gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
French Research in Acoustics and Signal Processing: Report on Introductory Visit (1986)

Abstract : The initial visit of a new project officer to France to determine the scope and organization of acoustics and signal-processing research is reported. From 6--23 May 1986, eight facilities were visited, including Navy, government university, private university, defense contractor, seismic exploration, and national laboratories working in research applicable to acoustics and signal processing. The tour highlighted some outstanding research in advanced acoustic signal processing. It also provided broad exposure to both the research underway and the French research process itself. Keywords: France, Acoustics, Signal processing, Organizations, Facilities, and Personalities.
Photographic Recording of Spatially Modulated Coherent Light* (1966)

Photographic recording of spatially modulated coherent light, such as is encountered in wavefront reconstruction or coherent optical data processing, is described in terms of the amplitude transmittance (Ta) vs exposure (E) curve of the film. It is proposed that the Ta−E curve is more appropriate for this application than the D−log E curve. The nonlinear effects of recording are analyzed in this context using a nonlinear “circuit” model. A general expression for the resulting amplitude transmittance is derived by use of a Fourier-transform technique. A specific nonlinearity, the error-function limiter, is analyzed in detail to illustrate the effects of the film nonlinearity.
Dynamics and control of a spacecraft with a moving, pulsating ball in a spherical cavity (1996)

A model with two interacting bodies, for a spacecraft with liquid, has been developed. The spacecraft without liquid is the and is characterized by its inertial properties and the location and size of a spherical cavity. In the cavity is located the slug, a sphere of uniform density with a variable radius. At the point of contact between slug and tank the interaction force and torque are prescribed as a function of liquid properties and state variables. The model is named SMS, for Sloshsat Motion Simulator. Its initial objective is to support the development of control laws for the Sloshsat spacecraft, presently under development and scheduled to be launched in 1998. Sloshsat is to perform a series of experiments for the validation of CFD models of spacecraft with onboard liquid. The SMS parameters are to be predicted by CFD simulations and finally to be validated by Sloshsat results. The special feature of SMS is the variable size of the slug. It provides a degree of freedom for the modelling of the variable shape of onboard liquid. The dynamic behaviour of SMS is illustrated and discussed for some particular cases, including a PAM-D nutation model. Control of SMS is evaluated for commanded uniform rotation about its intermediate principal axis and stabilized by a cold-gas jet system with 12 nozzles. The cavity centre is on the axis of rotation but not at the centre of mass of the tank. Although the tank is easily stabilized by its reaction control system, a very small friction between slug and tank causes angular momentxim to accumulate in the slug motion and results in large oscillations of size.
CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS, LIFE STYLE AND CANCER MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IN MEN (2002)

Purpose: To examine the relations of common life style factors including nutrition, smoking habits, the energy expenditure, duration, intensity and frequency of physical activity and maximal oxygen uptake (a measure of cardiorespiratory fitness) with the risk of cancer. Design: Population-based cohort study with an average follow-up 11 years. Setting: Kuopio and surrounding communities, eastern Finland. Participants: Participants were 2268 men with no cancer at baseline. Main outcome measures: Cancer incidence (n = 171), cancer mortality (n = 76) and overall (n = 326) mortality. Results: Men with maximal oxygen uptake of more than 33.2 mL/kg/min (highest tertile) had 46% (95% CI 54 to 13%, p = 0.009) decreased cancer incidence and 53% (95% CI 76 to 7%, p = 0.03) reduced cancer mortality as compared with men with less than 26.9 mL/kg/min (lowest tertile) after adjustment for age, examination years and confounders (alcohol consumption, smoking, sosio-economic status, waist to hip ratio, total energy, fibre and fat intake). The adjusted risk of cancer incidence was 0.55 (95% CI 0.35–0.86, p = 0.008) among fit (26.9 mL/kg/min) men with the total energy expenditure of physical activity over 2500 kcal per week. A total of 117 active (energy expenditure > 1000 kcal/wk and duration of physical activity > 2 hours/wk) men with protective life style (good cardiorespiratory fitness, optimal energy intake, no smoking) had a adjusted RR of 0.22 (95% CI 0.05–0.90, p = 0.03) for cancer incidence as compared with all other study counter parts. Conclusion. Our study shows that an optimal life style including good dietary habits with active, fit and non-smoking lifestyle considerable reduces the risk of cancer.
Longitudinal measurement of anticardiolipin antibodies during normal pregnancy: a prospective study (1995)

