gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mineral carbonation from metal wastes: Effect of solid to liquid ratio on the efficiency and characterization of carbonated products (2013)

Mineral carbonation technologies aim at permanently storing CO2 into materials rich in metal oxides. A multi-step mineralization process employing Ca-rich waste streams to precipitate calcium carbonate is investigated in this paper. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), phosphorus slag (PS) and steel slag (SS) were employed as feeding materials for the process. Solid to liquid ratio (S/L) is an important factor which affects mineral carbonation and this study examines its effect on the carbonation efficiencies. The main phases present in the carbonated residues were identified using XRF, XRD and SEM–EDS analytical techniques. For the three materials investigated, the carbonation efficiency increased when the S/L ratio decreased (from 50 g/L to 25 g/L and then 15 g/L) because of the dilution effect. In a previous study, where an analog process was employed, efficiency using serpentine was found lower than that calculated here for GGBS and SS, and slightly above PS. This confirms that, in general, waste materials require less energy-intensive carbonation conditions, in comparison to mineral rocks. Finally, the structure of the carbonated particles is also discussed.
Perfluorocarbon phosphonic and sulfonic acids containing discretely varying terminal functional groups (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerfluorocarbon phosphonic and sulfonic acids containing discretely varying terminal functional groupsBobbie L. Rice, Cai Yun Guo, and Robert L. KirchmeierCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 24, 4635–4638Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00024a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00024a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Handling and Staging of Renal Cell Carcinoma (2013)

The International Society of Urologic Pathology 2012 Consensus Conference on renal cancer, through working group 3, focused on the issues of staging and specimen handling of renal tumors. The conference was preceded by an online survey of the International Society of Urologic Pathology members, and the results of this were used to inform the focus of conference discussion. On formal voting a ≥65% majority was considered a consensus agreement. For specimen handling it was agreed that with radical nephrectomy specimens the initial cut should be made along the long axis and that both radical and partial nephrectomy specimens should be inked. It was recommended that sampling of renal tumors should follow a general guideline of sampling 1 block/cm with a minimum of 3 blocks (subject to modification as needed in individual cases). When measuring a renal tumor, the length of a renal vein/caval thrombus should not be part of the measurement of the main tumor mass. In cases with multiple tumors, sampling should include at a minimum the 5 largest tumors. There was a consensus that perinephric fat invasion should be determined by examining multiple perpendicular sections of the tumor/perinephric fat interface and by sampling areas suspicious for invasion. Perinephric fat invasion was defined as either the tumor touching the fat or extending as irregular tongues into the perinephric tissue, with or without desmoplasia. It was agreed upon that renal sinus invasion is present when the tumor is in direct contact with the sinus fat or the loose connective tissue of the sinus, clearly beyond the renal parenchyma, or if there is involvement of any endothelium-lined spaces within the renal sinus, regardless of the size. When invasion of the renal sinus is uncertain, it was recommended that at least 3 blocks of the tumor-renal sinus interface should be submitted. If invasion is grossly evident, or obviously not present (small peripheral tumor), it was agreed that only 1 block was needed to confirm the gross impression. Other recommendations were that the renal vein margin be considered positive only when there is adherent tumor visible microscopically at the actual margin. When a specimen is submitted separately as "caval thrombus," the recommended sampling strategy is to take 2 or more sections to look for the adherent caval wall tissue. It was also recommended that uninvolved renal parenchyma be sampled by including normal parenchyma with tumor and normal parenchyma distant from the tumor. There was consensus that radical nephrectomy specimens should be examined for the purpose of identifying lymph nodes by dissection/palpation of the fat in the hilar area only; however, it was acknowledged that lymph nodes are found in <10% of radical nephrectomy specimens.
Effects of mechanical and osmotic pressure on the rate of glycosaminoglycan synthesis in the human adult femoral head cartilage: An in vitro study (1986)

