gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dissection of VirB, a Key Regulator of the Virulence Cascade of Shigella flexneri (2002)

The VirB protein is a key regulator of virulence gene expression in the facultative enteroinvasive pathogen Shigella flexneri. While genetic evidence has shown that it is required for activation of transcription of virulence genes located on a 230-kb plasmid in this bacterium, hitherto, evidence that VirB is a DNA-binding protein has been lacking. Although VirB shows extensive homology to proteins involved in plasmid partitioning, it does not resemble any known conventional transcription factor. Here we show for the first time that VirB binds to the promoter regions of the virulence genes in vivo. We also show that VirB forms dimeric and higher oligomeric structures both in vivo and in vitro and that this property is independent of DNA binding. The oligomerization activity of VirB is distributed over two domains: a leucine zipper-like motif and a carboxyl-terminal domain likely to form triple coiled structures. VirB possesses a helix-turn-helix motif, which is required for DNA binding. The amino-terminal domain of the protein is also required for DNA binding and virulence gene activation. The possibility that VirB requires a co-factor for specific interaction with target promoters in vivo is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: GABA Agonists and Uptake Inhibitors. Synthesis, Absolute Stereochemistry, and Enantioselectivity of (R)‐(‐)‐ and (S)‐(+)‐Homo‐β‐proline. (1990)

Abstract Starting with the cyclization of (R)‐(+)‐1‐phenylethylamine (I) with itaconic acid (II), a diastereomeric mixture of the esters (V) is obtained.
Heterotrimeric liquid crystalline thiadiazole derivatives (1995)

Abstract Various trimeric co-oligomers combining 2-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole mesogenic moieties with a biphenyl mesogenic moiety were synthesized and their mesomorphic behaviour investigated by polarizing microscopy, calorimetry and X-ray scattering. Such co-oligomeric structures provide an opportunity to combine different mesogenic units. Thus readily accessible homochiral biphenyl mesogenic units were connected with thiadiazole mesogenic units leading to an oligomeric liquid crystal material with ferroelectric properties.
Recent developments of plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) in surface modification and engineering (2004)

Won the Excellent Young Scientist Paper Award in the 2004 Chinese Materials Research Conference (2004年中國材料研討會) organized by the Chinese Materials Research Society (China).
SPIEGLER-FENDT SARCOID (1956)

The last case report of Spiegler-Fendt sarcoid was that of Rostenberg and Siskind in 1950. 1 Since then very little additional light has been shed on its etiology or its nosologic position. Lewis' 2 review of the literature and classification, published in 1935, remains outstanding to the present. Perhaps continued reports, such as the one which follows, may help to place this disease in its proper classification. History A 46-year-old white married woman was referred to me on March 11, 1955, by Dr. Nelson Karbach Jr. She had had a complicated medical history dating back to 1942, when she reported having recovered from pulmonary tuberculosis. At various times since 1942 she had had cystitis, a cholecystectomy, an appendectomy, a uterine dilatation and curettage, a bilateral salpingectomy and a partial oophorectomy. She had suffered repeated prolonged upper respiratory infections resistant to therapy and always with normal roentgenograms of the
New Synthesis of 2-Aryl- and 2-Hetarylpyrroles from 1-Propargylbenzotriazole (1994)

1-(3-Lithiopropargyl)benzotriazole reacts with N-tosylarylimines to give adducts which undergo cycloelimination on treatment with ethanolic sodium hydroxide to afford 2-aryl- and 2-hetarylpyrroles in 45-60% yields. Treatment of 1-(1,3-dilithiopropargyl)benzotriazole successively with 1 equivalent of an alkyl halide followed by N-tosyl(1-naphthyl)imine and then ethanolic sodium hydroxide gives the corresponding 5-alkyl-2-(1-naphthyl)pyrroles in 43-56% yields.
Solid‐state lasers for projection (2010)

