gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instrumentation for Simplified Commingling and Well-Testing Operations (1964)

Abstract This paper discusses the theory, operation and practical application of a low-cost, field-proven instrumentation system which saves money and greatly simplifies lease-commingling and well-testing operations by providing an accurate, direct digital readout of the volume of net clean oil in oil-water streams containing up to 100 per cent water. Introduction Lease-commingling and well-testing operations usually require a measurement of the amount of "net clean oil" in an emulsion stream produced by a well or group of wells. Conventional methods of net oil metering require physical separation or treating and subsequent metering of oil and water volumes. Various arrangements of three-phase separators, gas-fired emulsion treaters, fluid meters and samplers are in wide use but are often unnecessarily expensive and complicated; frequently they leave much to be desired insofar as accuracy, operator convenience and adaptability to automation are concerned. The instrumentation system discussed automatically and continuously meters and monitors an oil-water stream containing pure oil, pure water, emulsion, or any combination thereof, and, without requiring physical treating or separation, provides an accurate digital readout of net clean oil volume, directly in barrels. No calculations, conversion factors, or interpretations are required; data are presented instantly, continuously and cumulatively in the most usable form. In addition, electrical digital signals for remote counting and an electrical analog signal for remote percentage water indication or recording are available at the computer terminal block. Description of Equipment The system uses an ordinary positive-displacement fluid meter, a wide-range electronic capacitance-measuring instrument, and an electro-mechanical computer. The PD meter measures total fluid volume and supplies a rotational, mechanical input to the computer. The capacitance instrument electronically determines the instantaneous percentage of water in the fluid stream. The computer subtracts the water volume from the total fluid volume and provides an output of the integrated volume of net clean oil. Fig. 1-A shows a typical skid-mounted net oil measuring assembly, consisting of a fluid strainer, a PD meter, a capacitance probe, the computer assembly and a diaphragm-operated fluid dump valve. This skid assembly would be installed downstream of a conventional fluid-gas separator, which is required only to prevent gas from damaging the PD meter. In operation all separator liquids would be discharged from the separator outlet through the skid assembly. Liquid dumping would be controlled by the pneumatic, snap-acting level control on the separator and the diaphragm-operated dump valve on the skid assembly. Two counters in the computer panel would then provide a direct readout of barrels of total fluid and barrels of net clean oil. JPT P. 732ˆ
Naturally-derived porphyrin and chlorin photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (2005)

In oncologic applications of photodynamic therapy (PDT), the discriminating localization of porphyrin-type compounds in solid tumors is exploited for the selective ablation of neoplastic tissue with minimal destruction and irritation to normal tissue. PDT is a locoregional, binary cancer therapy in which a photosensitizer—light-activated drug—absorbs light of an appropriate wavelength and excites to the singlet state. This photosensitizer in the excited singlet state can undergo an internal transition to the excited triplet state, a relatively long-lived and high-energy species that transfers its excess energy to molecular oxygen. Molecular oxygen subsequently excites from the stable triplet state to the highly reactive singlet state. With no spin-state restriction, singlet oxygen is cytotoxic, readily reacting with electron-rich biomolecules such as unsaturated lipids, amino acids and DNA consequently destroying the tumor cell. Singlet oxygen has a limited range of diffusion. Therefore, the site of its generation is also the site of initial damage. Mono-L-aspartyl chlorin e6, a chlorophyll a derivative also known as talaporfin and subsequently referred to here as NPe6, is a 2nd-generation photosensitizer currently in advanced-stage clinical trials for PDT. NPe6 is obtained by transesterification of the phytyl ester group of chlorophyll a with a methyl ester group to form pheophorbide a. Subsequent isocyclic ring opening forms chlorin e6 trimethyl ester. Alkaline hydrolysis of the methyl esters and then activation and coupling to a protected aspartic acid followed by deprotections yields NPe6. The structural elucidation of NPe6 has been performed employing a classical methodology of an unambiguous synthesis used adjunctively with modern NMR techniques. The synthesis of NPe6 has been made more efficient via the optimization of the isocyclic ring opening and coupling reaction. Natural reactivities of chlorophyll a derivatives have been exploited to synthesize two regiosomers of NPe6 for biological property investigation. A novel route to a 173 chlorin e6 derivative has been generated. Because to date no chlorin photosensitizers have received FDA approval in the United States, various amino-acid porphyrin conjugates- specifically PPIX conjugates- have been synthesized and their preliminary biological evaluation, which demonstrates that subtle differences in structure can correlate to huge differences in function, is described.
Quadrature oscillators using CCIIs (2005)

