gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR TUNING CASCADE CONTROL SYSTEMS (1998)

Abstract A simple method for tuning controllers in a cascade system is presented, In this method, all the relations that facilitate the tuning procedures are well prepared in terms of figures or simple equations. Using these figures and equations, the controller tuning for different configurations of cascade systems becomes easy and straightforward when process models are available. On the other hand, when process models are not available, a simple method that uses one single run of step input experiment to develop such models is proposed. Based on these developments in the controller tuning and process models, an autotuning system that uses relay feedback is presented. Unlike the existing autotuning systems, this proposed system conducts identification and controller tuning in a decoupled manner. As a result, no excessive trial- and-error efforts for modeling and tuning are required. Simulation results show the potential usage of such a method, It is interested to see that the resulting systems have almost compatible responses to those systems which have been designed optimally in one way or another as reported in the literature. It is not, however, the purpose of this article to emphasize on obtaining superior performance to all other existing methods, but to emphasize on its effectiveness and simplicity for application.
Clonal analysis of myelodysplastic syndromes: evidence of multipotent stem cell origin (1989)

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of the X-chromosome genes hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) were studied in 34 female patients with primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Twelve patients (35%) were heterozygous at the HPRT or PGK loci for BamHI or BglI RFLPs, respectively. In eight patients showing PGK polymorphisms, clonality was determined by X-chromosome inactivation analysis. These included patients from different morphologic subtypes: four with refractory anemia (RA), two with RA and ring sideroblasts (RARS), one patient with RA with excess of blasts (RAEB), and one with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). A monoclonal pattern of X-chromosome inactivation was observed in seven cases. In a further case characterized by bone marrow hypoplasia, peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes were polyclonal in origin. Following low-dose cytarabine therapy, reversion to polyclonal hematopoiesis was observed in a case of RAEB indicating the presence of residual normal hematopoietic stem cells with the capacity for marrow reconstitution. The clonal relation of lymphoid and granulocyte/monocyte lineages was studied directly in two cases of CMML exhibiting somatic mutations of N-ras or Ki-ras oncogenes. By selective oligonucleotide hybridization to ras gene sequences amplified in vitro by the polymerase chain reaction, a mutated ras allele was demonstrated in PB granulocytes, monocytes, and B and T lymphocytes of both patients. We conclude that MDS arise from a multipotent hematopoietic stem cell with the potential for myeloid and lymphoid differentiation.
Challenges Of Thin Layers For SOFC Devices: From Low-Cost Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) to Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) (2011)

Nowadays, it is clear that thin layers play a fundamental role in the development of a new generation of SOFC (solid oxide fuel cell) and more specifically when operating at lower temperatures ≤ 700°C. According to the role and specification of the thin layers, different deposition techniques can be adopted. A relatively sophisticated technique, Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) and a cheaper one, Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD), are presented and compared in the specific case of thin layers of yttria-doped ceria (YDC) which can play the role of electrolyte, interfacial layer or catalyst in SOFC devices. High-quality ALD-processed YDC thin layers, with interesting properties, are obtained. The feasibility of YDC thin layers is evidenced by CBD, but further optimization is required for obtaining deposits more adherent and without cracks.
Backward erosion testing : Magnolia Levee (2021)

Using a confined flume device, an experimental study investigated the critical horizontal gradient of soils obtained from a site identified as potentially vulnerable to backward erosion piping (BEP). Tests were conducted on glacial outwash material obtained from a sand and gravel quarry in the vicinity of Magnolia Levee in the community of Magnolia, OH. The two bulk samples collected from the quarry had similar grain-size distributions, grain roundness, and depositional environments as the foundation materials beneath the levee. Samples were prepared at various densities and subjected to gradual increases of flow in a wooden flume with an acrylic top until BEP was observed. The critical average horizontal gradient ranged from 0.21 to 0.30 for a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 1.6, while tests conducted on a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 2.5 yielded critical average horizontal gradients of 0.31 to 0.36. The critical average gradients measured during these tests compared favorably to values in the literature after applying adjustments according to Schmertmann’s method.
Nonvolatile Electric Double-Layer Transistor Memory Devices Embedded with Au Nanoparticles (2018)

