gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conformational transitions of duplex and triplex nucleic acid helices: thermodynamic analysis of effects of salt concentration on stability using preferential interaction coefficients (1994)

For order-disorder transitions of double- and triple-stranded nucleic acid helices, the midpoint temperatures Tm depend strongly on a +/-, the mean ionic activity of uniunivalent salt. Experimental determinations of dTm/d ln a +/- and of the enthalpy change (delta H(o)) accompanying the transition in excess salt permit evaluation of delta gamma, the stoichiometrically weighted combination of preferential interaction coefficients, each of which reflects thermodynamic effects of interactions of salt ions with a reactant or product of the conformational transition (formula; see text) Here delta H(o) is defined per mole of nucleotide by analogy to delta gamma. Application of Eq. 1 to experimental values of delta H(o) and Tm yields values of delta gamma for the denaturation of B-DNA over the range of NaCl concentrations 0.01-0.20 M (Privalov et al. (1969), Biopolymers 8,559) and for each of four order-disorder transitions of poly rA.(poly rU)n, n = 1, 2 over the range of NaCl concentrations 0.01-1.0 M (Krakauer and Sturtevant (1968), Biopolymers 6, 491). For denaturation of duplexes and triplexes, delta gamma is negative and not significantly dependent on a +/-, but delta gamma is positive and dependent on a +/- for the disproportionation transition of poly rA.poly rU duplexes. Quantitative interpretations of these trends and magnitudes of delta gamma in terms of coulombic and excluded volume effects are obtained by fitting separately each of the two sets of thermodynamic data using Eq. 1 with delta gamma PB evaluated from the cylindrically symmetric Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation for a standard model of salt-polyelectrolyte solutions. The only structural parameters required by this model are: b, the mean axial distance between the projections of adjacent polyion charges onto the cylindrical axis; and a, the mean distance of closest approach between a salt ion center and the cylindrical axis. Fixing bMS and aMS for the multi-stranded (ordered) conformations, we determined the corresponding best fitted values of bSS and aSS for single-stranded RNA and DNA. The resulting best fitted values of aSS are systematically less than aDS by 2-4 A. Uncertainty in the best-fitted values of bSS is significantly lower than in the aSS, because bMS is known with relatively high precision and because the larger uncertainty in aMS has a relatively small effect on the best-fitted values of bSS:bSS = 3.2 +/- 0.6 A for single-stranded poly rA and poly rU; and bSS = 3.4 +/- 0.2 A for single-stranded DNA. These values are approximately one-halt of those expected for a fully extended single-stranded conformation. With the best fitted values of ass and bss, our calculations of delta gamma PB are in close quantitative agreement with experimental observations on each of five nucleic acid order-disorder transitions.
Genetic variation of yellow‐seeded rapeseed lines (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.) from different genetic sources (1997)

Abstract In order to breed yellow‐seeded rapeseed, 16 yellow‐seeded lines of Brassica napus L. derived from eight genetic sources were used. The genetic variation of the seedcoat ratio, the cellulose content of the seedcoat, the oil content of the seedcoat and of the embryo, and also the correlations between these characters of the yellow‐ and brown‐seeded plants from the same line, were analysed by variance analysis and path analysis. The results show that the seedcoat ratio and cellulose content of brown seeds are 4.2% and 17.74%, respectively, higher than that of yellow seeds and the oil content of the seedcoat of brown seeds is 3% lower than that of the yellow seeds, these differences all being highly significant. However, the differences between yellow and brown seeds in 1000‐seed weight and oil content of the embryo were very small. Both characters are determined mainly by the genetic background and not by seed colour or seedcoat thickness. The correlation analysis revealed that the seedcoat thickness has a highly significant positive correlation with the cellulose content of the seedcoat and is highly significantly negatively correlated with the seedcoat oil content and the 1000‐seed weight. The oil content of the embryo alone has a highly significant negative correlation with 1000‐seed weight. In yellow seeds, the seedcoat thickness has a large and directly positive effect on the oil content of the embryo whereas the 1000‐seed weight has a negative one; the opposite was found in brown seeds. Selection objectives in breeding yellow seeds in Brassica napus are also discussed.
Trends in drogue design1,2 (1973)

