gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of blunt force trauma liver injuries using shear wave elastography. (2010)

Violent impacts, such as vehicle accidents, frequently yield injuries of the liver due to its size and its location in the abdominal cavity. Frequently these injuries are fractures which may lead to life-threatening hemorrhage. Currently, a fast means of non-invasively visualizing areas of injuries in the liver due to blunt force trauma does not exist; hence there is a need to develop better imaging modalities of hepatic injuries to assist in clinical assessments. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of visualizing liver fractures using shear wave elastography. We hypothesize that there is a shear modulus discontinuity between the two edges of a fracture, and we expect that these discontinuities can be observed from the imaging at the boundary of the split. In testing the hypothesis, we first use optical methods to track and study the displacements and motion trajectories of different regions of a hepatic injury phantom in response to shear wave excitations. Then, following Fink et al. [Proc.-IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 1767 (2002)], we implement similar methods with a Verasonics ultrasound system and examine the propagation of shear waves induced by the acoustic radiation force in tissue-mimicking phantoms and ex vivo liver. [Work supported by NIH 1R01GM77318.]
Synthesis of Related Substance B of Ondansetron Hydrochloride (2011)

To perform the quality control of ondansetron hydrochloride,the related substance B,i.e.6,6'- methylene-bis-[9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl]-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-carbazol-4-one]recorded in EP 7.0,was synthesized from 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane by diazotization and reduction to give 4,4'-dihydrazinodi-phenylmethane dihydrochloride,which was subjected to condensation with 1,3-cyclohexanedione and Fischer cyclization to form 6,6'-methylene-bis-(l,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-carbazol-4-one),followed by methylation,condensation with paraformaldehyde and then Michael addition with 2-methylimidazole.
Positive polarity x-pinch operation (2006)

Summary form only given. We present here the results of a series of experiments comparing the operation of an X-pinch in positive and negative polarity. Of particular interest are the X-ray yield, timing, radiating spot size, and the number of radiating spots in a given X-pinch. Conventionally, an X-pinch is operated in negative polarity resulting in electric field lines that terminate on the wires. This choice of polarity for the generator is due to the fact that breakdown in these machines is easier to prevent when they are operated in negative polarity. Previous experiments involving single wire explosions at low current (1-5 kA) have shown that more energy can be deposited in the wire cores when they are driven in positive as opposed to negative polarity. These results raised the question of what happens when pinch-type experiments are driven in positive polarity. Recently, it has become possible to use the 450 kA XP pulser at Cornell to drive X-pinches in positive polarity. The positive polarity condition is established by inserting a convolute before the load and this results in electric field lines that originate on the wires of the X-pinch. This arrangement added complexity and inductance to the positive polarity shots, making it difficult to directly compare results from positive and negative shots. More recently, the entire pulser was switched to positive polarity. This allows a more direct comparison between positive and negative polarity X-pinch operation
Influence of ethylene glycol treatment on conductivity and stability of poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate coated cotton yarn (2020)

Abstract Recently electronic textiles have received much interest due to their board applications in wearable electronics such as solar energy, physical and chemical sensors. In this work, the conductive cotton is prepared by dip coating poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) on commercial cotton yarn. The electrical conductivity of conductive cotton can be enhanced by secondary treated PEDOT:PSS with ethylene glycol (EG). The EG-treated conductive cotton exhibits lower resistance of 600 Ω/cm by comparison with the pristine PEDOT:PSS coated cotton yarn (110 kΩ/cm). The electrical resistances of the conductive cottons are also investigated as a function of temperature and humidity. The pristine conductive cotton increases in electrical resistance as the temperature increases, while there is no resistance change for EG-treated conductive cotton. SEM images show well distribute of PEDOT:PSS on the cotton yarn surface. FTIR analysis also confirms the residue of PEDOT:PSS coated on cotton yarn. In addition, the treated conductive cotton exhibit high stability under air as they show slightly change in electrical resistance after keeping for 30 days.
The XtreemFS architecture—a case for object‐based file systems in Grids (2008)

Abstract In today's Grids, files are usually managed by Grid data management systems that are superimposed on existing file and storage systems. In this paper, we analyze this predominant approach and argue that object‐based file systems can be an alternative when adapted to the characteristics of a Grid environment. We describe how we are solving the challenge of extending the object‐based storage architecture for the Grid in XtreemFS, an object‐based file system for federated infrastructures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and Convergent Synthesis of a 2,4’-Linked Tri-oxazole in an Approach to Poly-oxazoles (2012)

A rapid and convergent synthesis of a 2,4’-linked tri-oxazole using a Negishi coupling is described.
Critical function of T cell death-associated gene 8 in glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis (2003)

