gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixtures of Nonionic Surfactants made from Renewable Resources with Alkyl Sulfates and Sodium <i>n</i>‐Alkanecarboxylates: Comparison of Mixing Behavior using Rubingh's Treatment (2013)

Abstract Binary aqueous mixtures of () alkyl glucopyranosides (glycosides), () alkyl maltopyranosides (maltosides), or () alkyl N ‐methyl glucamines with (1′) sodium alkyl sulfates or (2′) sodium n ‐alkyl carboxylates were investigated in an effort to evaluate physiochemical properties for mixtures of surfactants from renewable resources. Solutions at various concentrations and mixture ratios were tested and evaluated to determine critical micelle concentrations (CMCs). The greatest reduction in CMC was found for surfactants with long and intermediate hydrophobe lengths. In agreement with other studies, an increase in hydrophilic group size and flexibility decreased the electrostatic repulsion of ionic‐nonionic mixed micelles as evidenced by a more negative Rubingh's β parameter. However, at low hydrophobe length, carboxylate and glycoside headgroup mixtures produced mixed micelle interactions displaying synergism at low nonionic surfactant mole fractions and slight antagonism at high nonionic mole fractions. The asymmetry in interaction produces an S‐shaped CMC curve and demonstrates that the one‐parameter Rubingh model is insufficient in describing both synergism and antagonism for this binary mixture.
The transcriptional coactivator TAZ regulates mesenchymal differentiation in malignant glioma (2011)

Recent molecular classification of glioblastoma (GBM) has shown that patients with a mesenchymal (MES) gene expression signature exhibit poor overall survival and treatment resistance. Using regulatory network analysis of available expression microarray data sets of GBM, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), we identified the transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), to be highly associated with the MES network. TAZ expression was lower in proneural (PN) GBMs and lower-grade gliomas, which correlated with CpG island hypermethylation of the TAZ promoter compared with MES GBMs. Silencing of TAZ in MES glioma stem cells (GSCs) decreased expression of MES markers, invasion, self-renewal, and tumor formation. Conversely, overexpression of TAZ in PN GSCs as well as murine neural stem cells (NSCs) induced MES marker expression and aberrant osteoblastic and chondrocytic differentiation in a TEAD-dependent fashion. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), we show that TAZ is directly recruited to a majority of MES gene promoters in a complex with TEAD2. The coexpression of TAZ, but not a mutated form of TAZ that lacks TEAD binding, with platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) resulted in high-grade tumors with MES features in a murine model of glioma. Our studies uncover a direct role for TAZ and TEAD in driving the MES differentiation of malignant glioma.
Resistance of diamond optics to high-power fiber laser radiation (2012)

The resistance of optical windows and mirrors that are made of polycrystalline CVD diamonds (with a 25-mm diameter and 1.3-mm thickness) with a heat conductivity of 1970 W/mK is studied upon the radiation of the CW ytterbium laser (λ = 1.07 μm and the power is 10 kW). It is determined that the window withstands a power density of 11.7 MW/cm2, and a 25-layer interference mirror on a diamond plate was destroyed (without cooling) at 8.2 MW/cm2. The simulation of the water-cooled window showed that its maximum heating will not exceed 100°C at an incident power of 35 kW. It is shown that unique properties of the CVD diamond allow one to consider this material promising for applications in high-power lasers.
Ligand Accessibility to Receptor Binding Sites Enhanced by Movable Polyrotaxanes (2011)

Functionalized polyrotaxanes are utilized to investigate the relation to multivalent interactions between the mannose moiety and Con A immobilized surfaces. According to the results of SPR spectroscopy, the mannose-conjugated polyrotaxanes show a higher response than any other mannose conjugate on both surfaces of high- and low-density Con A. Moreover, the results of the FRET analysis suggest that the mobility of α-cyclodextrins in the polyrotaxane more efficiently contributes to their binding interactions in a multivalent manner. This well-defined polyrotaxane system provides control over ligand density, ligand mobility, and gives an efficient response to the biological interaction receptor, which has not been easy to achieve in covalently bound polymeric systems.
Computational intelligence as an emerging paradigm of software engineering (2002)

Software Engineering is inherently knowledge intensive. Software processes and products are human centered. The technology of Computational Intelligence (CI) intensively exploits various mechanisms of interaction with humans and processes domain knowledge with intent of building intelligent systems. As commonly perceived, CI dwells on three highly synergistic technologies of neural networks, fuzzy sets (or granular computing, in general) and evolutionary optimization. As the software complexity grows and the diversity of software systems skyrocket, it becomes apparent that there is a genuine need for a solid, efficient, designer-oriented vehicle to support software analysis, design, and implementation at various levels. The research agenda makes CI a highly compatible and appealing vehicle to address the needs of knowledge rich environment of Software Engineering. The objective of this study is to identify and discuss synergistic links emerging between Software Engineering and Computational Intelligence. We show how CI --- based models contribute to the methodology of constructing models of software processes and products. Several selected examples (including software cost estimation, quality, and software measures) are included.
Hospice (1985)

