gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct proliferative and differentiated stages of murine MC3T3-E1 cells in culture: An in vitro model of osteoblast development (1992)

We examine clonal murine calvarial MC3T3-E1 cells to determine if they exhibit a developmental sequence similar to osteoblasts in bone tissue, namely, proliferation of undifferentiated osteoblast precursors followed by postmitotic expression of differentiated osteoblast phenotype. During the initial phase of developmental (days 1-9 of culture), MC3T3-E1 cells actively replicate, as evidenced by the high rates of DNA synthesis and progressive increase in cell number, but maintain a fusiform appearance, fail to express alkaline phosphatase, and do not accumulate mineralized extracellular collagenous matrix, consistent with immature osteoblasts. By day 9 the cultures display cuboidal morphology, attain confluence, and undergo growth arrest. Downregulation of replication is associated with expression of osteoblast functions, including production of alkaline phosphatase, processing of procollagens to collagens, and incremental deposition of a collagenous extracellular matrix. Mineralization of extracellular matrix, which begins approximately 16 days after culture, marks the final phase of osteoblast phenotypic development. Expression of alkaline phosphatase and mineralization is time but not density dependent. Type I collagen synthesis and collagen accumulation are uncoupled in the developing osteoblast. Although collagen synthesis and message expression peaks at day 3 in immature cells, extracellular matrix accumulation is minimal. Instead, matrix accumulates maximally after 7 days of culture as collagen biosynthesis is diminishing. Thus, extracellular matrix formation is a function of mature osteoblasts. Ascorbate and beta-glycerol phosphate are both essential for the expression of osteoblast phenotype as assessed by alkaline phosphatase and mineralization of extracellular matrix. Ascorbate does not stimulate type I collagen gene expression in MC3T3-E1 cells, but it is absolutely required for deposition of collagen in the extracellular matrix. Ascorbate also induces alkaline phosphatase activity in mature cells but not in immature cells. beta-glycerol phosphate displays synergistic actions with ascorbate to further stimulate collagen accumulation and alkaline phosphatase activity in postmitotic, differentiated osteoblast-like cells. Mineralization of mature cultures requires the presence of beta-glycerol phosphate. Thus, MC3T3-E1 cells display a time-dependent and sequential expression of osteoblast characteristics analogous to in vivo bone formation. The developmental sequence associated with MC3T3-E1 differentiation should provide a useful model to study the signals that mediate the switch between proliferation and differentiation in bone cells, as well as provide a renewable culture system to examine the molecular mechanism of osteoblast maturation and the formation of bone-like extracellular matrix.
Familial Ventricular Arrhythmias in Boxers (1999)

The purposes of this study were to evaluate families of Boxers with ventricular arrhythmias to determine whether this disorder is a familial trait and, if so, to determine the mode of inheritance. Eighty-two Boxers were evaluated by physical examination, electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, and 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiogram. Dogs were considered affected if at least 50 premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) were observed during a 24-hour period. All dogs were at least 6 years of age at evaluation. Complete cardiovascular examinations were performed on dogs from 6 extended families. The 2 most complete pedigrees were used to determine the pattern of inheritance. The number of PVCs observed during a 24-hour period in affected dogs ranged from 112 to 4,894 (mean +/- SD, median; 1,309 +/- 2,609, 1,017). The number of PVCs observed during a 24-hour period in the unaffected dogs ranged from 0 to 16 (7 +/- 10, 12). Pedigree evaluation was performed to determine pattern of inheritance. An autosomal dominant pattern was determined to be most likely because a sex predisposition was not observed, affected individuals were observed in every generation, and 2 affected individuals produced unaffected offspring. We conclude that familial ventricular arrhythmias is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait in some Boxers.
DERIVING AN ELECTRIC CIRCUIT EQUIVALENT MODEL OF CELL MEMBRANE PORES IN ELECTROPORATION (2013)

Electroporation is the formation of reversible pores in cell membranes under a brief pulse of high electric field. Dynamics of pore formation during electroporation suggests that the transmembrane potential would settle approximately at the threshold transmembrane potential and the transmembrane resistance would decrease significantly from the state of relaxation. The current electric circuit equivalent models for electroporation containing time-invariant, static and passive components are unable to capture the pore dynamics. A biophysically-inspired electric circuit equivalent model containing dynamic components for membrane pores has been derived using biological parameters. The model contains a voltage-controlled resistor driven by a two-stage cascaded integrator that is activated through a voltage-gated switch. Simulation results with the derived model showed higher accuracy compared to a commonly used model, where the transmembrane resistance decreased million-fold at the onset of electroporation and the transmembrane potential settled at 99.5% of the critical transmembrane potential, thus enabling improved dynamic behavior modeling ability of the pores in electroporation. The derived model allows fast and reliable analysis of this biophysical phenomenon and potentially aids in optimization of various parameters involved in electroporation.
Contrin, the Human Homologue of a Germ‐Cell Y‐Box‐Binding Protein: Cloning, Expression, and Chromosomal Localization (1999)