Transcriptional expression of a gene or genes is absolutely required for induction of glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis. We have previously shown that expression of T cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8) is quickly induced exclusively in the thymus after dexamethasone (DEX) treatment. Here, we present data that TDAG8 expression is induced prior to induction of DEX-mediated apoptosis. In contrast, TDAG8 expression in thymocytes was not induced in the process of gamma-irradiation-mediated apoptosis. TDAG8 expression accelerated only DEX-induced, but not TCR-mediated or gamma-irradiation-induced, thymocyte apoptosis in transgenic mice overexpressing TDAG8. Interestingly, these effects were specifically detected in CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes. Moreover, activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9 was enhanced in thymocytes of TDAG8 transgenic mice after DEX stimulation. In conclusion, TDAG8 expression is involved in glucocorticoid-induced signals to activate caspase-9, -8 and -3 for subsequent apoptosis induction in CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes.
The ERA System for steady-state evoked potential recording and analysis [Abstract] (1998)

Presented at the 13th National Scientific Conference and Workshops Audiological Society of Australia, Brighton Beach, Sydney, 28 April - 1 May, 1998.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation‐Reduction of Carbonyl Systems. Part 7. Synthesis of a‐Cyclopropyl Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Cyclopropylation‐Reduction of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones. Parameters of Cyclopropyl α‐, β‐, and γ‐Carbon‐13 Shieldings in Cyclopropyl Aromatic Hydrocarbons. (1976)

Abstract Aus den Phenylketonen (I) erhält man mit Cyclopropyllithium (II) die Addukte (III), die mit Li‐Ammoniak zu den Phenyl‐cyclopropyl‐alkanen (IV) reduziert werden.
Transient photoinduced conductivity in single crystals of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>6.3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>: ‘‘Photodoping’’ to the metallic state (1991)

The temperature dependences of the transient photoinduced conductivity in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ at different light intensities (${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{L}}$) and of the doping-induced conductivity at different \ensuremath{\delta} are similar, indicative of ``photodoping.'' For \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.7, signatures of the photoinduced transition to metallic behavior are observed at ${\mathit{I}}_{\mathit{L}}$>5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ photons/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$; the deep resistivity minimum below 100 K, reminiscent of the onset of superconductivity in granular superconductors and in inhomogeneously doped samples, is interpreted in terms of phase separation and metallic-droplet formation. A longitudinal magnetic field (\ensuremath{\le}0.5 T) reduces both the resistivity minimum and the superlinear contribution to the transient photoconductance. For \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.6, the lifetime of the photoexcited state is enhanced by nearly 3 orders of magnitude at high excitation levels, indicative of metastability.
Results on binary cyclic codes (2007)

Thirty-seven binary cyclic codes with minimum distance higher than those of the best linear codes given in Brouwer's table are presented. Among these new cyclic codes is the quadratic residue code of length 199, for which is provided an answer to the long-open question regarding its minimum distance. Four new binary linear codes are also obtained by applying Construction X and Construction Y1 to those new cyclic codes. Overall, after taking into account the extended, punctured and shortened codes, there are 869 binary linear codes which are improvements to Brouwer's lower-bound.
The Orthopaedic Manifestations of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher Disease in Children (1996)

Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is a degenerative leukodystrophy of the central nervous system resulting in progressive spasticity and neurologic deterioration. Seitelberger (13) divided this rare disease into six types. Five patients with the type 1 and two patients with the type II form of PMD have been treated at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario. Our study sought to identify the orthopaedic manifestations of PMD and to develop a common orthopaedic profile for these patients. All children with types I and II PMD developed spastic quadriparesis, truncal hypotonia, thoracolumbar scoliosis, soft-tissue contractures of the adductors and hamstrings, osteopenia, bilateral coxa valga, and associated hip dislocation.
Computation of kinematic attributes for pre‐stack time migration (2008)

In many areas time imaging still represents the majority of seismic imaging activity in the industry. In this context prestack time migration remains a central process. We propose a new approach for estimating various kinematic attributes associated with pre‐stack time migrated results. Our approach is based on a kinematic demigration of locally coherent events characterized by their position and dip in common offset time migrated images. The reflection angle, the instantaneous velocity or the geological dip can be estimated with the assumption that time imaging exactly positions laterally the events. In addition, the stretch factor and the “kinematic invariants” (the demigrated facet in the unmigrated domain!) can be recovered accurately independently of the positioning accuracy of time imaging. As opposed to many conventional approaches, the estimation is directly based on the travel time curves used in pre‐stack time migration with no assumption regarding the travel time curves, the dip or the lateral variations of the velocity model. The attributes may be used at various steps of the processing sequence: stretch factor to design destretching operators, reflection angle to design partial angle stacks for AVO/AVA studies and kinematic invariants to perform reflection tomography.
1,2‐Distanna[2]‐ and 1,2,3‐Tristanna[3]‐ferrocenophanes (1996)

