gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic Intensity Gain by Composite Transducers (1962)

The radiation of plane acoustic waves into a medium by composite layered transducers composed of a piezoelectric element and two lossless coupling media is described analytically. The increase in acoustic intensity in the medium receiving the radiation produced by the composite structure over that produced by direct coupling (piezoelectric element in contact with the medium), for the same value of the electric field strength, is considered quantitatively and the results are presented graphically. Composite transducers of the type described can be expected to achieve considerably higher ultrasonic intensities (1000-fold increase) in both unfocused and focused beams than have heretofore been realized.
The Reliability of 30 &#x03BC;m pitch COG joints fabricated using Sn/Cu bumps and non-conductive adhesive (2007)

We developed a reliable and ultra-fine pitch chip on glass (COG) bonding technique using non-conductive adhesive (NCA). Sn was used as a bump material because it has a high plastic deformation capability and it is cheaper than an Au bump. Sn bumps were formed using photolithographic and electroplating and reflowed to form the half-dome shape. Reflowed Sn bumps were used to reduce the NCA trapping. COG bonding was performed between the reflowed Sn/Cu bumps on the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si wafer and ITO/Au/Cu/Ti/ glass substrate at 150degC by using a thermo-compression bonder. The bonded specimens were subjected to reliability test.
Modeling and stress analyses of a normal foot-ankle and a prosthetic foot-ankle complex (2013)

Total ankle replacement (TAR) is a relatively new concept and is becoming more popular for treatment of ankle arthritis and fractures. Because of the high costs and difficulties of experimental studies, the developments of TAR prostheses are progressing very slowly. For this reason, the medical imaging techniques such as CT, and MR have become more and more useful. The finite element method (FEM) is a widely used technique to estimate the mechanical behaviors of materials and structures in engineering applications. FEM has also been increasingly applied to biomechanical analyses of human bones, tissues and organs, thanks to the development of both the computing capabilities and the medical imaging techniques. 3-D finite element models of the human foot and ankle from reconstruction of MR and CT images have been investigated by some authors. In this study, data of geometries (used in modeling) of a normal and a prosthetic foot and ankle were obtained from a 3D reconstruction of CT images. The segmentation software, MIMICS was used to generate the 3D images of the bony structures, soft tissues and components of prosthesis of normal and prosthetic ankle-foot complex. Except the spaces between the adjacent surface of the phalanges fused, metatarsals, cuneiforms, cuboid, navicular, talus and calcaneus bones, soft tissues and components of prosthesis were independently developed to form foot and ankle complex. SOLIDWORKS program was used to form the boundary surfaces of all model components and then the solid models were obtained from these boundary surfaces. Finite element analyses software, ABAQUS was used to perform the numerical stress analyses of these models for balanced standing position. Plantar pressure and von Mises stress distributions of the normal and prosthetic ankles were compared with each other. There was a peak pressure increase at the 4th metatarsal, first metatarsal and talus bones and a decrease at the intermediate cuneiform and calcaneus bones, in prosthetic ankle-foot complex compared to normal one. The predicted plantar pressures and von Misses stress distributions for a normal foot were consistent with other FE models given in the literature. The present study is aimed to open new approaches for the development of ankle prosthesis.
Increasing the efficiency of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene catalyzed by polyoxometalate based ionic liquid (2013)

A highly efficient intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system for polypropylene is constructed by adding a polyoxometalate based ionic liquid (PIL) into conventional PP/IFR composites. The PP composite with 14.5 wt% IFR and 0.5 wt% PIL can pass the UL-94 V-0, while that for single IFR is more than 25 wt%.
A micro light-beam spot-size converter using a hemicylindrical GRIN-slab tip with high-index contrast (2005)