Inactivation of germ-cell-specific molecules essential for the production of functional spermatozoa could lead to attractive new means for male contraception. The mouse protein MSY2 is the mammalian homologue of a class of Xenopus DNA/RNA-binding proteins needed for the transcription of testis-specific genes and for translational repression (masking) of paternal mRNAs. In this report, we describe the human homologue for MSY2, Contrin. Sequence analysis of Contrin cDNAs predicts a protein highly similar to its mouse and Xenopus germ-cell Y-box protein homologues with a cold shock domain and four basic/aromatic islands. Contrin is highly basic and is rich in the amino acids arginine and proline. It contains seven putative casein kinase 2 phosphorylation sites and three putative protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, suggesting that Contrin could be highly phosphorylated in vivo. The predicted protein sequence contains two nuclear localization signals, consistent with its predicted role of shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm. Contrin maps to human chromosome 17p11.2-13.1. By the criteria of northern and western blotting, Contrin appears to be testis specific and distinct from other mammalian Y-box-binding proteins. We predict that inactivation of Contrin function in mammalian germ cells would prevent the formation of functional male gametes.
Carbon Capture in Metal–Organic Frameworks (2018)

Carbon dioxide, an important chemical gas found in the atmosphere, is critical for the continuation of life on earth. This molecule is required for photosynthesis that fuels plants, which serve as the main source of food for all humans and animals and further produces oxygen that is essential for human respiration.[1] Studies have shown that a small accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere is necessary to warm earth to a level where glaciation is inhibited, producing an environment where plant and animal life can thrive[2]. However, there is recent evidence that human activity related to energy production is generating an abundance of CO2 in the atmosphere that can no longer be balanced by earth's natural cycles, an act that is expected to confront mankind with serious environmental problems in the future. Since CO2 is the most abundantly produced greenhouse gas (Figure 1),[3] it is directly implemented in global warming. It is predicted that if the negligent release of CO2 persists it could have detrimental effects on our environment that include: melting ice caps, rising sea levels, strong changes in weather patterns, ocean acidification, ozone layer depletion, poor air quality, and desertification; all of these things could lead to the potential demise of the human, plant, and animal life making CO2 mitigation an urgent need[4, 5].
Morphological characterization of bioerodible polymers. 3. Characterization of the erosion and intact zones in polyanhydrides using scanning electron microscopy (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMorphological characterization of bioerodible polymers. 3. Characterization of the erosion and intact zones in polyanhydrides using scanning electron microscopyEdith Mathiowitz, Jules Jacob, Kathleen Pekarek, and Donald Chickering IIICite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 6756–6765Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00077a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal sparse representations in general overcomplete bases (2004)

We consider the problem of enforcing a sparsity prior in underdetermined linear problems, which is also known as sparse signal representation in overcomplete bases. The problem is combinatorial in nature, and a direct approach is computationally intractable, even for moderate data sizes. A number of approximations have been considered in the literature, including stepwise regression, matching pursuit and its variants, and, recently, basis pursuit (/spl lscr//sub 1/) and also /spl lscr//sub p/-norm relaxations with p<1. Although the exact notion of sparsity (expressed by an /spl lscr//sub 0/-norm) is replaced by /spl lscr//sub 1/ and /spl lscr//sub p/ norms in the latter two, it can be shown that under some conditions these relaxations solve the original problem exactly. The seminal paper of D.L. Donoho and X. Huo (see Stanford Univ. Tech. report: http://www-sccm.stanford.edu/pub/sccm/sccm02-17.pdf) establishes this fact for /spl lscr//sub 1/ (basis pursuit) for a special case where the linear operator is composed of an orthogonal pair. We extend their results to a general underdetermined linear operator. Furthermore, we derive conditions for the equivalence of /spl lscr//sub 0/ and /spl lscr//sub p/ problems, and extend the results to the problem of enforcing sparsity with respect to a transformation (which includes total variation priors as a special case). Finally, we describe an interesting result relating the sign patterns of solutions to the question of /spl lscr//sub 1/-/spl lscr//sub 0/ equivalence.
Active control of noise transmission through a panel into a cavity. III: Effect of the actuator location (1991)

The effect of the location of a point force used to control sound transmission through a panel backed by a cavity has been theoretically analyzed for a single frequency plane-wave incident sound field. Although the simple quadratic relationship between the point force phase and amplitude and the resulting interior noise level is well known, there is no such quadratic relationship between point force location and the resulting minimum achievable sound energy in the cavity. Results obtained here demonstrate that for a particular type of incident sound field, the optimum locations for the actuator producing the point force can be obtained by a global evaluation of the total sound energy in the cavity as a function of actuator location. It is demonstrated that a controller that drives an actuator placed at the optimum location will always produce a better attenuation performance than one that drives a randomly located actuator. It is shown that there might be more than one location at which a single actuator may achieve a similar minimum sound energy level in the cavity. However, the best actuator location is determined by considering other constraints, such as control force amplitude and the structural vibration level.
Assessment of an Anomaly Detector for Jet Engine Health Monitoring (2011)