We present nonvolatile transistor memory devices that rely on the formation of electric double layer (EDL) at the semiconductor-electrolyte interface. The two critical functional components of the devices are the ion gel electrolyte and gold nanoparticles (NPs). The ion gel electrolyte contains ionic species for EDL formation that allow inducing charges in the semiconductor-electrolyte interface. The gold NPs inserted between the ion gel and the channel layer serve as trapping sites to the induced charges to store the electrical input signals. Two different types of gold NPs were used: one prepared using direct thermal evaporation and the other prepared using a colloidal process. The organic ligands attached onto the colloidal gold NPs prevented the escape of the trapped charges from the particles and thus enhanced the retention characteristics of the programmed/erased signals. The low-voltage-driven EDL formation resulted in a programmed/erased memory signal ratio larger than 10<sup>3</sup> from the nonvolatile indium-gallium-zinc oxide transistor memory devices at voltages below 10 V, which could be held for >10<sup>5</sup> s. The utility of the electrolytes to operate memory devices demonstrated herein should provide an alternative strategy to realize cheap, portable electronic devices powered with thin-film batteries.
Demonstration of an E‐box and Its CNS‐Related Binding Factors for Transcriptional Regulation of the Mouse Type 1 Inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate Receptor Gene (1997)

The type 1 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R1) is expressed abundantly in the CNS, such as in cerebellar Purkinje cells and the hippocampus. We established a tissue-specific cell-free transcription system and studied regulatory properties of the 5' upstream region of the IP3R1 gene by use of this system. Deletion analyses of the promoter revealed several cis elements that function significantly in brain nuclear extracts. Among those elements, sequences from -398 to -295 showed the most predominant cerebellum-specific positive function. Footprint analyses demonstrated a factor-binding region from -334 to -318, termed box-I, that contained an E-box consensus sequence. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed CNS-related basic helix-loop-helix proteins for the box-I. Mutational studies using the function assay and competitive electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated a good correlation between the box-I-binding factors and the activated transcription. Box-I-binding factors were present abundantly in adult mouse CNS, whereas their existence was restricted in embryonic and nonneural tissues. Transient chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay for the IP3R1 promoter revealed the requirement of box-I in Neuro2a neuroblastoma cells. In the postnatal CNS, multiple basic helix-loop-helix factors are expressed abundantly, some of which are suggested to activate IP3R1 gene expression in the mammalian CNS.
[SEM evaluation of a new system of intracanal anchorage for reconstruction of endodontically treated anterior teeth]. (1990)

The Authors investigated a new kind of parallel-sided cylindrical posts used for anterior teeth (Triax--Whaledent Inc.--New York NY). Twenty-four freshly extracted maxillary incisors were selected for the study. Root canal therapy was performed and post-space prepared to receive the prefabricated post. Cementation of the posts was carried out using zinc phosphate cement and silver glass ionomer cement. Light cured composite, self curing composite and silver glass ionomer cement were used as cores materials. The specimens were examined under a scanning electron microscope. These new prefabricated posts luted with silver glass ionomer cement presented a gap at the dentin-cement and post interface similar to the cast posts luted with zinc-phosphate cement. The core material was in all the three different types of construction well adapted to the post head.
A planar, scalable active transceiver array for mobile Satcom applications (2013)

A novel concept of scalable planar transceiver arrays for Satcom on the move applications is presented with emphasis on the highly integrated combination of antennas and an innovative SiGe BiCMOS technology enhanced by the monolithic integration of RF-MEMS switches.
Dinuclear dihydrido complexes of iridium(<scp>II</scp>) of the type [Ir(H)(µ-SBu<sup>t</sup>)(CO)(PR<sub>3</sub>)]<sub>2</sub>with single metal–metal bonds (1977)

