gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological Studies on Patients with Schizophrenia in Taiwan: A Compilation of Literature (2012)

Our Taiwan psychiatrists have actively studied pharmacotherapy in patients with schizophrenia. A compilation of lileration on this topic to gain an overview of pharmacological studies of schizophrenia in Taiwan is useful for psychiatrists in Taiwan to get quick and handy references. I identified Science Citation Index (SCI)-papers with the electronic search on the key words ”antipsychotic,” ”schizophrenia,” and ”Taiwan” in PubMed (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed). These articles were identified and annotated into 10 categories: (A) efficacy studies, including randomized double blind comparative studies, randomized single blind comparative studies, and open trials; (B) dose tuning; (C) augmentation therapy; (D) pharamcokinetic studies; (E) cognitive function; (F) prognosis; (G) side effects; (H) pharmaco-epidemiology; (I) pharmaco-economics; (J) pharmaco-genetics. Many Taiwan studies have offered empirical results of pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia in Taiwan. Besides clozapine, which is superior in efficacy, most studies showed comparable efficacy in treating schizophrenia among the different antipsychotic drugs, but with different side effect profiles. Many studies on monitoring and managing the side effects offered important references. The reports on dose tuning, augmentation with pharmacokinetic interaction, combination therapy or NMDA augmentation offered empirical evidence for clinical applications. The pharmaco-genetic studies showed evidence of genetic markers to predict efficacy and side effects in our Taiwan patients, trying to achieve the goal of individualized pharmacotherapy. But more studies are required to validate the results. The studies on cognition, clinical outcomes, pharmaco-economics are still limited in number. These studies have offered empirical results of pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia in Taiwan, and will be the basis for the development of the Taiwan consensus of pharmacological treatment for schizophrenia.
Research in Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Syndromes: (1993)

Objectives: To evaluate the current status of fibromyalgia syndrome [FMS] and myofascial pain syndrome [MPS], including methodological and statistical problems, and suggest future directions for research. Results: A number of well designed controlled studies in FMS have been most helpful for a better understanding of this disorder in recent years, while a lack of validated criteria has hampered meaningful research in MPS. Methodological and statistical errors published articles are common in both MPS and FMS. Conclusions: Based on current status of knowledge and problems, several suggestions are made for future research. MPS urgently needs a set of reliable and valid criteria. Aberrant central pain mechanisms may be the most important pathophysiological basis of both conditions and should be fully investigated in future studies.
Electron-electron interactions and doping dependence of the two-phonon Raman intensity in graphene (2009)

Raman spectroscopy is a fast and nondestructive means to characterize graphene samples. In particular, the Raman spectra are strongly affected by doping. While the resulting change in position and width of the $G$ peak can be explained by the nonadiabatic Kohn anomaly at $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$, the significant doping dependence of the $2D$ peak intensity has not been understood yet. Here we show that this is due to a combination of electron-phonon and electron-electron scattering. Under full resonance, the photogenerated electron-hole pairs can scatter not just with phonons but also with doping-induced electrons or holes, and this changes the intensity. We explain the doping dependence and show how it can be used to determine the corresponding electron-phonon coupling. This is higher than predicted by density-functional theory, as a consequence of renormalization by Coulomb interactions.
Biological insights from multi-omic analysis of 31 genomic risk loci for adult hearing difficulty (2020)

Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), one of the most common medical conditions, is strongly heritable, yet its genetic causes remain largely unknown. We conducted a meta-analysis of GWAS summary statistics from multiple hearing-related traits in the UK Biobank (n = up to 330,759) and identified 31 genome-wide significant risk loci for self-reported hearing difficulty (p < 5x10-8), of which eight have not been reported previously in the peer-reviewed literature. We investigated the regulatory and cell specific expression for these loci by generating mRNA-seq, ATAC-seq, and single-cell RNA-seq from cells in the mouse cochlea. Risk-associated genes were most strongly enriched for expression in cochlear epithelial cells, as well as for genes related to sensory perception and known Mendelian deafness genes, supporting their relevance to auditory function. Regions of the human genome homologous to open chromatin in epithelial cells from the mouse were strongly enriched for heritable risk for hearing difficulty, even after adjusting for baseline effects of evolutionary conservation and cell-type non-specific regulatory regions. Epigenomic and statistical fine-mapping most strongly supported 50 putative risk genes. Of these, 39 were expressed robustly in mouse cochlea and 16 were enriched specifically in sensory hair cells. These results reveal new risk loci and risk genes for hearing difficulty and suggest an important role for altered gene regulation in the cochlear sensory epithelium.
The Effect of Lactate Concentration on the Handgrip Strength During Judo Bouts (2011)

