gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Efficacy of Some Commercially Available Insect Repellents for<i>Aedes aegypti</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) and<i>Aedes albopictus</i>(Diptera: Culicidae) (2015)

Reducing the number of host-vector interactions is an effective way to reduce the spread of vector-borne diseases. Repellents are widely used to protect humans from a variety of protozoans, viruses, and nematodes. DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide), a safe and effective repellent, was developed during World War II. Fear of possible side effects of DEET has created a large market for "natural" DEET-free repellents with a variety of active ingredients. We present a comparative study on the efficacy of eight commercially available products, two fragrances, and a vitamin B patch. The products were tested using a human hand as attractant in a Y-tube olfactometer setup with Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse), both major human disease vectors. We found that Ae. albopictus were generally less attracted to the test subject's hand compared with Ae, aegypti. Repellents with DEET as active ingredient had a prominent repellency effect over longer times and on both species. Repellents containing p-menthane-3,8-diol produced comparable results but for shorter time periods. Some of the DEET-free products containing citronella or geraniol did not have any significant repellency effect. Interestingly, the perfume we tested had a modest repellency effect early after application, and the vitamin B patch had no effect on either species. This study shows that the different active ingredients in commercially available mosquito repellent products are not equivalent in terms of duration and strength of repellency. Our results suggest that products containing DEET or p-menthane-3,8-diol have long-lasting repellent effects and therefore provide good protection from mosquito-borne diseases.
A Data Mining Model for investigating the Impact of Promotion in Retailing (2009)

The research paper gives a model for investigating the impact of discount-oriented promotional offers in retail sale on the shoppers. The model uses a data mining approach to find the effectiveness of a promotion, "Buy two, get one free (BTGOF)", on the customers. The model inducts decision tree based on the classes defined with the quantity of purchase for the item on promotion.
Testing insecticide resistance management strategies: mosaic versus rotations (2010)

Results of both population density and resistance development indicated that insecticide rotation every generation was better for IRM than if the insecticide was rotated every third generation or if the three insecticides were applied as a mosaic.
Seroepidemiologic study of hepatitis E virus infection in pregnant women in Xiamen (2017)

Objective
To investigate the seroprevalence and epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in pregnant women in Xiamen.


Methods
Sera samples of 910 pregnant women were collected from September 2014 to June 2015 in Xiamen Huli District Maternity and Child Care Hospital. Those who intended to give birth in target hospital were included in a subgroup which was asked to collect the second serum sample. All samples were tested for anti-HEV IgM and IgG antibody by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HEV RNA was tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the positive samples of anti-HEV IgM antibody, meanwhile, the quantitative detections for anti-HEV IgG were conducted in specimens positive for anti-HEV IgG.


Results
Of the 910 pregnant women, 8 (0.88%, 95%CI 0.45%-1.73%) were anti-HEV IgM positive. HEV RNA was found in 3 cases through RT-PCR and viral load values were between 600 and 700 copies/ml; 140 (15.38%, 95%CI 13.19%-17.68%) were anti-HEV IgG positive and geometric mean concentration of the samples was 0.385 Wu/mL (95%CI 0.332-0.445 Wu/ml). The positive rate of anti-HEV IgG increased with age (P=0.004). In the subgroup, 150 pregnant women were included and followed up, 4 of those were defined as 'new HEV infection cases’ and the incidence was evaluated as 10.7/100 person-year (95%CI 3.39-25.7/100 person-year).


Conclusions
There were a low percentage of HEV carriers in pregnant women in Xiamen, but the risk of new primary infection in pregnant women during pregnancy was much higher than the general population, suggesting that it is necessary to expand sample size to clarify the burden of HEV infection during pregnancy.


