gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layered Bottlenecks and Their Mitigation (2006)

Bottlenecks are a simple and well-understood phenomenon in service systems and queueing models. However in systems with layered resources bottlenecks are more complicated, because of simultaneous resource possession. Thus, the holding time of a higher-layer resource, such as a process thread, may include a small execution demand, but a large time to use other resources at a lower layer (such as a disk). A single saturation point may in fact saturate many other resources by push-back, making diagnosis of the problem difficult. This paper gives a new corrected definition of a layered bottleneck, and develops a framework for systematic detection of the source of a bottleneck, for applying improvements and for estimating their effectiveness. Many of the techniques are specific to layered bottlenecks
Pix3D: Dataset and Methods for Single-Image 3D Shape Modeling (2018)

We study 3D shape modeling from a single image and make contributions to it in three aspects. First, we present Pix3D, a large-scale benchmark of diverse image-shape pairs with pixel-level 2D-3D alignment. Pix3D has wide applications in shape-related tasks including reconstruction, retrieval, viewpoint estimation, etc. Building such a large-scale dataset, however, is highly challenging; existing datasets either contain only synthetic data, or lack precise alignment between 2D images and 3D shapes, or only have a small number of images. Second, we calibrate the evaluation criteria for 3D shape reconstruction through behavioral studies, and use them to objectively and systematically benchmark cutting-edge reconstruction algorithms on Pix3D. Third, we design a novel model that simultaneously performs 3D reconstruction and pose estimation; our multi-task learning approach achieves state-of-the-art performance on both tasks.
Using musical features for watermarking music scores (2001)

Fast and easy access to digital data via the Internet has changed and is still changing our society. The amount of data offered on the Internet is increasing constantly. Also, the distribution of copyrighted data plays an important role. To protect this copyrighted digital data, new methods are being developed. One of those is watermarking. Nowadays, music scores are in digital format. Although music scores can be considered as images, image watermarking techniques applied to music scores degrade them. Therefore, we propose a method which does not change the shape of the musical symbols. Our solution respects the content of music scores by modifying features implicitly given in the music notation. The advantages are increased robustness and reduced visual impact. In particular, visibility (or transparency) is an important issue: Some changes might fatigue musicians mentally and they even don't know why. Considering robustness, a watermark should not be removed during the copying processes which are commonly used by musicians. By choosing suitable features, a blind or oblivious detection of the watermark is possible: an original music score is not required and a watermark can be read directly from a given watermarked music score.
When Is an Agrarian Not an Agrarian? A Reading of Robert Penn Warren’s “The Briar Patch” (2016)

Critics have tended to fall into one of two camps on the matter of Robert Penn Warren's participation in the Southern Agrarian movement.They have either agreed with Hugh Ruppersburg that "Agrarianism isthe essential premise on
The Influence of Organizational and Personal Characteristics on Community Planning Activity (1997)

The authors identify the influence of organizational and personal characteristics on the tendencies of community organizational workers in Israel to implement planning activities. The research examines these factors in relation to two planning styles, rational and organizational-political, and also distinguishes among factors influencing the tendency for implementation of each style. The principal findings indicate that the tendency of workers to implement rational activities is influenced by mechanical characteristics of the organization. On the other hand, the tendency of the workers to implement organizational-political activities is influenced significantly by organic characteristics--variety and conflict--with the organization. The frequency of use of both styles is influenced by professional education in community organization.
THE ISOLATED PERFUSED RAT SPLEEN (1990)

