gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buoyancy induced limits for nanoparticle synthesis experiments in horizontal premixed low-pressure flat-flame reactors (2013)

Abstract Premixed low-pressure flat-flame reactors can be used to investigate the synthesis of nanoparticles. The present work examines the flow field inside such a reactor during the formation of carbon (soot) and iron oxide (from Fe(CO)5) nanoparticles, and how it affects the measurements of nanoparticle size distribution. The symmetry of the flow and the impact of buoyancy were analysed by three-dimensional simulations and the nanoparticle size distribution was obtained by particle mass spectrometry (PMS) via molecular beam sampling at different distances from the burner. The PMS measurements showed a striking, sudden increase in particle size at a critical distance from the burner, which could be explained by the flow field predicted in the simulations. The simulation results illustrate different fluid mechanical phenomena which have caused this sudden rise in the measured particle growth. Up to the critical distance, buoyancy does not affect the flow, and an (almost) linear growth is observed in the PMS experiments. Downstream of this critical distance, buoyancy deflects the hot gas stream and leads to an asymmetric flow field with strong recirculation. These recirculation zones increase the particle residence time, inducing very large particle sizes as measured by PMS. This deviation from the assumed symmetric, one-dimensional flow field prevents the correct interpretation of the PMS results. To overcome this problem, modifications to the reactor were investigated; their suitability to reduce the flow asymmetry was analysed. Furthermore, ‘safe’ operating conditions were identified for which accurate measurements are feasible in premixed low-pressure flat-flame reactors that are transferrable to other experiments in this type of reactor. The present work supports experimentalists to find the best setup and operating conditions for their purpose. Keywords: flame reactornanoparticle synthesisbuoyancy effectCFDlaminar flame Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the German Research Foundation (DFG) as well as by the state of North Rhine-Westphalia and the European Commission through ‘NETZ’.
The Pediatric/Adolescent Adnexal Mass (2002)

Scharfe, Andrea C. MB, Bch, BAO; Bristow, Robert E. MD; Zahurak, Mariana L. MS; Khouzami, Victor A. MD; Fox, Harold E. MD; Montz, Fredrick J. MD, KM Author Information
FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS OF DRUG-TARGET ENGAGEMENT ON CIRCULATING TUMOR CELLS CAPTURED FROM PATIENT BLOOD CORRELATE WITH PATIENT PROGRESSION (2011)

Chemotherapeutic treatment is limited by the heterogeneous and short-lived efficacy of therapy. Functional assays of tubulin bundling on microchip-captured circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in late-stage castrate-resistance prostate cancer are presented for the first time, and results are interpreted in the context of patient progression. Anti-PSMA capture leads to high capture rates of cells that remain functionally responsive to chemotherapies. These results point to the potential for microfluidicallycaptured CTCs to inform clinical care in this patient population.
Military turbojet component design and validation with thermostructural composite material (1995)

Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) materials based on a concept providing both high temperature capabilities and high mechanical strength can meet new turbojet requirements. They have the potential to enhance performance and durability of pertinent parts. Lab characterization performed on test samples showed that SEPCARBINOX {reg_sign} C/SiC composites with adequate finishing treatments can sustain temperatures up to 600 - 650{degrees}C for long duration and CERASEP {reg_sign} SiC/SiC composites can sustain temperatures up to 1200{degrees}C. A large amount of R&D activities at SEP on CMC components over the last 10 years have demonstrated a good potential for C/SiC and SiC/SiC composites and brought design experience and methodology for developments. In the future, engines should be able to take advantage of an improved thermostructural material specifically developed for turbojet environment.
Abrupt transition from slow to fast melting of ice (2022)

How fast ice melts in turbulent flows is key to many natural and industrial processes, most notably the melting of ice in polar regions. To better understand the physical mechanics quantitatively we examine the lateral melting behavior through numerical simulations and theory in a vertical convection system of ice and fresh water. We find that the melting rate of ice as a function of increasing heating temperature undergoes an abrupt transition from a slow- to a fast-melting state, contrary to the intuition of a gradual transition. The abrupt transition of the ice melting rate is due to the emergence of a reversed buoyant flow, due to the density anomaly of water near the melting point.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Substituted‐5‐((2‐nitro‐2‐phenyl)‐ethyl)imidazoles (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Linking genotype to aorto‐coronary atherosclerosis: a model using familial hypercholesterolemia and aorto‐coronary calcification (1999)

