gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Separation of Different Types of Amphetamine and Piperazine Designer Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis with a Chiral Selector (2005)

The recent emergence of a new class of piperazine-type compounds has brought about the need for laboratory screening methods for both seized drugs and toxicological samples. These piperazine compounds, which include 1-benzylpiperazine (BZP) and 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP), exhibit comparable physiological effects and can be substituted for the classic amphetamine-type drugs. We have optimized a chiral capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation that detects a set of 6 piperazine and 4 chiral amphetamine compounds in under 23 min using a 200 mM phosphate buffer at a pH = 2.8 with 20 mM hydroxypropyl- beta-cyclodextrin (HPbeta3CD). In addition to the above compounds, a series of "clandestine" BZP diHCl samples were also analyzed using this method to assess the ruggedness of the procedure. The novel CE separation was tailored to simultaneously detect these piperzine compounds in addition to amphetamine-type drugs. Distinct migration time and UV-spectral data were obtained for all compounds of interest.
The effects of quetiapine on risky decision-making (2011)

The 16th Biennial Winter Workshop in Psychoses, 30 January to 2 February 2011 Innsbruck, Austria: Oral Platform Presentations
ChemInform Abstract: Osmium‐Catalyzed Oxidation of β‐Lactams with Peroxides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Distinct scavenger receptor expression and function in the human CD14<sup>+</sup>/CD16<sup>+</sup>monocyte subset (1999)

The CD14(+)/CD16(+) subset of human blood monocytes, which expresses low levels of the lipopolysaccharide receptor CD14 and high levels of the Fc receptor CD16 and exhibits features of mature tissue macrophages, is expanded in certain inflammatory conditions and may be relevant in atherosclerosis. Scavenger receptors (ScR) are important for lipid accumulation into macrophage-derived foam cells in atherogenesis and for the clearance of pathogens. Hence, we compared the function and expression of ScR in CD33(low) CD16(+) and CD33(high) CD14(++) monocyte subsets. Double immunofluorescence analysis of isolated monocytes revealed that the CD33(low) subset showed lower specific, ScR-mediated binding of DiI-labeled modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) than CD33(high) cells. Differences in modified LDL binding between subsets were accompanied by changes in mRNA expression. RT-PCR in sorted cells indicated lower ScR class A type I/II (ScR-AI/II) mRNA levels in CD14(+)/CD16(+) than in CD14(++) cells, whereas CD36 transcripts were unaltered. This was paralleled by findings in mostly CD16(+) monocyte-derived macrophages showing a marked reduction in ScR-mediated binding of acetylated LDL, but not in the binding of oxidized LDL, and lower expression of ScR-AI/II mRNA, but not CD36 transcripts, after exposure to tumor necrosis factor-alpha for 48 h in vitro. Thus the subset of CD14(+)/CD16(+) monocytes shows distinct ScR function and expression, possibly reflecting a preactivation by cytokines with a predilection for specific inflammatory or vascular conditions, e.g., atherogenesis.
Robust output feedback predictive control with self-triggered measurements (2015)

In many applications it is desired to limit the amount of sensor measurements for example to save energy. Developing control strategies that only perform measurements if necessary to achieve the required control performance is thus desirable. This work presents a combination of a robust predictive controller with self-triggered estimation for the control of linear, constrained systems subject to additive noise. We assume that for some sensors the maximum number of measurements within a specific time-span is limited, but the actual time-instants at which the measurements are taken can vary. We propose an output feedback control scheme, which optimizes the applied input as well as the measurement instances to improve closed loop performance. Conditions to robustly guarantee closed loop properties such as constraint satisfaction, recursive feasibility or stability are presented. The results are illustrated by an example.
Line-Adaptive Hybrid Coding of Images (1983)

This paper describes novel adaptation strategy for hybrid transform/DPCM image coders. This strategy has yielded a 2-8 dB increase in signal-to-noise ratio in the transmission of a head and shoulders image at bit rates of 1-4 bits per pel and one-dimensional transform block sizes of 2-16.
Relation of thymidine index to pulmonary tumor response in mice receiving urethan and other carcinogens. (1969)

In strain A mice, urethan, 1 mg/gm body weight, produces a decrease in the thymidine index of the lung within 1 day, with recovery and rebound by 7 days. These events are not seen with 0.25 mg/gm urethan although this dose also produces pulmonary tumors in 100% of strain A mice.