The aim of this study was to assess directly the function of isolated hepatocytes 1 year after transplantation into the spleen, using an original model of isolated rat-spleen perfusion. Three specific liver functions, albumin synthesis, indocyanine-green clearance, and antipyrine oxidation, were studied. Five x 10(6) isolated hepatocytes were injected into the spleen of syngenic Wistar-Furth rats. One year later, splenectomy was performed, and the splenic pedicle was carefully isolated in order to allow a selective ex vivo perfusion for 3 hr. De novo albumin synthesis was studied by qualitatively using immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography, and quantitatively using (35S)-methionine incorporation in albumin. De novo albumin synthesis was observed in spleens containing transplanted hepatocytes but not in controls (P less than 0.001); (35S)-methionine incorporation was significantly higher in spleens containing transplanted hepatocytes than in controls (132 +/- 67 cpm/spleen/hr vs. 14 +/- 6 cpm/spleen/hr, P less than 0.001). Antipyrine clearance was significantly higher in spleens with transplanted hepatocytes than in controls (67.4 +/- 4.9 microliters/min/g vs. 0.2 +/- 0.4 microliters/min/g, P less than 0.01). No statistically significant difference was observed with indocyanine-green clearance (4.2 +/- 6.0 microliters/min/g, vs. 5.2 +/- 5.1 microliters/min/g, P greater than 0.05); this was probably due to the absence of compartmentation between the sinusoid and biliary sectors in this model. In conclusion, using this original isolated rat-spleen perfusion model, it was directly observed that 1 year after transplantation, intrasplenic hepatocytes can perform two liver-specific functions, i.e., de novo albumin synthesis and antipyrine clearance.
Signal estimation using the discrete polynominal transform (1993)

The authors develop an iterative procedure for estimating the parameters of a signal consisting of multiple polynomial-phase components with time-varying amplitudes. The proposed algorithm is based on the discrete polynomial transform (DPT), and shares its computational simplicity. Preliminary experimentation with the algorithm has shown that it is able to provide accurate parameter estimates. A numerical example is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Holographic Image Projection through Inhomogeneous Media (1965)

This brief reports on an experimental test of a hologram technique that is capable of projecting ulldistorted images through inhomogeneous media. Coherent laser light and the hologram order that produces a conjugate image arc used. The technique may be of in terest in controlling wave transmission through inhomogeneous media for communication purposes, and it allows the scrambling or encrypting of texts, drawings, and similar messages for private communication.
Fructo‐oligosaccharide changes during the storage of dehydrated commercial garlic and onion samples (2008)

Summary The composition of fructo‐oligosaccharides (FOS), together with glucose, fructose and sucrose, has been determined in commercial dehydrated samples of onion ( Allium cepa L.) and garlic ( Allium sativum L.). No qualitative differences were detected among the FOS identified in both onion and garlic. Results show a lower FOS content in garlic than in onion in all samples analysed. In garlic samples, FOS with degree of polymerisation from 3 to 7 were identified and quantified for the first time. In addition, a study on the effect of the storage in these carbohydrates has been carried out under controlled conditions (50 °C, a w 0.44). The storage seemed to promote important changes in the content of glucose and fructose, which could participate in the Maillard reaction and in the composition of sucrose and FOS, whose hydrolysis was noticeable during the storage time. Therefore, all these chemical changes should be considered to evaluate the quality of these foods.
The dispensable right ventricle. (1975)

The historical development of the concept that an anatomic ventricle is not needed for the pulmonary circulation is reviewed. The application of this idea to surgical treatment of congenital heart disease has culminated in atriopulmonary bypass for tricuspid atresia, an operation that relieves cyanosis and creates a functionally normal circulation, but which may have late risk due to arrhythmias or valve failure.
New Materials For Second Harmonic Generation: Tentative Control Of Non-Centrosymmetry In Organic Crystals (1988)

Organic materials which exhibit nonlinear optical properties are currently of great interest. The design of such molecular materials, having specific physical properties, needs two steps since the macroscopic effect rises from the additive contribution of each molecular unit: search of active molecules and elaboration of efficient condensed phases. New trends in the design of highly hyperpolarizable molecules are described. Then, several strategies in getting nonlinear crystals able to frequency conversions are reviewed. In the absence of accurate predicting methods of crystal packing, the aim is to control the non-centrosymmetry in the solid state: chirality, intermolecular hydrogen-bonding, vanishing ground state dipole moment, extra charge-transfer polar group proved satisfying to get some of the most efficient crystals for quadratic nonlinear optics.
Verification and auto test for LCD driver/controller (2003)

