gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First principles investigation of zinc-anode dissolution in zinc–air batteries (2013)

With surging interest in high energy density batteries, much attention has recently been devoted to metal-air batteries. The zinc-air battery has been known for more than a hundred years and is commercially available as a primary battery, but recharging has remained elusive, in part because the fundamental mechanisms still remain to be fully understood. Here, we present a density functional theory investigation of the zinc dissolution (oxidation) on the anode side in the zinc-air battery. Two models are envisaged, the most stable (0001) surface and a kink surface. The kink model proves to be more accurate as it brings about some important features of bulk dissolution and yields results in good agreement with experiments. From the adsorption energies of hydroxyl species and experimental values, we construct a free energy diagram and confirm that there is a small overpotential associated with the reaction. The applied methodology provides new insight into computational modelling and design of secondary metal-air batteries.
Identification of novel tumor-associated immune modulators using a high-throughput RNAi screen (2014)

Immune surveillance by T cells is an important component of body’s defense against infection and disease, whereas the peripheral immune tolerance is important for defense against self-reactive T cells. The fine balance between the two is skewed in cancer, whereby the tumors exploit the immune tolerance mechanisms to escape recognition and elimination by the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). One of the major routes of immune resistance of tumor cells is mediated by cell surface bound ligands that engage immune-inhibitory receptors on T cells. Targeting these immune-checkpoint ligands that inhibit immune rejection, e.g. via blocking antibodies, can restore immune surveillance and increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. However, only a few such targets have been identified so far.\n\nThe aim of this thesis was to establish a high-throughput screening assay that enables a rapid and comprehensive identification of cell surface genes with immune modulatory function in selected tumors. To this end, a tumor cell-T cell co-culture assay was established which combines siRNA-based gene knockdown with a luciferase-based assessment of T cell-mediated tumor cell killing. Applied to three independent parallel screens, this study uncovered a repertoire of novel and robust immune modulatory ligands on breast cancer cells that are also abundantly expressed by other cancer types. Amongst them, CCR9 was functionally validated as a strong inhibitor of T cell function and suppressor of T cell reactivity against breast cancer, malignant melanoma and pancreatic cancer. Knockdown of CCR9 resulted in increased tumor susceptibility towards immune lysis by antigen-experienced T cells along with the increased production of effector cytokines and cytolytic enzymes. CCR9-induced gene expression changes in the encountering T cells were consistent with an enhanced effector T cell phenotype. Mechanistically, CCR9 regulated T cell effector function through differential activation of the STAT signaling pathways, thereby representing a unique example of an alternative, TCR-independent route for effective immune suppression induced by a cell surface molecule.\n\nAdditionally, the in vivo relevance of targeting CCR9 for adoptive cancer immunotherapy was explored in this study.\nTaken together, this study describes a rapid, high-throughput, siRNA-based screening approach that allows a comprehensive identification of immune-modulatory genes which, as an entity, represents the ‘immune modulatome’ of cancer. Screening additional tumor types for their immune modulatory signatures would help in uncovering additional targets for therapeutic inhibition.
Single-Bunch Tune and Beam Size Measurements Along Bunch Trains in PEP-II (2005)

By scanning gated cameras and gated tune monitors across the bunch pattern during normal colliding-bunch operation of PEP-II, the tunes and beam sizes of individual bunches were measured simultaneously in the high and low energy storage rings of PEP-II. The measurements were made with 1561 colliding bunches in PEP-II, arranged in trains of 66 bunches, with each bunch in the train separated by 4.2 ns. The tune and beam size measurements were correlated with the current, luminosity, and specific luminosity of the bunch. The results show a vertical tune shift at the start and end of the mini-trains, a luminosity droop along the mini-train, and specific luminosity drop in the first and last bunches of the train, since they experience a different parasitic crossing on either side of the interaction point (IP).
Abrogation of the fibrotic effect of transforming growth factor‐β in dermal wound healing (1997)

