gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boiling Points and Critical Properties of Hydrocarbons (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoiling Points and Critical Properties of HydrocarbonsR. L. Smith and K. M. WatsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1937, 29, 12, 1408–1414Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50336a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50336a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views366Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Myosin-X functions in polarized epithelial cells (2012)

Myosin-X (Myo10) is an unconventional myosin that localizes to the tips of filopodia and has critical functions in filopodia. Although Myo10 has been studied primarily in nonpolarized, fibroblast-like cells, Myo10 is expressed in vivo in many epithelia-rich tissues, such as kidney. In this study, we investigate the localization and functions of Myo10 in polarized epithelial cells, using Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells as a model system. Calcium-switch experiments demonstrate that, during junction assembly, green fluorescent protein-Myo10 localizes to lateral membrane cell-cell contacts and to filopodia-like structures imaged by total internal reflection fluorescence on the basal surface. Knockdown of Myo10 leads to delayed recruitment of E-cadherin and ZO-1 to junctions, as well as a delay in tight junction barrier formation, as indicated by a delay in the development of peak transepithelial electrical resistance (TER). Although Myo10 knockdown cells eventually mature into monolayers with normal TER, these monolayers do exhibit increased paracellular permeability to fluorescent dextrans. Importantly, knockdown of Myo10 leads to mitotic spindle misorientation, and in three-dimensional culture, Myo10 knockdown cysts exhibit defects in lumen formation. Together these results reveal that Myo10 functions in polarized epithelial cells in junction formation, regulation of paracellular permeability, and epithelial morphogenesis.
Isolation, purification and characterisation of 2-oxoglutarate reductase from Fusobacterium nucleatum (1991)

2-Oxoglutarate reductase from Fusobacterium nucleatum was isolated by thiol-disulphide interchange covalent chromatography. The enzyme was purified approximately 4000-fold and had a molecular mass of 68 kDa. The Michaelis constants for 2-oxoglutarate and NADH were 6.4 × 10−5 and 0.4 × 10−5, respectively. The involvement of sulphahydryl groups in catalysis was shown from the inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate reduction in the presence of 2,2′-dipyridyl disulphide and reactivation with 2-mercaptoethanol. Allosteric effectors did not alter the rate of the reaction, or the enzyme stability. With the exception of 2-oxoglutarate, none of the other oxo-acids such as oxaloacetate, pyruvate, 2-oxobutyrate and glyoxylate were reduced. Although 2-oxoglutarate oxidised NADPH to a limited extent (3%), the enzyme was almost entirely specific towards NADH. 2-Oxoglutarate reductase was stable at 45°C for 10 min, while incubation at 60°C abolished all activity.
Towards a classification of translator profiles based on eye-tracking and keylogging data (2013)

This article seeks to formulate translator profiles based on process data from keylogging and eye-tracking, while at the same time identifying features which are shared by all translators in a sample consisting of both students and professionals. Data have been collected from 12 professional translators and 12 graduate students translating three texts of varying complexity. We found that individual behavioural characteristics with respect to initial orientation in the source text (ST), online ST reading, and online and end revision remained relatively constant across texts of varying complexity, supporting our hypothesis that translator profiles can be observed which are independent of the difficulty of the translation task. The analysis of the data also indicated that translators could be grouped into broad categories of locally-oriented and globally-oriented translation styles, which are partly, though not entirely, comparable to styles known from writing research. We also identified shared features with respect to reading and revision behaviour during drafting. Common to all translators was that they looked beyond the source text word they were about to translate, and that they made revisions while drafting the translation.
Deep Hyperspherical Learning (2017)

Convolution as inner product has been the founding basis of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the key to end-to-end visual representation learning. Benefiting from deeper architectures, recent CNNs have demonstrated increasingly strong representation abilities. Despite such improvement, the increased depth and larger parameter space have also led to challenges in properly training a network. In light of such challenges, we propose hyperspherical convolution (SphereConv), a novel learning framework that gives angular representations on hyperspheres. We introduce SphereNet, deep hyperspherical convolution networks that are distinct from conventional inner product based convolutional networks. In particular, SphereNet adopts SphereConv as its basic convolution operator and is supervised by generalized angular softmax loss - a natural loss formulation under SphereConv. We show that SphereNet can effectively encode discriminative representation and alleviate training difficulty, leading to easier optimization, faster convergence and comparable (even better) classification accuracy over convolutional counterparts. We also provide some theoretical insights for the advantages of learning on hyperspheres. In addition, we introduce the learnable SphereConv, i.e., a natural improvement over prefixed SphereConv, and SphereNorm, i.e., hyperspherical learning as a normalization method. Experiments have verified our conclusions.
Antioxidant and selected chemical properties of the flowers of three different varieties of Butterfly Pea (<i>Clitoria ternatea</i> L.) (2020)

