gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-branch decode-and-forward cooperative diversity networks performance analysis over Nakagami- <i>m</i> fading channels (2011)

In this study, the performances analysis of cooperative-diversity networks using adaptive decode-and-forward (DF) relaying over independent non-identical flat Nakagami-m fading channels is investigated. The authors derive exact and approximate closed-form expressions for the error probability, outage probability and average channel capacity, and analyse their dependence on the channel parameters. In adaptive DF relaying, among M relays that can participate, only C relays (C≤M), with good channels to the source, DF (retransmit) the source information to the destination. Then, the destination combines the direct and the indirect signals using maximum ratio combining technique. The authors derive a closed-form expression for the the moment generating function of the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination node. Then, the authors find an exact closed-form expression for the probability density function (PDF) of the total SNR at the destination. This PDF is used to derive the exact closed-form expressions of the performance metrics. Such closed-form solutions are highly desirable because they allow for rapid and efficient evaluation of system performance. Since exact expressions are complicated, the authors have introduced simple approximate expressions for the error and outage probabilities where these expressions explicitly show the diversity order. Computer simulations are used to validate our analytical results. Results show the significant performance improvement because of the use of the adaptive DF cooperative diversity. Also, results indicate that increasing the number of relays will not always decrease the outage probability.
Thinned arrays using a modified minimum redundancysynthesis technique (1997)

Results are presented for the synthesis of thinned antenna arrays formed by placing elements according to minimum redundant spacing rules. Higher levels of redundancy are allowed to permit sidelobe control by envelope synthesis.
3D MIMO Outdoor to Indoor Macro/Micro-Cellular Channel Measurements and Modeling (2015)

3-dimensional Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (3D MIMO) systems have received great interest recently because of the spatial diversity advantage and capability for full-dimensional beamforming, making them promising candidates for practical realization of massive MIMO. For 3D MIMO system design, it is important to have full characterization of the 3D MIMO propagation channel, i.e., characterize both the elevation and azimuth characteristics of the wireless propagation channel, especially at the base station end. In this paper, we present first results from a measurement campaign for obtaining these characteristics. For those measurements we use a hybrid switched/virtual cylindrical array with 480 antenna elements at the base station (BS), and a switched array with 24 antenna elements at the user equipment (UE). We perform outdoor-to-indoor (O2I) channel measurements in an urban macro-cellular (UMa) and a micro-cellular (UMi) environments. We provide the elevation and azimuth angular spreads at the transmitter and receiver, and study their dependence on the UE height. With the increase in the UE height, the BS elevation spreads decreased from 1.24 deg to 1 deg and 1.15 deg to 0.78 deg respectively for UMa and UMi; the azimuth spreads remained approximately the same (7.5 deg). Based on the measurements done with the UE placed on different floors, we study the feasibility of separating users in the elevation domain. Users were separable in 44% and 54.17% scenarios respectively for the UMa and UMi environments.
Large Depth of Field Pseudo-Bessel Beam Generation With a RLSA Antenna (2014)

The paper discusses the possibility of generating a pseudo-Bessel beam, with a propagation distance of several hundreds of wavelengths in microwave and millimeter frequency band, by using a radial line slot array (RLSA). A specific application for non-contact microwave detection of buried mines has been considered as test case. The design benefits of a holographic approach to assure the required aperture field distribution and makes use of an ad hoc optimization tool to control the antenna slot layout. The predicted and measured antenna behaviors show that high efficiency and polarization purity can be obtained by such a compact and flat antenna, achieving at the same time both manufacturing and setup simplicity.
Raman scattering in a near-surface n-GaAs layer implanted with boron ions (1999)

Structure in the Raman scattering spectra of near-surface n-GaAs layers (n=2×1018 cm−3) implanted with 100 keV B+ ions in the dose range 3.1×1011–1.2×1014 cm−2 is investigated. The qualitative and quantitative data on the carrier density and mobility and on the degree of amorphization of the crystal lattice and the parameters of the nanocrystalline phase as a result of ion implantation are obtained using a method proposed for analyzing room-temperature Raman spectra.
Structurally unstable<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mi>III</mml:mi></mml:msup><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">BiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>perovskites are predicted to be topological insulators but their stable structural forms are trivial band insulators (2014)

Structurally unstable compounds can be predicted to be topological insulators (TIs) but their stable structural forms are trivial band insulators. The authors illustrate the danger in such false positive predictions for the A${}^{I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}I}$BiO${}_{3}$ bismuth oxides that have been recently proposed as TIs in a hypothetical ``perovskite'' crystal structure-type. They show that the inversion of anti-bonding with bonding electron levels may destabilize the material and argue that to predict new candidate TIs by quantum atomistic modeling, one should simultaneously test structural stability and topological character of the candidate materials.
Scaling-up experiments of smouldering combustion as a remediation technology for contaminated soil (2008)

