gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brittle-to-ductile transitions in the fracture of silicon single crystals by dynamic crack arrest (2001)

Abstract Experiments have been conducted on the brittle-to-ductile transition of fracture in silicon single crystals through the arrest of cleavage cracks made to propagate on the (110) cleavage planes up a temperature gradient. An activation energy of 1.82 eV has been determined for the transition process based on the dependence of the T BD on an averaged crack velocity, inferred from a jerky mode of crack advance. The dislocation patterns in the arrest zones have been studied in detail by a combination of etch pitting and Berg–Barrett X-ray topographic imaging after the arrest. These observations indicated that the plasticity of the entire arrest process is accomplished by slip activity on a set of two symmetrically placed vertical slip planes in which only one type of dislocation was involved. These planes do not have the highest resolved shear stresses but have the advantage of a very low energy barrier to the nucleation of dislocations from crack tip cleavage ledges. A close correspondence was noted between the spacing of dislocation sources along the crack tip and the density of cleavage ledges observable by Nomarski interference contrast on the cleavage surface prior to arrest. A homogenized model of crack tip plasticity is presented that is based on the Riedel-Rice model of stress relaxation at tips of cracks in creeping solids which serves to characterize well all nonlinear aspects of the arrest process. The results have also been contrasted with the predictions of a brittle-to-ductile fracture transition model based on defect mediated melting and were found to be uniformly inconsistent with that model.
A modular procedure for automatic red eye correction in digital photos (2003)

The paper describes an algorithm for the automatic removal of "redeye" from digital photos. First an adaptive color cast removal algorithm is applied to correct the color photo. This phase not only facilitates the subsequent steps of processing, but also improves the overall appearance of the output image. A skin detector, based mainly on analysis of the chromatic distribution of the image, creates a probability map of skin-like regions. A multi-resolution neural network approach is then exploited to create an analogous probability map of candidate faces. These two distributions are then combined to identify the most probable facial regions in the image. Redeye is searched for within these regions, seeking areas with high “redness” and applying geometric constraints to limit the number of false hits. The redeye removal algorithm is then applied automatically to the red eyes identified. Candidate areas are opportunely smoothed to avoid unnatural transitions between the corrected and original parts of the eyes. Experimental results of application of this procedure on a set of over 300 images are presented.
Myoglobin‐Clay Electrode for Nitric Oxide (NO) Detection in Solution (2004)

Abstract Sodium montmorillonite was prepared via a colloidal chemical approach and deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). Myoglobin was immobilized on the clay membrane modified electrode by spontaneous adsorption. Characterization of the myoglobin/clay/glassy carbon electrode (Mb/clay/GCE) showed a quasi‐reversible, electrochemical redox behavior of the adsorbed protein with a formal potential of −0.380±0.010 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant was found to be strongly influenced by the buffer concentration. The Mb/clay/GCE was stable for several days in solution. The interaction of the immobilized Mb with nitric oxide (NO) is characterized by coordination chemistry. The reaction was found to be reversible and could be applied for NO detection in the nanomolar concentration range by a voltammetric analysis. In addition a mixed protein electrode with co‐immmobilized myoglobin (Mb) and cytochrome c (Cyt.c) was developed. By choice of the electrode potential both proteins can be addressed independently.
The synthesis of 5,10‐dihydro‐ and 2,3,5,10‐tetrahydrothiazolo‐[3,2‐<i>b</i>] [2,4]benzodiazepines, 1,2,3,4,7,12‐hexahydrobenzothiazolo‐[3,2‐<i>b</i>] [2,4] benzodiazepine, and 9,14‐dihydro‐6<i>H</i>‐[1]benzothiopyrano‐[4′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐<i>b</i>] [2,4] benzodiazepine <i>via</i> 1,2,4,5‐Tetrahydro‐3<i>H</i>‐2,4‐benzodiazepine‐3‐thione (1968)