This article reports a descriptive study of three freestanding demonstration hospices funded by the National Cancer Institute. Information is presented on the origin and organization of each hospice, its staffing pattern, the characteristics of all patients admitted during the ninemonth study period, and patient use of the hospice program (home care or inpatient). Only 258 (42.7 percent) of the original sample of 604 patients completed the study. These patients differed from those who were ineligible to participate either for medical reasons or for reasons involving activities of daily living and symptoms such as dyspnea, anorexia, fatigue. and dysphagia. The study also demonstrated that the organizational milieu in which the hospices were established determined the patterns of care the patients received. This article is the first of a series of articles that summarize the data from the study.
Ubiquitin-mediated Degradation of the Formin mDia2 upon Completion of Cell Division (2009)

Formins assemble non-branched actin filaments and modulate microtubule dynamics during cell migration and cell division. At the end of mitosis formins contribute to the generation of actin filaments that form the contractile ring. Rho small GTP-binding proteins activate mammalian diaphanous-related (mDia) formins by directly binding and disrupting an intramolecular autoinhibitory mechanism. Although the Rho-regulated activation mechanism is well characterized, little is known about how formins are switched off. Here we reveal a novel mechanism of formin regulation during cytokinesis based on the following observations; 1) mDia2 is degraded at the end of mitosis, 2) mDia2 is targeted for disposal by post-translational ubiquitin modification, 3) forced expression of activated mDia2 yields binucleate cells due to failed cytokinesis, and 4) the cytokinesis block is dependent upon mDia2-mediated actin assembly as versions of mDia2 incapable of nucleating actin but that still stabilize microtubules have no effect on cytokinesis. We propose that the tight control of mDia2 expression and ubiquitin-mediated degradation is essential for the completion of cell division. Because of the many roles for formins in cell morphology, we discuss the relevance of mDia protein turnover in other processes where ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis is an essential component.
Microextensometry measurements and identification of mechanical properties on cortical bone (2010)

International audience
Abstract 115: Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation for Refractory Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest (EROCA) - Results of a Randomized Feasibility Trial of Expedited Prehospital Transport (2020)

Introduction: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is promising but is unproven, and outcomes are strongly dependent on time to initiation of therapy. Expedited transport may facilitate opportunities for ECPR in clinical practice and future trials. Hypotheses: We hypothesized that a real-time dispatch-based computer algorithm could select refractory OHCA patients who could be reliably transported to the emergency department (ED) within 30 min of the 911 call, and that Emergency Medicine physicians could initiate ECPR in eligible patients within 30 min of ED arrival. Methods: In a 2-tiered EMS system serving a US city of 100k in 29 square miles with an ECPR capable primary destination hospital, adults with refractory shockable or witnessed OHCA were randomized 4:1 to expedited transport (ET) or standard prehospital care (SC) if the predicted 911 to ED arrival time was <30 min. A maximum sample size of 24 was planned. The study required exception from informed consent. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients with 911 to ED arrival <30 min and ED arrival to ECPR flow <30 min. Results: Out of 156 cardiac arrest runs, 15 participants (10%) were randomized prior to ending the trial for slow accrual. Five of 12 patients randomized to expedited transport had an ED arrival time of <30 min (mean 32.5+7.1). All ECPR eligible patients were cannulated, 3 of 5 receiving ECPR had flow initiated <30 min of ED arrival (mean 32.4+10.9), and 7 were ECPR ineligible. One patient (randomized to SC) survived to 30 days, and no patients in either group survived with a good neurological outcome. Conclusions: EROCA demonstrated a functional model for selecting patients with refractory OHCA for ET in an ECPR capable system but did not meet predefined time-interval targets. These results provide important insight into the feasibility of ECPR clinical trials and clinical practice based on selected target intervals.
A Joint Optimization Scheme for Artificial Noise and Transmit Filter for Half and Full Duplex Wireless Cyber Physical Systems (2017)

While half and full duplex wireless enabled cyber physical systems (CPSs) are gaining more importance and research attention, maintaining the security of CPS systems remains a vital challenge. The broadcast nature of wireless channels makes it possible for unauthorized receivers, called eavesdroppers, to capture the information signal. Wireless physical layer security techniques aim to harden the secrecy characteristics of wireless systems, decreasing the signal quality of a prospective eavesdropper. This paper considers a joint optimization of artificial noise (AN) signal and transmit filter for the information signals in order to achieve a target secrecy level. As eavesdropping attacks are very critical threats in CPS networks, and the need for high secrecy techniques remains valid. The proposed framework includes a scenario with two multi-antenna legitimate parties and a multi-antenna eavesdropper node (or multiple cooperating eavesdroppers). The transmit filter and AN signal are jointly optimized by the transmitters, where receiver nodes can make use of optimal transmit filters. The problem is derived for the cases where the legitimate CPS nodes perform full duplex and half duplex transmissions. The impact of channel estimation errors and self interference are also discussed.
SHORT-RANGE ORDER IN AMORPHOUS GeTe FILMS (1970)