A simple light-beam spot-size converter (SSC) using a microscale graded-index (GRIN)-slab tip with a hemicylindrical endface for efficient coupling between a single-mode fiber and a fine-core waveguide is reported. Numerical examples based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method have shown that the tip made of a-SiO/sub x/:H is capable of coupling a narrow field, 0.5 /spl mu/m in radius at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m, to a 5.3-/spl mu/m radius standard single-mode fiber with a coupling loss as low as 0.07 dB. A micro GRIN slab with an index difference of as much as 34% was successfully fabricated. It has been confirmed experimentally that a GRIN slab with a hemicylindrical endface of 27-/spl mu/m radii, a thickness of 33 /spl mu/m, and a length of 35 /spl mu/m, is capable of converting a spot radius of a single-mode fiber (5.3 /spl mu/m) into a spot radius of 1.1 /spl mu/m at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m.
Chromosomal radiosensitivity of lymphocytes from Alzheimer's disease patients. (1990)

We have examined chromosome aberrations in gamma irradiated (3 Gy) lymphocytes from five patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In each case, the number of dicentrics was significantly higher than the number in irradiated lymphocytes from five age matched normal subjects, the mean value for AD cells being about 25% higher. There was no significant difference in number of acentrics between AD and normal cells. Examination of the number of first, second, and third division metaphases, using fluorescence plus Giemsa staining, indicated that there was no difference in cycling time between AD and normal cells, and that after irradiation both groups showed the same mitotic delay. The similarity of our findings to those of others with irradiated Down's syndrome cells (from adult patients) is discussed.
Rescue Neuromuscular Blockade in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Should Be Flat Dose (2019)

Both authors: Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. Supported, in part, by grant U01 HL-123031 from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (to Dr. Hyzy). Dr. Hyzy’s institution received funding from National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, and he received support for article research from the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Co has disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest. For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]
SERUM VISFATIN LEVEL IN RELATION TO THE SEVERITY OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE (2021)

Background: Visfatin is a novel adipocytokine which mainly found in visceral adipose tissue. Visfatin may be related to endothelial function, which is indispensable for coronary circulation, and may be an indicator of an inflammatory event in the coronary arteries. Objective: To evaluate the severity of Coronary Artery Disease in relation to serum visfatin level. Patients and Methods: This was a case-control study done at Bab El-Sharia University Hospital, Al-Azhar University, arranged to conduct 90 Egyptian patients underwent elective coronary angiography for suspected CAD. Patients were divided into 60 patients with CAD (patients group), and 30 patients with normal coronary angiography (control group).The severity of CAD was assessed using coronary angiography by estimating the number of vessels affected. Patients with CAD were divided equally to: diabetic patients with coronary artery disease and non-diabetic patients with coronary artery disease. Results: Visfatin was higher in patients group in comparison to control group; it was 16.68 ± 4.67 and 2.95 ± 0.87 respectively, and it was clear that the serum level of visfatin was significantly higher in groups with more vessels involvement. As the Mean ± SD of visfatin in one vessel group was 13.13 ± 2.77 and was 16.95 ± 2.89 and 21.99 ± 3.91 in two vessels and three vessels respectively. In comparison between diabetic and non-diabetic patients, visfatin was significantly higher in diabetic patients with coronary disease artery disease (Mean ± SD: 18.97 ± 4.54) than non-diabetic patients with coronary artery (Mean ± SD: 14.39 ± 3.59). Conclusion: Patients with CAD showed increased visfatin serum levels particularly diabetics. Moreover, high visfatin levels were significantly correlated with CAD severity.
<title>Atlas warping for brain morphometry</title> (1998)

In this work, we describe an automated approach to morphometry based on spatial normalizations of the data, and demonstrate its application to the analysis of gender differences in the human corpus callosum. The purpose is to describe a population by a reduced and representative set of variables, from which a prior model can be constructed. Our approach is rooted in the assumption that individual anatomies can be considered as quantitative variations on a common underlying qualitative plane. We can therefore imagine that a given individual's anatomy is a warped version of some referential anatomy, also known as an atlas. The spatial warps which transform a labeled atlas into anatomic alignment with a population yield immediate knowledge about organ size and shape in the group. Furthermore, variation within the set of spatial warps is directly related to the anatomic variation among the subjects. Specifically, the shape statistics--mean and variance of the mappings--for the population can be calculated in a special basis, and an eigendecomposition of the variance performed to identify the most significant modes of shape variation. The results obtained with the corpus callosum study confirm the existence of substantial anatomical differences between males and females, as reported in previous experimental work.
Connexins Are Critical for Normal Myelination in the CNS (2003)

