gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geographic visualization: designing manipulable maps for exploring temporally varying georeferenced statistics (2002)

Geographic visualization, sometimes called cartographic visualization, is a form of information visualization in which principles from cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), exploratory data analysis (EDA), and information visualization more generally are integrated in the development and assessment of visual methods that facilitate the exploration, analysis, synthesis, and presentation of georeferenced information. The authors report on development and use of one component of a prototype GVis environment designed to facilitate exploration, by domain experts, of time series multivariate georeferenced health statistics. Emphasis is on how manipulable dynamic GVis tools may facilitate visual thinking, pattern noticing, and hypothesis generation. The prototype facilitates the highlighting of data extremes, examination of change in geographic patterns over time, and exploration of similarity among georeferenced variables. A qualitative exploratory analysis of verbal protocols and transaction logs is used to characterize system use. Evidence produced through the characterization highlights differences among experts in data analysis strategies (particularly in relation to the use of attribute "focusing" combined with time series animation) and corresponding differences in success at noticing spatiotemporal patterns.
Symptomless Plasmodium vivax parasitemias and malaria eradication in Santa Catarina State, Brazil (1971)

Thirty-nine symptomless carriers of P. vivax parasites in the blood gave blood films at monthly intervals for four to six months during the non- transmission season. It was found that parasitaemias can continue for many months. Thirteen of those studied relapsed with symptoms and were treated with chloroquine at a dosage of 600 mg for adults with proportionate doses for children. Of these nine relapsed silently while under observation: a symptomless relapse rate of approximately 70 per cent. One case had symptoms attributable to malaria close to the time of the original survey (the day before). Of the remaining 38 asymptomatic parasite carriers four showed microgametocytes in a density that suggested a potentially high infectivity and six showed microgametocytes in a density suggesting a potentially low to moderate infectivity for mosquito vectors. There was thus a proportion of one smptomatic case of malaria to 10 potentially infective symptomless parasite carriers. Because they feel no need to seek treatment, such persons may form an important reservoir of infection when vectors cannot be fully controlled by spraying. Some possible methods of dealing with such situations are discussed.
The role of autolysis in activity of the Ca2+-dependent proteinases (μ-calpain and m-calpain) (1989)

A recent hypothesis suggests that proteolytic activity of the micromolar and millimolar Ca2+-requiring forms of the Ca2+-dependent proteinases (mu- and m-calpain, respectively) is regulated in vivo by their association with a phosphatidylinositol-containing site on the plasma membrane followed by autolysis of the proteinases. Phosphatidylinositol association lowers the Ca2+ concentration needed for autolysis, and autolysis, in turn, lowers the Ca2+ concentration needed for proteolytic activity. To test this hypothesis, we have compared the Ca2+ concentrations needed for autolysis and for proteolytic activity of the calpains both in the presence and the absence of phosphatidylinositol. Bovine skeletal muscle mu-calpain required 40-50 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal rate of proteolysis of a casein substrate, 140-150 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal autolysis in the presence of 80 microM phosphatidylinositol, and 190-210 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal autolysis in the absence of phosphatidylinositol. Consequently, mu-calpain is an active proteinase and does not require autolysis for activation. Bovine skeletal muscle m-calpain required 700-740 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal rate of proteolysis of a casein substrate, 370-400 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal autolysis in the presence of 80 microM phosphatidylinositol, and 740-780 microM Ca2+ for half-maximal autolysis in the absence of phosphatidylinositol. These results are consistent with the idea that m-calpain functions in its autolyzed form, but the results do not demonstrate that unautolyzed m-calpain is inactive. 80 microM phosphatidylinositol had no effect on the Ca2+ requirement of the autolyzed forms of either mu- or m-calpain but lowered the specific activity of mu-calpain to 20% of its activity in the absence of phosphatidylinositol. Of the four forms of the calpains, unautolyzed m-calpain, autolyzed m-calpain, and unautolyzed mu-calpain would not be proteolytically active at the free Ca2+ concentrations of 300-1200 nM present inside normal cells, and neither mu- nor m-calpain would undergo autolysis at these Ca2+ concentrations, even in the presence of phosphatidylinositol. Cells must contain a mechanism other than or in addition to membrane association and autolysis to activate the calpains.
THE L-ARABINOSE OPERON IN <i>Escherichia coli</i> B/r: A GENETIC DEMONSTRATION OF TWO FUNCTIONAL STATES OF THE PRODUCT OF A REGULATOR GENE (1969)

