gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microstrip gas chamber based gas proportional scintillation counter (2002)

In this work we present the concept of a xenon gas proportional scintillation counter (GPSC) based on a microstrip gas chamber (MSGC) working at atmospheric pressure. For this purpose we use a MSGC having a CsI photocathode directly deposited onto it as the photosensor to detect the VUV scintillation light produced in a GPSC, instead of the usual photomultiplier. The MSGC electrodes also act as the GPSC 2nd scintillation grid. Using this approach a greater simplicity and compactness can be achieved. The performance of a GPSC based on this concept is presented and discussed. The energy resolution obtained is about 17% for 5.9 keV X-rays. The variation of the pulse amplitude with the reduced electric field intensity shows the expected linear behaviour characteristic of the xenon secondary scintillation intensity.
EPR and ENDOR of radiation-induced CO33- radicals in human tooth enamel heated at 400°C (1998)

Upon irradiation human tooth enamel exhibits the well-known “asymmetric EPR singlet near g = 2”. In recent years it has been convincingly demonstrated that the main radical contributing to this spectrum is CO2− although EPR studies in the seventies very often erroneously claimed CO33− to be the dominant radical. In the meantime several types of CO33− radicals [carbonate replacing phosphate (B-site) or hydroxy groups (A-site)] have been identified in synthetic apatites prepared at high temperatures or in apatites precipitated from solution and dried at high temperature (typically 400 °C). In the present study human tooth enamel was heated at 400 °C and subsequently irradiated with X-rays at 77 K. It is shown that warming up to about 150 K yields a simple isolated CO33− spectrum with contributions from exactly the same two radicals identified in synthetic apatites. Under certain conditions strong spectra from phosphate derived radicals are present. The CO2− signal which is dominant after room temperature irradiation of unheated enamel is very weak, however gaining importance after storing the low temperature irradiated sample at room temperature. Also ENDOR results supporting the CO33− identification are presented.
Deletion of MLCK210 induces subtle changes in vascular reactivity but does not affect cardiac function (2005)

Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays a key role in the regulation of actomyosin contraction in a large variety of cells. Two isoforms have been described: a short isoform, widely expressed in smooth muscle cells; and a long isoform (MLCK210), mainly localized in the endothelium. This study investigated the consequences on different cardiovascular parameters of MLCK210 gene deletion using MLCK210 knockout mice and of pharmacological inhibition of the kinase using a specific MLCK inhibitor. Deletion of MLCK210 did not affect systolic blood pressure and heart rate or echocardiographic measurements. Electrocardiographic analysis showed neither atrio- nor intraventricular conduction or repolarization defects. Ex vivo responses of aortic rings to vasoconstrictor and vasodilator agonists were not modified in MLCK210 null mice. However, deletion of MLCK210 attenuated shear stress-induced dilation and produced changes in the balance of endothelial-relaxing factors of small mesenteric arteries (SMA). In particular, a reduced flow-mediated NO-dependent dilation was observed. However, it was partially compensated by enhanced indomethacin-sensitive dilation. No significant changes were detected in the endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing component of the vasodilator response. The above effects of MLCK210 gene deletion were confirmed in SMA from wild-type mice by the use of the MLCK enzymatic inhibitor MMZ-10-057. In summary, deletion of MLCK210 was not associated with abnormalities of main in vivo cardiovascular parameters in mice. This study demonstrates a role for MLCK210 in the regulation of flow-dependent dilation in SMA.
<title>Double passage imaging of partially coherent objects through turbulence: experimental results</title> (1993)

It has been shown in previous work that double passage imaging combined with spatial filtering leads to an improvement in the quality of the time-averaged image obtained from coherently reflecting objects (mirrors) which are placed in turbulence. In this paper, the results of experimental investigation of the imaging of partially coherent objects are presented. We have demonstrated that double passage imaging leads to an improvement in image quality only for objects whose correlation scale is larger than the coherence radius of the illuminating radiation.
Monolayer Assemblies of Dyes to Study the Role of Thermal Collisions in Energy Transfer (1979)

