gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction of Acute Dissecting Aneurysm of Aorta with Valvular Insufficiency (1963)

DISSECTING ANEURYSM is a serious condition proving fatal in more than 75% of cases. The more common subacute or chronic types beginning in the descending thoracic aorta have been managed satisfactorily by resection and graft replacement for nearly a decade.<sup>1</sup>Recent reports have described elective repair for the more extensive type of dissecting aneurysm beginning just above the aortic valve in a few fortunate patients surviving weeks or months after the onset of the dissecting process.<sup>1-6</sup>The purpose of this report is to describe complete correction of this condition in its acute form and to illustrate the problem and its successful emergency treatment by a case report. The process begins with a transverse tear, often circumferential, in the intimal and medial layers of the aorta just above the aortic valve (Fig 1). Through this tear the force of blood dissects the aortic wall, creating a false lumen.
Follicle-stimulating hormone is secreted more irregularly than luteinizing hormone in both humans and sheep. (1998)

Recently introduced statistical tools capable of discerning differences between the pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and that of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) could be valuable in understanding ovulation and menopause, and ultimately in making diagnostic decisions and treating infertility and polycystic ovary syndrome. We assessed the validity and scope of the hypothesis that FSH is secreted more irregularly than LH in ewes and fertile women. We compared secretory irregularity of LH to that of FSH in both ovariectomized ewes (n = 7) and women of proven fertility (n = 5) during the follicular and luteal phases of their reproductive cycles. In each sheep, time series from both hypophyseal portal blood (HPB) and peripheral blood were evaluated in 72 samples obtained every 5 min; in each human, both luteal and follicular periods were studied in 192 samples obtained every 7.5 min. To quantify serial irregularity, we used approximate entropy (ApEn), a scale- and model-independent statistic. FSH secretion was consistently more irregular than that of LH in each subject. For sheep HPB, ApEn(FSH) = 1.415+/-0.097 was larger than ApEn(LH) = 0. 822+/-0.213, P < 0.0001 (mean+/-SD, paired t test). This difference persisted peripherally: ApEn(FSHper) = 1.431+/-0.101 > ApEn(LHper) = 1.252+/-0.086, P = 0.024. In women, ApEn(FSH) = 1.467+/-0.217 > ApEn(LH) = 0.923+/- 0.305, P < 0.0001. ApEn(FSH) > ApEn(LH) in 100% of women (peripheral) and sheep HPB. Secretion during the follicular phase was more irregular than during the luteal phase for both FSH and LH (P < 0.01). LH mean level secretion showed a wake/sleep difference in women, P < 0.005, with higher values awake. The consistency and statistical significance of these findings suggest that this LH/FSH difference may be broadly based within higher mammals. Ranges of normative and abnormal regularity values of LH, FSH, and their difference can be used in a number of settings, both (currently) research and (potentially ultimately) clinical milieus.
Plant-sugar, glycogen, and lipid assay of Aedes aegypti collected in urban Puerto Rico and rural Florida (1994)

Between 50 and 75% of male and female Cedes aegypti collected at a rural tire dump near Vero Beach, FL, in March 1992, and males collected inside inhabited houses in San Juan, PR, in October 1991 and January 1992, were fructose positive. In contrast, only 5 of 231 females in the San Juan collections contained fructose. Gravid females in January 1992 contained 3 times more lipid than those in October 1991
Halo formation and chaos in space-charge-dominated beams (2002)

Summary form only given. Halo formation is an important issue in the design of advanced high-current, high-power particle accelerators in wide applications such as high-energy physics research, tritium production, and heavy ion fusion as well as in the development of advanced radiation sources and high-power, high-resolution radar. In this paper, the mechanisms of halo formation and chaotic particle motion are explored for space-charge-dominated beams propagating through a linear, periodic focusing channel provided by a periodic solenoidal magnetic field. For root-mean-squared (RMS) matched beams with nonuniform density profiles, it is shown in a test-particle model that nonlinearities in the self field forces not only can result in chaotic particle motion but also can cause a halo to develop. The size of the halo is found to be bounded by a Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) surface. The Liapunov exponents are calculated. For RMS mismatched beams, it is confirmed in the computer simulations that, for beams mismatched into the periodic focusing channel, the beam envelope exhibits nonlinear resonances and chaotic behavior, as predicted by the previous analysis of the beam envelope equation. As a result of emittance growth, transient effects are observed in the RMS beam dynamics, and halos can develop. The halo characteristics for a periodic focusing channel are found to be qualitatively the same as those for a uniform focusing channel. A threshold condition is obtained numerically for halo formation for mismatched beams in the uniform focusing approximation.
Analysis of <i>Arabidopsis</i> mutants deficient in flavonoid biosynthesis (1995)

