gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy for measurement of mechanical damping: Comparison with broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy (2000)

This article compares resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) and other resonant methods for the determination of viscoelastic properties such as damping. RUS scans from 50 to 500 kHz were conducted on cubical specimens of several materials including brass, aluminum alloys, and polymethyl (methacrylate) (PMMA), a glassy polymer. Comparison of damping over the frequency ranges for broadband viscoelastic spectroscopy (BVS) and RUS for indium tin alloy in shear modes of deformation discloses a continuation of the tan δ power-law trend for ultrasonic frequencies up to 300 kHz. For PMMA, resonant peaks were sufficiently broad that higher modes in RUS began to overlap. Tan δ via RUS and BVS for PMMA agreed well in the frequency range where the methods overlap. RUS is capable of measuring tan δ as high as several percent at the fundamental frequency. Since higher modes are closely spaced, it is impractical to determine tan δ above 0.01–0.02 at frequencies other than the fundamental.
Backstreaming of Hydrogen When Pumping Hydrocarbons with an Ion Pump (1972)

Ion pumps used for maintaining a stationary pressure of hydrocarbons in the range 10−9–10−6 Torr regurgitate hydrogen. With alkanes this hydrogen partial pressure is stationary and can be as high as that of the hydrocarbon. The amount of hydrogen regurgitated depends on the amount of hydrogen previously pumped (memory effect). With ethylene and acetylene, regurgitation of hydrogen by the pump varies with time and exhibits hysteresis. The mechanisms for hydrogen production from methane, ethane, propane, cyclopropane, neopentane, ethylene, and acetylene are discussed. As an example, LEED patterns observed during the exposure of W(100) to methane, propane, and cyclopropane in an ion pumped system are interpreted as due in whole or in part to mixed adsorption of hydrocarbon and of hydrogen backstreaming from the ion pump.
Improved MR Thermometry to Measure Brain Temperatures (2008)

An MR thermometry technique with sub-degree celsius accuracy is needed to measure in vivo temperatures vs. time in porcine brains at ultra-high fields. Porcine models are used to study thermoregulatory temperature response of the ultra-high field radiofrequency (RF) heating. The porcine hot critical temperature limit is comparable to and lower than that of humans. Also, porcine thermoregulatory mechanisms are similar to humans. Thus, conservative porcine thermoregulatory temperature responses can help develop new RF safety thresholds for ultra-high field human MRI. Sub-degree C temperature accuracy is needed since RF safety guidelines limit the maximum in vivo head temperature change due to RF heating to 1 °C over the core body temperature. Three-dimensional temperature maps over time are required since non-uniform RF power deposition at ultra-high fields and blood flow produce non-uniform in vivo temperatures with local hot spots. Thermogenic hazards are related to in vivo temperatures and temperature-time history — and not to the typically measured whole head average specific absorption rate.
Differential Contribution of Albumin and Lipids to the Hydrophobic Extraction of Bis-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Hemodialysis Tubing by Human Serum: Analysis by Gas Chromatography - Stable Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (2001)

Abstract A method is presented which allows quantitative assignment of hydrophobic human serum components to the extraction of bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from medical tubing. Under optimized conditions (sample pH 5.5; fluid-fluid extraction with ethyl acetate + tert-butyl methyl ether 1 + 1 v/v; DEHP-ring-D4 as internal standard with ratios of endogenous (m/z = 149) and added deuterated DEHP (m/z = 153) adjusted to around 1.0; equilibration of added internal standard with the hydrophobic sample for 24 hours), a high precision can be achieved with an intra-assay coefficient of variation of 1.5% (n = 7) for sample DEHP quantification. Phthalate migration from hemodialysis tubing was quantified by use of a peristaltic pump and recirculation (200 minutes) of serum with different degrces of hypertriglyceridemia (range from 2.26 to 14.5 g/L) or solutions of human albumin (10 to 50 g/L). Only DEHP, but no other phthalates are detected in the extracts. There exist linear relations between DEHP extraction and triglyceride content (increase by 1.01 μg DEHP/g tubing material per g triglyceride/L serum) as well as between DEHP extraction and albumin content (0.59 μg DEHP/g tubing material per g albumin/L). Under physiological conditions, the total amount of albumin extracts 17.7-fold more DEHP than the total triglyceride amount in human serum. The suitability of the proposed method as a candidate reference method as well as consequences for dyslipidemic and hypalbuminemic patients on hemodialysis schemes are discussed.
Laser Surface Engineering Of Tool Materials (1988)

The very nature of laser surface melting allows for localised modification of a surface, and it is this feature which makes it ideally suited to treatment of single point cutting tools. High speed steel M42 material has been laser surface melted and in trials, the resulting microstructural modifications have produced improved cutting performances over conventionally heat-treated material. In addition, laser alloying of a low-alloy steel substrate to achieve an M42-type cutting tip has also demonstrated acceptable cutting performances. With the different wear conditions encountered in die materials, it is thought that the addition of ceramic material to the die may enhance performance, and preliminary work on surface melting and alloying of this type of substrate is also reported.
Characterization of Titanium Oxide Films Prepared by the Template-Stripping Method (2003)

Titanium is a widely used biomaterial, and there is, therefore, considerable interest in studying the processes occurring at its surface. A suitable in situ investigation technique is atomic force microscopy (AFM), which, however, requires very flat substrates. In the case of gold, the so-called “template-stripping method” has allowed the successful preparation of surfaces that are atomically flat over large areas. The method is based on the evaporation of gold onto atomically flat surfaces of freshly cleaved mica, which is subsequently stripped off. Cacciafesta et al. (Langmuir 2000, 16, 8167−8175) have applied this method for preparing model titanium (oxide) surfaces for AFM investigation. The focus of the present study was the characterization of the chemical and topographical characteristics of the resulting surface. In particular, it was found that mica could not be completely removed from the titanium during the stripping step unless a thin layer of carbon was present between the titanium and the mica. In this study, a layer of amorphous carbon was artificially introduced between the two materials, but it is possible that the carbon naturally present in the micas can play a similar role. Detailed investigation by spectroscopic (angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, depth profiling, X-ray photoelectron diffraction) and imaging methods (AFM) lead to the conclusion thaton samples without a carbon interfacethe mica layer is at most a few unit cells thick and is nearly confluent.
Pair-Instability Explosions: observational evidence (2011)

Abstract It has been theoretically predicted many decades ago that extremely massive stars that develop large oxygen cores will become dynamically unstable, due to electron-positron pair production. The collapse of such oxygen cores leads to powerful thermonuclear explosions that unbind the star and can produce, in some cases, many solar masses of radioactive 56 Ni. For many years, no examples of this process were observed in nature. Here, I briefly review recent observations of luminous supernovae that likely result from pair-instability explosions, in the nearby and distant Universe.
Modélisation cinétique de la transestérification du glycérol en présence de catalyseurs de sélectivité variable (2002)

Une modélisation cinétique de la réaction de transestérification du glycérol par des esters méthyliques en présence de catalyseurs plus ou moins sélectifs a été effectuée. Le modèle montre que la sélectivité du catalyseur peut être clairement identifiée moyennant seulement une expérience et sans aucun calcul supplémentaire. Cette modélisation peut donc être d’un grand intérêt pour l’optimisation de catalyseurs spécifiques dans la réaction choisie.
Rapid vinyl shifts in spiro[4.4]polyenes: verification of the rate-determining step and the identity of the migrating group (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid vinyl shifts in spiro[4.4]polyenes: verification of the rate-determining step and the identity of the migrating groupM. F. Semmelhack, H. N. Weller, and Jon ClardyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 19, 3791–3792Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00413a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00413a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views253Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vesicle formation from the nuclear membrane is induced by coexpression of two conserved herpesvirus proteins (2007)

Although the nuclear envelope is a dynamic structure that disassembles and reforms during mitosis, the formation of membranous vesicles derived from the nuclear envelope has not yet been described in noninfected cells. However, during herpesvirus maturation, intranuclear capsids initiate transit to the cytosol for final maturation by budding at the inner nuclear membrane. Two conserved herpesvirus proteins are required for this primary envelopment, designated in the alphaherpesviruses as pUL31 and pUL34. Here, we show that simultaneous expression of pUL31 and pUL34 of the alphaherpesvirus pseudorabies virus in stably transfected rabbit kidney cells resulted in the formation of vesicles in the perinuclear space that resemble primary envelopes without a nucleocapsid. They contain pUL31 and pUL34 as shown by immunolabeling and are derived from the nuclear envelope. Thus, coexpression of only two conserved herpesvirus proteins without any other viral factor is sufficient to induce the formation of vesicles from the nuclear membrane. This argues for the contribution of cellular factors in this process either recruited from their natural cytoplasmic location or not yet identified as components of the nuclear compartment.
Nano Fluids and Critical Heat Flux (2008)

