gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic Switching in <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Results in Changes in Cellular Morphology and Glucuronoxylomannan Structure (1999)

Cryptococcus neoformans strains exhibit variability in their capsular polysaccharide, cell morphology, karyotype, and virulence, but the relationship between these variables is poorly understood. A hypovirulent C. neoformans 24067A isolate, which usually produces smooth (SM) colony types, was found to undergo phenotypic switching and to produce wrinkled (WR) and pseudohyphal (PH) colony types at frequencies of approximately 10(-4) to 10(-5) when plated on Sabouraud agar. Cells from these colony types had large polysaccharide capsules and PH morphology, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that different colony types were the result of altered cellular packing in the colony. Phenotypic switching was associated with quantitative and qualitative changes in capsular polysaccharide. Specifically, the glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) of the WR polysaccharide differed in the proportion of structural reporter groups and in increased xylose residue content linked at the 4 to 0 position. The relative virulence of the colony types was WR > PH > SM, as measured by CFU in rat lungs after intratracheal infection. Karyotype instability was observed in strain 24067A and involved primarily two chromosomes. Colonies with an alternative colony type exhibited more karyotype changes, which did not revert to the original karyotype in reverted colonies. In summary, this study revealed that phenotypic switching in C. neoformans (i) can produce WR colonies consisting of cells with either large capsule or PH morphology, (ii) is associated with production of structurally different GXM, (iii) is commonly associated with karyotype changes, (iv) can produce cells of PH morphology, and (v) can increase the virulence of a strain. Hence, phenotypic switching is an adaptive mechanism linked to virulence that can generate cell types with very different biological characteristics.
[Primary intestinal lymphangiectasis. Apropos of a clinical case]. (1985)

A case of primary intestinal lymphangiectasia in a 40-year old patient is described. The diagnosis was rendered more difficult by the association of this disease, breast cancer and the mistaken diagnosis of neoplastic cells in the pleural fluid. The clinical situation, laboratory and radiological findings, and biopsy results are compared with findings reported in the literature. A rapid, long-term improvement was obtained by the administration of a hypolipidic diet containing medium chain length fats.
Funktionelle Riburonsäurederivate (1978)

Abstract Aus der bequem zugänglichen Methyl‐2,3‐ O ‐isopropyliden‐β‐ D ‐ribofuranosiduronsäure ( 2 ) wurden die entsprechenden Dibenzyl‐ und Triacetylderivate 5 bzw. 6 hergestellt, welche geeignete Ausgangsverbindungen für selektive Reaktionen an allen Positionen des Riburonsäuregerüsts sind. Durch selektive Abspaltung der Benzylgruppen aus 5 wurden über die 1‐ungeschützten Derivate 10 und 11a–c die Ribofuranosylhalogenide 14–19 anomerenfrei isoliert. Mit N ‐Nucleophilen wurden daraus Derivate für die aufbauende Synthese von N ‐Glycosiden zugänglich. Aus der vollständig entbenzylierten Verbindung 12 wurde das überbrückte Lacton 13 erhalten. Phosphorpentachlorid‐Behandlung von 6 lieferte das 2‐ O ‐Trichloracetylribofuranosylchlorid‐Derivat 21 .
Spring magnet films (1999)

Experimental results obtained at Argonne are highlighted for exchange-spring-coupled bilayer films based on Sm-Co hard layers and Fe or CO soft layers. [1] The Sm-Co films of nominal 21 composition are prepared via magnetron sputtering in two different epitaxial orientations.
A Subset of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus GP <sub>3</sub> Glycoprotein Is Released into the Culture Medium of Cells as a Non-Virion-Associated and Membrane-Free (Soluble) Form (1998)