Eleven loci that play a role in the synthesis of flavonoids in Arabidopsis are described. Mutations at these loci, collectively named transparent testa (tt), disrupt the synthesis of brown pigments in the seed coat (testa). Several of these loci (tt3, tt4, tt5 and ttg) are also required for the accumulation of purple anthocyanins in leaves and stems and one locus (ttg) plays additional roles in trichome and root hair development. Specific functions were previously assigned to tt1-7 and ttg. Here, the results of additional genetic, biochemical and molecular analyses of these mutants are described. Genetic map positions were determined for tt8, tt9 and tt10. Thin-layer chromatography identified tissue- and locus-specific differences in the flavonols and anthocyanidins synthesized by mutant and wild-type plants. It was found that UV light reveals distinct differences in the floral tissues of tt3, tt4, tt5, tt6 and ttg, even though these tissues are indistinguishable under visible light. Evidence was also uncovered that tt8 and ttg specifically affect dihydroflavonol reductase gene expression. A summary of these and previously published results are incorporated into an overview of the genetics of flavonoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.
Letter: Charles S. Owen to Ida M. Tarbell, February 4, 1932 (1932)

Letter with published article, on file, Its Up to the Women, Ladies Home Journal March 1932
Mapping Heart Dynamics by using Nonlinear Indicators (2007)

A novel approach for the nonlinear characterization of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals has been developed. The new developed methodology is based on a numerical algorithm that extracts the value of dinfinity (d-infinite) characterizing the asymptotic chaotic behavior of a system. This algorithm also extracts a measure of the maximum Lyapunov exponent and it is applicable to time series where the knowledge of the system structure and laws is not necessary. In order to prove the significance of the extracted parameters, the presented algorithm was applied on a statistically significant number of ECG signals taken from the MIT-BIH database and including normal subjects and subjects affected by arrhythmia and ventricular arrhythmia. A systematic study, analyzing how dinfinity varies with initial condition was performed showing the sensitivity of such parameter to the initial conditions. Furthermore, two maps, one presenting the maximum Lyapunov exponent and the other the dinfinity versus a control parameter II, as a measure of the rate variation, were drawn using the parameters extracted by the experimental data. They clearly show three distinguishable zones where the normal subjects and the subjects affected by the two different pathologies can be mapped and discriminated. Concluding, the newly presented algorithm, thanks to its implementation features and its effectiveness, it lends itself to future real-time implementation for clinical application in the early diagnosis of cardiac pathologies.
Polymerase Chain Reaction–Based Assay for Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of HIV-1 Reveals a Population of Nonneutralized Virus Undetected by Conventional p24 Assay (2000)

To be successful with strategies involving passive immunization or the generation of neutralizing antibodies against HIV, it is crucial that we improve our understanding of the process of antibody-mediated HIV neutralization. We have used a neutralization assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that is more rapid and sensitive than the conventional p24 neutralization assay based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). PCR assays permit measurement of the number of infectious events and can detect small amounts of HIV-1 only a few days postinfection. In these studies, the human anti-V3 monoclonal antibody 694/98-D was used to neutralize the infectivity of the laboratory isolate HIVIIIB for CEM-SS cells. 8E5/LAV cells, which contain a single integrated copy of proviral DNA per cell, served as a standard to determine the amount of HIV-1 copies in infected CEM-SS cells. Evaluation of antibody-mediated neutralization was possible at 2 to 3 days postinfection, at a time when p24 readouts were not conclusive. We achieved >95% neutralization of HIVIIIB, and of its molecular clone HXB2, using the monoclonal antibody 694/98-D. This degree of neutralization is probably highly significant in vivo. Nevertheless, a small amount of both HIVIIIB and HXB2 ( approximately 5%) escapes neutralization and can consistently be detected after a few days by this sensitive assay. Experiments with different anti-HIV monoclonal antibodies and viruses showed that the assay could be applied to anti-V3 as well as anti-CD4 binding domain antibodies as well as HIV laboratory strains or primary isolates.
PIV Investigation of the Flow Maldistribution in a Multi-Channel Cold Plate Subject to Inlet Locations (2007)