The product of the regulator gene araC in the L-arabinose gene complex exists in two functional states: P1, the repressor, and P2, the activator, presumably in equilibrium with each other, and with P1 and P2 attached to their respective controlling sites, araO, the operator, and araI, the initiator. The controlling sites are linked in the following order with respect to genes araB and araC: BIOC. Two C gene deletions (Delta719 and Delta766) serve to define the newly described araO site, and to place it adjacent to the left end of the C gene. We have suggested that deletion 719 deletes, in addition to the C gene, part or all of the araO site. Deletion 766 leaves the araO site intact. Complementation analysis employing stable merodiploids indicates that the repressor-operator site function is epistatic over the activator-initiator site function. It is necessary both for activator (P2) to be present and for repressor (P1) to be absent at their respective controlling sites (araI and araO) for full expression of the L-arabinose operon.
An evaluation of the pragmatics of web-based bug tracking tools (2007)

Web-based tools are often used to support software development processes. Many of these tools are aimed toward a development process that relies implicitly on particular supported roles and activities. Developers may already understand how the tool operates; however, developers do not understand or adhere to a development process supported (or implied) by the tools. This paper proposes a preliminary formal model of roles and activities in one aspect of software development, namely the problem reporting process, and describes both a standards-based process and a well-known tool with respect to its support for their respective processes. An alternative is proposed for modeling problem status that is based on the analysis of process roles.
A critique of studies evaluating glyphosate effects on diseases associated with <i>Fusarium</i> spp. (2008)

Summary With the large‐scale adoption of glyphosate‐resistant crops in North America, there are concerns that non‐target microbial populations might be affected by increased frequency of glyphosate use. Stimulation of fungal species associated with crop diseases, including Fusarium spp., has been observed in laboratory and glasshouse experiments. Although field surveys in Saskatchewan detected positive associations between the incidence of Fusarium head blight and application of glyphosate formulations, few field experiments have been successful at demonstrating a stimulatory effect of glyphosate on crop diseases, including diseases associated with Fusarium spp. Taken at face value, there is little evidence from experimental field trials to support a causative link between glyphosate and crop diseases associated with Fusarium spp. However, we are concerned that the experimental field trials investigating links between glyphosate and Fusarium spp. are not representative of interactions that occur under actual farming conditions. In addition, inadequate consideration may have been given to microbial ecology during the design and maintenance of these experimental field trials. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to prove or disprove a link between glyphosate and crop diseases associated with Fusarium spp. and this area should receive high research priority, given the rapid and widespread increase in glyphosate use.
A Technique for the Testing of Camera Shutters (1960)

A method of testing camera shutters is described and illustrated examples of the application of the method are given. The method is applicable to all types of shutter mechanism and uses standard laboratory equipment. Double extension or a supplementary lens is required for a full test on a focal plane shutter. The method involves photographing a trace on a cathode-ray tube screen.
Kernel GMM and its application to image binarization (2003)

Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is an efficient method for parametric clustering. However, traditional GMM can't perform clustering well on data set with complex structure such as images. In this paper, kernel trick, successfully used by SVM and kernel PCA, is introduced into EM algorithm for solving parameter estimation of GMM, which is so called kernel GMM (kGMM). The basic idea of kernel GMM is to apply kernel based GMM in feature space instead of in input data space. In order to avoid the curse of dimension, the proposed kGMM also embeds a step to automatically select discriminative features in feature space. kGMM is employed for the task of image binarization. Result shows that the proposed approach is feasible.
The nonlinear coherent coupler (1982)

