gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmons and the spectral function of graphene (2008)

We report a theoretical study of the influence of electron-electron interactions on the one-particle Green's function of a doped graphene sheet based on the random-phase approximation and on graphene's massless Dirac equation continuum model. We find that states near the Dirac point interact strongly with plasmons with a characteristic frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{pl}}^{\ensuremath{\star}}$ that scales with the sheet's Fermi energy and depends on its interaction coupling constant ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\mathrm{gr}}$, partially explaining prominent features of recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy data.
Averaging Weights Leads to Wider Optima and Better Generalization (2018)

Deep neural networks are typically trained by optimizing a loss function with an SGD variant, in conjunction with a decaying learning rate, until convergence. We show that simple averaging of multiple points along the trajectory of SGD, with a cyclical or constant learning rate, leads to better generalization than conventional training. We also show that this Stochastic Weight Averaging (SWA) procedure finds much flatter solutions than SGD, and approximates the recent Fast Geometric Ensembling (FGE) approach with a single model. Using SWA we achieve notable improvement in test accuracy over conventional SGD training on a range of state-of-the-art residual networks, PyramidNets, DenseNets, and Shake-Shake networks on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, and ImageNet. In short, SWA is extremely easy to implement, improves generalization, and has almost no computational overhead.
Assessment of disorder predictions in CASP7 (2007)

Intrinsically unstructured regions in proteins have been associated with numerous important biological cellular functions. As measuring native disorder experimentally is technically challenging, computational methods for prediction of disordered regions in a protein have gained much interest in recent years. As part of the seventh Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP7), we have assessed 19 methods for disorder prediction based on their results for 96 target proteins. Prediction accuracy was assessed using detailed numerical comparison between the predicted disorder and the experimental structures. On average, methods participating in CASP7 have improved accuracy in comparison to the previous assessment in CASP6. Overall, however, no improvement over the best methods in CASP6 was observed in CASP7. Significant differences between different prediction methods were identified with regard to their sensitivity and specificity in correctly predicting ordered and disordered residues based on a protein target sequence, which is of relevance for practical applications of these computational tools.
Zfra activates memory Hyal-2+ CD3− CD19− spleen cells to block cancer growth, stemness, and metastasis<i>in vivo</i> (2015)

Zfra is a 31-amino-acid zinc finger-like protein, which participates in the tumor necrosis factor signaling. Here, we determined that when nude mice and BALB/c mice were pre-injected with nanogram levels of a synthetic Zfra1-31 or truncated Zfra4-10 peptide via tail veins, these mice became resistant to the growth, metastasis and stemness of melanoma cells, and many malignant cancer cells. The synthetic peptides underwent self-polymerization in phosphate-buffered saline. Alteration of the Ser8 phosphorylation site to Gly8 abolished Zfra aggregation and its-mediated cancer suppression in vivo. Injected Zfra peptide autofluoresced due to polymerization and was trapped mainly in the spleen. Transfer of Zfra-stimulated spleen cells to naïve mice conferred resistance to cancer growth. Zfra-binding cells, designated Hyal-2+ CD3- CD19- Z cells, are approximately 25-30% in the normal spleen, but are significantly downregulated (near 0-3%) in tumor-growing mice. Zfra prevented the loss of Z cells caused by tumors. In vitro stimulation or education of naïve spleen cells with Zfra allowed generation of activated Z cells to confer a memory anticancer response in naïve or cancer-growing mice. In particular, Z cells are abundant in nude and NOD-SCID mice, and can be readily activated by Zfra to mount against cancer growth.
Chess (1976)

article Free Access Share on Chess Author: Lee Erman Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGART BulletinIssue 60November 1976 pp 12–14https://doi.org/10.1145/1045276.1045279Published:01 November 1976Publication History 0citation98DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads98Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Some Problems Involved in Seldomycin Fermentation (1978)

Improvement of seldomycin factor 5 (SLD-5) fermentation with Streptomyces hofunensis nov. sp. (MK88, ATCC21970) was attempted both by alteration of cultural conditions and by mutation. SLD-5 production by strain MK88 was dependent on the presence of BactoPeptone in the fermentation medium. Mutant strains which were resistant to α-amino-β-hydroxyvaleric acid (a threonine analogue) were able to produce SLD-5 on media in which the Bacto-Peptone was replaced by a less expensive nitrogen source. Development of a chemically defined medium for SLD-5 production showed that vitamin B12 stimulated SLD-5 synthesis, while low concentrations of CuSO4. 5H2O inhibited SLD-5 production greatly without any inhibitory effect on cell growth. Two actinophages active on MK88 were isolated from soil samples. Mutants resistant to one of the phages which is specific for MK88 became asporogenous but did not show any appreciable change in SLD-5 production.
Study of the Origin of the Hindered Rotation of an Aryl Ring in Chromium Aminocarbene Complexes Bearing an Aromatic Ring Attached to the Carbene Carbon Atom (2006)

