gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 2′‐Fluoromaltose: Synthesis and Properties of 4‐O‐(2‐Deoxy‐2‐Fluoro‐α‐D‐glucopyra‐nosyl)‐D‐glucopyranose and the Crystal Structure of 2,3‐Di‐O‐acetyl‐1,6‐anhydro‐4‐O‐(3,4‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl)‐β‐D‐glucopyranose. (1985)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Fluoriden (Ia) und (Ib) werden die Bromide (IIa) und (IIb) dargestellt und mit der Anhydroglucose (III) zu den α‐glykosidisch verknüpften Disacchariden (IV) umgesetzt.
Loudspeaker Analysis: A Radar Based Approach (2019)

Recently, radar based micro-Doppler signature analysis has been successfully applied in various sectors including defence, biomedical, and automotive. This article presents the novel use of radar micro-Doppler for loudspeaker analysis. The approach offers the potential benefits of characterizing the mechanical motion of a loudspeaker in order to identify defects and design issues. Compared with acoustic based approaches, the use of radar allows reliable measurements in an acoustically noisy end of a production line. In addition, when compared with a laser vibrometric approach, the use of radar micro-Doppler reduces the number of measurements required and provides direct access to the information of the metallic components of the loudspeaker. In the paper experimental results and analysis of the micro-Doppler signatures of loudspeakers using low cost radar systems are presented. Based on Thiele&Small parameters, the voice coil displacement is modelled and micro-Doppler signatures for a single tone and a sine sweep stimulus are presented. Furthermore, in order to characterize the speaker with a single radar measurement, a methodology to measure mechanical frequency response of loudspeakers is also shown.
Effect of occlusal splints on the EMG activity of masseter and temporal muscles in bruxism with clinical symptoms (1982)

An electromyographic study of the masseter and anterior temporal muscles was performed on fifteen bruxism patients with clinical symptoms such as muscle pain, fatigue and tenderness. The slopes of the voltage tension (V/T) curves (calculated as the value of the relative inclination between the integrated electromyogram and the biting force) were compared before and after treatment with an occlusal splint. Following use of the splint, the steep slopes of the V/T curves, common in bruxism, became gentle and similar to those of healthy subjects. The difference found in the slopes of different types of bruxism (grinding, clenching, grinding and clenching) might be useful as a diagnostic tool. Follow-up recording of the slopes was considered to be a useful indicator of treatment effectiveness.
Fatigue behaviour of geometric features subjected to laser shock peening (2012)

The current paper reports selected findings from a major collaborative research programme conducted in the United Kingdom into the fundamental understanding of laser shock peening, when applied to key airframe and aero-engine alloys as a means of controlling fatigue performance.<br/><br/>It is recognised that relatively deep compressive residual stresses are generated into the surface of a material subjected to LSP which can subsequently resist fatigue crack initiation from that surface. However, it is clear that balancing tensile stress will evolve at some location within the material in order to satisfy equilibrium and under certain circumstances this can lead to sub-surface fatigue initiation. The distribution of the RS field will be highly dependent on LSP process parameters, the structural form and the precise mode and raster pattern of pulse application.<br/><br/>Finite element models will be described that predict the RS fields associated with LSP applied to the aerospace grade aluminium alloys Al 2024 and Al 7010 using an eigenstrain approach. Validation of these models is provided by laboratory fatigue experiments on test coupons containing different LSP patch geometries (full width or centre constrained), supplementary stress raising features (drilled holes) and different through thickness dimensions. Particular attention is paid to modelling the application of LSP at edge locations in terms of the angle of incidence and laser pulse sequencing. <br/><br/>Interactions between the LSP process and geometric features was found to be key to understanding the location for fatigue crack initiation. Particularly relevant for engineering application, was the fact that not all instances of LSP application provided an improvement in cyclic fatigue life.<br/>
Conditional generation of arbitrary single-mode quantum states of light by repeated photon subtractions (2005)