This paper discusses the nonlinear coherent coupler (NLCC), a device useful for optical processing, but not bistable. This device utilizes the coherent interaction of two optical waveguides placed in close proximity. Because of the evanescent field overlap, these waveguides periodically exchange power. Nonlinear interactions modify the exchange of power and lead to strongly nonlinear transmission characteristics.
A dissolved oxygen dressing: A pilot study in an ischemic skin flap model (2014)

Flaps treated with a dissolved oxygen dressing had fewer clinical failures and improved histological profiles compared with control-treated flaps, suggesting that increasing local oxygen supply may improve the local wound healing environment.
The electrical properties of chemical vapor deposited silicon oxide films for applications as interlayer dielectrics in ULSI (2002)

The electrical properties of plasma-enhanced undoped silicon dioxide and subatmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposited borophosphosilicate glass films used in sub-half-micron ULSI were investigated and compared for 200 mm p-type silicon wafers. The capacitance-voltage (C-V), surface photo voltage (SPV), and current-voltage (I-V) measurement methods were applied for characterization of the film properties. The revealed variation of the charge and current values across the wafer for as-deposited and densified films and its causes are discussed.
Oligomerization Domain of the Multidrug Resistance–Associated Transporter ABCG2 and Its Dominant Inhibitory Activity (2007)

Overexpression of human ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 in cancer cells causes multidrug resistance by effluxing anticancer drugs. ABCG2 is considered as a half transporter and is thought to function as a homodimer. However, recent evidence suggests that it may exist as a higher form of oligomer consisting of 12 subunits. In this study, we mapped the oligomerization domain of human ABCG2 to its transmembrane domain consisting of TM5-loop-TM6. This oligomerization domain, when expressed alone in HEK293 cells, also forms a homododecamer. Furthermore, this domain has activity that inhibits drug efflux and resistance function of the full-length ABCG2 likely by disrupting the formation of the homo-oligomeric full-length ABCG2. These findings suggest that human ABCG2 may exist and work as a homo-oligomer by interactions located in TM5-loop-TM6, and that ABCG2 oligomerization may be used as a target for therapeutic development to circumvent ABCG2-mediated drug resistance in cancer treatment.
James Russell Lowell's Nephews (1991)

Alice Leach Robert Elwell Mary Lea John West also spelled Lee Elizabeth Legg no record had grandchildren Susanna Marsh Thomas Rix [widow] Price no record unknown Agnes Redding no record had grandchildren Margaret Rogers No died 1678 Mary Sawyer no record had grown child Mary Smith no record had married child Jennett Starkweather no record had grown child Mary Tarbox No died 1690 [widow] Wallis no record had married child Mary Whittier John Knight [widow] Williams no record
Impact of water level change on wetland vegetation of rivers and lakes (2014)

