gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TCA Cycle Defects and Cancer: When Metabolism Tunes Redox State (2012)

Inborn defects of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes have been known for more than twenty years. Until recently, only recessive mutations were described which, although resulted in severe multisystem syndromes, did not predispose to cancer onset. In the last ten years, a causal role in carcinogenesis has been documented for inherited and acquired alterations in three TCA cycle enzymes, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), fumarate hydratase (FH), and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), pointing towards metabolic alterations as the underlying hallmark of cancer. This paper summarizes the neoplastic alterations of the TCA cycle enzymes focusing on the generation of pseudohypoxic phenotype and the alteration of epigenetic homeostasis as the main tumor-promoting effects of the TCA cycle affecting defects. Moreover, we debate on the ability of these mutations to affect cellular redox state and to promote carcinogenesis by impacting on redox biology.
Space‐Time Spreading Aided Single‐Carrier Wideband CDMA Communicating over Multipath Nakagami Fading Channels (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Principle of Space-time Spreading System Model Detection of Space-time Spreading W-CDMA Signals BER Performance Adaptive Space-time Spreading Chapter Summary and Conclusion
Low threshold current 1.3 µm InAsP QW ACISlasers (1998)

A very low threshold current of 3.0 mA and a stable transverse mode operation of > 30 mW were achieved in 1.3 µm InAsP strained-layer quantum well Al-oxide confined inner stripe (ACIS) lasers. Strain-compensated AlAs/InP/AlInAs super-lattice layers, grown on InP substrate using gas source-MBE, are used for oxidation.
Variable-load constant efficiency power amplifier for mobile communications applications (2004)

A SiGe HBT Class-B power amplifier has been developed with a voltage-controlled variable load, for constant efficiency also at low-power levels. The output matching network includes varactor diodes that can change the load impedance at the collector of the transistor. The load line can therefore he adjusted to provide a variable output power saturation level shifting the peak of the efficiency to the desired power level. Constant efficiency over a wide output power range is obtained. This amplifer minimises power consumption for variable output power applications as required in mobile communications systems.
A cis downstream element participates in regulation of in vitro transcription initiation from the P38 promoter of minute virus of mice (1990)

We report the use of a HeLa whole cell extract (WCE) runoff transcription system for the study of cis- and trans-acting elements, participating in the regulation of transcription initiation from the P38 promoter of the parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM). Our initial studies with HeLa WCE indicated that transcription from the P38 promoter is very inefficient, compared with transcription from the P4 promoter. Supplementation of the HeLa WCE with WCE prepared from uninfected Ehrlich ascites cells enhanced transcription from the P38 promoter twofold, indicating a role for a cellular factor in transcription from the P38 promoter. Furthermore, supplementation with WCE prepared from MVM-infected Ehrlich ascites cells enhanced transcription from the P38 promoter about sixfold, indicating a role for a virally encoded or induced factor. Analyses of runoffs produced by transcription of DNA templates digested with various restriction enzymes defined a downstream promoter element (DPE) necessary for efficient transcription initiation from the P38 promoter. This element resides 282 to 647 base pairs 3' to the transcription initiation site, between the NarI site and the HindIII site (2287 to 2652, MVM numbering system). The virally encoded NS1 protein was shown by DNA precipitation to bind directly or indirectly through a cellular factor to the DPE. This interaction is suggested to be involved in the up regulation of the P38 promoter of MVM. Finally, with a DNase I protection assay performed on a fragment containing the DPE, we estimated the sequence involved in the binding of a factor present in uninfected and infected extracts. The correlation between the binding and transcription activation is discussed.
Analysis of the creA gene, a regulator of carbon catabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. (1991)

The complete nucleotide sequence derived from a genomic clone and two cDNA clones of the creA gene of Aspergillus nidulans is presented. The gene contains no introns. The derived polypeptide of 415 amino acids contains two zinc fingers of the C2H2 class, frequent S(T)PXX motifs, and an alanine-rich region indicative of a DNA-binding repressor protein. The amino acid sequence of the zinc finger region has 84% similarity to the zinc finger region of Mig1, a protein involved in carbon catabolite repression in yeast cells, and it is related both to the mammalian Egr1 and Egr2 proteins and to the Wilms' tumor protein. A deletion removing the creA gene was obtained, by using in vitro techniques, in both a heterokaryon and a diploid strain but was unobtainable in a pure haploid condition. Evidence is presented suggesting that the phenotype of such a deletion, when not complemented by another creA allele, is leaky lethality allowing limited germination of the spore but not colony formation. This phenotype is far more extreme than that of any of the in vivo-generated mutations, and thus either the gene product may have an activator activity as well as a repressor function or some residual repressor function may be required for full viability.
The impact of misregistration on change detection (1992)

