gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate constants for cyclizations of α-hydroxy radical clocks (2010)

The 1-hydroxy-1-methyl-6,6-diphenyl-5-hexenyl radical (4a) and the 1-hydroxy-1-methyl-7,7-diphenyl-6-heptenyl radical (4b) were prepared from the corresponding PTOC esters (anhydrides of a carboxylic acid and N-hydroxypyridine-2-thione). The key step in the synthetic method for the precursors was a coupling reaction of the respective carboxylic acids with the thiohydroxamic acid, which was conducted for ca. 5 min and followed rapidly by chromatography. Rate constants for cyclizations of radicals 4a and 4b in acetonitrile and in THF were measured directly between -30 and 60 °C by laser flash photolysis methods. The Arrhenius functions in acetonitrile are log k = 9.9-2.6/2.303RT and log k = 8.9-4.4/2.303RT (kcal mol(-1)) for 4a and 4b, respectively. Rate constants for cyclizations at room temperature of 9 × 10(7) s(-1) and 4 × 10(5) s(-1) are somewhat larger than the rate constants for cyclizations of analogous alkyl radicals. Crude rate constants at room temperature for H-atom trapping of 4a by thiophenol and 4b by t-butylthiol were k(T) = 1.2 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1) and k(T) = 2 × 10(7) M(-1) s(-1), respectively, which are modestly larger than rate constants for reactions of alkyl radicals with the same trapping agents.
Pore-Morphology-Based Simulation of Drainage in Porous Media Featuring a Locally Variable Contact Angle (2014)

Since the first publications by Hazlett (Transp Porous Med, 20:21–35, 1995) and Hilpert and Miller (Adv Water Res, 24:243–255, 2001), the pore-morphology-based method has been widely applied to determine the capillary pressure–saturation curves of porous media. The main advantage of the method is the simulation of a primary drainage process for large binary images using moderate computational time and memory compared to other two-phase flow simulations. Until now, the pore morphology model was restricted to totally wetting materials or those with a constant contact angle. Here, we introduce a similarly computationally efficient extension of the model that now enables the calculation of capillary pressure–saturation curves for porous media, where the contact angle varies locally within, due to a composite structure.
[Relations between the macrophage electrophoretic mobility test and the rhodanide level in patients with malignant tumors, autoaggression diseases and after transplantation]. (1975)

In patients with malignant tumors, autoaggression diseases and following transplantations the blood rhodanide level was found to increase; a correlation with the results of the MEM test was established.
Effects of exercise mode on muscle glycogen restorage during repeated days of exercise (1990)

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in muscle glycogen storage during three successive days of running or cycling. In a crossover design, seven male subjects performed two 3-d trials of either running (trial R) or cycling (trial C) for 60 min at 75% VO2max. Biopsy samples were obtained before and after each day's exercise from the gastrocnemius (trial R) or vastus lateralis (trial C) muscle. Diets in the 2 d preceding and during each trial contained 5 g carbohydrate.kg-1.d-1 and 14,475 +/- 402 kJ.d-1. Mean pre-exercise glycogen content (mmol.kg-1 wet wt.) was significantly reduced in both trials on day 3 (103.4 +/- 6.0) when compared to day 1 and day 2 (119.9 +/- 6.8 and 116.4 +/- 5.7, respectively). Day 1 glycogen reduction was significantly greater in trial C (P less than 0.03), and glycogen restorage was greater (P less than 0.02) only in trial C between the 1st and 2nd d. On day 3, spectrophotometric analysis of PAS strains showed that pre-exercise glycogen content in either muscle group was significantly (P less than 0.01) less in Type I as compared to Type II fibers. This difference in fiber glycogen storage did not appear to be attributable to muscle damage as negligible leukocyte infiltration and low blood CK levels were obtained. No difference between modes were observed for CK values throughout the trials. These data suggest that the depressed glycogen storage before the 3rd d of exercise was due to the moderate carbohydrate intake.
Computational Approaches for Investigating Base Flipping in Oligonucleotides (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputational Approaches for Investigating Base Flipping in Oligonucleotides†U. Deva Priyakumar and Alexander D. MacKerellView Author Information Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 Penn Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 2, 489–505Publication Date (Web):December 23, 2005Publication History Received29 April 2005Published online23 December 2005Published inissue 1 February 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr040475zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr040475zresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1264Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Acid and base chemistry,Cytosine,Genetics,Nucleic acid structure,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Effects of Arylene Diimide Thin Film Growth Conditions on n‐Channel OFET Performance (2008)