水位是湿地生态水文过程的关键因素之一,其改变将影响湿地植被覆盖度和物种组成,最终产生群落演替.从水位梯度,水位波动和人工控湖、控河工程3方面论述水位变化对湿地植被的影响:由于对水位选择的不同及彼此竞争力的差异,湿地植物种沿水位具有梯度分布现象,同时形态可塑性能对其分布范围产生一定影响;水位波动的频率和淹没持续时间对于植被演替具有基础性的作用,水位波动幅度的影响则相对较小,周期性波动能维持以草本植物为主的湿地植被的物种多样性和稳定性,非周期性波动以洪水、干旱为主,易促进湿地植被向固定的水生或陆生方向演替;人工控湖、控河的影响在机理上并无特殊之处,但保证物种多样性和生态系统稳定性的各种缓解措施具有较高的参考价值.基于机理的量化模型,自然、人为因素驱动下水位变化对湿地植被影响的差别研究,模拟水位波动实验以及人工控湖、控河工程的跟踪观测将是今后该领域研究的热点.;Water level is one of the key factors of the eco-hydrological process in wetlands. The change of water level often results in variations in wetland vegetation coverage and species composition, and leads to community succession. This article summarized the impact of water level on wetland vegetation in three different aspects: water level gradient, water level fluctuations and artificial lake/river control projects. The results showed that: 1) Wetland species exhibited grade distribution along water level gradient mainly due to their distinct responses to water level and their different competitiveness. Meanwhile, morphological plasticity influenced the distribution range of individual species;2) The rate and duration of water level fluctuations, rather than depth, had important influence on vegetation succession;periodic water level fluctuations maintained the species diversity and ecological stability, however, a periodic water level fluctuations, mainly the flood and drought, were likely to cause vegetation succession from wetland ecosystems to terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems;3) Artificial lake/river control projects had the same impact with water level fluctuations in theory, however, the matching mitigation strategies provide valuable references for maintaining ecological diversity and stability. The potential aspects to be attached importance in the future of the research are as follows: quantitative models based on mechanisms, differentiating impacts caused by anthropogenic and natural driving factors, simulating the water level fluctuations in laboratories and the tracking attention on the long-term impact of artificial lake/river control projects.
The influence of combined additions of tin, cadmium, antimony and copper on the structure and properties of galvanized coatings (1961)

The structure and properties of laboratory-prepared galvanized coatings on steel sheet, as affected by combined additions of tin, cadmium, antimony and copper to iron-saturated zinc baths, have been investigated in a statistically- designed series of tests. It was found that the most important single factor affecting the thickness, metallographic structure, forming properties, surface appearance and storage-stain corrosion of the coatings was the aluminum content of the bath. The bath temperature and the time of immersion modified the behaviour of aluminum and were thus prominent secondary factors. Statistically, the influence of tin, cadmium, antimony and copper was minor to negligible, except with respect to surface appearance and storage-stain corrosion of the coatings.
Trust and Member Satisfaction in a Developing Virtual Organization (2013)

Previous research suggests that trust is an important antecedent to effective collaboration in virtual settings. The current research utilized survey data obtained from a developing virtual organization to examine the relationship between trust and satisfaction and the extent to which leadership contact factored into trust and satisfaction within the developing virtual organization. Additionally, previous experience with technology was proposed to moderate the relationship between leader contact and trust. Results indicated that contact with multiple leaders was positively related to perceptions of trust within the organization. Further, perceptions of trust were related to satisfaction with relationships within the organization. The proposed moderation was not supported. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Particle-size Measurements in a Micro-channel with Image Dynamic Light Scattering Method (2015)

Abstract Conventional dynamic light scattering (DLS) using a CCD camera as optical area detector (here we called Image Dynamic Light Scattering method, for the data acquired by images) has been developed successfully. We present a model experiment in a micro-channel to study flowing Brownian motion systems of polystyrene latex particles by using Image Dynamic Light Scattering method (IDLS). The modified correlation function proposed by Chowdhury et al, which is applied to the analysis of extracting the size and velocity of laminar flowing particulate dispersions, is used in the paper to obtain the particle size from the scattered light signals. The new method allows for much shorter measurement time compared to conventional DLS. As the inversion algorithm of polydisperse system is yet very complex, the measurement of the paper is for monodisperse polystyrene latex particles.
European Immunization Week 2015: 10th anniversary (2015)

Preview this article: European Immunization Week 2015: 10th anniversary, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/eurosurveillance/20/16/art21102-en-1.gif
Nanomechanical Cantilever Sensors as a Novel Tool for Real-Time Monitoring and Characterization of Surface Layer Formation (2010)