Key words: 
Hepatitis E virus; Pregnant women; Seroprevalence; New infection
Self-correcting clock recovery circuit with improved jitter performance (1987)

In the letter we present a new clock recovery circuit with self-correction of the position of the retiming clock, which shows the reduction of the output jitter by deleting the phase difference of π radians in the output of the phase detector existing in Hogge's scheme.
Quantum trajectory theory for cascaded open systems (1993)

The quantum trajectory theory of an open quantum system driven by a photoemissive source is formulated. The formalism is illustrated by applying it to photon scattering from an atom driven by strongly focused coherent light.
A Remark on the Van Lieshout and Baddeley <i>J</i>-Function for Point Processes (1997)

The empty space function of a stationary point process in ℝ d is the function that assigns to each r, r > 0, the probability that there is no point within distance r of O. In a recent paper Van Lieshout and Baddeley study the so-called J -function, which is defined as the ratio of the empty space function of a stationary point process and that of its corresponding reduced Palm process. They advocate the use of the J -function as a characterization of the type of spatial interaction. Therefore it is natural to ask whether J ≡ 1 implies that the point process is Poisson. We restrict our analysis to the one-dimensional case and show that a classical construction by Szász provides an immediate counterexample. In this example the interpoint distances are still exponentially distributed. This raises the question whether it is possible to have J ≡ 1 but non-exponentially distributed interpoint distances. We construct a point process with J ≡ 1 but where the interpoint distances are bounded.
Compression Using Huffman Coding (2010)

Data compression is also called as source coding. It is the process of encoding information using fewer bits than an uncoded representation is also making a use of specific encoding schemes. Compression is a technology for reducing the quantity of data used to represent any content without excessively reducing the quality of the picture. It also reduces the number of bits required to store and/or transmit digital media. Compression is a technique that makes storing easier for large amount of data. There are various techniques available for compression in my paper work , I have analyzed Huffman algorithm and compare it with other common compression techniques like Arithmetic, LZW and Run Length Encoding.
Beijing Practices Tackling Climate Change (2008)

Impacts of global climate change on Beijing is likely to focus not on climate changes in isolation but on interactions between climate change and other stresses on the city's growth and development. Beijing's vulnerabilities related to climate change include an increase in annual average temperatures, possible reductions in average rainfall and run-off, and more heat waves and fewer frosts. Beijing's GHGs emission from energy consumption is calculated to be nearly 35 million tons of CO2 in 2005. Changing trends of Beijing's GHGs (Green House Gas) from other sources have been predicted. Beijing's responses and actions of mitigation and adaptation to climate change are analyzed under a background of the 2008 Olympic Games with particular attention from 2001.
Cleanability in relation to bacterial retention on unused and abraded domestic sink materials (1990)

The relative cleanability of stainless steel, enamelled steel, mineral resin and polycarbonate domestic sink materials was assessed by comparing the number of organisms remaining on surfaces after cleaning. In unused condition all materials, other than one enamelled steel, were equally cleanable. Stainless steel, abraded artificially or impact damaged to a similar degree as stainless steel subjected to domestic wear, retained approximately one log order less bacteria after cleaning than the other materials subjected to the same treatments. Little difference in cleanability was recorded between the abraded surfaces of the other materials although enamelled steel surfaces were less cleanable than mineral resin or polycarbonate after impact damage, because of the greater susceptibility of enamelled steel to damage by this treatment. When cleaning time was extended beyond 10 s for the abraded and impact damaged materials, their cleanability was not enhanced as compared with stainless steel. Changes in surface finish after abrasion were assessed by surface roughness measurement and scanning electron microscopy. Surfaces with poor cleanability before and after abrasion were characterized by pitting, crevices or jags. These surfaces are likely to retain more bacteria because of increased numbers of attachment sites, a larger bacterial/material surface contact area and topographical areas in which applied cleaning shear forces are reduced. Materials that resist surface changes, e.g. stainless steel, will remain more hygienic when subjected to natural wear than materials which become more readily damaged.
Ultrasound regeneration of EL2 centres in GaAs (1994)

