gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consensus Measures of Physical Activity and Physical Fitness for Genome-wide Association Studies (2010)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and other large genomic related studies incorporating measures of physical activity (PA) and physical fitness (PF) provide promise for the identification of genetic variance that interacts with PA or PF components to confer risk or protective phenotypes. The goal of PhenX (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures) is to identify high quality, well-established, standard measures for use in GWAS and other population-based studies. Fifteen high priority measures are identified for each of twenty research domains, including PA and PF. The selected measures will be made freely available (at no cost) to the scientific community via the PhenX Tookit. Investigators can visit the toolkit to review and select PhenX measures to incorporate into a new or ongoing study. As more investigators choose to incorporate PhenX measures into their studies, opportunities increase for cross-study analyses. PURPOSE: Identify a core set of PA and PF measures that can be used by researchers for GWAS and genomic or other large studies and to make these measures available in a publicly accessible Toolkit. METHODS: The PhenX project brings together Working Groups (WG) of content experts in multiple domains to select high priority, low burden measures. Measures are selected through consensus within the WG and with input of the greater scientific community. The PhenX Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Working Group consists of seven researchers from academic and government institutions whose expertise represents the wide breadth of PA and PF science and genomics. The selected domain measures represent both subjective and objective measures of PA and PF including total, type and intensity measures of PA as well as strength, endurance and flexibility measures of PF. Protocols for children, adults, and the elderly are included. RESULTS: Fifteen high priority measures selected by the PA and PF WG will be included in the PhenX Toolkit (http://www.phenx.org). CONCLUSION: The use of these measures will enhance the ability of investigators to pool and compare their data across studies, thus increasing statistical power and the ability to detect genes with moderate affects and more complex associations e.g. gene-gene and gene-environment interaction.
Charge equalization for series connected battery strings (2002)

A simple technique that provides charge equalization for a series string of battery cells is presented. The advantages of accurate charge equalization are very substantial and include reduced damage to battery cells in the stack, and a dramatic increase in battery life. The basic technique utilizes a single isolated DC/DC converter with a capacitive output filter along with a multiple co-axial winding transformer (CWT). The co-axial winding transformer is known for its low and controlled leakage inductance. The transformer leakage inductance is used as the main driving impedance to control the total charging current for the individual cells. The use of one low power converter to obtain charge equalization for the entire battery string is very attractive and leads to a low cost implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of recombination mechanisms in the electronic transport of p-n transitions] Modellierung von Rekombinationsmechanismen beim Stromtransport in p-n-Übergangen. (1992)

Author: Pfeuffer, J; Genre: Journal Article; Issued: 1992; Title: Modeling of recombination mechanisms in the electronic transport of p-n transitions] Modellierung von Rekombinationsmechanismen beim Stromtransport in p-n-Übergangen.
BENZYLISOQUINOLINE STUDIES. PART I. OPEN-RING MODELS OF 4-BENZYLISOQUINOLINES (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBENZYLISOQUINOLINE STUDIES. PART I. OPEN-RING MODELS OF 4-BENZYLISOQUINOLINESDAVID SHAPIROCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 5, 1027–1036Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01151a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01151a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of Automatic Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy That Uses an Estimated Required Pressure in the Treatment of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (1997)

Automatic CPAP can be used with an estimated reference pressure without doing a titration sleep study. The positive pressure trend can be used to determine whether treatment failure is caused by an inadequate pressure setting and to determine the amount of pressure to apply.
Photocatalytic reactions on chromium containing mesoporous silica molecular sieves (Cr-HMS) under visible light irradiation: decomposition of NO and partial oxidation of propane (2001)

Cr-containing mesoporous silica molecular sieves (Cr-HMS) containing tetrahedrally coordinated isolated chromium oxide (chromate) moieties can operate as an efficient photocatalyst for the decomposition of NO and the partial oxidation of propane with molecular oxygen under visible light irradiation.
The Way Forward for the Spherical Tokamak (1996)

The low aspect ratio or spherical tokamak offers the prospect of burning plasmas in a compact simple system at a lower cost than in conventional tokamaks. The promising results obtained on START and other small spherical tokamaks have led to the approval of higher current devices at the MA level where the key issues of operational limits, confinement, plasma exhaust and steady state potential can be tested under more demanding conditions. From such devices it is a comparatively small step to a burning plasma and such devices have already been proposed. The compact nature of the spherical tokamak and its steady state potential make it ideally suited as a component test facility and also as a low cost, small unit size power plant capable of advancing the timetable for fusion exploitation.
SURFACE CONDITION OF NIOBIUM FOR SUPERCONDUCTING RF CAVITIES. (1972)