Nanomechanical cantilevers are small and thin, microfabricated silicon beams. They serve as extremely sensitive mechanical sensors, which transform processes occurring at their surface into a mechanical response. This unique signal transduction principle allows to measure surface stress occurring at the cantilever surface by monitoring the bending of the cantilever (static mode) while at the same time observing changes in the oscillation properties of the cantilever related to changes in mass load on the cantilever (dynamic mode). The suitability of nanomechanical cantilevers for chemical sensing, e.g., the extremely sensitive detection of heavy metals, and as biosensors, e.g., for DNA and protein detection, are well established. Arrays of cantilever sensors can be employed for the parallel detection of multiple molecules of interest. This publication will focus on more recent applications of cantilever sensors in surface and materials sciences using a commercially available cantilever sensor platform. Examples for the real-time monitoring of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation, the detection of cholesterol interaction with hydrophobic surface layers and the use of cantilever sensors to study layer-by-layer (LbL) build-up processes in real-time are presented.
A vector neural network for emitter identification (2002)

This paper proposes a three-layer vector neural network (VNN) with a supervised learning algorithm suitable for signal classification in general, and for emitter identification (EID) in particular. The VNN can accept interval-value input data as well as scalar input data. The input features of the EID problems include the radio frequency, pulse width, and pulse repetition interval of a received emitter signal. Since the values of these features vary in interval ranges in accordance with a specific radar emitter, the VNN is proposed to process interval-value data in the EID problem. In the training phase, the interval values of the three features are presented to the input nodes of VNN. A new vector-type backpropagation learning algorithm is derived from an error function defined by the VNN's actual output and the desired output indicating the correct emitter type of the corresponding feature intervals. The algorithm can tune the weights of VNN optimally to approximate the nonlinear mapping between a given training set of feature intervals and the corresponding set of desired emitter types. After training, the VNN can be used to identify the sensed scalar-value features from a real-time received emitter signal. A number of simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and identification capability of VNN, including the two-EID problem and the multi-EID problem with/without additive noise. The simulated results show that the proposed algorithm cannot only accelerate the convergence speed, but it can help avoid getting stuck in bad local minima and achieve higher classification rate.
Feedback min‐max model predictive control using a single linear program: robust stability and the explicit solution (2004)

Abstract In this paper we introduce a new stage cost and show that the use of this cost allows one to formulate a robustly stable feedback min–max model predictive control problem that can be solved using a single linear program. Furthermore, this is a multi‐parametric linear program, which implies that the optimal control law is piecewise affine and can be explicitly pre‐computed so that the linear program does not have to be solved on‐line. We assume that the plant model is known, is discrete‐time and linear time‐invariant, is subject to unknown but bounded state disturbances and that the states of the system are measured. Two numerical examples are presented; one of these is taken from the literature, so that a direct comparison of solutions and computational complexity with earlier proposals is possible. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sensors for electromagnetic pulse measurements both inside and away from nuclear source regions (1978)

For measuring transient electromagnetic fields and related quantities, one needs accurate broadband sensors with simple transfer functions. The various sensor designs developed to achieve this in an optimal manner are summarized. Such sensors are designed for use either in a "free space" environment (such as in an EMP simulator or on a system under test in such a simulator) or in a nuclear source region that includes local source current and perhaps conductivity. There are now numerous designs which have been iterated for improvements over the last decade.
How sensitive (second-generation) thyroglobulin measurement is changing paradigms for monitoring patients with differentiated thyroid cancer, in the absence or presence of thyroglobulin autoantibodies (2014)

The growing use of TgIMA measurement is changing paradigms for postoperative DTC monitoring. When TgAb is absent, it is optimal to monitor the basal TgIMA trend and doubling time (using the same method) in preference to recombinant human TSH-stimulated thyroglobulin testing. When TgAb is present, interference renders TgIMA testing unreliable and the trend in serum TgAb concentrations per se (same method) can serve as a (surrogate) tumor-marker.
Design realization and measurements of a high performance wide-band corrugated horn (2005)

We report on the design and realization of horn antennas required to achieve high performances with respect both to the return loss and the cross polarization level over a wide band.