gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of new serum autoantibodies in neuromyelitis optica using protein microarrays (2006)

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) or Devic’s disease is a severe demyelinating disease of the CNS affecting primarily optic nerves and spinal cord, secondary to a B-cell- and Ab-mediated autoimmune condition.1 This concept was recently bolstered by the demonstration of disease-specific NMO-Abs,2 and the apparent beneficial effect of B-cell depletion.3 Here, we used a protein microarray approach to profile the Ag reactivity of serum IgG from NMO patients.

Sera from five patients fulfilling NMO criteria (Cases 2 through 6 described elsewhere3) and five healthy controls were tested. Because patients experienced relapses and progressive clinical impairment despite therapy, they received rituximab as an off-label, innovative treatment.3

A 20-year-old woman with NMO associated with a high relapse rate (19 relapses within the last 6 years) was blind, wheelchair bound, and had a mid-thoracic sensory level and urinary and stool incontinence. Following treatment with rituximab, she experienced improved strength and sensation in her legs. She had an attack of myelitis approximately 1 month after her first course of rituximab from which she recovered spontaneously without additional treatment. At 1 year follow up, her vision remained impaired but she recovered full strength in her legs, normal …
Effect of hypoxic episode number and severity on ventilatory long-term facilitation in awake rats (2002)

Episodic hypoxia induces a persistent augmentation of respiratory activity, termed long-term facilitation (LTF). Phrenic LTF saturates in anesthetized animals such that additional episodes of stimulation cause no further increase in LTF magnitude. The present study tested the hypothesis that 1) ventilatory LTF also saturates in awake rats and 2) more severe hypoxia and hypoxic episodes increase the effectiveness of eliciting ventilatory LTF. Minute ventilation was measured in awake, male Sprague-Dawley rats by plethysmography. LTF was elicited by five episodes of 10% O(2) poikilocapnic hypoxia (magnitude: 17.3 +/- 2.8% above baseline, between 15 and 45 min posthypoxia, duration: 45 min) but not 12 or 8% O(2). LTF was also elicited by 10, 20, and 72 episodes of 12% O(2) (19.1 +/- 2.2, 18.9 +/- 1.8, and 19.8 +/- 1.6%; 45, 60, and 75 min, respectively) but not by three or five episodes. These results show that there is a certain range of hypoxia that induces ventilatory LTF and that additional hypoxic episodes may increase the duration but not the magnitude of this response.
Room‐Temperature Synthesis of Aragonite Crystals at an Expanding Liquid–Liquid Interface in a Radial Hele–Shaw Cell (2003)

Large quantities of extremely fine aragonite needles (see Figure, top image) have been synthesized at room temperature at an expanding liquid–liquid interface in a radial Hele–Shaw cell. By simple variation of the experimental conditions, hollow, cylindrical aragonite/calcite crystals (see Figure, bottom image) may also be obtained. It is believed that this method can be extended to other materials and nanostructures.
Beneficial effect of liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide in experimental septicemia in a porcine model (1991)

In a porcine model of pneumococcal septicemia, animals were pretreated with 1 mg of liposome-encapsulated muramyl tripeptide phosphatidylethanolamine (MTP-PE) or with liposomes alone. After 24 h each animal received an injection of either 10(9) or 10(10) pneumococcal serotype 6B cells. MTP-PE pretreatment resulted in less pronounced leukocytopenia, with a nadir of 6,700 (versus 4,100) leukocytes per mm3 after injection of 10(9) bacteria and a nadir of 4,400 (versus 3,800) leukocytes per mm3 after injection of 10(10) bacteria. At the same time bacterial clearance was substantially improved by MTP-PE pretreatment. Finally, pretreatment with MTP-PE dramatically reduced mortality; the average death rates for both series of animals used were 55% for liposome-pretreated animals and 3% for animals pretreated with MTP-PE-containing liposomes. These results in a preclinical model suggest that treatment with MTP-PE-containing liposomes might be beneficial in controlling septicemia in patients at risk.
Nanocrystalline TiN Derived by a Two-Step Halide Approach for Electrochemical Capacitors (2006)