Drogues in use today in the Lagrangian measurement of currents are in general inferior in behavior to those in use a century or more ago. This results from the historical tendency toward smaller drogues. For optimum measurements, one should select a drogue design that maximizes ease in handling and then scale it up to the largest size practicable.
Studies on Isocyanides and Related Compounds. A Facile Synthesis of 1-Substituted 3-Cyano-2-methoxy-3-phenylpyrroles (1999)

A simple one-pot synthesis of I-substituted 3-cyano-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-pyrroles (8) basedontheisocyanidechemistryis described.Compounds 5. I. Ugi, A. Domling, and W. Horl, Endeavour, 1994,18, 115 and references therein.6.The integrals of the signals due to the following protons: CH2 of 8 , H-5 of 9 , NH of 8 , NH of 9are not reported because the isotopic exchange with the solvent makes these values useless for the determination of the concentrations of the tautomers.
Analgesic-Antipyretics (1960)

Journal Article Analgesic-Antipyretics Get access S S Adams S S Adams Biology Division, Research Department, Boots Pure Drug Co. Ltd., Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 12, Issue 1, September 1960, Pages 251–252, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1960.tb12661.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 11 February 1960 Published: 12 April 2011
On <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine. Part II. Oxidation of <i>N</i>-acetylcysteine by hydrogen peroxide: kinetic study of the overall process (1994)

The oxidation kinetics of N-acetylcysteine (RSH) by hydrogen peroxide has been studied at neutral pH at different concentration ratios from 0.2 to 20 (4 × 10 −4 mol L −1 ≤ [RSH] 0 ≤ 2 × 10 −2 mol L −1 , 10 −4 mol L −1 ≤ [H 2 O 2 ] 0 ≤ 10 −2 mol L −1 ). In all the cases studied, N-acetylcystine (RSSR) is the only oxidized product formed. Our kinetic data have focused on the importance of the concentration ratio to reach the stoichiometric oxidation of N-acetylcysteine by hydrogen peroxide. Indeed non-stoichiometric oxidation of RSH occurs at relatively low concentration ratios (R < 2.5) whereas stoichiometric oxidation is observed when R > 2.5. Moreover, it has been shown that in the first minutes of the reaction there is the formation of a complex between RSH and H 2 O 2 , the stoichiometry of the complex being RSH concentration-dependent for a given R (R > 2.5). Reaction mechanisms have been quantitatively established and the k values of each step determined.
A three-year clinical comparison of a sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice with sodium fluoride dentifrices on dental caries in children. (1987)

This study compared the anticaries effects of these three fluoride-containing dentifrices: 1100 ppm F as NaF (positive control); 2800 ppm F as SMFP; and 2800 ppm F as NaF. The group using the 2800 SMFP dentifrice showed no significant differences in DMFS or DMFT, compared to the positive control, at anytime during the study. This indicated that higher levels of sodium monofluorophosphate in a dentifrice offer no advantage in caries protection over the conventional level of sodium fluoride, 1100 ppm F.
A Varactor-Tunable High Impedance Surface With a Resistive-Lumped-Element Biasing Grid (2007)

A high impedance surface consisting of metallic square patches electrically connected through vias to the ground plane beneath them is made tunable. Tunability is achieved by connecting adjacent patches with varactor diodes thus altering the capacitance between the patches and hence the surface's resonance frequency. The varactor diodes are biased with the aid of a resistive grid. The grid is made resistive using surface mount resistors. Using an approximate equivalent circuit the effect of the varactor diode resistance is investigated for normal plane wave incidence. It is shown that at resonance, a small varactor resistance may lead to a significant absorption. The potential use of a waveguide simulator to characterize approximately the performance of the proposed metamaterial structure is investigated.
Info-Fenster: Drucken (1992)

Das Info-Fenster zeigt Ihnen eine Fülle von Hintergrunddaten, die Sie sich als Arbeitsunterstützung oder Dokumentation auch ausdrucken lassen können.
Focusing of Rayleigh waves: simulation and experiments (1999)

