gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing "mixed code" (2000)

In this chapter I propose that the often taken-for-granted, commonsensical notion\nof “mixed code” as a presumably existing, stably recurring, monolithic, debased\nlanguage variety is in fact a rhetorical construct. By examining a diverse range of\ncomplex language use phenomena that can all be named “mixed code”, I argue\nthat the notion of “mixed code” as asserted in the public and official discourses\nplays an important role in naturalizing and normalizing a certain language\nideology, which, in turn, is appealed to as a rationale for a socially inequitable\nlanguage education policy. The chapter concludes with the proposal that language\nand education issues in Hong Kong can be seen in a clearer light only when the\nofficial and popular media notion of “mixed code” is problematized and\ndeconstructed, and the diverse range of social interactive actions mediated by\nmultiple language resources seen and understood in their situated contexts, and\nnot through the hidden language ideological lens of the reifying rhetorical\nconstruct of “mixed code”.
The discovery and demonstration of dynamic nuclear polarization—a personal and historical account (2010)

The paper gives some background about prewar studies of paramagnetic relaxation, the author's postwar measurements of paramagnetic relaxation using 3 cm microwaves, the beginning studies of alkali metal NMR at Illinois, Overhauser's arrival and proposal, the discovery of the ESR of conduction electrons, the experiment confirming his idea in Li and Na metals, then in solutions of Na atoms in liquid ammonia, and the realization that a form of Overhauser effect might be seen when several isotopes were present in cases where atoms were mobile. Two other experiments at Illinois inspired by the Overhauser experiments are briefly described: measurement of the spin susceptibility of conduction electrons and measurement of spin-lattice relaxation times in superconductors.
Rapid inversion of two‐ and three‐dimensional magnetotelluric data (1991)

We have developed an efficient iterative inversion method applicable to both two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional magnetotelluric data. The method approximates horizontal derivative terms with their values calculated from the fields of the previous iteration. The equations at each horizontal coordinate then become uncoupled. At each iteration this allows separate inversions for the improved conductivity profile beneath each measurement site. Resultant profiles are interpolated to form a new multidimensional model for which the fields for the next iteration are calculated. The method is extremely fast, and tests with 2D data show very promising results.
Dynamic Stability Analyses Based on ZMP of a Wheel-based Humanoid Robot (2006)

For wheel-based humanoid robot, the dynamic stability is also an important question just like for biped robot. This paper unites the new Recursive Newton-Euler method for dynamic modeling and the ZMP concept and then obtains the ZMP model of the robot. The merit of this model is that it is a function of the position, velocity and acceleration of joints in joint space and easier to realize realtime control due to less calculation. Calculation and simulation show that the waist motion takes the main effect on the dynamic stability of the robot. Using the compensation of motion of the waist, the robot can realize dynamic motion. This paper also presents the concepts of the valid stable region and stable degree for the wheel-based robot.
Link Augmentation: A Context-Based Approach to Support Adaptive Hypermedia (2001)

In today&apos;s adaptive hypermedia systems, adaptivity is provided based on accumulative data gained from observing the user. User modelling, the capturing of information about the user such as their knowledge, tasks, attitudes, interests etc., is only a small part of the global context in which the user is working. At Southampton University we have formed a model of one particular aspect of context that can be applied in different ways to the problem of linking in context. We report how that context model has been used to provide link augmentation; an existing open hypermedia technique, which has a direct application in adaptive hypermedia systems. This paper presents a technique for cross-domain adaptive navigational support by combining link augmentation with a model of the user&apos;s spatial context. KEYWORDS: (adaptive) link augmentation, linkbase, context, information finding, adaptive hypermedia
In Vitro Effect of Alkaloids on Bloodstream Forms of Trypanosoma brucei and T. congolense (2001)