We have previously shown that elevation of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) at the first prenatal visit is associated with increased fetal loss in normal pregnancy. The variation in aCL levels during normal pregnancy has not been established. To examine this question we measured IgG, IgM and IgA aCL levels five times during pregnancy at weeks 5-15, 16-25, 26-35, 36-37 and at delivery. Data were analyzed to determine: (a) the within and between subject variability of aCL during pregnancy; (2) the temporal trend of aCL; and (3) the relation of serial measures of aCL with maternal complications of pregnancy. We divided our cohort of 354 subjects into two groups. Group A included those subjects with consistently normal levels of aCL and group B those subjects with at least one elevated level of aCL. In group A the within subject variability was relatively low (28-34%). In group B we found wide fluctuations in aCL levels and a within subject variability of 88-91%. Subjects in group B had no increase in maternal complications of pregnancy. The present data suggest that aCL may fluctuate significantly during normal pregnancy and there is little clinical value in measuring aCL on a serial basis during pregnancy.
rK39 Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of <i>Leishmania donovani</i> Infection (1998)

The rK39 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was compared with the direct agglutination test (DAT) for Leishmania donovani infection in the Sudan. rK39 ELISA proved more sensitive than DAT in diagnosis of kala-azar (93 and 80%, respectively); both tests may remain positive up to 24 months after treatment. For patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis and individuals with subclinical infection, rK39 ELISA performed as well as DAT but could detect infection 6 months earlier in approximately 40% of patients. Conversion in DAT and rK39 ELISA also occurred in leishmanin skin test (LST)-positive individuals, suggesting active parasite replication (rK39 is an amastigote antigen) in these presumably immune individuals. In contrast to DAT, rK39 ELISA also detected infection in randomly selected LST-positive individuals (in four of six) and endemicity (LST-negative) controls (in one of five). rK39 ELISA appears more sensitive than DAT and may prove an important tool in epidemiological studies.
Hepatic cholesterol synthesis and the secretion of newly synthesized cholesterol in bile (1993)

To determine the effect of increased hepatic cholesterol synthesis on the secretion of newly synthesized cholesterol in bile, rats were fed with cholestyramine, a bile-acid-binding resin that increases the number of hepatocytes that synthesize cholesterol. Cholesterol synthesis was measured 15 min after [3H]water injection to avoid appreciable exchange between the liver and serum of newly synthesized cholesterol that accumulates in the serum in studies of several hours duration. At 15 min after [3H]water injection, the specific radioactivity of cholesterol in the liver and hepatic microsomes was greatly increased in resin-fed animals compared with controls. However, with resin, the specific radioactivity of newly synthesized cholesterol that was secreted in bile was the same as for controls. At 15 min after [3H]water injection the specific radioactivity of serum cholesterol was minimally increased and not different in resin and control groups. In contrast, in studies that were longer than 60 min, newly synthesized cholesterol in serum was appreciably increased in resin-fed animals, and newly synthesized cholesterol in bile was also greatly increased compared with controls. Thus, when appreciable cholesterol exchange is avoided, an increase in hepatic cholesterol synthesis and the number of hepatocytes that synthesized cholesterol does not result in an increase in newly synthesized cholesterol in bile. Our results suggest that newly synthesized cholesterol is secreted in bile from a fixed subpopulation of hepatocytes. From a comparison of the specific radioactivity of newly synthesized cholesterol in whole liver and bile, it can be estimated that this subpopulation of hepatocytes represents about 20% of the total hepatocyte mass.
13.3 W quasi-continuous operation of 0.99 µmwavelengthSCH-QW InGaAs/GaAs/InGaP broadened waveguidelasers (1997)

An output power of 13.3 W at 0.99 µm wavelength was obtained in the quasi-continuous wave regime from a 3 mm long, 100 µm aperture InGaAs/GaAs/InGaP SCH QW laser with broadened waveguide. A differential efficiency of 0.72 was demonstrated at 15°C for these devices with a series resistance of 0.025 Ω.
Location of the unique integration site on an <i>Escherichia coli</i> chromosome by bacteriophage lambda DNA in vivo (2014)

The search for specific sequences on long genomes is a key process in many biological contexts. How can specific target sequences be located with high efficiency, within physiologically relevant times? We addressed this question for viral integration, a fundamental mechanism of horizontal gene transfer driving prokaryotic evolution, using the infection of Escherichia coli bacteria with bacteriophage λ and following the establishment of a lysogenic state. Following the targeting process in individual live E. coli cells in real time revealed that λ DNA remains confined near the entry point of a cell following infection. The encounter between the 15-bp-long target sequence on the chromosome and the recombination site on the viral genome is facilitated by the directed motion of bacterial DNA generated during chromosome replication, in conjunction with constrained diffusion of phage DNA. Moving the native bacterial integration site to different locations on the genome and measuring the integration frequency in these strains reveals that the frequencies of the native site and a site symmetric to it relative to the origin are similar, whereas both are significantly higher than when the integration site is moved near the terminus, consistent with the replication-driven mechanism we propose. This novel search mechanism is yet another example of the exquisite coevolution of λ with its host.
ChemInform Abstract: P‐Chiral Phosphine Ligands for Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The effect of the subspinal Le Fort I-type osteotomy on interalar rim width. (1997)

