gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TUMOR ANGIOGENESIS (1972)

Walker ascites tumor cells and an extract derived from such cells (tumor angiogenesis factor, TAF) were injected into the subcutaneous tissue of rats by using a dorsal air sac technique. At intervals thereafter, thymidine-(3)H was injected into the air sac and the tissues were examined by autoradiography and electron microscopy. Autoradiographs of 1micro thick Epon sections showed thymidine-(3)H labeling in endothelial cells of small vessels 1-3 mm from the site of implantation, as early as 6-8 hr after exposure to live tumor cells At this time interval endothelial cells appeared histologically normal. DNA synthesis by endothelium subsequently increased and within 48 hr new blood vessel formation was detected. The presence of thymidine-(3)H-labeled endothelial nuclei, endothelial mitoses, and regenerating-type endothelium was confirmed by electron microscopy. TAF also induced neovascularization and endothelial cell DNA synthesis after 48 hr. A similar response was not evoked in saline controls. Formic acid, which elicited a more intense inflammatory response, was associated with less endothelial labeling and neovascularization at the times studied. Pericytes and other connective tissue cells were also stimulated by live tumor cells and TAF. The mechanism of new blood vessel formation induced by tumors is still unknown but our findings argue against cytoplasmic contact or nonspecific inflammation as prerequisites for tumor angiogenesis.
Evaluating Sandwich Immunoassays in Microarray Format in Terms of the Ambient Analyte Regime (2004)

In our experimental setup, all 24 sandwich microarray assays fulfill the criteria of the "ambient analyte" regime because depletion of analyte molecules from the assay volume is insignificant.
SUPERLIGHT ABLATIVE SYSTEMS FOR MARS LANDER THERMAL PROTECTION (1967)

New superlight ablators (SLA), composed of a silicone resin with cork, phenolic microballoon, silica microballoon, and refractory fiber fillers so that their densities range from 0.19 to 0.25 g/cm3, have been developed and optimized as thermal protection for a conical Mars lander. Their thermal and ablative properties are superior to those of conventional lowdensity charring ablators such as filled or foamed silicone, and filled epoxy or nylon-phenolic; the thermal conductivity of SLA being 40% lower and effective heat capacity being 50% higher on the average. Plasma arc testing in various atmospheres indicated that they are fairly insensitive to the chemical composition of the external boundary layer. Thermal testing in a high-pressure gas stream yielded no evidence of char erosion at dynamic pressures to 160 psf. Tensile testing established that they remain flexible to —150°F while their strength increases from 60 psi at 70°F to 180 psi at —150°F. Heat sterilization and prolonged exposure at 160°F in vacuum had no effect on their mechanical properties. A special SLA composition consisting of silicone resin and silica fillers, which was formulated to retain rf-transparency after ablation, had a transmission efficiency of better than 90% when tested in the charred condition over the frequency range of 8000 to 12,000 Me.
A Study on Evolutionary Algorithms to Reopen Organizations Safely During COVID-19 (2021)

The CoronaVirus (COVID-19) Pandemic has affected schools and universities world-wide. It has led the world to near-total closures of schools, colleges and universities. The step taken to contain the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has had adverse effects on school-going student’s literacy skills. It is the need of the time to find alternative solutions to get the schools and universities back on track. The paper discusses a theoretical approach on how we can harness the power of evolutionary algorithms to reopen schools and universities safely. The paper discusses the university timetabling problem (NP-Hard problem) to maintain social distancing and sanitization in the times of the spread of the CoronaVirus. It provides a possible use of Genetic Algorithm - a type of Evolutionary Algorithm - to resolve the issue of timetabling during the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19).
Bleomycin-induced increase of collagen turnover in IMR-90 fibroblasts: an in vitro model of connective tissue restructuring during lung fibrosis. (1982)

