gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THREE YEAR RESULTS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF INCINERATOR RESIDUE IN A BITUMINOUS BASE (1978)

The use of incinerator residue as an aggregate in a bituminous base (termed littercrete) was studied. Test sections consisting of the experimental hot mixed littercrete base and a conventional hot mixed asphaltic concrete base (termed blackbase control) and topped with a conventional surface were placed on a city street in Houston, Texas. This report presents the results from observations and tests on cores during the first three years of in service performance. Results of the laboratory and field evaluations show that the littercrete section is performing in an excellent manner, almost identical with the conventional blackbase control section. The only distress that has occurred is minor cracking in both sections. This cracking is limited to the conventional wearing surface and has not progressed into the bases. /FHWA/
Electromagnetic Level Indicating (EMLI) System Using Time Domain Reflectometry (1983)

A novel approach to monitoring levels in naval shipboard seawater ballasted fuel oil storage tanks has been developed at the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center of Annapolis, Maryland. The Electromagnetic Level Indicator (EMLI) uses the pulsing and high frequency sampling techniques of Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) to interrogate a single no moving parts probe to accurately measure the height of seawater, fuel oil and air columns in the ballasted fuel oil tanks. In addition, the EMLI can be used to measure a broad range of single or multiple levels of immiscible fluids and flowing solids. The system also offers the potential of content identification, detection and measure of emulsion layers, and pollution control. Final system configuration is expected to be simple and automatic, requiring less maintenance than tank level indicators currently in use. This paper is intended to provide a general understanding of the theory of operation, describe the system components, present preliminary test and performance data, and propose applications for the EMLI.
Sympathetic cotransmission in rabbit saphenous artery in vitro: effect of electric stimulation and potentiation by alpha,beta-methylene ATP. (2001)

The sympathetic and purinergic contractile responses can be induced by 2 Hz stimulation, and ATP is the sole transmitter causing the vasoconstriction in the rabbit saphenous artery. Contractile responses to higher frequencies are related to both norepinephrine and ATP. Desensitization of the P2X1 receptor with alpha,beta-methylene ATP potentiates the vascular responses to electric stimulation via a presynaptic mechanism.
Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor Characteristics with Iridium Gate Electrode on Atomic Layer Deposited ZrO<sub>2</sub>High-<i>k</i>Dielectrics (2003)

We have investigated metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) characteristics with Ir gate on ZrO2 high-k dielectrics gate structure. The ZrO2 films are grown with atomic layer deposition method using O2 and tetrakis (diethyl amino) zirconium (TDEAZ) as a Zr precursor. Some ZrO2 films are also grown with oxygen plasma along with TDEAZ. The ZrO2 grown with oxygen plasma shows the EOT value of 1.39 nm, high k of 18.2 and little hysteresis of 20 mV, whereas EOT and k values of the ZrO2 films grown with O2 are 1.52 nm, 13.34 nm, respectively. This is due to dense and well-matched stoichiometric ZrO2 and interfacial reaction through the diffusion of oxygen in the oxygen plasma. Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) characteristics of Ir/ZrO2 grown with oxygen plasma/Si gate structured transistor reveals that the effective mobility is 226 cm2/Vs at VGS=1.5 V, which is slightly smaller than the saturation mobility of 250 cm2/Vs. The interface trap density in the ZrO2 grown with oxygen plasma is also lower than that in the ZrO2 grown with O2.
Optimal adaptive bandwidth monitoring for qos based retrieval (2003)

Network aware multimedia delivery applications are a class of applications that provide certain level of quality of service (QoS) guarantees to end users while not assuming underlying network resource reservations. These applications guarantee QoS parameters like media object transmission time limit by actively monitoring the available bandwidth of the network and adapting the object to a target size that can be transmitted within a given time limit. A critical problem is how to obtain an accurate enough estimation of available bandwidth while not wasting too much time in bandwidth testing. In this paper, we present an algorithm to determine optimal amount of bandwidth testing given a probabilistic confidence level for network-aware multimedia object retrieval applications. The model treats the bandwidth testing as sampling from an actual bandwidth population. It uses statistical estimation method to quantify the benefit of each new bandwidth-testing sample, which is used to determine the optimal amount of bandwidth testing by balancing the benefit with the cost of each sample. Our implementation and experiments shows the algorithm determines the optimal amount of bandwidth testing effectively with minimum computation overhead.
Development of an Efficient Serum-Free Semisolid Culture System for the Evaluation of Hematopoietic Progenitors (1995)