Three third-order quadrature oscillators are proposed. Outputs of two sinusoids with 90° phase difference are available in each quadrature oscillator circuit. The oscillation condition and oscillation frequency of each proposed quadrature oscillator are orthogonal controllable. All proposed circuits employ only grounded capacitors. The use of only grounded capacitors is ideal for integration. Experimental results are included to confirm the theoretical analysis.
La España profunda de los años sesenta ante el lector italiano: reflexiones sobre la traducción de Los Santos inocentes (2007)

espanolEntre las obras del gran Miguel Delibes, probablemente sea Los Santos Inocentes una de las que mejor reflejan la realidad de la Espana de la decada de los sesenta. Esta obra fue escrita en 1981 y traducida al italiano trece anos mas tarde. La caracteristica mas llamativa de esta obra es la convivencia de un lenguaje de base oral y la elaboracion literaria presente en los fragmentos descriptivos. Ademas, en ella se pueden distinguir tres voces narrativas distintas: la del narrador-testigo, la del narrador-acorde y las de los distintos personajes. En este trabajo se reflexiona sobre el modo en que se ha llevado a cabo el trasvase de la novela a una lengua y a una cultura aparentemente tan proximas como la italiana. Dividiremos las dificultades que se presentan al traductor en seis grupos: a) uso del lenguaje como marca distintiva de los personajes; b) identificacion del narrador con los humildes; c) unidades fraseologicas; d) referencias y rasgos culturales; e) lexico; f) habla vulgar. EnglishOf all the great literary works by Spanish author Miguel Delibes, Los Santos Inocentes probably best depicts 1960s Spain in all of its hues. The novel was written in 1981 and translated to Italian thirteen years later. Most notable, perhaps, is the coexistence of orality and more elaborate literary technique present in the descriptive sections. Three distinct narrative voices can be heard: the narrator-witness, the narrador-accorde, and the voices of the different characters. This paper looks at the way in which the novel was translated into Italian, a language and a culture seemingly so close to Spanish. We will classify hurdles faced by the translator in six categories: a) use of language as a distinguishing feature of characters; b) identification of the narrator with humble sorts; c) phraseological units; d) cultural references and features; e) lexis; f) vulgar language.
Dysregulation of hepatic zinc transporters in a mouse model of alcoholic liver disease (2014)

Zinc deficiency is a consistent phenomenon observed in patients with alcoholic liver disease, but the mechanisms have not been well defined. The objective of this study was to determine if alcohol alters hepatic zinc transporters in association with reduction of hepatic zinc levels and if oxidative stress mediates the alterations of zinc transporters. C57BL/6 mice were pair-fed with the Lieber-DeCarli control or ethanol diets for 2, 4, or 8 wk. Chronic alcohol exposure reduced hepatic zinc levels, but increased plasma and urine zinc levels, at all time points. Hepatic zinc finger proteins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF-4α), were downregulated in ethanol-fed mice. Four hepatic zinc transporter proteins showed significant alterations in ethanol-fed mice compared with the controls. ZIP5 and ZIP14 proteins were downregulated, while ZIP7 and ZnT7 proteins were upregulated, by ethanol exposure at all time points. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that chronic ethanol exposure upregulated cytochrome P-450 2E1 and caused 4-hydroxynonenal accumulation in the liver. For the in vitro study, murine FL-83B hepatocytes were treated with 5 μM 4-hydroxynonenal or 100 μM hydrogen peroxide for 72 h. The results from in vitro studies demonstrated that 4-hydroxynonenal treatment altered ZIP5 and ZIP7 protein abundance, and hydrogen peroxide treatment changed ZIP7, ZIP14, and ZnT7 protein abundance. These results suggest that chronic ethanol exposure alters hepatic zinc transporters via oxidative stress, which might account for ethanol-induced hepatic zinc deficiency.
Adenylyl Cyclase 1 Is Required for Ethanol-Induced Locomotor Sensitization and Associated Increases in NMDA Receptor Phosphorylation and Function in the Dorsal Medial Striatum (2017)