Judo is a combat sport in which the athletes attempt to hold and control their adversary through gripping techniques (kumi-kata) to apply opportune throwing techniques (nage-waza). Twelve male judo athletes, representing national teams, were recruited to investigate the changes in the maximal isometric strength in both hands before (pre) and after (post) 4 judo bouts and its relationship with the maximal blood lactic acid concentration. The subjects performed a maximal isometric contraction with each hand immediately before and after each bout. A blood sample was taken at 1, 3, and 14 minutes after each bout, and the lactic acid concentration was determined. An overall effect of the successive bouts on the maximal isometric handgrip strength of prebouts was observed for both hands (p < 0.05) but not in that of postbouts (p > 0.05). The dominant hand showed an overall decrease in the maximal isometric strength because of the bout, with the decrease being significant for the first, third, and fourth bouts (p < 0.05). The nondominant hand only showed a significant decrease in the first prebout and postbout (p < 0.05). We observed an inverse relationship between the maximal isometric handgrip strength of postbouts and maximum lactic acid concentration (Lacmax), and between the maximal isometric handgrip strength of postbouts and the lactic acid concentration at minute 14 of the recovery period (Lac14) (p < 0.05). These results show that successive judo bouts significantly reduce the maximal isometric strength of both hands and may suggest that fatigue of each hand depends on different factors. An enhanced understanding of the behavior of the isometric handgrip strength, and the factors that affect grip fatigue during judo bouts in the dominant and nondominant hands, can aid coaches in developing optimal training and exercise interventions that are aimed at mitigating decreases in the capacity of judo athletes to perform a grip.
Learning DOM Trees of Web Pages by Subpath Kernel and Detecting Fake e-Commerce Sites (2021)

The subpath kernel is a class of positive definite kernels defined over trees, which has the following advantages for the purposes of classification, regression and clustering: it can be incorporated into a variety of powerful kernel machines including SVM; It is invariant whether input trees are ordered or unordered; It can be computed by significantly fast linear-time algorithms; And, finally, its excellent learning performance has been proven through intensive experiments in the literature. In this paper, we leverage recent advances in tree kernels to solve real problems. As an example, we apply our method to the problem of detecting fake e-commerce sites. Although the problem is similar to phishing site detection, the fact that mimicking existing authentic sites is harmful for fake e-commerce sites marks a clear difference between these two problems. We focus on fake e-commerce site detection for three reasons: e-commerce fraud is a real problem that companies and law enforcement have been cooperating to solve; Inefficiency hampers existing approaches because datasets tend to be large, while subpath kernel learning overcomes these performance challenges; And we offer increased resiliency against attempts to subvert existing detection methods through incorporating robust features that adversaries cannot change: the DOM-trees of web-sites. Our real-world results are remarkable: our method has exhibited accuracy as high as 0.998 when training SVM with 1000 instances and evaluating accuracy for almost 7000 independent instances. Its generalization efficiency is also excellent: with only 100 training instances, the accuracy score reached 0.996.
Improvement of flatness of optical frequency comb based on nonlinear effect of intensity modulator (2011)

Optical frequency comb (OFC) generated using cascaded intensity and phase modulators was experimentally demonstrated. Very flat OFC can be achieved by cascading intensity and phase modulators driven directly by sinusoidal waveform, where chirped fiber Bragg grating or specially tailored radio frequency waveforms are not required. It is found that the spectral flatness of OFC is related to direct current (DC) bias of intensity modulator and the optimum ratio of DC bias to half-wave voltage is 0.35. In the experiment, 15 comb lines within 1 dB spectral power variation are obtained at 10 GHz microwave frequency. The experimental results agree well with the simulation.
Influence of luteinizing hormone support on granulosa cells transcriptome in cattle (2017)

In cows, the use of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to stimulate follicular growth followed by a short period of FSH withdrawal has been shown to be beneficial for oocyte developmental competence. Although this treatment represents a useful optimization to generate highly competent oocytes, the underlying physiological process is not completely understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of luteinizing hormone (LH) action during FSH withdrawal before ovulation. To accomplish this, LH release was pharmacologically inhibited during the coasting period with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists. Granulosa cells samples were obtained from cows stimulated with FSH during 3 days followed by a coasting period of 68 h and treated with a GnRH antagonist (cetrorelix group) or not (control). A significant reduction in the number of follicles at >10 mm diameter was observed with the cetrorelix group and gene expression of granulosa cells reveals that 747 transcripts are potentially regulated by LH. Further analysis indicates how the absence of LH may trigger early atresia, the upregulation of atretic agent as tumor protein P53 and transforming growth factor β1 and the inhibition of growth support. This work allows identification of genes that are associated with maintained follicular growth and conversely the ones leading to atresia in dominant pre-ovulatory follicles.
Earthquake magnitude, intensity, energy, and acceleration* (1942)