Abstract— The unique advantage of projection displays is the ability to produce large images from small devices. The use of lasers as the projection light source will mean a further step in terms of compactness as well as efficiency for projection systems. However, the advent of laser projection is currently still limited by the availability of low‐cost green lasers. Blue‐diode‐pumped solid‐state lasers are one promising way to realize green as well as red lasers that are specifically suited for projection applications. An efficient solid‐state laser that is based on Pr 3+ :YLF as the laser material, pumped by a blue‐laser diode and emitting at 523 nm, is presented here. The laser reaches power‐conversion efficiencies of more than 7% and output powers of up to 378 mW at green wavelengths. By making only minor modifications to the laser resonator, a red laser emitting at 640 nm can be realized within the same setup. An output power of 166 mW at a power‐conversion efficiency of 6.9% is demonstrated in the red. By combining a red‐ and a green‐emitting blue‐diode‐pumped solid‐state laser with another blue diode, an integrated RGB projection light source can be realized that is based on a single‐diode technology.
Special Session 8A: E.J. McCluskey Doctoral Thesis Award semi-final (2014)

Named after Prof. E.J. McCluskey, a key contributor to the field of test technology, the 2014 TTTC's Doctoral Thesis Award serves the purpose to i) promote the most impactful doctoral student work, ii) provide the students with the exposure to the community and the prospective employers, and iii) support interaction between academia and industry in the field of test technology. TTTC's E.J. McCluskey Best Doctoral Thesis Award will be given to the winning student of the doctoral student contest and his or her advisor. The award consists of a certificate, an honorarium and an invitation to submit a paper on the presented work to the IEEE Design & Test magazine. In this session, each contestant is given 10 minutes for presentation. After the end of all presentations, a poster session follows, Q&A from a panel of industry experts and the audience. The panel of experts will judge the presented doctoral theses with regards to theoretical advancement, industrial relevance and presentation. The grades submitted by the industrial panel will be combined with the grades given by the academic jury, consisting of distinguished professors. The winner will be announced during the VTS 2014 social event.
Effect of Overloads and Underloads on Fatigue Crack Growth and Interaction Effects (2004)

Abstract Under constant amplitude loading a single variable (ΔK) is required in crack growth relationships. The transferability of fatigue laws, determined under constant amplitude loading, to variable amplitude fatigue requires at least an additional variable, whose evolution with crack length accounts for the interaction effects between cycles of different types. The crack opening level (Kop) is usually employed for this purpose because it can be determined from the experiments and compared with predictions from models or FEM analyses. This paper presents an analysis of fatigue crack growth on M(T) specimens of medium carbon steel specimens and using FEM analyses. The specimens are subjected to repeated blocks of cycles made up of one or several overloads separated by a variable number of baseline cycles. The experiments are simulated by FEM analyses, taking into account the cyclic plastic behavior of the low carbon steel. The main objective of this study is to better understand the mechanisms at the origin of interactions effects due to the presence of overloads (or underloads) at different locations of the block loading. It is concluded that the interaction effects are closely related to the cyclic plastic behavior of the material and namely to the Bauschinger effect.
The effects of 8 weeks of whey or rice protein supplementation on body composition and exercise performance (2013)

Consumption of moderate amounts of animal-derived protein has been shown to differently influence skeletal muscle hypertrophy during resistance training when compared with nitrogenous and isoenergetic amounts of plant-based protein administered in small to moderate doses. Therefore, the purpose of the study was to determine if the post-exercise consumption of rice protein isolate could increase recovery and elicit adequate changes in body composition compared to equally dosed whey protein isolate if given in large, isocaloric doses.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Polyheterocycles by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation/CH Activation/Aryl–Aryl Bond‐Forming Domino Process (2003)

Eine katalytische Dominoreaktion bestehend aus intramolekularer N-Arylierung, C-H-Aktivierung und Aryl-Aryl-Kupplung führt zu Dihydroazaphenanthrenen, die an mittelgroße und große Ringsysteme anelliert sind (siehe Schema). Die Reaktion gelingt mit [Pd(dppf)Cl2], doch ein „ligandenfreies“ Katalysatorsystem auf Basis von Pd(OAc)2 ist ebenso gut (dppf=1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocen).
Chemical and UV Mutagenesis of Spores and Protonemal Tissue from the Moss <i>Physcomitrella patens</i> (2009)

