gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and Sign Scaling in Power-Law Correlated Time Series (2001)

A time series can be decomposed into two sub-series: a magnitude series and a sign series. Here we analyze separately the scaling properties of the magnitude series and the sign series using the increment time series of cardiac interbeat intervals as an example. We find that time series having identical distributions and long-range correlation properties can exhibit quite different temporal organizations of the magnitude and sign sub-series. From the cases we study, it follows that the long-range correlations in the magnitude series indicate nonlinear behavior. Specifically, our results suggest that the correlation exponent of the magnitude series is a monotonically increasing function of the multifractal spectrum width of the original series. On the other hand, the sign series mainly relates to linear properties of the original series. We also show that the magnitude and sign series of the heart interbeat interval series can be used for diagnosis purposes.
Purification and Characterization of Cytochrome P-450 with High Affinity for 7-Alkoxycoumarins1 (1984)

A unique form of cytochrome P-450 (called P-450(2] with high affinity for 7-alkoxycoumarins was purified from liver microsomes of phenobarbital-treated rabbits with an overall yield of about 0.6%. The purified preparation had a specific cytochrome P-450 content of 15-16 nmol per mg of protein and was homogenous on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight estimated for P-450(2) was 50,500. In the oxidized state its absorption spectrum was characteristic of low-spin cytochrome P-450. The activity of purified P-450(2) to catalyze O-dealkylation of several 7-alkoxycoumarins in the reconstituted system was compared with those of P-450(1), the major phenobarbital-inducible form in rabbit liver microsomes, and rat P-448(2), purified from liver microsomes of beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats. With 7-ethoxycoumarin as substrate, the pH optimum for P-450(2) was 6.5, whereas those for P-450(1) and rat P-448(2) were 7.5-8.0. P-450(2) showed Km values of 0.38 to 1.4 microM for the five alkoxycoumarins tested, whereas the corresponding Km values determined for P-450(1) and rat P-448(2) were 40- to 700-fold higher. The Km values of P-450(2) and P-450(1) were relatively unaffected by the length of the alkyl chain in the alkoxycoumarins, whereas those of rat P-448(2), decreased markedly as the length of the alkyl chain increased. For all the three forms of cytochrome P-450, the highest Vmax values were observed with 7-ethoxycoumarin, and Vmax values tended to decrease with increase in the alkyl chain length in the substrate. Only P-450(2) catalyzed 7-hydroxylation of coumarin, though at a low rate. Progressive and irreversible inactivation of P-450(2), but not P-450(1) and rat P-448(2), was observed during the catalysis of 7-methoxycoumarin O-demethylation, and this inactivation was considerably prevented by inclusion of cytochrome b5 in the reconstituted system.
Directed Sprays and Liquid Baits to Manage Ants in Vineyards and Citrus Groves 1 (2003)

Chemical treatments were evaluated for efficacy against spe- cific ant pests in two perennial field crop systems. A directed spray of Lorsban applied in grape vineyards resulted in significant reductions of Formica per- pilosa Wheeler (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for 9 wk. Significant reductions in the number of foraging Argentine ants, Linepithema humile (Mayr) (Hy- menoptera: Formicidae), were obtained in citrus for the 4-mo duration of a test with a liquid bait delivery system containing either 0.0001% fipronil or thia- methoxam in 25% sucrose water.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC AND PRELIMINARY HEMODYNAMIC AND WHOLE ANIMAL TOXICITY STUDIES ON (R,S)‐, (R)‐, AND (S)‐2‐METHYL‐3‐(2,4,5‐TRIHYDROXYPHENYL)ALANINE (1981)

Abstract Der Aldehyd (Ia) liefert mit Nitroethan das Kondensationsprodukt (Ib), das zum Propanon (Ic) mit Eisen/Essigsäure reduziert wird.
Excited state dynamics of 3,6-diaryl-1,2,4,5-tetrazines. Experimental and theoretical studies (2012)