The growth factor, transforming growth factor-beta1, which under normal circumstances promotes wound healing by stimulating local fibroblasts to produce collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, has also been implicated as the primary causative agent of fibrosis. Because transforming growth factor-beta1 is capable of stimulating its own production by fibroblasts, its normally beneficial effects may become amplified to the point where excess extracellular matrix accumulation occurs, thereby causing abnormal scarring. Therefore, strategies that block or counter the effects of transforming growth factor-beta1 may be useful in preventing or decreasing fibrosis. One such strategy is the use of glucocorticoid steroids such as dexamethasone, which normally have the opposite effect of transforming growth factor-beta1, namely the impairment of wound healing. When used in conjunction with transforming growth factor-beta1, glucocorticoid steroids may normalize the effect of transforming growth factor-beta1 on collagen synthesis, thereby reducing excessive collagen deposition and fibrosis.
Pressor response to endothelin in guinea pigs. (1989)

Endothelin (ET), an endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide, was injected into the jugular vein (i.v.) of guinea pigs anesthetized with urethane. Blood pressure was measured from a cannula inserted into the carotid artery. All experiments were carried out after treatment with adrenergic and cholinergic antagonists. ET showed a potent, dose-dependent pressor action in guinea pigs. However, the initial, transient depressor response which is observed in rats was not produced in guinea pigs. Nicardipine (0.1 mg/kg), a dihydropyridine Ca2+-channel blocker, significantly inhibited the ET-induced pressor response. These results suggest that ET causes a potent pressor response, which appears to be related to the activation of Ca2+ channels.
Multilayer x-ray mirrors for the objective crystal spectrometer on the Spectrum Roentgen Gamma satellite (1995)

We carried out experiments to determine the optimum parameters for the production of multilayer x-ray mirrors for the lambda equals 4.4 - 7.1 nm range using electron beam evaporation and ion-polishing. We report on the deposition of Co/C and Ni/C coatings, of which we polished the metal layers with Kr<SUP>+</SUP>- and Ar<SUP>+</SUP>- ions of 300, 500, and 1000 eV. We examined the effect of different polishing parameters on the smoothening of the Co- and Ni-layers. The in-situ reflectivity of lambda equals 3.16 nm during deposition and the ex-situ grazing incidence reflectivity of Cu-K<SUB>(alpha</SUB> ) radiation (lambda equals 0.154 nm) were used to analyze the coatings. We found optimum performance of the mirrors when applying polishing for 40 s with 500 eV Kr<SUP>+</SUP>-ions at an angle of 20 degrees and an ion beam current of 20 mA. Using these parameters, we produced Co/C multilayer coatings on forty flat super-polished 6 multiplied by 6 cm<SUP>2</SUP> Si (111) crystals for the Objective Crystal Spectrometer on the Russian Spectrum Rontgen Gamma satellite. The coatings on the flight crystals have a period Lambda of 3.95 plus or minus 0.02 nm and a reflectivity of more than 8% averaged over s- and p-polarization over the entire wavelength range of interest. We present a detailed analysis of the coatings on the crystals.
New artificial superlattices: correlation between structural disorder and transport properties (1999)

The development of thin film deposition techniques allowed the growth of new artificial materials leading to the discovery of new high T/sub c/ superconducting compounds as infinite layer based superlattices [(BaCuO/sub 2/)/sub m//(CaCuO/sub 2/)/sub n/]. The order of the superlattice structure seems to be one of the crucial parameters to be improved so as to induce a superconductivity onset in these materials and to make them suitable for technological applications. In this paper we present a study on the correlation between structural disorder and transport properties of several artificial superlattices grown by pulsed laser ablation technique. Our goal was to simulate the layered structure of copper oxide superconductors, so as to create new artificial superconducting materials and study the charge transfer mechanism. We chose infinite layer phases (SrCuO/sub 2/, CaCuO/sub 2/, BaCuO/sub 3/) for the blocks containing CuO/sub 2/ planes and doped infinite layer phases (CaCu/sub 1-x/Sc/sub x/O/sub y/, SrCu/sub 1-x/Sc/sub x/O/sub y/, CaCu/sub 1-x/Ag/sub x/O/sub y/ and SrCu/sub 1-x/Ag/sub x/O/sub y/, with x ranging from 0.1 to 0.2) for the charge reservoir blocks. By means of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and X-ray structural characterization as well as resistivity and Hall effect measurements, we perform a comparative analysis of structural and transport properties of these samples and we tried to explain them in terms of Anderson's theory of disorder.
High gain circularly polarised 1-D EBG resonator antenna (2006)