We propose a scheme for the conditional generation of arbitrary finite superpositions of Fock states in a single mode of a traveling optical field. The setup requires a source of squeezed vacuum states, beam splitters, strong coherent beams, photodetectors with single-photon sensitivity, and a final squeezer. If we want to generate a squeezed superposition of Fock states, which is sufficient in several applications, then the last squeezer is not even needed. The thrust of this method is that it achieves a high fidelity without requiring photodetectors with a high efficiency or a single-photon resolution. The possibility to improve its scaling by using a quantum memory is also discussed.
Investigation of La[sub 2]CuO[sub 4]∕YSZ∕Pt Potentiometric NO[sub x] Sensors with Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2007)

(LCO) powders were used to fabricate electrodes for solid-state potentiometric sensors [LCO∣yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ)∣Pt], and symmetrical Pt (Pt∣YSZ∣Pt) and (LCO∣YSZ∣LCO) cells. The impedances of the sensors and symmetrical cells were measured. Three phenomena were observed in the impedance spectra: ion conduction in the YSZ electrolyte, surface conduction on the electrode, and the electrochemical reaction of at the electrode/electrolyte/gas interface. The impedance associated with reduction/oxidation decreased in the presence of , NO, and , in contrast to the potentiometric response which increased in NO, decreased in , and was unaffected by changes in concentration. The impedance associated with surface conduction on the electrode was affected by NO and in much the same way as the previously reported potentiometric sensor response in terms of temperature and concentration dependencies providing evidence for an adsorption mechanism for the potentiometric response.
STRUCTURAL MECHANICS OF PLIED TWISTED STRUCTURES WITH PARTIAL FRICTIONAL CONSTRAINTS (1987)

This paper focuses on the structural mechanics of plied twisted structures with frictional constraints. In using the expression, partial frictional constraints, it is implied that frictional constraints are, in certain locations, sufficient to prevent relative motion between components of the plied twisted structure. In other locations, however, they are not. The discussion is limited to the case of tensile deformation, although it can be extended to bending or to twisting deformations, as well. The models proposed and developed may be applied to simple plied twisted yarns such as may be used in industrial fabrics or canvasses, to tire cords, or to string, cords, or ropes. The purpose is to understand the mechanical behavior of twisted ropes and to establish a basis for improvements in their design and performance.
Database for Streamflow and Sediment Flux of California Rivers. SIO Reference 98-9 (1998)

The database for a study of the effects of climate change on the sediment flux of 20 of the larger streams entering the sea from the coasts of central and southern California is presented here. The database includes selected rain fall records, streamflow, hydrographs, sediment flux, and a 92-year record of Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) which serves as an indication of climate change. Procedures for determining sediment flux from stream flow and for delineating climate trends in the data are also presented.
Thermal Requirements and Development of <I>Herpetogramma phaeopteralis</I> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Spilomelinae) (2012)

ABSTRACT The tropical sod webworm, Herpetogramma phaeopteralis Guenée is a major turfgrass pest in the southeastern United States. We evaluated larval development on five artificial diets and at six temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 32.5, 35 +/- 1 degree C) on St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walter) Kuntze). Only larvae fed St. Augustinegrass and soy-wheat germ diets completed their lifecycles. None of the artificial diets tested (corn-based, soy-wheat germ, corn cob-wheat germ, corn cob-soy flour, or pinto bean) were suitable for rearing this species, because of high mortality and slower developmental time. Total developmental time (oviposition to adult) on S. secundatum significantly decreased from 47.8 d at 20 degrees C to 21.1 d at 30 degrees C, and then increased to 32.6 d at 32.5 degrees C. Tropical sod webworm failed to complete larval development at 15 and 35 degrees C. The relationship between temperature and developmental rate was described using linear (common and polynomial) and nonlinear models (Briere-1, Briere-2, and Lactin-2). The estimated lower temperature thresholds using a linear model for eggs, first, second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth instars, prepupa, pupa, and total development were 10.1, 6.9, 12.3, 10.5, 15.3, 13.9, 9.1, 13.1, 12.0, and 13.1 degrees C, and the thermal constant of these stages were 62.9, 66.2, 38.2, 40.3, 24.9, 32.3, 51.9, 106.4, 109.9, and 370.4 degree-days, respectively. The Briere-1 model provided the best fit with estimated lower, upper, and optimum thresholds for total development of 14.9, 34.3, and 29.4 degrees C, respectively. The developmental requirements of H. phaeopteralis can be used to help predict the distribution and seasonal phenology of this pest.
CHIMA: A Hybrid Prefix/Host-Based Routing Approach for Scalable Micro Mobility Management in a Cellular Mobile Internet (2004)

