gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms and modifiers of reflex induced cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction in humans (2010)

Human skin blood flow responses to body heating and cooling are essential to the normal processes of physiological thermoregulation. Large increases in skin blood flow provide the necessary augmentation of convective heat loss during environmental heat exposure and/or exercise, just as reflex cutaneous vasoconstriction is key to preventing excessive heat dissipation during cold exposure. In humans, reflex sympathetic innervation of the cutaneous circulation has two branches: a sympathetic noradrenergic vasoconstrictor system, and a non-noradrenergic active vasodilator system. Noradrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves are tonically active in normothermic environments and increase their activity during cold exposure, releasing both norepinephrine and cotransmitters (including neuropeptide Y) to decrease skin blood flow. The active vasodilator system in human skin does not exhibit resting tone and is only activated during increases in body temperature, such as those brought about by heat exposure or exercise. Active cutaneous vasodilation occurs via cholinergic nerve cotransmission and has been shown to include potential roles for nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, prostaglandins, and substance P (and/or neurokinin-1 receptors). It has proven both interesting and challenging that no one substance has been identified as the sole mediator of active cutaneous vasodilation. The processes of reflex cutaneous vasodilation and vasoconstriction are both modified by acute factors, such as exercise and hydration, and more long-term factors, such as aging, reproductive hormones, and disease. This review will highlight some of the recent findings in these areas, as well as interesting areas of ongoing and future work.
Recent trends in Gleason grading of prostate cancer: I. Pattern interpretation. (2008)

Histologic grading remains the most useful tissue-based predictor of prognosis of prostate cancer. The Gleason system is now the only grading system recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for prostatic carcinoma. In recent years, there has been a gradual shift of how the Gleason grading is applied in practice. There has been a general trend toward upgrading of prostate cancer. A consensus conference was organized in 2005 by the International Society of Urological Pathology with the purpose to standardize both the perception of histologic patterns and how grade information is compiled and reported. The recommendations regarding pattern interpretation are summarized and discussed in this review.
A Class of Odd-Weight-Column SEC-DED-SbED Codes for Memory System Applications (1984)

Error correcting codes are widely used in memory systems to increase reliability. Especially in a memory systern that uses byte-organized memory chips, which each contain b (≫1) output bits, a single chip failure is likely to affect many bits within a byte. Single-bit error correcting-double bit error detecting-single b-bit byte error detecting codes (SEC-DED-SbED codes) are suitable for increasing the reliability of memory system. This correspondence presents a new class of odd-weight-column SEC-DED-SbED codes for b = 4. The code length is 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r-1</sup> - 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">[r/2]</sup> , where r is the number of check bits and [ ] denotes the ceiling or next largest integer. The proposed SEC-DED-S4ED codes are the best-known codes.
Accurate phase-measurement system for a fiber-optic interferometer (1981)

A system has been developed to demodulate accurately phase-modulated signals produced by an interferometric fiber-optic sensor. The system utilizes phase-lock techniques to produce a feedback signal to the fiber interferometer that serves the dual purpose of maintaining phase lock and producing an estimate of the acoustic signal.
Ethical Perceptions of CPAs (1994)

There has been an increasing concern about ethical behaviour in the accounting profession. Examines CPAs′ perceptions about the ethical behaviour which currently exists in the accounting profession. Results indicate that there is a polarity which exists among CPAs. Many believe that accountants, generally, do act in an ethical manner. Importantly, however, many others believe that unethical behaviour has increased in recent years. Further, there is a growing belief among some practitioners that the actions of partners of CPA firms may be condoning that unethical behaviour.
Developments in solution-phase combinatorial chemistry. (1999)

The use of solution-phase parallel synthesis as a means of producing libraries of compounds for lead discovery and optimization has increased steadily. More emphasis has been placed on the development of techniques that are applicable across a range of structures and chemistries. In addition, the techniques have been developed with a medicinal chemistry focus and therefore, can be used by a wide range of chemists in standard laboratory settings. This review highlights some of the developments over the last 12 to 18 months, including the use of multi-component reactions and high-throughput purification. New chemistry that may be applicable to parallel synthesis, useful scavenging techniques, and the combination of several polymer-bound reagents or applications.
A Simulation of Biomes on the Tibetan Plateau and Their Responses to Global Climate Change (2000)

