gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The VP5 Domain of VP4 Can Mediate Attachment of Rotaviruses to Cells (2000)

Some animal rotaviruses require the presence of sialic acid (SA) on the cell surface to infect the cell. We have isolated variants of rhesus rotavirus (RRV) whose infectivity no longer depends on SA. Both the SA-dependent and -independent interactions of these viruses with the cell are mediated by the virus spike protein VP4, which is cleaved by trypsin into two domains, VP5 and VP8. In this work we have compared the binding characteristics of wild-type RRV and its variant nar3 to MA104 cells. In a direct nonradioactive binding assay, both viruses bound to the cells in a saturable and specific manner. When neutralizing monoclonal antibodies directed to both the VP8 and VP5 domains of VP4 were used to block virus binding, antibodies to VP8 blocked the cell attachment of wild-type RRV but not that of the variant nar3. Conversely, an antibody to VP5 inhibited the binding of nar3 but not that of RRV. These results suggest that while RRV binds to the cell through VP8, the variant does so through the VP5 domain of VP4. This observation was further sustained by the fact that recombinant VP8 and VP5 proteins, produced in bacteria as fusion products with glutathione S-transferase, were found to bind to MA104 cells in a specific and saturable manner and, when preincubated with the cell, were capable of inhibiting the binding of wild-type and variant viruses, respectively. In addition, the VP5 and VP8 recombinant proteins inhibited the infectivity of nar3 and RRV, respectively, confirming the results obtained in the binding assays. Interestingly, when the infectivity assay was performed on neuraminidase-treated cells, the VP5 fusion protein was also found to inhibit the infectivity of RRV, suggesting that RRV could bind to the cell through two sequential steps mediated by the interaction of VP8 and VP5 with SA-containing and SA-independent cell surface receptors, respectively.
A low dilution fusion technique for the analysis of geological samples 1—method and trace element analysis (1990)

Abstract A low dilution fusion (LDF) technique using a 2:1 flux‐to‐sample ratio has been developed for the accurate determination of major, minor and trace elements in rock samples by wavelength‐dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRFS). The choice of flux, oxidant and the dilution ratio and the application to trace element analysis are discussed. The elimination of particle size effects in the homogeneous glass fusion discs is a major advantage over the use of powder pellets, especially for the determination of elements such as Ba, Cr and the REEs. The fusion technique ensures complete loss of volatiles from the rock samples and provides an accurate estimation of loss on fusion values. The oxidation and retention of sulphur in the discs were also investigated. Instrumental conditions, including corrections for spectral line interferences, are reported for 20 trace elements. The average relative error for the trace elements commonly analysed in rock samples was less than 5% and there was a decrease in sensitivity by about a factor of 2 compared with XRFS determinations on powder pellets. The LDF method has been used for the analysis of geological samples of widely varying and unusual composition, such as lamproites and kimberlites, but is also suitable as a general‐purpose sample preparation technique.
The use of ultrasound and an EDTA‐urea peroxide compound in the cleansing of root canals. An SEM study* (1984)

A bstract — Thirty‐two human teeth with constricted root canals were prepared using an EDTA‐urea peroxide compound as an aid to root canal instrumentation. A final irrigation of 3 per cent sodium hypochlorite with up to five minutes of indirect ultrasound was not sufficient to remove the debris and smear layer from the canal wall when viewed under the scanning electron microscope. It was suggested that the wax‐like smear layer could have clinical benefits and required further investigation.
Tracking control of a piezo-actuated stage based on frictional model (2005)

The tracking control accuracy of the piezoelectric actuator (PEA) is limited due to their inherent hysteretic nonlinearity. Direct drive of PEA on a positioning stage with friction force causes control problems in static errors, varying dynamic frictional force, limit cycles and stick-slip, et al. An approximated PEA model is synthesized based on linear transfer function with two uncertainty parameters for time delay and frictional force effect. The frictional model of the motion stage in the presliding and sliding regimes is considered thoroughly. The H-infinite tracking controller is designed for compensating the hysteresis delay and frictional force in PEA actuated stage during positioning. The Iterative Learning Control (ILC) is implemented to reduce the unmodelled repetitive error from the frictional characteristics. Numerical simulations and experimental tests consolidate that the RMS positioning error can be close to the hardware reproducibility and accuracy level. Experimental results show the controlled piezo-stage can be potentially used for nano technology applications for precision engineering in industrial systems.
An IMM Algorithm for Tracking Maneuvering Vehicles in an Adaptive Cruise Control Environment (2004)

