gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase (2000)

Orotidine-5'-monophosphate decarboxylase (ODCase) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum has been crystallized with and without the inhibitor 6-azaUMP by the vapour-diffusion method. In the absence of the inhibitor, the protein crystallizes in space group P4(1)2(1)2 (unit-cell parameters a = b = 56.9, c = 124.5 A) with one molecule per asymmetric unit; the crystals diffract to 1.8 A resolution. In the presence of the inhibitor, the protein crystals are monoclinic, space group P2(1) (unit-cell parameters a = 73.0, b = 98.6, c = 73.3 A, gamma = 104.0 degrees ), with four molecules in the asymmetric unit; the crystals diffract to 1.5 A resolution.
Electrochemical Studies of Tetrabutylammonium Electrolytes at Carbon Cathodes in Sulfuryl Chloride Cells (1985)

Tetrabutylammonium tetrachloroaluminate has been explored for use as a soluble conducting electrolyte in sulfuryl chloride cells. Cathode capacity and voltage characteristics in this electrolyte are compared to those obtained when using electrolyte. Cathode life in is more than 50 times greater than that found in due to formation of soluble reaction products. Lowered carbon rest potentials in electrolytes are due to the presence of free chloride ions.
La variabilidad de la amonita Dufrenoya texana Burckhardt (1956)

La Dufrenoya texana Burckhardt es una amonita más bien común en el Aptiano Superior de la cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Muestra considerables variaciones; especímenes con una ornamentación extrema pueden llegar a ser clasificados como pertenecientes a especies diferentes. Para un estudio más completo de la variabilidad de esta especie, seleccionamos los 36 ejemplares mejor conservados de una sola población, es decir, del horizonte basal del Aptiano Superior de la Mesa de Los Santos (Depto. Santander). Los principales caracteres de estos especímenes están indicados en la tabla 1 y en forma de diagramas. Las diferencias observadas son independientes del tamaño de la concha; ya que el mismo grado de variabilidad puede manifestarse en todos los estados ontogénicos. Dentro de la poblaci6n investigada podemos distinguir tres grupos principales de formas diferentes, los cuales, sin embargo, están conectados por todos los grados de transición. Dufrenoya texana Burckha.H.DT con ombligo angosto y numerosas costillas, las cuales están fuertemente pronunciadas en la región ventral, y con una línea de sutura relativamente complicada. Dufrenoya texana sanctorum n. var. Con ombligo ancho, con pocas· costillas bien suaves en la región ventral, y con una línea de sutura relativamente simple. Dufrenoya texana media n. var. Muestra una combinación de características o sea una forma intermedia entre los dos grupos mencionados anteriormente. En el estado juvenil la línea de sutura de Dufrenoya texana texana y de Dufrenoya texana sanctorum es igualmente simple y no puede ser distinguida la una de la otra. Con el avance del desarrollo ontogénico, la sutura de la var. Texana se vuelve considerablemente más complicada, mientras que Dufrenoya texana sanctorum cambia difícilmente la forma simple de su juventud. Por esta razón consideramos la variedad sanctorum como un estado más primitivo y la variedad texana como uno más avanzado. Esto se confirma con la distribución estratigráfica: hasta ahora conocemos Dufrenoya texana sanctorum sólo del horizonte basal del Aptiano Superior, mientras que las variedades media y texana se consiguen también en horizontes más altos, volviéndose la variedad texana progresivamente más prominente. En el Aptiano más superior, la especie Dufrenoya texana está representada exclusivamente por la variedad Dufrenoya texana texana.
TIME‐VARYING PREDICTION FILTERING BY MEANS OF UPDATING* (1979)

A bstract In contrast to the conventional deconvolution technique (Wiener‐Levinson), the spike‐, predictive‐, and gap‐deconvolution is realized with the help of an adaptive updating technique of the prediction operator. As the prediction operator will be updated from sample to sample, this procedure can be used for time variant deconvolution. Updating formulae discussed are the adaptive updating formula and the sequential algorithm for the sequential estimation technique. This updating technique is illustrated using both synthetic and real seismic data.
Facile aryl-aryl exchange between the palladium center and phosphine ligands in palladium(II) complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile aryl-aryl exchange between the palladium center and phosphine ligands in palladium(II) complexesKwang Cheng Kong and Chien Hong ChengCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 16, 6313–6315Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00016a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00016a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1773Altmetric-Citations254LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A virtual and distributed control layer with proximity awareness for group conferencing in P2PSIP (2010)

