gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surveyors' forum: Notations for concurrent programming (1983)

article Surveyors' forum: Notations for concurrent programming Share on Author: M. Stella Atkins Computer Science Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1W5, Canada Computer Science Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1W5, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 15Issue 4December 1983 pp 375–376https://doi.org/10.1145/289.357841Published:02 December 1983 0citation276DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads276Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
<i>Citrobacter rodentium</i>Infection in Mice Elicits a Mucosal Th1 Cytokine Response and Lesions Similar to Those in Murine Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1999)

Citrobacter rodentium is a classically noninvasive pathogen of mice that is similar to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) in man. Following oral infection of young mice, the organism colonizes the distal colon, and within 1 week the colonic mucosa doubles in thickness and there is massive epithelial cell hyperplasia. Since T-cell responses in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) also cause epithelial hyperplasia, we have investigated the possibility that C. rodentium promotes similar T-cell responses in the mucosa, thereby increasing epithelial shedding, transmission, and replication of the organism. Beginning 6 days after infection, bacteria were observed to be in close association with the epithelial surface and were also visible scattered throughout the lamina propria and in the submucosa. There was a CD3(+)-cell infiltrate into the colonic lamina propria and epithelium as well as mucosal thickening and crypt hyperplasia. The majority of CD3(+) cells were CD4(+) and were not gammadelta+. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis of cytokines also revealed a highly polarized Th1 response (interleukin-12, gamma interferon, and tumor necrosis factor alpha) in the mucosa and a large increase in the epithelial cell mitogen keratinocyte growth factor. None of the changes were seen in mice inoculated with bacteria lacking intimin (which is necessary for colonization), but they were seen in mice inoculated with C. rodentium complemented with intimin from EPEC. This is the first example of a classically noninvasive bacterial pathogen which elicits a strong mucosal Th1 response and which produces pathology similar to that seen in mouse models of IBD, which is also characterized by a strong Th1 response. These results also suggest that the colonic mucosa responds in a stereotypic way to Th1 responses.
Can cochlear maps predict behavioral performance in frequency analysis in mammals and birds? (1990)

A modification of a cochlear position-frequency map function [D. D. Greenwood, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 33, 1344–1356 (1961)] permits tentative maps to be constructed for mammals and birds using two species parameters: basilar membrane length and the upper frequency hearing limit. The slope of the map function (Hz/mm) estimates the form of the critical bandwidth (and other behaviorally equivalent units of frequency analysis) function of frequency once the critical cochlear distance (CD) corresponding to a critical band (or other unit) is known. Fits of the slope function to critical bands, critical masking ratio bands, frequency discrimination thresholds, and psychophysical tuning curve widths for 10 mammal and 12 bird species estimate respective CDs, and support the notions that: (1) Most mammal and bird cochleas analyze frequency similarly, (2) CDs are about equal for middle frequencies within a species, and (3) the various behavioral measures of frequency analysis are related. The hypothesis that critical band CDs for most mammals are equal (about 1.3 mm) cannot be rejected, but birds show a significantly smaller CD (about 0.4 mm). [Work supported by a center grant from NINCDS.]
Author response: Registered report: Melanoma genome sequencing reveals frequent PREX2 mutations (2014)

The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology seeks to address growing concerns about reproducibility in scientific research by conducting replications of 50 papers in the field of cancer biology published between 2010 and 2012. This Registered Report describes the proposed replication plan of key experiments from 'Melanoma genome sequencing reveals frequent PREX2 mutations' by Berger and colleagues, published in Nature in 2012 The key experiments that will be replicated are those reported in Figure In these experiments, Berger and colleagues show that somatic PREX2 mutations identified through whole-genome sequencing of human melanoma can contribute to enhanced lethality of tumor xenografts in nude mice (Figure 3B, S6B, and S6C;
Novel porphyrins and a chlorin as efficient singlet oxygen photosensitizers for photooxidation of naphthols or phenols to quinones (2000)

