gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast Cancer Stem Cells Identified by ALDH1 Expression Were Associated with Resistance to Sequential Paclitaxel and Epirubicin-Based Chemotherapy for Human Breast Cancers. (2009)

Abstract Background: Breast cancer stem cells have been demonstrated to be associated with resistance to chemotherapy in vitro, but their clinical significance has yet to be examined in human breast cancers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether breast cancer stem cells were clinically associated with chemo-resistance or not.Material and Methods: The subjects recruited for this study comprised 108 primary invasive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) consisting of sequential paclitaxel and epirubicin-based chemotherapy. Cancer stem cells were identified by immunohistochemical staining of CD44/CD24 or ALDH1 in tumor tissues obtained before and after NAC.Results: The pathological complete response (pCR) was achieved in 30 patients (27.8%) of the 108 patients treated with NAC. ALDH1 positive tumors were significantly associated with a low pCR rate (9.5% vs. 32.2%; P = 0.037), but there was no significant association between CD44+/CD24- tumor cell proportions and pCR rates. Changes in the proportion of CD44+/CD24- tumor cells or ALDH1 positive tumor cells before and after NAC were examined in 78 patients who did not achieve pCR. The proportion of ALDH1 positive tumor cells significantly increased (p&lt;0.001) after NAC, but no significant change was observed in the proportion of CD44+/CD24- tumor cells before and after NAC. In addition, we were able to show, by multivariate analysis, that tumors with negative ER, high Ki67, and negative ALDH1 were significantly more likely to achieve pCR.Discussion: Our findings suggest that breast cancer stem cells identified as ALDH1 positive, but not CD44+/CD24-, play a significant role in resistance to chemotherapy. ALDH1 positive tumor cells are likely to serve as a better marker for breast cancer stem cells than CD44+/CD24- tumor cells for the prediction of resistance to chemotherapy. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1084.
Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of [14C]-Volixibat in Healthy Men: Phase 1 Open-Label Study (2017)

Following oral administration, [<sup>14</sup>C]-volixibat was excreted unchanged from the parent compound almost exclusively via fecal excretion, indicating that the drug is minimally absorbed. Consistent with other studies, adverse events were primarily gastrointestinal in nature. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02571192.
A Binary-based MapReduce Analysis for Cloud Logs (2016)

Efficiently managing and analyzing cloud logs is a difficult and expensive task due the growth in size and variety of formats. In this paper, we propose a binary-based approach for frequency mining correlated attacks in log data. This approach is conceived to work using the MapReduce programming model. Initial experimental results are presented and they serve as the subject of a data mining algorithm to help us predict the likelihood of correlated attacks taking place.
Connective tissue growth factor expression and induction by transforming growth factor-β is abrogated by simvastatin via a Rho signaling mechanism (2004)

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), a potent profibrotic mediator, acts downstream and in concert with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta to drive fibrogenesis. Significant upregulation of CTGF has been reported in fibrogenic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and is partly responsible for associated excessive fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, but no effective therapy exists for averting such fibrogeneic events. Simvastatin has reported putative antifibrotic actions in renal fibroblasts; this study explores such actions on human IPF-derived and normal lung fibroblasts and examines associated driving mechanisms. Simvastatin reduces basal CTGF gene and protein expression in all fibroblast lines, overriding TGF-beta induction through inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Signaling pathways driving simvastatin's effects on CTGF/TGF-beta interaction were evaluated using transient reporter transfection of a CTGF promoter construct. Inhibition of CTGF promoter activity by simvastatin was most marked at 10 muM concentration, reducing activity by 76.2 and 51.8% over TGF-beta-stimulated cultures in IPF and normal fibroblasts, respectively. We also show that geranylgeranylpyrophosphate (GGPP), but not farnesylpyrophosphate, induces CTGF promoter activity following simvastatin inhibition by 55.3 and 31.1% over GGPP-negative cultures in IMR90 and IPF-derived fibroblasts, respectively, implicating small GTPase Rho involvement rather than Ras in these effects. Indeed, the specific Rho inhibitor C3 exotoxin significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed TGF-beta-induced CTGF promoter activity in transfected lung fibroblasts, a finding further supported by transfection of dominant-negative and constitutively active RhoA constructs, thus demonstrating that simvastatin through a Rho signaling mechanism in lung fibroblasts can modulate CTGF expression and interaction with TGF-beta.
Drive level slider-suspension vibration analysis and its application to a ramp-load magnetic disk drive (1995)

