gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of multiple layers of linens on surface interface pressure: results of a laboratory study. (2013)

Underpads and layers of linens are frequently placed under patients who are incontinent, have other moisture-related issues, and/or are immobile and cannot reposition independently. Many of these patients are also at risk for pressure ulcers and placed on pressure-redistribution surfaces. The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of linens and incontinence pads on interface pressure. Interface sacral pressures were measured (mm Hg) using a mannequinlike pelvic indenter that has pressure transducers integrated into the unit and is covered with a soft flesh-like elastomer. The indenter was loaded to simulate a median-weight male (80 kg/176 lb), and the testing was performed at head-of bed (HOB) angles of 0°, 30°, and 45°. Two different surfaces, a high performance low-air-loss support (LAL) surface and a standard foam support surface, were used and covered with a fitted sheet (FS) only or a combination of the FS and various incontinence pads and transfer sheets. Linen combinations typically used for relatively immobile patients (n = 4), moisture management (n = 4), and moisture management and immobility (n = 1) were tested, as was the heavy use of linens/pads (nine layers, n = 1). All combinations were tested 10 times at HOB angles of 0°, 30°, and 45°. The highest pressure observed was recorded (peak pressure). Ninety five percent (95%) confidence interval (CI) surrounding the mean of the 10 trials for each combination was calculated using the t-distribution; differences between means for all surface combinations were determined using one-way ANOVA with follow-up Fisher Hayter test. Results indicated that each incontinence pad, transfer sheet, or combination of linens significantly increased the mean peak sacral pressure when compared to a single FS on both the low-air-loss surface and the foam surface, regardless of the head-of-bed angle. The magnitude of peak sacral interface pressure increase for the LAL surface at 30° head-of-bed angle was 20% to 64% depending on the linen combination. At 30°, the foam surface showed increases 6% to 29% (P <0.0001) compared with a FS baseline. If linens were wet, peak interface sacral pressures were equivalent to or less than pressures measured on the same pads when measured dry. The presence of linens on both surface types adversely affected the pressure redistribution capabilities of the surfaces; added layers increased pressure proportionally. The effect on interface pressure from the linen layers was more pronounced on the LAL than the foam surface. The study results illustrate that significant increases in peak interface pressure occur in a laboratory setting when linen layers are added to pressure redistribution surfaces. Results also indicated wetting incontinence pads on a support surface did not significantly increase interface pressure. Although additional preclinical and clinical studies are needed to guide practice, excessive linen usage for patients on therapeutic support surfaces should be discouraged.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISTIC ASPECTS OF THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF DIOXYGEN BY COFACIAL METALLOPORPHYRINS (1983)

Abstract Der Mechanismus der O 2 ‐Reduktion an mit Metall‐Porphyrin‐Katalysatoren bedeckten Elektroden wird untersucht.
On the Design of Concatenated Coding Systems With Interleavers (1998)

In this article, we will study a class of concatenated coding communications systems that is built from convolutional codes and interleavers. These systems include as special cases both the classical turbo codes [1,2] and the serial concatenation of convolutional codes [4]. Our main results are a method for computing a conjectured interleaving gain exponent and for optimizing the effective free distance, d2. We include proofs of theorems about d2 that were stated without proof in [6]. I.
Synovial Fibroblasts Promote the Expression and Granule Accumulation of Tryptase via Interleukin-33 and Its Receptor ST-2 (IL1RL1) (2010)

A characteristic feature of tissue resident human mast cells (MCs) is their hTryptase-beta-rich cytoplasmic granules. Mouse MC protease-6 (mMCP-6) is the ortholog of hTryptase-beta, and we have shown that this tetramer-forming tryptase has beneficial roles in innate immunity but adverse roles in inflammatory disorders like experimental arthritis. Because the key tissue factors that control tryptase expression in MCs have not been identified, we investigated the mechanisms by which fibroblasts mediate the expression and granule accumulation of mMCP-6. Immature mouse bone marrow-derived MCs (mBMMCs) co-cultured with fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) or mouse 3T3 fibroblasts markedly increased their levels of mMCP-6. This effect was caused by an undefined soluble factor whose levels could be increased by exposing FLS to tumor necrosis factor-alpha or interleukin (IL)-1beta. Gene expression profiling of mBMMCs and FLS for receptor.ligand pairs of potential relevance raised the possibility that IL-33 was a sought after fibroblast-derived factor that promotes tryptase expression and granule maturation via its receptor IL1RL1/ST2. MCs lacking IL1RL1 exhibited defective fibroblast-driven tryptase accumulation, whereas recombinant IL-33 induced mMCP-6 mRNA and protein accumulation in wild-type mBMMCs. In agreement with these data, synovial MCs from IL1RL1-null mice exhibited a marked reduction in mMCP-6 expression. IL-33 is the first factor shown to modulate tryptase expression in MCs at the mRNA and protein levels. We therefore have identified a novel pathway by which mesenchymal cells exposed to inflammatory cytokines modulate the phenotype of local MCs to shape their immune responses.
Niederdruckaufkohlung von chromhaltigen Sinterstählen für Zahnräder (2012)