This paper presents a mobility management scheme that combines host-based routing (HBR) with prefix routing to achieve balanced loading of network nodes in a distributed hierarchically arranged mobile IPv6 access network. This allows the higher-level nodes to be less loaded than in pure host based routing schemes, where the root node presents a capacity bottleneck to the system. As a result, this scheme achieves good savings in memory by reducing host-specific caches, and thus enhances network scalability. A direct consequence of reduced database entry is reduced processing latencies at the nodes, which reduces delay and improves on network performance. Our hybrid HBR scheme performs better than the pure HBR schemes in memory conservation and increased network capacity.
Achalasia and Diffuse Esophageal Spasm (1976)

Achalasia is a disorder of esophageal motility characterized clinically by progressive.dysphagia and regurgitation of previously ingested food. It is associated with distal obstruction to emptying in the absence of an identifiable organic lesion. This condition has been recognized since Thomas Willis orginally described the clinical features and performed the first esophageal dilation with a whale bone in the 17th century. <h3>Pathogenesis</h3> There are two main defects in achalasia: (1) obstruction at the esophagogastric junction, and (2) abnormal esophageal peristalsis. Obstruction was initially attributed to spasm of the cardia or lower esophageal sphincter (LES), and the condition was called "cardiospasm." Subsequently, uninfused manometric techniques revealed that the LES was not hypertensive, but showed absence of relaxation with swallowing, resulting in the term "achalasia," which literally means "failure of relaxation." With refinements in manometric techniques and use of slow infusion of fluid into recording catheters, it became apparent that there was some
Evolution of DNA-Binding Sites of a Floral Master Regulatory Transcription Factor (2015)

Flower development is controlled by the action of key regulatory transcription factors of the MADS-domain family. The function of these factors appears to be highly conserved among species based on mutant phenotypes. However, the conservation of their downstream processes is much less well understood, mostly because the evolutionary turnover and variation of their DNA-binding sites (BSs) among plant species have not yet been experimentally determined. Here, we performed comparative ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-seq experiments of the MADS-domain transcription factor SEPALLATA3 (SEP3) in two closely related Arabidopsis species: Arabidopsis thaliana and A. lyrata which have very similar floral organ morphology. We found that BS conservation is associated with DNA sequence conservation, the presence of the CArG-box BS motif and on the relative position of the BS to its potential target gene. Differences in genome size and structure can explain that SEP3 BSs in A. lyrata can be located more distantly to their potential target genes than their counterparts in A. thaliana. In A. lyrata, we identified transposition as a mechanism to generate novel SEP3 binding locations in the genome. Comparative gene expression analysis shows that the loss/gain of BSs is associated with a change in gene expression. In summary, this study investigates the evolutionary dynamics of DNA BSs of a floral key-regulatory transcription factor and explores factors affecting this phenomenon.
Gastric antisecretory activity of an acid stable H<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup> ATPase inhibitor, WY‐26,769 (1991)

Abstract WY‐26,769 (2‐3‐dihydro‐2‐(2‐pyridinyl) thiazolo‐[3,2‐a]benzimidazole) is a gastric antisecretory agent that acts by inhibiting the parietal cell proton pump. In vitro, WY‐26,769 was active against dbcAMP‐stimulated aminopyrine uptake in isolated parietal cells. Preincubating the drug with liver microsomal enzymes increased its potency 50 times, to an IC 50 of 6.8 μM. Wy‐26,769 and its oxidative metabolite Wy‐26,876 each inhibited the H + /K + ATPase (IC 50 = 42 μM and 18 μM, respectively). In whole animal studies, Wy‐26,769 inhibited histaminestimulated gastric acid secretion (ID 50 = 3 mg/kg) irrespective of whether Wy‐26,769 was administered orally or intravenously. Wy‐26,769 was not degraded in acid and also inhibited gastric acid secretion in the pylorus‐ligated rat. Wy‐26,769 was equiactive after oral or intravenous administration demonstrating that it is an acid stable proton pump inhibitor.
Impact of scale standardization on images of digital radiography systems. (1997)