Along with the requirements of application, the mixed-signal circuit - LCD driver/controller has more output pins and gradation voltage levels, which makes the verification and test difficult. This paper builds a system-level verification platform for LCD driver/controller circuit, in this module we convert the simulation file for behavioral simulation to test patterns for auto test machine, and we can also use this simulation file to verify out controller circuit design. Some new technology for high precision test of LCD driver/controller and the structure of LCD tester are also described in this paper.
New Results on the Decay Properties of Perturbed and Unperturbed M‐Centers in NaCl:CaCl<sub>2</sub> (1984)

Abstract Lifetime measurements concerning the relaxed excited state of the perturbed and the unperturbed M‐center in X‐ray colored NaCl:CaCl 2 samples, give the following results: a) the decay spectra are characterized by two components, due to the perturbed ((18.2 ± 0.5) ns at 9 K)) and to the unperturbed ((26.5 ± 0.5) ns at 9 K) M‐center respectively, in the temperature range 9 to 320 K: the component due to the perturbed M‐center disappears at higher temperatures; b) the lifetime of the M‐perturbed center is a decreasing function of the temperature contrary to what happens in KCl samples doped with divalent impurities, where it is constant up to room temperature; c) no difference from the data obtained in undoped NaCl samples is noted for the unperturbed M‐center and it is shown, for the first time, that its lifetime decreases above 310 K; d) the simple scheme of a two‐channel decay process is not valid for the perturbed M‐center whereas it enables to fit with accuracy the data concerning the unperturbed M‐center (by assuming a de‐excitation energy value equal to (0.46 ± 0.02) eV). An analysis of the optical properties of the M‐perturbed center in NaCl:CaCl 2 samples leads to the assumption that the perturbative effect is low compared to that observed in KCl doped with divalent impurities: in particular, it seems to be inefficient as regards the absorption properties; this hypothesis also enables to explain the absence of formation of Z 4 ‐centers in the same samples.
Simultaneous enhancements in photon absorption and charge transport of bismuth vanadate photoanodes for solar water splitting (2015)

n-Type bismuth vanadate has been identified as one of the most promising photoanodes for use in a water-splitting photoelectrochemical cell. The major limitation of BiVO4 is its relatively wide bandgap (∼2.5 eV), which fundamentally limits its solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency. Here we show that annealing nanoporous bismuth vanadate electrodes at 350 °C under nitrogen flow can result in nitrogen doping and generation of oxygen vacancies. This gentle nitrogen treatment not only effectively reduces the bandgap by ∼0.2 eV but also increases the majority carrier density and mobility, enhancing electron-hole separation. The effect of nitrogen incorporation and oxygen vacancies on the electronic band structure and charge transport of bismuth vanadate are systematically elucidated by ab initio calculations. Owing to simultaneous enhancements in photon absorption and charge transport, the applied bias photon-to-current efficiency of nitrogen-treated BiVO4 for solar water splitting exceeds 2%, a record for a single oxide photon absorber, to the best of our knowledge.
THE ROLE OF INTERFERON IN VACCINIA VIRUS INFECTION OF MOUSE EMBRYO TISSUE CULTURE (1962)

The production of an interferon-like substance by vaccinia virus is described. The physical properties of vaccinia interferon are shown to be similar to those of previously reported interferons. Data defining the role of vaccinia interferon in cell resistance and in establishment and maintenance of a carrier culture are presented. Elimination of virus from an infected culture is demonstrated and the role of interferon in the recovery process is considered.
SOMC@PMS. Surface Organometallic Chemistry at Periodic Mesoporous Silica (2001)

Periodic mesoporous silicas (PMSs) give enormous stimulus to the field of nanostructured organic−inorganic composite materials, opening new horizons for selective organic transformations and material science. This article outlines advanced synthetic concepts of their intraporous surface organometallic chemistry involving alkyl, (silyl)amide, and alkoxide reagents. Conclusive methods of characterization, elaborating the importance of spectroscopic probe ligands and nitrogen physisorption, reinforce the excellent capacity of PMS materials as a model support of, for example, amorphous silica. Particular emphasis is placed on tailor-made hybrid materials, highlighting unexpected reaction behavior due to surface and pore confinement. Accordingly, surface silylation as an efficient method for designing the microenvironment is surveyed in detail.
Chemistry for the synthesis of nucleobase-modified peptide nucleic acid (2004)

