gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocyte Anergy Is Present in Patients With Severe Acute Pancreatitis and Is Significantly Alleviated by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-stimulating Factor and Interferon-?? In Vitro (2005)

Objectives: Severe acute pancreatitis (AP) is frequently associated with immune suppression, which increases the risk of infections, organ failure, and death. Our aims were to measure monocyte function (ie, HLA-DR expression and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] production as markers of immune suppression) in patients with severe AP and to determine whether treatment of blood samples with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and/or interferon-γ (IFN-γ) corrected the functional defects of monocytes in vitro. Methods: The study consisted of 28 patients with severe AP who were treated at intensive care unit and in whom the proportion of HLA-DR-positive monocytes in the circulation was less than 70%, and 28 matched control subjects who were selected from healthy laboratory personnel. HLA-DR density was determined by whole blood flow cytometry. Monocyte TNF-α production in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) was studied in a whole blood assay. Aliquots of blood were supplemented with IFN-γ (all 28 patients), GM-CSF (the last 24 patients), or both (the last 12 patients). Results: The median proportion of HLA-DR-positive monocytes was 45% in patients (range, 18%-73%) and was 98% in controls (range, 86%-100%; P < 0.001). TNF-α levels in response to LPSs were lower in patients (545 pg/mL; range, 84-1990 pg/mL) than in controls (1415 pg/mL; range, 660-5490 pg/mL; P < 0.001). The proportion of HLA-DR-positive cells correlated positively with TNF-α levels (r = 0.56; P < 0.01). Both GM-CSF and IFN-γ increased HLA-DR expression of monocytes in patients (98%; range, 74%-100% for GM-CSF; 99%; range, 86%-100% for IFN-γ; both P < 0.001). The combination restored monocyte HLA-DR expression (99%; range, 96%-100%; P = 0.002). Compared with basal levels, GM-CSF increased TNF-α production of monocytes both in blood samples from patients (median, 1320 pg/mL; range, 35-8015 pg/mL) and controls (median, 3450 pg/mL; range, 1040-9835 pg/mL; both P < 0.001). IFN-γ increased TNF-α production by monocytes in patients (683 pg/mL; range, 186-2705 pg/mL; P < 0.05) but not in controls (1658 pg/mL; range, 765-4755 pg/mL; P = 0.31). With the combination of GM-CSF and IFN-γ, the TNF-α levels of monocytes in patients (3185 pg/mL; range, 545-8280 pg/mL) and in controls (2800 pg/mL; range, 1080-6860 pg/mL) were comparable. Conclusions: The proportion of HLA-DR-positive monocytes correlates with TNF-α production, and they both reflect the degree of immune suppression. The low proportion of HLA-DR-positive monocytes in AP can be reversed in vitro by GM-CSF and/or IFN-γ. The GM-CSF and IFN-γ treatments also increase LPS-induced TNF-α production. By the combination of GM-CSF and IFN-γ, but not by either agent alone, LPS-induced TNF-α production of monocytes was equally high in patients and in controls.
Characterization of Volatile Compounds in Selected Citrus Fruits from Asia—Part II: Peel Oil (2008)

Abstract The volatile compounds of the hand-pressed peel oil from the selected citrus fruits from Asia, namely Indonesian Pontianak oranges (Citrus nobilis Lour. var. microcarpa Hassk.), Indian Mosambi (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) and Philippine Dalandans (Citrus reticulata Blanco), were characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS. A total of 32 compounds were found in Pontianak orange, 29 in Mosambi and 37 compounds in Dalandan peel oils. Limonene dominated the composition of each of the oils and most of the compounds were present in the concentrations less than 0.1%. The absence of some important contributor compounds to mandarin family in Pontianak orange show that it is a mandarin that has unique characteristic flavor. The characteristic compound of sweet orange oil, δ-3-carene, was found in Mosambi peel oil. The presence of γ-terpinene in Dalandan was exceptionally high (4.3%) compared with other cultivars. Isopiperitenone was the tentatively-identified volatile compound not frequently reported in other citrus fruits found in Dalandan peel oil. It could be the important contributor to the characteristic aroma of Dalandan despite its trace amount.
Microchip laser sensor of electromagnetic field (2005)

We have developed the photonic sensor of electromagnetic field. The electrooptical phase modulator inserted in one laser cavity performs frequency modulation of the laser due to voltage induced in the antenna probe. The heterodyne detection allows to move the spectrum of modulated optical frequencies into the RF or microwave ranges. The issue of our solution is inserting of both lasers (signal and reference) in the common construction in order to minimize fluctuation of offset frequency. The pumping of the microchip lasers and transmission of the signal are guided via optical fibers. The setup can be all dielectric (apart of antenna). The sensitivity of laser tuning with an electrooptical modulator i.e. the value of frequency deviation due to driven voltage is linearly proportional to the free spectral range of the laser and inversely proportional to the "half-wavelength" voltage of an used modulator. In our case this sensitivity is about 10 MHz/V, with the free spectral range ν<sub><i>q</i></sub> congruent to 28 GHz. The sensitivity is quite high, even when the offset frequency fluctuation, caused mainly by thermal drift, are taken in account. Apart from the heterodyne technique of optical FM detection we have introduce here detection with the external Fabry-Perot cavity
Using whole genome sequencing to identify resistance determinants and predict antimicrobial resistance phenotypes for year 2015 invasive pneumococcal disease isolates recovered in the United States (2016)

Our whole genome sequence (WGS) pipeline was assessed for accurate prediction of antimicrobial phenotypes. For 2316 invasive pneumococcal isolates recovered during 2015 we compared WGS pipeline data to broth dilution testing (BDT) for 18 antimicrobials. For 11 antimicrobials categorical discrepancies were assigned when WGS-predicted MICs and BDT MICs predicted different categorizations for susceptibility, intermediate resistance or resistance, ranging from 0.9% (tetracycline) to 2.9% (amoxicillin). For β-lactam antibiotics, the occurrence of at least four-fold differences in MIC ranged from 0.2% (meropenem) to 1.0% (penicillin), although phenotypic retesting resolved 25%-78% of these discrepancies. Non-susceptibility to penicillin, predicted by penicillin-binding protein types, was 2.7% (non-meningitis criteria) and 23.8% (meningitis criteria). Other common resistance determinants included mef (475 isolates), ermB (191 isolates), ermB + mef (48 isolates), tetM (261 isolates) and cat (51 isolates). Additional accessory resistance genes (tetS, tet32, aphA-3, sat4) were rarely detected (one to three isolates). Rare core genome mutations conferring erythromycin-resistance included a two-codon rplD insertion (rplD69-KG-70) and the 23S rRNA A2061G substitution (six isolates). Intermediate cotrimoxazole-resistance was associated with one or two codon insertions within folP (238 isolates) or the folA I100L substitution (38 isolates), whereas full cotrimoxazole-resistance was attributed to alterations in both genes (172 isolates). The two levofloxacin-resistant isolates contained parC and/or gyrA mutations. Of 11 remaining isolates with moderately elevated MICs to both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, seven contained parC or gyrA mutations. The two rifampin-resistant isolates contained rpoB mutations. WGS-based antimicrobial phenotype prediction was an informative alternative to BDT for invasive pneumococci.
Retained Surgical Foreign Bodies: A Comprehensive Review of Risks and Preventive Strategies (2009)

Given the increasing complexity of both the modern health care environment and the overall patient population, reduction of medical errors is a high priority task for health policy makers and medical/surgical community alike. The problem of retained surgical foreign bodies (RSFB) has existed ever since the humans first performed surgical procedures. Retained surgical foreign bodies continue to be a significant problem with an incidence between 0.3 and 1.0 per 1,000 abdominal operations. Retained surgical foreign bodies have the potential to cause harm to the patient and carry profound professional and medico-legal consequences to surgical trainees, surgical practitioners, hospitals, and health systems. Currently, there are no known methods of entirely eliminating the occurrence of RSFB. In this manuscript, the authors discuss the available evidence with regards to risk factors associated with RSFB as well as methods of minimizing the incidence of RSFB. Modern technological advances designed to decrease the incidence of RSFB (radio-frequency tagging of surgical sponges) and improved perioperative patient processing (multiple 'checks and balances' and better provider-to-provider communication) are reviewed. The authors also explore the relationship between RSFB and surgical training with emphasis on education in early recognition, prevention, and focus on team-oriented training strategies.
Peripheral nerve regeneration: a current perspective. (2009)

Olfactory ensheathing cells can integrate and participate in neural repair in both spinal cord and peripheral nerve. They promote axonal sprouting and contribute to remyelination associated with appropriate axon nodal sodium channel clustering necessary for proper impulse conduction. These experimental observations suggest that adjunct cell transplantation with microsurgical repair should be considered as a possible tool in peripheral nerve repair.
PD-L1 Expression in Circulating Tumor Cells Increases during Radio(chemo)therapy and Indicates Poor Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (2019)

Preclinical studies demonstrated that radiation up-regulates PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, providing a rationale for combining PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with radiation. However this has not been validated in patients with non-small cell lung cancer due to the difficulty to obtain serial biopsies. Measuring PD-L1 expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs), may allow real-time monitoring of immune activation in tumor. In this study, whole blood from non-metastatic NSCLC patients was collected before, during, and after radiation or chemoradiation using a microfluidic chip. PD-L1 expression in CTCs was assessed by immunofluorescence and qPCR and monitored through the course of treatment. Overall, PD-L1(+) CTCs were detected in 25 out of 38 samples (69.4%) with an average of 4.5 cells/ml. After initiation of radiation therapy, the proportion of PD-L1(+) CTCs increased significantly (median 0.7% vs. 24.7%, P < 0.01), indicating up-regulation of PD-L1 in tumor cells in response to radiation. In addition, patients positive for PD-L1 (≥5% of CTCs positive for PD-L1) at baseline had shorter PFS. Gene expression analysis revealed that higher levels of PD-L1 were associated with poor prognosis. Therefore, CTCs can be used to monitor dynamic changes of PD-L1 during radiation therapy which is potentially prognostic of response to treatment.
A method of multichannel PID control of two‐degree‐of‐freedom wrist joint movements by functional electrical stimulation (2003)

Abstract In restoring motor functions of paralyzed extremities by functional electrical stimulation (FES), determination of stimulus intensities of many muscles in multichannel control is an ill‐posed problem because of redundancy in the input (stimulus intensity)‐output (joint angle) relationship of the musculoskeletal system. In this paper, we use a multi‐input and multi‐output PID controller and propose a parameter determination method for the controller, which can solve the ill‐posed problem in closed‐loop control. In the parameter determination process, the stimulus intensity‐joint angle characteristics of all muscles controlled were measured first. The elements of the matrix that transforms stimulus intensities into joint angles were determined by linear approximation of the measured characteristics. Then a generalized inverse matrix of the transformation matrix was calculated. The generalized inverse matrix and an expanded CHR method were used to determine the parameters of the PID controller. The PID controller was examined in tracking control on several trajectories of two‐degree‐of‐freedom movement of the wrist joint with neurologically intact subjects. Electrical stimulation was applied to four muscles relating to the wrist joint movements through surface electrodes. The tracking control was achieved generally with good performance under different conditions of the gravitational effect. The new method proposed in this paper was found to provide a solution of the ill‐posed problem. Multichannel closed‐loop FES control of the wrist joint could be realized with this method. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 34(5): 25–36, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.10298
Gene expression signatures in the newt irises during lens regeneration (2007)

Lens regeneration in adult newts is possible by transdifferentiation of the pigment epithelial cells (PECs) of the dorsal iris. The same cells in the ventral iris are not capable of such a process. To understand this difference in regenerative competency, we examined gene expression of 373 genes in the intact dorsal and ventral irises as well as in irises during the process of lens regeneration. We found similar signatures of gene expression in dorsal and ventral with several cases of even higher levels in the ventral iris. Such transcriptional activity in the regeneration-incompetent ventral iris was unexpected and calls for a revision of our views about mechanisms of lens regeneration induction.
Algebraic Representation of Thermodynamic Properties and the Classification of Solutions (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlgebraic Representation of Thermodynamic Properties and the Classification of SolutionsOtto Redlich and A. T. KisterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 2, 345–348Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50458a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50458a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5957Altmetric-Citations5126LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Transcriptional effects of inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor in keratinocytes (2013)

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation is important in human epithelial malignancies, including cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, lung, colon, pancreatic, and other cancers. Therapies targeting EGFR are currently used to treat such cancers, but one significant drawback to EGFR inhibitor therapies is the associated skin toxicity. This toxicity usually presents as papular or pustular folliculitis, dry skin with pruritus and hair and nail abnormalities. The side effects often limit the usefulness of EGFR inhibitors in cancer treatment. The transcriptional changes caused by EGFR inhibition in epidermal keratinocytes have not been extensively explored. Methods: To define the transcriptional changes caused by inhibition of EGFR in primary human epidermal keratinocytes, these cells were treated with Tyrphostin AG1478 and treated and control cultures were compared in parallel, using Affymetrix microarrays. Using meta-analysis approaches, the observed changes were integrated with a large set of already existing data on transcriptional profiling in epidermal keratinocytes. Results: We found that at the early time points, 1 hour and 4 hours after addition, AG1478 suppresses expression of genes associated with keratinocyte proliferation, attachment and motility. Apoptosis is facilitated by both induction of proapoptotic and suppression of antiapoptotic genes. Angiogenesis signals are suppressed as well. At late time points, 24 hours and 48 hours, EGFR inhibition induces mitochondrial activity and suppresses splicing and protein trafficking. Certain transcriptional effects of EGFR inhibition go against the transcriptional effects of retinoids. Surprisingly, at 48 hours, EGFR inhibition induces expression of markers of epidermal differentiation. Conclusion: Our results define the role of EGF receptor in human keratinocytes and the consequences of its inhibition.
Effect of Locked-Nucleic Acid on a Biologically Active G-Quadruplex. A Structure-Activity Relationship of the Thrombin Aptamer (2008)

