gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal properties of injection moulded polylactic acid 13 kenaf fibre biocomposite (2011)

Biocomposite made of polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with natural kenaf bast fibre (KF) using twin screw extruder and injection molding machine has been developed. The effect of kenaf fibre content on crystallization and melting behavior has been studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The amourphous state of PLA was remain unchanged with kenaf fibre content. Although there were increment in melting enthalpy ( �Hm) and cold-crystallization enthalpy ( �Hcc ), but it was not significant to cause kenaf fibre to act as nucleating agent for PLA. The effect of kenaf fibre content on the stiffness of the PLA-KF biocomposite at elevated temperature has been investigated by using dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The storage modulus (E') of the composites is higher as compared to unreinforced PLA, whereas the mechanical loss factor (tan δ) decreases with kenaf fibre content which can be associated to the compatibility of PLA matrix and kenaf fibre.
In Vitro Methods for the Percutaneous Absorption of Pesticides (1985)

The primary barrier to the entry of chemicals through skin is the upper layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. The passive diffusion through this nonliving tissue forms the rationale for using in vitro diffusion cell systems to measure skin absorption. This procedure has been validated in our laboratory and by others by comparison with in vivo results. Compounds that lack water solubility can present difficulties in the standard in vitro method using an aqueous receptor solution beneath the skin. This fluid must be modified so that it is sufficiently lipophilic to allow partitioning of the test compound from skin into the diffusion cell receptor. We have used a nonionic surfactant, oleth 20, to increase the absorption of this type of compound without apparent damage to the skin. The permeation (percent of applied dose) of the hydrophobic pesticide DDT through human skin was 1.1% with saline in the receptor and 4.5% using 6% oleth 20. These results with a model compound illustrate the need to consider the solubility properties of a compound in a percutaneous absorption study.
Chiral magnetic effect in a two-band lattice model of Weyl semimetal (2015)

Employing a two-band model of Weyl semimetal, the existence of the chiral magnetic effect (CME) is established within the linear-response theory. The crucial role played by the limiting procedure in deriving correct transport properties is clarified. Besides, in contrast to the prediction based on linearized effective models, the value of the CME coefficient in the uniform limit shows a nontrivial dependence on various model parameters. Even when these parameters are away from the region of the linearized models, such that the concept of chirality may not be appropriate, this effect still exists. This implies that the Berry curvature, rather than the chiral anomaly, provides a better understanding of this effect.
Conversion of Nickel Coated Carbon Nanotubes to Diamond under High Pressure and High Temperature (1998)

Nickel coated carbon nanotubes have been converted to diamonds with high conversion ratio at 8 GPa and 1600°C. Nickel coated on the surface of each and every carbon nanotube might act as catalyst and play the key role for high conversion ratio of carbon nanotubes to diamond. Pure carbon nanotubes can only be converted to high oriented graphite under same high pressure and high temperature condition.
Genetically Engineered In Vitro Erythropoiesis (2016)

Genetic modification can increase erythroblast expansion capacity and potentially enable mass production of red blood cells.
Interconnect devices for field programmable gate array (1992)

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) use interconnect devices to link logic blocks ranging from single transistors to macrocells. Interconnect devices in use today include MOSFET (SRAM), floating gate memory devices, dielectric and amorphous silicon antifuses. Comparative characteristics of the interconnect devices are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of CNS antibody-secreting cells, the blood-brain barrier, and autoantibody in the Theiler’s model of MS (137.7) (2009)

Abstract The determination of the pathogenic role of autoantibody (AuAb) is a challenge in any autoimmune disease, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). This project used Theiler’s virus-induced disease to characterize the AuAbs produced in the central nervous system (CNS) by antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). Mice infected with Theiler’s murine encephalitis virus (TMEV) develop an immune-mediated demyelinating disease (TIDD), characterized by progressive weakness, CNS inflammation and demyelination, which represents an excellent model of MS. Flow Cytometry (FACS), ELISpot, and real-time RT-PCR, were used to characterize ASCs and their antibody production in the CNS, and ELISA and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to identify autoantibodies and their deposition. We found that ASCs in the CNS were CD138 positive, readily visualized as IgG+ by IHC, and commonly found in clusters of cells in the CNS. AuAbs to CNS antigens were present in the sera, and antibody was deposited in the spinal cord of TIDD mice. The blood-brain barrier, measured by CSF albumin index and Evans Blue injection, was intact. This study analyzes CNS ASCs and autoantibodies with specificity toward CNS antigens in TIDD, and raises the possibility that AuAb may significantly contribute to disability in this model. This work was supported by the New Jersey Commission on Spinal Cord Research.
Development of a BCI Simulated Application System Based on Unity3D (2015)