The Ceylon Journal of Science is published by the University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka. Full text available. The journal also has its own website. The Ceylon Journal of Science is a continuation of the Ceylon Journal of Science (Biological Sciences) which is no longer being published as a separate journal. The history of the journal can be found here.From May 2020, Ceylon Journal of Science is indexed in DOAJ.
The Need for Centralized Securities Regulations in the European Union (2000)

Developing a system of securities regulation in the European Union has been a difficult task. Currently, markets are regulated at the national level and are guided by certain minimum standards established by EU Directives. The Investment Services Directive, enacted in 1996, was heralded as the final piece of legislation required to complete a unified market for securities. This Note discusses the ISD's failure to result in a fully integrated market and concludes that EU markets need supervision by a centralized regulatory body to allow them to become fully integrated.
The Application of in Vitro Models to Research on Demineralization and Remineralization of the Teeth (1995)

Progress in in vivo and in situ experimentation has led many researchers to speculate as to the relevance and importance of in vitro testing protocols in caries research. A Medline/Biosis search for the present review revealed well over 300 citations (since 1989) documenting in vitro tests associated with caries research on mineralization and fluoride reactivity. The present survey documents these recent applications of in vitro test methods in both mechanistic and 'profile' caries research. In mechanistic studies, in vitro protocols over the past five years have made possible detailed studies of dynamics occurring in mineral loss and gain from dental tissues and the reaction dynamics associated with fluoride anticaries activity. Similarly, in profile applications, in vitro protocols make possible the inexpensive and rapid--yet sensitive--assessment of F anticaries efficacy within fluoride-active systems, and these tests represent a key component of product activity confirmation. The ability to carry out single variable experiments under highly controlled conditions remains a key advantage in in vitro experimentation, and will likely drive even further utilization, as advances continue in physical-chemical and analytical techniques for substrate analysis in these protocols. Despite their advantages in vitro testing protocols have significant limitations, most particularly related to their inability to simulate the complex biological processes involved in caries.
Quantifying the association between computerised measures of attention and confusion assessment method defined delirium: a prospective study of older orthopaedic surgical patients, free of dementia (2008)

To date the absence of any well validated neuropsychological markers of delirium has hindered progress of research of delirium. The data within this study suggest key indices of attention and in particular fluctuating cognition may offer excellent discriminative utility for this clinically important condition.
Displacement Reactions at Bridgeheads of Bridged Polycarbocyclic Systems. (1954)

A bridged ring system is defined as one in which two rings have three or more atoms in common. Those ring atoms which are bonded to three other ring atoms are called bridgehead atoms. Bridgehead displacements will be taken to include all reactions in which one atom attached to a bridgehead carbon atom is replaced by another atom, regardless of mechanism, and in which the ring skeleton remains unaltered. The available literature to June, 1954, is covered in this review.
Guanine nucleotides modulate the affinity of antagonists at beta-adrenergic receptors. (1981)

Investigation of the properties of the binding of the radiolabelled antagonists (125I)-iodohydroxybenzylpindolol, (125I)-iodopindolol, and (125I)-iodocyanopindolol to beta-adrenergic receptors of L6 myoblast membranes revealed that guanine nucleotides caused a 2 to 4.5 fold increase in the apparent affinity of these antagonists. No significant effects of GTP were observed on the density of binding sites determined with each radioligand. GTP, GDP, and GMPPNP were of similar high affinity in producing this effect, while GMP was much less potent, and ATP was without effect. Under similar assay conditions GTP reduced the apparent binding affinity of the agonist isoproterenol for the beta-adrenergic receptors of L6 cells. The results indicate that, contrary to previous observations, guanine nucleotides affect not only the interactions of agonists with beta-adrenergic receptors, but also the interaction of antagonists with these adenylate cyclase-linked receptors.
범죄 텍스트의 언어학적 분석 -법률,수사언어학적 분석방법을 통한 피의자의 신원확인- (2009)

