gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Bi-criteria Flow Channel Routing Algorithm For Flow-based Microfluidic Biochips (2014)

Rapid growth in capacity makes flow-based microfluidic biochips a promising candidate for biochemical analysis because they can integrate more complex functions. However, as the number of components grows, the total length of flow channels between components must increase exponentially. Recent empirical studies show that long flow channels are vulnerable due to blocking and leakage defects. Thus, it is desirable to minimize the total length of flow channels for robustness. Also, for timing-sensitive biochemical assays, increase in the longest length of flow channel will delay the assay completion time and lead to variation of fluid, thereby affecting the correctness of outcome. The increasing number of components, including the pre-placed components, on the chip makes the flow channel routing problem even more complicated. In this paper, we propose an efficient obstacle-avoiding rectilinear Steiner minimum tree algorithm to deal with flow channel routing problem in flow-based microfluidic biochips. Based on the concept of Kruskal algorithm and formulating the considerations as a bi-criteria function, our algorithm is capable of simultaneously minimizing the total length and the longest length of flow channel.
A Wireless Implantable Microsystem for Multichannel Neural Recording (2009)

An implantable microsystem capable of recording neural activity simultaneously on 64 channels is reported. This system receives power and setup data through an inductive wireless link, and wirelessly transmits the recorded neural information to an external interface. The microsystem is capable of detecting spike occurrences, as well as digitizing the spike waveforms on any channel with 8-bit resolution. Signals are amplified by 60 dB with a programmable bandwidth from < 100 Hz to 10 kHz. The input-referred noise is 8 muV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> . The channel scan rate for spike detection is 62.5 kS/s using a 2-MHz clock. The system dissipates 14.4 mW at 1.8 V, weighs 275 mg, and measures 1.4 cm times 1.55 cm.
Estimating soil salinity by disjunctive kriging (1990)

Abstract. Disjunctive kriging provides minimum variance estimates of properties from non‐linear combinations of spatially correlated sample data. In addition it can be used to estimate the conditional probability that some critical threshold is exceeded or that there is a deficit at unsampled points. The technique has been applied to estimate and map the salinity of the soil in the Bet Shean Valley of Israel from measurements of electrical conductivity. In November 1985 the estimated electrical conductivity of the soil exceeded 4 mS per centimetre throughout most of the region, and in only a small area was the probability of salinity less than 0.2. By March 1986 the electrical conductivity had declined everywhere to less than 4 mS per centimetre, and the conditional probability of exceeding this value nowhere exceeded 0.25. Despite the fluctuation in salinity farmers seem to have it under control. The results suggest that winter wheat is likely to germinate poorly in the saltier parts of the region and that lucerne (alfalfa, Medicago sativa) is unlikely to yield its maximum over most of it. Cotton, a summer crop sown in spring, should not suffer.
Partial synthesis of 9,10-syn-diterpenes via tosylhydrazone reduction: (-)-(9.beta.)-pimara-7,15-diene and (-)-(9.beta.)-isopimaradiene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial synthesis of 9,10-syn-diterpenes via tosylhydrazone reduction: (-)-(9.beta.)-pimara-7,15-diene and (-)-(9.beta.)-isopimaradieneMin Chu and Robert M. CoatesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 17, 4590–4597Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00043a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00043a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views702Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Probe Covers and Disinfectants for Transvaginal Transducers (1990)

There are a variety of probe covers and disinfectants available to minimize the risk of transferring infections to patients during transvaginal sonography (TVS). This article describes the methodology for preventing transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to patients and personnel.
Hypothermia-Induced Hypokalemia (1998)

Hypothermia may be seen both as a presenting problem and as a part of therapeutic strategy. An illustrative case is presented. In our case of severe head trauma, hypothermia was used as a therapeutic modality to minimize the brain injury. While hypothermic, the patient developed severe hypokalemia and was supplemented with 400 mEq of potassium. Upon rewarming, severe hyperkalemia occurred with resultant fatal arrhythmias. Severe hypokalemia may be seen in hypothermic patients, which represents a shift of potassium rather than a true loss. Careful management of this electrolyte problem must be given to avoid hyperkalemia with rewarming.
Chemical Methods for Heavy Oil Recovery (2001)

