gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System for description and identification of individuals (2002)

A system for the analysis and automated identification of a human face is described. The analysis of a human face is defined as an individual description of the face given in the form of its subobjects and their relations. Model-based analysis of a human face is founded on the anthropological model of a human face in norma facialis. The system consists of preprocessing algorithms based on a contour determining operator, the Hough transform (for the determination of the approximate position of the head, face, and the eye region), and of the integral projection of the contour picture. The shape of the integral projection in the form of a string matches to the model. The similarity measure for strings is expressed in the form of Levenstein's metric. The methods described were used to process 40 pictures of male human faces. The system is realised on a PC AT computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective Laryngeal Reinnervation With Separate Phrenic and Ansa Cervicalis Nerve Transfers (1997)

Using this selective reinnervation procedure, good laryngeal function can be achieved in the cat model, which may be applicable in humans. By reinnervation of the vocalis muscle, muscle tonus is achieved, which is expected to improve voice quality. Using this procedure, however, no active reflex closure may be expected.
All That is Solid Melts Into Air: The Subject-Matter Eligibility Inquiry in the Age of Cloud Computing (2015)

This article critiques and refines the subject-matter eligibility inquiry in patent law by examining the process of creativity in the context of software-implemented inventions. As a substantive critique of § 101 jurisprudence, this article, informed by copyright law, proposes a working hypothesis for a general structure of the subject-matter eligibility inquiry in which a critical determination is the appropriate level of abstraction for claim construction. As a discursive critique of the limits and limitations of judicial language, this article argues that courts have incorrectly presumed that contemporary legal thought is equipped, conceptually and linguistically, to understand the full significance of modern technologies and the grammars of their creation. Closely reading the human agency and design choices that inhere in technology, this article seeks to resolve the open questions posed by Mayo Collaborative Servs. v. Prometheus Labs., Inc., to harmonize Diamond v. Diehr and Parker v. Flook, and to refine Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank Int’l.
Acute-on-chronic liver failure: current concepts on definition, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and potential therapeutic interventions (2011)

In recent years, acute-on-chronic liver failure has been recognized as a specific clinical form of liver failure associated with cirrhosis. The syndrome refers to an acute deterioration of liver function and subsequently of other end organs over a period of weeks following a precipitating event in a patient with previously well- or reasonably well-compensated cirrhosis. These precipitating events include either an indirect (e.g., variceal hemorrhage, sepsis) or a direct (e.g., drug-induced) hepatotoxic factor. The short-term mortality for this condition is more than 50%. At present, considerable efforts are ongoing to better characterize the syndrome, to gain further insight into its pathophysiology and to optimize therapy. This article aims to highlight the current concepts of these various aspects.
Methylprednisolone Administration Improves Axonal Regeneration into Schwann Cell Grafts in Transected Adult Rat Thoracic Spinal Cord (1996)

Schwann cell (SC) grafts support the regeneration of axons of numerous spinal cord neurons when placed into transected adult rat midthoracic spinal cord. Clinically, methylprednisolone (MP) has been shown to be neuroprotective if administered within 8 h after spinal cord injury. We investigated whether axonal regrowth into SC grafts is enhanced when MP is administered at the time of spinal cord transection and SC implantation. SCs from adult rat sciatic nerves were purified in culture, suspended in Matrigel, and drawn into semipermeable polymeric channels. MP (30 mg/kg) or vehicle (control) was administered intravenously at 5 min, 2 h, and 4 h to adult Fischer rats after transection at T8 and removal of the next three caudal segments. The rostral cord stump was inserted 1 mm into the channel; the distal end of the channel was capped. Thirty to forty-five days later, the SC/MP group showed large tissue cables in the channels and host cord tissue retained in the rostral end of the channels. Significantly more myelinated axons (1159 +/- 308) were present at the 5-mm level in SC/MP grafts (n = 6) than in SC/vehicle cables (355 +/- 108, n = 5). More unmyelinated than myelinated axons (approximately 4:1, n = 3) were resolved in the cables by electron microscopy. In the SC/MP group, unlike the SC/vehicle group, serotonergic and noradrenergic fibers were detected immunocytochemically 2.5 and 2.0 mm respectively, into the graft; astrocytes were also identified at similar distances from the interface. Fast Blue retrograde tracing (SC/MP, n = 4; SC/vehicle, n = 3) showed that more spinal cord neurons (1116 +/- 113 vs 284 +/- 88, respectively) and spinal cord neurons more distant from the graft (C8 vs C5) responded by extending axons into the graft in the presence of MP. Also, very significantly, supraspinal brain stem neurons extended axons into the graft only when MP was administered (mean 46 vs 0, n = 3). These results indicate that MP improves axonal regenerationn from both spinal cord and brain stem neurons into thoracic SC grafts, possibly by reducing secondary host tissue loss adjacent to the graft.
Understanding Mobile Application Usage Continuance: A Model Proposition (2011)