Self-sustaining Treatment for Active Remediation (STAR) is a novel, patent-pending process that uses smouldering combustion as a remediation technology for land contaminated with hazardous organic liquids. Compounds such as chlorinated solvents, coal tar and petroleum products, called Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) for their low miscibility with water, have a long history of use in the industrialised world and are among the most ubiquitous of contaminants worldwide. These contaminants are toxic and many are suspected or known carcinogens. Existing remediation technologies are expensive and ineffective at reducing NAPL source zones sufficiently to restore affected water resources to appropriate quality levels. STAR introduces a self-sustaining smouldering reaction within the NAPL pool in the subsurface and allows that reaction to provide all of the post-ignition energy required by the reaction to completely remediate the NAPL source zone in the soil. Results from laboratory and field experiments have been very promising. Laboratory experiments have demonstrated STAR across a wide range of NAPL fuels and focused on coal tar to identify key parameters for successful remediation. Modelling has suggested that STAR efficiency will improve with scale as effects such as heat losses from boundaries become less significant. Observations from field experiments support the modelling theory - significantly lower relative air flow in a smouldering field experiment (330L) led to faster smouldering front propagation than observed in laboratory experiments (1L and 3L). Preliminary emissions monitoring by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has suggested that STAR emissions might be low enough to meet regulatory requirements, but further study is necessary. As emissions are expected to vary with each contaminant, activated carbon filters are being developed and tested in case emissions filtration is necessary. Experiments at all scales have demonstrated that STAR is controllable and self-terminating. Pilot-scale (2500L) field trials are underway to demonstrate STAR on excavated contaminated soil. The materials that will be studied in these trials are manufactured coal tar in coarse sand (which is the same material as used in the laboratory and field experiments) as well as two soils obtained from coal tar contaminated sites. This poster focuses on the scale-up to these field trials, including small scale characterisation, large scale performance, emissions monitoring and post-treatment soil analysis.
Synthesis of the C1−C21 (C1‘-C21‘) Fragment of the Dimeric Polyketide Natural Product SCH 351448 (2002)

[structure: see text] A convergent, stereoselective assembly of the C1-C21 (C1'-C21') fragment of SCH 351448, a 28-membered bis-lactone natural product, has been developed. A highly efficient approach to this fragment assembles 75% of the carbon skeleton and all the stereochemical elements present in the natural product. In addition, an interesting boron ligand effect on the diastereoselectivity of a key aldol reaction with methyl ketone-derived enolborinates is reported.
Modelling and control of an electrostatically actuated torsional micromirror (2006)

This work aims at developing control algorithms for an electrostatically actuated torsional micromirror, extending the operational range of the device to a full 90° tilt angle. The analytical model of the micromirror equipped with an additional vertical electrode is established. Since the geometrical extent of the device is comparable to the air gap, the effect of the fringing field is also incorporated into the model. It is shown that the considered system is differentially flat and, based on this property, a closed-loop control scheme is constructed for both scanning control and set-point control. In addition, the desired performance can be specified through reference trajectories, allowing the control system tuning to be performed in a systematic way. The simulation results demonstrate the advantage of the developed control scheme over the constant voltage control.
Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities in Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (2011)

We have investigated whether Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH), equipped with artificial conductivity, is able to capture the physics of density/energy discontinuities in the case of the so-called shearing layers test, a test for examining Kelvin-Helmholtz (KH) instabilities. We can trace back each failure of SPH to show KH rolls to two causes: i) shock waves travelling in the simulation box and ii) particle clumping, or more generally, particle noise. The probable cause of shock waves is the Local Mixing Instability (LMI), previously identified in the literature. Particle noise on the other hand is a problem because it introduces a large error in the SPH momentum equation.
Evaluation of Tests with Early Life Stages of Fish for Predicting Long-Term Toxicity (1977)

Partial and complete life-cycle toxicity tests with fish, involving all developmental stages, have been used extensively in the establishment of water-quality criteria for aquatic life. During extended chronic exposures of fish to selected toxicants, certain developmental stages have frequently shown a greater sensitivity than others. In 56 life-cycle toxicity tests completed during the last decade with 34 organic and inorganic chemicals and four species of fish, the embryo–larval and early juvenile life stages were the most, or among the most, sensitive. Tests with these stages can be used to estimate the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) within a factor of two in most cases. Therefore, toxicity tests with these early life stages of fish should be useful in establishing water-quality criteria and in screening large numbers of chemicals. Key words: fish, embryos, larvae, chronic toxicity, early life stages
Plasma CD147 reflects histological features in patients with lupus nephritis (2014)

