gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostics and Accelerated Life Endurance Testing of Polymeric Materials for HVDC Application (2015)

The brochure starts with examining the fundamental processes of electrical ageing of polymeric insulation under dc stress. Then, an overview of diagnostic properties is given to probe the effect of these ageing processes and to determine insulation quality. HVDC testing techniques are described focusing on the tests used for HVDC cable systems from the design phase, via prequalification and type testing to routine testing and diagnostic measurements in service. In the last chapter of the brochure, a number of possible future (on-line) testing methods are presented.
Transcription Regulation Coupling of the Divergent<i>argG</i>and<i>metY</i>Promoters in<i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12 (2003)

ABSTRACT The cAMP-catabolite activator protein (CAP) complex is a pleiotropic regulator that regulates a vast number of Escherichia coli genes, including those involved in carbon metabolism. We identified two new targets of this complex: argG , which encodes the arginosuccinate synthase involved in the arginine biosynthetic pathway, and metY , which encodes one of the two methionine tRNA initiators, tRNAf2Met. The cAMP-CAP complex activates argG transcription and inhibits metY transcription from the same DNA position. We also show that ArgR, the specific repressor of the arginine biosynthetic pathway, together with its arginine cofactor, acts on the regulation of metY mediated by CAP. The regulation of the two divergent promoters is thus simultaneously controlled not only by the cAMP-CAP complex, a global regulator, but also by a specific regulator of arginine metabolism, suggesting a previously unsuspected link between carbon metabolism and translation initiation.
Regulation of Human Fetal Hemoglobin Gene Expression (1989)

An understanding of the mechanism involved in the regulated expression of the human gamma and beta globin genes requires the detailed definition of the cis-acting DNA sequences and trans-acting protein factors responsible for their developmental stage specific expression. To determine the critical cis-acting elements, hybrid genes containing elements of the gamma and beta globin genes were transfected into K562 cells, a human erythroleukemia line. The regulated expression of the gamma and beta genes was also studied by transferring hybrid genes containing the gamma or beta promoters linked to the neomycin resistance gene (neoR) into erythroid (K562) cells and nonerythroid (Hela) cells. DNA sequences found to be important to the expression of the gamma gene were assayed for the presence of transacting factors by studying the binding of protein factors using the gel mobility shift assay. The results suggest that there are multiple cis-acting elements 5' and 3' to the gamma and beta genes, and perhaps within these genes contributing to their regulation. In addition, there are multiple trans-acting protein factors interacting with these regions which may determine their transcriptional regulation in erythroid cells.
Changes in Apoptosis and Mitotic Index, p53 and Ki67 Expression in Various Types of Oral Leukoplakia (2003)

The increased apoptotic and Ki67 indices may indicate an unfavorable prognosis for leukoplakia. The expression of Ki67 and p53 in various forms of leukoplakia point to the increasing instability of the genome in parallel with the severity of leukoplakia.
Br···Br and Br···H Interactions in Action:  Polymorphism, Hopping, and Twinning in 1,2,4,5-Tetrabromobenzene (2000)

The nature and importance of nonbonded halogen−halogen and halogen−hydrogen interactions in molecular crystals continues to attract significant attention. Here, we report the manifestation of such interactions in the twinning and polymorphism of 1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene. A combination of molecular modeling and experimental studies using DSC, hot stage optical microscopy, and in situ powder X-ray diffraction is used to explore the mechanism of phase transition and understand the basis of twin formation in this material. The propensity to twin, the observed polymorphism, and the fact that crystals hop as they transform are all consequences of Br···Br and Br···H interactions.
Mechanically Induced Gelation of a Kinetically Trapped Supramolecular Polymer (2014)

