gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (<i>Amaranthus palmeri</i>) in Cotton with Resistance to Glyphosate, 2,4-D, and Glufosinate (2014)

Field experiments were conducted in Macon County, Georgia, during 2010 and 2011 to determine the impact of new herbicide-resistant cotton and respective herbicide systems on the control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Sequential POST applications of 2,4-D or glufosinate followed by diuron plus MSMA directed at layby (late POST-directed) controlled Palmer amaranth 62 to 79% and 46 to 49% at harvest when the initial application was made to 8- or 18–cm-tall Palmer amaranth, in separate trials, respectively. Mixtures of glufosinate plus 2,4-D applied sequentially followed by the layby controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 97% regardless of Palmer amaranth height. Mixing glyphosate with 2,4-D improved control beyond that observed with 2,4-D alone, but control was still only 79 to 86% at harvest depending on 2,4-D rate. Sequential applications of glyphosate plus 2,4-D controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 96% following the use of either pendimethalin or fomesafen. Seed cotton yield was at least 30% higher with 2,4-D plus glufosinate systems compared to systems with either herbicide alone. The addition of pendimethalin and/or fomesafen PRE did not improve Palmer amaranth control or yields when glufosinate plus 2,4-D were applied sequentially followed by the layby. The addition of these residual herbicides improved at harvest control (87 to 96%) when followed by sequential applications of 2,4-D or 2,4-D plus glyphosate; yields from these systems were similar to those with glufosinate plus 2,4-D. Comparison of 2,4-D and 2,4-DB treatments confirmed that 2,4-D is a more effective option for the control of Palmer amaranth. Results from these experiments suggest cotton with resistance to glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D will improve Palmer amaranth management. At-plant residual herbicides should be recommended for consistent performance of all 2,4-D systems across environments, although cotton with resistance to glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D will allow greater flexibility in selecting PRE herbicide(s), which should reduce input costs, carryover concerns, and crop injury when compared to current systems.
Minutes of the Board of Directors Meeting, Weed Science Society of America, Friday, February 14, 1992 (1992)

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Error signal artifact in apertureless scanning near-fiel microcospy (2006)

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Memory effect in an incommensurate phase of barium sodium niobate (1995)

Abstract In order to investigate a microstructure giving rise to a memory effect in the incommensurate phase of barium sodium niobate (BSN), in-situ observations of a tetragonal-to-incommensurate phase transition were made in both non-annealed and annealed samples by means of a transmission electron microscope. Note that only the annealed sample exhibits the memory effect found in the incommensurate phase of BSN. In a case of the non-annealed sample, when the sample is cooled from the high-temperature tetragonal phase, a region having a plate-shaped contrast, a microdomain structure, appears around 260°C, together with a region having the dot-shaped contrast. From the examination of the contrast reverse in the satellite dark field images with different reflection spots, the microdomain structure is understood to be composed of two 1q ferroelastic microdomains and can be regarded as the 2q tetragonal state in an average structure. The region of the dot-shaped contrast is, on the other hand, the 1q orthorhombic state. On further cooling in the incommensurate phase, the microdomain structure disappears while large 1q ferroelastic domains are formed around 220°C. In the annealed sample, however, the microdomain structure never disappears even at room temperature and appears reversibly during the heating and cooling processes. From these experimental results, the appearance of the memory effect is understood to originate from the stabilization of the microdomain structure regarded as the 2q state.
Development and evaluation of two speech intelligibility tests for Francophone listeners (2009)

status: Published
Stimulation of Canine Gastric Motility by BRL 24924, a New Gastric Prokinetic Agent (1990)

We describe the actions and pharmacology of BRL 24924, a new gastric prokinetic agent, in conscious dogs. In Heidenhain pouch preparations, BRL 24924 (0.01–0.16 mg/kg i.v.) is a potent stimulant of interdigestive phasic motility (increases in intraluminal pressure), approximately 50 times more potent than metoclopramide. The stimulatory effect of BRL 24924 (0.025 mg/kg i.v.) was prevented by atropine (0.1 mg/kg s.c.). It was initially unaffected by hexamethonium (5 mg/kg i.v.), but hexamethonium prevented BRL 24924 from causing sustained stimulation of motility. The stimulatory activity of BRL 24924 (0.025 mg/kg i.v.) was unaffected by propranolol (3 mg/kg i.v.) or by phentolamine (1 mg/kg i.v.). The selective 5‐hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor antagonist granisetron (BRL 43694; 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg i.v.) neither mimicked nor prevented the stimulatory actions of BRL 24924. In dogs with a gastric fistula, the gastric emptying of a liquid test meal was accelerated following BRL 24924 (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) but was unaffected by granisetron (0.1 and 1 mg/kg i.v.). We conclude that BRL 24924 is a potent, long‐lasting, and effective stimulant of canine gastric motility, which accelerates gastric emptying. The pharmacology of BRL 24924 is discussed in terms of its relationship with myenteric 5‐hydroxytryptamine receptors.
Effect of heat stress on tomato fruit protein expression (2000)

