gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of woodpile structures by two-photon polymerization and investigation of their optical properties (2004)

Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a powerful technique for the fabrication of 3D micro- and submicro-structures. By applying laser powers that are only slightly above the polymerization threshold, 3D structuring of photosensitive materials with a resolution down to 100 nm can be realized. Here we report on woodpile photonic crystal structures fabricated in organic-inorganic hybrid polymers (Ormocers) and investigation of their optical properties. The fabricated crystals possess a photonic band gap in the near infrared spectral region. The polymeric woodpile structures can be used as templates for the fabrication of highly refractive TiO2 replicas. First results in this direction are presented.
Reducing Cardiovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes by Targeting Multiple Risk Factors (2008)

Insulin resistance syndrome is characterized by hyperglycemia, atherogenic dyslipidemia, hypertension, and abdominal obesity. Hyperglycemia is the major risk factor for microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes. However, 70% to 80% of patients with type 2 diabetes will die of macrovascular disease. Atherogenic dyslipidemia-characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) levels, and a preponderance of small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles-is the major cause of atherosclerosis in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, treatment of type 2 diabetes must address hyperglycemia to prevent microvascular disease (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and atherogenic dyslipidemia to prevent macrovascular complications. Emerging evidence indicates lipid and glucose homeostasis are interrelated via bile acid-activated nuclear hormone receptor signaling pathways. Agents that act on these pathways could simultaneously address hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have shown that bile acid sequestrants, including cholestyramine, colestimide, and colesevelam HCl, significantly improve glycemic control and reduce LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. This paper will review the effects of bile acid sequestrants on both glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes.
An overview of systems studies of automated highway systems (1991)

A comprehensive systems study of the factors influencing the design, development, and deployment of an intelligent vehicle highway system is summarized. Candidate system concepts and system implementation strategies that have a high potential for successful deployment with a minimum of disruptive influence and cost impact on the current highway system are identified and analyzed. A system concept is recommended together with a plan for its development and deployment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DBCP, EDB, and TCP Contamination of Ground Water in Hawaii (1987)

ABSTRACT In recent years, several pesticide‐related contaminants have been detected in the ground waters of the State of Hawaii. Two soil fumigants previously used by pineapple growers, 1,2‐dibromo‐3‐chloropropanc (DBCP) and 1,2‐dibromoethane or ethylene dibromide (EDB), have been detected in several wells on Oahu and Maui. An impurity of the soil fumigant DD, 1,2,3‐trichloropropane (TCP), also has been detected in a number of wells. DBCP, EDB, and TCP are of particular concern to State public health officials due to known and possible unknown health effects associated with these compounds. The locations of the contaminated well sites on Oahu appear to be correlated with the areas of past and present pineapple cultivation when the ambient ground‐water flow pattern is taken into consideration. In addition, several large fuel pipeline leaks are located in the vicinity of the EDB contamination. In general, TCP contamination is more widespread than either DBCP or EDB contamination. TCP levels appear to be declining in Oahu water wells while EDB levels in the contaminated portion of southern Oahu appear to be increasing. The direction of temporal trends in DBCP concentration at present varies according to site.
De l'intéret des approches contrastives (2000)

Les approches comparatives-contrastives n'etaient plus a la mode ces dernieres annees. Ne seraient-elles pas cependant fort utiles dans le cadre de I'enseignement bilingue ?
Lower Cretaceous Section, Belcourt Ridge, Northeastern British Columbia (1963)

ABSTRACT Belcourt Ridge shows a continental lower Blairmore flora-bearing section including a thin marine tongue carrying lower Clearwater Middle Albian foraminifera and pelecypods. An upper Luscar flora overlies the marine tongue and underlies a dicotyledonous flora with upper Commotion affinities of pre-upper Blairmore age.
Hematoporphyrin derivative for detection and management of cancer (1967)

Hematoporphyrin derivative has been evaluated as a means of detecting malignancy in 121 patients suspected of having cancer. Areas examined included the cervix, vagina, tracheobronchial tree, esophagus, peritoneum and rectum. Dysplastic and neoplastic tissue was identified by red fluorescence whereas nonneoplastic tissue appeared grayish white to black. Thirty-three of 35 primary malignancies of the cervix and vagina were detected by fluorescence. The technique was especially helpful for the identification of recurrent lesions. In the fluorescent endoscopy group, the region of malignancy was identified by fluorescence in 32 of the 34 cases in which the lesion was located where the activating light could reach it in sufficient intensity. Hematoporphyrin derivative is a valuable adjunct to detection and management of malignancy, especially in the patient who presents a problem of the extent, location or possible recurrence of a malignant lesion.
Detoxification of specific organic substances by wet oxidation (1980)