Three different combinations of serum-free (SF) media proposed by Drouet et al., Ieki et al., and Wu et al. were tested to assess their ability to replace fetal calf serum (FCS) in a human hematopoietic progenitor semisolid culture system using human bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cells. This study confirmed that two (Drouet and Wu) of the three SF media tested were able to induce progenitor growth in the presence of either 5637-conditioned medium or a defined combination of growth factors: stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and erythropoietin (EPO). The best results were obtained using the SF media described by Wu. The number of 5637-stimulated CFU-GM obtained with the Wu SF media was not different from that obtained with FCS-supplemented media when cultures were assessed on day 14 (79 +/- 14 versus 104 +/- 17), day 18 (64 +/- 11 versus 79 +/- 12), or day 21 (58 +/- 13 versus 62 +/- 12). Similar findings were obtained when the previously defined combination of growth factors was used to stimulate progenitor growth. Because the Wu medium was the most efficient SF medium to promote hematopoietic progenitor growth, we attempted to improve its efficacy by modifying the concentrations of the various components. A reduction in the concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) dramatically reduced the total number of clonogenic elements. Soybean lectin was not essential for colony proliferation; however, its presence had an favorable effect on the overall appearance of the colonies (greater number of cells per colony).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pectate lyase PelI of Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 belongs to a new family (1997)

Erwinia chrysanthemi 3937 secretes five major isoenzymes of pectate lyases encoded by the pel4, pelB, pelC, pelD, and pelE genes and a set of secondary pectate lyases, two of which, pelL and pelZ, have been already identified. We cloned the pelI gene, encoding a ninth pectate lyase of E. chrysanthemi 3937. The pelI reading frame is 1,035 bases long, corresponding to a protein of 344 amino acids including a typical amino-terminal signal sequence of 19 amino acids. The purified mature PelI protein has an isoelectric point of about 9 and an apparent molecular mass of 34 kDa. PelI has a preference for partially methyl esterified pectin and presents an endo-cleaving activity with an alkaline pH optimum and an absolute requirement for Ca2+ ions. PelI is an extracellular protein secreted by the Out secretory pathway of E. chrysanthemi. The PelI protein is very active in the maceration of plant tissues. A pelI mutant displayed reduced pathogenicity on chicory leaves, but its virulence did not appear to be affected on potato tubers or Saintpaulia ionantha plants. The pelI gene constitutes an independent transcriptional unit. As shown for the other pel genes, the transcription of pelI is dependent on various environmental conditions. It is induced by pectic catabolic products and affected by growth phase, oxygen limitation, temperature, nitrogen starvation, and catabolite repression. Regulation of pelI expression appeared to be dependent on the three repressors of pectinase synthesis, KdgR, PecS, and PecT, and on the global activator of sugar catabolism, cyclic AMP receptor protein. A functional KdgR binding site was identified close to the putative pelI promoter. Analysis of the amino acid sequence of PelI revealed high homology with a pectate lyase from Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora (65% identity) and low homology with pectate lyases of the phytopathogenic fungus Nectria haematococca (Fusarium solani). This finding indicates that PelI belongs to pectate lyase class III. Using immunoblotting experiments, we detected PelI homologs in various strains of E. chrysanthemi and E. carotovora subsp. carotovora but not in E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica.
Enhancing Hotel Search with Semantic Web Technologies (2008)

