gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1D pixelated MV portal imager with structured privacy film: a feasibility study (2017)

Modern amorphous silicon flat panel-based electronic portal imaging devices that utilize thin gadolinium oxysulfide scintillators suffer from low quantum efficiencies (QEs). Thick two dimensionally (2D) pixelated scintillator arrays offer an effective but expensive option for increasing QE. To reduce costs, we have investigated the possibility of combining a thick one dimensional (1D) pixelated scintillator (PS) with an orthogonally placed 1D structured optical filter to provide for overall good 2D spatial resolution. In this work, we studied the potential for using a 1D video screen privacy film (PF) to serve as a directional optical attenuator and filter. A Geant4 model of the PF was built based on reflection and transmission measurements taken with a laser-based optical reflectometer. This information was incorporated into a Geant4-based x-ray detector simulator to generate modulation transfer functions (MTFs), noise power spectra (NPS), and detective quantum efficiencies (DQEs) for various 1D and 2D configurations. It was found that the 1D array with PF can provide the MTFs and DQEs of 2D arrays. Although the PF significantly reduced the amount of optical photons detected by the flat panel, we anticipate using a scintillator with an inherently high optical yield (e.g. cesium iodide) for MV imaging, where fluence rates are inherently high, will still provide adequate signal intensities for the imaging tasks associated with radiotherapy.
Why Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks Fail (2017)

Continuous nerve blocks (CNBs), compared with other forms of postoperative analgesia, are less frequently utilized, although postoperative pain control may be improved with their use. Further, it has been demonstrated that the safety and side-effect profiles of opioids and other analgesics are inferior to well-performed CNBs. For CNB success, however, several principles must be adhered to: application of appropriate indications, selection of the correct nerve to block, performance of correct CNB technique, and utilization of correct equipment. Although these are simple concepts, they are often violated and can result in block failure, especially secondary block failure, which occurs once the primary bolus block has worn off. Almost all secondary block failures and medico-legal challenges originate from the violation of ≥1 of these principles. Hilton Law of Anatomy and Fick Law of Diffusion underpin common reasons for CNB failures. In addition, novel developments in our understanding of the macroneuroanatomy and microneuroanatomy may further explain CNB failures.
Dechlorination of three tetrachlorobenzene isomers by enrichment cultures originating from a contaminated harbor follows thermodynamically favorable reactions (2016)

Dechlorination patterns of three isomers of tetrachlorobenzenes, i.e. 1,2,3,4-, 1,2,3,5-, 1,2,4,5-TeCB, and associated microbial communities were studied in anaerobic microcosms derived from a contaminated harbor. The removal of doubly, singly and un-flanked chlorine atoms was noted in the 1,2,3,4- and 1,2,3,5-TeCB dechlorinating microcosms, whereas only singly flanked chlorine was removed with 1,2,4,5-TeCB as the respiratory electron acceptor. Di- and/or mono-chlorobenzene (MCB) were observed as the main end products in the reductive dechlorination of all three TeCB isomers. Interestingly, among various potential dechlorinating pathways of TeCB isomers, the thermodynamically more favorable reactions were selectively followed by the enriched microcosms. Bacterial community profiling was applied in combination with quantitative PCR (qPCR) of 16S rRNA genes to gain an insight into TeCB dechlorinators and their putative interactions with non-dechlorinating bacteria within the community. Overall, our results provide a better understanding of microbial guilds enriched and active in anaerobic TeCB dechlorinating microcosms derived from estuarine environments.
The effects of TPA023, a GABA<sub>A</sub>α<sub>2,3</sub> subtype-selective partial agonist, on essential tremor in comparison to alcohol (2011)