The photophysical behavior was studied of three symmetrical 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives substituted with two aromatic substituents (phenyl: DPT; p-methoxyphenyl: DAT; thiophen-2-yl: DTT). The UV–visible absorption spectra of these compounds in cyclohexane and acetonitrile show two absorption maxima at 500–550 nm and 290–330 nm, as well as a shoulder at lower energies on the latter absorption band. The electronic transitions were assigned on the basis of TD-DFT calculations. In contrast with some other tetrazine derivatives, these compounds exhibit only weak fluorescence (Φf ≈ 10−4 to 10−3) from the S1 (nπ*) state. When the molecules are excited to a higher energy ππ* state, fluorescence from the nth excited state (n = 6 for DPT, n = 5 for DAT and n = 4 for DTT) is detected. Time-correlated single photon counting (TC-SPC) and femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) measurements showed that internal conversion from the Sn state to the S1 state is unusually slow, of the order of 30 ps for DTT and 20 ps for DAT.
Active and Intelligent Materials for Food Packaging Applications (2017)

World Health Organization (WHO) reveals the growing problem of food-borne illness around the world. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are getting sick from contaminated food, because 1/3 - 1/2 of food products are not consumed (EC Directives 80/590/EEC and 89/109/EEC). Therefore, the preservation of food freshness and shelf life extension is important task for researchers around the world. In the last decade, much attention is paid to active and intelligent packaging investigation, development and practical application. Active packaging (AP) is defined as a type of packaging that changes the condition of the packaging to extend shelf life or to improve safety or sensory properties while maintaining the quality of the packaged food. Several AP systems have been widely reported, such as O2 and ethylene scavengers, moisture regulators, CO2 emitters, antioxidant and antimicrobial controlled-release packages, and devices to control the release or adsorption of flavours and odours [1]. Intelligent packaging (IP) is defined as technology that uses the packaging system communication function to monitor changes in the internal and external environments. IP aims to convey information to the stakeholders of the food supply chains (e.g., manufacturers, retailers, and consumers) related to the food's quality. Basically there are three intelligent systems: sensors, indicators and radiofrequency identification (RFID) [1]. The perspective goal for the future is the integration of several functions within only one device (multi-functional intelligent packaging), as well as the development of new functions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chloride to Bromide Exchange: Preparation of 1‐Bromoalkyl Carbonates. (1989)

Abstract Several methods are tested for the conversion of 1‐chloroalkyl carbonates such as (I) or (III) into the corresponding bromides such as (II) and (IV).
Ontogeny of tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the neuropil close to locus caeruleus (1994)

We aimed to characterize tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression within the pericaerulean area (PCA) during postnatal development. Levels of TH along the caudorostral axis of the locus caeruleus (LC) showed a dramatic increase in the PCA beyond day 21. This was due to the extension of the TH-containing area, particularly organized in the ventrolateral and longitudinal directions. As dendrites of LC neurones were observed at long distances within this PCA, such an increase in TH distribution could affect functions related to the LC.
The Virtual Gas Turbine System for Alloy Assesment (2004)

In the "High Temperature Materials 21" (HTM21) project, we developed a virtual gas turbine (VT) system as a combination of an alloy design program and a gas turbine design program. The VT is a simplified automatic gas turbine simulation program that can be used on personal computers. The VT performs simplified aerodynamic, cooling, and structural analysis calculations based on preset design parameters, which were tuned for a medium-size 1300C-class land-base gas turbine. By using the VT, we estimate the plant performance (thermal efficiency, CO 2 emission rate, etc.) as well as the life of the components, such as the creep rupture life of blades, for any new superalloys with arbitrary alloy compositions. In this study, the following alloys were evaluated in the VT with the turbine inlet gas temperature (TIT) up to 1700C : Rene-N5 and TMS-82+ ; (second-generation SC superalloys), and TMS-138 and TMS-138++ ; (fourth-and fifth-generation SC superalloys containing Ru).
Retrocorneal Membrane With Descemet's Detachment (2001)

This unusual clinical finding may represent reduplicated Descemet's membrane with partial Descemet's detachment secondary to occult deep herpes simplex keratitis. Other possibilities include spontaneous or traumatic Descemet's tear and detachment.
Production of Ti-6Al-4V Sheets for Low Temperature Superplastic Forming (2007)

The availability to produce Ti-6Al-4V sheet material with submicron-grained microstructure for superplastic forming (SPF) has been studied. The laboratory scale sheets with an average grain size of 0.3 μm and the commercial size sheets with an average grain size of 0.65 μm were produced by pack rolling manufacturing technique from the forgings with pre-formed submicrocrystalline (SMC) structure. The sheets possessing isotropic mechanical properties in the sheet plane had higher yield strength, ultimate tensile strength. Over the exceptionally low temperature range of 700-750°C the SMC sheets demonstrated enhanced superplastic properties, namely an initial flow stress of 20-25 MPa and elongation more than 600% at the strain rate of 3×10-4/s. The sheet material with SMC structure was characterized by well formability compared to a conventional sheet under low temperature superplastic conditions.
Manipulating electromagnetic radiation with magnetic photonic crystals (2007)

