gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Studies of the Effect of Orthophospho-<scp>l</scp>-serine on Biological Mineralization (2001)

The effect of phospho-l-serine in supersaturated solutions of calcium phosphate was investigated at plethostatic conditions. Phospho-l-serine inhibited the crystal growth of hydroxyapatite {Ca5OH(PO4)3, HAP} by blocking the crystal growth centers through adsorption. Complete inhibition was attained with a phospho-l-serine concentration of 4 × 10-4 M. Analysis of the kinetics and adsorption isotherm results showed a Langmuir-type adsorption. The amount of phospho-l-serine adsorbed on HAP decreased as pH increased from 7.4 to 10.4. The adsorbed species of phospho-l-serine, which in the pH range 7.4−10.4 are mainly the monoprotonated species (HL2-), are located in the inner Helmholtz plane (IHP) of the double layer at the HAP/electrolyte interface, interacting with the surface of HAP with both electrostatic and chemical interactions. The location of the negatively charged HL2- species at the IHP caused a shift of the ζ-potential to more negative values. Finally, a model was established for the adsorption of phospho-l-serine onto the HAP surface at pH 7.4, according to which an ion pair forms between the protonated amino group of one HL2- species and one negative site of the surface of HAP, i.e., the phosphate or hydroxyl group. Due to electrostatic repulsion, the negatively charged deprotonated carboxyl and phosphate groups of the adsorbed HL2- species are oriented in a manner ensuring the maximum possible distance from the negatively charged surface of HAP.
It's Mine, Don't Touch! (2008)

We present data from detailed observations of CityWall, a large multi-touch display installed in a central location in Helsinki, Finland. During eight days of installation, 1199 persons interacted with the system in various social configurations. Videos of these encounters were examined qualitatively as well as quantitatively based on human coding of events. The data convey phenomena that arise uniquely in public use: crowding, massively parallel interaction, teamwork, games, negotiations of transitions and handovers, conflict management, gestures and overt remarks to co-present people, and "marking" the display for others. We analyze how public availability is achieved through social learning and negotiation, why interaction becomes performative and, finally, how the display restructures the public space. The multi-touch feature, gesture-based interaction, and the physical display size contributed differentially to these uses. Our findings on the social organization of the use of public displays can be useful for designing such systems for urban environments.
IMPROVEMENTS TO PEDESTRIAN PROTECTION AS EXEMPLIFIED ON A STANDARD-SIZED CAR (2001)

Despite the steadily declining number of pedestrian fatalities and injuries in most European countries during recent decades, pedestrian protection is still of great importance in the European Union as well as in Germany. This is because they still constitute a large proportion of road user casualties and are more likely to suffer serious and fatal injuries than most other road users. In 1999 only car occupants suffered more fatal injuries than pedestrians in Germany. In December 1998, EEVC WG 17 completed their review and updating of the EEVC WG 10 pedestrian test procedure that made it possible to evaluate the protection afforded to pedestrians by the front of passenger cars in an accident. Within the scope of this procedure, four different impactors are used representing those parts of the body which are injured very often and/or very seriously in vehicle-pedestrian-collisions. In a project executed by IKA and BASt, a small family car was tested according to the EEVC WG 17 test procedure. Afterwards modifications to the car were carried out in order to improve the pedestrian protection provided by the vehicle design. There were certain restrictions placed on the level of modifications undertaken, e.g. only minor modifications to vehicle styling and to the vehicle structures, which provide passenger protection. The redesigned vehicle was tested again using the WG 17 test procedure. The test results of the modified vehicle were compared with those of the standard vehicle and evaluated. The results show that considered measures for pedestrian protection in many areas of the vehicle front structure and the use of innovative techniques can lead to a significant reduction of the loads of pedestrians at an acceptable expense. For the covering abstract see ITRD E111577.
GIFTS (2010)

