gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the late seeding of CFU-S to the spleen: 8- vs 12-day CFU-S. (1989)

Marrow from 5-fluorouracil- or cyclophosphamide-treated mice, injected into lethally irradiated recipients, gives an increasing number of spleen colonies between days 7 and 14. It has been suggested that the later-forming colonies result from the more primitive spleen colony-forming units (CFU-S), which first seed into the marrow, only later to be recirculated and form colonies in the spleen. Strontium 89 (89Sr), a bone-seeking radionuclide, was injected into recipient mice to block such putative recirculation. A dose of 89Sr, which killed at least 99.8% of CFU-S in, or entering, the bone cavities, was incapable of preventing the increase in spleen colony numbers. Similarly, the splenic environment, modified by the presence of spleen colonies and able to provide a better bed for trapping CFU-S from the peripheral circulation, yielded the same number of further CFU-S, whether or not the animal had received 89Sr. Thus, it was concluded that the 12-day CFU-S does not seed initially into the marrow spaces. Direct observation of the quality of CFU-S initially seeding into the bone marrow and spleen showed, by retransplantation into secondary irradiated mice, that a similar spectrum of CFU-S types had seeded both organs.
Optical true time-delay for phased-array antenna system using dispersion compensating module and a multi-wavelength fiber laser (2012)

We have proposed the optical true-time delay beam-forming system using a tunable DCM and a multi-wavelength fiber ring laser for phased array antenna. The time-delay difference between wavelengths which is assigned for the each antenna elements originated from the wavelength dependence of the DCM. As a result, a DCM could be used to obtain the radiation angle of 180° by tuning the dispersion of the DCM at the fixed wavelengths of the fiber ring laser in the proposed optical true-time delay.
The RpiR-Like Repressor IolR Regulates Inositol Catabolism in Sinorhizobium meliloti (2011)

Sinorhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing symbiont of alfalfa, has the ability to catabolize myo-, scyllo-, and D-chiro-inositol. Functional inositol catabolism (iol) genes are required for growth on these inositol isomers, and they play a role during plant-bacterium interactions. The inositol catabolism genes comprise the chromosomally encoded iolA (mmsA) and the iolY(smc01163)RCDEB genes, as well as the idhA gene located on the pSymB plasmid. Reverse transcriptase assays showed that the iolYRCDEB genes are transcribed as one operon. The iol genes were weakly expressed without induction, but their expression was strongly induced by myo-inositol. The putative transcriptional regulator of the iol genes, IolR, belongs to the RpiR-like repressor family. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that IolR recognized a conserved palindromic sequence (5'-GGAA-N6-TTCC-3') in the upstream regions of the idhA, iolY, iolR, and iolC genes. Complementation assays found IolR to be required for the repression of its own gene and for the downregulation of the idhA-encoded myo-inositol dehydrogenase activity in the presence and absence of inositol. Further expression studies indicated that the late pathway intermediate 2-keto-5-deoxy-D-gluconic acid 6-phosphate (KDGP) functions as the true inducer of the iol genes. The iolA (mmsA) gene encoding methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase was not regulated by IolR. The S. meliloti iolA (mmsA) gene product seems to be involved in more than only the inositol catabolic pathway, since it was also found to be essential for valine catabolism, supporting its more recent annotation as mmsA.
Effect of Gum Arabic in an Oral Rehydration Solution on Recovery From Diarrhea in Rats (1999)

The positive effects of the gum arabic-supplemented rehydration solution on fluid and electrolyte absorption seen during jejunal perfusion also occurred during recovery from chronic osmotic secretory diarrhea, when free-living animals drank the solution ad libitum.
High Stability Engine Control (HISTEC) (1996)