Essential tremor (ET) is a relatively frequent neurological disorder that responds in some patients to gamma-aminobutyric acid A (GABA(A)) agonists such as the benzodiazepines. Partial subtype-selective GABA(A) agonists may have an improved side effect profile compared to non-selective GABA(A) agonists. However, it is unknown which GABA(A) subtypes are involved in the therapeutic effects of benzodiazepines in ET. The effects of 2 mg TPA023, a GABA(A) α2,3 subtype-selective partial agonist, on ET were compared to the effects of a stable alcohol level (0.6 g/L) and placebo in nine patients with ET. Tremor evaluation included laboratory accelerometry and a performance-based scale. Additional measurements were performed to evaluate other effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Alcohol significantly diminished tremor symptoms in the postural and kinetic condition, as assessed by laboratory accelerometry, but the performance-based rating scale was unaffected. Tremor was also reduced after TPA023 treatment in the kinetic condition, albeit not significantly. Additionally, TPA023 decreased saccadic peak velocity, while alcohol decreased subjective feelings of alertness. This study showed that alcohol reduced maximum tremor power, as assessed by laboratory accelerometry, unlike TPA023, which decreased tremor symptoms to some extent but not significantly. This study showed that treatment with an α2,3 subunit-selective GABA(A) partial agonist was less effective than a stable level of alcohol in reducing ET symptoms. These results provide no support for a therapeutic role of TPA023 in the suppression of ET symptoms.
Rotating machines-power supplies for the next generation of EM accelerators (1991)

The next generation of electromagnetic launchers (EMLs) will require compact, lightweight power supplies which can generate high-magnitude, repetitive current pulses of a very specific shape. Additionally, a simple, reliable system in which logistic concerns are minimized is required. Rotating machines, in particular compulsators, can meet these needs. The compulsator is a specialized alternator which has been designed to produce a series of high-power pulses. A number of advantages are inherent in the use of these devices for EML applications. In addition to high energy and power density, and the lack of additional power conditioning components, the machines are well-suited for the requirements of an electromagnetic (EM) gun circuit. The compulsator produces an alternating voltage which drives the current pulse through a current zero, achieving the desired pulsewidth. Conceptual designs of compulsator-driven pulsed power systems for use in 18 missions of interest were analyzed. These missions, which are summarized, include a wide variety of projectile masses and launch energies. Power supplies were designed to accommodate five types of launchers for each mission: railguns, coilguns, thermal-electric guns, hybrid guns, and the advanced electric gun. The hybrid gun represents a railgun with a thermal-electric injector and the advanced gun is a hypothetical far-term coilgun. The results of this analysis, including a general description of the compulsator, design assumptions, the methods used to achieve the desired pulse shape,s a discussion of magnetic energy recovery, gyroscopic effects, and scaling information are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Hybrid Materials for Optics and Photonics (2011)

Abstract Review: ca. 280 refs.
Assessing the level of healthcare information technology adoption in the United States: a snapshot (2006)

Adoption of HIT is limited and will likely remain slow unless significant financial resources are made available. Policy changes, such as financial incentivesto clinicians to use HIT or pay-for-performance reimbursement, may help health care providers defray upfront investment costs and initial productivity loss.
Determinação dos fatores envolvidos na produção do extrato de leveduras de uso alimentar a partir do soro de queijo (1998)

Anualmente no Brasil a produo de queijos gera cerca de 3,5 milhes de toneladas de soro que em parte incorporado s guas residuais dos laticnios e, constitui-se na principal fonte poluidora do meio ambiente nesse setor.O cultivo da levedura Kluyveromyces marxianus no soro uma forma de diminuir a carga poluente desse material, uma vez que ocasiona uma diminuio de sua demanda bioqumica de oxignio (DBO) em at 90-95%.A utilizao da biomassa gerada como matria-prima para a produo de extratos de leveduras a melhor opo econmica para justificar o processo, visto que esse produto utilizado como enaltecedor de gosto e aromas de alimentos.Em especial, o produto atinge maior
The effect of spindle perturbations on the quality of precision grinding (1996)