The initial decrease in the thymidine index is seen also with 3-methylcholanthrene and nitrogen mustard, with the nadir at 3 days. Inhibition at 1 day occurs also in strains C3H and C57BL following 1 mg/gm urethan, but the rebound is less than in strain A. Urethan inhibition of labeled cells is accentuated by actinomycin D, cytosine arabinoside, and puromycin; pulmonary carcinogenesis is also slightly inhibited.

It is suggested that the inhibition of DNA synthesis, as manifested by the thymidine index, may represent a toxic side effect rather than a key event in carcinogenesis.
La modernité : nouvelle conscience politique ou nouvelle conscience historique ? (2005)

Les analystes (anthropologues, sociologues, historiens, politologues) de la mutation actuelle de l’État en État esthétique , ainsi que les enquêteurs qui ont mis au jour les résultats les plus palpables du travail de terrain des agents de cette forme d’État (médiateurs, Drac, etc.), l’ont commenté d’une façon ou d’une autre : l ’État esthétique se valorise et se perpétue en faisant jouer, dans la simple contingence des goûts, l’existence d’un monde partagé (un ...
Hematopoietic activity of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor is dependent upon two distinct regions of the molecule: functional analysis based upon the activities of interspecies hybrid growth factors. (1989)

Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an acidic glycoprotein that stimulates hematopoiesis in vitro and in vivo. Despite a high degree of sequence homology, the GM-CSFs from human and murine sources fail to crossreact in their respective colony-forming assays. On the basis of this finding, a series of hybrid molecules containing various proportions of human- and murine-specific amino acid sequences were generated by recombinant DNA techniques and assayed for species-specific activity against human and murine marrow target cells. Two regions of GM-CSF, residues 38-48 and residues 95-111, were found to be critical for hematopoietic function. These regions are structurally characterized by an amphiphilic helix and by a disulfide-bonded loop, respectively, and are homologous in position in the human and murine growth factors. In addition, competition assays suggested that, together, these regions bind to the GM-CSF receptor.
Eine unerwartete Reaktion zwischen Oxalylchlorid und atropisomeren Diaminen (1995)

An Unexpected Reaction between Oxalyl Chloride and Atropisomeric Diamines Chiral diamines like ( S )‐1,1′‐binaphthalene‐2,2′‐diamine ( 3a ) were acylated by oxalyl chloride to yield mainly a macrocyclic lactame 5 , whereas the eight‐membered oxamide 4 was formed only in small quantity.
Prediction of Skin in Openhole Sand Control Completions (2005)

Abstract Formation damage in openhole sand control completions comes from a variety of sources. The drill in fluid filtrate can cause near wellbore permeability alteration and in the case of a gravel packed completion, leak off from the gravel pack slurry can increase the damage. Once the gravel is in place, poor filter cake clean up and pack damage can further increase the skin. Careful design and execution of the gravel pack can result in a low skin. However there is one additional damage mechanism, which is impossible to avoid, that of permeability alteration by rock failure. There is a high probability that rock failure takes place at some stage in the life of an openhole sand control completion and the effect of rock failure on the skin depends on the change in permeability produced by failure and on the completion type. An objective of this work was to measure the effect of rock failure on permeability for a weak sandstone. A yield zone model was used to determine the depth of rock failure away from the wellbore and the effective stresses in the yield (failed) zone. The permeability changes were coupled with the yield zone model to predict the evolution of skin during depletion for a variety of completion options. Using the properties for the rocks tested, the model predicts for a compliantly expanded expandable sand screen completion an initially zero or slightly negative skin that increases slightly as depletion proceeds. For a non-compliant screen the model predicts a slightly higher initial skin, which again increases slightly with depletion. The predicted values are commensurate with observed skin values for openhole expandable sand screen completions.
Microstructure Change of AZCa912 Magnesium Alloy Continuous Casting Bar by Hot Compression (2014)

