gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sum-Rate Maximization With Minimum Power Consumption for MIMO DF Two-Way Relaying— Part II: Network Optimization (2013)

In Part II of this two-part paper, a sum-rate-maximizing power allocation with minimum power consumption is derived for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) decode-and-forward (DF) two-way relaying (TWR) in a network optimization scenario. In this scenario, the relay and the source nodes jointly optimize their power allocation strategies to achieve network optimality. Unlike the relay optimization scenario considered in Part I, which features low complexity but does not achieve network optimality, the network-level optimal power allocation can be achieved in the network optimization scenario at the cost of higher complexity. The network optimization problem is considered in two cases each with several subcases. It is shown that the considered problem, which is originally nonconvex, can be transferred into different convex problems for all but two subcases. For the remaining two subcases, one for each case, it is proved that the optimal strategies for the source nodes and the relay must satisfy certain properties. Based on these properties, an algorithm is proposed for finding the optimal solution. The effect of asymmetry in the power limits, number of antennas, and channels is also considered. Such asymmetry is shown to have a negative effect on both the achievable sum-rate and the power allocation efficiency in MIMO DF TWR. Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm and the effect of asymmetry in the system.
Proteins (1981)

Because of the complexity of cellular material and body fluids, it is seldom possible to analyze a natural product directly. Qualitative and quantitative analyses must often be preceded by some purification step that separates the molecular species being examined from interfering materials. In the case of proteins, column liquid chromatography has been used extensively for these fractionations. With the advent of gel permeation, cation exchange, anion exchange, hydrophobic, and affinity chromatography, it became possible to resolve proteins through their fundamental properties of size, charge, hydrophobicity, and biological affinity. The chromatographic separations used in the early isolation and characterization of many proteins later became analytical tools in their routine analysis. Unfortunately, these inherently simple and versatile column chromatographic techniques introduced in the 50s and 60s have a severe limitation in routine analysis-separation time. It is common to encounter 1–24 h separation times with the classical gel-type supports.
Probiotics in dietary guidelines and clinical recommendations outside the European Union (2014)

Fermented foods have been consumed for centuries across many geographical locales and have traditionally been considered healthy foods, partly because of the live microbes contained in them. The concept of "probiotics" further requires that the microbes be defined and their health effects be demonstrated through human intervention studies or other suitable investigations before marketing with corresponding health messages. Here, we review recommendations for fermented foods and probiotics in several countries outside the EU, focusing on food-based dietary guidelines. We emphasize recommendations on yoghurt and probiotics made by expert bodies. We found that dietary guidelines commonly advocate the consumption of yoghurt or similar products, but specific comments on probiotics are rare. Further, we reviewed guidelines from clinical associations. In general, they acknowledge the beneficial effects of probiotics, but often suggest the need for further research. This is true despite good quality evidence supporting the role of probiotics for certain health effects, such as prevention of eczema in infants, management of side effects from antibiotics and alleviation of functional bowel symptoms. Additional research to support future dietary recommendations should focus on determining effect size, identifying responders and non-responders, clarifying strain-specificity of effects and confirming mechanisms.
Role That Each NKG2A Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-Based Inhibitory Motif Plays in Mediating the Human CD94/NKG2A Inhibitory Signal (2002)

