gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Water Soluble Donor–Acceptor [2]Catenane that Can Switch between a Coplanar and a Gemini‐Sign Conformation (2010)

When the moon is in the seventh house: A conformationally switchable donor–acceptor [2]catenane was synthesized from a dynamic combinatorial library in water. The arrangement of the π units in one of the observed conformations features an unprecedented Gemini shape, which is reminiscent of the astrological Gemini sign (see picture). The catenane can be switched between the parallel and nonparallel conformations upon thermal, chemical, or hydrophobic stimuli. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Velocity estimation from images sequence and application to super-resolution (2003)

We present a method for approximating optical flow (velocity field) by a scaled piece-wise regular vector field. The method can be formulated in a variational manner that has a strong analogy to the Mumford and Shah (1985) functional for segmenting gray level image and in particular to the region merging minimization procedure described by Morel and Soluminini (1995). The proposed functional balances a complexity term (which can be the usual sum of the boundary length) to the "ability" of pixels to move together (that is with the same model of velocity regardless of what it is). A key point that allows the method to overcome, to some extent, the non-uniqueness of the optical flow is that the segmentation is performed without any attribution of velocities to pixels or regions. Finally, we show that the obtained velocity field is, in some cases, accurate enough to perform a "Frame-Fusion" process. We show some applications of this "super-resolution" for law enforcement.
Refractive Index and Concentration Profiles of Proton-Exchanged LiNbO3 Waveguides (1989)

The extraordinary refractive index profile of proton-exchanged LiNbO3 waveguides as well as the proton and lithium distributions are investigated. The exchange is effected by pure benzoic acid and with lithium benzoate as an additive, on pure and magnesium doped LiNbO3 substrates. The refractive index profiles are reconstructed from measured effective indices by a very reliable improved inverse WKB procedure. Marked deviations from step-function-type profiles are found. The same holds for the lithium distribution which has been determined by SIMS. To check the reconstruction procedure, the waveguiding layer is gradually polished off, and the modes of the remaining guide are measured and fitted. Simultaneously, the infrared absorption by OH- stretching vibrations is recorded. Its cross section is determined to be (4 ± 2) × 10−19 cm2. The effect of adding lithium benzoate, of doping with magnesium as well as annealing, on the stability of the refractive index profile is discussed. Das außerordentliche Brechzahlprofil protononeusgetauschter LiNbO3-Wellenleiter sowie die Protonen- und Lithiumverteilung werden untersucht. Ausgetauscht wird mit Hilfe reiner und mit Lithiumbenzoat versetzter Benzoesäure, und zwar auf unbehandelten und mit Magnesium dotierten LiNbO3-Substraten. Die Brechzahlprofile werden aus gemessenen effektiven Brechzahlen mit einem sehr zuverlässigen inversen WKB-Verfahren rekonstruiert. Man findet deutliche Abweichungen von der Stufenform. Dasselbe gilt für die Lithiumverteilung, die mit SIMS bestimmt wurde. Um das Rekonstruktionsverfahren zu überprüfen, polieren wir die wellenleitende Schicht stufenweise ab, messen die effektiven Brechzahlen des restlichen Wellenleiters, passen diese an und zeichnen zugleich die Infrarotabsorption infolge von OH−-Streckschwingungen auf. Man erhält einen Wirkungsquerschnitt von (4 ± 2) × 10−19 cm2. Es wird diskutiert, wie der Zusatz von Lithiumbenzoat, die Dotierung mit Magnesium sowie thermisches Ausheilen die Stabilität der Brechzahlprofile beeinflußt.
Separator Materials Influence on Supercapacitors Performance in Viscous Electrolytes (2015)

Influence of separator material on the high and low frequency series resistance, characteristic time constant, energy and power densities of the supercapacitors (SCs), based on two identical ideally polarizable microporous titanium carbide-derived carbon electrodes in different electrolytes: 1M (C 2 H 5 ) 3 CH 3 NBF 4 in acetonitrile (AN) solution, 1M (C 2 H 5 ) 3 CH 3 NBF 4 in dimethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate (DMC:EC:PC) mixture, and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid, has been tested by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and constant power discharge methods. Four different separator materials were studied, two commercial ones TF4425 and Celgard2400, and two self-made PVDF membranes with different morphologies. Influence of temperature on the SC characteristics has been performed at +24 and -30 °C with SCs completed with 1M (C 2 H 5 ) 3 CH 3 NBF 4 in AN and in DMC:EC:PC electrolytes. It was established that the separator material structure and chemical composition noticeably influences the high frequency series resistance, phase angle, characteristic time constant and power density values of SC.
Development of low resistance electrical contacts for thermoelectric devices based on n-type PbTe and p-type TAGS-85 ((AgSbTe<sub>2</sub>)<sub>0.15</sub>(GeTe)<sub>0.85</sub>) (2008)