The stimuli-induced gelation of a urethane-functionalized ditopic ureidopyrimidinone (UPy) compound is presented, and the mechanism by which the gelation proceeds is proposed. In a 40–120 mM solution in chloroform, the compound can exist in two different aggregated states, namely a low viscous mixture of (cyclic) oligomers or a fibrous gel. As evidenced by IR, NMR, and WAXS, the liquid state is stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the UPy and the back-folded chain, while the fibrous gel is stabilized by lateral hydrogen bonds within stacked UPy dimers. Controlled preparation techniques allow for pathway selection to arrive at one of both states. The remarkable long-term stability of the low viscous state (over 2 months for a 80 mM solution) is in contrast to the fast transformation into a gel by stirring in a few hours. Other mechanical stimuli like shaking, sonicating, and stirring for a shorter period, as well as freezing and thawing the solution, yield weaker gels than those obtained by long stirring. Heating the gels and slow cooling reversibly yield the nonviscous solution. This shows that the formation of UPy–urethane hydrogen bonds kinetically traps the UPy polymers, thereby preventing their lateral aggregation. The application of mechanical stress or freezing disrupts this interaction, allowing for the formation of a stacked nucleus on which further material can grow, eventually leading to gelation of the solution.
Synthesis, electrochemistry and photophysics of ruthenium(II) diimine complexes of 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf ). Crystal structure of [Ru(bipy)2(dppf )]2+ (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) (1997)

A series of ruthenium(II) diimine complexes of 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene (dppf), [Ru(L–L) 2 (dppf)] 2+ [L–L = 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy), 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine, 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine, or 1,10-phenanthroline] have been synthesized and their photophysical properties studied. The crystal structure of [Ru(bipy) 2 (dppf)] 2+ has been determined. These complexes have been shown to exhibit low-energy emission at ca. 550 nm at 77 K, attributed to a d π (Ru) → π*(L–L) metal-to-ligand charge transfer triplet excited state. The spectroscopic changes upon oxidation suggest it to occur on the ferrocene moiety.
Platelet Activation Promotes Formation of Platelet-Leukocyte Conjugates (PLC) in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation (AF). (2004)

Abstract Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with thromboemboli, which is due to blood stasis in the left atrium and hypercoagulability. Several studies have shown that both platelet and leukocyte activation are increased in AF. Formation of platelet-leukocyte conjugates (PLC) is an important mechanism by which leukocytes contribute to thrombosis. Increased levels of P selectin expression in platelets and platelet-leukocyte conjugates (PLC) have been correlated with the risk of cerebral infarction in AF (Circulation. 1998; 98:1721–7). The mechanisms driving the formation of PLC in AF is unclear. We investigated the levels of PLC, platelet expression of P selectin, and leukocyte activation in patients with non-valvular AF. Methods. Patient population: Fourteen patients with chronic AF (8 men and 6 women; mean age = 62±9 years) were studied. AF was documented by a 12-lead electrocardiogram and all patients underwent an echocardiogram to assess cardiac function and rule out valvular AF. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 49±16%. Comorbidities included hypertension (85%), diabetes mellitus (21%), coronary artery disease (35%) and congestive heart failure (28%). The mean heart rate was 80±13 bpm. The mean BP was 127±9 / 75±6 mmHg. All patients were anticoagulated with warfarin and 78% were taking aspirin. Since we have previously shown that digitalis use is associated with platelet activation in this population, patients taking digitalis were excluded. Laboratory methods: Venous blood from patients with AF and from healthy volunteers was examined by flow cytometry using fluorescent mAbs. We measured platelet expression of P selectin and leukocyte expression of CD11b. Coexpression of CD41 and CD45 was used to measure PLC. Results: Patients with AF had markedly increased levels of P selectin (22.1 vs 5.0 fluorescence units; p=0.008), PLC (61.2±13.6% vs 43.1±21.6%; p=0.001) and CD11b expression in leukocytes (16.4 vs. 7.9 fluorescence units; p=0.0003). PLC strongly correlated with P selectin expression (R= 0.80; R2=0.64; p=0.0006) but not with leukocyte activation as measured by CD11b expression (R=0.41; R2= 0.17; p=0.14). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that (1) Patients with AF demonstrate increased levels of platelet and leukocyte activation; (2) Increased PLC formation occurs in AF; (3) Levels of PLC closely correlate with platelet activation but not with leukocyte activation, suggesting than PLC formation is driven by platelet activation rather than by leukocyte activation in this population. Aspirin has been shown to be only marginally effective to prevent thromboembolism in AF. Clopidogrel, but not aspirin, has been shown to decrease the formation of PLC (J Am Coll Cardiol2004;43(11):1982–8). Our data suggests that aspirin use in AF patients would not be anticipated to normalize platelet activation and PLC formation in AF patients, but other therapies aimed at decreasing PLC formation might decrease the thrombotic risk in AF.
Implementation of adaptive sample rate Kwan-Martin notch filter using efficient realizations of reciprocal and squaring circuit (2002)

