gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooling Dairy Cattle by a Combination of Sprinkling and Forced Ventilation and Its Implementation in the Shelter System (1986)

A method for cooling dairy cattle based on repeated wetting to attain maximal water trapping in the coat, followed by its rapid evaporation by using forced ventilation has been examined. Effects examined include duration of wetting, duration of cooling, and density of the animals in the holding area. The coat was wetted by inverted static sprinklers. Also examined was the extent to which the diurnal increase in rectal temperature can be prevented. The maximal decrement of temperature was attained at 30 min after cessation of cooling in all trials. Wetting the coat for 10 s was less effective than for 20 or 30 s; the latter did not differ in their effects. Cooling animals for 15, 30, and 45 min produced decrements in temperature of .6, .7, and 1.0 degrees C, respectively. Maintaining animals at a density of 1.9 m2/cow in the holding area reduced to about half the decrement as compared with a density of 3.5 m2/cow. When cows were cooled 5 times per day for 30 min, temperatures were maintained within 38.2 to 38.9 degrees C during the day, which were significantly lower than for those not cooled.
Oral Findings and Salivary Parameters in Children with Celiac Disease: A Preliminary Study (2011)

CD appeared to be associated with a significantly higher prevalence of developing enamel defects and RAS, but a lower prevalence of salivary mutans streptococci and lactobacilli colonization, and the diagnosis of these oral manifestations might be helpful for an early diagnosis of CD.
Dual-sensor OBC technology (1997)

Before the invention and successful implementation of the towed streamer in the late 1940s, the ocean-bottom cable (OBC) method, and variations thereof, represented our only means for acquiring seismic data in marine areas. The marine streamer facilitated more rapid acquisition of 2-D data. Its widespread adoption relegated OBC to shallow waters where streamers could not be towed.
Fast proximity effect correction method using a pattern area density map (1992)

This article proposes a new method for proximity effect correction that utilizes newly developed hardware. The correction algorithm modifies the exposure dose for each exposure point by referring to a pattern area density map. The only additional process in this method is virtual exposure to make the map. The virtual exposure is carried out once at the first use of the large-scale integration circuit pattern and can be processed in only 30 s. The pattern area density map makes it possible to correct the proximity effect from the lower-level patterns by the new map calculated from the two maps of lower level and exposing level. The usefulness of this method is verified by experiments using model patterns.
Therapeutic approaches to epileptogenesis—Hope on the horizon (2010)

Prevention of epileptogenesis is an unmet need in medicine. During the last 3 years, however, several preclinical studies have demonstrated remarkable favorable effects of novel treatments on genetic and acquired epileptogenesis. These include the use of immunosuppressants and treatments that modify cellular adhesion, proliferation, and/or plasticity. In addition, the use of antiepileptic drugs in rats with genetic epilepsy or proconvulsants in acquired epilepsy models has provided somewhat unexpected favorable effects. This review summarizes these studies, and introduces some caveats when interpreting the data. In particular, the effect of genetic background, the severity of epileptogenic insult, the method and duration of seizure monitoring, and size of animal population are discussed. Furthermore, a novel scheme for defining epileptogenesis-related terms is presented.
Space-time adaptive processing for over-the-horizon spread-Doppler clutter mitigation (2002)

We address the problem of mitigating spread-Doppler distortion in over-the-horizon (OTH) HF radar returns, caused by motion of electron density irregularities in the ionosphere. For targets with significant radial velocity, discrimination from surface clutter is possible in Doppler space. However, this scheme breaks down in the presence of moving perturbations in the refracting ionosphere, which can cause Doppler spreading of the surface clutter ridge, limiting detection performance, These ionospheric irregularities should be highly correlated in the direction of geomagnetic field lines. We exploit this correlation across range by using neighboring range cells to estimate the spread-Doppler clutter (SDC) in the range cell of interest, and to selectively suppress this clutter, thereby increasing target visibility. For targets directly obscured in Doppler by clutter we enhance target visibility by employing a single additional spatial channel to act as a sidelobe canceler on the main beam.
Associating search and navigation behavior through log analysis (2005)