A circularly polarised one-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap resonator antenna is demonstrated. Circular polarisation is generated by a sequentially rotated array of linearly polarised stripline slot antennas located in the ground plane of the device. The resonator antenna has the advantages of high gain, simple design and construction, very low sidelobes, good radiation pattern symmetry, and fairly constant boresight axial ratio across the operating bandwidth. Measured and computed results confirm the performance of the antenna.
Synthesis of Antimalarial 1,2,4-Trioxanes via Photooxygenation of a Chiral Allylic Alcohol (2002)

[reaction: see text] Photooxygenation of the chiral allylic alcohol 4-methyl-3-penten-2-ol (3) in nonpolar solvents and subsequent Lewis acid-catalyzed peroxyacetalization afforded a series of monocyclic and spirobicyclic 1,2,4-trioxanes (5, 6). Two products show significant anti-Malaria activity against Plasmodium falciparum when compared with chloroquine.
Concept Development and Use of an Automated Food Intake and Eating Behavior Assessment Method (2021)

The vast majority of dietary and eating behavior assessment methods are based on self-reports. They are burdensome and also prone to measurement errors. Recent technological innovations allow for the development of more accurate and precise dietary and eating behavior assessment tools that require less effort for both the user and the researcher. Therefore, a new sensor-based device to assess food intake and eating behavior was developed. The device is a regular dining tray equipped with a video camera and three separate built-in weighing stations. The weighing stations measure the weight of the bowl, plate, and drinking cup continuously over the course of a meal. The video camera positioned to the face records eating behavior characteristics (chews, bites), which are analyzed using artificial intelligence (AI)-based automatic facial expression software. The tray weight and the video data are transported at real-time to a personal computer (PC) using a wireless receiver. The outcomes of interest, such as the amount eaten, eating rate and bite size, can be calculated by subtracting the data of these measures at the timepoints of interest. The information obtained by the current version of the tray can be used for research purposes, an upgraded version of the device would also facilitate the provision of more personalized advice on dietary intake and eating behavior. Contrary to the conventional dietary assessment methods, this dietary assessment device measures food intake directly within a meal and is not dependent on memory or the portion size estimation. Ultimately, this device is therefore suited for daily main meal food intake and eating behavior measures. In the future, this technology based dietary assessment method can be linked to health applications or smart watches to obtain a complete overview of exercise, energy intake, and eating behavior.
Thallium formate heavy liquid counter "Helicon" as a total absorption calorimeter (1981)

Abstract The results of tests using a thallium formate Tl(HCO2) heavy liquid counter “HELICON” as a total absorption calorimeter are reported. The results indicate that the thallium formate HELICON can be used with characteristics equivalent or even superior to those of an SF-5 lead glass Cherenkov counter. In particular it possesses a high resistance to radiation damage.
Computerized tomography versus magnetic resonance imaging: a comparative study in hypothalamic‐pituitary and parasellar pathology (1992)

In patients referred for evaluation of Cushing's syndrome or hyperprolactinaemia (due to microadenomas) or after surgery, magnetic resonance is clearly preferable to computerized tomography. In macroadenomas both scans are equally diagnostic but magnetic resonance offers more information on pituitary morphology and neighbouring structures. Nevertheless, there are cases in which the results of computerized tomography and magnetic resonance will complement each other, since different parameters are analysed with each examination and discordant results are encountered.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON STEROIDS. XLV. SYNTHESIS OF THE FOUR STEREOISOMERS OF 20,22‐DIHYDROXYCHOLESTEROL (1978)

Abstract Studies on Steroids.
Synthesen von DL-Cysteinen ausgehend von Acrylsäure-Derivaten (Aminosäuren ; 12) (1988)