The improved process-based equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model (BIOME3China) was run under the present climate to model the potential biomes on the Tibetan Plateau on a 109 grid. The simulated biome was basically in good agreement with a potential natural vegetation map based on a numerical comparison between two maps using the ΔV statistic (ΔV = 0.38). A coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model including sulfate aerosols was used to drive a double greenhouse gas scenario to the end of the next century. The simulated vegetation under changed climate with a CO2 concentration of 500 ppmv and a baseline biome map were also compared using the ΔV statistic (ΔV = 0.4). The climate change would cause a large reduction in the temperate desert, alpine steppe, desert, and ice/polar desert, a large increase in the cold-temperate conifer forest, temperate shrubland/meadow, and temperate steppe, and a general northwestward shift of all vegetation zones. In addition to simulation of biome distribution, BIOME3China also predicted net primary production (NPP) of each grid cell. Comparisons between predicted annual NPP and 160 forest NPP measurements show an agreement between them with a linear regression, despite many problems, such as the quality of the field data. The pattern of predicted annual NPP in the scenario with enhanced CO2 concentration was the same as that under the present climate; however, the NPP of each biome would increase significantly. Present permafrost simulated using the air frost index was quite similar to the actual frozen ground distribution on the Tibetan Plateau. After the change in climate, the boundary between continuous and discontinuous permafrost would shift toward the north of the plateau by about 1–2° in latitude. The continuous permafrost would mostly disappear, whereas the no-permafrost area would greatly increase. The movement of permafrost would take place with the shift of vegetation zones to the north. The disappearance of permafrost and the expansion of no-permafrost areas would accelerate the desertification of the Tibetan Plateau.
Effects of Oral Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Dimethyl Sulfone on Murine Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Disease (1986)

The results from several studies examining the effects of DMSO on autoimmune phenomena have been inconclusive, possibly because of differences in experimental models, treatment regimens and doses employed. In the present investigation, autoimmune strain MRL/lpr, C3H/lpr, and male BXSB mice were placed on a continuous treatment regimen with 3% DMSO or 3% DMSO2 in the drinking water, ad libitum, commencing at 1 to 2 months of age, before spontaneous disease development could be detected. This represented doses of 8-10 g/kg/day of DMSO and 6-8 g/kg/day of DMSO2. Both compounds were observed to extend the mean life span of MRL/lpr mice from 5 1/2 months to over 10 months of age. All strains showed decreased antinuclear antibody responses and significant diminution of lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and anemia development. Serum IgG levels and spleen IgM antibody plaque formation, however, did not differ from control values. There was no indication of involvement of systemic immunosuppressive or antiproliferative effects, and treated animals were observed to remain healthy and vigorous with no signs of toxicity. These results demonstrate that high doses of both DMSO and its major in vivo metabolite, DMSO2, provide significant protection against the development of murine autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease. Possible mechanisms of protection are discussed.
Nutrition and therapeutics (1999)

Nutrition Food and Health Research Centre, King's College London, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH, UK
Citalopram in the Treatment of Social Phobia: A Report of Three Cases (1994)

Social phobia is a chronic and disabling anxiety disorder. Although its pharmacological treatment has not been extensively studied, recent reports suggest that social phobia may be treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, beta-blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, and alprazolam. A recent study has shown that fluoxetine is also effective in social phobia, and preliminary results suggest that the same may apply to other serotonin reuptake inhibitors, too. In this paper we describe the results of citalopram treatment in three patients with social phobia.
Multistep Parallel Synthesis of Substituted 5-Aminobenzimidazoles in Solution Phase (2004)

An efficient solution-phase parallel synthesis of multisubstituted 5-aminobenzimidazoles is described. The two fluorine atoms of 1,5-difluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DFDNB) are sequentially and quantitatively replaced by nucleophiles. Simultaneous reduction of aromatic m-dinitro groups by Pd-C/HCOONH(4) results in 2,4,5-benzenetriamines, which are continuously condensed with aldehydes to successfully construct the benzimidazole ring without additional oxidants. The free aromatic amino group is further modified by anhydrides, isocyanates, isothiocyanates, and sulfonyl chlorides. All the reactions involved here are highly effective in giving the desired products at room temperature. Four diversity points are introduced in the final products.
Inhibition by Propofol of Intracellular Calcium Mobilization in Cultured Mouse Pituitary Cells (2003)