Tourism service providers are more and more under pressure to offer products of greater complexity and diversity to meet the ever-changing demands of travelers; the individualistic consumption patterns and lifestyles makes it increasingly difficult for tourist service providers to anticipate consumer behavior and configure their services accordingly, i.e. the tourist industry must focus more on a "hybrid consumer" whose travel choice will be more complex. Although current online travel systems aim to support the customer in finding a suitable hotel or even a whole trip, most of the work is still up to the customer, who has to consider several sources of information before deciding which hotel to book. Furthermore, since the quality of a hotel room w.r.t the requirements of the end-user are multi-dimensional and cannot be easily expressed on discrete scales, the main critical issue in such cases is a price/benefit ratio which is defined by what is known, as the "best" booking.
A simple graphical method for determining the inhibition constants of mixed, uncompetitive and non-competitive inhibitors (Short Communication) (1974)

A new method is described for plotting kinetic results for inhibited enzyme-catalysed reactions. It provides a simple way of determining the inhibition constant, K'(i), of an uncompetitive, mixed or non-competitive inhibitor.
Robotic assistance: an automatic wheelchair tracking and following functionality by omnidirectional vision (2005)

Robotic researches can contribute to the restoration of some functions lost by handicapped people. The over-cost generated by the additive potentialities must be affordable and related to the value of the usual product. In most cases, autonomous functions are direct transpositions of solutions applied in industrial robotics. If we consider that in addition with cost, security is a supplementary constraint of rehabilitation robotics, an important research effort is needed to propose technological components. The aim of this paper is to introduce a functionality within the context of the following plan: "technical achievement and psychological analysis of a master/slave robot assistance for the invalid person" (HTSC: human/technology complex system). This application allows a severely handicapped person to handle at the same time a movable platform and a Manus/spl reg/ arm. In this paper, we will present an "automatic tracking" functionality we developed in order to keep the Manus/spl reg/ arm automatically close to the patient.
RELATION OF FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME IN ONE SECOND (FEV1) TO LUNG CANCER MORTALITY IN THE MULTIPLE RISK FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL (MRFIT) (1990)

For men participating in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial, the authors evaluated the relation between the baseline forced expiratory volume in one second and lung cancer mortality among smokers between the third and tenth years of follow-up (1973-1974 to 1984). This measure of ventilatory function was a powerful predictor of lung cancer deaths, with rates that increased from 3.02 per 1,000 person-years in the lowest quintile of forced expiratory volume to 0.43 in the highest quintile. This relation was not weakened by adjustments for smoking dose, including number of cigarettes smoked per day, tar and nicotine content, duration of smoking, or age at onset of smoking. Nor was forced expiratory volume related to time between its determination and lung cancer death. If these observations can be verified in other studies, the forced expiratory volume in one second may identify smokers at very high risk of lung cancer and, hence, in need of more aggressive preventive approaches.
Some experiments on the disintegration of yeast by high intensity ultrasound (1964)

Abstract The effects of ambient pressure and ultrasonic power on the disintegration of yeast suspension have been investigated. The results obtained are, in the main, consistent with the theory that cell breakage is primarily a phenomenon dependent on producing gaseous cavitation in the medium. The importance of the experimental results and techniques applied to Commercial cell disintegrators is briefly discussed. A simple flow system is described which is easily attached to probe‐type disintegrators. The use of a crystal pickup for tuning and control purposes is described.
An approach to hierarchy model checking via evaluating CTL hierarchically (2002)

Symbolic Model Checking is one of the most efficient formal verification methods for hardware design. It uses Computational Tree Logic (CTL) for expressing formal specification of hardware design. However, the large demands of space by Symbolic Model Checking prevents itself from verifying large automates. In this paper we study the possibility of hierarchy evaluation of CTL formula. The result shows that CTL specifications for whole automata can be decomposed into local properties in some case, each of them can be verified on different subautomates respectively. By this way symbolic model checking can be completed hierarchically, which enable us to handle much larger circuits without a large growth of complexity.
Predictive factors associated with primary failure to exenatide and non goal attainment in patients with type 2 diabetes. (2013)