A linear array of surface wave transducers has been developed to generate focused surface wave motion. A novel theoretical approach, whereby time-harmonic surface wave motion is represented by a carrier wave that satisfies a reduced wave equation on the surface of the body and supports the subsurface motion, is used to model the beam generated by a single element of the array. Comparison of theoretical and experimental results show that, for a single element, the opening angle of the beam is about 20 degrees and its cross-section can be represented by a Gaussian distribution of the normal displacements. For an eight-element array, the focused beam is subsequently obtained by superposition considerations. For the focused beam comparisons of theoretical and experimental results, in which the latter have been obtained by the use of a laser interferometer, show excellent agreement both for the normal displacements along a radial line and across the width of the beam. The array can be used for self-focusing of surface waves on a surface defect.
Preparation and characterization of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>films prepared via Pechini method (2003)

Co3O4 thin films were prepared via the Pechini method using spin-coating and sintering processes. X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Raman spectroscopy were employed to characterize the films. The XRD pattern from the prepared films can be indexed based on a spinel structure. Ordered crystalline columns and high quality surfaces are observed via the AFM images. It is found out that the grain size increases with the sintering temperature. Minimum roughness of the film can be obtained at PEG content 60 mg/ml. Raman spectroscopy confirms that the films are crystallized in the spinel structure. A red shift observed in all bands shows that the cohesive energy is lower in the film than in the bulk crystal.
Mechanisms of Passive Potassium Influx in Corn Mitochondria (1981)

Corn mitochondria in 100 millimolar KCl show accelerated passive swelling upon addition of uncoupler. This unusual response has been compared with swelling produced by valinomycin, tripropyltin, and nigericin. It is concluded that the driving force for swelling lies with the chloride gradient and a high P(Cl):P(K) ratio, the chloride influx creating a negative membrane potential. The action of uncoupler is to facilitate K(+) influx via the endogenous H(+)/K(+) antiporter. The antiporter is active over the pH range 6 to 8, is not sensitive to Mg(2+) concentration, and is not inactivated by aging. It is not clear why corn mitochondria show this exceptional activity of the H(+)/K(+) antiporter in K(+) influx. It is speculated that during isolation the antiporter may be exposed or activated, and that it contributes to cyclic K(+) transport and high State 4 respiration rates.
Hydrogen production from methane in the presence of red mud –making mud magnetic (2008)

Red mud, a waste product of the aluminium industry, has been shown to possess significant activity for the decomposition of methane, a by-product of oil refining and landfill, generating hydrogen and a carbon containing magnetic material. It is envisaged that the latter material could be of interest in terms of downstream purification processes and that its magnetic properties may facilitate separation/handling. In this way, two valuable end products can be generated from two waste products.
Influence of Kex1p and Kex2p proteases on the function of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K2 preprotoxin (2007)

Studies of dependence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae K2 killing and immunity properties modulated by the action of Kex1p and Kex2p enzymes showed that the lack of Kex1p carboxypeptidase 10 times decreased toxin activity, and the deficiency of Kex2p endopeptidase completely removed killing ability. The obtained data confirm requirement of both Kex1p and Kex2p peptidases for functional K2 toxin production. The immunity of mutated strains bearing the K2 killer gene was investigated by evaluating the amount of viable cells subjected to the externally applied K2 toxin. K2-specific immunity was found to be completely independent of the action of Kex1p and slightly dependent on Kex2p functioning, suggesting not only the importance of precursor in resistance formation, but also of toxin involvement.
Fine structure of DNA melting curves (1976)

