gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation and Experimental Study of the Rock Breaking Mechanism of Personalized Polycrystalline Diamond Compact Bits (2020)

Rock breaking is a complex physical process that can be influenced by various factors, such as geometrical shape and cutting angle of rock breaking tools. Experimental study of the rock breaking mechanism of personalized bits is restricted due to long cycle and high cost. This study simulated the rock breaking mechanism of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bit by combining finite element method and experiment. The simulation was performed to shorten the period and reduce the cost of studying the rock breaking mechanism of PDC bits. A rock breaking finite element model for sting cutters of personalized PDC bit was established to simulate the rock breaking process. The crack propagation pattern, dynamic stress of rock breaking, and rock breaking mechanism of sting cutters of personalized PDC bit were analyzed. The correctness of the simulation results was verified through experiments. Results demonstrate that the rock breaking load increases with the crack propagation in the fracture initiation and propagation stages, with the maximum tangential force of 1062.5 N and maximum axial force of 1850.0 N. The load changes in a small range when the crack penetrates the rock, with the tangential force of 125.0–500.0 N and axial force of 375.0–875.0 N. The rock breaking mechanism of the sting cutters of bit is consistent with maximum tensile stress theory. The rock begins to break when the tensile stress of rock is 36.9 MPa. The sting cutters of personalized PDC bit have better wear resistance than the sting cutters of conventional bit. The average wear rates of personalized PDC and conventional bits are 1.74E-4 and 2.1E-4 mm/m, respectively. This study serves as reference for shortening the study period of rock breaking mechanism, efficiently designing personalized PDC bit structure, reducing bit wear, and enhancing rock breaking efficiency.
The Technique <i>of</i> Reading Aloud <i>to a</i> Class (1953)

The Technique of Reading Aloud to a Class MICHAEL WEST MICHAEL WEST Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar ELT Journal, Volume VIII, Issue 1, AUTUMN 1953, Pages 21–24, https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/VIII.1.21 Published: 01 October 1953
Optical properties of porous silicon layers processed with a HF:HCI:C2H5OH electrolyte (1999)

The properties of porous silicon samples prepared by adding hydrochloric acid to the usual hydrofluoric-acid electrolyte have been studied. These samples exhibit an intense photoluminescence that does not degrade over time and is unaffected by exposure to intense laser illumination. The peak photoluminescence from these layers of porous silicon occurs at photon energies of 1.85–1.9 eV. The photoluminescence signal from samples prepared in the standard way under the same initial conditions but without HCl in the composition of the electrolyte is two orders of magnitude less intense. Studies of the degradation of these porous silicon samples with time and exposure to various power levels of laser illumination revealed that the samples with the maximum content of HCl in the electrolyte composition emitted photoluminescence that was unaffected by laser illumination. In this work, the infrared spectra of the samples was measured in order to monitor the chemical state of their surfaces. It was found that the abrupt 100-fold increase in the intensity of the photoluminescence signal from samples made according to the method proposed here is associated both with distinctive features of the structure of porous silicon layers and with the presence of a thin crystalline layer of SiO2 on the surface of nanocrystallites.
Analyse et synthèse de sons de piano par modèles physiques et de signaux (2003)

Rapporteurs : Antoine CHAIGNE, Julius O. SMITH III Examinateurs : Bruno COCHELIN, Olivier GIPOULOUX
Sir Eyre Crowe and Georges Clemenceau at the Paris peace conference, 1919–20 (1997)

(1997). Sir Eyre Crowe and Georges Clemenceau at the Paris peace conference, 1919–20. Diplomacy & Statecraft: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 10-19.
Cutaneous syndrome possibly caused by heartworm infestation in a dog (1998)

A 9-year old German Shepherd bitch was presented with a recent onset of seborrhoea oleosa, hyperpigmentation, erythema, pruritus and alopecia along the neck, thorax, ventrum and the dorsal area of the carpus. The skin changes were believed to be caused by Dirofilaria immitis infection. A combination of topical and parenteral anti-heartworm therapy led to the resolution of the lesions.
Project manager personality as a factor for success (2008)

