gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of p16 Protein Is Associated with Human Papillomavirus Status in Tonsillar Carcinomas and Has Implications on Survival (2004)

Our recent analysis of papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in different malignant head and neck tumors revealed that HPV infections occurred most frequently in tonsillar carcinomas (58%) and that 84% of positive cases contained the highly oncogenic HPV type 16. We could also present data in favor of the hypothesis that in view of their clinical behavior and the involved risk factors HPV-positive and HPV-negative tonsillar carcinomas may represent two separate tumor entities. Looking for a surrogate marker, which in further epidemiological studies could replace the laborious and expensive HPV detection/typing we analyzed p16 protein expression in 34 tonsillar carcinomas for their correlation with HPV status. p16 is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 which activate the negative cell cycle regulator protein pRB which in turn downregulates p16 expression. It could be shown that in neoplastic cells of the cervix uteri E7 protein of the high-risk HPVs can interfere with this regulatory circuit by its virtue to inactivate pRB and thus lead to the overexpession of p16. We found 53% of the tested tonsillar carcinomas to be HPV positive. 56% of all tumors tested were immunohistochemically positive for the p16 protein. In 16 of 18 of the HPV-positive carcinomas diffuse p16 expression was observed. In contrast, only 1 of the HPV-negative carcinomas showed focal p16 staining (p < 0.001). Clinical outcome analysis revealed a significant correlation of p16 expression with increased disease-free survival (p = 0.02). These data indicate that p16 is a technically simple immunohistological marker, applicable for routine pathological histology, and its prognostic value for survival is fully equivalent to HPV DNA detection.
A Novel Acid-Base Catalyzed Sol-Gel Synthesis of Highly Active Mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub>Photocatalysts (2007)

A new synthetic strategy based on the acid-base catalyzed sol-gel method was developed for the preparation of a series of mesoporous TiO2 nanoparticles. A key feature of the method involves a gradual change in pH (0.8- 9) during the sol-gel transition, which guarantees easy introduction of mesoporosity without relying on the well-established sonochemical or template approach. In addition, this method leads to the exclusive formation of the anatase phase stable enough to the calcination temperature up to 600 oC. The physicochemical properties of the particles in the series were characterized by various spectroscopic and analytical techniques such as wide-angle XRD, SAXRD, BET surface area, FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, TGA, and XPS. The photocatalytic efficiency of these materials was investigated for the oxidation of toluene under UV-irradiation. All but T-ad in the series exhibited high photocatalytic activity pushing the reaction into completion within 3 h. The reaction followed the first order kinetics, and the rate reaches as high as 3.9 × 10?2/min which exceeds the one with the commercially available Degussa P-25 by a factor of 3.2. When comparison is made among the catalysts, the reactivity increases with increase in the calcination temperature which in turn increases the crystallinity of the anatase phase, thus revealing the following rate orders: T-3 < T-4 < T-5 < T-6.
Image measures for segmentation algorithm evaluation of Automatic Target Recognition system (2006)

Image measure is a very important part of automatic target recognition algorithm performance evaluation. Whether the image measure accurately relates with algorithm performance will affect directly evaluations. In this paper current image measures are introduced, and the deficiency of the target to background contrast (TBC) measure is analyzed, which is the best single measure and the representative of current general measures. A new texture-based image clutter measure (TIC) is derived from gray level cooccurrence (GLC) matrices, which embody important texture information. The result of testing two measures TBC and TIC shows that the relation between TBC and segmentation algorithm performance is monotonic rising in given scenario condition, but in complex condition it will fail, and that in both conditions TIC has very good monotonic relation with the segmentation algorithm performance. TIC is a fairly robust indicator of segmentation algorithm performance and better suited than TBC
Thermotropic Polymethacrylate Bearing Sulfonylbenzoxazole-Based Multifunctional Photoactive Mesogen (2001)

For the multifunctional liquid crystalline medium with high chromophore content, a thermotropic polymethacrylate (PBBS) bearing monolithic photoactive mesogen was designed and synthesized on the basis of semiempirical quantum calculation. PBBS showed phase transition sequence of I−222 °C−SmA−169 °C−SmC−154 °C−SmX on cooling. Phase transition in the PBBS film could be correlated with the birefringence change and H-aggregate formation monitored as a function of temperature. The multifunctional mesogenic pendant, 2-biphenyl-5-sulfonylbenzoxazole, provided strong blue fluorescence and electroluminescence, large second-order optical nonlinearity, and intrinsic photoconductivity to the novel photoactive liquid crystalline polymer PBBS.
Isokinetic Relationship, Isoequilibrium Relationship, and Enthalpy−Entropy Compensation (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsokinetic Relationship, Isoequilibrium Relationship, and Enthalpy−Entropy CompensationLei Liu and Qing-Xiang GuoView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 3, 673–696Publication Date (Web):February 2, 2001Publication History Received22 June 2000Published online2 February 2001Published inissue 1 March 2001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr990416zCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5206Altmetric-Citations618LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (230 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Enthalpy,Entropy,Free energy,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Dissolution-modulating mechanism of pH modifiers in solid dispersion containing weakly acidic or basic drugs with poor water solubility (2010)

