gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Summary of the Function of Sn in Iron and Steel (2013)

In the steel industry Sn is always regarded as harmful impurity element, one of "Five harmful elements", which affects the welding property and equality of steel product especially the equality of continuously cast bloom and causes hot brittleness, temper brittleness, crack and fracture. While Sn element also has a vital influence on free-cutting steel, electrical sheet, cast iron and stainless steel. NSSC developed ferritic stainless steel containing low Sn and Ni content improving the corrosion resistance performance and the workability significantly. So the Sn element, as cheap alternative adding element, can substitute for Cr and Ni. It's helpful to study the effect of tin in the iron and steel and develop new stainless steel products of high equality conserving chromium resources. In this way it will promote the variety and technique of stainless steel, ensure the independence on resources and conserve resources remarkably.
Art Therapy Licensure Update (1995)

The New Mexico Therapist and Counselor Practice Act has been in effect for 2 years. This omnibus act includes the first licensure for art therapists in the United States. Two art therapists provide an update on the evolution of that licensure and how these changes have helped other art therapists in their endeavors to create laws to protect themselves as professionals.
Piezoelectric fields in strained heterostructures and superlattices (1992)

The piezoelectric response of strained heterostructures and superlattices is examined. A general crystallographic direction of growth is assumed for a subcritical cubic piezoelectric layer. Piezoelectric fields appear only along (or opposite to) the growth axis, provided all three direction cosines of the latter, relative to the cubic axes, are nonzero. The formulation is based on elasticity theory, and the results are compared with other approaches in the literature. Standard and less standard directions of growth are worked out explicitly.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Reactions of N‐Hydroxy‐, Methoxy‐, 2,3‐epoxypropoxy‐ phthalimides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simplification of Nomenclature leads to an Ideal IL for Human Language Communication (1997)

In this talk, we advocate the view that simplification of nomenclature, stated in linguistically well-motivated concepts, leads to an ideal IL for human language communication systems including multi-lingual machine translation and spoken language dialogue systems. To advocate this view, we describe our method of constructing IL representations in developing our multilingual machine translation system, CCLINC (cf. Tummala et al. 1995, Weinstein et al. 1996, Lee et al. 1997), and give a demonstration of two-way English/Korean translation by CCLINC. At MIT Lincoln Laboratory, we have been developing a multi-lingual machine translation system, called CCLINC. The core of CCLINC consists of the language understanding system (TINA, cf. Seneff 1992) and the language generation system (GENESIS, cf. Glass et al. 1994). The system has been applied to English-to-French, English-to-Korean and Korean-to-English translations. In designing an IL representation, we have been following two developmental strategies: First, simplification of nomenclature. Second, preservation of the predicate/argument structure of the input sentence. These strategies are largely drawn from the experience of applying the language understanding/generation system to spoken language dialogue systems (cf. Zue et al 1996). Simplification of nomenclature provides a very general IL which can be used in various application areas including information access from a database, language tutoring, and conversational systems. Preservation of predicate/argument structure facilitates generation of multiple output languages, which are accurately ordered in each target language. The intermediate meaning representation, which we call a semantic frame, is derived from the parse tree of the input sentence. All major parse tree constituents (regardless of whether they are semantic or syntactic) are reduced into one of three major categories in the semantic frame, namely, clause, topic and predicate. All noun phrase expressions are mapped onto “topic.” All adjectives, prepositional phrases, and verb phrases, are mapped onto “predicate.” The frame hierarchy structure encodes dependencies among clauses, topics, and predicates. Thus the predicate/argument structure of the input sentence is preserved. Information regarding the sentence type such as declarative, and imperative, is encoded at the ‘clause’ level. The ontology of each category in the semantic frame is described in English for reasons of convenience, and the formalism has been incrementally enriched as we develop experience from working with diverse language classes.
Operating system features for shared workspace cooperation (2002)

A brief overview of shared workspace cooperation is presented, where concepts and terms are clarified. Design aspects and desirable features of shared workspace cooperation tools and the relevance of operating systems supporting them are investigated. By focusing on three basic cooperation entities, user, tool, and object, features regarding shared workspace cooperation are identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multiple Pathways for the Irreversible Inhibition of Steroid Sulfatase with Quinone Methide‐Generating Suicide Inhibitors (2009)