Late-log-phase IMR-90 human fetal lung fibroblasts were incubated with bleomycin sulfate for 48 hr. The culture medium was removed and replaced with serum-free medium and [5-3H]proline. The cells were then incubated for increasing time intervals. The cells and culture medium were collected, and radioactive proline incorporated into collagen and noncollagen protein was determined. Intracellular collagen synthesis was selectively increased. Furthermore, polysomes isolated from bleomycin-treated cells synthesized significantly more collagen in the wheat germ lysate than did control polysomes. Prolyl hydroxylase activity was also increased significantly in the bleomycin-treated cells. Free and peptide-bound radioactive hydroxyproline in the cells and medium was greatly increased in bleomycin-treated cells, which indicates increased collagen degradation. The results demonstrate that, although collagen synthesis in lung fibroblasts is increased by bleomycin, the newly synthesized collagen is rapidly degraded in both the cell layer and the medium. This increased collagen degradation may be responsible for the remodeling which takes place during lung fibrosis.
Failure accommodating aircraft control (2002)

Describes development and performance analysis of a failure accommodation system for the commuter and business aircraft control recovery. First, system failures are detected and isolated using a hierarchy of techniques that is chosen to ensure minimal disruption of operations and to minimize the number of false alarms. Successive layers in the diagnostics hierarchy are increasingly invasive. Once a failure has been detected and identified, the failure can be accommodated in several ways, from passive pilot cueing to active autopilot reconfiguration. An autopilot reconfiguration algorithm to accommodate failures wherever possible is developed. Some preliminary pilot cueing strategies and displays to alert pilots to true failures, provide guidance on recommended responses, and inform the pilot of any reconfigurations are also introduced.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors as a New Generation of Antiprotozoan Drugs: Exploiting the Benefit of Enzymes that are Highly Conserved Between Host and Parasite (2011)

Protozoan infections remain a major unsolved medical problem in many parts of our world. A major obstacle to their treatment is the blatant lack of medication that is affordable, effective, safe and easy to administer. For some of these diseases, including human sleeping sickness, very few compounds are available, many of them old and all of them fraught with toxic side effects. We explore a new concept for developing new-generation antiprotozoan drugs that are based on phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors. Such inhibitors are already used extensively in human pharmacology. Given the high degree of structural similarity between the human and the protozoan PDEs, the vast expertise available in the human field can now be applied to developing disease-specific PDE inhibitors as new antiprotozoan drugs.
Finite-element analysis and design of a radial-field brushless PM machine utilizing soft magnetic composites (2011)

Soft magnetic composites (SMC) are emerging in electrical machine design offering the potential for innovative machine geometries and lower cost manufacturing. This paper examines the design and analysis of a SMC-based radial-field fractional-slot concentrated-winding permanent magnet machine using 2D finite-element analysis. Its performance is compared with an existing conventionally-laminated, distributed-winding baseline design for two cases, firstly with the same active stack length and secondly with the same end-winding stack length.
Hypothermia reduces 72-kDa heat-shock protein induction in rat brain after transient forebrain ischemia. (1992)

These observations suggest that 72-kDa heat-shock protein induction is not the mechanism by which moderate hypothermia protects against ischemic cell damage.
DRAFT: a simple drafting program for X-Y plots (1983)

Participation in the survey was high and information-rich, between-group rating differences reflecting HP background. Participants endorsed the 14 intervention topics devised by the guideline panel and identified three additional topics.
Etude de la stabilité de suspensions colloïdales de dioxyde de titane synthétisées par hydrolyse d'orthotitanate de tétraéthyle (1997)

Doctorat en Sciences
Initial evaluation of commercial optical CT‐based 3D gel dosimeter (2003)

