gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Anatomy of Language and Music Perception: Temporal and Structural Factors Investigated Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2011)

Language and music exhibit similar acoustic and structural properties, and both appear to be uniquely human. Several recent studies suggest that speech and music perception recruit shared computational systems, and a common substrate in Broca's area for hierarchical processing has recently been proposed. However, this claim has not been tested by directly comparing the spatial distribution of activations to speech and music processing within subjects. In the present study, participants listened to sentences, scrambled sentences, and novel melodies. As expected, large swaths of activation for both sentences and melodies were found bilaterally in the superior temporal lobe, overlapping in portions of auditory cortex. However, substantial nonoverlap was also found: sentences elicited more ventrolateral activation, whereas the melodies elicited a more dorsomedial pattern, extending into the parietal lobe. Multivariate pattern classification analyses indicate that even within the regions of blood oxygenation level-dependent response overlap, speech and music elicit distinguishable patterns of activation. Regions involved in processing hierarchical aspects of sentence perception were identified by contrasting sentences with scrambled sentences, revealing a bilateral temporal lobe network. Music perception showed no overlap whatsoever with this network. Broca's area was not robustly activated by any stimulus type. Overall, these findings suggest that basic hierarchical processing for music and speech recruits distinct cortical networks, neither of which involves Broca's area. We suggest that previous claims are based on data from tasks that tap higher-order cognitive processes, such as working memory and/or cognitive control, which can operate in both speech and music domains.
Florida Reconstruction Impeachments (1957)

The impeachment of Governor Harrison Reed not only contributes an interesting chapter to the history of Reconstruction but it also offers a number of novel precedents to the history of American impeachments. Throughout his gubernatorial term (1868-1872), Reed fought a consistent and courageous struggle against carpetbag politicians in Florida. I know of no other state or national civil officer against whom the impeachment remedy was so frequently attempted. On four occasions, he was threatened with legislative removal. Twice the lower house passed impeachment resolutions. Finally, in the last year of his term, his enemies voted a bona fide and legal impeachment against him; reported it to the senate in due form; suspended him from office; and, after all these apparent indices of triumph, they had to return him to power on account of an unusual and embarrassing political situation.
A simplified Genetic Algorithm for online tuning of PID controller in LabView (2009)

This paper presents a simplified genetic algorithm approach for the tuning of PID controllers. A new approach which greatly reduces the computational requirement for implementing the various steps in genetic algorithm (crossover and mutation) is presented. The algorithm was used for the online tuning of the controller in a temperature regulating system. The results show that the approach was successful in improving parameters such as rise time and ISE.
Global water and energy losses from consumer avoidable food waste (2021)

Food products require significant amounts of energy and water throughout their lifecycle, yet humanity wastes 1.3e9 tons of food on a yearly basis. A large part of this waste occurs during the consumption (post-retail) phase of the food system as avoidable food waste, the discarded edible (parts of) food products. In this study, we explore the effects of avoidable food waste on the Food-Energy-Water nexus. We show that the 344 million tonnes of global avoidable food waste is responsible for squandering 4e18 J of energy and 82e9 m3 of water. While there are important regional differences in terms of avoidable food waste due to varying diets and waste incidences, these energy and water losses are rivaling the electricity and the blue water use of populous nations, and adding to needless pressures on the environment.
Biochemical characterization of the respiratory syncytial virus P–P and P–N protein complexes and localization of the P protein oligomerization domain (2004)

The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is composed of the large polymerase (L), the phosphoprotein (P), the nucleocapsid protein (N) and the co-factors M2-1 and M2-2. The P protein plays a central role within the replicase-transcriptase machinery, forming homo-oligomers and complexes with N and L. In order to study P-P and N-P complexes, and the role of P phosphorylation in these interactions, the human RSV P and N proteins were expressed in E. coli as His-tagged or GST-fusion proteins. The non-phosphorylated status of recombinant P protein was established by mass spectrometry. GST-P and GST-N fusion proteins were able to interact with RSV proteins extracted from infected cells in a GST pull-down assay. When co-expressed in bacteria, GST-P and His-P were co-purified by glutathione-Sepharose affinity, showing that the RSV P protein can form oligomers within bacteria. This result was confirmed by chemical cross-linking experiments and gel filtration studies. The P oligomerization domain was investigated by a GST pull-down assay using a series of P deletion constructs. This domain was mapped to a small region situated in the central part of P (aa 120-150), which localized in a computer-predicted coiled-coil domain. When co-expressed in bacteria, RSV N and P proteins formed a soluble complex that prevented non-specific binding of N to bacterial RNA. Therefore, RSV P protein phosphorylation is not required for the formation of P-P and N-P complexes, and P controls the RNA binding activity of N.
Technetium-99m-glucoheptonate as a brain-scanning agent: critical comparison with pertechnetate. (1976)