Baseline HbA1c is a major predictor of response to exenatide treatment, defined as target HbA1c (≤ 7.5%, 58 mmol/mol) attainment. The lower the baseline HbA1c, the greater the likelihood of reaching the target HbA1c at 12 months, even though patients with higher baseline HbA1c benefited from the largest absolute reduction in HbA1c levels.
Design and analysis of the Secure Border Gateway Protocol (S-BGP) (2002)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), which is used to distribute routing information between autonomous systems (ASes), is a critical component of the Internet's routing infrastructure. It is highly vulnerable to a variety of malicious attacks, due to the lack of a secure means of verifying the authenticity and legitimacy of BGP control traffic. This paper describes a secure, scalable, deployable architecture, S-BGP, for a system that addresses most of the security problems associated with BGP. The paper discusses the vulnerabilities and security requirements associated with BGP, describes the S-BGP countermeasures, and explains how they address these vulnerabilities and requirements. The paper also provides a comparison of this architecture with other approaches that have been proposed, analyzes the performance implications of the proposed countermeasures, and reports on prototype implementation experience.
El papel de los alumnos en el proceso de selección, creación e implementación de materiales (2009)

En el presente articulo se describe una experiencia didactica llevada a cabo por los autores y que pretendio fomentar la implicacion del alumno de E/LE (niveles B1-C1) en los procesos de planificacion y creacion de materiales de su curso. Partiendo de la necesidad de mejorar los resultados de determinadas actividades de expresion oral que se realizaban en los cursos (presentaciones en clase sobre temas culturales), y tras realizar un estudio de campo sobre las ideas de los alumnos sobre como explotar didacticamente materiales reales y otros temas, los autores propusieron a los alumnos la tarea de elaborar mini-clases alrededor de algun tema y ser �profesores� de sus companeros. Para ello les proporcionaron guias de actuacion (�andamiajes pedagogicos�), asi como otros instrumentos (recursos conversacionales para manejar el lenguaje de aula y trucos docentes). En el articulo se revisan los resultados obtenidos y se teoriza sobre la conveniencia, ventajas y desventajas de este tipo de tarea para alumnos de idiomas.
A Laboratory Study of Streambed Stability in Bottomless Culverts (2007)

Traditional culvert designs, in many cases, have become habitat barriers to aquatic and terrestrial animals. In response, environmentally sensitive culvert designs have been developed that function as ecological bridges. Bottomless and buried invert culverts are examples of such designs and are commonly used for fish passage. Additional design guidance specific to streambed stability in buried-invert or bottomless culverts under high flow events is needed. This study investigated incipient motion conditions for three substrate materials in a 0.61-m (2-ft) diameter circular bottomless culvert in a laboratory setting. This paper discusses the experimental methods used to determine incipient motion conditions and an incipient motion prediction method based upon substrate size (dm), which may be useful for determining stable stone diameters to be used as riprap in simulated streambeds through bottomless and buried-invert culverts.
Interaction of 2,4-D or Dicamba with Glufosinate for Control of Glyphosate-Resistant Giant Ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) in Glufosinate-Resistant Maize (Zea mays L.) (2017)

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) giant ragweed is a problematic broadleaf weed in crops including maize and soybean in the Midwestern United States. Commercialization of crops with 2,4-D or dicamba and glufosinate resistance will allow post-emergence (POST) applications of these herbicides. Therefore, information is needed on how 2,4-D/dicamba will interact with glufosinate in various rate combinations. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the interaction of glufosinate plus 2,4-D and/or dicamba for control of GR giant ragweed, and to determine their effect on GR giant ragweed density, biomass, maize injury, and yield. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 in a field infested with GR giant ragweed in Nebraska, United States. The treatments included POST applications of glufosinate (450 or 590 g ai ha<sup>-1</sup>), 2,4-D, or dicamba at 280 or 560 g ae ha<sup>-1</sup> applied alone and in tank-mixtures in glufosinate-resistant maize. The results showed that dicamba applied alone resulted in 56 to 62% and 73 to 83% control at 14 and 28 days after treatment (DAT), respectively, and ≥95% control at 60 DAT or at harvest compared to 17 to 30% and 57 to 73% control with 2,4-D applied alone at 280 and 560 g ai ha<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Glufosinate tank-mixed with 2,4-D and/or dicamba consistently provided ≥89% control of GR giant ragweed, except that control with glufosinate plus 2,4-D varied from 80 to 92% at 60 DAT and at harvest. The comparison between the observed and expected control (determined by Colby's equation) suggested an additive interaction between glufosinate and 2,4-D or dicamba for control of GR giant ragweed. Contrast analysis also indicated that GR giant ragweed control with glufosinate plus 2,4-D or dicamba was either consistently higher or comparable with individual herbicides excluding 2,4-D applied alone. Herbicide programs, excluding 2,4-D at 280 g ae ha<sup>-1</sup>, resulted in ≥80% reduction in GR giant ragweed density. Tank-mixing glufosinate with 2,4-D or dicamba showed an additive effect and will be an additional tool with two effective modes of action for the management of GR giant ragweed in maize.
Neurovascular photoacoustic tomography (2010)

