gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compiler Optimization Techniques for OpenMP Programs (2001)

We have developed compiler optimization techniques for explicit parallel programs using the OpenMP API. To enable optimization across threads, we designed dataflow analysis techniques in which interactions between threads are effectively modeled. Structured description of parallelism and relaxed memory consistency in OpenMP make the analyses effective and efficient. We developed algorithms for reaching definitions analysis, memory synchronization analysis, and cross‐loop data dependence analysis for parallel loops. Our primary target is compiler‐directed software distributed shared memory systems in which aggressive compiler optimizations for software‐implemented coherence schemes are crucial to obtaining good performance. We also developed optimizations applicable to general OpenMP implementations, namely redundant barrier removal and privatization of dynamically allocated objects. Experimental results for the coherency optimization show that aggressive compiler optimizations are quite effective for a shared‐write intensive program because the coherence‐induced communication volume in such a program is much larger than that in shared‐read intensive programs.
Magnetite nanoparticles as smart carriers to manipulate the cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs: magnetic control and pH-responsive release (2012)

We described the smart and targeted magnetic nanocarriers to control the delivery and release of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) in vitro and demonstrated that they can exhibit much higher cytotoxicity to cancer cells than free DOX. The conjugation of targeted magnetite nanoparticles (∼14 nm in diameter) and DOX molecule via acid-labile imine bond endows the nanocarriers with three advanced features: magnetically controllable, specific targeting, and pH-responsive. The cell toxicity assays indicated the pH-sensitive magnetic nanocarriers (IC50 of 0.13 μg mL−1 to HeLa cells) have much higher anticancer activity than free DOX (IC50 of 1.16 μg mL−1 to HeLa cells). Moreover, the magnetically guided delivery of nanocarriers can further improve the drug efficacy (IC50 of ∼0.087 μg mL−1 to HeLa cells). The arginine–glycine–aspartic acid (RGD)-modified magnetic nanocarriers recognized the specific cells effectively (IC50 of 0.93 μg mL−1 to U-87 MG cells) and showed the increased cytotoxicity to cancer cells under external magnetic fields. This intelligent (magnetically guided, molecular targeted, and pH-responsive) drug delivery system has the ability to improve the chemotherapeutic efficacy and reduce the side effects, which has a great potential to become a favorable strategy for delivery of drugs to the desired sites in patients.
Study on stability of bucket foundation under backfill (2018)

Bucket foundation is a new type of port hydraulic structure that has emerged in recent years. Currently, it is used more and more in coastal engineering. However, due to its complicated structure, the stability of the bucket foundation structure has not been solved. This sinking bucket foundation relies on its own weight and soil mass to resist external force to maintain its stability. In this paper, the finite element numerical simulation method is used to study the more reasonable arrangement of bucket foundation through the analysis of slippage resistance, capsizing ability and instability form of bucket foundation under different diameter-height ratio and different rear backfill. It provides reference for stability analysis and research of bucket foundation.
A Survey of FPGA-Based Neural Network Accelerator (2017)

Recent researches on neural network have shown significant advantage in machine learning over traditional algorithms based on handcrafted features and models. Neural network is now widely adopted in regions like image, speech and video recognition. But the high computation and storage complexity of neural network inference poses great difficulty on its application. CPU platforms are hard to offer enough computation capacity. GPU platforms are the first choice for neural network process because of its high computation capacity and easy to use development frameworks. On the other hand, FPGA-based neural network inference accelerator is becoming a research topic. With specifically designed hardware, FPGA is the next possible solution to surpass GPU in speed and energy efficiency. Various FPGA-based accelerator designs have been proposed with software and hardware optimization techniques to achieve high speed and energy efficiency. In this paper, we give an overview of previous work on neural network inference accelerators based on FPGA and summarize the main techniques used. An investigation from software to hardware, from circuit level to system level is carried out to complete analysis of FPGA-based neural network inference accelerator design and serves as a guide to future work.
FORMATION OF <i>O</i>-β-<scp>D</scp>-GLUCOPYRANOSYL- AND <i>O</i>-β-<scp>D</scp>-GALACTOPYRANOSYL-MYO-INOSITOLS BY GLYCOSYL TRANSFER (1965)