INTRODUCTION This protocol describes how to mutagenize spores and protonemal tissue from moss ( Physcomitrella patens ) using chemicals or ultraviolet (UV) light. Spores are mutagenized using the alkylating agents N -methyl- N′ -nitro- N -nitrosoguanidine (NTG) and ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), and protonemal tissue is mutagenized with NTG and UV light. Compared to alkylating agents, UV is less effective as a mutagen, but it may be advantageous because it is less hazardous and may not lead to clustered lesions.
Prolonged chilling under moderate light: effect on photosynthetic activity measured with the photoacoustic method (1986)

Abstract Exposure of tomato plants to a mild chilling temperature and relatively low ambient photon flux density for an extended period (10°C and 400 μmol photons m −2 s −1 d and 5°C night for 6 d) resulted in a significant decrease in the variable chlorophyll fluorescence, the quantum yield of oxygen evolution and the amount of total absorbed energy stored in photochemical intermediates, but not in the chlorophyll concentration or in the activity of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase. These results indicate that photochemical processes involving PSII were affected, and might reflect photoinhibitory effects on the photosynthetic apparatus. Chilling treatment had relatively small influence on the maximal extent of the Emerson effect. This observation, together with the sharp decrease found in the quantum yield of oxygen evolution, could be reconciled with the above results only if some dependency between the two photosystems was assumed. On the basis of this interpretation, it was concluded that the strong Emerson effect after chilling still reflects the typical imbalance between PSI and PSII centres, even though populations of such unaffected pairs are smaller than in the untreated plants. The relatively new photoacoustic technique employed in this study is shown to be useful both as a diagnostic tool and as a means of investigating changes in photochemical activity in the study of environmental stress effects on photosynthesis. The results support the view that photoinhibition can play an important role in limiting photosynthetic activity, and therefore productivity, in chilling‐sensitive plants such as the tomato under the natural conditions that prevail during the winter in mediterranean climates.
Active microinterferometer with liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) for extended range static and dynamic micromembrane measurement (2004)

Increasing technological capabilities to produce active microelements (incl. microbeams, micromembranes and micromirrors) and their expanding areas of application introduce unprecedented requirements concerning their design and testing. Conventional two beam interferometry is one of the most popular testing method of microelements that have reflecting surface. Sometimes elements under test have complicated shape or shape gradients which restricts their testing by means of interferometer with flat reference mirror. In this paper we propose to use Liquid Crystal On Silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator which serves as an adaptive reference mirror and phase shifter in Twyman-Green interferometer applied for microelements measurement. Initial tests have been performed and results confirming applicability of LCOS in active interferometer system are presented.
Analysis of DNA fragmentation, plasma membrane translocation of phosphatidylserine and oxidative stress in human spermatozoa (2000)

(i) spermatozoa from infertile men display translocation of membrane phosphatidylserine as diagnosed by annexin V positive staining; (ii) DNA damage (fragmentation and presence of single-stranded DNA) can be detected in ejaculated spermatozoa from infertile men in fractions with low and high sperm motility, and (iii) there is a relationship between DNA damage and oxidative stress.
The Energetics of Electron Transfer at the Polypyrrole/Silicon Interface (1988)

Conducting polypyrrole (PP) films were grown onto n‐ and p‐type silicon electrodes. The flatband potentials, determined by ac impedance techniques, of n‐ and p‐type Si coated electrodes shift by 300 and 500 mV, respectively, for a 600 mV change in the electrochemical potential of PP . Open‐circuit photovoltages for these electrodes are dependent on. Photovoltages were observed for n‐Si electrodes when was more positive than +0.15V, and for p‐Si electrodes when was more negative than +0.5V. The Fermi level for the n‐Si/PP electrode shifts negatively upon illumination, whereas a positive shift is observed for the p‐Si/PP electrode. The presence of a depletion layer and a change in the semiconductor bandedges is thus indicated, and is believed due to facile electron transfer between Si surface states and the polymer film. The polymer film equilibrates rapidly with the ferrocene0/+ redox couple in solution, and can be tuned to a range of potentials determined by the concentration ratio of the oxidized and reduced forms. The PP film thus provides electronic communication between the Si electrode and the solution species.
Epidemiology and Prevention of Hepatitis A in Travelers (1995)

