gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defects in pyruvate kinase cause a conditional increase of thiamine synthesis in<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (1999)

As genomic sequence data become more prevalent, the challenges in microbial physiology shift from identifying biochemical pathways to understanding the interactions that occur between them to create a robust but responsive metabolism. One of the most powerful methods to identify such interactions is in vivo phenotypic analysis. We have utilized thiamine synthesis as a model to detect subtle metabolic interactions due to the sensitivity allowed by the small cellular requirement for this vitamin. Although purine biosynthesis produces an intermediate in thiamine synthesis, mutants blocked in the first step of de novo purine biosynthesis (PurF) are able to grow in the absence of thiamine owing to an alternative synthesis. A number of general metabolic defects have been found to prevent PurF-independent thiamine synthesis. Here we report stimulation of thiamine-independent growth caused by a mutation in one or both genes encoding the pyruvate kinase isozymes. The results presented herein represent the first phenotype described for mutants defective in pykA or pykF, and thus identify metabolic interactions that exist in vivo.
Clinical and imaging heterogeneity of polymicrogyria: a study of 328 patients (2010)

Polymicrogyria is one of the most common malformations of cortical development and is associated with a variety of clinical sequelae including epilepsy, intellectual disability, motor dysfunction and speech disturbance. It has heterogeneous clinical manifestations and imaging patterns, yet large cohort data defining the clinical and imaging spectrum and the relative frequencies of each subtype are lacking. The aims of this study were to determine the types and relative frequencies of different polymicrogyria patterns, define the spectrum of their clinical and imaging features and assess for clinical/imaging correlations. We studied the imaging features of 328 patients referred from six centres, with detailed clinical data available for 183 patients. The ascertainment base was wide, including referral from paediatricians, geneticists and neurologists. The main patterns of polymicrogyria were perisylvian (61%), generalized (13%), frontal (5%) and parasagittal parieto-occipital (3%), and in 11% there was associated periventricular grey matter heterotopia. Each of the above patterns was further divided into subtypes based on distinguishing imaging characteristics. The remaining 7% were comprised of a number of rare patterns, many not described previously. The most common clinical sequelae were epileptic seizures (78%), global developmental delay (70%), spasticity (51%) and microcephaly (50%). Many patients presented with neurological or developmental abnormalities prior to the onset of epilepsy. Patients with more extensive patterns of polymicrogyria presented at an earlier age and with more severe sequelae than those with restricted or unilateral forms. The median age at presentation for the entire cohort was 4 months with 38% presenting in either the antenatal or neonatal periods. There were no significant differences between the prevalence of epilepsy for each polymicrogyria pattern, however patients with generalized and bilateral forms had a lower age at seizure onset. There was significant skewing towards males with a ratio of 3:2. This study expands our understanding of the spectrum of clinical and imaging features of polymicrogyria. Progression from describing imaging patterns to defining anatomoclinical syndromes will improve the accuracy of prognostic counselling and will aid identification of the aetiologies of polymicrogyria, including genetic causes.
Regulation of cardiac myocyte contractility by phospholemman: Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup> exchange versus Na<sup>+</sup>-K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase (2008)

Phospholemman (PLM) regulates cardiac Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX1) and Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in cardiac myocytes. PLM, when phosphorylated at Ser(68), disinhibits Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase but inhibits NCX1. PLM regulates cardiac contractility by modulating Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and/or NCX1. In this study, we first demonstrated that adult mouse cardiac myocytes cultured for 48 h had normal surface membrane areas, t-tubules, and NCX1 and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase levels, and retained near normal contractility, but alpha(1)-subunit of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase was slightly decreased. Differences in contractility between myocytes isolated from wild-type (WT) and PLM knockout (KO) hearts were preserved after 48 h of culture. Infection with adenovirus expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) did not affect contractility at 48 h. When WT PLM was overexpressed in PLM KO myocytes, contractility and cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) transients reverted back to those observed in cultured WT myocytes. Both Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase current (I(pump)) and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange current (I(NaCa)) in PLM KO myocytes rescued with WT PLM were depressed compared with PLM KO myocytes. Overexpressing the PLMS68E mutant (phosphomimetic) in PLM KO myocytes resulted in the suppression of I(NaCa) but had no effect on I(pump). Contractility, [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitudes, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) contents in PLM KO myocytes overexpressing the PLMS68E mutant were depressed compared with PLM KO myocytes overexpressing GFP. Overexpressing the PLMS68A mutant (mimicking unphosphorylated PLM) in PLM KO myocytes had no effect on I(NaCa) but decreased I(pump). Contractility, [Ca(2+)](i) transient amplitudes, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) contents in PLM KO myocytes overexpressing the S68A mutant were similar to PLM KO myocytes overexpressing GFP. We conclude that at the single-myocyte level, PLM affects cardiac contractility and [Ca(2+)](i) homeostasis primarily by its direct inhibitory effects on Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchange.
Any questions: Combination approach to pain relief (1997)

