gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The LiCl-KCl binary system (2008)

Liquidus temperatures in the LiCl-KCl system in the composition range from 0 to 100 mol % KCl have been measured for 16 samples using the methods of oscillation phase analysis and thermal analysis. The melting points of the components and the eutectic composition of the system have been refined.
THE ACTION OF ELEDOISIN ON THE SYSTEMIC ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE OF SOME EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS (1963)

The blood pressure response following parenteral administration of eledoisin varies conspicuously from one animal species to another. In the dog the polypeptide elicits a clear hypotension under all experimental conditions. Eledoisin is active at extremely low dose levels and hypotension is not appreciably affected by previous treatment with atropine, sympatholytic drugs, ganglion-blocking agents or reserpine. Eledoisin potently antagonizes the pressor effects of catechol amines and of angiotensin. Longlasting hypotension can be obtained by intravenous infusion or subcutaneous injection of the polypeptide. The mechanism of action of eledoisin in the dog is believed to be chiefly peripheral. The rabbit, the guinea-pig and the cat behave like the dog in the type but not in the intensity of their blood-pressure response to eledoisin. The rat gives variable responses to the polypeptide. After treatment with a ganglion-blocking drug, or in the pithed rat, a rise in blood pressure is the predominant effect. In the anaesthetized chicken eledoisin generally produces a diphasic response, but in the decapitated animal only hypertension. This last effect is believed to depend largely, if not entirely, on the release of catechol amines from body stores. The dog blood pressure may be used for the assay of eledoisin; suitable results may also be obtained from the pressor effects in decapitated chickens.
Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook. Volume 5. Supplement XI. Nonferrous Alloys (1978)

Abstract : This nickel-base alloy, containing large additions of aluminum and titanium, achieves very high strength at elevated temperature. It has thus received considerable attention for application in components of high performance jet engines such as turbine blades, vanes and nozzles, and even integral turbine wheels. Because of the large quantities of strengthening elements included in the composition, the alloy is not hot worked, and is therefore used in the as-cast condition. Recently, however, there has been considerable development of a powder metallurgy product which permits working of the alloy. At high temperatures the powder-consolidated product becomes superplastic, thus opening many possibilities in fabrication-to-shape of wrought complex components.
Integrated pest management: principles and practice (2012)

1. History, overview and principles of ecologically-based pest management 2. Integrated pest management for sustainable agriculture 3. Pest monitoring and forewarning 4. Conservation and augmentation of natural enemies 5. Biotechnological and molecular approaches in management of insect pests and diseases of crop plants 6. Botanicals in pest management 7. Biopesticides in ecologically-based integrated pest management 8. Entomopathogenic nematodes for insect control and slug-parasitic nematodes in integrated pest management systems 9. Microbial control of crop pests using entomopathogenic fungi 10. Microbial control of crop pests using insect viruses 11. Biological control of weeds with plant pathogens: classical and bioherbicide approaches 12. Virus-transmitting insect vectors and their management 13. Effect of pesticides on non target sites with reference to soil ecosystem 14. Integrated pest management in stored grains 15. Role of integrated pest management in food and nutritional security 16. Role of information technology in pest management 17. Challenges and opportunities for integrated pest management in urban landscapes.
Analysis of equilateral triangle semiconductor microlasers with rough sidewalls (2002)

The mode frequencies and quality factors are calculated for the equilateral triangle semiconductor microlasers with sinusoidal and random Gaussian sidewalls. The results show that the modes can still have high Q-factors.
Water implications of large-scale land acquisitions in Ghana (2012)