This study experimentally examines the influence of the inlet locations on the flow distributions of the multi-channel cold plate by means of particle image velocimetry (PIV). Flow visualization for a total of five inlet configurations (namely, U-, I-, J-, L-, and Z-arrangements) are reported in this study. For the U-arrangement, a higher inlet flow rate of the cold plate shows more pronounced maldistribution, and the flow distribution shows three maxima along the channels. The maximum velocity for the J-arrangement occurs at the first few channels from entry. This is attributed to the pressure variation along the inlet and outlet manifold subject to branching and collecting fluid flow. Both J- and Z-arrangements show a detectable flow recirculation at the first few channels, and this phenomenon becomes more pronounced with the rise of inlet flow rate. As a consequence, the pressure drop caused by this considerable recirculation exceeds that of the U-arrangement where the pressure drop is dominated by the impingement flow.
Studies on the isotetracenone antibiotics. III. A new isotetracenone antibiotic, grincamycin. (1987)

A complex of new isotetracenone group antibiotics was isolated from the cultured broth of Streptomyces sp. 2238-SVT4. It consisted of four related compounds, designated hatomarubigins A, B, C and D, whose structures were elucidated by NMR spectral analysis including a variety of 2D techniques. They enhanced the cytotoxicity of colchicine against multidrug-resistant tumor cells.
Investigations on bubble behaviour at a dip tube for enhanced densitometry and level measurements (2006)

In accountancy tanks of reprocessing facilities the pneumercator or dip tube technique is used for measuring a level, because the pneumercator delivers accurate measurements and the dip tubes are robust and easy in maintenance. The traditional pneumercator consists of three tubes of steel with a at end and with di¤erent lengths and of pressure measurement cells recording the gas pressure at the dip tubes tip. The pressure measurement can give very accurate determination of the level, if the health status of the dip tube and systematic errors are taken into account. Blockage or plugging of the dip tubes usually occurs in tanks with highly concentrated solutions. The air bubbling causing up and down movements of the solution in the lowest part of the dip tube can cause drying out of the thin liquid lms. Hence precipitation of salts of the concentrated solution occurs and solid particles deposit on the internal wall of the tube. The status of the dip tubes tip is regularly checked by analysing the bubble behaviour during formation and the detachment frequency. The pressure at the tip of the bubbling dip tube shows a regular but dynamic pressure signal for a given liquid level. The bubble dynamics, more in particular the periodical build-up of a bubble volume and therefore periodical displacement of water are commonly modelled with a systematic error of sinusoidal form. The bubble volume and the maximum distance of the bubble interface moves underneath the tip of the dip tube, show more a saw tooth behaviour. The bubble formation behaviour and bubble volume function are investigated experimentally to establish a reliable bubble volume function in dependency of the
The Role of Piezoceramic Microactuation for Future JPL Missions (1996)

The overall objective of the proposed effort is to develop a flexible microactuator based on tailored films of lead lanthanum zirconate titanate, PLZT (deposited on flexible substrates) and to demonstrate a multifold enhancement in its force/discplacement capabilities, compared to those of the current state-of-the-art actuators based on bulk ceramic materials.
The effect of plant lectins on the survival and malignant behaviors of thyroid cancer cells (2018)