Abstract: In this paper, an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) for curvilinear motions in an interacting multiple model (IMM) algorithm to track a maneuvering vehicle on a road is investigated. Driving patterns of vehicles on a road are modeled as stochastic hybrid systems. In order to track the maneuvering vehicles, two kinematic models are derived: A constant velocity model for linear motions and a constant-speed turn model for curvilinear motions. For the constant-speed turn model, an UKF is used because of the drawbacks of the extended Kalman filter in nonlinear systems. The suggested algorithm reduces the root mean squares error for linear motions and rapidly detects possible turning motions.
The pulmonary physician in critical care c 9: Non-ventilatory strategies in ARDS (2002)

Pharmacological approaches to the treatment of ARDS are reviewed. Future treatments should be targeted at elements of the pathological process that produce specific clinical problems.
Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Relapes: Why do case series differ? (1996)

We examined the retrospective case series of the Italian Cooperative Group to determine the incidence of relapses in TTP patients. Of 60 patients who have crossed the 10-year threshold from the first episode, only 9 (15%) relapsed during that period, a figure far lower than that reported recently. Such difference is hardly explainable on the basis of our current knowledge of the biological behaviour of TTP. Furthermore, we unsuccessfully analyzed the treatment performed in each of our relapsed patients, in search of some element that could retrospectively predict the subsequent relapse.
Guide for Religious Professionals Addressing Immigrant Culture Conflict Adjustment Situations (2002)

Abstract With international immigration on the rise, the United States is becoming increasingly diverse as it admits more immigrants every year. However, in contrast to past inflows of immigrants to the U.S., many now entering the U.S. come from non-European nations, whose cultural values may significantly differ with U.S. mainstream cultural values. As a result, some immigrant cultural values are clashing with U.S. mainstream cultural values as found in U.S. social institutions. Thus religious professions and congregations who attempt to help immigrants adjust to U.S. society may need to address and cope with the dilemma that results when cultures clash. With this in mind, one important question can be raised: Is there a limit to the toleration of immigrant cultural practices? In the context of this question and after examining the problem of immigrant culture clash adjustment situations, this paper reviews and evaluates the arguments in the literature associated with two possible approaches that may begin to help guide or address culture clashes: cultural relativism or cultural universalism.
ISDN telephone sets with advanced voice functions (1991)

Three types of ISDN (integrated services digital network) telephones and LSIs for ISDN telephones have been developed. These telephones feature improved functions using network information and ciphered voice communication using an end-to-end digital link. A low-cost network interface sector that uses LSI with layer 1 to 3 control functions and related software is incorporated. Also, an analog I/O sector was incorporated together with a codec onto a single chip. Low-power-consumption designs for all circuits enable operation with line-fed power for a telephone set, thereby securing communication in times of emergency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HW/SW partitioned optimization and VLSI-FPGA implementation of the MPEG-2 video decoder (2003)

In this paper, we propose an optimized real-time MPPEG-2 video decoder. The decoder has been implemented in one FPGA device as a HW/SW partitioned system. We carried out time/power-consumption analysis and optimization of the MPEG-2 decoder. On the basis of the achieved results, we decided for HW implementation of the IDCT and VTD algorithms. Remaining parts were realized in SIV with 32-bit RISC processor. MPEG-2 decoder (RISC processor, IDCT core, VLD core) has been described in Verilog/VHDL and implemented in Virtex 1600E FPGA. Finally, the decoder has been tested on the Flextronics prototyping board.
AM‐11: Enriched environments (2007)

The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves cognitive deterioration, severe memory failure, and the development of neuropathological changes including deposition of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides in the hippocampal formation and cerebral cortex. Rare, familial, early-onset cases of Alzheimer's disease (FAD) are caused by mutations in genes encoding amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin-1 (PS1) and presenilin-2 (PS2). PS is thought to be the catalytic core of the γ-secretase complex that cleaves APP. The vast majority of AD cases are the late onset form of the disease, suggesting that additional genes and/or environmental factors might play a role in late-onset AD and in the regulation of Aβ metabolism in particular. It is well established now that plastic changes occur in the adult mammalian brain following experience. The “enriched environment” paradigm, developed by Hebb, was instrumental in the first demonstrations that brain structure is dynamically responsive to experience, even in adults. In an enriched environment, the animal is exposed to a complex array of stimuli (toys, tunnels, running wheels, etc.), allowed more freedom to move and exercise, and provided more social stimulation than animals housed in standard laboratory conditions. Numerous studies indicate that environmental enrichment induces dendritic growth, stimulates dendritic branching, promotes formation of new dendritic spines, and results in increased numbers of synapses per neuron in many forebrain structures. Experience in the enriched environment also enhances memory function in various learning tasks. Intriguingly, experience in enriched environmental conditions ameliorates neuropathological processes in animal models of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and global cerebral ischemia. We have shown that exposure of FAD-linked transgenic mice to experience in enriched environmental conditions results in pronounced reductions in cerebral Aβ levels and deposition. Furthermore, environmental experience leads to an increase in the enzymatic activity of neprilysin, an Aβ degrading endopeptidase and to upregulation of genes associated with Aβ sequestration, neurogenesis, vasculogenesis and learning and memory processes. These studies provide evidence that environmental factors modulate amyloid metabolism, and that modulation of environmental conditions may provide a natural, non-invasive way of ameliorating or even preventing AD-associated neuropathology.
Chronotropic Responses of Human Heart Tissue Cultures (1972)