Abstract Many mobile heavy oil reservoirs in Saskatchewan and Alberta are unsuitable forthe application of thermal recovery methods, such as steam injection, for anumber of reasons including formation thicknesses of less than 10 m. Oilrecovery from such reservoirs can be accomplished by the use of nonthermalmethods, among which chemical flooding has considerable importance. This paperdiscusses recent laboratory results using chemical flooding techniques. At thesame time, limitations of such methods, limited field experience in heavy oilformations, and possible improvements are also considered. Among the chemicalflooding methods, alkaline and surfactant flooding techniques are moreimportant, partly because the chemicals involved are less expensive, and alsomuch has been learned from past experience in laboratory and field. Thelaboratory studies discussed consisted of surfactant floods and huff n'puff oftwo Lloydminster heavy oils. The recoveries in the floods were as high as 33﹪.The other recovery method discussed involved cyclic stimulation using twosurfactants. Oil recoveries as high as 12﹪ were achieved. Though recovery wasow, such an approach can be cost-effective in special circumstances. Introduction Much of the heavy oil in Saskatchewan and Alberta is mobile under reservoirconditions to the extent that primary production and waterflooding iseconomically feasible, although the recovery factors are low, 5 to 10﹪ in mostcases. Furthermore, the formation thickness is small (85﹪ of the oil in Saskatchewan occurs in formations less than 5 m thick), so that larger spacingsare needed, which makes the application of thermal methods, notablysteamflooding, doubly unattractive. Non-thermal recovery methods, such aschemical recovery processes and immiscible carbon dioxide WAG(Water-Alternating-Gas) process can be economically viable in such reservoirs, even though the recovery factor is low. This paper discusses primarily the morepromising non-thermal chemical flooding methods, selected laboratory and fieldresults, and their limitations. Results of a few experiments involvingchemicals with hot water are also added. Principles of Oil Recovery The two important concepts involved in oil recovery are Mobility Ratio, M, andthe Capillary Number, Nc. Mobility ratio, M, is usually defined as the mobility?ing (= k/ µ, where k is effective permeability and µ is viscosity)of the displacing fluid divided by the mobility ?ed of the displacedfluid (assumed to be oil in this discussion). If M &gt;1, the displacing fluidwill flow past much of the displaced fluid, displacing it inefficiently. Thusthe mobility ratio influences "displacement efficiency," i.e., the(microscopic) efficiency of oil displacement within the pores. For M&gt;&gt;1, the displacing fluid will channel past oil ganglia. This is oftencalled "viscous fingering" For maximum displacement efficiency, M should be=?1, usually denoted as a "favourable"mobility ratio. If M &gt;1(unfavourable), then, in the absence of viscous fingering, it merely means thatmore fluid will have to be injected to attain a given residual oil saturationin the pores.
Influence diffusion dynamics and influence maximization in social networks with friend and foe relationships (2013)

Influence diffusion and influence maximization in large-scale online social networks (OSNs) have been extensively studied because of their impacts on enabling effective online viral marketing. Existing studies focus on social networks with only friendship relations, whereas the foe or enemy relations that commonly exist in many OSNs, e.g., Epinions and Slashdot, are completely ignored. In this paper, we make the first attempt to investigate the influence diffusion and influence maximization in OSNs with both friend and foe relations, which are modeled using positive and negative edges on signed networks. In particular, we extend the classic voter model to signed networks and analyze the dynamics of influence diffusion of two opposite opinions. We first provide systematic characterization of both short-term and long-term dynamics of influence diffusion in this model, and illustrate that the steady state behaviors of the dynamics depend on three types of graph structures, which we refer to as balanced graphs, anti-balanced graphs, and strictly unbalanced graphs. We then apply our results to solve the influence maximization problem and develop efficient algorithms to select initial seeds of one opinion that maximize either its short-term influence coverage or long-term steady state influence coverage. Extensive simulation results on both synthetic and real-world networks, such as Epinions and Slashdot, confirm our theoretical analysis on influence diffusion dynamics, and demonstrate that our influence maximization algorithms perform consistently better than other heuristic algorithms.
Vehicle-based interactive management with multi-agent approach (2009)

Under the energy crisis and global warming, mass transportation becomes more important than before. The disadvantages of mass transportation, plus the high flexibility and efficiency of taxi and with the revolution of technology, electric-taxi is the better transportation choice for metropolis. On the other hand, among the many taxi service types, dial-a-ride (DAR) service system is the better way for passenger and taxi. However the electricity replenishing of electric-taxi is the biggest shortage and constraint for DAR operation system. In order to more effectively manage the electric-taxi DAR operation system and the lots of disadvantages of physical system and observe the behaviors and interactions of simulation system, multi-agent simulation technique is the most suitable simulation technique. Finally, we use virtual data as the input of simulation system and analyze the simulation result. We successfully obtain two performance measures: average waiting time and service rate. Result shows the average waiting time is only 3.93 seconds and the service rate (total transport passenger number / total passenger number) is 37.073%. So these two performance measures can support us to make management decisions. The multiagent oriented model put forward in this article is the subject of an application intended in the long term to supervise the user information system of an urban transport network.
<sup>90</sup>Y and <sup>177</sup>Lu Labeling of a DOTA-Conjugated Vitronectin Receptor Antagonist Useful for Tumor Therapy (2001)