The new effect of ultrasound-stimulated regeneration of the ground state of EL2 centres is observed and investigated. A regeneration transition, metastable (EL2*)-to-ground (EL20), is caused by ultrasound vibrations induced in a GaAs wafer at a temperature 105-120 K after bleaching of EL2 centres with 1.2 eV light. The EL2-related absorption band and the luminescence band with a maximum of 0.64 eV are examined. The kinetics of the ultrasound EL2 regeneration and the dependence of the number of regenerated EL2 centres on ultrasound strain are measured at different temperatures. Relevant mechanisms for the regeneration are discussed, and the arguments in favour of the dislocation model are presented.
Characterization of Canine Triiodothyronine (T3) Autoantibodies and Their Effect on Total T3 in Canine Serum (1988)

A study of 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine autoantibody (T3 AA) in 18 dogs revealed an average apparent affinity constant for T3 of 2.24 +/- 1.78 X 10(10) M-1, an average T3 binding capacity of 639.3 +/- 666.5 ng/dl and a low thyroxine (T4) cross-reactivity (less than 1%) in all samples tested. A valid radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure which involved heat treatment of samples for 1 hr at 70 degrees C and assay on Sephadex minicolumns was developed for measuring T3 in the presence of T3 AA. Total T3 was elevated (mean = 374.8 +/- 158.4 ng/dl) in samples in which T4 was in the normal canine range, but T3 was lower (mean = 96.1 +/- 63.3 ng/dl) in samples with T4 values in the hypothyroid range. For each sample the concentration of T3 not bound by T3 AA was calculated from the total T3 concentration, the affinity constant, and the binding capacity. In dogs with normal total T4 concentrations the average calculated T3 not bound by T3 AA was 147.2 +/- 144.4 ng/dl while in dogs with low total T4 the value was 15.7 +/- 26.3 ng/dl (normal canine range is 45-150 ng/dl). Canine samples containing T3 AA were compared to serum from three rabbits actively immunized against T3 to provide anti-T3 for commercial RIA. The rabbit T3-antisera had an average T3 affinity constant similar to those of the canine samples (1.57 X 10(10) M-1), but had average titer, T3 binding capacity, and total T3 values more than 10-fold higher. Our findings indicate that, in dogs with serum containing T3 AA and normal total T4 concentrations, a compensatory mechanism appears to exist to maintain non-T3 AA bound T3 within the range of normal total T3. This compensatory mechanism does not operate in those dogs with insufficient thyroid activity to maintain normal total T4 values.
Insulin Attenuates Ischemic Brain Damage Independent of its Hypoglycemic Effect (1991)

Insulin, an endogenously produced circulating peptide that enters the brain, has been shown to reduce ischemic brain and spinal cord damage in several animal models. Because of its potential clinical use in humans, the present study was undertaken to test the hypotheses that (a) survival and regional ischemic brain necrosis are improved by insulin; (b) insulin requires concomitant hypoglycemia to exert its neuroprotective effect; (c) insulin is still neuroprotective with delayed administration after an episode of postischemic hypotension; and (d) insulin is beneficial after normoglycemic, as well as hyperglycemic ischemia. Rats were subjected to 10.5 min two-vessel occlusion forebrain ischemia followed by 30 min of hypotension to increase the infarction rate. Insulin administered concomitantly with glucose significantly reduced the seizure rate, as well as cortical and striatal neuronal necrosis below that seen in untreated animals. Neuroprotection was seen whether insulin was given before or after a 30-min episode of postischemic hypotension. Insulin reduced pan-necrosis in addition to selective neuronal necrosis: The infarction rate was reduced in the cerebral cortex, thalamus, and substantia nigra pars reticulata. Normoglycemic ischemia produced only selective neuronal necrosis, but a beneficial effect on structural damage was also seen. The results indicate that insulin acts directly on the brain, independent of hypoglycemia, to reduce ischemic brain necrosis. Possible direct CNS mechanisms of action include an effect on central insulin receptors mediating inhibitory neuromodulation, an effect on central neurotransmitters, or a growth factor effect of insulin.
Concurrent and distributed computing in Java (2004)