This paper examines the water dimensions of recent large-scale land acquisitions for biofuel production in the Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo and Northern regions of Ghana. Using secondary sources of data complemented by individual and group interviews, the paper reveals an almost universal lack of consideration of the implications of large-scale land deals for crop water requirements, the ecological functions of freshwater ecosystems and water rights of local smallholder farmers and other users. It documents the factors responsible for this apparent oversight including the multiplicity of land and water governance systems, sharp sectoral boundaries between land and water policies, property rights and institutions, outdated statutes, poorly resourced and ineffective regulatory agencies, and unequal power relations in land acquisition deals. The paper shows that due to a lack of an approach that jointly considers land and water management policies and institutions in acceding to large-scale land deals, the benefits derived by local people were insufficient to cover the involuntary permanent loss of their water rights and livelihoods and the risks posed to ecosystem services. Options for establishing alternative institutional arrangements that will allow water availability, use and management as well as social and environmental standards to be factored, ex ante, into large-scale land deals are explored. The paper offers recommendations which can help the government to achieve its stated objective of developing a "policy framework and guidelines for large-scale land acquisitions by both local and foreign investors for biofuels that will protect the interests of investors and the welfare of Ghanaian farmers and landowners".
Contemporary Methods for Peptide and Protein Synthesis (2001)

This review describes current methods for peptide and protein syntheses, largely from a strategic point of view. The solid phase method is useful for the rapid preparation of peptides. Two major synthetic strategies have been adopted by this method, namely, the Boc and Fmoc strategies. At the final stage of the Boc solid phase method, a protected peptide resin is treated with a strong acid to obtain a free peptide. On the other hand, in the Fmoc solid phase method, a free peptide is obtained by treating a protected peptide resin with a weak acid. Both solid phase methods are quite useful for the preparation of peptides with molecular weights in the vicinity of five thousand. Ligation methods were developed to overcome the molecular weight barrier existing in a solid phase method. Building blocks used for ligation are prepared by the solid phase method, or more recently by biological methods. All the current ligation methods that produce a native peptide bond use peptide C terminal thiocarboxylic acids or thioesters as building blocks. Blake et al. developed a selective activation method of the C terminal carbonyl group by the combination of thiocarboxylic acid and silver ions. Based on this approach, a thioester method was developed, in which partially protected peptide thioesters are used as building blocks. Subsequently, a new ligation method was developed using peptide thioesters, in which protecting group is no longer necessary. The discovery of protein splicing phenomenon added a biological route to the preparation of peptide thioesters. A partially protected peptides segment can be also derived from an expressed peptide segment. Polypeptides with a molecular weight of more than 10 thousand can be routinely synthesized. Keywords: Contemporary methods, peptide and protein, Solid phase method, Synthetic methodology, Boc Chemistry, Butyloxycarbonyl groups, Peptide chain elongation, amino acid, Coupling reagent, Fmoc, diketopiperadine, Inter chain aggregation, Ligation method, Chemoenzematic, Subtiligase, Thiocarboxyl Segment, Leu resin in DMF, thioester moiety, Native Chemical, mercaptoethanol, Splicing mechanism, Src kinase, NMR technique, Denaturation folding step, Dixon method
An Underwater Image Enhancement Algorithm for Environment Recognition and Robot Navigation (2018)

There are many tasks that require clear and easily recognizable images in the field of underwater robotics and marine science, such as underwater target detection and identification of robot navigation and obstacle avoidance. However, water turbidity makes the underwater image quality too low to recognize. This paper proposes the use of the dark channel prior model for underwater environment recognition, in which underwater reflection models are used to obtain enhanced images. The proposed approach achieves very good performance and multi-scene robustness by combining the dark channel prior model with the underwater diffuse model. The experimental results are given to show the effectiveness of the dark channel prior model in underwater scenarios.
Role of reactive oxygen species in cell signalling pathways (2001)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were originally thought to only be released by phagocytic cells during their role in host defence. It is now clear that ROS have a cell signalling role in many biological systems, both in animals and in plants. ROS induce programmed cell death or necrosis, induce or suppress the expression of many genes, and activate cell signalling cascades, such as those involving mitogen-activated protein kinases.
Inhibition of adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc by (20R)-20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3 beta,20-diol. (1983)