Abstract We report on a study that was undertaken to better understand search and navigation behavior by exploiting the close association between the process underlying users' query submission and the navigational trails emanating from query clickthroughs. To our knowledge, there has been little research towards bridging the gap between these two important processes pertaining to users' online information searching activity. Based on log data obtained from a search and navigation documentation system called AutoDoc , we propose a model of user search sessions and provide analysis on users' link or clickthrough selection behavior, reformulation activities, and search strategy patterns. We also conducted a simple user study to gauge users' perceptions of their information seeking activity when interacting with the system. The results obtained show that analyzing both the query submissions and navigation starting from query clickthrough, reveals much more interesting patterns than analyzing these two processes independently. On average, AutoDoc users submitted only one query per search session and entered approximately two query terms. Specifically, our results show how AutoDoc users are more inclined to submit new queries or resubmit modified queries than to navigate by link‐following. We also show that users' behavior within this search system can be approximated by Zipf's Law distribution.
Internal model of commercial bank as an instrument for measuring credit risk of the borrower in relation to financial performance (credit scoring and bankruptcy models) (2011)

Commercial banks generally use different methods and procedures for managing credit risk. The internal rating method in which the client has an important position in the process of granting credit provides a comprehensive assessment of client creditworthiness. The aim of this article is to analyze selected theoretical, methodological and practical aspects of internal rating models of commercial banks within the context of models that measures financial performance and to make a comparison of results of real - rating models which are used in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The results of the chosen credit scoring and bankruptcy methods on selected companies from segments of small and medium-sized companies are presented.
Translation and International Professional Communication: Building Bridges and Strengthening Skills (2015)

The globalization, the diversification, and the fast mobility of today's marketsaiming to serve as many heterogeneous settings and audiences as possible-have posited a growing need for high quality products and optimal performance in nearly all areas of everyday life.Specialists in communication play an important, albeit often hidden, role in these processes.Translators and other international professional communicators operate as mediators to facilitate understanding across global and local contexts through diverse communication channels.In Translation G oes to the Movies (2009), Michael Cronin sets out from the premise that "translation always implies that there is something to be articulated, a message to be communicated, and a context that facilities communication" (2009, p. 61).Translating today often involves several agents with different roles, responsibilities and skills.This entails creative work, various innovative procedures, and collaborative networks in highly technological, distributed environments.All these agents can be seen as text producers with an
Seismic Reflection Images of the Major Ore-Controlling Structures in the Eastern Goldfields Province, Western Australia (1993)

Gold mineralisation in the Eastern Goldfields Province of the Yilgarn Block, Western Australia, is associated with shear zones within the greenstone supracrustal succession. Regional shear zones are imaged in seismic reflection sections as bands of strong reflections. Although individual wavelets within the bands of reflections can only be correlated over small distances, the bands of reflections can be correlated over tens of kilometres. The Bardoc Shear, adjacent to which considerable mineralisation has been found, dips west and links with the Ida Fault, which forms the boundary between the Eastern Goldfields Province and the Southern Cross Province farther west. The Ida Fault dips east at about 40°, and can be traced from the surface to about 27 km depth. Bands of reflections within the upper and middle crust have a similar seismic signature to the Ida Fault, Bardoc Shear Zone and the basal detachment of the greenstones, and are therefore Interpreted as shear zones. Interpreted shear zones in the upper crust under the greenstones mostly dip west. Shear zones in the lower crust dip east. The upper crust east of the Ida Fault and below the Bardoc Shear is an exception. There, east-dipping shear zones, including the Ida Fault, are interpreted to extend from the lower crust into the upper crust, thereby providing a simple plumbing system for mineralising fluids migrating from the lower crust, into the Bardoc Shear, and then to high levels in the greenstones.
Short-Wavelength Technology and the Potential For Distributed Networks of Small Radar Systems (2009)

Dense networks of small radars-unlike today's large installations-can defeat Earth curvature blockage, thus providing more low-altitude data and meeting the diverse needs of end users.
Wide-band voltage-controlled and current-controlled resistance circuits (1981)

ABSTRACT Negative resistance conversion circuits that have both a voltage-controlled mode and a current-controlled mode in the same circuit are proposed. The circuits have wide band capability and accurately convert a given resistance to a corresponding negative resistance with exactly the same magnitude. The accuracy of the circuits is also high over the entire dynamic range.
A Clinical and Biochemical Study of Galactosaemia: A Possible Explanation of the Nature of the Biochemical Lesion (1956)

to be non-fermentable sugar. By this time the weight loss was 20 oz. and the liver had enlarged yet further to three fingers below the costal margin. The child was once again put on glucose saline feeds with 'casilan'. On June 23, when the child was 16 days old, the diagnosis of galactosaemia was made.
Communication Architecture Synthesis of Cascaded Bus Matrix (2007)