The impact of misregistration on the detection of changes in land cover has been evaluated using spatially degraded Landsat MSS images, focusing on simulated images of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Single-date images from seven areas were misregistered against themselves, and the statistical properties of the differences were analyzed. In the absence of any actual changes to the land surface, the consequences of misregistration were very marked even for subpixel misregistrations. Pairs of images from different time periods were then misregistered. For four densely covered areas, an error equivalent to greater than 50% of the actual differences in the NDVI, as measured by the semivariance, was induced by a misregistration of only one pixel. To achieve an error of only 10%, registration accuracies of 0.2 pixels or less are required. For three more sparsely vegetated areas with semiarid climates, a registration accuracy of between 0.5 and 1.0 pixel was sufficient to achieve an error of 10% or less. The results indicate that high levels of registration are needed for reliable monitoring of global change.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
K+ DETECTION USING SHEAR HORIZONTAL ACOUSTIC (1990)

An acoustic delay line sensor for the detection of potassium ion concentration in water has been implemented and tested. The device uses the propagation of shear horizontal (SH) waves in a piezoelectric plate (Love waves) in order to minimize acoustic energy loss in the liquid. One of the plate surfaces is covered with a Polyvinil chloride (PVC) - valinomycin membrane, which is a well known ligand for the detection of potassium ions. Measurements are here reported in order to evaluate the performances of the device.
On sign bit assignment for a vector multiplier (1976)

A simple sign bit assignment scheme for each SHIFT operation of a vector multiplier is presented. This new scheme is capable of determining the correct sign for a shifted sum independent of overflow conditions during each ADD operation.
Processing lines and alternative preservation techniques to prolong the shelf-life of minimally fresh processed leafy vegetables (2005)

Summary There is still a lack of information about the actual critical points of the industrial fresh-processing chain and on the current and feasible advances in the technologies to successfully preserve the minimally fresh processed (or fresh-cut) vegetable products. It is known that the minimal fresh-processing industry continuously needs to improve their technical support by renewing the processing lines as well as by introducing emerging and alternative preservation techniques, which reduce production losses and provide safer and higher quality products. In this work, an exhaustive review was done to put together information about the most critical points throughout all the stages of the production chain and storage conditions of minimally fresh processed leafy vegetables which determine their final microbial and sensory quality. The first part of the review includes an extensive discussion about the critical points of the production chain of fresh processed leafy vegetables such as cutting and washing. Recent improvements in washing and sanitizing agents such as chlorine, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide and antioxidant solutions, and their advantages and disadvantages are evaluated. The second part of this report is focused on the evaluation of feasible emerging preservation techniques such as superatmospheric O 2 atmospheres, hot water treatments and UV-C radiation, as alternatives to the conventional ones to improve the final microbial quality and to extend the sensorial quality of minimally fresh processed vegetables.
Evaluating the Efficiency of gRNAs in CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Genome Editing in Poplars (2019)

CRISPR/Cas9 has become one of the most promising techniques for genome editing in plants and works very well in poplars with an <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation system. We selected twelve genes, including <i>SOC1</i>, <i>FUL</i>, and their paralogous genes, four <i>NFP-like</i> genes and <i>TOZ19</i> for three different research topics. The gRNAs were designed for editing, and, together with a constitutively expressed Cas9 nuclease, transferred either into the poplar hybrid <i>Populus</i> × <i>canescens</i> or into <i>P. tremula</i>. The regenerated lines showed different types of editing and revealed several homozygous editing events which are of special interest in perennial species because of limited back-cross ability. Through a time series, we could show that despite the constitutive expression of the Cas9 nuclease, no secondary editing of the target region occurred. Thus, constitutive Cas9 expression does not seem to pose any risk to additional editing events. Based on various criteria, we obtained evidence for a relationship between the structure of gRNA and the efficiency of gene editing. In particular, the GC content, purine residues in the gRNA end, and the free accessibility of the seed region seemed to be highly important for genome editing in poplars. Based on our findings on nine different poplar genes, efficient gRNAs can be designed for future efficient editing applications in poplars.
Increased serum bile acids as a possible biomarker of hepatotoxicity in Brazilian workers exposed to solvents in car repainting shops (2005)