The effects of the cholesterol analogue, (20R)-20-phenyl-5-pregnene-3 beta,20-diol (20-PPD), on the catalytic and spectral properties of purified bovine adrenocortical cytochrome P-450scc were investigated. In contrast to results with cholesterol and (20R)-20-hydroxycholesterol, no conversion of 20-PPD to pregnenolone could be detected; instead, 20-PPD was found to be a potent inhibitor of cytochrome P-450scc. Kinetic analyses showed that the inhibition is reversible and competitive with respect to cholesterol with an apparent Ki = 30nM. Spectral binding studies with ferricytochrome P-450scc showed that 20-PPD formed a 1:1 complex with the enzyme, having an absorption spectrum similar to that produced by (20R)-20-hydroxycholesterol. These results indicate that 20-PPD binds with very high affinity to the substrate site on cytochrome P-450scc. The finding that the phenyl side chain is readily accommodated suggests the presence in this site of an open pocket which may be normally occupied by C-22 to C-27 of the cholesterol side chain.
Quadrants dynamic histogram equalization for contrast enhancement (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a histogram equalization (HE)-based technique, called quadrant dynamic histogram equalization (QDHE), for digital images captured from consumer electronic devices. Initially, the proposed QDHE algorithm separates the histogram into four (quadrant) sub-histograms based on the median of the input image. Then, the resultant sub-histograms are clipped according to the mean of intensity occurrence of input image before new dynamic range is assigned to each sub-histogram. Finally, each sub-histogram is equalized. Based on extensive simulation results, the QDHE method outperforms some methods existing in literature, which can be considered as state-of-the-arts, by producing clearer enhanced images without any intensity saturation, noise amplification, and over-enhancement. Furthermore, image details of the processed image are well preserved and highlighted. For this reason, the proposed QDHE algorithm is suitable for images captured in low-light environments - an unavoidable situation by many consumer electronics products such as camera devices in cell phone <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Nearly Optimal Pricing for Multiproduct Firms (2006)

In principle, a multiproduct firm can set separate prices for all possible bundled combinations of its products (i.e., bundling). However, this is impractical for firms with more than a few products, because the number of prices increases exponentially with the number of products. In this study we show that simple pricing strategies are often nearly optimal -- i.e., with surprisingly few prices a firm can obtain 99% of the profit that would be earned by mixed bundling. Specifically, we show that bundle-size pricing -- setting prices that depend only on the size of bundle purchased -- tends to be more profitable than offering the individual products priced separately, and tends to closely approximate the profits from mixed bundling. These findings are based on an array of numerical experiments covering a broad range of demand and cost scenarios, as well as an empirical analysis of the pricing problem for an 8-product firm (a theater company).
Afatinib (BIBW-2992): a novel dual EGFR/HER2neu inhibitor with promising activity in non-small-cell lung cancer (2010)

Background: CD8+ T cells may play an important role in protecting against HIV.However, the changes of CD8+ T cell subsets during early period of ART have not been fully studied.Methods: Twenty-one asymptomatic treatment-naive HIV-infected patients with CD4 T+ cells less than 350 cells/μl were enrolled in the study.Naïve, central memory(CM), effective memory(EM) and terminally differentiated effector (EMRA) CD8+ cell subsets and their activation and proliferation subsets were evaluated in blood samples collected at base line, and week 2, 4, 8 and 12 of ART. Results:The total CD8+ T cells declined and the Naïve and CM subsets had a tendency of increase.Activation levels of all CD8+ T cell subsets except EMRA subset decreased after ART.However, proliferation levels of total CD8+ T cells, EMRA, EM and CM subsets increased at the first 4 weeks of ART, then decreased.Proliferation level of the naïve cells decreased after ART. Conclusion:The changes of CD8+ T cell subsets during initial ART are complex.Our results display a complete phenotypical picture of CD8+ cell subsets during initial ART and provide insights for understanding of immune status during ART.
Cultured neonatal schwann cells contain and secrete neuregulins (1996)