In recent years nanofluids have been attracting significant attention in the heat transfer research community. These fluids are obtained by suspending nanoparticles having sizes between 1 and 100 nm in regular fluids. It was found by several researchers that the thermal conductivity of these fluids can be significantly increased when compared to the same fluids without nanoparticles. Also, it was found that pool boiling critical heat flux increases in nanofluids. In this paper, our objective is to evaluate the impact of different nanoparticle characteristics including particle concentration, size and type on critical heat flux experimentally at saturated conditions. As result, this work will document our experimental findings about pool boiling critical heat flux in different nanofluids. In addition, we will identify reasons behind the increase in the critical heat flux and present possible approaches for analytical modeling of critical heat flux in nanofluids at saturated conditions.
Cellular immune response against acetylcholine receptor in myasthenia gravis (1979)

The cellular immune response to acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo electric organ was studied in 100 myasthenic patients and 41 healthy subjects. The mean stimulation index (SI) was 2 +/- 0.15 for the patients, and 1.06 +/- 0.08 for the controls. Stimulation was significantly greater when the test medium contained autologous serum rather than a standard universal serum (AB serum). Young patients were generally good responders (SI, 2.39 +/- 0.26), but older patients usually did not respond (mean SI, 1.18 +/- 0.13). Among the younger patients, men had higher responses than women (mean SI, 3.13 +/- 0.63 and 2.05 +/- 0.23, respectively). There was no correlation between degree of lymphocytic reactivity and duration or severity of symptoms.
The Heats of Formation of Solid Tetrasulfur Tetranitride and Tetraselenium Tetranitride (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Heats of Formation of Solid Tetrasulfur Tetranitride and Tetraselenium TetranitrideCarla K. Barker, A. Wallace Cordes, and John L. MargraveCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 1, 334–335Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100885a501https://doi.org/10.1021/j100885a501research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
2 + 1 resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy of the difluoromethyl radical (1991)

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) spectroscopy has provided new insights into the structure of chlorine-substituted1,2 and fluorine-substituted3 methyl radicals. In this paper we report the observation of the first electronic spectra of the difluoromethyl radicals CHF2 and CDP2.
Studying the Effects of Deep Brain Stimulation and Medication on the\n Dynamics of STN-LFP Signals for Human Behavior Analysis (2018)

This paper presents the results of our recent work on studying the effects of\ndeep brain stimulation (DBS) and medication on the dynamics of brain local\nfield potential (LFP) signals used for behavior analysis of patients with\nParkinson s disease (PD). DBS is a technique used to alleviate the severe\nsymptoms of PD when pharmacotherapy is not very effective. Behavior recognition\nfrom the LFP signals recorded from the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has\napplication in developing closed-loop DBS systems, where the stimulation pulse\nis adaptively generated according to subjects performing behavior. Most of the\nexisting studies on behavior recognition that use STN-LFPs are based on the DBS\nbeing off. This paper discovers how the performance and accuracy of automated\nbehavior recognition from the LFP signals are affected under different\nparadigms of stimulation on/off. We first study the notion of beta power\nsuppression in LFP signals under different scenarios (stimulation on/off and\nmedication on/off). Afterward, we explore the accuracy of support vector\nmachines in predicting human actions (button press and reach) using the\nspectrogram of STN-LFP signals. Our experiments on the recorded LFP signals of\nthree subjects confirm that the beta power is suppressed significantly when the\npatients take medication (p-value<0.002) or stimulation (p-value<0.0003). The\nresults also show that we can classify different behaviors with a reasonable\naccuracy of 85% even when the high-amplitude stimulation is applied.\n
Developing new anti-cancer drugs: novel targets and methodological problems. (1999)

The identification of molecular events relevant in the biology of cancer cells and the possibility of defining the molecular profile of cancer cell lines have radically changed the process of cancer-drug development. Cancer drug discovery relies now mainly on the National Cancer Institute cell line screening program; this screening system allows the selection of compounds with well-defined molecular mechanisms of action by screening them on cell lines characterised at the molecular level and by comparing their cytotoxicity through a computer-based analysis of the response profile. Biologically targeted drugs, which should hit specific molecular or biochemical targets, can be classified by a specific target, such as farnesyltransferase inhibitors, or by general mechanism of action. The clinical development of these new anti-cancer agents presents a significant challenge because clinical studies should comply with the molecular premises and be devised in order to provide the "proof of principle", that is the ability of the drug to interact with and activate or block the molecular target. After a summary of the main features and problems faced in the clinical development of biologically targeted anti-cancer therapies, the pre-clinical and clinical data available for some cell-cycle modulators, signal transduction inhibitors, drugs acting on the mitochondria and proteasome inhibitors will be reviewed.
Biochemical Markers of Cardiac Injury in Normal, Surviving Septic, or Nonsurviving Septic Neonatal Foals (2005)

Abstract The cardiac biomarkers cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and I (cTnI) and the cardiac isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CKMB) are used extensively in human medicine to diagnose and provide valuable prognostic information in patients with ischemic, traumatic, and septic myocardial injury. We designed a study to establish normal values for these markers in healthy, neonatal foals and to compare them with values obtained from septic neonates in a referral hospital population. The 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles for cTnI and CKMB in the healthy-foal population were 0.08, 0.14, 0.25, 0.49 ng/mL and 1.4, 2.3, 4.0, 7.4 ng/mL, respectively. The values obtained for cTnT were frequently (43/52 foals; 83%) below the lower limit of detection of the assay (0.009 ng/mL), but the median and range were 0.009 and 0.009-0.041 ng/mL, respectively. In the septic foal population, the 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentile values for cTnI and CKMB were 0.05, 0.12, 0.22, and 1.10 ng/mL and 2.0, 4.4, 7.8, and 24 ng/mL, respectively. The values obtained for cTnT were less frequently below the lower limit of detection (23/38 foals; 60%) compared with the healthy foal population, and the median and range were 0.009 and 0.009–0.20 ng/mL, respectively. Significantly higher values were observed for cTnT and CKMB in septic foals compared with the healthy neonatal foal population, but there were no differences among septic foals in survivors compared with nonsurvivors. These findings suggest that myocardial injury occurs during septicemia in neonatal foals but that the injury is not associated with survival among septic foals.
PR genes of apple: identification and expression in response to elicitors and inoculation with Erwinia amylovora (2006)

Four PR genes from apple were partially characterized. PR-1a, PR-2, PR-5 and PR-8 from apple are not markers for SAR in young apple shoots. Two additional PR-1-like genes were identified through in-silico analysis of apple ESTs deposited in GenBank. PR-1a, PR-1b and PR-1c are not involved in defence response or SAR in young apple shoots; this conclusion differs from that reported previously for young apple seedlings.
174 PARAMAGNETIC SHIFT REAGENTS FOR PROTON CHEMICAL SHIFT IMAGING (1985)

Wesbey, George E. M.D.; Moseley, Michael E. Ph.D.; Engelstad, Barry L. M.D.; Hubert, John Ph.D.; Hurd, Ralph Ph.D. Author Information
Finally, It Is Our Turn! (2002)

Although it is universally appreciated that long-standing diabetes is associated with sexual dysfunction in men, the state of inquiry into sexual dysfunction in diabetic women is rudimentary. A literature search (1) on sexual dysfunction in diabetic men reveals 1,983 articles published in the last 5 years. In a similar computer search directed toward diabetic women, 13 articles appear, a paltry (and unlucky) number. But there is promise! A 14th article, “Sexual dysfunction in women with type 1 diabetes: a controlled study,” by Enzlin et al. (2), appears in this issue of Diabetes Care , taking steps to make up for this discrepancy.

Compared with the few studies in the literature, this article is an evidence-based report. The study was designed to 1 ) examine the prevalence of sexual problems in women with type 1 diabetes, 2 ) compare this prevalence rate with that of an age-matched control group, 3 ) study the influence of diabetes-related somatic factors on female sexuality, and 4 ) study the influence of psychological variables on the sexual function of both groups. The authors studied 120 women with type 1 diabetes compared with an age-matched control group of 180 women without diabetes and asked them to complete questionnaires.

This paper could be criticized for the following: 1 ) a retrospective chart review (not considered the best method for data ascertainment in the scientific literature) was used in the group of diabetic women to collect HbA1c levels; 2 ) the chart review was also used to collect prevalence of diabetic complications (thus, no consistent method was used to document retinopathy, neuropathy, or cardiovascular …
Tetrapodal Anion Transporters (2020)

Synthetic anion transporters that facilitate chloride transport are promising candidates for channelopathy treatments. However, most anion transporters exhibit an undesired side effect of facilitating proton transport via interacting with fatty acids present in the membrane. To address the limitation, we here report the use of a new tetrapodal scaffold to maximize the selective interaction with spherical chloride over binding the carboxylate headgroup of fatty acids. One of the new transporters demonstrated a high selectivity for chloride uniport over fatty acid-induced proton transport while being >10 times more active in chloride uniport than strapped calixpyrroles that were previously the only class of compounds known to possess similar selectivity properties.