gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equine Type Estrogens Produced by a Pregnant Woman Carrying a Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Fetus (1999)

The equine-type estriols 1,3,5(10),7-estratetraene-3,16α,17β-triol (16α-hydroxy-17β-dihydroequilin) and 1,3,5(10),6,8-estrapentaene-3,16α,17β-triol (16α-hydroxy-17β-dihydroequilenin) constituted over half of the estrogens excreted by a woman carrying a Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS) affected fetus. The steroids were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and mass spectra of the dehydro estriols as trimethylsilyl ethers are illustrated. SLOS is associated with 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC), delta 7-reductase deficiency; the enzyme catalyzing the final step in cholesterol biosynthesis. Identification of these equine estrogens show that an estrogen biosynthetic pathway parallel to normal is functional in the feto-placental unit and uses 7DHC as precursor, therefore P450scc, P450c17, and 3βHSD and P450arom are all active on 7-dehydrometabolites. Patients with affected fetuses have low plasma estriol values (probably due to deficient production of the cholesterol precursor) and this is often a warning sign which instigates further evaluation for SLOS. The estriol deficiency is not quantitatively made up by the dehydrometabolites, and the combined excretion was found to be about one-third of the mean of gestational age matched controls. The importance of these findings lies in the potential value of dehydroestriol measurement for non-invasive diagnosis of SLOS at mid-gestation. Currently diagnosis relies on imaging, since SLOS is a malformation syndrome, and measurement of 7DHC levels in amniotic fluid and chorionic villus tissue.
Inapproximability for planar embedding problems (2010)

We consider the problem of computing a minimum-distortion bijection between two point-sets in ℝ2. We prove the first non-trivial inapproximability result for this problem, for the case when the distortion is constant. More precisely, we show that there exist constants 0 < α < β, such that it is NP-hard to distinguish between spaces for which the distortion is either at most α, or at least β, under the Euclidean norm. This addresses a question of Kenyon, Rabani and Sinclair [KRS04], and extends a result due to Papadimitriou and Safra [PS05], who gave inapproximability for point-sets in ℝ3. We also apply similar ideas to the problem of computing a minimum-distortion embedding of a finite metric space into ℝ2. We obtain an analogous inapproximability result under the ℓ∞ norm for this problem. Inapproximability for the case of constant distortion was previously known only for dimension at least 3 [MS08].
Transcriptional profiling of radiation damage and preventive treatments in a 3-dimensional (3D) human cell culture model of oral mucositis (2015)

Cancer patients who receive radiation are often afflicted by oral mucositis, a debilitating disease, characterized by mouth sores and difficulty in swallowing. Oftentimes, cancer patients afflicted with mucositis must stop life-saving therapies. Thus it is very important to prevent mucositis before it develops. Using a validated organotypic model of human oral mucosa, a 3-dimensional cell culture model of human oral keratinocytes, it has been shown that a mixture (NAC-QYD) of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and a traditional Chinese medicine, Qingre Liyan decoction (QYD), prevented radiation damage (Lambros et al., 2014). Here we provide detailed methods and analysis of microarray data for non-irradiated and irradiated human oral mucosal tissue with and without pretreatment with NAC, QYD and NAC-QYD. The microarray data been deposited in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): GSE62397. These data can be used to further elucidate the mechanisms of irradiation damage in oral mucosa and its prevention.
Long-lasting Complete Regression of Established Mouse Tumors by Counteracting Th2 Inflammation (2013)

Mice with intraperitoneal ID8 ovarian carcinoma or subcutaneous SW1 melanoma were injected with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to CD137PD-1CTLA4 7-15 days after tumor initiation. Survival of mice with ID8 tumors tripled and >40% of mice with SW1 tumors remained healthy >150 days after last treatment and are probably cured. Therapeutic efficacy was associated with a systemic immune response with memory and antigen specificity, required CD4 cells and involved CD8 cells and NK cells to a less extent. The 3 mAb combination significantly decreased CD19 cells at tumor sites, increased IFN-γ and TNF-α producing CD4 and CD8 T cells and mature CD86 dendritic cells (DC), and it increased the ratios of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells to CD4Foxp3 regulatory T (Treg) cells and to CD11bGr-1 myeloid suppressor cells (MDSC). This is consistent with shifting the tumor microenvironment from an immunosuppressive Th2 to an immunostimulatory Th1 type and is further supported by PCR data. Adding an anti-CD19 mAb to the 3 mAb combination in the SW1 model further increased therapeutic efficacy. Data from ongoing experiments show that intratumoral injection of a combination of mAbs to CD137PD-1CTLA4CD19 can induce complete regression and dramatically prolong survival also in the TC1 carcinoma and B16 melanoma models, suggesting that the approach has general validity.
Multipath Artifact Corrections in Ultrasonic Transmission Tomography (1982)