Diffusion bonded very low resistance electrical contacts (specific contact resistance <10 µΩ cm2) have been developed on n-type PbTe and p-type TAGS-85 ((AgSbTe2)0.15(GeTe)0.85) thermoelements. Thermoelectric devices (TEDs) having two p–n couples in series (each of four elements having 7.5 mm diameter) generated an output power of 1.2 W (at an operating current of ~17 A) at hot side temperature Th = 500 °C and a temperature difference ΔT = 410 °C. Internal resistance of the devices was found to increase linearly with an increase in the number of thermoelements. The efficiency of developed TEDs was found to be 6%. The devices have been operated continuously for more than 8 months in air without any degradation of the output power.
The role of heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) in the postsynaptic induction in cultured muscle cells (1995)

The heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPGs) is a components of the extracellular matrix of skeletal muscle that is concentrated at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Recent studies have suggested that HSPG, together with its bound peptide growth factors, plays important roles in autocrine or paracrine types of regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM; also known as pleiotrophin, or p18) is a newly discovered HSPG-bound factor that is expressed at high levels in the developing CNS and PNS. In this study, we examined the role of this factor in NMJ development by examining its relationship to the formation of ACh receptor (AChR) clusters. Using an antibody against recombinant rat brain HB-GAM, we found that this protein is present prominently on the surface of cultured Xenopus myotomal muscle cells by immunocytochemistry. It is associated with HSPGs as evidenced by the fact that heparin and heparinase treatment greatly diminished the antibody labeling. HB-GAM is concentrated at preexisting AChR hot spots as well as at those induced by polystyrene beads. In addition, this molecule is also concentrated at AChR clusters induced by spinal cord neurons in nerve- muscle cocultures. To assess its function in synaptic induction, we applied recombinant HB-GAM-coated beads to cultured muscle cells to effect its focal presentation. Over 70% of these beads induced the formation of AChR clusters as shown by fluorescent alpha-bungarotoxin labeling. Furthermore, bath application of HB-GAM inhibited the nerve- induced formation of AChR clusters. Thus, HB-GAM is an endogenous muscle-derived factor that may be a component of the molecular mechanism in postsynaptic induction.
Role of Regulatory T Cell and Effector T Cell Exhaustion in Liver-Mediated Transgene Tolerance in Muscle (2019)

The pro-tolerogenic environment of the liver makes this tissue an ideal target for gene replacement strategies. In other peripheral tissues such as the skeletal muscle, anti-transgene immune response can result in partial or complete clearance of the transduced fibers. Here, we characterized liver-induced transgene tolerance after simultaneous transduction of liver and muscle. A clinically relevant transgene, α-sarcoglycan, mutated in limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D, was fused with the SIINFEKL epitope (hSGCA-SIIN) and expressed with adeno-associated virus vectors (AAV-hSGCA-SIIN). Intramuscular delivery of AAV-hSGCA-SIIN resulted in a strong inflammatory response, which could be prevented and reversed by concomitant liver expression of the same antigen. Regulatory T cells and upregulation of checkpoint inhibitor receptors were required to establish and maintain liver-mediated peripheral tolerance. This study identifies the fundamental role of the synergy between Tregs and upregulation of checkpoint inhibitor receptors in the liver-mediated control of anti-transgene immunity triggered by muscle-directed gene transfer.
Qualitative assessment of human exposure to consumption of injection site residues (2006)

The recent adoption of the guideline on injection site residues in food producing animals by the Committee for Medicinal Products for Veterinary Use (CVMP) raised the question on the risk specifically related to injection site consumption. As noted in this guideline, residues at injection sites commonly deplete erratically. For the calculation of withdrawal time, treating residues at the injection site like those that occur in other tissues is questionable. An assessment of the risk related to the consumption of a whole or part of an injection site during a year was performed using a probabilistic approach. The risk assessment was modelled on the regimen of a 7-day antibiotic treatment, and was calculated on the scale of the European Union (EU) as a whole or of each European country. Our analysis indicated a maximal risk of 4 days of injection site consumption during a year in the EU. It also indicated that 37% of consumers would never eat an injection site in the same period. These results suggest that the risk of injection site consumption belongs more appropriately to an acute exposure risk than to a chronic one which is usually posed by the residues present in other edible tissues.
Clinical Status in Patients Who Restrictive Pattern on Doppler Transmitral Flow Pattern (1997)

