gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial DNA supercoiling and [ATP]/[ADP] ratio: changes associated with salt shock (1991)

When Escherichia coli K-12 was shifted from a medium lacking salt to one containing 0.5 M NaCl, both the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio and negative supercoiling of plasmid DNA increased within a few minutes. After about 10 min both declined, eventually reaching a level slightly above that observed with cells growing exponentially in the absence of salt. Since in vitro the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio influences the level of supercoiling generated by gyrase (H. Westerhoff, M. O'Dea, A. Maxwell, and M. Gellert, Cell Biophys. 12:157-181, 1988), the physiological response of supercoiling to salt shock is most easily explained by the sensitivity of gyrase to changes in the intracellular [ATP]/[ADP] ratio. This raises the possibility that the [ATP]/[ADP] ratio is an important factor in the control of supercoiling.
Management, Analysis, and Visualization of Experimental and Observation Data - The Convergence of Data and Computing (2017)

Scientific user facilities-particle accelerators, telescopes, colliders, supercomputers, light sources, sequencing facilities, and more-operated by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) O ce of Science (SC) generate ever increasing volumes of data at unprecedented rates from experiments, observations, and simulations.At the same time there is a growing community of experimentalists that require real-time data analysis feedback, to enable them to steer their complex experimental instruments to optimized scientific outcomes and new discoveries.Recent eorts in DOE-SC have focused on articulating the data-centric challenges and opportunities facing these science communities.Key challenges include di culties coping with data size, rate, and complexity in the context of both real-time and post-experiment data analysis and interpretation.Solutions will require algorithmic and mathematical advances, as well as hardware and software infrastructures that adequately support data-intensive scientific workloads.This paper presents the summary findings of a workshop held by DOE-SC in September 2015, convened to identify the major challenges and the research that is needed to meet those challenges. IntroductionThe Department of Energy (DOE) O ce of Science (SC) operates dozens of national science user facilities that span many disciplines [7].These facilities include accelerators, colliders, supercomputers, light sources, and neutron sources, as well as facilities for studying the nanoworld, genomes, the environment, the atmosphere, and the cosmos.In Fiscal Year 2014, over 33,000 researchers from academia, industry, and government laboratories, from all fifty states and the District of Columbia, utilized these unique facilities to perform new scientific research.Each of these facilities generates vast amounts of scientific data, and thanks to advances in technology, the size, rate, and complexity of this data is rapidly increasing.A growing concern is that advances in the science programs will not keep pace due to a lack of resources, research, and development of tools, platforms, and infrastructures needed to manage, analyze, and act on
Organ-pipe modes of sodium epitaxial multilayers on Cu(001) observed by inelastic helium-atom scattering (1992)

Inelastic helium-atom scattering from epitaxial films (2--20 monolayers) of sodium on Cu(001) reveals a large number of nearly dispersionless phonon modes whose frequencies depend on the thickness and scale as the lower harmonics of an open-ended organ pipe. These data provide evidence for confined acoustic resonances, corresponding to longitudinal standing waves normal to the surface with frequencies about 20% larger than in the bulk.
Synthesis of Carbon Encapsulated Mono‐ and Multi‐Iron Nanoparticles (2015)

Core–shell nanostructures of carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles (CEINPs) show unique properties and technological applications, because carbon shell provides extreme chemical stability and protects pure iron core against oxidation without impairing the possibility of functionalization of the carbon surface. Enhancing iron core magnetic properties and, in parallel, improving carbon shell sealing are the two major challenges in the synthesis of CEINPs. Here, we present the synthesis of both CEINPs and a new carbon encapsulated multi‐iron nanoparticle by a new modified arc discharge reactor. The nanoparticle size, composition, and crystallinity and the magnetic properties have been studied. The morphological properties were observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In order to evaluate carbon shell protection, the iron cores were characterized by selected area diffraction and fast Fourier transform techniques as well as by electron energy loss and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopies. Afterward, the magnetic properties were investigated using a superconducting quantum interference device. As main results, spherical, oval, and multi‐iron cores were controllably synthesized by this new modified arc discharge method. The carbon shell with high crystallinity exhibited sufficient protection against oxidation of pure iron cores. The presented results also provided new elements for understanding the growth mechanism of iron core and carbon shell.
Covalent Functionalized Self-Assembled Lipo-Polymerosome Bearing Amphotericin B for Better Management of Leishmaniasis and Its Toxicity Evaluation (2014)