Altered or aberrant glycosylation is a common phenomenon in cancer cells and it originates from changes in the expression of the enzymes, glycosyltransferase, and glycosidase which up-regulate in response to some oncogenes in the glycan synthesis pathway. In this present study, it has been aimed to determine the alteration of sialic acid and fucose expressions in the cell surface of human thyroid carcinoma cells and investigate the changes in tumorigenic and malignant characters after treating them with specific plant lectins. Our study showed that the cell surface glycan chains of anaplastic 8305C, follicular FTC-133, and papillary K1 thyroid carcinoma cells were rich in α-2,6, α-2,3, sialic acid, and α-1,6 fucose residues. When the cells were treated with specific doses of Maackia amurensis lectin II (MAL), Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA), and Aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL) which have specific binding capacity for the detected glycan residues, respectively their cancerous traits changed dramatically. Remarkable findings obtained from MAL treatment leading to necrosis in 8505C cells without any toxicity for normal thyroid epithelial cells but it had proliferative effect on K1 and FCT-133 cells. Besides, MAL and SNA treatment decreased the mobility of 8505C and K1 cells. MAL and SNA lectins dramatically reduced the endothelial affinity of the cells and AAL significantly attenuated that of 8050C and K1 cells but not FTC-133. These results suggest that altered cell surface glycosylation in thyroid cancer seems to be a strong candidate for developing new therapeutic strategies.
Stress and strain distribution in a vertically corrugated bulkhead1 (1965)

Under the sponsorship of the Netherlands’ Research Centre T.N.O. for Shipbuilding and Navigation the authors carried out a laboratory experiment on a full scale corrugated bulkhead with shallow vertical troughs, which forms a part of a testing tank f
Effects of beta-blocking agents on insulin secretion and glucose disposal. (1990)

Non-selective and to a lesser extent selective beta-blockers are known to slightly deteriorate glucose metabolism. This may be of clinical relevance, since patients with essential hypertension suffer from reduced insulin-sensitivity and some studies showed an increased incidence of diabetes type II with beta-blocker-treated hypertensive patients. However, it is not clear whether this effect is due to hypertension per se or in addition by antihypertensive treatment. The possible mechanisms by which beta-blockers influence carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. Insulin secretion is inhibited by beta-blockers in vitro. However, no effect is seen in vivo in man. Hepatic glucose production in theory may be influenced, but no effect is demonstrable. Muscular glucose uptake could be reduced; some data exist showing reduced peripheral insulin sensitivity, although there are controversial results. In conclusion, a deterioration of carbohydrate metabolism by beta-blockers is established, the mechanism whereby remains obscure.
Identification andStructure ofthenasRGeneEncoding a Nitrate- andNitrite-Responsi ve Positive Regulator of (1994)

Kiebsiella pneumoniae canusenitrate andnitrite assole nitrogen sources through thenitrate assimilatory pathway. Thestructural genes forassimilatory nitrate andnitrite reductases together withgenes necessary for nitrate transport formanoperon, nasFEDCBA. Expression ofthenasFoperon isregulated bothbygeneral nitrogen control andalso bynitrate ornitrite induction. Wehaveidentified agene, nasR, that isnecessary for nitrate andnitrite induction. ThenasRgene, located immediately upstream ofthenasFEDCBA operon, encodes a44-kDa protein. TheNasRprotein shares carboxyl-terminal sequence similarity withtheAmiRprotein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, thepositive regulator ofamiE(aliphatic amidase) geneexpression. Inaddition, we present evidence thatthenasFoperon isnotautogenously regulated.
Anthracene electroluminescent cells with tunnel-injection cathodes (1970)

Anthracene electroluminescent cells making use of tunnel-injection cathodes are described. Emission is in the spectral range 4100-5400 Å with an external quantum efficiency 0.01-0.04 photon/electron. Surface brightnesses of 60 ft ċ L have been measured.
Genetic and physiological characterization of <i>Flaveria linearis</i> plants having a reduced activity of cytosolic fructose‐1.6‐bisphosphatase (1996)

ABSTRACT We investigated the genetic control of cytosolic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (cytFBPase) activity, and the relationships between sucrose synthesis capacity and photosynthesis, growth, flowering and whole‐plant carbon partitioning in Flaveria linearis Lag. F 1 ; F 2 , and selfed lines generated from plants with low or high cytFBPase activity were used. CytFBPase activity was controlled by one gene and inherited co‐dominantly, giving three classes of activity (low, intermediate and high). Reversed O 2 sensitivity of photosynthesis, which indicates an end‐product limitation on photosynthesis, was controlled by one gene and co‐segregated with low cytFBPase activity. A low activity of cytFBPase decreased the growth rate. A recessive day‐neutral flowering trait in Flaveria linearis did not co‐segregate with cytFBPase activity. Plants with low cytFBPase activity had an increased shoot‐to‐root ratio, and flowering caused an additional shift in carbon partitioning to shoots only in plants with low cytFBPase activity. These data indicate that altering sucrose synthesis can affect photosynthesis and plant growth and development.
CT-1 (Cardiotrophin-1)-Gal-3 (Galectin-3) Axis in Cardiac Fibrosis and Inflammation (2019)