Future aircraft turbine engines, both commercial and military, must be able to successfully accommodate expected increased levels of steady-state and dynamic engine-face distortion. The current approach of incorporating a sufficient component design stall margin to tolerate these increased levels of distortion would significantly reduce performance. The objective of the High Stability Engine Control (HISTEC) program is to design, develop, and flight demonstrate an advanced, high-stability, integrated engine control system that uses measurement-based, real-time estimates of distortion to enhance engine stability. The resulting distortion tolerant control reduces the required design stall margin, with a corresponding increase in performance and decrease in fuel burn. The HISTEC concept, consisting of a Distortion Estimation System and a Stability Management Control, has been designed and developed. The Distortion Estimation System uses a small number of high-response pressure sensors at the engine face to calculate indicators of the type and extent of distortion in real time. The Stability Management Control, through direct control of the fan and compressor pressure ratio, accommodates the distortion by transiently increasing the amount of stall margin available based on information from the Distortion Estimation System. Simulation studies have shown the HISTEC distortion tolerant control is able to successfully estimate and accommodate time-varying distortion. Currently, hardware and software systems necessary for flight demonstration of the HISTEC concept are being designed and developed. The HISTEC concept will be flight tested in early 1997.
Recognition of prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters using convolutional deep learning neural networks (2017)

Accurate computational identification of promoters remains a challenge as these key DNA regulatory regions have variable structures composed of functional motifs that provide gene-specific initiation of transcription. In this paper we utilize Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to analyze sequence characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoters and build their predictive models. We trained a similar CNN architecture on promoters of five distant organisms: human, mouse, plant (Arabidopsis), and two bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis). We found that CNN trained on sigma70 subclass of Escherichia coli promoter gives an excellent classification of promoters and non-promoter sequences (Sn = 0.90, Sp = 0.96, CC = 0.84). The Bacillus subtilis promoters identification CNN model achieves Sn = 0.91, Sp = 0.95, and CC = 0.86. For human, mouse and Arabidopsis promoters we employed CNNs for identification of two well-known promoter classes (TATA and non-TATA promoters). CNN models nicely recognize these complex functional regions. For human promoters Sn/Sp/CC accuracy of prediction reached 0.95/0.98/0,90 on TATA and 0.90/0.98/0.89 for non-TATA promoter sequences, respectively. For Arabidopsis we observed Sn/Sp/CC 0.95/0.97/0.91 (TATA) and 0.94/0.94/0.86 (non-TATA) promoters. Thus, the developed CNN models, implemented in CNNProm program, demonstrated the ability of deep learning approach to grasp complex promoter sequence characteristics and achieve significantly higher accuracy compared to the previously developed promoter prediction programs. We also propose random substitution procedure to discover positionally conserved promoter functional elements. As the suggested approach does not require knowledge of any specific promoter features, it can be easily extended to identify promoters and other complex functional regions in sequences of many other and especially newly sequenced genomes. The CNNProm program is available to run at web server http://www.softberry.com.
Molecular heterogeneity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons – Moving toward single cell resolution (2015)

Since their discovery, midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons have been researched extensively, in part because of their diverse functions and involvement in various neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the last few decades, reports have emerged that midbrain DA neurons were not a homogeneous group, but that DA neurons located in distinct anatomical locations within the midbrain had distinctive properties in terms of physiology, function, and vulnerability. Accordingly, several studies focused on identifying heterogeneous gene expression across DA neuron clusters. Here we review the importance of understanding DA neuron heterogeneity at the molecular level, previous studies detailing heterogeneous gene expression in DA neurons, and finally recent work which brings together previous heterogeneous gene expression profiles in a coordinated manner, at single cell resolution.
Monotone Piecewise Cubic Interpolation (1980)

Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for a cubic to be monotone on an interval. These conditions are used to develop an algorithm which constructs a visually pleasing monotone piecewise cubic interpolant to monotone data. Several examples are given which compare this algorithm with other interpolation methods.
Breakage behaviour of different materials—construction of a mastercurve for the breakage probability (2002)