In deutschsprachigen Landern werden kriminalistische Texte wie Erpresserbriefe o.A. ublicherweise mithilfe linguistischer Methoden analysiert, um den Tater eines Verbrechens zu identifizieren. Die Disziplin, in der solche linguistischen Methoden zur Anwendung kommen, heist im Deutschen `forensische Linguistik`. Sie ist in Korea immer noch fremd. In diesem Aufsatz werden deshalb zuerst anhand von Kniffka (1990), Blum (1990), Engel (1990), Has-Zumkehr (2002), Wolf (2002), Schall (2004), Rathert (2006) u.a. die Diskussionen in der forensischen Linguistik uberprUft. Linguistische Methoden, die zur Tateridentifizierung beitragen sollen, sind die orthographische Fehleranalyse, die lexikologische bzw. morphologische Analyse und die syntaktische Analyse der kriminalistischen Texte. Orthographische bzw. interpunktionelle Fehler kommen je nach dem Bildungsniveau, der Herkunft u.a. konsistent vor. Haufig gebrauchte Worter und Wortbildungsmuster dienen ebenfalls zur Tateridentifizierung. Auserdem liefern die syntaktischen Eigenschaften, die sich im Text finden lassen, gute forensisch-linguistische Informationen. Durch linguistische Analysen lasst sich also feststellen, ob der Tater Muttersprachler ist oder nicht. Daruber hinaus konnen die Herkunft, das Bildungsniveau, das Alter, der Beruf u.a. des Taters herausgefunden werden. Die Anzahl der Tater ist daduch ebenfalls zu ermitteln. Anhand der oben genannten Methoden wird in diesem Aufsatz eine Fallstudie durchgefuhrt, in der ein Erpresserbrief an ein Unternehmen orthographisch, lexikologisch bzw. morphologisch und syntaktisch analysiert wird.
Mapping Pixel Windows To Vectors For Parallel Processing (1996)

Mapping performed by matrices of transistor switches. Arrays of transistor switches devised for use in forming simultaneous connections from square subarray (window) of n x n pixels within electronic imaging device containing np x np array of pixels to linear array of n(sup2) input terminals of electronic neural network or other parallel-processing circuit. Method helps to realize potential for rapidity in parallel processing for such applications as enhancement of images and recognition of patterns. In providing simultaneous connections, overcomes timing bottleneck or older multiplexing, serial-switching, and sample-and-hold methods.
Development of nasal vaccines based on cholera toxin B subunit conjugated to bacterial polysaccharides (1997)

Objective: Cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) is a strong mucosal immunogen and has also been used as a mucosal carrier for other protein antigens, but not previously for polysaccharide antigens. The aim of this thesis was to see if CTB could be used as a mucosal carrier for polysaccharides, particularly for nasal vaccinations. As CTB has not been used for intranasal vaccinations before, volunteers were vaccinated with different doses of CTB as a nasal spray. Dextran and Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide (HibCPS) were coupled to CTB and used for immunization studies in mice.Methods: Volunteers were vaccinated with 10, 100 and 1000 µg of CTB as a nasal spray. Side effects were recorded and the antibody responses in serum and nasal and vaginal secretions were measured in ELISA. Dextran and HibCPS were conjugated to CTB and the conjugates were used for mucosal immunizations of mice. The antibody responses in mice were measured in serum and in extracts of organs.Results: The 10 and 100 µg doses did not give any side effects in the volunteers, while the 1000 µg dose gave local side effects. The 100 µg dose elicited IgA and IgG antibody responses in serum and nasal and vaginal secretions. Dextran was coupled to CTB. Intranasal and peroral immunizations with the conjugate elicited local and systemic antibody responses to dextran, in contrast to the immunizations with unconjugated dextran, which did not elicit any antibodies. Pre-existing local immunity to CTB suppressed the antibody response to dextran after immunization with conjugate. HibCPS could not be efficiently conjugated to CTB directly. As an alternative, HibCPS was first coupled to tetanus toxoid and then to CTB. The HibTTCTB conjugate elicited local and systemic antibody responses after intranasal immunization, but the HibTT conjugate did not elicit any local antibodies after intranasal immunization. Conclusions: It is possible to obtain a local and systemic antibody response to a bacterial polysaccharide after intranasal immunization if it is coupled to CTB. CTB can be given safely to humans intranasally in an immunogenic dose. Thus, bacterial polysaccharides conjugated to CTB can potentially be used as nasal vaccines.
Precise carbon-13 n.m.r. multiplicity determination (1981)

C. Le Cocq and J. Lallemand, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 150 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000150
Comparison of Fixed-Bearing and Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasties (2001)

The purpose of the current study was to directly compare the results of fixed-bearing and mobile-bearing total knee arthroplasties in the same patient who had bilateral simultaneous total knee replacements. A fixed-bearing total knee prosthesis (AMK) was implanted in one knee and a mobile-bearing total knee prosthesis (LCS) was implanted in the other knee in 116 patients. The average age of the patients was 65 years (range, 33-70 years). The average followup was 7.4 years (range, 6-8 years). Clinical and radiographic followup was done using Knee Society and Hospital for Special Surgery knee rating systems at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year after surgery, and yearly thereafter. Total knee score, pain score, mean functional score, and range of motion were comparable in both groups. Two knee replacements (2%) in one patient with AMK prostheses were revised because of complete wear of tibial bearing polyethylene. One knee replacement (1%) in one patient with an LCS prosthesis was revised because of dislocation of the medial tibial bearing polyethylene and one knee replacement (1%) in one patient with an LCS prosthesis was revised because of complete wear of the medial tibial bearing polyethylene. No knee had aseptic loosening or osteolysis in either group. After a minimum followup of 6 years, the results of fixed- and mobile-bearing total knee prostheses in the current series are favorable. However, there is no evidence to prove the superiority of the mobile-bearing total knee design.
A hill-climbing approach to the queue depth assignment problem to ensure customer QoS subscriptions (2002)