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Changes at Applied Optics (2005)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Glenn D. Boreman, "Changes at Applied Optics," Appl. Opt. 44, 7676-7676 (2005) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Accredited University Module for clinical simulation facilitators at the University of Hertfordshire. (2006)

With the development of modern training technology, some aspects of medical and healthcare education are being revolutionised. The use of patient simulators in hospitals and Universities is becoming common practice providing teamwork experience and exposure of participants to critical situations. It is widely recognised that facilitating clinical simulation sessions is different from previous training methods and requires particular skills. This is primarily due to the interactive capabilities of patient simulators and the progressively lower cost of audio/visual equipment coupled by better computer performance. This issue has been addressed with a number of centres now offering in-house hands-on faculty training in the form of intensive short courses over a day or more. This helps equip faculty with the basic skills and concepts they need to apply to effectively facilitate simulation training. In September 2006 the Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Postgraduate Medical School will be offering a double module at Master’s level to train clinical simulation facilitators. The time restriction of short courses is a limiting factor for skills development under structured guidance that we have seriously considered in the development of this new module. Because it will run over a much longer period of time than traditional short courses, it will enable junior as well as more experienced faculty to fully appreciate the different aspect of this training approach. The presentation will cover the topics and the assessment profile as well as provide a wider picture of the Master of Health and Medical Education programme in which it is proposed.
Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma, Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia, and Retroviruses (1994)

Journal Article Bronchoalveolar Carcinoma, Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia, and Retroviruses Get access Anne M. Peterschmitt, Anne M. Peterschmitt Departments of Pneumology, Virology, and Anatomy-Pathology, Regional Hospital Center Michallon, Grenoble, France Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Anne Peterschmitt, Service de Pneumologie, CHRU A. Michallon, BP 217 38 043 Grenoble Cedex, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Denis G. Moro, Denis G. Moro Departments of Pneumology, Virology, and Anatomy-Pathology, Regional Hospital Center Michallon, Grenoble, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hervé J. Perron, Hervé J. Perron Departments of Pneumology, Virology, and Anatomy-Pathology, Regional Hospital Center Michallon, Grenoble, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Elisabeth M. Brambilla Elisabeth M. Brambilla Departments of Pneumology, Virology, and Anatomy-Pathology, Regional Hospital Center Michallon, Grenoble, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 19, Issue 6, December 1994, Pages 1178–1179, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinids/19.6.1178 Published: 01 December 1994
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings: New Opportunities for C—C Bond Formation (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rubiadin, a new antioxidant from Rubia cordifolia. (1997)

Rubiadin, a dihydroxy anthraquinone, isolated from alcoholic extract of Rubia cordifolia, possesses potent antioxidant property. It prevents lipid peroxidation induced by FeSO4 and t-butylhydroperoxide (t-BHP) in a dose dependent manner. The per cent inhibition was more in the case of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation. The antioxidant property of the preparation has been found to be better than that of EDTA, Tris, mannitol, Vitamin E and p-benzoquinone.
Hot-electron bistability in quantum-dot structures (1993)

We present a theoretical analysis of hot-electron bistability in quantum-dot structures. An energy balance approach is used to demonstrate the existence of negative differential conductance due to thermal runaway of the carriers in the dot structure. This runaway is shown to arise from heating of carriers in the quantum dot by incident electrons injected over the barrier of the input constriction. Excellent agreement is obtained with recent experimental evidence of bistability in the current-voltage characteristics of laterally confined quantum dots [J. C. Wu, M. N. Wybourne, C. Berven, S. M. Goodnick, and D. D. Smith, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1 (1992)].
Copper‐Mediated Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition and Allylic Substitution Reactions (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparative analysis of some mouthrinses on the production of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (2002)