Thin films of amorphous (stoichiometric) GeTe have been examined by direct recording of electron diffraction, and intensity profiles across the diffuse diffraction pattern have been recorded with electrostatic rejection of inelastically scattered electrons. Radial distribution analysis of these curves shows that the local order is not characteristic of the distorted rocksalt structure of bulk GeTe, i.e., nearest-neighbor distance of 2.99 Å and nearest-neighbor coordination of 6. Instead it is found that the nearest-neighbor distance is 2.65 Å with coordination of approximately 4. This result is of significance for the interpretation of the electronic properties of amorphous films.
Whole Body Vibration Levels: A Realistic Baseline for Standards (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Statistical measures of whole-body vibration from ambulation are shown to be higher than those from operation of earthmoving machinery and significantly higher than published guidelines for human exposure to whole-body vibration. The inconsistency of human response to low level vibration of technological origin as compared to human imperceptiveness to high level vibration from ambulation is discussed.</div>
"Leech" = Like? (1940)

Journal Article "Leech" = Like? Get access Richard Hussey Richard Hussey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 178, Issue 19, 11 May 1940, Page 335, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/178.19.335g Published: 11 May 1940
Mitochondrial DNA variation in Chinese and Indian rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) (2005)

DNA was extracted from the buffy coats or serum of 212 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) sampled throughout the species' geographic range. An 835 base pair (bp) fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was amplified from each sample, sequenced, aligned, and used to estimate genetic distances from which phylogenetic trees were constructed. A tree that included sequences from rhesus macaques whose exact origins in China are known was used to determine the regional origin of clusters of haplotypes, or haplogroups, defined by the trees. Indian rhesus sequences formed one large homogeneous haplogroup with very low levels of nucleotide diversity and no geographic structure, and a second much smaller haplogroup apparently derived from Burma. The sequences from Burma and eastern and western China were quite divergent from those in the major haplogroup of India. Each of these sequences formed separate clusters of haplotypes that exhibited far greater nucleotide diversity and/or population structure. Correspondingly, sequences from Indian rhesus macaques that are considered to represent different subspecies (based on morphological differences) were intermingled in the tree, while those from China reflected some, but not all, aspects of subspecific taxonomy. Regional variation contributed 72% toward the paired differences between sequences in an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), and the average differences between the populations of eastern and western China were also statistically significant. These results suggest that Indian and Chinese rhesus macaques were reproductively isolated during most, if not all, of the Pleistocene, during which time Indian rhesus macaques experienced a severe genetic bottleneck, and that some gene flow westward into India was subsequently reestablished. Samples from breeding centers in three different provinces of China included sequences from rhesus macaques that originated in both eastern (or southern) and western China, confirming anecdotal reports that regional breeding centers in China exchange breeding stock. Genetic differences among rhesus macaques (even those acquired from the same regional breeding center) that originate in different geographic regions and are employed as subjects in biomedical experiments can contribute to phenotypic differences in the traits under study.
The S13 Genome (1978)

Bacteriophage S13, one of the isometric phages, was first described by Burnet (1927) as one of a series of phages isolated from Salmonella cultures; these phages were given the prefix S followed by arabic numerals. Soon after its discovery S13 was found to have anomalous properties in comparison with the other phages. For example, it was shown to migrate to the cathode in an electric field, and this electrical behavior was strikingly affected by changes in pH (Burnet and McKie 1930). It was relatively stable to reducing dyes and diffused much more rapidly than other phages. The latter result led to the speculation that S13 was smaller than most other phages (Burnet and McKie 1930). Evidence to support this hypothesis came from early centrifugal studies by Elford (1936), and an estimate was made of its size as 15 to 17 nm—a figure in agreement with results from previous ultrafiltration analyses (Elford and Andrewes 1932). Subsequent studies concentrated mainly on the action of various compounds on S13 (S13 having been chosen as a test phage because of its small size). One study revealed the unusual result that, unlike other phages, when S13 was irradiated by ultraviolet light it failed to kill its host (Mills 1955). In 1958, Zahler published a comparison of some of the biological properties of S13 and the more recently discovered ϕ X174; a close serological relationship between the two phages was found. In 1959, I. Tessman showed by 32 P-decay studies that the DNA of phage S13 is...
A novel network based on TD-LTE for counter-terrorism emergency communication in urban area (2014)