This paper deals with computed imaging techniques for ultrasonic transmission tomography. Cross-sectional images of the refractive index in soft biological tissues can be obtained by measuring the arrival-time of signals that propagate between two transducers. An alternative method to obtain images is to measure the attenuation in the path between the pair of transducers. In practice, images of the refractive index exhibit a better quality than images of the attenuation coefficient. In this report we have shown through computer simulation that some of the degradations in images of the attenuation coefficient are due to the existence of multiple rays that link the transmitting and the receiving transducers. This condition is known as multipath. We have demonstrated two methods to reduce the influence of multipath on reconstructions of the attenuation coefficient. The first method employs homomorphic signal processing to estimate the attenuation coefficient for one of the linking rays. The second method applies median filtering in the projection space to remove the artifacts caused by multipath. The correction techniques were tested on data obtained by scanning tissue equivalent phantoms. Results obtained indicate that the correction methods significantly improve the quality of images of the attenuation coefficient.
Influenza virus-induced changes in rabbit sleep and acute phase responses (1992)

Systematic investigations of sleep after viral inoculation have not previously been described. In the present study, rabbits were inoculated intravenously (iv) with control allantoic fluid followed by two sequential inoculations of influenza virus at intervals of 24 h. After each i.v. inoculation, sleep and brain temperature (Tbr), as well as leukocyte distributions and serum levels of antiviral activity and ceruloplasmin, were monitored. The first viral inoculation elicited several acute phase responses, including increased non-rapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS), Tbr, serum antiviral activity, and serum ceruloplasmin levels, as well as neutrophilia and lymphopenia. In contrast to the effects of the first inoculation, after the second inoculation of virus, all these acute phase parameters were diminished or absent (the hyporesponsive state). Inoculation of naive rabbits with heat-inactivated virus was similarly ineffective; however, inoculation of this group of rabbits with viable virus 24 h later did induce full-scale acute phase responses. The possible role of cytokines in mediating the acute phase response after influenza viral challenge is discussed. Results support the hypothesis that sleep is a facet of the acute phase response involved in host defense mechanisms.
Coupled-mode theory of the crossed-field instability (1969)

Interaction of cyclotron beam modes with circuit modes is studied using a coupled-mode approach. It is found that the interaction of the slow cyclotron beam mode with the fast forward circuit mode can lead to growth. The instability experimentally observed also supports this hypothesis. Means are discussed for reducing the growth rate in order to improve the stability of a crossed-field amplifier.
Recombinant Antibodies with Conformationally Constrained HIV Type 1 Epitope Inserts Elicit Glycoprotein 160-Specific Antibody Responses <i>in Vivo</i> (1997)

Although neutralizing epitopes have been identified on the HIV-1 gp120/gp41 envelope complex, efforts to exploit this information through the construction of synthetic peptide vaccines have been largely unsuccessful. Unfortunately, synthetic peptides tend to be poorly immunogenic, and most often lack the conformational characteristics of the corresponding epitope in the native protein. In an effort to circumvent these difficulties, we have utilized an anti-class II MHC antibody as a molecular scaffold for the construction of two conformationally constrained neutralizing HIV-1 epitopes. Previously we demonstrated that anti-class II MHC antibodies can function as vectors for the induction of adjuvant-independent antibody responses to incorporated epitopes. In this instance, one epitope, IHIGPGRAFYT, is the crown of the V3 loop from gp120, and the other, ELDKWAS, is a neutralizing epitope from gp41. The insertion of these epitopes into a specific loop region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain FR3 was found to preserve the anti-class II MHC-binding activity of these recombinant antibodies, and the inserts were recognized by epitope specific monoclonal antibodies. When utilized as immunogens, each of these epitope insertion antibodies was able to induce high-titer anti-HIV-1 gp160 responses in guinea pigs. These responses were conformation specific in that the anti-gp160 binding was not inhibited by the synthetic peptide corresponding to the epitope in question. These data demonstrate the potential to construct conformationally constrained HIV-1 epitope immunogens, and thus establish an alternative approach to the design of an effective HIV-1 subunit vaccine.
Genomic and Proteomic Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most deadly liver malignancies found worldwide, with hepatitis virus infection being the prominent risk factor for this lesion. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma are usually first diagnosed when in the advanced stage; thus, long-term clinical outcomes are poor and patients have limited treatment options. Currently, surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma relies upon serological testing of alpha-fetoprotein levels and hepatic ultrasonography, which have low sensitivity and specificity, and are sometimes operator-dependent, respectively. Therefore, discovery of new biomarkers for early and accurate detection of hepatocellular carcinoma would be of great clinical value. Genomic and proteomic approaches are two major laboratory platforms for the identification of candidate hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers based on profiling and validating with tumor and nontumor clinical samples. Frequently, these diagnostic markers have been found in association with genetic aberrations, protein-level alterations, post-translational modifications and immune functions. With the discovery of these biomarkers, earlier detection of hepatocellular carcinoma in high-risk subjects (e.g., cirrhosis and hepatitis carriers) becomes possible, which will enable clinicians to offer patients better clinical management and more effective treatment modalities.
Upper hemiretinal occult retinopathy (2013)