Oral malodor is mainly caused by the presence of volatile sulfur-containing compounds (VSC) produced by proteolytic periodontopathic bacteria in the oral cavity. Different solutions have been used as mouthrinses, trying to reduce malodor, and a large number is on the market. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of three commercially available mouthrinses with a simple inexpensive solution of zinc (zinc acetate 0.1%) on the production of VSC in vivo. Two of the solutions contained triclosan, one of them with fluoride and the other with sodium bicarbonate, and the third one contained herbal components. Seven healthy subjects rinsed with cysteine to induce production of VSC at baseline. After halitosis induction and VSC measurements, the subjects rinsed with the test solution, and mouth airVSC analyses were then performed by means of gas chromatography subsequent to repeated cysteine rinses after 30, 60, and 120 min. The data were calculated as percentage reduction of VSC from baseline. The percentage reduction of VSC decreased over time for all experimental groups. Zinc acetate had clearly the highest percentage reduction, starting from 95.68% at 30 min and with 69.27% after 2 h. The three other mouthrinses produced a VSC reduction of 23.92% 49.86% after 30 min, decreasing to 13.06%-37.09% after 2 h. One-way ANOVA (P = 0.05) was applied, and comparisons showed no differences between the commercially available solutions, but zinc acetate was significantly better than these. It may be concluded that some commercial mouthrinses are markedly less effective than a simple and cheap solution of zinc acetate.
Monolithically integrated 5 Gb/s CMOS duobinary transmitter for optical communication systems (2004)

A monolithically integrated duobinary optical transmitter has be designed and fabricated in standard 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. This transmitter consists of a duobinary encoder and a VCSEL driver. It can operate up to 5 Gb/s with 20 mA current output. The current consumption is only 50 mA under 1.8 V supply voltage.
Low stress nitride as surface isolation in bipolar transistors (1995)

AbstractAbstractLow stress silicon rich nitride SiNx has been examined as surface isolation in a 15 GHz washed emitter–base (WEB) bipolar process. The resistance of SiNx to wet etching in HF simplifies the processing and improves the control of device dimensions. The WEB process allows a direct comparison of device characteristics for several SiO2 and SiNx passivation layers. Films of SiNx with strain levels in the range 4×10−4–3×10−3 were developed using a micromachined test structure. Damage of the silicon surface, which induces emitter–collector shorts, is avoided by using very low stress nitride (strain <1·8×10−3). The base leakage currents, which are associated with silicon/insulator interface traps, are not stress dependent but are characteristic of the type of isolation.MST/3222
Cotton root growth as influenced by phosphorus nutrition and vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizas (1989)

SUMMARY Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., was grown in the greenhouse in sand‐nutrient culture at five phosphorus (P) concentrations, and root systems were examined after 10 and 20 days. Extension rates of primary laterals and numbers of secondary laterals increased with increasing P. Cotton was grown for 6 weeks in environment cabinets in soils of three P concentrations with and without mycorrhizas. Increased P and mycorrhizas both stimulated plant growth (f. wt shoot d. wt), but however specific root length (cm root g' root f. wt) of mycorrhizal plants was reduced.
Bovine stefin C, a new member of the stefin family. (1993)

Four low M(r) cysteine proteinase inhibitors with different pI values were isolated from bovine thymus using alkaline activation of the gland homogenate, affinity chromatography on carboxymethyl-papain-Sepharose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-50, ion-exchange chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column and a fast protein liquid chromatography Mono Q column, and hydrophobic chromatography on a TSK Phenyl-5 PW column. One of the inhibitors was identified both as the monomeric and dimeric forms of stefin B. Two others, called cysteine proteinase inhibitor-1 and cysteine proteinase inhibitor-2, were N terminally blocked and most likely belong to the stefin family. The complete amino acid sequence of the last inhibitor, namely bovine stefin C, was determined. The inhibitor consisted of 101 amino acids and its M(r) was calculated to be 11,546. It exhibits considerable sequence homology with other inhibitors from the stefin family. It was identified as the first tryptophane-containing stefin and it had a prolonged N terminus. The four inhibitors had similar inhibitory activities on cysteine proteinases. They were fast-acting inhibitors of papain and cathepsin L (kass > or = 1.8 x 10(6) M-1 s-1) and formed very tight complexes with the enzymes (Ki < or = 180 pM). In contrast, they were relatively poor inhibitors of cathepsin B (Ki > 100 nM).
Resistive Memory Utilizing Ferritin Protein with Nano Particle (2011)

This study reports on the controlled single conductive path in ReRAM formed by embedding Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs) in NiO film. Homogenous Pt NPs produced and placed by ferritin protein produce electric field convergence which leads to the controlled conductive path formation. The ReRAM with Pt NPs shows stable switching behavior. A Pt NP density decrease results in an increase of OFF state resistance and decrease of forming voltage, whereas ON resistance was independent from the Pt NP density, which indicates that a single metal NP in a memory cell will achieve extremely high-on/off resistance ratio, low power operation and stable operation.
Small molecule inhibitors of PHLPP determined by chemical and virtual screening (2010)

PHLPP (PH domain Leucine repeats Protein Phosphatase) dephosphorylates Akt and protein kinase C, poising this phosphatase on two major survival pathways in cells. The catalytic domain of PHLPP belongs to the PP2C family of serine/threonine phosphatases for which there are no specific inhibitors. Using a medium throughput chemical screening combined with a virtual approach, we tested compounds from the NCI compound library and identified small molecules that inhibit PHLPP in vitro at low micromolar range. Several clusters of structures could be identified and structure‐activity relationship studies were initiated. Competitive and uncompetitive inhibitors, specific for PHLPP compared to other serine/threonine phosphatases, were used on cells. Treatment with these molecules resulted in an increase in both basal and agonist‐evoked Akt phosphorylation and activity. These first inhibitors of PHLPP could find their therapeutic relevance in the treatment of diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, two pathologies in which Akt and/or PKC pathways are repressed. This work was supported by the JDFR 3‐2008‐478, NIH 067946, NIH GM08326, NIH GM31749, NSF MCB‐0506593, and The Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Toughening of Nontransformable <i>t</i> ′‐YSZ by Addition of Titania (2007)

Substitution of TiO 2 for ZrO 2 into single‐phase tetragonal ( t ′) 7YSZ has been shown to induce a twofold increase in toughness. This enhancement has been achieved by increasing the tetragonality of the unit cell, upon substituting Ti 4+ for the larger Zr 4+ cation. The observed behavior is consistent with ferroelastic toughening, but direct evidence of the mechanism is lacking. Adding TiO 2 to 7YSZ has the additional benefit that it diminishes the transformability of the depleted tetragonal form: specifically, no monoclinic phase was observed even after equilibration at 1600°C, followed by low‐temperature annealing. The combination of properties bodes well for potential application as a thermal barrier coating in gas turbine engines.
Studies of surface resonance waves in RHEED (1989)

Abstract Dynamical calculations have shown that the surface resonance wave is confined to the surface top few layers in the geometry of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED); it takes the dominant role in the resonance reflections of electrons from surfaces. The Goose–Hanchen effect is valid for describing the scattering of electrons in RHEED. The interrupting effect on the resonance wave of a surface step is shown to be sensitive to the step height. This effect is demonstrated as a new method of determining step heights as well as their distribution on surfaces.
Stimulation of [3H]norepinephrine release from hippocampal slices by excitatory amino acids. (1989)

[3H]norepinephrine efflux from preloaded rat hippocampal slices was increased in a dose-dependent manner by excitatory amino acids (EAA) in the following potency order: N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) greater than kainic acid greater than L-glutamic acid greater than or equal to D,L-homocysteic acid greater than L-aspartic acid greater than quinolinic acid greater than quisqualic acid. The effect of EAA was blocked by physiological concentration of Mg2+, with the exception of kainic acid. D,L-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid (APH) dose-dependently inhibited NMDA effect (IC50 = 69 mumol/L), whereas at 1 mmol/L it was ineffective versus kainic acid. The release of [3H]norepinephrine induced by quinolinic acid was blocked by APH 0.1 mmol/L. gamma-D-glutamylglycine dose-dependently inhibited kainic acid effect with an IC50 = 1.15 mmol/L. Tetrodotoxin 2 mumol/L reduced NMDA and kainic acid effects by 40 and 20%, respectively. The data indicate a possible involvement of central noradrenergic system in the modulation of excitotoxic action of EAA and offer a reliable system for testing new compounds acting at EAA-receptors by measuring norepinephrine release in vitro.
Effects of Electrical Stimulation and Simulated Conventional- and Extended Chilling Method on Cooked Chicken Breast Meat Texture and Yield (2005)

