gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Der Einsatz von Stärke bei der Modifizierung synthetischer Kunststoffe (1993)

Abstract Synthetische Kunststoffe wurden unter Verwendung von Stärken modifiziert und neue Verbundwerkstoffe entwickelt, deren resultierende Eigenschaftsprofile Anwendungen zulassen, die dem Ausgangspolymeren verschlossen bleiben. Drei unterschiedliche Kategorien von Verbundwerkstoffen wurden auf einem gleichsinnig drehenden, dicht kämmenden Doppelschneckenextruder hergestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften charakterisiert. Die erste Kategorie umfaßt Werkstoffe, bei denen die Stärke in ihrer natürlichen granulären Erscheinungsform als funktioneller Füllstoff genutzt wird. Das Eigenschaftsprofil hängt dabei ent‐scheidend von den Wechselwirkungen zwischen Stärkekornoberfläche und Matrixpolymer ab, und kann durch ein Organosilancoating der Stärke signifikant verbessert werden. Die anderen beiden Kategorien basieren auf der Verwendung von destrukturierter Stärke, die durch mechanisch/thermische Desintegration der makroskopischen Stärkekörner unter Zugabe von Plastifikatoren und Weichmachern im Extruder erzeugt wird. Die so erzeugte entstandene, thermoplastisch verarbeitbare Formmasse kann im Einzelfall direkt als Werkstoff Verwendung finden. Der bedeutendere Anwendungsbereich für thermoplastische Stärken (TPS) ergibt sich jedoch im Verbund mit Polymeren in Form von Legierungen und Blends. In Kombination mit Ethylencopolymeren entstehen Verbundwerkstoffe, bei denen die TPS trotz ihres höheren Anteils in Form kleinster, diskret verteilter Partikeln in der, die kontinuierliche Phase bildenden Polymermatrix eingelagert ist. Die resultierenden Eigenschaften solcher Blends hängen dabei entscheidend von der sich ausbildenden Mikrostruktur und Morphologie ab.
Occluded object recognition using extended local features and hashing (2002)

We propose a new occluded object recognition method using extended local features and hashing. First we present some methods for extracting the extended local features such as corners, arcs, parallel-lines, and corner-arcs from the preprocessed images. Then we construct the knowledge-base using hashing, which can reduce the searching time significantly. In order to match the hypothesized objects, we find a geometric transform using clustering, which brings a model point to the corresponding image point. Our methods were tested on a hypercube-topology multiprocessor computer, the Intel iPSC/2.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Establishment of Human Cell Lines Lacking Mitochondrial DNA (2009)

Mitochondria have their own genome, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 2 ribosomal RNAs, 22 transfer RNAs, and 13 polypeptides that function in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). mtDNA mutations lead to dysfunction of OXPHOS, resulting in cell death and/or compromised cellular activity. Cell lines lacking mtDNA (termed rho(0) cells) are very effective tools for studying the consequences of mtDNA mutations. rho(0)cell lines have been used widely to investigate relationships between mtDNA mutation, mitochondrial function, and a variety of cellular processes. In this chapter, we summarize the yeast and animal rho(0) cell lines that have been studied. We provide simple protocols for the generation of human rho(0) cells by exposure to ethidium bromide and PCR verification of their rho(0) status.
Design Principles for Single Loop Transistor Feedback Amplifiers (1957)

The design of single loop transistor feedback amplifiers is considered. A criterion of stability is introduced which is useful for either calculating or measuring the stability margins of transistor amplifiers, and in particular, single loop feedback amplifiers. Expressions are derived for relating sensitivity and impedance to feedback. Practical design techniques are discussed and are illustrated by the design of a one-megacycle carrier-frequency feedback amplifier. It is shown that a transistor feedback amplifier is an excellent wideband video amplifier.
Alkylation of Benzene by Propylene to Cumene (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Basis of Design Project Definition Manufacturing Routes Physical Properties Reaction-Engineering Analysis Chemical-Reaction Network Catalysts for the Alkylation of Aromatics Thermal Effects Chemical Equilibrium Kinetics Reactor/Separator/Recycle Structure Mass Balance and Simulation Energy Integration Complete Process Flowsheet Reactive Distillation Process Conclusions References
Very high-transconductance heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) (1987)