For high frequency on-chip communication architecture design, we propose cascaded bus matrix-based solutions. Due to the huge design space in cascaded bus matrix design, it is crucial to perform an efficient design space exploration. In our work, we present a simulated annealing-based design space exploration method. For an efficient representation of bus topology, we propose an encoding method called traffic group encoding and apply it to AMBA3 AXI-based bus system design. In addition, we propose a method of two-step simulated annealing to improve the quality of results. Experimental results show that the proposed methods allow designing complex communication architectures (ones with up to 31 masters and 71 slaves) with high frequency constraints to which existing methods could not give solutions.
Insect-mediated transmission of mixed and reassorted cucumovirus genomic RNAs (1992)

Transmissions of virus using the aphid Myzus persicae were performed using plants co-infected with two cucumoviruses, tomato aspermy virus (V-TAV) and cucumber mosaic virus (M-CMV). Five of the aphid-transmitted progeny viruses (3.7%) induced symptoms distinct from those induced by either parental virus. Northern blot hybridization analysis of encapsidated RNAs from these novel progeny demonstrated that all of the RNA profiles were characteristic of pseudo-recombinants, i.e. viruses with reassorted genomic RNAs. The two larger RNAs, 1 and 2, originated from V-TAV, whereas RNA 3 was derived from M-CMV. A more sensitive RNase protection assay analysis of both unencapsidated and encapsidated RNAs revealed the presence of minor populations of V-TAV-derived RNA 3 in all of these novel progeny, and of M-CMV-derived RNA 1 (and presumably RNA 2) in one of the progeny. A bias against the encapsidation of the minor populations of RNAs by the M-CMV coat protein was observed, suggesting that there is specificity or competition with regard to the encapsidation of cucumoviral RNAs in vivo. This study demonstrates that insect vectors can mediate the establishment of pseudorecombinants with mixed populations of RNA 3.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> evaluation of free radical scavenging potential of <i>Cissus quadrangularis</i> (2006)

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of the methanolic extract of Cissus quadrangularis (CQE) against free radical damage. The test extract exhibited significant inhibition in DPPH free radical formation, superoxide radical production and lipid peroxide production in erythrocytes. The activities of liver marker enzymes and antioxidant defense enzymes in rat liver homogenate were assessed in control and experimental animals. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) caused a significant increase in aspartate aminotransaminase (AST) and alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reduced glutathione (GSH), which was reverted by CQE pretreatment. The results obtained suggest that CQE showed inhibition of lipid peroxidation, free radical production and increase in antioxidant enzymes activities, which reveal its antioxidant property. It can be concluded that the free radical scavenging activity of the plant extract may be responsible for the therapeutic action against tissue damage. Keywords: free radicals, In vitro, Cissus quadrangularis, CCl4, antioxidant activity African Journal of Biomedical Research Vol. 8(2) 2005: 95-99
The Economics of Two-Sided Markets (2009)

Broadly speaking, a two-sided market is one in which 1) two sets of agents interact through an intermediary or platform, and 2) the decisions of each set of agents affects the outcomes of the other set of agents, typically through an externality. In the case of a video game system, the intermediary is the console producer—Sony in the scenario above—while the two sets of agents are consumers and video game developers. Neither consumers nor game developers will be interested in the PlayStation if the other party is not. Similarly, a successful payment card requires both consumer usage and merchant acceptance, where both consumers and merchants value each others' participation. Many more products fit into this paradigm, such as search engines, newspapers, and almost any advertiser-supported media (examples in which consumers typically negatively value, rather than positively value, the participation of the other side), as well as most software or title-based operating systems and consumer electronics. This paper seeks to explain what two-sided markets are and why they interest economists. I discuss the strategies that firms typically consider, and I highlight a number of puzzling outcomes from the perspective of the economics of two-sided markets. Finally, I consider the implications for public policy, particularly antitrust and regulatory policy, where there have been a number of recent issues involving media, computer operating systems, and payment cards.
Critical current of a long Josephson junction in the presence of a perturbing Abrikosov vortex (1998)

We investigate theoretically how the proximity of an Abrikosov vortex influences the physical properties of a long Josephson junction. We find that $\ensuremath{\delta}{I}_{c},$ the contribution to the critical current associated with the presence of the vortex, is generally positive (the critical current is increased) and is crucially dependent on the specific boundary conditions satisfied by the transport current. In the case in which the latter has a bulk component in the vicinity of the vortex, $\ensuremath{\delta}{I}_{c}$ is proportional to the coupling $\ensuremath{\psi}$ between the vortex and the junction. The situation is however more complex when the transport current is purely a surface phenomenon. In this case $\ensuremath{\delta}{I}_{c}$ strongly depends on the distance between the vortex and the edges of the junction, and is in general much smaller than that of the bulk current case unless a special commensurability condition is met. In particular we show that a contribution to $\ensuremath{\delta}{I}_{c}$ proportional to $\ensuremath{\psi}$ is obtained in this case only when an integer number of Josephson vortices can be accommodated between the location of the vortex and one of the edges of the junction.
The Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor attenuates acute lung injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion in mice (2018)

