (c) suffering within the perpetrator, (d) restitution, and (e) reform-to a variety of transmutations in which one or more of the elements are abolished or distorted. The therapist is an active change agent in restoring the cycle. The creative- arts therapies provide useful therapeutic tools. A Poetry Therapy illustration is given.
Total Power Minimization in Glitch-Free CMOS Circuits Considering Process Variation (2008)

Compared to subthreshold leakage, dynamic power is normally much less sensitive to the process variation due to its approximately linear relation to the process parameters. However, the average dynamic power of a circuit optimized by deterministic glitch elimination (using hazard filtering and path balancing) increases because glitches randomly start reappearing under the influence of process variation. Combining existing techniques, we propose a new statistical mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation, which combines glitch elimination and dual-threshold design to statistically minimize the total power in a glitch-free circuit under process variation.
Biochemical traits of lichens differing in relative desiccation tolerance (2003)

• Oxidative stress arises when desiccation restricts photosynthesis and light energy is transferred from photo-excited pigments onto ground state oxygen. We tested whether a highly desiccation tolerant lichen, Pseudevernia furfuracea, displays better protection against oxidative stress than more sensitive species, Lobaria pulmonaria and Peltigera polydactyla. • We rehydrated lichens after desiccation periods of 2, 7 and 9 weeks and assessed their viability by measuring CO<sub>2</sub> exchange using IRGA. During desiccation and rehydration, photosynthetic pigments and the antioxidant α-tocopherol were analysed by HPLC, and peroxidases by spectrophotometry. • Pseudevernia furfuracea contained considerably lower chlorophyll, α-tocopherol and β-carotene concentrations and peroxidase activity than the two other lichens. However, it recovered photosynthesis rapidly, even after remaining in the desiccated state for 2 months while there was a significant delay in the onset of photosynthesis in L. pulmonaria and P. polydactyla. • We conclude that high antioxidant concentrations do not necessarily indicate better adaptation to desiccation. Rather, the ability to rapidly re-establish the species-specific normal antioxidant concentrations during rehydration, even after longer desiccation times, is a characteristic of well-adapted species.
Application-agnostic remote access for Bluetooth Low Energy (2018)

Today, the smart devices based on short-range wireless communication technologies such as Bluetooth or ZigBee are an important part of the Internet of Things (IoT). Such devices are not reachable outside of their Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). However, users' needs are sometimes incompatible with this limited reachability. Our goal is to break this barrier and provide location-independent connectivity. In this paper, we introduce a new abstraction layer, called RCM (Remote Connection Manager) enabling transparent communication between an application and a remote short-range device. We implemented our solution for Bluetooth Low Energy technology and demonstrated its feasibility through experiments performed on real devices.
Organosilane self-assembled monolayers directly linked to the diamond surfaces (2004)

An amino-terminated self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was prepared from p-aminophenyltrimethoxysilane (H2N(CH)6Si(OCH3)3,APhS) on diamond substrates irradiated by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light (wavelength: 172nm) through chemical vapor deposition. Furthermore, the APhS-SAM was irradiated by VUV light in air. After the VUV irradiation, only one layer of siloxane (SiOx) was left as a result of the selective decomposition of organic compounds. APhS-SAM was reprepared on the SiOx surface. The evidence as to the respective processes was clearly obtained by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurements. Based on the chemical bonding states analysis, APhS-SAMs were confirmed to be directly linked to the diamond substrates and SiOx layers with bonding types of Si–O–C and Si–O–Si, respectively. The compositions obtained by XPS measurement indicate that the thickness of the SiOx layer was increased gradually by repeating the APhS-SAM formations and VUV irradiations in this order. Finally, we are successful in controlling the nano-scale thickness of the SiOx layer, which is the interface between APhS-SAMs and diamond substrates.