The human NKG2A chain of the CD94/NKG2A receptor contains two immunoreceptor Tyr-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) in its cytoplasmic tail. To determine the relative importance of membrane-distal (residues 6-11) and membrane-proximal (residues 38-43) ITIMs in mediating the inhibitory signal, we made site-directed mutants of NKG2A at the Y (Y8F, Y40F, Y8F/Y40F) and the residues two positions N-terminal (Y-2) of Y (V6A, I38A, V6A/I38A) in each motif. Wild-type (wt) and mutated NKG2A were then cotransfected with CD94 into rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 cells. Immunochemical analyses after pervanadate treatment showed that each of the mutant molecules could be phosphorylated to expected levels relative to wt NKG2A and that all the mutations significantly reduced the avidity of SH2 domain-bearing tyrosine phosphatase-1 for NKG2A. Confocal microscopy was used to determine whether SH2 domain-bearing tyrosine phosphatase-1 and CD94/NKG2A colocalized intracellularly after receptor ligation. Only the Y8F/Y40F and Y8F mutant NKG2A molecules failed to show a dramatic colocalization. In agreement with this result, the Y8F/Y40F mutant was unable to inhibit FcepsilonRI-mediated serotonin release and the Y8F mutant was relatively ineffective compared with wt NKG2A. In contrast, the Y40F mutant was 70% as effective as wt in mediating inhibition, and the Y-2 mutations did not remarkably affect inhibitory function. These results show that, like KIR, both NKG2A ITIMs are required for mediating the maximal inhibitory signal, but opposite to KIR, the membrane-distal ITIM is of primary importance rather than the membrane-proximal ITIM. This probably reflects the opposite orientation of the ITIMs in type II vs type I proteins.
Theory of A.c. Polarization and A.c. Polarography and Voltammetry of Surface Redox Reaction (1979)

Abstract Theoretical equations are presented of the a.c. polarization and of the a.c. polarography and voltammetry for the surface redox reaction (Oad+ne\ightleftharpoonsRad) in which charge transfer reaction takes place exclusively between the adsorbed reactants Oad and Rad, and both reactants are adsorbed so strongly that the amount of O or R brought to or removed from the electrode surface can be neglected. The interaction between adsorbed molecules is assumed to be expressed by Frumkin’s a-parameters. Also the effect of the double layer impedance is taken into account. Some simplified cases are discussed in detail.
Wideband Receivers (2008)

Wireless communication is evolving towards multi-standard terminals, handling several standards and modes, such as broadcasting, cellular, WLAN, WPAN, etc. These applications are spread over a wide range of carrier frequencies, and require wideband, reconfigurable RF front-ends.
Induction and maintenance of protective CD8+ T cells against malaria liver stages: implications for vaccine development (2011)

CD8+ T cells against malaria liver stages represent a major protective immune mechanism against infection. Following induction in the peripheral lymph nodes by dendritic cells (DCs), these CD8+ T cells migrate to the liver and eliminate parasite infected hepatocytes. The processing and presentation of sporozoite antigen requires TAP mediated transport of major histocompatibility complex class I epitopes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Importantly, in DCs this process is also dependent on endosome-mediated cross presentation while this mechanism is not required for epitope presentation on hepatocytes. Protective CD8+ T cell responses are strongly dependent on the presence of CD4+ T cells and the capacity of sporozoite antigen to persist for a prolonged period of time. While human trials with subunit vaccines capable of inducing antibodies and CD4+ T cell responses have yielded encouraging results, an effective anti-malaria vaccine will likely require vaccine constructs designed to induce protective CD8+ T cells against malaria liver stages.
Modeling of double-layer jacquard fabrics for pattern simulation (2018)