Much has been written regarding project success, and one of the factors contributing to project success is the role of the project manager. Since project success can be enhanced by selecting the most appropriate project manager, we investigated the role of the ldquoBig Fiverdquo personality traits on project success by surveying United States Department of Defense project managers. The findings indicate that Conscientiousness and Openness were both good predictors of successful project managers. The results may be useful as one consideration when hiring and selecting project managers.
Ovarian acetylcholine and muscarinic receptors: Hints of a novel intrinsic ovarian regulatory system (2002)

Abstract More than two decades ago, the degrading enzyme of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACH) was reported in nerve fibers of the rat ovary. Subsequently, it was assumed that ACH is a neurotransmitter of ovarian nerves, although the sole presence of the degrading enzyme, ACH‐esterase, does not allow such a conclusion. That ACH may be involved in the complex regulation of ovarian functions, including hormone production, was indicated by studies using, for example, granulosa cells (GCs). The lack of detailed information about both source(s) and functions of ACH in the ovary prompted us to examine sites of ovarian ACH‐synthesis and ACH‐receptor‐bearing target cells. We also started to identify functions of ACH in cultured human GCs. While ovarian innervation and recently described neuron‐like cells of the ovary were not immunoreactive for the ACH‐synthesizing enzyme, choline‐acetyl transferase (CHAT), we found immunoreactivity in GCs of rodents and primates. Isolated human and rat GCs produced ACH and contained the vesicular ACH transporter (VACHT). These results indicate that endocrine GCs are an unexpected non‐neuronal source of ACH in the ovary. Moreover, these cells and GCs in vivo contain ACH‐receptors of the muscarinic subtype (MR), namely M1R and M5R. In contrast, oocytes express M3R. MR of human GCs are functional and cholinergic stimulation is linked to rapid increases in intracellular Ca ++ levels. M1/5R activation also led to increased cell proliferation of human GCs in vitro and this stimulatory effect was found to be associated with rapid disruption of gap junction communication. Ongoing studies begin to identify regulation of ion channels and altered gene expression as consequences of MR stimulation. Thus, our results outline first details of an unexpected intraovarian, non‐neuronal cholinergic system, and suggest that it may be involved in the regulation of cell proliferation in the ovary. Microsc. Res. Tech. 59:503–508, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Simple Synthesis of Fulvene and Its 6‐Alkyl Derivatives (1964)

The base-catalysed condensation of cyclopentadiene with formaldehyde or a homologue affords fulvene (4) or its 6-alkyl derivative (5) respectively, but only in yields of less than 5 % [1].
Object-based image editing (2002)

We introduce Object-Based Image Editing (OBIE) for real-time animation and manipulation of static digital photographs. Individual image objects (such as an arm or nose, Figure 1) are selected, scaled, stretched, bent, warped or even deleted (with automatic hole filling) - at the object, rather than the pixel level - using simple gesture motions with a mouse. OBIE gives the user direct, local control over object shape, size, and placement while dramatically reducing the time required to perform image editing tasks.Object selection is performed by manually collecting (subobject) regions detected by a watershed algorithm. Objects are tessellated into a triangular mesh, allowing shape modification to be performed in real time using OpenGL's texture mapping hardware.Through the use of anchor points, the user is able to interactively perform editing operations on a whole object, or just part(s) of an object - including moving, scaling, rotating, stretching, bending, and deleting. Indirect manipulation of object shape is also provided through the use of sliders and Bezier curves. Holes created by movement are filled in real-time based on surrounding texture.When objects stretch or scale, we provide a method for preserving texture granularity or scale. We also present a texture brush, which allows the user to "paint" texture into different parts of an image, using existing image texture(s).OBIE allows the user to perform interactive, high-level editing of image objects in a few seconds to a few ten's of seconds
Infections with Aspergillus Species (1993)