Amphotericin B remains the preferred choice for leishmanial infection, but it has limited clinical applications due to substantial dose limiting toxicities. In the present work, AmB has been formulated in lipo-polymerosome (L-Psome) by spontaneous self-assembly of synthesized glycol chitosan-stearic acid copolymer. The optimized L-Psome formulation with vesicle size of 243.5 ± 17.9 nm, PDI of 0.168 ± 0.08 and zeta potential of (+) 27.15 ± 0.46 mV with 25.59 ± 0.87% AmB loading was obtained. The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images suggest nearly spherical morphology of L-Psome. An in vitro study showed comparatively sustained AmB release (66.082 ± 1.73% within 24 h) and high plasma stability compared to commercial Ambisome and Fungizone, where glycol chitosan content was found to be efficient in preventing L-Psome destabilization in the presence of plasma protein. In vitro and in vivo toxicity studies revealed less toxicity of AmB-L-Psome compared to commercialized Fungizone and Ambisome favored by monomeric form of AmB within L-Psome, observed by UV-visible spectroscopy. Experimental results of in vitro (macrophage amastigote system) and in vivo (Leishmania donovani infected hamsters) illustrated the efficacy of AmB-L-Psome to augment effective antileishmanial properties supported by upregulation of Th-1 cytokines (TNF-α, IL-12 and IFN-γ) and inducible nitric oxide synthase, and downregulation of Th-2 cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10 and IL-4), measured by quantitative mRNA analysis by real time PCR (RT-PCR). Conclusively, developed L-Psome system could be a viable alternative to the current less stable, toxic commercial formulations and developed as a highly efficacious drug delivery system.
An Overview of the Singularity Project (2005)

Abstract. Singularity is a research project in Microsoft Research that started with the question: what would a software platform look like if it was designed from scratch with the primary goal of dependability? Singularity is working to answer this question by building on advances in programming languages and tools to develop a new system architecture and operating system (named Singularity), with the aim of producing a more robust and dependable software platform. Singularity demonstrates the practicality of new technologies and architectural decisions, which should lead to the construction of more robust and dependable systems. 1 This report is a snapshot of a project in motion. In particular, performance measurements are preliminary and subject to
Indium segregation in N-polar InGaN quantum wells evidenced by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atom probe tomography (2017)

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) in scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography are used to characterize N-polar InGaN/GaN quantum wells at the nanometer scale. Both techniques first evidence the incorporation of indium in the initial stage of the barrier layer growth and its suppression by the introduction of H2 during the growth of the barrier layer. Accumulation of indium at step edges on the vicinal N-polar surface is also observed by both techniques with an accurate quantification obtained by atom probe tomography (APT) and its 3D reconstruction ability. The use of EDX allows for a very accurate interpretation of the APT results complementing the limitations of both techniques.
Use of fluorescent antibody in studies of immunity to cholera in infant mice (1977)

Infant mice 8 days of age were infected orally with virulent, motile, classical or El Tor strains of Vibrio cholerae and with nonmotile mutants of low virulence derived from the same strains. At intervals of 8 and 12 h postinfection, frozen thin sections of the ileum were prepared, stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled rabbit anti-vibrio antibody, and examined with the fluorescence microscope. The motile organisms were present in larger numbers, especially at 12h, and had penetrated the intervillous spaces and crypts of Lieberkuhn more completely than nonmotile vibrios. Dilution counts were made on various regions of the intestines of infant mice challenged orally 12 h previously with either motile or nonmotile strains of V. cholerae. Greater numbers of organisms were found, especially in the upper intestinal regions, when motile organisms were used. Low numbers of vibrios, limited mostly to the lumen, were seen in the ileum of infant mice infected with motile organisms when the infants were the offspring of mothers that had been immunized with crude flagellar vaccine or a vesicular preparation derived from the vibrio cell surface. The distribution of vibrios in this case was similar to that found in infected infants of unvaccinated mothers challenged with nonmotile organisms. Motility appears to enable the bacteria to better populate the upper regions of the intestinal tract and to avoid the washing effects of secretions and peristalsis. Antibacterial immunity may function, at least in part, by making it impossible for motile vibrios to accomplish this widespread distribution within the ileum.
Effect of Lime Stone Aggregate on Drying Shrinkage and Shear Strength of an RC Beam (2015)