Abstract A series of eight perylene diimide (PDI)‐ and naphthalene diimide (NDI)‐based organic semiconductors was used to fabricate organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) on bare SiO 2 substrates, with the substrate temperature during film deposition ( T d ) varied from 70–130 °C. For the N,N ′‐ n ‐octyl materials that form highly ordered films, the mobility ( µ ) and current on‐off ratio ( I on / I off ) increase slightly from 70 to 90 °C, and remain relatively constant between 90 and 130 °C. I on / I off and µ of dibromo‐PDI‐based OFETs decrease with increasing T d , while films of N,N ′‐1 H ,1 H ‐perfluorobutyl dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI‐FCN 2 ) exhibit dramatic I on / I off and µ enhancements with increasing T d . Increased OFET mobility can be correlated with higher levels of molecular ordering and minimization of film morphology surface irregularities. Additionally, the effects of SiO 2 surface modification with trimethylsilyl and octadecyltrichlorosilyl monolayers, as well as with polystyrene, are investigated for N,N ′‐ n ‐octyl dicyanoperylenediimide (PDI‐8CN 2 ) and PDI‐FCN 2 films deposited at T d = 130 °C. The SiO 2 surface treatments have modest effects on PDI‐8CN 2 OFET mobilities, but modulate the mobility and morphology of PDI‐FCN 2 films substantially. Most importantly, the surface treatments result in substantially increased V th and decreased I off values for the dicyanoperylenediimide films relative to those grown on SiO 2 , resulting in V th > 0.0 V and I on / I off ratios as high as 10 8 . Enhancements in current modulation for these high‐mobility, air‐stable, and solution‐processable n‐type semiconductors, should prove useful in noise‐margin enhancement and further improvements in organic electronics.
Contained Duodenal Perforation Manifesting as a Cystic Mass Can Be Managed Non-Surgically (2007)

Purpose: Perforation of duodenal ulcer presents as an acute abdomen, with diffuse peritonitis. We report a rare case of contained duodenal perforation that was managed nonsurgically.FigureCase report: A 48 year old female with chronic back pain on rofecoxib and ibuprofen presented with epigastric pain radiating to the right abdomen for 2 weeks, emesis and low grade fever. She had a 20 pack year history of cigarette smoking and drank 2 beers a day. Examination revealed a hemodynamically stable, febrile patient with epigastric tenderness but no guarding. There was no ascites and the bowel sounds were normal. Work-up: Blood work was unremarkable except for leucocytosis. There was no pneumoperitoneum on X-ray. CT scan showed 7.3 × 6.5 × 4.6 cm cystic mass adjacent to the pancreas. EGD showed purulent discharge from an ulcer bed in the anterior wall of the duodenal bulb and extrinsic compression of the duodenum. Antral biopsies showed no evidence of H. pylori. Management: She was kept nil by mouth and started on nasogastric suctioning; treated with intravenous proton pump inhibitor and broad spectrum antibiotics; and was closely followed by surgeons. She recovered without complications in 1 week. Conclusion: This case highlights the following points: Consider perforated duodenal ulcer whenever there is inflammatory cystic mass in relation to the head of pancreas. Endoscopy confirms diagnosis in such cases. Although most patients with perforated duodenal ulcer require surgical closure, patients with a contained perforation could be managed successfully without surgery.[figure1][figure2]Figure
Variable And Fixed Rank 1 N <sup> 4 </sup> Interconnections (1989)

We show that full interconnect of an NXN input array to an NXN output array with a rank 1 N<sup>4</sup> component matrix is quite straightforward for essentially all values of N. A number of applications and implementations are then described.
Scheduled feeding restores memory and modulates c-Fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and septohippocampal complex (2017)

