gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of NaI(Tl) scintillators and high purity germanium for vehicle portal monitor applications (2005)

Radiation portal monitors are being deployed at international border crossings to detect illicit transport of radioactive material. Typically, vehicles which have a gamma-ray radiation signature above a certain gross-count threshold proceed through a more thorough inspection to locate and identify the source of radiation. Plastic scintillators (e.g., poly vinyl toluene (PVT)) are the most common gamma-ray detectors for portal monitors, mainly because of their relatively low cost for large-area, high-sensitivity detectors. Plastic scintillators provide gamma-ray detection, but limited spectroscopic information. Sodium iodide [NaI(Tl)] scintillator-based portal monitors can provide isotopic identification and may be useful where isotopic identification is needed. Recently, high purity germanium [HPGe]-based portal monitors have been evaluated since the increased resolution from HPGe can potentially provide isotopic identification more precisely and rapidly if deployed with adequate efficiency.
Field evaluation of industry's first self-protected, light-triggered thyristor (1990)

A description is given of the industry's first self-protected, light-triggered thyristor to be developed, fabricated, and field-demonstrated. This device is installed on a 13.8 kV, 40 MVAr AC switch using 16 series-connected devices operating in one phase of a static VAr compensator at the Minnesota Power Co.'s Shannon substation. The light-triggered thyristor was designed with internal overvoltage protection (safe turn-on at a preset overvoltage level) and with significantly improved dv/dt withstand characteristics. In the process, the AC switch in the static VAr compensator was redesigned to incorporate 16 instead of the originally installed 24 series-connected thyristors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Occupancy Grid Mapping in Urban Environments from a Moving On-Board Stereo-Vision System (2014)

Occupancy grid map is a popular tool for representing the surrounding environments of mobile robots/intelligent vehicles. Its applications can be dated back to the 1980s, when researchers utilized sonar or LiDAR to illustrate environments by occupancy grids. However, in the literature, research on vision-based occupancy grid mapping is scant. Furthermore, when moving in a real dynamic world, traditional occupancy grid mapping is required not only with the ability to detect occupied areas, but also with the capability to understand dynamic environments. The paper addresses this issue by presenting a stereo-vision-based framework to create a dynamic occupancy grid map, which is applied in an intelligent vehicle driving in an urban scenario. Besides representing the surroundings as occupancy grids, dynamic occupancy grid mapping could provide the motion information of the grids. The proposed framework consists of two components. The first is motion estimation for the moving vehicle itself and independent moving objects. The second is dynamic occupancy grid mapping, which is based on the estimated motion information and the dense disparity map. The main benefit of the proposed framework is the ability of mapping occupied areas and moving objects at the same time. This is very practical in real applications. The proposed method is evaluated using real data acquired by our intelligent vehicle platform "SeTCar" in urban environments.
SQLStor: Blockage of stored procedure SQL injection attack using dynamic query structure validation (2012)

Web applications are becoming an important part of our daily life. So attacks against them also increases rapidly. Of these attacks, a major role is held by SQL injection attacks (SQLIA). This paper proposes a new method for preventing SQL injection attacks in JSP web applications. The basic idea is to check before execution, the intended structure of the SQL query. For this we use semantic comparison. This method prevents different kinds of injection attacks including stored procedure attack which is more difficult and less considered in the literature.
Reviews (1972)

Journal Article Reviews Get access Methoden der Phylogenetik. Symposium von 12. bis 13. Februar 1970 im I. Zoologischen Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg. — Rolf Siewing (ed.) Erlanger Forschungen, B Reihe, Naturwisesenschaften, Band 4. 1971. 88 pp. Price DM 16 (about $5.00 U.S.; copies may be purchased directly from Universitätsbibliotck Erlangen, D-8520 Erlangen, Unversit$tsstrasse 4, West Genmany). Gareth J. Nelson Gareth J. Nelson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Systematic Biology, Volume 21, Issue 4, December 1972, Page 451, https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/21.4.451 Published: 01 December 1972
Activated nitriles in heterocyclic synthesis. Part III. Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐amino‐2‐pyridone, pyranopyrazole and thiazolopyridine derivatives (1984)