Summary The paper investigates the principal physical elements of earthquakes: the magnitude M, energy E, intensity I, acceleration a, and their relation to the depth h and radius of perceptibility r. (r2 + h2 = R2. Subscript zero (0) refers to the epicenter.) Equations log ⁡ a = I 3 − 1 2 and A D 2 T 2 = constant (A = ground amplitude, T = period, D = hypocentral distance for a given shock) are established empirically for California shocks. Equation (9) holds very generally, and offers a basis for a more accurate definition of I, like that suggested by Cancani. Equation (4) is here used very generally at short distances; but it is approximate only, may differ regionally, and bridges over the probably discontinuous transition of the maximum acceleration from S̄ to some other transverse wave, with increasing distance. However, consequences derived from (4) nowhere conflict seriously with observation. The instrumental earthquake-magnitude scale has been extended to cover short distances. The results enter into an empirical relation M = 2.2 + 1.8 log ⁡ a 0 from which and (9) follows M = 1.3 + 0.6 I 0 These two equations are established and verified for the California region; they should also hold in other regions of similar structure for earthquakes originating at about the same depth (which is roughly 18 km.). The simplest possible assumptions (constant velocity, negligible absorption, sinusoidal waves) lead to the general equation log ⁡ E = 14.9 + 2 log ⁡ h + log ⁡ t 0 + 2 log ⁡ T 0 + 2 log ⁡ a 0 (t0 = duration, T0 = period, of sinusoidal wave train at the epicenter). Equations (27), (9), and (4) give the generally applicable results a 0 h 2 = a D 2 = a r R 2 I 1 − I 2 = 6 log ⁡ D 2 D 1 I 0 − 1.5 = 6 log ⁡ R h ar, the minimum perceptible acceleration, is approximately 1 gal. For shocks at the usual depth in California log ⁡ E = 11.3 + 1.8 M For other depths, and probably for other regions, log ⁡ E = 9.5 + 3.2 log ⁡ h + 1.1 I 0 log ⁡ E = 11.1 + 6.4 log ⁡ R − 3.2 log ⁡ h A summary of the physical elements for shocks in California is given in table 10. Equation (13) is used to calculate apparent depths for earthquakes in the United States and Europe. The results tend to confirm the relatively shallow origin of shocks on the Pacific Coast compared with those occurring elsewhere, particularly under the Canadian Shield, the central Mississippi Valley, and the southern Appalachians.
Overview and Evaluation of Constraint Validation Approaches in Java (2007)

Integrity is a dependability attribute partially ensured through runtime validation of integrity constraints. A wide range of different constraint validation approaches exists-ranging from simple if conditions over explicit constraint validation methods and contract specifications to constraints as first class runtime entities of an application. However, increased support for explicitness and flexibility often comes at the price of increased performance costs. To address this issue, we contribute with an overview and evaluation of different constraint validation approaches for the Java programming language with respect to implementation, maintainability and performance. Our results show that the benefits of some of the more advanced approaches are certainly worth their costs by introducing a runtime overhead of only two to ten times the runtime of the fastest approach while other approaches introduce runtime overheads of more than 100, which might be simply too slow in certain applications.
FeedbackBypass: A New Approach to Interactive Similarity Query Processing (2001)

Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Biblioteca Centrale - P.le Aldo Moro, 7 , Rome / CNR - Consiglio Nazionale delle Richerche
Benefits of Community Involvement at the School Level (2002)

I would like to begin by providing a context that can be used to place my discussion about experiences at a remote school in the Northern Territory (NT) into perspective. In the NT 53% of schools are located in remote areas and these cater for up to 23% of NT students (Combe, 2000). The NT has the highest proportion of Indigenous students enrolled in schools with 35.2% of the overall student population identifying as Indigenous Australian (Collins, 1999). The next closest state is Western Australia with an Indigenous student enrollment average of 5.1 %, this is compared with a national average of 3.2%.
Induction of Apoptosis by Calcium D-Glucarate in 7,12-Dimethyl Benz [a] Anthracene-Exposed Mouse Skin (2007)