The objective was to evaluate total serum bile acids (SBA) as a biological marker of hepatotoxicity in car painters exposed to organic solvents and to compare their performance with classic biochemical parameters of liver function. SBA were analysed in a selected group of workers (n=57) occupationally exposed to a mixture of organic solvents and in a control group (n=51). In addition, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TB), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined in the two groups. Urinary hippuric acid was measured in all samples. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a significant increase in the concentration of SBA, AST, ALP and TB in exposed workers compared with controls (Mann-Whitney, p</=0.05). However, SBA was the parameter most frequently altered in exposed workers and showed higher significance between the two groups (chi-square test) compared with the upper limit of the reference range (8 micromol l(-1)). In conclusion, SBA can be considered to be a sensitive parameter of hepatotoxicity induced by organic solvents than the traditional tests and it can be used as an biological marker of subclinical liver injury.
Mutations in the Drosophila <i>pushover</i> Gene Confer Increased Neuronal Excitability and Spontaneous Synaptic Vesicle Fusion (1996)

We describe the identification of a gene called pushover (push), which affects both behavior and synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction. Adults carrying either of two mutations in push exhibit sluggishness, uncoordination, a defective escape response, and male sterility. Larvae defective in push exhibit increased release of transmitter at the neuromuscular junction. In particular, the frequency of spontaneous transmitter release and the amount of transmitter release evoked by nerve stimulation are each increased two- to threefold in push mutants at the lowest external [Ca2+] tested (0.15 mM). Furthermore, these mutants are more sensitive than wild type to application of the potassium channel-blocking drug quinidine: following quinidine application, push mutants, but not wild-type, display repetitive firing of the motor axon, leading to repetitive muscle postsynaptic potentials. The push gene thus might affect both neuronal excitability and the transmitter release process. Complementation tests and recombinational mapping suggest that the push mutations are allelic to a previously identified P-element-induced mutation, which also causes behavioral abnormalities and male sterility.
Ketonization of Carboxylic Acids in Biomass Conversion over TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces: A DFT Perspective (2014)

Carboxylic acids play a fundamental role in the transformation of biomass into liquid fuels and other useful chemicals. In order to reduce the O/C content of biofuels, carboxylic acids need to be decomposed by decarboxylation, dehydroxylation, or decarbonylation unimolecular reactions, or they need to be converted into ketones via complex bimolecular reaction mechanisms. Ketonization, that is, the transformation of carboxylic acids into ketones, carbon dioxide, and water, is promoted by heterogeneous catalysts based on oxide materials. Among the most active catalysts are titania and zirconia surfaces. In recent years, a large body of experimental data has been complemented by specific investigations performed with first-principles electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). In this review, I discuss the present level of understanding of the bonding modes of carboxylic acids (acetic acid in particular) on the TiO2 and ZrO2 surfaces as obtained from DFT calculations. Enolization and ketonization reaction mechanisms determined at the DFT level on TiO2 and ZrO2 surfaces are also discussed, and the results are analyzed in view of the experimental evidence. Finally, the role of supported metal particles, of the redox properties of the oxide catalyst, and the nature of the active sites on the surface of titania and zirconia are discussed.
Benchmarking the performance of time-dependent density functional methods (2012)

The performance of 24 density functionals, including 14 meta-generalized gradient approximation (mGGA) functionals, is assessed for the calculation of vertical excitation energies against an experimental benchmark set comprising 14 small- to medium-sized compounds with 101 total excited states. The experimental benchmark set consists of singlet, triplet, valence, and Rydberg excited states. The global-hybrid (GH) version of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhoff GGA density functional (PBE0) is found to offer the best overall performance with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.28 eV. The GH-mGGA Minnesota 2006 density functional with 54% Hartree-Fock exchange (M06-2X) gives a lower MAE of 0.26 eV, but this functional encounters some convergence problems in the ground state. The local density approximation functional consisting of the Slater exchange and Volk-Wilk-Nusair correlation functional (SVWN) outperformed all non-GH GGAs tested. The best pure density functional performance is obtained with the local version of the Minnesota 2006 mGGA density functional (M06-L) with an MAE of 0.41 eV.
The mortality of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections: need for a new vital statistic. (1987)

Available data on both crude mortality and attributable mortality of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections suggest that such infections represent an important cause of death in the US. The use of 95% confidence limits for attributable mortality and current national vital statistics data for septicaemia corroborate the general hypothesis.
Airway responsiveness and atopy in families of patients with asthma. (1996)

First-degree relatives of subjects with asthma have a higher prevalence of AHR, atopy and elevated serum IgE levels than controls from nonasthmatic families. Subjects with atopy in families of patients with asthma have higher atopic indices and degree of AHR than controls with atopy.
Solar panels make really good cents. (2009)

Bobby Hancock, senior director of facility management for the Bloorview Kids Rehab facility in Toronto, describes how features such as a 37 kW penthouse roof solar array, thermal glazed windows, rainwater harvesting, and air handling units with variable speed drives and heat recovery wheels, contribute to the "green" credentials of Canada's largest children's rehabilitation centre.
Firm Innovativeness and Its Performance Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review and Theoretical Integration (2012)