Most studies of the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease occur between gene variants and biochemical or physiological variables known to be atherogenic. In many situations, however, the gene products are not necessarily known. We studied 17 families (n = 122) with mutations in the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor gene as a model in which to test formally for linkage directly between an atherogenic genotype and ischemic heart disease (IHD) or aorto-coronary calcified atherosclerosis. In each family one of three different mutations was found: the Trp66-Gly mutation, the Trp23-Stop mutation, or a ten kilobase deletion removing exons 3-6 of the LDL receptor gene. Genomic DNA was used to determine these mutations by either enzymatic cleavage assays or Southern blotting. Aorto-coronary calcification was significantly associated with age and plasma cholesterol. Sex, hypertension, BMI and smoking were not associated with aorto-coronary calcification. Nonparametric analysis indicated significant linkage of the LDL receptor gene locus to aortic (p < 0.00005) and to aorto-coronary calcified atherosclerosis (p < 0.00001). Assuming a dominant mode of inheritance, significant linkage was detected for aortic (LOD = 3.89) and aorto-coronary calcified atherosclerosis (LOD = 4.10). We suggest that the atherogenicity of variations in other genes could be assessed by a similar approach.
The Organization of Actin Filaments in the Stereocilia of the Bird Cochlea (1980)

Extending from the apical surface of each hair cell of the chick cochlea are from 75 to 200 microvilli or stereocllia and one true cllium, the kinocilium. The stereocllia are arranged in rows of progressively increasing length (Fig. 1). Within each tapering sterocilium is a bundle of actin filaments with over 900 filaments near the tip yet only approximately 25 at the base where filaments are enmeshed in a dense material (Fig. 1); from here some of the filaments enter the apical surface of the cell (cuticular plate) as a rootlet. Examination of longitudinal sections of the stereocilia (Fig. 2) show that the filaments are aligned parallel to each other and show considerable order. Examination of an optical diffraction pattern of this bundle (Fig. 4) reveal that the actin filaments are packed such that the crossover points of adjacent actin filaments are inregister. A prominent reflection at 125Å −1 demonstrates that the filaments are cjossbridged by a macromolecular bridge situated at an average of 125Å −1 intervals (Fig. 4) in transverse sections the filaments appear hexagonally packed although there are regions where the filaments are less ordered (Fig. 3). In images processed in the computer to remove, noise and enhance detail periodic nature of the bridge can be clearly seen (see arrows Fig. 5). This image resembles that of an actin paracrystal formed from sea urchin extract composed of bundles of actin filaments crossbridged by a second protein. Thus the actin filaments in the bird stereocilia by being cross-bridged and packed with a high degree of order and produces a structure with considerable structural rigidity. Embryos were studied at various stages in development in an attempt to determine how the stereocilia form and how does the actin packing develops. These stages will be discussed.
A Random Multiple-Access Protocol with Spatial Interactions (2009)

We analyse an ALOHA-type random multiple-access protocol where users have local interactions. We show that the fluid model of the system workload satisfies a certain differential equation. We obtain a sufficient condition for the stability of this differential equation and deduce from that a sufficient condition for the stability of the protocol. We discuss the necessary condition. Furthermore, for the underlying Markov chain, we estimate the rate of convergence to the stationary distribution. Then we establish an interesting and unexpected result showing that the main diagonal is locally unstable if the input rate is sufficiently small. Finally, we consider two generalisations of the model.
Self-Assembly of Charged Supramolecular Sandwiches Formed by Corannulene Tetraanions and Lithium Cations (2012)

The reduction of corannulene (C20H10) with excess lithium metal in a strong chelating O-donor solvent, diglyme, leads to the formation of the highly reduced C20H104– anion. However, in contrast to the formation of the sandwich-type supramolecular aggregate [Li5(C20H104–)2]3– observed in THF, corannulene tetraanions and lithium counterions in diglyme form only contact ion pairs according to 7Li NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, the slow dissociation of the premade sandwich [Li5(C20H104–)2]3– in neat diglyme has been demonstrated by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy. In contrast, the [Li5(C20H104–)2]3– sandwich can be crystallized from the THF/diglyme mixture as the new crystalline product [Li(THF)2(diglyme)]+[Li2(THF)(diglyme)//Li5(C20H104–)2]−, showing a complex 1D hybrid architecture according to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction study.
Endocrine Responses of Cows Subjected to Controlled Voltages During Milking (1982)