We examine manipulating electromagnetic waves in magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs) with external magnetic fields. We predict new giant magnetoreflectivity and giant magnetorefractivity effects: with an external magnetic field of a magnitude much smaller than the anisotropy field of the ferromagnet, the MPC can be changed from completely reflecting to nonreflecting with corresponding changes in the angle of refraction. Application to the storage of electromagnetic radiation is also discussed.
Signes précoces des schizophrénies : des prodromes à la notion de prévention (2015)

Les troubles schizophréniques, qui débutent chez l’adolescent et l’adulte jeune, représentent à eux seuls la 3 e cause de handicap, devant les pathologies somatiques. Cet ouvrage synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur les phases précoces des troubles schizophréniques. Il décrit les différents symptômes évocateurs, les frontières avec d’autres troubles du développement et les outils pour les explorer. Il présente une revue des anomalies biologiques, cognitives, et cérébrales associées aux phases précoces de la maladie et les modèles de compréhension de l’émergence des troubles, en lien avec les processus de maturation cérébrale à l’adolescence. Enfin, il détaille les modalités de prises en charge thérapeutique et discute des enjeux de la détection précoce et la rupture que constitue l’introduction de la notion de stade évolutif de la maladie, d’état mental à risque et de prévention des psychoses.
Monitoring Adaptable SOA Systems using SALMon (2008)

Adaptability is a key feature of Service-Oriented-Architecture (SOA) Systems. These systems must evolve themselves in order to ensure their initial requirement as well as to satisfy arising new ones. In SOA Systems there are a lot of dependencies between services, but each service is an independent element of the system. In this situation it is necessary not only ensuring that the system fulfils its requirements but also that every system satisfies its own requirements, and dynamically adapting the system when some of them cannot be ensured. In this paper we propose a SOA system, named Service Level Agreement Monitor (SALMon), for monitoring and adapting SOA Systems at run time. SALMon is based on monitoring the services for detecting Service Level Agreement (SLA) violations. The SALMon architecture is composed of three types of components: Monitors, which are composed of measure instruments themselves; the Analyzer, which checks the SLA rules; and the Decision Maker that performs corrective actions to satisfy SLA rules again. These three types of components are mostly technology-independent and the act as service inside of a SOA system making our architecture very scalable and comfortable for its purpose.
High signal intensity halo around the carotid artery on maximum intensity projection images of time‐of‐flight MR angiography: A new sign for intraplaque hemorrhage (2008)

High signal intensity halo around the carotid artery on the MIP images of TOF MR angiography is useful in the noninvasive detection of a fresh or recent carotid intraplaque hemorrhage.
Controlling coronavirus at conferences (2021)

With several key exhibitions and conferences on the horizon, Simon Jones asks what organisers are doing to instil confidence among delegates
Contactless thin adaptive mirror technology: past, present, and future (2010)

The contactless, voice coil motor adaptive mirror technology starts from an idea by Piero Salinari in 1993. This idea has progressively evolved to real systems thanks to a fruitful collaboration involving Italian research institutes (INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri and Aerospace Department of Politecnico di Milano) and small Italian enterprises (Microgate and ADS). Collaboration between research institutions and industry is still very effectively in place, but nowadays the technology has left the initial R&D phase reaching a stage in which the whole projects are managed by the industrial entities. In this paper we present the baseline concept and its evolution, describing the main progress milestones. These are paced by the actual implementation of this idea into real systems, from MMT, to LBT, Magellan, VLT, GMT and E-ELT. The fundamental concept and layout has remained unchanged through this evolution, maintaining its intrinsic advantages: tolerance to actuators' failures, mechanical de-coupling and relaxed tolerances between correcting mirror and reference structure, large stroke, hysteresis-free behavior. Moreover, this concept has proved its expandability to very large systems with thousands of controlled d.o.f. Notwithstanding the solidity of the fundamentals, the implementation has strongly evolved from the beginning, in order to deal with the dimensional, power, maintainability and reliability constraints imposed by the increased size of the targeted systems.
Input und Output beim 68000 (1985)