An approach to quantify the grinding behaviour of different materials is presented. Based on a dimensional analysis and on fracture mechanical considerations, two material parameters, fMat. and Wm,min, are derived theoretically. fMat. characterises the resistance of particulate material against fracture in impact comminution. fMat. comprises the effect of particle size on fracture and the resistance against the external load which is quantified by the specific impact energy. Wm,min characterises the specific energy which a particle can take up without fracture. Values for fMat. and Wm,min which determine the grindability of different materials are given. Both the dimensional analysis and the fracture mechanical considerations lead to the same influence of initial particle size, mass-specific impact energy and newly derived material parameters on the comminution result. Experimentally, the material parameters are determined by single-particle impact tests. Together with the initial particle size and the impact energy, they allow for a quantitative description of the breakage probability of different materials in the form of a mastercurve and can also be applied for the qualitative description of the breakage function. The results for five polymers, limestone and glass spheres of different sizes are shown.
Association of alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cells in bone marrow with granulocytic precursors. (1979)

In the bone marrow, an elaborate stroma forms the structural basis of the hemopoietic microenvironment. In this study, two different types of stromal cells were identified with certainty on tissue sections of intact bone marrow of rats and mice using light and electron microscopic histochemistry: (a) a fibroblast-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by having alkaline phosphatase associated with its plasma membrane. We refer to this cell as the alkaline-phosphatase-positive reticulum cell (Al-RC). It is closely associated with granulocytic precursors, particularly myeloblasts and neutrophilic promyelocytes. These reticulum cells may be found throughout the marrow but are concentrated near the endosteum. (b) a macrophage-type of reticulum cell which is characterized by its abundance of lysosomal acid phosphatase and is mainly associated with erythroid precursors (as observed by others). In contrast to the above-mentioned cell type, this latter cell was found to be distributed uniformly throughout the marrow. We speculate that the Al-RC are mesenchymal stromal cells necessary for granulocytic differentiation in bone marrow.
THE RESISTANCE OF STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE AGAINST PENICILLIN AND OTHER ANTIBIOTICS (2004)

Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae against penicillin is considered to be of great
importance. While low-resistant strains could be treated by penicillin, treatment of highly resistant strains is very difficult and needs broad-spectrum antibiotics. This study was performed in Imam Khomeini Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, from 1999 to 2001 to evaluate pneumococcal resistance against penicillin and some other antibiotics. Specimens were collected from different hospitals. Samples were cultured and resistance of S. pneumoniae against selected antibiotics was determined. The main aim of this study was to measure minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), using serial dilution method. Disc diffusion method was also performed to be compared with the main procedures (MIC and MBC), on 66 strains obtained from 100 clinical specimens. Five different antibiotics (penicillin, cefazolin, ampicillin, amoxicillin and vancomycin)
were employed in this study. In the case of penicillin, 47 sensitive strains and 19 highly resistant strains were obtained. No intermediate or low-resistant strain was found. The frequency of resistant strains against other antibiotics was found to be 10.6%, 7.5%, 18.1% and 0%, respectively. All strains were sensitive to vancomycin except for a low resistant one. Care should be taken to choose a suitable drug when being faced with a resistant strain. Vancomycin can be used with confidence to cure infections induced by penicilin-resistant S. pneumoniae.
Preservation of guinea pig hearts by hypothermic gas perfusion (1989)

The lack of a satisfactory method for long-term preservation of hearts during transport limits the source of human hearts for transplant to the geographic vicinity of the transplant center. Experimentally, reduction of myocardial oxygen requirements with hypothermia and cardioplegia prolong storage time to 48 h, but always with some evidence of myocardial damage. In this study, the combination of hypothermia with a procedure known to increase oxygen tension in cardiac muscle, gas perfusion, preserved contractile activity in guinea pig hearts for 24 h and did not cause edema. Cardioplegia or gas perfusion at temperatures below 10 degrees C or above 20 degrees C resulted in failure of hearts to contract upon rewarming. Contracture, dehydration, elevation of tissue calcium, reduced perfusate flow, and elevated creatine kinase levels occurred if liquid reperfusion was begun at 15 degrees C but not 25 degrees C. The results suggest that under the appropriate conditions, hypothermic gas perfusion is a potentially useful means of extending storage time of hearts for transplant.
Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2002)