In recent years superconducting rf cavities with extremely small losses have become important for linear electron accelerators and rf beam separators.Niobium appears to be the most favorable metal for these devices; however, the rf field at which 'breakdown' to the normal state occurs is much lower than expected and it is probable that this effect is related to the surface condition of the niobium.In this paper we review previous work in this area, and we present our own measurements.We have made low energy electron diffraction measurements of surface oxides, and Auger spectroscopy has been used to study the amount of surface impurities.Our Auger results show that upon cooling niobium from high temperature treatments, significant amounts of oxygen migrate to the surface.A simple calculation has been made for how surface impurities can influence the value of the 'breakdown' fields, and some ways of protecting the niobium surface with high T c superconductors are also discussed.
Susceptibility of the Pea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) to an Insecticide and a Predator in the Presence of Synthetic Aphid Alarm Pheromone (1992)

The potential to manipulate pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), populations with synthetic alarm pheromone interacting with chemical or biological control was tested in greenhouse studies. Because alarm pheromone stimulates aphid movement, synthetic alarm pheromone may have the potential to act as a behavioral synergist for insecticides applied on plant surfaces. (E)-²-farnesene had a synergistic effect when combined with malathion; pea aphid survival decreased by 14.7%. An alternative application for alarm pheromone is disruption of effective alarm communication between aphids in the presence of a high background level of synthetic alarm pheromone. Under these conditions, predators may become more effective in feeding on aphids. This hypothesis was not supported by our experimental results with the predator Nabis americoferos Carayon. There was no significant effect of alarm pheromone on the effectiveness of this predator. However, we did not maintain the close proximity of individuals found in aphid colonies, where lack of response to alarm signals might be more deleterious. An additional experiment addressed the question of whether habituation or sensory adaptation could playa role in these potential applications for alarm pheromone. Aphids no longer moved in response to the presence of alarm pheromone 30 min after it was introduced. The potential role of habituation or sensory adaptation must be considered in designing applications for alarm pheromones.
Interstitial Cystitis: Increased Sympathetic Innervation and Related Neuropeptide Synthesis (1992)

To investigate the possibility of a neural deterioration of the bladder wall in interstitial cystitis, bladder tissue from 10 patients with interstitial cystitis was compared with that from 10 control subjects by means of immunohistochemistry. An enhanced innervation of the bladder in the submucosa and detrusor muscle was found to represent an increase of sympathetic but not cholinergic neurons. In interstitial cystitis the number of neurons positive for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neuropeptide Y was higher and carried a larger number of axonal varicosities, whereas the number of neurons positive for substance P and calcitonin-gene-related peptide was not significantly different in both groups. We conclude that interstitial cystitis is associated with increased sympathetic outflow into the bladder and altered metabolism of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and neuropeptide Y. Since similar changes have been observed in other inflammatory diseases of a presumably autoimmune nature, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and colitis ulcerosa, the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis may share common pathways with the latter. Experience in these diseases may facilitate a better understanding of the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis and suggest new therapeutic concepts.
An Analogue Front-End Architecture for Software Defined Radio (2002)

A Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a radio receiver and/or transmitter, whose characteristics can to a large extent be defined by software. Thus, an SDR can receive and/or transmit a wide variety of signals, supporting many different standards. In our research, we currently focus on a demonstrator that is able to receive both Bluetooth and HiperLAN/2. This helps us to identify problems associated with SDR, and will provide a test-bed for possible solutions to these problems. The two standards differ significantly in characteristics like frequency band, signal bandwidth and modulation type. Combining two different standards in one receiver appears to pose new design challenges. For example, in the wide frequency range that we want to receive, many strong signals may exist. This leads to severe linearity requirements for wideband receivers. This paper describes some receiver architectures. One design has been selected. This receiver has been built, and some measurement results are included.
Ultracentrifugal Molecular Weight Averages during the Approach to Equilibrium (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltracentrifugal Molecular Weight Averages during the Approach to EquilibriumDavid A. YphantisCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1959, 63, 10, 1742–1747Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150580a041https://doi.org/10.1021/j150580a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<i>In Vivo</i> Proton–Electron Double-Resonance Imaging of Extracellular Tumor pH Using an Advanced Nitroxide Probe (2013)