Kurzfassung In den letzten Jahren haben chromhaltige pulvermetallurgische Stähle auf der Basis vorlegierter Pulver wie Astaloy CrL (Eisen + 1,5% Chrom + 0,2% Molybdän) und Astaloy CrM (Eisen + 3% Chrom + 0,5% Molybdän) zunehmend Interesse gefunden. Die Gründe hierfür sind einerseits die niedrigeren Kosten für Chrom verglichen mit traditionellen Legierungselementen in der Pulvermetallurgie, wie Molybdän, Nickel und Kupfer, andererseits die mittlerweile in der Industrie verfügbaren deutlich verbesserten Sinteröfen, die eine sauerstofffreie Atmosphäre und hohe Temperaturen ermöglichen. Bei der Verwendung entsprechender Sinter- und Wärmebehandlungsbedingungen erzielen diese chromhaltigen Stähle hervorragende mechanische Eigenschaften bei relativ niedrigen Materialkosten. Allerdings ist für diese Materialien eine konventionelle Gasaukohlung mit anschließender Ölabschreckung nicht möglich, da die Kohlungsgase immer signiikante Mengen an sauerstohaltigen Verbindungen enthalten, welche in die ofenen Poren der Sinterteile eindringen können und Oxidation der Teile, nicht nur der Oberläche, sondern auch des Inneren, bewirken, was zu einer deutlichen Versprödung führen würde. Auch kann das Härteöl die Poren kontaminieren, was die Notwendigkeit für teure Waschoperationen der Teile bedingt und damit zu erhöhten Kosten führt. In der hier vorliegenden Arbeit wurde als Alternative für diese oxidationsempindlichen, chromhaltigen Materialien die Niederdruckaukohlung kombiniert mit einer Hochdruckgasabschreckung untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass diese Wärmebehandlung eine sehr gute Methode für die Randschichthärtung chromhaltiger Sinterstähle ist.
Multirobot cooperation for surveillance of multiple moving targets - a new behavioral approach (2006)

This paper presents a behavior-based solution to the problem of observing multiple mobile targets by multiple mobile robots. Robots sense targets using sensors and in addition exchange information about them with other robots. Workload is shared between different robots by requesting help when targets are escaping and supporting robots requesting such help. We provide a detailed description of the proposed solution, as well as significant simulation tests to outline its performance. The described approach outperforms formerly proposed solutions
Kinetics of the hydrolysis of titanium chloride in the presence of TiO/sub 2/ nuclei with anatase structure (1988)

The kinetics of the thermal hydrolysis of aqueous titanium tetrachloride solutions in the presence of TiO/sub 2/ nuclei with anatase structure were studied. It was established that the concentration of the solutions with respect to TiO/sub 2/ and HCl, the acidity factor, the amount of nuclei added, and the temperature have an influence on the yield of titanium dioxide. The activation energy, calculated from the tangent of the slope of the straight line, is equal to 76.87 kJ/mole. A value of the activation energy, equal to 180.0 kJ/mole, calculated for the thermal hydrolysis of an aqueous titanium tetrachloride solution in the presence of nuclei with rutile structure, leads to the assumption that the thermal hydrolysis proceeds more rapidly on anatase nuclei than on rutile nuclei.
Vigor in the Face of Fluctuating Rates of Reward: An Experimental Examination (2011)