Die Addition von Sulfenylchloriden 1 an 2-Alkensäureester 2 führt zu Isomerengemischen aus 2(3)-Chlor-3(2)-thioalkansäureestern 3/4, dagegen ergibt die Addition von Thiolen 7 and 2-Chlorpropensäure-methylester (6) isomerenreine 2-Chlor-3-thiopropansäure-methylester 3. Die Isomerisierung von 3 zu 4 in Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen wird untersucht; sie erfolgt besonders leicht bei höheren Temperaturen. Aus 3 werden mit Natriumazid in Gegenwart von PT-Katalysatoren und Temperaturen unterhalb 55°C die isomerenreinen 2-Azido-Verbindungen 8 erhalten, die mit H2S/Pyridin/Wasser oder durch Hydrierung mit Re2S7 als Katalysator die entsprechenden S-substituierten Cystein-Derivate 9 bzw. 10 mit Ausbeuten bis zu 70% über alle Reaktionsstufen ergeben. DL-Cystein ist als Hydrochlorid-Hydrat 16 durch säurekatalysierte Hydrolyse der 2-Thiazoline 15a · HCl und 15e, die durch HCl-katalysierte Addition von Thioacetamid (11b) an α-Chloracrylsäure (12) bzw. deren Amid 13 und anschließende basische Cyclisierung erhalten werden, auf einfache Weise mit guten Gesamtausbeuten zugänglich.
Laminin-like proteins are differentially regulated during cerebellar development and stimulate granule cell neurite outgrowth in vitro (1998)

The basement membrane glycoprotein laminin-1 is a potent stimulator of neurite outgrowth. Although a variety of laminin isoforms have been described in recent years, the role of alternative laminin isoforms in neural development remains largely uncharacterized. We found that a polyclonal antibody raised against the alpha1, beta1, and gamma1 chains of laminin-1 and a monoclonal antibody raised against the alpha2 chain of laminin-2 detect immunoreactive material in neuronal cell bodies in the developing mouse cerebellum. In addition, laminin-1-like immunoreactivity was found in cell types throughout the cerebellum, but laminin-alpha2-like immunoreactivity was restricted to the Purkinje cells. Purified laminin-1 and laminin-2 stimulated neurite outgrowth in primary cultures of mouse cerebellar granule neurons to a similar extent, whereas the synthetic peptides tested appeared to be active only for cell adhesion and not for stimulation of neurite outgrowth. The E8 proteolytic fragment of laminin-1 contained full neurite outgrowth activity. The identity of laminins expressed in granule neurons was also examined by Western blotting; laminin-like complexes were associated with the cell and appeared to have novel compositions. These results suggest that laminin-like complexes play important roles in cerebellar development.
Calcium Ionophore-Treated Myeloid Cells Acquire Many Dendritic Cell Characteristics Independent of Prior Differentiation State, Transformation Status, or Sensitivity to Biologic Agents (1999)

We previously reported that treatment of human peripheral blood monocytes or dendritic cells (DC) with calcium ionophore (CI) led to the rapid (18 hour) acquisition of many characteristics of mature DC, including CD83 expression. We therefore investigated whether less-mature myeloid cells were similarly susceptible to rapid CI activation. Although the promyelocytic leukemia line HL-60 was refractory to cytokine differentiation, CI treatment induced near-uniform overnight expression of CD83, CD80 (B7.1), and CD86 (B7.2), as well as additional characteristics of mature DC. Several cytokines that alone had restricted impact on HL-60 could enhance CI-induced differentiation and resultant T-cell sensitizing capacity. In parallel studies, CD34pos cells cultured from normal donor bone marrow developed marked DC-like morphology after overnight treatment with either rhCD40L or CI, but only CI simultaneously induced upregulation of CD83, CD80, and CD86. This contrasted to peripheral blood monocytes, in which such upregulation could be induced with either CI or rhCD40L treatment. We conclude that normal and transformed myeloid cells at many stages of ontogeny possess the capacity to rapidly acquire many properties of mature DC in response to CI treatment. This apparent ability to respond to calcium mobilization, even when putative signal-transducing agents are inoperative, suggests strategies for implementing host antileukemic immune responses.
Efficacy of short-course oral prednisolone in polymorphic light eruption: a randomized controlled trial (2000)

The acute eruption of PLE is likely to respond rapidly to short courses of prednisolone therapy given from the earliest onset of the condition, and the treatment is safe.
Highlights in Steroid Chemistry: Total Synthesis versus Semisynthesis (2008)