Four porphyrins and one chlorin having aromatic groups at the meso position have been synthesized and tested as potential sensitizers for the photooxidation of phenols. The yields of conversion of 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene and 2,3,5-trimethylphenol to their corresponding quinones have been determined following photolysis in air-saturated acetonitrile–dichloromethane solutions in the presence of these compounds, and are higher than those obtained using other photosensitizers. The reactions are shown to proceed via formation of singlet oxygen (1Δg), followed by its addition to the phenol. A mechanism is presented. Rates of reaction of singlet oxygen with the substrates were determined by studying the decay of the 1O2* emission. Singlet oxygen quantum yields and formation efficiencies for the photosensitizers have been determined by laser flash photolysis and photoacoustic calorimetry. In addition, for two of the porphyrins, these were also measured using time-resolved luminescence. In all cases, highly efficient singlet oxygen formation is observed. The stabilities of the sensitizers to prolonged photolysis were studied. The compound 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin was found to be a particularly efficient photosensitizer for oxidation of phenols. It is suggested that this is due both to its high singlet oxygen yield and to its good photostability.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphoryl to Carbonyl Migration of Amino Groups in Mixed Anhydrides. Reactivity and Crystal Structure of N‐Methyl‐2‐benzoyloxy‐2‐oxo‐1,3,2‐oxazaphosphorinane. (1988)

Abstract The oxazaphosphorinane (III) is prepared by ring closure of the dichloride (I) with 2‐aminoethanol (II).
Self-Adaptive Dissemination of Data in Dynamic Sensor Networks (2008)

The distribution of data in large dynamic wireless sensor networks presents a difficult problem due to node mobility, link failures, and traffic congestion. In this paper, we propose a framework for adaptive flooding protocols suitable for disseminating data in large-scale dynamic networks without a central controlling entity. The framework consists of cooperating mobile agents and a reinforcement learning component with function approximation and state generalization. A component for agent coordination is provided, as well as rules for agent replication, mutation, and annihilation. We examine the adaptability of this framework to a data dissemination problem in a simulation experiment.
Is loxapine more effective than chlorpromazine in paranoid schizophrenia? (1984)

The authors compared loxapine with chlorpromazine in inpatients with paranoid schizophrenia and found no difference in clinical efficacy. Thus a previous finding, based on retrospective analyses, that loxapine was superior to other neuroleptics in the treatment of paranoid schizophrenia was not verified in this prospective study.
A Study on the Origin of Surface Roughness During the Finish Turning of 0.45% Carbon Steel with a Carbide Tool (1972)

The origins of surface roughness are studied during the finish turning of 0.45% carbon steel with a carbide tool. The existence of micro built-up-edge, the profile of chip surface and machined surface, and the wear grooves on the minor flank of the tool are measured at some interval during the test run. The primary origin of surface roughness changes with tool wear in the order of i) micro built-up-edge, ii) wear groove and rarely existing micro built-up-edge, iii) wear groove and self-excited vibration of tool. Small surface roughness (Rmax=1.5 μ) is produced between the stage ii) and iii) when a machine tool having high dynamic stiffness is used.At the statge of stationary tool wear rate, the transcription of wear groove of tool to the work surface plays main roles in the surface roughness formation. Therefore it is duely expected that the surface with small surface roughness can be produced by turning under the condition which does not produce deep groove wear.
Tumor Hypoxia Does Not Drive Differentiation of Tumor-Associated Macrophages but Rather Fine-Tunes the M2-like Macrophage Population (2013)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are exposed to multiple microenvironmental cues in tumors, which collaborate to endow these cells with protumoral activities. Hypoxia, caused by an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand because of a poorly organized vasculature, is often a prominent feature in solid tumors. However, to what extent tumor hypoxia regulates the TAM phenotype in vivo is unknown. Here, we show that the myeloid infiltrate in mouse lung carcinoma tumors encompasses two morphologically distinct CD11b(hi)F4/80(hi)Ly6C(lo) TAM subsets, designated as MHC-II(lo) and MHC-II(hi) TAM, both of which were derived from tumor-infiltrating Ly6C(hi) monocytes. MHC-II(lo) TAM express higher levels of prototypical M2 markers and reside in more hypoxic regions. Consequently, MHC-II(lo) TAM contain higher mRNA levels for hypoxia-regulated genes than their MHC-II(hi) counterparts. To assess the in vivo role of hypoxia on these TAM features, cancer cells were inoculated in prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2)-haplodeficient mice, resulting in better-oxygenated tumors. Interestingly, reduced tumor hypoxia did not alter the relative abundance of TAM subsets nor their M2 marker expression, but specifically lowered hypoxia-sensitive gene expression and angiogenic activity in the MHC-II(lo) TAM subset. The same observation in PHD2(+/+) → PHD2(+/-) bone marrow chimeras also suggests organization of a better-oxygenized microenvironment. Together, our results show that hypoxia is not a major driver of TAM subset differentiation, but rather specifically fine-tunes the phenotype of M2-like MHC-II(lo) TAM.
Application of data compression to real-time estimation (1971)