Enzyme extracts or growing cells of Sporobolomyces singularis catalyzed glycosyl transfer from cellobiose or lactose to polyhydroxylic acceptors. The substituted hydroxyl, in each instance, had hydroxylic neighbors which appeared to have a role in the reaction. To show whether the pyranoid ring oxygen of glycosyl acceptors has an effect on the reaction, the substitution positions on pyranoid and myo-inositol acceptors are compared. Glucosyl transfer to the 1- and 5-positions of (1R)-myo-inositol 3 and galactosyl transfer to the 5-position occurs. The configuration of hydroxyl groups adjacent to the position substituted is the same in these products as in the corresponding pyranoid derivatives. The pyranoid ring oxygen, therefore, has little effect on the glycosyl transfer reactions.
The Rationale and Design of Inflation-Indexed Bonds (1997)

A number of industrialized countries have recently offered inflation-indexed bonds.Some members of another group of countries that had earlier adopted more comprehensive indexation in response to high inflation have taken steps to reduce the scope of indexation in their economies.This paper sruveys debt management, monetary policy, and welfare arguments on the use of inflation-indexed bonds, and relates these to the experiences of various issuers.The paper also considers some important design features of indexed bonds.
Oral Feedback: A Junior School Study (2001)

Teachers are being encouraged to look beyond the obvious descriptive categories when they examine classroom communication. The present study investigates a teacher's oral feedback during one lesson in a multicultural junior primary school classroom. The investigation suggests that some of the utterances are open to more than one interpretation. Specifically, children may sometimes be unclear about whether their contribution is being praised or corrected.
Learning to Cluster for Proposal-Free Instance Segmentation (2018)

This work proposed a novel learning objective to train a deep neural network to perform end-to-end image pixel clustering. We applied the approach to instance segmentation, which is at the intersection of image semantic segmentation and object detection. We utilize the most fundamental property of instance labeling -- the pairwise relationship between pixels -- as the supervision to formulate the learning objective, then apply it to train a fully convolutional network (FCN) for learning to perform pixel-wise clustering. The resulting clusters can be used as the instance labeling directly. To support labeling of an unlimited number of instance, we further formulate ideas from graph coloring theory into the proposed learning objective. The evaluation on the Cityscapes dataset demonstrates strong performance and therefore proof of the concept. Moreover, our approach won the second place in the lane detection competition of 2017 CVPR Autonomous Driving Challenge, and was the top performer without using external data.
Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from crustacean by-products: Biological and physicochemical properties (2011)

Chitin has been extracted from two Tunisian crustacean species. The obtained chitin was transformed into the more useful soluble chitosan. These products were characterized by their biological activity as antimicrobial and antifungal properties. The tested bacterial strains were Escherichia coli American Type Cell Culture (ATCC) 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27950 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Four fungi strains were also tested Candida glabrata, Candida albicans, Candida parapsilensis and Candida kreusei. Squilla chitosan showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the different fungi exceptionally for C. kreusei. Their antioxidant activity was investigated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation. Parapenaeus longirostris Chitosan showed the highest radical scavenging properties. Chitin and chitosan produced were also characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Key words : Antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, chitin, chitosan, crustacean.
Elastin content in human fibrotic and cirrhotic liver. (1990)

Human liver tissue obtained at autopsy was extracted with hot 0.1 M NaOH. Determination of amino acids desmosine and isodesmosine was used to quantify elastin in the insoluble residue. Hydroxyproline content was used as an index of collagen content in the liver. Hydroxyproline content was twofold in fibrotic liver and threefold in cirrhotic liver when compared to normal liver, while the sum of desmosine and isodesmosine increased threefold and sixfold, respectively. Elastin content is low in normal liver when compared to collagen but appears to grow much faster in diseased liver.
Carotid ultrasound in children: a window to arterial ageing (2008)