Two fundamental questions underlie the expression of behavior, namely what to do and how vigorously to do it. The former is the topic of an overwhelming wealth of theoretical and empirical work particularly in the fields of reinforcement learning and decision-making, with various forms of affective prediction error playing key roles. Although vigor concerns motivation, and so is the subject of many empirical studies in diverse fields, it has suffered a dearth of computational models. Recently, Niv et al. [Niv, Y., Daw, N. D., Joel, D., & Dayan, P. Tonic dopamine: Opportunity costs and the control of response vigor. Psychopharmacology (Berlin), 191, 507-520, 2007] suggested that vigor should be controlled by the opportunity cost of time, which is itself determined by the average rate of reward. This coupling of reward rate and vigor can be shown to be optimal under the theory of average return reinforcement learning for a particular class of tasks but may also be a more general, perhaps hard-wired, characteristic of the architecture of control. We, therefore, tested the hypothesis that healthy human participants would adjust their RTs on the basis of the average rate of reward. We measured RTs in an odd-ball discrimination task for rewards whose magnitudes varied slowly but systematically. Linear regression on the subjects' individual RTs using the time varying average rate of reward as the regressor of interest, and including nuisance regressors such as the immediate reward in a round and in the preceding round, showed that a significant fraction of the variance in subjects' RTs could indeed be explained by the rate of experienced reward. This validates one of the key proposals associated with the model, illuminating an apparently mandatory form of coupling that may involve tonic levels of dopamine.
Fate of 14C-Atrazine in a Silt Loam Soil (1995)

Abstract Formation of 14C-atruzine degradation products and their distribution in the top 90 cm of a silt loam soil was determined during 16 months in the field. After 16 months. 68% of the applied 14C was still present in the soil. By 12 months after treatment (MAT). 14C leached to 70–80 cm. Atrazine accounted for 24% of the applied 14C remaining 16 MAT, and was the predominant 14C-compound below 10 cm through 16 MAT. Hydroxyatrazine (HA) was the major degradation product in the top 10 cm of soil comprising 13% of 14C present I MAT and increasing to 24% by 12 MAT. Predominant degradation products at depths greater than 10 cm were HA and deethylatrazine (DEA). Deisopropylatrazine (DIA) accounted for less than 6% of the radioactivity recovered at any soil depth. Deethyldeisopropylatrazine (DEDIA) was detected in soil extracts 2 MAT indicating further degradation of DIA and DEA. The proportion of DEA and DIA increased while the proportion of HA decreased at increasing soil depths indicating that DEA and DIA are more mobile in soil than HA. The large amount of 14C remaining in the soil 16 MAT, and the depth within the soil profile at which it is found, suggest that atrazine and its degradation products have the potential to persist and move deeper in the soil and possibly contaminate ground water supplies.
STERIC AND ELECTRONIC DESTABILIZATION OF THE P—Se BOND IN TRIARYLPHOSPHINE SELENIDE SYSTEMS (1990)

Abstract Electronic and steric effects in SeP(Ar), compounds are discussed with the assistance of 1J(77Se-31P) correlations with d(P—Se) values and the pKa of the arylphosphines.
Agile Thermal Management STT-RX. Towards High Energy Density, High Conductivity Thermal Energy Storage Composites (PREPRINT) (2011)

Abstract : Thermal energy storage (TES) materials absorb transient pulses of heat, allowing for rapid storage of low-quality thermal energy for later use, and effective temperature regulation as part of a thermal management system. This paper describes recent development of salt hydrate-based TES composites at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Salt hydrates are known to be susceptible to undercooling and chemical segregation, and their bulk thermal conductivities remain too low for rapid heat transfer. Here, we discuss recent progress towards solving these challenges in the composite system lithium nitrate trihydrate/graphitic foam. This system takes advantage of both the high volumetric thermal energy storage density of lithium nitrate trihydrate and the high thermal conductivity of graphitic foams. We demonstrate a new stable nucleation agent specific to lithium nitrate trihydrate which decreases undercooling by up to 70% relative to previously described nucleation agents. Furthermore, we demonstrate the compatibility of lithium nitrate trihydrate and graphitic foam with the addition of a commercial nonionic silicone polyether surfactant. Finally, we show that thermal conductivity across water-graphite interfaces is optimized by tuning the surfactant concentration. These advances demonstrate a promising route to synthesizing high energy density, high thermal conductivity TES composites.
La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 suspended microbridges for uncooled bolometers made using reactive ion etching of the silicon substrates (2012)

