gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A General Framework for Optimum Iterative Blockwise Equalization of Single Carrier MIMO Systems and Asymptotic Performance Analysis (2013)

The paper proposes a general framework for both time-domain (TD) and frequency-domain (FD) iterative blockwise equalization in single carrier (SC) wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. First, a novel turbo blockwise operating equalizer structure is proposed by jointly optimizing the feed-forward and feedback filters at each iteration based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion. Optimization of the filter coefficients, utilized for feed-forward equalization and decision feedback, is performed in both time and frequency domains, and the equivalence between them is established by unifying the iterative block equalization with the feed-forward and feedback filters in various domains. The corresponding filters are obtained analytically in a closed form as a solution of the constrained Wiener-Hopf equation with the use of average reliability information. Second, asymptotic performance and diversity analysis of the proposed single carrier frequency domain equalizer (SC-FDE) is carried out that leads to insights on the structures of the filters in the high SNR regime. Furthermore, we elaborate on the rate and diversity tradeoff of the space-time coded SC-FDE based on the proposed equalizer structure and the space-frequency coded OFDM systems. Performance comparison between the proposed SC-FDE scheme and OFDM is made. The proposed SC-FDE scheme performs very close to the genie-aided performance bounds and better than OFDM based transmission.
Deep Recurrent Neural Networks with Layer-wise Multi-head Attentions for Punctuation Restoration (2019)

Punctuation restoration is a post-processing task of automatic speech recognition to generate the punctuation marks on un-punctuated transcripts. This paper proposes a deep recurrent neural network architecture with layer-wise multi-head attentions towards better modelling of the contexts from a variety of perspectives in putting punctuations by human writers. The experimental results show that our proposed model significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in punctuation restoration performances on IWSLT dataset.
A Possible Role for Abscisic Acid in Coupling Stomatal Conductance and Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Leaves (1982)

Data on pH in free space, cytoplasm, chloroplasts and vacuoles in leaf tissue are used to calculate the distribution of abscisic acid (ABA) amongst these compartments, assuming that the intervening membranes are permeable to undissociated ABA only. Data on the permeability of membranes to ABA are used to calculate the time constant for equilibration between the free space and the other components. It is concluded that changes in pH in the chloroplast stroma due to irradiance, or other factors, will change the amount of ABA available to the guard cells via the free space, and that the time constant is similar to that for light-induced stomatal movement. The possibility that such changes play a role in modulating stomatal aperture is discussed.
Computer assistance in clinical functional analysis. (2002)

The use of computers in the dental practice has been primarily restricted to the acquisition of billing data. Additional possibilities for use of PCs exist in diagnostic data acquisition and evaluation; clinical functional analysis seems a particularly suitable application. Such software is now available: CMDfact. Dentally, it is based on a previously developed and published examination and documentation system, the graphic user interface of which is used in the newly developed software. After the examination data have been acquired by mouse click or numerical entry, these are available for evaluation. A special function, the "Diagnosis pilot" is integrated to support the user. This helps in the assignment of the appropriate "Initial diagnoses", since it brings together the individually existing principal symptoms and suitable diagnoses for the initial diagnosis in question and also states which diagnoses "would be appropriate" for this, but are not available. With 3D animation, the software also helps the dentist to explain aspects of CMD to patients. The software also assists the dentist with a detailed multimedia help system, which provides context-sensitive help for every examination step. These help functions explain the sense of the relevant examinations, their performance and evaluation in the form of short texts and explanatory photographs and videos.
CRITICAL QUESTIONS FOR BIG DATA (2012)

The era of Big Data has begun. Computer scientists, physicists, economists, mathematicians, political scientists, bio-informaticists, sociologists, and other scholars are clamoring for access to the massive quantities of information produced by and about people, things, and their interactions. Diverse groups argue about the potential benefits and costs of analyzing genetic sequences, social media interactions, health records, phone logs, government records, and other digital traces left by people. Significant questions emerge. Will large-scale search data help us create better tools, services, and public goods? Or will it usher in a new wave of privacy incursions and invasive marketing? Will data analytics help us understand online communities and political movements? Or will it be used to track protesters and suppress speech? Will it transform how we study human communication and culture, or narrow the palette of research options and alter what ‘research’ means? Given the rise of Big Data as a socio-technical phenomenon, we argue that it is necessary to critically interrogate its assumptions and biases. In this article, we offer six provocations to spark conversations about the issues of Big Data: a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon that rests on the interplay of technology, analysis, and mythology that provokes extensive utopian and dystopian rhetoric.
Comparison of Residential Energy Consumption in China, Japan, Canada and USA (2003)

