gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducing Word Senses to Improve Web Search Result Clustering (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel approach to Web search result clustering based on the au-tomatic discovery of word senses from raw text, a task referred to as Word Sense Induc-tion (WSI). We first acquire the senses (i.e., meanings) of a query by means of a graph-based clustering algorithm that exploits cycles (triangles and squares) in the co-occurrence graph of the query. Then we cluster the search results based on their semantic similarity to the induced word senses. Our experiments, conducted on datasets of ambiguous queries, show that our approach improves search result clustering in terms of both clustering quality and degree of diversification. 1
AN EFFECT OF ESTROGENS ON WATER INTAKE (1955)

Pellets of estradiol and cholesterol, when implanted subcutaneously, caused the expected urinary bladder dilatation and also an increase in water intake in male mice of the C57BL and A strains. Males of the C3H strain showed neither the bladder dilatation nor the increased water intake. The dilatation observed in the C57BL and A strains was at least partly dependent upon the increase in water intake, since limiting the water given to the estrogen-treated animals retarded the appearance and reduced the severity of the dilatation, and increased the survival rate.
Multichannel MLSE equalizer with parametric FIR channel identification (1999)

We propose a parametric finite impulse response (FIR) channel identification algorithm, apply the algorithm to a multichannel maximum likelihood sequential estimation (MLSE) equalizer using multiple antennas, and investigate the improvement in the overall bit error rate (BER) performance. By exploring the structure of the specular multipath channels, we are able to reduce the number of channel parameters to provide a better channel estimate for the MLSE equalizer. The analytic BER lower bounds of the proposed algorithm as well as those of several other conventional MLSE algorithms in the specular multipath Rayleigh-fading channels are derived. In the derivation, we consider the channel mismatch caused by the additive Gaussian noise and the finite-length channel approximation error. A handy-to-use simplified BER lower bound is also derived. Simulation results that illustrate the BER performance of the proposed algorithm in the global system for mobile communications (GSM) system are presented and compared to the analytic lower bounds.
Vitamin D Supplementation and Total Mortality<subtitle>A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials</subtitle> (2007)

Intake of ordinary doses of vitamin D supplements seems to be associated with decreases in total mortality rates. The relationship between baseline vitamin D status, dose of vitamin D supplements, and total mortality rates remains to be investigated. Population-based, placebo-controlled randomized trials with total mortality as the main end point should be organized for confirming these findings.
Transarterial chemoembolization with Doxorubicin-eluting microspheres for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma. (2011)

Chemoembolization with doxorubicin-eluting microspheres is safe and well tolerated in patients with inoperable HCC. Its efficacy is comparable to the historical controls. However, further prospective studies are required to confirm its efficacy.
The effect of ageing on magnetic domain configurations in an iron-48% chromium alloy (1964)

Magnetic domain configurations have been observed in an unaged and in an aged 47.8 at.% Cr-Fe alloy using transmission electron microscopy techniques. In the unaged alloy, which is a homogeneous body-centred cubic solid solution, the magnetic domain structure is quite regular, as expected for a material possessing a positive magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant. In the aged alloy the magnetic domains become much finer and highly irregular. This behaviour is associated with the formation of an inhomogeneous configuration of coherent, non-magnetic chromium-rich precipitates in a ferromagnetic iron-rich matrix. Magnetostatic energy contributions associated with the free magnetic poles originating at the precipitate-matrix interface, and magnetoelastic effects due to stress fields generated in the matrix by the precipitates, are postulated to result in local irregular rotations of the magnetization out of its easy direction, as determined by magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy considerations alone. This in turn results in an irregular domain configuration. The extent to which these effects are felt depends on foil orientation and is discussed in some detail.
MicroRNA-720 promotes in vitro cell migration by targeting Rab35 expression in cervical cancer cells (2015)