Abstract Theoretical calculations predict that the differential melting curves for random polynucleotide sequences having lengths up to several tens of thousands of base pairs have a clear‐cut fine structure. This structure appears in the form of multiple narrow peaks 0.3–0.4°C wide on the bell shaped main curve. The differential melting curves have different shapes for different specific sequences. The theory also predicts the disappearance of the fine structure when the length of the sequence increases and when circular, covalently closed DNA is considered instead of the open structure. The predictions of the theory were confirmed by the measurements of differential melting curves for open and covalently closed circular forms of DNA for PM2 phage ( N = 10 4 base pairs) and also for other phage DNA's of different length: T7 ( N = 3.8 × 10 4 ); S D ( N = 9.2 × 10 4 ); T2 ( N = 17 × 10 4 ). It was shown that the effect of fine structure results mainly from the cooperative melting out of DNA regions 300–500 base pairs long.
Pulsed-laser deposition of carbon nitride materials (2002)

10.1117/12.456817
A study of 159 Portuguese patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) whose parents were both unaffected. (1994)

We reviewed 1233 cases of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) from 489 Portuguese families registered at the Centro de Estudos de Paramiloidose, Porto, Portugal. It was found that in 159 cases, neither parent had shown symptoms of this hereditary dominant form of peripheral neuropathy. These cases appear to form a distinct group, with a later age at onset (mean 45.1 years, SD 12.0) than the group of patients with one affected parent (mean 31.2 years, SD 6.9) and a geographical origin not quite in the areas where the disease is most prevalent. Though this group is not significantly different from the general group of patients in clinical presentation at onset and severity of the disease, the average interval between onset and diagnosis (mean 4.5 years, SD 3.2) reflects the difficulties in diagnosing these patients in the absence of a positive family history. From the analysis of pedigrees and in spite of a large number of isolated cases, the occurrence of new mutations could not be proven, and it seems more likely that, in some families, the FAP gene may result in a milder expression or even remain "silent" for several generations. Further investigation of this discrepancy may prove to be important in elucidating the mechanisms involved in the pathogenetic process.
Determining the specificity of nouns from text (1999)

In this work, we use a large text corpus to order nouns by their level of specificity. This semantic information can for most nouns be determined with over 80% accuracy using simple statistics from a text corpus without using any additional sources of semantic knowledge. This kind of semantic information can be used to help in automatically constructing or augmenting a lexical database such as WordNet. 1 Introduction Large lexical databases such as WordNet (see Fellbaum (1998)) are in common research use. However, there are circumstances, particularly involving domainspecific text, where WordNet does not have sufficient coverage. Various automatic methods have been proposed to automatically build lexical resources or augment existing resources. (See, e.g., Riloff and Shepherd (1997), Roark and Charniak (1998), Caraballo (1999), and Berland and Charniak (1999).) In this paper, we describe a method which can be used to assist in this problem. We present here a way to determine the rela...
Immunocytochemical localization of granulin-1 to mononuclear phagocytic cells of the teleost fish <i>Cyprinus carpio</i> and <i>Carassius auratus</i> (1995)

A new class of low-molecular-weight cysteine-rich regulatory growth factors, designated granulins, has been isolated from hematopoietic tissues of a teleost fish (Cyprinus carpio) and structurally characterized. Granulin-1, the predominant form found in carp spleen, was used to raise polyclonal antibodies in rabbits and to establish a radioimmunoassay. This permitted preliminary tissue distribution studies of granulin-1 to be undertaken in carp (Cyprinus carpio) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). Granulin-1 immunoreactivity was found in the melanomacrophage centers of the spleen and head kidney. Carp tissues anatomically involved in the first line of defense against infection, including skin, gills, gut, and also heart, showed intense granulin-1 immunoreactive staining within presumptive macrophage cells. Granulin-1 immunoreactive macrophages prepared from goldfish spleen and head kidney adhered to glass slides, actively phagocytosed carbon particles, and contained granulin-1 immunoreactivity as well as abundant endogenous peroxidase activity. This study demonstrates that granulin-1 is synthesized and stored in macrophages/monocytes of spleen, head kidney, and peripheral tissues of teleost fish.
70.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Large‐Sized Full Color AMOLED TV: Advancements and Issues (2006)