The postoperative increase in interalar rim width was measured in two groups undergoing Le Fort I impaction or advancement. In the control group, 19 patients with a conventional osteotomy, an absorbable alar cinch suture, and V-Y closure were followed for 20 months on average. In the experimental group, 12 patients with a "subspinal" Le Fort I osteotomy (without alar cinch or V-Y closure) were followed for 15 months on average. Interalar rim width was measured with a slide gauge preoperatively, at several times during surgery, and at the 6-month and late follow-up appointments. At surgery, the alar cinch suture decreased the interalar rim width by 50% in the control group. Still, after extubation, there was no statistical difference between groups. At the 6-month follow-up measurement, the interalar rim width was significantly (1.92 mm) smaller in the subspinal group. At the late follow-up, this difference had decreased by a mean of 0.61 mm.
Esterification of terminal phosphate groups in nucleic acids with sorbitol and its application to the isolation of terminal polynucleotide fragments (1981)

The exposure of mono- and polynucleotides to 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide and high concentrations of sorbitol results in the esterification of their monosubstituted phosphate groups. The presence of the sorbitol moiety permits these derivatives to bind strongly at pH 8.7 to columns of chromatographic supports containing the dihydroxyboryl group and to be subsequently released by elution with buffers at pH 5.5. The procedure constitutes a method for the isolation of polynucleotide fragments arising from the terminals of nucleic acids. A new method for the preparation of the chromatographic supports involves the synthesis of the 1,3-propanediol cyclic ester of m-[[3-(N-succinimidoxycarbonyl)propanoyl]amino]benzeneboronic acid and its condensation with aminoethylcellulose or amino-ethylpolyacrylamide. The reagent is readily prepared by reaction of N-[m-(dihydroxyboryl)phenyl)]succinamic acid with 1,3-propanediol to protect the boronate moiety followed by esterification with N-hydroxysuccinimide in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
Hyperthermia‐induced mitochondrial damage is exacerbated with aging (2008)

Heat stress produces exaggerated oxidative damage with aging, and recent studies implicate mitochondria, a primary source of prooxidant production, as a key contributor to this response. In the current study, liver mitochondria isolated from either control or heat‐stressed young (6 mo) and old (24 mo) Fischer 344 rats (n=6/group) were assessed for structural and functional damage as well as endpoints indicative of oxidative stress. Electron microscopy revealed structural damage to mitochondria from both young and, to a greater extent, old heat stressed rats. Consistent with increased lipid peroxidation, 4‐hydroxynonenal‐modified protein was increased above control levels in mitochondria from both young and, again, to a greater extent in old rats exposed to hyperthermia. ATP and immunoreactive cytochrome c protein levels were significantly decreased in mitochondria from old but not young rats exposed to heat stress, suggesting that hyperthermia notably compromised mitochondrial function in aged animals. Taken together, the data indicate that, relative to young animals, mitochondria from aged rats are more vulnerable to oxidative damage caused by heat stress. These results support the speculation that mitochondrial damage and dysfunction could cause amplified prooxidant production that contributes to the increased susceptibility of aged organisms to physiological stressors. (NIH AG12350)
Spatiotemporal changes in metallothionein gene expression during embryogenesis in the wall lizard <i>Podarcis sicula</i> (2010)

Lizard embryos are nutritionally independent from their environment. During the early phases of oogenesis, the egg prepares for development by storing reserve organelles, proteins, and RNAs sufficient to allow the zygote to transform into a juvenile. This preparation also includes the storage of metallothionein (MT) transcripts. This study investigated the localization of these transcripts by in situ hybridization throughout Podarcis sicula developmental stages. Our data show that MT expression undergoes shifts in both regional and cellular localization. MT transcripts were detected early in the central nervous system, later in tissues implicated in metabolic processes. Results are discussed highlighting differences in lizard embryonic spatial and temporal MT expression compared with piscine, amphibian, and mammalian embryos. We hypothesize that, under natural conditions, the nutritionally closed system represented by the lizard egg protects the developing embryo from an unwanted excess of metals. This mechanism would make MT expression and accumulation in detoxifying organs in developing animals unnecessary until hatching and food intake begins. Conversely, the presence of MT transcripts during brain development may ensure the correct final architecture of this organ.
The effect of baseline wandering in automatic T-wave alternans detection from holter recordings (2006)