Three presumptive cardiac tissues from aborted human embryos which ranged in length from 2 mm to 4 mm and in age from 53 days to 71 days were maintained in culture beating rhythmically for 18-88 days. Medium renewal, temperature increases (from 31° to 38°C), and pH increases (from 6.92 to 7.75) raised the pulsation rate. Excess potassium stopped the pulsation. Sympathomimetic drugs increased the pulsation rate, and this action was blocked by the beta-receptor inhibitor, propranolol, suggesting the presence of functioning beta-receptor sites in the heart cells by the end of the second month of development.
Computer-assisted Eye Examination. V. Preliminary Evaluation of the Refractor III System for Subjective Examination (1977)

A computer-assisted subjective eye examination was administered to 78 patients as they volunteered. They were also examined in the conventional, manual way, some before and some after the computer-assisted examination. Results of the computer-assisted examination were compared to those obtained by conventional subjective methods. For the distance prescription, satisfactory agreement was obtained for 83% of the patients. The 17% unsatisfactory prescriptions were subdivided into about 6% avoidable errors (caused by errors in software, hardware, or optometric flow charts), about 6% errors of undetermined cause, and 4% fundamental errors (caused by patient's physical and mental impairment or confusion). A similar analysis is made for the near add. With further development of the system it is expected that between 90 and 96% of patients in an optometric clinic can be successfully examined by this computer-assisted method.
3-D Vector Processing of Magnetometer and Inclinometer Data (1996)

Cave surveying currently relies on visually reading a compass and clinometer. The price of magnetometers and solid-state inclinometers is falling rapidly; thus an electronic compass/clinometer with automatic data-logging is now feasible at an affordable price. However, the interpretation of the readings needs to be done with care because if the instruments are not gimballed then small errors in " pitch" and "roll" can have noticeable affects on the accuracy, with a 1degree error in elevation and roll giving rise to a bearing error of over 3 degrees in some cases. Surprisingly, perhaps, more than three axes of measurement are required to compensate for this, and for other sources of error - four axes are essential, and five or six are an advantage. The 3-D processing of this information is straight forward to implement, but difficult to derive. This paper gives formulas for the processing of multi-axis information, and explains the derivation using 3x3 rotation matrices. This paper was first presented at the BCRA Science Symposium in February 1996.
Training Melanoma Detection in Photographs Using the Perceptual Expertise Training Approach (2016)

Summary Although a deadly form of skin cancer, melanoma is treatable if detected early. However, current rule‐based training practices in melanoma detection are not effective. We assessed an innovative technique to train melanoma detection using the perceptual expertise principles. Participants in the training group were trained to categorize melanoma and benign lesions to 95% accuracy. Participants in the control group received no training. Prior to testing all participants reviewed the ABCDE rules. Training was evaluated by the pre and post tests using the Melanoma Detection Test where participants categorized images of melanoma and benign lesions. As compared to the control group, the training group showed significant improvement in melanoma detection and became less liberal (i.e., bias toward categorizing a lesion as melanoma), and both improvements maintained a week after the training. These findings indicate that perceptual expertise training is a promising approach to train melanoma detection.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Normal and Pathological Pigmentation of Oral Mucous Membrane: A Review (2003)

Pigmentation is both the normal and abnormal discoloration of oral mucous membrane. Pigmentation has multifactorial etiology. Most of the pigmentation is physiologic but sometimes it can be a precursor of severe diseases. Melanin pigment irregularities and color changes of the oral tissues could provide significant diagnostic evidence of both local and systemic disease. The differential diagnosis, clinical, etiology, and histopathological features of pigmentation are discussed and the current literature is reviewed.
GLUE SNIFFING NEUROPATHY (1985)

Three young men are described in whom a severe, subacute, predominantly motor peripheral neuropathy resulted from the deliberate inhalation of glue vapour. Weakness began after several years of daily glue sniffing and was marked in proximal as well as distal muscles. Muscle wasting was prominent at the time of presentation. Deterioration continued for several weeks after glue sniffing ceased. Peripheral nerve conduction was markedly slow and there was extensive denervation in the muscles. Characteristic changes were seen on sural nerve biopsy. The habit of glue sniffing is now widespread amongst Australian adolescents and this factor should be considered when any young person presents with a peripheral neuropathy.
STUDIES OF THE REGULATORY EFFECTS OF THE SEX HORMONES ON ANTIBODY FORMATION AND STEM CELL DIFFERENTIATION (1972)