There is an increasing demand to access voice or video group conferences without the burden of a dedicated infrastructure, but at any place and in an ad hoc fashion. Corresponding solutions require a lightweight, fully distributed cooperation among parties that share and manage the conference in an efficient, self-adaptive way. The technology framework of P2PSIP can be seen as a promising starting point to meet these objectives. In this paper, we make several contributions towards such a distributed, virtualized control layer based on P2PSIP that seamlessly scales and adapts to the user needs. We propose a P2P-signaling protocol scheme for a distributed conference control with SIP, that splits the semantic of Identifier and Locator of a SIP conference URI in a standard-compliant manner. This protocol scheme serves as further basis for a virtualization in RELOAD. We further design and evaluate a self-organizing communication layer that provides load sharing and churn resilience with proximity-awareness. Finally, we address key aspects of security and trust, as well as compatibility for conference unaware clients.
Copper catalyzed coupling of aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides with amines and amides (2009)

A copper(I) catalyzed procedure for carbon-nitrogen bond formation utilizing aryl halides and either amines, including amino acids and diphenylamine, or aliphatic and aromatic amides is described.
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure (2007)

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome initiated by abnormal function of the heart. Until recently our understanding of this condition has centered on various pathological insults to the heart that lead to abnormal function, usually in the form of contractile dysfunction. One of the earliest terms used to describe heart failure syndrome was “hydrops,” which has its origins in the observation that salt and water retention was a common feature of the condition. Despite this obvious systemic manifestation, heart failure was still considered primarily a disease of the heart. In recent years advances have been made in our understanding of the pathophysiology of heart failure; key to these has been the realization that heart failure is a multisystem disorder in which abnormalities of the heart, vasculature, skeletal muscle, and kidneys all combine with various neurohormonal derangements to produce the heart failure syndrome. Of particular importance has been the emerging concept that many of the compensatory mechanisms designed to overcome the initial insult to the heart are the very same processes that paradoxically set in motion a variety of detrimental consequences for cardiac function, gradually worsening the heart failure syndrome further. Our increasing understanding of these concepts has resulted in a rapid advancement in drug development and many new therapeutic targets continue to emerge. In this chapter we summarize the pathophysiology of heart failure, beginning with the specific insults that initiate heart failure and continuing with a discussion of the body’s responses to such insults, and how compensatory mechanisms ultimately cause further deterioration in cardiac function.
Amphibole‐olivine‐spinel, cordierite‐anthophyllite and related hornfelses associated with metamorphosed serpentinites in the goobarragandra district, near Tumut, New South Wales (1976)

Abstract A large variety of hornfelses is developed in and around the Coolac Serpentinite, in the aureole of the Bogong Granite. Essentially isochemical metamorphism of partly serpentinized harzburgites has produced metaserpentinites containing variable amounts of talc, tremolite, olivine, orthopryoxene, and other phases: Chromian spinel, partly changed to magnetite and/or ferrichromite, remains as a relict primary phase very near the granite contact. Alumino‐ferromagnesian hornfelses containing amphiboles, spinel, and magnetite, with or without olivine, chlorite, orthopyroxene, and sulphides, as well as cordierite‐antho‐phyllite hornfelses, various calc‐silicate hornfelses and mafic hornfelses, are intimately associated with the metaserpentinites. The chemical compositions of the amphibole‐olivine‐spinel hornfelses can be matched with those of chlorite‐rich and chlorite‐tremolite‐rich rocks outside the thermal aureole produced by reaction‐zone metasomatism of tectonic inclusions within the Coolac Serpentinite and of rocks adjacent to it. The relatively high contents of Cr and Ni and the presence of relict chromian spinel in most of the amphibole‐olivine‐spinel hornfelses strongly suggest that they were serpentinites; but their very high bulk Al2O3 contents indicate that they are not simply isochemically metamorphosed ultramafic rocks. Other Cr‐Ni‐poor amphibole‐spinel‐bearing hornfelses, as well as the cordierite‐anthophyllite and calc‐silicate hornfelses, are thought to be high‐grade equivalents of mafic materials altered in reaction zones. Temperatures near the Bogong Granite were in the range 55O°‐700°C assuming pressures (Ph2o = Ptotal) of 1–2 kb. Chemical data for aluminoferromagnesian metamorphic rocks from other localities suggest their derivation by essentially isochemical metamorphism of mafic to ultramafic rocks which had previously undergone either low‐grade reaction‐zone metasomatism in a serpentinite environment or low‐grade regional‐burial metasomatism.
3DNA: a software package for the analysis, rebuilding and visualization of three-dimensional nucleic acid structures (2003)

We present a comprehensive software package, 3DNA, for the analysis, reconstruction and visualization of three-dimensional nucleic acid structures. Starting from a coordinate file in Protein Data Bank (PDB) format, 3DNA can handle antiparallel and parallel double helices, single-stranded structures, triplexes, quadruplexes and other complex tertiary folding motifs found in both DNA and RNA structures. The analysis routines identify and categorize all base interactions and classify the double helical character of appropriate base pair steps. The program makes use of a recently recommended reference frame for the description of nucleic acid base pair geometry and a rigorous matrix-based scheme to calculate local conformational parameters and rebuild the structure from these parameters. The rebuilding routines produce rectangular block representations of nucleic acids as well as full atomic models with the sugar-phosphate backbone and publication quality 'standardized' base stacking diagrams. Utilities are provided to locate the base pairs and helical regions in a structure and to reorient structures for effective visualization. Regular helical models based on X-ray diffraction measurements of various repeating sequences can also be generated within the program.
A new crystal form of nateglinide. (2001)

