gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of the Phases in the Observation of Surface Electromagnetic Waves (1989)

Abstract The present work shows the behaviour of the phases in the determination of the surface electromagnetic waves in Kretschmann's configuration. The experimental arrangement employed is the same as the one used by Swalen et al., complemented with a polarization interferometer. We noticed that the phases provide a very precise account of the highest couplings.
Map channel decoding: Algorithm and VLSI architecture (2002)

The symbol by symbol MAP algorithm is parallelized leading to a purely feedforward block processing architecture for high speed soft output channel decoding. Using a novel algebraic formulation of the MAP algorithm, an algorithmic modification is discussed resulting a large decrease in complexity. A concatenated decoding system employing the soft output MAP algorithm compares favorably with parallel Viterbi decoders using a standard code, which is proved by a high speed system example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New species of the water mite family Hydryphantidae (Acarina) from the Northern Territory, Australia (1988)

Four new species of Hydryphantidae, Mamersa corndorl, Pseudohydryphantes wangai,. P. aroona and P. mataranka, are described from the Northern Territory, Australia. Keys to the known species of Mamersa Koenike and the Australasian species of Pseudohydryphantes K. Viets are presented.
Eye, brain, and vision (1988)

This work examines the mechanisms by which we perceive colour, depth and movement, and the function of the fibres connecting the two halves of the brain. The author describes how the visual circuits develop before birth and discusses the unexpected consequences of visual deprivation early in life. He describes current knowledge concerning the higher visual areas of the brain known as 18, V4 and MT. The tasks scientists face in deciphering the remaining mysteries of vision and the workings of the human brain are also explored.
Tool Degradation Characterization in the Friction Stir Welding of Hard Metals (2010)

Friction stir welding (FSW) was invented in 1991 as a new solid-state welding process.It enjoyed early success in the joining of aluminum (Al) and other soft metals.Over the years, technological advancements in tool material have enabled this process to be applied to hard metals such as steel and titanium (Ti).These advanced tool materials are better able to withstand the harsh welding environment that accompanies the FSW of hard metals.During the FSW of steel, the combination of high welding temperatures (900C) and high material flow stress can cause significant degradation of the tool.Studies aimed at identifying suitable tool materials for the FSW of steel have demonstrated a tool material should have the following properties: high fracture toughness, excellent yield strength at high temperatures, a stable microstructure, excellent wear resistance, and be inert to the workpiece material.One such tool material that meets these requirements are refractory-based alloys, specifically tungsten (W) based.Understanding how W based tool materials degrade during a friction stir weld is imperative to advancing the technology and the success of FSW in hard metals.By reducing how much a tool degrades, the tool life will increase driving down the capital cost associated with FSW.Due to certain W alloys ductility at room temperature, the largest factor governing tool life is the degradation rate during welding.Previous studies Program deserve thanks for their funding support.I am also indebted to Messer's David
First experimental photoelectron spectra of superhalogens and their theoretical interpretations (1999)

Photoelectron spectra of the MX2− (M=Li, Na; X=Cl, Br, I) superhalogen anions have been obtained for the first time. The first vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were measured to be 5.92±0.04 (LiCl2−), 5.86±0.06 (NaCl2−), 5.42±0.03 (LiBr2−), 5.36±0.06 (NaBr2−), 4.88±0.03 (LiI2−), and 4.84±0.06 eV (NaI2−), which are all well above the 3.61 eV electron detachment energy of Cl−, the highest among atomic anions. Experimental photoelectron spectra have been assigned on the basis of ab initio outer valence Green function (OVGF) calculations. The corresponding theoretical first VDEs were found to be 5.90 (LiCl2−), 5.81 (NaCl2−), 5.48 (LiBr2−), 5.43 (NaBr2−), 4.57 (LiI2−), and 4.50 eV (NaI2−), in excellent agreement with the experimental values. Photodetachment from the top four valence molecular orbitals (2σg22σu21πu41πg4) of MX2− was observed. Analysis of the polestrength showed that all electron detachment channels in this study can be described as primarily one-electron processes.
Hinokiflavone, a Cytotoxic Principle from<i>Rhus succedanea</i>and the Cytotoxicity of the Related Biflavonoids<sup>1</sup> (1989)

