gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Mould Filling of Thin Wall Horizontal Aluminium Castings (2000)

The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the foundry practice is considered an essential tool to achieve a better understanding of the occurrence of casting defects introduced during mould filling of a casting. CFD is believed to be advantageous in predicting possible defect locations, pouring times, and the lowest possible casting temperature without the risk of cold shuts. Furthermore CFD may be used to optimize pouring system geometries. Contrary to experimental studies in, e.g., cold water similarity models, computer simulations allow for the flexible modification of the casting geometry and the pouring system, and for the inclusion of physical effects such as solidification and heat transfer. Computer modelling may lead to an improved recovery in cast shops without expensive trial-and-error procedures CFD simulations with the commercial FLOW-3D software were done on the mould filling conditions and gating systems for the manufacture of a horizontal horseshoe. These simulations were validated against data obtained with various experimental techniques. In the paper the following cases are considered: ○ flow patterns, i.e., the transient velocity field during mould filling, metal-air interface shapes, i.e., the position of the free surface and its shape due to surface tension ○ freezing lengths, i.e., the prediction of cold shuts in horizontal thin-wall casings Predicted flow patterns and interface shapes are overall agreement with experimental observations obtained from video registration and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). Freezing lengths that are experimentally found to depend linear on the pouring temperature, can be predicted with an accuracy of about 15 %.
Isolation and Characterization of a Two-Subunit Cytochrome <i>b</i><i>−</i><i>c</i><sub>1</sub> Subcomplex from <i>Rhodobacter capsulatus</i> and Reconstitution of Its Ubihydroquinone Oxidation (Q<sub>o</sub>) Site with Purified Fe-S Protein Subunit (1998)

The presence of a two-subunit cytochrome (cyt) b-c1 subcomplex in chromatophore membranes of Rhodobacter capsulatus mutants lacking the Rieske iron-sulfur (Fe-S) protein has been described previously [Davidson, E., Ohnishi, T., Tokito, M., and Daldal, F. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3351-3358]. Here, this subcomplex was purified to homogeneity in large quantities, and its properties were characterized. As expected, it contained stoichiometric amounts of cyt b and cyt c1 subunits forming a stable entity devoid of the Fe-S protein subunit. The spectral and thermodynamic properties of its heme groups were largely similar to those of a wild-type bc1 complex, except that those of its cyt bL heme were modified as revealed by EPR spectroscopy. Dark potentiometric titrations indicated that the redox midpoint potential (Em7) values of cytochromes bH, bL, and c1 were very similar to those of a wild-type bc1 complex. The purified b-c1 subcomplex had a nonfunctional ubihydroquinone (UQH2) oxidation (Qo) site, but it contained an intact ubiquinone (UQ) reductase (Qi) site as judged by its ability to bind the Qi inhibitor antimycin A, and by the presence of antimycin A sensitive Qi semiquinone. Interestingly, its Qo site could be readily reconstituted by addition of purified Fe-S protein subunit. Reactivated complex exhibited myxothiazol, stigmatellin, and antimycin A sensitive cyt c reductase activity and an EPR gx signal comparable to that observed with a bc1 complex when the Qo site is partially occupied with UQ/UQH2. However, a mutant derivative of the Fe-S protein subunit lacking its first 43 amino acid residues was unable to reactivate the purified b-c1 subcomplex although it could bind to its Qo site in the presence of stigmatellin. These findings demonstrated for the first time that the amino-terminal membrane-anchoring domain of the Fe-S protein subunit is necessary for UQH2 oxidation even though its carboxyl-terminal domain is sufficient to provide wild-type-like interactions with stigmatellin at the Qo site of the bc1 complex.
A novel online stator ground-wall insulation monitoring scheme for inverter-fed AC motors (2013)