T-wave alternans (TWA) is an electrophysiologic phenomenon associated with an increased risk of death. ECG baseline wandering may prevent correct detection of TWA. The present study was designed to test the effectiveness of our newly developed heart-rate adaptive match filter (AMF) to remove baseline wanders and improve TWA detection. To this aim, both simulated and experimental (10 Holter ECGs of patients with acute myocardial infarction, AMI) data were used. Performance of our AMF was compared with that of a third-order spline (TOS) interpolation. In simulated data, AMF allowed correct detection of TWA almost independently of baseline frequency components, when these were different from TWA own frequency, whereas the TOS interpolation allowed TWA detection only for baseline frequencies lower than TWA frequency. Application of AMF to AMI patients allowed detection of TWA in 2 out of 10, whereas 10 out of 10 were detected as TWA-positive after application of the TOS (p&lt;0.05). The two patients that resulted TWA-positive after AMF application were characterized by a larger number (p&lt;0.05) of beats involved in the TWA episodes than the number detected by the TOS. Detection of TWA in 100% of AMI patients provided by the TOS-technique (suggesting the presence of false-positive), and presence of false-negative, as deduced from the simulation results, question the reliability of this method. Our AMF allows more reliable identification of TWA almost independently of baseline frequency components. 1.
Concurrent Acute Cellular Rejection Is an Independent Risk Factor for Renal Allograft Failure in Patients With C4d-Positive Antibody-Mediated Rejection (2012)

Our single-center study has elucidated that concurrent acute TCMR in kidney transplant recipients with C4d+ acute AMR is an independent risk factor for graft failure. Level of allograft function at the time of diagnosis was also an independent predictor of graft loss.
Evidence for action video game induced 'learning to learn' in a perceptual decision-making task (2012)

Action video game play benefits performance in an array of sensory, perceptual, and attentional tasks that go beyond the specifics of game play. Rather than reflecting an enhancement in myriad independent cognitive abilities, we have recently suggested that this may reflect a singular improvement in the ability to perform statistical inference on sensory data (Green, Pouget, Bavelier, 2010). Using a perceptual decision-making task and a classical diffusion-to-bound model, action video game play was found to result in an increased rate of information accumulation and a decrease in decision bound, resulting in more correct decisions per unit of time and reflecting better statistical inference. Here, we ask how performance differences may emerge between action gamers and non-action gamers. A general change in sensitivity could be at play, predicting performance differences on the very first trial. Alternatively, an improved ability to learn task-relevant statistics may also account for the data. This latter view predicts comparable performance between groups initially, with group differences only emerging as participants gain experience with the task. To test these hypotheses, participants underwent four days of a dot-motion perceptual decision-making task. Consistent with the learning to learn hypothesis, a hierarchical Bayesian analysis of the behavioral data using an extended diffusion-to-bound model demonstrated that while parameter values were indistinguishable early in the experiment, differences in learning rate emerged quickly, with gamers clearly outpacing non-gamers. Combined with the fact that gamers also continued to show significant learning for a greater proportion of the total experiment (i.e. their performance plateaued later), this resulted in significantly more total learning in gamers. In sum, the true advantage conferred by action video game experience may be the ability to efficiently learn the statistics of novel task environments, an account that would naturally explain the breadth of tasks shown to benefit from such training. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2012
<i>trans</i>-Dioxocyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione) dihydrate and its Ni<sup>II</sup>complex (2001)

The crystal structures are reported of trans-dioxocyclam dihydrate, C(10)H(20)N(4)O(2).2H(2)O, a structural isomer of the well known cis-dioxocyclam, and of its novel Ni complex, (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-2,9-dionato-kappa(4)N)nickel(II) dihydrate, [Ni(C(10)H(18)N(4)O(2))].2H(2)O, the first example of a transition metal complex of this ligand. Both molecules lie on crystallographic centres of inversion. The free ligand has two of its N atoms turned outwards from the ring and hydrogen bonded to water molecules. A major conformational change takes place in the complex in which the ligand binds in a trans tetradentate fashion, as suggested by the electronic spectrum. The nickel(II) ion is low spin, although the electronic spectrum of the complex in water indicates an equilibrium mixture of low-spin and high-spin species. The irreversible electrochemical oxidation of [NiL(1)] (L(1) is deprotonated trans-dioxocyclam, C(10)H(18)N(4)O(2)) in water occurs at a potential of 0.964 V [versus SHE (standard hydrogen electrode)], which is very similar to that for the Ni-cis-dioxocyclam complex.