We delayed the ripening of tomato fruit for several days (average 5 days) by a 1-day heat treatment at 37-42 degrees C. We analyzed the tomato fruit pericarp proteins, which were altered by the heat stress, using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Heat stress caused about 23.7% of the proteins in the pericarp to disappear and about 1.1% of new proteins to appear. We determined their apparent molecular mass, isoelectric point, and N-terminal amino acid sequence. Identified proteins included antioxidant enzymes, heat shock proteins, cell-wall-related proteins, etc.
Maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 5 in a family with diabetes and mild kidney disease diagnosed by whole exome sequencing (2014)

Exome sequencing is being increasingly used to identify disease-associated gene mutations. We used whole exome sequencing to determine the genetic basis of a syndrome of diabetes and renal disease affecting a mother and her son. We identified a mutation in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-b (HNF1B) gene that encoded a methionine to valine amino acid change (M160V) in the HNF1B protein. This leads us to the previously unappreciated diagnosis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 5 and provided a basis for genetic counselling of other family members.
Ender Rod Versus Compression Screw Fixation of Hip Fractures (1985)

Eighty-seven matched pairs of patients with extracapsular hip fractures were treated with either Ender rod or compression screw and plate fixation. The data obtained both perioperatively and from one to 39 months postoperatively showed no significant differences with respect to infection rate, mortality, length of stay, or ultimate functional status. In the Ender rod group, 66.7% of the patients experienced technical problems, compared with 10.3% of patients in the compression screw group. The Ender technique offered few practical advantages and an unacceptably high level of problems, even when patients with only stable fractures were considered.
Regulation of rat renal kallikrein expression by estrogen and progesterone (1991)

Madeddu, Paolo; Glorioso, Nicola; Maioli, Mario; Demontis, Maria Piera; Varoni, Maria Vittoria; Anania, Vittorio; Xiong, William; Chai, Karl; Chao, Julie Author Information
Motor Neuron Disease Occurring in a Mutant Dynactin Mouse Model Is Characterized by Defects in Vesicular Trafficking (2008)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a fatal and progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by weakness, muscle atrophy, and spasticity, is the most common adult-onset motor neuron disease. Although the majority of ALS cases are sporadic, approximately 5-10% are familial, including those linked to mutations in SOD1 (Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase). Missense mutations in a dynactin gene (DCTN1) encoding the p150(Glued) subunit of dynactin have been linked to both familial and sporadic ALS. To determine the molecular mechanism whereby mutant dynactin p150(Glued) causes selective degeneration of motor neurons, we generated and characterized mice expressing either wild-type or mutant human dynactin p150(Glued). Neuronal expression of mutant, but not wild type, dynactin p150(Glued) causes motor neuron disease in these animals that are characterized by defects in vesicular transport in cell bodies of motor neurons, axonal swelling and axo-terminal degeneration. Importantly, we provide evidence that autophagic cell death is implicated in the pathogenesis of mutant p150(Glued) mice. This novel mouse model will be instrumental for not only clarifying disease mechanisms in ALS, but also for testing therapeutic strategies to ameliorate this devastating disease.
The Convex Cells Formed by Seven Planes (1939)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Nuclear Translocation of IFN-γ Is an Intrinsic Requirement for Its Biologic Activity and Can Be Driven by a Heterologous Nuclear Localization Sequence (2001)

We have previously identified a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). This NLS functions intracellularly by forming a complex with its transcription factor Stat1alpha and the nuclear importer of Stat1alpha, the importin-alpha analog NPI-1. The stability of this complex and the subsequent nuclear translocation of the complexed Stat1alpha are dependent on the integrity of this NLS, showing that Stat1alpha nuclear import is mediated by the IFN-gamma NLS. In this study, to directly evaluate the intrinsic requirement of nuclear IFN-gamma toward its biologic activities, we engineered a chimeric in which the IFN-gamma NLS has been substituted by a heterologous NLS, namely, the prototypical NLS of the SV40 large T antigen, which would drive nuclear translocation of IFN-gamma in a sequence-nonspecific manner. The chimeric, IFN-gamma-SV, was equally active in antiviral and antiproliferative assays as the wild-type IFN-gamma. Interestingly, IFN-gamma-SV was also translocated to the nucleus and was also recovered intracellularly as a complex with the Stat1alpha importer NPI-1, like wild-type IFN-gamma. Comparison with an NLS deletion mutant showed that deletion or changes within the NLS motif of IFN-gamma were inconsequential to the high-affinity extracellular binding to the IFN-gamma receptor complex, yet the presence of an NLS was critical to the expression of the biologic activities of IFN-gamma and its NPI-1 complexation ability. Our data conclusively demonstrate that nuclear translocation of IFN-gamma is an intrinsic requirement for the full expression of the biologic activities of IFN-gamma and strengthen the conclusion that nuclear chaperoning of Stat1alpha is the primary role of IFN-gamma nuclear translocation. This type of ligand imprinting by sequestering of activated Stat may contribute to the specificity of Stat nuclear transcription.
Comprehensive Design and Analysis of Fan-Out Wafer Level Package (2019)