There have been very few researches on the energy consumption of residences in China because it is difficult to collect the data of energy consumption for district heating. In this study, the energy for district heating was estimated based on the heating load, and the annual unit energy consumption (UEC) for the residences in the main cities of China was calculated. The relationship between the UEC and heating degree-days was examined for China, Japan, Canada and the United States.
주식의 변동성 추정방법이 VaR에 미치는 영향 (2004)

이 논문에서는 1990 1월부터 2004년 2월까지 총 3,894일의 KOSPI 200 일별종가 자료를 사용하여 변동성과 VaR를 계산하고 변동성 추정방법에 따라 VaR의 적절성이 어떻게 달라지를 검증하였다. 주식포트폴리오의 변동성은 역사적 표준편차, 지수가중 이동평균 및 GARCHI(1,1)에 의해 추정하였다. \n이 세 가지 변동성 추정치에 기초하여 VaR와 일간수익률의 자기상관성을 고려한 VaR를 계한하였다. 추가적으로 과거 300일 동안의 10일 수익률 자료의 1퍼센타일 및 5퍼센타일을 사용하여 VaR를 계산하였다. \n이렇게 계산된 7가지의 VaR가 시장위험을 적절하게 나타내주는지를 검증하기 위해 우도비율 검증을 행하였다. 과다손실 발생빈도에 대한 우도비율 검증결과에 의하면, 자기상관성을 고려할 경우의 VaR는 변동성 추정방법에 관계없이 시장위험을 과대추정한 것으로 나타났다. 또 VAR의 유의수준이 1%일 때에는, 모든 시기에서 역사적 표준편차를 이용한 VaR가 시장위험을 가장 잘 나타내 주었다. 그러나 VaR의 유의수준이 5%일 때에는 외환위기 이후 시기에만 지수가중 표준편차에 의한 VaR 측정치와 역사적 5퍼센타일에 기초한 VaR 측정치가 적절한 측정치로 나타났다. \n과다손실 발생의 독립성에 대한 우도비율 검증결과는 모든 VaR 측정치에서 독립성의 귀무가설이 기각되었다. 이것은 과다손실이 시간적으로 밀집되어 발생되기 때문인 것으로 보인다.
Clock Skew Based Client Device Identification in Cloud Environments (2012)

Along with the growth of cloud computing and mobile devices, the importance of client device identity concern over cloud environment is emerging. To provide a lightweight yet reliable method for device identification, an application layer approach based on clock skew fingerprint is proposed. The developed experimental platform adapts AJAX technology to collect the timestamps of client devices in the cloud server during connection time, then calculate the clock skews of client devices. Few methods based on linear regression and piecewise minimum algorithm are developed to optimize the precision and shorten timestamp collection process. A jump point detection scheme is also proposed to resolve the offset drifting problem, which is usually caused by switching network or temporary disconnection. Finally, two experiments are conducted to study the effectiveness of clock skew fingerprint, and the results illustrate that the false positive rate and the false negative rate, in the worst case, are both no more than 8% when the tolerance threshold is set appropriately.
Snthesis and herbicidal activity of 1,1-dimethyl- and 2-methyl-4-phenylsemicarbazides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSnthesis and herbicidal activity of 1,1-dimethyl- and 2-methyl-4-phenylsemicarbazidesMerrill WilcoxCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 1, 171–172Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00307a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00307a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subglacial tunnel valleys in the Alpine foreland: an example from Bern, Switzerland (2010)