Neuregulins have become the focus of intense research due to their putative roles in the etiology of certain cancers and to their evolving roles in PNS and CNS development. Evidence has been presented that neuregulins are present in neuronal cells where they act as mediators of neuron-glial signaling. Consistent with this view, we now report that there is a dramatic differential response of Schwann cells to the two major isoforms of neu differentiation factor (NDF alpha and NDF beta). NDF beta is a potent mitogen, whereas NDF alpha is nonmitogenic for Schwann cells. In addition, we report that Schwann cells contain endogenous NDF as well as the mRNA for both isoforms of NDF. Evidence is also presented that several isoforms of NDF are released from cultured Schwann cells. Our data suggest that in addition to functioning as a neuron-glial mediator, endogenous neuregulins may function in an autocrine/paracrine loop or in a juxtacrine- (cell-to-cell) mediated signal between individual Schwann cells or between Schwann cells and neurons.
Eukaryotic DNA repair: Glimpses through the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1991)

Eukaryotic cells are able to mount several genetically complex cellular responses to DNA damage. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a genetically well characterized organism that is also amenable to molecular and biochemical studies. Hence, this organism has provided a useful and informative model for dissecting the biochemistry and molecular biology of DNA repair in eukaryotes.
Druid: a system for demonstrational rapid user interface development (1990)

Article Druid: a system for demonstrational rapid user interface development Share on Authors: Gurminder Singh Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511 Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511View Profile , Chun Hong Kok Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511 Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511View Profile , Teng Ye Ngan Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511 Institute of Systems Science, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore 0511View Profile Authors Info & Claims UIST '90: Proceedings of the 3rd annual ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on User interface software and technologyAugust 1990 Pages 167–177https://doi.org/10.1145/97924.97943Online:01 August 1990Publication History 35citation401DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations35Total Downloads401Last 12 Months29Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Energy absorption for a truck-front bumper bar (1996)

Abstract This paper reports on an experimental investigation aimed at reducing the injury associated with head-on collisions between passenger vehicles and trucks, or other heavy vehicles. Full-scale truck-to-car crash tests were performed using a prototype energy absorbing underride-resisting bumper bar system, at impact speeds ranging from 56 to 100 km/h. The system consists of a rigid barrier attached to the chassis by four telescopic struts incorporating ball joints at each end, making the assembly a pin-jointed mechanism. Energy absorption is via the plastic deformation of thinwall steel tubing undergoing inversion and buckling. The properties of the steel tubes were determined in quasi-static and dynamic tests at 30 km/h and 80 km/h. No strain rate sensitivity was detected in these tests. The results were therefore used to estimate the energy absorbed by the truck bumper bar system under full-scale test collisions. From these initial tests it can be concluded that with suitable energy absorbing and underride-resisting truck bumper bars it is possible to significantly reduce the severity of head-on collisions.
[Pressure wave reflections and central blood pressure in treated hypertensive subjects]. (2011)

In chronically treated hypertensive individuals, tight blood pressure control would be effective in reducing the reflection wave and central BP. Antihypertensive treatment strategies with more beneficial effects on arterial properties are needed.
Scalar horn with shaped lens improves Cassegrain efficiency (1984)

It is shown that the aperture efficiency of a classical Cassegrain antenna can be considerably improved if the radiation pattern of the feed is optimally shaped. The corresponding optimum field distribution Over the aperture of the feed consists of a circular main lobe which is surrounded by concentric sidelobe rings. This optimum field distribution with one sidelobe ring included is realized by shaping of a dielectric lens which is positioned in the aperture of a corrugated horn antenna. The design can provide a theoretical aperture efficiency of 90.5 percent when subreflector diffraction and aperture shadowing are neglected, i.e., an improvement of 0.4 dB compared to an optimum conventional feed. Measurements of a model at 22.8 GHz gave a practical result of 85.6 percent. If the model is used to feed a 30 m radiotelescope the overall antenna efficiency becomes about 71 percent.
The 1998 survey of Rhizophora species in Micronesia: Report to the USDA Forest Service, Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry, Honolulu (1999)