This paper presents an advanced modeling technology on wafer warpage after post mold curing (PMC) for the 12 inch mold-1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) with consideration of effects of viscoelastic model and chemical cure shrinkage, and layer design of the mold-1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> packages. Results show that warpage of mold-1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> FOWLP wafer predicted by the advanced modeling technology agrees well with the experimental result. A new guideline for FOWLP process flow is provided as well, which will be useful to the packaging industry. The advantages of the new guideline for FOWLP process flow are: (1) to eliminate wafer warpage correction process and save a lot of cost and time; (2) to serve as a basis for process selection to meet the trends and needs of a reliable fan-out wafer level package with lower wafer warpage during FOWLP wafer process; and (3) to be important to enhance survivability during wafer process and thin-wafer handling.
Competitive Reactions between Trialkylchlorosilanes and Alkylmagnesium Bromides<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompetitive Reactions between Trialkylchlorosilanes and Alkylmagnesium Bromides1Leo H. Sommer, George T. Kerr, and Frank C. WhitmoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 1, 434–435Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01181a529https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01181a529research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 5205: Iron metabolism informs glioblastoma stem cell maintenance (2012)

Abstract Glioblastoma is a highly lethal cancer that is characterized by florid angiogenesis, invasion into normal brain, and therapeutic resistance. Glioblastomas display cellular hierarchies with a self-renewing, tumorigenic glioblastoma stem cell (GSC) at the apex. The significance of GSCs in tumor biology has been supported by work from our group and others showing that GSCs are relatively resistant to conventional therapies, promote tumor angiogenesis, and are highly invasive. By comparing GSCs to matched differentiated tumor bulk, we have identified a number of molecular targets that function in maintenance of the cellular hierarchy and tumor growth. We have now identified increased iron metabolism as a characteristic of GSCs. Normal glial progenitors accumulate iron to increase migration and proliferation. Brain tumors accumulate iron and iron regulators are associated with poor survival. As hypoxia induces iron regulators and maintains the cellular hierarchy, we are investigating iron regulation in GSCs. Ectopic delivery of iron to GSCs increases tumorsphere growth while disrupting iron metabolism in GSCs using shRNA reduces cell growth and decreases the expression of angiogenic growth factors. Collectively, these results suggest that iron metabolism is important for GSC maintenance and tumorigenic potential. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5205. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-5205
Origin of Solvent Knight Shifts in Alloys (1968)

Detailed consideration of the rigid-band model for alloys shows that it predicts the correct sign and magnitude for changes in Knight shifts on the addition of nonmagnetic impurities to such solvents as Ag and liquid Cu. We conclude that while oscillatory impurity screening is important to these changes, analyses invoking it alone are significantly deficient.
A Growable Folded ATM Switching Fabric Architecture (1994)

Eleocharis acicularis was exposed to different concentrations of In, Ag, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn in the laboratory to assess its capability in accumulating these metals. After 15 days, 477 mg/kg dry wt. of In was accumulated by the roots; concentrations of Ag, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn in the shoots were 326, 1120, 575, 195, and 213 mg/kg dry wt., respectively. The results indicate that E. acicularis has the ability to accumulate these metals from water, making it a good candidate species for phytoremediation and phytomining.
Ultrarealistic imaging: the future of display holography (2014)