The miR-720 promotes cell migration of HeLa cells by downregulating Rab35. The results show that miR-720 is a novel cell migration-associated gene in cervical cancer cells.
Long conduction time plasma opening switch experiments at Sandia National Laboratories (1992)

Sandia National Laboratories has undertaken an ambitious program to reduce the size and cost of large pulsed power drivers. The program basis is inductive energy storage and Plasma Opening Switches (POS). Inductive energy storage has well known advantages, including increased efficiency and reduced stress on the vacuum interface. The Sandia approach is to retain the reliable and efficient Marx generator and the temporal pulse compression of the water dielectric capacitor. A triggered closing switch, developed at Sandia, transfers the capacitor charge into the energy storage inductor. This approach has several advantages, including relaxed requirements on Marx jitter and inductance, and much faster current risetime in the energy storage inductor. The POS itself is the key to the Sandia program. The switch design uses an auxiliary magnetic field to inject the plasma and hold it in place during conduction. After opening begins, the self magnetic field of the power pulse pushes on the plasma to increase the opened gap. We use magnetic pressure because we desire POS gaps of several cm. Typical plasma opening switches do not achieve large gaps. Improved opening allows more efficient energy transfer to loads. We will present results from recent experiments at Sandia. Our driver will presently supply 650 kA with a 240 ns risetime to the input of the POS. The storage inductor is a 17 Ohm magnetically insulated transmission line (MITL) that is five meters long. We will discuss the ways in which magnetic fields influence the POS, and the ways in which we control the magnetic fields.
Apple, Late Season Leafroller Control, 1975 (1976)

Abstract This experiment was designed to determine if one application in early August or one application late in August or two applications in August of selected insecticides would control the tufted apple budmoth and redbanded leafroller. The schedule of materials used per acre (other than the test materials) was: April 14, Difolatan, grower applied; April 25, Oil 7E cone; May 5, Captan 50W 6.0 lb + Sulfur 6.0 lb + Agri-Strep 1.5 lb; May 20, Captan 50W 6.0 lb + Kararhane 1.0 lb + Zolone 3EC 42.0 oz; June 2, Captan 50W 5.0 lb + Phosphamidon 8E 5.0 oz; June 12, Captan 50W 5.0 lb + Kararhane 2.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; June 24, Captan 50W 4.0 lb + Kararhane 1.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; July 11, Captan 50W 4.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; July 28, Captan 80W 2.7 lb + Zolone 3EC 32.0 oz; August 1, Omite 30W 4.0 lb; August 15, Captan 80W 4.0 lb. Two 5-tree plots of Lannate L 32.0 oz/100 gal and Phosvel 45W 1.5 lb/100 gal and one 5-tree plot of Guthion 50W 0.5 lb/100 gal were sprayed dilute with a Bean high pressure sprayer operating at 540 psi on August 1. One of the plots of Lannate L and Phosvel and the Guthion plot sprayed on August 1 were sprayed again on August 20. Also one 5-tree plot unsprayed since July 28 was sprayed with Lannate L and a similar plot was sprayed with Phosvel. The treatments were evaluated by examining 10 leafrolIs/tree (50/treafment) on August 4 and August 26 to determine larval mortality. The apples were examined for leafroller injury on August 28 (50 apples/tree, 250 apples/treatment). Fruit was examined at harvest (October 7) to ascertain the increase in number of damaged apples since the summer examination (August 28). Some apples had more than one type of damage, thus, the total number of apples damaged may be less than combined total number of apples damaged at different times of the season (early + late).
Zur Frage Des Innermolekularen Energietransportes (1947)