Propofol may block both entry of calcium into cells and release of calcium from intracellular stores, thereby inhibiting regulated secretion of neuropeptides. Study of the effects of propofol on intracellular calcium metabolism may increase understanding of how propofol alters brain function and may aid development of better IV anesthetics.
Preparation of Potassium Nitrate from Solid Potassium Chloride and Nitrogen Peroxide<sup>1</sup> (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Potassium Nitrate from Solid Potassium Chloride and Nitrogen Peroxide1Colin W. Whittaker, Frank O. Lundstrom, and Albert R. MerzCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1931, 23, 12, 1410–1413Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50264a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50264a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Quantum jump calculations of sub-recoil cooling in one and two dimensions (2005)

Summary form only given. Fully quantum calculations are needed for laser cooling techniques in which the momentum of the atoms is reduced close to, or below, the recoil limit. We have proposed an efficient quantum jump method that is suitable for the study of subrecoil cooling. It can also be applied to the calculation of three-dimensional velocity selective coherent population trapping proposed by Mauri and Arimondo in F=3/2 to F=3/2 transition.
Adsorption of radiopharmaceuticals to syringes: Setting up a reliable protocol for its assessment (2007)

The findings show that measurement of retention in syringes and injection sets should be regarded as an essential aspect of quality assurance before radiopharmaceuticals, syringes and injection sets are used routinely.
Encapsulated alkaline-earth metallocenes. Synthesis, solution behavior, and solid-state structures of bis(tetraisopropylcyclopentadienyl)calcium and -barium, [(C3H7)4C5H]2Ca and [(C3H7)4C5H]2Ba (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEncapsulated alkaline-earth metallocenes. Synthesis, solution behavior, and solid-state structures of bis(tetraisopropylcyclopentadienyl)calcium and -barium, [(C3H7)4C5H]2Ca and [(C3H7)4C5H]2BaR. Allen Williams, Kris F. Tesh, and Timothy P. HanusaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 13, 4843–4851Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00013a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views577Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of Silica−Dye−Semiconductor Nanocrystal Hybrid Particles (2010)

We prepared silica-dye-nanocrystal hybrid particles and studied the energy transfer from semiconductor nanocrystals (= donor) to organic dye molecules (= acceptor). Multishell CdSe/CdS/ZnS semiconductor nanocrystals were adsorbed onto monodisperse Stöber silica particles with an outer silica shell of thickness 2-23 nm containing organic dye molecules (Texas Red). The thickness of this dye layer has a strong effect on the energy transfer efficiency, which is explained by the increase in the number of dye molecules homogeneously distributed within the silica shell, in combination with an enhanced surface adsorption of nanocrystals with increasing dye amount. Our conclusions were underlined by comparison of the experimental results with numerically calculated FRET efficiencies and by control experiments confirming attractive interaction between the nanocrystals and Texas Red freely dissolved in solution.
The fight for our pensions (2011)

Thousands of teachers have descended on Parliament to protest at changes to their pensions, with strike action planned. Daniel White looks at what lies ahead.
Study on knowledge-based garment design and fit evaluation system (2017)

Le design et le bien aller d’un vetement joue un role majeur pour l’industrie du textile-habillement. Actuellement, il apparait trois inconvenients majeurs dans le processus de creation et d’evaluation d’un vetement : il est tres couteux en temps pour une efficacite moindre, il est subordonne a l’experience des designers et modelistes, il n’est pas adapte au e-commerce.Afin de resoudre cette problematique, trois concepts a la fois technologiques et mathematiques ont ete developpees. Le premier s’appuie sur l’outil GFPADT (Garment Flat and Pattern Associated design technology) permettant de creer une correspondance entre le style du vetement choisi et la morphologie du consommateur. Le second utilise l’interactivite entre deux espaces de conception 2D et 3D integree a l’outil 3DIGPMT (3D Interactive Garment Pattern Making Technology). Le dernier appele MLBGFET (Machine learning-based Garment Fit Evaluation Technology) evalue l’ajustement du vetement par un apprentissage automatique. Finalement, nous avons fourni des solutions de conception et d'evaluation de vetements basees sur la connaissance en integrant ces trois concepts bases sur des technologies cles pour resoudre certains problemes de conception et de production de vetements dans les entreprises de mode.
Plasmodium falciparum in culture: use of outdated erthrocytes and description of the candle jar method. (1977)