An experimental method employing a piezoelectric transducer and a dual channel laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) is presented, that is capable of vibration analysis of the slider-suspension assembly in a production disk drive with minor modification. We then apply this method to a ramp-load disk drive to investigate the radial acceleration effect on slider dynamics at the beginning of radial loading motion while the suspension arm moves along the ramp structure. The results show that the slider's motion in the roll and vertical directions are strongly coupled by the radial vibration of the suspension, and that the radial acceleration at the beginning of the radial loading motion has only negligible effect on the parameters determining slider-disk contact. These parameters are the pitch, roll and loading velocities of the slider at the establishment of the air bearing, and they can be measured by the LDV during the ramp loading process by fixing the actuator and actuating the disk drive.
Mesomorphic Order in Polymers with Side Groups Containing Elements of Mesogenic Structure (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMesomorphic Order in Polymers with Side Groups Containing Elements of Mesogenic StructureAlexandre BlumsteinCite this: Macromolecules 1977, 10, 4, 872–874Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60058a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60058a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The embedding of Arabic characters in QR code (2012)

Since the introduction of QR Codes in the 90's, many companies have developed QR Code generators and mobile applications to read QR Codes. Despite the obvious benefits of next-generation data transfers, they have yet to be widely accepted and practiced. One of the main reasons is the use of unique language characters such as Arabic characters, Japanese Kanji, Thai Abugida and so forth. An attempt at embedding Arabic characters into QR Code for example, will result in the character's Unicode representation to be automatically encoded and/or decoded by default, instead of the original alphabet as a result of a method called Romanization. Thus, the intended use of the generated code has been useless. It is also noted that Romanization causes each character to be encoded in its own unique codeword which devours more space than encoding it with codeword for character combinations. In order to help solve this problem, this paper proposes the use of an algorithm that compares each word from an Arabic input with an internal codeword library that will then select the shortest codeword possible for single character and two-character combinations to replace the default Unicode representation, which also serves as a space saving method that allows longer messages to be encoded in a single QR Code. In return, the same method is also used to properly decode the message.
Pay Attention!: Sluggish Multisensory Attentional Shifting as a Core Deficit in Developmental Dyslexia (2015)

The aim of this review is to provide a background on the neurocognitive aspects of the reading process and review neuroscientific studies of individuals with developmental dyslexia, which provide evidence for amodal processing deficits. Hari, Renvall, and Tanskanen (2001) propose amodal sluggish attentional shifting (SAS) as a causal factor for temporal processing deficits in dyslexia. Undergirding this theory is the notion that when dyslexics are faced with rapid sequences of stimuli, their automatic attentional systems fail to disengage efficiently, which leads to difficulty when moving from one item to the next (Lallier et al., ). This results in atypical perception of rapid stimulus sequences. Until recently, the SAS theory, particularly the examination of amodal attentional deficits, was studied solely through the use of behavioural measures (Facoetti et al., ; Facoetti, Lorusso, Cattaneo, Galli, & Molteni, ). This paper examines evidence within the literature that provides a basis for further exploration of amodal SAS as an underlying deficit in developmental dyslexia.
Linking countryside and city: The uses of “greenways” (1987)

AFTER some legal shenanigans—namely a court suit, recently dismissed, brought by a conservative political group that felt its views were ignored—the report of the President's Commission on Americans Outdoors is finally on its official way.

Admittedly, this is a tiny piece of news; the commission's report is not likely to be covered by MacNeil-Lehrer or drive the Iran-Contra scandal off the front pages. For starters, it turns out that, despite a lofty name, the political group that filed suit—an outfit called “Center for the Defense of Free Enterprise”—was really carrying water for a group of “inholders” in national parks and forests fretting about hanging on to their land. As for the report itself, there are no surprises here either because a bootleg version was published by Island Press when it appeared that the court suit would drag on. Anyway, the text, despite flashes of brilliance, suffers from an excess of group-write Much of it is a hard-to-follow mishmash of analysis, disjointed and often tedious quotations from witnesses at the commission's hearings, and exhortations to citizen action, such as, “Your agenda …
Pin margin analysis (2002)