The purpose of this study was to increase the knowledge of the occurrence, characteristics and prognosis of uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) The population-based occurrence of uveitis (II) was 16% in 114 patients with JIA diagnosed during 1980, 1985 and 1990 in 5/21 central hospital districts in Finland (population basis about 1 300 000 inhabitants). In 49 sibling pairs with JIA (III) seen at the Rheumatism Foundation Hospital during the last 15 years uveitis was found in 26%. The observed concordance rate for uveitis did not differ from that expected., The most important determinants of associated uveitis in a prospective study of 426 children with a recent diagnosis of JIA (IV), were early onset of arthritis and antinuclear antibody positivity. In a series of 372 RF-negative JIA patients with oligoarthritis or polyarthritis (V) the clinical and laboratory parameters showed increased inflammatory activity of arthritis in 96 JIA patients with uveitis compared to the 276 without. Clinical remission of arthritis was achieved significantly less frequently in patients with uveitis than in those without. Arthritis or a comparable condition was found as the etiology in 22% of the 174 patients with severe uveitis leading to visual impairment during 1980– 1996 (VI). The greatest single group in this series comprised patients with JIA, 8%. Although uveitis associated with JIA frequently is chronic and mild, in rare refractory cases the collaboration of ophthalmologists and pediatric rheumatologists/rheumatologists is essential in determining the optimal management early in the disease course (I). This thesis is based on the following publications referred to in the text by their Roman numerals: Accepted by: Helsinki University Medical Faculty Helsinki FINLAND ISBN 952-91-3871-7 ISBN 952-10-0146-1 (pdf)
Effects of pre-weaning food presentation on response to solid feed in piglets post-weaning (2001)

Piglets commonly show a setback in growth and a low intake of solid feed on weaning at three to four weeks of age. Outdoor reared piglets, however, have been found to spend more time eating solid feed than indoor reared piglets in straw yard weaning pens (Webster and Dawkins 2000, Cox and Cooper 2001), even though outdoor piglets do not conventionally receive creep feed prior to weaning. Outdoor piglets are, furthermore, frequently observed chewing the roll nuts provided to outdoor sows. In this study, therefore, we investigated the effect of two aspects of outdoor rearing on the feeding behaviour of indoor reared piglets. These aspects were maternal facilitation of feeding and large pellet size.
Cloning and characterization of a new <i>armadillo</i> family member, p0071, associated with the junctional plaque: evidence for a subfamily of closely related proteins (1996)

Cell contacts of the adherens type are organized around transmembrane proteins of the cadherin family. Whereas the extracellular domains mediate homophilic interactions between cadherins of neighbouring cells the cytoplasmic domains organize a set of proteins into the junctional plaque. Among these junctional plaque proteins are members of the armadillo gene family, beta-catenin, plakoglobin (gamma-catenin), B6P/plakophilin and p120. These proteins are assumed to play a key role in cell cell signalling through intercellular junctions. Here we report cloning of a cDNA encoding a new armadillo family member, p0071, closely related to p120 and B6P/plakophilin and more distantly related to armadillo, plakoglobin, beta-catenin and other members of the gene family. The deduced amino acid sequence encodes a basic protein of 1,211 amino acids with a central armadillo repeat region which is conserved in sequence and organization of its ten individual motifs between p120, B6P/plakophilin and p0071. In contrast the end domains of the three proteins are variable in size and sequence. The RNA coding for p0071 is expressed in all tissues examined. Using antibodies generated against the armadillo repeat region of the protein we show that p0071 is localized at cell-cell borders and is expressed in the desmosomal plaque of some cultured epithelial cells. The protein seems to be an accessory component of the desmosomal plaque as well as of other adhesion plaques and might be involved in regulating junctional plaque organization and cadherin function. Our data provide evidence for a subfamily of armadillo related proteins that share not only structural features but also have in common their localisation in the junctional plaque. We therefore suggest that family members exert similar functions and might be involved in cell signalling through cell contacts.
NICMOS Warm Darks (2000)