Abstract Catalytic reductive scission of phthalazine (II) utilizing a two‐stage palladium‐Raney nickel procedure afforded o ‐xylene‐α,α′‐diamine (III) in 97% yield. Treatment of III with carbon disulfide gave [ o ‐(aminomethyl)benzyl]dithiocarbamic acid (IV), which upon thermal cyclization furnished 1,2,4,5‐tetrahydro‐3 H ‐2,4‐benzodiazepine‐3‐thione (V). Reaction of V with 1,2‐dibromoethane, chloro‐2‐propanone, ethyl 2‐chloroacetoacetate, ethyl chloroacetate, and ethyl 2‐bromohexanoate gave 2,3,5,10‐tetrahydrothiazolo[3,2‐ b ][2,4]benzodiazepine (VII) and substituted 5,10‐dihydrothiazolo[3,2‐ b ][2,4]benzodiazepines (Villa and b, IX, and X), respectively. Condensation of V with 2‐chlorocyclohexanone and 3‐bromothiochroman‐4‐one afforded 1,2,3,4,7,12‐hexahydrobenzothiazolo[3,2‐ b ][2,4]benzodiazepine (XII) and 9,14‐dihydro‐6 H ‐[1]benzothiopyrano[4′,3′:4,5]thiazolo[3,2‐ b ][2,4]benzodiazepine(XIll). None of the compounds possessed appreciable biological activity.
Synthesis of iron carbonyl trimethylsilanes: preparations and interconversions of cis-(CO)4Fe[Si(CH3)3]2, M+[(CO)4FeSi(CH3)3]-, and trans- [Fe(CO)4Si(CH3)3]2 (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of iron carbonyl trimethylsilanes: preparations and interconversions of cis-(CO)4Fe[Si(CH3)3]2, M+[(CO)4FeSi(CH3)3]-, and trans- [Fe(CO)4Si(CH3)3]2Andrew J. Blakeney, Dennis Lee Johnson, Patrick W. Donovan, and J. A. GladyszCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 12, 4415–4419Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50226a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50226a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Compared With Computed Tomography to Determine Mitral Annulus Size Before Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation (2016)

Similar to cardiac CT, 3D-TEE allows for D-shaped MA segmentation with no systematic difference in MA dimensions between modalities. This study supports the utilization of 3D-TEE as a complementary tool to CT assessment of the D-shaped MA to determine transcatheter mitral valve implantation size.
Studies on Galalpha3-binding proteins: comparison of the glycosphingolipid binding specificities of Marasmius oreades lectin and Euonymus europaeus lectin (2003)

The carbohydrate binding preferences of the Galalpha3Galbeta4 GlcNAc-binding lectins from Marasmius oreades and Euonymus europaeus were examined by binding to glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms and in microtiter wells. The M. oreades lectin bound to Galalpha3-terminated glycosphingolipids with a preference for type 2 chains. The B6 type 2 glycosphingolipid (Galalpha3[Fucalpha2]Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) was preferred over the B5 glycosphingolipid (Galalpha3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), suggesting that the alpha2-linked Fuc is accommodated in the carbohydrate binding site, providing additional interactions. The lectin from E. europaeus had broader binding specificity. The B6 type 2 glycosphingolipid was the best ligand also for this lectin, but binding to the B6 type 1 glycosphingolipid (Galalpha3[Fucalpha2]Galbeta3GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) was also obtained. Furthermore, the H5 type 2 glycosphingolipid (Fucalpha2Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer), devoid of a terminal alpha3-linked Gal, was preferred over the the B5 glycosphingolipid, demonstrating a significant contribution to the binding affinity by the alpha2-linked Fuc. The more tolerant nature of the lectin from E. europaeus was also demonstrated by the binding of this lectin, but not the M. oreades lectin, to the x2 glycosphingolipid (GalNAcbeta3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) and GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer. The A6 type 2 glycosphingolipid (GalNAcalpha3[Fucalpha2]Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1Cer) and GalNAcalpha3Galbeta4GlcNAcbeta3Galbeta4Glcbeta1-Cer were not recognized by the lectins despite the interaction with B6 type 2 glycosphingolipid and the B5 glycosphingolipid. These observations are explained by the absolute requirement of a free hydroxyl in the 2-position of Galalpha3 and that the E. europaea lectin can accommodate a GlcNAc acetamido moiety close to this position by reorienting the terminal sugar, whereas the M. oreades lectin cannot.
Chemistry of phosphodiesters, DNA and models. 4. Microgonotropens and their interactions with DNA. 2. Quantitative evaluation of equilibrium constants for 1:1 and 2:1 binding of dien-microgonotropen-a, -b, and -c as well as distamycin and Hoechst 33258 to d(GGCGCAAATTTGGCGG)/d(CCGCCAAATTTGCGCC) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of phosphodiesters, DNA and models. 4. Microgonotropens and their interactions with DNA. 2. Quantitative evaluation of equilibrium constants for 1:1 and 2:1 binding of dien-microgonotropen-a, -b, and -c as well as distamycin and Hoechst 33258 to d(GGCGCAAATTTGGCGG)/d(CCGCCAAATTTGCGCC)Kenneth A. Browne, Gong Xin He, and Thomas C. BruiceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 16, 7072–7079Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00069a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00069a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PR Interval in middle‐aged men with overt and latent coronary heart disease compared to PR in angionegative and normal men of similar age (1982)