In this study, we investigated the drying shrinkage and fracture energy of concrete with lime stone and other aggregates and their effect on the shear strength of RC beams. The results of material experiments showed that the use of the lime stone aggregate having large aggregate crushing value decreased the fracture energy and drying shrinkage compared to the other aggregates. The results of structural experiments showed that the measured shear strength of RC beam with the lime stone aggregate was smaller than that with rhyolite aggregate, while it reduced internal stress of RC beams caused by the shrinkage of concrete. It was suggested that the decrease in the shear strength was caused by the small fracture energy and characteristic length of the concrete with the lime stone aggregate.
The abdominal visceral innervation and the emetic reflex: pathways, pharmacology, and plasticity (1990)

In recent years the role of the area postrema in the emetic reflex has been predominant and the involvement of the abdominal visceral innervation has tended to be overlooked. This paper attempts to redress the balance reflex by reviewing aspects of the existing literature and complementing this with original studies from the ferret. In view of the widespread use of the ferret in studies of emesis and particularly in the characterization of the antiemetic actions of 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, the opportunity is taken to assess the suitability of this species for studies of emesis. It is concluded that the ferret is sensitive to a wide range of emetic stimuli including intragastric irritants, opiate and dopamine receptor agonists, many cytotoxic drugs, and radiation. For several stimuli it is more sensitive than other species and for radiation on the basis of its ED100 it appears to be the most sensitive of the laboratory animals studied. Using electrical stimulation of the central end of the dorsal vagal trunk in the abdomen in conscious and anaesthetized animals, the vagal afferents were shown to be capable of eliciting emesis. Using lesioning studies an involvement of the vagus in the emetic response to a number of cytotoxic drugs (e.g., cisplatinum, cyclophosphamide, mustine) and radiation was demonstrated, although the magnitude of the effect varied with the different stimuli. An attempt is made to reconcile these observations with previous studies of area postrema ablation. The problems of interpreting the effects of nerve lesions are critically discussed in light of preliminary evidence presented here that there may be a degree of plasticity in the emetic pathway following such lesions. The range of antiemetic effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists is reviewed and an attempt is made to identify the site(s) at which these agents act. Results are presented that suggest a link between the vagus and 5-HT3 receptor antagonism. These studies are discussed together with others and lead us to propose that (in the ferret) 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have their main antiemetic effect by acting on vagal afferent terminals in the wall of the upper gut with an additional minor site either in the nucleus tractus solitarius or presynaptically on the vagal afferent terminals in the medulla where binding sites for 5-HT3 receptor ligands have recently been demonstrated in this species.
Detection in non-erythroid cells of a factor with the binding characteristics of the erythroid cell transcription factor EF1 (1990)

The erythroid transcription factor erythroid factor-1 (EF1) plays a critical role in the transcription of erythroid-specific genes. Here we report the presence of a factor with the mobility and sequence-specific DNA-binding characteristics of EF1 at low abundance in a wide variety of non-erythroid cell types. This is the first report of an EF1-like activity in non-erythroid cells and indicates that this factor may play a role in the regulation of genes expressed in such cells.
Structure and electrical properties of Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>ferroelectric thick films derived from a polymer modified sol-gel method (2011)

Lead-free NaBi(0.5)TiO(3) (NBT) ferroelectric thick films were prepared by a poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) modified sol-gel method. The NBT thick films annealed from 500°C to 750°C exhibit a perovskite structure. The relationship between annealing temperature, thickness, and electrical properties of the thick films has been investigated. The dielectric constants and remnant polarizations of the thick films increase with annealing temperature. The electrical properties of the NBT films show strong thickness dependence. As thickness increases from 1.0 to 4.8 μm, the dielectric constant of the NBT films increases from 620 to 848, whereas the dielectric loss is nearly independent of the thickness. The remnant polarization of the NBT thick films also increases with increasing thickness. The leakage current density first decreases and then increases with film thickness.
Film bursting. V. Effect of various atmospheres and the anomaly of Newton black films (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFilm bursting. V. Effect of various atmospheres and the anomaly of Newton black filmsKarol J. Mysels and B. R. VijayendranCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1973, 77, 13, 1692–1694Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100632a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100632a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Brome mosaic virus RNA replication proteins 1a and 2a from a complex in vitro (1992)

Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a positive-strand RNA virus that encodes two RNA replication proteins, the helicaselike 1a and the polymeraselike 2a. 1a and 2a share extensive sequence similarities with proteins encoded by many other members of the alphaviruslike superfamily. While further purifying enzymatically active RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from plants infected by BMV, we observed that 1a, 2a, and the polymerase activity all cofractionated through multiple independent purification steps. Moreover, using immunoprecipitation, we found that BMV 1a and 2a proteins synthesized in rabbit reticulocyte lysates or insect cells can form a specific complex in vitro. Complex formation was more efficient when 1a and 2a were cotranslated than when they were mixed after independent synthesis. In an antibody-independent assay, in vitro-translated 1a protein was also found to bind to 2a protein fixed on a nylon membrane. A three-amino-acid insertion in 1a that blocks BMV RNA replication in vivo also blocked in vitro interaction with 2a, while another two-amino-acid insertion that renders the 1a protein temperature sensitive for RNA replication interacted in vitro with 2a at 24 degrees C but not at 32 degrees C. These results and previous genetic data suggest that the 1a-2a interaction observed in vitro is required for BMV RNA replication and may have direct implications for other members of the alphaviruslike superfamily.
Sensitivity and Uncertainty Studies for the Modelling of Marine Growth Effect on Offshore Structures Loading (2002)

Structural response to extreme events or fatigue loadings and structural integrity are major criteria to be quantified in a rational process of reassessment. It is now well established that the probabilistic mechanics approach gives an efficient means for measuring the relative changing in safety level compared to a predefined requirement. To this aim, effects of marine growth have been largely studied during the last two decades. This natural process of structural colonization is particularly hard to embrace because it leads to various consequences as over-loading effect coming from screen and drag effects, bio-chemical attacks of materials and mask effects for inspections methods. Only effects on loading are studied here. These effects are particularly hard to quantify because of the bio-variety of marine growth, season conditioning, natural cleaning or death of species, severe competition leading to replacement of some species and of course local hydrodynamic conditions. As in situ data collection through inspections is hard to practice and very expensive, lot of works propose experiments respecting scale effects and numerical modelling. Both are needed to perform uncertainty and sensitivity analyses. This paper proposes a numerical analysis of marine growth effects based on Response Surface Methodology. This method is here suggested to provide explicit approximations of load variables acting on offshore structures submitted to extreme events or fatigue loading as Jacket platforms. Then, from a sensitivity analysis, main factors conditioning load effects are pointed out. From a physical analysis of hydrodynamics parameters affecting these dominant variables, their probabilistic modelling is then suggested using available published experiments for several probabilistic characteristics.
Analysis of wireless geolocation in a non-line-of-sight environment (2006)

We present an analysis of the time-of-arrival (TOA), time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA), angle-of-arrival (AOA) and signal strength (SS) based positioning methods in a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environment. Single path (line-of-sight (LOS) or NLOS) propagation is assumed. The best geolocation accuracy is evaluated in terms of the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) or the generalized CRLB (G-CRLB), depending on whether prior statistics of NLOS induced errors are unavailable or available. We then show that the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) using only LOS estimates and the maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) estimator using both LOS and NLOS data can asymptotically achieve the CRLB and the G-CRLB, respectively. Hybrid schemes that adopt more than one type of position-pertaining data and the relationship among the four methods in terms of their positioning accuracy are also investigated.
Research on MISO fuzzy neural network and its application (2008)

In this paper, a MISO fuzzy neural network algorithm is presented. This algorithm consists of the excellences of fuzzy algorithm and neural network algorithm. In the parameter learning phase it changes the parameters based on the Lyapunov stability theory to ensure the stability. Meanwhile, it didn’t need to seek the whole minimum value when it modifies the parameters. So the algorithm can reach the stability result more quickly than the conventional fuzzy neural algorithm. The analyses of theory prove the stability of the algorithm. Then we use this algorithm to control the dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment process, and compares with the conventional fuzzy neural algorithm. The results of simulations show the superiority of this algorithm and nicer robustness in the process.