gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of particle shape on dielectric enhancement in metal-insulator composites (1992)

Disordered suspensions of conducting particles exhibit substantial permittivity enhancements beyond the predictions of the Clausius–Mossotti equation and other purely dipolar approximations. The magnitude of the enhancement depends upon the shape of the particles. A recently developed effective cluster model for spherical particles [Phys. Rev. B 42, 9319 (1990)] that treats a disordered suspension as a mixture, or mesosuspension, of isolated spheres and close-packed spherical clusters of arbitrary size is in excellent agreement with experiments on well-stirred suspensions of spheres over the entire accessible range of volume loading. In this paper, the effective cluster model is extended to be applicable to disordered suspensions of arbitrarily shaped conducting particles. Two physical parameters are used to characterize a general suspension: the angular average polarizability of an isolated particle, and the volume loading at closest packing of the suspension. Multipole interactions within the clusters are treated exactly. External particle-shape-dependent interactions between clusters and isolated particles are treated in the dipole approximation in two ways: explicitly, using the Clausius–Mossotti equation, and implicitly, using the Wiener equation. Both versions of the model are used to find the permittivity of a monodisperse suspension of conducting spheroids, for which the model parameters can be determined independently. The two versions are in good agreement when the axial ratio of the particles is not extreme. The Clausius–Mossotti version of the model yields a mesoscopic analogue of the dielectric virial expansion. It is limited to small volume loadings when the particles have an extremely nonspherical shape. The Wiener equation version of the model holds at all volume loadings for particles of arbitrary shape. Comparison of the two versions of the model leads to a simple physical interpretation of Wiener’s equation. The models are compared with experiments of Kelly, Stenoien, and Isbell [J. Appl. Phys. 24, 258 (1953)] on aluminum and zinc particles in paraffin, with Nasuhoglu’s experiments on iron particles in oil [Commun. Fac. Sci. Univ. Ankara 4, 108 (1952)], and with new X-band and Kα-band permittivity measurements on Ni-Cr alloy particles in a polyurethane binder.
Sequence-specific assignments and their use in NMR studies of DNA structure (1987)

There has been a surge of recent interest, reflected by a sharp increase in the number of publications, in the area of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies of DNA. The goal of many of these studies is to monitor the structure of biologically important DNA sequences directly in solution; the impetus for such studies was the realization, from early single-crystal X-ray structures, that nearest-neighbor context effects are a major determinant of local structure in short double-helical DNAs (Dickerson & Drew, 1981; Dickerson, 1983). Thus, instead of the previously assumed regular averaged structure of the double helix derived from fibre diffraction analysis, the more interesting concept emerged that specific sequence-dependent distortions from ‘classical’ DNA structure might be responsible for the recognition of such sequences by a variety of ligands such as repressors, polymerases, drugs, etc.
The Effects of Task-oriented Training on Kinetic Factors and Muscle Activities of CVA Patients (2007)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Task-oriented training on the balance, lapse time and MVC(Maximum Voluntary Contraction) of CVA(cerebral vascular accident) patients. The active balance equipment was used to measure of the static balance, lapse time and task-oriented training. The EMG technique was used to record muscle activitie of affected side of gluteus medius and vastus medialis. The raw EMG data were filtered with band pass filter (60Hz) to remove artifacts and then low pass filtered (20Hz) to find the linear envelope which resemble muscle tension curve. The experiment had been conducted at the department of physical therapy in J hospital in M city during 8weeks. The thirty patients experienced the stroke were participated: training group (15), control group (15). They were ambulatory with or without an assistive device. They were assessed on central perturbation(mm) in the static balance, lapse time(s) and MVC test(mV). The data were analyzed using repeated measured ANOVA. The results were as follows: After Task-oriented training, central perturbation and lapse time was significantly differences in both groups(p<.001), and MVC in gluteus medius were no significant differences in both groups, but vastus medialis was significant differences in both groups (p<.001).
Exfoliated and Partially Oxidized MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets by One‐Pot Reaction for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells (2014)

A facile and efficient synthesis of a solution-processable MoO3/MoS2 featuring uniformly decorated MoO3 nanoparticles onto exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets is realized via a one-step oxidation and spontaneous exfoliation method using hydrogen peroxide. By using MoO3/MoS2 as a hole extraction layer in organic solar cells, high efficiencies, regardless of annealing conditions of the interfacial layer, and excellent long-term stability are demonstrated. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
用“自定义页脚”巧设底端注释 (2009)

在Excel“页面设置”对话框的“工作表”标签下有个“打印标题”框，在其中可以轻松设置打印的“顶端标题行”和“左端标题列”。不过，如果需要在每一页的底端打上同样的文字（比如添加表格的注释信息），却不能方便地实现。
Impact of Co-Channel Interference on the Performance of Multi-Hop Relaying over Nakagami-m Fading Channels (2014)

This paper studies the impact of co-channel interferences (CCIs) on the system performance of multi-hop amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying, in a simple and explicit way. For generality, the desired channels along consecutive relaying hops and the CCIs at all nodes are subject to Nakagami-m fading with different shape factors. This study reveals that the diversity gain is determined only by the fading shape factor of the desired channels, regardless of the interference and the number of relaying hops. On the other hand, although the coding gain is in general a complex function of various system parameters, if the desired channels are subject to Rayleigh fading, the coding gain is inversely proportional to the accumulated interference at the destination, i.e. the product of the number of relaying hops and the average interference-to-noise ratio, irrespective of the fading distribution of the CCIs.
Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group. (1993)

As an initial regimen, drug treatment in combination with nutritional-hygienic intervention was more effective in preventing cardiovascular and other clinical events than was nutritional-hygienic treatment alone. Drug-treatment group differences were minimal. Pending results from large-scale clinical trials to evaluate drug treatments for their effect on cardiovascular clinical events, these findings support the recommendations of the new fifth Joint National Committee report regarding treatment choices for people with stage 1 ("mild") hypertension.
The effect of temperature on the exciton absorption of copper chloride and copper bromide nanocrystals in potassium-aluminum-borate glass (2015)

The absorption spectra of nanosized crystals of copper (I) halides distributed in the potassium-aluminum borate glass system were investigated in the region of the exciton absorption band in the temperature range from 20 to 300°C. The temperature dependences of the exciton absorption band of CuHal (Hal = Cl, Br) nanocrystals, which were obtained upon the heating and cooling of the sample, have a form of hysteresis. The melting (140–240°C) and crystallization (35–105°C) temperatures of copper (I) halide nanocrystals contained in the potassium-aluminum borate glass were determined by the optical spectroscopy method.
Technical Notes - Synthesis of a Lipid/Peptide/Drug Conjugate: N<sup>4</sup>(Acylpeptidyl)-Ara-C (1994)

A lipid/peptide/drug conjugate, N4-(acylpeptidyl)-ara-C, is synthesized under mild conditions to give an ara-C prodrug protected against cytidine deaminase-catalyzed deactivation. The compounds can be bound, via their hydrocarbon tails, to phospholipid membranes and examined for chymotrypsin-induced drug release. A tripeptide is too short to permit efficient enzyme/membrane contact and subsequent freeing of the drug. Faster rates can, presumably, be achieved by "fine tuning" the length and polarity of the peptide spacer attached to the drug.
CT Angiography of the Circle of Willis and Intracranial Internal Carotid Arteries: Maximum Intensity Projection with Matched Mask Bone Elimination—Feasibility Study (2001)

Results are reported of a feasibility study in which bone pixels are eliminated from computed tomographic (CT) angiographic images with a method that enables the construction of maximum intensity projection (MIP) images without interference by bone. The method proved to be successful in six patients. Two observers blinded to the bone elimination method judged the image quality of MIP images to be considerably higher than that of standard subtraction MIP images. This method is an effective means to remove bone from CT angiographic images with only a slight increase in radiation dose.
Neural networks approach for prediction of gas–liquid two-phase flow pattern based on frequency domain analysis of vortex flowmeter signals (2007)

The identification of flow pattern is a basic and important issue in multiphase systems. Because of the complexity of phase interaction in gas–liquid two-phase flow, it is difficult to discern its flow pattern objectively. In this paper, a three-layer, feed-forward neural network was designed, and adopted inputs all representing the characteristics of the power spectral density distributions of dynamic differential pressure fluctuations were obtained from a vortex flowmeter. The validity of the adopted inputs for the flow pattern identification was evaluated by a proposed effectiveness factor. Results show that the designed neural networks predict the flow patterns successfully comparing with the flow pattern by visual observation. These findings provide the possibility of using only a vortex flowmeter for the identification of gas–liquid two-phase flow patterns with the help of neural networks.
COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR ADSORPTION OF HYDROGEN-METHANE MIXTURES ON ACTIVATED CARBON AND 5A MOLECULAR SIEVE (2018)

Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were obtained experimentally by a static method for a binary component hydrogen-methane mixture on activated carbon and 5A molecular sieve adsorbents. The temperature range 303-333 K and pressure range 0 - 4 MPa were examined. Methods for predicting gas-mixture equilibrium adsorption data from the pure-component isotherms were evaluated. Extended Langmuir model correlated the adsorption of binary mixtures fairly well. In all cases mutual interference was found, that is, the amount of a given gas adsorbed at a given partial pressure was always less in the mixture than it would have been if the other gaseous component had not been present. It was found that the amount adsorbed of gases per unit bulk volume for 5A molecular sieve was higher than for activated carbon. Furthermore, 5A molecular sieve showed better adsorption characteristics than activated carbon in mass transfer properties, affinity, selectivity and heat of adsorption.
Using SuperCalc : the next generation : a self-teaching guide (1985)

AN INTRODUCTION What is an Electronic Spreadsheet? The Environment of SuperCalc3 BASIC FEATURES OF SUPERCALC 3 The SuperCalc3 Spreadsheet Fundamentals Getting Data Into Your Spreadsheet Global Control of Your Spreadsheet Controlling Your Spreadsheet's Display Manipulating Your Spreadsheet Spreadsheet Input and Output Spreadsheet Functions ADVANCED SUPERCALC3 FEATURES More on Controlling Spreadsheet Screen Displays Searching and Sorting Integrated Spreadsheet Graphics Spreadsheet Data Management Using SuperCalc3 Command Files Interfacing SuperCalc3 with Other Systems BUSINESS APPLICATIONS Supercalc3 Business Calculations Appendixes Index.
U.S. Homeland Security (2005)

<JATS1:p>A legal scholar details the creation and function of the Department of Homeland Security, placing it in historical context.</JATS1:p> <JATS1:p>A concept so important, it is among the first words of the U.S. Constitution, the defense of our borders is as essential today as it was more than 200 years ago. In response to the breakdown of that function on September 11, 2001, the administration sponsored the USA PATRIOT Act, and created the Office of Homeland Security. Critics of those actions claim these measures give too much power to the government and impermissibly impinge on civil liberties; supporters claim they are necessary for national security.</JATS1:p> <JATS1:p>From the 1798 Alien and Sedition Acts to the present, the government has aggressively discharged its duty to ensure domestic tranquility, including jailing dissidents and forcing Japanese American citizens into internment camps. In this book, a leading legal scholar explains in detail the present federal actions and places them in historical context.</JATS1:p>
Emodin Ameliorates High Glucose Induced-Podocyte Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition In-Vitro and In-Vivo (2015)

EMO ameliorated glucose-induced EMT and subsequent podocyte dysfunction partly through ILK and desmin inhibition as well as nephrin upregulatiotion, which might provide a potential novel therapeutic option for DKD.
교실 수업에서의 평가와 학습의 연계: 개별화수업(DI)에서의 평가를 중심으로 (2008)

수업의 일부분으로서의 평가는 학생들의 학습목표 성취에 중요한 영향을 끼친다. 그러나 최근 들어 초등학교 수업에서는 평가가 등한시되고 있고, 학습을 위한 평가보다는 학습결과를 평가하는 것이 보편화되어 평가 본연의 목적을 살리지 못하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 평가의 여러 패러다임을 탐구하고, 금세기를 지배하고 있는 평가 패러다임은 어떤 것인지 살펴보았다. 개별화수업(DI)은 평가에 기초한 교수·학습 방법이기 때문에, 학습을 위한 평가라는 평가 본연의 목적에 충실하기 위해서는 기존의 수업 모형보다는 개별화수업(DI) 이 더 적절한 접근이라는 것을 구명하였다. 개별화수업에서의 평가는 진행형의 평가로서 지도적 평가가 이루어지고, 결과가 즉시 학습과제나 학습방법에 반영됨으로써 전원참가 전원성취라는 성과를 이룰 수 있다.
CdTe and CdZnTe X-ray and gamma-ray detectors for imaging systems (2005)

This review paper presents the current state of the art imaging systems using room-temperature CdTe and CdZnTe X-ray and gamma-ray detectors. Imaging systems composed of both single elements and monolithic segmented CdTe and CdZnTe arrays are used in medical diagnostics, astronomy, research and industry. This paper is divided into three sections: The first section describes different types and configurations of CdTe or CdZnTe detectors used in imaging systems, with the emphasis on single charge carrier collection detectors and front-end read-out electronics in the form of Application Specific Integrated Circuits associated with these detectors. The second section discusses the advantages, disadvantages and limitations with respect to the efficiency and area of the imaging systems using CdTe and CdZnTe detectors compared to other types of X and gamma ray detectors. The third section describes several examples of imaging systems utilizing CdZnTe detectors: 1) A large area imaging telescope for the detection of gamma ray bursts using a coded aperture collimator. 2) A large area medical nuclear camera for cardiology and scintimammography using a parallel hole collimator. 3) A large field of view gamma camera based on a rotating slat collimator and 4) A prototype of an electronically collimated Compton camera.
Effect of sepsis on skeletal muscle oxygen consumption and tissue oxygenation: interpreting capillary oxygen transport data using a mathematical model (2004)

Inherent in the inflammatory response to sepsis is abnormal microvascular perfusion. Maldistribution of capillary red blood cell (RBC) flow in rat skeletal muscle has been characterized by increased 1) stopped-flow capillaries, 2) capillary oxygen extraction, and 3) ratio of fast-flow to normal-flow capillaries. On the basis of experimental data for functional capillary density (FCD), RBC velocity, and hemoglobin O2 saturation during sepsis, a mathematical model was used to calculate tissue O2 consumption (Vo2), tissue Po2 (Pt) profiles, and O2 delivery by fast-flow capillaries, which could not be measured experimentally. The model describes coupled capillary and tissue O2 transport using realistic blood and tissue biophysics and three-dimensional arrays of heterogeneously spaced capillaries and was solved numerically using a previously validated scheme. While total blood flow was maintained, capillary flow distribution was varied from 60/30/10% (normal/fast/stopped) in control to 33/33/33% (normal/fast/stopped) in average sepsis (AS) and 25/25/50% (normal/fast/stopped) in extreme sepsis (ES). Simulations found approximately two- and fourfold increases in tissue Vo2 in AS and ES, respectively. Average (minimum) Pt decreased from 43 (40) mmHg in control to 34 (27) and 26 (15) mmHg in AS and ES, respectively, and clustering fast-flow capillaries (increased flow heterogeneity) reduced minimum Pt to 14.5 mmHg. Thus, although fast capillaries prevented tissue dysoxia, they did not prevent increased hypoxia as the degree of microvascular injury increased. The model predicts that decreased FCD, increased fast flow, and increased Vo2 in sepsis expose skeletal muscle to significant regions of hypoxia, which could affect local cellular and organ function.
Psychological Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Virtual Reality–Based Analgesia: A Systematic Review (2014)

The experience of pain is affected by remarkable psychological factors. The concept of neuromatrix suggests that pain is an amalgam of affect, cognition, and sensation mediated through diverse brain regions. Moreover, the experience of pain appears to be reduced by environmental stimuli that drive attention away from the noxious events. Accordingly, immersion in a computer-generated, three-dimensional virtual environment has been used as an efficient distraction tool in a number of studies on pain management. However, no systematic approaches have explored the psychological factors that influence the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) as a distraction technology. This review aims to outline the fundamental psychological factors involved in the use of VR to provide pain management. An analysis of the literature revealed some important elements associated with the patients' subjective experience. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The results suggest the importance of different psychological factors in the effectiveness of the analgesic distraction. While sense of presence influence the effectiveness of VR as a distraction tool, anxiety as well as positive emotions directly affect the experience of pain. Future challenges for pain management via VR include adopting properly validated measures to assess psychological factors and using different experimental conditions to better understand their complex effects.
Porphysome nanotechnology: A paradigm shift in lipid-based supramolecular structures (2014)

The traditional role of lipids in the generation of lipid-based supramolecular structures has predominantly been to serve as building blocks to support the delivery or stabilization of a molecule or structure. With an introduction to the synthesis of porphyrin-lipid, a porphyrin conjugated to a phospholipid, and the discovery of porphysome nanovesicles, the role of phospholipids in supramolecular structures has shifted from a simple support to an intrinsic imaging and therapeutic agent. Here we provide an overview of recent developments in the generation of supramolecular structures using porphyrin-lipid and their applications in therapy and imaging, including photothermal therapy, photoacoustic imaging, multimodality imaging and activatable fluorescence imaging and photodynamic therapy. Furthermore, we introduce several new developments within the field of using organic nanoparticles for thermal-based biomedical applications using other organic nanomaterials.
Post-Thaw Storage at 4°C of Previously Frozen Red Cells withRetention of 2,3-DPG (1987)

Fresh human blood was collected in CPD, frozen by either the Meryman or the Valeri high glycerol technique, and stored at -80°C. Later the red cells were thawed, deglycerolized by the appropriate technique and resuspended in either saline-glucose wash solution or an additive solution containing ascorbate-2-phosphate, adenine, glucose (dextrose), mannitol and sodium phosphate. The cells were stored at 4-6 °C for 21 days and assayed weekly for ATP, 2,3-DPG, pH, P50, glucose utilization and lysis. The additive solution maintained red cell 2,3-DPG at fresh blood levels for 3 weeks and maintained ATP levels sufficiently well to suggest good red cell viability for 21 days. There was no difference in results between the Meryman or the Valeri freezing methods if sodium phosphate was used with the saline-glucose wash solution in the Valeri method. If this additive solution is coupled with sterile deglycerolization techniques, 3 weeks of post-thaw red cell preservation would be practical. Using this additive solution would make frozen blood a reasonable source of red cells for emergency needs in both military and civilian blood banking.
Real-Time Perspective Optimal Shadow Maps (2003)

Shadow mapping is perhaps the most pervasive method for creating convincing shadows in computer graphics. However, because it is an image-space algorithm it must contend with aliasing issues caused by finite and discrete sampling.
High-efficiency clonal growth of bloodstream- and insect-form Trypanosoma brucei on agarose plates. (1992)

This report describes a method for growing both bloodstream- and procyclic-form Trypanosoma brucei as colonies on agarose plates. Procyclic colonies, which took 2 weeks to develop, grew with approximately 17% plating efficiency on SDM-79/0.65% agarose supplemented with 20% (vol/vol) conditioned medium. Bloodstream forms were adapted to in vitro growth in liquid HMI-9 medium and then spread on HMI-9/0.65% agarose plates, where they grew to visible colonies in 3-5 days. Plating efficiencies were from 3 to 80%, depending upon the trypanosome variant and experiment. Colonies were proven to be the result of growth from a single cell and contained approximately 10(6) cells at maturity. Colonies were transferred to filters and probed for multicopy and single-copy genes. Potential uses of this method in conjunction with classical and reverse genetic approaches to studying trypanosomes are discussed.
Coverage of Key Issues in the MIS Course (1990)

MIS decision-makers in business and academia are faced with a number of issues in an ever changing environment. A number of previous studies [1,2,3,4] have identified MIS issues of greatest importance to IS management. It has been suggested [2,4] that knowledge of the relative importance of MIS issues aids businesses in deciding where to focus investments, and is also relevant to academics as they attempt to shape curricula. This study presents an assessment of the degree to which the issues identified as of greatest importance by the cited studies are likely to be included in a typical undergraduate MIS class. Coverage of a topic in the typical MIS text is used as a proxy for actual class coverage. Such coverage within the textbooks is found to be spotty and the implications of this finding for the classroom are discussed.