Purpose Double-jacquard technique is referred as the most advanced technology for forming patterns on both layers of a 3D fabric knitted on a double-needle bar warp-knitting machine. In order to realize the computer-aided design and simulation of jacquard patterns, the purpose of this paper is to propose a mathematic model for representation of jacquard structures and an improved mass-spring model to improve the simulation of structural deformation behavior. Design/methodology/approach Primarily, it analyzes the jacquard patterning method and displacing principle to design jacquard structures on each layer and linking structures of two layers. Based on that, a loop geometry defined by six key points and segmental lines is built to transfer the jacquard bitmap and lapping movements into a fabric of loops and therefore realizing patterns visualization. Afterwards, an improved mass-spring model is built to simulate structural deformation, in which the fabric is simplified as a mesh of uniformly distributed mass particles. Each loop is treated as a massless particle while underlaps are referred as structural springs connecting loops particles. Elastic forces of these springs on each loop particle is calculated according to the Hook’s law and Newton’s second law, and then based on the explicit Euler’s equations, motion state of each particle is solved including the velocity and the shift. Findings Based on the above method, a simulator for double-layer jacquard fabrics is developed via Visual C++ language to visualize the patterned fabrics with pitting effects. With a jacquard shoe fabric as an example, this simulation model is proved to be practical and efficient by comparing the simulation result and real fabric. Research limitations/implications Because of limited researches, 3D simulation modeling of this double-layer jacquard fabric will be studied in the further research. Practical implications The implement of this simulation method will offer the industries a time-saving and cost-saving approach for new fabrics development. Originality/value This approach can be used as a reference for simulating other knitted fabrics with jacquard patterns, such as jacquard garment fabrics and home textile fabrics.
Oral ganciclovir versus valganciclovir for cytomegalovirus prophylaxis in high‐risk liver transplant recipients (2008)

This retrospective review compared oral valganciclovir (VGCV) 450 mg daily for 6 months versus oral ganciclovir (GCV) 1000 mg 3 times daily for 3 months in preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in high-risk liver transplant recipients.We evaluated all CMV donor positive-recipient negative liver transplant recipients managed at University Health System in San Antonio,Texas from August 1996 to September 2006. CMV disease was confirmed by polymerase chain-reaction or antigenemia assay, and CMV invasive disease by tissue biopsy. Patient demographics, laboratory results, complications, and therapies were collected via retrospective chart review. Patients < 18 years of age or those who died during transplant admission were excluded. Primary endpoints included incidence, onset, and severity of CMV disease up to 1 year post transplant. Data collection also included patient demographics, immunosuppression, CMV treatment regimens, and relevant lab results. A total of 64 patients (43 VGCV and 21 GCV) were identified. Four patients developed CMV disease:VGCV (3/43,7%) versus GCV (1/21, 5%) (P=1.0), with 1 VGCV patient experiencing tissue-invasive CMV. In all cases, onset of CMV disease occurred after prophylaxis was discontinued. Onset occurred at 24, 27, and 45 weeks post transplant in the VGCVgroup, and at 26 weeks in the 1 patient on GCV. Four patients received rabbit antithymocyte globulin (rATG) induction; 1 patient received rATG and developed CMV disease, with no statistical difference compared with the 3 remaining patients who received rATG but did not develop CMV disease (P=0.09). No difference was found in incidence of CMV disease between patients who received GCV and those who received VGCV at our institution.
Negative ion desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry of flavonoid glycosides (1989)

Negative ion mass spectra of underivatized flavonoid O- and C-glycosides were recorded using desorption chemical ionization (DCI) at a low reagent gas pressure. Advantages and limitations of the method for the characterization of the mono-, di- and triglycosides are discussed. For all O-glycosides investigated, the aglycone moieties are found to be base anions. The molecular masses of the glycosides are indicated by the presence of [M]−. ions with fairly high abundances for monoglycosides, lower abundances for diglycosides and a very low intensity for triglycosides. In addition to the sugar moiety losses, anions which resulted from the stepwise elimination of water from the sugar moiety were also observed at m/z 290 or 306 in 1 → 6 linked bioses, m/z 127, 145 and 163 in deoxyhexose as well as m/z 161 and 143 in hexose. Those ions except ions due to the molecule and the retro-Diels–Alder cleavage of the aglycone moiety could not be found in electron ionization mass spectra. Consequently, information concerning the structure of the aglycone moiety could be obtained using the EI technique and of sugar moiety using the negative ion DCI technique; also the combined positive and negative ion was shown to be a good approach for the structural characterization of flavonoid glycosides.
ABSENCE OF A FACILITORY ROLE FOR NK 1.1-POSITIVE DONOR CELLS IN ENGRAFTMENT ACROSS A MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY BARRIER IN MICE1,2 (1988)