Unsere Versuche zeigen, daß die Streuung der wirksamen Dosen sich durch exaktere Definition der vorliegenden Bedingungen wesentlich vermindern läßt.Bei Injektion in den Lymphsack des Frosches muß neben der pro Gewichtseinheit wirksamen Menge mindestens die Konzentration der Injektionslösung, das Geschlecht der Tiere und die Versuchstemperatur angegeben werden.Das Deutsche Arzneibuch, VI.Ausg., schreibt für die Auswertung der Digitalispräparate die Verwendung männlicher Frösche vor, trägt also m dieser Hinsicht den hier vertretenen Mindestforderungen schon Rechnung.2. Zur Prüfung der Frage, ob ähnliche Gesetzmäßigkeiten auch für den Warmblüter bei subcutaner Injektion gelten, wurde die quantitative Bestimmung
Interaction of iPSC-derived neural stem cells on poly(L-lactic acid) nanofibrous scaffolds for possible use in neural tissue engineering (2017)

Tissue engineering is a rapidly growing technological area for the regeneration and reconstruction of damage to the central nervous system. By combining seed cells with appropriate biomaterial scaffolds, tissue engineering has the ability to improve nerve regeneration and functional recovery. In the present study, mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were generated from mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with the non-integrating episomal vectors pCEP4-EO2S-ET2K and pCEP4-miR-302-367 cluster, and differentiated into neural stem cells (NSCs) as transplanting cells. Electrospinning was then used to fabricate randomly oriented poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers and aligned PLLA nanofibers and assessed their cytocompatibility and neurite guidance effect with iPSC-derived NSCs (iNSCs). The results demonstrated that non-integrated iPSCs were effectively generated and differentiated into iNSCs. PLLA nanofiber scaffolds were able to promote the adhesion, growth, survival and proliferation of the iNSCs. Furthermore, comp-ared with randomly oriented PLLA nanofibers, the aligned PLLA nanofibers greatly directed neurite outgrowth from the iNSCs and significantly promoted neurite growth along the nanofibrous alignment. Overall, these findings indicate the feasibility of using PLLA nanofiber scaffolds in combination with iNSCs in vitro and support their potential for use in nerve tissue engineering.
Cathode lens electron microscopy: past and future (2009)

This retrospective sketches the evolution of emission electron microscopy, low energy electron microscopy and related methods from the early stages up to the present state and gives a brief outlook on the future possibilities of these cathode lens electron microscopy techniques. It is concerned mainly with instrumentation, discusses some little known work and emphasizes important steps in the evolution of the field instead of attempting to review it in detail.
View-based and modular eigenspaces for face recognition (1994)

We describe experiments with eigenfaces for recognition and interactive search in a large-scale face database. Accurate visual recognition is demonstrated using a database of O(10/sup 3/) faces. The problem of recognition under general viewing orientation is also examined. A view-based multiple-observer eigenspace technique is proposed for use in face recognition under variable pose. In addition, a modular eigenspace description technique is used which incorporates salient features such as the eyes, nose and mouth, in an eigenfeature layer. This modular representation yields higher recognition rates as well as a more robust framework for face recognition. An automatic feature extraction technique using feature eigentemplates is also demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Artificial Intelligence-Based Techniques for Emerging Robotics Communication: A Survey and Future Perspectives (2018)

This paper reviews the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for the application area of robot communication. The study of the control and operation of multiple robots collaboratively toward a common goal is fast growing. Communication among members of a robot team and even including humans is becoming essential in many real-world applications. The survey focuses on the AI techniques for robot communication to enhance the communication capability of the multi-robot team, making more complex activities, taking an appreciated decision, taking coordinated action, and performing their tasks efficiently.
Synthesis of the Calophyllum coumarins. Part 2 (1995)

Synthetic routes leading to the synthesis of the natural 4-phenyl, 4-propyl and 4-methyl coumarins isolated from Calophyllum sp. are presented. 4-Aryl or -alkyl, 8- and 6-acyl 5,7-dihydroxy coumarins were chromenylated and then methylated at the 5 or 7 positions. A 4-step hydrobromination–bromination–double dehydrobromination sequence converted the 2-methylbutanoyl side chain into the (E)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl (tigloyl) group to give calophyllolide, oblongulide, their natural 4-propyl analogue and the corresponding regioisomers. Demethylation and cyclisation of the tigloyl group gave inophyllums C and E, tomentolides A and B, and calanolide D. Sodium boranuide reduction of the 2,3-dimethylchromanone ring afforded inophyllums A, B, D and P, soulattrolide, calanolides A-C, costatolide, and cordatolides A and B. The structures of calanolides C and D, oblongulide and apetatolide have been reassigned. The previously unknown stereochemistry about the 2,3-dimethylchromanone ring of tomentolides A and B has been established as trans.
Experimental investigations of air and liquid injection by venturi tubes (2006)