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine: September 1995 - Volume 37 - Issue 9 - p 1075-1076
Three-dimensional visualization of coated vesicle formation in fibroblasts. (1980)

Fibroblasts apparently ingest low density lipoproteins (LDL) by a selective mechanism of receptor-mediated endocytosis involving the formation of coated vesicles from the plasma membrane. However, it is not known exactly how coated vesicles collect LDL receptors and pinch off from the plasma membrane. In this report, the quick-freeze, deep-etch, rotary-replication method has been applied to fibroblasts; it displays with unusual clarity the coats that appear under the plasma membrane at the start of receptor-mediated endocytosis. These coats appear to be polygonal networks of 7-nm strands or struts arranged into 30-nm polygons, most of which are hexagons but some of which are 5- and 7-sided rings. The proportion of pentagons in each network increases as the coated area of the plasma membrane puckers up from its planar configuration (where the network is mostly hexagons) to its most sharply curved condition as a pinched-off coated vesicle. Coats around the smallest vesicles (which are icosahedrons of hexagons and pentagons) appear only slightly different from "empty coats" purified from homogenized brain, which are less symmetrical baskets containing more pentagons than hexagons. A search for structural intermediates in this coat transformation allows a test of T. Kanaseki and K. Kadota's (1969. J. Cell Biol. 42:202--220.) original idea that an internal rearrangement in this basketwork from hexagons to pentagons could "power" coated vesicle formation. The most noteworthy variations in the typical hexagonal honeycomb are focal juxtapositions of 5- and 7-sided polygons at points of partial contraction and curvature in the basketwork. These appear to precede complete contraction into individual pentagons completely surrounded by hexagons, which is the pattern that characterizes the final spherical baskets around coated vesicles.
Limbal allografting using FK-506 (multiple letters) [10] (1999)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Regulation of Wnt‐mediated developmental competency by Pygo‐Bcl9 during body axis specification in Xenopus (2010)

The early Xenopus embryo responds to the Wnt/β‐catenin intracellular signaling pathway by specifying dorsoanterior body structures. The loss of competence to specify the dorsal side at midblastula is followed closely by commitment to the dorsal lineage by transcriptional activation of dorsoanterior genes. The objective of our study is to determine the role of a core component duet of the β‐catenin transcription complex, made up of Pygopus and Legless/Bcl9 (Pygo‐Bcl9) during body axis specification in Xenopus embryos. Pygo‐Bcl9 recruits chromatin‐remodeling factors to the complex located at promoters of actively transcribing Wnt target genes. Maternal depletion of Bcl9 mRNA prevents body axis formation while co‐expression of Pygo‐Bcl9 ectopically activates dorsoanterior gene expression, inducing a supernumerary embryonic axis. Interestingly Bcl9 mRNA is present in the embryo during the period of Wnt/β‐catenin competence, but is rapidly translated at the end of the competency period, when dorsoanterior gene transcription occurs. We hypothesize that translation of Bcl9 defines the end of the period of competency. We propose that the identification of the factors that regulate Bcl9 translation will provide further insight into the molecular mechanisms of developmental competence.
Conformational Energy Calculation on the Peptide Part of Murein (1979)

Conformational energy calculations have been carried out on N-acetyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine as a model of the peptide moiety of peptidoglycan. Although many conformations were of comparable energy, particular favoured conformations were selected by assuming conformational similarity between the pentapeptide and the tetrapeptide found during biosynthesis subsequent to the cross-linking of the peptide chains in murein. The common feature of these conformations, which include the global minimum of the pentapeptide, is a ring-shaped backbone. The global minimum is stabilised by a hydrogen bond between the -NH group of L-alanine and the -CO group of the penultimate D-alanine. The distance between the D-lactyl group and the side-chain of the diamino acid is about 1.5 nm. The ring-like structures will accomodate chemical modifications that have been observed in peptidoglycan. The present ring-like structure differs considerably from the models proposed as yet. Energetically beta-pleated sheet conformations and a flat 2.2(7) helical structure are not favoured. Furthermore, an alpha helix cannot occur. The suggested new model exhibits no significant relationship to the solid state conformation of beta-lactam antibiotics.
The role of platelets in ischemic stroke (1998)