스마트 폰의 보급과 플랫폼의 다변화에 따라 모바일 애플리케이션 시장 또한 가파른 성장을 지속하여 왔으며, 이제 초기 수용의도를 파악하는 것 보다는 소비자의 지속사용의도를 파악하는 것이 더 중요한 이슈로 대두되고 있다. 이는 또한 모바일 애플리케이션 제공업체의 중요 당면과제이다. 본 연구에서는 모바일 애플리케이션 소비자의 지속사용의도를 파악하기 위해 모바일 애플리케이션 시장 분석을 바탕으로 정보시스템 기대-충족 모형에 기반한 연구모형을 제시하고자 한다. 특히, 기대-충족 모형에 기반한 모바일 애플리케이션 지속사용의도에 있어서 사용자의 인지적 몰입을 기대충족과 지각된 유용성의 선행요인으로 제안한다. 본 연구의 목적은 선행 연구분석을 바탕으로 모바일 애플리케이션의 지속사용의도를 설명하기 위한 연구모형을 제시하는 것이며, 연구모형의 실증분석을 통해서 모바일 애플리케이션 사업자의 실무에 도움이 되는 제안을 할 수 있을 것이다.
Targeted doxorubicin-containing luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue AN-152 inhibits the growth of doxorubicin-resistant MX-1 human breast cancers. (2003)

Cytotoxic LHRH analogue AN-152 could be considered for targeted chemotherapy of DOX-resistant breast cancers expressing LHRH-R.
Subjective and physiological responses among racemic‐methadone maintenance patients in relation to relative (S)‐ <i>vs.</i> (R)‐methadone exposure (2004)

These findings agree with previous evidence that (S)-methadone is associated with a significant and potentially adverse profile of responses distinct from that of (R)-methadone. Individual variability in relative (S)- vs. (R)-methadone exposure may be associated with variability in response to rac-methadone maintenance treatment.
Inversion for anisotropy from non‐double‐couple components of moment tensors (2004)

An inversion method for retrieving seismic anisotropy from non‐double‐couple components of seismic moment tensors is presented. The method requires a set of highly accurate moment tensors of earthquakes that occurred in a homogeneous anisotropic focal area on differently oriented faults. In contrast to standard methods retrieving anisotropy from travel times or from shear wave splitting, which yield an overall anisotropy averaged along a whole ray path, the presented method yields a local value of anisotropy just in the focal area. The method is robust, being able to retrieve the orientation as well as strength of anisotropy even for low anisotropy symmetries as for orthorhombic symmetry. The method can utilize the moment tensors constrained to have zero trace, but using unconstrained moment tensors is advantageous. The method is applied to retrieving anisotropy in the Tonga subduction zone using moment tensors of deep‐focus earthquakes reported in the Harvard centroid moment tensor catalog. The inversion is complemented by tests on synthetic data to assess its stability and the accuracy of the results. The inversion indicates that the subduction zone is anisotropic with orthorhombic symmetry. The orientation of the intra‐slab anisotropy is defined by axes (azimuth/dip) a 1 = 320°/54°, a 2 = 121°/38°, and a 3 = 223°/81°. The errors in the azimuth and dip are about 5°. The first and second axes lie along the downdip motion of the slab and along the normal to the slab, respectively. The strength of the P , S 1, and S 2 anisotropy is of 7.3 ± 1.5%, 13.4 ± 2.5%, and 12.6 ± 3.5%, respectively. The errors of anisotropy strength are only rough estimates, which reflect random but not systematic errors in the moment tensors used in the inversion. The values for anisotropy strength in the slab are remarkably higher than those observed in the surrounding mantle. The symmetry axes of anisotropy coincide with the principal stress directions in the slab. This manifests a primary impact of stress on anisotropy formation. The retrieved anisotropy in the slab can serve as an additional constraint on its structure and mineralogical composition.
10 Gbit/s transmission over 69 km of non-dispersion-shifted singlemode fibre with CPSFK direct modulation of 1.55 μm BH DFB laser (1992)