Plasmodium falciparum has been cultured continuously in a simplified technique using plastic petri dishes in a candle jar. This method has the advantage of being readily adaptable to many experiments, especially those requiring numerous replicates. Experiments using this method have allowed examination of some factors responsible for variations in parasite multiplication rates. Generally, fetal calf serum is not comparable to human serum, modifications to the RPMI 1640 medium are usually deleterious, and erythrocytes aged in citrated plasma are better for malarial cultures than freshly obtained cells; thus, erythrocytes outdated by blood-bank standards could provide a readily available supply of cells for large-scale production of malarial antigens. Continuous culture of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro was first obtained by a method providing for a slow flow of medium over a thin settled layer of human erythrocytes (Trager and Jensen, 1976; Trager, 1976). This method lends itself to partial automation and provides for continuous production of parasite material. It is not convenient, however, for the study of the many different factors that might affect growth of the parasites. For this purpose we developed a simplified method using plastic petri dishes in a candle jar. The essentials of this petri dish method have already been briefly described (Trager and Jensen, 1976). Here we present full details of the method and its application in demonstrating the feasibility of using outdated erythrocytes and for testing certain other modifications of the culture conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS
Characteristics of Atmospheric Metals during Dry Monsoon Season in the Coastal Region of Western Taiwan (2003)

his study investigated the characteristics (elemental concentrations, size distributions, and dry deposition flux) of aerosol particles in the coastal region of western Taiwan during the dry monsoon (fall and winter) season. Factor analysis results show that resuspended soil dust is a significant source of particles. However, factor analysis is unable to define specific emission sources of noncrustal metals, probably because these metals are mixed by long-distance transportation, regardless of their sources. On average, coarse mode particles (with aerodynamic diameters of larger than 1.0 μm) contribute 66% of the total particle mass. These coarse particles represent 53%, 64%, 62%, and 44% of the mass of elements Al, Ca, Fe, and Ti, respectively. Coarse particles predominate dry deposition fluxes because the average percentages of dry deposition fluxes attributed to fine particles are only 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.18%, 0.22% and 0.19% of the total particle mass, the Al mass, the Ca mass, the Pb mass and the Ni mass, respectively. Both atmospheric concentrations and dry deposition fluxes of Al, Ca, Fe, Mn and Sr are strongly influenced by crustal sources. For Pb, Zn, Ni, Ba, Cu and Cr, the parent aerosol is soil-oriented but the dry deposition is not. Neither the parent aerosol nor the dry deposition of V and Cd is influenced by crustal sources. Enrichment factors of most metal crust elements are considerably lower in dry deposition than in the parent aerosol. Fractionation factor analysis results show that the crustal component of a metal element in a parent aerosol is fractionated from the atmosphere by a dry deposition sequence. Although the noncrustal sources are not important in dry deposition, noncrustal elements can be easily fractionated between particles and dry deposits. Among the elements investigated, Pb had the highest fractionation factor of 12.1.
Advanced Manufacture of Spiral Bevel Gears on CNC Hypoid Generating Machine (2010)

An algorithm is developed for the execution of motions on the computer numerical control (CNC) hypoid generating machine using the relations on the cradle-type machine. The algorithm is based on the condition that, since the tool is a rotary surface and the pinion/gear blank is also related to a rotary surface, it is necessary to ensure the same relative position of the head cutter and the pinion on both machines. The algorithm is applied for the execution of motions on the CNC hypoid generator for the manufacture of spiral bevel gears, based on the machine tool setting variation on the cradle-type hypoid generator conducted by optimal polynomial functions up to the fifth-order. By using the corresponding computer program, the motion graphs of the CNC hypoid generator are determined for the manufacture of spiral bevel gears, based on the optimal variation in the velocity ratio in the kinematic scheme and on the variation in the cradle radial setting on a cradle-type generator.
Thermodynamics in social perspective (1981)

Abstract The rationale behind this discussion is an attempt to apply the basic principles of thermodynamics to the operations of social systems. Since the second law of thermodynamics was critized by Maxwell and his colleagues, the notion of entropy was introduced as being similar to the idea of uncertainty. In this paper I will try to explain how uncertainty can be removed to a certain extent by information-flow through a system, provided that one should consider the flow of information as that which does logical work to the recipient's state of readiness and that evolution can only take place in systems which operate on a certain level of openness.
Poliomyelitis Immunization House to House (1960)

WHAT results can be obtained by a house- to-house poliomyelitis campaign among
Epistemon. — Ces idées qui ont ébranlé la France (1969)

Ferry Gilles. Epistemon. — Ces idées qui ont ébranlé la France. In: Revue française de pédagogie, volume 7, 1969. pp. 63-64.