In grinding, there are many perturbations to the spindle that degrade the quality of the workpiece surface being ground. Imbalance of the grinding wheel and runout of the wheel are two examples of such perturbations. These disturbances manifest themselves as varying system forces or varying system displacements. The dynamics describing the combination of machinery and material removal process then determine how these perturbations affect the process, for example, the grinding force or grinding depth of cut. The system output is given in terms of the degradation in quality of the workpiece surface. It is only in the context of the whole system that the effect of poor wheel balance and poor wheel truing on workpiece quality can be assessed.
A joint PHY/MAC architecture for low‐radiated power TH‐UWB wireless ad hoc networks (2005)

Abstract Due to environmental concerns and strict constraints on interference imposed on other networks, the radiated power of emerging pervasive wireless networks needs to be strictly limited, yet without sacrificing acceptable data rates. Pulsed time‐hopping ultra‐wideband (TH‐UWB) is a radio technology that has the potential to satisfy this requirement. Although TH‐UWB is a multi‐user radio technology, non‐zero cross‐correlation between TH sequences, time‐asynchronicity between sources and a multipath channel environment make it sensitive to strong interferers and near‐far scenarios. While most protocols manage interference and multiple‐access through power control or mutual exclusion, we base our design on rate control, a relatively unexplored dimension for multiple‐access and interference management. We further take an advantage of the nature of pulsed TH‐UWB to propose an interference mitigation scheme that alleviates the need for an exclusion scheme. A source is always allowed to send and continuously adapts its channel code (hence its rate) to the interference experienced at the destination. In contrast to power control or exclusion, our MAC layer is local to sender and receiver, and does not need coordination among neighbors not involved in the transmission. We show by simulation that we achieve a significant increase in the network throughput compared to alternative designs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EMERGING THERAPIES (2008)

Account Register Activate Subscription Help Subscribe American Academy of Neurology Login Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Journal logo Issues Current IssueBack Issues CollectionsMedia Continuum AudioVideo Gallery CMEAbout About ContinuumAbout Continuum AudioSubscription Details and AccessEditorial BoardEditorial and Publishing ContactsInformation for AuthorsAAN/WFN Continuum EducationAbout AANRights and PermissionsReprints
Seizure Outcome and Memory Function after Multiple Hippocampal Transections (IN5-1.009) (2012)

Objective: To evaluate seizure outcome and memory function after multiple hippocampal transections (MHT) of the hippocampus in intractable nonlesional mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE). Background Hippocampal anatomy suggests that the circuits of memory processing (transverse lamellae) are different from those of seizure propagation (longitudinal pathways). Thus, transverse cuts may interrupt seizure circuitry without interfering with memory function. Design/Methods: 13 patients with nonlesional MTLE had depth electrode recordings confirming hippocampal seizure onset and underwent MHT. Duration of epilepsy ranged between 5 and 55 years. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) were not changed postoperatively. Intraoperative monitoring was done with 5-6 hippocampal electrodes spaced at around 1 cm intervals, and spike counting for approximately 10 minutes before each cut. The number of transections ranged between 4 and 7 resulting in marked spike reduction (p=0.003, paired t-test). Neuropsychological assessment was done preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively in all patients. Results: There were no complications. 10 patients (77%) are seizure-free (follow-up>1 year in 8 patients, and 0.3). Conclusions: MHT provides an effective intervention and a safer alternative than temporal lobectomy regarding memory preservation in patients with nonlesional MTLE. Disclosure: Dr. Kahriman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Miller has nothing to disclose. Dr. Macinuas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bailey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fastenau has nothing to disclose. Dr. Syed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Amina has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tanner has received personal compensation for activities with GlaxoSmithKline, Inc. as a speaker. Dr. Karanec has nothing to disclose. Dr. Luders has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koubeissi has received personal compensation for activities with UCB Pharma and Pfizer Inc as a speaker.
Conducting Dynamic Impact Tests Using a “Free-Flight” Drop Tower Facility: Part I — Theory (2001)