Neurovascular coupling refers to the relationship between neuronal activities and downstream hemodynamic responses. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT), enabling comprehensive label-free imaging of hemodynamic activities with highly scalable penetration and spatial resolution, has great potential in the study of neurovascular coupling. In this review, we first introduce the technical basis of hemodynamic PAT - including label-free quantification of total hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygenation, and blood flow - as well as its applications in hemodynamic monitoring. Then, we demonstrate the potential application of PAT in neurovascular imaging by highlighting representative studies on cerebral vascular responses to whisker stimulation and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, potential research directions and associated technical challenges are discussed.
Safety of human recombinant proteins. (1997)

Recombinant human proteins play an important role in therapy, especially in stimulating the hematopoiesis after chemotherapy, e.g., erythropoietin and colony stimulating factors, while several promising candidates such as IL-6, IL-12, thrombopoietin and others are in clinical development. Since the recombinant proteins are copies of endogenous proteins, it was assumed that they would be well tolerated. While this assumption is correct for some, other proteins proved to be less well tolerated. Therefore, preclinical safety assessment of these proteins is necessary. Based on the experience with several proteins, some guidance for the safety assessment can be given. Furthermore, data are presented demonstrating that preclinical toxicity studies may have a predictive value for man. Limitations of the classical approach of safety tests and new concepts are discussed.
Fractal engine: an affine video processor core for multimedia applications (1998)

The advances in VLSI technology, high-speed processor designs, Internet/Intranet implementations, broadband networks (ATM and ISDN), and compression standards (JPEG, MPEG, H.261, H.263, and G.273) are leading to the popularity of multimedia applications. Examples include video over the Internet, interactive TV, distance learning, telemedicine, and digital libraries. Visual media processing poses challenges from several perspectives, specifically from the points of view of real-time implementation and scalability. We first present an overview and categorization of the various architectural approaches for multimedia processing. The fundamental operations involved in a majority of visual processing tasks are then derived. We propose an affine transform-processor-core-based video processor architecture called the fractal engine that is capable of implementing the basic visual processing operations. The fractal engine is an open architecture, and is designed to be modular and scalable, and therefore has the potential to satisfy the heterogeneous computing requirements of the different media types in multimedia processing. Details of the individual modules of the fractal engine as well the implementation of the architecture in VHDL are also presented.
[Pheochromocytoma manifested by traumatic adrenal hemorrhage]. (2006)

The presentation of pheochromocytoma is quite variable. We report a case of previously undiscovered pheochromocytoma which was manifested by traumatic retroperitoneal hemorrhage. A 79-year-old man fell from his bicycle and was admitted to the emergency room complaining of right flank pain. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed hemorrhage around the right adrenal gland. Since the plasma catecholamine levels were elevated, we suspected the presence of pheochromocytoma. After absorption of the hematoma, the tumor appeared clearly. The diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was confirmed through urine catecholamine testing and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy. Six months after the injury, the tumor was surgically resected. Traumatic hemorrhage of pheochromocytoma is extremely rare; only 3 cases have been reported in the literature.