For the relative influence of central and of peripheral inhibitive mechanisms on the milk-ejection reflex, dairy cows were subjected to control voltages during milking. Integrated 1-min jugular vein samples were taken at -20, -12, -9, -2, -1, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 20 min relative to the start of milking for measurement of norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, oxytocin, and prolactin. Cows were subjected to voltages that resulted in body currents of 5 mA. For the response of cows to continuously applied voltage, the voltage remained on for 20 min starting 10 min prior to milking. For the response to intermittently applied voltage, the voltage was on for 5 of every 30 s. Milk yield and milking time were decreased in cows subjected to stimulation by intermittent voltage. This decrease could not be explained by changes in peripheral concentrations of either oxytocin or catecholamines. Plasma prolactin did decrease; however, it seems unlikely the prolactin would affect the milk-ejection reflex. We hypothesize that this decrease in milk yield resulted from neural mediated changes within the mammary gland.
VEHICLE'S VELOCITY TIME SERIES PREDICTION USING NEURAL NETWORK (2011)

This paper presents the prediction of vehicle's velocity time series using neural networks. For this purpose, driving data is firstly collected in real world traffic conditions in the city of Tehran using advance vehicle location devices installed on private cars. A multi-layer perceptron network is then designed for driving time series forecasting. In addition, the results of this study are compared with the auto regressive (AR) method. The least root mean square error (RMSE) and median absolute percentage error (MDAPE) are utilized as two criteria for evaluation of predictions accuracy. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for prediction of driving data time series.
Structure of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae HO</i> Gene and Analysis of Its Upstream Regulatory Region (1986)

The HO gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a site-specific endonuclease that initiates mating type interconversion. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3,129-base-pair (bp) segment containing HO. The segment contains a single long open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 586 amino acids, which has unusual (unbiased) codon usage and is preceded by 762 bp of upstream region. The predicted HO protein is basic (16% lysine and arginine) and is calculated to have a secondary structure that is 30% helical. The corresponding transcript is initiated approximately 50 nucleotides prior to the presumed initiation codon. Insertion of an Escherichia coli lacZ gene fragment into the putative HO coding segment inactivated HO and formed a hybrid HO-lacZ gene whose beta-galactosidase activity was regulated by the mating type locus in the same manner as HO (repressed by a 1-alpha 2). Upstream regions of 1,360 and 762 bp conferred strong repression; 436 bp led to partial constitutivity and 301 bp to full constitutivity. Thus, DNA sequences that confer repression of HO by a1-alpha 2 are at least 250 nucleotides upstream of the transcription start point and are within 436 nucleotides of the HO initiation codon. The progressive loss of repression suggests that both the -762 to -436 and the -436 to -301 intervals contain sites for regulation by a1-alpha 2. The HO gene contains two distinct regions that promote autonomous replication of plasmids in S. cerevisiae. These regions contain sequences that are homologous to the two conserved sequences that are associated with ARS activity.
Origin of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (2003)

With recent improvements in space geodesy, the Earth's center of mass (CM) and center of figure (CF) are no longer indistinguishable. The current origin of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) is defined as the CM, which shows measured seasonal variations of several millimeters to 1 cm with respect to true CM. As scientists study Earth's dynamic deformations on seasonal and shorter timescales and begin to compare observed geocenter motion with predictions from geophysical models, the reference frame origin presents significant error due to missing the geocenter motion. This paper discusses the nature of the origin of the ITRF and explores the sensitivity of GPS measurements to geocenter motion. We find that since the values of nonlinear geocenter motion are not included in the positions of the ITRF sites, the behavior of the current ITRF origin reflects CM on secular timescale but reflects CF on seasonal and short timescales. The nature of the ITRF origin depends on both the adopted kinematic model and unmodeled network motion. The realized ITRF origin should be defined by a new nomenclature to reflect its nature accurately. By the new nomenclature, the origin will maintain its current long‐term stability, while improving its stability on seasonal timescales to the submillimeter level. With the degree‐1 deformation approach, GPS measurements are able to provide potentially valuable information on geocenter variations on seasonal and short timescales.
How oscillating aerodynamic forces explain the timbre of the hummingbird’s hum and other animals in flapping flight (2021)