Abstract The venturi system creates a pressure differential that forms a vacuum. As water flows through the tapered venturi orifice, a rapid change in velocity occurs. This velocity change creates a reduced pressure (vacuum), which draws air and liquid to be injected into the system. The air and liquid injection rates vary with the pressure differential across the venturi. Typical applications of venturi tubes are for injecting fertilizers, chemicals, ozone gas, air or oxygen into pressurized water systems. In this paper, experimental studies were conducted to investigate the effects of inlet and throat diameters of the venturi tube, pipe length downstream of the venturi tube, diameter of the suction pipe at the throat portion of the venturi tube, angle of the pipe downstream of the venturi tube, flow velocity at the inlet portion of the venturi tube and density and viscosity of the liquid injected into the venturi tube on air and liquid injection rate. It was observed from the results that venturi tubes had high air and liquid injection efficiencies.
Isolation of a candidate cDNA for the gene causing retinal degeneration in the rd mouse. (1989)

The inherited retinal degeneration of the rd mouse results in the exclusive loss of one cell type, the photoreceptors. We took advantage of this visual-cell loss to devise a strategy for the isolation of photoreceptor-specific cDNAs based on the use of subtractive and differential hybridizations. The resulting pool of photoreceptor-specific cDNAs was screened for a candidate cDNA for the rd gene, and a putative rd cDNA that maps to mouse chromosome 5, the chromosome to which the rd gene has been assigned, was identified. On Northern blots the candidate rd cDNA hybridizes a 3.3-kilobase RNA species from 9- to 11-day-old developing normal retina and, much more faintly, a 3.6-kb RNA species from age-matched rd retina. The 0.3-kilobase difference in the size of the mRNAs hybridized suggests that a structural alteration in the gene corresponding to the candidate rd cDNA has occurred in the rd mouse. This was further supported by the detection of polymorphisms between rd/rd and +/+ mouse genomic DNA after digestion with restriction endonucleases and probing with the candidate rd cDNA. Expression of mRNAs hybridized by the candidate rd cDNA is detected in normal and diseased retinas at postnatal day 1 but the signal intensity is considerably lower in the rd retina. To our knowledge, this is the earliest molecular defect reported in the rd retina that is observed prior to any phenotypic signs of photoreceptor degeneration.
Uptake of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization [Review] (2004)

The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge on the uptake of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization. Despite many studies carried out on mineral nutrient absorption by leaf tissues, many aspects of foliar fertilization are still unknown. At present, it is believed that such fertilization of plants is a valuable complement to the application of nutrients to the soil. Foliar fertilization is most effective when soil nutrient availability is low, topsoil dry, and root activity during the reproductive stage is decreased. Foliar fertilization is also successful in increasing content of fruit Ca and cereal grain protein. It is proposed that this treatment should be recommended in the integrated plant production because it is environment friendly and increases productivity and yield quality. In the present paper, the penetration of mineral nutrients through the surface leaf layers and their uptake across the plasma membrane of the epidermal cells are discussed. In addition, environmental factors, aspects of plant biology and spray solution properties having a crucial effect on the efficiency of foliar fertilization, are presented.
Lethal differences: a short history of the concepts of wealth and poverty in Danish epidemiological writings 1858-1914 (2011)