Wet oxidation of toxic compounds was demonstrated to be an excellent method of detoxifying these priority pollutants. Destruction of up to 99.8+% of the starting materials was achieved by wet oxidation in the range of 275 to 320/sup 0/C for 1 hour. A copper catalyst was effective in bringing about the destruction of several more refractory compounds at 275/sup 0/C. In general, the toxicity of the oxidized materials was greatly reduced compared with that of the starting material, as shown by acute toxicity tests using Daphnia magna. Study results demonstrate the potential of wet oxidation as a unit process for detoxification of dilute aqueous mixtures of toxic compounds.
A hierarchical modeling method for AUTOSAR software components (2010)

Software component plays an important role in the AUTOSAR development process. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical modeling method for AUTOSAR software components, using which developers can conveniently create an AUTOSAR system. Taking into account the various software models of AUTOSAR application layer, we provide three diagram models to properly group the software components into four layers and a component library to improve reusability of component models. In addition, the hierarchical development of the model, along with auto-generation of XML description, is demonstrated based on the application case study of a door light control system.
A role for transforming growth factor-beta 1 in regulating natural killer cell and T lymphocyte proliferative responses during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (1991)

The role of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) in regulating NK and T cell proliferation during acute viral infections was investigated. After infection of mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, NK cell proliferation peaks on day 3 and subsides by days 5 to 7 postinfection, whereas T cell proliferation peaks on day 7 and declines by days 9 to 14 postinfection. As TGF-beta 1 has been shown to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in culture, the production and function of TGF-beta 1 during infection was evaluated in this model. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the accumulation of TGF-beta 1 transcripts remained relatively constant in total splenic leukocytes during infection. The Mv 1 Lu mink lung cell bioassay was modified and used to evaluate the production of biologically active TGF-beta 1 during infection. Media conditioned with splenic leukocytes isolated from infected mice contained factors that inhibited DNA synthesis by the Mv 1 Lu cells. Low levels of inhibition were observed with conditioned media prepared on day 3 postinfection and high levels of inhibition were observed with conditioned media prepared on days 5 through 14 postinfection. Neutralization with antibodies specific for TGF-beta 1 demonstrated that TGF-beta 1 contributed to the inhibitory activity. As TGF-beta 1 was produced at times coinciding with the decline in NK cell proliferation, the TGF-beta 1 sensitivity of in vivo-elicited NK cells was evaluated. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that NK cell proliferation was extremely sensitive to inhibition by TGF-beta 1. In culture, TGF-beta 1 had an ID50 of 8 pg/ml for inhibiting DNA synthesis by blast NK cells. In vivo, administration of a total of 0.18 micrograms of TGF-beta 1 resulted in a 93% inhibition of NK cell-mediated lytic units per spleen on day 3 postinfection. The inhibition was a result of a block in NK cell proliferation, as administration of TGF-beta 1 profoundly suppressed the appearance of blast size NK cells and the incorporation of [3H] thymidine by NK cell-enriched, blast lymphocyte populations on day 3 postinfection. In contrast to NK cell proliferation, T cell proliferation was not inhibited by up to 100-fold higher concentrations of the factor in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TGF-beta 1 is an important regulator of NK cell proliferation in vivo. Furthermore, the results indicate that differential sensitivity to TGF-beta 1 may contribute to the coordination of NK and T cell responses during viral infections.
CCCXXVIII.—The reactivity of methyl groups in heterocyclic bases (1922)

W. H. Mills and J. L. B. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1922, 121, 2724 DOI: 10.1039/CT9222102724
New illuminating system design for transmission film copying (1992)

A number of illuminating systems for film copying are based on weil-known dichroic mirrors and electromagnetic slitsvalves. Light from a lamp iiluminator is reflected separately on two mirrors (red and blue) and the third green channel is subtracted. The intensity of the light in each channel is controiled by an electromagnetic valve, and the final color is formed in the exit slit behind a tapered lightguide by mixing of the three principal colors. A new design for an iiluminator that works in a pulse mode and has no mechanical moving parts is introduced. The principal part of the new iiluminator is a cube-formed electro-optic modulator. The new iiluminator operates at a higher frequency of color modulation, with higher energy transmission (higher by 50% than classical iiluminators), and with a greater number of color modes (73 intensity levels for each principal color). Moreover the design of this new iiluminating module is more compact than the one with mirrors, and the new module can be easily connected via computer control.
The computer in art (1971)