The GP3 protein of the IAF-Klop strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) was expressed in 293 cells by a recombinant human type 5 adenovirus carrying the open reading frame 3 gene. The protein exhibited a molecular mass of 42 kDa and comigrated with GP3 expressed in PRRSV-infected MARC-145 cells. Removal of N-linked glycans from GP3 resulted in a 27-kDa protein (P3), confirming its highly glycosylated nature. Pulse-chase experiments carried out either in the context of PRRSV infection or upon individual expression of GP3 in 293 cells showed that the protein remains completely endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H-sensitive even after 4 h of synthesis. Thus, the transport of GP3 was restricted to the premedial Golgi compartment, presumably the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, a minor fraction of GP3 was found to be secreted in the culture medium as a soluble membrane-free form. This released protein (sGP3) was readily identified upon individual expression of GP3 in 293 cells as well as in the context of PRRSV infection, albeit at lower levels. The sGP3 migrated as a smear and displayed a molecular mass ranging from 43 to 53 kDa. The unglycosylated form of sGP3 comigrated with its intracellular deglycosylated counterpart, suggesting that the release from the cell of a subset of GP3 did not result from cleavage of a putative membrane-anchor sequence. Strikingly, unlike GP3, the sGP3 acquired Golgi-specific modifications of its carbohydrate side chains and folded into a disulfide-linked homodimer. Brefeldin A treatment completely abolished the release of sGP3, suggesting that the ER-to-Golgi compartment is an obligatory step in cellular secretion of sGP3. In contrast, 10 mM monensin did not prevent sGP3 release but inhibited the terminal glycosylation that confers on the protein its diffuse pattern. Since GP3 was found to be nonstructural in the case of the North American strain, secretion of a minor fraction of GP3 might be an explanation for its high degree of immunogenicity in infected pigs. Furthermore, this secreted protein might be relevant as a model for further studies on the cellular subcompartments involved in the sorting of proteins to the extracellular milieu.
The Isolated Mouse Atria as a New Model for Testing Cardioactive Drugs with Special Reference to Doxorubicin (Adriamycin®) (1990)

Spontaneously beating isolated atria from mice were used as a new in vitro model to characterize the mechanism of the cardiotoxic action of the anthracycline cytostatic doxorubicin (Adriamycin). After stabilization at 28 degrees the atria showed a contractile rate and--force of 284 +/- 31 (S.D.) beats/min. and 49 +/- 6.5 mg. Doxorubicin (Dox) (10(-6)-10(-5) M) had a positive chronotropic action per se and decreased the pD2 for the chronotropic action of isoprenaline in a dose-dependent way. However only the effect of the higher concentration proved statistically significant, a concentration which also caused a marked decrease (63%) of the Emax. Pretreatment with Dox 15 mg/kg intraperitoneally 72 hr previously did not influence the pD2 but caused a significant increase in the Emax of the isoprenaline concentration response curve. The results indicate that Dox in vitro interferes with the beta-adrenoceptor function of isolated mouse atria in an unspecific way and that the subacute cardiotoxicity of Dox in mice is probably not due to interference with the beta-adrenoceptor system. Further it is concluded that isolated atria from mice may be a useful model for testing cardioactive drugs.
Loosely integrating tools using the star system (1994)

A developer must often be able to understand a software system at several levels of detail -- from abstract system architecture down to source code -- before being able to change system functionality or fix bugs. Each of these levels might require its own notation and tools. For example, source code, written in a programming language, is viewed and manipulated using browsers and editors, whereas architectural designs, expressed as diagrams, are viewed and manipulated using visual editors.In this paper we show how a multi-view perspective of a software system can be realized, simply and economically, by loosely integrating a set of existing independent tools. Ideally, all environments would be designed a priori to allow their combination into tightly integrated systems. In actual fact, it is common that developers of individual tools cannot foresee the ways in which their tools will be used. People who integrate such tools must exploit what is available to them. The Star system demonstrates how loose integration among existing tools can rapidly and simply result in useful environments for software development.
Controlled production of Camembert-type cheeses. Part I: Microbiological and physicochemical evolutions (2004)