The morphology of the Alpine and adjacent landscapes is directly related to glacial erosion and associated sediment transport. Here we report the effects of glacio-hydrologic erosion on bedrock topography in the Swiss Plateau. Specifically, we identify the presence of subsurface valleys beneath the city of Bern and discuss their genesis. Stratigraphic investigations of more than 4,000 borehole data within a 430 km2-large area reveal the presence of a network of >200 m-deep and 1,000 m-wide valleys. They are flat floored with steep sided walls and are filled by Quaternary glacial deposits. The central valley beneath Bern is straight and oriented towards the NNW, with valley flanks more than 20° steep. The valley bottom has an irregular undulating profile along the thalweg, with differences between sills and hollows higher than 50–100 m over a reach of 4 km length. Approximately 500 m high bedrock highlands flank the valley network. The highlands are dissected by up to 80 m-deep and 500 m-broad hanging valleys that currently drain away from the axis of the main valley. We interpret the valleys beneath the city of Bern to be a tunnel valley network which originated from subglacial erosion by melt water. The highland valleys served as proglacial meltwater paths and are hanging with respect to the trunk system, indicating that these incipient highland systems as well as the main gorge beneath Bern formed by glacial melt water under pressure.
Pharmacological approach to acute pancreatitis (2008)

The aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding pharmacological prevention and treatment of acute pancreatitis (AP) based on experimental animal models and clinical trials. Somatostatin (SS) and octreotide inhibit the exocrine production of pancreatic enzymes and may be useful as prophylaxis against post endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP). The protease inhibitor gabexate mesilate (GM) is used routinely as treatment to AP in some countries, but randomized clinical trials and a meta-analysis do not support this practice. Nitroglycerin (NGL) is a nitrogen oxide (NO) donor, which relaxes the sphincter of Oddi. Studies show conflicting results when applied prior to ERCP and a large multicenter randomized study is warranted. Steroids administered as prophylaxis against PEP has been validated without effect in several randomized trials. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) indomethacin and diclofenac have in randomized studies showed potential as prophylaxis against PEP. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties but two trials testing IL-10 as prophylaxis to PEP have returned conflicting results. Antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have a potential as rescue therapy but no clinical trials are currently being conducted. The antibiotics beta-lactams and quinolones reduce mortality when necrosis is present in pancreas and may also reduce incidence of infected necrosis. Evidence based pharmacological treatment of AP is limited and studies on the effect of potent anti-inflammatory drugs are warranted.
Combustion Knock Sensing: Sensor Selection and Application Issues (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Knowledge learned through the successful application of millions of knock sensors on automotive engines is reported. An explanation of the basic characteristics of the knock phenomena and their relationship to sensing capabilities is given. Popular conceptions and misconceptions concerned with engine knock and the variables affecting it are examined. Sensing methods are described, with the emphasis being on vibration sensitive devices. Application methodologies and issues are discussed, with a review of potential pitfalls in sensor selection, sensor location, and systemization.</div>
Denitrosation of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea by class mu glutathione transferases and its role in cellular resistance in rat brain tumor cells. (1989)

1,3-Bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) is known to be detoxified by a denitrosation reaction catalyzed by glutathione-dependent enzymes in rat liver cytosol (R. E. Talcott and V. A. Levin, Drug Metab. Dispos., 11:175-176, 1983). Using a modification of their procedure, we have measured the ability of different purified rat glutathione transferase isoenzymes to denitrosate BCNU. The catalytic efficiencies of the isoenzymes for the denitrosation reaction expressed as the ratio of Vmax to Km were as follows (isoenzyme, Vmax/Km): 1-2, 2.3; 3-3, 12.2; 3-4, 29.2; and 4-4, 26.1. Thus, the class mu isoenzymes containing subunit 4 are by far the best catalysts of the BCNU denitrosation reaction. The class pi transferase 7-7 and class alpha transferases 1-1 and 1-2 demonstrated very weak catalytic activity with BCNU. Determination of the glutathione transferase isoenzyme profiles of 9L rat brain tumor cells and the BCNU-resistant 9L-2 subline by immunoblotting revealed that although the resistant 9L-2 cells contain lower total glutathione transferase activity than 9L cells, they have elevated levels of the class mu transferases. Also, the class pi transferases were found to be down-regulated in 9L-2 as compared with 9L cells. Thus, the increased resistance of 9L-2 cells to BCNU may, in part, be explained by up-regulation of class mu transferase expression with consequent increased capacity for BCNU detoxication. Further support for this hypothesis comes from the fact that pretreatment of 9L-2 cells with the glutathione transferase inhibitors ethacrynic acid or triphenyltin chloride enhanced the cytotoxic effects of BCNU. These results suggest that the class mu transferases play a role in the resistance of brain tumor cells to BCNU.
Inference of global spatiochromatic mechanisms from contrast sensitivity functions (1988)