Neuroadaptive responses to chronic ethanol, such as behavioral sensitization, are associated with <i>N</i>-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) recruitment. Ethanol enhances GluN2B-containing NMDAR function and phosphorylation (Tyr-1472) of the GluN2B-NMDAR subunit in the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) through a protein kinase A (PKA)-dependent pathway. Ethanol-induced phosphorylation of PKA substrates is partially mediated by calcium-stimulated adenylyl cyclase 1 (AC1), which is enriched in the dorsal striatum. As such, AC1 is poised as an upstream modulator of ethanol-induced DMS neuroadaptations that promote drug responding, and thus represents a therapeutic target. Our hypothesis is that loss of AC1 activity will prevent ethanol-induced locomotor sensitization and associated DMS GluN2B-NMDAR adaptations. We evaluated AC1's contribution to ethanol-evoked locomotor responses and DMS GluN2B-NMDAR phosphorylation and function using AC1 knockout (AC1KO) mice. Results were mechanistically validated with the AC1 inhibitor, NB001. Acute ethanol (2.0 g/kg) locomotor responses in AC1KO and wild-type (WT) mice pretreated with NB001 (10 mg/kg) were comparable to WT ethanol controls. However, repeated ethanol treatment (10 days, 2.5 g/kg) failed to produce sensitization in AC1KO or NB001 pretreated mice, as observed in WT ethanol controls, following challenge exposure (2.0 g/kg). Repeated exposure to ethanol in the sensitization procedure significantly increased pTyr-1472 GluN2B levels and GluN2B-containing NMDAR transmission in the DMS of WT mice. Loss of AC1 signaling impaired ethanol-induced increases in DMS pGluN2B levels and NMDAR-mediated transmission. Together, these data support a critical and specific role for AC1 in striatal signaling that mediates ethanol-induced behavioral sensitization, and identify GluN2B-containing NMDARs as an important AC1 target.
Atherosclerotic plaque regression - The role of statin therapy (2010)

Increasing knowledge of the atherosclerotic process, as well as atherosclerotic plaque composition and morphology, has lead to the identification of vulnerable plaques that lead to acute coronary syndromes. There is growing evidence for atherosclerotic plaque regression, which makes an aggressive targeted therapeutic response based on achieving plaques regression necessary in order to reduce the significant mortality and morbidity associated with coronary heart disease. This review will examine the evidence for atherosclerotic plaque regression, the important role of statins and the available imaging techniques used to investigate this condition. We will also discuss future evolving therapies and possible predictors of plaque regression, which may aid the therapeutic process.
Simple and Safe Foley Catheter-Guided Tracheostomy Tube Changes (2018)

The operator burden and the possible risks are unknown when performing first tracheostomy tube changes in patients with tracheostomy. Therefore, the authors would like to introduce a very simple and easy method to reduce the operator burden performing first tracheostomy tube changes to ensure patient safety.
New results on pionic twist-3 distribution amplitudes within the QCD sum rules (2011)

We present an improved calculation on the pionic twist-3 distribution amplitudes ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{p}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\phi}}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, which are studied within the QCD sum rules. By adding all the uncertainties in quadrature, it is found that $⟨{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{p}^{2}⟩={0.248}_{\ensuremath{-}0.052}^{+0.076}$, $⟨{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{p}^{4}⟩={0.262}_{\ensuremath{-}0.055}^{+0.080}$, $⟨{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}⟩={0.102}_{\ensuremath{-}0.025}^{+0.035}$ and $⟨{\ensuremath{\xi}}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{4}⟩={0.094}_{\ensuremath{-}0.020}^{+0.028}$. Furthermore, with the help of these moments, we construct a model for the twist-3 wave functions ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{p,\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}(x,{\mathbf{k}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}})$, which have better end point behavior and are helpful for perturbative QCD approach. The obtained twist-3 distribution amplitudes are adopted to calculate the $B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\pi}$ transition form factor ${f}_{B\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ within the QCD light cone sum rules up to next-to-leading order. By suitable choice of the parameters, we obtain a consistent ${f}_{B\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ with those obtained in the literature.
Influence of capsular neuraminic acid on properties of streptococci of serological group B (1991)