Relevant diagnostic information may be lost when images are reduced in size. Therefore, for optimal presentation, the smaller images should be enlarged rather than the larger ones reduced.
Use of modified hydraulic fracturing techniques to stimulate tight gas sands bounded by weak barriers: A status report (1983)

Tight gas formations bounded by formations that are not barriers to vertical fracture migration, are not amenable to ''successful'' large stimulation treatments by hydraulic fracturing as practiced today. The objective of this paper is to present the preliminary findings of a project sponsored by the Gas Research Institute of Chicago and conducted by Terra Tek, Inc. of Salt Lake City and Chandler and Associates of Denver. The program is aimed towards developing technology that can provide deeply penetrating hydraulic fractures in formations lacking barriers to vertical migration. Three prospective techniques are being evaluated in the laboratory and in the field: fracture initiation placement (perforation placement), fracture packing with lightweight additives, and controlled process zone fracturing. Each of the techniques is being evaluated for feasibility in the laboratory. The program intends to validate and optimize the most effective technique or techniques in four new wells located in the North Douglas Creek Arch Field. Among the work reported in this paper are preliminary studies related to the development of the techniques, drilling, coring, drill stem testing, transient pressure testing, in-situ stress measurements, log analysis, and routine and special core testing.
Concept of Symbiotic Computing and its Agent-Based Application to a Ubiquitous Care-Support Service (2009)

In this paper, a concept of “symbiotic computing” is formalized to bridge gaps between Real Space (RS) and Digital Space (DS). Symbiotic computing is a post-ubiquitous computing model based on an agent-oriented computing model that introduces social heuristics and cognitive functions into DS to bridge the gaps. The symbiotic functions and agent-based architecture of symbiotic applications are also discussed. Based on the concept, functions, and architecture of symbiotic applications, we develop an agent-based care-support service to enable supervision of persons by their families and friends easily while protecting privacy. In this application system, a hierarchical structure of multi-agents is organized dynamically using heuristics in agents based on the situation of a watched person and watching persons. The system appropriately alters the contents and quality of the live video. The flexible system construction scheme using a multiagent framework facilitates the symbiosis of RS and DS by bridging the gaps in the care-support service domain.
A translational framework for peripheral nerve stimulating electrodes: Reviewing the journey from concept to clinic (2019)

The purpose of this review article is to describe the underlying methodology for successfully translating novel interfaces for electrical modulation of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) from basic design concepts to clinical applications and chronic human use. Despite advances in technologies to communicate directly with the nervous system, the pathway to clinical translation for most neural interfaces is not clear. FDA guidelines provide information on necessary evidence which should be generated and submitted to allow the agency evaluate safety and efficacy of a new medical device. However, a knowledge gap exists on translating neural interfaces from pre-clinical studies into the clinical domain. Our article is intended to inform the field on some of the key considerations for such a transition process specific to neural interfaces that may not be already covered by FDA guidances. This framework focuses on non-penetrating peripheral nerve stimulating electrodes that have been proven effective for motor and sensory neural prostheses and successfully transitioned from pre-clinical through first-in-human and chronic clinical deployment. We discuss the challenges of moving these neural interfaces along the translational continuum and ultimately through FDA approval for human feasibility studies. Specifically, we describe a translational process involving: quantitative human anatomy, neural modeling and simulation, acute intraoperative testing and verification, clinical demonstration with temporary percutaneous access, and finally chronic clinical deployment and functional performance. To clarify and demonstrate the importance of each step of this translational framework, we present case studies from electrodes developed at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), specifically the spiral cuff, the Flat Interface Nerve Electrode (FINE), and the Composite FINE (C-FINE). In addition, we demonstrate that success along this translational pathway can be further expedited by: appropriate selection of well-characterized materials, validation of fabrication and sterilization protocols, well-implemented quality control measures, and quantification of impact on neural structure, health, and function. The issues and approaches identified in this review for the peripheral nervous system may also serve to accelerate the dissemination of any new neural interface into clinical practice, and consequently advance the performance, utility, and clinical value of new neural prostheses or neuromodulation systems.
Concentration Accuracy of Compounded Mitomycin C for Ophthalmic Surgery (2015)