Zwei wichtige Hardware-Operationen, die ein Mikroprozessor ausführt, sind das Lesen der Daten von einem Eingang (Input) und das Schreiben der Daten auf einen Ausgang (Output). Dieses Kapitel bespricht die Einzelheiten des Datenaustausches zwischen dem 68000 und einer Eingangs- und Ausgangsschaltung.
An optoelectronic nose for identification of explosives (2015)

Compact and portable methods for identification of explosives are increasingly needed for both civilian and military applications. A portable optoelectronic nose for the gas-phase identification of explosive materials is described that uses a highly cross-reactive colorimetric sensor array and a handheld scanner. The array probes a wide range of chemical reactivities using 40 chemically responsive colorimetric indicators, including pH sensors, metal-dye salts, redox-sensitive chromogenic compounds, solvatochromic dyes, and other chromogenic indicators. Sixteen separate analytes including common explosives, homemade explosives, and characteristic explosive components were differentiated into fourteen separate classes with a classification error rate of <1%. Portable colorimetric array sensing could represent an important, complementary part of the toolbox used in practical applications of explosives detection and identification.
ChemInform Abstract: Tailor‐Made α‐Amino Acids in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Synthetic Approaches to (1R,2S)‐1‐Amino‐2‐vinylcyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic Acid (Vinyl‐ACCA) (2016)

Abstract Review: [68 refs.
Structure−Activity Relationships of the Melanocortin Tetrapeptide Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH<sub>2</sub> at the Mouse Melanocortin Receptors:  Part 2 Modifications at the Phe Position (2002)

The melanocortin pathway is an important participant in skin pigmentation, steroidogenesis, obesity, energy homeostasis and exocrine gland function. The centrally located melanocortin-3 and melanocortin-4 receptors (MC3R, MC4R) are involved in the metabolic and food intake aspects of energy homeostasis and are stimulated by melanocortin agonists such as α-melanocyte stimulation hormone (α-MSH). The melanocortin agonists contain the putative message sequence “His-Phe-Arg-Trp,” and it has been well-documented that inversion of chirality of the Phe to DPhe results in a dramatic increase in melanocortin receptor potency. Herein, we report a tetrapeptide library, based upon the template Ac-His-DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2, consisting of 26 members that have been modified at the DPhe7 position (α-MSH numbering) and pharmacologically characterized for agonist and antagonist activity at the mouse melanocortin receptors MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, and MC5R. The most notable results of this study include the identification of the tetrapeptide Ac-His-(pI)DPhe-Arg-Trp-NH2 that is a full nanomolar agonist at the mMC1 and mMC5 receptors, a mMC3R partial agonist with potent antagonist activity (pA2 = 7.25, Ki = 56 nM) and, but unexpectedly, is a potent agonist at the mMC4R (EC50 = 25 nM). This ligand possesses novel melanocortin receptor pharmacology, as compared to previously reported peptides, and is potentially useful for in vivo studies to differentiate MC3R vs MC4R physiological roles in animal models, such as primates, where “knockout” animals are not viable options. The DNal(2‘) substitution for DPhe resulted in a mMC3R partial agonist with antagonist activity (pA2 = 6.5, Ki = 295 nM) and a mMC4R (pA2 = 7.8, Ki = 17 nM) antagonist possessing 60- and 425-fold decreased potency, respectively, as compared with SHU9119 at these receptors. Examination of this DNal(2‘)-containing tetrapeptide at the F254S and F259S mutant mMC4Rs resulted in agonist activity of this mMC4R tetrapeptide antagonist, similar to that observed for the SHU9119 peptide, supporting our previously proposed hypothesis that the Phe 254 and 259 transmembrane six receptor residues are important for differentiating melanocortin sequence-based MC4R antagonists vs the agouti-related protein (AGRP) sequence-based antagonists.
Enzymatic Synthesis of N-Acetylglucosaminylribitol Linkages in Teichoic Acid from Staphylococcus aureus, Strain Copenhagen (1963)