[Ir(µ-SBut)(CO)(PR3)]2(I, R = Me, Ph, NMe2, or OMe) reacts irreversibly with molecular hydrogen to give compounds of the type [Ir(H)(µ-SBut)(CO)(PR3)]2(II); 31P and 1H n.m.r. experiments indicate the formation of metal–metal single bonds in these adducts.
PKCε regulates GABA <sub>A</sub> receptor trafficking through NSF (2006)

GABA A receptors, the major mediators of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain, are composed primarily of α, β, and γ 2 subunits. Much evidence indicates that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) stimulates GABA A receptor trafficking, causing a decrease in the density of cell surface receptors. The PKC isozymes that mediate these responses are not known. Using human embryonic kidney cells (A293) heterologously expressing α 1 β 2γ 2S receptors and a PKCε analog‐sensitive mutant, we found that selective inhibition of PKCε prevents phorbol ester‐stimulated decreases in the number of cell surface receptors. Immunoprecipitation studies revealed that PKCε associates in a complex with the receptor and with NSF (N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor), an ATPase that regulates receptor trafficking. The association between PKCε and NSF but not PKCε and γ 2 subunits was dependent on the kinase activity of PKCε as it was blocked by a PKCε inhibitor and enhanced by phorbol ester. Pull‐down and overlay studies revealed that PKCε and NSF bind directly to each other. Immunofluorescence studies showed that NSF colocalizes with PKCε and γ 2 subunits at the perinuclear cytoplasm in HEK293 and cerebellar granular cells and that phorbol ester treatment caused both to translocate to the cell surface. Translocation of NSF was prevented by a PKCε inhibitor. PKCε phosphorylated NSF in vitro . These results suggest a molecular mechanism whereby PKCε regulates the trafficking GABA A receptors through phosphorylation and translocation of NSF. Supported by PHS grant AA013588 and by funds provided by the State of California for medical research on alcohol and substance abuse through UCSF.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized DMAP Derivatives Rivaling Homogeneous DMAP. (2011)

Abstract The polystyrene‐supported diaminopyridine compound (I) exhibits unprecedented catalytic activity in the acylation reaction of secondary or tertiary alcohols and in the aza‐Morita—Baylis—Hillman reaction of tosylimines (IX).
Integrating psychometric indicators in latent class choice models (2013)

Latent class models are a convenient and intuitive way to introduce taste heterogeneity in discrete choice models by relating attributes of the decision makers with unobserved behavioral classes, hence allowing for a more accurate market segmentation. Estimation and specification of latent class models can be improved with the use of psychometric indicators that measure the effect of unobserved attributes in the individual preferences. This paper proposes a method to introduce these additional indicators in the specification of integrated latent class and discrete choice models, through the definition of measurement equations that relate the indicators to attributes of the decision maker. The method is implemented for two mode-choice case studies and compared with alternative methods to introduce indicators. Results show that the proposed method generates significantly different estimates for the class and choice models and provide additional insight into the behavior of each class.
Histochemical and Physiological Correlates of Training- and Detraining-Induced Changes in the Recovery From a Fatigue Test (1993)

The results demonstrate a positive correlation (r = .75) between the percentage of reduction in torque at 30 seconds of recovery and the change in the proportion of type IIb fibers with both training and detraining. The results also demonstrate a high, negative correlation (r = -.84) between the percentage of reduction in torque at 30 seconds of recovery and VO2max. These results suggest the recovery of muscle torque reflects both the training- and detraining-induced changes in the proportion of type IIa and type IIb muscle fibers and maximal aerobic exercise capacity.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ETHYLMAGNESIUM BROMIDE WITH SOME UNSATURATED ORGANOTIN COMPOUNDS (1976)

Abstract Äthyl‐magnesiumbromid (II) reagiert mit Äthinyl‐tributylstannan (I) in Äther unter Abspaltung von Äthan, Äthylen, Acetylen und Äthyl‐acetylen zu Äthyl‐tributyl‐stannan (III) und Bis‐1,2‐tributylstannyl‐äthan (IV).
Cell-cell recognition of host surfaces by pathogens. The adsorption of maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) root mucilage by surfaces of pathogenic fungi (1986)