Inflammation and proteolytic processes play an important role in the progression of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. The goal of this study was to describe bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) protein pattern of CF patients in comparison to controls and to assess if there is proteolytic degradation of surfactant protein A (SP-A), an important innate host defence component of the lungs. BALFs from 17 clinically stable CF patients and from eight healthy children were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Silver staining was used to show BALF proteins and Western blotting to detect SP-A isoforms. In CF, BALF proteins of a low molecular weight ≤20 kD were more abundant than in controls. Various proteins were seen in CF which were not present in controls and <i>vice versa</i>. Degradation of SP-A was present in 15 of 17 CF BALFs but in none of the controls, in contrast polymeric isoforms were seen in all controls and in four of 17 CF patients. Proteolytic damage to surfactant protein A and significant changes of normal bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins occur in lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Identification of altered bronchoalveolar lavage fluid proteins may give new insights into pathogenic mechanisms and provide new targets for therapy.
INTRODUCTION - Flow Through Porous Media (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINTRODUCTION - Flow Through Porous MediaRichard J. NungeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1969, 61, 9, 9Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50717a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50717a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views290Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Study on Freezing Point and Melting Point at Sn Fix Point (2000)

The characteristics of Sn fox point are introduced.The freering point and melting point of stannum are compared and the operation procedures and anplecations.
Development Of An English Grammar Checker (1991)

In order to leave more time for EFL teachers to work on higher-level re-writing tasks, we decided to develop a computer grammar checker. The first stage of development was devoted to error analysis of 125 writing samples collected from our students. We found 1659 errors and classified them into 14 main types and 93 subtypes. The analysis served as the basis for constructing a taxonomy of mistakes and ranking the categories according to frequency of occurrence and comprehensibility. To implement the grammar checker, we first built a small electronic dictionary with 1402 word stems and necessary features, and designed a suffix processor to accommodate morpho-syntactic variants of each word stem. We then constructed an ATN parser, equipped with phrase structure rules and error patterns. In addition, a set of disambiguating rules for multiple word categories was designed to eliminate unlikely categories and thus increase the parser's efficiency. The current implementation detects seven types of errors and provides corresponding feedback messages. Future research will be focused on detecting more types of mistakes with greater precision and on providing appropriate editing strategies.
‘Sizanga’. (1995)

Este texto aborda alguns aspectos de ‘Sizanga’ (Bosque Sagrado), aparato social dos Senufo, sociedade negro-africana, e das relações que estabelece no universo das práticas históricas, revelando formas de percepção e organização da realidade segundo valores originários definidores da identidade profunda dessa civilização.
Genesis of embryonic stem cells (2003)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are permanent pluripotent stem cell lines established from pre-implantation mouse embryos. There is currently great interest in the potential therapeutic applications of analogous cells derived from human embryos. The isolation of ES cells is commonly presented as a straightforward transfer of cells in the early embryo into culture. In reality, however, continuous expansion of pluripotent cells does not occur in vivo, and in vitro is the exception rather than the norm. Both genetic and epigenetic factors influence the ability to derive ES cells. We have tracked the expression of a key marker and determinant of pluripotency, the transcription factor Oct-4, in primary cultures of mouse epiblasts and used this to assay the effect of experimental manipulations on the maintenance of a pluripotent cell compartment. We find that expression of Oct-4 is often lost prior to overt cytodifferentiation of the epiblast. The rate and extent of Oct-4 extinction varies with genetic background. We report that treatment with the MAP kinase/ERK kinase inhibitor PD98059, which suppresses activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases Erk1 and Erk2, results in increased persistence of Oct-4-expressing cells. Oct-4 expression is also relatively sustained in cultures of diapause embryos and of isolated inner cell masses. Combination of all three conditions allowed the derivation of germline-competent ES cells from the normally refractory CBA mouse strain. These findings suggest that the genesis of an ES cell is a relatively complex process requiring epigenetic modulation of key gene expression over a brief time-window. Procedures that extend this time-window and/or directly regulate the critical genes should increase the efficiency of ES cell derivation.
Time reversal duality and the synthesis of a double class E DC-DC converter (2002)

The principle of time reversal duality is introduced and applied to DC-DC power converters. Elementary inverters and rectifiers are time reversal duals of each other. When coupled together by a reactive matching network, a DC-DC converter whose properties are determined largely by the matching network is formed. This approach has application in the analysis and syntheses of PWM (pulse width modulation), resonant, quasi-resonant, and multiresonant converters. It is used here to synthesize a Cuk converter, and a double class E DC-DC power converter in which the switch and diode both operate in class E. The converter is ideally lossless for any DC load including open and short circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Density gradient columns for chemical displays (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDemoNEXTDensity gradient columns for chemical displaysWilliam B. Guenther Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1986, 63, 2, 148Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1986Published inissue 1 February 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ed063p148RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The microRNA regulation of stem cells (2011)