A holistic approach of a mould cheese ripening is presented. The objective was to establish relationships between the different microbiological and biochemical changes during cheese ripening. Model cheeses were prepared from pasteurized milk inoculated with Kluyveromyces lactis , Geotrichum candidum , Penicillium camemberti and Brevibacterium linens under aseptic conditions. Two cheese-making trials with efficient control of environmental parameters were carried out and showed similar ripening characteristics. K. lactis grew rapidly between days 1 and 6 (generation time around 48 h). G. candidum grew exponentially between days 4 and 10 (generation time around 4·6 d). Brevi. linens also grew exponentially but after day 6 when Pen. camemberti mycelium began developing and the pH of the rind was close to 7. Its exponential growth presented 3 phases in relation to carbon and nitrogen substrate availability. Concentrations of Pen. camemberti mycelium were not followed by viable cell count but they were evaluated visually. The viable microorganism concentrations were well correlated with the carbon substrate concentrations in the core and in the rind. The lactose concentrations were negligible after 10 d ripening, and changes in lactate quantities were correlated with fungi flora. The pH of the inner part depended on NH 3 . Surface pH was significantly related to NH 3 concentration and to fungi growth. The acid-soluble nitrogen (ASN) and non-protein nitrogen (NPN) indexes and NH 3 concentrations of the rind were low until day 6, and then increased rapidly to follow the fungi concentrations until day 45. The ASN and NPN indexes and NH 3 concentrations in the core were lower than in the rind and they showed the same evolution. G. candidum and Pen. camemberti populations have a major effect on proteolysis; nevertheless, K. lactis and Brevi. linens cell lysis also had an impact on proteolysis. Viable cell counts of K. lactis , G. candidum , Pen. camemberti and Brevi. linens were correlated with the environmental conditions, with proteolytic products and with carbon substrate assimilation. NH 3 diffusion from surface to the cheese core during ripening was highly suspected. Interaction phenomena between microorganisms are discussed.
2-Fluoropropene (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-FluoropropenePaul R. Austin, Donald D. Coffman, Harvey H. Hoehn, and Maynard S. RaaschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 19, 4834–4835Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01115a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01115a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-speed low-frequency chirped coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy using an ultra-steep long-pass filter (2019)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy is becoming a more common tool in biomedical research. High-speed CARS microscopy has important applications in live cell imaging and in label-free pathology. However, only a few realizations exist of CARS imaging applied in the few terahertz spectral range (<300 cm<sup>-1</sup>), in which much is unknown to date. Although single-beam CARS microscopy proved to be robust in this low-frequency region, pixel-dwell time using presently available schemes is still relatively long, in the millisecond scale. Single-beam notch-shaped chirped-CARS (C-CARS) microscopy in the fingerprint region can be performed without using lock-in detection, yet it necessitates double-notch shaping, resulting in a relatively complex system. Here, we demonstrate that C-CARS in the low-frequency regime can be achieved using a sharp-edge, which is created by an ultra-steep long-pass filter (ULPF). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this variant of C-CARS spectroscopy can be performed without post-processing analyses. This is used to image collagen in a biological sample with a pixel dwell time of 200 microseconds. This sharp-edge C-CARS method may find important application in rapid low-frequency CARS imaging of live cells or for imaging of fast flowing objects such as in microfluidic channels.
Virtual Platform of FPGA based MPSoC for Power Electronics Applications: OS simulation (2019)

Currently, the number of designs of control algorithms in Power Electronics in FPGAs based on System on Chips (SoCs) is rising. This is mainly due to the flexibility that allows to have a programmable logic where complex algorithms can be hardware accelerated, and a processor able to execute high level control algorithms in baremetal or in OS like Linux, both in the same chip. In addition, the use of HLS tools for making hardware designs has decreased hardware implementation time. However, the complexity of these systems makes the design and verification tasks difficult. A very efficient technique to fulfil this challenging SoC designs is HW/SW co-simulation. A critical feature in verification is simulation speed, which is mainly limited by the processor simulator, especially when the device has several cores, as it happens with MultiProcessor SoCs (MPSoC). Therefore, a very fast processor simulator, such as QEMU, is crucial to achieve a reasonable simulation speed. This work describes Virtual Platform based on QEMU, SystemC and HLS to co-simulate hardware and software designs in a fast way. To exemplify, a smart-switcher design for synchronization of microgrids is taken as case study. It controls the connection of a microgrid to mains when both of them have similar voltage and phase. It includes a dual PLL, which is implemented in HW and provides all the information to the control algorithm executed in the processor (Linux or baremetal). The proposed Virtual Platform is analyzed under different working conditions and compared with other solutions analyzing the simulation speed.
Emulsification by the phase inversion temperature method: the role of self‐bodying agents and the influence of oil polarity (1990)