Adaptive algorithms often involve the use of divide and square operations. Rather than implementing generic dividers and multipliers in the adaptive section for the adaptive sample rate notch filter, the authors have developed prototype architectures. They present a technique of optimizing an implementation of the squarer. In the reciprocal circuit presented, they show how a numerator (scaling) can be easily incorporated into its design to achieve a general purpose divider. Both realizations have been demonstrated in an adaptive sample rate notch filter using Xilinx reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). A comparison is made between generic circuits and the proposed techniques. The results provide a measure of the advantages of the proposed approaches for use in adaptive signal processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Active Tuberculosis by an MPB-64 Transdermal Patch: A Field Study (2001)

The mycobacterial antigen MPB-64 was formulated for delivery in a transdermal patch and used as a diagnostic skin test reagent to detect active tuberculosis (TB) in patients attending a clinic in Manila, The Philippines. The MPB-64 Transdermal Patch was applied to 62 patients, 49 with sputum-positive active disease and 13 who had completed TB chemotherapy, and to 28 non-TB but tuberculin-positive controls. The results were read at 72 h. The sensitivity of the Transdermal Patch was 87.8%, with an efficacy of 92.9% and a specificity of 100%. The 13 TB patients who had completed 6 months of TB chemotherapy showed different reactions to the MPB64 patch test: those who had completed chemotherapy < 4 months before testing were positive; 50% of patients who completed chemotherapy 5 months previously were positive; and those who had completed chemotherapy 7 and 8 months before were negative. All the non-TB controls with positive tuberculin tests were negative to the MPB-64 Transdermal Patch, even at the highest protein dose tested. This test may be a useful method to distinguish active TB patients from TB-infected but asymptomatic individuals. Moreover, the MPB64 Transdermal Patch may be useful to monitor successful chemotherapy.
LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 as Seen by RXTE (1998)

LMC X-1 and LMC X-3 are the only two black holes that are consistently seen in the soft X-ray state. We present the results from the spectral and temporal analysis of a long (150 ksec) observation of these two objects. The spectra can be well described by a disk black body plus a high energy power-law, which extends to at least 50keV. Starting in December 1996 we have also monitored these objects with RXTE in about three to four week intervals. We present the evolution of the spectral parameters of the sources from the first twenty pointings. LMC X-1 has a very stable spectrum and does not exhibit any large scale variability. On the other hand, the appearance of LMC X-3 changes considerably over its 200d long cycle. This variability can either be explained by periodic changes in the mass transfer rate or by a precessing accretion disk analogous to Her X-1.
Antimicrobial Resistance: Addressing The Global Threat Through Greater Awareness And Transformative Action (2014)

Antimicrobial therapies have played an unquestionably important role in advancing modern medical and surgical care, treating animals, reducing the global burden of communicable disease, and prolonging human life expectancy. These transformational benefits are threatened because of the rapidly advancing phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. As a result of complex factors across many sectors and international actors, the global impact of antimicrobial resistance is an escalating economic and health crisis. This article draws on the collective expertise and summit report of the Antimicrobial Resistance Working Group from the 2013 World Innovation Summit for Health, in Doha, Qatar. It defines a framework of principles and tasks for key policy makers to raise international awareness of antimicrobial resistance and lead transformative action through policy-driven improvements in sanitation, antimicrobial conservation, agricultural practices, and research and development.
Role of p70 S6 Protein Kinase in Angiotensin II-induced Protein Synthesis in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (1995)