Abstract Unexpected inhibition : 2‐ and 4‐mono‐ and difluoromethyl estrone sulfate derivatives are suicide inhibitors of steroid sulfatase (STS). Kinetic studies suggest that inhibition by the monofluoro derivatives is a result of a quinone methide intermediate that reacts with active‐site nucleophiles, whereas the main inhibition pathway of the 4‐difluoromethyl derivative is a result of decomposition of the initial quinone methide to an aldehyde that acts as potent, almost irreversible inhibitor. magnified image
Improved equivalent circuit and analytical model for amorphous silicon solar cells and modules (1998)

An improved equivalent circuit for hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) solar cells and modules is presented. It is based on the classic combination of a diode with an exponential current-voltage characteristic, of a photocurrent source plus a new term representing additional recombination losses in the i-layer of the device. This model/equivalent circuit matches the I(V) curves of a-Si:H cells over an illumination range of six orders of magnitude. The model clearly separates effects related to the technology of the device (series and parallel resistance) and effects related to the physics of the p-i-n junction (recombination losses). It also allows an effective /spl mu//spl tau/ product in the i-layer of the device to be determined, characterizing its state of degradation.
ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2008: application of natriuretic peptides (2008)

In the current ESC guidelines for the management of heart failure,1 Dickstein et al. for the first time integrate B-type natriuretic peptides into a concrete diagnostic algorithm for patients with suspected first presentation of chronic heart failure. Patient presentation in this case most probably happens in primary care. Therefore, it seems uncommon that natriuretic peptides are …
Molecular Testing in Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer (2015)

With increasing prevalence of thyroid nodules, clinicians are increasingly impelled to identify the optimal predictor of thyroid cancer, with the goal of guiding management based on assessed risk. Fine-needle aspiration cytology is the gold standard diagnostic method for thyroid nodules. However, fine-needle aspiration cytology is not perfect and adjuncts which might complement its predictive value are being investigated from several innovative perspectives. For these vigorous efforts, remarkable advances have been achieved in understanding several major biologic areas of thyroid cancer, including the molecular alterations for loss of radioiodine avidity of thyroid cancer, the pathogenic role of the MAP kinase and PI3K/Akt pathways and their related genetic alterations in thyroid tumorigenesis and pathogenesis. These exciting advances provide unprecedented opportunities for development of molecular-based novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for thyroid cancer. The common somatic genetic changes in thyroid cancer of follicular cell origin (RET/PTC, NTRK, RAS, BRAF, PAX8-PPAR) are generally mutually exclusive, with distinct genotype-histologic subtype associations of thyroid cancer. Mutation analysis in fine needle aspiration samples has been applied to improve the diagnostic accuracy. In studies regarding gene expression profiling, aberrant gene methylation and miRNA have shown significant progress toward identification of biomarkers that could improve the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of patients with thyroid nodule and prediction of disease aggressiveness. Future clinical trials evaluating the accuracy and cost-effectiveness of applying these biomarkers in the management of thyroid neoplasm should be considered.
Randomized, controlled trial comparing once daily and three times daily gentamicin in children with urinary tract infections (2001)

With age-appropriate dosing and measurement of serum trough concentrations before the second dose, OD gentamicin is safe and effective for the treatment of UTI requiring parenteral treatment in children aged 1 month to 12 years.
An Effective Approach for Allocating VMs to Reduce the Power Consumption of Virtualized Cloud Environment (2014)

Current orientation of computing is based on "Pay for Use" model known as Cloud computing which provides the services with remote virtualized data centers. It has composition of various virtual machines different in numbers and types. These VMs contain their own computational resources to provide the services to the users. Some of the VM's task may include scheduling and distribution of resources under the specified scheduling and management policies enabling efficient resource allocation and utilization. Because of virtual resource utilization by all the users in shared or dedicated mode based on pay per use basis, lot of energy is consumed. Energy consumption has aroused a question among researchers to develop the technique or methods to optimize it. To understand or measure the energy consumption, we conduct analysis and we suggest a new formula approach instead of old approach for allocation of virtual machine in cloud environment, which improve the power efficiency of cloud data center.
The Importance of Saccular Function to Motor Development in Children with Hearing Impairments (2009)