Through a study of the history of the concepts of wealth and poverty, this paper investigates the onset of a transition in the conceptual architecture of epidemiological research concerning social differences in mortality rates from 1858 to 1914. It raises the question as to what the concepts of wealth and poverty meant to those who used them and what objects of interventions the conceptual architecture surrounding the concepts enabled the researchers to create. It argues that a transition began in the late 19th century in which an important framework for the understanding of causal relations behind the mortality patterns changed and that this change in turn influenced the scope of what was conceived as relevant objects of intervention.
The growth of a Bose-Einstein condensate: theory vs. experiment (2000)

Summary form only given. Bosonic stimulation as the principal mechanism for the growth of a Bose-Einstein condensate was first introduced and quantitatively evaluated by Gardiner et al., and this was subsequently experimentally verified by Miesner et al. Although agreement between experiment and theory is not perfect, it is clear that the predicted mechanism of stimulated emission into the condensate is indeed the principal cause of condensate growth.
The Global Burden of Trachoma: A Review (2009)

Trachoma is the commonest infectious cause of blindness worldwide. Recurrent infection of the ocular surface by Chlamydia trachomatis, the causative agent, leads to inturning of the eyelashes (trichiasis) and blinding corneal opacification. Trachoma is endemic in more than 50 countries. It is currently estimated that there are about 1.3 million people blind from the disease and a further 8.2 million have trichiasis. Several estimates for the burden of disease from trachoma have been made, giving quite variable results. The variation is partly because different prevalence data have been used and partly because different sequelae have been included. The most recent estimate from the WHO placed it at around 1.3 million Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). A key issue in producing a reliable estimate of the global burden of trachoma is the limited amount of reliable survey data from endemic regions.
Can Lesion Size During Radiofrequency Ablation Be Predicted By the Temperature Rise to a Low Power Test Pulse in Vitro? (2003)

During radiofrequency ablation sufficient power must be delivered to achieve a proper lesion, while tissue temperatures are kept below 100 degrees C. Tissue temperature and hence lesion size are determined by electrode to tissue contact and convective cooling, which vary with any obtained electrode position in the beating heart. A tool for evaluation of the combined effect of these parameters prior to ablation to predict the resulting lesion size for any actually obtained electrode position would be valuable. A low power pulse prior to ablation will cause a small increase in tip temperature, which will reflect tissue contact and convective cooling of the tip for that particular electrode position and may thereby predict lesion dimensions after subsequent ablation at that site. Ablation was performed in vitro on strips of left ventricular porcine myocardium during different levels of convective cooling, variable contact pressure, and two electrode orientations in temperature-controlled and power-controlled modes. A 4-mm tip catheter was used. Prior to ablation a 30-second, 0.6-W test pulse was delivered and the increase in tip temperature (DeltaT) registered. The study found that DeltaT and lesion size were mainly affected by the external cooling of the electrode tip and less by the electrode to tissue contact. Increased cooling caused a lower DeltaT (P < 0.001), and the effect on lesion dimensions depended on the ablation mode. For temperature-controlled ablation a larger lesion due to increased power output was obtained (P < 0.0001) for increased cooling, whereas for power-controlled ablation a smaller lesion was obtained for increased cooling (P < 0.05). DeltaT can predict lesion size, but the interpretation of DeltaT depends on the ablation mode. For temperature-controlled ablation a high DeltaT indicates a small lesion and for power-controlled ablation a high DeltaT indicates a large lesion.
A robust pitch boundary detector (2003)

An algorithm is presented which detects each and every pitch boundary of a voiced utterance. The algorithm is robust under additive white noise for up to 0-dB signal-to noise ratio. The algorithm is based on extraction of the peakedness feature and the similarity measure of the speech waveform. The authors model the peakedness of the properly rectified and filtered voiced speech envelope as a distorted sawtooth train. A matched filter is devised to extract the peakedness characteristics of the voiced speech and its periodicity. The impulse response of the matched filter is a sawtooth waveform with adjustable period length. The filter output achieves its peak value when the period of its impulse response matches the transient pitch period of the voiced speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>