Neuraminic acid is thought to be a critical virulence factor of group B streptococci. The present study was designed to further characterize a previously described type III group B streptococcus and its transposon-mutagenized asialo capsular mutant. The wild-type group B streptococcus grew as short chains with a uniform turbidity and had diffuse colonies in soft agar media. In contrast, the asialo mutant grew in fluid media as a granular sediment, formed significantly longer chains and had compact colonies in soft agar. These differences, possibly related to the surface charge of the bacteria, could also be demonstrated in salt aggregation tests and hexadecane adherence studies. The wild-type group B streptococcus showed hydrophilic, and the asialo mutant hydrophobic surface properties. Removal of neuraminic acid from the wild-type strain changed the surface properties from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. A similar masking effect of capsular neuraminic acid could be observed in adherence and phagocytosis experiments. In contrast to the wild-type strain, the asialo mutant adhered significantly more to buccal epithelial cells and was phagocytosed more by polymorphonuclear leucocytes. These altered properties might possibly be of importance for group B streptococcal pathogenicity.
A fast 3D image simulation algorithm of moving target for scanning laser radar (2014)

Scanning Laser Radar has been widely used in many military and civil areas. Usually there are relative movements between the target and the radar, so the moving target image modeling and simulation is an important research content in the field of signal processing and system design of scan-imaging laser radar. In order to improve the simulation speed and hold the accuracy of the image simulation simultaneously, a novel fast simulation algorithm is proposed in this paper. Firstly, for moving target or varying scene, an inequation that can judge the intersection relations between the pixel and target bins is obtained by deriving the projection of target motion trajectories on the image plane. Then, by utilizing the time subdivision and approximate treatments, the potential intersection relations of pixel and target bins are determined. Finally, the goal of reducing the number of intersection operations could be achieved by testing all the potential relations and finding which of them is real intersection. To test the method’s performance, we perform computer simulations of both the new proposed algorithm and a literature’s algorithm for six targets. The simulation results show that the two algorithm yield the same imaging result, whereas the number of intersection operations of former is equivalent to only 1% of the latter, and the calculation efficiency increases a hundredfold. The novel simulation acceleration idea can be applied extensively in other more complex application environments and provide equally acceleration effect. It is very suitable for the case to produce a great large number of laser radar images.
Study on the Preparation of Polytetraﬂuoroethylene Hollow Fiber Membranes and the Properties (2010)

In the present study, Polytetraﬂuoroethylene (PTFE) porous hollow fiber membranes were prepared by PTFE concentrated suspension with the mixture of Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Sodium alginate as the fiber-forming carrier. Factors affecting PTFE membrane pore structure and mechanical properties were investigated. Results showed that, (1) the permeation and mechanical properties of the PTFE membrane were influenced significantly by the sintering condition, (2) Morphologies of membranes were observed by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), fixed sintering state was aided to form the pore structure which was much different from the node-fibril network obtained by PTFE biaxial-stretching process.
The continuous coating of glass fibers (1976)

We analyze a new process for in-line coating of thin glass fibers as they are produced by horizontal and vertical fiber-drawing machines. The process makes use of a new coating applicator designed to prevent contact between the freshly drawn fiber and wicks, dies, or other surfaces which may cause abrasion of the fibers and hence losses in their tensile strength.
Polishing and coating carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composites with a carbon-titanium layer enhances adhesion and growth of osteoblast-like MG63 cells and vascular smooth muscle cellsin vitro (2000)