It is believed that effective communications are important to a successful response to emergency situations. Especially, when a terrorist attack happens, the ability to share multimedia information promptly and directly affects the ability to fight terrorists and save lives. In this paper, a novel network which is based on TD-LTE is designed for counter-terrorism emergency communication in urban area. With the description of the architecture of the TD-LTE CECN, this paper mainly focuses on the process of accessing to the network. Besides, an example of data flow is provided as well as a simulation to prove the performance of this network. At the end of this paper, a political mechanism is discussed to fight terrorists effectively.
Energy Saving Potential of Traffic-Regulated Street Lighting (2023)

Some municipalities switch off street lights for several hours at night to save energy and reduce operating costs as a consequence of soaring electricity prices in Europe. Complete darkness in the streets raises public concern about safety and security. The current street lighting standard EN 13201 enables the road luminance to be reduced in parallel with diminishing traffic volume offering a viable tradeoff between energy saving and road safety. This paper presents a methodology to estimate the energy-saving potential of traffic-regulated street lighting based on traffic counting data. By analyzing traffic volume and composition collected from an urban street over the one-year period, we found that traffic sensor-regulated street lighting can deliver up to 55% reduction in electricity costs while maintaining road luminance in line with the recommendations of EN 13201-2. In the presented case, the daily traffic volume profiles were remarkably stable following either a workday or a holiday pattern. Statistical analysis showed that 45% energy saving could be achieved by the pre-programmed dimming schedule of the luminaires while remaining compliant with the standard. The effect of daylight-saving time on the energy consumption of adaptive street lighting was also analyzed.
Reflection from surfaces with a thin overlayer (2000)

An approach to treating experimental reflectometry and ellipsometry data for bulk samples covered by an overlayer is suggested. This approach can be used for measurement of optical constants of solids, characterization of overlayers, and probing the abruptness of the spatial distribution of a bulk dielectric function. Numerical simulation shows that in the soft-x-ray and extreme-UV ranges the method can be applied for overlayers up to 3-8 nm thick.
Hedgehog Signaling Components Are Expressed in Choroidal Neovascularization in Laser-induced Retinal Lesion (2016)

Choroidal neovascularization is one of the major pathological changes in age-related macular degeneration, which causes devastating blindness in the elderly population. The molecular mechanism of choroidal neovascularization has been under extensive investigation, but is still an open question. We focused on sonic hedgehog signaling, which is implicated in angiogenesis in various organs. Laser-induced injuries to the mouse retina were made to cause choroidal neovascularization. We examined gene expression of sonic hedgehog, its receptors (patched1, smoothened, cell adhesion molecule down-regulated by oncogenes (Cdon) and biregional Cdon-binding protein (Boc)) and downstream transcription factors (Gli1-3) using real-time RT-PCR. At seven days after injury, mRNAs for Patched1 and Gli1 were upregulated in response to injury, but displayed no upregulation in control retinas. Immunohistochemistry revealed that Patched1 and Gli1 proteins were localized to CD31-positive endothelial cells that cluster between the wounded retina and the pigment epithelium layer. Treatment with the hedgehog signaling inhibitor cyclopamine did not significantly decrease the size of the neovascularization areas, but the hedgehog agonist purmorphamine made the areas significantly larger than those in untreated retina. These results suggest that the hedgehog-signaling cascade may be a therapeutic target for age-related macular degeneration.
Increased platelet and vascular smooth muscle reactivity to low-dose adrenaline infusion in mild essential hypertension (1988)

During low-dose adrenaline infusion, platelet count, platelet size, plasma beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) and forearm vascular resistance (FVR) were measured in twelve 40-year-old men with mild, untreated hypertension. The average platelet count increased from 195 to 226 X 10(9)/l (P less than 0.001), platelet size from 7.31 to 7.53 X 10(-15)/l (P less than 0.01), BTG from 0.61 to 1.08 nmol/l (P less than 0.02) and FVR decreased from 97 to 58 (arbitrary units; P less than 0.001) during the infusion. The change in platelet count reflects splenic release of platelets, the change in plasma BTG reflects platelet release reaction, while the reduced FVR reflects vascular smooth muscle cell relaxation. In 11 normotensive men aged 40 years, platelet count increased from 187 to 201 X 10 g/l (P less than 0.01) during an equal low-dose adrenaline infusion. This increase in platelet count is significantly less than in the hypertensive group (P less than 0.01). There was statistically no significant change in platelet size, BTG or FVR in the normotensive group. Arterial adrenaline rose from 0.5 to 2.5 nmol/l in the hypertensive and from 0.5 to 2.4 nmol/l in the normotensive group. A third group of 12 normotensive men received saline infusion: neither platelet parameters nor FVR changed in this group. Thus, a small and equal dose of adrenaline elicited a greater increase in platelet count, an enhanced platelet release reaction and a more pronounced forearm vasodilation in hypertensive than in normotensive subjects.