It is believed that step-by-step mechanistic approaches could provide the ultimate solution for solubilizing several poorly water-soluble drugs with pH-dependent solubility from a solid dispersion system, as well as provide ideas for developing future dosage systems.
On-chip switch for reconfigurable mode-multiplexing optical network (2016)

The switching and routing is essential for an advanced and reconfigurable optical network, and great efforts have been done for traditional single-mode system. We propose and demonstrate an on-chip switch compatible with mode-division multiplexing system. By controlling the induced phase difference, the functionalities of dynamically routing data channels can be achieved. The proposed switch is experimentally demonstrated with low insertion loss of ~1 dB and high extinction ratio of ~20 dB over the C-band for OFF-ON switchover. For further demonstration, the non-return-to-zero on-off keying signals at 10 Gb/s carried on the two spatial modes are successfully processed. Open and clear eye diagrams can be observed and the bit error rate measurements indicate a good data routing performance.
Synthesis, characterization, thermal, and flame retardant properties of phosphate-based epoxy resins (1997)

A new phosphorus-containing oxirane bis-glycidyl phenylphosphate (BGPP), and a diamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)phenylphosphate (BAPP), were synthesized. Both of these two phosphorus-containing compounds lead to phosphate-containing epoxy resin via curing reaction. The kinetics of the curing reaction of BGPP with various curing agents, including BAPP, were studied. The introduction of electron-withdrawing group into the compounds increases the BGPP and decreases the BAPP reactivity in the curing reaction. The thermal and the weight loss behavior of the cured epoxy resins were studied by TGA. High char yields (32–52%) as well as high limiting oxygen index (LOI) values (34–49) of these phosphorylated resins were found, confirming the usefulness of these phosphorus-containing epoxy resins as flame retardants. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 565–574, 1997.
Readout method for pathogen detection using biosensor (2014)

A biosensor consists of biologically sensitive material used in close conjunction with a device that will convert a biological reaction into a quantifiable electrical signal. Biosensors have many advantages, such as simple and low-cost instrumentation, fast response times, minimum sample pretreatment, and high sample throughput. This biosensor based on piezoelectric crystal can be used for pathogen detection. In this work Quartz crystal microbalance QCM is used as a biosensor. The quartz crystal or resonator operates due to the piezoelectric effect. Electronic circuit system that can be used to realize a QCM biosensor consists of an oscillator and a frequency counter. A 10 MHZ Quartz crystal is used to produce oscillations. The resonant frequency of an oscillating piezoelectric crystal can be affected by a change in mass at the crystal surface. Piezoelectric immunosensors are able to measure a small change in mass. Crystal surface has to be coated with antibody specific for a disease. An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and virus. The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, called an antigen. Antibodies are proteins produced in the blood in response to the presence of an antigen. The blood sample should be introduced on the crystal and if the sample contains the disease causing antigen, reaction between antigen and antibody takes place. This reaction causes a change in mass on the crystal surface there by the resonant frequency of the crystal is changed. This shift in frequency is measured by the frequency counter. The material for immobilization of biomolecules on its surface is selected according to its properties.
Indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) nanoparticles using Aloe vera plant extract: Synthesis and optical properties (2008)

In2O3 nanoparticles with particle sizes of 5-50 nm were synthesized by a simple, cost effective and environmental friendly route using indium acetylacetonate and Aloe vera plant extracted solution. The precursor was characterized by TG-DTA to determine the thermal decomposition and crystallization temperature which was found to be at above 350 °C. Nanoparticles are formed after calcination the dried precursor of In2O3 in air at 400-600°C for 2 h. Structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized. XRD and TEM analysis showed that the In2O3 samples are cubic with particle sizes of 5-50 nm. The morphology and size of In2O3 materials were affected by the calcination temperature. The prepared In2O3 nanoparticles showed a strong PL emission in the UV region. The strong emissions of In2O3 are attributed to the radioactive recombination of an electron occupying oxygen vacancies with a photo-excited hole. The present work proves that the Aloe vera plant-extracted solution synthesis is a new useful method using cheap precursors for preparation of In2O3 nanoparticles.
A Novel Architecture Based on Cloud Computing for Wireless Sensor Network (2013)