Insulation failures are one of the most common failure modes of ac motors, especially high-voltage motors. Online monitoring of insulation health of ac motors is important for preventing unexpected outages and minimizing the associated financial losses particularly in critical applications. Previously, an online ground-wall insulation monitoring technique has already been proposed for 6-lead ac motors. In this paper, a novel online ground-wall insulation monitoring scheme is proposed for inverter-fed ac motors. This approach is based on measurement of common-mode insulation leakage current for online C/DF (capacitance and dissipation factor) monitoring. The proposed technique can be applied to both 3-lead and 6-lead ac motors and can also be extended to monitor the insulation health of the cable connecting the inverter and the motor. The proposed technique is demonstrated in the lab environment, and correlated with standard offline C/DF measurements.
Controllable and Reversible Inversion of the Electronic Structure in Nickel <i>N</i>-Confused Porphyrin: A Case When MCD Matters (2011)

Nickel N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin, 1, and nickel 2-N-methyl-N-confused tetraphenylporphyrin, 1-Me, exhibit unusual sign-reversed (positive-to-negative intensities in ascending energy) MCD spectra in the Q-type band region, suggesting a rare ΔHOMO < ΔLUMO relationship between π and π* MOs in the porphyrin core. Simple and reversible deprotonation of the external NH proton in 1 dramatically changes the electronic structure of the porphyrin core into the ΔHOMO > ΔLUMO combination characteristic for the meso-(tetraaryl)porphyrins. DFT, time-dependent DFT, and semiempirical ZINDO/S calculations on 1, 1-Me, and 1(-) confirm the experimental finding and successfully explain the MCD pattern in the target compounds.
PERFORMANCE OF A FINAL HYDROGEN PEROXIDE STAGE IN DIFFERENT ECF BLEACHING SEQUENCES (2010)

SUMMARY The performance of a final hydrogen peroxide stage (P), applied instead of the conventional chlorine dioxide stage (D) in the ECF bleaching of E. globulus kraft pulps, has been studied. Two industrial DED and OQ(PO)D bleached pulps were further bleached in the laboratory either with a D or a P stage until 90 ± 0.5% ISO brightness. The papermaking potential of the four fully bleached pulps was assessed with respect to pulp beatability and strength/optical properties of the produced handsheets. The decomposition of peroxide in the final P stage of the DEDP and OQ(PO)DP sequences was estimated. While chlorine dioxide charge was nearly the same for both sequences, a much higher peroxide charge was needed in DEDP. The differences on bleachability with a final P stage were related to bleaching history impact on the nature and content of transition metals, residual chromophores as well as on additives performance. Decomposition reactions contribute significantly to peroxide consumption, especially at higher temperatures. Depending on the bleaching history, autoxidation reactions could contribute to the brightness gain at the final P stage. The papermaking properties revealed the advantages of final peroxide bleaching regarding pulp brightness stability, beatability, tensile strength, air resistance, bulk and opacity.
Solder Joint Analysis on Coated Aluminum for Silicon Solar Cell Interconnection (2018)

Foil metallized solar cells combine the high-efficiency passivated emitter and rear cell technology with a cost-efficient rear side metallization based on a thin aluminum foil. The cell interconnection with the soldering processes usually used in photovoltaics, is hampered by the native oxide film Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . This work evaluates solder joints on Al substrates, modified with either physical vapor deposition (PVD), roll cladding or zincate treatment. Our analysis reveals low contact resistivities of ~0. 02 m Ωcm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , temperature-stable for 1000 hours aged at 85°C in ambient air. Additional tests under damp heat conditions (85°C, 85 % relative humidity) with encapsulated samples yield as well no electrical degradation for the PVD coated samples within 1000 hours aging. The mechanical characterization by a 90° peel test shows initial adhesion of 6 N/mm (PVD), 4 N/mm (roll cladding) and 0.8 N/mm (zincate). Degradation of the roll cladded samples is observed and analyzed further by EDX spectroscopy.
Isolation of a cDNA Encoding a Homologue of Ribosomal Protein L36 in a Marine Green Alga, Enteromorpha compressa (2000)