Delayed 99mTc-glucoheptonate and pertechnetate scans were evaluated in a paired study for their ability to detect brain lesions. Glucoheptonate was found to be superior in eight of 17 cases of brain tumor and in two of ten patients with cerebral infarction. In addition, early (30 min) 99mTc-glucoheptonate brain scans were compared with delayed studies: the former were inferior in 48% of the cases. We conclude that 99mTc-glucoheptonate is a promising agent for delayed brain scanning, offering better lesion detection than pertechnetate.
The Earliest Italian Keyboard Concertos (1986)

T he preeminent importance of C. P. E. Bach and other north German masters in the early development of the keyboard concerto has gone unchallenged since the appearance early in this century of pioneer studies by Hugo Daffner1 and Hans Uldall.2 The influence of their work, especially that of Uldall, is reflected by the large number of studies now available on keyboard concertos of north German composers,3 and by the emphasis given these works in research on mid-eighteenth-century concerto form.4 While the artistic merit and historical significance of the north German keyboard concerto cannot be denied, it is clear that much more still can be learned about the origins and early history of the genre by examining works of composers active in other regions. For just as recent research has demonstrated the importance of Italian music in shaping the style of the Mannheim symphonists,5 so an examination of the very little-known repertory of early Italian keyboard concertos can contribute to a better understanding of the historical position of the keyboard concertos of north German masters.
Whispers in the hyper-space: high-speed covert channel attacks in the cloud (2012)

Information security and privacy in general are major concerns that impede enterprise adaptation of shared or public cloud computing. Specifically, the concern of virtual machine (VM) physical co-residency stems from the threat that hostile tenants can leverage various forms of side channels (such as cache covert channels) to exfiltrate sensitive information of victims on the same physical system. However, on virtualized x86 systems, covert channel attacks have not yet proven to be practical, and thus the threat is widely considered a “potential risk”. In this paper, we present a novel covert channel attack that is capable of high-bandwidth and reliable data transmission in the cloud. We first study the application of existing cache channel techniques in a virtualized environment, and uncover their major insufficiency and difficulties. We then overcome these obstacles by (1) redesigning a pure timing-based data transmission scheme, and (2) exploiting the memory bus as a high-bandwidth covert channel medium. We further design and implement a robust communication protocol, and demonstrate realistic covert channel attacks on various virtualized x86 systems. Our experiments show that covert channels do pose serious threats to information security in the cloud. Finally, we discuss our insights on covert channel mitigation in virtualized environments. 1
AMR-WB+: A New Audio Coding Standard for 3rd Generation Mobile Audio Services (2008)

After an audio codec selection, 3GPP has standardized the AMR-WB+(Extended Adaptive Multi-Rate-Wideband) codec that has unique performance at 10～24 Kb/s. The requirements imposed by mobile audio services are discussed, and a technology overview of AMR-WB+ is addressed. AMR-WB+ can match these requirements while provides outstanding audio quality.
Revenue management: A real options approach (2004)

Abstract Revenue management is the process of actively managing inventory or capacity to maximize revenues. The active management typically occurs through managerial levers such as price, promotion, or availability. We present a novel real options approach to revenue management that is specifically suited to the car rental business. We illustrate the concept with actual car rental data. The model produces minimally acceptable prices and inventory release quantities (number of cars available for rent at a given price) as a function of remaining time and available inventory. The pricing and inventory release recommendations of the developed model confirm earlier empirical analysis that suggested current practises discount too deeply early in the booking cycle. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004
Nuclear DNA Amounts in Angiosperms and their Modern Uses—807 New Estimates (2000)