NICMOS was commanded to Observe on June 19, 2000 and on June 30, 2000. A series of MULTIACCUM and ACCUM darks were executed as part of the flight software (FSW 4.0C) installation. As expected, the darks were saturated at the current temperature of ~230 o K. Real-time monitoring of the instrument during the dark observations indicates
Incidence, risk factors, and outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in adults. A multicenter prospective study in intensive care units. French ICU Group for Severe Sepsis. (1995)

Only three of four patients presenting with clinically suspected severe sepsis have documented infection. However, patients with clinically suspected sepsis but without microbiological documentation and patients with documented infection share common risk factors and are at similarly high risk of death. In addition to the severity of illness score, acute organ failures and the characteristics of underlying diseases should be accounted for in stratification of patients and outcome analyses.
Recent Developments in Properties and Protection of Copper for Electrical Uses (1966)

An outstanding property of copper and a major reason for its wide use in industry is its high electrical conductivity in relation to other metals. Greater and greater demands have been made recently by designers of electrical equipment and this, together with increasing competition from other metals and for some applications, even non-metals, has intensified the need to improve the other properties of copper.
Structure of Aqueous Sodium Aluminate Solutions:  A Solution X-ray Diffraction Study (1998)

A structural analysis of six alkaline sodium aluminate aqueous solutions by the X-ray diffraction method is reported. On average, each Al atom is surrounded by four oxygens, indicative of the predominance of Al(OH)4-(aq) in these solutions. Detailed least-squares fitting indicates that a significant contraction of the Al−O distances occurs with increasing aluminate concentration, from 1.80 Å at 2 M to 1.74 Å at 6 M Al(OH)3 in 8 M NaOH. The local structure has been described by models that have separate hydrated ions in the most dilute aluminate solution but contact sodium aluminate ion pairs in the most concentrated solution. The hydration number of the sodium ion decreases with increasing concentration, but the overall coordination number appears to be unchanged by the ion pair formation. An extensive rearrangement in the hydrogen-bonded network of bulk water also occurs as the aluminum concentration rises, with the appearance of new diffraction distances at 3.3 and 3.9 Å. A gradual appearance and disappearance of shorter hydrogen bonds between first neighboring O atoms is observed. The data are consistent with the occurrence of oligomeric aluminate species but are not conclusive within the limits of the experimental error.
The interaction of 1-methylimidazoline-2(3H)-thione with copper(II) salts (1989)

The interaction of 1-methylimidazoline-2(3H)-thione (HL1) with the appropriate copper(II) species in ethanol solution directly produces the blue mixed-valence complexes, [CuI10CuII2(L1)12(H2O)4]X2·yH2O (X = O2CMe or OH, y= 2; X = ClO4 or PF6, y= 0). With CuCl2·2H2O the product is dependent on the HL1 : Cu molar ratio. If HL1 was in excess, e.s.r. spectroscopy indicated the formation of a ‘CuIIS4’ species, viz. [Cu(HL1)4]2+, in solution. At a 3:1 (HL1:Cu) molar ratio (CuII added to HL1) the known copper(I) complex, [Cu2(HL1)4Cl2] is obtained. However, using a 1.5:1 (HL1:Cu) molar ratio, and with HL1 added to CuII, the product is a mixed-valence complex formulated as [Cu2(HL1)2Cl3]. These compounds, and others obtained with imidazolidine-2-thione (HL2) and 4,5-diphenylimidazoline-2(3H)-thione (HL3), have been characterized by spectroscopic techniques. In nitromethane solution HL1 reacts in the presence of copper to yield the chelate N-donor ligand, bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl) sulphide (L4) in the dimeric complex [Cu2(L4)2Cl4].