The (90)Y and (177)Lu complexes (RP697 and RP688, respectively) of a DOTA-conjugated vitronectin receptor antagonist (SU015: 2-(1,4,7,10-tetraaza-4,7,10-tris(carboxymethyl)-1-cyclododecyl)acetyl-Glu(cyclo[Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe])-cyclo[Lys-Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe]) were prepared by reacting SU015 with the radiometal chloride in ammonium acetate buffer (pH > 7.2) in the presence of an antioxidant (sodium gentisate, GA). Through a series of radiolabeling experiments, it was found that there are many factors influencing the rate of (90)Y chelation and the radiolabeling efficiency of SU015. These include the purity of SU015, the pH, reaction temperature, and heating time, as well as the presence of trace metal contaminants, such as Ca(2+), Fe(3+), and Zn(2+). The chelation of (90)Y by SU015 is slow, so that heating at elevated temperatures (50-100 degrees C) is needed to complete the (90)Y-labeling. The rate of (90)Y chelation is also dependent on the pH of the reaction mixture. Under optimized radiolabeling conditions (pH 7.2-7.8 and heating at 50-100 degrees C for 5-10 min), the minimum amount of SU015 required to achieve 95% RCP for RP697 is approximately 25 microg for 20 mCi of (90)YCl(3) corresponding to a SU015:(90)Y ratio of approximately 30:1.
Dual-microring-resonator interference sensor (2009)

Dual-microring-resonator interference with the microrings on separate arms of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer is shown to provide the basis for high-performance sensors. The output spectrum, which depends on the overlap of the resonances of the two microring resonators, depends sensitively on the resonance shift of one of the microrings due to the presence of an analyte. The sensitivity and detection limit are obtained theoretically and found to be as large as 0.31 nm overlap resonance shift according to 2×10−6 refractive index units for Si-based sensors.
La imagen en la publicidad y el arte: con mujeres, ¿para mujeres? (2014)

This paper studies the figure of women in advertising today written by selecting a series of images of advertisements that have a certain degree of sexism. Its were chosen examples dated between July 2008 and July 2009 both women-specific products like others but they are not women who choose to advertise. Through analysis of their images you can see how certain prejudices still present in society today identifying the young woman, beautiful and perfect as the winner and the best claim to sell a product.
Projection angiograms of blood labeled by adiabatic fast passage (1986)

A surface coil on the neck causes adiabatic fast passage in blood as it flows by through a magnetic field gradient. This allows separation of blood and stationary tissue images of the head. Coronal and sagittal images of a volunteer are presented showing the vertebral and common, internal and external carotid arteries in projection views.
The Anchoring Protein RACK1 Links Protein Kinase Cε to Integrin β Chains (2002)

Integrin affinity is modulated by intracellular signaling cascades, in a process known as "inside-out" signaling, leading to changes in cell adhesion and motility. Protein kinase C (PKC) plays a critical role in integrin-mediated events; however, the mechanism that links PKC to integrins remains unclear. Here, we report that PKCepsilon positively regulates integrin-dependent adhesion, spreading, and motility of human glioma cells. PKCepsilon activation was associated with increased focal adhesion and lamellipodia formation as well as clustering of select integrins, and it is required for phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced adhesion and motility. We provide novel evidence that the scaffolding protein RACK1 mediates the interaction between integrin beta chain and activated PKCepsilon. Both depletion of RACK1 by antisense strategy and overexpression of a truncated form of RACK1 which lacks the integrin binding region resulted in decreased PKCepsilon-induced adhesion and migration, suggesting that RACK1 links PKCepsilon to integrin beta chains. Altogether, these results provide a novel mechanistic link between PKC activation and integrin-mediated adhesion and motility.
Investigation of the Bischler indole synthesis from 3,5-dimethoxyaniline (1980)

Cyclization of the amino ketones (3a,b) derived from 3,5- dimethoxyaniline, and phenacyl bromide and 4-bromophenacyl bromide respectively, afforded 2-arylindoles (8a,b) in preference to 3-aryl- indoles(7). The 3-(4'-bromophenyl)indole (7b) was also isolated in the presence of polyphosphoric acid, but not when amine hydrochloride catalysis was employed. The structure of 2-(4'-bromophenyl)-4,6- dimethoxyindole (8b) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies.
An Electro-Optical and Fiber-optical Measurement System for HV Transients. (1986)