Angiotensin II (AII) is a growth factor which induces cellular hypertrophy in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). To understand the molecular basis of this action, we have examined the role of the 70-kDa S6 kinases (p70S6K) in the hypertrophic response to AII in aortic SMC. AII potently stimulated the phosphotransferase activity of p70S6K, which reached a maximal value at 15 min and persisted for at least 4 h. This response was completely abolished when the cells were incubated in the presence of the AT1-selective receptor antagonist losartan. The enzymatic activation of p70S6K was associated with increased phosphorylation of the enzyme on serine and threonine residues. The immunosuppressant drug rapamycin was found to selectively inhibit the activation of p70S6K by AII, but not the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase or the induction of c-fos mRNA expression. Treatment of aortic SMC with rapamycin also potently inhibited AII-stimulated protein synthesis with a half-maximal concentration similar to that required for inhibition of p70S6K. These results provide strong evidence that p70S6K plays a critical role in the signaling pathways by which AII induces hypertrophy of vascular SMC.
“Competitive Quenching”: A Mechanism by Which Perihydroxylated Perylenequinone Photosensitizers Can Prevent Adverse Phototoxic Damage Caused by Verteporfin During Photodynamic Therapy (2007)

Incorporation of photodynamic therapy into clinical practice for induction of vascular photo-occlusion highlights the need to prevent adverse phototoxicity to sensitive juxtaposed tissues, particularly in the retina. We developed a system termed "competitive quenching" to prevent adverse phototoxic damage. It involves differential compartmentalization of a photoactivator to the intravascular compartment for photoexcitation and delivery of phototoxicity to targeted vessels. A different photodynamic agent is partitioned to the extravascular retinal space to quench reactive oxygen species generated by photosensitization, thereby protecting the adjacent retinal tissues from adverse phototoxicity. The absorption spectra of quenchers must span wavelengths that are shorter and excluded from the spectral range of photoexcitation light to prevent photoactivation of the quencher. Perihydroxylated perylenequinones were found to be suitable to function as "competitive quenchers" with the prototype hypericin identified as a potent quencher. Here we examined the mechanisms operative in competitive quenching and suggest that hypericin forms a complex with verteporfin, thereby quenching singlet oxygen formation. Furthermore, we show that hypericin, with six phenolic hydroxyls, protects retinal and endothelial hybridoma cells from phototoxicity more effectively than the dimethyl tetrahydroxy helianthrone structural analog with only four such phenolic hydroxyls. The findings suggest that hydroxyl numbers contribute to the efficacy of competitive quenching.
The NREL teetering hub rotor code: Final results and conclusions (1991)

Accurately predicting wind turbine blade loads and response is important for the proper design of wind turbines. The need to accurately predict both deterministic and stochastic blade loads is now widely recognized. Previous rotor code development and validation efforts at NREL have concentrated on prediction of deterministic and stochastic blade loads for rigid hub rotors. During the past year this effort was expanded for predicting blade and shaft loads for two-bladed teetering hub rotors. The NREL (formerly SERI) Teetering Rotor Analysis Program (STRAP), a derivative of the Force and Loads Analysis Program (FLAP), can include the effects of rotor undersling, delta-3 and the effects of a concentrated hub mass. The degrees of freedom include rotor teeter and symmetric and asymmetric rotor flap modes. A time-dependent, prescribed yaw motion can also be input to the code. Loads due to turbulent wind inputs are also calculated. In this paper, final code modifications, final comparisons of load predictions to test data, and finally, the direction for new code development activities at NREL will be described. 12 refs.
Filovirus Outbreak Detection and Surveillance: Lessons From Bundibugyo (2011)

The first outbreak of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) due to Bundibugyo ebolavirus occurred in Uganda from August to December 2007. During outbreak response and assessment, we identified 131 EHF cases (44 suspect, 31 probable, and 56 confirmed). Consistent with previous large filovirus outbreaks, a long temporal lag (approximately 3 months) occurred between initial EHF cases and the subsequent identification of Ebola virus and outbreak response, which allowed for prolonged person-to-person transmission of the virus. Although effective control measures for filovirus outbreaks, such as patient isolation and contact tracing, are well established, our observations from the Bundibugyo EHF outbreak demonstrate the need for improved filovirus surveillance, reporting, and diagnostics, in endemic locations in Africa.
Physique mésoscopique (2013)