A new form of FET has been demonstrated in the GaAs/AlGaAs material system. Designated the HFET, it has shown a transconductance of 500mS/mm at 300K for a nominal Lg =2μm and a drain current of 430mA/mm. The conduction occurs in an inversion channel at the heterointerface.
Mechanisms of heteroresistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1994)

Characteristic for methicillin-resistant (Mcr) staphylococci is the heterogeneous expression of the intrinsic methicillin resistance. The majority of the cells express resistance to low concentrations of methicillin, and a minority of the cells express resistance to much higher concentrations. We show here (i) that the presence of the mecA encoding region on plasmid pBBB79 was sufficient to render a methicillin-susceptible (Mcs) Staphylococcus aureus strain heteroresistant and (ii) that this Mcr strain segregated highly resistant subclones which retained the high-resistance phenotype under nonselective growth conditions. The Mcr strain with only mecA on plasmid pBBB79 thus behaved identically to a Mcr strain carrying the complete mec determinant integrated at its proper chromosomal site. (iii) Curing a such highly resistant subclone from plasmid pBBB79 yielded an Mcs strain that was as susceptible as the original Mcs parent strain. (iv) Comparisons were made between the original parent and the cured Mcs strain by backcrossing pBBB79 into them and looking at their progeny. Transductants derived from the formerly highly resistant cured strain became resistant to high concentrations of methicillin, whereas transductants derived from the original parent strain were resistant to lower concentrations of methicillin and showed the typical heterogeneous resistance. We deduced therefrom that the high-level resistance expressed by the minority of the population of Mcr S. aureus was due to a chromosomal mutation(s) (chr*) involving neither mecA nor the additional 30 kb of mec-associated DNA. Moreover, we could show that this postulated mutation chr* was not linked to the femAB operon, which is known to affect methicillin resistance levels.
Methylphenidate Enhances Noradrenergic Transmission and Suppresses Mid- and Long-Latency Sensory Responses in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of Awake Rats (2006)

Noradrenergic neurons send widespread projections to sensory networks throughout the brain and regulate sensory processing via norepinephrine (NE) release. As a catecholamine reuptake blocker, methylphenidate (MPH) is likely to interact with noradrenergic transmission and NE modulatory action on sensory systems. To characterize the neurochemical actions of MPH in the primary sensory cortex of freely behaving rats and their consequences on sensory processing, we measured extracellular NE levels in the primary somatosensory (SI) cortex by microdialysis and recorded basal and sensory-evoked discharge of infragranular SI cortical neurons, before and after intraperitoneal administrations of saline or MPH (1 and 5 mg/kg). Both doses of MPH significantly increased NE levels in the SI cortex (+64 and +101%, respectively). In most neurons, stimulation of the whisker-pad induced a triphasic response, consisting of a short-latency excitation [4.7 +/- 0.2 (SE) ms] followed by a postexcitatory inhibition (36 +/- 1.5 ms) and a long-latency excitation (105 +/- 2.6 ms). Under control conditions, the behavioral state of the animal was correlated with the magnitude of the short-latency excitation but not with other aspects of the basal and sensory-evoked discharge of SI cortical neurons. At 5 mg/kg, MPH significantly increased locomotor activity and induced a significant suppression of the short-latency excitation, which probably resulted from the MPH-induced change in behavior. In addition, both doses of MPH suppressed the postexcitatory inhibition and the long-latency excitation evoked by the stimulation of the whisker pad. These effects did not seem to result from the locomotor effect of MPH and probably involved MPH-induced enhancement of noradrenergic transmission.
Feed thickener for newborn infants with gastro-oesophageal reflux (2002)

There is no evidence from randomised controlled trials to support or refute the efficacy of feed thickeners in newborn infants with GOR. Given the absence of evidence, we cannot recommend using thickening agents for management of GOR in newborn infants.
Development of the Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System (2002)