We evaluated the OCTOPUS-ONE research laser CT scanner developed and manufactured by MGS Research, Inc. (Madison, CT). The scanner is designed for imaging 3D optical density distributions in BANG gels. The scanner operates in a translate-rotate configuration with a single scanning laser beam. The rotating cylindrical gel phantom is immersed in a refractive index matching solution and positioned at the center of a square tank made of plastic and glass. A stationary polarized He-Ne laser beam (633 nm) is reflected from a mirror moving parallel to the tank wall and scans the gel. Another mirror moves synchronously along the opposite side of the tank and collects the transmitted light and sends it to a single stationary silicon photodetector. A filtered backprojection algorithm is used to reconstruct projection data in a plane. The laser-mirrors-detector assembly is mounted on a horizontal platform that moves vertically for slice selection. We have tested the mechanical and optical setup, projection centering on the axis of rotation, linearity, and spatial resolution. We found the optical detector to respond linearly to transmitted light from control samples. The spatial resolution of the scanner was determined by employing a split field resolution technique. We obtained the horizontal and vertical full widths at half maxima of the laser beam intensity profiles as 0.6 and 0.8 mm, respectively. Dose calibration tests of the gel were performed using a nine-field (2 x 2 cm2 each) dose pattern irradiated at different dose levels. Finally, we compared gel-derived 2D planar dose distribution against radiochromic film measured dose distribution for both the nine-field and a uniform 5 x 5 cm2 field of 6 MV x rays. Very similar dose distributions were observed in gel and radiochromic film except in regions of steep dose gradient and highest dose. A dose normalization of 15.6% was required between the two dosimeters due to differences in overall radiation response. After normalization, analysis using the gamma evaluation showed that the radiochromic film and gel-measured dose distributions differed by a maximum gamma of 1.3 using 5% and 1.5 mm dose difference and distance-to-agreement criteria. The optical CT scanner has great potential as a 3D dosimeter, but a few refinements and further testing are necessary before its routine clinical use.
Optimal finite element modelling and efficient reconstruction in non-linear 3D electrical resistance tomography (2001)

Electrical Impedance Tomography can provide images with well-defined characteristics using a fully non-linear reconstruction process when appropriate constraints are imposed on the solution to allow the ill-posed inverse problem to be solved. Using appropriate finite element discretizations for forward solution and inverse problem offers additional advantages in the image reconstruction process, such as (a) inclusion of prior knowledge, (b) generic model templating to adapt to, for example, individual head shapes, and (c) obtaining accurate results without unnecessary computational overhead. We have developed an efficient 3D non-linear reconstruction algorithm based on a regularized inverse conjugate gradient solver which incorporates (a) local image smoothness constraints, and (b) a number of optimisations which reduce the computing power required to obtain an accurate solution. We show results from applying this to various problems which arise in medical resistivity reconstruction given only surface potential measurements and demonstrate the importance of the FE discretization. Keywords: 3D non-linear electrical impedance tomography, FE template modelling, optimal finite element meshes, 3D visualization, FE discretization.
Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization−Oxidative Alkynylation of Allenoates (2010)

A gold(I)-catalyzed cascade cyclization-oxidative cross-coupling process has been applied to prepare β-alkynyl-γ-butenolides directly from allenoates and various terminal alkynes. Following an initial gold-catalyzed C-O bond forming allenoate cyclization, a mechanism based on a Au(I)/Au(III) redox cycle has been proposed with Selectfluor acting as the external oxidant.
[Presence of autocomplementary RNA with viral specificity in cells infected with herpes virus]. (1975)

RNA from cells infected with Herpes simplex virus contain a higher percentage of double-stranded RNA than non-infected cells. This percentage increases three-fold upon self-annealing. The complementary RNA sequences were shown to be virus-specific by the following criteria: (1) high melting temperature than double-stranded RNA from non infected cells; (2) higher density in caesium sulphate; (3) specific hybridization with viral DNA.
Landau cooling in metal–semiconductor nanostructures (2007)

An electron-cooling principle based on Landau quantization is proposed for nanoscale conductor systems. Operation relies on energy-selective electron tunneling into a two-dimensional electron gas in quantizing magnetic fields. This quantum refrigerator provides significant cooling power (~1 nW at a few K for realistic parameters) and offers a unique flexibility thanks to its tunability via the magnetic-field intensity. The available performance is only marginally affected by nonidealities such as disorder or imperfections in the semiconductor. Methods for the implementation of this system and its characterization are discussed.
EFFECTS OF FOLIAGE PLANTS ON THERMAL ENVIRONMENT AND COMFORT INSIDE ROOM : Experimental analysis in winter (1994)