Titanium nitride (TiN) nanocrystallites exhibiting high specific surface area (∼128 m 2 /g) for electrochemical capacitor application were obtained by a two-step halide approach comprised of a room-temperature TiCl 4 (1)-NH 3 (g) reaction followed by heat-treatment under NH 3 atmosphere. The synthesized nitride powders were agglomerates containing spherical crystallites ∼ 10 nm in diam and exhibit a specific surface area ranging from 128 to 23 m 2 /g depending on the heat-treatment temperature. The specific capacitance evaluated by cyclic voltammetry in 1 M KOH electrolyte ranged from 238 to 24 F/g depending on the heat-treatment temperature and the scan rates employed. Structural characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction, helium pycnometry, N 2 adsorption for specific surface area measurements using the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Results of these studies are presented and discussed.
Monosynaptic projections from the nucleus tractus solitarii to C1 adrenergic neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla: Comparison with input from the caudal ventrolateral medulla (1996)

The rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVL) contains reticulospinal adrenergic (C1) neurons that are thought to be sympathoexcitatory and that form the medullary efferent limb of the baroreceptor reflex pathway. The RVL receives direct projections from two important autonomic regions, the caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVL) and the nucleus tractus solitarii with immunocytochemical identification of C1 adrenergic neurons in the RVL to compare the morphology of afferent input from these two autonomic regions into the RVL. NTS (n = 203) and CVL (n = 380) efferent terminals had similar morphology and vesicular content, but CVL efferent terminals were slightly larger than NTS efferent terminals. Overall, efferent terminals from either region were equally likely to contact adrenergic neurons in the RVL (21% for NTS, 25% for CVL). Although efferents from both regions formed both symmetric and asymmetric synapses, NTS efferent terminals were statistically more likely to form asymmetric synapses than CVL efferent terminals. CVL efferent terminals were more likely to contact adrenergic somata than were NTS efferents, which usually contacted dendrites. These findings 1) support the hypothesis that a portion of NTS efferents to the RVL may be involved in sympathoexcitatory, e.g., chemoreceptor, reflexes (via asymmetric synapses), whereas those from the CVL mediate sympathoinhibition (via symmetric synapses); and 2) provide an anatomical substrate for differential postsynaptic modulation of C1 neurons by projections from the NTS and CVL. With their more frequent somatic localization, CVL inhibitory inputs may be more influential than excitatory NTS inputs in determining the discharge of RVL neurons.
Organophosphorus Compounds. VII.<sup>1a</sup> Alkyl- and Arylphos-phorodihalidothioates Containing Fluorine (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganophosphorus Compounds. VII.1a Alkyl- and Arylphos-phorodihalidothioates Containing FluorineG. A. OLAH and A. A. OSWALDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 4, 603–606Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01074a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (469 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ectodermal<i>Wnt3/β-catenin</i>signaling is required for the establishment and maintenance of the apical ectodermal ridge (2003)

The formation of the apical ectodermal ridge (AER) is critical for the distal outgrowth and patterning of the vertebrate limb. Recent work in the chick has demonstrated that interplay between the Wnt and Fgf signaling pathways is essential in the limb mesenchyme and ectoderm in the establishment and perhaps the maintenance of the AER. In the mouse, whereas a role for Fgfs for AER establishment and function has been clearly demonstrated, the role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, although known to be important, is obscure. In this study, we demonstrate that Wnt3 , which is expressed ubiquitously throughout the limb ectoderm, is essential for normal limb development and plays a critical role in the establishment of the AER. We also show that the conditional removal of β-catenin in the ventral ectodermal cells is sufficient to elicit the mutant limb phenotype. In addition, removing β-catenin after the induction of the ridge results in the disappearance of the AER, demonstrating the requirement for continued β-catenin signaling for the maintenance of this structure. Finally, we demonstrate that Wnt/β-catenin signaling lies upstream of the Bmp signaling pathway in establishment of the AER and regulation of the dorsoventral polarity of the limb.
Biomorphic Systems and Biomorphic Missions (2000)

A viewgraph presentation (with an explanation for each slide) gives an overview of biomorphic systems and missions. Biomorphic explorers are classified, and the challenge to obtain a biomorphic robot is described. Characteristics of biomorphic explorers are described, and biomorphic missions are discussed.
High Rate Deep Si Etching using Capacitively Coupled Plasma (2010)

High rate deep Si etching using SF6/O2 gas chemistry by Magnetically-Enhanced Reactive Ion Etch (MERIE) system using a Dipole-Ring Magnet (DRM) is studied. It is capable of etching holes 40 μm in diameter in a Si substrate at etch rates as high as 50 μm/min. It was found that the Si etch reaction is dominated by the density of fluorine radicals, which is realized at high frequency and pressure. In holes with higher aspect ratios, it was found that the Si etch rate at the bottom of holes is determined not only by the supply of fluorine radicals, but is also influenced by an etch-inhibiting effect related to the sidewall of the hole. Using an 8 μm square mask, holes with straight sidewalls were etched to a depth of 60 μm at an etch rate of 24 μm/min.
Etude de la polymerisation induite par plasma froid : interface plasma-polymere, greffage, degradation et modification chimique (1987)