Abstract “Free-Flight” drop tower facilities provide an inexpensive means for studying the dynamic impact response and energy absorption capabilities of structural elements. They are thus a commonly used tool, especially in the automotive industry, both for validating analytical predictions of dynamic crush and for determining the dynamic crush response itself in those cases where analytical prediction capability does not exist. This paper discusses the theory underlying drop tower impact testing. Specific topics that are discussed include a general development of the governing equations, a corrected interpretation of these equations, and quantification of (and means of correcting for) the effects of aerodynamic drag, cable friction, and “pressurization” of the test specimen.
Induction of collagenase and stromelysin gene expression by mechanical injury in a vascular smooth muscle‐derived cell line (1993)

We describe a novel system for studying the production of matrix metalloproteinases types I and III (collagenase and stromelysin) by a vascular smooth muscle cell line (Rb-1 cells) in response to mechanical injury. Highly confluent Rb-1 cells are disrupted by passing a plastic comb around the plate to clear a series of circumferential paths, which are bordered by two ridges of displaced cells. Over the next 24 hours, cells migrate into the cleared areas. Northern blot analysis demonstrates the accumulation of mRNAs for collagenase and stromelysin during this process, although they are undetectable prior to injury. Cotreatment with all-trans-retinoic acid (10(-6) M) markedly decreases the level of mRNAs induced by injury, whereas dexamethasone (10(-7) M) causes only a slight reduction. In situ hybridization studies for stromelysin mRNA and immunohistochemical staining for collagenase protein on plates of injured cells showed the highest levels of stromelysin mRNA in cells in the ridges left by the injury; lower levels were observed in some cells migrating into the clear region. The same pattern of expression was observed when cells were stained with antiserum to collagenase protein. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated increases in transcription of stromelysin and collagenase genes following injury. Transient transfection of cells with a vector containing the luciferase gene driven by a wild-type promoter comprising 1.8 kb of the 5'-flanking region of the rabbit collagenase gene showed increased activity associated with injury. We conclude that: (1) mechanical injury is associated with induction of mRNAs for the metalloproteinases collagenase and stromelysin, (2) retinoic acid effectively antagonizes this responses, and (3) the increase in steady-state mRNA levels is, at least in part, transcriptionally mediated. Thus our data suggest a role for mechanical forces in initiating the changes in gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells following arterial injury in vivo.
Fault tolerance of artificial neural networks with applications in critical systems (1992)

One of the key benefits of future hardware implementations of certain artificial neural networks (ANN&apos;s) is their apparently &quot;built-in&quot; fault tolerance which makes them potential candidates for critical tasks with high reliability requirements. This paper investigates the fault-tolerance characteristics of time-continuous, recurrent ANN&apos;s that can be used to solve optimization problems. The principle of operation and the performance of these networks are first il lustrated by using wel l- known model problems like the traveling salesman prob lem and the assignment problem. The ANN&apos;s are then subjected to up to 13 simultaneous &quot;stuckat -1&quot; or &quot;stuck-at-0&quot; faults for network sizes of up to 900 &quot;neurons.&quot; The effect of these fau lts on the performance is demonstrated and the cause for the observed fau lt tolerance is discussed. An application is presented in which a network performs a critical task for a realtime distributed processing system by generating new task allocations during the ...
Prospects for Ductility and Toughness Enhancement of Nial by Ductile Phase Reinforcement (1991)

The use of NiAl as a structural material has been hindered by the fact that this ordered intermetallic does not exhibit significant tensile ductility or toughness at room temperature. A critical review of the operative flow and fracture mechanisms in monolithic NiAl has thus established the need for ductile phase toughening in this order system. Progress in ductile phase reinforced intermetallic systems in general and specifically NiAl-based materials has been reviewed. In addition, further clarification of the primary mechanisms involved in the flow and fracture of ductile phase reinforced alloys has evolved from ongoing investigations of several model NiAl-based materials. The mechanical behavior of these model directionally-solidified alloys (Ni-30Al and Ni-30Fe-20Al) are discussed. Finally, the prospects for developing a ductile phase toughened NiAl-based alloy and the shortcomings presently inherent in these systems are analyzed.
Dislocations and Plastic Deformation In Molybdenum Disilicide (1990)