PR was measured prospectively in 2014 apparently healthy men ranging in age from 40 to 59 years (P subjects), and retrospectively in 652 hospitalized men with a diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) (R subjects). A cardiovascular survey examination suggested CHD in 115 of the 2014 P subjects, coronary angiography of 105 of these confirmed this suspicion in 69. The following observations concerning PR were made: (1) the shortest PR was found in angiopositive P subjects, intermediate PR in 1832 normal P subjects, and PR was longest in 36 angionegative subjects. (2) PR was shortest in angiopositive P subjects with triple-vessel disease, and longest in P subjects with single-vessel disease, (3) PR increased with age, and an inverse association was found between PR and resting heart rate in P-subjects. (4) In 98 of 1832 normal P subjects, all without signs or symptoms of heart disease, PR was greater than or equal to 0.22 s. (5) Prolonged PR was no more frequent among the 652 R subjects than among P subjects, despite significant CHD in 595, and a frequent use of drugs known to delay atrioventricular conduction. It is suggested that advanced stable clinical CHD only rarely gives rise to prolonged PR at rest, and that PR in subjects with latent CHD may have somewhat shorter PR than age counterparts without symptoms or signs of CHD. Conflicting data in the literature are probably related to differences in material and methods.
Breathy and whispery voicing in White Hmong (2008)

The White dialect of Hmong uses breathy voice as a tonal feature, and also a distinctive whispery voice as a stop consonant feature. In this paper, acoustic measurements are shown to validate the apparent differences between these two similar phonation types. In particular, relative harmonic intensity and harmonicity were found to be, in general, three ways distinct among Hmong modal, breathy, and whispery phonation. The discovery of distinctly pronounced breathy and whispery phonation in a single language has implications for the representational theory which is used to specify the phonetic grammar.
Platelet antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (1987)

In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the precise cause of the thrombocytopenia is unknown. Since platelet associated IgG is increased in many patients, it has been suggested that the destruction of platelets might be dependent on specific antibodies. In nine patients with SLE, platelet associated immunoglobulins were found together with free serum antibody which bound to platelets from all normal subjects. Using an immunoblotting technique with membrane proteins from normal platelets incubated with patient sera, target antigens were localized on a band of mol wt 108,000 in two cases (B. and N.) and on a band of mol wt 66,000 in a third (M.). When the same technique was applied to autologous platelets of patient N., autoantibody binding to the protein of mol wt 108,000 was demonstrated. The antigenic determinants were not removed from the platelets by enzyme treatment or by disulphide bond reduction, and were localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of the platelets.
Einfluß der Behandlungstemperatur beim plasmaunterstützten Gasphasenborieren mittels BCl<sub>3</sub> (1999)

Abstract Der Einfluß der Temperatur beim Plasmaborieren in einer BCl 3 ‐H 2 ‐Ar‐Gasatmosphäre auf das Borierergebnis wird durch Anwendung der optischen Emissionsspektroskopie untersucht. Es werden verschiedene Teilchenarten im Plasma identifiziert. Eine besondere Wirkung auf den Schichtaufbau hat das Teilchendichteverhältnis B*/Cl + *, das u.a. von der Behandlungstemperatur abhängt. Unter Berücksichtigung der Entladungsbedingungen gelingt es durch Stufung der Temperatur korrosive Reaktionen an der Substratoberfläche weitgehend zu unterdrücken und porenfreie Boridschichten zu erzeugen.
Methodology for balancing design and process tradeoffs for deep-subwavelength technologies (2011)

For process development of deep-subwavelength technologies, it has become accepted practice to use model-based simulation to predict systematic and parametric failures. Increasingly, these techniques are being used by designers to ensure layout manufacturability, as an alternative to, or complement to, restrictive design rules. The benefit of model-based simulation tools in the design environment is that manufacturability problems are addressed in a design-aware way by making appropriate trade-offs, e.g., between overall chip density and manufacturing cost and yield. The paper shows how library elements and the full ASIC design flow benefit from eliminating hot spots and improving design robustness early in the design cycle. It demonstrates a path to yield optimization and first time right designs implemented in leading edge technologies. The approach described herein identifies those areas in the design that could benefit from being fixed early, leading to design updates and avoiding later design churn by careful selection of design sensitivities. This paper shows how to achieve this goal by using simulation tools incorporating various models from sparse to rigorously physical, pattern detection and pattern matching, checking and validating failure thresholds.
ChemInform Abstract: Sulfinylnitriles: Sulfinyl—Metal Exchange—Alkylation Strategies. (2013)

Abstract Sulfinylnitriles are easily undergoing a sulfinyl↔metal exchange, allowing a further reaction with various electrophiles.
Water landing characteristics of a model of a winged reentry vehicle (1972)