Many routes to the destination: Cortistatins are steroids of marine origin of which cortistatin A has the highest antiangiogenetic action. Several total syntheses of this natural product have recently been achieved, based on biosynthesis, biomimetic synthesis, semisynthesis, and de novo synthesis, which are compared in this Highlight.
Effect of high pretilt angle for anchoring strength in nematic liquid crystal on rubbed polyimide surface containing trifluoromethyl moieties (1995)

The effects of high pretilt angle are investigated on the polar anchoring energy of the nematic liquid crystal (NLC), 5CB, on rubbed polyimide (PI) films containing trifluoromethyl moieties. The pretilt angle of 5CB rapidly increases up to about 45° with the rubbing strength (RS). Also, the polar anchoring energy of 5CB initially increases with the RS for weak rubbing and then decreases. From these results, we determined the relationship between the pretilt angle and the anchoring energy on rubbed PI films. We suggest that the polar anchoring energy of 5CB with a high pretilt angle is very small because of the combination of the microsurface excluded volume effect and the van der Waals interaction between the LC molecules and the substrate surface on weakly rubbed PI films containing trifluoromethyl moeities.
Composite measurement from asynchronous LOS and unknown sensor position (2016)

Target tracking with multiple asynchronous passive sensors is addressed. In this paper, a method is derived for forming composite measurements when the LOS measurements from multiple sensors are asynchronous and the position of one of the passive sensors is unknown. Using the composite measurements, the target position, velocity and unknown sensor location are estimated. In addition, analytical general observability conditions are derived.
Thermal and Structural Properties of the Organic Semiconductor Alq <sub>3</sub> and Characterization of Its Excited Electronic Triplet State (2005)

This review describes the thermal, structural and photophysical properties of different polycrystalline phases of the organic semiconductor Alq3.In particular the new blue luminescent -phase is shown to contain the facial isomer.The results obtained by using differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, transient and delayed photoluminescence measurements clearly demonstrate the existence of this isomer.From the results presented it is now possible to obtain the pure facial isomer of Alq3 in large quantities, providing the basis for further investigations to determine its effects on the performance of organic light-emitting diodes.Furthermore, recent results on the properties of the triplet states in Alq3 are presented.This includes the population of the electronic excited triplet state due to intersystem crossing and the spectrum of the phosphorescence.
Quinine-Resistant Malaria in Traveler Returning from Senegal, 2007 (2010)

We describe clinical and parasitologic features of in vivo and in vitro Plasmodium falciparum resistance to quinine in a nonimmune traveler who returned to France from Senegal in 2007 with severe imported malaria. Clinical quinine failure was associated with a 50% inhibitory concentration of 829 nmol/L. Increased vigilance is required during treatment follow-up.
Structure and function of the pelagic ecosystem in Young Sound, NE Greenland (2007)

An annual carbon budget of the pelagic food web is constructed for a 36 m deep station in Young Sound. Data were collected during a 2-week mid-summer sea-ice covered period in 1999, during the open-water period of 1996, 2003, 2004, 2005 and during winters of 1997 and 2003. The measurements revealed that during sea-ice cover the water column of outer Young Sound was strongly heterotrophic and sustained by organic material advected into the fjord from the open sea. The pelagic community thus originated from the marginal ice zone at the entrance to the fjord. No succession was observed in the plankton community during this period, and the grazing pressure of the dominating zooplankton groups (ciliates, heterotrophic dinoflagellates, meroplankton and copepods) was 10 times higher than primary production, while the bacterial carbon demand was three times higher than primary production. During the open-water period, the grazing community was completely dominated by copepods, which were capable of grazing down the entire primary production. This contrasts with several other investigated Arctic marine pelagic ecosystems further south, where the protozooplankton community is quantitatively more important than copepods. In Young Sound, both zooplankton groups are present simultaneously, and copepods thus act both as competitors for food and as predators in relation to the protozooplankton. On an annual basis, the carbon budget was unbalanced; the total carbon need of the grazers equaled primary production, leaving no room for the estimated bacterial carbon demand, which was of the same size as the carbon demand of the grazers. Thus, Young Sound is a net heterotrophic system relying on import of organic material from the open sea or possibly from land.