A composite of MoSi 2 (reinforced with SiC whiskers) has been deformed at high temperatures and the resulting dislocation substructure studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Classical g.b analysis of the dislocations in the MoSi 2 matrix has shown that the Burgers vectors are (100), (110), and 1/2(111) which are the shortest lattice vectors in the body‐centered tetragonal lattice. Trace analysis showed that there are numerous possible slip planes for each of the determined slip directions. This result suggests that various operative slip systems can contribute to the deformation, depending on the orientation of the particular grain with respect to the stress state.
Pitch detection with average magnitude difference function using adaptive threshold algorithm for estimating shimmer and jitter (2002)

In order to estimate jitter and shimmer, we suggest a method for the detection of precise pitch and amplitude of voiced speech signal. After low-pass filtering, voiced/unvoiced decision and pitch detection is performed using the average magnitude difference function. We find a minimum value at t=/spl tau/ and also check the possible minimum value at t=/spl tau//2, /spl tau//3, /spl tau//4, /spl tau//5, /spl tau//6. By the application of adaptive threshold, we can estimate pitch more accurately.
Development and characterization of rat monoclonal antibodies to denatured mouse angiotensin‐converting enzyme (2005)

Four new rat monoclonal antibodies, generated to denatured mouse somatic angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE, CD143), detect mouse ACE with high sensitivity in Western blotting. Epitope mapping for the monoclonal antibodies--B12, 4G6 and 5C4--was also performed. Two monoclonal antibodies--B12 and 5C4--are directed to various epitopes on the N-domain--i.e., they recognized only the somatic isoform of mouse ACE. The monoclonal antibody H7 recognized an epitope on the C-domain of mouse ACE. The monoclonal antibody 4G6 was directed to a sequence on the N-domain of mouse ACE, which is homologous to a region of the C-domain and, as a result, also recognizes mouse testicular ACE (tACE) by means of Western blotting. In paraffin-embedded mouse tissues, all monoclonal antibodies detected all known expression sites of somatic ACE (sACE), e.g., the epithelial cells of the kidney proximal tubules, intestine and epididymis, and heterogeneously in endothelial cells. The monoclonal antibodies 4G6 and H7 additionally stained mouse tACE in spermatozoa and in mature spermatids. The monoclonal antibody 4G6 also demonstrated cross-reactivity with sACE from a broad spectrum of animal species, including human, rat, rabbit and bovine. However, this monoclonal antibody did not recognize the testicular isoform of ACE of these species. This set of monoclonal antibodies is useful for identifying even subtle changes in mouse ACE conformation because of denaturation. These monoclonal antibodies are also sensitive tools for the detection of mouse ACE in biological fluids and tissues by using proteomics approaches. Their high reactivity in paraffin-embedded tissues opens up opportunities to study possible changes in the pattern of ACE expression in knockout mouse models and may prove useful for correlating ACE expression in these models with human diseases.
Simulations of heat generation and conduction on a land/groove disc (2002)

We applied the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to an optical disc to estimate the energy absorption inside a multi-layered disc with land-and-groove structure. The FDTD method was developed to measure the electromagnetic fields generated by diffraction in a near-field. Afterwards we analyzed the heat conduction. We found that temperature transition depended not only on conductivity but on the initial distribution of the heat and on disc geometry.
An assessment of foreign language training for English‐speaking exporters (1999)

Reports on a study of Irish exporting companies aimed at discovering the extent to which they use foreign languages in conducting their export business and discusses the implications of its findings for export‐oriented foreign language training. Concludes that a high level of foreign language skill is not essential for success in exporting to non‐English‐speaking markets, but that some competence in the language of the foreign target market can be immensely valuable in gaining the confidence of prospective customers and in understanding their needs. Training aimed at improving the foreign language skills of exporters should also cover the culture and business practices of the foreign market, and the technical terms used in a particular industrial sector. However the real need is for competence at a relatively low level within exporting companies to enable junior staff to deal effectively with incoming messages. Language training should focus initially on developing reading and basic writing skills rather than seeking to achieve fluency in speaking the foreign language.