Background：Restrictive pattern on Doppler transmitral flow pattern represent reduced left\nventricular compliance and associated with poor prognosis in patients with systolic dysfunction due\nto congestive heart failure or myocaridal infarction. Although there are many clinical evaluation\nabout clinical significance of restrictive transmitral flow pattern, investigation about what kinds\nof disease reveal the characteristic restrictive transmitral flow pattern and significance according\nto criteria of restrictive transmitral flow pattern is few. Therefore, we have analyzed patients with\nrestrictive transmitral flow pattern in order to evaluate clinical diagnosis and clinical significance\naccording to criteria of restrictive transmitral flow pattern.\nMethods：The study population consisted of 229 patients(male 129 patients, female 102 patients,\nmean age 40.6 years old) who show E/A ratio>2 on Doppler echocardiography from september\n1994 to aprial 1996. We have reviewed the medical records of that patients.\nResults：\n1) In case of patients more than 2 at E/A ratio, we found that subjects not related with cardiovascular\ndiseases were 76 persons(33.2%), valvular heart disease 75 patients(32.3%), ischemic\nheart disease 25 patients(10.9%), cardiomyopathy 16 patients(6.9%). Among valvular heart disease,\nmitral regurgitation was most frequently observed(44.5%). In these patients, patients with\nleft ventricular systolic dysfunction were 60 patients(26.2%).\n2) Patients more than 2 at E/A ratio and less than 150msec at deceleration time of E wave\nwere 126 patients(55.0%). In these patients, we found that valvular heart disease was also most\nfrequently observed(49 patients, 38.8%), subjects not related with cardiovascular diseases 30persons(23.8%), cardiomyopathy 15 patients(11.9%), pericarditis 7 patients(5.6%), hypertension 3\npatients(2-3%). Patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction in this group were 39 patients\n(31.0%).\nConclusion：Although restrictive transmitral flow pattern on Doppler echocardiography represents\nreduced compliance of left ventricle or severe heart failure in patients with symptoms of\ncongestive heart failure, this pattern also may be seen in persons not related with cardiovascular\ndisease. Therefore, when making dicision about clinical significance of restrictive pattern, one\nshould consider about any factors can influece the transmitral flow pattern and correlate the\nclinical diagnosis with mitral flow velocity.\nKEY WORDS：Restrictive pattern·Doppler transmitral flow pattern.
KINETIC RESPONSE OF SURFACES DEFINED BY FINITE FRACTALS (2010)

Historically, fractal analysis has been remarkably successful in describing wide ranging kinetic processes on (idealized) scale invariant objects in terms of elegantly simple universal scaling laws. However, as nanostructured materials find increasing applications in energy storage, energy conversion, healthcare, etc., one must reexamine the premise of traditional fractal scaling laws as it only applies to physically unrealistic infinite systems, while all natural/engineered systems are necessarily finite. In this article, we address the consequences of the 'finite-size' problem in the context of time dependent diffusion towards fractal surfaces via the novel technique of Cantor-transforms to (i) illustrate how finiteness modifies its classical scaling exponents; (ii) establish that for finite systems, the diffusion-limited reaction is decelerated below a critical dimension [Formula: see text] and accelerated above it; and (iii) to identify the crossover size-limits beyond which a finite system can be considered (practically) infinite and redefine the very notion of 'finiteness' of fractals in terms of its kinetic response. Our results have broad implications regarding dynamics of systems defined by the same fractal dimension, but differentiated by degree of scaling iteration or morphogenesis, e.g. variation in lung capacity between a child and adult.
Nerve palsy after leg lengthening in total replacement arthroplasty for developmental dysplasia of the hip (1999)

We reviewed 508 consecutive total hip replacements in 370 patients with old developmental dysplasia of the hip, to relate the amount of leg lengthening to the incidence of nerve palsies after operation. There were eight nerve palsies (two femoral, six sciatic), two complete and six incomplete. We found no statistical correlation between the amount of lengthening and the incidence of nerve damage (p = 0.47), but in seven of the eight hips, the surgeon had rated the intervention as difficult because of previous surgery, severe deformity, a defect of the acetabular roof, or considerable flexion deformity. The correlation between difficulty and nerve palsy was significant (p = 0.041). We conclude that nerve injury is most commonly caused by direct or indirect mechanical trauma and not by limb lengthening on its own.
Development of State of the Art Dynamic Stress Prediction Methodology for Steam Turbines (2011)