Ex vivo T cell depletion of donor marrow grafts in humans and mice has virtually eliminated severe graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, as a consequence of T cell depletion, sustained donor cell engraftment is likely compromised. Since the majority of T cell depletion techniques also deplete natural killer (NK) cells, we investigated the role of donor NK cells in engraftment and GVHD in a murine model. Using a monoclonal antibody directed against an NK-specific epitope, we have selectively depleted NK cells while preserving donor marrow T cells. In an established model of engraftment, selective NK depletion demonstrated that removal of donor NK cells did not impair the engraftment process under conditions in which donors and recipients are major histocompatibility complex-disparate. In contrast, recipients of anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement (C')-treated marrow grafts had a significantly higher incidence of either partial engraftment or graft rejection as compared with recipients of selective NK-depleted donor grafts or control grafts. In addition, we have observed that NK-specific depletion of donor marrow/splenocyte inocula does not alter the incidence of GVHD. Recipients of NK-depleted donor grafts developed lethal acute GVHD, whereas recipients of anti-Thy 1.2-depleted donor grafts did not (P less than 0.0001). Interestingly, NK 1.1-depleted donor graft recipients had a significantly increased mortality in comparison with control groups receiving C'-treated grafts (P = 0.04) or anti-Thy 1.2 plus C'-treated grafts (P less than 0.05). Thus, NK depletion may reduce immunosurveillance, thereby increasing the risk of posttransplant infection. We conclude from these results that donor NK cells play an insignificant role in engraftment as well as in the afferent phase of GVHD, but may be important in immunosurveillance when murine bone marrow is transplanted across the major histocompatibility barrier.
Convection-enhanced delivery to achieve widespread distribution of viral vectors: Predicting clinical implementation. (2010)

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has been introduced to overcome the inability of many pharmacological agents to cross the blood-brain barrier, making these agents potentially effective in situ and suitable for the treatment of brain disorders. To achieve CED, drugs are pumped continuously through stereotactically placed catheters directly into the brain, or into or within the vicinity of a tumor mass. This medical technology has been applied to the local delivery of small-molecule drugs, including standard chemotherapeutics, and novel experimental targeted drugs, including targeted cytotoxins. When administered by an experienced clinician, the CED of a molecularly targeted cytotoxin has resulted in a significantly better outcome in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). More recent gene therapy clinical trials have also demonstrated that such treatments impact on the course of the disease when administered using CED. The use of CED to administer gene therapy for brain neoplasms may improve the efficacy of this treatment. However, CED is under development, and issues such as the type of catheters to use and their placement, as well as the pharmacological formulation and stability of drugs or vectors, are being studied to achieve efficacious delivery into the desired regions of the diseased brain. This review discusses the use of CED to deliver gene therapy for brain tumors, particularly gliomas, such as GBM.
Serum factors in tumor‐free patients cancelling the blocking of cell‐mediated tumor immunity (1971)

Abstract It has been previously shown that lymphocytes from cancer patients can kill cultivated neoplastic cells of the type carried by the lymphocyte donors and that sera from patients with growing tumors of the respective types can specifically block the tumor‐cell destruction. The present study demonstrates that sera from all of seven tumor patients tested (one with melanoma, one with colonic carcinoma and four with breast carcinoma), who had become clinically tumor‐free, could “unblock” ( = abrogate) the blocking effect of sera from patients bearing tumors of the respective types, thus making it possible for immune lymphocytes to kill cultivated neoplastic cells in the combined presence of the “unblocking” and blocking sera.
Diets high in selenium and isoflavones decrease androgen-regulated gene expression in healthy rat dorsolateral prostate (2008)

These results suggest that combined intake of high selenium and high isoflavones may achieve a greater chemopreventive effect than either compound supplemented individually.
Nano-Structured Glassy and Ceramic Surfaces: Development of "Active" Materials for an Innovative Approach to Building Industry (2010)