SUMMARY A particulate enzyme preparation from Staphylococcus aureus, strain Copenhagen, catalyzed the transfer of acetylglucosamine residues from uridine diphosphoacetylglucosamine to an accep- tor, termed, a-acetylglucosaminylpolyribitol phosphate, with simultaneous formation of uridine diphosphate. The acceptor was obtained by treating the teichoic acid isolated from this strain with /I-N-acetylglucosaminidase. Teichoic acid itself was inactive as acceptor. The enzyme preparation catalyzed the synthesis of both (Y- and &acetylglucosaminylribitol units in about the same proportion as these are found in the teichoic acid isolated from the cell walls of this organism. Some properties of this enzyme preparation have been described. REFERENCES 1. BADDILEY, J., PYOC. Che,)r. Sot., 177 (1959). 2. KINDERSON, A.R., J~ERGENs,~.~., ANLI QTROMINGER, J.L., Biochem. and Bioph ys. Research C’onw~uns., 6. 472 (1961).
Engenharia evolutiva aplicada a Trichoderma sp. para produção de celulases. (2012)

\n O projeto visou aumentar a produção de celulases em fungos T. harzianum IPT 821 e T. reesei QM 9414. Esporos foram submetidos à radiação UV-C. Células das colônias mais capacitadas ao crescimento foram sucessivamente cultivadas em meio solidificado, contendo concentrações progressivamente reduzidas fonte de carbono, de modo a resultar pressão ambiental seletiva e crescente. Após esta etapa as linhagens isoladas foram cultivadas em meio composto por bagaço de cana/farelo de trigo na proporção 80/20, 60% de umidade, 30°C por 72h. Uma linhagem, originária da cepa IPT 821, apresentou atividade de 3,7 FP U/gms, 50% superior em relação à parental: 2,6 U/gms (p=0,001; p<0,05). Análises das frações enzimáticas indicaram uma diferença significativa (p=0,001; p<0,05) na atividade de xilanase: 4,7 U/gms (mutante) e 4 U/gms (parental). Ensaios de hidrólise, Avicel como substrato (1% de sólidos; w/v) indicaram um aumento de quase 70% na hidrólise em 48h, da mutante em comparação à parental (8,7% (mutante) e 4,8% (parental), concentração enzimática de 2,5 FP U/gms).\n
Low-Resistive Ohmic Contacts for AlGaN Channel High-Electron-Mobility Transistors Using Zr/Al/Mo/Au Metal Stack (2011)

An Al x Ga 1- x N/Al y Ga 1- y N high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) with AlGaN as a channel layer has been fabricated on a sapphire substrate for high-output-power and high-frequency electronic applications. One of the key process steps for the AlGaN-channel HEMT is to ensure low resistivity for source/drain ohmic contacts. In this work, the electrical characteristics of Zr/Al/Mo/Au ohmic contacts for AlGaN-channel HEMTs were investigated at annealing temperatures from 850 to 1000 °C. An AlGaN-channel HEMT was fabricated with Al contents of 0.3 and 0.55 for the channel and barrier layer, respectively. A minimum ohmic contact resistivity of 2.6×10 -4 Ω cm 2 was achieved for the Al 0.55 Ga 0.45 N/Al 0.3 Ga 0.7 N heterostructure after annealing at 950 °C.
Difícil reconversão: futebol, projeto e destino em meninos brasileiros (2008)

O objetivo do artigo é analisar parte da trajetória de vida de dois jovens que realizaram testes em um grande clube de futebol europeu na década de 1990. As histórias, com desfechos distintos, têm um início comum: a escola de futebol Nova Geração. Os dados analisados foram obtidos a partir de entrevistas, dos diários de campo e das matérias jornalísticas que retratam a escola. As análises sugerem que encaminhar um menino na carreira de futebolista profissional, principalmente nas camadas populares, é um projeto familiar. Além disso, o processo de seleção e treinamento dos novos talentos não mais dispensa a inserção dos jovens escolhidos em sistemas rígidos de treinamentos em clubes ou escolinhas. O capital adquirido nos treinamentos é de difícil reconversão no caso de uma profissionalização frustrada ou ainda no momento da aposentaria do jogador profissional. Esse quadro demonstra que a escolha da profissão oferece inúmeros riscos para aqueles que se aventuram em conquistá-la.
Feasibility of Computed Diffusion Weighted Imaging and Optimization of b-value in Cervical Cancer (2016)

Computed DWI with the b-values of 1300 and 1600 would be suitable for the evaluation of cervical cancer due to good tumor conspicuity.
Palladium Membranes (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History and Applications Effect of Impurities Palladium Alloy Membranes Palladium Deposition Methods Membrane Characterization and Analysis Palladium Composite Membranes Recent Advances Summary and Outlook