Mutations in Cx32, a gap-junction channel-forming protein, result in X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a demyelinating disease of the peripheral nervous system. However, although oligodendrocytes express Cx32, central myelination is unaffected. To explore this discrepancy, we searched for additional oligodendrocyte connexins. We found Cx47, which is expressed specifically in oligodendrocytes, regulated in parallel with myelin genes and partially colocalized with Cx32 in oligodendrocytes. Mice lacking either Cx47 or Cx32 are viable. However, animals lacking both connexins die by postnatal week 6 from profound abnormalities in central myelin, characterized by thin or absent myelin sheaths, vacuolation, enlarged periaxonal collars, oligodendrocyte cell death, and axonal loss. These data provide the first evidence that gap-junction communication is crucial for normal central myelination.
Deep Forest: Towards An Alternative to Deep Neural Networks (2017)

In this paper, we propose gcForest, a decision tree ensemble approach with performance highly competitive to deep neural networks in a broad range of tasks. In contrast to deep neural networks which require great effort in hyper-parameter tuning, gcForest is much easier to train; even when it is applied to different data across different domains in our experiments, excellent performance can be achieved by almost same settings of hyper-parameters. The training process of gcForest is efficient, and users can control training cost according to computational resource available. The efficiency may be further enhanced because gcForest is naturally apt to parallel implementation. Furthermore, in contrast to deep neural networks which require large-scale training data, gcForest can work well even when there are only small-scale training data.
Principle and application of high voltage perfect harmony high voltage frequency converter (2010)

The perfect non-overtone high pressure frequency changer has the velocity modulation precision to be high,the power factor is high,does not have the overtone also the energy conservation effect perfectly remarkable and so on the characteristics.This paper has described the structure and principle of perfect harmony high voltage frequency converter.The operating characteristics are introduced.it has also obtained the good effect in practical application.
Corrosion of Metals in Sea Water (1960)

The Office of Saline Water is directing a large number of investigations into the feasibility of new processes for producing fresh water starting with sea or brackish water as a source. It is desired that these plants last for 20 years or more. This paper points up ways in which the economic waste resulting from corrosion in saline water plants can be avoided. The article is based on a review of the corrosion literature and on consultations with marine experts in the field. Of the many materials for distillation plants, steel is the most important. It can be used to handle sea water below 250° F., if proper steps are taken such as the removal of all air (oxygen) from solution. For severe service and better performance metals like titanium, Hastelloy C, Monel, cupro-nickels, aluminum, aluminum brass, or Admiralty brass are used.
Investigating the Stability Mechanism of Water-in-Diluted Bitumen Emulsions through Isolation and Characterization of the Stabilizing Materials at the Interface (2002)

In oil sand industry, formation of a stable salty water-in-diluted bitumen emulsion poses a serious corrosion problem at the bitumen upgrading plant. Previous studies indicated the presence of a “critical concentration” of bitumen in the emulsion, above which the oil−water interface is flexible and the water-in-diluted bitumen emulsion is stable, but below which the interface becomes rigid and the emulsion is unstable. The cause of this critical concentration was investigated through isolation and characterization of the interfacial material from the emulsions both below and above the critical concentration. The analytical data showed that, in heptane/toluene(1:1)-diluted bitumen emulsions, the flexible interfacial film is composed of a mixture of asphaltene and carboxylic salts with a combined H/C ratio of 1.32 while the rigid interfacial film is composed of asphaltene alone with a H/C ratio of 1.13. The carboxylic salts are water insoluble and are likely sodium naphthenates containing >20 carbons. The presence of sodium naphthenates might hinder the conformational change of asphaltene at the interface, necessary for rigid film formation.
Awareness Elements In Web Based Cooperative Writing Applications (2009)