Quantitative analysis of large numbers of cells exposed to various stresses would be facilitated by an automated microscope system designed to monitor up to 1000 microscope fields over time intervals of up to one month. The Large Scale Digital Cell Analysis System (LSDCAS) was designed by the authors to provide such analysis capabilities. This report presents a description of the development of the LSDCAS and its application to the study of cells undergoing radiation-induced mitotic catastrophe. A detailed description of the data acquisition algorithms used and the hardware configuration underlying the system is presented. Quantitative analysis of colony formation of cells exposed to 5 Gy X irradiation is presented. Upon analysis, it was found that the plating efficiency in irradiated populations agreed with that obtained using conventional colony-formation assays, indicating the accuracy of LSDCAS in the determination of cell clonogenicity. An unexpected finding was that fully 50% of the surviving colonies exhibited mitotic catastrophe that persisted throughout colony formation. Ongoing extension of the capabilities of the LSDCAS using image segmentation techniques applied to a variety of cellular endpoints is then briefly described.
Relative Importance of Bacteriocin-Like Genes in Antagonism of<i>Xanthomonas perforans</i>Tomato Race 3 to<i>Xanthomonas euvesicatoria</i>Tomato Race 1 Strains (2005)

In a previous study, tomato race 3 (T3) strains of Xanthomonas perforans became predominant in fields containing both X. euvesicatoria and X. perforans races T1 and T3, respectively. This apparent ability to take over fields led to the discovery that there are three bacteriocin-like compounds associated with T3 strains. T3 strain 91-118 produces at least three different bacteriocin-like compounds (BCN-A, BCN-B, and BCN-C) antagonistic toward T1 strains. We determined the relative importance of the bacteriocin-like compounds by constructing the following mutant forms of a wild-type (WT) T3 strain to evaluate the antagonism to WT T1 strains: Mut-A (BCN-A-), Mut-B (BCN-B-), Mut-C (BCN-C-), Mut-AB, Mut-BC, and Mut-ABC. Although all mutant and WT T3 strains reduced the T1 populations in in planta growth room experiments, Mut-B and WT T3 were significantly more effective. Mutants expressing BCN-B and either BCN-A or BCN-C reduced T1 populations less than mutants expressing only BCN-A or BCN-C. The triple-knockout mutant Mut-ABC also had a significant competitive advantage over the T1 strain. In pairwise-inoculation field experiments where plants were coinoculated with an individual mutant or WT T3 strain and the T1 strain, the mutant strains and the WT T3 strain were reisolated from more than 70% of the lesions. WT T3 and Mut-B were the most frequently reisolated strains. In field experiments where plants were group inoculated with Mut-A, Mut-B, Mut-C, Mut-ABC, and WT T1 and T3 strains, Mut-B populations dominated all three seasons. In greenhouse and field experiments, the WT and mutant T3 strains had a selective advantage over T1 strains. Bacterial strains expressing both BCN-A and BCN-C appeared to have a competitive advantage over all other mutant and WT strains. Furthermore, BCN-B appeared to be a negative factor, with mutant T3 strains lacking BCN-B having a selective advantage in the field.
The Learn@Work Socrates-Minerva Research Project 2005-2007 (2010)

This article offers a summary of the goals, activities, products and evaluation of the Socrates-Minerva research project 2005–2007 – Learn@Work. The partners were four higher education providers: Glasgow-Caledonian University (lead), University of Aalborg, University of Innsbruck, and the Dublin Institute of Technology, with one private partner, ATiT, Brussels. The project aim was to develop and test IT-based materials for induction and support for worker-learners using pilot studies in the partner countries, and the development of usable case studies and theoretical models.
Semantic Similarity Calculation of Chinese Word (2014)