This paper deals with the compression of the data obtained from measurements in real-tome non-linear estimation problems. The purpose is to reduce the data processing requirements. Since data compression is never optimal, one always can expect a certain deterioration in the performance of the estimator when using the compressed data. However, it is shown theoretically that under certain conditions one can preprocess the raw measurement data such that the loss of information (in the sense of Fisher) is minimized. In this case, the estimation performance is practically the same as when no data compression is utilized. A specific application, the tracking of a reentry vehicle with a linearized filter, is discussed in more detail and simulation results are presented. The conditions derived theoretically are satisfied in this case and the results confirm this.
Synthesis of Unsubstituted and 4,4′‐Substituted Oligobipyridines as Ligand Strands for Helicate Self‐Assembly (1991)

Abstract A general strategy for the synthesis of oligobipyridine ligands 2 – 5 containing from two to five 2,2′‐bipyridine subunits, for helical metal complexes is described (sec Scheme ). Both the unsubstituted parent strands ( a series) as well as their derivatives bearing fester or amide functions in the 4,4′‐positions of the bipyridine moieties ( b – d series) have been obtained.
Surgical treatment of malignant melanoma of the skin (1979)

Abstract Surgery is the primary therapeutic modality in the treatment of primary melanomas and metastases to lymph nodes. Surgery also plays an important role in the therapy of locally recurrent tumors and distant metastases in selected cases. Wide excision of the primary tumor in stage I malignant melanoma results in a recurrence rate of about 2%. Surgical techniques for lymph node dissection are the same for melanoma as those performed for other malignancies. There is little question that dissection is necessary in obviously involved nodal areas, but controversy remains regarding the value of lymph node dissection of clinically uninvolved regional nodes. A prospective, randomized study by the World Health Organization has shown no improvement in survival for patients who underwent elective regional node dissection . Surgery is the treatment of choice when melanoma recurs locally as a single cutaneous or subcutaneous nodule. Surgery may also result in long‐term, disease‐free survival in patients with a solitary distant metastasis after treatment of a primary lesion .
Excess adenosine in murine penile erectile tissues contributes to priapism via A2B adenosine receptor signaling (2008)

Priapism, abnormally prolonged penile erection in the absence of sexual excitation, is associated with ischemia-mediated erectile tissue damage and subsequent erectile dysfunction. It is common among males with sickle cell disease (SCD), and SCD transgenic mice are an accepted model of the disorder. Current strategies to manage priapism suffer from a poor fundamental understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the disorder. Here we report that mice lacking adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme necessary for the breakdown of adenosine, displayed unexpected priapic activity. ADA enzyme therapy successfully corrected the priapic activity both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that it was dependent on elevated adenosine levels. Further genetic and pharmacologic evidence demonstrated that A2B adenosine receptor-mediated (A2BR-mediated) cAMP and cGMP induction was required for elevated adenosine-induced prolonged penile erection. Finally, priapic activity in SCD transgenic mice was also caused by elevated adenosine levels and A2BR activation. Thus, we have shown that excessive adenosine accumulation in the penis contributes to priapism through increased A2BR signaling in both Ada -/- and SCD transgenic mice. These findings provide insight regarding the molecular basis of priapism and suggest that strategies to either reduce adenosine or block A2BR activation may prove beneficial in the treatment of this disorder.
Wearing Surfaces for Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks (1999)