What analgesia could be used for a patient who is hypersensitive to opiates, which include morphine, pethidine, and oral codeine? The patient feels very unwell and develops low blood pressure. What analgesia should be used in the event of an accident or postoperatively? Is there a case for a challenge test when the patient is well? 

I will limit my response to the management of acute pain. As a consequence of an intercollegiate report (and other guidelines) most acute surgical hospitals now offer an acute pain service led by a consultant anaesthetist.1 2 The first action might be to contact the local pain service, which should be …
Laboratory Robotics To Automate High-Temperature Gel Permeation Chromatography (1990)

This chapter presents the use of a commercial robotic system (Perkin-Elmer Masterlab) to automate the preparation of polyethylene samples for high-temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The robotic system weighs the samples, calculates the appropriate volume of solvent, adds the solvent, caps the sample bottle, heats the sample for dissolution, and prepares the sample carrousel for the GPC autosampler. The advantages of this system include freeing technicians from tedious, repetitive tasks and from handling hot, hazardous materials.
Application of chlorinated polymethylstyrene, CPMS, to electron beam lithography (1983)

Swelling behavior and resist performance of a series of chlorinated polymethylstyrenes, CPMS, were investigated. Measurements of swelling ratio and resolution of the CPMS resist coating in a wide variety of organic solvents disclosed that resolution depends on the swelling ratio. In addition, it was found that Cellosolve acetate or methyl isobutyl ketone was the most suitable developer, and that the critical swelling ratio might be 3.2 (=1.473) for screening of a developer. Functional testings on CPMS showed the resist had considerably high sensitivity as well as high contrast and dry etch resistance. The selectivity ratio of the resist to aluminum, when the resist was used in a dry etching process, was 1.5 times as high as that of the conventional Novolak-type positive-working photoresist.
Medial and anterior-posterior ligament stability of the human knee, measured with a stress apparatus (1977)

<p>Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being increasingly introduced for critical applications such as safety, security and health. One of the main characteristic requirements of such networks is that they should function with relative low power. Therefore, the wireless links are more vulnerable. Successfully testing wireless coexistence and vulnerability of such networks against interference is of crucial importance. In this work, we propose a test methodology developed for assessing WSNs performance under different channel and interference conditions.</p>
Trends in chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease hospitalization rates in Texas 2001-2009 (2011)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. COPD exacerbations (worsening of symptoms) can lead to hospital admissions. One of the treatment goals in managing COPD is to reduce the exacerbation rates, since these rates affect the patient's quality of life, drive up treatment related costs, and if untreated could lead to decreased survival rate. A study of trends in COPD exacerbations is important for several reasons. First, by examining trends, we may determine whether recent treatment methods and disease relevant policies are effective. Second, by identifying disparities in exacerbation rates, health care professionals may be able to direct more efforts toward populations with the highest rates. Third, an analysis of trends will inform researchers on the progress of COPD research.
High-performance, metamorphic In<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As tunnel diodes grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2003)

Thin In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As tunnel junction diodes having compositions from x=0.53 to 0.75 that span a range of bandgap energies from 0.74 to 0.55 eV, were grown on InP and metamorphic, step-graded In/sub x/Al/sub 1-x/As/InP substrates using molecular beam epitaxy and evaluated in the context of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications. Both carbon and beryllium were investigated as acceptor dopants. Metamorphic tunnel diodes with a bandgap of 0.60 eV (x=0.69) using carbon acceptor doping displayed highest peak current densities, in excess of 5900 A/cm/sup 2/ at a peak voltage of 0.31 V, within a 200 /spl Aring/ total thickness tunnel junction. Identically doped lattice-matched tunnel diodes with a bandgap of 0.74 eV exhibited lower peak current densities of approximately 2200 A/cm/sup 2/ at a higher peak voltage of 0.36 V, consistent with the theoretical bandgap dependence expected for ideal tunnel diodes. Specific resistivities of the 0.60 eV bandgap devices were in the mid-10/sup -5/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ range. Together with their 200 /spl Aring/ total thickness, the electrical results make these tunnel junctions promising for TPV applications where low-resistance, thin metamorphic tunnel junctions are desired.
Performance and Control of Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone Separators (2002)