A method and tool is described to increase test program standards and lower program maintenance cost through Pin Margin Analysis. Exposure of DUT and ATE characteristics during test program operation will lead to maximizing test margins.
Factors Governing Performance of Electron Guns in Television Cathode-Ray Tubes (1942)

On the basis of Langmuir's limiting-current-density relationship, it is shown that the useful beam current in a conventional television cathode-ray tube has an upper limit defined by e A2 I.= 1.13 ioE2-- tan2o where I<L>s</L> = the beam current; i<L>0</L> = the cathode-current density; E<L>2</L> = the second-anode voltage relative to the cathode; e = the electron charge; k = Boltzmann's constant; T = the absolute temperature of the cathode; A = the aperture of the final focusing system; N = the number of scanning lines; and, ϕ = the equivalent deflection angle. This result is derived for the case of an ideal electron gun with no defining apertures. In practice this upper limit of beam current is not attained because of aberrations and space-charge mutual repulsion effects.
Prevention of neural tube defects: results of the Medical Research Council Vitamin Study. MRC Vitamin Study Research Group. (1991)

A randomised double-blind prevention trial with a factorial design was conducted at 33 centres in seven countries to determine whether supplementation with folic acid (one of the vitamins in the B group) or a mixture of seven other vitamins (A,D,B1,B2,B6,C and nicotinamide) around the time of conception can prevent neural tube defects (anencephaly, spina bifida, encephalocele). A total of 1817 women at high risk of having a pregnancy with a neural tube defect, because of a previous affected pregnancy, were allocated at random to one of four groups--namely, folic acid, other vitamins, both, or neither. 1195 had a completed pregnancy in which the fetus or infant was known to have or not have a neural tube defect; 27 of these had a known neural tube defect, 6 in the folic acid groups and 21 in the two other groups, a 72% protective effect (relative risk 0.28, 95% confidence interval 0.12-0.71). The other vitamins showed no significant protective effect (relative risk 0.80, 95% Cl 0.32-1.72). There was no demonstrable harm from the folic acid supplementation, though the ability of the study to detect rare or slight adverse effects was limited. Folic acid supplementation starting before pregnancy can now be firmly recommended for all women who have had an affected pregnancy, and public health measures should be taken to ensure that the diet of all women who may bear children contains an adequate amount of folic acid.
Biased Resonance Circuits for Electrooptic Digital Deflectors (1966)

A number of circuits for electrooptic digital deflectors is presented. These circuits minimize power dissipation by utilizing the novel technique called biased resonance. This technique is based on the coincidence of zero points of a raised cosine and its derivative. Test results are reported for one circuit that operated at 2200 V, with a load capacitance of 200 pF, and at greater than 100 k baud rate. Dissipation for this breadboard model was 10 W. Other circuits are shown; their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Also discussed are some future switching device requirements.
End-To-End Chemistry (2014)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTEnd-To-End ChemistryView Author Information C&EN HoustonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2014, 92, 21, 13–21Publication Date (Print):May 26, 2014Publication History Published online31 March 2015Published inissue 26 May 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09221-coverhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09221-covernewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views13Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Manufacturing Get e-Alerts
Clinical differences between alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2014)

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are serious health problems worldwide. These two diseases have similar pathological spectra, ranging from simple hepatic steatosis to steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Although most subjects with excessive alcohol or food intake experience simple hepatic steatosis, a small percentage of individuals will develop progressive liver disease. Notably, both ALD and NAFLD are frequently accompanied by extrahepatic complications, including cardiovascular disease and malignancy. The survival of patients with ALD and NAFLD depends on various disease-associated conditions. This review delineates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with ALD and NAFLD by comparing their epidemiology, the factors associated with disease susceptibility and progression, and the predictors and characteristics of outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of the characteristics and outcomes of ALD and NAFLD is imperative in the management of these chronic liver diseases.
Tropical grassy weeds (1991)