Abstract The reaction of 2‐cyanoethanoic acid hydrazide and arylidenemalononitrile was studied as a new route for the synthesis of N ‐amino‐2‐pyridones. Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole and thiazolo[2,3‐ a ]pyridine could be prepared from the reaction of arylideneazolones with the same reagent.
Seven-hour stabilization of 99Tcm-exametazime (HMPAO) for cerebral perfusion (1998)

The objective of this study was to increase the stability of 99Tcm-exametazime and to investigate the effects of relaxing the eluate restrictions imposed by the manufacturer. We added 1800 MBq freshly eluted pertechnetate to 0.5 ml aliquots of stannous-enhanced exametazime followed by the addition of 0.7 mg gentisic acid and 0.5 ml sterile absolute alcohol BP. The radiochemical purity as measured by thin-layer chromatography was maintained at over 80% (range 88-99%, n = 40) for up to 7 h after preparation. High-performance liquid chromatography confirmed that the primary complex was maintained at over 80% (ranges 89-92%) for up to 7 h. In a second series of studies using the first eluate from a newly delivered generator to prepare 99Tcm-exametazime, a radiochemical purity of more than 80% was achieved for up to 7 h (range 88-95%, n = 24). In a third series using a 3-hour-old generator eluate, a radiochemical purity of more than 80% (range 88-93%, n = 18) was achieved for up to 5 h (for logistic reasons, we were unable to continue readings beyond 5 h). These results suggest that the manufacturer's restrictions on the eluate may be relaxed. Clinical validation was performed in a blinded study of 21 patients using single photon emission tomography. Image quality was assessed on the basis of salivary activity, nasal activity and the overall (global) image quality. There was no significant difference between the images obtained using the stabilized exametazime and exametazime prepared without gentisic acid and ethanol (chi 2 = 2.85, P = 0.05). We conclude that stabilization of 99Tcm-exametazime can be achieved for up to 7 h by using gentisic acid and alcohol and that the eluate restrictions may be disregarded.
Adaptive receivers for removing linear and nonlinear intersymbol interference by mean of time delay neural nets (AR-TDNN) (2003)

A review is presented of several classical equalizers for data transmission, showing that they are special cases of a general time-delay neural net (TDNN). It is shown that the solution to the deconvolution problem for many transmission channel types, including linear and nonlinear distortions, can be solved by means of TDNN. Alternatively, TDNN can be seen as a generalization of currently used equalizers and as tools for discovering new ones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of metallic thin films grown on vicinal [111] and [100] Si surfaces (1999)

Magnetic anisotropy of Co and NiFe thin films was investigated on 9 degree off Si(100) and 4 degree off Si(111) surfaces and compared. Both films showed in-plane uniaxial anisotropy on the two vicinal surfaces, but the directions of easy axis were so different that Co thin films showed the same easy axis on the two vicinal surfaces along the surface step direction, and NiFe thin films exhibited an easy axis along the steps on the 9 degree off Si(100) surfaces but perpendicular to the step direction in the film plane on 4 degree off Si(111) surfaces. From X-ray pole figure patterns, magnetoelastic effects rather than magnetocrystalline are thought to play a key role in the uniaxial magnetic anisotropy of Co and NiFe thin films on vicinal surfaces. Also, various R-H curves of NiFe/Cu/Co spin valves on the two vicinal surfaces are believed to increase the potential of vicinal substrates for industrial applications.
A Fast Multichannel Analog Storage System (1983)

A Multichannel Analog Storage System based on a commercial 32-channel parallel in/serial out (PISO) analog shift register is described. The basic unit is a single width CAMAC module containing 512 analog cells and the associated logic for data storage and subsequent readout. At sampling rates of up to 30 MHz the signals are strobed directly into the PISO. At higher rates signals are strobed into a fast presampling stage and subsequently transferred in block form into an array of PISO's. Sampling rates of 300 MHz have been achieved with the present device and 1000 MHz are possible with improved signal drivers. The system is well suited for simultaneous handling of many signal channels with moderate numbers of samples in each channel. RMS noise over full scale signal has been measured as 1:3000 (≈11 bit). However, nonlinearities in the response and differences in sensitivity of the analog cells require an elaborate calibration system in order to realize 11 bit accuracy for the analog information.
Application of laser plasma in propulsion (2008)