The DNA amount in the unreplicated haploid nucleus of an organism is known as its C-value. C-values differ about 1000-fold among angiosperms and are characteristic of taxa. The data are used in many biological fields, so they should be easily available. Values for 2802 angiosperm species (1%) were estimated during 1950–1997, and five collected lists of C-values were published for reference purposes during 1976–1997. Numbers of new angiosperm C-values published recently remained high, necessitating a further supplementary list. This paper lists DNA C-values for 807 angiosperm species from 70 original sources, including 520 (75.2%) from sources published after 1996, and 691 for species not included in any of the previous five lists. There is a continuing need to estimate accurate DNA C-values for plant taxa, as shown in a workshop on this biodiversity topic sponsored by Annals of Botany and held at Kew in 1997. Its key aim was to identify major gaps in our knowledge of plant DNA amounts and to recommend targets and priorities for new work to fill them. A target of estimating first C-values for the next 1% of angiosperm species in 5 years was set. The proportion of such C-values in the present work (85.6%) is very high; and the number being published (approx. 220 per annum) has never been exceeded. In 1997, C-values were still unknown for most (68%) families, so a target of complete coverage was set. This paper includes first C-values for 12 families, but as less than 2% of such values listed here targeted new families, the need to improve familial representation remains. Copyright 2000 Annals of Botany Company
A Comparison of the Radiolysis and Mass Spectrometry of Several Deuterated Ethanols (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Comparison of the Radiolysis and Mass Spectrometry of Several Deuterated EthanolsJohn G. Burr Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 3, 751–752Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01560a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01560a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fractional-Order Systems and -Controllers (1999)

Dynamic systems of an arbitrary real order (fractional- order systems) are considered. A concept of a fractional-order - controller, involving fractional-order integrator and fractional-order dif- ferentiator, is proposed. The Laplace transform formula for a new function of the Mittag-Leffler-type made it possible to obtain explicit analytical expressions for the unit-step and unit-impulse response of a linear fractional-order system with fractional-order controller both for the open and closed loop. An example demonstrating the use of the obtained formulas and the advantages of the proposed - controllers is given.
Increased Pulse and Blood Pressure Associated with (1992)

The cardiovascular effects of desipramine were assessed in 74 young women with bulimia nervosa participating in a 6-week double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Desipramine treatment was associated with significant increases in pulse, reclining systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and orthostatic hypotension. These effects were clearly evident in the first week of treatment and remained relatively unchanged during the subsequent 5 weeks. The mean increases in reclining systolic and diastolic pressures were approximately 10 mm Hg. Data from 16 patients treated for an additional 2 months indicated that most of the effects of desipramine on blood pressure diminished over time, whereas the effects on pulse persisted. These results differ from the commonly expected cardiovascular effects of tricyclic anti-depressants in adults. Evidence from the current study and from other reports suggests that the cardiovascular effects of tricyclic antidepressants are age-dependent.
HIV-related stress in dating relationships and its significance for developmental psychology of adolescence and emerging adulthood (2013)

While developmental psychological literature considers the threat of HIV as a health risk in dating relationships, little if any research has examined the psychological strain that the threat of HIV places on dating couples. This study aimed at investigating HIV-related dating stress. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from a sample of 204 students at the University of Botswana aged 18 to 21 years. Most participants were worried about the possibility of contracting HIV through their dating relationships. HIV-related stress derived from: engaging in a sexual relationship; doubts about their partner’s trustworthiness, honesty and fidelity; and an inability to communicate with their partner about HIV. Length of dating and sexual intercourse did not result in significant differences in the experience of stress. The results suggest that learning how to deal with the threat of HIV in relationships without compromising interpersonal trust and sexual health becomes a developmental challenge. The results indicate that the threat of HIV creates a cognitive and emotional dilemma, which makes young people prone to engaging in denial to maintain trust in their relationships. Knowledge about HIV-related dating stress and coping mechanisms can benefit psychological counselling and sexual health education for young people.