The S-form nateglinide is a new crystal form.
The molecular mechanism for the spectral shifts between vertebrate ultraviolet- and violet-sensitive cone visual pigments (2002)

The short-wave-sensitive (SWS) visual pigments of vertebrate cone photoreceptors are divided into two classes on the basis of molecular identity, SWS1 and SWS2. Only the SWS1 class are present in mammals. The SWS1 pigments can be further subdivided into violet-sensitive (VS), with lambda(max) (the peak of maximal absorbance) values generally between 400 and 430 nm, and ultraviolet-sensitive (UVS), with a lambda(max)<380 nm. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that the ancestral pigment was UVS and that VS pigments have evolved separately from UVS pigments in the different vertebrate lineages. In this study, we have examined the mechanism of evolution of VS pigments in the mammalian lineage leading to present day ungulates (cow and pig). Amino acid sequence comparisons of the UVS pigments of teleost fish, amphibia, reptiles and rodents show that site 86 is invariably occupied by Phe but is replaced in bovine and porcine VS pigments by Tyr. Using site-directed mutagenesis of goldfish UVS opsin, we have shown that a Phe-86-->Tyr substitution is sufficient by itself to shift the lambda(max) of the goldfish pigment from a wild-type value of 360 nm to around 420 nm, and the reverse substitution of Tyr-86-Phe into bovine VS opsin produces a similar shift in the opposite direction. The substitution of this single amino acid is sufficient to account therefore for the evolution of bovine and porcine VS pigments. The replacement of Phe with polar Tyr at site 86 is consistent with the stabilization of Schiff-base protonation in VS pigments and the absence of protonation in UVS pigments.
Polyoxometalate‐Modified Sponge‐Like Graphene Oxide Monolith with High Proton‐Conducting Performance (2015)

Graphene oxide (GO) contains abundant oxygen‐containing functional groups acting as hydrogen bond acceptors for proton conduction on its basal plane. However, the dilemma in realizing bulk in‐plane conduction and the metastability at room temperature of GO films both obstruct its application. Polyoxometalate‐modified sponge‐like GO monolith (PEGO) with 3D cross‐linking inner structure, which exhibits unique “shrink‐expand” effect to polar solvent, are synthesized. Owing to the introduction of polyoxometalates and the replacement of unstable epoxy groups by ethylenediamine, PEGO exhibits hitherto the highest proton conductivity under low relative humidity (1.02 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at 60% relative humidity) and excellent long‐term stability (more than 1 month). The outstanding conductivity originates from 3D transporting pathways, high‐density hopping sites, and eliminated grain boundary resistance. This study provides a practical way to design GO‐based proton‐conducting material dominated by in‐plane diffusion.
Synthese von Guanidinverbindungen des Diphenylathers. I. (1957)

Durch Kondensation des Cyanamids auf Amino-diphenylather wurden acht Guanidinodiphenylather, und durch Kondensation des S-Methylisothioharnstoffs auf Aminomethyldiphenylather wurden drei Guanidinomethyldiphenylather dargestellt. Uber die Synthese dieser Verbindungen und deren tuberkulostatische Wirkung in vitro wurde berichtet.
Cyano-tryptophans as dual infrared and fluorescence spectroscopic labels to assess structural dynamics in proteins (2018)

The steady state and time-resolved fluorescence and infrared (IR) properties of 4- and 5-cyanotryptophan (CNTrp) are investigated and compared, and the tryptophan (Trp) analogs are found to be very attractive to study structural and dynamic properties of proteins. The position of the nitrile substitution as well as the solvent environment influences the spectroscopic properties (solvatochromism). Similar to native Trp, electronic (nanosecond) lifetime and emission spectra are modulated by the environment, making CNTrps attractive fluorescent probes to study the structural dynamics of proteins in complex media. The nitrile absorption in the IR region can provide local structural information as it responds sensitively to changes in electrostatics and hydrogen bond (HB) interactions. Importantly, we find that 4CNTrp exhibits a single absorption in the nitrile stretch region, while the model compound 4CN-indole (4CNI) shows two. Even though the spectrum of the model compound is perturbed by a Fermi resonance, we find that 4CNTrp itself is a useful IR label. Moreover, if the nitrile group is substituted at the 5 position, the Trp analog predominantly reports on its HB status. Because the current literature on similar compounds is too limited for a detailed solvatochromic analysis, we extend the available data significantly. Only now are microscopic details such as the mentioned sensitivity to electrostatics coming to light. The vibrational lifetime of the CN moiety (acting on a picosecond time scale in contrast to the nanosecond time scale for fluorescent emission) allows for its application in 2D-IR spectroscopy in the low picosecond range. Taken together, the benefits of CNTrps are that they absorb and emit separately from the naturally occurring Trp and that in these dual fluorescence/vibrational labels, observables of IR and fluorescence spectroscopy are modulated differently by their surroundings. Because IR absorption and fluorescence operate on different time and length scales, they thus provide complementary structural information.
Dual-Wavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser to Generate Terahertz Radiation Using Photonic Crystal Fiber (2015)