The effect of 34 alkaloids of the piperidine, pyridine, tropane, isoquinoline, indole, quinolizidine, quinoline, purine, and steroidal types on the growth of Trypanosoma brucei, T. congolense, and human HL-60 cells was investigated in vitro. Berbamine, berberine, cinchonidine, cinchonine, emetine, ergotamine, quinidine, quinine, and sanguinarine showed trypanocidal activities with ED(50) (50% effective dose) values below 10 microM. Berberine, emetine, and quinidine were the most active compounds found; their ED(50) values and minimum inhibitory concentrations were comparable to those of the antitrypanosomal drugs suramin and diminazene aceturate. However, most of these compounds were also cytotoxic. In the case of emetine, the ratio of cytotoxic/trypanocidal activity was only 3 while for quinidine it was 300 indicating that this alkaloid could be a candidate for further drug development. DNA intercalation in combination with protein biosynthesis inhibition, which is the major mode of action of the active alkaloids, could be responsible for the observed trypanocidal and cytotoxic effects.
Rapid liquid phase sintered Mn doped BiFeO3 ceramics with enhanced polarization and weak magnetization (2007)

Single-phase BiFe1−xMnxO3 multiferroic ceramics have been synthesized by rapid liquid phase sintering method to study the influence of Mn substitution on their crystal structure, dielectric, magnetic, and ferroelectric behaviors. From XRD analysis it is seen that Mn substitution does not affect the crystal structure of the BiFe1−xMnxO3 system. An enhancement in magnetization was observed for BiFe1−xMnxO3 ceramics. However, the ferooelectric hysteresis loops were not really saturated, we observed a spontaneous polarization of 10.23μC∕cm2 under the applied field of 42kV∕cm and remanent polarization of 3.99μC∕cm2 for x=0.3 ceramic.
Technology and the Hubble Space Telescope satellite. (1986)

The hardware components of the HST and their capabilities are examined. The free-flying satellite observatory is 13.1-m long, 4.2-m in diameter, weighs 11,000 kg, is in a 600-km orbit, and is remotely controlled. The HST is divided into four sections: (1) optical telescope assembly, (2) support system module, (3) scientific instruments, and (4) solar arrays. The optical telescope assembly contains the f24 Cassegrain primary optics. The support system module is the host spacecraft for the optical and scientific system. The scientific instruments consist of the Wide Field Planetary Camera, Faint Object Camera, High Speed Photometer, Faint Object Spectrograph, and High Resolution Spectrograph; and the 48,760 solar cells are deployed on-orbit in a window shade fashion. Consideration is given to the operation and maintenance of the HST.
Yield of Stool Culture with Isolate Toxin Testing versus a Two-Step Algorithm Including Stool Toxin Testing for Detection of Toxigenic <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2007)

We examined the incremental yield of stool culture (with toxin testing on isolates) versus our two-step algorithm for optimal detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile. Per the two-step algorithm, stools were screened for C. difficile-associated glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) antigen and, if positive, tested for toxin by a direct (stool) cell culture cytotoxicity neutralization assay (CCNA). In parallel, stools were cultured for C. difficile and tested for toxin by both indirect (isolate) CCNA and conventional PCR if the direct CCNA was negative. The "gold standard" for toxigenic C. difficile was detection of C. difficile by the GDH screen or by culture and toxin production by direct or indirect CCNA. We tested 439 specimens from 439 patients. GDH screening detected all culture-positive specimens. The sensitivity of the two-step algorithm was 77% (95% confidence interval [CI], 70 to 84%), and that of culture was 87% (95% CI, 80 to 92%). PCR results correlated completely with those of CCNA testing on isolates (29/29 positive and 32/32 negative, respectively). We conclude that GDH is an excellent screening test and that culture with isolate CCNA testing detects an additional 23% of toxigenic C. difficile missed by direct CCNA. Since culture is tedious and also detects nontoxigenic C. difficile, we conclude that culture is most useful (i) when the direct CCNA is negative but a high clinical suspicion of toxigenic C. difficile remains, (ii) in the evaluation of new diagnostic tests for toxigenic C. difficile (where the best reference standard is essential), and (iii) in epidemiologic studies (where the availability of an isolate allows for strain typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing).
Ring‐Opening Polymerization with Synergistic Co‐monomers: Access to a Boronate‐Functionalized Polymeric Monolith for the Specific Capture of <i>cis</i>‐Diol‐Containing Biomolecules under Neutral Conditions (2009)