A variable radio frequency proton-electron double-resonance imaging (VRF PEDRI) approach for pH mapping of aqueous samples has been recently developed (Efimova et al. J. Magn. Reson. 2011, 209, 227-232). A pH map is extracted from two PEDRI acquisitions performed at electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) frequencies of protonated and unprotonated forms of a pH-sensitive probe. To translate VRF PEDRI to an in vivo setting, an advanced pH probe was synthesized. Probe deuteration resulted in a narrow spectral line of 1.2 G compared to a nondeuterated analogue line width of 2.1 G allowing for an increase of Overhauser enhancements and reduction in rf power deposition. Binding of the probe to the cell-impermeable tripeptide, glutathione (GSH), allows for targeting to extracellular tissue space for monitoring extracellular tumor acidosis, a prognostic factor in tumor pathophysiology. The probe demonstrated pH sensitivity in the 5.8-7.8 range, optimum for measurement of acidic extracellular tumor pH (pH(e)). In vivo VRF PEDRI was performed on Met-1 tumor-bearing mice. Compared to normal mammary glands with a neutral mean pH(e) (7.1 ± 0.1), we observed broader pH distribution with acidic mean pH(e) (6.8 ± 0.1) in tumor tissue. In summary, VRF PEDRI in combination with a newly developed pH probe provides an analytical approach for spatially resolved noninvasive pHe monitoring, in vivo.
Effect of 12 Weeks of Medicine Ball Training on High School Baseball Players (2004)

1437 PURPOSE: To examine the effect of 12 weeks of medicine ball training on torso rotational strength and power. METHODS: Forty-nine high school baseball players (mean age = 15.4 ± 1.2 years) were randomly assigned using a stratified sampling technique to one of two groups. Group 1 (n = 24) and Group 2 (n = 25) performed the same full-body resistance exercises according to a linear periodized model, and took 100 bat swings/day, 3 days/wk with their normal game bat for 12 weeks. Group 2 also performed medicine ball exercises 3 days/wk for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-testing consisted of dominant (D) & non-dominant (ND) torso rotational strength (TRS) and sequential hip-torso-arm rotational strength (medicine ball hitter's throw). A 3- repetition maximum (RM) parallel squat and bench press were measured at 0, after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of training. RESULTS: Both groups significantly increased (P: < 0.05) D & ND TRS (10.5 vs. 17.1% and 10.2 vs. 18.3% kg) and medicine ball hitter's throw (3.0 vs. 10.6% m). Group 2 showed significantly greater improvements in D & ND TRS and the medicine ball hitter's throw. Furthermore, predicted 1-RM parallel squat and bench press strength (kg) significantly increased after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of training for both groups. CONCLUSIONS: A 12 week linear periodized training program with baseball bat swings can significantly increase D & ND TRS, sequential hip-torso-arm rotational strength, parallel squat and bench press strength. Performing additional medicine ball exercises 3 days/wk for 12 weeks provided further D & ND TRS and sequential hip-torso-arm rotational strength gains.
Dynamic data compression in multi-hop wireless networks (2009)

Data compression can save energy and increase network capacity in wireless sensor networks. However, the decision of whether and when to compress data can depend upon platform hardware, topology, wireless channel conditions, and application data rates. Using Lyapunov optimization theory, we design an algorithm called SEEC that makes joint compression and transmission decisions with the goal of minimizing energy consumption. A practical distributed variant, DSEEC, is able to achieve more than 30% energy savings and adapts seamlessly across a wide range of conditions, without explicitly taking topology, application data rates, and link quality changes into account.
Real‐Time MRI Mapping and Ablation (2019)

For decades fluoroscopy has been the standard technique for the visualization and appropriate placement of electrode catheters for diagnostic electrophysiological (EP) studies and cardiac catheter ablation. The development of three-dimensional mapping systems enabled computer- based catheter visualization in models of the patient's heart reconstructed from imaging modalities such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The magnetic resonance conditional EP tools include an ablation and diagnostic catheter, a bidirectional deflectable sheath, and an EP recording system. For cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-guided EP procedures, CMR is used not only to visualize tissue but also to visualize and track the position of EP catheters in real time. Characterization of RF-induced acute lesions and lesion formation is considered to be a core advantage of CMR-guided EP procedures, and parametrization of acute and chronic RF-induced lesions in vivo may help to further improve ablation success.
Regulators of G protein signaling in cardiovascular function during pregnancy (2018)