With low chirp direct modulation of a commercially available γ = 1.55 μm BH DFB laser module at 10 Gbit/s, a transmission experiment over 69 km of non-dispersion-shifted singlemode fibre was successfully performed. The scheme is based on optical FM by modulation of the injection current with subsequent conversion into intensity modulation by means of a fibre Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Nuclear DNA Content Varies with Cell Size across Human Cell Types (2015)

Variation in the size of cells, and the DNA they contain, is a basic feature of multicellular organisms that affects countless aspects of their structure and function. Within humans, cell size is known to vary by several orders of magnitude, and differences in nuclear DNA content among cells have been frequently observed. Using published data, here we describe how the quantity of nuclear DNA across 19 different human cell types increases with cell volume. This observed increase is similar to intraspecific relationships between DNA content and cell volume in other species, and interspecific relationships between diploid genome size and cell volume. Thus, we speculate that the quantity of nuclear DNA content in somatic cells of humans is perhaps best viewed as a distribution of values that reflects cell size distributions, rather than as a single, immutable quantity.
ACCUMULATION OF ASTAXANTHIN IN <i>HAEMATOCOCCUS LACUSTRIS</i> (CHLOROPHYTA)<sup>1</sup> (1991)

ABSTRACT In N‐limited continuous chemostat cultures of the green alga Haematococcus lacustris (Gir.) Rostaf. (UTEX 16), the steady‐state astaxanthin content of the cells was determined by the specific growth rate of the cultures. The highest, pigment content was obtained at the lowest dilution rate. The specific rate of astaxanthin accumulation was, however, a function of the photon flux density measured at the illuminated culture surface. In nongrowing Haematococcus cultures, the specific rate of astaxanthin accumulation was determined by the growth rate of the culture during growth phase. The highest possible cellular astaxanthin content of all cultures was comparable and independent of the culture parameters.
Derivatives of Moloney murine sarcoma virus capable of being transcribed in embryonal carcinoma stem cells have gained a functional Sp1 binding site (1991)

The long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences of Moloney murine leukemia virus and its closely related derivative Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MSV) are incapable of directing transcription in embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells. The myeloproliferative sarcoma virus, a derivative of Mo-MSV, has several point mutations in the LTR and is transcribed more efficiently to allow productive infection of F9 EC cells. One of these mutations, at -166 with respect to the transcriptional start, creates a consensus binding site for the well-characterized mammalian transcription factor Sp1. We used gel retardation assays to demonstrate that F9 EC cell extracts form several complexes with the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus sequence around -166. One of these complexes involves a murine Sp1-like protein, which has immunoreactivity, DNA binding specificity, and electrophoretic mobility equivalent to those of purified human Sp1 protein. An equivalent complex forms on the corresponding Mo-MSV sequence but with a fivefold-lower affinity. Consistent with these observations, introduction of the single point mutation at -166 into the Mo-MSV LTR, creating a consensus Sp1 binding site, increases expression in F9 EC cells sixfold.
Intratympanic Corticosteroids for Sudden Idiopathic Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2005)

Instillation of intratympanic steroids represents a safe and potentially effective treatment of sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss.
1997 Munro Lecture Presented at the 43rd Annual Conference of the American Paraplegia Society Functional and Neurologic Recovery Following Acute SCI (1998)