Haploid embryonic stem cells (ESCs), which combine the properties of haploidy and pluripotency, hold significant potential for advancing developmental biology and reproductive technology. However, while previous research has largely focused on haploid ESCs in freshwater species like Japanese medaka (<i>Oryzias latipes</i>), little is known about their counterparts in marine species. This study hypothesizes that haploid ESCs from marine fish could offer unique insights and tools for genetic and virological research. To address this, we successfully established and characterized a novel haploid ESC line, hMMES1, derived from marine medaka (<i>Oryzias melastigma</i>). The hMMES1 cells contain 24 chromosomes, exhibit core stem cell characteristics, and express key pluripotency markers. In vitro, hMMES1 cells form embryonic bodies (EBs) capable of differentiating into the three germ layers. In vivo, hMMES1 cells were successfully transplanted into marine medaka and zebrafish, resulting in the generation of interspecies and interordinal chimeras. Additionally, hMMES1 cells demonstrate high efficiency in transfection and transduction, and show susceptibility to major aquaculture viruses, nodavirus (NNV) and iridovirus (SGIV). These findings suggest that hMMES1 cells represent a valuable model for genetic manipulation and virological studies in marine fish species.
Protection against ionising radiation and synergism with thiols by zinc aspartate (1986)

Pre-treatment with zinc aspartate protected mice against the lethal effects of radiation and raised the LD50 from 8 Gy to 12.2 Gy. Zinc chloride and zinc sulphate were clearly less active. The radioprotective effect of zinc aspartate was equivalent to cysteamine and slightly inferior to S,2-aminoethylisothiourea (AET). Zinc aspartate displayed a similar therapeutic index to the thiols but could be applied at an earlier time before irradiation. Synergistic effects occurred with the combined administration of zinc aspartate and thiols. By giving zinc aspartate with cysteamine, the LD50 was increased to 13.25 Gy and, by combining it in the optimal protocol with AET, to 17.3 Gy. The radioprotection by zinc and its synergism with thiols is explained by the stabilisation of thiols through the formation of zinc complexes.
Device-associated infection rates in intensive care units in El Salvador: International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) Findings (2011)

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the rate of device-associated, health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), the excess in length of stay, the mortality, and the hand hygiene compliance in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and a neonatal ICU (NICU) in a hospital member of the International Infection Control Consortium (INICC) in El Salvador. Methodology: A prospective cohort, active DA-HAI surveillance study was conducted on patients admitted in the pediatric and neonatal ICUs from January 2007 to November 2009. The protocol and methodology implemented were developed by INICC. Data were collected in the participating ICUs, and analyzed at INICC headquarters by proprietary software. DA-HAI rates were recorded by applying the definitions of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network. Results: Of 1,145 patients hospitalized in the PICU for 9,517 days, 177 acquired DA-HAIs (overall rate 15.5%), and 18.6 DA-HAIs per 1,000 ICU-days. Furthermore, 1,270 patients hospitalized in the NICU for 30,663 days acquired 302 DA-HAIs (overall rate 23.8%), and 9.8 DA-HAIs per 1,000 ICU-days. The central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLA-BSI) rates in the NICU and PICU were 9.9 and 10.0 per 1,000 catheter-days respectively. The ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate was 16.1 per 1,000 ventilator-days in the NICU and 12.1 in the PICU.The catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate was 5.8 per 1,000 catheter-days in the PICU. Conclusions: DA-HAI rates in the PICU and NICU of our hospital were higher than international standards; infection control programs including surveillance and antibiotic policies must be a priority in El Salvador.