Concurrent and Distributed Computing in Java addresses fundamental concepts in concurrent computing with Java examples. The book consists of two parts. The first part deals with techniques for programming in shared-memory based systems. The book covers concepts in Java such as threads, synchronized methods, waits, and notify to expose students to basic concepts for multi-threaded programming. It also includes algorithms for mutual exclusion, consensus, atomic objects, and wait-free data structures. The second part of the book deals with programming in a message-passing system. This part covers resource allocation problems, logical clocks, global property detection, leader election, message ordering, agreement algorithms, checkpointing, and message logging. Primarily a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, this thorough treatment will also be of interest to professional programmers.
Fusion of multimodal visual cues for model-based object tracking (2003)

While many robotic applications rely on visual tracking, conventional single-cue algorithms typically fail outside limited tracking conditions. Fusion of multimodal visual cues with complementary failure modes allows tracking to continue despite losing individual cues. While previous applications have addressed multi-cue 2D featurebased tracking, this paper develops a fusion scheme for 3D model-based tracking using a Kalman filter framework. Our algorithm fuses colour, edge and texture cues predicted from a textured CAD model of the tracked object to recover the 3D pose. The fusion framework allows additional cues to be integrated provided a suitable measurement function exists. We also show how measurements from multiple cameras can be integrated without requiring explicit correspondences between views. Experimental results demonstrate the increased robustness achieved by fusing multiple cues.
Process control using the G2 Real-Time Expert System (2003)

The authors consider the application of expert system technology in process plants. Particular attention is given to the problems of knowledge representation, including the need to represent dynamic qualitative knowledge, dynamic analytic knowledge, and the deep structure of the process. It is noted that the application of inference in real-time requires paradigms that go beyond rote pattern matching, using metaknowledge to focus the inferencing resources of the expert system. The application of truth maintenance requires a temporal model of the time dependence of the truth of data and inferred results. A structure that takes these considerations into account is presented. This application environment, called the G2 Real-Time Expert System, has been placed at over 100 sites. The first large online process plant installations are discussed. The results demonstrate that engineers, using G2, can build and manage large real-time expert systems. The effective use of G2 in real-time operation, including access to online data and the running of significant knowledge bases in real time, has also been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive memory architecture for real-time image warping (2012)

This paper presents a real time image warping module implemented in hardware. A look-up table (LUT) based reverse mapping is used to relate the source image to the warped image. Frame buffers or line buffers are often used to temporally store the source image. However these methods do not take the underlying pattern of the reverse mapping coordinates into account. The presented architecture uses an adaptable memory allocation which can change the depth and the position of the line buffer between lines. A real-time stereo rectification use case has been implemented to validate the operation of this module. Depending on the scenario, the memory consumption can be reduced by a factor of two and more. A real-time image warping module for video cameras has been implemented in a single FPGA, without the use of off-chip memories.
CLASSIFIED Ads (2002)

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Development and Adaptability of In-Pipe Inspection Robots (2014)

Robotics application has slowly increasing for the past 13 years. Much increase was seen in 2011.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests for Antinuclear Antibodies in Rheumatological Practice (2000)

To investigate and compare the accuracy and usefulness of diagnostic tests for antinuclear antibodies (ANA) a cross-sectional study of sera derived from patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology was tested for the presence of ANA using either indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells, indirect immunoperoxidase techniques on HEp-2 cells and mouse kidney, or two commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The diagnostic sensitivity and predictive values of the tests were calculated and compared. The accuracy of tests was compared using receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) methodology. All ANA-positive sera were further analysed for the presence of antibodies against extractable nuclear antigens (anti-ENA) and anti-DNA. A moderate to good agreement was found between tests, with kappa ranging from 0.469 to 0.659. Highest sensitivity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; 93.3%) and primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS; 70%) was found using immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells. Immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells performed statistically better than the other tests in predicting SLE but not SS. All tests except mouse kidney showed good and comparable performance in detecting sera with anti-ENA and anti-DNA. At the given cut-off values indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells performed best. All assays except mouse kidney showed performance characteristics sufficient for use in routine analysis of ANA.
Hybrid Monitors for Concurrent Noninterference (2015)