International audience
Simulation expérimentale de l'écoulement dans un talus de sol soumis à la marée (1994)

Les fluctuations de la marée, comme toutes les contraintes océaniques, sollicitent la stabilité des ouvrages portuaires et les talus intertidaux en général. Cet effet dépend, entre autres, des vitesses de l'écoulement et des pressions induites par la propagation de la marée dans le milieu de la masse de l'ouvrage.
Myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac ??-adrenoceptors and adenylate cyclase activity during sinoaortic denervation in dogs (1992)

Sénard, J M; Valet, P; Dréan, G; Arias, A; Tran, M A; Montastruc, J L Author Information
Immunosuppressive drugs in islet xenotransplantation: a tool for gaining further insights in the mechanisms of the rejection process (2002)

TAC exerted a pronounced immunosuppressive effect in the pig-to-rat islet xenotransplantation model. So far, no other single drug protocol has shown a comparable efficacy. Notably, the graft protective effect of TAC was markedly abrogated when PRE was added to the treatment protocol, suggesting that TAC exerts its effect by a unique mechanism of action. In contrast with the other studied immunosuppressive regimens, treatment with TAC alone inhibited intragraft mRNA expression of all the Th1 associated cytokines, indicating that Th1 response is one important rejection mechanism that needs to be inhibited to achieve islet xenograft survival.
Pathogenicity Factors of Genomic Islands in Intestinal and Extraintestinal Escherichia coli (2020)

<i>Escherichia coli</i> is a versatile bacterial species that includes both harmless commensal strains and pathogenic strains found in the gastrointestinal tract in humans and warm-blooded animals. The growing amount of DNA sequence information generated in the era of "genomics" has helped to increase our understanding of the factors and mechanisms involved in the diversification of this bacterial species. The pathogenic side of <i>E. coli</i> that is afforded through horizontal transfers of genes encoding virulence factors enables this bacterium to become a highly diverse and adapted pathogen that is responsible for intestinal or extraintestinal diseases in humans and animals. Many of the accessory genes acquired by horizontal transfers form syntenic blocks and are recognized as genomic islands (GIs). These genomic regions contribute to the rapid evolution, diversification and adaptation of <i>E. coli</i> variants because they are frequently subject to rearrangements, excision and transfer, as well as to further acquisition of additional DNA. Here, we review a subgroup of GIs from <i>E. coli</i> termed pathogenicity islands (PAIs), a concept defined in the late 1980s by Jörg Hacker and colleagues in Werner Goebel's group at the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany. As with other GIs, the PAIs comprise large genomic regions that differ from the rest of the genome by their G + C content, by their typical insertion within transfer RNA genes, and by their harboring of direct repeats (at their ends), integrase determinants, or other mobility loci. The hallmark of PAIs is their contribution to the emergence of virulent bacteria and to the development of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure and functional features of PAIs, on PAI-encoded <i>E. coli</i> pathogenicity factors and on the role of PAIs in host-pathogen interactions.
<title>Synthesis, characterization, and application of fluorescent lipobeads for imaging and sensing in single cells</title> (2000)

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of submicron phospholipid coated polystyrene particles, named lipobeads, with pH sensing capability. The phospholipids used to coat the particles are labeled with fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine, which serves as a referencing fluorophore for increased accuracy of the pH measurements. The synthesis of the pH sensing lipobeads is realized by the covalent attachment of the fluorescent phospholipids to the surface of styrene-divinylbenzene micron or submicron sized particles. The pH dynamic range of the sensing particles is between pH 5.5 and 7 with a sensitivity of 0.1 pH units and they are photostable under the experimental conditions used in these studies. The fluorescent lipobeads are used to monitor pH changes in volume limited samples and to measure the pH of single macrophages. The lipobeads are ingested by the macrophages and directed to lysosomes, which are the cellular organelles involved in the phagocytosis process. Despite the high lyososomal levels of digestive enzymes and acidity, the absorbed particles remain stable for 6 hours in the cells when the cells are stored in a PBS buffer solution at pH 7.4.
Inhibition of <i>Blattella germanica</i> Acetylcholinesterase by <i>Bis</i>(n)-Tacrines: Prospects for the Molecular Design of a Selective Insecticide for a Household Pest. (2009)