A single spatiochromatic signal can describe both chromatic and luminance cosine gratings by varying the spatial phase of that signal. This signal representation permits chromatic and luminance spatial contrast sensitivity functions to be described as linear combinations of two global spatiochromatic mechanisms. If the spatiochromatic mechanisms are assumed to have Gaussian spatial profiles, we obtain one mechanism with broad spatial frequency tuning and one with narrow tuning. We find that the relative spatial shapes and extents of these mechanisms are in agreement with the center-surround organization of receptive fields of single retinal and geniculate cells. Furthermore, the chromatic responses of the derived mechanisms are in accord with the color-opponent nature of spatially antagonistic receptive fields.
Evidence for distinct mechanisms of uptake and antitumor activity of secretory phospholipase A2 responsive liposome in prostate cancer (2012)

Secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) cleave phospholipids at sn-2 ester bonds, releasing lysophospholipids and fatty acids, and are over expressed in several pathologies, including inflammation, arthritis, sepsis and breast and prostate cancers. Herein we evaluated the therapeutic activity of liposomes engineered to be responsive to different sPLA(2) isoforms compared to clinically used long-circulating (pegylated) sterically stabilized liposomes (SSL) in vitro and in vivo, and assessed differences in roles of sPLA(2) in the mechanism of uptake and delivery of these nanoparticles. Exposing sPLA(2) responsive liposomes (SPRL) to sPLA(2) increased the release of intraluminal entrapped contents in a time-dependent manner that was inhibited by the sPLA(2) inhibitor LY3117273. Treatment of prostate cancer cells with doxorubicin encapsulated in SSL and SPRL resulted in cytotoxicity in LNCaP, DU-145 and PC-3 cells lines comparable to free drug. Interestingly, cytotoxicity was not altered by sPLA(2) inhibition. Tracking of drug and liposome delivery using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, we demonstrated that drug uptake was liposome-dependent, as encapsulation of doxorubicin in SPRL resulted in 1.5 to 2-fold greater intracellular drug levels compared to SSL. Liposome uptake was cell-dependent and did not correlate to doxorubicin uptake; however, doxorubicin uptake was generally greatest in PC-3 cells, followed by DU-145 cells and then LNCaP cells. In almost all cases, uptake of one of our formulations, SPRL-E, was greater than SSL. The therapeutic activity of SPRL in vivo was demonstrated using a mouse xenograft model of human prostate cancer, which showed that doxorubicin entrapped within SPRL decreased tumor growth compared to SSL, suggesting that SPRL are more effective at slowing tumor growth than a SSL formulation similar to the FDA approved DOXIL™. Collectively, these data show the therapeutic activity of SPRL compared to SSL, yield insights into the mechanisms of action of these nanoparticles and suggest that SPRL could be useful for treatment of other pathologies that over express sPLA(2).
米格尔·德·塞万提斯：疯狂世界里的理想主义骑士 (2016)

堂吉诃德一相信这个疯癫的骑士游侠之名你必定耳熟能详.年少的你可能因书中的荒诞滑稽捧腹不已;稍微年长之时,你开始窥见理想与现实的差距,可能才会读懂书中的无奈与世情.在一次诺贝尔文学院和瑞典图书俱乐部举行的调查中,《堂吉诃德》一书被54个国家和地区的一百名作家推选为“人类史上最优秀的经典文学名著”,它的作者塞万提斯更被誉为西班牙文学世界里最伟大的作家.大抵时代着意如此,塞万提斯的一生不可谓不坎坷.因为虔诚的信仰,作家毫不犹豫地踏上战场.战争除了使作家失去左臂,还授予他英雄的勋章.但这荣耀并未给作家带来丝毫好运,他先后经历了几次监禁.历经坎坷,这人间百味,作家亦已深深体会,因而才有了这传世之作.塞万提斯于1616年4月23日与世长辞.在作家逝世400周年之际,让我们一起来回溯这位文学巨匠的曲折生平.
Central autonomic dysfunction with defective lacrimation; report of five cases. (1949)