To predict the dynamic stresses due to forced response of steam turbine blades, a commercial FE solver ABAQUS has been linked with an in-house CFD solver TF3D-VIB, in the time domain in both one-way and two-way coupling. Both methods have been applied to analyse a freestanding subsonic turbine stage excited by upstream flow perturbations. Over a frequency range the peak responses are very similar, but the peak response of two-way coupling is shifted to a lower frequency, due to the aerodynamic coupling effect of fluid-structure interaction. That means a speed / frequency sweep is necessary to search for the peak response in two-way coupling. However, in one-way coupling, the frequency shift can be derived from the vibration induced modal force, and only one calculation is needed to predict the response over a range of frequency ratio using the classic single degree-of-freedom equation. One calculation using two-way coupling typically takes seven times more computing time than one-way coupling. The total computing time for two-way coupling to define the response characteristic is therefore much higher; more calculations are needed and each calculation takes much longer. Thus a one-way coupling method including the frequency shift correction is much more practical and suitable for blade design iterations. The blade forced response is also limited by damping. In the case of low damping such as material only damping, this can be well represented in the harmonic ABAQUS calculation. However, high values of nonlinear damping can be deliberately introduced by managing the friction forces at blade root attachment. The nonlinear damping can be simulated directly by ABAQUS/Explicit method, convergence criteria often lead to excessive runtimes. Therefore a simple mass/spring model has been developed, which applies an exciting force to a system comprising two masses and springs to represent the blade and the root respectively and includes modelling of both the stick and slip forces of the root due to friction. Both the masses and their spring stiffness are chosen to produce either the sticking natural frequency (with infinite friction) or sliding natural frequency (zero friction). Using the simple two-mass model, the significant nonlinear response pattern is demonstrated. The resulting pattern has been verified against the ABAQUS/Explicit method. This allows the blade forced response prediction from the one way coupling to be further corrected to account for the nonlinear friction damping effect.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Matrix Protein Interacts with Cellular Protein HO3 (1998)

The matrix (MA) protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays a critical role in virion morphogenesis and fulfills important functions during the early steps of infection. In an effort to identify cellular partners of MA, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae two-hybrid screen was utilized. A specific interaction between MA and HO3, a putative histidyl-tRNA synthetase, was demonstrated in this system. HO3-specific mRNA was detected in several tissues relevant for HIV infection, such as spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as in a number of T-lymphoid-cell lines. The binding of MA to HO3 was confirmed in transfected cells by coimmunoprecipitation. This interaction was abrogated by replacing two lysine residues at positions 26 and 27 of MA by threonine (MA(KK27TT)). HO3 localized both to the cytoplasm and to the nucleus of acutely transfected 293T cells. When overexpressed in HIV-1-producing cells, HO3 was incorporated into wild-type virions but not in ones containing the dilysine-mutated variant of MA. Correspondingly, overexpression of HO3 in virus producer cells enhanced the infectivity of wild-type but not MA(KK27AA) HIV-1 particles. The stimulating effect of HO3 was independent from the presence of Envelope, Vpr, or Vpu. Taken together, these results suggest that HO3, through its recognition of MA, plays a role in the life cycle of HIV-1.
Formation, Reactivity, and Properties of Nondative Late Transition Metal−Oxygen and −Nitrogen Bonds (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionFormation, Reactivity, and Properties of Nondative Late Transition Metal−Oxygen and −Nitrogen BondsJ. Robin Fulton, Andrew W. Holland, Daniel J. Fox, and Robert G. BergmanCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 2002, 35, 2, 137Publication Date (Web):January 25, 2002Publication History Published online25 January 2002Published inissue 1 February 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar020005wCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views495Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (7 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Conformational analysis of the Gα<sub>s</sub> protein <i>C</i>‐terminal region (2002)

The C-terminal domain of the heterotrimeric G protein a-subunits plays a key role in selective activation of G proteins by their cognate receptors. Several C-terminal fragments of Galpha(s) (from 11 to 21 residues) were recently synthesized. The ability of these peptides to stimulate agonist binding was found to be related to their size. Galpha(s)(380-394) is a 15-mer peptide of intermediate length among those synthesized and tested that displays a biological activity surprisingly weak compared with that of the corresponding 21-mer peptide, shown to be the most active. In the present investigation, Galpha(s)(380-394) was subjected to a conformational NMR analysis in a fluorinated isotropic environment. An NMR structure, calculated on the basis of the data derived from conventional 1D and 2D homonuclear experiments, shows that the C-terminal residues of Galpha(s)(380-394) are involved in a helical arrangement whose length is comparable to that of the most active 21 -mer peptide. A comparative structural refinement of the NMR structures of Galpha(s)(380-394) and Galpha(s)(374-394)C379A was performed using molecular dynamics calculations. The results give structural elements to interpret the role played by both the backbone conformation and the side chain arrangement in determining the activity of the G protein C-terminal fragments. The orientation of the side chains allows the peptides to assume contacts crucial for the G protein/receptor interaction. In the 15-mer peptide the lack as well as the disorder of some N-terminal residues could explain the low biological activity observed.
Quadratic soliton interactions in a bulk medium (1999)

The perspective of all-optical switching and controlling light by light made a study of soliton interactions more exciting [1]. It is remarkable that interacting spatial solitons can be considered as particles [2,3]. Interactions of (1+1)-D quadratic solitons were studied numerically in [4,5] and (2+l)-D solitons in [6-8].