gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Quality Torque Control at Zero and Very High Speed Operation (1995)

This article focuses on the design and analysis of a direct field orientation (DFO) approach based upon a closed-loop loop rotor flux observer. The approach is ideally suited for applications requiring both zero and very high (i.e., several times base) speed operation. Such applications are common in manufacturing automation where both zero speed position control and high traverse rates with controlled position trajectories are required. Examples include robot motion control systems as used for assembly and the more traditional machining center axis control. The quality of the proposed approach is largely based on the unique structure of its flux observer. The observer effectively combines the best accuracy attributes of rotor flux indirect (feedforward) field orientation (IFO) and stator flux DFO. The parameter sensitivity is similar to IFO at low and zero speeds and to stator flux DFO at high speeds. The closed-loop structure of the observer provides a smooth transition between two open-loop rotor flux observers referred to as the current and voltage models in a deterministic manner set by the closed-loop bandwidth (eigenvalues). The proposed DFO approach is analytically evaluated in comparison with both IFO and stator flux DFO. Experimental results verify the viability of this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The extract of <i>Prunus persica</i> flesh (PPFE) attenuates chemotherapy‐induced hepatotoxicity in mice (2007)

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum II) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutic agents used in the treatment of a variety of human solid tumors. However, its clinical use is limited due to severe toxicity. The pathogenesis of liver damage caused by cisplatin is generally considered to be oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of the ethanol extract of Prunus persica flesh (PPFE) against cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in animal models. In a xenograft model with the repeated administration of a low-dose cisplatin (5 mg/kg body weight) for 15 days, and in an acute toxicity model with a single administration of a high-dose cisplatin (45 mg/kg body weight) over a 16 h period, the consecutive administration of PPFE in combination with and prior to the cisplatin injection reversed the cisplatin-induced decrease in the liver weight as a percentage of total body weight, and the cisplatin-induced increases in the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels caused by liver damage. Moreover, the oral administration of PPFE significantly recovered the reduced glutathione level and inhibited lipid peroxidation in the cisplatin-treated mice. These results demonstrate that supplementation with PPFE might protect against cisplatin-induced toxicity in cancer patients.
Carnitine transport in rat small intestine (1983)

Although L-carnitine has been given orally to patients with systemic carnitine deficiency with successful control of the disease and is present in a variety of dietary sources, there is little available information on the physiology of its absorption. We therefore studied intestinal carnitine absorption in the rat by measuring the uptake of radioactive L-carnitine by everted intestinal rings and sacs. Active transport was demonstrated in duodenum and jejunum, but not ileum, with intracellular concentrations higher than medium concentrations at steady state and by the prevention of concentration gradients with anoxia, metabolic inhibitors, and replacement of sodium ion. Studies of the relationship of uptake to carnitine concentration demonstrated the presence of two components of transport: a saturable component (with a Km of between 206 and 316 microM) that could be inhibited by the metabolically inactive D-isomer and by acetylcarnitine and a linear component that we presume represents diffusion.
Use of Erythropoietin in Two-Stage Reimplantation Total Hip Arthroplasty (2003)

This study was done to quantify the effect of epoetin alfa on the transfusion requirements of patients having two-stage reimplantation for infected total hip arthroplasties. This prospective study included 30 consecutive patients treated with a two-stage reimplantation procedure during a 2-year period at one institution. Each patient received a standard dose of epoetin alpha (40,000 units) subcutaneous in the interval between resection and reimplantation. Transfusions were administered only when warranted by clinical symptoms and were not governed by predetermined hemoglobin levels. When compared with a control group of similar patients, the hemoglobin levels before reimplantation were significantly higher (14.0 g/dL versus 11.8 g/dL) and the median allogeneic blood requirements were significantly lower (0 units/patient [range, 0-6] versus 4.3 units per patient [range, 0-9]). Epoetin alfa used in the interval between the resection and reimplantation stage significantly increased the hemoglobin levels and decreased the rate of transfusion for patients having two-stage reimplantation total hip arthroplasty.
Viscosity and Surface Tension of Dilute Mixed Solutions of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate, Dodecyl Alcohol and Polyelectrolyte (1962)