The goal of module performance analysis is to reliably assess the health of the main components of an aircraft engine. A predictive maintenance strategy can leverage this information to increase operability and safety as well as to reduce costs. Degradation undergone by an engine can be divided into gradual deterioration and accidental events. Kalman filters have proven very efficient at tracking progressive deterioration but are poor performers in the face of abrupt events. Adaptive estimation is considered as an appropriate solution to this deficiency. This paper reports the evaluation of the detection capability of an adaptive diagnosis tool on the basis of simulated scenarios that may be encountered during the operation of a commercial turbofan engine. The diagnosis tool combines a Kalman filter and a secondary system that monitors the residuals. This auxiliary component implements a generalised likelihood ratio test in order to detect abrupt events.
Adjuvant chemotherapy with oxaliplatin/5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FOLFOX) versus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (FL) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery: A randomized phase II study (The ADORE). (2013)

3570 Background: Preoperative chemoradiotherapy (Pre-CRT) with fluoropyrimidines (Fp) followed by surgery is one of the standard treatments for patients (pts) with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy is still controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of adjuvant FOLFOX for LARC pts who underwent Fp-based Pre-CRT and complete total mesorectal excision (TME). Methods: This randomised phase II study accrued LARC pts whose ypStage was II (ypT3-4/ypN0) or III (any ypT/ypN1-2) after Fp-based Pre-CRT followed by TME. Pts were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive adjuvant chemotherapy either with FL (5-FU 380 mg/m 2 , leucovorin 20 mg/m 2 on D1-5 q 4 weeks X 4 cycles) or FOLFOX (oxaliplatin 85 mg/m 2 , leucovorin 200 mg/m 2 on D1, 5-FU bolus 400 mg/m 2 on D1, 5-FU infusion 2400 mg/m 2 for 46 hours q 2 weeks X 8 cycles). The primary endpoint was disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 320 pts were randomly assigned (161 FL and 159 FOLFOX) between November 2008 and June 2012, the arms were balanced. By intent-to-treat analysis, estimated 2-year DFS rate was 82.0% in FOLFOX arm and 69.4% in FL arm (HR 0.46 [95% CI, 0.28-0.76], p=0.002) after the median follow-up duration of 22.5 months. The statistical improvements of DFS were maintained regardless of ypStage: 2-year DFS rate was 89.7% (FOLFOX) vs 76.4% (FL) in pts (n=122) with ypStage II (HR 0.32 [0.10-0.98], p=0.035), and 78.1% (FOLFOX) vs 64.4% (FL) in pts (n=198) with ypStage III (HR 0.49, [0.27-0.86], p=0.011). All grade leucopenia (32% vs 22%), neutropenia (70% vs 46%), thrombocytopenia (26% vs 2%) and sensory neuropathy (71% vs5%) were more frequently observed in FOLFOX arm; however, grade 3/4 adverse events (AE) were not different between arms. Conclusions: Adjuvant FOLFOX improved 2-year DFS relative to FL for LARC pts whose ypStage II or III after Fp-based Pre-CRT followed by TME. Significant AEs were not different between arms. The DFS results will be updated in the presentation. Clinical trial information: NCT00807911.
Morgana acts as a proto‐oncogene through inhibition of a <scp>ROCK–PTEN</scp> pathway (2014)

Morgana/CHP-1 is a ubiquitously expressed protein able to inhibit ROCK II kinase activity. We have previously demonstrated that morgana haploinsufficiency leads to multiple centrosomes, genomic instability, and higher susceptibility to tumour development. While a large fraction of human cancers has shown morgana down-regulation, a small subset of tumours was shown to express high morgana levels. Here we demonstrate that high morgana expression in different breast cancer subtypes correlates with high tumour grade, mitosis number, and lymph node positivity. Moreover, morgana overexpression induces transformation in NIH-3T3 cells and strongly protects them from various apoptotic stimuli. From a mechanistic point of view, we demonstrate that morgana causes PTEN destabilization, by inhibiting ROCK activity, hence triggering the PI3K/AKT survival pathway. In turn, morgana down-regulation in breast cancer cells that express high morgana levels increases PTEN expression and leads to sensitization of cells to chemotherapy.
The Effect of Neostigmine, Atropine and Ephedrine on Heart Rate in Man  (1966)