Abstract Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) presents a versatile scaffold for chemical modifications that may benefit its solubility and hybridization properties, conjugation chemistry, cell membrane permeability, and so forth. We have employed straightforward chemical methods for the synthesis of PNA monomers containing C5-or C6-modified pyrimidines.The C5-modified pyrimidines are based on 5-hydroxymethyl-uracil or cytosine, or are achieved by cross-coupling from the 5-iodonucleobase derivatives, while C6 modifications are accessed from 6-carboxyuracil (orotic acid). We have also developed an on-resin activation/conversion of uracil-containing PNA oligomers to N 4 -cytosine-containing derivatives.
Accuracy of Markerless 3D Motion Capture Evaluation to Differentiate between On/Off Status in Parkinson’s Disease after Deep Brain Stimulation (2018)

Kinematic data obtained with this markerless system could contribute to discriminate between PD patients and healthy controls. This emerging technology may help to clinically evaluate PD patients more objectively.
Metallic Spintronic Devices (2017)

Preface About the Editor Contributors Perpendicular Spin Torque Oscillator and Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording Jian-Gang (Jimmy) Zhu Spin-Transfer-Torque MRAM: Device Architecture and Modeling Xiaochun Zhu and Seung H. Kang The Prospect of STT-RAM Scaling Yaojun Zhang, Wujie Wen, Hai Li, and Yiran Chen Spintronic Device Memristive Effects and Magnetization Switching Optimizing Xiaobin Wang Magnetic Insulator-Based Spintronics: Spin Pumping, Magnetic Proximity, Spin Hall, and Spin Seebeck Effects on Yttrium Iron Garnet Thin Films Yiyan Sun, Zihui Wang, and Lei Lu Electric Field-Induced Switching for Magnetic Memory Devices Pedram Khalili and Kang L. Wang Index
“Amorphous” Precursors of α‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>: An Electron Optical Study (1992)

Abstract Basic aluminium chloride gels are thermally decomposed into X‐ray amorphous products. Corundum begins to crystallize in them about 400 °C on certain conditions. Electron optical examinations on powders of corundum‐forming gels and of their decomposition products show in an essential part aggregates of sheetlike components as powder particles. These have sharp electron diffraction patterns. The interpretation of diagrams proves the existence of two different structures with similar lattices, which are evidently related to those of diaspore and corundum. A defect structure is to be assumed for the corundum crystals formed.
Effects of 1047-nm Neodymium Laser Radiation on Skin Wound Healing (2002)

Previous research in our laboratory has shown that the polarization component of the electrical field plays an important role on the healing process of inflammatory lesions created in the end of the spinal column of Lewis rats, using a He-Ne laser at lambda = 632.8 nm. It is well known that polarization is lost in a turbid medium, such as living tissue. However, the Nd:YLF wavelength (lambda = 1,047 nm) allows more polarization preservation than lambda = 632.8 nm, and the Nd:YLF laser beam has been used in clinical trials as a biostimulating agent. In this work, we investigated the influence of a low-intensity, linearly polarized Nd:YLF laser beam on skin wound healing, considering two orthogonal directions of polarization. We have considered a preferential axis as the animals' spinal column, and we aligned the linear laser polarization first parallel, then perpendicular to this direction. Burns of about 6 mm in diameter were created with liquid N2 on the back of the animals, and the lesions were irradiated on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 postwounding, D = 1.0 J/cm2. Lesions 1 and 2 were illuminated using Nd:YLF pulsed laser radiation. Lesion 1 was irradiated with linear polarization parallel with the rat spinal column. Lesion 2 was irradiated using the same protocol, but the light polarization was aligned with the perpendicular relative orientation. Control lesions were not irradiated. We have taken photographs from the wound areas on the 3rd, 7th, 10th, 14th, and 17th postoperative day for a biometrical analysis. The results have shown that lesion 1 healed faster than the control lesions (p < 0,05), which presented a smaller degree of healing after 14 days postwounding.
All-digital transmitter architecture based on bandpass delta-sigma modulator (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new transmitter architecture of delta-sigma modulator. Highly efficient switched mode power amplifier is applicable with proposed architecture. Reconfigurability in channel selection and reduction of complexity are mainly addressed. The transmitter architecture has been applied to IEEE 802.11n wireless LAN system and validated by MATLAB simulation.
FLIGHTS OF THE WESTERN THATCHING ANT, FORMICA OBSCURIPES FOREL, IN NEVADA (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) (1972)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Memantine Suppresses the Glutamatergic Neurotransmission of Mammalian Inner Hair Cells (1998)