Etude de monomeres liquides ou solides sous l'action des plasmas froids. Influence des parametres du plasma sur la vitesse de polymerisation et la structure chimique de la surface du polymere. Aux interfaces entre le plasma et le polymere, se produisent des reactions qui ont pour origine deux transferts d'energie du plasma. Le transfert indirect, attribue aux rayonnements uv-visible, provoque la polymerisation des acrylates. Le transfert direct, du au bombarbement par des especes metastables, radicaux, ions. . . Sur la surface du polymere, amorce des reactions de modification d'addition ou de terminaison
Efficacy and tolerance of infliximab in refractory Takayasu arteritis: French multicentre study (2012)

This study confirms the interest of infliximab in terms of clinical and biological response, as well as the steroid-sparing effect in TA.
Lasing characteristics of ultimate small photonic crystal point-shift nanolaser (2005)

Lasing characteristics of photonic crystal nanolaser consisting of lattice point shifts were investigated. The experiment and FDTD calculation suggested that the lasing mode of the device had the ultimate small modal volume close to (lambda/2n) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup>
Semi-analytical model of self-amplified spontaneous-emission free-electron lasers, including diffraction and pulse-propagation effects (2004)

We use the high-gain free-electron laser logistic equation to describe the field evolution from spontaneous emission to saturation in the self-amplified spontaneous-emission regime. The model we present is capable of including the effects of diffraction, beam qualities, and pulse propagation.
Further passivity results for the attitude control problem (1998)

In this paper we establish passivity for the system which describes the attitude motion of a rigid body in terms of minimal three-dimensional kinematic parameters. In particular, we show that linear asymptotically stabilizing controllers and control laws without angular velocity measurements follow naturally from these passivity properties. The results of this paper extend similar results for the case of the (nonminimal) Euler parameters.
DEVELOPING AND TESTING OF A NEW STEEL FOR RAILROAD WHEELS (1979)

The improved properties of a new alloy for railroad wheels are reported. A table of various compositions and test results of 14 alloyed steels is supplied. These new alloys are being used for both locomotives and passenger cars.
The Trueblood Report (2012)

This chapter explains how the early chapters of the Report of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (A.I.C.P.A.) Study Group on the Objectives of Financial Statements make a number of admirable contributions. The Statement should report data that require minimal judgment and interpretation by the preparer. Despite the profound conceptual difference between a stream of changes in present value and a stream of cash flows, the report attempts to equate them under the rubric of earning power. When he recognizes that earnings is by the report's own definition an accountant's estimate of the change in present value of the enterprise's future cash flows, he is likely to begin paying far more attention to the Statement of Financial Activities and far less to the Statement of Earnings.
Indeterminate fine-needle aspiration of the breast (1997)

When faced with inconclusive diagnoses of FNAs of breast masses, the authors believe that image analysis may be used as an aid in the further classification of such lesions, thereby providing a more appropriate triage for surgical biopsy.
Plant Growth Responses of Apple and Pear Trees to Doses of Glyphosate (2016)

ABSTRACT Glyphosate is commonly used for intra-row weed management in perennial plantations, where unintended crop exposure to this herbicide can cause growth reduction. The objective of this research was to analyze the initial plant growth behavior of young apple and pear plants exposed to glyphosate. Glyphosate was sprayed on 2-year-old 'Gala' apple and 'Abbè Fetel' pear plants at doses from 18 to 720 g per hectare of acid equivalent (a.e.). The plant height of neither species was not significantly reduced (less than 1%) by any glyphosate dose at 240 days after spraying, whereas the stem diameter and the dry mass of stem and leaves were reduced by 720 g a.e. ha-1. The glyphosate dose required to reduce the aboveground dry mass by 50% was 162 and 148 g a.e. ha-1 for apple and pear, respectively. Aboveground dry mass was reduced 2% and 6% for apple and pear plants, respectively, at 720 g a.e. ha-1. Hormesis was not observed in either species at doses down to 18 g a.e. ha-1. Both species showed low susceptibility to glyphosate; however apple was less susceptible than pear.
Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation Is Controlled by Forkhead Box M1 (2011)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating disease, and no effective treatments are available. Hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery remodeling, including smooth muscle cell proliferation, contributes to PAH, but the exact mechanisms underlying this abnormal process are largely undefined. The forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor regulates cancer cell growth by modulating gene expression critical for cell cycle progression. Here, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a novel function of FoxM1 in the hypoxia-stimulated proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). Exposure to hypoxia caused a marked up-regulation of FoxM1 gene expression, mainly at the transcription level, and this induction correlated with HPASMC cell proliferation. The knockdown of FoxM1 inhibited the hypoxia-stimulated proliferation of HPASMCs. We found that the knockdown of HIF-2α, but not HIF-1α, diminished FoxM1 induction in response to hypoxia. However, the knockdown of FoxM1 did not alter expression levels of HIF-2α or HIF-1α, suggesting that HIF-2α is an upstream regulator of FoxM1. Furthermore, the knockdown of FoxM1 prevented the hypoxia-induced expression of aurora A kinase and cyclin D1. Collectively, our results suggest that hypoxia induces FoxM1 gene expression in an HIF-2α-dependent pathway, thereby promoting HPASMC proliferation.
Opto-acoustical sensor to examine the structural integrity of complex systems (2003)