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is widely applied in many fields since its emergence. However, the limited resources of a sensor, especially limited battery life, limited bandwidth and limited processing power, are the main challenges for deploying and operating WSNs. This paper proposes a novel architecture based on cloud computing for wireless sensor network, which can improve the performance of WSN. Based on this architecture, a cloud acts as a virtual sink with many sink points that collect sensing data from sensors. Each sink point is responsible for collecting data from the sensors within a zone. Sensing data are stored and processed in distributed manner in cloud. Our simulation results show that the proposed architecture improves the performance of WSN, e.g., reduced packet transmission error rate, decreased number of end-to-end hops, and improved efficiency of energy consumption.
Role of glutamate receptor subtypes in the differential release of somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, and substance P in primary serum-free cultures of striatal neurons (1997)

The spiny and aspiny neuronal populations of the striatum display differential vulnerability to the toxic effects of glutamatergic agonists. Substance P-containing spiny neurons appear to be more vulnerable to NMDA-receptor-mediated toxicity and less susceptible to kainate toxicity than the somatostatin- and neuropeptide Y (NPY)-containing aspiny population. We studied whether selective glutamatergic agonists might have similar differential effects on neuropeptide release from the substance P- and somatostatin/NPY-containing neuronal populations. After collection of a baseline sample, striatal neurons in primary culture were treated with one of the following: phosphate-buffered saline, 56 mM potassium chloride (KCl), 100 microM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), 100 microM quisqualate, 100 microM kainate, or 100 microM glutamate. Baseline and treatment samples were measured by radioimmunoassay for somatostatin, NPY, and substance P. KCl and kainate provoked a selective release of somatostatin and NPY, whereas substance P measured in the same samples showed no response. By contrast, NMDA elicited a selective release of substance P without a similar increase of either somatostatin or NPY. Quisqualate evoked comparable responses in the three peptides. These results indicate that the glutamatergic regulation of somatostatin and NPY release from aspiny striatal neurons in primary culture is preferentially mediated by the kainate receptor, whereas substance P release is selectively mediated by the NMDA receptor. These findings suggest a preferential expression of functional kainate receptors on the aspiny somatostatin/NPY neurons and of NMDA receptors on the substance-P-containing spiny neurons.
The Urban Pattern (1951)

Partial table of contents: KNOWLEDGE--THE BASIS FOR PLANNING. Ecosphere. Resources. URBANISM IS BORN. The Dawn of Urbanization. The Classic City. The Medieval Town. The Neoclassic City. THE CITY IN TRANSITION. The Industrial Revolution. The City of Contrasts. Improvements in Housing. MODERN TRENDS. Twenties and Thirties Looking to the Future. World War II and After. THE PLANNING PROCESS. Public Planning. Private Planning. The Legal Foundation. PLANNING FOR THE FUTURE. Land Use Element. Housing Element. Seismic Safety Element. Noise Element. Conservation Element. IMPLEMENTATION--PUTTING PLANS TO WORK: TURNING IDEAS INTO REALITY. The Zoning Plan. The Specific Plan. Subdivision of Land. The Financial Plans. REBUILDING OUR CITIES. Development Processes. Planning With Minorities. Urban Design. Art in the City. METAMORPHOSIS. Symbols of Purpose. Epilogue. Bibliography. Index.
ECDC public consultation on working document on potential introduction of varicella vaccination (2014)

Preview this article: ECDC public consultation on working document on potential introduction of varicella vaccination, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/19/16/art20777-en-1.gif
Nottinghamshire County Libraries and BOOK PLUS (1990)

Nottinghamshire County Libraries recently embarked on a new phase of automation with the replacement of their ageing Plessey SPC1B circulation system — possibly the last in the country. This serviced the five largest branch libraries in the Nottinghamshire system (which includes all the City libraries) and ran on the local authority ICL 2900 series mainframe computer which held books on loan and catalogue files. The priority for Nottinghamshire was to replace the system in those five libraries but the new system goes much further.
Periostin stimulates chemotaxis migration, adhesion, and proliferation activity of hASCs <i>in vitro</i>. (2015)

<p>(A) Dose-dependent effect of periostin on hASC migration. hASCs were loaded in the upper chamber of a chemotaxis chamber apparatus and recombinant periostin with the indicated concentration was placed in the lower chamber, followed by measurement of the number of migrated cells after 12 h incubation. (B) Checkerboard analysis of the periostin-induced migration of hASCs was measured using a chemotaxis chamber. Periostin was placed in either the bottom, top, or both chambers of the chemotaxis system and hASCs were loaded into the upper chamber. The number of migrated cells was quantified after incubation of the cells for 12 h. Data represent mean ± S.D.; *, p < 0.05. (C) 96-well plates were coated with indicated concentration of periostin and adhesion of hASCs onto the plates was determined. (D) Dose dependence of periostin-stimulated proliferation. hASCs were treated with the increasing concentrations of periostin for 3 days and proliferation of cells was determined by MTT assay. Data represent mean ± S.D. *, p < 0.05 vs control.</p>
Transmission electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy investigations of graphene on 4H-SiC(0001) (2009)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and micro-Raman investigations of epitaxial graphene on 4H-SiC on-axis and 4° off-axis are presented. The STM images show that there is superimposed on 1×1 graphene pattern the carbon nanomesh of honeycomb 6×6 structure with the lattice vector of 17.5 Å. The TEM results give evidence that the first carbon layer is separated by 2 Å from the Si-terminated SiC surface and that subsequent carbon layers are spaced by 3.3 Å. It is also found in TEM that the graphene layers cover atomic steps, present on 4° off-axis SiC(0001) surface, indicating a carpetlike growth mode. However, a bending of graphene planes on atomic steps of SiC apparently leads to generation of stress which leads to creation of edge dislocations in the graphene layers.
Review of Growth Defects in Thin Films Prepared by PVD Techniques (2020)