ドデシル硫酸ナトリウムとドデシルアルコールとの希薄混合溶液,およびこれにさらにポリビニル硫酸ナトリウムのような高分子電解質を加えた溶液について粘度,表面張力を測定した。ドデシル硫酸ナトリウム-ドデシルアルコール溶液ではドデシル硫酸ナトリウム0.4に対し,ドデシルアルコールが0.6モル分率付近で粘度および表面張力曲線に急激な変化が認められ,また約40℃前後でこの曲線にいちじるしい差異がみられた。この溶液にさらに高分子電解質を添加すると粘度および表面張力も変化する。これはドデシル硫酸ナトリウム-ドデシルアルコールの錯合体と高分子電解質との相互作用に基づくものであると考えられる。
Discovery of 2-Hydroxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-3-{2-[[(<i>R</i>)-1-(5- methylfuran-2-yl)propyl]amino]-3,4-dioxocyclobut-1-enylamino}benzamide (SCH 527123):  A Potent, Orally Bioavailable CXCR2/CXCR1 Receptor Antagonist (2006)

Structure-activity studies on lead cyclobutenedione 3 led to the discovery of 4 (SCH 527123), a potent, orally bioavailable CXCR2/CXCR1 receptor antagonist with excellent cell-based activity. Compound 4 displayed good oral bioavailability in rat and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases.
Mucosal acid challenge activates nitrergic neurons in myenteric plexus of rat stomach (2001)

We tested the hypothesis that intrinsic neurons of the rat gastric myenteric plexus can be activated by an acid (HCl) challenge of the mucosa. Activated neurons were visualized by immunohistochemical detection of c-Fos, a marker for neuronal excitation. The neurochemical identity of the neurons activated by the HCl challenge was determined by colocalizing c-Fos with a marker for excitatory pathways, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and a marker for inhibitory pathways, nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Two hours after intragastric administration of HCl or saline, stomachs were removed and immunofluorescence triple labeling of myenteric neurons was carried out on whole mount preparations. Treatment with 0.35, 0.5, and 0.7 M HCl induced c-Fos in 8%, 56%, and 64%, respectively, of NOS-positive but not ChAT-positive neurons. c-Fos was also seen in glial cells of HCl-treated rats, whereas in saline-treated animals c-Fos was absent from the myenteric plexus. HCl treatment did not change the proportion of ChAT- and NOS-immunoreactive neurons in the myenteric ganglia. It is concluded that gastric acid challenge concentration-dependently stimulates a subpopulation of nitrergic, but not cholinergic, myenteric plexus neurons, which may play a role in muscle relaxation, vasodilatation, and/or secretion.
Long-lived cytoplasmic factors that suppress adrenal steroidogenesis. (1982)

Adrenal cells secrete steroids after stimulation with corticotropin (ACTH), whereas cells reconstructed by fusing adrenal cell nuclei to fibroblast cytoplasms are temporarily (2-3 wk) unresponsive to ACTH. In this report, we characterize this inhibition by using "cybrids" (cytoplasmic hybrids) isolated by either genetic selection or a new procedure that utilizes the fluorescence-activated cell sorter and the vital mitochondrial dye rhodamine 123. Such cybrids, which contain both adrenal and fibroblast cytoplasmic components, are unable to produce steroids, suggesting the existence of cytoplasmic inhibitory factors. In order to elucidate this cytoplasmic inhibition of steroidogenesis, techniques are described that test the contribution of fibroblast mitochondria to this phenomenon. The first technique utilizes purified mitochondria, isolated from chloramphenicol (CAP)-resistant fibroblasts, to confer CAP resistance on an otherwise sensitive adrenal cell. The resulting CAPr cells, termed mitochondrial transformants, are responsive to ACTH. The second technique utilizes a procedure for isolating small fragments of cytoplasm (microcytospheres) from fibroblasts. Microcytospheres, which do not contain mitochondria, are stained with rhodamine 18, a vital membrane dye, and then fused to unstained adrenal cells. The fusion products are then isolated with the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Approximately 30% of the fusion products are inhibited in their ability to respond to ACTH. These results suggest that the fibroblast cytoplasm contains nonmitochondrial long-lived inhibitory factors that temporarily suppress steroidogenic function in adrenal cells.
SIMULATION OF ELECTROSLAG WELD DEFECTS: AN INTERMEDIATE REPORT ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION MONITORING OF ELECTROSLAG WELDING (1996)