The substituted chromium aminocarbene complexes cis-tetracarbonyl[(η2-N-allyl-N-allylamino)(4-X-phenyl)carbene]chromium(0) (X = MeO, Me, H, Cl, CO2Me, CF3) were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding N,N-diallylamides with Na2Cr(CO)5 and Me3SiCl. Using dynamic NMR, the rotational barrier of the aryl ring in these complexes was established. The obtained values are higher for the complexes bearing electron acceptors compared to those bearing donor substituents and correspond with the Hammett equation. This indicates that the restricted rotation of aryl ring in the chromium aminocarbene complexes is a balance between steric and conjugation effects; while the former increases the barrier, the latter decreases it by stabilizing the transition state of the rotation. This finding is compatible with the fact that in the related cis-tetracarbonyl[(N-alkyl-η2-N-allylamino)(phenyl)carbene]chromium(0) complexes (alkyl = Me, Et, i-Pr) the rotational barrier grows steadily with the growing steric demand of the substituent. The introduction of the methyl group to the ortho position of the aryl ring resulted in an increase of the rotational barrier above 76 kJ mol-1 even for the N-Me derivative.
Efficacy of Arabica Versus Robusta Coffee in Improving Weight, Insulin Resistance, and Liver Steatosis in a Rat Model of Type-2 Diabetes (2019)

The effects of chronic coffee exposure in models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) models is scarcely studied, and the efficacy of the main coffee species has never been compared. We tested the hypothesis that long-term consumption of arabica and robusta coffee may differentially delay and affect T2D development in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Three study groups received either chow mixed with arabica or robusta instant coffee (1.8% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) or unsupplemented chow food for 10 weeks. Both coffee species reduced liver triglyceride content and area under the curve of fasting and postprandial insulin. At study end, plasma adiponectin, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein levels were higher in the robust group compared with both arabica and control groups. The liver gene expression of Glucose-6-phosphatase, catalytic subunit (G6pc) and Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in robusta and Cpt1a in both coffee groups was downregulated. In conclusion, long-term consumption of both coffee species reduced weight gain and liver steatosis and improved insulin sensitivity in a rat model of T2D. Robusta coffee was seemingly superior to arabica coffee with respect to effects on lipid profile, adiponectin level and hepatic gene expression.
Graphene in Photocatalysis: A Review (2016)

In recent years, heterogeneous photocatalysis has received much research interest because of its powerful potential applications in tackling many important energy and environmental challenges at a global level in an economically sustainable manner. Due to their unique optical, electrical, and physicochemical properties, various 2D graphene nanosheets-supported semiconductor composite photocatalysts have been widely constructed and applied in different photocatalytic fields. In this review, fundamental mechanisms of heterogeneous photocatalysis, including thermodynamic and kinetics requirements, are first systematically summarized. Then, the photocatalysis-related properties of graphene and its derivatives, and design rules and synthesis methods of graphene-based composites are highlighted. Importantly, different design strategies, including doping and sensitization of semiconductors by graphene, improving electrical conductivity of graphene, increasing eloectrocatalytic active sites on graphene, strengthening interface coupling between semiconductors and graphene, fabricating micro/nano architectures, constructing multi-junction nanocomposites, enhancing photostability of semiconductors, and utilizing the synergistic effect of various modification strategies, are thoroughly summarized. The important applications including photocatalytic pollutant degradation, H<sub>2</sub> production, and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction are also addressed. Through reviewing the significant advances on this topic, it may provide new opportunities for designing highly efficient 2D graphene-based photocatalysts for various applications in photocatalysis and other fields, such as solar cells, thermal catalysis, separation, and purification.
Optical glass wave plates (1982)

Permanent birefringence in excess of 300 nm/cm can be thermomechanically induced in the borosilicate optical glass ARG-2, making it an attractive alternative to natural crystalline quartz and mica for large-aperture wave-plate requirements in laser systems investigating inertial confinement fusion. The technique for fabricating glass wave plates is presented, including a detailed optical characterization of the uniformity of birefringence induced in glass plates. A comparison with other natural and synthetic candidate materials is made, and production scale-up problems are discussed.
ICSBP/IRF-8 inhibits mitogenic activity of p210 Bcr/Abl in differentiating myeloid progenitor cells (2003)