The paper summarizes current knowledge of growth defects in physical vapor deposition (PVD) coatings. A detailed historical overview is followed by a description of the types and evolution of growth defects. Growth defects are microscopic imperfections in the coating microstructure. They are most commonly formed by overgrowing of the topographical imperfections (pits, asperities) on the substrate surface or the foreign particles of different origins (dust, debris, flakes). Such foreign particles are not only those that remain on the substrate surface after wet cleaning procedure, but also the ones that are generated during ion etching and deposition processes. Although the origin of seed particles from external pretreatment of substrate is similar to all PVD coatings, the influence of ion etching and deposition techniques is rather different. Therefore, special emphasis is given on the description of the processes that take place during ion etching of substrates and the deposition of coating. The effect of growth defects on the functional properties of PVD coatings is described in the last section. How defects affect the quality of optical coatings, thin layers for semiconductor devices, as well as wear, corrosion, and oxidation resistant coatings is explained. The effect of growth defects on the permeation and wettability of the coatings is also shortly described.
Scanning transmission electron microscopy investigation of the Si(111)/AlN interface grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (2010)

The structure and chemistry of the interface between a Si(111) substrate and an AlN(0001) thin film grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy have been investigated at a subnanometer scale using high-angle annular dark field imaging and electron energy-loss spectroscopy. ⟨112¯0⟩AlN∥⟨110⟩Si and ⟨0001⟩AlN∥⟨111⟩Si epitaxial relations were observed and an Al-face polarity of the AlN thin film was determined. Despite the use of Al deposition on the Si surface prior to the growth, an amorphous interlayer of composition SiNx was identified at the interface. Mechanisms leading to its formation are discussed.
Quantum-well reflectivity and exciton-polariton dispersion (1992)

We prove that reflectivity measurements as a function of angle of incidence allow the measurement of the exciton-polariton modes in quantum wells. The resonant polaritons at ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathrm{?}}$${\mathit{k}}_{0}$=\ensuremath{\omega}/v manifest themselves as peaks in the reflectivity while surface polaritons at ${\mathit{k}}_{\mathrm{?}}$>${\mathit{k}}_{0}$ manifest themselves as dips in the attenuated total reflection. A comparison of the reflectivities with polarization perpendicular and parallel to the plane of incidence allows us to detect the different polariton modes and to measure the dispersion relation. We also give expressions to compute reflectivity and transmission for the case of multiple quantum wells, including the effects of multiple reflections. Examples are given for standard reflectivity of GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$As quantum wells and for attenuated total reflection of CuCl/${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ quantum wells.
Sociedad moderna, nuevas tecnologías de la información y control social (2010)

En la fase histórica del capitalismo evolucionado o del capitalismo de redes los individuos cuentan con una gran herencia tecnológica para practicar sus derechos liberales que les otorgó el acceso a la modernidad del siglo XX. Sin embargo, al mismo tiempo en el siglo XXI poseen menos margen de libertad que la que tenían en etapas sociales anteriores, pues ahora el Estado y los grandes consocios particulares geoestratégicos de la datavigilancia y del conocimiento, a través del acelerado avance de las tecnologías de obtención, registro e interrelación de múltiples informaciones sobre la sociedad, poseen una masa de datos vitales sobre la existencia privada de los seres humanos quedando altamente controlados por las estructuras del poder. Por ello, ahora es necesario avanzar urgentemente en la creación de regulaciones jurídicas que defiendan los derechos universales de los individuos, y evitar que todo el enorme caudal de datos concentrados por el nuevo poder tecnológico sea utilizado para el mero fortalecimiento del Estado o del mercado desbocado.
New laser-based bistability system for optical computing applications (1998)

We have studied analytically the theoretical behavior of a Fabry-Perot cavity using a birefringent non-linear material in a polarizer-sample-analyzer system. The working parameter of our device is the direction of polarization of the incident light. Principal results are presented.