This intermediate report describes efforts to adapt acoustic emission (AE) monitoring technology to the in-process nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of electroslag welding (ESW). Methods were developed to introduce controlled artificial flaws in ESW welds. AE monitoring equipment was assembled and techniques were developed to address the specific problems associated with AE monitoring of ESW. A total of seven welds were monitored. These welds had solidification cracks and lack of fusion (LOF) flaws both artificially induced and naturally formed. The recorded AE data were analyzed and the results were correlated with radiography. Preliminary accept/reject criteria were formulated. A draft technical operational guide for applying AE monitoring to ESW was developed based on a modified version of ASTM Practice E 749, Standard Practice for Acoustic Emission Monitoring during Continuous Welding. The necessary ASTM modification procedure will be pursued when appropriate.
Interface dynamics in imbibition (2000)

We address the propagation and kinetic roughening of a liquid-gas interface moving through a disordered medium under the influence of capillary forces. The system is described by a phase-field model with conserved dynamics, and spatial disorder is introduced through a quenched random field. Liquid conservation leads to slowing down of the average interface position H and imposes an intrinsic correlation length ξx∼H1/2 on the spatial fluctuations of the interface.
Interior Point Trajectories in Semidefinite Programming (1998)

In this paper we study interior point trajectories in semidefinite programming (SDP) including the central path of an SDP. This work was inspired by the seminal work of Megiddo on linear programming trajectories [ Progress in Math. Programming: Interior-Point Algorithms and Related Methods, N. Megiddo, ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989, pp. 131--158]. Under an assumption of primal and dual strict feasibility, we show that the primal and dual central paths exist and converge to the analytic centers of the optimal faces of, respectively, the primal and the dual problems. We consider a class of trajectories that are similar to the central path but can be constructed to pass through any given interior feasible or infeasible point, and study their convergence. Finally, we study the derivatives of these trajectories and their convergence.
Prevalence of readily detected amyloid blood clots in ‘unclotted’ Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 plasma: A preliminary report (2020)

Abstract Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a well-known comorbidity to COVID-19 and coagulopathies are a common accompaniment to both T2DM and COVID-19. In addition, patients with COVID-19 are known to develop micro-clots within the lungs. The rapid detection of COVID-19 uses genotypic testing for the presence of SARS-Cov-2 virus in nasopharyngeal swabs, but it can have a poor sensitivity. A rapid, host-based physiological test that indicated clotting severity and the extent of clotting pathologies in the individual who was infected or not would be highly desirable. Methods: Platelet poor plasma (PPP) was collected and frozen. On the day of analysis, PPP samples were thawed and analysed. We show here that microclots can be detected in the native plasma of twenty COVID-19, as well as ten T2DM patients, without the addition of any clotting agent, and in particular that such clots are amyloid in nature as judged by a standard fluorogenic stain. Results were compared to ten healthy age-matched individuals. Results: In COVID-19 plasma these microclots are significantly increased when compared to the levels in T2DM. Conclusions: This fluorogenic test may provide a rapid and convenient test with 100% sensitivity (P<0.0001) and is consistent with the recognition that the early detection and prevention of such clotting can have an important role in therapy.
Sensory Protein Kinase Signaling in<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i>Cercariae: Host Location and Invasion (2015)