In this paper, we present our practical experience of exploring Web based Cooperative Writing Applications(CWA), a kind of groupware which supports people working in groups to achieve common tasks. While producing cooperatively, participants need structured information about activities of their colleagues and the shared production. Without these features, the cooperative production would be inconsistent and incoherent. We study awareness functionalities integrated into several CWAs on the basis of present and past elements, the kind of communication service, and coordination mechanism. The objective of this study is to investigate the trade-off concerning awareness and to provide evaluation assistance to a group or a member in choosing an application for joint production.
Bipolar Cells Contribute to Nonlinear Spatial Summation in the Brisk-Transient (Y) Ganglion Cell in Mammalian Retina (2001)

The receptive field of the Y-ganglion cell comprises two excitatory mechanisms: one integrates linearly over a narrow field, and the other integrates nonlinearly over a wide field. The linear mechanism has been attributed to input from bipolar cells, and the nonlinear mechanism has been attributed to input from a class of amacrine cells whose nonlinear "subunits" extend across the linear receptive field and beyond. However, the central component of the nonlinear mechanism could in theory be driven by bipolar input if that input were rectified. Recording intracellularly from the Y-cell in guinea pig retina, we blocked the peripheral component of the nonlinear mechanism with tetrodotoxin and found the remaining nonlinear receptive field to be precisely co-spatial with the central component of the linear receptive field. Both linear and nonlinear mechanisms were caused by an excitatory postsynaptic potential that reversed near 0 mV. The nonlinear mechanism depended neither on acetylcholine nor on feedback involving GABA or glycine. Thus the central components of the ganglion cell's linear and nonlinear mechanisms are apparently driven by synapses from the same rectifying bipolar cell.
A New SRAM Cell Design for Both Power and Performance Efficiency (2009)

This paper presents a new six-transistor static random access memory (6 T SRAM) cell with significantly reduced power consumption that achieves high read and write performance. Unlike traditional 6 T SRAMs, this study proposes an asymmetric 6 T SRAM which uses a single line to implement read or write operations without reducing performance. This design not only reduces power consumption, but also improves read and write performance. The proposed SRAM design is implemented with UMC 90 nm, 1.0-V supply voltage CMOS technologies. Compared to conventional six transistor SRAM cells, the new cell design successfully power consumption by 40-60%. In addition, the read and write performance has been improved by 13.6% and 41.2%.
관광자원의 분류체계에 관한 연구 (1988)

It has been often criticized that the classification system of tourist attraction was deficient in positive approach. For decades, the research on tourism resources has been restricted to narrow limits such as resources analysis and development. Before this analysis, reviewed were the various systems such as continuum approaches, spectrum approaches, horizontal approaches and integrated approaches, in addition to tourism factors and sub-systems. In particular, classification methodology was observed in terms of attraction mix and line with reference to the various scholar`s establishment-study of past and recent literatures over cultures. Despite the different perspective concerning attraction among countries, the importance of destination mix was found to be an important attraction factor for tourist decisions.
Differential permeability of the blood-tumour barrier in intracerebral tumour-bearing rats: antidrug antibody to achieve systemic drug rescue. (1994)

The feasibility of utilizing the differential permeability of the blood-tumour barrier to low- vs. high-molecular-weight compounds is demonstrated in a brain tumour model. Nude rats (n = 27) with or without intracerebral tumours received intravenous [3H]methotrexate (M(r) 454), followed 60 min later by antimethotrexate antibody (M(r) 150,000) or nonspecific mouse antibody. Antimethotrexate antibody resulted in 93% binding of serum methotrexate. In contrast, the percentage of antibody-bound methotrexate in brain and intracerebral tumour was only slightly greater than preantibody protein binding. Methotrexate delivery to tumour was significantly greater than to brain adjacent to tumour and normal brain. The percentage delivery of [3H]methotrexate to all areas of brain was similar between animals receiving antimethotrexate antibody and nonspecific antibody. These findings support the theory that a drug rescue method may be developed that may permit the safe administration of increased dosages of chemotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of intracerebral tumours.
Antifibrotic Effects of a Polysaccharide Extracted from Ganoderma lucidum, Glycyrrhizin, and Pentoxifylline in Rats with Cirrhosis Induced by Biliary Obstruction. (1997)