This study was conducted to determine effects of carcass electrical stimulation and alternative carcass chilling methods on texture and yield of early-harvested boneless broiler-breast fillets. New York dressed broiler carcasses were electrically stimulated for 90 s immediately after defeathering. Control carcasses were held similarly for 90 s but not stimulated. After evisceration, half the stimulated and half the control carcasses were chilled for 3 h in ice-water (extended immersion chilled). Remaining carcasses were chilled in ice-water for 1 h and then stored for an additional 2 h (conventionally chilled). Breast fillets (Pectoralis major muscles) were manually harvested immediately after chilling (3.5 h post-mortem). After weighing and overnight storage, all muscles were cooked and evaluated for shear values and cooked yields. Fillets from stimulated carcasses required significantly less force to shear and exhibited greater cooked yields than those from non-stimulated carcasses. Fillets from conventionally chilled carcasses exhibited greater yield than those from extended chilled carcasses, but chilling method did not affect shear values.
Oxidative stability of krill oil (Euphausia superba) (2013)

Krill oil has been reported in many studies to have high oxidative stability when evaluated by peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (AV). However, recent studies have shown that other compounds than primary and secondary oxidation products are formed when krill oil is exposed to oxidative conditions. These compounds include Strecker degradation compounds and pyrroles. Some of these compounds may have antioxidative effect. Commercial scale processing of krill prior to extraction may affect the oxidative stability of krill oil. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare lipid oxidation in krill oil produced in a commercial process and krill oil carefully extracted from frozen krill in the laboratory. Krill oil was incubated at different temperatures (20, 30 and 40 oC) for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 weeks, under conditions of constant stirring while being exposed to air. The oxidative stability of both oils was assessed by simple chemical analyses such as PV, AV, spectrophotomeric determination at 400 nm, and also advanced determination methods such as a) measurement of secondary volatile oxidation products and Strecker degradation products by DHS-GC/MS, b) measurement of lipid classes especially phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, c) measurement of antioxidants level such as tocopherols, rosemary, ascorbyl palmitate and astaxanthin upon storage. In addition, the effect of residues or impurities present in krill oil contributing to its oxidative stability were investigated by d) the determination of amino acids composition and transition metals such as Cu2+ and Fe2+.
Evidence for a Multiphase Discharge Channel in Single Al Wire Z-Pinch Experiment. (1994)

The vapor phase separating the initial solid state from the final plasma state of wire loads in pulse power devices is often assumed to be very short lived and of no consequence to the subsequent load implosion for fast current pulses. However, researchers have attributed Cu Kα radiation and load stability to a persistent solid core in experiments with Cu wires or frozen D2 fibers, respectively. The spatial structure of Al Z‐Pinch loads has been studied with streaked absorptiongrams, holographic interferometry, gated multiple pinhole cameras, and debris collectors to address this issue. A coronal plasma surrounding a neutral rich inner region is seen 310 ns into a current pulse having a quarter period of 1.5 μs. The observations made of the coronal plasma separating from the neutral inner region in two wire experiments has ramifications for multiple wire arrays. This phenomenon may account for pre‐cursor plasma formation, softened implosion, a small fraction of the mass radiating in the K shell and straggling in the load assembly on the axis. The results indicate that the initial plasma formation process on individual wires of an array is very important to the subsequent load implosion and must be modeled realistically.