We studied the effects of mechanical and osmotic compression on sulphate incorporation into glycosaminoglycans of human femoral head cartilage. We found that both mechanical and osmotic compression produce the same lowering of sulphate uptake relative to uncompressed controls. It appears that this effect is not associated with changes in solute transport or changes in solute concentration in the matrix, but is due, in part at least, to an increased osmotic pressure acting on the chondrocytes. A second mechanism of action might be involved directly through the increased proteoglycan concentration in the pericellular environment, resulting from a reduction in the water content. We also found that glycosaminoglycan synthesis returned to its control level when the conditions prevailing in the matrix, in the absence of pressure or added solute, were restored.
Vowel recognition at fundamental frequencies up to 1 kHz reveals point vowels as acoustic landmarks (2017)

The phonological function of vowels can be maintained at fundamental frequencies (f<sub>o</sub>) up to 880 Hz [Friedrichs, Maurer, and Dellwo (2015). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 138, EL36-EL42]. Here, the influence of talker variability and multiple response options on vowel recognition at high f<sub>o</sub>s is assessed. The stimuli (n = 264) consisted of eight isolated vowels (/i y e ø ε a o u/) produced by three female native German talkers at 11 f<sub>o</sub>s within a range of 220-1046 Hz. In a closed-set identification task, 21 listeners were presented excised 700-ms vowel nuclei with quasi-flat f<sub>o</sub> contours and resonance trajectories. The results show that listeners can identify the point vowels /i a u/ at f<sub>o</sub>s up to almost 1 kHz, with a significant decrease for the vowels /y ε/ and a drop to chance level for the vowels /e ø o/ toward the upper f<sub>o</sub>s. Auditory excitation patterns reveal highly differentiable representations for /i a u/ that can be used as landmarks for vowel category perception at high f<sub>o</sub>s. These results suggest that theories of vowel perception based on overall spectral shape will provide a fuller account of vowel perception than those based solely on formant frequency patterns.
The pharmacotherapy of cirrhosis: concerns and proposed investigations and solutions (2016)

Pharmacotherapy in cirrhosis is an area of uncertainty and heterogeneity in clinical practice. Prescribing and dosing guidelines are needed to decrease the risk of serious ADRs in this high-risk patient population.
Homo- and hetero-metallic rhenium oxomethoxide complexes with a M4(µ-O)2(µ-OMe)4 planar core—a new family of metal alkoxides displaying a peculiar structural disorder. Preparation and X-ray single crystal study (2001)

The reaction of Re2O7 with MeOH at room temperature leads to a fine black powder. A product with the same crystal structure, according to X-ray powder data, was obtained in the form of single crystals on storage of solutions of Re2O3(OMe)6, obtained by anodic oxidation of Re metal. It was identified as Re4O6(OMe)12 (1) by an X-ray single crystal study. A mixed-valence complex of analogous composition and structure, Re4O6 − y(OMe)12 + y (2), earlier erroneously described as Re4O2(OMe)16, can be obtained via anodic dissolution of Re in MeOH using high current densities. The heterometallic members of this family, Re4 − xMxO6 − y(OMe)12 + y [M = Mo (3), W (4); x ≤ 0.55, y < 1.0], were obtained by interaction of Re2O7 with MO(OMe)4 or M(OMe)6 in toluene at reflux. Mo-poor samples of 3 (x ≤ 0.25) could also be obtained on storage of solutions prepared by anodic oxidation of Re in the presence of MoO(OMe)4. The reaction of Re2O7 with Nb(OMe)5 or Ta(OMe)5 in refluxing toluene gave M4(μ-O)2(μ-OMe)4(OMe)14(ReO4)2 [M = Nb (5), Ta (6)] as the only crystalline products. The compounds 1–6 are insoluble in organic solvents and display a remarkable resistance to ambient atmosphere, making them attractive precursors for soft chemical preparation of rhenium metal and alloy powders.
Expansion of "Himantoglossum robertianum" (Orchidaceae) in Madrid: a case study on environmental variables and geographical distribution (1970)