The adsorption of radioactive mucilage by pathogenic fungi was shown to be dependent upon time, the composition of mucilage, the type of fungal surface (conidia, hyphae, hyphal apices), fungal species, pH and bivalent cations. All fungal adhesins were inactivated by either proteinase or polysaccharase treatments. Adsorption was not inhibited by the numberous mono-, di- and oligo-saccharides that were tested individually, but it was inhibited absolutely by several polysaccharides. This suggested that adsorption of mucilage by pathogens involved conformational and ionic interactions between plant and fungal polymers but not fungal lectins bound to sugar residues of mucilage. Several fractionation schemes showed that pathogens bound only the most acidic of the variety of polymers that comprise mucilage. There was not any absolute distinction between ability to bind radioactive mucilage and type of pathogen or non-pathogen. However, there were notable differences in characteristics of adsorption between two types of pathogen. Differences were revealed by comparison of the adsorption capacities of conidia and germinant conidia and chromatography of radioactive mucilage on germinant conidia. An ectotrophic root-infecting fungus (a highly specialized pathogen) bound a greater proportion of mucilage than did a vascular-wilt fungus (of catholic host and tissue range) with more than one class of site for adsorption. In contrast with the vascular-wilt fungus, sites for adsorption on the specialized pathogen were present solely on surfaces formed by germination.
Torsional Vibration Characteristics of Marine Diesel Propulsion System Installed with Highly -Elactic Rubber Coupling (1993)

Rubber is applied to highly-elastic couplings installed in geared diesel propulsion system. Taking advantage of its high elasticity and large damping effect, torque fluctuations transmitted to gear can be diminished. However, the dynamic behaviour of the shafting system including rubber is not comprehended exactly because of their complex characteristics and scant examples of detailed measurement under actual operation.In order to make clear the dynamic characteristics, the authors did comprehensive full-scale measurement on two ships and have been analizing the results. The aim of this study is to show the actual torsional vibration of rubber damping system and to present a practical calculation method by modal analysis applicable to the system. This paper, which is the 1 st report of the study, is devoted to the illustration of the results of the full-scale measurement. At first, the framework of the measurement is explained. Then the dynamic response at each parts of rubber couplings is showed as well as general features of the rubber damping system.
Differential Storage of Prolactin, Granins (Chromogranin B and Secretogranin II), and Constitutive Secretory Markers in Rat Pituitary GH4C1 Cells (1996)

The rat pituitary cell line GH4C1 secretes granins (chromogranin B and secretogranin II) and prolactin by the regulated secretory pathway. The intracellular storage of prolactin is preferentially induced by hormone treatment with estradiol, insulin, and epidermal growth factor. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of hormone treatment on storage of granins and constitutive secretory markers. The granins were efficiently stored in both hormone-treated and -untreated cells (17% of total secreted in 4 h). Secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP), a truncated membrane protein that would not be expected to enter secretory granules, and glycosaminoglycan, a marker for the constitutive secretory pathway, exhibited 70 80% secretion under both conditions. In comparison, the relative prolactin secretion was 31 and 68% from hormone-treated and -untreated cells, respectively. Phorbol ester and KCl stimulated prolactin secretion 2.3-fold from untreated cells and 5. 5-fold from hormone-treated cells. In contrast, SEAP secretion was stimulated 1.5-fold from both treated and untreated cells, consistent with secretion by the constitutive secretory pathway. Stimulated secretion of granins was detected from both hormone-treated and -untreated cells. These results suggest that granin and prolactin storage are differentially regulated and that the constitutive secretory pathway is not affected by hormone treatment.
Conformational switches in winged-helix domains 1 and 2 of bacterial translation elongation factor SelB (2007)