We demonstrate a widely tunable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser that used a 10-cm photonic crystal fiber as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to filter out the switchable dual-wavelength signals so as to generate tunable continuous-wave (CW) terahertz (THz) radiation. Each single longitudinal mode wavelength could be independently tuned by using a tunable band-pass filter and polarization controller (PC). The wavelength fine-tuning was achieved via adjustments to the PC, and the resulting dual-wavelength output had a side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of more than 30 dB. The wavelength spacing of 7, 11.4, and 21.2 nm, corresponding to 0.9, 1.4, and 2.66 THz radiation, respectively, was tuned in order to obtain CW THz radiation. This CW THz radiation was produced by means of a stable dual-wavelength fiber laser performing as the optical beat source, together with a DAST crystal-based photomixer. High-sensitivity thermal sensors calibrated for THz radiation were able to continuously detect the emitted CW THz radiation.
Improving planning for railroad yard, forestry and distribution (1997)

This thesis consists of three operations management/planning applications and one algorithmic experimentation. A mixed integer railroad yard planning problem is formulated. A hierarchical decomposition and a TABU search approach are adopted to get a good feasible solution in realistic time. The experimentation on six practical data sets proves the scheme is effective. In forest planning, a trigger mechanism and a layer system are introduced to incorporate habitat connection consideration for wildlife protection into forest planning. The flow cover inequalities are applied to a production-distribution planning system to speed up the solution process. Computational results are very encouraging. A Lagrangean Probing scheme is developed to test if it, combined with Lagrangean Relaxation, can help solve certain very difficult generalized assignment problems efficiently. Preliminary results show the method to be promising.
Dropping Bruise Fragility and Bruise Boundary of Apple Fruit (2007)

For viscoelastic products such as fruit, the major mechanical damage is usually not direct splitting but rather local bruising caused by dropping impacts during harvesting, handling, packaging, and transportation. It is necessary to develop engineering approaches to control the fruit's local bruise volume and bruise ratio, which is the ratio of bruise volume to whole volume of the fruit. As an extension of conventional product fragility and damage boundary, the concept of dropping bruise fragility and bruise boundary was proposed and defined in this study. In view of the limitations of conventional testing methods (ASTM D3332 Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Shock Fragility of Products), the method and procedure for determining dropping bruise fragility and bruise boundary of fruit were also established by adapting free-fall dropping tests. Free-fall dropping tests with a series of drop heights were conducted on fresh 'Gala' apples. The dropping impact acceleration, velocity, and deformation change during contact at varies drop heights were obtained. The relationship between bruising deformation and theoretical deformation of the samples was determined. The dropping bruise fragilities and bruise boundaries of 'Gala' apples at different bruise ratios were determined by a combination of tests and theoretical analysis. The results showed that there were obvious differences between dropping bruise boundary of apples and conventional damage boundary of products. Even if the dropping impact velocity approached zero, the fruit could be bruised as long as the impact acceleration exceeded a certain value. Moreover, a series of dropping bruise fragilities and dropping bruise boundaries can be established for different levels of bruise ratios.
Microencapsulating Properties of Sodium Caseinate (2001)

Emulsions were prepared with 5% (w/v) solutions of sodium caseinate (Na Cas) and soy oil at oil/protein ratios of 0.25-3.0 by homogenization at 10--50 MPa. Emulsions were spray-dried to yield powders with 20--75% oil (w/w). Emulsion oil droplet size and interfacial protein load were determined. Microencapsulation efficiency (ME), redispersion properties, and structure of the powders were analyzed. The size of emulsion oil droplets decreased with increasing homogenization pressure but was not influenced by oil/protein ratio. Emulsion protein load values were highest at low oil/protein ratios. ME of the dried emulsions was not affected by homogenization pressure but decreased from 89.2 to 18.8% when the oil/protein ratio was increased from 0.25 to 3.0, respectively. Mean particle sizes of reconstituted dried emulsions were greater than those of the original emulsions, particularly at high oil/protein ratios (>1.0), suggesting destabilization of high-oil emulsions during the spray-drying process.