Here we tested the ability to augment the biological activity of the thrombin aptamer, d(GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG), by using locked nucleic acid (LNA) to influence its G-quadruplex structure. Compared to un-substituted control aptamer, LNA-containing aptamers displayed varying degrees of thrombin inhibition. Aptamers with LNA substituted in either positions G5, T7, or G8 showed decreased thrombin inhibition, whereas LNA at position G2 displayed activity comparable to un-substituted control aptamer. Interestingly, the thermal stability of the substituted aptamers does not correlate to activity - the more stable aptamers with LNA in position G5, T7, or G8 showed the least thrombin inhibition, while a less stable aptamer with LNA at G2 was as active as the un-substituted aptamer. These results suggest that LNA substitution at sites G5, T7, and G8 directly perturbs aptamer-thrombin affinity. This further implies that for the thrombin aptamer, activity is not dictated solely by the stability of the G-quadruplex structure, but by specific interactions between the central TGT loop and thrombin and that LNA can be tolerated in a biologically active nucleic acid structure albeit in a position dependent fashion.
Cytokines and soluble cytokine receptor induction after IL-12 administration in cancer patients (2000)

This study shows that subcutaneous administration of increasing doses of IL-12, once a week, in 21 cancer patients increased the expression of cytokine genes (interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IP-10, MIG, IL-10, IL-4) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells even at very low doses (30 ng/kg). Surprisingly, no circulating TNF-alpha or IL-4 could be detected in the plasma of patients treated with IL-12. However, a marked increase of soluble IL-4 receptor was demonstrated in the plasma of five of the six patients studied, which may represent an additional mechanism by which IL-12 inhibits the development of the Th2 response in vivo. A marked decline of IFN-gamma and IP10 induction was recorded after repeated cycles of IL-12. In contrast, in most patients IL-12 increased IL-10 expression with no subsequent decrease during the course of therapy, and even an earlier peak of IL-10 induction at the 6th cycle. In addition, a constant up-regulation of serum soluble IFN-gamma receptor levels was observed after each cycle of IL-12 treatment with a delayed peak compared with the IFN-gamma peak. The constant rise of IL-10 and soluble IFN-gamma receptor during IL-12 therapy may therefore contribute to the inhibition of IFN-gamma activity detected after repeated cycles of IL-12. Lastly, a marked heterogeneity of cytokine induction was observed from one patient to another, which appeared to be independent of the dose of IL-12 administered. These data may lead to a better understanding of the biological activity of IL-12 and the in vivo mechanisms of its regulation.
Fatty Acid Based Microemulsions to Combat Ophthalmia Neonatorum Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Staphylococcus aureus (2018)

The bacterial species <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (<i>N. gonorrhoeae</i>) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (<i>S. aureus</i>) are amongst the main microorganisms that cause ophthalmia neonatorum. The current treatment involves the use of various antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, cephalosporin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime. However, this treatment strategy is becoming more ineffective due to the antibiotic resistance in <i>N. gonorrhoeae.</i> The current study explores the potential use of fatty acid based microemulsions (ME) to prevent <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>S. aureus</i> infections in new-borns' eyes without harmful side effects such as corneal or conjunctiva irritation. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were constructed to evaluate microemulsion regions and six different α-linolenic acid based microemulsions were prepared. The prepared formulations were characterized for α-linolenic acid content, size, transparency, zeta potential, Polarized light Microscopy, antimicrobial activity and ex vivo ocular toxicity. The mean droplet size of the ME formulations was in the range of 190.4 to 350.5 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) values were in the range of 0.102 to 0.561. All formulations were found stable upon storage for at least 8 weeks. In addition, self-diffusion coefficients determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) reflected that the diffusability of water increased at higher than 30% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> water, while that of fatty acids and surfactants was in reverse. The antimicrobial efficacy of microemulsions was determined against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>. It was concluded that all microemulsions have strong antimicrobial effects against <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>. Finally, bovine corneal opacity permeability (BCOP) and hen's egg chorioallantoic (HET-CAM) tests results showed that all microemulsion formulations were not strong ocular irritants.
EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF CLUCAGON-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY (CLI) IN THE PANCREAS<sup>1</sup> (1976)

Glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI), which can be separated from glucagon by isoelectric focusing, has been detected in partially purified canine pancreatic extracts. Like gastrointestinal GLI, this insular GLI reacts with crossreacting antiserum 78J but not with glucagon "specific" antiserum 30K and has an isoelectric point (pl) of 9.5, whereas canine pancreatic glucagon has a pl of 6.25. When combined with glucagon, the GLI-glucagon mixture gives 48J assay values between GLI and this crossreacting antiglucagon serum and thus conceals it in glucagon-containing extracts.