Children with hearing deficits frequently have delayed motor development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate saccular function in children with hearing impairments using the Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potential (VEMP). The impact of the saccular hypofunction on the timely maturation of normal balance strategies was examined using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (Movement ABC). Thirty-three children with bilateral severe/profound hearing impairment between 4 and 7 years of age were recruited from a three-state area. Approximately half of the sample had one or bilateral cochlear implants, one used bilateral hearing aids, and the rest used no amplification. Parents reported whether the hearing impairment was diagnosed within the first year or after 2 years of age. No VEMP was evoked in two thirds of the hearing impaired (HI) children in response to the bone-conducted stimulus. Children who were reportedly hearing impaired since birth had significantly poorer scores when tested with the Movement ABC.
A prospective study of acute idiopathic neuropathy. III. Immunological studies. (1988)

The immune responses of 100 patients who presented with an acute idiopathic neuropathy were compared with those of age and sex matched controls. Blood lymphocytes and their subsets were counted with a fluorescent activated cell sorter. CD8+ (putative suppressor) lymphocytes were significantly reduced in the first week of the disease but total lymphocytes, total T and CD4+ (putative helper) cells were not altered. This reduction depended on the nature of the preceding infection. Serum complement C3 and C4 concentrations remained normal and immune complexes were rarely detected with a C1q binding assay. Complement-fixing antibodies to human peripheral nerve antigens were discovered in the serum of 7% of patients but only 1% of controls. Complement-fixing antibodies to galactocerebroside were not discovered in any sera. Enzyme-linked immunoassays detected increased antibody responses to galactocerebroside but none at all to human P2 myelin protein in the patient sera. Forty microliter of serum from five patients injected into the sciatic nerves of rats did not induce significantly more demyelination than the serum from control patients. It is concluded that auto-immune responses can only be detected by these techniques in a small minority of patients with acute idiopathic neuropathy.
Phytochemistry of the genus Lavandula (2002)

The annual production of lavender oil has been estimated at 462 tonnes (Lawrence, 1992). It is not surprising therefore that our knowledge of the phytochemistry of Lavandula is centred on the essential oils (mono-and sesquiterpenoids) present in the genus. Studies of the volatile constituents of the commercially important species, L. angustifolia and L. latifolia, and their hybrid has revealed the presence of well over 150 chemicals, many of them as trace components. The substances which contribute most to the characteristic lavender scent are described here under the terpenoid heading. One intriguing structure reported from the cultivated lavender plant could, however, be considered as an alkaloid. This is the substance 2-N-phenylaminonaphthalene, the structure of which was confirmed by synthesis (Papanov et al., 1985). This would seem to be the only account of an alkaloid-like substance in Lavandula. However, simple organic bases such as stachydrine and betonicine have been described as occasional constituents of the family, the Labiatae, to which Lavandula belongs (Hegnauer, 1966).
Continuous Calculation of Intratracheal Pressure in Tracheally Intubated Patients (1993)

Ptrach can be monitored by combining our ETT coefficients and the flow and airway pressure continuously measured at the proximal end of the ETT.
English for the Computer: SUSANNE Corpus and Analytic Scheme (1995)

Computer processing of natural language is a burgeoning field, but until now there has been no agreement on a standardized classification of the diverse structural elements that occur in real-life language material. This book attempts to define a "Linnaean taxonomy" for the English language: an annotation scheme, the SUSANNE scheme, which yields a labelled constituency structure for any string of English, comprehensively identifying all of its surface and logical structural properties. The structure is specified with sufficient rigour that analysts working independently must produce identical annotations for a given example. The scheme is based on large sample of real-life use of British and American written and spoken English. The book also describes the SUSANNE electronic corpus of English which is annotated in accordance with the scheme. It is freely available as a research resource to anyone working at a computer conected to Internet, and since 1992 has come into widespread use in academic and commerical research environments on four continents.
A framework for segmentation using physical models of image formation (1994)

This paper presents a new approach to segmentation using explicit hypotheses about the physics that creates images. We propose an initial segmentation that identifies image regions exhibiting constant color; but possibly varying intensity. For each region, we propose a set of hypotheses, each of which specifically models the illumination, reflectance, and shape of the 3-D patch which caused that region. Each hypothesis represents a distinct, plausible explanation for the color and intensity variation of that patch. Hypotheses for adjacent patches can be compared for similarity and merged when appropriate, resulting in more global hypotheses which group elementary regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-performance Ag0.8Pb18+xSbTe20 thermoelectric bulk materials fabricated by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (2006)