Schistosoma mansoni cercariae display specific behavioral responses to abiotic/biotic stimuli enabling them to locate and infect the definitive human host. Here we report the effect of such stimulants on signaling pathways of cercariae in relation to host finding and invasion. Cercariae exposed to various light/temperature regimens displayed modulated protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) activities, with distinct responses at 37 °C and intense light/dark, when compared to 24 °C under normal light. Kinase activities were localized to regions including the oral sensory papillae, acetabular ducts, tegument, acetabular glands, and nervous system. Furthermore, linoleic acid modulated PKC and ERK activities concurrent with the temporal release of acetabular gland components. Attenuation of PKC, ERK, and p38 MAPK activities significantly reduced gland component release, particularly in response to linoleic acid, demonstrating the importance of these signaling pathways to host penetration mechanisms.
Regiospecific Synthesis of<i>N</i>-Sulfonyl Derivatives of 3,5-Diamino-1<i>H</i>-1, 2,4-triazole and 2,5-Diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (1991)

Condensation of the S,S-dimethyl N-(alkylsulfonyl)carbondithioimidates 1 with aminoguanidine bicarbonate and hydrazinecarbothioamide leads to the regiospecific synthesis of N-sulfonyl derivatives of 3,5-diamino-1H-1,2,4-triazole 2 and 2,5-diamino-1,3,4-thiadiazole 3, respectively.
3-D photoacoustic and pulse echo imaging of prostate tumor progression in the mouse window chamber (2011)

Understanding the tumor microenvironment is critical to characterizing how cancers operate and predicting their response to treatment. We describe a novel, high-resolution coregistered photoacoustic (PA) and pulse echo (PE) ultrasound system used to image the tumor microenvironment. Compared to traditional optical systems, the platform provides complementary contrast and important depth information. Three mice are implanted with a dorsal skin flap window chamber and injected with PC-3 prostate tumor cells transfected with green fluorescent protein. The ensuing tumor invasion is mapped during three weeks or more using simultaneous PA and PE imaging at 25 MHz, combined with optical and fluorescent techniques. Pulse echo imaging provides details of tumor structure and the surrounding environment with 100-μm(3) resolution. Tumor size increases dramatically with an average volumetric growth rate of 5.35 mm(3)/day, correlating well with 2-D fluorescent imaging (R = 0.97, p < 0.01). Photoacoustic imaging is able to track the underlying vascular network and identify hemorrhaging, while PA spectroscopy helps classify blood vessels according to their optical absorption spectrum, suggesting variation in blood oxygen saturation. Photoacoustic and PE imaging are safe, translational modalities that provide enhanced depth resolution and complementary contrast to track the tumor microenvironment, evaluate new cancer therapies, and develop molecular contrast agents in vivo.
Lessons Learned from a Collaborative Sensor Web Prototype (2002)

This paper describes the Sensor Web Application Prototype (SWAP) system that was developed for the Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO). The SWAP is aimed at providing an initial engineering proof-of-concept prototype highlighting sensor collaboration, dynamic cause-effect relationship between sensors, dynamic reconfiguration, and remote monitoring of sensor webs.
Lane formation in driven mixtures of oppositely charged colloids (2011)

We present quantitative experimental data on colloidal laning at the single-particle level. Our results demonstrate a continuous increase in the fraction of particles in a lane for the case where oppositely charged particles are driven by an electric field. This behavior is accurately captured by Brownian dynamics simulations. By studying the fluctuations parallel and perpendicular to the field we identify the mechanism that underlies the formation of lanes.
Reducing recombination in ZnO photoanodes for dye sensitised solar cells through simple chemical synthesis (2012)

A method has been developed to synthesise zinc oxide nanowire arrays that demonstrate superior device performance compared to conventional ZnO nanowires within dye sensitised solar cells (DSSCs). This simple yet effective methodology has produced nanowires with triple device performance when compared to conventional ZnO nanowire DSSCs. We have fully characterised the morphology and physical properties of these wires and have demonstrated that the device improvements are due to a reduction in the recombination centres associated with the ZnO crystal.
Thyroid Hormone Status Regulates Skeletal Muscle Response to Chronic Motor Nerve Stimulation (2019)