How hummingbirds hum is not fully understood, but its biophysical origin is encoded in the acoustic nearfield. Hence, we studied six freely hovering Anna's hummingbirds, performing acoustic nearfield holography using a 2176 microphone array in vivo, while also directly measuring the 3D aerodynamic forces using a new aerodynamic force platform. We corroborate the acoustic measurements by developing an idealized acoustic model that integrates the aerodynamic forces with wing kinematics, which shows how the timbre of the hummingbird's hum arises from the oscillating lift and drag forces on each wing. Comparing birds and insects, we find that the characteristic humming timbre and radiated power of their flapping wings originates from the higher harmonics in the aerodynamic forces that support their bodyweight. Our model analysis across insects and birds shows that allometric deviation makes larger birds quieter and elongated flies louder, while also clarifying complex bioacoustic behavior.
Linguistic Redundancy in Twitter (2011)

In the last few years, the interest of the research community in micro-blogs and social media services, such as Twitter, is growing exponentially. Yet, so far not much attention has been paid on a key characteristic of micro-blogs: the high level of information redundancy. The aim of this paper is to systematically approach this problem by providing an operational definition of redundancy. We cast redundancy in the framework of Textual En-tailment Recognition. We also provide quantitative evidence on the pervasiveness of redundancy in Twitter, and describe a dataset of redundancy-annotated tweets. Finally, we present a general purpose system for identifying redundant tweets. An extensive quantitative evaluation shows that our system successfully solves the redundancy detection task, improving over baseline systems with statistical significance.
Heme sulfuric anhydrides. II. Properties of heme models prepared from mesoheme sulfuric anhydrides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeme sulfuric anhydrides. II. Properties of heme models prepared from mesoheme sulfuric anhydridesPaul K. Warme and Lowell P. HagerCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 7, 1606–1614Publication Date (Print):March 31, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 31 March 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00809a020https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00809a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA Damage by Nitric Oxide (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVOpen ForumNEXTDNA Damage by Nitric OxideSnait Tamir, Samar Burney, and Steven R. TannenbaumView Author Information Division of Toxicology and Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, 16-822, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307 Cite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1996, 9, 5, 821–827Publication Date (Web):July 15, 1996Publication History Received23 February 1996Published online15 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx9600311https://doi.org/10.1021/tx9600311discussionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1322Altmetric-Citations196LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Genetics,Immunology,Nucleic acid structure,Physiology Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Imidazolylchroman‐4‐ones, N‐Imidazolyl‐1‐tetralones, and Their Alcohols as Hypolipemic Agents Raising High‐Density Lipoproteins. (1986)

Abstract Die im Titel genannten Verbindungen (III), die z.Tl. hypolipidämisch wirken, werden hauptsächlich entsprechend den angegebenen Umsetzungen hergestellt.
Naturally occurring bioactive compounds from four repellent essential oils against <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> whiteflies (2015)

This new sustainable strategy for protecting vegetable crops against whiteflies is discussed, in addition to the use of companion plants that could produce such bioactive compounds.
A New Species of Pityophthorus eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from Southern Florida with a Key to the Florida Species (1993)

T. H. Atkinson, A New Species of Pityophthorus eichhoff (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) from Southern Florida with a Key to the Florida Species, The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 76, No. 4 (Dec., 1993), pp. 608-616
A novel approach for increasing sensitivity in lateral flow assays: Development of an enrichment module based on polyethylene sintered bodies (2012)

Abstract Lateral flow assays (LFAs, e.g. the well established pregnancy test) are frequently used, fast and easy‐to‐handle immunoassays with a broad application range. Nevertheless, the restriction to small sample volumes is one of the major drawbacks and can be the reason for lack of sensitivity. In order to detect even small amounts of analyte in big sample volumes without the need for time consuming sample preparation or sophisticated labelling or detection technologies, the aim of the here presented research was the development of an ‘enrichment module’, which can be integrated into the workflow of a LFA. The core element of this enrichment module was a cleavable biological interface structure. A fusion protein, which was expressed recombinant and consisted of a monomeric concanavalin A (Con A) domain and a monomeric streptavidin domain (SAv), was used as interface structure. For the construction of the entire module, the polysaccharide mannan was firstly covalently attached to a porous polyethylene (PE) sintered body in a four‐stage procedure. This immobilisation procedure was monitored by a modified Bradford assay. In the next step, the Con A–SAv fusion protein was added. In order to assess the functionality of the enrichment module, a model assay was developed. The SAv domain of the attached fusion protein was specifically recognised by a primary and a secondary, horseradish peroxidase (HRP)‐labelled, antibody. The HRP‐reaction was used for photometric detection in order to characterise binding properties of the enrichment module and to prove binding characteristics of the fusion protein.