The increase of the localities of Himantoglossum robertianum in the Community of Madrid region in the last years is studied. We have visited the new discovered populations and characterized their habitats, finding little agreement with the basophilic preferences attributed to the orchid. A model of potential distribution of the taxon has been elaborated showing the southern river basins of the region as the areas of greatest suitability. The lack of data prevents from concluding that the increase of the registered area corresponds with a climatic or land-use change in Madrid region, but the work developed has allowed to properly characterize the distribution and the state of conservation of the species.
Convenient Syntheses of Dibenzo[<i>c,p</i>]chrysene and Its Possible Proximate and Ultimate Carcinogens:  In Vitro Metabolism and DNA Adduction Studies (2005)

Dibenzo[c,p]chrysene (DB[c,p]C) is the only hexacyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having two fjord regions, both in different chemical environments. Its environmental presence and relative tumorigenic potency are not known due to the lack of synthetic standards. We report here the synthesis of dibenzo[c,p]chrysene (1), its proximate carcinogens, i.e., trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydro-DB[c,p]C (2) and trans-11,12-dihydroxy-11,12-dihydro-DB[c,p]C (3), and possible ultimate carcinogens, i.e., anti-trans-1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-DB[c,p]C (4) and anti-trans-11,12-dihydroxy-13,14-epoxy-11,12,13,14-tetrahydro-DB[c,p]C (5). The syntheses of 1 and the appropriately methoxy-substituted DB[c,p]C (12 and 27), key intermediates for the synthesis of its proximate and ultimate metabolites, were tried first using a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. However, the cyclization of olefins (10 and 11) gave poor yields of the desired products. An alternate method was thus developed employing a photochemical approach. The in vitro metabolism of DB[c,p]C was established with the S9 fraction of liver homogenate from phenobarbital/beta-naphthoflavone-induced Sprague-Dawley rats. The major dihydrodiol formed was identified as the fjord region 11,12-dihydroxy-11,12-dihydro-DB[c,p]C, while the major and minor phenols were identified as 11-hydroxy-DB[c,p]C and 12-hydroxy-DB[c,p]C, respectively. Further, the DNA adduction studies with the calf thymus DNA led to a mixture of dA and dG adducts for both fjord region diol epoxides (4 and 5). Interestingly, the dA to dG ratio for 1,2-dihydroxy-3,4-epoxide was much higher (3.2) compared to that of 11,12-dihydroxy-13,14-epoxide (0.5).
<i>Ixodes</i> ticks belonging to the <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> complex encode a family of anticomplement proteins (2007)

The alternative pathway of complement is an important innate defence against pathogens including ticks. This component of the immune system has selected for pathogens that have evolved countermeasures. Recently, a salivary protein able to inhibit the alternative pathway was cloned from the American tick Ixodes scapularis (Valenzuela et al., 2000; J. Biol. Chem. 275, 18717-18723). Here, we isolated two different sequences, similar to Isac, from the transcriptome of I. ricinus salivary glands. Expression of these sequences revealed that they both encode secreted proteins able to inhibit the complement alternative pathway. These proteins, called I. ricinus anticomplement (IRAC) protein I and II, are coexpressed constitutively in I. ricinus salivary glands and are upregulated during blood feeding. Also, we demonstrated that they are the products of different genes and not of alleles of the same locus. Finally, phylogenetic analyses demonstrate that ticks belonging to the Ixodes ricinus complex encode a family of relatively small anticomplement molecules undergoing diversification by positive Darwinian selection.
Enhancement of Intestinal Immune Function in Mice by β‐D‐Glucan from <i>Aureobasidium Pullulans </i><scp>ADK</scp>‐34 (2013)