The German cockroach (Blattella germanica, L.) is a major household pest that has developed resistance to most insecticides on the market. There is a need to develop insecticides that are less likely to induce resistance, are potent against insect pests including resistant populations, and possess less toxicity to humans. In this study, 9-amino-1,2,3,4- tetrahydroacridine (tacrine) was chosen as the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor pharmacophore. We screened bivalent bis(n)-tacrines having methylene linkers from 2-12 carbons in length and determined their activity on BgAChE, to probe the geometry of the AChE active site gorge. The dimeric tacrine having an octylene linker [bis(8)- tacrine] was the most potent analog against BgAChE (IC50= 68 nM). Some binding interference was observed with a 2-methylene linker (″C2 bump″) and with a 12-methylene linker (″C12 bump″), associated with a 4-fold and 7-fold loss in potency, respectively. It is possible that such "bumps" might convey underlying structural preferences of AChE in general, or of a particular species of AChE; further screening is ongoing to test this hypothesis. Moreover, the most significant finding is that tether length dependent inhibition potency of bis(n)-tacrines relative to tacrine seems to differ across organisms, with the BgAChE being both less sensitive overall, and less dependent on compound length compared to rat AChE. Such differences provide opportunities for comparative molecular modeling, and may inspire the synthesis of compounds that are specific and selective to insects.
Frequency comb generation in quadratic nonlinear cavities (2017)

Nonlinear interactions in quadratic materials have for long been used\nto replicate and extend optical frequency combs (OFCs), originally\ngenerated in the visible and NIR, to other spectral regions where direct\ncomb generation cannot be accomplished. In the last years, however, the\noccurrence of multiple cascaded second-order processes in a continuously\npumped nonlinear cavity have proved to lead to the direct generation of\nentirely new OFCs, capable of multi-octave emission potentially across the\nwhole transparency range of the nonlinear material. We experimentally\nobserved the emergence of quadratic combs in a continuously-pumped\ncavity-enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) system, containing\na second-order nonlinear crystal, showing that the onset of an internally\npumped OPO immediately starts a series of multiple, cascaded quadratic\nprocesses, possibly leading to the formation of frequency combs. Similar\nOFCs have more recently been observed in a nearly degenerate OPO.\nWe therefore developed a unified description of temporal and spectral\ndynamics, introducing single mean-field equations to model quadratic\ncombs in both SHG and OPO cavities, revealing a new kind of walk-offinduced\ncavity modulation instability that triggers the formation of optical\nfrequency combs and corresponding dissipative temporal patterns in both\nsingly and doubly resonant cavity configurations.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Oxidation of NHC‐Catalyzed Aldehyde Esterifications with Alcohols: Benzoin, Not the Breslow Intermediate, Undergoes Oxidation. (2013)

Abstract The NHC‐catalyzed oxidation of benzaldehyde (I) in the presence of alcohols (II) affords esters (III), whilst the analogous reaction in the presence of water leads to benzoic acid (IV).
Influence de la temperature sur quatre especes de trichogrammes (Hym. Trichogrammatidae) parasites de la pyrale du mais, ostrinia nubilalis hubn. [Lep. Pyralidae. I-Developpement preimaginal (1982)

International audience
Enrichment and characterization of an anaerobic methyl ethyl ketoxime degrading culture from an anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (1998)

An anaerobic enrichment culture was developed from an anoxic/anaerobic/aerobic activated sludge sequencing batch reactor using methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO), a potent nitrification inhibitor, as the sole carbon and energy source in the absence of molecular oxygen and nitrate. The enrichment culture was gradually fed decreasing amounts of biogenic organic compounds and increasing concentrations of MEKO over 23 days until the cultures metabolized the oxime as the sole carbon source; the cultures were maintained for an additional 41 days on MEKO alone. Turbidity stabilized at approximately 100 mg/l total suspended solids. Growth on selective media plates confirmed that the microorganisms were utilizing the MEKO as the sole carbon and energy source. The time frame required for growth indicated that the kinetics for MEKO degradation are slow. A batch test indicated that dissolved organic carbon decreased at a rate comparable to MEKO consumption, while sulfate was not consumed. The nature of the electron acceptor in anaerobic MEKO metabolism is unclear, but it is hypothesized that the MEKO is hydrolyzed intracellularly to form methyl ethyl ketone and hydroxylamine which serve as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively.