gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controller synthesis for hybrid systems with a lower bound on event separation (2003)

A systematic procedure for synthesizing all full-state feedback controllers for a hybrid system subject to a safety (state-invariance) specification has been proposed in the literature. The interaction between the controller and a non- deterministic hybrid plant is viewed as a two-person game. The controller wins if it keeps the state of the closed-loop system within a specified set of good states; its adversarial environment tries to force the system outside the good set. The synthesis procedure iteratively augments the set of states from which the environment wins via either one additional discrete step, or one additional continuous flow. The key difficulty in carrying out the synthesis procedure lies in the computations for continuous flows. One must essentially solve a differential game in which the environment is trying to drive the system into its target set at the same time as avoiding the target set of the controller. In this paper, we study hybrid systems with lower bounds on the separation between occurrence times of consecutive discrete moves. These systems arise when modelling minimal delay times between events, either in the controller, or in the environment. For such systems, we provide techniques for solving the differential games in reduced state spaces. The main idea is to discretize information about whether discrete moves are enabled or not. We demonstrate our technique by successfully synthesizing the maximal set of controllers for a hybrid model of a heating system with discrete controls and disturbances and continuous controls and disturbances.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPETITIVE RADIATIVE DECAY AND METAL‐METAL BOND CLEAVAGE FROM THE LOWEST EXCITED STATE OF TRIPHENYLTIN‐ AND TRIPHENYLGERMANIUM TRICARBONYL(1,10‐PHENANTHROLINE)RHENIUM (1979)

Abstract Die Darstellung der Titelverbindungen (IV) erfolgt durch langsame Zugabe von THF‐Lösungen der Verbindungen (III) zu (II), wobei letztere wie aufgezeigt aus (I) erhalten werden.
Enhanced nuclear accumulation of pyrrole–imidazole polyamides by incorporation of the tri-arginine vector (2020)

The tri-arginine moiety enhanced nuclear accumulation of a 12-ring pyrrole-imidazole polyamide (PIP) without compromising sequence-selectivity and achieved efficient repression of SOX2-downstream genes and HER2 transcription in live cells. This simple vector expands the application of long PIPs in live cells by overcoming the compound delivery problems associated with them.
Background Suppression Using Magnetization preparation for Contrast-enhanced 3D MR angiography of the pelvic and lower leg arteries (2003)

Zielsetzung: Entwicklung und Evaluation einer 3D-Gradientenechosequenz mit implementierter Hintergrundsuppression für die kontrastverstärkte Magnetresonanzangiographie unter Verwendung nicht-selektiver Präparations-Pulse. Methoden: Am 1.5-T-Kernspintomographen wurde eine segmentierte, ultraschnelle gespoilte 3D-MR-Angiographiesequenz (FLASH) mit nicht-selektiven Inversionspulsen zur Hintergrundsuppression implementiert. Bei 11 Patienten erfolgte die Gadolinium-BOPTA-verstärkte MR-Angiographie der Becken-Bein-Arterien unter Verwendung des AngioSURF-Rolltisches. Die rekonstruierten Einzelschichten wurden hinsichtlich des Gefäßkontrastes sowie der Qualität der Gefäßdarstellung und Hintergrundsuppression analysiert. Ergebnisse: In allen Gefäßetagen konnte eine hervorragende Hintergrundsuppression und selektive Gefäß-Kontrastierung erzielt werden. Das Protokoll war schnell und komfortabel durchführbar, wobei die nicht erforderliche Akquisition von Nativ-Serien eine deutliche Vereinfachung des Untersuchungsablaufes darstellte. Schlussfolgerung: Mittels nicht-selektiven Inversionspulsen kann eine effiziente Suppression des Hintergrundsignals in der kontrastverstärkten 3D-Magnetresonanz-angiographie der Becken-Bein-Region erzielt werden. Auf die bewegungsanfällige Subtraktionstechnik kann auch bei der Untersuchung der unteren Extremitäten verzichtet werden; somit ist eine deutliche Vereinfachung von Tischverschiebeprotokollen möglich.
Circulatory heat sources for canine respiratory heat exchange. (1986)

We assessed the roles of the pulmonary and bronchial circulations as potential heat sources to the pulmonary airways during respiratory heat loss, by observing the changes in airstream temperature that accompanied temporary occlusion of the pulmonary or bronchial circulations. Baseline end-expiratory and end-inspiratory airstream temperatures were 35.4 +/- 0.2 degrees C (SEM) and 30.9 +/- 0.3 degrees C, respectively, among all trials. With occlusion of the lower lobe pulmonary arteries for 3 min ipsilateral end-expiratory and end-inspiratory airstream temperatures fell by 2.8 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 degrees C, respectively, during hyperpnea with room temperature air, and by 3.5 +/- 0.5 and 1.8 +/- 0.2 degrees C, respectively, during hyperpnea with frigid air. In marked contrast, interruption of the bronchial circulation for 3 min had no effect on airstream temperatures. These data indicate that under these conditions, the pulmonary circulation, but not the bronchial circulation, serves as an important local heat source for respiratory heat exchange within the pulmonary airways.
Separation of blob-like structures using fuzzy distance based hierarchical clustering (2006)

We present a method for separation of clustered biomedical blob-like structures in 2D and 3D images. The local maxima found on the fuzzy distance transform of the image are grouped by fuzzy distanc ...
Micropropagation of New and Old World Rose Species (1982)

SummaryMicropropagation comparisons were made between two Rosa hybrida cvs, Tropicana and Bridal Pink, and two old world spp. R. canina L. and R. damascena Mill. All species exhibited shoot-tip proliferation on a medium containing Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) basic salts plus nicotinic acid (0.5 mg 1−1), pyridoxine HC1 (0.5 mg 1−1), thiamin HC1 (0.5 mg 1−1), glycine (2.0 mg 1−1), myo-inositol (100 mg 1−1), sucrose (30 g 1−1), Bacto agar (8 g 1−1) and supplemented with growth regulators. Species variation was observed for growth regulator requirement and rate of multiplication not only between the two R. hybrida cvs but also between the old world spp. It was concluded that 2.0 mg 1−1 of BA was optimal for hybrid roses plus 0.05 and 0.10 mg 1−1 of NAA for cvs Tropicana and Bridal Pink, respectively. Old world species required lower BA (1.0 mg 1−1), and 0.15 mg 1−1 NAA for R. canina and 0.10 mg 1−1 NAA for R. damascena were optimal for maximum shoot proliferation. Both rooting ability and acclimation to the planting medium were lower in old world spp. compared with R. hybrida cvs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cupped Azacyclophanes Based on a m‐Terphenyl Framework: Conformational Features of Their N‐Tosylamide Precursors. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
THE PREPARATION OF 4-CARBETHOXY-3-METHYL-5-ALKYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-1-ONES AND 3-METHYL-5-ALKYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-1-ONES (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE PREPARATION OF 4-CARBETHOXY-3-METHYL-5-ALKYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-1-ONES AND 3-METHYL-5-ALKYL-2-CYCLOHEXEN-1-ONESE. C. HORNING, M. O. DENEKAS, and R. E. FIELDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1944, 09, 6, 547–551Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01188a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01188a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on the spatial generation of breakdown spots in MIM capacitors with different aspect ratios (2015)

Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) large area (>10-4 cm2) capacitors with different aspect ratios were subjected to severe stress conditions (Eox>4-5 MV/cm) with the aim of generating a large density of breakdown spots (from 105 to 106 spots/cm2) in the same device. The resulting mark pattern on the top metal electrode associated with the failure events was analyzed first using conventional functional estimators for two-dimensional spatial statistics. Second, as a double check, the attention was focused on the same breakdown spot patterns but in relation to the probe point location. In this latter case, the objective was to rule out any stochastic dependence of the breakdown spot distribution on the position of the source of degradation and therefore to confirm whether or not the spots follow a complete spatial randomness (CSR) process. In order to simplify the mathematical treatment of the point-to-event distributions, the voltage probe was assumed to be located at one corner of the observation window which significantly reduces the number of cases to analyze. Infrared images revealed that the generation of the spots is associated with micro-explosions within the insulating material (HfO2) and with the local volatilization of the top metal electrode (Pt).
COMMON EVOLUTIONARY ORIGIN OF STARCH BIOSYNTHETIC ENZYMES IN GREEN AND RED ALGAE<sup>1</sup> (2005)

Plastidic starch synthesis in green algae and plants occurs via ADP‐glucose in likeness to prokaryotes from which plastids have evolved. In contrast, floridean starch synthesis in red algae proceeds via uridine diphosphate‐glucose in semblance to eukaryotic glycogen synthesis and occurs in the cytosol rather than the plastid. Given the monophyletic origin of all plastids, we investigated the origin of the enzymes of the plastid and cytosolic starch synthetic pathways to determine whether their location reflects their origin—either from the cyanobacterial endosymbiont or from the eukaryotic host. We report that, despite the compartmentalization of starch synthesis differing in green and red lineages, all but one of the enzymes of the synthetic pathways shares a common origin. Overall, the pathway of starch synthesis in both lineages represents a chimera of the host and endosymbiont glycogen synthesis pathways. Moreover, host‐derived proteins function in the plastid in green algae, whereas endosymbiont‐derived proteins function in the cytosol in red algae. This complexity demonstrates the impacts of integrating pathways of host with those of both primary and secondary endosymbionts during plastid evolution.
The GaAs spin polarized electron source (1980)

The design, construction, operation, and performance of a spin polarized electron source utilizing photoemission from negative electron affinity (NEA) GaAs are presented in detail. A polarization of 43±2% is produced using NEA GaAs (100). The polarization can be easily modulated without affecting other characteristics of the electron beam. The electron beam intensity depends on the intensity of the exciting radiation at 1.6 eV; beam currents of 20 μA/mW are obtained. The source is electron optically bright; the emittance phase space (energy-area-solid angle product) is 0.043 eV mm2 sr. The light optics, electron optics, and cathode preparation including the GaAs cleaning and activation to NEA are discussed in depth. The origin of the spin polarization in the photoexcitation process is reviewed and new equations describing the depolarization of photoelectrons in the emission process are derived. Quantum yield and polarization measurements for both NEA and positive electron affinity surfaces are reported. The important considerations for interfacing he polarized electron source to an experiment are illustrated by its application to polarized low energy electron diffraction (PLEED). The advantages of this spin polarization modulated electron gun for PLEED are clearly demonstrated by sample PLEED results for W(100) and ferromagnetic Ni(110). A comparison with other polarized electron sources shows that the GaAs spin polarized electron source offers many advantages for a wide range of applications.
The Selection of Emulsifier in W/O Type Emulsions by HLB-Temperature (PIT) System (1975)

The dissolution state of polyoxyethylene (n) nonylphenylether-water-cyclohexane system was studied as a function of temperature. The phase inversion temperature (PIT) and the temperature range over which W/O type emulsions are stable were determined. As a result, the relation between the PIT and the oxyethylene chain length of emulsifiers which will give the stable W/O type emulsions was obtained, thereby an emulsifier which will yield stable emulsion at a given temperature can be selected. Emulsions are most stable, if we select emulsifiers whose oxyethylene chain length is shorter by about two as compared with the emulsifier whose PIT (HLB-temperature) is equal to an experimental temperature. Thus, the procedures for the emulsifier selection of W/O type became clear by HLB-temperature method.
Relation between QT interval variability and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in normal subjects (2015)

Beat-to-beat variability of the QT interval (QTV) is sought to provide an indirect noninvasive measure of sympathetic nerve activity, but a formal quantification of this relationship has not been provided. In this study we used power contribution analysis to study the relationship between QTV and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA). ECG and MSNA were recorded in 10 healthy subjects in the supine position and after 40° head-up tilt. Power spectrum analysis was performed using a linear autoregressive model with two external inputs: heart period (RR interval) variability (RRV) and MSNA. Total and low-frequency power of QTV was decomposed into contributions by RRV, MSNA, and sources independent of RRV and MSNA. Results show that the percentage of MSNA power contribution to QT is very small and does not change with tilt. RRV power contribution to QT power is notable and decreases with tilt, while the greatest percentage of QTV is independent of RRV and MSNA in the supine position and after 40° head-up tilt. In conclusion, beat-to-beat QTV in normal subjects does not appear to be significantly affected by the rhythmic modulations in MSNA following low to moderate orthostatic stimulation. Therefore, MSNA oscillations may not represent a useful surrogate for cardiac sympathetic nerve activity at moderate levels of activation, or, alternatively, sympathetic influences on QTV are complex and not quantifiable with linear shift-invariant autoregressive models.
Parabolic comparison principle and quasiminimizers in metric measure spaces (2014)

We give several characterizations of parabolic (quasisuper)- minimizers in a metric measure space equipped with a doubling measure and supporting a PoincarÃ© inequality. We also prove a version of comparison principle for super- and subminimizers on parabolic space-time cylinders and a uniqueness result for minimizers of a boundary value problem. We also give an example showing that the corresponding results do not hold, in general, for quasiminimizers even in the Euclidean case.
Requirement for NK1.1+ cells for the effect of a Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist against disseminated B16-F10 melanoma (2007)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA

3553 

Goal: The objective of this study was to understand the mechanism by which a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and 8 agonist inhibits tumor growth.

Methods: The TLR7/8 agonist, 3M-011, was used as a single agent to treat B16-F10 melanoma disseminated to the lungs of mice of different strains and genetic backgrounds, or mice that were immunodepleted of specific cell populations or cytokines.

Results: 3M-011 retained its effectiveness in nude and scid mice, suggesting that T and B cells were not essential. However its activity was abolished in both beige (bg/bg) and NK1.1 immunodepleted mice. 3M-011 was shown to trigger long-lasting NK-cell activation in vivo, as determined by the enhancement of cytotoxicity of NK-sensitive target cells and by the sustained expression of the activation marker CD69. Activation of NK1.1+ cells by 3M-011 can occur independently of type I Interferon (IFN) because 3M-011 retained its anti-tumor activity in IFN-αβ receptor-deficient mice. Perforin does not seem to play an essential role in the NK1.1+ cell-dependent anti-tumor activity of 3M-011, as this activity was maintained in perforin-deficient mice. On the other hand, depletion of IFN-γ significantly decreased the ability of 3M-011 to delay tumor growth.

Conclusions: The data suggest that in the B16-F10 melanoma model 3M-011-induced cytokine production by innate immune cells results in delayed tumor progression that is at least partially due to the mobilization of anti-tumor effector cells such as NK cells or the recently described NKDC/IKDC.
Identification of Human and Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cell Populations Expressing High Levels of mRNA Encoding Retrovirus Receptors (1998)

One obstacle to retrovirus-mediated gene therapy for human hematopoietic disorders is the low efficiency of gene transfer into pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We have previously shown a direct correlation between retrovirus receptor mRNA levels in mouse HSC and the efficiency with which they are transduced. In the present study, we assayed retrovirus receptor mRNA levels in a variety of mouse and human HSC populations to identify HSC which may be more competent for retrovirus transduction. The highest levels of amphotropic retrovirus receptor (amphoR) mRNA were found in cryopreserved human cord blood HSC. The level of amphoR mRNA in Lin- CD34(+) CD38(-) cells isolated from frozen cord blood was 12-fold higher than the level in fresh cord blood Lin- CD34(+) CD38(-) cells. In mice, the level of amphoR mRNA in HSC from the bone marrow (BM) of mice treated with stem cell factor and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was 2.8- to 7.8-fold higher than in HSC from the BM of untreated mice. These findings suggest that HSC from frozen cord blood and cytokine-mobilized BM may be superior targets for amphotropic retrovirus transduction compared with HSC from untreated adult BM.
RAD51C germline mutations in breast and ovarian cancer patients (2010)

Recently, RAD51C reported as a breast cancer susceptibility gene. A germline mutation was seen in 1.3% of breast/ovarian cancer families from Germany. In order to confirm this report, we sequenced coding exons of RAD51C in the germline DNA of 454 patients with familial breast/ovarian cancer. We found no deleterious RAD51C mutation among the 454 patients. Based on the prevalence of mutations in the initial report, we expected to identify approximately five families with a deleterious germline RAD51C mutation. Our result indicates that perhaps RAD51C mutations are not as common as the initial report suggests.
Testing the Limits: The Potential of MAPC in Animal Models (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Characterization of MAPCs Phenotype of MAPCs Proliferative Capacity of MAPCs and Culture Conditions In-vitro Differentiation Potential of MAPCs In-vivo Differentiation Potential of MAPCs Mechanisms Underlying the Phenomenon of MAPCs Conclusion
Functional Characterization of EBV-Encoded Nuclear Antigen 1–Specific CD4+ Helper and Regulatory T Cells Elicited by<i>In vitro</i>Peptide Stimulation (2005)

CD4(+) helper and regulatory T (Treg) cells play important but opposing roles in regulating host immune responses against cancer and other diseases. However, very little is known about the antigen specificity of CD4(+) Treg cells. Here we describe the generation of a panel of EBV-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1)-specific CD4(+) T-cell lines and clones that recognize naturally processed EBNA1-P(607-619) and -P(561-573) peptides in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DR11, -DR12, and -DR13 molecules, respectively. Phenotypic and functional analyses of these CD4(+) T cells revealed that they represent EBNA1-specific CD4(+) T helper as well as Treg cells. CD4(+) Treg cells do not secrete interleukin (IL)-10 and transforming growth factor beta cytokines but express CD25, the glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR), and Forkhead Box P3 (Foxp3), and are capable of suppressing the proliferative responses of naive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells to stimulation with mitogenic anti-CD3 antibody. The suppressive activity of these CD4(+) Treg cells is mediated via cell-cell contact or in part by a cytokine-dependent manner. Importantly, these Treg cells suppress IL-2 secretion by CD4(+) effector T cells specific for either EBNA1 or a melanoma antigen, suggesting that these CD4(+) Treg cells induce immune suppression. These observations suggest that the success of peptide-based vaccines against EBV-associated cancer and other diseases may likely depend upon our ability to identify antigens/peptides that preferentially activate helper T cells and/or to design strategies to regulate the balance between CD4(+) helper and Treg cells.
An In Vivo Model for Studying Platelet Aggregation and Disaggregation (1982)

A simple minimally invasive technique has been developed for the continuous monitoring of 111-Indium labelled homologous platelets in the thoracic (C1) and abdominal (C2) regions of experimental animals. The effects of the aggregatory agents adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen and platelet activating factor (PAF) and the anti-aggregatory agent, prostacyclin (PGI2) have been studied in the guinea-pig. Administration of ADP, collagen or PAF produces an increase in counts in C1, a decrease in counts in C2, and hence an increase in the ratio C1/C2. The rise in C1/C2 is more protracted after collagen administration than after ADP or PAF. PGI2 (50-500 ng/kg) reduces the response to ADP. The present technique is both simple, reproducible and although the present experiments are in the presence of heparin, the technique remains functional in the presence of minimal heparin, thus making it a suitable method for studies of platelet function and the evaluation of anti-aggregatory agents in vivo.