Abstract The energy transfer from an oxacyanine to a thiacyanine dye was investigated in monolayer assemblies. No temperature‐dependence of the efficiency was observed between 300 K and 20 K in arrangements where the donor molecules were isolated. However, in arrangements where the donor was organized into a large aggregate and the acceptor was highly diluted in the adjacent monolayer, the efficiency of the energy transfer was proportional to the absolute temperature; the spectral distributions of the fluorescence of the donor and the absorption of the acceptor were equally well matched at low and high temperatures. A simple model is discussed based on the idea that the energetic match needed for energy and electron transfer occurs occasionally due to thermal fluctuations and that this match will not be achieved below a certain temperature. A mechanism based on exciton hopping in the aggregate followed by energy transfer from a molecule in the vicinity of the acceptor to the acceptor does not explain the observed temperature‐dependence. However, the present experimental data can be rationalized by assuming that the excitation extends over a certain domain (consisting of about 10 donor dye molecules at room temperature and about 150 molecules at 20 K) which moves over the aggregate, occasionally reaching the vicinity of an acceptor molecule.
Impaired Proliferation and DNA Synthesis of a Human Tumor Cell Line (HELA) Caused by Short Treatment with the Antianemic Drug Jectofer (Ferric-Sorbitol-Citrate) and the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal (1998)

Anti-anaemic drug, ferric-sorbitol-citrate complex (FSC), inhibit tumour cell growth through the mechanisms which are complex and not entirely understood. The probable mechanisms of described effects of iron is iron-induced oxidative stress of the treated cells. Hence, the effects of FSC on HeLa cell growth in vitro were compared with the biological activity of one of the major mediators of the oxygen free radicals--aldehyde 4-hydroxinonenal (HNE), to see if the effects of FSC and of HNE resemble each other. Impaired proliferative ability and DNA synthesis of HeLa cells was observed after treatment with anti-anaemic drug FSC for 24 hours. After treatment with FSC and culturing of HeLa cells in fresh medium for 24 or 96 hours the cells did not proliferate at all, DNA synthesis was transiently recovered and then diminished again. HNE blocked cell proliferation during the time the aldehyde was present in culture and 24 h later. Afterwards, the cells proliferated as control non-treated cells. HNE did not inhibit DNA synthesis during treatment, but intensity of 3H-thymidine incorporation was lower after preincubation. Thus, both FSC and HNE interfere with the basic mechanisms of the cell growth regulation, while antitumour activity of FSC resembles, but does not necessarily include iron induced lipid peroxidation.
Online Actions with Offline Impact (2017)

Many of today's most widely used computing applications utilize social networking features and allow users to connect, follow each other, share content, and comment on others' posts. However, despite the widespread adoption of these features, there is little understanding of the consequences that social networking has on user retention, engagement, and online as well as offline behavior. Here, we study how social networks influence user behavior in a physical activity tracking application. We analyze 791 million online and offline actions of 6 million users over the course of 5 years, and show that social networking leads to a significant increase in users' online as well as offline activities. Specifically, we establish a causal effect of how social networks influence user behavior. We show that the creation of new social connections increases user online in-application activity by 30%, user retention by 17%, and user offline real-world physical activity by 7% (about 400 steps per day). By exploiting a natural experiment we distinguish the effect of social influence of new social connections from the simultaneous increase in user's motivation to use the app and take more steps. We show that social influence accounts for 55% of the observed changes in user behavior, while the remaining 45% can be explained by the user's increased motivation to use the app. Further, we show that subsequent, individual edge formations in the social network lead to significant increases in daily steps. These effects diminish with each additional edge and vary based on edge attributes and user demographics. Finally, we utilize these insights to develop a model that accurately predicts which users will be most influenced by the creation of new social network connections.
General, Mild and Efficient Synthesis of β-Enaminones Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate (2007)

Correction to: General, Mild and Efficient Synthesis of β-Enaminones Catalyzed by Ceric Ammonium NitrateSynlett 2007; 2007(06): 0881-0884DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973862
PD-L1– and calcitriol-dependent liposomal antigen-specific regulation of systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease (2019)