Interferon consensus sequence binding protein/interferon regulatory factor 8 (ICSBP/IRF-8) is a transcription factor that controls myeloid cell development. ICSBP-/- mice develop a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)-like syndrome. Several observations on patients and mouse models have implicated ICSBP in the pathogenesis of CML. In this paper, we investigated whether ICSBP modulates the growth-promoting activity of Bcr/Abl, the causal oncoprotein for CML. When transformed with p210 Bcr/Abl, ICSBP-/- myeloid progenitor cells lost growth factor dependence and grew in the absence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. When ICSBP was ectopically expressed, Bcr/Abl-transformed cells underwent complete growth arrest and differentiated into mature, functional macrophages without inhibiting the kinase activity of Bcr/Abl. Providing a mechanistic basis for the growth arrest, ICSBP markedly repressed c-Myc messenger RNA (mRNA)-expression, a downstream target of Bcr/Abl. A further analysis with the ICSBP/estrogen receptor chimera showed that ICSBP repression of c-Myc is indirect and is mediated by another gene(s). We identified Blimp-1 and METS/PE1, potent c-Myc repressors, as direct targets of ICSBP activated in these cells. Consistent with this, ectopic Blimp-1 repressed c-Myc expression and inhibited cell growth. These results indicate that ICSBP inhibits growth of Bcr/Abl-transformed myeloid progenitor cells by activating several genes that interfere with the c-Myc pathway.
Absorption and retention of polydimethylsiloxanes (silicones) in fish: Preliminary experiments† (1984)

Hydrophobicity and bioaccumulation potential of linear and cyclic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) oligomers were estimated by reversed‐phase liquid chromatography and feeding experiments with guppies (Poecilia reticulata). PDMS concentrations in fish were determined by capillary column gas chromatography and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. In contrast to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), only very small amounts of PDMS were retained by the fish after six weeks feeding.
Measurement of the Differential Cross Section for the Reaction<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mi>n</mml:mi><mml:mo>→</mml:mo><mml:msup><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>from Deuterium (2009)

We report a measurement of the differential cross section for the gamman-->pi- p process from the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory in Hall B for photon energies between 1.0 and 3.5 GeV and pion center-of-mass (c.m.) angles (thetac.m.) between 50 degrees and 115 degrees. We confirm a previous indication of a broad enhancement around a c.m. energy ([sqrt]s) of 2.1 GeV at thetac.m.=90 degrees in the scaled differential cross section s7dsigma/dt and a rapid falloff in a center-of-mass energy region of about 400 MeV following the enhancement. Our data show an angular dependence of this enhancement as the suggested scaling region is approached for thetac.m. from 70 degrees to 105 degrees.
Cells under pressure – the relationship between hydrostatic pressure and mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis (2019)

Early osteoarthritis (OA), characterised by cartilage defects, is a degenerative disease that greatly affects the adult population. Cell-based tissue engineering methods are being explored as a solution for the treatment of these chondral defects. Chondrocytes are already in clinical use but other cell types with chondrogenic properties, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), are being researched. However, present methods for differentiating these cells into stable articular-cartilage chondrocytes that contribute to joint regeneration are not effective, despite extensive investigation. Environmental stimuli, such as mechanical forces, influence chondrogenic response and are beneficial with respect to matrix formation. In vivo, the cartilage is subjected to multiaxial loading involving compressive, tensile, shear and fluid flow and cellular response. Tissue formation mechanobiology is being intensively studied in the cartilage tissue-engineering research field. The study of the effects of hydrostatic pressure on cartilage formation belongs to the large area of mechanobiology. During cartilage loading, interstitial fluid is pressurised and the surrounding matrix delays pressure loss by reducing fluid flow rate from pressurised regions. This fluid pressurisation is known as hydrostatic pressure, where a uniform stress around the cell occurs without cellular deformation. In vitro studies, examining chondrocytes under hydrostatic pressure, have described its anabolic effect and similar studies have evaluated the effect of hydrostatic pressure on MSC chondrogenesis. The present review summarises the results of these studies and discusses the mechanisms through which hydrostatic pressure exerts its effects.
SU‐FF‐T‐135: Commissioning of Multi‐Leaf Collimator for Fast Neutron Therapy (2006)