In the last years there was an increasing interest of the scientific and technological community in the field of healthy and ecological buildings. Nanotechnology gives a substantial contribution in the development of new advanced materials, environmentally sustainable and safe for the consumers. Due to their multi-functional behaviour, nano-materials are at the basis of a revolutionary technical improvement in buildings: titania nano-structured films are applied on ceramic and glass surfaces increasing drastically the self-cleaning and anti bacterial activity. Substrates with controlled porosity can be designed to obtain anti-pollution surfaces either for external and internal environments, a photo reactor has been developed in our laboratory: a device to assess the photo degradation kinetic of pollutants (NOx and VOC’s) and help customers in the certification of eco-buildings. Surfaces based on nano-silver have been also developed leading to an anti bacterial effect in absence of light meanwhile anti-scratch and zero porosity substrates can be obtained from nano-zirconia and nano-silica suspensions. CERICOL has developed and scaled-up a “green chemistry” synthesis in water or glycols allowing simple industrial applications on different substrates as tiles, glass, plastic, paint, wood and concrete.
IOT electron gun design using beam optics analyzer (2012)

Summary form only given. Inductive output tubes (IOTs) have become increasingly important sources of high power RF at high megahertz and low gigahertz frequencies. Their high efficiency (>70%) and compact size make IOTs an attractive option for numerous application areas. IOT electron guns are unique in that cathode emission is controlled by a closely spaced grid that is also an element of the RF input cavity. However, the time dependent emission, small 3D grid features, disproportionate length scales (i.e. cathode-grid gap versus overall gun dimensions) and complex emission processes make computational design of IOT guns a challenging problem [1]. Recent work shows that one key simplification can be made: the time dependent features of IOT guns do not require full electromagnetic simulation. Thus, time-stepped electrostatic modeling is sufficient. The Beam Optics Analyzer (BOA) code [2] is well matched for this type of modeling.
Multicentered hydrogen bonding in 1-[(1-deoxy-β-<scp>D</scp>-fructopyranos-1-yl)azaniumyl]cyclopentanecarboxylate (`<scp>D</scp>-fructose-cycloleucine') (2019)

The title compound, C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>21</sub>NO<sub>7</sub>, (<b>I</b>), is conformationally unstable; the predominant form present in its solution is the β-pyran-ose form (74.3%), followed by the β- and α-furan-oses (12.1 and 10.2%, respectively), α-pyran-ose (3.4%), and traces of the acyclic carbohydrate tautomer. In the crystalline state, the carbohydrate part of (<b>I</b>) adopts the <sup>2</sup> <i>C</i> <sub>5</sub> β-pyran-ose conformation, and the amino acid portion exists as a zwitterion, with the side chain cyclo-pentane ring assuming the <i>E</i> <sub>9</sub> envelope conformation. All heteroatoms are involved in hydrogen bonding that forms a system of anti-parallel infinite chains of fused <i>R</i> <sub>3</sub> <sup>3</sup>(6) and <i>R</i> <sub>3</sub> <sup>3</sup>(8) rings. The mol-ecule features extensive intra-molecular hydrogen bonding, which is uniquely multicentered and involves the carboxyl-ate, ammonium and carbohydrate hy-droxy groups. In contrast, the contribution of inter-molecular O⋯H/H⋯O contacts to the Hirshfeld surface is relatively low (38.4%), as compared to structures of other d-fructose-amino acids. The <sup>1</sup>H NMR data suggest a slow rotation around the C1-C2 bond in (<b>I</b>), indicating that the intra-molecular heteroatom contacts survive in aqueous solution of the mol-ecule as well.
Acidic Components of Catalytically Cracked Distillate Fuel Oil (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidic Components of Catalytically Cracked Distillate Fuel OilAlbert L. Williams and Robert D. OffenhauerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 8, 1259–1264Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50572a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50572a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts