gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Issues concerning relative speed of processing hypotheses, schizophrenic performance deficits, and prefrontal function: Comment on Schooler et al. (1997). (1997)

1997) article to be interesting and of potential value in constraining the further development of detailed theoretical models of Stroop performance.However, the authors have found that the relative speed of processing account of stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) effects given by Schooler et al. in Experiment 1 fails to address several important and vexing issues faced by such accounts, which have been highlighted by existing formal models.The authors also have expressed concerns about Schooler et al.'s, interpretation of the reduction in Stroop interference observed among individuals with schizophrenia in Experiment 2. Whereas the authors have acknowledged that it is plausible to relate this to a dysfunction of prefrontal cortex, they have pointed to equally plausible alternative explanations, which are not addressed by the experiment or in the discussion in the Schooler et al. article.Schooler, Neumann, Caplan, and Roberts (1997) have presented interesting new data regarding the performance of both normal participants and participants with schizophrenia in the Stroop task.We concur with their conclusion that these data are potentially valuable as empirical constraints on the further development of formal models of performance in this task.However, we have several concerns about the theoretical conclusions they have drawn from the results of their two experiments.Experiment 1: Relative Speed of Processing Schooler et al. (1997) have accounted for the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) effects that they have observed in this experiment in terms of the relative speed of processing of words and colors.Specifically, they have argued that the peak in interference observed at the +100-ms SOA was evidence that words are processed more rapidly than colors.This is not a new account and until recently was the dominant explanation offered for the central finding in Stroop experiments: that words interfere with colors but not the reverse.
Treatment with nafarelin for endometriosis in young women. Efficacy, safety and lipid metabolism. Niigata Nafarelin Study Group. (2000)

Twenty-four-week nafarelin treatment for clinical endometriosis symptoms in women < or = 29 years was safe and effective.
RESEARCH OF MICRO TRAIL BIOSENSOR (2005)

TRAIL,one of the new tumor necrosis factors,induces apoptosis in human melanoma cells but not in healthy cells.This feature makes it a prime candidate for cancer treatment in the future.The structure and basic working principle of a type of micro TRAIL biosensor are presented.The biosensor is based on the hydrogen ion fieldistor and constructed with the combination of the characteristics of immunity.The sensor uses protein A and TRAIL antibody sensitive membrane as the ISFET gate through absorbing process.Experiments have been performed with the sensor,and the result shows the following:response time 3～5 min;measurement range 0.1～100 mg/L and less amount of specimen is needed.The result also shows its positive significance in clinical cancer treatment.
Simultaneous two-view epipolar geometry estimation and motion segmentation by 4D tensor voting (2004)

We address the problem of simultaneous two-view epipolar geometry estimation and motion segmentation from nonstatic scenes. Given a set of noisy image pairs containing matches of n objects, we propose an unconventional, efficient, and robust method, 4D tensor voting, for estimating the unknown n epipolar geometries, and segmenting the static and motion matching pairs into n independent motions. By considering the 4D isotropic and orthogonal joint image space, only two tensor voting passes are needed, and a very high noise to signal ratio (up to five) can be tolerated. Epipolar geometries corresponding to multiple, rigid motions are extracted in succession. Only two uncalibrated frames are needed, and no simplifying assumption (such as affine camera model or homographic model between images) other than the pin-hole camera model is made. Our novel approach consists of propagating a local geometric smoothness constraint in the 4D joint image space, followed by global consistency enforcement for extracting the fundamental matrices corresponding to independent motions. We have performed extensive experiments to compare our method with some representative algorithms to show that better performance on nonstatic scenes are achieved. Results on challenging data sets are presented.
Knowing When to Slide - Efficient Scheduling for Sliding Window Processing (2009)

We consider sliding window query execution scheduling in stream processing engines. Sliding windows are an essential building block to limit the query focus at a particular part of the stream, based either on value count or time ranges. These so called sliding window predicates specify the execution condition for the query. Due to the often massive amount of registered queries, efficient algorithms to check these predicates are essential. While there exists a comprehensive set of works on the stream processing techniques, the actual algorithms to intelligently decide on the sliding behaviors is not extensively addressed in the existing works. In this paper we propose a set of algorithms for managing and sharing sliding decisions. This work introduces the concept of the batch sliding and sliding graphs to improve the sliding decision of the stream processing engines. Our algorithms can be efficiently used in large-scale stream processing systems where data arrives at high rates and a large number of user queries are registered to these data streams. Our evaluation results show the suitability of this approach in the real world applications.
The Principles of the Light Valve (1932)

The light valve has been used very widely as the modulating device in systems of film sound recording. In this paper the principles of operation of the light valve are discussed, and those engineering factors which prescribe limitations on performance and indicate operating advantages are described in detail. The type of distortion which results when a light valve is overloaded is depicted both for single-plane and two-plane valves. Finally, a new type of light valve having advantages from the standpoints of weight, size, and stability of operation is described.
[GnRH receptor and the regulation of its gene expression]. (1998)

The function of GnRH(gonadotropin-releasing hormone, LHRH) is mediated by GnRH receptor (GnRHR). The study on GnRHR is one of the highlights in neuroendocrinology and reproductive biology. The latest study of GnRHR, including molecular structure of GnRHR, regulation of GnRHR gene expression, distribution of GnRHR, the regulation of GnRHR by peptide and steroid hormone, as well as signal transduction mediated by GnRHR, are reviewed in the present article. Studies on GnRHR will make great contribution to the understanding of the regulation of reproduction and its action for therapy of malignant tumor.
Prove sperimentali per la valutazione della durabilità di malte da intonaco: primi risultati (2000)

<p>Background Evidence from developed countries showed that medication errors are common and harmful. Little is known about medication errors in resource-restricted settings, including Vietnam. Objectives To determine the prevalence and potential clinical outcome of medication preparation and administration errors, and to identify factors associated with errors. Methods This was a prospective study conducted on six wards in two urban public hospitals in Vietnam. Data of preparation and administration errors of oral and intravenous medications was collected by direct observation, 12 hours per day on 7 consecutive days, on each ward. Multivariable logistic regression was applied to identify factors contributing to errors. Results In total, 2060 out of 5271 doses had at least one error. The error rate was 39.1%(95% confidence interval 37.8%- 40.4%). Experts judged potential clinical outcomes as minor, moderate, and severe in 72 (1.4%), 1806 (34.2%) and 182 (3.5%) doses. Factors associated with errors were drug characteristics (administration route, complexity of preparation, drug class; all p values &lt;0.001), and administration time (drug round, p = 0.023; day of the week, p = 0.024). Several interactions between these factors were also significant. Nurse experience was not significant. Higher error rates were observed for intravenous medications involving complex preparation procedures and for anti-infective drugs. Slightly lower medication error rates were observed during afternoon rounds compared to other rounds. Conclusions Potentially clinically relevant errors occurred in more than a third of all medications in this large study conducted in a resource-restricted setting. Educational interventions, focusing on intravenous medications with complex preparation procedure, particularly antibiotics, are likely to improve patient safety.</p>
Bistability in inhomogeneously pumped quantum well laser diodes (1988)

Hysteresis has been observed in the light-current characteristics of inhomogeneously pumped GaAs/AlGaAs laser diodes with both MQW and bulk GaAs active layers. Bistable action was observed in both types of device, at switching speeds suggesting that electronic mechanisms were responsible for saturation of the absorption in the passive region of each structure. In the MQW case, the wavelength of operation of the device suggested saturation of the excitonic absorption.
Aristotle on Moral Knowledge - J. Donald Monan: Moral Knowledge and its Methodology in Aristotle, Pp. xiii+163. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968. Cloth, 38<i>s</i>. net. (1970)

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D-mystifying the D-root address change (2013)

On January 3, 2013, the D-root DNS server hosted at the University of Maryland changed IP address. To avoid service disruption, the old address continues to answer queries. In this paper, we perform an initial investigation of the traffic at both the new and old addresses before, during, and since the flag day. The data we collected show non-obvious behavior: the overall query volume to the D-roots increases by roughly 50%, the old address continues to receive a high volume of queries months after the changeover, and far more queries to the old address succeed than those to the new one. Our analysis provides a window into how compliant resolvers change over and how non-standard and seemingly malicious resolvers react (or not) to the IP address change. We provide evidence that a relatively small number of implementation errors account for nearly all discrepancies that are not misconfigurations or attacks.
Surgical treatment of acute type A dissecting aneurysm, with preservation of the native aortic valve and use of biologic glue. Follow-up to 6 years. (1992)

We present an analysis of 59 patients operated on between 1983 and 1987 for acute type A dissecting aneurysm with aortic valve insufficiency. The ascending aorta was replaced with a Dacron tube, the layers of the dissection were unified with gelatin-resorcine-formaldehyde glue, and the natural aortic valve was preserved. Follow-up every 6 months was subject to actuarial analysis. The hospital mortality rate was 22%. The survivors were studied for 35.9 +/- 18.6 months (mean +/- standard deviation). Eight patients died (six of cardiovascular causes, one of cancer of the colon, and one of an unknown cause). Seventeen (36.9%) had aortic insufficiency, eight mild and nine moderate to severe. Four patients with severe insufficiency had reoperation with valve replacement. Excluding patients who have died or undergone reoperation, 29 of the remainder (90.6%) are free of symptoms. The follow-up survival rate is 61% +/- 6.93% (standard error) including hospital mortality. It is 55.4% +/- 7% (standard error) excluding reoperation and 44.2% +/- 7.1% (standard error) additionally excluding modest or severe aortic insufficiency. The use of gelatin-resorcine-formal glue allowed preservation of the native aortic valve, obviating the need for anticoagulants, and no embolic or hemorrhagic episodes were registered.
The Raman spectroscopy of ionic liquids : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Chemical Physics at Massey University, New Zealand (2007)

Raman and infrared spectra were recorded for the 1omc liquids [CH3N(C4Hs)But[(F3CSO2)2N]", [Et3NHt[(octyl)PO2H]", [Bu4Nt[(hexyl)PO2H]",\nand [Bu4Pt[(octyl)2PO2]" and was compared to spectra calculated by Gaussian 03 using the density functional theory method B3LYP. The experimental and calculated spectra were found to be very similar, indicating that no underlying anomalous effects were perturbing the vibrational modes. The peaks of the experimental and calculated Raman and infrared spectra were found to be broad and intertwined, because of the close proximity of numerous vibrational bands.\nThe differential and absolute scattering cross sections of selected bands of the ionic liquids were determined using a method of comparing the area of the ionic liquid's peak to standards of known cross section (cyclohexane, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile). Differential and absolute cross sections were determined experimentally at wavelengths 416 nm, 487 nm, 5 I 4 nm, 532 nm and 633 nm. A-term plots were constructed with these results to obtain the coupling constant and the effective excited state energy. These parameters allowed the calculation of the differential and absolute scattering cross sections at any wavelength.\nThis project is the first in a series of investigations to determine the electron transfer rate of ionic liquids and determine their suitability as materials in new devices.
Identification of Preisach hysteresis model parameters using genetic algorithms (2017)

Preisach model is widely used to characterize ferromagnetic material's hysteresis. Thus, it is necessary to identify its parameters in order to complete magnetic hysteresis modeling successfully. In this paper, a stochastic identification method, Genetic algorithm, is implemented. The procedure consists of the minimization of the error between measurements and program results. Obtained results are compared with the classical nonlinear least square identification method and experimental hysteresis of a fully-process non oriented Fe-3 wt%Si steel sheet.
The WOMAN Trial (World Maternal Antifibrinolytic Trial): tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: an international randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial (2010)

The Trial aims to determine the effect of early administration of tranexamic acid on mortality, hysterectomy and other morbidities (surgical interventions, blood transfusion, risk of non-fatal vascular events) in women with clinically diagnosed postpartum haemorrhage. The use of health services and safety, especially thromboembolic effect, on breastfed babies will also be assessed. The trial will be a large, pragmatic, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial among 15,000 women with a clinical diagnosis of postpartum haemorrhage. All legally adult women with clinically diagnosed postpartum haemorrhage following vaginal delivery of a baby or caesarean section will potentially be eligible. The fundamental eligibility criterion is the responsible clinician's 'uncertainty' as to whether or not to use an antifibrinolytic agent in a particular woman with postpartum haemorrhage. Treatment will entail a dose of tranexamic acid (1 gram by intravenous injection) or placebo (sodium chloride 0.9%) will be given as soon as possible after randomisation. A second dose may be given if after 30 minutes bleeding continues, or if it stops and restarts within 24 hours after the first dose. The main analyses will be on an 'intention to treat' basis, irrespective of whether the allocated treatment was received or not. Subgroup analyses for the primary outcome will be based on type of delivery; administration or not of prophylactic uterotonics; and on whether the clinical decision to consider trial entry was based primarily on estimated blood loss alone or on haemodynamic instability. A study with 15,000 women will have over 90% power to detect a 25% reduction from 4% to 3% in the primary endpoint of mortality or hysterectomy.
Use of soymilk as a storage medium for avulsed teeth (2012)

The present study shows that the efficacy of soymilk in maintaining the viability of 3T3 fibroblasts is similar to that of HBSS and milk. Therefore, it can be concluded that soymilk could be a suitable alternative storage medium for avulsed teeth.
Neural network based model for classification of music type (2002)

We can easily tell which type of music, like pop or classic, is played after listening to a few seconds of the music. But when looking at signal representation of the music, no clear difference can be seen. We propose a new approach to recognize the music type, using a multi-layer neural network as the decision making system. The presented model for classifying two types of music showed 100% success with a simple model based on a neural network.
Wearable Health Systems and Applications: The Contribution of Information &amp; Communication Technologies (2005)

The interest for wearable health systems originates mainly from the need to extend health services out of the hospital and monitor patients over extensive periods of time. Smart Wearable Health Systems (SWHS) are integrated systems in contact with or near to the body able to sense, (and/or act), process and communicate biomedical and physical parameters. Significant advances in biomedical technology, materials engineering, micro/nanotechnologies and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) lead to new possibilities for increasing miniaturisation, communication capabilities and system "intelligence". The new possibilities for wearable monitoring are mainly provided at the level of microsensors, wrist and other body worn devices, and smart biomedical clothing. Research and development in these areas has been strongly supported through public funding and private investments worldwide. In Europe the major R&D activities were promoted and supported by the European Commission, Information Society Technologies (IST) programme, mainly through health telematics (telemedicine, e-Health) and micro-nano technologies activities. The aim of these projects was the development and testing of innovative integrated user-friendly systems, environments and scenarios of use that could lead to market exploitation in a short to mid term future (3-5 years). This paper presents the rationale and the results of research on wearable health systems in Europe and comments on the current challenges and futures perspectives in the field.
Creating a bird-eye view map using an omnidirectional camera (2008)

An omnidirectional camera has properties which are highly beneficial for navigation of a mobile robot. In this paper this is demonstrated with a new application; a visual map of the environment created from bird-eye view perspective. This visual map can be created on-line, which allows an operator to navigate the robot through an unknown environment based on this visual map. The quality of the map is tested in a self-localization experiment. 1
A morphological study of the role of phagocytes in the clearance of Staphylococcus aureus from the lung. (1983)

A nonlethal dose of Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated into the mainstem bronchus of mice in order to study the influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). The goal was to determine the routes of entry of PMN into the lung following bacterial challenge, the relative importance of PMN as compared to alveolar macrophages (AM) in the uptake of S aureus, and the role of lymphatics in clearance of intact microorganisms. Resident AM took up S aureus within minutes of inoculation, but PMN were subsequently recruited to the lung and were the predominant cell containing S aureus by 4 hours following inoculation. PMN were recruited from arteries, capillaries, and venules. Emigration of PMN into alveolar spaces occurred between type I epithelial cells as well as between type I and type II epithelial cells. Lymphatics played only a minor role in the clearance of S aureus.
Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis of neurocranial suturectomy in rabbits (1984)

This investigation was conducted to further elucidate both the significance of a calvarial suture and the compensatory ability of the cranial vault. Four-week-old male New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to unilateral or bilateral extirpation of the coronal suture after insertion of metallic markers, and were then followed regularly by roentgen stereophotogrammetry until age 21 weeks. Bilateral extirpation of the normal coronal suture resulted in a dramatically increased initial rate of bone separation, which tended to remain supranormal for the rest of the investigation. Unilateral suturectomy showed differences in growth between the sides, the operated side initially separating significantly more than the other. Volumetric calvarial growth in rabbits with unilateral extirpation terminated similar to that in control animals, while volumes in rabbits with bilateral extirpations constantly exceeded control volumes, finally exceeding these by 65%. Responses at intact sutures confirmed the compensatory capacity of cranial vaults. The results indicate that the passive longitudinal and volumetric cranial vault bone growth responds quickly to growth disturbances, thereby demonstrating its plasticity, and that the neurocranial suture is a restraining and modulating component in cranial growth.
Vibrotactile Perception: Differential Effects of Frequency, Amplitude, and Acceleration (2006)

High-frequency vibrations are an essential part of numerous manipulation tasks. A promising research area in particular are telemanipulation tasks where vibrations occurring in the remote environment are fed back through tactile displays. Two experiments concerning the perception of vibrations were conducted. The first experiment aims at determining whether vibrations are coded primarily by frequency, amplitude, or acceleration by human subjects. Results show that primarily frequency and amplitude, but not acceleration of the vibrations were perceived. In the second experiment, subjects' just noticeable difference (JND) for frequency under different conditions was examined. The resulting JND of 18% for frequencies showed neither dependence on amplitude or acceleration, which were independently held constant, nor on the reference frequencies. Therefore, it is not necessary to adjust the subjective intensity for vibrations for each human operator when designing tactile displays
数学实验：例子、方法及其意义 (2007)

数学严格性的目的就是要认可直观的崇拜者并给予合法的地位，再也没有其他的目的了．——Jaucques Hadamard 如果数学是恰如物理学那样地描述客观世界的话，那么就没有理由认为归纳法不应该用于数学，就像归纳法用于物理学一样．——Kurt Godel
Multiscale Facial Expression Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks. (2002)

Automatic face analysis has to cope with pose and lighting variations. Especially pose variations are difficult to tackle and many face analysis methods require the use of sophisticated normalization procedures. We propose a data-driven face analysis approach that is not only capable of extracting features relevant to a given face analysis task, but is also robust with regard to face location changes and scale variations. This is achieved by deploying convolutional neural networks. We show that the use of multi-scale feature extractors and whole-field feature map summing neurons allow to improve facial expression recognition results, especially with test sets that feature scale, respectively, translation changes.