AZCa912, 8.8mass%Al-0.68mass%Zn-0.25mass%Mn-1.9mass%Ca-Bal.Mg, continuous casting bars were formed and their hot compression properties were measured. AZCa912 alloy is a noncombustible magnesium alloy. AZCa912 bars 50 mm in diameter were formed by a direct chill continuous casting method. The surfaces of the bars had excellent metallic luster. Grain sizes in the bars were 148, and the dendrite arm spacing was 16.9 μm. Cracks on the side surfaces of the samples were formed by compression at 250-300°C, 0.01-1/s and 350°C, 1/s. However, inner cracks were not observed and-5 μm fine-grains were formed. Some samples had an unchanged casting structure after hot pressing, and the percent of the structure remaining unchanged decreased with low-temperature compression.
Highly selective catalytic trans-hydroboration of alkynes mediated by borenium cations and B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2016)

The <i>trans</i>-hydroboration of terminal alkynes mediated by borenium cations [NHC(9-BBN)]<sup>+</sup> (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene, 9-BBN = 9-borabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane) exclusively affords <i>Z</i>-vinylboranes. NHCs and chelating dialkyl substituents on the borenium cation and "non"-basic anions were essential to preclude alternative reactions including dehydroboration. Deuterium labelling studies indicate the mechanism involves addition of the boron electrophile to the alkyne and transfer of hydride to the opposite face of the activated alkyne. <i>trans</i>-Hydroboration proceeds with only catalytic amounts of B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> or [Ph<sub>3</sub>C][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] to activate the (NHC)9-BBN(H) precursor with the borenium regenerated in the hydride transfer step. The NHC can be removed from the <i>trans</i>-hydroborated products by the addition of Et<sub>2</sub>O-BF<sub>3</sub> providing access to vinylBBN species effective for Suzuki-Miyaura couplings to generate <i>Z</i>-alkenes. Combinations of catalytic B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> and stoichiometric [HB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup> also lead to <i>trans</i>-hydroboration of terminal alkynes to form <i>Z</i>-isomers of [arylCH[double bond, length as m-dash]CHB(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup>.
Making sense of confusion: Relating performance, confidence, and self-efficacy to expressions of confusion in an introductory physics class (2015)

Although confusion is generally perceived to be negative, educators dating as far back as Socrates, who asked students to question assumptions and wrestle with ideas, have challenged this notion. Can confusion be productive? How should instructors interpret student expressions of confusion? During two semesters of introductory physics that involved Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) and research-based reading materials, we evaluated performance on reading assignments while simultaneously measuring students' self-assessment of their confusion over the preclass reading material (N 137; N fall 106, N spring 88). We examined the relationship between confusion and correctness, confidence in reasoning, and (in the spring) precourse self-efficacy. We find that student expressions of confusion before coming to class are negatively related to correctness on preclass content-related questions, confidence in reasoning on those questions, and selfefficacy, but weakly positively related to final grade when controlling for these factors ( 0.23, p 0.03).
Localization of Anti-HPL in Fetal, Placental, and Maternal Renal Tissues (1975)

Anti-human placental lactogen (HPL) was given to pregnant rats. An analysis of various tissues including lung, muscle, placenta, kidney and fetal localizes the heterologous antibody at the placenta. It is presumed that whatever destructive effect it has takes place there.
A family andpopulation study ofthegenetic polymorphism ofdebrisoquine oxidation ina white British population (1980)