This paper puts forward a two layers computing method to calculate semantic similarity of Chinese word. Firstly, using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) subject model to generate subject spatial domain. Then mapping word into topic space and forming topic distribution which is used to calculate semantic similarity of word(the first layer computing). Finally, using semantic dictionary "HowNet" to deeply excavate semantic similarity of word (the second layer computing). This method not only overcomes the problem that it’s not specific enough merely using LDA to calculate semantic similarity of word, but also solves the problems such as new words (haven’t been added in dictionary) and without considering specific context when calculating semantic similarity based on semantic dictionary "HowNet". By experimental comparison, this thesis proves feasibility,availability and advantages of the calculation method.
Randomized trial of buprenorphine for treatment of concurrent opiate and cocaine dependence (2004)

A sublingual buprenorphine solution at 16 mg daily is well tolerated and effective in reducing concomitant opiate and cocaine use. The therapeutic effect on cocaine use appears independent of that on opiate use.
An Algorithm for Effective Mitigation of Commutation Failure in High-Voltage Direct-Current Systems (2016)

High-voltage direct-current (HVDC) systems are being widely employed in various applications owing to their advantages, such as bulk power transmission, long-distance transmission, and power-flow control. However, HVDC systems suffer from commutation failure, a major drawback that leads to increased device stress, interruptions in transmitted power, and problems related to protection relay setting, in turn, resulting in system instability during operation. Therefore, many studies have investigated the mitigation of commutation failure by considering its underlying factors, that is, ac voltage reduction, dc current increment, and crossing point shifts of phase voltage. However, these approaches are limited in that they are unable to mitigate intermittent commutation failure in a transient state. This study proposes an improved algorithm that mitigates commutation failure by considering the results of previous studies as well as the control characteristics of HVDC systems. The proposed algorithm is tested in various scenarios, and the test results verify its feasibility.
Visual saliency-based fast intracoding algorithm for high efficiency video coding (2017)

Intraprediction has been significantly improved in high efficiency video coding over H.264/AVC with quad-tree-based coding unit (CU) structure from size 64×64 to 8×8 and more prediction modes. However, these techniques cause a dramatic increase in computational complexity. An intracoding algorithm is proposed that consists of perceptual fast CU size decision algorithm and fast intraprediction mode decision algorithm. First, based on the visual saliency detection, an adaptive and fast CU size decision method is proposed to alleviate intraencoding complexity. Furthermore, a fast intraprediction mode decision algorithm with step halving rough mode decision method and early modes pruning algorithm is presented to selectively check the potential modes and effectively reduce the complexity of computation. Experimental results show that our proposed fast method reduces the computational complexity of the current HM to about 57% in encoding time with only 0.37% increases in BD rate. Meanwhile, the proposed fast algorithm has reasonable peak signal-to-noise ratio losses and nearly the same subjective perceptual quality.
Postprocessing of Low Bit-Rate Block DCT Coded Images Based on a Fields of Experts Prior (2007)

Transform coding using the discrete cosine transform (DCT) has been widely used in image and video coding standards, but at low bit rates, the coded images suffer from severe visual distortions which prevent further bit reduction. Postprocessing can reduce these distortions and alleviate the conflict between bit rate reduction and quality preservation. Viewing postprocessing as an inverse problem, we propose to solve it by the maximum a posteriori criterion. The distortion caused by coding is modeled as additive, spatially correlated Gaussian noise, while the original image is modeled as a high order Markov random field based on the fields of experts framework. Experimental results show that the proposed method, in most cases, achieves higher PSNR gain than other methods and the processed images possess good visual quality. In addition, we examine the noise model used and its parameter setting. The noise model assumes that the DCT coefficients and their quantization errors are independent. This assumption is no longer valid when the coefficients are truncated. We explain how this problem can be rectified using the current parameter setting.
Bacterial bile salt hydrolase: an intestinal microbiome target for enhanced animal health (2016)