Weeds are the cause of great losses to crop production in the tropics and grassy weeds present a particular problem because of their similarity to cereal crop plants. It is therefore difficult to devise control methods and management practices appropriate for such weeds. This book reviews our current knowledge of this subject and is the outcome of a workshop on integrated control of grassy weeds in tropical subsistence farming systems, held in Nairobi in February 1990. The workshop was organised by CASAFA (Commission on the Application of Science to Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture) of the International Council of Scientific Unions. The contents include a general review of grassy weeds, their physiology in tropical agriculture, management by biological and chemical control, integrated weed management, control in tropical cereals, in tropical grasslands and forage crops, in mixed crops and in upland rice, and overviews of grassy weeds in Kenya, the Phillipines and Australia.
Tracking systems for satellite communications (1988)

Satellites in nominally geostationary orbits possess diurnal motion which causes the apparent position of the spacecraft to wander in the sky as seen by an earth station. If uncompensated this causes a variation in the performance of the communications link. The motion of the satellite therefore has to be tracked by the earth station antenna. During the past twenty years or so a considerable amount of work has gone into the development of tracking schemes for satellite communication systems. Here a review of the various techniques is presented. For each method used the principle of operation is described and the various salient features extracted. Comparisons are made where appropriate and practical implementations of the systems discussed. The application of intelligent control algorithms to tracking is also considered. The areas covered include, orbit determination, optimal estimation techniques, performance, and practical implementations. Recently introduced techniques are considered and likely future developments projected.
국제무역의 구조적 변화와 신통상정책원리 (1999)

Besides launching the WTO system, development of high technology has altered the trade structure focused on merchandise to that on services. Concurrent trade in services made by internet speeds up economically borderless globalization as well as makes commerce at light speed possible. New regionalism leads pervasive regional economic blocs to shape broad commercial spheres. Intra-regional trade based on regional economic blocs has continued to increase. The structure of the division of labor in international trade has changed from vertical specialization to horizontal one. Since the 1980s, intra-regional divisions of labor have increased by regional cooperation, and international divisions of labor have been expedited by giant industrial firms and multinational corporations. These have made intra-industry trade enlarged. According to structural change in international trade, some theories have newly appeared. New theories of commercial policy make two premises: Competition in markets is imperfect, and firms and governments act strategically to affect trade flows and national welfare. One of new commercial policy principles is protectionism for preference of national advantage led by governments. Government intervention, managed trade and national welfare maximization are the main point of this principle. Another new commercial policy principle is liberalism for national competitive advantage based on globalization. The traditional theory of free trade stands on static comparative advantage made by hardware resources and perfect competition markets. But the new principle is dynamic competitive advantage centered on software resources and imperfect competition markets. The third principle is new regionalism. Commercial policy on it tends to both free trade and protectionism. That is, it pursues free intra-trade and multiple agreement on non-discriminal tariff reduction on the one hand, new protectionism against trade disputes between nations or regions on the other hand.
A possible role of adenylate cyclase in the longterm dietary regulation of insulin secretion from rat islets of Langerhans (1973)

1. Adenylate cyclase activity and patterns of insulin release in response to various concentrations of glucose were determined in islets of Langerhans isolated from starving, fed, or glucose-loaded rats. 2. Basal and glucagon-stimulated activities of adenylate cyclase were lower in islets from starved than from fed rats. The minimum glucose concentration required for stimulation of insulin secretion was higher, whereas the maximum secretory response to glucose was lower, in islets from starved than from fed rats. 3. Adenylate cyclase activity in islets of Langerhans obtained from fed rats loaded with glucose by intermittent intravenous or intraperitoneal injections over 5h was significantly higher than that seen in islets from normal fed rats. Islets obtained from glucose-loaded rats required a lower glucose concentration for stimulation of insulin secretion and attained a higher maximal response to glucose stimulation than those derived from fed rats. 4. Incubation in vitro of islets isolated from normal fed rats, for periods of 1 to 24h in the presence of high concentrations of glucose resulted in an activation of adenylate cyclase that occurred progressively from 2 to 7h and which was maintained during 24h of incubation. The increase of adenylate cyclase activity in isolated islets incubated for 4h in the presence of glucose was not prevented by addition of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. Galactose or 2-deoxyglucose was ineffective in increasing adenylate cyclase activity, and pyruvate (20mm) was less effective than glucose. 5. It is suggested that glucose or a glucose metabolite may exert long-term effects on islet cell adenylate cyclase.