Chapter 2 The measurement system 4 2.1 Principles 4 2.2 The complete system 4 Chapter 3 The components 9 3.1 Risetime and bandwidth 9 3.2 Optical fibers 9 3.3 The diode laser 3.4 The detector 11 3.5 Gradient-index lenses 3.6 Lenses 3.7 Polarizers 3.8 The i-/4-plate 3.9 The Pockels cell 3.10 Summary of used components Chapter 4 Mechanical arrangement 4.1 The gradient-index lens assembly 4.2 The laser assembly 4.3 The probe assembly 4.4 Adjustments on probe and laser Chapter 5 The electrical system 5.1 The total electrical system 5.2 Power supply 5.3 Circuits for the laser 22 5,4 Amplifier circuits 23 Chapter 6 Some characteristics of the system 25 6.1 The laser 25 6.2The amplifier 26 6.3The Pockels cell 28 6.4 Estimations of measurement precision 29 Chapter 7 Tests and measurements at Uppsala 7.1 Tests 7.2 Summary of results 36 Chapter 8 Conclusions 37
High fascioliasis infection in children linked to a man‐made irrigation zone in Peru (2002)

We detected 10 protozoan and nine helminth species in surveys of 338 5-15 year-old Quechua schoolchildren in three communities of the Asillo zone of the Puno region, located at a very high altitude of 3910 m in the Peruvian Altiplano. The area proved to be hyperendemic for human fascioliasis with a 24.3% overall mean prevalence of Fasciola hepatica, local prevalences ranging between 18.8 and 31.3%, and infection intensities of up to 2496 eggs per gram of faeces (epg), with 196-350 epg (mean: 279 epg) and 96-152 epg (123 epg) as arithmetic and geometric means, respectively. Prevalences did not significantly vary between schools and in relation to sex. No statistical differences were found in intensities between schools, nor according to sex or age groups between and within schools, although the highest overall egg counts were detected in girls and in the youngest age group. Asillo zone is a man-made irrigation area built only recently to which both liver fluke and lymnaeid snails have quickly adapted. The region appears to be isolated from the Northern Bolivian Altiplano natural endemic area. Such man-made water resources in high altitude areas of Andean countries pose a high fascioliasis risk. Significant positive association of F. hepatica with protozooses following a one host life cycle, such as Giardia intestinalis, suggests that human infection mainly occurs through drinking water. This is supported by additional evidence such as the absence of typical aquatic vegetation in the drainage channels inhabited by lymnaeid snails, the absence of aquatic vegetables in the traditional nutrition habits of the Quechua inhabitants, and the lack of potable water systems inside dwellings, which requires inhabitants to obtain water from irrigation canals and drainage channels.
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Seroconversion by Interferon- <i>α</i> 2b Combined with Granulocyte–Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor and Hepatitis B Vaccine: A Case Report (2019)

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss and/or seroconversion is the ideal endpoint for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), whereas the "functional cure" of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is hard to obtain with routine therapeutics. Thus, potential new strategies are explored to cure HBV infection. A combination immunomodulatory therapeutic regime was used in a 43-year-old female patient with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB; the regimen included consecutive combination therapy with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) plus HBV vaccine, in addition to ongoing normal interferon (IFN)-<i>α</i>2b treatment. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV DNA, HBsAg, and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) were monitored every 6 months. The ALT level normalized and HBV DNA decreased to a level below the limit of detection within 3 months after the initiation of IFN-<i>α</i>2b therapy. After an entire year of IFN treatment, serum HBsAg decreased to a very low level (3.16 IU/mL), and HBsAb was still negative (0.78 mIU/mL). Then, rhGM-CSF and the HBV vaccine were applied, in addition to continuous IFN therapy. A steady decline in HBsAg was observed, and HBsAg loss with HBsAb seroconversion was achieved 12 months after initiation of the combination treatment with rhGM-CSF and HBV vaccine; the IFN-<i>α</i>2b was discontinued for the later 6 months. A therapeutic regimen with GM-CSF plus HBV vaccine could keep the immune system actively stimulated and trigger an HBV-specific immune response to control, or even clear the virus; this regimen may be helpful in the "cure" of HBV infection when combined with IFN-<i>α</i>.
High altitude-induced pulmonary oedema (2006)

Almost one mountain trekker or climber out of two develops several symptoms of high altitude illness after a rapid ascent (> 300 m/day) to an altitude above 4000 m. Individual susceptibility is the most important determinant for the occurrence of high altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). Symptoms associated with HAPE are incapacitating fatigue, chest tightness, dyspnoea at the slightest effort, orthopnoea, and cough with due to haemoptysis in an advanced stage of the disease pink frothy sputum. The hallmark of HAPE is an excessively elevated pulmonary artery pressure (mean pressures of 35 and 55 mm Hg), which precedes the development of pulmonary oedema. Elevated pulmonary capillary pressure and protein- as well as red blood cell-rich oedema fluid without signs of inflammation in its early stage are characteristic findings. Furthermore, decreased fluid clearance from the alveoli may contribute to this non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. Immediate descent or supplemental oxygen and nifedipine are recommended until descent is possible. Susceptible individuals can prevent HAPE by slow ascent: an average gain of altitude not exceeding 400 m/day above an altitude of 2500 m. If progressive high altitude acclimatization is not possible, a prophylaxis with nifedipine should be recommended.