Hinokiflavone (1) was isolated as the cytotoxic principle from the drupes of Rhus succedanea L. A comparison of the cytotoxicity of 1 and other related biflavonoids, including amentoflavone (2), robustaflavone (3), agathisflavone (4), rhusflavone (5), rhusflavanone (6) and its hexaacetate (7), succedaneaflavanone (8) and its hexaacetate (9), cupressuflavone (10), neorhusflavanone (11), volkensiflavone (12) and its hexamethyl ether (13), spicataside (14) and its nonaacetate (15), morelloflavone (16) and its heptaacetate (17) and heptamethyl ether (18), GB-1a (19) and its hexamethyl ether (20) and 7"-O-beta-glucoside (21), and GB-2a (22), indicates that an ether linkage between two units of apigenin as seen in 1 is structurally required for significant cytotoxicity. Compounds 13 and 20 also demonstrated significant cytotoxicity.
Compact fractal shaped, unequal length branch-line coupler for dual-band applications (2014)

This paper presents a novel, compact, fractal shaped, unequal length branch-line coupler for dual band applications. The proposed planer topology exhibits compact size as well as dual band characteristics with quadrature phase difference centered at 900 MHz (GSM band) and at 2.4 GHz (ISM) band, with a band ratio of 2.7. Explicit design equations of the proposed coupler are analytically derived using ABCD parameter and rigorous trigonometric identities. The perfect topology of the design is obtained iteratively by EM simulations. Novel coupler shows good in-band performance with a sharp attenuation at around mid frequency (1.6 GHz). Most importantly, the work demonstrates the compatibility between fractal and stub tapped technique and the provision of an alternative approach and new concept of designing MMICs.
The 2019‐new coronavirus epidemic: Evidence for virus evolution (2020)

There is a worldwide concern about the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV as a global public health threat. In this article, we provide a preliminary evolutionary and molecular epidemiological analysis of this new virus. A phylogenetic tree has been built using the 15 available whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, 12 whole genome sequences of 2019-nCoV, and 12 highly similar whole genome sequences available in gene bank (five from the severe acute respiratory syndrome, two from Middle East respiratory syndrome, and five from bat SARS-like coronavirus). Fast unconstrained Bayesian approximation analysis shows that the nucleocapsid and the spike glycoprotein have some sites under positive pressure, whereas homology modeling revealed some molecular and structural differences between the viruses. The phylogenetic tree showed that 2019-nCoV significantly clustered with bat SARS-like coronavirus sequence isolated in 2015, whereas structural analysis revealed mutation in Spike Glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein. From these results, the new 2019-nCoV is distinct from SARS virus, probably trasmitted from bats after mutation conferring ability to infect humans.
OSU-03012, a Novel Celecoxib Derivative, Induces Reactive Oxygen Species–Related Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Systemic treatments for HCC have been largely unsuccessful. OSU-03012 is a derivative of celecoxib with anticancer activity. The mechanism of action is presumably 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) inhibition. This study investigated the potential of OSU-03012 as a treatment for HCC. OSU-03012 inhibited cell growth of Huh7, Hep3B, and HepG2 cells with IC(50) below 1 mumol/L. In Huh7 cells, OSU-03012 did not suppress PDK1 or AKT activity. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry analysis indicated that OSU-03012 did not induce cellular apoptosis. Instead, morphologic studies by light and electron microscopy, as well as special biological staining with monodansylcadaverine, acridine orange, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, revealed OSU-03012-induced autophagy of Huh7 cells. This OSU-03012-induced autophagy was inhibited by 3-methyladenine. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was detected after OSU-03012 treatment. Blocking ROS accumulation with ROS scavengers inhibited autophagy formation, indicating that ROS accumulation and subsequent autophagy formation might be a major mechanism of action of OSU-03012. Daily oral treatment of BALB/c nude mice with OSU-03012 suppressed the growth of Huh7 tumor xenografts. Electron microscopic observation indicated that OSU-03012 induced autophagy in vivo. Together, our results show that OSU-03012 induces autophagic cell death but not apoptosis in HCC and that the autophagy-inducing activity is at least partially related to ROS accumulation.
Sharing your Urban Residential WiFi (UR-WiFi) (2006)

Cheap and ubiquitous broadband wireless access is what most of the operators are aiming for. This paper analyses an innovative proposal to extend the traditional fixed coverage offered by residential broadband into an urban wireless coverage using urban residential wireless fidelity (UR-WiFi) project. UR-WiFi assumes that by giving some incentive, the broadband customer would extend his surplus broadband and wireless bandwidth for public usage. The study performs a feasibility study of coverage, capacity and interference modelling based on different 802.11x technologies. In-depth technical analysis is complimented with detailed analytical and experimental data and is extrapolated on a countrywide basis. Based on results, we believe UR-WiFi provides a viable option for next generation broadband wireless access
Wilson's Storm petrels, Shear waters and Other Seabirds in the Gulf of Aden and Indian Ocean (1950)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Density-functional thermochemistry. I. The effect of the exchange-only gradient correction (1992)