To effectively mitigate antimicrobial resistance in the agricultural ecosystem, there is an increasing pressure to reduce and eliminate the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth promotion and disease prevention in food animals. However, limiting antibiotic use could compromise animal production efficiency and health. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop effective alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs). Increasing evidence has shown that the growth-promoting effect of AGPs was highly correlated with the reduced activity of bile salt hydrolase (BSH), an intestinal bacterial enzyme that has a negative impact on host fat digestion and energy harvest; consistent with this finding, the population of Lactobacillus species, the major intestinal BSH-producer, was significantly reduced in response to AGP use. Thus, BSH is a key mechanistic microbiome target for developing novel alternatives to AGPs. Despite recent significant progress in the characterization of diverse BSH enzymes, research on BSH is still in its infancy. This review is focused on the function of BSH and its significant impacts on host physiology in human beings, laboratory animals and food animals. The gaps in BSH-based translational microbiome research for enhanced animal health are also identified and discussed.
An Optimization of Parameters for Application of a Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Microprobe for the Analysis of Works of Art (2008)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) provides many advantages for analysis of works of art. Both qualitative and semi-quantitative information about the elemental composition of an object can be rapidly obtained using LIBS. The time of response is on the order of a few seconds and no sample preparation is required. The possibility of performing analysis in museums and archeological sites makes LIBS particularly important; the combination of laser ablation and analysis as encountered in LIBS provides means to effectively carry out depth profiling of samples. By combining the use of a microscope, the dimension of the spot of the laser used to carry out analysis can be reduced and the spatial resolution highly improved; in this way, a very small area of the sample (on the order of 10 miccrom) can be analyzed. The aim of this work is to investigate the best working conditions in order to obtain the least amount of material removal during analysis, and, at the same time, the best quality in the spectral response for rapid and reliable identification of the elemental composition of an object. First, investigations were undertaken using metal alloys; second, the optimized LIBS conditions were used for analysis of models of painting layers prepared in the laboratory. Finally, a painting cross-section and a 19th century painted icon were analyzed using the micro-LIBS setup.
Wetland classification in western Canada (1976)

The system of classifying marshes and shallow open waters described in this paper is based on data obtained during a 10-year study of 103 wetlands at three locations in the grassland and aspen parkland regions of Saskatchewan. The features I have used in this system fall into two groups, those related to a wetland's vegetation and those based on its physical characteristics.
Vibrotactile Feedback for Haptics and Telemanipulation: Survey, Concept and Experiment (2012)

In telemanipulation and 3D virtual interactions it is important to transmit force sen- sation from the remote or virtual environment to the operator. Due to the weak points (control issues, robustness, cost) of real force feedback devices, methods where force is rendered on non-native sensory channels have grounds. In this paper, a survey of the related literature is presented and the concept of sensor-bridging type cognitive infocommunications based force reflecting schemes is discussed. A complete experimental infrastructure with hardware and soft- ware components is built providing a background for the investigation of the proposed methods from practical usability aspects. This environment is utilized in a pilot experiment with human participants providing substantial observations on the usability of sensor-bridging type vibro- tactile force feedback methods. The test confirms that vibrotactile glove equipped with shaftless vibration motors can be successfully applied as tactile/haptic feedback device in immersive vir- tual reality applications.
Direct visual internal urethrotomy: Is it a durable treatment option? (2017)

Although DVIU may be a management option for anterior urethral stricture disease, it seems that long-term results are disappointing.
Burst-trapping techniques for a compound channel (1969)

An adaptive decoding technique called burst trapping is presented to correct both random and burst errors. Two decoding algorithms are used, one for random errors, and the other for bursts. The former is based on a conventional correction technique, the latter utilizes an encoding procedure for which each information digit appears twice in the data stream, first unchanged, and second combined with (addition modulo <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</tex> ) a check digit of a widely separated later block. Whenever the number of errors within a code block are detected to be too large to correct with the random-error-correcting algorithm, the burst-correcting algorithm corrects these errors by recovering the information from later blocks where it appears in combination with check digits. It is shown that the scheme requires very limited guard space and has limited error propagation. Furthermore, the storage requirement is even smaller than the guard space. This is the only known coding system that has this desirable feature. Results of simulation of such codes over telephone channels indicate that the performance of such codes, when compared with interleaved block codes, offers better results at significantly lower cost.