The multicellular green alga Enteromorpha (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) includes some economically valuable species cultivated as Aonori (green laver) in Japan. The life cycle of the genus Enteromorpha consists of gametophytic and sporophytic foliaceous thalli, which are indistinguishable in appearance. Both male and female gametes of E. compressa can grow parthenogenetically and can be cloned into gametophytic thalli; thus, separate cultures of male and female gametophytes can be perpetuated from unfused gametes. It is possible to collect a quantity of these clonal gametophytic thalli for the experimental materials in only a few weeks; it completes its life cycle in laboratory culture within a few months and has a comparatively small number of chromosomes (n = 9) in the haploid phase. The haploid genome size of E. compressa (0.9 x 10 bp) is a little smaller than that of Arabidopsis thaliana (unpublished data). It is easy to induce gametogenesis in E. compressa artificially (Kuwano et al., to be published elsewhere), therefore, we can easily collect experimental materials at synchronized developmental stages. These characters of E. compressa indicate that it is advantageous to study for genetic analysis, including both classical and modern molecular investigations in marine sciences. According to phylogenetic analysis, sequence comparisons suggest that all living green plants belong to one of two major phyla: Streptophyta (land plants and their closest green algal relatives, the charophytes); and Chlorophyta (all other green algae). It should be noted that molecular biology studies of the development of Chlorophyta including Enteromorpha are quite limited, although its phylogenetic position, which is not linked directly with land plants, is very unique.
Radiation dosimetry for radioimmunotherapy. An overview of current capabilities and limitations (1994)

BACKGROUND. The two major uncertainties associated with absorbed dose calculations involve: (1) measurement errors from assessment of radioactivity in specific organs and tissues by direct counting; and (2) application of standard anthropomorphic and biokinetic models for dose assessment. Uncertainties in direct counting result from the inherent difficulty of measuring radioactivity inside the body. Although the system recommended by the Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee of the Society of Nuclear Medicine provides a general framework and conceptual basis for the dosimetry of administered radiopharmaceuticals, it does not provide complete methods for assessing some of the more important quantities of interest in radioimmunotherapy, such as dose to tumors and descriptions of spatial dose distributions within tissues. Current MIRD anthropomorphic models are only crude representations of the human body. Generalized biokinetic models used in the MIRD system may vary considerably from the actual biokinetics of radiolabeled compounds in the body. This review describes limitations of the present MIRD system for radioimmunotherapy; they include assumptions used in treatment planning and the lack of specific methods for tumor dosimetry, multi-cellular dosimetry, microdosimetry, small animal dosimetry, and uncertainty analysis. CONCLUSIONS. Treatment planning for radioimmunotherapy requires patient-specific organ models and customized biokinetic parameters. Improvements are also needed in marrow dosimetry to account for the amount and distribution of red marrow relative to that found in adjacent source regions, skeletal structures, and circulating blood. Simplified assumptions with regard to the locally absorbed fraction of beta-particle energy in tissues adjacent to source regions should not be used when depth-dose profiles are needed; for example, radiation absorbed doses to intestinal walls should be calculated over the entire mass of tissue or described by absorbed-dose distributions. Additional research is needed to develop improved measurement techniques and computational methods to assess more accurately internal dose distributions within tumors and normal tissues.
Interaction of atrial natriuretic peptide and ouabain in the myocardium (2012)