Synopsis Oil‐in‐water emulsions stabilized with nonionic emulsifiers change to water‐in‐oil emulsions as the temperature rises when the hydrophilic and lipophilic properties of the mixed emulsifier are just balanced. Preparation above the phase inversion temperature followed by rapid cooling yields emulsions that exhibit very fine droplet size and extreme long‐term stability. Cosmetic emulsions were prepared by this phase inversion temperature (PIT) method using typical raw materials such as polar oils, e.g. decyl oleate, 2‐octyl dodecanol or isopropyl myristate, and nonionic emulsifiers, e.g. ceteareth‐12 or polyoxyethylene eicosyl/docosyl ether combined with cetostearyl alcohol as a co‐emulsifier. The phase inversion temperature was measured as a function of the oil polarity and the concentration of mixed emulsifier. The relationship between phase inversion temperature, droplet size and emulsion stability was investigated. In addition, self‐bodying agents such as cetostearyl alcohol or monoglycerides were added to these thin, fine disperse emulsions to adjust the consistency. The influence of these ingredients on phase inversion temperature, droplet size, yield value and emulsion stability was studied.
Application of the Anomeric Samarium Route for the Convergent Synthesis of the<i>C</i>-Linked Trisaccharide α-<scp>d</scp>-Man-(1→3)-[α-<scp>d</scp>-Man-(1→6)]-<scp>d</scp>-Man and the Disaccharides α-<scp>d</scp>-Man-(1→3)-<scp>d</scp>-Man and α-<scp>d</scp>-Man-(1→6)-<scp>d</scp>-Man (2002)

Studies are reported on the assembly of the branched C-trisaccharide, alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)]-D-Man, representing the core region of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The key step in this synthesis uses a SmI(2)-mediated coupling of two mannosylpyridyl sulfones to a C3,C6-diformyl branched monosaccharide unit, thereby assembling all three sugar units in one reaction and with complete stereocontrol at the two anomeric carbon centers. Subsequent tin hydride-based deoxygenation followed by a deprotection step produces the target C-trimer. In contrast to many of the other C-glycosylation methods, this approach employes intact carbohydrate units as C-glycosyl donors and acceptors, which in many instances parallels the well-studied O-glycosylation reactions. The synthesis of the C-disaccharides alpha-D-Man-(1-->3)-D-Man and alpha-D-Man-(1-->6)-D-Man is also described, they being necessary for the following conformational studies of all three carbohydrate analogues both in solution and bound to several mannose-binding proteins.
Elevation contours extraction from a color-coded relief scanned map (2005)

The focus of this paper is in extracting the elevation contours from a color-coded relief map. The map is preprocessed using a WHMM (wavelet domain hidden Markov model) based algorithm for denoising. Then a linework removal algorithm - that uses a vector angle edge detector with a saturation-based combination of hue and intensity planes - is applied. Each distinct elevation region must be solid colored using distinct colors. In order to achieve this, for the printed scanned map, we used a vector median filtering, and a color clustering process - based on a minimum variance quantization algorithm. The gap filling problem can be solved with a multi-pass majority filter algorithm. The elevation contours are extracted by detecting the borders between colors through a sliding-neighborhood operation.
Analysis of the Actuation of an RF-MEMS by Means of Digital Holography (2009)