Molekulare Teamarbeit: Synergistische Comonomere in einem Boronat-funktionalisierten Polymermonolithen wirken wie ein einzelner Boronsäureligand vom Wulff-Typ und ermöglichen die spezifische Bindung von cis-Diol-Biomolekülen unter neutralen Bedingungen (siehe Schema). Beim Ansäuern des Mediums wird die Aminogruppe protoniert und die B-N-Koordination aufgehoben, was zur Freisetzung des cis-Diols vom Monolithen führt.
A dual-issue RISC processor for multimedia signal processing (2002)

The paper presents the architecture of a newly developed dual issue RISC processor, D10V, that achieves both high throughput signal processing capability and maintains flexibility for general purpose applications. To achieve adequate performance for signal processing, this RISC processor operates both a MAC unit and a memory access unit in parallel, where two word data memory access is supported. As the result of several benchmarks illustrate, the D10V competes favorably and in some instances outperforms conventional DSPs.
Web Sights (1996)

Presents an up-to-date review of new services and applications supported on the Web via the Internet.
Asymptotic Freeness Almost Everywhere for Random Matrices (1999)

Voiculescu’s asymptotic freeness result for random matrices is improved to the sense of almost everywhere convergence. The asymptotic freeness almost everywhere is first shown for standard unitary matrices based on the computation of multiple moments of their entries, and then it is shown for rather general unitarily invariant selfadjoint random matrices (in particular, standard selfadjoint Gaussian matrices) by applying the first result to the unitary parts of their diagonalization. Bi-unitarily invariant non-selfadjoint random matrices are also treated via polar decomposition.
Nonuniform Ca2+ transients in arrhythmogenic Purkinje cells that survive in the infarcted canine heart (2003)

Micro Ca(2+) transients preceded cell-wide Ca(2+) waves so often that it is probable that micro Ca(2+) transients induced cell-wide Ca(2+) waves. Cell-wide Ca(2+) waves, in turn, clearly elicited spontaneous APs. We propose that the high incidence of micro Ca(2+) transients in IZPCs is a fundamental element of the abnormal Ca(2+) handling of diseased Purkinje cells, underlying arrhythmias originating in the subendocardial Purkinje network post myocardial infarction.
Evaluation by Moments: Past and Future (2000)

This book presents the definitive exposition of 'prospect theory', a compelling alternative to the classical utility theory of choice. Building on the 1982 volume, Judgement Under Uncertainty, this book brings together seminal papers on prospect theory from economists, decision theorists, and psychologists, including the work of the late Amos Tversky, whose contributions are collected here for the first time. While remaining within a rational choice framework, prospect theory delivers more accurate, empirically verified predictions in key test cases, as well as helping to explain many complex, real-world puzzles. In this volume, it is brought to bear on phenomena as diverse as the principles of legal compensation, the equity premium puzzle in financial markets, and the number of hours that New York cab drivers choose to drive on rainy days. Theoretically elegant and empirically robust, this volume shows how prospect theory has matured into a new science of decision making.
Switch Bootstrapping for Precise Sampling Beyond Supply Voltage (2006)

Abstract—Bootstrapped switches are used in a variety of appli-cations including DC–DC converters, pipelined analog-to-digital converters and high voltage switches and drivers. Current work on highly integrated power management applications often requires the ability to measure voltage quantities that exceed the supply voltage in magnitude. This is primarily due to a basic need to max-imize efficiency by running the power management IC on as low supply voltage as possible, while still maintaining the ability to sample and measure quantities from the surroundings that could well exceed the battery voltage. In this paper, a new bootstrapped switch is presented. The switch enables the precise sampling of input signals well greater than the chip supply voltage with no static power consumption, and without activating on-chip parasitic body diodes. The bootstrapped switch, presented here, is designed to sample an input signal with a 0–5.5-V range at a supply voltage of 2.75 V. Measurement data shows functionality for a 0–6-V input signal range with a supply voltage as low as 1.2 V. Index Terms—Analog-to-digital converters, bootstrap, power management, switch. I.
Effect of tunicamycin on expression of epitopes on Japanese encephalitis virus glycoprotein E in porcine kidney cells. (2000)

The effect of tunicamycin (Tm), a glycosylation inhibitor, on the epitopes expressed on Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) glycoprotein E (gpE) in porcine kidney stable (PS) cells was studied. At Tm concentration of 2 micrograms/ml, the virus-infected cells showed markedly reduced or no reactivity with any of the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed against JEV gpE except NHs-2 and also with polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) directed against JEV. With the increase in Tm concentration to 3 micrograms/ml, a complete loss of the conventionally detected reactivity of the MAbs except NHs-2 was recorded, while the Pabs showed no decrease in their reactivity. However, the MAb NHs-2 and PAbs lost their reactivity when the cells treated with 3 micrograms/ml Tm were stained for epitopes expressed on their surface indicating that glycosylation plays a role in this phenomenon. Tissue culture fluid (TCF) displayed a low virus content in the presence of 3 micrograms/ml Tm, indicating probably a down-regulation of virus maturation inside the cells. Since preM and NS-1 proteins possess besides gpE conserved N-glycosylation sites and play a role in the maturation of JEV, their expression in nascent, i.e. non-glycosylated form might be responsible for the observed low virus content of TCF. Thus, the glycosylation of JEV gpE seems essential for the acquisition of native conformation of its epitopes and their expression in cells.
Prevalence of headache and migraine in schoolchildren (1994)

Migraine is a common cause of headache in children and causes significantly reduced school attendance.
Quantum nondemolition charge measurement of a Josephson qubit (2005)

In a qubit system, the measurement operator does not necessarily commute with the qubit Hamiltonian, so that the readout process demolishes (mixes) the qubit energy eigenstates. The readout time is therefore limited by such a mixing time and its fidelity will be reduced. A quantum nondemolition readout scheme is proposed in which the charge of a flux qubit is measured. The measurement operator is shown to commute with the qubit Hamiltonian in the reduced two-level Hilbert space, even though the Hamiltonian contains noncommuting charge and flux terms.
Abnormal expression of cell cycle regulators in FUS-CHOP carrying liposarcomas (2004)

Myxoid/round cell liposarcomas (MLS/RCLS) are characterized by chromosome translocations that result in formation of FUS-CHOP or EWSR1-CHOP fusion oncogenes. More than 95% of the tumors carry one of these fusion genes. FUS-CHOP transforms 3T3 cells and causes MLS/RCLS-like tumors in transgenic mice. The fusion oncoproteins act as abnormal transcription factors and are believed to induce abnormal expression of growth controlling genes as part of their transforming activities. The aim of this study was to search for recurrent abnormal expression patterns of cell cycle regulating proteins and growth factor receptors. A series of 14 MLS/RCLS, 2 MLS/RCLS derived cell lines and a FUS-CHOP transfected human sarcoma cell line were analyzed using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and cDNA microarray based screening. The results revealed a highly abnormal expression pattern of several growth controlling proteins. The G1 cyclins D1 and E and their associated kinases CDK4 and CDK2 were strongly overexpressed in all of the tumors. High expression levels were also found for Cdk4/6 inhibitor P16 and CDK2 inhibitors P27 and P57. The growth factor tyrosine kinase receptors PDGFRB and EGFR were present in most cells of all investigated tumors. We conclude that deregulation of G1 controlling proteins is common in MLS/RCLS and that aberrant expression of these proteins is of importance in the pathogenesis of this tumor type.
A secure dynamic data aggregation system for citizen safety in emergency response scenarios (2012)

Nowadays, there is an increasing need to expedite the response to emergencies, such as natural disasters, crime scenes, and accidents. Thus, it is important to come up with response systems that assist in disaster relief operations. Information aggregated from these systems have to be timely and accurate so that informed decisions are taken to properly guide responses. Examples include response to fire or a car accident. In this research we show the design and implementation of a secure system which gives citizens the capability to report information to a specific station through the use of their cell phones. Any citizen registered to the service has the capability to report incidents using photos and text. In order to avoid false or malicious reporting, the system combines user and phone authentication, geolocation, and time stamping, among other attributes. The system automatically records and categorizes text and images on a map based on geographic coordinates. This system provides higher safety and security for citizens as well as a quick and efficient way to aggregate intelligence. Further, it can be utilized in scenarios where there is a need to allow multiple mobile agents (e.g., researchers) collect information over a widespread area (e.g., forest explorations).
A High-Rate, Long-Life, Lithium Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte Battery (2001)

This paper describes a novel type of rechargeable lithium polymer battery based on the combination of a nanocomposite electrolyte and a cathode of the phospho-olivine family. The results demonstrate features, in terms of power capability and cyclability, largely exceeding those so far reported for conventional lithium polymer batteries. These unique performances make this battery suitable for electric vehicle application. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
First step in a PC cluster development with openMosix (2004)

Abstract:- It is possible to make high calculation capacity machines by the interconnection of equipments with high speed networks. This kind of systems is called distributed systems and nowadays they are the most used technology in order to resolve problems that require high calculation capacity. Thus, computer clusters are being developed. Clustering allows multiple computers to work together to solve common computing problems. In this paper, one of the different types of clusters is presented, openMosix. The work also evaluates the cluster by two case studies, where the execution time of the solved problems is improved.
Pacemaker induced diaphragmatic contractions. (1979)

In this paper, popular model reduction techniques from the fields of structural dynamics, numerical mathematics and systems and control are reviewed and compared. The motivation for such a comparison stems from the fact the model reduction techniques in these fields have been developed fairly independently. In addition, the insight obtained by the comparison allows for making a motivated choice for a particular model reduction technique, on the basis of the desired objectives and properties of the model reduction problem. In particular, a detailed review is given on mode displacement techniques, moment matching methods and balanced truncation, whereas important extensions are outlined briefly. In addition, a qualitative comparison of these methods is presented, hereby focussing both on theoretical and computational aspects. Finally, the differences are illustrated on a quantitative level by means of application of the model reduction techniques to a common example.
Cyclopropanes from αβ-unsaturated esters by the dimethylsulphoxonium methylide reaction (1967)

Reaction between αβ-unsaturated esters and dimethylsulphoxonium methylide gives cyclopropane-carboxylic esters in good yield. A new and improved method, using NN-dimethylformamide as solvent, is described. The u.v. spectra of cyclopropane esters and ketones are discussed.
Tandem duplication of the <i>FLC</i> locus and the origin of a new gene in <i>Arabidopsis</i> related species and their functional implications in allopolyploids (2010)

Flowering time is an important adaptive trait and varies among Arabidopsis thaliana and its related species, including allopolyploids that are formed between A. thaliana and Arabidopsis arenosa. FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) inhibits early flowering in A. thaliana. A previous study showed that late-flowering A. arenosa contained two or more FLC alleles that were differentially expressed in Arabidopsis allotetraploids, but the genomic organization and evolution of FLC locus were unknown. Comparative sequence and evolutionary analyses were performed in FLC-containing genomic regions in A. thaliana, A. arenosa and Arabidopsis lyrata, and expression of FLC loci and alleles was examined in Arabidopsis allopolyploids. The FLC locus was tandemly duplicated in A. lyrata and triplicated in A. arenosa, and the tandem duplication event occurred after divergence from A. thaliana. Although FLC duplicates were highly conserved, their upstream sequences rapidly diverged. The third FLC copy in A. arenosa acquired a new splicing site through a point mutation in the intron and generated the new exon followed by an early stop codon, resulting in a novel MADS box gene. Flowering time variation in Arabidopsis allopolyploids is probably related to the expression diversity and/or copy number of multiple FLC loci. Moreover, exonization of intronic sequence is a mechanism for the origin of new genes.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase promotes neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression (2007)

Our study suggests that eNOS promotes neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting TIMP-3 expression.