Common compounding and storage techniques for MMC resulted in a lower accuracy and wider range of concentration than expected. These differences in concentration may result from compounding techniques and/or MMC degradation. Variability in MMC concentration could cause inconsistency in glaucoma surgical results, but the clinical relevance of such findings on glaucoma surgery outcomes remains unknown.
Preliminary Economics of Black Liquor Gasifier/Gas Turbine Cogeneration at Pulp and Paper Mills (2000)

Black liquor, the lignin-rich byproduct of kraft pulp production, is burned in boiler/steam turbine cogeneration systems at pulp mills today to provide heat and power for onsite use. Black liquor gasification technologies under development would enable this fuel to be used in gas turbines. This paper reports preliminary economics of 100-MWe scale integrated black-liquor gasifier/combined cycles using alternative commercially proposed gasifier designs. The economics are based on detailed full-load performance modeling and on capital, operating and maintenance costs developed in collaboration with engineers at Bechtel Corporation and Stone & Webster Engineering. Comparisons with conventional boiler/steam turbine systems are included. [S0742-4795(00)00402-6]
CLAM: Cross-Layer Management of Adaptation Decisions for Service-Based Applications (2011)

Adaptation of service-based applications (SBA) is not trivial in their heterogeneous and dynamic execution context. While different approaches exist, most of them focus on a specific part of the SBA ignoring the overall impact of the adaptation on the whole application. In this paper we propose a cross-layer adaptation manager (CLAM) that tackles this problem.
Some Observation on the Flow Properties of Suspensions and Emulsions (1966)

Observation has been made of some solid-liquid suspensions and liquid-liquid dispersions in respect of their flow properties using capillary flow viscometer and co-axial cylindrical viscometer.The resulting flow curves will properly be recognized as generalized Newtonian flow or the so-called Ostwald flow, because the flow curve has initially shown Newtonian behavior, followed by non-Newtonian, and concluded by Newtonian pattern. These characteristics can be seen in Fig. 3.In the chemical engineering, the plots of the friction factor f to the Reynold's number Re are utilized to detect the occurrence of turbulence.In the non-Newtonian regions, these plots deviate from the linearity law as shown in Fig. 5. This deviation is, in the view of the author, to be used as well to detect non-Newtonian behavior in the flow properties of the suspensions or emulsions.The detection of the turbulence in the flow from the deviation in the linear relation in the plots of f:Re curves, is based on the occurrence of the abrupt change in the flow profiles. Non-Newtonian flow properties of the suspensions and emulsions are observed at the points of the occurrence of the abrupt change in the flow units, as this change in the flow units is followed by the change of the flow profiles. This deviation from the linear relation can be utilized to detect non-Newtonian behavior.
An argument for simple COMA (2002)

We present design details and some initial performance results of a novel scalable shared memory multiprocessor architecture. This architecture features the automatic data migration and replication capabilities of cache-only memory architecture (COMA) machines, without the accompanying hardware complexity. A software layer manages cache space allocation at a page-granularity-similarly to distributed virtual shared memory (DVSM) systems, leaving simpler hardware to maintain shared memory coherence at a cache line granularity. By reducing the hardware complexity, the machine cost and development time are reduced. We call the resulting hybrid hardware and software multiprocessor architecture Simple COMA. Preliminary results indicate that the performance of Simple COMA is comparable to that of more complex contemporary all hardware designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide over Supported Cobalt Catalyst (Part 1) (1983)

シリカゲルを担体とするコバルト触媒を用いて一酸化炭素の水素化反応を行った。担体•担持率および反応条件について検討を行った。反応の主生成物はメタンであり, 直鎖のパラフィンも比較的多く生成した。