Patient management in the current health care environment requires the provider to make reliable and valid clinical decisions regarding patient care, decisions that are cost effective and will lead to optimal functional improvement. Neurologic examination, according to the Standards for Neurological and Functional Classification of Spinal Injury developed by the American Spinal Injury Association, provides every clinician with simple clinical tools that are highly predictive of functional recovery following a spinal cord injury. The ability to predict motor recovery provides a rational basis to help support the provider's recommendation for the patient's goals and care planning, as well as differentiates care that is essential for improving functional outcomes from care that is not.
Active protein aggregates induced by terminally attached self-assembling peptide ELK16 in Escherichia coli (2011)

This has been the first report where a terminally attached self-assembling β peptide ELK16 can promote the formation of active inclusion bodies or active protein aggregates in E. coli. It has the potential to render E. coli and other recombinant hosts more efficient as microbial cell factories for protein production. Our observation might also provide hints for protein aggregation-related diseases.
Anaerobic Treatment of Low, Medium and High Strength Effluent in the Agro-industry (1999)

Based on the widely applied UASB system for anaerobic wastewater treatment a new generation of more advanced anaerobic reactor systems have recently been developed, according to the so-called expanded sludge bed concept. A successful version of this concept is the Internal Circulation (IC) reactor, characterized by the biogas separation in two stages within a reactor with a high height/diameter ratio and the gas-driven internal effluent circulation. The IC system can handle high upflow liquid and gas velocities, which makes treatment of low strength effluents at short hydraulic retention times, as well as treatment of high strength effluents at very high volumetric loading rates feasible. During the past years the IC technology has been successfully applied at full scale on a variety of industrial wastewaters. This article describes the design and operational results of three full scale anaerobic treatment plants with Internal Circulation reactors treating low, medium and high strength effluents from a dairy industry, food processing plant and brewery respectively.
Grignard Reactions. XVII.<sup>1</sup> The Reactions of Esters and Acid Chlorides with Grignard Reagents (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGrignard Reactions. XVII.1 The Reactions of Esters and Acid Chlorides with Grignard ReagentsFrank C. Whitmore and W. S. ForsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 12, 2966–2968Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01264a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01264a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Na,K-ATPase α2 and Ncx4a regulate zebrafish left-right patterning (2007)

A conserved molecular cascade involving Nodal signaling that patterns the laterality of the lateral mesoderm in vertebrates has been extensively studied, but processes involved in the initial break of left-right (LR) symmetry are just beginning to be explored. Here we report that Na,K-ATPase alpha2 and Ncx4a function upstream of Nodal signaling to regulate LR patterning in zebrafish. Knocking down Na,K-ATPase alpha2 and Ncx4a activity in dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs), which are precursors of Kupffer's vesicle (KV), is sufficient to disrupt asymmetric gene expression in the lateral plate mesoderm and randomize the placement of internal organs, indicating that the activity of Na,K-ATPase alpha2 and Ncx4a in DFCs/KV is crucial for LR patterning. High-speed videomicroscopy and bead implantation experiments show that KV cilia are immobile and the directional fluid flow in KV is abolished in Na,K-ATPase alpha2 and Ncx4a morphants, suggesting their essential role in KV ciliary function. Furthermore, we found that intracellular Ca(2+) levels are elevated in Na,K-ATPase alpha2 and Ncx4a morphants and that the defects in ciliary motility, KV fluid flow and placement of internal organs induced by their knockdown could be suppressed by inhibiting the activity of Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Together, our data demonstrate that Na,K-ATPase alpha2 and Ncx4a regulate LR patterning by modulating intracellular calcium levels in KV and by influencing cilia function, revealing a previously unrecognized role for calcium signaling in LR patterning.
The cellular biology of mammalian spermatids: a review. (1994)