We describe an approach and prototype implementation of a method for insuring customer QoS subscriptions in a switched network. We pose the problem as a queue depth assignment problem. Each switch has a finite amount of available memory, and each output port on a switch has an adjustable queue depth for every QoS level. The problem is to find a near-optimal set of queue depths which (i) maximize the throughput of the switch, (ii) satisfy customer QoS subscriptions, and (iii) make effective use of the memory of the switch. Each QoS carries its own penalty for lost and delayed cells. The M/M/1/K queueing model is used to determine the cell loss rate and cell transfer delay. An objective cost function is derived. A hill-climbing algorithm was determined to be the best solution.
Precious Gem-Stones of North Carolina (1967)

(1967). Precious Gem-Stones of North Carolina. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 42, No. 12, pp. 922-923.
The Intracellular Siderophore Ferricrocin Is Involved in Iron Storage, Oxidative-Stress Resistance, Germination, and Sexual Development in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2006)

Iron is required by most organisms, but an excess of this metal is potentially toxic. Consequently, uptake and intracellular storage of iron are tightly controlled. The filamentous fungus A. nidulans lacks the iron storage compound ferritin but possesses an intracellular siderophore, which is accumulated in a highly regulated manner as iron-free desferri-ferricrocin or iron-containing ferricrocin via transcriptional regulation of the nonribosomal peptide synthetase SidC. Biosynthesis of desferri-ferricrocin was low during iron-replete conditions but up-regulated by both iron starvation and intracellular iron excess, the latter caused by either a shift from iron-depleted to high-iron conditions or deregulation of iron uptake. Consequently, ferricrocin constituted only about 5% of the total iron content under iron-replete conditions but up to 64% during conditions of intracellular excess. In contrast, during iron starvation, desferri-ferricrocin was accumulated, which appears to represent a proactive strategy to prevent iron toxicity. Accumulation of the intracellular siderophore was also up-regulated by oxidative stress, which underscores the intertwining of iron metabolism and oxidative stress. Lack of the intracellular siderophore causes pleiotropic effects, as SidC deficiency results in (i) less-efficient utilization of iron, indicated by reduced growth under iron-depleted conditions and a higher iron demand under iron-replete conditions, (ii) delayed germination under iron-depleted conditions, (iii) increased sensitivity of conidia to oxidative stress, and (iv) elimination of cleistothecia formation in homothallic conditions.
The boundary-layer regime for convection in a rectangular cavity (1966)

This paper studies the two-dimensional convective motion in a rectangular cavity, the two vertical sides of which are maintained at different temperatures. This system is studied for the special case in which the temperature difference Δ T between the two vertical walls is so large that the transfer of heat from one vertical wall to the other is achieved almost entirely by convection . Heat transfer by conduction is assumed to be of importance only in thin boundary layers adjoining the walls. For a cavity of height H , the boundary layers on the two vertical walls are found to have thickness proportional to [ell ], where [ell ] 4 = κνH/γ g Δ T , and the condition for the boundary-layer regime to be established is that [ell ] be small compared with the width of the cavity. An approximate solution of the problem is obtained for the case of large values of the Prandtl number ν/κ, and found to be in satisfactory agreement with experimental results obtained by Elder (1965).
Achieving the Balance between ROS and Antioxidants: When to Use the Synthetic Antioxidants (2013)

Free radical damage is linked to formation of many degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, cataracts, and aging. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation can induce oxidative stress, leading to cell damage that can culminate in cell death. Therefore, cells have antioxidant networks to scavenge excessively produced ROS. The balance between the production and scavenging of ROS leads to homeostasis in general; however, the balance is somehow shifted towards the formation of free radicals, which results in accumulated cell damage in time. Antioxidants can attenuate the damaging effects of ROS in vitro and delay many events that contribute to cellular aging. The use of multivitamin/mineral supplements (MVMs) has grown rapidly over the past decades. Some recent studies demonstrated no effect of antioxidant therapy; sometimes the intake of antioxidants even increased mortality. Oxidative stress is damaging and beneficial for the organism, as some ROS are signaling molecules in cellular signaling pathways. Lowering the levels of oxidative stress by antioxidant supplements is not beneficial in such cases. The balance between ROS and antioxidants is optimal, as both extremes, oxidative and antioxidative stress, are damaging. Therefore, there is a need for accurate determination of individual's oxidative stress levels before prescribing the supplement antioxidants.