The crystal structure of the first two winged-helix motifs of translation elongation factor SelB from Moorella thermoacetica has been determined at 1.1 A resolution. Compared with the previous structure of the two domains in conjunction with winged-helix modules 3 and 4, the first winged-helix domain underwent a substantial conformational change during which the alpha-helical and beta-sheet portions of the element opened up like a shell. This conformational rearrangement was elicited by a change in the orientation of Trp396, leading to the disclosure of a bona fide ligand-binding site in the direct vicinity of Trp396. Additionally, the C-terminal tail of the second domain followed a different path compared with the previous structure. It is conceivable that these conformational switches constitute part of the molecular mechanism that underlies the communication between the N-terminal part of SelB, which binds Sec-tRNA(Sec) and GTP, and the C-terminal part of the protein, which binds selenocysteine-insertion sequences.
The direct ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the 1Σ+<i>g</i>→ 1<i>B</i>2(1Σ+<i>u</i>) transition of jet-cooled CS2 (1983)

The absorption spectrum of the linear→bent 1Σ+g→1B2 (1Σ+u) transition of jet-cooled CS2 is reported in the 47 750–53 200 cm−1 region. Adjustment of diluent gas composition enables the preparation of rotationally cold (&lt;10 K)/vibrationally hot (≊300 K) and rotationally cold/vibrationally cold samples. The collapse of rotational envelopes on cooling facilitates the accurate determinations of frequencies and relative absorption intensities of transitions both from the zero point level and from excited vibrational levels of the ground electronic state. At 49 000–51 000 cm−1, in the region of the Franck–Condon maximum, a simple vibronic pattern emerges involving two upper state vibrational modes containing both stretching and bending contributions. In this region of the spectrum, the upper state rotational structure diverges from that of a nearly symmetric top and approaches that of the linear or quasilinear molecule. At higher energies, the vibronic structure grows in complexity, suggesting increased anharmonic mixing of these nearly degenerate modes.
Hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis mediated by p53 protein in glial cells (1999)

It is now generally accepted that massive neuronal death due to oxidative stress is a regular feature of brains in neurodegenerative diseases. However, much less attention has been given to the death of glial cells. In this study, we examined p53-sensitive apoptosis of cells by using human glioblastoma A172 cells and p53-deficient mouse astrocytes. In human A172 cells, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused cell death in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, accompanied by nucleosomal DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. After treatment with H2O2, p53 protein was highly expressed and protein levels of Bak, p21WAF1/CIP1 and GADD45 were also enhanced. However, the protein levels of Bcl-2 and Bax did not change. On the other hand, primary cultured astrocytes from p53-deficient mouse brain grew faster than wild-type and heterozygous astrocytes. In addition, p53-deficient astrocytes were more resistant to H2O2-induced apoptosis than wild-type and heterozygous astrocytes. These results suggest that glial proliferation and the repair of damaged DNA may be regulated by p53-induced p21WAF1/CIP1 and GADD45, and that glial apoptosis caused by oxidative stress may be mediated by p53-induced Bak.
Oncologic outcomes of radical prostatectomy with neoadjuvant LHRH agonist/estramustine and radiotherapy with neoadjuvant hormonal therapy for high-risk prostate cancer. (2014)

259 Background: To date, the different treatment modalities for high-risk prostate cancer (Pca) have not been compared in any sufficiently large-scale, prospective, randomized clinical trial. We used propensity-score matching analysis to compare the oncological outcomes of high-risk prostate cancer between patients treated with radical prostatectomy (RP) and those treated with radiation therapy (RT). Methods: We studied 216 patients who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by RP (RP cohort) and 81 patients who received neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by RT (RT cohort). The RP cohort received a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist and estramustine phosphate (280 mg/day) for 6 months prior to RP. The RT cohort received ADT for at least 6 months prior to RT using a 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy technique. The total radiation dose was 70–76 Gy administered at 2 Gy/fraction. Results: Propensity-score matching identified 78 matched pairs of patients. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rates were 98.3% and 92.1% in the RP and RT groups, respectively (P = 0.156). The 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival rates were 86.4% and 89.4% in the RP and RT groups, respectively (P = 0.878). Conclusions: Our study findings may suggest almost identical cancer control of RP and RT with appropriate neoadjuvant therapy in high-risk Pca. Therefore, issues of health-related quality of life may have important impact on decision making of treatment in high-risk Pca.