Abstract β‐Glucans, glucose polymers that are the main constituents of the outer cell walls of micro‐organisms such as fungi and yeast, are known to play an immunostimulatory role. We prepared β‐glucan (β‐(1‐3),(1‐6)‐D‐glucan) from an edible cultured fungus through fermentation techniques using a strain of Aureobasidium pullulans ADK ‐34. The purity of this β‐glucan preparation ( AP ‐ FBG ) was demonstrated to be high through various instrumental analyses. We then examined the effects of AP ‐ FBG on intestinal immune systems. We prepared Peyer's patch ( PP ) cells and measured interleukin ( IL )‐5, IL ‐6, and IgA production in culture media with AP ‐ FBG . We found that both cytokines and IgA increased; furthermore, IL ‐6 secreted by PP dendritic cells ( PPDC s) cultured in the presence of AP ‐ FBG significantly increased. We tested IgA production after oral administration of AP ‐ FBG for 2 weeks and found that AP ‐ FBG tended to promote the production of IgA in the small intestine. Interestingly, we observed a significant increase in IgA production in the small intestines of mice treated with cyclophosphamide ( CY ; an immunosuppressant) after oral administration of AP ‐ FBG diet compared with CY ‐treated and control diet mice. Production of IL ‐6 and IgA by PP cells and IL ‐6 production by PPDC s in AP ‐ FBG ‐fed and CY ‐treated mice also increased. These results demonstrate that AP ‐ FBG has the ability to activate PPDC and induce IL ‐6 production and IgA secretion in PP cells. These abilities were more clearly expressed when AP ‐ FBG was orally administered in a CY ‐induced immunosuppressed condition. Therefore, AP ‐ FBG may be a useful ingredient for preparing functional foods with immunomodulatory activities.
Hepatitis B Virus (2003)

(2003). Hepatitis B Virus. Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 357-358.
Toward Direct Brain-Computer Communication (1973)

Electroencephalographic or EEG signals collected on the human scalp are sustained fluctuations of electrical potential that reflect corresponding variations in the upper layers of the brain cortex below the scalp surface. The signal structure is that of a stochastic time series with almost stationary epochs of various lengths
T-CREST: Time-predictable multi-core architecture for embedded systems (2015)

Real-time systems need time-predictable platforms to allow static analysis of the worst-case execution time (WCET). Standard multi-core processors are optimized for the average case and are hardly analyzable. Within the T-CREST project we propose novel solutions for time-predictable multi-core architectures that are optimized for the WCET instead of the average-case execution time. The resulting time-predictable resources (processors, interconnect, memory arbiter, and memory controller) and tools (compiler, WCET analysis) are designed to ease WCET analysis and to optimize WCET performance. Compared to other processors the WCET performance is outstanding. The T-CREST platform is evaluated with two industrial use cases. An application from the avionic domain demonstrates that tasks executing on different cores do not interfere with respect to their WCET. A signal processing application from the railway domain shows that the WCET can be reduced for computation-intensive tasks when distributing the tasks on several cores and using the network-on-chip for communication. With three cores the WCET is improved by a factor of 1.8 and with 15 cores by a factor of 5.7. The T-CREST project is the result of a collaborative research and development project executed by eight partners from academia and industry. The European Commission funded T-CREST.
Symmetric self-electrooptic effect device (1987)

We demonstrate an integrated symmetric self-electrooptic effect device (S-SEED) consisting of two quantum well PIN diodes electrically connected in a series. The device acts as a bistable optical memory element with individual set S and reset R inputs and complementary outputs (optical S-R latch). The switching point is determined by the ratio of the two inputs, making the device insensitive to optical power supply fluctuations when both power beams are derived from the same source; i.e., it solves the problem of critical biasing common to most optically bistable devices.
On the Random 1/2-Disk Routing Scheme in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2011)

Random 1/2-disk routing in wireless ad-hoc networks is a localized geometric routing scheme in which each node chooses the next relay randomly among the nodes within its transmission range and in the general direction of the destination. We introduce a notion of convergence for geometric routing schemes that not only considers the feasibility of packet delivery through possibly multi-hop relaying, but also requires the packet delivery to occur in a finite number of hops. We derive sufficient conditions that ensure the asymptotic \emph{convergence} of the random 1/2-disk routing scheme based on this convergence notion, and by modeling the packet distance evolution to the destination as a Markov process, we derive bounds on the expected number of hops that each packet traverses to reach its destination.
The giant eyes of giant squid are indeed unexpectedly large, but not if used for spotting sperm whales (2013)