Calcium glucarate (Cag), a naturally occurring nontoxic compound, suppresses the DMBA-induced tumor development in mouse skin. In the process of understanding the mechanisms of tumor suppression by Cag, we investigated the effect of topical application of Cag on selective and critical events of apoptotic pathway in DMBA-exposed mouse epidermis. Varied doses of DMBA or Cag were used for the study. DMBA had an inhibitory effect on proteases in general and on caspases in particular. Cag tried to reverse the inhibitory effect of DMBA on 3, 8, or 9 caspase in a dose-dependent manner. Cag inhibited activity of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase enzyme, a substrate of caspses, after DMBA exposure. As indicated by western blotting, Cag treatment also inhibited PARP expression induced by DMBA at the level of protein. Cag induced the DMBA-inhibited Ca++/Mg++-dependent endonuclease, an enzyme responsible for the DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. DMBA induced the expression of mutant-p53 and Bcl-2. This induced expression of proteins was reversed when Cag was given along with DMBA. Cag showed a dose-dependent inhibition of DMBA-induced mutant-p53 expression. Similarly Bcl-2 overexpression by DMBA was also inhibited by topical treatment of Cag when given along with DMBA. Inhibition of mutant-p53 and Bcl-2 expression by Cag in DMBA-exposed mouse skin might contribute to the apoptogenic effect possibly exerted by Cag while suppressing the tumor development. The study indicates that Cag induces apoptosis in mouse epidermis, a possible mechanism for tumor suppression, and thus could be considered a promising anticancer agent.
Preparation of CoZn-ferrite thin films and their magneto-optic properties (1987)

Transparent Co-ferrite and CoZn-ferrite thin films were prepared using a vacuum evaporation followed by a heat treatment. The Faraday rotation and absorption spectra of the films were measured and the difference was discussed considering the preferential occupation of Zn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ions on the tetrahedral sites in the spinel structure[1]. Apparent differences were observed in the Faraday rotation and absorption spectra in the wavelength ranges from 600nm to 800nm and 1400nm to 1800nm. The Faraday rotation spectrum of Co-ferrite was compared with that of Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> doped GdIG[2], and the similarity of the profile of the -θ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</inf> of Co-ferrite and that of the θ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</inf> of Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> doped GdIG was pointed out. It is suggested that the difference in the sign of θ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</inf> is based on the different polarity of the magnetic moments of the Co <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ions on the tetrahedral sites in both structures.
Programmable Logic: PLDs and FPGAs (1997)

This book will appeal to students and practitioners of electronic engineering who wish to gain a good understanding and knowledge of modern digital system design using hardware description languages and programmable logic components. A survey of the majority of modern PLD and FPGA architectures is provided, together with advice on how to design for migration of designs from one technology to another, combined with information on how to obtain the most reliable and testable designs. Many of the designs are complete and consist of tested programs and simulations. There are practical problems related to the concepts discussed in each chapter for the reader to solve. Each chapter also contains a list of relevant articles, books and data manuals. There are two valuable appendices and a glossary
Technical correspondence (1987)

I would like to mention that the main results of the paper "A Locally Adaptive Data Compression Scheme" by Bentley, Sleator, Tarjan, and Wei [l] coincides with many of the results of my paper "Data Compression by Means of a 'Book Stack"' [3].
A survey on the composition of mineral water and identification of natural mineral water (2002)

Abstract The inorganic composition of about sixty mineral water samples from different sources were analysed using standard methods. Some of the analytes were found to not comply with international guidelines for drinking water and may not be suitable for babies and people suffering from heart or kidney diseases. The composition of natural mineral waters was also compared with those of the respective tap waters, using surface water at source as raw material. The silica content was found to be a useful indicator for the authenticity of natural mineral water and to distinguish them from surface water.
A modified tape transfer approach for rapidly preparing high-quality cryosections of undecalcified adult rodent bones (2020)

Our research provides a rapid, affordable, and easy learning method for preparing high-quality undecalcified bone sections that can be potentially used for accurate diagnosis of various bone disorders and evaluation of the efficacy of different therapies in the treatment of these diseases.
Automated Digital Terrain Elevation Modification By Procedural Generation Approach (2019)

Creative content requires a lot of human resources. Computational creativity gets more attention as computational resources are getting fast enough to quickly create automated content with enough precision and similarity to human-created digital assets. Paper explores terrain generation methods and proposes a different solution to generate mountains. A landscape is created using voxel-based cubes and the base map is modified using generation agents. Vertical points are extended and filled using arithmetic operations between arrays for each vertical point. Height normalization is applied to remove rare mountain elevation layers.
A fluorogenic probe for β-galactosidase activity imaging in living cells (2013)

A cell permeable fluorescence turn-on probe, AcGQCy7, was developed to image β-galactosidase activity in living cells. Once internalized by β-galactosidase-expressing cells, the probe was hydrolyzed into a highly fluorescent molecule, and the fluorescent signal was retained in mitochondria for several days. This resulted in a long-lasting and strong β-galactosidase-dependent intracellular fluorescent signal with little background fluorescence in the culture media.
Prevalence of medication administration errors in two medical units with automated prescription and dispensing (2011)

Medication administration errors persist in units with automated prescription and dispensing. We identified a need to improve nurses' working procedures and to implement a Clinical Decision Support tool that generates recommendations about scheduling according to dietary restrictions, preparation of medication before parenteral administration, and adequate infusion rates.
Lessons from the past (2001)

Deirdre Wild presents a timely lesson on the psychological impact of terrorism on clinicians