SUMMARY Apopulation surveyof258unrelated whiteBritish subjects showed a polymorphism for the4-oxidation ofdebrisoquine. 'Extensive metabolisers' (EM)and'poor metabolisers' (PM)are recognisable, 8.9%ofthepopulation being PM.Ninepedigrees ascertained through PM probands showthatthePM phenotype isan autosomal Mendelian recessive character. TheEM phenotype is dominant andthedegree ofdominance hasbeenestimated at30%.PM subjects aremore prone to hypotension during debrisoquine therapy. Thealleles controlling thispolymorphism appear to control theoxidation ofother drugs.
Operating Ranges for Cochlear Implants (1980)

The range of simple electrical stimuli that may be used for prosthetic stimulation via scala tympani implants was explored using psychophysical procedures in macaque monkeys. Biophysical considerations placed further limitations on the operating range. The operating range was dependent onstimulus waveform, electrode configuration, and the condition of the implanted cochlea and eighth nerve.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐11‐methyl‐6H‐pyrido(4,3‐b)carbazole and 5‐Formyl‐11‐methyl‐6H‐pyrido(4,3‐b)carbazole (17‐Oxoellipticine). (1987)

Abstract Treatment of the p‐nitrobenzyl bromide salt (I) with sodium methylate and subsequent addition of the methobromide of ethyl nicotinate (II) to the reaction mixture yield the carbazolopyridinium salt (III).
Daily Rainfall for the Indian Monsoon Region from Merged Satellite and Rain Gauge Values: Large-Scale Analysis from Real-Time Data (2003)

A system for objectively producing daily large-scale analysis of rainfall for the Indian region has been developed and tested by using only available real-time rain gauge data and quantitative precipitation estimates from INSAT-1D IR data. The system uses a successive correction method to produce the analysis on a regular latitude–longitude grid. Quantitative precipitation estimates from the Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) operational geostationary satellite, INSAT-1D, IR data are used as the initial guess in the objective analysis method. Accumulated 24-h (daily) rainfall analyses are prepared each day by merging satellite and rain gauge data. The characteristics of the output from this analysis system have been examined by comparing the accumulated monthly observed rainfall with other available independent widely used datasets from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) and Climate Prediction Center Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) analyses. The monthly data prepared from the daily analyses are also compared with the subjectively analyzed India Meteorological Department (IMD) monthly rainfall maps. This comparison suggests that even with only the available real-time data from INSAT and rain gauge, it is possible to construct a usable large-scale rainfall map on regular latitude–longitude grids. This analysis, which uses a higher resolution and more local rain gauge data, is able to produce realistic details of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall patterns. The magnitude and distribution of orographic rainfall near the west coast of India is very different from and more realistic compared to both the GPCP and CMAP patterns. Due to the higher spatial resolution of the analysis system, the regions of heavy and light rain are demarcated clearly over the Indian landmass. Over the oceanic regions of the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, and the equatorial Indian Ocean, the agreement of the analyzed rainfall at the monthly timescale is quite good compared to the other two datasets. For NWP and other model verification of large-scale rainfall, this dataset will be useful. In the field of rainfall monitoring within weather and climate research, this technique will have real-time applications with data from current (METSAT) and future (INSAT-3A and INSAT-3D) Indian geostationary satellites.
New trends in glaucoma risk, diagnosis & management. (2013)

Recent advances have seen a surge of new ideas and technologies to aid in the detection, treatment and further understanding of glaucoma. These technologies and advances are discussed to provide information on risk-factors, diagnosis and treatment. Glaucoma has never before seen such an advance in research and therapies coming forward in to the clinical workplace. It is an exciting time for physicians and researchers alike and over the next decade will certainly see advances in early detection, efficacious treatments and neuroprotection.
Burst Suppression EEG during Hypothermia and Rapid Rewarming in Isoflurane-Anesthetized Rats (2010)