Autoimmune diseases resulting from MHC class II-restricted autoantigen-specific T cell immunity include the systemic inflammatory autoimmune conditions rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitis. While currently treated with broad-acting immunosuppressive drugs, a preferable strategy is to regulate antigen-specific effector T cells (Teffs) to restore tolerance by exploiting DC antigen presentation. We targeted draining lymph node (dLN) phagocytic DCs using liposomes encapsulating 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol) and antigenic peptide to elucidate mechanisms of tolerance used by DCs and responding T cells under resting and immunized conditions. PD-L1 expression was upregulated in dLNs of immunized relative to naive mice. Subcutaneous administration of liposomes encapsulating OVA323-339 and calcitriol targeted dLN PD-L1hi DCs of immunized mice and reduced their MHC class II expression. OVA323-339/calcitriol liposomes suppressed expansion, differentiation, and function of Teffs and induced Foxp3+ and IL-10+ peripheral Tregs in an antigen-specific manner, which was dependent on PD-L1. Peptide/calcitriol liposomes modulated CD40 expression by human DCs and promoted Treg induction in vitro. Liposomes encapsulating calcitriol and disease-associated peptides suppressed the severity of rheumatoid arthritis and Goodpasture's vasculitis models with suppression of antigen-specific memory T cell differentiation and function. Accordingly, peptide/calcitriol liposomes leverage DC PD-L1 for antigen-specific T cell regulation and induce antigen-specific tolerance in inflammatory autoimmune diseases.
Endotoxin-binding synthetic peptides with endotoxin-neutralizing, antibacterial and anticoagulant activities. (1994)

Endotoxin(lipopolysaccharide = LPS), cell wall component of gram-negative bacteria, activates monocytes and macrophages to release cytokines, reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI), and to generate tissue factor(TF) which initiate coagulation. We have purified 7kDa and 18kDa cationic antibacterial proteins (CAP-7 and CAP-18) with LPS-binding and LPS-neutralizing activities from rabbit granulocytes using as an assay the agglutination of erythrocytes coated with Re-LPS. From protein sequencing, CAP-7 was identified as the C-terminal 37 amino acid fragment of CAP-18. Synthetic peptide #197 (identical sequence to CAP-7, Gly1-Try37) and #36-1 (a truncation of CAP consisting of 32 amino acid residues, Gly1-Ala32) showed LPS-binding activity. Each peptide inhibited LPS-induced tissue factor(TF) generation by murine peritoneal macrophages, even added 1-3 hours after stimulation of cells with LPS. C57BL/6 mice treated with #197 were significantly protected from lethal LPS challenge. Peptide #36 also blocked the LPS-induced lethality. These peptides had antibacterial activity to gram-negative bacteria, such as E.coli, S.typhimurium, K.pneumonia, Ps.aeruginosa and also to gram-positive S.aureus (Methicillin sensitive and resistant strains). Both peptides inhibited TF- and Xa-induced plasma clotting. Using synthetic chromotogenic substrates, both CAP7 peptides blocked the coagulation cascade at two sites, activation of factor X to Xa and conversion of Factor II (prothrombin) to factor IIa (thrombin). In vivo treatment of peptide #197 prevented acute lethality in mice injected with tissue factor (rabbit brain thromboplastin). Two other peptides, #32(Gly1-Phe9) and #50(Ile13-Typ37) failed to demonstrate LPS-binding, LPS-neutralizing, antibacterial and anticoagulant activities. The active peptides but not the inactive peptide maintain a putative heparin binding domain at their N-termini. This heparin binding domain is participate in the LPS-binding, LPS neutralizing, antibacterial and anticoagulant activities of CAP7. These active peptides may have a therapeutic potential for treatment for DIC due to sepsis and endotoxin shock.
Fibrous and Cystic Lesions in the Ovaries of Aged Atlantic Cod (<i>Gadus morhua</i>): a Preliminary Report (1969)