During spermiogenesis, young spermatids undergo complex morphological, biochemical and physiological changes that result in the formation of highly polarized flagellated spermatozoa. Many of the changes that occur during this time are essential for the production of fertile sperm. Spermiogenesis includes modifications of the nucleus and perinuclear organelles (perinuclear theca, manchette), formation of the acrosomic system originating from the Golgi apparatus, assembly of the tail structures, topographical arrangement of the cell surface and cytoplasmic reorganization the final phase of which results in release of spermatozoa into the lumen of seminiferous tubules. A number of genes, including the protamine genes, are transcribed in haploid round spermatids. Furthermore, sequential expression of a few protooncogenes takes place during spermiogenesis. Both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are synthesized by spermatids. Numerous findings show clear functional relationships between late spermatids and Sertoli cells. Sertoli cell products may directly affect late spermatid development and metabolism. In turn, late spermatids may regulate Sertoli cell function, presumably via residual bodies. The ability for spermatids to modulate the functional activity of Sertoli cells is demonstrated by recent data on cyclin-protein-2, beta nerve growth factor and cytokines that are involved in gonadal cell-cell interaction.
261. Synthesis of 5-substituted rubans (1939)

G. R. Clemo and E. Hoggarth, J. Chem. Soc., 1939, 1241 DOI: 10.1039/JR9390001241
Chymase (2006)

Chymase is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease stored as an inactive enzyme within the secretory granules of mast cells. An important action of chymase is the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-independent synthesis of angiotensin II, which occurs immediately after its release into the interstitial tissues after vascular injury. Under physiological conditions, the role of chymase is uncertain, but under pathologic situations, chymase may have an important role. Pharmacologic strategies that serve to inhibit chymase function may prove to be useful in the setting of vascular injury.
Microwave Synthesis of High Activity FeSe2/C Catalyst toward Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2015)

The carbon supported iron selenide catalysts (FeSe2/C) were prepared with various selenium to iron ratios (Se/Fe), namely, Se/Fe = 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5 and 4.0, through facile microwave route by using ferrous oxalate (FeC2O4·2H2O) and selenium dioxide (SeO2) as precursors. Accordingly, effects of Se/Fe ratio on the crystal structure, crystallite size, microstructure, surface composition and electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of FeSe2/C in an alkaline medium were systematically investigated. The results revealed that all the FeSe2/C catalysts obtained with the Se/Fe ratios of 2.0–4.0 exhibited almost pure orthogonal FeSe2 structure with the estimated mean crystallite sizes of 32.9–36.2 nm. The electrocatalytic activities in potassium hydroxide solutions were higher than those in perchloric acid solutions, and two peak potentials or two plateaus responded to ORR were observed from cyclic voltammograms and polarization curves, respectively. The ORR potentials of 0.781–0.814 V with the electron transfer numbers of 3.3–3.9 at 0.3 V could be achieved as the Se/Fe ratios varied from 2.0 to 4.0. The Fe and Se were presented at the surface of FeSe2/C upon further reduction on FeSe2. The Se/Fe ratios slightly influenced the degree of graphitization in carbon support and the amount of active sites for ORR.
Phase Equilibria in the System CuMnO (1967)

Abstract A T‐x‐section of the phase diagram is proposed for the system CuMnO in air between 750 and 1,400°C. From X‐ray and chemical analyses on quenched samples and from high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction studies the occurrence of the following phases is deduced: a cubic phase α‐Mn 2 O 3 , a phase Cu x Mn 3−x O 4+γ (0 ⩽ x < 0.2 and 0 < γ < 0.02) with a tetragonally deformed spinel structure, a cubic spinel phase Cu x Mn 3−x O 4+γ (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.03 and −0.08 < γ < 0.02), a crednerite‐like phase Cu y Mn 1−y O (0.50 < y < 0.53) with monoclinic structure, a delafossite‐like phase Cu y Mn 1−y O (0.54 < y < 0.60) with hexagonal structure, a liquid phase, the phase Cu 2 O and the phase CuO. CuMn 2 O 4 was found to be cubic or tetragonal at room temperature, depending on the temperature of quenching. The po 2 ‐x‐section of the system CuMnO at 1,000°C, as determined by S CHMAHL and M ÜLLER (1964), was confirmed and could be farther extended to lower oxygen pressures. The valencies of the cations, especially of those in the spinel structure, are discussed.