The feasibility of using Liquid-Liquid Cylindrical Cyclone (LLCC©) as a free water knockout device for bulk separation of oil-water mixtures in the field strongly depends on the implementation of control systems due to its compactness, less residence time and possible inlet flow variations. In this investigation, the LLCC control dynamics have been studied extensively both theoretically and experimentally. A linear model has been developed for the first time for LLCC separators equipped with underflow watercut control, which enables simulation of the system dynamic behavior. A unique “direct” control strategy is developed and implemented, capable of obtaining clear water in the underflow line and maintaining maximum underflow rate. Dedicated control system simulations are conducted using Matlab/Simulink® software to simulate the real system dynamic behavior. Detailed experimental investigations are conducted to evaluate the system sensitivity and dynamic behavior of the proposed control strategy. The results demonstrate that the proposed control system is capable of controlling the underflow watercut around its set point by obtaining maximum free-water knockout for a wide range of flow conditions. (inlet water concentration of 40% and an inlet mixture velocity of 1.5 m/s).
COMPARISON OF SENSORY ANALYSIS AND ROTATIONAL RHEOMETRY IN THE TEXTURE EVALUATION OF MARGARINES (1984)

ABSTRACT i
Ethylene biosynthesis. 2. Stereochemistry of ripening, stress, and model reactions (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthylene biosynthesis. 2. Stereochemistry of ripening, stress, and model reactionsMichael C. PirrungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 24, 7207–7209Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00362a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00362a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Correlation of occupation and karyotype in adults with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (1982)

Seventy-four adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) were classified retrospectively as to whether or not they had had occupational exposure to insecticides, chemicals and solvents, or petroleum products. Fifty-eight patients were considered nonexposed and 16 were considered exposed. The chromosome banding pattern was abnormal in 37 of the 74 patients (50%). Twenty-five of the 58 (43%) nonexposed patients had a clonal chromosome abnormality, compared with 12 of the 16 (75%) exposed patients (p = 0.02). Only 2 of 23 (8.7%) females with an abnormal karyotype were exposed, whereas 10 of 14 (71%) males with an abnormal karyotype were exposed. Either a -5/5q- or a -7/7q- was present in 67% of the exposed patients with a chromosome abnormality, compared to 28% of the aneuploid nonexposed patients. The -7/7q- abnormality was present in 7 of the 12 (58.3%) exposed patients, versus 5 of the 25 (20%) nonexposed patients with abnormal karyotypes (p less than 0.05). The -5/5q- anomaly was observed in 4 of the 12 (33%) exposed patients and in 4 of the 25 (16%) nonexposed abnormal patients. Our study supports the observation that a subset of patients with ANLL de novo have a history of occupational exposure and a unique pattern of chromosome abnormalities.
What's buzzing? Mosquito genomics and transgenic mosquitoes (2002)

Genome projects and associated technologies are now being established for mosquito species that are vectors of human disease. The recent announcement of an award by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to Celera Genomics to sequence the Anopheles gambiae genome will further accelerate the completion of the sequencing of this genome. Completion of the An. gambiae sequence will mean that the genomes of all three organisms involved in the transmission of falciparum malaria--the mosquito, the parasite, and the human--will have been sequenced. This will greatly facilitate the identification of genes and pathways involved in the transmission of malaria. The recent genetic transformation of An. gambiae with the piggyBac transposable element and the transformation of another important malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi using the Minos element, now provide researchers with powerful tools with which to genetically manipulate these medically important vector species. Here we review the recent progress made in the extension of contemporary tools of modern genetics and genomics into these medically important insects.
Moulded microwave squid for r.f.-attenuator calibration (1976)

The letter describes the use of a moulded microwave SQUID which has been used to calibrate a high-precision waveguide-beyond-cutoff (w.b.c.o.) r.f. attenuator with an accuracy of 0.0024 dB (s.d.).
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles: Charging load profile extraction based on transportation data (2011)

Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technology is one of the most promising solutions for reducing petroleum consumption. A PHEV can be recharged through a plug connected to the electric power grid. Therefore, PHEVs increase the load of the electric power grid. Consequently, there are concerns about their negative impact on power generation, transmission, and distribution installations. PHEV charging load profile (PCLP) is an approach to examine the aggregated impact of PHEVs on the power grid; however developing a PCLP requires some basic data which is not easily available. This paper focuses on the information required for generating a PCLP and proposes answers to three key questions i) when does each vehicle begin to be charged, ii) how much energy is required to charge it, and iii) what level of charge is available. The data obtained from transportation surveys, as sources for the information on vehicles and trips characteristics, are used in this work to extract applicable information which leads to the development of a PCLP.
Field evidence on nitrogen losses by denitrification (1986)

Abstract. Evidence based on observations of colour, growth and measurements of stem nitrate on carrots and sugar beet, colour and yield of grass, and of yield of wheat in different areas of Britain showed that growth and yield may have been substantially reduced in the wet summer of 1985 due to deficiency of nitrogen following large losses by denitrification. An account of die processes involved is given, together with observations and tests on affected soils. These were compared with field measurements of denitrification also made in 1985, under barley. Examination of climatic data suggests that there were several periods in May, June, July and August when the soils close to the surface would have been saturated for days on end, and in the presence of many tine roots typical of crops at that time of year, the onset of an anaerobic state and accompanying denitrification would have been highly likely. The field evidence in 1985 suggests that nitrogen losses may have been much higher than those reported previously from research station investigations.
Complexity of Partial Satisfaction (1981)

A conjunctive-normal-form expression (cnf) IS said to be 2-satisfiable if and only if any two of its clauses are simultaneously satisfiable It is shown that every 2-satisfiable cnf has a truth assignment that satisfies at least the fraction h of its clauses, where h = (x/5 -1)/2 ~ 0.618 (the reciprocal of the "golden ratio"). The proof ~s constructive m that it provides a polynomtal-ume algorithm that will find for any 2-sausfiable cnf a truth assignment satisfying at least the fraction h of its clauses. Furthermore, this result is optimal m that the constant h IS as large as possible. It is shown that, for any rational h' > h, the set of all 2-satisfiable cnfs that have truth assignments satisfying at least the fraction h' of their clauses ~s an NP-complete set gEY WORDS AND PHRASES doubly transltwe permutations, golden mean, NP-complete, polynomial enumeration algorithm, polynomially constructive reductions, satlsfiabdlty CR CATEGORIES 5.21, 5.25,
Abstract 17177: Self-rating Depression Scale Score as an Inverse and Independent Predictor of Successful Smoking Cessation with a Pharmacological Treatment for Nicotine Addiction (2014)

Background: Smoking cessation (SC) rapidly decreases the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the short-term SC rate with a pharmacological agent such as nicotine patch (NP) or varenicline is only about 50% or less. The impact of a depressive state on the short-term SC rate in patients receiving pharmacological treatment for nicotine addiction is not fully clarified.

Methods and Results: To determine the relationship between the self-rating depression scale (SDS) score and the short-term SC, we performed a prospective study. A total of 1,050 consecutive patients, who visited the SC clinic for the first time, were screened, and a total of 675 patients gave informed consent and took an SDS test. A total of 300, 300, and 75 patients received NP, varenicline, and no pharmacological agent, respectively. After the 12-week standard SC program, the SC rates with NP (58.3%) and varenicline (60.0%) were markedly higher than that without any pharmacological agent (2.7%) (P<0.0001). Then, we divided patients with NP or varenicline (n=600) into two groups: successful (n=355) and unsuccessful (n=245) SC groups. There was no significant difference in a male gender (69.3 versus 64.9%), the Brinkman index (888±27 [SD] versus 894±32), NP treatment (49.2 versus 51.0%), and varenicline treatment (50.7 versus 49.0%) between successful and unsuccessful SC groups. However, age (59±13 versus 55±13 y, P=0.0008) and smoking duration (38±12 versus 35±12 y, P=0.011) were significantly higher, and daily consumption of tobacco (24.0±11.4 versus 26.4±11.8, P=0.016), and scores of the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) (6.9±2.0 versus 7.6±1.9, P<0.0001), and SDS (37.7±10.1 versus 40.2±10.1, P=0.0042) were significantly lower in successful compared with unsuccessful SC group. Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the FTND score (odds ratio [OR], 0.74 per 1-SD increase; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.62-0.88; P=0.0008) and SDS score (OR, 0.84 per 1-SD increase; 95% CI, 0.71-0.999; P = 0.0491) were inversely and independently associated with successful SC.

Conclusions: The SDS score, an indicator of depressive state, may serve as an inverse predictor of successful SC in combination with the FTND score of nicotine dependence.