Myocardial fibrosis is a main contributor to the development of heart failure (HF). CT-1 (cardiotrophin-1) and Gal-3 (galectin-3) are increased in HF and associated with myocardial fibrosis. The aim of this study is to analyze whether CT-1 regulates Gal-3. Proteomic analysis revealed that Gal-3 was upregulated by CT-1 in human cardiac fibroblasts in parallel with other profibrotic and proinflammatory markers. CT-1 upregulation of Gal-3 was mediated by ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) 1/2 and Stat-3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) pathways. Male Wistar rats and B6CBAF1 mice treated with CT-1 (20 µg/kg per day) presented higher cardiac Gal-3 levels and myocardial fibrosis. In CT-1-treated rats, direct correlations were found between cardiac CT-1 and Gal-3 levels, as well as between Gal-3 and perivascular fibrosis. Gal-3 genetic disruption in human cardiac fibroblasts and pharmacological Gal-3 inhibition in mice prevented the profibrotic and proinflammatory effects of CT-1. Dahl salt-sensitive hypertensive rats with diastolic dysfunction showed increased cardiac CT-1 and Gal-3 expression together with cardiac fibrosis and inflammation. CT-1 and Gal-3 directly correlated with myocardial fibrosis. In HF patients, myocardial and plasma CT-1 and Gal-3 were increased and directly correlated. In addition, HF patients with high CT-1 and Gal-3 plasma levels presented an increased risk of cardiovascular death. Our data suggest that CT-1 upregulates Gal-3 which, in turn, mediates the proinflammatory and profibrotic myocardial effects of CT-1. The elevation of both molecules in HF patients identifies a subgroup of patients with a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality. The CT-1/Gal-3 axis emerges as a candidate therapeutic target and a potential prognostic biomarker in HF.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Blood levels of mercury are related to diagnosis of autism: a reanalysis of an important data set. (2007)

The question of what is leading to the apparent increase in autism is of great importance. Like the link between aspirin and heart attack, even a small effect can have major health implications. If there is any link between autism and mercury, it is absolutely crucial that the first reports of the question are not falsely stating that no link occurs. We have reanalyzed the data set originally reported by Ip et al. in 2004 and have found that the original p value was in error and that a significant relation does exist between the blood levels of mercury and diagnosis of an autism spectrum disorder. Moreover, the hair sample analysis results offer some support for the idea that persons with autism may be less efficient and more variable at eliminating mercury from the blood. PMID: 18006963
Comparative aspects of frequency analysis (1975)

Major trends in the evolution of the inner ear are thought to be evident in a comparative analysis of structure among living vertebrates. To the extent that morphological features determine features for frequency analysis, then, we may study the evolution of frequency analysis through behavioral measures of discrimination and masking in a wide variety of living species. The existing behavioral data sample the frequency DL, the critical masking ratio (CR), and the critical bandwidth (CR) among certain mammals, fishes, and birds. The CR and the frequency DL are correlated but their ratios are not constants across species. The DLs and the CRs for fishes and birds fall within the mammalian range, suggesting that frequency resolution per se did not evolve progressively. However, resolution in hertz as a proportion of the total bandwidth over which analysis occurs does not appear to “progress” across a phyletic series from fishes to mammals. The fishes, and most amphibians and reptiles, hear best in the frequency range below 2 kHz, where a temporally coded analysis of waveform provides an adequate mechanism for frequency analysis. An extension of hearing bandwidth much beyond this range would not have increased the information-handling capacities of the organism unless the mechanical and neural mechanisms existed which could perform frequency analyses above the range already served by a temporal code. Once the “place principle” had established a means for maintaining a favorable signal-to-noise ratio (filtering) at high frequencies, the enormous expansion of hearing bandwidth characteristic of the mammals was free to take place.