Polycrystalline AgnPbmSbTem+2n thermoelectric materials, whose compositions can be described as Ag0.8Pb18+xSbTe20 were prepared using a combined process of mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. Electric properties of the sintered samples with different Pb contents were measured from room temperature to 700K. The maximum power factor of 1.766mW∕mK2 was obtained at 673K for the Ag0.8Pb22SbTe20 sample, which corresponds to a high dimensionless figure of merit, ZT=1.37. This best composition is different from that reported before.
The role of C5a in acute lung injury induced by highly pathogenic viral infections (2015)

The complement system, an important part of innate immunity, plays a critical role in pathogen clearance. Unregulated complement activation is likely to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI) induced by highly pathogenic virus including influenza A viruses H5N1, H7N9, and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus. In highly pathogenic virus-induced acute lung diseases, high levels of chemotactic and anaphylatoxic C5a were produced as a result of excessive complement activaiton. Overproduced C5a displays powerful biological activities in activation of phagocytic cells, generation of oxidants, and inflammatory sequelae named "cytokine storm", and so on. Blockade of C5a signaling have been implicated in the treatment of ALI induced by highly pathogenic virus. Herein, we review the literature that links C5a and ALI, and review our understanding of the mechanisms by which C5a affects ALI during highly pathogenic viral infection. In particular, we discuss the potential of the blockade of C5a signaling to treat ALI induced by highly pathogenic viruses.
<i>Aspergillus</i>antigens: which are important? (2005)

Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous fungus that causes a variety of diseases in man and animals. A number of protein, carbohydrate, and glycoprotein antigens have been identified from A. fumigatus. The diseases are diverse, and therefore are the antigens and their roles in causing or modulating the diseases. The induction and binding of antibodies and the interaction of antigen and various immune cells are of immense significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease. In recent years, over 20 genes encoding A. fumigatus antigens have been cloned and the proteins expressed. Among these allergens, Asp f 1, f 2, f 3, f 4, and f 6 showed strong but diverse IgE binding with sera from different groups of patients. Results currently available suggest that Asp f 2, f 3, and f 6 together reacted with IgE from more patients with asthma and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), although they are only marginally effective in demonstrating specific IgE in patients with cystic fibrosis and ABPA. The molecular structure of allergens also plays a major role in the immunological response in the allergic patients. Antigens can be engineered with less or more binding with IgE, and such antigens may have significant roles as specific reagents or as immunomodulators.
A Transversal Equalizer for Television Circuits (1960)

Transmission of television signals over long systems requires a fine degree of equalization. An adjustable type of equalizer to supplement fixed equalizers is discussed. It provides both gain and delay characteristics in the form of harmonically related cosine shapes which are independently adjustable. The design and operation of the equalizer is explained on the basis of paired echo theory. The 336A equalizer used in the L3 coaxial system is discussed as an example of this equalization technique.
[Adjuvant treatment of tubal surgery. Randomized prospective study of systemically administered corticoids and noxythiolin]. (1989)

The effectiveness of systemic corticosteroids in the prevention of adhesion formation and reformation has been recently questioned, on the grounds of non randomized studies. Noxythiolin has been tried in animal experiments, but never in the human. In this paper, a randomized study of the effect of dexamethasone and/or noxythiolin versus no treatment has been conducted by the Group d'Etude des Adhérences Pelviennes. 126 patients have been operated upon by microsurgery (salpingectomy and/or salpingolysis). Adhesions have been assessed by a score derived from the American Fertility Society endometriosis classification, before operation and by laparoscopy 3 to 6 months later. The mean improvement on adhesion score was 23.2 in the corticosteroid treated group, 19.3 in the noxythiolin group, 15.7 in the noxythiolin and corticosteroid group, 10.2 in the control group. 40% of patients (13 out of 32) in the corticosteroid group, versus 26% (5 out of 29) in the noxythiolin and corticosteroid group and 19% (6 out of 31) in the control group (p less than 0.02) became pregnant. No adverse effect has been noted. These results support the use of corticosteroids in infertility surgery.
Finite element modeling of human brain and application in neurosurgical procedures (2007)

Ph.D
A direct approach to obtain tighter bounds for large fault trees with repeated events (2002)

This paper presents a direct approach to provide a bound on the probability of occurrence of the TOP event in large fault trees with repeated events. Our method uses the concept of a cutting heuristic discussed in the literature to obtain the signal probabilities for testability measurement in logic circuits. The method is efficient and solves coherent and noncoherent fault trees with repeated events and having standard gates such as AND, OR, XOR and NOT gates. Examples are used to illustrate the approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>