Digital holography is employed as non-contact metrological tool for inspection and characterization of a micromechanical shunt switch for microwave applications. The switch is based on a bridge that is actuated via an electrostatic force generated by a DC voltage signal applied between the bridge and the underneath region. The out-of-plane deformation of the bridge has been investigated during the operational conditions in order to measure the warp in the bridge occurring during its actuation. The results reported in this paper are obtained biasing the RF-MEMS with a voltage ramp with a period of 1s and an amplitude of 30 V. Digital Holography allowed to diagnostic and measure an asymmetric deformation of the device during its actuation.
Information fusion approach for detection of brain structures in MRI (2002)

This paper presents an information fusion approach for automatic detection of mid-brain nuclei (caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus) from MRI. The method is based on fusion of anatomical information, obtained from brain atlases and expert physicians, into MRI numerical information within a fuzzy framework, employed to model intrinsic uncertainty of problem. First step of this method is segmentation of brain tissues (gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid). Physical landmarks such as inter-hemispheric plane alongside numerical information from segmentation step are then used to describe the nuclei. Each nucleus is defined according to a unique description according to physical landmarks and anatomical landmarks, most of which are the previously detected nuclei. Also, a detected nucleus in slice n serves as key landmark to detect same nucleus in slice n+1. These steps construct fuzzy decision maps. Overall decision is made after fusing all of decisions according to a fusion operator. This approach has been implemented to detect caudate, putamen, and thalamus from a sequence of axial T1-weighted brain MRI's. Our experience shows that final nuclei detection results are highly dependent upon primary tissue segmentation. The method is validated by comparing resultant nuclei volumes with those obtained using manual segmentation performed by expert physicians.
Synthesis and Characterization of Porous Polyimide Films for Dielectric Applications (1995)

A methodology to prepare high temperature porous polyimide films which present a dielectric constant smaller than polyethylene (ε′ = 2.2) has been developed. Films were obtained by casting polymers which contain thermally labile groups likely to generate gaseous products. We obtained porous polyimide films with a dielectric constant of ≈1.5. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the resulting porous polyimide films showed that void size and shape depend upon the thermal treatment conditions applied. This study pointed out a qualitative relationship between volume fraction of voids and dielectric constant.
The Anomalous Photovoltaic Effect and Photoconductivity in Ferroelectrics (1978)

Under illumination of some ferroelectrics in the intrinsic or extrinsic optical region one observes steady state photovoltaic currents as well as an accompanying photo e.m.f. which are several orders of magnitude larger than the energy gap. The temperature, lux-ampere, and spectral characteristics of the bulk photovoltaic effect in oxygen octahedral ferroelectrics and also in SbSI are investigated. Bei Belichtung einiger Ferroelektrika im optischen Grundgitter- oder Ausläuferbereich beobachtet man sowohl stationäre Photoströme als auch eine damit verbundene Photospannung, die einige Größenordnungen größer als die Bandlücke ist. Es werden die Temperatur, Beleuchtungs–Strom- sowie die Spektralcharakteristiken des Volumenphotoeffekts in oktaedrischen Sauerstoffferroelektrika sowie in SbSJ untersucht.
Design of a Library for Dense Matching (2003)

The algorithms involved for a dense 3D reconstruction from two frames are highly dependent of the viewed scene. Furthermore, the user goals themselves induce should induce a specic choice. Indeed, the user focuses alternatively on the rendering, the running speed or the metrologic quality.
Evaluation von Gadoliniumretentionen im Gehirn nach mehrfacher Gadobutrol-Applikation bei Patienten des Universitätsklinikums Erlangen in den letzten 10 Jahren (2018)

Ziel war es, die Anzahl von Patienten mit Gadovist Mehrfachgaben bei eingeschränkter und normaler Nierenfunktion am Universitätsklinikum Erlangen in den letzten 10 Jahren zu bestimmen. Diese Patienten sollten erneut einbestellt werden, um mittels MRT des Kopfes Gadoliniumretentionen in Nucleus dentatus und Globus pallidus auszuschließen.
Swell Findings in Hydrogels (2018)

Although the DNA molecule is best known for its capacity to encode genetic information, it has received increasing attention for its structural properties. A recent report describes the expansive properties of a DNA–acrylamide gel and some potential medical uses.