Previous work by the author on diatomic molecules and by others on polyatomic systems has revealed that Kohn–Sham density-functional theory with ‘‘gradient corrected’’ exchange-correlation approximations gives remarkably good molecular bond and atomization energies. In the present communication, we report the results of an extensive survey of density-functional atomization energies on the 55 molecules of the Gaussian-1 thermochemical data base of Pople and co-workers [J. Chem. Phys. 90, 5622 (1989); 93, 2537 (1990)]. These calculations have been performed by the fully numerical molecules (NUMOL) program of Becke and Dickson [J. Chem. Phys. 92, 3610 (1990)] and are therefore free of basis-set uncertainties. We find an average absolute error in the total atomization energies of our 55 test molecules of 3.7 kcal/mol, compared to 1.6 kcal/mol for the Gaussian-1 procedure and 1.2 kcal/mol for Gaussian-2.
Strategy Formulation by Banks (1989)

The revolution experienced in the banking industry over the last decade has led to a constant series of changes with banks attempting to adjust their internal organisation to suit the ever‐changing external environment. The author includes edited extracts from his research into this process of strategic formulation and the translation of marketing and planning concepts to meet the needs and character of the corporate market in Britain. Major issues influencing the development of a competitive strategy are examined, topics of strategic formulation, differentiation and the nature of transactions between banks and their customers are discussed, and the findings of market and industry analysis, outlining the practical use to which research findings have been put, is illustrated. Findings reveal that banks have been forced to identify the profitability and content of the constituent parts of their total business, and market segmentation is now seen as a necessary discipline. The current economic environment requires not only a more rapid adjustment to change, but to be effective must create within the organisation a culture which induces managers to act as agents of change.
Silver Nanoparticles (2012)

Nanotechnology is an important field of modern research dealing with design, synthesis, and manipulation of particles structure ranging from approximately 1-100 nm.Tremendous growth in this emerging technology has opened novel fundamental and applied frontiers, including the synthesis of nanoscale materials and exploration or utilization of their exotic physicochemical and optoelectronic properties.Nanotechnology is rapidly gaining importance in a number of areas such as health care, cosmetics, food and feed, environmental health, mechanics, optics,
Development of a Novel Reference Plane for the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph with Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements (2002)

A novel reference plane for the HRT defined by OCT measurements may improve the ability of the HRT to detect early glaucoma, especially in eyes with tilted discs.
Industrial Utilization of Tin-Initiated Resorbable Polymers:  Synthesis on a Large Scale with a Low Amount of Initiator Residue (2007)

This article presents the successful large-batch synthesis of a resorbable polymer with a minimal amount of residual tin. Ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone was performed in toluene, with a tin (IV) alkoxide as the initiator. A number of parameters were varied in order to study the polymerization with respect to the purity of solvent, batch size, and the residual amount of tin in the polymers. The synthesis of epsilon-caprolactone in undistilled toluene with 1-di-n-butyl-1-stanna-2,5-dioxacyclopentane as the initiator was successfully performed in batches of 5, 20, and 50 g with no differences in the final conversion, molecular weight, or molecular-weight distribution. The residual amount of tin was significantly reduced from over 1000 to 23 ppm. This study examines the industrial utility of the materials regarding the size and purity of the synthesis.
Conformational properties of isotactic poly(2‐hyroxyethyl methacrylate) in the mixed water‐alcohol solvents (1987)

Abstract Conformational properties of isotactic poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) have been studied in mixtures of water and several aliphatic alcohols by viscometry and fluorometry. The highest fluorescence intensity of auramine has been detected in aqueous isotactic PHEMA solution compared with several aliphatic alcohol systems. Upon aliphatic alcohol addition, there was the decrease of fluorescence intensity of auramine. As the number of aliphatic group of alcohol increases, the decrease of fluorescence intensity of auramine has been pronounced. And the sharp increases of the reduced viscosity of isotactic PHEMA in water‐alcohol solvents were observed in the lower region of alcohol volume percentage with the increasing number of aliphatic group of alcohol. Nevertheless, the sharp increase of the reduced viscosity of isotactic PHEMA in ethyleneglycol‐water solvent was obtained even at a low‐volume percentage region of ethyleneglycol at which compact structures exist. Therefore, we consider that the increase of viscosity at this region is due to the hydrophilic side group of polymer‐solvent interaction, forming hydrogen bonds. The experimental results suggest that compact structures of isotactic PHEMA in aqueous solution are caused by hydrophobic interactions by methyl group of polymer backbone, and the hydrophobic interaction by adding alcohols. Finally, our study brings the fact that the solvating sites of alcohols on the isotactic PHEMA molecule are strongly influenced by the number of hydroxyl and aliphatic group in alcohols.
Industrial solvents handbook (1999)