This paper develops a BCI simulated application system based on Unity3D, called going to the cinema. Firstly, a 3D car model and some scene models built in 3ds Max are imported into Unity3D. Then, in Unity3D, the virtual reality scene layout is designed with its own and imported models. The audio effects and collision detection are added to enhance realistic immersion. After that, the behaviors of the 3D car are defined. The communication and timer functions are configured. Finally, the system can receive the commands through the TCP/IP protocol to control the 3D car movement to go to the destination-cinema. The simulation results show that the system is feasible and has good performance. The designed system can be used as not only a simulated application system, but also a feedback training system providing effective feedback of vision and hearing, which can lay a foundation for BCI application and feedback.
Being a Character-Psychoanalysis and Self Experience. By Christopher Bollas. London: Routledge. 1993. 294 pp. £14.99 (pb). (1994)

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Panorama interpolation for image-based navigation (2008)

This thesis presents methods for novel image synthesis from cubic panoramas taken with multi-sensor cameras. The pre-captured cubic panoramas are used to interpolate arbitrary views to allow a virtual walkthrough of the remote real environment. In our approach, the "transfer" and "triangulation" methods are adopted to analyse the geometry of cubic panoramas and recover an accurate essential matrix between cubes. To generate a novel view between two aligned cubes, a warping model is applied to warp cubes to approximate navigation. This technique, called cube warping, works by simplifying the model of pixel displacements between cubes. A new raytracing-like image-based interpolation method is also proposed for free-viewpoint cube synthesis. Instead of attempting to recover dense reconstruction precisely, our method tries to reconstruct colours with colour invariance constraints. Due to the fact that photo consistency has more to do with colour than shape, our algorithm can generate a complete novel scene view with maximized photo consistency.
The spread oi Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in mixtures of barley varieties (1984)

A model is proposed of mechanisms which might affect the progress of Erysiphe graminis f. sp. hordei in mixtures of barley varieties. Results obtained from two field trials indicate that the efffect of mixtures may be panitioned into three categoriesof the influence of the reduced density of the susceptible plants, the barrier effect of the resistant plants, and the induced resistance due to the non‐virulent pathogen biotypes. In the early stages of plant growth the lower density of susceptible plants accounted for most of the reduction in pathogen development in mixtures. As the epidemic progressed, the barrier and induced resistance effects increased in importance and the total mixture effect was at a maximum mid‐way through epidemic development. Towards the end of the trials the overall mixture effect declined though the influence of induced resistance was at its maximum. The reasons for these changes and their implications for the use of host varietal mixtures in disease control are discussed. Mixtures also protected the crop against a pathogen other than the target organism.
On-Line Monitoring of Chlorosilane Streams by Raman Spectroscopy (1998)

On-line Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor the composition of methylchlorosilane streams from distillation columns. A spectrometer was assembled that used 532 nm laser light and a fiberoptic probe that could be inserted into corrosive liquid streams. The spectral regions below 800 cm −1 and near 2250 cm −1 contained strong, distinctive bands that were used to identify and quantitate the species of interest. On-line spectra were recorded at 5 min sampling intervals. Several instances were found where large changes in the composition of the columns were observed. Detection limits of 1000 ppm were generally achievable, and, in favorable circumstances, compositional changes of 100 ppm could be detected. Raman spectroscopy gave much better time resolution than current gas chromatography (GC) monitoring and is also projected to have lower capital and maintenance costs.
Human embryonic stem cells (2012)

A pluripotent stem cell is an undifferentiated cell, which has the potential to develop into virtually any cell type in the body. Pluripotent stem cells are transiently present during embryogenesis, in preimplantation embryos and fetal gonads. They can also be maintained as established cell lines, derived from preimplantation embryos, primordial germ cells, or germ cell tumors.
The Immunological Basis for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