Abstract We have demonstrated a 40‐inch diagonal, full color WXGA AMOLED TV. It was based on the technologies of amorphous silicon (a‐Si) TFT backplane and white OLED with color filter. Despite of recent technology advancement enabling high color purity, large‐sized AMOLED, a lot of problems to solve still exist to enter the large‐sized display market. Here, Samsung will discuss how far the technologies need to go for the marketplace of large‐sized display.
Synthesis and characterization of hydrogels containing biodegradable polymers (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Amphiphilic block and graft copolymers constitute a very interesting class of polymers with potential for biomedical applications, due to their special characteristics, which derive from the combination of properties of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties. In this work, the synthesis and biodegradation of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐ graft ‐poly( L ‐lactide) are studied. RESULTS: The graft copolymers were synthesized using the macromonomer technique. In a first step, methacryloyl‐terminated poly( L ‐lactide) macromonomers were synthesized in a wide molecular weight range using different catalysts. Subsequently, these macromonomers were copolymerized with 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate in order to obtain a graft copolymer. These new materials resemble hydrogel scaffolds with a biodegradable component. The biodegradation was studied in hydrolytic and enzymatic environments. The influence of different parameters (molecular weight, crystallinity, ratio between hydrophilic and hydrophobic components) on the degradation rate was investigated. CONCLUSION: Based on this study it will be possible to tailor the release properties of biodegradable materials. In addition, the materials will show good biocompatibility due to the hydrophilic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel scaffold. This kind of material has potential for many applications, like controlled drug‐delivery systems or biodegradable implants. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
High temperature superconductors for radar applications (2002)

A brief description of off-axis sputtering deposition techniques is given, followed by a short survey of other high-temperature superconductor (HTS) deposition techniques. Data on film properties are presented. Key microwave properties-the surface resistance (including the frequency dependence of the surface resistance), the critical current, and the superconducting penetration depth-are discussed and related to component performance. The effects of temperature are described in the context of the basic physics and their impact on applications. Predictions of the performance of superconducting components are used to estimate the impact of HTSs on radar systems. It is argued that the impact of HTS technology will be twofold: new components with improved performance and new system applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy Conservation Benefits of a Dedicated Outdoor Air System with Parallel Sensible Cooling by Ceiling Radiant Panels (2003)

Dedicated outdoor air systems (DOAS) integrated with ceiling radiant cooling panels as a parallel sensible cooling system are being considered as an alternative to conventional variable air volume (VAV) systems for commercial buildings because of their energy conservation, first and operating costs, and indoor air quality advantages. A pilot DOAS/radiant panel cooling system is being constructed on a university campus to investigate its advantages over alternative cooling systems in a real application. Prior to the actual operation of the pilot system, the energy conservation potential of the DOAS/radiant cooling panel system relative to a VAV system with air-side economizer control was estimated. Hourly energy simulation predicts that the annual electrical energy consumption of the pilot DOAS/radiant panel cooling system is 42% less than that of the conventional VAV system with air-side economizer.
A risk management approach to IT services contract design. (2009)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. July 2009. Major: Bussiness Administration. Advisor: Robert J. Kauffman. 1 computer file (PDF); xii, 153 pages.
High-resolution <i>Y</i>-axis readout for delay-line microchannel anodes (1993)

We have devised a method to obtain a high-resolution Y-axis event position determination from microchannel plate delay-line detectors. The method is based on the double-delay-line wedge–wedge charge partition principle of Lampton et al. [M. Lampton, O. H. W. Siegmund, and R. Raffanti, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37, 1548 (1990)], where the X axis is read out by a pair of side-by-side delay lines and the Y-axis coordinate is determined by comparing the charges on the two parallel delay lines. However, our new method abandons the common field return path of the two delay lines, and splits them into two adjacent but independent transformer coupled timing circuits having no common ground connection except via the charge-measurement amplifiers. Thus we eliminate the large electrostatic capacitance of the delay lines from the input of the charge-measuring system. Due to the very low output return capacitance of the split delay lines, the Y-axis noise performance is improved enormously. Over its limited working field, the spatial resolution in the Y coordinate can easily equal the resolution provided in the X coordinate by the delay line. Applications to extreme and far ultraviolet photon-counting spectroscopy are envisioned.