Invasive aspergillosis is a common infection in patients who are immunocompromised. The diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is difficult in the absence of confirmation by tissue biopsy and histological studies. Therefore, recent advances that may be important for the development of highly sensitive and specific serodiagnostic tests for the early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis are reviewed. The inability of the detection of antibody to Aspergillus to lead to early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis also is emphasized. However, sensitive methods that reliably detect significant amounts of aspergillus antigen in body fluids of high-risk patients are currently being evaluated and may provide a noninvasive early diagnostic test that is both sensitive and specific. Also, current antifungal agents with anti-aspergillus activity that have potential as therapeutic or prophylactic agents are reviewed briefly.
[Protective effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae and anisodamine (654-2) against early lung injury in acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis in the dog]. (1989)

Experimental study had been conducted on 18 healthy adult mongral dogs of both sex, weighting from 7.5-11 kg, randomly divided into four groups. Experimental models of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis (AHNP) were established by retrograde injecting 1 ml/kg of sodium taurocholate directly into the pancreatic duct. The dogs were treated respectively with intravenous infusion of Salviae miltiorrhizae (5 g/kg), 654-2(5 mg/kg) or normal saline. The results showed that PaO2, PaCO2 and pH did not change in early stage of AHNP. The contents of lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin and lipid peroxide (LPO) of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in the AHNP group were significantly higher than that of Salviae miltiorrhizae group (P less than 0.05). The necrosis and disruption of conjunction of endothelial cells resulting from the defects of vascular wall were noted under transmission electron microscope. Both pulmonary vascular and type II pneumocyte were normal in the Salviae miltiorrhizae group. These results suggested that Salviae miltiorrhizae possess the effect of protecting endothelial cells of pulmonary vascular and type II pneumocyte, which could function as scavenger of oxygen-derived free radicals.
The OntoNL Semantic Relatedness Measure for OWL ontologies (2007)

An effect of the growing importance of the semantic Web used for sharing knowledge over the Internet was the development and publishing of many ontologies in different domains. This led to the need of developing mechanisms for capturing the semantics of the ontologies. In this paper, we introduce the OntoNL semantic relatedness measure, a fully automated way of measuring, in an asymmetric way, semantic relatedness between concepts of domain ontologies. We have developed metrics to guide the automation of the procedure by using feedback from an extensive evaluation with human subjects.
Effect of Age of Exposure and Dietary Acidification or Alkalinization on Broiler Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome (1994)

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of age of exposure and dietary acidification and alkalinization on broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome (BPHS) induced by hypobaric hypoxia. There was no difference in mortality when birds exposed to hypobaric hypoxia beginning on the day of hatch were compared with birds exposed to hypobaric hypoxia beginning at 10 days of age. Ascites mortality was dramatically reduced in birds removed from hypobaric hypoxia at 10 days of age. Mortality due to BPHS significantly decreased in birds fed an alkalinized ration and increased, although not significantly, in birds fed an acidified ration. The mechanism of action and practical application of these dietary manipulations requires further study.
Alternating copolymers of propylene and alkyl acrylates (1978)

Abstract High‐molecular‐weight alternating and acrylate‐rich copolymers of propylene and ethyl acrylate were prepared by using boron trifluoride to complex the acrylate ester. The polymerizations were run at room temperature and autogeneous pressures with free‐radical initiation. The polymers were characterized by their nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, and gel permeation chromatography. The proton and 13 C NMR spectra show that the equimolar copolymers are alternating to a high degree.
Well-Defined Core−Shell Carbon Black/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites for Electrochemical Energy Storage (2011)

The well-defined core-shell carbon black/polypyrrole (CB/PPy) nanocomposites were prepared via the in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of pyrrole from the surfaces of the carbon black (CB) nanoparticles, with poly(2-hydroxy-3-(methacryloyloxy) propane-1-sulfonate) (PHMAS) as both the surfactant and the dopant. The nanocomposites exhibited the high conductivity at room temperature and the weakly temperature dependence of conductivity from 283 to 423 K. When the core-shell CB/PPy nanocomposites were used as the electrode materials for the supercapacitors, the maximum discharge capacity of 366 F/g was achieved, after being corrected for the weight percentage of the PPy phase at the current density of 5 mA/cm(2) in 1.0 M NaNO(3) electrolyte solution.
Multifractal scaling of the kinetic energy flux in solar wind turbulence (1996)