Induced hypothermia is known as an efficient neuro-protectant, while rapid posthypothermic rewarming has harmful effects on neural system and worsens cerebral injury. This study investigated burst suppression (BS) pattern in EEG during moderate hypothermia and rapid rewarming in 9 isoflurane-anesthetized rats. Temperature-induced changes were observed in BS features throughout the experiment: maximum BS ratio and burst amplitude, and minimum suppression amplitude appeared at the lowest temperature; BS pattern reappeared after rapid posthypothermic rewarming. In addition, it was observed that respiratory rate changed markedly between normothermia and moderate hypothermia while no significant fluctuation was observed in heart rate during the whole experiment. All these findings may have relevance to establish suitable protocol for therapeutic hypothermia in clinic.
Catalyst-free synthesis of thiazolidines <i>via</i> sequential hydrolysis/rearrangement reactions of 5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-ones at room temperature (2018)

A catalyst-free sequential reaction involving hydrolysis and intramolecular aza-Michael addition was developed for synthesizing functionalized thiazolidines from 5-arylidenethiazolidin-4-ones at room temperature. A series of thiazolidine-5-carboxylic acids were prepared in good to excellent yields (up to 97% yield) and excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >20 : 1 dr). This methodology was applicable to the construction of derivatives of thiacloprid and flutianil with good yields.
A clinical/modeling investigation of the activity of PKC412 against an imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) Carrying a D842V Mutation in PDGFRA (2007)

3266 Background Most gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) have activating mutations in KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). About 80-90% of these tumors respond well to Imatinib, that inhibits the kinase activity of both receptors. Here we report the molecular/biochemical investigations on an Imatinib-resistant GIST patient, who displayed the point mutation D842V, affecting PDGFRA, and who was treated with PKC412. PKC412 is a multi-targeted kinase inhibitor inhibiting ie. several PKC isoforms, FLT3, KDR, PGDFR, KIT and several clinically relevant mutants thereof. A detailed molecular simulation study was carried out of the interaction between both Imatinib and PKC412 with wild type (WT) and the D842V PDGFRA mutant receptor, aimed at offering, for the first time, a comprehensive picture of the molecular mechanisms of success and failure of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors binding to the mutated protein. Materials and methods DNA was extracted from a tumor nodule of an advanced GIST patient, who was unresponsive to Imatinib and other anti-tyrosine kinase agents, and was about to receive treatment with PKC412. The sequencing of KIT and PDGFRA receptors revealed a wild type KIT receptor, while a mutation responsible for D842V substitution was detected in PDGFRA. The 3D structure of PDGFRα, currently unavailable, was obtained by homology techniques. Docking procedures were developed to defined drug binding modes to the WT and mutated receptor. The binding free energies between imatinib and each protein were obtained as the sum of the molecular mechanical (MM) energies of the solute, the solvation free energies, and the solute entropic contribution. The version of MM/PBSA method used in this work took snapshots from a molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory of each drug/protein complex, with explicit water molecules and counterions. Results The exceptional quality of the obtained 3D structure of the PDGFRα, the development of ad hoc docking procedures, and the application of the MM/PBSA ansatz allowed us to determine the similarities and differences between the binding modes and the molecular interactions of Imatinib and PKC412 with WT and D842V PDGRFA, respectively. In particular, the role played by D842V in the different binding mode of the two drugs emerges clearly from the combined structural/energetical analyses. Clinically, a GIST patient with the mutation PDGFR D842V who was unresponsive to three previous targeted agents (including Imatinib), has had clinical and radiological signs of drug sensitivity for 5 months while on PKC412, which is still ongoing Conclusions The coupling of the biochemical and modeling analysis of wt and D842V PDGFRA has allowed us to formulate a rationale for explaining, at a molecular level, the difference in response of the receptor found mutated in GIST towards Imatinib and PKC412, respectively.
Feasibility of Two Commodity Network Flows (1966)

The paper considers the problem of feasibility of integer flows in a two commodity network with integral capacities. The main result of the paper establishes conditions under which, in an Euler network, and for two non-negative integers a and b, there exists a two commodity flow, where the flow of the first commodity is of size a and the second flow of size b. This result is used to find some conditions for the case where a and b are not necessarily even.