G protein-coupled receptor signaling mechanisms are implicated in many aspects of cardiovascular control, and dysfunction of such signaling mechanisms is commonly associated with disease states. Investigators have identified a large number of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins that variously contribute to the modulation of intracellular second-messenger signaling kinetics. These many RGS proteins each interact with a specific set of second-messenger cascades and receptor types and exhibit tissue-specific expression patterns. Increasing evidence supports the contribution of RGS proteins, or their loss, in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular dysfunctions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the functional contributions of RGS proteins, particularly within the B/R4 family, in cardiovascular disorders of pregnancy including gestational hypertension, uterine artery dysfunction, and preeclampsia.
Clinical features of acute reversible tacrolimus (FK 506) nephrotoxicity in kidney transplant recipients (1997)

This study was designed to (a) estimate the contribution of tacrolimus nephrotoxicity to episodes of renal allograft dysfunction investigated by needle biopsy, (b) describe the temporal evolution of nephrotoxicity and its response to therapy, and (c) ascertain how often renal dysfunction is associated with concurrent extra-renal toxicity. Patients were selected based on a rising serum creatinine, normal ultrasound, and biopsy findings leading to a reduction in the dose of tacrolimus and a fall in serum creatinine. Twenty two (17%) cases of nephrotoxicity were identified amongst 128 consecutive kidney transplant biopsies with sufficient clinical data for analysis. There were 13 males and 9 females, 17-75 yr in age. Tacrolimus was administered initially as a 0.075-0.1 mg/kg/d IV continuous infusion followed by an oral dose of 0.15 mg/kg twice daily. The onset of nephrotoxicity in this study occurred 1-156 wk post-operatively. The mean baseline creatinine was 212.2 +/- 168.0 mumol/l (range 88.4-875.2) and rose 40.6% +/- 14.2% (range 11-66) during episodes of nephrotoxicity (p < 0.001). The highest recorded plasma and whole-blood tacrolimus levels during the toxic episodes were respectively 2.7 +/- 0.8 ng/ml (range 1.1-3.5) and 31.6 +/- 10.6 ng/ml (range 14.5-50.5). The drug levels were considered to be beyond the therapeutic range in 18/22 (82%) patients. The highest tacrolimus level preceeded the rise in serum creatinine in 20 cases by an interval of 1.6 +/- 1.8 d. A mean reduction in tacrolimus dosage of 41% +/- 21% (range 11-89) led to a 86% +/- 18% (range 45-100) fall in the serum creatinine within 1-14 d (p < 0.001). Interactions between tacrolimus and clarithromycin, diltiazem, or itraconazole modified the pharmakokinetic parameters in three cases. Serum potassium > 5.0 mequiv/l was recorded in 9/22 (41%) cases. Three or more elevations in blood glucose > 7.7 mmol/l (140 mg/dl) were recorded in 4/11 (36%) non-diabetic patients. Hand tremors were seen in two (9%) cases and elevated diastolic blood pressure > 90 mmHg in seven (32%) patients. In conclusion, tacrolimus nephrotoxicity accounted for 17% of graft dysfunction episodes investigated by biopsy. Concurrent hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, or tremors were noted in several patients. Nephrotoxicity responded well to reduction in the drug dosage.
Secure Computation for Machine Learning With SPDZ (2019)

Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC) is an area of cryptography that enables computation on sensitive data from multiple sources while maintaining privacy guarantees. However, theoretical MPC protocols often do not scale efficiently to real-world data. This project investigates the efficiency of the SPDZ framework, which provides an implementation of an MPC protocol with malicious security, in the context of popular machine learning (ML) algorithms. In particular, we chose applications such as linear regression and logistic regression, which have been implemented and evaluated using semi-honest MPC techniques. We demonstrate that the SPDZ framework outperforms these previous implementations while providing stronger security.
Commentary on Liu et al (2002)

pidemiological studies demonstrate sexual dimorphism with respect to arterial blood pressure, incidence of vascular disease, and the rate of progression of renal disease. In this regard, in men age 60 years, arterial blood pressure is higher compared with that of age-matched women, and the incidence of coronary artery disease is 50% less in premenopausal women compared with age-matched men. Decline of kidney function in patients with chronic renal disease is slowed in premenopausal women compared with age-matched men.