This video was recorded at REFRESH! THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE HISTORIES OF ART, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY - September 28 - 0ct 1, as a peer-reviewed scholarly work chosen for inclusion.
Inhibition of deoxynivalenol translocation and fungal colonization in Fusarium head blight resistant wheat (1992)

Ergosterol analyses of seed samples infected with Fusarium culmorum from 22 wheat genotypes differing in resistance to Fusarium head blight indicated that visual assessment of head blight levels from a field plot gives a reliable estimate of the amount of fungal biomass. The percentage of infected spikelets was a better indication of the amount of fungal biomass present than the percentage of infected heads. This suggests that Fusarium head blight resistance in this population is mainly based on resistance to colonization and that resistance to establishment of the initial infection plays only a minor role. Plants from a susceptible and a resistant breeding line were inoculated with F. culmorum at flowering time. Four weeks after inoculation heads were selected with Fusarium-infected spikelets levels ranging from 0 to 100%. At this time only low levels of ergosterol were detected in the kernels. Eight weeks after inoculation, ergosterol concentrations in chaff and kernels were significantly higher in the susceptible line compared with the resistant breeding line. At 4 and 8 weeks after inoculation the trichothecene deoxynivalenol content of chaff and kernels was also much higher in the susceptible line than in the resistant line. The Fusarium head blight resistant line possesses resistance to hyphal invasion. It appears that deoxynivalenol is transported from the chaff to the young kernel and the pathogen then colonizes the kernel. In the resistant line deoxynivalenol translocation from chaff to kernel was inhibited and little fungal colonization occurred. It is hypothesized that this is based on a membrane-based trichothecene tolerance. Key words: wheat, Fusarium, trichothecene, resistance, ergosterol, deoxynivalenol.
A Micro Threading Based Concurrency Model for Parallel Computing (2011)

The continuing launch of various multi-core processors popularizes parallel computing of gaining higher performance, however, it also exerts pressures on software developers concerning how to make full use of the multiplicity of resources to get the required benefits due to high coupling of parallel programs to specified hardware. In this paper, we propose SVP, a micro-threading based concurrency model, as an alternative to efficiently program on and manage multi-core, even many-core systems. SVP isolates programming from executing resources so that programs are compiled once and execute regardless of actual cores available, not only numbers, but also properties to achieve scalable speedup. Such lower coupling, better flexibility and portability in parallel applications are highly appreciated. To investigate SVP, tool chains and a fully functional software simulator of an SVP many-core chip have been developed for test and verification. Using this infra-structure, we are able to show how much we can gain from SVP and how speedup is scaled by running the same binary code of Game of Life on a scalable many-core platform.
The Route to Atomic and Quantum Standards (2004)

Over the past half-century, there has been a shift away from standards based on particular artifacts toward those based on physical effects, the most stable being based on quantum properties of systems. This change was proposed at the end of the 19th century but is still not complete at the start of the 21st. We discuss how this vision has been implemented through recent advances in science and metrology and how these may soon lead to an SI system finally free from artifact standards, with a consistency based on fundamental constants.
Steroid-Protein Interactions (1972)

Abstract Human plasma α1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) was separated by isoelectric focusing into five variant fractions which had the isoelectric points (pI): 3.0, 3.2, 3.4, 3.5, and 3.6. The pI 3.5 and 3.6 species were not obtained in sufficient quantity for characterization. The variants of pI 3.0, 3.2, and 3.4 together constituted about 90% of the α1-acid glycoprotein obtained from pooled serum. Each of these three variants was found as the predominant species in sera of single donors. The physicochemical analyses of the three principal variants showed no significant differences in the s0.5%20,w values (2.93 S), the absorptivities, A1 cm1% at 278 nm (9.3), and the total content of hexose (14%), hexosamine (13%), or total sugar (40 to 41%). However, the sialic acid content decreased from 12.5 ± 0.5% in the most acidic to 11.3 ± 0.5% in the least acidic variant. On the basis of the amino acid analyses, the pI 3.4 species contains less glutamic acid than the other variants. Material focusing at pH 2.0 was found to be an artifact formed during electrofocusing. Equilibrium dialysis at 4° showed that each of the variants studied had one principal binding site for progesterone and that the binding affinities of the species pI 3.0 (k = 10.4 x 105 m-1) and pI 3.2 (k = 9.2 x 105 m-1) were indistinguishable from that established for the pure glycoprotein isolated from a serum pool. However, the pI 3.4 variant bound progesterone with a significantly lower affinity (k = 6.7 x 105 m-1). The dissimilarities in binding affinity were confirmed independently by ultraviolet difference spectrophotometry.
From Ontology to Semantic Similarity: Calculation of Ontology‐Based Semantic Similarity (2013)