Platelets have assumed a role in the development of focal cerebral ischemia by virtue of their participation in thromboemboli that may initiate stroke symptoms. Platelets are one component of the blood-vascular axis responsible for preventing hemorrhage. Activated platelets initiate hemostatic plug formation and provide a scaffolding for coagulation activation. Platelets are activated by a number of stimuli, such as exposure of the vascular subendothelium, fibrin deposition, and abnormal surfaces, e.g., atheromata. A number of observations, including the appearance of platelet thrombi on atheromata in situ, indicate that platelet physiology is relevant to stroke. In addition, certain antiplatelet agents (e.g., aspirin) significantly reduce the incidence of ischemic stroke after initial transient ischemic attacks. Aspirin, the combination of aspirin and dipyridamole, and ticlopidine have all been shown to be useful in reducing the frequency of secondary stroke events. Clopidogrel has been shown to reduce the frequency of secondary vascular ischemic events when stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral arterial disease are considered together. Unfortunately, all antithrombotic agents carry a potential risk for inducing symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage during ischemic stroke. The mechanism by which this may happen with antiplatelet agents has not yet been determined. As in other areas of stroke treatment, it is the balance between efficacy in reduction of symptomatic thrombotic events and the risk for hemorrhage that will define benefit.
ChemInform Abstract: SLOW SOLVENT EXCHANGE ON FIVE COORDINATE (N,N‐DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE)2,2′,2“‐TRIS(N,N‐DIMETHYLAMINO)TRIETHYLAMINEZINC(II), (ZN(ME6TREN)DMF)2+ (1983)

Abstract Der mit 90% Ausb. durch Erhitzen von (Zn(H 2 O) 6 )(ClO 4 ) 2 in Triethylorthoformiat und Reaktion mit dem Liganden in DMF erhaltene Titelkomplex zeigt in nichtkoordinierendem CD 3 NO 2 einen Austausch zwischen koordiniertem und freiem DMF.
Purification of Homogeneous Murine Immunoglobulins with Anti-Fructofuranan Specificity (1976)

Homogenous IgAK immunoglobulins ABPC-47 new, EPC-109, UPC-61 (anti-2,1 fructofuranan specificity) and homogeneous IgAK ABPC-48 and IgGK UPC-10 (anti-2,6 fructofuranan specificity) were purified by affinity chromatography by using inulin- and grass levan-Sepharose columns, respectively.
Evaluation of Asphalt Pavement Analyzer for HMA Design (1999)

Rutting is a common problem in hot mix asphalt pavements, particularly in hot climates and at intersections. The Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) is a laboratory accelerated loading equipment that can be used to evaluate rutting potential of HMA. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of APA to predict rutting. Specifically, the objectives were to find the sensitivity of the equipment to changes in aggregate type and gradation, performance grade of asphalt binder, and evaluate the equipment by comparing the test results with the test results from Superpave shear tester. Mixes from poor, fair, and good performing pavements were also tested with the APA to develop a rut depth criteria for evaluation of mixes. Binder and surface course mixes were made with granite, limestone and gravel aggregates, with gradations above the maximum density line, gradations through the Superpave restricted zone in close proximity of the maximum density line, and gradations below the maximum density line.
[The wearable artificial kidney: a promise for the future?]. (2013)

Portable or wearable dialysis devices could increase treatment flexibility and dialysis patients' independence. Current renal replacement therapies such as intermittent haemodialysis extend life but are a burden, are time-consuming and immobilize patients. An additional disadvantage is the discontinuous nature of the treatment. Peritoneal dialysis is a good alternative, but is associated with relatively limited toxin clearance and a need for high glucose concentrations in the dialysate. Portable dialysis devices could be used as a replacement or to support existing dialysis techniques. At the moment several initiatives, including some started in the Netherlands, aim at the development of a portable device. Some of them are so far into development that they are at a preclinical phase, but as yet none has been approved for regular use in patients. To achieve the ultimate goal, an implantable artificial kidney, a lot of hurdles still have to be surmounted.