Lung ischemia and reperfusion injury (LIRI) were mediated by several processes including over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory activation. ROS generated by nicotinamide adenine dinucletide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) may play a pivotal role in pathophysiological changes in a range of disease. However, it was poorly understood in LIRI. Thus, the purpose of our study was to explore whether GKT137831, as a special dual inhibitor of Nox1 and 4, could alleviate LIRI in mice model and explore the minimal dose. According to the protocol, this study was divided into two parts. The first part was to determine the minimal dose of Nox1/4 inhibitor in attenuating LIRI via histopathology and apoptosis analysis. Eighteen C57BL/6J male wild-type mice were randomly divided in to sham, 2.5Nox+sham, 5.0Nox+sham, IR, 2.5Nox+IR and 5.0Nox+IR groups. According to the different group, mice were pretreated with corresponding dose of Nox1/4 inhibitors or normal saline. After LIRI, the results showed 5.0mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor could be considered as the minimal dose to alleviate injury by decreasing of lung injury score and the number of TUNEL-positive cells. The second part was to further verify the benefit of 5.0mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor in lung protective effects. Thirty-seven C57BL/6J male wild-type mice were divided in to sham, IR and 5.0Nox+IR groups randomly. The results showed that expressions of inflammatory, autophagy cytokines were markedly elevated and PH value was declined after LIRI. However, 5.0 mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor significantly attenuated cytokine production as reflected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and Q-PCR analysis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that 5.0mg/kg Nox1/4 inhibitor contributed to protect lung tissue damage after LIRI via the suppression of inflammatory and autophagy activation.
Relationship between the dipole moment and rate of absorption of drugs. (1979)

Ten drugs were measured for the rate of buccal absorption and examined for the relationships between the rate constant for absorption and molecular physicochemical parameters. On the ground of the results the molecular dipole moment seems to provide more reliable information on the rate constant of buccal absorption than does the water-lipid partition coefficient or the diffusion constant. Additional perfusion studies on isolated gut were also performed in some cases. A mathematical model was developed for the calculation of the rate constants for those cases in which pH of the system changes linearly with the logarithm of time.
The current status of research on Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Mainland China (2012)

since the Red Imported Fire Ant Solenopsis invicta was found in late 2004 in Mainland China, researchers have paid much attention to this new invasive species. Here we summarise a series of studies on this serious invasive pest, including research on reproductive biology and ecology, ecosystem impacts, quarantine techniques, potential distribution and risk of spread, besides monitoring and management techniques. To date, S. invicta has been found in five provinces in South China and has the potential to spread further north, not only by natural dispersal but also by human transportation. The total S. invicta population increases greatly in spring and autumn, and causes serious ecological impacts because of its high population density in south China. Besides quarantine techniques intended to prevent the fire ant from further dispersal, chemical control has been the main management method until a more effective biological control agent is found. In some areas control strategies have achieved promising results.
Correlation of visually evoked intrinsic optical signals and electroretinograms recorded from chicken retina with a combined functional optical coherence tomography and electroretinography system (2012)

Visually evoked fast intrinsic optical signals (IOSs) were recorded for the first time in vivo from all layers of healthy chicken retina by using a combined functional optical coherence tomography (fOCT) and electroretinography (ERG) system. The fast IOSs were observed to develop within ∼5 ms from the on-set of the visual stimulus, whereas slow IOSs were measured up to 1 s later. The visually evoked IOSs and ERG traces were recorded simultaneously, and a clear correlation was observed between them. The ability to measure visually evoked fast IOSs non-invasively and in vivo from individual retinal layers could significantly improve the understanding of the complex communication between different retinal cell types in healthy and diseased retinas.
Active noise control: piezoceramic actuators in fluid/structure interaction models (2002)

A model for a 2D acoustic cavity with a flexible boundary (a beam) controlled via piezoceramic patches producing bending moments in the beam is considered. The associated control problem for this fluid/structure interaction system to reduce the acoustic pressure in the cavity involves unbounded control inputs. Approximation methods in the context of an LQR state space formulation are discussed, and numerical results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in computing feedback controls for noise reduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>