For the past few years, we have been investigating polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum as antifibrotic agents. In a previous study, we discovered that polysaccharides extracted from G. Iucidum lowered the collagen content in liver but had no effect on serum biochemical parameters in rats subjected to bile duct ligation and scission-induced fibrosis. In this study, we changed the extraction method and obtained polysaccharides extracted from G. Iucidum. The polysaccharide from G. Iucidum reduced the serum aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin and also reduced the collagen content in liver and improved the morphology. Pentoxifylline, which is reported to exhibit an antifibrotic effect in pigs with fibrosis induced by yellow phosphorus, did not have any antifibrotic effects in fibrosis induced by biliary obstruction. Glycyrrhizin, which is used in the treatment of hepatitis, reduced serum ALT and AST values but there was no significance. It had no effect on liver hydroxyproline content which implies that glycyrrhizin has no antifibrotic effect in the rats with fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation and scission. These data suggest that the polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum could be a promising antifibrotic agent. However, further study is needed to understand the inhibition mechanism of collagen deposition of polysaccharides from Ganoderma Iucidum and its clinical applicability remains to be established.
Performance of an unstable oscillator on a 30-kW CW gas dynamic laser (1971)

Mode-control experiments at a 30-kW CW power level with an unstable resonator at a high Fresnel number were performed on a gas dynamic laser. Near- and far-field intensity distributions were obtained that are consistent with theoretical values for an approximately twice diffraction-limited beam. Under these conditions, the output power was more than half of the maximum multi-mode power.
Modulating effect of resveratrol and quercetin on oral cancer cell growth and proliferation (1999)

Resveratrol and quercetin are polyphenols which have been detected in significant amounts in green vegetables, citrus fruits and red grape wines. Beneficial effects attributed to these compounds include anti-inflammatory, antiviral and antitumor properties. The effect of resveratrol and quercetin on growth of human oral cancer cells is unknown. Resveratrol and quercetin, in concentrations of 1 to 100 microM, were incubated in triplicates with human oral squamous carcinoma cells SCC-25 in DMEM-HAM's F-12 supplemented with fetal calf serum and antibiotics in an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 37 degrees C for 72 h. Cell growth was determined by counting the number of viable cells with a hemocytometer. Cell proliferation was measured by means of incorporation of [3H]thymidine in nuclear DNA. Resveratrol at 10 and 100 microM induced significant dose-dependent inhibition in cell growth as well as in DNA synthesis. Quercetin exhibited a biphasic effect, stimulation at 1 and 10 microM, and minimal inhibition at 100 microM in cell growth and DNA synthesis. Combining 50 microM of resveratrol with 10, 25 and 50 microM of quercetin resulted in a gradual and significant increase in the inhibitory effect of quercetin on cell growth and DNA synthesis. We conclude that resveratrol or a combination of resveratrol and quercetin, in concentrations equivalent to that present in red wines, are effective inhibitors of oral squamous carcinoma cell (SCC-25) growth and proliferation, and warrant further investigation as cancer chemopreventive agents.
Association of Megacolon with Two Recessive Spotting Genes in the Mouse (1966)

Journal Article Association of Megacolon with Two Recessive Spotting Genes in the Mouse Get access PRISCILLA W. LANE PRISCILLA W. LANE *The Jackson LaboratoryBar Harbor Maine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 57, Issue 1, January 1966, Pages 29–31, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a107457 Published: 01 January 1966