In laser plasma propulsion, laser interaction with multilayer target is investigated. The first layer of the target of fluid water, rigid glass, flexible polyimide as well as polyimide are tested It is found that the coupling coefficient of water confinement is higher and it is enhanced two orders compared with direct ablation. Through calculation the ablation pressure, higher coupling coefficient is attribute to the plasma confinement and impedance mismatch. Furthermore, the images of the polymers after ablation are observed.
60GHz 2&#x00D7;4 low temperature co-fired ceramic cavity backed array Antenna (2009)

In this paper, an LTCC cavity backed array antenna in order to improve the radiation efficiency and bandwidth is proposed. LTCC cavity consists of several ground planes and dielectric layers with closely spaced metallic vias connected. It is shown that the size of an LTCC cavity has the effects on the performances of radiation and bandwidth for the antenna. This design is applied to Ferro A6 LTCC substrate. Typical properties of that substrate are the permittivity of 5.9, a loss tangent of 0.002 at 60GHz and one layer thickness of 100 mum.
A pyridazine Schiff-base macrocycle hosts a dicobalt centre in five different redox states: evidence for a mixed valent CoICoII species (1998)

Electrochemical studies of [CoII2L(MeCN)4][ClO4]4 1, the first structurally characterised dicobalt complex to be bridged by pyridazine units, reveal two one-electron reductions as well as two one-electron oxidations at high potentials; one-electron reduction generates a mixed valent CoICoII species which exhibits an intervalence charge transfer band at 965 nm.
A solution to block Cross Site Scripting Vulnerabilities based on Service Oriented Architecture (2007)

Research data shows that, about 80% of the web applications are vulnerable to cross site scripting attacks. This is because of the fact that the users are allowed to enter tags in the input control for increasing the flexibility in handling web applications input. This increases the threat to the web application by allowing the hackers to plant worms in the web applications through the features like tags. Further, there are billions of web pages that are developed in different languages like PHP, ASP, JSP, HTML, CGI- PERL, .Net etc. There is no single solution available that can be applied for the web application to prevent XSS that are developed in different languages and deployed in different platforms. This paper presents a new solution to block cross site scripting (XSS) attacks that is independent of the languages in which the web applications are developed and addresses XSS vulnerabilities arise from other interfaces. The solution is modularized, configured, and developed in .Net, XML and XSD. This approach is evaluated in a web application developed in JSP/Servlets deployed in JBOSS application server and is found effective as it provides the flexibility to be used across languages with a very minimal configuration to prevent XSS.
International mathematics and science study shows mixed results for Australia (2009)

This article outlines the key findings from the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study 2007 and identifies some areas where Australia could do better. With more than 60 participating countries and 425,000 students assessed, TIMSS 2007 also was the largest study of student maths and science achievement in the world. In Australia, a nationally representative sample of more than 8,000 students in 457 schools participated in the main sample of the TIMSS assessments in late 2006. In addition, an extra sample of Indigenous students in all participating schools was collected to provide a more detailed examination of the achievements of Australia’s Indigenous students. The release of findings from each cycle of TIMSS is eagerly anticipated and the release of the Australian national report by ACER in December 2008 was no exception. The results show that while Australian students’ results in Year 4 mathematics improved since 2003, achievement levels remained essentially static in Year 8 mathematics and Year 4 science, and declined significantly in Year 8 science.
DIFFERENCES IN ACCESS TO EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE TRAINING AMONG HEALTH PROFESSIONALS (2003)