In the state of Alaska, a six-span 884.5-m orthotropic steel bridge crosses the Yukon River at a 6 percent grade. The bridge is on a gravel road, it has a roadway width of 9.2 m, and the orthotropic steel deck is supported by two steel box girders 154.9 cm wide and 414.0 cm deep. The structure is expected to support the oil pipeline, a future gas line, and a low volume of heavy loaded trucks and to respond to harsh winter temperatures. This structure was designed in the early 1970s with a 127-mm two-layer timber deck wearing surface. Since then, the wearing surface has been replaced twice with timber decks (1981, 1992) and is again scheduled for timber deck replacement in 1999. Alternative wearing surfaces for other orthotropic bridge decks are reviewed. Orthotropic steel deck flexibility is examined and design charts for selecting the thickness for a given wearing surface are presented. The design charts account for truck loads and temperature change; no provision is made for traction or abrasion. The use of these charts is illustrated. Strains caused by prepositioned truck loads were measured in the orthotropic steel deck. The deck had a two-layer 127-mm timber wearing surface. These strains were compared by analysis. The results showed that the timber-deck system was stiff. Live load tensile strains and the range of strain were low; thermal stresses are expected to be high. Cold temperature thermal cracking, abrasion, adhesion to the steel deck, and traction are important parameters for selecting a future wearing surface. Live load fatigue in the wearing surface should not be a problem for this orthotropic bridge.
Characterization of multilocus linkage disequilibrium (2005)

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the human genome, often measured as pairwise correlation between adjacent markers, shows substantial spatial heterogeneity. Congruent with these results, studies have found that certain regions of the genome have far less haplotype diversity than expected if the alleles at multiple markers were independent, while other sets of adjacent markers behave almost independently. Regions with limited haplotype diversity have been described as "blocked" or "haplotype blocks." In this article, we propose a new method that aims to distinguish between blocked and unblocked regions in the genome. Like some other approaches, the method analyses haplotype diversity. Unlike other methods, it allows for adjacent, distinct blocks and also multiple, independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) separating blocks. Based on an approximate likelihood model and a parsimony criterion to penalize for model complexity, the method partitions a genomic region into blocks relatively quickly, and simulations suggest that its partitions are accurate. We also propose a new, efficient method to select SNPs for association analysis, namely tag SNPs. These methods compare favorably to similar blocking and tagging methods using simulations.
Expression of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 characterizes effector and effector memory CD8+ T cells after viral infection (150.4) (2011)

Abstract A number of changes in surface marker expression characterize the differentiation of naïve to effector and memory CD8+ T cells. However, no single surface marker has been reported that durably characterizes effector memory (CD62L- and CCR7-) CD8+ T cells and allows distinction from other T cell subsets, in particular central memory CD8+ T cells (CD62L+ CCR7+). We report here the robust surface expression of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 by effector and memory CD8+ T cells following viral challenge. CX3CR1 expression by CD8+ T cells occurred relatively late after activation, appearing on virus specific T cells 4-5 days after LCMV infection. Expression of CD127 increased on CX3CR1hi cells over time and was markedly enriched during the memory phase. Memory CX3CR1hi CD8+ cells did not express central memory associated LN homing molecules CCR7 or CD62L, and failed to enter LNs, while preferentially localizing to peripheral tissues. Memory CX3CR1hi possessed potent cytolytic function while maintaining a modest proliferative capacity following viral rechallenge. These findings characterize CX3CR1 as a robust and distinctly expressed marker to identify long-lived effector memory CD8+ T cell, which to date could only be approximated as cells that express memory markers, but lack lymph node homing receptors. Expression of CX3CR1 by effector memory CD8+ T cells may provide a potent tool for differentially visualizing their in vivo behavior alongside central memory T cells after rechallenge.
Young Women with PD (2001)