In order to investigate the effects of foliage plants on the thermal environment and comfort inside a room, experiments were carried out in two rooms with the same size in winter. Foiiage plants used in the experiments were Schefflera arboricola "Hong Kong" and Dracaena fragrans "Massangeana". In our previous experiments, the former showed the highest transpiration rate and the latter showed little transpiration. The following three experiments were performed. In the experiment R, S. arboricola "Hong Kong" plants were placed in line at the southern end in one room and no plant was placed in the other room. In the experiment R, S. arboricola "Hong Kong" plants were placed in line at the southern end in one room and D. fragrans "Massangeana" plants were placed in line at the southern end in the other room. In the experiment (D, S. arboricola "Hong Kong" plants were placed in line at the southern end in one room and interspersed in the other room. In the experiment (D, S. arboricola "Hong Kong" in line at the southern end in the room brought about an increase in air temperature of about l.S°C and an increase in relative humidity of more than 20%. In the experiment c, relative humidity in the room with S. arboricola "Hong Kong" in line at the southern end was 20% higher than that with D. fragrans "Massangeana". This effect is considered to be caused by higher transpiration of S. arboricola "Hong Kong". In the experiment (D, S. arboricola "Hong Kong" interspersed in the room showed the same increase in relative humidity as S. arboricola "Hong Kong" in line at the southern end in the room. Furthermore, MRT and PMV was calculated from the measured data. The MRT showed some difference between the two rooms in the experiment c and the experiment (3), but there was little difference between the PMV of the two rooms in the three experiments.
ConnectionWatch (2008)

The current Internet offers a diverse set of applications for end-users (e.g., online gaming, IPTV, VoIP, VoD). These applications require a timely delivery of packets to avoid the deterioration of user-perceived performance. Slow web-browsing, momentarily drops of voice in Internet telephony and lagging remote connections are some of the most common problems that affect the usability of Internet services. Ideally, if applications had access to measurements that quantify network performance, they could dynamically adapt to network conditions and improve user satisfaction. Most importantly, when application service quality falls below expectations, online measurements help users understand who to blame and what to do to bypass the problem.
The Architecture of a Natural Language Generation System (2000)

A piece of software as complex as a complete natural language generation system is unlikely to be constructed as a monolithic program. In this chapter, we introduce a particular architecture for nlg systems, by which we mean a specification of how the different types of processing are distributed across a number of component modules. As part of this architectural specification, we discuss how these modules interact with each other and we describe the data structures that are passed between the modules.
HOME-BASED RESISTANCE TRAINING PROGRAM IMPROVES CLINICAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS AND SELF-EFFICACY IN PATIENTS WITH KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS (1999)

833 Exercise may be a beneficial treatment for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and has the potential to impact coexsisting conditions such as reduced strength and function. We hypothesized that a four month home-based progressive resistive training (PRT) intervention in people > 55 years with KOA would improve symptoms, strength, and self-efficacy. Subjects were randomly assigned to PRT or an attention control group (CON). PRT was performed 3 days per week, and consisted of lower body exercises utilizing body weight and progressive ankle weights. The CON group received nutrition education on eating by the food pyramid. All subjects received home visits bimonthly with the PRT group receiving four additional home visits in the first month. Thirty-six subjects completed the trial to date (PRT n=19, CON n=17). Clinical signs and symptoms of the disease, as assessed by the study physician blinded to treatment, improved by 36.2%±42.7% in PRT and only 11.6%±48.5% in CON (P=0.02). Self-reported pain improved by 38.5%±33.2% in PRT and 4.7%±46.1% in CON (P=0.008). Muscle strength in affected knee extensors improved by 95.0%±152.8% in PRT and 13.5%±47.0% in CON (P=0.001). Self-efficacy measured by 5 scales including lifting, stair climbing, walking, jogging and pushups, improved by 34.1%±67.7% in PRT and 2.0%±29.1% in CON (P=0.05). In addition, change in self-efficacy (stairs, walking, and lifting) was correlated with change in affected knee extension strength (r=0.364, P=0.03). In conclusion: 1) PRT reduces pain and improves clinical symptoms in patients with KOA; 2) The improvements in the clinical signs and symptoms of the disease may be mediated via improvement in muscle strength and self-efficacy. Supported by Arthritis Foundation, Farnsworth Trust, American Federation for Aging Research, Life Fitness Academy, and USDA-53-3K06-5-10
Electroluminescent devices from ionic transition metal complexes (2007)