Disruptions in circadian timing impair spatial memory in humans and rodents. Circadian-arrhythmic Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) exhibit substantial deficits in spatial working memory as assessed by a spontaneous alternation (SA) task. The present study found that daily scheduled feeding rescued spatial memory deficits in these arrhythmic animals. Improvements in memory persisted for at least 3 weeks after the arrhythmic hamsters were switched back to ad libitum feeding. During ad libitum feeding, locomotor activity resumed its arrhythmic state, but performance on the SA task varied across the day with a peak in daily performance that corresponded to the previous daily window of food anticipation. At the end of scheduled feeding, c-Fos brain mapping revealed differential gene expression in entrained versus arrhythmic hamsters in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that paralleled changes in the medial septum and hippocampus, but not in other neural structures. These data show that scheduled feeding can improve cognitive performance when SCN timing has been compromised, possibly by coordinating activity in the SCN and septohippocampal pathway.
Using Simulated RoboCup to Teach AI in Undergraduate Education (2001)

This paper, by Fredrik Heintz, Johan Kummeneje, and Paul Scerri of the Department of Computer and Information Science at LinkopingÂ University, explores the use of simulations based off of the RoboCopÂ film for teaching Artificial Intelligence (AI) in undergraduate classrooms. Case studies are providedÂ &quot;from two Swedish universities, of how RoboCup based AI courses can be implemented using a problem based approach.&quot;
Flutter and tumble in fluids (1999)

In the mid-l7th century Galileo Galilei dropped two metal balls from the Leaning Tower of Pisa and showed that they fall at the same rate despite their different masses. In a later version of the experiment, astronaut David Scott dropped a hammer and a feather on the Moon and saw that they hit the surface at the same time. Why did Galileo not choose this more dramatic combination of objects to drop from the Leaning Tower?
Stereotactic breast biopsy: en bloc excision of microcalcifications with a large-bore cannula device. (1999)

Mammographically identified microcalcifications are excised en bloc with the large-bore cannula biopsy device, providing a stereotactically localized tissue sample that is comparable with that obtained with open surgical biopsy and allows evaluation of the margins. This surgical radiologic procedure may represent a valid alternative, in selected patients, to conventional surgical biopsy after radiologic localization.
Impact of infection on hepatic disposal of a peripheral glucose infusion in the conscious dog (1995)

The effect of infection on hepatic uptake and disposal of a continuous (180-min) intravenous glucose infusion (8 mg.kg-1.min-1) was examined in conscious, 54-h-fasted, chronically catheterized dogs. Thirty-six hours before a study, either infection was induced by implantation of an Escherichia coli-containing (INF; 2 x 10(9) organisms/kg body wt; n = 6) fibrinogen clot, or a sterile (SH; n = 6) clot was implanted into the peritoneal cavity. Hepatic glucose metabolism was assessed using tracer ([3-3H]glucose and [U-14C]glucose) and arteriovenous difference techniques. Infection increased the basal rate of glucose appearance (45%); glucose levels were not altered. In response to glucose infusion, average blood glucose levels increased to similar levels (140 +/- 9 vs. 147 +/- 11 mg/dl in INF and SH, respectively), whereas arterial insulin levels were higher in the infected group during the last hour of the glucose infusion (77 +/- 10 vs. 41 +/- 5 microU/ml in INF vs. SH). Infection impaired net hepatic glucose uptake (0.6 +/- 0.5 and 2.7 +/- 0.7 mg.kg-1.min-1 in INF and SH; P < 0.05). The liver remained a persistent lactate consumer (4.1 +/- 1.8 mumol.kg-1.min-1), whereas the sham group became a net producer of lactate (-3.8 +/- 1.3 mumol.kg-1.min-1). Infection decreased net hepatic glycogen deposition by 53%. In conclusion, infection impairs net hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen deposition despite an exaggerated increase in insulin levels.
Is abnormal postprandial lipemia a familial risk factor for coronary artery disease in individuals with normal fasting concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol? (2000)

These findings indicate that triglycerides are metabolized at a slower rate and remain longer in the circulation of patients with CAD, as compared with patients without CAD. A significantly greater level of postprandial lipemia has been observed in adult progeny of patients with CAD, suggesting a genetic disorder of triglyceride metabolism in these individuals.
The diversity study of AES on FPGA application (2003)

In the applications of AES, the long-term robustness/reliability during the period of operation should be taken into serious considerations. From such considerations, one may initiate the requirements of the design for diversity against break through from outside. In system design, the use of reconfigurable FPGA can provide higher level of flexibility. In this paper, the proposed system uses different generators, various transforms, modules and algorithms to enhance the randomization of the ciphertext. It is also a challenge to improve the system flexibility and to get a more secure design in the AES system. Several reconfigurable modules are developed on our integrated test-bench.
Defining the Steps in a Multistep Mouse Model for Mammary Carcinogenesis (1994)