	 

	Key words: Adolescence, Botswana, dating relationships, developmental psychology, dyadic trust, emerging adulthood, health psychology, HIV and AIDS, stress and coping.
Acid Gas Permeation Behavior Through Poly(Ester Urethane Urea) Membrane (2008)

Permeation behavior of pure gases (CO2, N2, CH4) and ternary gas mixtures of CO2, CH4, and H2S through a poly(ester urethane urea) membrane was investigated at different pressures, temperatures, and feed compositions. Permeances of CO2, CH4, and H2S through the membrane were determined at temperatures of 35, 45, and 55 °C, and pressures of 10, 20, and 30 bar. Effects of temperature, pressure, and stage cut on the permeability of gases through the membrane were experimentally studied. Since the main objective of this study was to evaluate the aforesaid membrane for its ability to remove acid gas application, the measured selectivity of poly(ester urethane urea) in this study was compared with that of some other polymeric membranes at nearly the same operating conditions. Maximum selectivities of 43 and 16 were measured for H2S/CH4 and CO2/CH4, respectively. Average permeances of 95 and 45 GPU for H2S and CO2 were achieved, respectively.
(Invited) Energy Harvesting and Storage in 1D Devices (2018)

It is critically important to develop miniature energy storage and conversion devices in modern electronics, e.g., for portable and wearable electronic facilities. Here a novel family of energy storage and conversion devices as well as their integrated devices in 1D configuration are carefully discussed with unique and promising advantages such as lightweight and weaveable compared with the conventional planar architecture. For the energy conversion devices in 1D configuration, fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells, polymer solar cells and perovskite solar cells are covered. For the energy storage devices, fiber-shaped electrochemical capacitors, lithium ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium air batteries and zinc air batteries are carefully investigated. The main efforts will be made to highlight the recent advancement in the electrode material, device structure and property extension.
Family Response to Out–of–hospital Death (1995)

In this small sample, survivors of out-of-hospital death were generally satisfied with the care their loved ones had received. None of the survivors believed their loved ones should have been transported to the hospital. They also believed the paramedics had been supportive and met their needs at the time of death. It appears that paramedics may be able to meet the needs of a patient's survivors by terminating out-of-hospital resuscitation efforts on the patient.
Routing in general junctions (1989)

A junction is a union of channels. The L-, S-, T-, and X-shaped junction routing problems arise while generating a feasible routing order of channels for the building-block layout strategy. The authors present lower and upper bounds on the widths of the channels of general junctions. In addition to the trivial lower bounds provided by the channel densities, they establish nontrivial existential lower bounds by properly arranging nets which require excessive number (i.e. more than the density) of crossings at a set of chosen cuts. To establish the upper bounds the authors first develop a router for the L-junction, and then they show how to use this router for routing general junctions. For the two-terminal net L-, S-, T-, and X-junction routing problems, the authors' routers generate solutions matching the lower bounds; hence, they are optimal. For the three-terminal net case, their router generates solutions matching the existential lower bound for the L-junction. All lower bounds are valid for both the knock-knee and the Manhattan routing models, while the upper bounds are only valid for the knock-knee routing model. However, all the routing solutions are three-layer wireable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure of Csm2 elucidates the relationship between small subunits of CRISPR‐Cas effector complexes (2016)

Type I and type III CRISPR-Cas effector complexes share similar architecture and have homologous key subunits. However, the relationship between the so-called small subunits of these complexes remains a contentious issue. Here, it is shown that the recently solved structure of Thermotoga maritima Csm2 represents a dimer with the extensive structure swapping between monomers. Unswapping the structure generates a compact globular monomer which shares similar structure and surface properties with Cmr5, the small subunit of a related Cmr complex. Detailed analysis of available structures of small subunits reveals that they all have a common fold suggesting their common origin.
Dimensions of the Pediatric Crystalline Lens: Implications for Intraocular Lenses in Children (1996)

As surgeons gain more experience with the implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) into the capsular bag in children, the minimum age for which implantation is advised may continue to be lowered. Accurate sizing of an IOL intended for in-the-bag fixation may depend on knowledge of the size of the capsular bag. In order to develop a growth curve for the normal crystalline lens and hence the capsular bag, 50 pediatric autopsy eyes ranging in age from 1 day to 16 years were obtained postmortem and measured within 24 hours after enucleation. Mean crystalline lens diameter was 6.00 mm at birth, 6.80 mm at 2 months, 7.1 mm at 3 months, 7.66 mm at 6 to 9 months, 8.4 mm at 21 months, 8.5 mm at 2 to 5 years, and 9.3 mm at 16 years. The post-lensectomy capsular bag size at each respective age is 1 mm larger. While age was a predictor of crystalline lens size, corneal diameter and globe axial length were better predictors of crystalline lens size. These data and accompanying linear regressions may be helpful in designing appropriate IOLs for pediatric patients.