Organic electroluminescent devices are currently under development for display and lighting applications due to their high efficiency, ease of fabrication and facile color tunability. Within the class of organic electroluminescent materials, ionic transition metal complexes (iTMCs) are receiving increased attention as materials capable of yielding efficient light-emitting devices with air-stable electrodes, iTMCs can support all three processes of charge injection, charge transport, and emissive recombination, enabling the fabrication of efficient, single-layer devices. When paired with an appropriate counterion, iTMCs are mixed conductors, possessing significant ionic conductivity in addition to electronic conductivity. As a result, the operational characteristics of iTMC devices are dictated by the redistribution of ionic charge, which serves to assist electronic charge injection. This interplay between ionic and electronic conductivity in iTMC devices offers rich physics and unique device opportunities. 
This dissertation describes my efforts with iTMC devices to understand the underlying physics, improve efficiency, extend the range of available colors, ascertain modes of degradation, and invent practical architectures for display and lighting applications. Concerning device physics, I have used electric force microscopy to measure the in situ electric field profile across an iTMC device and discerned its operation to conform to an electrodynamic model of operation. I have investigated the temperature-dependence of the current, radiant flux, external quantum efficiency and photoluminescence efficiency of iTMC devices and thin films, extracting data regarding charge injection, charge transport and light emission in these materials and devices. In achieving novel colors of electroluminescence in iTMCs, I have demonstrated efficient yellow and green devices with ionic iridium complexes with power efficiencies as high as 10 lumens per electrical Watt. By use of in situ Raman spectroscopy, I have confirmed the formation of oxo-bridged dimers during iTMC device operation to be a significant source of device failure, understanding that could lead to improved device lifetime. Finally, I have fabricated monolithic, scalable lighting panels from iTMC devices that show intrinsic fault tolerance and direct 120 volt, 60 hertz operation.
High-speed Imaging Study of Excimer Laser Ablation of Bone. (1994)

The dynamics of ablation of pig femurs by a KrF excimer laser (248 nm, FWHM 15 ns) was studied using a framing camera with pulsed illumination. A shock wave expanded hemispherically above the exposed surface of the bone. Its velocity was supersonic and increased as fluence increased. Materials began to leave the surface following the shock wave. The obtained photographs indicate that the shock wave and the material removal occur after the end of the laser pulse.
Molecular Etiology of Glioblastomas: Implication of Genomic Profiling From the Cancer Genome Atlas Project (2011)

Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumor, with dismal prognosis. The incidence of this tumor is fairly low, with 2-3 cases per 100,000 people in Europe and North America. Despite its rarity, overall mortality related to glioblastoma is comparable to the more prevalent tumors 5 . This is, in large part, due to the near uniform fatality of the afflicted patients. Indeed, glioblastoma is one of the most aggressive of the malignant tumors. Without treatment, the median survival is approximately 3 months 6 . The current standard of treatment involves maximal surgical resection followed by concurrent radiation therapy and www.intechopen.com Glioma -Exploring Its Biology and Practical Relevance 26 chemotherapy with the DNA alkylating agent, temozolomide 7 . With this regimen, the median survival is approximately 14 months. For nearly all affected, the treatments available remain palliative. Studies carried out over the past three decades suggest that glioblastomas, like other cancers, arise secondary to the accumulation of genetic alterations. These alterations can take the form of epigenetic modifications, point mutations, translocations, amplifications, or deletions, and modify gene function in ways that deregulate cellular signaling pathways leading to the cancer phenotype 1 . The exact number and nature of genetic alterations and deregulated signaling pathways required for tumorogenesis remains an issue of debate 8 , although it is now clear that CNS carcinogenesis requires multiple disruptions to the normal cellular circuitry