Natriuretic peptides and digitalis-like compounds serve as regulators of homeostasis, including control of volume expansion and blood pressure. The aim of the present study was to explore possible interactions between atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and ouabain in the heart. ANP (1 nmol/L) had no effect in papillary muscle preparations from guinea pigs. Ouabain (1 µmol/L) induced positive inotropic effect. The addition of ANP prior to ouabain resulted in a significant decrease in the ouabain-induced positive inotropic effect, manifested as an attenuated increase in twitch maximal upward force slope and resting muscular tension. In addition, ANP caused an increase in Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity in heart microsomal preparations. The effect of ouabain on Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity was shown in a biphasic manner. Ouabain (0.01-1 nmol/L) had a small but significant increase on pump activity, but higher doses of ouabain inhibited activity. ANP attenuated ouabain-induced Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity. Furthermore, ouabain (50 nmol/L) or ANP (10 nmol/L) alone induced Akt activation in cardiomyocytes. However, ANP blocked ouabain-induced Akt activation. These results point to the existence of interactions between ANP and ouabain on Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase signaling and function in the heart, which may be mediated by regulation of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase activity and (or) signal transduction mechanisms.
EPA REGISTRATION REQUIREMENTS FOR ORCHARD RODENTICIDES AND THE MANUFACTURER'S DEVELOPMENT CONSlDERATIONS (1977)

Data requirements for the registration of pesticides in the United States, and other countries, have been increasing steadily over the past 25 years. Requirements have increased fastest during the past 5 years.
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTOLOGICAL GRADE OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA IN THE OUTCOME OF LIVER TRANSPLANTATION. (2000)

Kato, Tomoaki1; Tamura, Sumihito1; Berho, Mariana2; O'Brien, Christopher B.3; Reddy, Rajender K.3; Khan, Farrukh A.1; Pinna, Antonio D.1; Nery, Jose R.1; III, George W. Burke1; Miller, Josua1; Schiff, Eugene R.3; Tzakis, Andreas G.1 Author Information
Crystal structure, electronic properties and cytotoxic activity of palladium chloride complexes with monosubstituted pyridines (2011)

Palladium(II) complexes attract great attention due to their remarkable catalytic and biological activity. In the present study X-ray characterization, UV-Vis and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) calculations for six PdCl(2)(XPy)(2) complexes (where: Py = pyridine; X = H, CH(3) or Cl) were applied in order to investigate substituent effects on their crystal structures and electronic properties and to combine the results with their catalytic and cytotoxic activity. The structures of complexes PdCl(2)(3-MePy)(2), PdCl(2)(4-MePy)(2) and PdCl(2)(2-ClPy)(2), have been described for the first time and we compared our results with available data for the whole series of six complexes. All compounds exhibit a square planar coordination geometry in which the palladium ion coordinates two nitrogen atoms of pyridine ligands and two chlorine atoms in trans positions. For complexes with ortho substituted XPy ligands a cis disposition of substituents takes place, whereas for other ligands: 3-MePy and 3-ClPy--the substituents are in trans positions. For XPy the energies of π-π* and n-π* transitions depend on the position and nature of the X substituent in the XPy ring. After complex formation a hipsochromic shift (24-34 nm) of π-π* and a bathochromic shift of n-π* bands are observed. The UV-Vis spectra of PdCl(2)(XPy)(2) confirm that square planar coordination geometry of complexes I-VI and two dπ-π* transitions are expected. With the help of the TD-DFT calculations we proved that dπ-π* transitions in solutions of PdCl(2)(XPy)(2) complexes result from MLCT (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) with contribution from chlorine atoms to palladium. We also studied substituent effects on cytotoxic properties of Pd(II) complexes against the human breast cancer cell line MCF7, the human prostate cancer cell line PC3, and the human T-cell lymphoblast-like cell line CCRF. The studied complexes were the most active against the CCRF cell line and less or even no cytotoxic effect was observed for PC3 cells. Complexes with MePy ligands showed increased cytotoxic activity compared to unsubstituted pyridine ligands.
A phase Ib dose-escalation study of the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and antitumor activity of the humanized monoclonal antibody (huMAb) anti-EGFL7 (MEGF0444A) in combination with bevacizumab with or without paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2011)