A convenient route to the stanna[n]ferrocenophanes 1 and 2 is presented. The series of homologous hetero[2]ferrocenophanes of the type [Fe(C5H4EMe2)2] (E = C, Si, Sn) is thus supplemented by 1. A comparison of the molecular structures (for E = C, Si, Sn) reveals that as the EE bond length increases, the strain in the [2]ferrocenophane molecule decreases.
Arctic Offshore EER Systems (2001)

A reliable and effective escape, evacuation, and rescue (EER) system and procedures will have an important impact on the safety of passengers and crew of any vessel or installation which has an accident at sea. Although EER is well developed for open water vessels and installations, only a limited amount of attention has been directed at EER in ice covered waters. In this paper, following a review of the problems and available technology for both vessel and platform escape, evacuation, and rescue (EER) under Arctic conditions, a description of possible technological and procedural solutions and the results of their reliability analysis through simulation are given. Solutions include novel launch and capsule adaptations to perform safely in a range of ice conditions as well as open water. Simulation of each component of the Arctic EER process as well as reliability evaluation of the process itself for combinations of different evacuation and rescue modes for different vessels and installations for a range of representative ice conditions was made. A description of full-scale empirical quantification of human performance parameters for the escape and evacuation module of the model is included. The expanded methodology and its empirical and theoretical foundations and results of the reliability analysis for different Arctic EER scenarios are new.
Grotte du Paradou, à Saint-Hippolyte-du-Gard (1945)

Mauduit Jacques A. Grotte du Paradou, à Saint-Hippolyte-du-Gard. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique de France, tome 42, n°4-6, 1945. pp. 111-113.
Polymer-supported metal catalysts for the heterogeneous polymerisation of lactones (2019)

Polymer-supported metal catalysts are used for the heterogeneous polymerisation of renewable lactones, towards the efficient and environmentally benign production of sustainable polymers.
Engineering Properties of Tire/Soil Mixtures as a Lightweight Fill Material (1996)

Abstract The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) estimates that over 279 million discarded tires are being added annually to the already existing stockpile of two billion tires. Current disposal and stacking methods of waste tires are not acceptable due to the possibility of fire and health hazards. Several states and the federal government have issued legislation that encourages or mandates the recycling of discarded tires. One application where shredded tires can be used is as a lightweight fill material behind retaining walls or in highway embankments over weak or compressible soils. This paper presents the engineering properties of shredded tires, Ottawa sand, and a mixture of 50% Ottawa sand and 50% shredded tires by volume (70% Ottawa sand and 30% shredded tires by weight). The maximum size of the tire chips used was 4.75 mm. Gradation, specific gravity, void ratio, density, permeability, and consolidated-drained (CD) triaxial tests were performed as part of the testing program. Although the data obtained were limited to the above three mixes, the results indicate that the use of shredded tires/Ottawa sand mixes as a lightweight fill material is very promising. However, long-term impact of leachates from tires on groundwater quality should be investigated.
A NEW APPROACH TO TEACHING NATURAL RESOURCE SAMPLING (1996)

A basic undergraduate course in statistics is often not adequate for students in renewable natural resource programs such as wildlife, forestry, fisheries, and related subjects. A strong foundation in the basics of sampling in time and space of forest, vegetation, wildlife and fish populations is needed. A brief account of our experience in teaching such a course over the last three years along with progress on developing course-related material and activities is reported. This includes the development of: 1) computer-based simulations; 2) in-class participation simulations to illustrate the basic concepts of sampling in space and time; 3) exercises to introduce students to basic field sampling methods (quadrat, line and point sample units, mark/recapture, radio telemetry, etc.); and 4) an associated hypermedia text. From the beginning, emphasis is placed on cost-effectiveness and on the importance of sampling in the decision-making process. Students are required to develop their own sampling project, implement the project, present the results in an open forum, and prepare an associated report in the format of a scientific paper.
Calculation and design of a Ni-like Eu soft-x-ray laser (1988)

Numerical calculations of laser-irradiated ${\mathrm{EuF}}_{2}$ targets predict gain coefficients of 0.3--1.6 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ on several 4d-4p Ni-like Eu lines from 66 to 104.5 A\r{}. Dielectronic recombination is important both in determining the ionization balance and in populating the J=1,2 4d excited states. Targets which are optimized for 0-1 gain show significantly less effect due to trapping on the 0-1 line than on the 2-1 line.
Analysis of the Acceleration Region in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser Operating above Fast Fluidization Velocities (2008)