During the last few years, the concept of multiple sclerosis (MS) as a pure inflammatory disease mediated by myelin reactive T cells has been challenged. Neither the specificity nor the mechanisms triggering or perpetuating the immune response are understood. Genetic studies have so far not identified therapeutic targets outside the HLA complex, but epidemiological and immunological studies have suggested putative pathogenetic factors which may be important in therapy or prevention, including the Epstein-Barr virus and vitamin D. Advances in the treatment of MS have been reached by manipulating the immune response where the pathogenesis of MS intersects experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, most recently by blocking T-cell migration through the blood-brain barrier. Antigen-specific approaches are effective in experimental models driven by a focused immune response against defined autoantigens, but MS may not fit into this concept. Novel candidate autoantigens which are not constitutively expressed in the brain, such as protein alpha-B crystallin or IgG V-region idiotopes, as well as evidence of pathogenetic heterogeneity and complexity, suggest that treating MS by tolerizing the immune system against an universal MS antigen may be a fata morgana. Further characterization of MS subtypes may lead to individualized treatment. However, shared immunological features, such as intrathecal production of oligoclonal IgG, suggest that potential therapeutic targets may be shared by most MS patients.
A lookup service in an interconnected world of uniquely identified objects (2008)

Automatic identification (auto-ID) procedures exist to provide information about people, animals, goods and products in transit. The RFID technology is one of the newest and mostly emerging implementations of the auto-ID concept. Most of the current applications of the RFID technology pair the unique ID (UID) stored in RFID tags attached to an item with information about it, which is located in information systems. When the item gets transferred or modified, new information might need to be paired with its UID as well. The EPCglobal has defined standards that facilitate the collection, storage, update, location and sharing of the information related to the UID. In this paper, we explain the disadvantages of the EPC glocal approach and discuss an infrastructure with an associated service built on top, which is intended to organize the information associated with any object, and guide the process of discovering and retrieving specific information for specific items, tagged with a unique id, in an efficient and scalable way. Then we will describe the overall architecture and the proposed service, called service lookup service (SLS) and we will provide a proposed protocol for implementing the aforementioned service.
High pressure field oxidation for advanced poly-buffered locos isolation process (2005)

This paper presents the results of high Pressure Oxidation applied to the Poly-Buffered LOCOS isolation process for 1.0/spl mu/m pitch design rules. This research demonstrates that high pressure field oxidation can reduce bird's beak encroachment at temperatures about 1000/spl deg/C relative to atmospheric field oxidation, and it can also appreciably improve the field oxide thinning in sub-half-micron spaces as low as 0.35/spl mu/m at temperatures above 1000/spl deg/C.
Analysis of non-methane hydrocarbons in air samples collected aboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft (2010)

Abstract. The CARIBIC project (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrument Container) is a long-term monitoring program making regular atmospheric measurements from an instrument container installed monthly aboard a passenger aircraft. Typical cruising altitudes of the aircraft allow for the study of the free troposphere and the extra-tropical upper troposphere as well as the lowermost stratosphere. CARIBIC measurements include a number of real time analyses as well as the collection of aerosol and whole air samples. These whole air samples are analyzed post-flight for a suite of trace gases, which includes non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC). The NMHC measurement system and its analytical performance are described here. Precision was found to vary slightly by compound, and is less than 2% for the C2–C6 alkanes and ethyne, and between 1% and 6% for C7–C8 alkanes and aromatic compounds. Preliminary results from participation in a Global Atmospheric Watch (WMO) VOC audit indicate accuracies within the precision of the system. Limits of detection are 1 pptv for most compounds, and up to 3 pptv for some aromatics. These are sufficiently low to measure mixing ratios typically observed in the upper troposphere and lowermost stratosphere for the longer-lived NMHC, however, in air samples from these regions many of the compounds with shorter lifetimes (<5 days) were frequently below the detection limit. Observed NMHC concentrations span several orders of magnitude, dependent on atmospheric region and air mass history, with concentrations typically decreasing with shorter chemical lifetimes.
Influence of The Monomers Type on the Morphology of Polyamide Microcapsules (2004)

Various polyamide microcapsules were prepared via an inverse emulsion system (water in oil) by interfacial polycondensation of terephthaloyl dichloride with the aliphatic diamines ethylene diamine (EDA) and 1,6-hexane diamine (HMDA), and the aromatic diamine 1,4-phenylene diamine (PDA). Three types of polyamide microcapsules were thus obtained and labeled: CAPS EDA, CAPS HMDA, and CAPS PDA, respectively. The influence that the various substitutions had on particle size distribution, membrane microstructure, porosity and specific surface area and water content of the polyamide microcapsule was investigated. The roughness, porosity and porous volume of the polyamide membrane increased in the order: CAPS EDA < CAPS HMDA < CAPS PDA. Sodium chloride permeation experiments were performed to obtain an insight into the impact of structural changes on the permeability of the microcapsules to ionic species. The NaCl diffusion and permeability coefficients through the microcapsules were found to be in the order of 10(-8) cm2/s and 10(-5) cm/s, respectively.
Interface Barrier Energy Determination from Voltage Dependence of Photoinjected Currents (1970)