The primary and secondary immune responses to thymus-dependent and -independent antigens were evaluated in normal male and female mice and in castrated male mice. Both IgM antibody production in the primary response and IgG antibody production in the secondary response were enhanced in females vs. males of equivalent age. Castration of the male converted this animal to a female in terms of responsiveness to the thymus-dependent group of antigens, while inducing equivalent or even greater enhanced responsiveness over the female to the thymus-independent antigen, polyvinylpyrrolidone. Further characteristics of the changes in lymphoid organs were determined in the castrated animal vs. normal males and females. It was shown that the spleen and thymus became markedly hyperplastic, the organ weights exceeding the female, which in turn were greater than in the male. The enhanced weight of the thymus was shown to be due to increased numbers of cortisone-sensitive cells, the absolute number of cortisone-resistant cells remaining equivalent to normal males and females. Thus, the increased thymic weight of the female also resided in the cortisone-sensitive population. Peripheral lymphocyte counts in castrated animals exceeded both normal males and females. Further experiments in gonadectomized males provided evidence that increased thymic cell activity per se played a role in enhanced response to thymus-dependent antigens, but that a thymic-derived hormone mediated the enhanced effect to the thymus-independent antigen in the castrated animal. The capacity for loss of androgenic hormone-producing tissue to generate enhanced differentiation of stem cells was denoted by experiments in which numbers of spleen colonies and uptake of (59)Fe, employed as an index of hematopoiesis 1 wk after reconstitution of lethally irradiated castrated and normal recipients, were enhanced in gonadectomized male animals. Thus, in summary, changes in sex hormone levels exerted a marked influence on immune responsiveness and stem cell differentiation, by increasing numbers of functioning cells, by promoting cellular differentiation, as well as by promoting cellular function via hormonal effects.
Optimal building-integrated photovoltaic applications (1995)

Photovoltaic (solar electric) modules are clean, safe and efficient devices that have long been considered a logical material for use in buildings. Recent technological advances have made PVs suitable for direct integration into building construction. PV module size, cost, appearance and reliability have advanced to the point where they can function within the architectural parameters of conventional building materials. A building essentially provides free land and structural support for a PV module, and the module in turn displaces standard building components. This report identifies the highest-value applications for PVs in buildings. These systems should be the first markets for BIPV products in the commercial buildings, and should remain an important high-end market for the foreseeable future.
Academic writers on-line: investigating pausing in the production of text (2000)

In this paper we present details of an approach to the study of writing processes based on the analysis of temporal aspects of the writing event. This approach involves recording the keystroke presses made during production of a text using a word processor, and analysing such features as pausing, fluency and revision activity. To illustrate the application of this research tool, we present findings from our study of L1 and L2 writers, and focus on the insights that such fine-grained analysis might bring to the investigation of individual approaches to writing tasks.
[The effect of EBCI Iontophoresis on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits] (1992)

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of EBC ionophoresis on increasing the rate of tooth movement in rabbits.21 rabbits,in whose lower incisors the standard orthodontic appliances were placed,were divided into 3 groups at rendom which separately received iontoporesis of EBC,iontophosesis and injection of physiological saline at the submucosal area of the lower incisors.The results showed that the animals with EBC iontophoresis obtained tooth movement rate of 4.275+/-0.1214(mm) and the animals with NaCl iontophoresis and injection were respectively 3.337+/-0.4626(mm) and 2.178+/-0.2922(mm).The histological observation had also found the evidence of the ability of EBC to stimulate osteoclasts in preiodontal pression side and osteoblasts in tension.This study suggested that iontophoresis of EBC could play an important role in reconstructing the periodontum and speeding the tooth movement in rabbits.
“Click” Immobilization of a VEGF-Mimetic Peptide on Decellularized Endothelial Extracellular Matrix to Enhance Angiogenesis (2014)

We show that coating of decellularized extracellular matrix (DC-ECM) on substrate surfaces is an efficient way to generate a platform mimicking the native ECM environment. Moreover, the DC-ECM can be modified with a peptide (QK) mimicking vascular endothelial growth factor without apparently compromising its integrity. The modification was achieved through metabolic incorporation of a "clickable" handle to DC-ECM followed by rapid attachment of the QK peptide with an azido tag using copper-catalyzed click reaction. The attachment of the QK peptide on to DC-ECM in this way further enhanced the angiogenic responses (formation of branched tubular networks) of endothelial cells.