Advances in high-throughput experimental techniques in the past decade have enabled the explosive increase of omics data, while effective organization, interpretation, and exchange of these data require standard and controlled vocabularies in the domain of biological and biomedical studies. Ontologies, as abstract description systems for domain-specific knowledge composition, hence receive more and more attention in computational biology and bioinformatics. Particularly, many applications relying on domain ontologies require quantitative measures of relationships between terms in the ontologies, making it indispensable to develop computational methods for the derivation of ontology-based semantic similarity between terms. Nevertheless, with a variety of methods available, how to choose a suitable method for a specific application becomes a problem. With this understanding, we review a majority of existing methods that rely on ontologies to calculate semantic similarity between terms. We classify existing methods into five categories: methods based on semantic distance, methods based on information content, methods based on properties of terms, methods based on ontology hierarchy, and hybrid methods. We summarize characteristics of each category, with emphasis on basic notions, advantages and disadvantages of these methods. Further, we extend our review to software tools implementing these methods and applications using these methods.
Synthesis of Substituted Dibenz-oxazepines and Dibenzthiazepine Using of 4-Bromo-5-nitrophthalonitrile (2003)

Proposed a method of synthesis of new cyano containing compounds of oxazepine and thiazepine series based on activated aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of bromine atom and nitro group in 4-bromo-5nitrophthalonitrile by various bifunctional O-, N-, S-nucleophiles.
A new control method for eliminating the 2 nd harmonic at the DC link of a shunt APF under an unbalanced and nonlinear load (2011)

Under an unbalanced load 2nd harmonic DC link and 3rd harmonic at AC input current of a shunt APF appear due to the fundamental negative frequency load current. These low order harmonics can cause a series of high order harmonics at both of AC and DC sides. In this paper a new control method is presented to eliminate the 2nd ripple of DC link voltage to alleviate the stress of the DC-link capacitor and thus to reduce the 3rd harmonic of line currents.
Qualification study of two genomic DNA extraction methods in different clinical samples. (2014)

This study discloses salting-out as a non-toxic DNA extraction procedure with a superior time-efficiency and cost-effectiveness in comparison with phenol-chloroform and it can be routinely used in resource-limited laboratory settings.
Writing off copayments. (2013)

Professions are accorded respect and autonomy by society in exchange for their willingness to enforce their own professional standards. A case is discussed where an associate discovers that the principal dentist is routinely not collecting the 20% copayment required by insurance contracts. Analysis shows that this practice is unethical, illegal, and unprofessional. Practical advice is offered for how such an issue should be addressed.
The Internal Steric Push-Effect: Its Consequences on the Reactivity of Carbonyl Functions in 3-Substituted Phthalic Anhydrides (1988)

Abstract The enhanced reactivity of the meta carbonyl function vis-a-vis nucleophiles in 3-substituted phthalic anhydrides is interpreted in terms of an internal steric effect. A through-space interaction between the substituent and the carbonyl function causes a displacement of electrons in the C=O bond from the oxygen to the carbon atom with simultaneous deactivation of the carbon atom toward nucleophilic attack and the oxygen atom toward complexation with a counter ion.
Rh(D) antigen expression and isolation of a new Rh(D) cDNA isoform in human erythroleukemic K562 cells (1994)

Human erythroleukemic K562 cells are known to have several erythroid properties. K562 cells possess Rh mRNAs, but expression of Rh proteins has not previously been reported. We immunoprecipitated Rh protein from K562 cell lysate using rabbit anti-Rh and detected Rh(D) antigens on K562 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). These results suggest that K562 cells will be useful as an expression model for most Rh antigens. We also cloned a new Rh(D) cDNA isoform (RhK562-II), from a K562 cDNA library using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 5' and 3' end oligonucleotides of the published Rh(e/E) antigen encoding cDNA sequence as primers. Sequence analysis showed that RhK562-II is composed of 951 nucleotides (316 amino acids), identical to the first 939 nucleotides (exons 1 to 6) of one of the Rh(D) cDNAs (RhXIII), except for nucleotide 654 (C-->G exchange). However, this exchange is the same as that of another published Rh(D) cDNA (RhPII cDNA). RhK562-II is deprived of exons 7 and 8 (nucleotides 940 to 1,153), followed by an identical sequence up to the 3' end of the open-reading frame of the RhXIII cDNA, which causes a frame-shift mutation and produces a premature stop codon. In vitro expression of RhK562-II using the transcription and translation rabbit reticulocyte lysate system produced two major Rh-related proteins (30 kD and 25 kD), which were immunoprecipitated by rabbit polyclonal anti-Rh and separated on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).