The miRNA pathway, as a fundamental mechanism of gene regulation, plays a key role in controlling the establishment, self-renewal, and differentiation of stem cells. Such regulation is manifested as fine-tuning the temporal- and tissue-specificity of gene expression. This fine-tuning function is achieved by (1) miRNAs form positive and negative feedback loops with transcription factors and epigenetic factors to exert concerted control of given biological processes; and/or (2) different miRNAs converge to control one or more mRNA targets in a signaling pathway. These regulatory mechanisms are found in embryonic stem cells, iPS cells, and adult tissue stem cells. The distinct expression profiles of miRNAs and their regulatory roles in various types of stem cells render these RNAs potentially effective tools for clinical diagnosis and therapy.
Females experience a more severe disease course in batten disease (2011)

Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (JNCL; CLN3 disease; Batten disease) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease of childhood. Symptoms typically present at school age with vision loss followed by progressive cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, seizures, and behavior problems. Studies on sex differences in JNCL have yielded mixed results, but parent anecdotes suggest that females experience a more precipitous disease course. Therefore, we sought to determine if sex-based differences exist in JNCL. We used data from the Unified Batten Disease Rating Scale (UBDRS), the Batten Disease Support and Research Association (BDSRA) database, and the PedsQL quality of life (QoL) survey to evaluate sex-based differences in functional independence and time from symptom onset to death. On average, females had JNCL symptom onset one year later and death one year earlier than did males. Despite a later age at onset, females had lower functional capability, earlier loss of independent function, and lower physical QoL. Future research in sex differences in JNCL may help to further understand the biological mechanisms underpinning the disease course and may point to targeted therapies.
Curcumin inhibits cell proliferation by interfering with the cell cycle and inducing apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. (2000)

It has been reported that curcumin (diferuloylmethane) could inhibit growth of several types of malignant cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of its action is unknown. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of curcumin on human colon carcinoma cell (Lovo) growth and its mechanism of action in vitro by means of growth assay, colony formation assay, MTT assay, cell cycle and apoptosis analysis. Curcumin inhibited cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. The ability of Lovo cells treated with curcumin to form colonies was depressed. MTT test showed that curcumin was cytotoxic to cells. Lovo cells treated with curcumin were largely accumulated in S, G2/M phase which prevented cells from entering the next cell cycle. Apoptosis induced by curcumin was confirmed by characteristic ladders and cellular morphological changes. Curcumin can inhibit Lovo cells growth and the cellular mechanism responsible for the action is to arrest the cell cycle in S, G2/M phase and to induce apoptotic cell death.
Measurement of folate (2011)

Paraffin sections of retinal tissue from five patients who died from the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and retinopathy were examined by in situ hybridisation experiments with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) labelled with sulphur-35 of lentivirus, human T lymphotropic virus type III/lymphadenopathy associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV), and cytomegalovirus. HTLV-III/LAV ribonucleic acid (RNA) was not detected in any of the tissue sections. Cytomegalovirus RNA was identified, however, in three of the five patients. Retinopathy induced by cytomegalovirus may thus be one of the many syndromes potentiated by the immunosuppression caused by HTLV-III/LAV.
[Evaluation of the method for early pregnancy factor detection (EPF) in swine. Significance in early pregnancy diagnosis]. (1992)

Early pregnancy factor (EPF) is a protein detected in the serum of pregnant females in most mammals, before implantation of the embryo; its activity is detected by the rosette inhibition test (RIT). After preincubation of lymphocytes in serum of non-pregnant pigs, the mean titre of RIT was 10.80 +/- 0.32. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval was calculated to be 11.44. Therefore, all titres 12 were defined indicating the presence of EPF activity. The incubation of lymphocytes in serum of pregnancy caused a significant increase in the mean rosette inhibition titre, raising it to 19.88 +/- 1.13 (p < 0.001). False negative results were obtained for 10% of pregnant pigs. EPF positive activity was detected in only one non-pregnant pig (RIT = 20). This assay is not quantitative nor suitable for pregnancy diagnosis taking into account RIT values dispersion.
IEEE Power Engineering Society (2001)

The author describes how the realization of global climate change mitigation requires the availability of renewable resources, lower renewable technology costs, government support and society acceptance of renewable energy alternatives.