Drawing on the chain-of-effects model as a unifying framework, this meta-analysis indicates that firm innovativeness indirectly affects firm value through its effects on market position and financial position. In addition, the findings suggest that innovativeness has direct positive effects on financial position and firm value. Moreover, the meta-analysis provides evidence of reverse causality in the innovativeness–firm value relationship. Importantly, the results also reveal that the positive effects of firm innovativeness on market position and financial position are stronger for larger firms, for firms that invest more in advertising, for firms in high-tech industries, for innovativeness outputs and for radical innovations. Finally, the meta-analytic evidence also indicates that the relationship between innovativeness and firm value is stronger for smaller firms, for firms that invest more in advertising, for firms in low-tech industries, for innovativeness inputs, for innovativeness culture, and for radical innovations.
Extreme-Wing Line Broadening and Cs-Inert-Gas Potentials (1972)

The emission profiles of the cesium resonance lines broadened by collisions with inert gases have been measured from about 50-1000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ from line center. The emission is observed from optically excited Cs in a cell whose temperature is varied from about 300-800\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. By measuring the wing intensity relative to the entire line intensity from optically thin Cs, the profiles can be related to theoretical models without knowledge of the cesium density. The quasistatic theory of line broadening, extended to include the distribution of perturber positions about the Cs*, is used to analyze the data. The observed temperature dependence of the emission profiles is associated with the temperature dependence of the perturber distribution in the Cs*-inert-gas adiabatic potential. The quasistatic spectrum depends on the difference between excited- and ground-state adiabatic potentials, so each potential is thereby separately determined from the data. The $X\ensuremath{\Sigma}$, $A\ensuremath{\Pi}$, and $B\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ potentials for the 3.5-5-\AA{} region are given.
Editor's Perspective (1990)

See also: The SMAS-Platysma Face LiftSemin Plast Surg 1990; 4(01): 1-23DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1080432
A review of needle-protective devices to prevent sharps injuries (2004)

The risk of occupational transmission of blood-borne pathogens via sharp devices remains a significant hazard to both healthcare and ancillary workers. Previously, education, training, universal precautions and hepatitis B vaccination have been implemented in an attempt to reduce the risk. However, the most recent preventive strategy is needle-protective devices. These have been developed from conventional products but incorporate a safety mechanism that, when activated, covers the needletip and thus assists in the prevention of needlestick injuries and potential seroconversion to blood-borne pathogens. To date, a number of studies have been undertaken to evaluate these products, the majority of which show these devices to be safe and reliable in addition to potentially reducing associated needlestick injuries. However, to encourage the introduction of these devices in the UK, further studies are needed to either support or refute initial findings and to encourage the evaluation and subsequent implementation of needle-protective devices.
Long-term Progression of Meniere's Disease (1991)

A retrospective study of 161 patients with Menière's disease followed up for 9 years or more is presented. The development, with respect to hearing, caloric response, vertigo, and ability to work, was analyzed. The main functional loss was found to take place early in the course of the disease. There was an increase in bilaterality with time. A spontaneous relief in vertigo over the years has been noticed.
Ethanol Production by a Flocculant Yeast Strain in a CSTR Type Fermentor with Cell Recycling (1999)

Tests were performed in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), with and without cell recycling, to produce ethanol. The reactor without cell recycling produced the kinetic model of ethanol production, whereas the reactor with cell recycling allowed for a study of process stability.
In Vitro Perfusion of Hybrid Artificial Pancreas Devices at Low Flow Rates (1992)

Type I diabetes is characterized by insulin insufficiency due to lack of functional beta cells. To replace injection therapy, schemes such as the Hybrid Artificial Pancreas (HAP) were developed. This consists of an acrylic housing enclosing a semipermeable hollow fiber membrane. Donor islets can be seeded in the annular space through a port in the housing, and thus are separated from the recipient's bloodstream or perfusate. Before scaling the HAP to human size, the dynamics of its insulin response to a perfusion glucose challenge must be better understood. In this study, the HAP's insulin response after a step increase in the lumenal glucose concentration was determined as a function of the radial thickness of the annular space (0.173-0.973 mm) and islet distribution at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Devices containing a single, 65 mm long fiber were used. Rat islets were isolated using standard collagenase digestion techniques. In unseeded HAP perfusions, the washout time for glucose and insulin from the annular space was dependent on flow rate and radial thickness. Both solutes were removed in < 3 min from the smallest devices when perfused at 10 ml/min. Thus, solute transport within the HAP is very fast. In the seeded HAP perfusions, the devices were subjected to a step increase in the lumenal glucose concentration. Sequential samples of the HAP effluent were collected and assayed for glucose and insulin. The spatial distribution of the islets in the annular space was one of the most important factors in determining the HAP's insulin response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)