The effects of different doses of neostigmine methylsulfate, atropine sulfate and ephedrine on the heart rate in fit volunteers were studied. Neostigmine decreased heart rate equally in unmedicated subjects and in subjects premedicated with 25 mg. ephedrine, but decreased the rate much more in subjects premedicated with 0.6 to 1.5 mg. atropine sulfate. Under the experimental conditions, from sevenfold to twentyfold doses of atropine sulfate were required to block completely the effect of neostigmine methylsulfate on heart rate. About twice the weight of atropine sulfate was required to prevent neostigmine methylsulfate from lowering heart rates below base line. The effect of neostigmine on heart rate began within a minute after intravenous injection, reached a maximum in about 20 minutes, and lasted for more than an hour.
Polymer pattern formation on SiO2 surfaces using surface monolayer initiated polymerization (2001)

The use of surface monolayer initiated polymerization, in which initiators are chemically bound to a surface, can generate robust barrier polymers for pattern formation in silicon by reactive ion etching. The combination of poly(vinylarenes) and a new surface initiator based upon a phenylazo initiator provides excellent etch resistance and superior performance.
BCRP expression is functionally upregulated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB1) mediated signaling in human ovarian cancer cell lines, but not in human breast cancer cell lines (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

614 

Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) causes an ATP-dependent multidrug resistance phenotype. Although an increased level of BCRP expression has been reported in many types of human cancers, little is known about molecular mechanism(s) of BCRP upregulation. Receptor tyrosine kinases have an important role in malignant transformation of various epithelial cells. In particular, expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor on malignant cells of epithelial origin results in dysregulation of major signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, senescence, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we study whether signaling mediated by EGFR/ErbB1 is involved in BCRP expression in breast and ovarian cancer. The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 and the ovarian cancer cell lines Igorv1 and SKOV3 cells were treated with EGF under serum-free conditions, then the level of BCRP mRNA or protein was determined by qRT-PCR or Western blot, respectively. Previous investigators have shown that EGFR is expressed in each of these four cell lines. BCRP mRNA expression was increased 3- or 2-fold in Igrov1 or SKOV3 cells treated with EGF (10 or 50 ng/mL) for 24 hours, respectively, but not in MCF-7 or MDA-MB231 cells. BCRP expression induced by EGF in Igrov1 cells was completely abolished in the presence of AG1478 (10 μM), a tyrosine kinase inhibitor specific to EGFR/ErbB1. LY294002 (10 μM), an inhibitor of phosphoinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), partially blocked this effect, indicating a complicated signaling network is involved that includes the PI3K/Akt pathway, and other pathways. Western blot analysis revealed that EGF (10, 25, 50 ng/mL, 24 hours) caused upregulation of BCRP protein expression in Igrov1 cells. To determine whether BCRP expression induced by EGF leads to drug-resistance, cellular survival against mitoxantrone was measured in Igrov1 cells treated with and without EGF (10 ng/mL) in the absence or presence of FTC (10 μM) for 48 hours. When cells were exposed to mitoxantrone at 0.1, 0.3, or 1 μM, survival of EGF-treated cells was significantly higher that that in untreated control. Furthermore, EGF-treated cells were completely sensitized to mitoxantrone in the presence of FTC, suggesting that BCRP is responsible for the mitoxantrone resistance observed in the EGF-treated cells. In conclusion, signaling pathways downstream from EGFR/ErbB1 result in BCRP overexpression in human ovarian cancer cell lines. The molecular basis for lack of EGF stimulation of BCRP expression in human breast cancer cell lines is currently under investigation.
Cognitive and neural strategies during control of the anterior cingulate cortex by fMRI neurofeedback in patients with schizophrenia (2015)

Cognitive functioning is impaired in patients with schizophrenia, leading to significant disabilities in everyday functioning. Its improvement is an important treatment target. Neurofeedback (NF) seems a promising method to address the neural dysfunctions underlying those cognitive impairments. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a central hub for cognitive processing, is one of the brain regions known to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. Here we conducted NF training based on real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in patients with schizophrenia to enable them to control their ACC activity. Training was performed over 3 days in a group of 11 patients with schizophrenia and 11 healthy controls. Social feedback was provided in accordance with the evoked activity in the selected region of interest (ROI). Neural and cognitive strategies were examined off-line. Both groups learned to control the activity of their ACC but used different neural strategies: patients activated the dorsal and healthy controls the rostral subdivision. Patients mainly used imagination of music to elicit activity and the control group imagination of sports. In a stepwise regression analysis, the difference in neural control did not result from the differences in cognitive strategies but from diagnosis alone. Based on social reinforcers, patients with schizophrenia can learn to regulate localized brain activity. However, cognitive strategies and neural network location differ from healthy controls. These data emphasize that for therapeutic interventions in patients with schizophrenia compensatory strategies may emerge. Specific cognitive skills or specific dysfunctional networks should be addressed to train impaired skills. Social NF based on fMRI may be one method to accomplish precise learning targets.