In this report we present the results of the analysis and experimental study of defect detection with Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV). The Non-Destructive Inspection (NDI) procedure is based on the vibrational mode evaluation for a test-object with specified defect parameters. To evaluate the procedure a clamped aluminum drum with radius R was selected as the test-object. The introduced defect was a thickness loss of 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% at the central part of the drum. The data from computational examination, based on finite element analysis, are compared with experimental data. Additionally, we present data from interrogation of a multilayer (carbon composite) element with preset defects in a specific layer and examples of corrosion detection. The experiments show that the proposed technique enables reliable defect detection, location, and quantification.
M.O.S. bucket-brigade AND–OR logic array (1973)

An integrated m.o.s. bucket-brigade logic array capable of performing both AND and OR functions is described. The operation of the array is discussed and experimental results are presented.
Nouveaux hybrides intersubgénériques de Dysmictocarabus solieri Dejean [Col. Carabidae] (1980)

Malausa Jean-Claude, Drescher Jean, Armand Jean. Nouveaux hybrides intersubgénériques de Dysmictocarabus solieri Dejean [Col. Carabidae]. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 85 (5-6), Mai-juin 1980. pp. 134-139.
Divergent Trophoblast Responses to Bacterial Products Mediated by TLRs (2004)

Intrauterine infections have been associated with pregnancy complications that are also linked with increased trophoblast apoptosis. TLRs are key components of the innate immune system which recognize conserved sequences on the surface of pathogens and trigger effector cell functions. We hypothesize that intrauterine infections may cause the excessive trophoblast cell apoptosis observed in abnormal pregnancies and that TLR may provide a mechanism of pathogenesis. In this study we describe the expression and function of TLR-2 and TLR-4 in first trimester trophoblast cells. Although ligation of TLR4 induced cytokine production by trophoblast cells, TLR-2 activation induced apoptosis. TLR-2 mediated apoptosis was dependent upon the Fas-associated death domain, the inactivation of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, and the activation of caspases 8, 9, and 3. These results suggest that certain intrauterine infections may directly induce trophoblast cell death through TLR-2. Our findings provide a novel mechanism of pathogenesis for certain pregnancy complications in which there is engagement of the innate immune system.
Carbon-Oxygen Log Applications in Complex Reservoir Evaluation by Neutron Interactions from (D,t)accelerators (1983)

Granite Wash reservoirs in Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado and New Mexico have proven to be effective commercial producers of hydrocarbons. Substantial drilling activity continues to penetrate this formation either as a primary or secondary objective. A new technique to provide additional lithologic data to engineers and geologists will yield significant benefits in the evaluation and treatment of these reservoirs. This information can be obtained by data available from spectrum analysis through the use of tools such as the Carbon/Oxygen Log, Spectralog and NGS.
Stability of Metal Chelates. V. N,N-Dihydroxyethylglycine (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStability of Metal Chelates. V. N,N-DihydroxyethylglycineS. Chaberek Jr., R. C. Courtney, and A. E. MartellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 9, 2185–2190Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01105a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01105a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sparse Gaussian mixture detection: Low complexity, high performance tests via quantization (2017)

We study the problem of testing between a sparse signal in noise, modeled as a mixture distribution, versus pure noise, with a Gaussian signal and noise of same variance, but differing means as the mixture proportion tends to zero. We construct a simple new adaptive test based on quantizing data with sample size-dependent quantizers and prove its consistency. The proposed test has almost linear time complexity and sublinear space complexity, which is better than existing tests, and in particular, the celebrated Higher Criticism test. Moreover, our numerical results show that the proposed test is competitive with commonly used tests even with a small number of quantizer levels.