Research aims: To determine the availability of externally delivered awards and topics in evidence based practice to health professionals. Method: Cross-sectional survey of health related awards offered externally within the Australian tertiary education system. Major findings: Of the awards found to have content matter in evidence based practice which are offered externally, partially externally, or via the Internet, 76.1% are accessible by nurses, 23.9% midwives, 17.4% other health, 6.5% physiotherapists, and only 8.7% are accessible to general or medical practitioners. Conclusions: Students of nursing and midwifery have greater access to externally delivered evidence based practice awards and topics at the graduate level than students in other health professions. This may correspond to greater advocacy and adoption of evidence based practice within these groups.
Classes and mixins (1998)

While class-based object-oriented programming languages provide a flexible mechanism for re-using and managing related pieces of code, they typically lack linguistic facilities for specifying a uniform extension of many classes with one set of fields and methods. As a result, programmers are unable to express certain abstractions over classes.In this paper we develop a model of class-to-class functions that we refer to as mixins. A mixin function maps a class to an extended class by adding or overriding fields and methods. Programming with mixins is similar to programming with single inheritance classes, but mixins more directly encourage programming to interfaces.The paper develops these ideas within the context of Java. The results are 1. an intuitive model of an essential Java subset; 2. an extension that explains and models mixins; and 3. type soundness theorems for these languages.
Characteristic modes for dielectric and magnetic bodies (1972)

A theory of characteristic modes for material bodies, both with and without losses, is developed. For loss-free bodies, the modes consist of a set of real characteristic sources which diagonalize the generalized network matrix for the body, and a set of characteristic fields which diagonalize the scattering matrix. Most of the properties of these modes remain the same as those of the corresponding modes for perfectly conducting bodies. For lossy bodies, the corresponding modes have complex characteristic sources. However, in the lossy case there also exists a set of real characteristic sources which diagonalize the generalized network matrix, but their fields do not diagonalize the scattering matrix.
Eco-Displays: The Color LCD's Without Color Filters and Polarizers (2011)

The higher and higher power consumption of LCD-TVs is accompanied by an increase in panel size. By eliminating two of the most power hungry optical components: color filters and polarizers, the stencil-field-sequential-color (Stencil-FSC) with RGBW-LED backlight is applied to LCDs with 120-240 Hz field rates to not only efficiently suppress color breakup but also yield an ultra-low average power consumption. The optical power consumption can be reduced to 13% compared to that of current FSC-LCDs. As a result, a 42-in LCD-TV may only require 9 W optical power consumption.
IGOD: Identification of geolocation of cloud datacenters (2015)

We introduce a novel algorithm called IGOD to identify the geolocation of the cloud datacenter which also works for geo locating internet nodes. IGOD efficiently geo locate any target datacenter as accurately as possible and is highly cost-effective. It provides audit control and assurance against the cloud storage providers who may relocate customer's data. We used PlanetLab for our data collection. We compared our approach to the earlier approaches that used Ping delay to predict the geolocation of a target. We claim that IGOD is highly cost-effective.
The hemophagocytic syndrome/macrophage activation syndrome: a final common pathway of a cytokine storm. (2009)

agents. Malignancies and especially lymphomas can be associated with reactive HPS. The prevalence of HPS is difficult to estimate due to its rarity. A special form of HPS develops in association with autoimmune diseases and is termed macrophage-activation syndrome. MAS occurs most commonly in the setting of systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, adult Still's disease and Sjogren syndrome, but occurrence with other autoimmune diseases such as systemic sclerosis and vasculitis has been reported [1]. The prevalence of MAS in one report was 3% [1]. Mortality due to MAS or HPS associated with autoimmune diseases is significantly high, 38.5%, according to a recent French multicenter study [2]. Clinically, HPS is characterized by persistent fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia. Typical laboratory abnormalities include elevated levels of liver transminases, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin and triglycerides, but low levels of fibrinogen. The active phase of the disease is characterized by increased levels of the α-chain of the soluble interleukin-2R (sCD25), which makes it a valuable marker for diagnosis [3] as well as for prognosis since increased levels correlate with increased mortality [4]. Impairment or absence of NK and cytotoxic T cell activity has also been demonstrated [5]. The clinical picture and laboratory manifestations result from increased levels of inflammatory cytokines secreted
Micromagnetics of perpendicular write heads with extremely small pole tip dimensions (2002)