Carbon fiber-reinforced carbon composites (CFRC) are considered to be promising materials for orthopedic and dental surgery. Their mechanical properties can be tailored to be similar to those of bone, and their chemical composition (close to pure carbon) promises that they will be tolerated well by the surrounding tissue. In this study, CFRC composites were fabricated from phenolic resin and unidirectionally oriented Torayca carbon fibers by carbonization (1000 degrees C) and graphitization (2500 degrees C). The material then was cut with a diamond saw into sheets of 8 x 10 x 3 mm, and the upper surface was polished by colloidal SiO2 and/or covered with a carbon-titanium (C:Ti) layer (3.3 microm) using the plasma-enhanced physical vapor deposition method. Three different kinds of modified samples were prepared: polished only, covered only, and polished + covered. Untreated samples served as a control. The surface roughness of these samples, measured by a Talysurf profilometer, decreased significantly after polishing but usually did not decrease after coating with a C:Ti layer. On all three modified surfaces, human osteoblast-like cells of the MG63 line and rat vascular smooth muscle cells (both cultured in a Dulbecco's minimum essential medium with 10% fetal bovine serum) adhered at higher numbers (by 21-87% on day 1 after seeding) and exhibited a shorter population doubling time (by 13-40%). On day 4 after seeding, these cells attained higher population densities (by 61-378%), volume (by 18-37%), and protein content (by 16-120%). These results were more pronounced in VSMC than in MG63 cells and in both groups of C:Ti-covered samples than in the polished only samples. The release of carbon particles from the CFRC composites was significantly decreased--by 8 times in the polished only, 24 times in the covered only, and 42 times in the polished + covered samples. These results show that both polishing and carbon-titanium covering significantly improve the biocompatibility of CFRC composites in vitro, especially when these two modifications are combined.
5q- anomaly in lymphoid disorders. (1990)

Observations made in two patients and a review of the literature confirm the occurrence of a 5q- chromosome anomaly in lymphoproliferative disorders of both T and B cell type. Additional chromosome changes were invariably present and are of the "lymphoid" type. The chromosome morphology of the 5q- is indistinguishable from that found in myeloid disorders.
Inhaled treprostinil via the Tyvaso Inhalation System through a tracheostomy (2015)

A 20-year-old man with pulmonary arterial hypertension secondary to systemic sclerosis was admitted to our hospital. Prior to admission, his PAH had been successfully managed with the use of tadalafil, ambrisentan and inhaled Tyvaso. Owing to respiratory failure from vocal cord paralysis, he underwent an emergent tracheotomy. The delivery of inhaled Tyvaso through a tracheostomy tube was explored. Post-tracheostomy, the patient continued his ability to self-administer the medication. His WHO functional classification, brain natriuretic peptide levels, and echocardiograms were not significantly different when Tyvaso was administered via tracheostomy compared with oral administration. This case report summarises the method used to deliver Tyvaso via a tracheostomy tube, which proved to be successful in this patient.
Application of an explosive detection device based on quadrupole resonance (QR) technology in aviation security (2003)

The Federal Aviation Administration has deployed Advanced Technology (AT) based explosive detection devices for screening checked baggage in US domestic airports. The paper addresses the application of quadrupole resonance (QR) technology to detect explosives in checked baggage in aviation security. This technology was deployed in combination with advanced X-ray by the US government. The paper focuses on the quadrupole resonance technique for detecting the presence of energetic material (explosives) in baggage in aviation security. The principle of operation of this promising technology, and its application in combination with dual energy x-ray technology, to detect a range of explosive materials is detailed. The quadrupole resonance based explosive detection device generates radio frequency (RF) pulses that sense the unique crystalline structure of the explosive. With its discriminating probe of the chemical state of the matter, QR can readily identify the nitrogen atoms in a particular crystalline structure of the explosives. Technical issues such as performance trade-offs of probability of detection P(d), probability of false alarm rate P(fa) and throughput will be discussed without revealing sensitive and proprietary data. Insight gained on the deployed system integration of combined technologies (QR and x-ray), and operational experience will be elaborated. The on-going FAA initiatives to improve performance and its application of the QR technology for screening checked and carry-on baggage for aviation security will be summarized.