Ultrarealistic imaging is the science of producing images that faithfully recreate the light field surrounding an object, such that the unaided eye of a human observer cannot distinguish the difference between the original and the image. Recent technology improvements are now set to transform the fields of both analog and digital display holography, permitting both techniques to operate in the ultrarealistic regime. In particular, ultrarealistic analog holograms have now heralded the serious use of holography in such areas as museum display and cultural heritage protection. These full-color holograms are characterized by a substantially lower noise and a greater spectral fidelity. New recording systems, based on recent diode-pumped solid-state and semiconductor lasers combined with recording materials and processing, have been behind these improvements. Progress in illumination technology, however, has also led to a major reduction in display noise and to a significant increase in the clear image depth and brightness of holograms. Recent progress in one-step direct-write digital holography (DWDH) is now also opening the way to the creation of a new type of ultrarealistic display: the high virtual volume display. This is a large format full-parallax DWDH reflection hologram having a fundamentally larger clear image depth.
Telaprevir-Based Triple Therapy of Hepatitis C Infection in a Patient with Hemophilia A and Factor VIII Inhibitor: Decreased Need for Factor VIII with Viral Suppression (2012)

Purpose: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been a heavy burden to patients with hemophilia. Patients with hemophilia A frequently receive transfusion of factor VIII as part of their management which can lead to development of antibodies that can neutralize factor VIII. HCV infection by itself and its treatment with interferon can lead to the development of autoantibodies including acquired factor VIII inhibitor. Therefore, treating HCV in hemophiliacs with factor VIII inhibitor remains challenging. A 22-year-old male with a history significant for hereditary hemophilia A complicated by refractory high titer factor VIII inhibitors and hepatitis C genotype 1a infection diagnosed at the age of 1 year was referred to our clinic regarding hepatitis C treatment. The patient has been treated with recombinant human factor VIII 6,000 IU Bid to maintain his factor level at around 20%. He was also receiving rituximab (to help decrease his factor VIII autoantibodies) every 4-6 months for 3 years. Liver biopsy was not performed prior to starting HCV treatment due to concerns about bleeding and the patient was HCV treatment naive. Patient was started on hepatitis C telaprevir-based triple therapy (telaprevir 750 mg TID, weight based ribavirin, and peg-interferon α-2a) with good virologic response (HCV RNA was undetectable at treatment weeks 4, 12, and 24). He qualified for response-guided therapy and he completed his treatment at 24 weeks. He tolerated therapy relatively well without the need to dose reduce his ribavirin or peg-interferon α-2a. Interestingly, within a few days after starting telaprevir therapy, his factor VIII level started to increase significantly and after four weeks of hepatitis C treatment, his factor VIII inhibitor screen was negative and his need for recombinant factor VIII decreased by 50% as shown in the Figure. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on using telaprevir-based triple therapy in a hemophilia patient with factor VIII inhibitor. This case demonstrates that HCV therapy was safe and that suppressing HCV may help decrease factor VIII inhibitor level and the need for recombinant factor VIII. We hope that our report will encourage other practicing clinicians to treat this challenging patient population.Figure: [1069]Disclosure: Naim Alkhouri, MD - Speaker's Bureau and Advisory Board Member of Vertex (makers of telaprevir). Nizar N Zein: - Speaker's Bureau and Advisory Board Member of Vertex (makers of telaprevir).
Dose-Response Curves of Inhaled Nitric Oxide with and without Intravenous Almitrine in Nitric Oxide-responding Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1995)

In 6 patients with early acute respiratory distress syndrome and highly responsive to inhaled nitrix oxide, the administration of intravenous almitrine at a concentration of 16 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 induced an additional increase in Pao2. Dose response of nitric oxide was not changed by the administration of almitrine and a plateau effect was observed at inspiratory nitric oxide concentrations of 1.5 ppm.
Aryl-Decarboxylation Reactions Catalyzed by Palladium: Scope and Mechanism (2019)

Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings and related reactions have enabled many transformations essential to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials. A related family of reactions that have received less attention are decarboxylative functionalization reactions. These reactions replace the preformed organometallic precursor (e.g., boronic acid or organostannane) with inexpensive and readily available carboxylic acids for many palladium-catalyzed reactions. This review focuses on catalyzed reactions where the elementary decarboxylation step is thought to occur at a palladium center. This review does not include decarboxylative reactions where decarboxylation is thought to be facilitated by a second metal (copper or silver) and is specifically limited to (hetero)arenecarboxylic acids. This review includes a discussion of oxidative Heck reactions, protodecarboxylation reactions, and cross-coupling reactions among others. 1 Introduction 2 Oxidative Heck Reactions 3 Protodecarboxylation Reactions 4 Cross-Coupling Reactions 5 Other Reactions 6 Conclusion
Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Prostate (1990)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAbstracts1 Apr 1990Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Prostate Patrick C. Walsh, andM.D. Jerome P. RichieM.D. Patrick C. WalshPatrick C. Walsh More articles by this author , and Jerome P. RichieJerome P. Richie More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40118-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 143Issue 4April 1990Page: 862-864 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1990 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Patrick C. Walsh More articles by this author Jerome P. Richie More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...