gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iteratively Re-weighted Least Squares minimization: Proof of faster than linear rate for sparse recovery (2008)

Given an mtimesN matrix Phi, with m<N, the system of equations Phix=y is typically underdetermined and has infinitely many solutions. Various forms of optimization can extract a "best" solution. One of the oldest is to select the one with minimal lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm. It has been shown that in many applications a better choice is the minimal lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm solution. This is the case in compressive sensing, when sparse solutions are sought. The minimal lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> norm solution can be found by using linear programming; an alternative method is iterative re-weighted least squares (IRLS), which in some cases is numerically faster. The main step of IRLS finds, for a given weight w, the solution with smallest lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (w) norm; this weight is updated at every iteration step: if x <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n)</sup> is the solution at step n, then w <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n)</sup> is defined by w <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n)</sup> :=1/|x <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(n)</sup> |, i=1,...,N. We give a specific recipe for updating weights that avoids technical shortcomings in other approaches, and for which we can prove convergence under certain conditions on the matrix Phi known as the restricted isometry property. We also show that if there is a sparse solution, then the limit of the proposed algorithm is that sparse solution. It is also shown that whenever the solution at a given iteration is sufficiently close to the limit, then the remaining steps of the algorithm converge exponentially fast. In the standard version of the algorithm, designed to emulate lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization, the exponential rate is linear; in adapted versions aimed at lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">tau</sub> -minimization with tau<1, we prove faster than linear rate.
Individual Genomes on the Horizon (2010)

To the Editor: In his editorial on individualized genomics, Lifton (April 1 issue)1 predicts that whole-genome sequencing could eventually be scaled to routine clinical practice, in part because “i...
Evaluation of the Aromatase Inhibition Potential of Freeze-Dried Grape Powder (2014)

In this study, there was no evidence that plasma hormone levels are altered by six weeks of daily consumption of 94 g of freeze-dried grape powder.
Circulating Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregates as a Marker of Microvascular Lesions in Diabetic Patients. (2005)

Abstract Introduction: Evolution of diabetes is associated with multiple disorders including metabolic, cellular and blood disturbances leading to various vascular complications (micro-and macro-angiopathies). Increased circulating levels of platelet-leukocyte aggregates (PLA) have been described in several thrombotic diseases. Material and Methods: In this study, we have evaluated the circulating PLA in diabetic patients and we have investigated whether they may be linked to the vascular complications currently occurring during diabetes evolution. Using flow cytometry assay, we have quantified PLA percentages in 65 diabetics (37 males/28 females, 57 ± 11 years old) including 20 patients with type I and 45 with type II diabetes, and 25 healthy subjects (15 males/10 females, 44 ± 9 years old). Labelling approach using specific monoclonal antibodies permitted us to identify platelet-polymorphonuclear aggregates (PPA) and platelet-monocyte aggregates (PMA). Results: We have observed a significant increase of PPA and PMA levels in diabetics (22 ± 12% and 45 ± 18%, respectively) compared to control subjects (7 ± 4% and 19 ± 10%, respectively). However, both PPA and PMA values were similar in the two types of diabetes and they were not correlated to the disease duration. Circulating PPA and PMA percentages were significantly enhanced in diabetics with vascular lesions (n=37; PPA: 24 ± 13%; PMA: 50 ± 18%) than in diabetics without vascular lesions (n=28; PPA: 18 ± 8%; PMA: 38 ± 15%). Patients with PPA > 18% and /or PMA > 38% had a more important vascular thrombotic damage (OR: 6; 95%; IC: 1.6; 23). The increased PMA circulating percentage seems to be more specific for micro-retinopathy occurrence (OR: 19, 95% IC: 2.3; 154). The rare patients with elevated PMA percentage and without vascular lesions have a shorter duration of diabetes (7 ± 5 years) than patients presenting retinopathy lesions (16 ± 11 years). Conclusion: Together our findings established a relationship between increased circulating PLA rate, particularly that of PMA, and the incidence of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. In addition, they reinforce the concept that pro-inflammatory cells are involved in diabetic retinopathy pathogenesis.
The bruit of carotid stenosis versus radiated basal heart murmurs. Differentiation by phonoangiography. (1978)