Completely revised, and vastly expanded, this Fifth Edition is a well-established and successful reference volume designed principally for the chemical and other process industries, but will be found useful by anyone needing the latest pertinent data on industrial solvents. This Fifth Edition is uniquely helpful when it becomes necessary to select a new solvent on a competitive or comparative basis; when the customary solvent, employed hitherto, might no longer be available, or can no longer be used because of environmental reasons; or when prices have risen to such an extent that an existing process must be redesigned to make it economically feasible again. The over 1,200 tables in this book contain basic data on the physical properties of most solvents and on the solubilities of a variety of materials in these solvents. Even phase diagrams for multicomponent systems are included. Particularly valuable are the comparative data for various solvents in the last chapter.
Notizen: Über die Bildung eines Aminozuckers aus d-Fructose und Ammoniak (1952)

Aus d-Fructose und Ammoniak wird eine Substanz gebildet, die sich papierchromatographisch wie Glucosamin verhält. In Gegenwart von Phosphat findet die Reaktion in geringem Ausmaß auch in neutraler Lösung statt. Es wird die Möglichkeit erörtert, daß die Glucosaminbildung im Organismus auf einem ähnlichen Wege erfolgen könnte.
The difference between etching bromine and polishing on HgCdTe material and photoconductive detector (2013)

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Interactive Semisupervised Learning for Microarray Analysis (2007)

Microarray technology has generated vast amounts of gene expression data with distinct patterns. Based on the premise that genes of correlated functions tend to exhibit similar expression patterns, various machine learning methods have been applied to capture these specific patterns in microarray data. However, the discrepancy between the rich expression profiles and the limited knowledge of gene functions has been a major hurdle to the understanding of cellular networks. To bridge this gap so as to properly comprehend and interpret expression data, we introduce Relevance Feedback to microarray analysis and propose an interactive learning framework to incorporate the expert knowledge into the decision module. In order to find a good learning method and solve two intrinsic problems in microarray data, high dimensionality and small sample size, we also propose a semisupervised learning algorithm: Kernel Discriminant-EM (KDEM). This algorithm efficiently utilizes a large set of unlabeled data to compensate for the insufficiency of a small set of labeled data and it extends the linear algorithm in Discriminant-EM (DEM) to a kernel algorithm to handle nonlinearly separable data in a lower dimensional space. The Relevance Feedback technique and KDEM together construct an efficient and effective interactive semisupervised learning framework for microarray analysis. Extensive experiments on the yeast cell cycle regulation data set and Plasmodium falciparum red blood cell cycle data set show the promise of this approach.
BRAIN FOOD 理系女性人材の離職を食い止めよ (2008)

We report a middle-aged man with a history of back pain and right-sided sciatica. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an atypical disk fragment with radiologic characteristics of a spinal tumor. Follow-up imaging shows resolution of the lesion. Clinical symptoms resolved simultaneously. Clinical and radiologic characteristics cannot distinguish atypical disk herniation from tumors. While no imaging method allows distinguishing between these 2 entities, resolution of a disk herniation is not uncommon. In the absence of muscle weakness, follow-up imaging rather than surgery is advised in order to clarify its true entity.
High mechanical strength thin film composite membranes (2013)

Increasing water demand has become an alarming global issue. The important of producing clean portable water with lesser energy consumption have gained a lot of attention globally. Lots of effort and research have been put into water treatment technologies and new technologies have emerged over the years. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is one of the most conventional and successful water technologies invented. However, it still consumes a considerable amount of energy in order to produce clean portable water. Recent year, it is discovered that with the use of Forward Osmosis (FO) and Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO) could greatly reduce the amount of energy consumption in the water treatment process. However, there is not much actual use of these two technologies due to three main challenges they faces. The three challenges are there is not yet a tailor custom made membrane for these two technologies, a suitable draw solution and lastly, fouling problems. This study would focus on one of the challenges which is to fabricate a membrane custom for FO and PRO. Most of the conventional water treatment membranes are meant for RO. Thin film composite (TFC) membrane is one of the good FO membranes which demonstrated with high performance. One of the limitations of the membranes it has is that the membranes do not possess high mechanical strength therefore it cannot uses for high pressure system. This study would focus in increasing the mechanical strength of the supportive layer of the TFC membrane. Silica which is believed that will increase the mechanical properties is added into TFC membrane in this study. Different types of silica are used and tested. The TFC membranes incorporated with silica do show an increase of mechanical strength which will be useful in the near future.