Ovarian stromal fibrosis occurred in four Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) from the northeastern Gulf of St. Lawrence (49°07′N, 59°18′W) and off Fox Harbour, Labrador (52°18′N, 55°52′W), with accompanying cystic lesions in two specimens.Externally the ovaries varied. Specimen 1 (115 cm fork length, age 18 years) possessed clear areas (0.5–1.5 mm) where the underlying stroma was relatively thin. Specimen 2 (107 cm, 19 years) possessed scattered cream or yellow nodules (< 1 mm) and coalesced nodules (1.5–2.0 mm). Specimen 3 (118 cm, 19 years) had many colourless fluid-filled cysts (1.5–2.0 mm) and a few larger cysts (5.0 × 7.5–7.0 × 12.0 mm), the latter confined to the tapering posterior regions of the ovary. Specimen 4 (99 cm, 16 years) possessed large (up to 8 mm) multilocular cysts anteriorly.Stromal fibrosis occurred to varying degrees in each specimen, containing predominantly fibrinoid as identified by Mallory's PAH, Weigert's fibrin test, and retention of a PAS-positive reaction after incubation in alkaline trypsin. Widespread degeneration of ovigerous lamellae occurred in specimens 3 and 4.The condition of specimens 3 and 4 suggests involutional ovarian stromal fibrosis, but the endocrine studies necessary to confirm this opinion were not performed.
New length scaling of current gain factor and characterization method for pocket implanted MOSFET's (2002)

A new analytical model is proposed for the gain factor channel length dependence /spl beta/(L) observed in advanced MOSFET device architectures with pocket implants. The idea consists of splitting the channel length domain into two regions of different mobility values. This approach has been implemented in the BSIM3V3.2 model for the description of 0.18 /spl mu/m MOSFETs. Very good modeling in a large channel length range for N- and P-MOSFETs is demonstrated.
ON THE COUPLING OF A ZONAL MODEL WITH A BES MODEL FOR PREDICTING VERTICAL TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION (2014)

Paper presented to the 10th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Florida, 14-16 July 2014.
Unsteady design-point flow phenomena in transonic compressors (1986)

High-frequency response probes which had previously been used exclusively in the MIT Blowndown Facility were successfully employed in two conventional steady state axial flow compressor facilities to investigate the unsteady flowfields of highly loaded transonic compressors at design point operation. Laser anemometry measurements taken simultaneously with the high response data were also analyzed. The time averaged high response data of static and total pressure agreed quite well with the conventional steady state instrumentation except for flow angle which showed a large spread in values at all radii regardless of the type of instrumentation used. In addition, the time resolved measurements confirmed earlier test results obtained in the MIT Blowdown Facility for the same compressor. The results of these tests have further revealed that the flowfields of highly loaded transonic compressors are heavily influenced by unsteady flow phenomena. The high response measurements exhibited large variations in the blade to blade flow and in the blade passage flow. The observed unsteadiness in the blade wakes is explained in terms of the rotor blades' shed vorticity in periodic vortex streets. The wakes were modeled as two-dimensional vortex streets with finite size cores. The model fit the data quite well as it was able to reproduce the average wake shape and bi-modal probability density distributions seen in the laser anemometry data. The presence of vortex streets in the blade wakes also explains the large blade to blade fluctuations seen by the high response probes which is simply due to the intermittent sampling of the vortex street as it is swept past a stationary probe.
Sublethal Damage Repair Times for a Late-Responding Tissue Relevant to Brachytherapy (and External-Beam Radiotherapy): Implications for New Brachytherapy Protocols (1998)

The long estimated repair time for a late-responding normal-tissue end point with direct relevance to brachytherapy suggests a variety of possible brachytherapy protocols that may be more efficacious than continuous low dose rate irradiation. Just as a difference in alpha/beta ratios between early- and late-responding tissues are a central tenet in radiotherapy, so corresponding differences in T1/2 values have the potential to be exploited, particularly for brachytherapy.
Mathematical study on kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells – theoretical conditions for successful transplantation (2011)