A three-dimensional micromagnetic model has been developed to study single pole write heads with soft magnetic underlayer (SUL) for perpendicular recording at extremely small track widths. The study points out that at any practical ABS-to-SUL spacing, the maximum head field within the recording media at deep submicron track width and pole-tip thickness becomes significantly smaller than the ideal value of 4πMs. Head field gradient in the medium also degrades with decreasing track width. Maintaining the conventional design, a significantly large remanent head field develops for track width below 100 nm, presenting danger of erasing previously recorded bits. The origin of the large remanent head field is the failure for a pole tip to reach a completely demagnetized state due to the overwhelming ferromagnetic exchange energy at the deep submicron pole-tip dimensions.
MINERALOGY AND CHEMISTRY OF TONSTEINS FROM CARBONIFEROUS SEQUENCES IN GREAT BRITAIN (1969)

SUMMARY Tonsteins from Westphalian Coal Measures in England are compared mineralogically and chemically with tonsteins of volcanic origin from coalbearing sequences of Namurian and Westphalian age in Scotland. Differences are apparent between tonsteins occurring as partings within coals (“coal tonsteins”) and those interbedded with inter‐seam sedimentary rocks (“non‐coal tonsteins”). The coal tonsteins show higher titanium values and in some cases contain minerals of the goyazite series. Sedimentological, mineralogical and chemical evidence is reviewed and the conclusion reached that all tonsteins examined could have originated as thin layers of volcanic ash. Subsequent alteration depended upon the environment of deposition into which the ash fell.
Natural products as antifouling compounds: recent progress and future perspectives (2009)

Since early 2008, an increasing number of countries have ratified an international treaty to ban the application of antifouling (AF) coatings based on organotin compounds (eg tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin). As a result, the demand for environmentally friendly, non-toxic or low-toxicity AF compounds and technologies (green AF agents) has become an urgent reality. Marine coatings based on Cu2O and various other biocides have a negative impact on the environment and they must eventually be replaced by new, effective, and environmentally friendly AF compounds. This mini-review describes important AF compounds discovered from a variety of organisms from 2004 until mid 2009, and discusses recent and general trends in the discovery of AF compounds. Finally, a perspective on the future of AF compound development is presented. The discussion is aimed at updating scientists and engineers on the current challenges facing AF research.
Use of Fatty Acid RPMI 1640 Media for Testing Susceptibilities of Eight <i>Malassezia</i> Species to the New Triazole Posaconazole and to Six Established Antifungal Agents by a Modified NCCLS M27-A2 Microdilution Method and Etest (2004)

A novel formulation of RPMI 1640 medium for susceptibility testing of Malassezia yeasts by broth microdilution (BMD) and Etest is proposed. A modification of the NCCLS M27-A2 BMD method was used to test 53 isolates of Malassezia furfur (12 isolates), M. sympodialis (8 isolates), M. slooffiae (4 isolates), M. globosa (22 isolates), M. obtusa (2 isolates), M. restricta (2 isolates), M. pachydermatis (1 isolates), and M. dermatis (2 isolates) against amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, voriconazole, terbinafine, and posaconazole by BMD and Etest. RPMI and antibiotic medium 3 (AM3) were supplemented with glucose, bile salts, a mixture of fatty acids, and n-octadecanoate fatty acids and Tween 20. M. furfur ATCC 14521 and M. globosa ATCC 96807 were used as quality control strains. Depending on the species, MICs were read after 48 or 72 h of incubation at 32 degrees C. Low azole and terbinafine MICs were recorded for all Malassezia species, whereas amphotericin B displayed higher MICs (>/=16 microg/ml) against M. furfur, M. restricta, M. globosa, and M. slooffiae strains, which were AM3 confirmed. Agreement of the two methods was 84 to 97%, and intraclass correlation coefficients were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Because of higher amphotericin B MICs provided by Etest for strains also displaying high BMD MICs (>/=1 microg/ml), agreement was poorer. The proposed media are used for the first time and can support optimum growth of eight Malassezia species for recording concordant BMD and Etest MICs.