Cancers arise through alterations in two general classes of genes, tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes. Because cancers do not appear to develop from the derangement of a single gene, but instead require a series of changes in genes from both of these two groups, cancer development is referred to as “multistep tumorigenesis.” For a few systems, such as colon cancer, a reasonable consensus exists as to which mutations occur and in what sequence (Fearon and Vogelstein 1990). Presently, many laboratories are attempting to understand which genetic changes are responsible for breast cancer, one of the most common forms of human cancers.
Pathways for Conformational Interconversion of Calix[4]arenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPathways for Conformational Interconversion of Calix[4]arenesStefan Fischer, Peter D. J. Grootenhuis, Leo C. Groenen, Willem P. van Hoorn, Frank C. J. M. vn van Veggel, David N. Reinhoudt, and Martin KarplusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 5, 1611–1620Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00110a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00110a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views267Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrochemistry of some tetradehydro[18]annulenediones (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemistry of some tetradehydro[18]annulenedionesRonald Breslow, Dennis Murayama, Robert Drury, and Franz SondheimerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 1, 249–251Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00808a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00808a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Capturing the Elusive Poissonity in Web Traffic (2006)

Numerous studies have shown that the process of packet arrivals from Web traffic exhibits strong long-range dependence, which makes it not amenable to be described using the convenient but necessarily short-range dependent framework of Poisson modeling. However, Web traffic is ultimately driven by independent human behavior, so it seems natural to search for an underlying "seed process", consistent with Poissonity, indirectly driving the packet arrivals of Web traffic. Our study examines Web traffic at different levels of packet aggregation, using powerful statistical analysis tools for identifying the finest level that can be effectively modeled using a homogeneous Poisson process. We show that the arrivals of HTTP responses, TCP connections and Web pages do not provide a satisfactory seed process. However, we find Poissonity in the arrivals of "navigation bursts". A navigation burst is a tightly-spaced sequence of Web pages downloaded by the same Web client, which can be explained by fast navigation through several pages before reaching relevant content. Our analysis suggests that the start times of such navigation bursts, which we identify by detecting user think times between 12 and 30 seconds, can be effectively modeled as a homogeneous Poisson process. We believe that our methodology can be extended to other complex modeling problems where finding Poissonity can greatly simplify parsimonious modeling.
Diamond growth on the (110) surface (1991)

A methyl radical mechanism is described for the growth of diamond on its (110) surface. The growth of diamond in a hot filament reactor is modeled using a simple first order steady state approximation and calculated methyl radical concentrations are found to agree well with recent measurements. Steady state local equilibrium is assumed and used to estimate the mole fraction of reactive sites at the growth surface, giving a value of ~6 X 10<sup>-4</sup> at 1200 K and 50 Torr (0.066 atm) of 1% CH<sub>4</sub> in H<sub>2</sub>. A simple first order thermochemical model of hot filament assisted deposition is described and methyl radical concentration estimates found to be in reasonable agreement with recent experimental results. The rate of methyl radical addition onto diamond (110) is calculated using these estimates and, assuming incorporation is as fast or faster than addition, gives a growth rate of ~0.8 micrometer/hr, in good agreement with the experiment. It is proposed that the cubo- cotahedral habit and <100> texture commonly seen in much CVD diamond is due to the <110> being the preferred low index growth rate axis. The reported rotation of polycrystalline texture toward a <100> axis, seen with changes in temperature and feed gas composition, is ascribed to variations in the relative rates of growth by this mechanism along [110] and [011]. Absolute reaction rate theory is sued to estimate a rate constant for methyl radical addition at sterically unhindered tertiary carbon sites. A 'loose' transition state model predicts a rate constant of 10<sup>12</sup> to 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>. If a much 'tighter' transition state is assumed, the predicted value is reduced to 10<sup>10</sup> to 10<sup>11</sup> cm<sup>3</sup> mol<sup>-1</sup> sec<sup>-1</sup>. A 'loose' transition state model is preferred as this gives a result consistent with empirical rate constants for many radical recombinations and is consistent with a simple calculation based steady state approximation. It is argued that the highest rate of growth commonly occurs along <110> as the (110) surface represents a relatively unhindered tertiary carbon surface to which, at most, only two methyl radicals need be added to propagate the diamond lattice.