Phonoangiography, quantitative analysis of arterial bruits, has been shown to provide accurate noninvasive diagnosis of uncomplicated carotid arterial stenosis, but had not been tested where cervical bruits from other sources were present. In this study, 27 carotid bruits in 15 consecutive patients with carotid bruits and basal heart murmurs were analyzed by phonoangiography. Tape recordings were made over the base of the heart and along the course of the carotid arteries in the neck; spectral analysis was performed as previously described. The spectral shape of the basal heart murmurs was recognizable and amplitude decreased with distance from the heart, althouth a secondary, lower amplitude, maximum often occurred over the carotid bifurcation. Intrinsic carotid bruits, by contrast, were always maximal over the bifurcation, and although they radiated both proximally and distally, were not detectable over the chest wall. In quantitative terms, the correct diagnosis as to the presence and extent of carotid stenosis was made in 25 of 27 cases (92%) despite the presence of a radiated murmur. Phonoangiography is capable of accurate differentiation of radiated murmurs from intrinsic carotid bruits and of quantitation of the latter even in the presence of radiated sounds.
First-order sideband transitions with flux-driven asymmetric transmons (2013)

J. D. Strand, Matthew Ware, Felix Beaudoin, T. A. Ohki, B. R. Johnson, Alexandre Blais, and B. L. T. Plourde ∗ Department of Physics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244-1130, USA Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2T8 Raytheon BBN Technologies, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Departement de Physique, Universite de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1 (Dated: June 25, 2013)
The Rise of the Chicago Climate Exchange (2012)

Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) had a truly decentralized business model. It was realized early on that the core competence was product innovation and sales and outsourced almost everything else. It was a unique setup for an exchange. Compliance, technology, legal, and clearing were all outsourced. However, for each function that was outsourced, an experienced professional was retained internally to help manage the relationship with the outside service provider and provide strategic vision. Marketing involved recruiting new CCX members, while sales entailed describing the prices on screen, corresponding volumes, and political news in an attempt to stimulate orders. To attract new members, CCX initiated an extensive education and communications effort. It was important as many companies had not even heard of the role of emissions trading in combating climate change. The environmental, health, and safety departments took leadership roles and teamed up with the profit centers. That often resulted in companies joining CCX. After reorganizing CCX, the attention was turned to extending the pilot program. The members were informally polled and expressed a strong desire to continue the program. As in any market, CCX carbon price was influenced by the supply and demand dynamics of the commodity.
Novel Characterization Of Thin Film Multilayered Structures: Microcleavage Transmission Electron Microscopy (1985)

Microcleavage Transmission Electron Microscopy has been applied to the study of many properties of multilayered samples. We illustrate the unique capabilities of this technique to study long range perpendicular thickness drifts, lateral variations, roughness, substrate quality and island structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Opening of Phenyloxirane by Lithium Azide: A Direct Access to 2‐Azido‐1‐phenylethanol. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Glucosylglycerate Phosphorylase, an Enzyme with Novel Specificity Involved in Compatible Solute Metabolism (2017)

Family GH13_18 of the carbohydrate-active enzyme database consists of retaining glycoside phosphorylases that have attracted interest with their potential for synthesizing valuable α-sugars and glucosides. Sucrose phosphorylase was believed to be the only enzyme with specificity in this subfamily for many years, but recent work revealed an enzyme with a different function and hinted at an even broader diversity that is left to discover. In this study, a putative sucrose phosphorylase from <i>Meiothermus silvanus</i> that resides in a previously unexplored branch of the family's phylogenetic tree was expressed and characterized. Unexpectedly, no activity on sucrose was observed. Guided by a thorough inspection of the genomic landscape surrounding other genes in the branch, the enzyme was found to be a glucosylglycerate phosphorylase, with a specificity never before reported. Homology modeling, docking, and mutagenesis pinpointed particular acceptor site residues (Asn275 and Glu383) involved in the binding of glycerate. Various organisms known to synthesize and accumulate glucosylglycerate as a compatible solute possess a putative glucosylglycerate phosphorylase gene, indicating that the phosphorylase may be a regulator of its intracellular levels. Moreover, homologs of this novel enzyme appear to be distributed among diverse bacterial phyla, a finding which suggests that many more organisms may be capable of assimilating or synthesizing glucosylglycerate than previously assumed.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Glycoside phosphorylases are an intriguing group of carbohydrate-active enzymes that have been used for the synthesis of various economically appealing glycosides and sugars, and they are frequently subjected to enzyme engineering to further expand their application potential. The novel specificity discovered in this work broadens the diversity of these phosphorylases and opens up new possibilities for the efficient production of glucosylglycerate, which is a remarkably potent and versatile stabilizer for protein formulations. Finally, it is a new piece of the puzzle of glucosylglycerate metabolism, being the only known enzyme capable of catalyzing the breakdown of glucosylglycerate in numerous bacterial phyla.
Association of White Matter Hyperintensities With HIV Status and Vascular Risk Factors (2021)

Our results suggest that HIV serostatus affects the extent of brain WMH. This effect is mainly associated with aging and modifiable comorbidities.
PERCUTANEOUS CONNECTIONS IN MAN (1979)

Neuroprostheses research provides on application of percutaneous access. We have investigated a number of clinical situations requiring chronic percutaneous transmission of either fluid or electricity in man to explore other uses. Selection criteria for new models include the following considerations: 1) it should allow use of a skull mounted pedestal; 2) it should offer the potential of benefit to the patient with minimal extra risks; 3) it should be a common enough problem to provide sufficient clinical material; and 4) it should not require major new developments of technology. Other potential uses include the artifical pancreas, artificial heart, and hyperalimentation. With some modification, it might be possible to provide access to devices located in the chest via the jugular vein. Similarly, other uses for this percutaneous device warrant investigation. Our twenty man-years of experience with the device indicates that it provides successful chronic access when used with appropriate skill.
IMMUNOPHILINS FKBP52 AND FKBP51 MODULATE GLUCOCORTICOID RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTION IN NEURONS AND ARE ALTERED IN HIV AND MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER (2008)

The class of proteins known as immunophilins, that are cis-trans prolyl isomerases perform diverse chaperone roles. The immunophilins FKBP52 and FKBP51 (FK506 Binding Proteins) are adapter proteins involved in the trafficking of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), in which FKBP52 facilitates binding of retrograde molecular motor protein dynein and the GR, while FKBP51 binds only the GR. This body of work presents: 1. An analysis of the FKBP family of proteins and their potential for involvement of neuropathogenesis and identifies FKBP52 and FKBP51 as an evolutionarily divergent duo in mammals, 2. The changes in gene and protein levels of these immunophilins in the frontal cortex of patients with HIV and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), and 3. A role for FKBP52 in the ligand-activated redistribution of GR in neurons.Using primary human mixed neuron-glia cultures, we tested the hypothesis that immunophilin ligands, like FK506, may alter the kinetics of FKBP52 or FKBP51-mediated trafficking of the GR in neurons. We treated the neuron-glia cultures with cortisol with or without FK506 pretreatment, and found that FK506 altered the distribution of GR. By knocking down expression of FKBP52 using siRNA in a differentiated neuroblastoma cell line, hydrocortisone-mediated nuclear translocation of GR was slowed. Treatment of neuroblastoma cells media supplemented with 10% conditioned media of HIV-infected microglia lead to increased expression of both immunophilins. In a parallel study, we assessed the transcriptional and postranscriptional levels of the GR adapter proteins FKBP52 and FKBP51 in autopsy tissues from the frontal cortex of patients with MDD with and without HIV. We found increased expression of both proteins in HIV infected patients. FKBP51 was increased in MDD while expression of FKBP52 was the highest in the HIV population with MDD.These data support the hypothesis that the immunophilins described here modulate the cellular function of the GR in the brain and expression levels may be related to mood disorders. In general, viral infection and inflammation increase expression, of both immunophilins, which may alter the cortisol-induced trafficking of GR.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemical‐Physical Properties of the Insecticide Imidacloprid (NTN 33893) (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An in Situ Study of Mesostructured CTAB−Silica Film Formation during Dip Coating Using Time-Resolved SAXS and Interferometry Measurements (2002)

Silica thin films with ordered porosity can be prepared by dip coating, combining polycondensation of silicate species and organization of amphiphilic mesophases. This paper reports on the preparation of templated films using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as the surfactant and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the inorganic precursor. Depending on the CTAB/Si molar ratio, films with different porous networks3D hexagonal (P63/mmc), cubic (Pm3n), and columnar hexagonal (p6m)were obtained. Identification of the structures was accomplished by coupling two-dimensional X-ray diffraction at grazing incidence and TEM investigations on film cross sections. Other experimental parameters (e.g., deposition rate and composition of the starting sol, including its aging time) appeared also to influence the degree of organization of the final films greatly. To obtain a better understanding of the self-assembly mechanism, the structural formation of the films was followed in real time by in situ SAXS. Because of the very fast self-assembly process (<30 s), high-flux synchrotron radiation was used, which allows to record good quality X-ray patterns in 100 ms. For the first time, interferometry measurements were also combined with the SAXS experiments to correlate the organization steps detected during dip coating with the thickness profiles. A model has thus been proposed for the film formation: organization at the mesoscale (i) takes place at the final stage of liquid-phase evaporation; (ii) involves the formation of micelles at the film/air interface in the early stage of deposition and, in some cases, the formation of intermediate phases; and (iii) is influenced by the condensation degree of inorganic intermediates, the surfactant concentration, and the deposition external conditions.
Effects of the Neuraminidase Inhibitor Zanamivir on Otologic Manifestations of Experimental Human Influenza (1997)