Interface barrier energies and their dependence on applied field may be obtained from the voltage dependence of currents produced by electron photoinjection from an electrode. Unlike the conventional Fowler plot method, direct measurement is possible and knowledge of the absorbed light intensity is not required. A theoretical analysis gives the dependence of photocurrent on voltage and photon energy, and it is shown that barrier heights are obtainable by examination of the V-I characteristics to determine the sign of the second derivative. Theoretical forms of the V-I characteristics are derived for specific electron energy distributions which should be generally applicable. Experimental results from MIS structures using thermally grown SiO2 on degenerate n-type silicon are found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Thresholds for emission from the conduction band (3.2 eV) and from the valence band (4.16 eV) are clearly defined in the V-I characteristics. The fact that the difference between these values is significantly less than the Si bandgap is explained by phonon scattering effects in Si and it is concluded that the actual separation between the Si and SiO2 conduction bands is about 3.0 eV. The barrier energy for Au on SiO2 was found to be 4.1 eV, and a value of 2.2 was determined for the SiO2 image force dielectric constant.
Cross‐Modal Selective Attention Effects on Retinal, Myogenic, Brainstem, and Cerebral Evoked Potentials (1990)

ABSTRACT Short latency evoked potentials were recorded during a cross‐modal selective attention task to evaluate recent proposals that sensory transmission in the peripheral auditory and visual pathways can be modified selectively by centrifugal mechanisms in humans. Twenty young adult subjects attended in turn to either left‐ear tones or right‐field flashes presented in a randomized sequence, in order to detect infrequent, lower‐intensity targets. Attention‐related enhancement of longer‐latency components, including the visual P105 and the auditory N1/Nd waves and T‐complex, showed that subjects were able to adopt a selective sensory set toward either modality. Neither the auditory evoked brainstem potentials nor the early visual components (electroretinogram, occipito‐temporal N40, P50, N70 waves) were significantly affected by attention. Measures of retinal B‐waves were significantly reduced in amplitude when attention was directed to the flashes, but concurrent recordings of eyelid electromyographic activity and the electro‐oculogram indicated that this effect may have resulted from contamination of the retinal recordings by blink microreflex activity. A trend toward greater positivity in the 15–50 ms latency range for auditory evoked potentials to attended tones was observed. These results provide further evidence that the earliest levels of sensory transmission are unaffected by cross‐modal selective attention, but that longer latency exogenous and endogenous potentials are enhanced to stimuli in the attended modality.
A Novel Flywheel Energy Storage System With Partially-Self-Bearing Flywheel-Rotor (2007)

A compact and efficient flywheel energy storage system is proposed in this paper. The system is assisted by integrated mechanical and magnetic bearings, the flywheel acts as the rotor of the drive system and is sandwiched between two disk type stators to save space. The combined use of active magnetic bearings, mechanical bearings and axial flux permanent magnet (PM) synchronous machine assists the rotor-flywheel to spin and remain in magnetic levitation in the vertical orientation, while constrains the other four degrees of freedom in radial directions mechanically. The mathematical model of the proposed system has been derived. Three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) is applied for studying the performances and verifying the mathematical model of the system. The analysis results support the feasibility of the system.
Investigation of a Speed Exclusion Zone to Prevent Tower Resonance in Variable-Speed Wind Turbines (2013)

A speed exclusion zone algorithm to prevent the rotor rotational frequency from exciting the side-side tower mode in a variable-speed wind turbine was designed. The algorithm was first tested on a simple wind turbine model developed in Simulink and then implemented and tested on an experimental test rig. Different speed exclusion zone widths were tested to observe how the performance of the wind turbine is affected. Results obtained from both simulations and experiments showed the effectiveness of the speed exclusion zone algorithm in preventing excitation of tower resonance. Results from different speed exclusion zone widths showed that with a wider exclusion zone, the tower mode is excited less at the expense of a larger power loss.
Cost-effectiveness Analysis of a Rotavirus Immunization Program for the United States (1998)

A US rotavirus immunization program would be cost-effective from the perspectives of society and the health care system, although the cost of the immunization program would not be fully offset by the reduction in health care cost of rotavirus diarrhea unless the price fell to $9 per dose.