Plasma CD147 levels might offer useful insights into disease activity as a crucial biomarker in patients with LN.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Organically Templated Layered Uranium(IV) Fluorides: (H<sub>3</sub>N (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>) U<sub>2</sub>F<sub>10</sub>×2H<sub>2</sub>O (I), (H<sub>3</sub>N (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>) U<sub>2</sub>F<sub>10</sub>×3H<sub>2</sub>O (II), and (H<sub>3</sub>N (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>6</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>) U<sub>2</sub>F<sub>10</sub>×2H<sub>2</sub>O (III). (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PROTON SCATTERING OF TRITIUM AT LOW ENERGIES (1959)

Measurements were made of p -- T scattering at energies below the T(p,n) reaction threshold in order to determine the existence of ~ 20 Mev He/sup 4/ levels. A target chamber filled with hydrogen and deuterium was used for estimating the alpha particle yield from the reaction T(dn) alpha . The triton elastic scattering cross sections in hydrogen were measured at triton bombarding energies below 530 kev for three angles. The results are plotted for the energies up to 200 Mev. (R.V.J.)
Building a Natural Language Hindi Speech Interface to Access Market Information (2011)

It is a well known fact that majority of rural India earns its livelihood from agriculture and farming. Although India is a net exporter of various agricultural products, the farmer who happens to be the primary producer, has remained information poor which puts him at a disadvantage. With little or no knowledge of prices at the markets, farmers have no leverage to negotiate better prices for their produce. Speech based solution can address this issue of market price information availability to farmers. Speech based solutions are increasingly being used for transaction but they are both (a) restricted to menu based type interactions where a series of interactions are required for the transaction to take place and (b) primarily built for the English literate population synonymously urban population. Paradoxically, the benefit of a speech based solution is best reaped by the rural folks speaking their native language (very often non-English) because the other modes of transactions are either not readily available to them or if available difficult to use. In this paper, we develop a natural language Hindi speech interface to enable Hindi speaking population access market prices of commodities.
Natural product-based nanomedicine: recent advances and issues (2015)

Natural products have been used in medicine for many years. Many top-selling pharmaceuticals are natural compounds or their derivatives. These plant- or microorganism-derived compounds have shown potential as therapeutic agents against cancer, microbial infection, inflammation, and other disease conditions. However, their success in clinical trials has been less impressive, partly due to the compounds' low bioavailability. The incorporation of nanoparticles into a delivery system for natural products would be a major advance in the efforts to increase their therapeutic effects. Recently, advances have been made showing that nanoparticles can significantly increase the bioavailability of natural products both in vitro and in vivo. Nanotechnology has demonstrated its capability to manipulate particles in order to target specific areas of the body and control the release of drugs. Although there are many benefits to applying nanotechnology for better delivery of natural products, it is not without issues. Drug targeting remains a challenge and potential nanoparticle toxicity needs to be further investigated, especially if these systems are to be used to treat chronic human diseases. This review aims to summarize recent progress in several key areas relevant to natural products in nanoparticle delivery systems for biomedical applications.
Interactions of exogenous thyroxine and dietary protein levels on growth and muscle protein metabolism in broiler chickens. (1991)

Effects of exogenous thyroxine (T4) and dietary protein on growth, feed efficiency, breast muscle weights (pectoral profundus and superficial muscles), abdominal fat content, and muscle protein synthesis (Ks) and breakdown (Kd)rates based on Nτ-methylhistidine excretion were investigated in male broiler chickens (15-27 days of age). The inclusion of T4 (1.2ppm) in the low-protein diet (10%) increased rate of muscle protein breakdown and plasma concentration of T4, and decreased body weight gain, feed efficiency and breast muscle weight.On the other hand, abdominal fat content and plasma T3 concentrations were not influenced although there was a trend in T3 concentration. The inclusion of T4 in the adequate-protein diet (20%) increased rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, feed efficiency, breast muscle weight and plasma concentration of T4, but abdominal fat content and plasma T3 concentrations were not changed. The inclusion of T4 in the high-protein diet (30%) reduced both rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, abdominal fat content and plasma T3 concentrations.Body weight gain, feed efficiency and muscle weight were, however, not altered, whereas plasma concentration of T4 was increased by T4 inclusion. The present results clearly show that the effects of dietary thyroxine on feed efficiency, breast muscle weight, rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown and abdominal fat deposition are modified by dietary protein. The present results also indicate that the retarding effect of T4 on muscle growth in the low-protein group is due to the enhancement of the rate of muscle protein breakdown, and the T4 induced muscle growth in the adequate-protein group is due to the increased rate of muscle protein synthesis; when, however, a high-protein diet is given, muscle growth is not improved by T4 since both rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown are decreased.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSATION IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. NITROSOLYSIS, A NOVEL CARBON‐CARBON BOND CLEAVAGE EFFECTED THROUGH NITROSATION. NITROSOLYSIS OF KETONES AND KETONE ACETALS (1977)