In commercial circulating fluidized bed (CFB) processes the acceleration zone greatly contributes to solids mixing, gas and solids dispersion, and particle residence times. A new analysis was developed to describe the relative gas−solids concentration in the acceleration region of a transport system with air as the fluidizing agent for Geldart-type B particles. A theoretical expression was derived from a drag relationship and momentum and continuity equations to describe the evolution of the gas−solids profile along the axial direction. The acceleration zone was characterized using nondimensional analysis of the continuum equations (balances of masses and momenta) that described multiphase flows. In addition to acceleration length, the boundary condition for the solids fraction at the bottom of the riser and the fully developed regions were measured using an industrial scale CFB of 0.3 m diameter and 15 m tall. The operating factors affecting the flow development in the acceleration region were determined for three materials of various sizes and densities in core annular and dilute regimes of the riser. Performance data were taken from statistically designed experiments over a wide range of Fr (0.5−39), Re (8−600), Ar (29−3600), load ratio (0.2−28), riser to particle diameter ratio (375−5000), and gas to solids density ratio (138−1381). In this one-dimensional system of equations, velocities and solid fractions were assumed to be constant over any cross section. The model and engineering correlations were compared with literature expressions to assess their validity and range of applicability. These expressions can be used as tools for simulation and design of a CFB riser and can also be easily coupled to a kinetics model for process simulation.
SimpleSSD: Modeling Solid State Drives for Holistic System Simulation (2017)

Existing solid state drive (SSD) simulators unfortunately lack hardware and/or software architecture models. Consequently, they are far from capturing the critical features of contemporary SSD devices. More importantly, while the performance of modern systems that adopt SSDs can vary based on their numerous internal design parameters and storage-level configurations, a full system simulation with traditional SSD models often requires unreasonably long runtimes and excessive computational resources. In this work, we propose SimpleSSD, a high-fidelity simulator that models all detailed characteristics of hardware and software, while simplifying the nondescript features of storage internals. In contrast to existing SSD simulators, SimpleSSD can easily be integrated into publicly-available full system simulators. In addition, it can accommodate a complete storage stack and evaluate the performance of SSDs along with diverse memory technologies and microarchitectures. Thus, it facilitates simulations that explore the full design space at different levels of system abstraction.
Rapid determination of adenosine deaminase kinetics using fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (2010)

Adenosine deaminase is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism and its inhibitors are used as anticancer and antiviral drugs. In this study, we show that fast-scan cyclic voltammetry at carbon-fiber microelectrodes can be used to study the kinetics of adenosine deaminase by electrochemically monitoring decreases in adenosine concentration. Buffer and salt concentrations were shown to affect the enzyme kinetics and the inhibition by erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA) and deoxycoformycin (DCF). In a Tris buffer containing salts that mimic cerebrospinal fluid, EHNA and DCF showed non-competitive inhibition with a Ki of 1.7 ± 0.6 nM and 1.2 ± 0.2 nM, respectively. However, removing the divalent cations from the Tris buffer caused the inhibition to be competitive and reduced the Ki for DCF by two orders of magnitude. In phosphate-buffered saline, the Ki was 1.0 ± 0.2 nM for EHNA and 3.6 ± 0.3 pM for DCF, similar to literature values. Adenosine deaminase was also competitively inhibited by AgNO3, showing it is susceptible to silver toxicity. Caffeine was found to increase adenosine deaminase activity. This is a fast, easy method for screening drug effects on enzyme kinetics and could be applied to other enzymatic reactions where there is a significant difference in the electroactivity of the reactant and product.
Sector-Based Parametric Sound Field Reproduction in the Spherical Harmonic Domain (2015)

This papers presents a parametric method for perceptual sound field recording and reproduction from a small-sized microphone array to arbitrary loudspeaker layouts. The applied parametric model has been found to be effective and well-correlated with perceptual attributes in the context of directional audio coding, and here it is generalized and extended to higher orders of spherical harmonic signals. Higher order recordings are used for estimation of the model parameters inside angular sectors that provide increased separation between simultaneous sources and reverberation. The perceptual synthesis according to the combined properties of these sector parameters is achieved with an adaptive least-squares mixing technique. Furthermore, considerations regarding practical microphone arrays are presented and a frequency-dependent scheme is proposed. A realization of the system is described for an existing spherical microphone array and for a target loudspeaker setup similar to NHK 22.2. It is demonstrated through listening tests that, compared to a reference scene, the perceived difference is greatly reduced with the proposed higher order analysis model. The results further indicate that, on the same task, the method outperforms linear reproduction with the same recordings available.
Abstraction for epistemic model checking of dining cryptographers-based protocols (2011)

The paper describes an abstraction for protocols that are based on multiple rounds of Chaum's Dining Cryptographers protocol. It is proved that the abstraction preserves a rich class of specifications in the logic of knowledge. This result is applied to optimize model checking of implementations of a knowledge-based program that uses the Dining Cryptographers protocol as a primitive in an anonymous broadcast system. Performance results are given for model checking knowledge-based specifications in the concrete and abstract models of this protocol, and some new conclusions about the protocol are derived.