Numerous haematological diseases occur due to dysfunctions during homeostasis processes of blood cell production. Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic option for the treatment of haematological malignancy and congenital immunodeficiency. Today, HSCT is widely applied as an alternative method to bone marrow transplantation; however, HSCT can be a risky procedure because of potential side effects and complications after transplantations. Although an optimal regimen to achieve successful HSCT while maintaining quality of life is to be developed, even theoretical considerations such as the evaluations of successful engraftments and proposals of clinical management strategies have not been fully discussed yet. In this paper, we construct and investigate mathematical models that describe the kinetics of hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and granulopoiesis under the influence of growth factors. Moreover, we derive theoretical conditions for successful HSCT, primarily on the basis of the idea that the basic reproduction number R (0) represents a threshold condition for a population to successfully grow in a given steady-state environment. Successful engraftment of transplanted haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is subsequently ensured by employing a concept of dynamical systems theory known as 'persistence'. On the basis of the implications from the modelling study, we discuss how the conditions derived for a successful HSCT are used to link to experimental studies.
Functional homology between the yeast regulatory proteins GAL4 and LAC9: LAC9-mediated transcriptional activation in Kluyveromyces lactis involves protein binding to a regulatory sequence homologous to the GAL4 protein-binding site. (1987)

As shown previously, the beta-galactosidase gene of Kluyveromyces lactis is transcriptionally regulated via an upstream activation site (UASL) which contains a sequence homologous to the GAL4 protein-binding site in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (M. Ruzzi, K.D. Breunig, A.G. Ficca, and C.P. Hollenberg, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:991-997, 1987). Here we demonstrate that the region of homology specifically binds a K. lactis regulatory protein. The binding activity was detectable in protein extracts from wild-type cells enriched for DNA-binding proteins by heparin affinity chromatography. These extracts could be used directly for DNase I and exonuclease III protection experiments. A lac9 deletion strain, which fails to induce the beta-galactosidase gene, did not contain the binding factor. The homology of LAC9 protein with GAL4 (J.M. Salmeron and S. A. Johnston, Nucleic Acids Res. 14:7767-7781, 1986) strongly suggests that LAC9 protein binds directly to UASL and plays a role similar to that of GAL4 in regulating transcription.
Hepatic arterial infusion of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha. An experimental study in dogs (1989)

Local and systemic toxicities associated with hepatic arterial infusion of human recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) were studied in healthy adult mongrel dogs. The animals received saline containing human serum albumin with or without rTNF (0.02, 0.2, or 2.0 mg/m2). Arteriograms were made, and blood samples were collected for hematologic and biochemical analyses at regular intervals. The dogs were killed at 1, 3, and 7 days postinfusion and complete necropsies were performed. Specimens were obtained from various tissues for histopathologic evaluation. Results indicated that all but the highest dose of rTNF were well tolerated. Severe histopathologic changes were found in the liver, spleen, and kidneys of the animals receiving 2.0 mg/m2 rTNF. In addition, focal tubular degeneration was found in one dog administered 0.2 mg/m2 rTNF. These data suggest that the upper dose limit for hepatic arterial infusion of rTNF is between 0.2 and 2.0 mg/m2 and that renal function should be closely monitored after infusion.
Simultaneous Measurements on Helium and Nitrogen with a Newly Designed Viscometer−Densimeter over a Wide Range of Temperature and Pressure (2009)

A newly designed apparatus for accurate simultaneous viscosity and density measurements on gases was assembled. The measuring system consists of a vibrating-wire viscometer and a single-sinker densimeter. Density values measured directly are a prerequisite for accurate viscosity measurements. For the relative measurements with the vibrating-wire viscometer, the wire radius was determined by means of a calibration with a theoretically based value for the viscosity of helium in the limit of zero density. In general, the viscosity measurements are characterized by a relative uncertainty of ± (0.25 to 0.3) %, whereas the relative uncertainty in the density is estimated to be less than ± 0.1 %, except for the low-density range. The working range of the instrument covers temperatures from (253 to 473) K at pressures up to 30 MPa. Some isothermal series of measurements on helium (293 K) and nitrogen [(293 and 423) K] were carried out to check the performance of the apparatus and to provide accurate ηρpT data. On the basis of comparisons with values calculated from the viscosity surface correlations and equations of state for helium and nitrogen as well as with selected experimental data from the literature, it is concluded that the new viscosity values are appropriate to improve the viscosity surface correlations available in the literature.