Enseignement Cours : Nanorésonateurs mécaniques dans la limite quantique La mécanique quantique, en postulant qu’un objet peut être simultanément dans deux endroits, remet en question l’intuition que nous avons de la trajectoire des corps solides en mouvement. Ce principe, dit de superposition, triomphe dans l’explication du comportement des particules élémentaires comme les électrons. Il est aussi parfaitement vérifié pour les particules microscopiques composites que sont les atomes et les m...
THE EFFECT OF AUTONOMIC BLOCKADE ON THE RELEASE OF CORTICOTROPHIN FROM THE HYPOPHYSIS, AS INDUCED BY A HYPOTHALAMUS EXTRACT (1957)

Evidence is accumulating that nervous hypothalamic centres may regulate the rate of secretion of corticotrophin. Electrolytic lesions of different parts of the posterior hypothalamus appears to inhibit the release of this hormone (Harris & de Groot, 1950; Hume & Wittenstein, 1950; Porter, 1954; McCann, 1953; Ganong & Hume, 1954; Laqueur et al., 1953). The experiments of Harris & Jacobsohn (1952) and of Jacobsohn (1954) on animals bearing pituitary transplants, the results of Guillemin (1955), Saffran et al. (1955), Porter & Jones (1956) and Porter & Rumsfeld (1956) strongly suggest that a neurohumoral substance from hypothalamic origin is of significance for the secretion of corticotrophin.
Formation of a Novel Cage Compound with a Pentacyclo (2000)

Abnormally long C-C single bonds are found in the polycyclic caged diol with a pentacyclo[6.3.0.1(4,11).0(2,6).0(5,10)]dodecane skeleton formed by photolysis (see scheme). This skeleton resembles the structure of diamantane, but instead of having six cyclohexane rings in a chair conformation it contains only two cyclohexane rings in a distorted chair conformation and four cyclopentane rings, which makes it more highly strained than diamantane.
Modulation of transmembrane potential of isolated cardiac myocytes by insulin and isoproterenol (1990)

Isolated muscle cells from adult rat heart have been used to study the effects of insulin and catecholamines on transmembrane potential by following triphenylmethylphosphonium cation uptake. Insulin was found to hyperpolarize the cells with a maximal effect of 3.2 +/- 0.7 mV (n = 4) at an insulin concentration of 3 x 10(-9) mol/l. This insulin action was fully antagonized by isoproterenol (10(-5) mol/l), which depolarized the cardiocytes in a dose-dependent fashion with a maximal effect of 9.5 +/- 2.2 mV. Treatment of cardiocytes with ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid or CsCl resulted in a total loss of insulin action, whereas isoproterenol action was not affected. Cardiac myocytes from streptozotocin diabetic rats exhibited an unaltered hyperpolarization by insulin within the physiological concentration range. Isoproterenol now induced a biphasic response with a significant hyperpolarization at low doses and a decreased depolarization at maximal concentrations. In conclusion, 1) hormonal modulation of cardiac myocyte membrane potentials involves hyperpolarization by insulin and depolarization by beta-agonists, 2) insulin action appears to be related to an increased potassium conductance and may be antagonized by beta-stimulation, and 3) membrane potential modulation may be profoundly altered in the diabetic state.
Propagation Characteristics of Ground Based Urban Communications in the Military UHF Band (2006)

A series of experiments were conducted to characterize the propagation characteristics in an urban canyon setting between ground-based communicators operating within the military ultrahigh frequency band (225 to 450 MHz). The experiments were conducted over a two-day period in downtown Philadelphia. Profiles of received power versus distance were generated along a variety of straight and L-shaped paths for different radio frequencies and antenna heights. The results were analyzed to determine the dependency of the received power on street width, RF frequency, antenna height, and corner distance (the distance between the transmitter and the corner on an L-shaped path). The results showed well-defined dependencies on all of the parameters except antenna height, which did not appear to affect the results over the range of values considered in this study. The results are compared with similar measurements by other investigators operating at higher frequencies in an attempt to identify the impact of RF frequency on urban propagation. This study addresses an important but largely overlooked propagation environment