Five cases have been reported with symptoms and findings so similar as to constitute a clinical entity. The common features in this group are: 1. a deficiency of lacrimation; 2. an abnormal reaction to mild anxiety characterized by transient extreme elevation of blood pressure, excessive sweating, salivation to the point of drooling, and the development of sharply demarcated erythematous blotches on the skin, biliterally symmetric, and tending to recur in the same or similar configurations. The findings seem best interpreted as a central, possibly congenital, disturbance of autonomic function. An origin in the diencephalon has been suggested. The most difficult feature to interpret from a neurophysiologic point of view is diminished rather than excessive lacrimation.
Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry and Antimicrobial Activity of Zinc(II) complexes of some hydrazone schiff bases (2006)

A series of hydrazone Schiff bases and their zinc(II) complexes have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated for antimicrobial activity. The new zinc(II) complexes have been prepared in ethanol media by a template condensation of hydrazides, with either ketone or aldehyde and zinc(II) acetate in the presence of triethylamine. The IR, 1H and 13C NMR data indicate that the hydrazone ligands are coordinated to zinc metal. The cyclic voltammetry of these zinc complexes exhibited irreversible oxidation peaks. The electro-oxidation of Zn 2(Clhaptch) 2(py) 2 displayed a diffusion-controlled one electron transfer reaction process. The antimicrobial activity of the ligands and complexes were evaluated by plate diffusion method against some gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria and two fungi. There was growth inhibition exhibited by ligands and zinc(II) complexes against tested bacteria and fungi.
Detox Strategy for NOx and VOCs (2004)

Tropospheric ozone is a ubiquitous pollutant that is harmful to human health, crops, and ecosystems. The two main precursors of surface ozone are nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but uncertainty about their precise roles in ozone production—mainly due to the lack of observational information—has prevented the development of more effective air pollution control strategies. Martin et al. report a technique with the potential to lessen this uncertainty, a space-based remote sensing method for measuring the ratio of tropo- spheric formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide. This ratio is a good indicator of the relative sensitivity of surface ozone formation to emissions of NOx versus VOCs. They find that most of the Northern Hemisphere is more sensitive to NOx than to VOCs, with the exception of Los Angeles and the industrial areas of Germany. These results suggest that satellite remote sensing can contribute to air pollution management by revealing the spatial and temporal sensitivity of surface ozone production to reductions of NOx and VOC emissions. — HJS
A Primer on Regression Artifacts (1999)

Graphical Introduction. Mathematics and Special Cases. Regression Artifacts Due to Extreme Group Selection. Regression Artifacts Due to Matching. Regression Artifacts Due to Statistical Equating. Regression Artifacts in Change Scores. Regression Artifacts in Time-Series Studies. Regression Artifacts in Longitudinal Studies. Cross-Lagged Panel Correlation Analysis. Conclusion. Glossary of Terms. Glossary of Symbols. Appendix A: Dice-Rolling Program and Data Sets Used as Illustrations. Appendix B: The Computation of Autocorrelation.
Generating depth of-field effects in virtual reality applications (1996)

Computer-generated images without depth-of-field effects always look surreal. A new technique and algorithm are presented which solve the problem of simulating these effects in VR and other real-time applications. The adaptive convolution approach can generate depth-of-field effects in real time using commercially available hardware filters. The picture-processing algorithm proposed can be easily implemented in a visualization pipeline. The final effect can be obtained by iterative filtering with a single hardware convolution filter or with identical 3/spl times/3 filters placed as pipeline stages. The speed of this approach makes it suitable for generating images in real-time applications, particularly virtual reality systems. As a postprocessing technique, it also has the advantage of being easily implemented as a final stage of the visualization pipeline in an existing rendering system.