Middle ear pressure (MEP) abnormalities are frequently observed during influenza virus infection and may serve as surrogate markers for the risk of otitis media. MEP abnormalities were evaluated in adult volunteers who were inoculated with influenza A/Texas/36/91(H1N1) or B/Yamagata/88 virus and given the antiviral zanamivir (GG167) intranasally as prophylaxis or early treatment in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. In the influenza A prophylaxis studies, 15% of 61 zanamivir recipients versus 61% of 33 placebo recipients showed significant MEP abnormalities (P < .01). In the influenza A early treatment trial, 32% of 31 infected zanamivir recipients versus 73% of 26 infected placebo recipients developed MEP abnormalities (P < .01). In the influenza B prophylaxis trial, 16% of 25 zanamivir versus 44% of 9 placebo recipients showed abnormalities (P = .09). These findings indicate that the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir, which is effective in reducing experimental influenza illness, provides protection against the development of MEP abnormalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Investigations of C‐Nitrosobenzenes. Part 1. Solution State <sup>1</sup>H NMR Studies. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of extracellular glucosyltransferase activity of Steptococcus mutans (1975)

The extracellular glycosyltransferase activity of Sterptococcus mutans GS-5 has been resolved into two non-overlapping fractions after gel filtration chromatography on Bio Gel A-15 columns. The activity eluting in the void volume, fraction A, was highly aggregated and synthesized both soluble and insoluble glucans. The activity retarded by the resin, fraction B, synthesized only soluble glucan. Almost all of the extracellular glucosyltransferase activity was eluted in the void volume when the cells were grown in Todd-Hewitt medium. However, most of the activity migrated as the lower-molecular-weight species when cells were grown under conditions which inhibit insoluble glucan formation. The activities in both fractions had identical temperature and pH optima as well as similar Km values for sucrose. Fraction A synthesized both alpha-1,3- and alpha-1,6- linked glucans, whereas fraction B catalyzed alpha-1,6-glucan formation. Fraction B has been purified to near homogeneity and is also aggregated with a subunit molecular weight of 45,000. The properties of the glucosyltransferases in both fractions are discussed in terms of the role of the enzymes in both soluble and insoluble glucan formation.
FT-ICR probes of silicon cluster chemistry: The special behavior of Si+39 (1987)

FT-ICR techniques were used to probe the surface chemistry of isolated silicon cluster ions in the 7–65 atom size range. Dissociative chemisorption reactions with NH3 were observed to proceed with rates which varied widely with cluster size. One particular cluster, Si+39, was found to be remarkably inert. Clusters with 20, 25, 33, and 45 atoms were found to be unreactive as well, while those with 18, 23, 30, 36, 43, or 46 atoms were quite reactive. Similarly oscillating reaction patterns were observed with CH3OH, whereas highly reactive free radical scavengers such as O2 and NO showed little selectivity. These results suggest the silicon clusters in this size range have well-defined structures which vary in ability to catalyze dissociative chemisorption at the surface.
Design and performance of a new microcalorimetric system for aerobic cultivation of microorganisms (1981)

Abstract A twin‐type heat‐conduction calorimeter for an aerobic fermentation process was designed and constructed fermentor both in batch and continuous runs. The time constant of the calorimeter was 3.3 min. The volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient ( k L a ) of the vessel was measured by a sulfite oxidation method in a continuous flow system under various rotation speeds and gas flow rates. Sufficient thermal stability of the calorimeter was obtained both in batch and continuous runs within the operation time period.
Simulating the real world (2013)

The future for computer computer graphics is bright, we are still a long way off from simulating the real world accurately. It should keep me busy enough until I retire.\nhttp://www.um.edu.mt/think/simulating-the-real-world/