Abstract Die Nitrosierung von Cyclohexanon (I) mit NOCl in flüssigem SO 2 in Gegenwart der Alkohole (II) und von HCl liefert die Oxime (II), während in Abwesenheit von HCl Ringöffnungsprodukte, z.B. (IV), entstehen (Anwendung der Reaktion auf verschiedene andere Ketone; Diskussion des Mechanismus).
Tissue relaxation time: in vivo field dependence. (1985)

Relaxation times (T1 and T2) were measured in vivo in mongrel dogs at fields of 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.35, and 1.5 tesla (T). T1 was measured using nine values of inversion time ranging from 10 to 1,280 msec. T2 was measured with a four-point multiple spin-echo sequence. Relaxation times were calculated for muscle, kidney cortex, spleen, and adipose tissue. T2 is independent of field. A linear fit to the field dependence of T1 yields slopes of 400-500 msec/T for tissues in which the primary source of protons is water. The lower slope of adipose (approximately 150 msec/T) reflects the different mechanism of spin-lattice relaxation of the -CH2 protons.
Apoptosis in cultured rat hepatocytes: The effects of tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ (1991)

We investigated the cytotoxic effects of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) on rat hepatocytes in culture. Under phase contrast microscopy, we found a small number of dying hepatocytes in control cultures, each having been transformed into a cluster of small spheres. Under transmission electron microscopy, these cells showed the characteristics of apoptosis. TNF alpha and a combination of TNF alpha and IFN gamma exerted a cytotoxic effect, whereas IFN gamma showed no significant cytotoxicity when assessed by neutral red assay and by measuring LDH activity in culture medium. Under phase contrast microscopy, the number of apoptotic cells increased with the addition of either TNF alpha or IFN gamma, and markedly with the addition of both. DNA extracted from apoptotic cells cultured with TNF alpha and IFN gamma was fragmented, and a set of bands of the '200 bp ladder', which is characteristic of the DNA of apoptotic cells, was observed in agarose gel electrophoresis. These findings indicate that cultured hepatocytes die from apoptosis. TNF alpha killed cultured rat hepatocytes by increasing apoptosis, and this effect was potentiated by the addition of IFN gamma, which by itself was also weakly cytotoxic.
Optimization of an ultra low-phase noise sapphire-SiGe HBT oscillator using nonlinear CAD (2004)

In this paper, the electrical and noise performances of a 0.8 microm silicon germanium (SiGe) transistor optimized for the design of low phase-noise circuits are described. A nonlinear model developed for the transistor and its use for the design of a low-phase noise C band sapphire resonator oscillator are also reported. The best measured phase noise (at ambient temperature) is -138 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset from a 4.85 GHz carrier frequency, with a loaded QL factor of 75,000.
Attenuation-Based Estimates of Rainfall Rates Aloft with Vertically Pointing Ka-Band Radars (2005)

Abstract An approach is suggested to retrieve low-resolution rainfall rate profiles and layer-averaged rainfall rates, Ra, from radar reflectivity measurements made by vertically pointing Ka-band radars. This approach is based on the effects of attenuation of radar signals in rain and takes advantage of the nearly linear relation between specific attenuation and rainfall rate at Ka-band frequencies. The variability of this relation due to temperature, details of raindrop size distributions, and the nature of rain (convective versus stratiform) is rather small (∼10%) and contributes little to errors in rainfall rate retrievals. The main contribution to the retrieval errors comes from the uncertainty of the difference in the nonattenuated radar reflectivities in the beginning and the end of the range resolution interval. For 2- and 1-dB uncertainties in this difference, the retrieval errors due to this main contribution are less than 34% and 17%, correspondingly, for rains with Ra ≈ 10 mm h−1 at a 1-km resolution interval. The heavier rain rates are retrieved with a better accuracy since this retrieval error contribution is proportional to 1/Ra. The retrieval accuracy can also be improved but at the expense of more coarse vertical resolutions of retrievals since the main retrieval error contribution is also proportional to the reciprocal of the resolution interval. The Mie scattering effects at Ka band results in less variability in nonattenuated reflectivities (cf. lower radar frequencies), which aids the suggested approach. Given that radar receivers are not saturated, the rainfall rates can be retrieved using cloud radars that were originally designed for measuring only nonprecipitating and weakly precipitating clouds. An important advantage of the attenuation-based retrievals of rainfall is that absolute radar calibration is not required. The inclusion of rainfall information will improve the characterization of the atmospheric column obtained with such radars used for climate research. The applications of the suggested approach are illustrated using the vertically pointing Ka-band radar measurements made during a field experiment in southern Florida. The retrieval results are in good agreement with surface estimates of rainfall rates.