Abstract. The geometrical and scaling properties of the energy flux of the turbulent kinetic energy in the solar wind have been studied. Using present experimental technology in solar wind measurements we cannot directly measure the real volumetric dissipation rate, ε(t), but are constrained to represent it by its surrogate the energy flux near the dissipation range at the proton gyro scale. There is evidence for the multifractal nature of the so defined dissipation field ε(t), a result derived from the scaling exponents of its statistical moments. The generalized dimension Dq has been determined and reveals that the dissipation field has a multifractal structure, which is not compatible with a scale-invariant cascade. The related multifractal spectrum α has been estimated for the first time for MHD turbulence in the solar wind. Its features resemble those obtained for turbulent fluids and other nonlinear multifractal systems. The generalized dimension Dq can for turbulence in high-speed streams be fitted well by the functional dependence of the p-model with a comparatively large parameter p1=0.87, indicating a strongly intermittent multifractal energy cascade. The experimental value for Dp/3 used in the scaling exponent s(p) of the velocity structure function gives an exponent that can describe some of the observations. The scaling exponent μ of the autocorrelation function of ε (t) has also been directly evaluated, being 0.37. Finally, the mean dissipation rate was determined, which could be used in solar wind heating models.
Founding Structures on Coral Reefs (1981)

Building on coral reefs is in most cases fraught with difficulties. This is not only because of the particular geomorphological and marine environment of coral reefs but also because of some special geotechnical properties of coral reef deposits. From a geotechnical viewpoint, reefs typically consist of coral limestone, loose coral sand and cavities. It is the existence of the sometimes large cavities and also the extremely irregular distribution of limestone, sand and cavities within a reef which cause construction difficulties, be it in drilling for site investigation purposes, pile driving or grouting. Consequently, there is an obvious requirement for improved site investigation techniques, if foundations are to be more effectively constructed on coral reefs. A major need is for the development of techniques that can be used to locate the cavities and pockets of sand that provide the principal source of difficulty. In this respect, research in the Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, James Cook University of North Queensland, has recently involved the development of a dynamic penetration technique. This method has proved to be very suitable for investigating the near-surface structure of coral reefs and it is superior in many ways to alternative site investigation techniques such as diamond drilling or seismic refraction. Examples will be presented which indicate that using the dynamic penetration technique, it is now possible to spot weak zones, thus enabling a safer and more economic foundation design for structures on coral reefs.
ESD Protection Design With Lateral DMOS Transistor in 40-V BCD Technology (2010)

An electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design for smart power applications with lateral double-diffused MOS (LDMOS) transistors is investigated. With the gate-driven and substrate-triggered circuit techniques, the n-channel LDMOS can be quickly turned on to protect the output drivers during an ESD stress event. The proposed gate-driven and substrate-triggered ESD protection circuits have been successfully verified in a 0.35-μm 5 V/40 V bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process, which can sustain ESD voltages of 4 kV in human-body-model (HBM) and 275 V in machine-model (MM) ESD tests. In addition, the power-rail ESD protection design can also be achieved with a stacked structure to protect 40-V power pins without a latchup issue in the smart power integrated circuits.
Evaluation of Time Independent Rheological Models Applicable to Fresh Self-Compacting Concrete (2007)

Abstract Self-Compacting Concrete is a new type of concrete which is more liquid compared to traditional concrete and which does not need any form of external compaction. As a result this type of concrete is suitable for a new placing technique: pumping SCC from the bottom in the formwork and letting it rise in the formwork due to the applied pressure. In order to understand the phenomena occurring during pumping operations, the rheological properties of SCC must be investigated and controlled. Tests have been performed with two different rheometers, which are described in this paper. For the Tattersall Mk-II rheometer, a calibration procedure has been worked out to eliminate secondary flows in the rheometer. Test results indicate that SCC is a thixotropic liquid, having a yield stress, showing shear thickening and having varying properties in time due to the occurring chemical reactions. In this paper, the time dependent effects will not be described. When trying to apply a rheological model to the obtained results, only the modified Bingham model seems appropriate. Applying the Bingham model results in the generation of negative yield stresses while the Herschel-Bulkley model has a parameter with a variable dimension and has a major mathematical restriction. The rheological properties of fresh SCC can be described with the modified Bingham model. A suitable parameter to describe shear thickening is defined as the ratio of the second order term in the shear rate of the modified Bingham model to the linear term (= c/m).
A Comparative Study on Different Types of Approaches to Text Categorization (2012)

Categorization is a pattern classification task for text mining and necessary for efficient management of textual information systems. The documents can be classified by three ways unsupervised, supervised and semi supervised methods. Text categorization refers to the process of assign a category or some categories among predefined ones to each document, automatically. This paper presents a comparative study on different types of approaches to text categorization.
Endoreplication in megakaryoblastic cell lines is accompanied by sustained expression of G1/S cyclins and downregulation of cdc25C. (1996)

In most eukaryotic cells, a link between S and M phases of the cell cycle must be assured in order to maintain the ploidy of newly divided cells. However, in some cell l/pes, e.g. the precursors of platelets megakaryocytes, extra S-phases can occur in the absence of concomitant mitoses, resulting in polyploidy. We have used two established cell lines with megakaryoblastic characteristics (HEL and MEG-01) to investigate the molecular events that lead these cells to bypass the regular control checkpoints that govern the interdependency of S and M phases. In the presence of the phorbol ester TPA, both cell lines stopped proliferating and displayed additional megakaryocytic features, including polyploidization. Analysis of key cell cycle regulatory factors implicated in the control of G1/S and G2/M transitions revealed a number of differences compared to normally cycling cells. Differentiating megakaryocytes were found to maintain high levels of cdk2, and cyclins E and A. This was accompanied by the appearance of the retinoblastoma protein in the hyperphosphorylated, functionally inactivated form. In addition, TPA-treated cells showed high levels of cyclin B and cdc2 proteins, however no activation of cdc2 was detected. This lack of cdc2 activation which should occur for entry into M phase appeared to be related to the down regulation of cdc25C phosphatase found in both differentiated HEL and MEG-01 cells. Together, our results suggest that in differentiating megakaryoblastic cells endoreplication is accompanied by sustained levels of cyclins A and E, and a lack of cdc2 activation, which is probably mediated through down regulation of cdc25C protein phosphatase.
Trade patterns in developing countries, 1970-81 (1984)

Countries at similar levels of income and of similar size have long been known to share similar patterns of economic structure and resource allocation. This finding should apply to foreign trade as well. This paper studies the relationship between shares of seven categories of imports and exports in GDP and the logs of GNP per capita and population. Trade patterns are analyzed for a panel of 50 developing countries over the period 1970-81. The results suggest that shares of both non-oil imports and exports declined with rising GNP per capita across the sample, contrary to both historical and contemporary experience in advanced countries. Countries seem to be most successful in import substitution of textiles, shoes, and clothing products. Relatively fast-growing countries have higher import and lower export shares in GDP than slow growers. They have easier access to sources of finance for larger non-oil trade gaps and turn part of the proceeds into faster growth. This in turn is reflected in some success in shifting their specialization toward sophisticated consumer goods and capital goods.
Microwave ceramic resonator antenna for communication applications (2005)

A cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna made from ceramic dielectric material is reported. A ceramic dielectric resonator with coaxial feed is used for excitation of HEM/sub 11/spl delta// mode. The reflection characteristics are studied for suitable probe length. Resonant frequency, bandwidth and radiation pattern are measured for the DR at optimum feed position.