The glutamatergic synapses between inner hair cells and afferent neurons seem to be involved in pathophysiological conditions of the cochlea. The excessive release of glutamate from inner hair cells during noise trauma and ischemia affects the afferent neurons. It is possible that in tinnitus outer hair cell or inner hair cell dysfunction or damage leads to an altered spontaneous release of glutamate from inner hair cells. Thus, the pharmacological modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission could be of great value in the therapy of certain inner ear diseases. Recently, it has been discovered that the spasmolytic drug memantine has antiglutamatergic properties. As a possible drug for inner ear diseases, we were interested in the action of memantine on the neurotransmission of inner hair cells. With the aid of microiontophoretic techniques we were able to show a strong depressing effect on spontaneous activity as well as on glutamate-induced activity. This effect seems to be mediated by a blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors as memantine showed a strong inhibiting effect on NMDA-induced activity but not on AMPA-induced activity. These results recommend memantine for the treatment of inner ear diseases, e.g. especially tinnitus.
Goffman Was an Intense Perfectionist about His Writing, Putting Sheet after Sheet into the Typewriter and Then Throwing Each Away (2010)

Dr. Ann Swidler, Professor of Sociology at the University of California, Berkeley, wrote this memoir at the request of Dmitri Shalin and gave her permission to post the present version in the Erving Goffman Archives.
Lifetime estimates and unique failure mechanisms of the Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) (1998)

The Digital Micromirror Device/sup TM/ (DMD/sup TM/) has made great strides in terms of both performance and reliability. Each device consists of more than 500,000 individually addressable micromirrors. Digital Light Processing/sup TM/ technology, based on the DMD, has been used in such diverse products as projection displays with film-like projected images and photographic-quality printers. Reliability testing of the DMD has demonstrated greater than 100,000 operating hours and more than 1 trillion mirror cycles. This paper discusses DMD reliability development activities, failure modes investigated (e.g. hinge fatigue, hinge memory, stuck mirrors, and environmental robustness), various acceleration techniques (e.g. temperature and duty cycle), corrective actions implemented, and the resulting evidence that the DMD is exceeding original reliability goals.
(+)Naloxone potentiates the inotropic effect of epinephrine in the isolated dog heart. (1993)

Naloxone potentiates the inotropic effect of circulating catecholamines in the isolated canine heart. The stereospecificity of this response was evaluated with the aid of the less active (+)enantiomer of naloxone. The more common (-)isomer of naloxone increased the contractile response to epinephrine only at the higher dose tested (4 mg). This effect of naloxone was not observed at a tenfold lower dose (0.4 mg), indicating a very narrow dose-response range. (+)Naloxone was effective at the lower dose and was, therefore, equal to or better than (-)naloxone in potentiating the inotropic effect of epinephrine. When introduced afterward, (-)naloxone did not add to the effect of (+)naloxone. These data suggest that naloxone modifies cellular responsiveness to catecholamines through a nontraditional opiate receptor, through a nonopiate receptor, or through a nonreceptor mechanism.
Decision making for leaders (1985)

Decision Making for Leaders is an introduction to Saaty's analytic hierarchy process (AHP) aimed at an audience of leaders in business, industry, and government. As such, the book can be viewed as a popularized version of Saaty's more technical works on AHP (for example, see [1]).
Achieving Interoperability between CORBA and DCE Applications Using Bridges (1996)

This paper identifies a new heterogeneity — the heterogeneity of middleware platforms. To overcome the interoperability problem caused by this heterogeneity we present an application-level approach — bridges. Various kinds of bridges are identified, designed and discussed. A proof of concept is given by a case study.