2514 Background: Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7), is a vascular-restricted, tumor selective, extracellular matrix protein that forms perivascular tracks and promotes endothelial cell adhesion and survival, especially under stress. Anti-EGFL7 (MEGF0444A) is a huMAb that inhibits these activities of EGFL7. In combination with an anti-VEGF antibody, anti-EGFL7 significantly enhances the anti-tumor activity of anti-VEGF in multiple murine tumor models. Methods: A standard 3+3 dose escalation design was used to study safety, PK, PD and anti-tumor activity in 40 patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. In Arm A, MEGF0444A was given IV at doses of 2, 5 or 10 mg/kg followed by bevacizumab IV at 10 mg/kg on Days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Pts in Arm B also received paclitaxel (90 mg/m2) on Days 1, 8 and 15 of each 28 day cycle. PD biomarkers including circulating progenitor cells (CPC) and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) were assessed. Results: The combination of MEGF0444A and bevacizumab, with or without paclitaxel, was well tolerated without exacerbation of bevacizumab-related adverse events. MEGF0444A demonstrated linear PK typical of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies. Responses were observed in multiple tumor types in both arms of the on-going Phase Ib. Maximal changes in CPC and DCE-MRI measurements occurred at the 5 mg/kg dose level, consistent with anti-angiogenic effects. Conclusions: MEGF0444A has demonstrated favorable PK properties and is well tolerated in combination with bevacizumab and bevacizumab/paclitaxel. Activity of the combinations has been observed based upon clinical responses, changes in CPCs and DCE-MRI. Study data supports a Phase II dose of 5 mg/kg q2 wks (flat dose equivalent, 400mg q2 or 600mg q3 wks). Further studies of MEGF0444A in combination with chemotherapy and bevacizumab are planned.
Cloning of a developmentally regulated element from alkalophilic Bacillus subtilis DNA (1985)

An alkalophilic Bacillus DNA bank cloned in an expression probe plasmid, pGR71, was screened for the presence of developmentally regulated genetic elements. A 508-base pair HindIII fragment isolated from this bank in plasmid pGR71-5 expressed plasmid-encoded chloramphenicol resistance only during the sporulation phase of a Bacillus subtilis host grown on Schaeffer medium. This developmentally regulated expression was altered in spo0E and spo0H mutants which had very low levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity relative to the wild type or other spo0 mutants. We determined the nucleotide sequence of the entire 508-base pair fragment and located the site of regulated transcription initiation by high-resolution S1 nuclease mapping of the in vivo transcript. The deduced promoter sequences upstream from this start site were 5'C-G-A-A-T-C-A-T-G-A3' at -10 and 5' A-G-G-A-A-T-C3' at -35. This transcript was not detected in spo0E or spo0H mutants, indicating that the products of these genes control developmentally regulated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression at the level of transcription.
Effect of random experimental error on the generalized standard addition method (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of random experimental error on the generalized standard addition methodMark G. Moran and Bruce R. KowalskiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 3, 562–569Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00267a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00267a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On memory protection in real-time OS for small embedded systems (2002)

Memory protection is an important OS feature for the reliability and safety of real-time control systems. In this paper, we study the feasibility of memory protection in small embedded systems in which memory size ranges from several tens of KBytes to several hundreds of KBytes. We evaluate various protection methods in terms of memory consumption, processing overhead, multiple-thread support, region enlargement, and hardware support. We present a new protection method called intermediate-level skip multi-size paging which skips unused intermediate-level page tables of multi-level paging and supports several page sizes. Our evaluation results show that this method along with paged segmentation and short-circuit segment tree are more cost-effective than other known memory protection methods. Also, the feasibility of intermediate-level skip multi-size paging can be improved if a MMU supporting several page sizes is available for microprocessors.
Editorial Comments (1984)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Sep 1984Editorial Comments Calvin M. Kunin Calvin M. KuninCalvin M. Kunin More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)49709-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 132(3), p. 498 © 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 132 Issue 3 September 1984 Page: 498 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Calvin M. Kunin More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...