Parkinson's Disease (PD) prior to the age of 40 affects between 5-10% of the PD population. The psychosocial changes that patients with early PD encounter, may be more devastating and disabling than the actual motor disability. The paper describes a unique experience in groupwork with young female PD patients treated in the Movement Disorders Unit of the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center. The paper focuses on the special issues which characterized this group's experience: stigma, body and sexual image, and personality traits.
Rigid bolaform surfactant templated mesoporous silicon nanofibers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2014)

Carbon-coated mesoporous silicon nanofibers for use in advanced lithium-ion batteries show a stable capacity of approximately 1141 mA h g<sup>−1</sup> over 100 cycles at 0.2 C.
Effect of Pulse Width on Object Movement <i>In Vitro</i> Using Holmium:YAG Laser (2007)

Pressure waves from Ho:YAG lithotripsy are less than with other modalities, yet some retropulsion occurs. The duration of the laser pulse can influence shockwave generation and object migration. Longer pulse width results in less object movement after one shock and more energy delivery during repetitive shocks. Clinically, this regimen may reduce the need for fiber readjustment and lead to more efficient stone fragmentation.
Een gevalsstudie in forensische fonetiek (2011)

In de forensische fonetiek gaat het niet zozeer over de herkenning van een spraakklank, maar veeleer over de herkenning van een spreker. Nochtans zijn de concepten, grootheden en meetinstrumenten waarvan men zich bedient in wezen dezelfde. Akoestische details die voldoende variëren van spreker tot spreker en tegelijk voor een gegeven spreker relatief constant zijn, zijn echter moeilijk te vinden. In de forensische fonetiek bestaat er (nog) geen definitieve set van parameters en is er evenmin een vast protocol voor spreker-identificatie of authenticatie van opnames: men moet parameters en protocol aanpassen aan de voorhanden zijnde data. Deze bijdrage gaat over een geval van dreigtelefoons. De auteurs werd gevraagd om een kopie van de originele opname van een antwoordapparaat, gemaakt door politie, te verifiëren (authenticatie) en om vervolgens na te gaan of een verdachte effectief als de spreker in de opname aanzien kon worden (spreker-identificatie).
Urinary stone erosion and fragmentation under low-intensity quasi-collimated ultrasound using gas-filled microbubbles with stone-targeting lipid shells (2018)

Urinary stone lithotripsy critically depends on the presence of cavitation nuclei at the stone surface. We hypothesized that introduction of stone-targeting microbubbles could increase cavitation activity at a stone surface sufficiently to allow stone erosion and fragmentation at peak negative pressures much lower than in acoustic energy-based urinary stone interventions with induced cavitation nuclei alone. Gas-filled microbubbles were produced with calcium-binding moieties incorporated into an encapsulating lipid shell. Stone surface coverage with these targeting microbubbles was found to approach an optimal (considering microbubble expansion during insonation) range of 5–15% with incubation times of three minutes or less. Using high-speed photomicroscopy, we observe bound microbubbles expanding 10- to 30-fold under insonation with quasi-collimated sources at mechanical indexes below 1.9. For observed stand-off parameters in the range of 0.2–0.6, the modeled collapse-generated shockwaves exceed 100 MPa. In swine model studies with these targeting microbubbles, stone fragmentation into passable fragments occurs with treatment times around 30 minutes, while post-treatment examination of ureters and kidneys shows no evidence of urothelium damage or renal parenchymal hemorrhage. The stone-targeting microbubbles reported on here have formed the basis for a new non-invasive urinary stone treatment which recently entered human clinical trials.