Although both exercise and thyroid hormone (TH) status can cause cellular and metabolic changes in skeletal muscle, the impact of TH status on exercise-associated changes is not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of TH status on muscle fiber type, cell signaling, and metabolism in a rabbit model of exercise training - chronic motor nerve stimulation (CMNS). Five rabbits were rendered hypothyroid for 7-8 weeks and three rabbits were made hyperthyroid for 2 weeks prior to CMNS of the left peroneal nerve for 10 days. We then measured markers of muscle fiber type, autophagy, and nutrient- or energy-sensing proteins, and metabolic intermediates. CMNS increased MHC-I expression in hypothyroid rabbits, whereas it was unchanged in hyperthyroid rabbits. CMNS also increased p-AMPK, p-ATGL, CPT-1α, p-Akt, GLUT4, and p-70S6K in hypothyroid rabbits. In contrast, p-AMPK and p-AKT were increased at baseline in hyperthyroid rabbits, but CMNS did not further increase them or any of the other markers. CMNS also increased TCA cycle and acylcarnitine metabolites in hypothyroid rabbits; whereas, acylcarnitines were already elevated in hyperthyroid rabbits, and were only slightly increased further by CMNS. In summary, CMNS effects on cell signaling and metabolism of skeletal muscle were more pronounced in the hypothyroid than the hyperthyroid state. Interestingly, in the hypothyroid state, CMNS caused concomitant activation of two signaling pathways that are usually reciprocally regulated - AMPK and mTOR signaling - which manifested as increased β-oxidation, MHC-I expression, and protein synthesis. Thus, our findings provide insight into the role of TH status on exercise response in muscle. Our observations suggest that TH status of patients may be an important determinant and predictor of their response to exercise training in skeletal muscle.
Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp: How much therapy is necessary in large defects? (2005)

Aim: To show that local antibiotic management and a regular inspection of aplasia cutis congenita of the skull can give an excellent result. Method: This case reports a girl born with aplasia cutis congenita of the skull presenting with a large aplasia of the epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue and galea, including a bone defect without any additional risk factor, e.g. early eschar formation, cerebrospinal fluid leakage or uncommon dural blood vessels. Results: A primarily conservative treatment with local wet and antibiotic dressings together with a systemic antibiotic treatment for the first 2 wk led to an excellent result and thus prevented untimely operative and peri-operative procedures. Conclusions: Here we have shown that conservative treatment might be an option, even if the wound diameter is greater than 1 cm2, to prevent infants from any untimely operative procedure with an elevated operative risk if any additional risk factors are excluded.
Kzf1 – a novel KRAB zinc finger protein encoding gene expressed during rat spermatogenesis (1998)

Two novel KRAB (Krüppel associated box) type zinc finger protein encoding cDNAs, named Kzf1 and Kzf2 (Kzf for KRAB zinc finger), were identified by screening of a rat embryonic brain cDNA library with a human ZNF91 KRAB probe. Kzf1 and Kzf2 encode proteins with an amino-terminal KRAB domain and a carboxy-terminal zinc finger cluster containing 9 and 13 zinc finger units, respectively. While Kzf2 appears to be ubiquitously expressed, Kzf1 is preferentially expressed in the testis. Within the testis, Kzf1 mRNA is restricted to germ cells. The Kzf1 protein exhibits DNA binding activity and its KRAB domain can function as a repressor module in transcription. Using somatic cell hybrid analysis, the Kzf1 gene was mapped to chromosome 6.
The Effect of Sabot Wheelbase and Position on the Launch Dynamics of Fin-Stabilized Kinetic Energy Ammunition (1991)

Abstract : A test program was performed to determine the effects of changes in sabot wheelbase and position on the launch dynamics of fin-stabilized kinetic energy penetrators. The launch sequence was measured; the measurements covered the gun dynamics, transitional ballistics and free-flight aeroballistics of the projectile trajectory. All of the projectile jump components were measured independently, summed and the result compared with the projectile impact on the target. The dispersion of each of the components was computed and compared to the target impact dispersion. The dispersion computed using the dispersion model compared well with the target impact dispersion. Both low and high dispersion was observed for the different configurations. Low dispersion was the result of strong biases or low component magnitudes. Each configuration responded differently to the inbore launch sequence; therefore, the key to understanding the origins of the dispersion phenomenon lies in understanding the inbore dynamic response of sabot/penetrator designs.