Proposed manned space shuttle vehicles are expected to land on airport runways. In an emergency situation, however, the vehicle may be required to land on water. A 1/10-scale dynamic model of a winged reentry vehicle was investigated to determine the water landing characteristics. Two configurations of the proposed vehicle were studied. Configuration 1 had a 30 deg negative dihedral of the stabilizer-elevon surface whereas configuration 2 had a 30 deg positive dihedral. Results indicate that the maximum normal accelerations for configurations 1 and 2 when landing in calm water were approximately 8g and 6g, respectively, and the maximum longitudinal accelerations were approximately 5g and 3g, respectively. A small hydroflap was needed to obtain satisfactory calm-water landings with configuration 2, whereas configuration 1 gave good landings without a hydroflap. All landings made in rough water resulted in unsatisfactory motions. For landings made in three different wave sizes, both configurations dived. The maximum normal accelerations for configurations 1 and 2 when landing in waves were -10.1g and -18.7g, respectively, and the maximum longitudinal accelerations for both configurations were approximately 13g.
A symmetric space of noncompact type has no equivariant isometric immersions into the Euclidean space (1981)

Let M be a Riemannian globally symmetric space of noncompact type. Let G be the identity-connected component of the isometry group of M. Then
Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroxy‐1‐epilupinine. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Atypical depression: Enhanced right hemispheric dominance for perceiving emotional chimeric faces. (2002)

Two studies compared hemispatial bias for perceiving chimeric faces in patients having either atypical or typical depression and healthy controls. A total of 245 patients having major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymia (164 with atypical features) and 115 controls were tested on the Chimeric Faces Test. Atypical depression differed from typical depression and controls in showing abnormally large right hemisphere bias. This was present in patients having either MDD or dysthymia and was not related to anxiety, physical anhedonia, or vegetative symptoms. In contrast, patients having MDD with melancholia showed essentially no right hemisphere bias. This is further evidence that atypical depression is a biologically distinct subtype and underscores the importance of this diagnostic distinction for neurophysiologic studies.
Risk factors for HIV-2 infection in The Gambia (1991)

A serosurvey was carried out to assess the prevalence of HIV infection in The Gambia and the importance of possible risk factors. The overall prevalence of HIV-2 infection among the 4228 adults studied was 1.7% while that of HIV-1 was 0.1%. The prevalence of HIV-2 was similar in both sexes but higher among those greater than 25 years of age and those who lived in two small towns along a main transport route. Among men, multivariate analysis showed prevalence of HIV-2 infection was significantly greater among those in the more affluent occupations, those without a secondary education and those with a history of urethral discharge. Among women, infection was more frequent in divorcees and widows and those who had been married several times. The prevalence was also higher in individuals born in Guinea-Bissau and in an ethnic group which originated there.
Condition Ranking and Rating of Bridges Using Fuzzy Logic (2012)

Fuzzy Logic -Emerging Technologies and Applications
Effets d'une hyperglycémie prolongée sur le métabolisme glucidique du chien normal (1962)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Classification of Human Gaze in Spatial Guidance and Control (2015)

Visual gaze movement is one of the main processes in human interaction with the physical environment, and is a manifestation of the visual perception process. In humans, the interaction of gaze with environment involves mainly three patterns including fixation, smooth pursuit and saccade. This paper investigates two classification techniques to identify gaze patterns: an empirical threshold method and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). A registration process was initially performed to transform the gaze and environmental visual cues into a common coordinate system, which provides an additional feature to construct gaze models. With the gaze models, the HMM method accurately identifies gaze patterns in gaze trajectories, and in addition enables three types of applications. One is the detailed analysis of visuo-motor control behavior. The second is gaze-mediated teleoperation, showing the real-time capability of the gaze classification method. The third is the application to surgery tasks, enabling surgical skill analysis.
Accurate Coupler Pressure Calibration of Condenser Microphones at Middle Frequencies (1960)

The technique whereby the reciprocity theorem is applied to the determination of the pressure sensitivities of microphones has been modified to improve the reliability and accuracy of the measurements. Sensitivities are measured in terms of the volume of a cavity, the capacity of a fixed condenser, and the variable setting of an accurate potentiometer. Six different pairs of measurements are made instead of three, which is the minimum possible number: this enables check to be made on the internal consistency of each calibration. The accuracy of the measured sensitivities is estimated to be ±0.05 db on an absolute scale and ±0.03 db relative to each other. This technique has been employed to measure the properties of several condenser microphones of each of three well known types over periods ranging from five months to two years. Results are given for their temperature and pressure coefficients, effective volumes due to nonrigidity of their diaphragms and drift with the passing of time.