We agree with Schmitz et al. that their revised values for intensity and abundance of planktonic bioluminescence may be more realistic, or at least more appropriately conservative, but argue that their conclusions are incorrect because they have not considered some of the main arguments put forward in our paper. We also present new modelling to demonstrate that our conclusions remain robust, even with the revised input values suggested by Schmitz et al.
Organization of soluble enzymes in the cell Relay at the surface (1988)

A model is proposed uniting two groups of facts: the adsorption of enzymes on subcellular structures and the direct ('from hand to hand') transfer of metabolites between enzymes. The basic idea is that the binding of metabolites (substrates and/or products) results in desorption of the enzymes from subcellular structures during each catalytic act. This makes the enzymes mobile and capable of directly (from hand to hand) transferring metabolites to other enzymes adsorbed on subcellular structures. The model leads to a mechanism by means of which soluble enzymes can be compartmentalized in defined regions of the cytoplasm.
Approximation Algorithms for Aversion k-Clustering via Local k-Median (2016)

In the aversion k-clustering problem, given a metric space, we want to cluster the points into k clusters. The cost incurred by each point is the distance to the furthest point in its cluster, and the cost of the clustering is the sum of all these per-point-costs. This problem is motivated by questions in generating automatic abstractions of extensive-form games. We reduce this problem to a "local" k-median problem where each facility has a prescribed radius and can only connect to clients within that radius. Our main results is a constant-factor approximation algorithm for the aversion k-clustering problem via the local k-median problem. We use a primal-dual approach; our technical contribution is a non-local rounding step which we feel is of broader interest.
ChemInform Abstract: NITROSYL‐METALL‐KOMPLEXE 11. MITT. EINBAU VON OLEFIN UND STICKSTOFFOXID IN ORGANOKOBALTVERBINDUNGEN (1971)

Abstract Der Di‐u‐NO‐Komplex (I) bildet analog dem Carbonyl‐Komplex (IV) mit Norbornen (II) in Gegenwart von NO den Co‐Komplex (III) (Ausbeute 90%).
Relations between the fetal circulation and pituitary‐thyroid function (1991)

In the hypoxaemic hypoxia of growth retardation and the anaemic hypoxia of rhesus disease there are significant associations between changes in fetal thyroid hormone concentrations and changes in fetal blood flow as assessed by Doppler. Irrespective of whether altered blood flow is the cause or effect of changes in thyroid hormone concentrations, the observed changes could have beneficial effects for fetal survival, in the presence of a hostile intrauterine environment.
9-[3-(2-Nitro-1-imidazolyl)propylamino]-cyclopenteno[b]quinoline hydrochloride (NLCPQ-1). A novel DNA-affinic bioreductive agent as chemosensitizer: mechanistic studies. II. (1998)

NLCPQ-1 is a novel, weak, DNA-affinic bioreductive compound with enhanced chemosensitizing ability for commonly used chemotherapeutic agents, both in vitro and in vivo. In the present report we investigated possible mechanisms involved in the potentiation of cis-DDP and L-PAM in V79 cells. Potentiation was observed when cells were pretreated under hypoxic conditions with NLCPQ-1 prior to their aerobic exposure to each chemotherapeutic agent studied and in the presence of NLCPQ-1. The dominant mechanisms, under hypoxic pretreatment conditions, participating in the potentiation were: a) extensive DNA damage, as measured by the comet and alkaline elution assays, b) DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis inhibition, c) significant delay in the traverse through the S phase, as observed by flow cytometry, and possibly d) suppression of PLD repair. Apoptosis was also detected 36 h posttreatment in the chemotherapeutic drug-treated as well as the combination drug-treated cells. Glutathione depletion by NLCPQ-1 metabolites under hypoxic conditions was also involved in the potentiation process, but its contribution in potentiation was minimal.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Immunohistochemical Expression Is Enhanced in Macrophages of Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques (2010)

Symptomatic carotid artery plaques are characterized by increased expression of TLR4 in macrophages supporting a potential role for TLR4 in the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of cerebrovascular disease. Further investigation is warranted.