Controlling confidential information in concurrent systems is difficult, due to covert channels resulting from interaction between threads. This problem is exacerbated if threads share resources at fine granularity. In this work, we propose a novel monitoring framework to enforce strong information security in concurrent programs. Our monitors are hybrid, combining dynamic and static program analysis to enforce security in a sound and rather precise fashion. In our framework, each thread is guarded by its own local monitor, and there is a single global monitor. We instantiate our monitoring framework to support rely-guarantee style reasoning about the use of shared resources, at the granularity of individual memory locations, and then specialize local monitors further to enforce flow-sensitive progress-sensitive information-flow control. Our local monitors exploit rely-guarantee-style reasoning about shared memory to achieve high precision. Soundness of rely-guarantee-style reasoning is guaranteed by all monitors cooperatively. The global monitor is invoked only when threads synchronize, and so does not needlessly restrict concurrency. We prove that our hybrid monitoring approach enforces a knowledge-based progress-sensitive non-interference security condition.
Joint effects of polymorphisms in the HTRA1, LOC387715/ARMS2, and CFH genes on AMD in a Caucasian population. (2008)

This is the first analysis to show that the two 10q26 SNPs are not in complete linkage disequilibrium. Our studies however show that both the HTRA1 and LOC387715/ARMS2 SNP appear to contribute equally to disease risk (both geographic atrophy and choroidal neovascularization) with no evidence of interaction with CFH.
HGF/c-MET Signaling in Melanocytes and Melanoma (2018)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/ mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET) signaling is involved in complex cellular programs that are important for embryonic development and tissue regeneration, but its activity is also utilized by cancer cells during tumor progression. HGF and c-MET usually mediate heterotypic cell⁻cell interactions, such as epithelial⁻mesenchymal, including tumor⁻stroma interactions. In the skin, dermal fibroblasts are the main source of HGF. The presence of c-MET on keratinocytes is crucial for wound healing in the skin. HGF is not released by normal melanocytes, but as melanocytes express c-MET, they are receptive to HGF, which protects them from apoptosis and stimulates their proliferation and motility. Dissimilar to melanocytes, melanoma cells not only express c-MET, but also release HGF, thus activating c-MET in an autocrine manner. Stimulation of the HGF/c-MET pathways contributes to several processes that are crucial for melanoma development, such as proliferation, survival, motility, and invasiveness, including distant metastatic niche formation. HGF might be a factor in the innate and acquired resistance of melanoma to oncoprotein-targeted drugs. It is not entirely clear whether elevated serum HGF level is associated with low progression-free survival and overall survival after treatment with targeted therapies. This review focuses on the role of HGF/c-MET signaling in melanoma with some introductory information on its function in skin and melanocytes.
Biliary Fistula Developed after Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2002)

Surgical resection is considered as the gold standard treatment of hepatic malignancy. The majority of primary and metastatic tumors of the liver are not treated by surgical excision in the case of poor liver function or poor medical background. Numerous noninvasive alternatives to surgical resection have been used to treat liver tumors. Radiofrequency ablation has recently been accepted as a new modality for local tumor destruction, especially for tumor larger than 3 cm. The biliary system related complications after radiofrequency ablation is rarely reported. Recently, we experienced a case of biliary fistula developed after radiofrequency ablation therapy for a hepatocellular carcinoma. The case was treated by endoscopic retrograde biliary stent insertion. We report the case of biliary fistula developed after radiofrequency ablation therapy with a brief review of related literature.