Purpose: To collect and analyze data required for modeling of d(48.5)+Be fast neutron beam and shaped by newly installed multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) replacing previously used multi‐rod collimator (MRC). Method and Materials: The MLC is of semi‐focused design and consists of 60 leaf pairs operated under vision control. The leaf ends are straight, while the sides of the leaves are tapered to match the beam divergence and project 5 mm at isocenter plane. The leaf thickness is 300 mm of steel, and the MLC is the primary beam shaping device. The measurements along the central axis as well as lateral profiles were done in a water phantom. In the build‐up region the central axis depth dose curves were combined with data obtained from the measurements using thin window extrapolation ionization chamber. The output factors were defined at 0.9 cm depth in phantom and in free air by means of small volume Tissue Equivalent (TE) ionization chamber and miniature pin diode. In addition TE/Mg(Ag) paired ionization chambers were used to separate the neutron and gamma components in phantom as well as in free air. Results: No significant variations of the central axis depth doses were observed compared to MRC. Penumbra measured between tapered leaf sides was smaller than penumbra measured between straight leaf ends. The differences were largest at shallow depths and for large field sizes: 7 mm for 25 × 25 cm 2 field decreasing to less than1 mm for fields smaller than 15 × 15 cm 2 . Linear relationship between the actual leaf end position and field size was observed. The gamma component at 0.9 cm depth in phantom increased with the field size from 1.5% to 3% and from 0.4% to 0.74% in air. Conclusion: A set of beam data measured for neutron MLC was used in beam modeling.
Biosynthesis and Secretion of Rat Salivary Proteins by Xenopus laevis Oocytes (1991)

Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with poly (A+) RNA isolated from rat parotid and submandibular glands synthesize and secrete salivary proteins. Amylase was identified in the media of cultured oocytes injected with rat parotid mRNA by size and immunoprecipitation with anti-human amylase serum. Secretion of the salivary proteins was detectable in the medium eight h following the parotid mRNA injection and continued in a time-dependent fashion for up to 96 h. In contrast to rat parotid slices in culture, which demonstrate a regulated pathway of secretion highly responsive to the secretagogue isoproterenol, secretion of salivary proteins by oocytes did not respond to the stimulation by isoproterenol. Though parotid mRNA is presumed to contain the templates encoding the regulated pathway of secretion, reconstitution of this pathway of secretion in oocytes was not observed in our experiments. Since Xenopus laevis oocytes secrete constitutively significant amounts of proteins when injected with salivary gland mRNA, they are a useful biological system for the analysis of secretion, processing, and function of salivary proteins.
[Calcified aortic valve stenosis in adults. Analysis of supra- and infra-hissian conduction disorders]. (1989)

The association of intraventricular or atrio-ventricular conductive disorders with a calcified aortic stenosis, is a classical notion demonstrated by the close anatomical relationships between aortic valve and conduction pathways. These conductive disorders have been, for quite some time, analyzed on standard electrocardiograms, but, since a few years, the recording of the bundle of His potential has become the technique of choice. However, studies regarding this subject are few, based on very small and sometimes heterogeneous groups of patients. Sixty six consecutive patients hospitalized for a narrow aortic stenosis have agreed to be subjected, before valve replacement, to a recording of the bundle of His potential. Thirteen of them (19.7%) show a HV interval exceeding 55 ms or a pathological H deflexion (twisted and lasting 35 ms). None of the pre-operative parameters that were analyzed (black-out, left ventricular function, ventriculo-aortic gradient, calculated valvular area, magnitude of valvular and ring calcifications), seem correlated with the increased HV interval. These results cross-check those reported in most of the literature.
Can split-Ring Resonators be viable for electromagnetic energy harvesting? (2014)

Split Ring Resonators can be densely stacked to form energy harvesting systems arrays having per area efficiency higher than a single SRR unit cell. Although the concept of utilizing SRRs for electromagnetic energy was presented in our earlier work, the per area efficiency of an SRR array as compared to that of existing collectors (classical antennas) is fundamental to the viability of this technology. Here, we present a numerical comparative study where an array of SRRs is compared to an array of patch antennas both placed in an identical footprint. The results indicate that using SRR arrays can provide significant improvement in terms of power efficiency and collection bandwidth in comparison to microstrip antennas commonly used in electromagnetic energy harvesting systems.
Conditions for Wide Angle Radiation from Conical Sound Radiators (1943)

The theoretical conditions by which substantially hemispherical radiation can be attained from the concave side of a loudspeaker cone are discussed and experimental data presented.
Formation, Behaviour and Reactivity in Thin Organic Films Containing Sulfur (1999)

The theme of this lecture is concerned with the change in behaviour of simple molecules which occurs when such molecules are incorporated into assembled or self-assembled mono-and multilayers on surfaces. The area is one of wide technological importance because of potential application in, for examples, photoresists, piezo and pyroelectric devices, and multiple harmonic oscillators1. Behaviour of assembled molecules is also significant because of the nature of lipid bilayer cell membranes and their behaviour is, of course, of front-line importance in connection with matters such as inherent stability and penetration by drugs and so on. This account is concentrated upon events at the molecular level and the emphasis is on the relationship between structure and selectivity.
“Highfield MRI – The New Clinical Standard?” (2009)

Investigative Radiology: September 2009 - Volume 44 - Issue 9 - doi: 10.1097/RLI.0b013e3181ba18c8