Abstract Purpose To emphasize the significance of photopsias and positive scotomas as subjective indicators of occult retinopathy. Methods The patient’s depiction of his photopsias led to a diagnostic work‐up by white and red static and kinetic perimetry, OCT, and visual electrophysiology. Results Within the OD lower visual field our patient encountered a rapid loss of color vision. In dark environs, coloured photopsias showed up in this region, in bright environs, a positive black scotoma developped over time. Kinetic perimetry revealed a relative lower hemifield scotoma by white and an absolute one by red targets. On static perimetry, a distinct lower hemifield scotoma improved for white but persisted for red stimuli during 3 years of follow up. Retinal origin of the scotoma was proven by mf ERG. Serology for anti‐retinal antibodies remained negative. Difficult to detect by ophthalmoscopy, an affection of the OS / RPE layer in the corresponding fundus area was proven by SD OCT. Conclusion Coloured photopsias in dark, a black positive scotoma in bright envorons are salient symptoms of this upper hemifield occult retinopathy. OCT, visual fields and electrodiagnostic findings point towards a variant of AZOOR (acute zonal occult outer retinopathy).
Stereoisomers of ketoconazole: preparation and biological activity (1992)

The four stereoisomers of the antifungal agent ketoconazole (1) were prepared and evaluated for their selectivity in inhibiting a number of cytochrome P-450 enzymes. Large differences in selectivity among the isomers were observed for inhibition of the cytochromes P-450 involved in steroid biosynthesis, whereas little differences was observed for inhibition of those associated with hepatic drug metabolism. The cis-(2S,4R) isomer 2 was the most effective against rat lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase, (2S,4R)-2 greater than (2R,4S)-4 much greater than (2R,4R)-3 = (2S,4S)-5, and progesterone 17 alpha,20-lyase, (2S,4R)-2 much greater than (2S,4S)-5 greater than (2R,4R)-3 = (2R,4S)-4, whereas the cis-(2R,4S) isomer 4 was more effective against cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase, (2R,4S)-4 greater than (2S,4S)-5 greater than (2R,4R)-3, greater than (2S,4R)-2, and the trans-(2S,4S) isomer 5 was the most effective against aromatase, (2S,4R)-5 much greater than (2R,4R)-3 = (2R,4S)-4 greater than (2S,4R)-2. The cis-(2S,4R) and trans-(2R,4R) isomers 2 and 3 are equipotent in inhibiting corticoid 11 beta-hydroxylase and much more effective than their antipodes. Little selectivity was observed for inhibition of cholesterol side chain cleavage or xenobiotic hydroxylase. These data indicate that the affinity of azoles for cytochrome P-450 enzymes involved in steroid synthesis is highly dependent on the stereochemistry of the entire molecule, whereas binding to drug metabolizing enzymes is a less selective process.
Low-energy proton detection by Pd metal-insulator-semiconductor diodes (1988)

It has been discovered that palladium-gated metal-insulator-silicon Schottky barrier diodes are very sensitive to fluxes of energetic protons in high vacuum. Data on the dosimetric response of the diodes to energetic protons are presented, along with data on the subsequent decay in the induced signal. A model for the response is developed, based on the response of similar structures to partial pressures of molecular hydrogen. The model involves adsorption sites at both the external Pd surface and the interface between Pd and SiO2, as well as known H absorption properties of bulk Pd. The sensitivity at 300 K of our diodes is about 109 protons (1011 cm−2). The inventory of protons stored in the bulk Pd, the surface, and at the interface indicates that the areal site density for the surface and interface is about 1015 cm−2.
Hemifacial spasm and involuntary facial movements (2002)

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by tonic and clonic contractions of the muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. It is important to distinguish this from other causes of facial spasms, such as psychogenic facial spasm, facial tic, facial myokymia, blepharospasm, and tardive dyskinesia. Magnetic resonance imaging and angiography studies frequently demonstrate vascular compression of the root exit zone of the facial nerve. Importantly, an underlying space-occupying lesion needs to be excluded in patients with associated atypical features such as facial numbness and weakness. Botulinum toxin injection to the facial muscles is an effective treatment for HFS, with few disabling side-effects.
High-frequency simulations and compact models compared with measurements for passive on-chip components (2005)

Dedicated on-chip passive test structures to test the quality of high-frequency simulations and compact models are described. Based upon the simulations a compact (SPICE) model is calculated. The paper shows the quantitative correlation between measurements and simulations for a resistor, a coplanar line and a metal insulator metal capacitor. Agreement of less than 10% is obtained between measurements and simulations. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distance mean-regular graphs (2015)

We introduce the concept of distance mean-regular graph, which can be seen as a generalization of both vertex-transitive and distance-regular graphs. Let $Γ$ be a graph with vertex set $V$, diameter $D$, adjacency matrix $A$, and adjacency algebra ${\cal A}$. Then, $Γ$ is $distance$ $mean$-$regular$ when, for a given $u\in V$, the averages of the intersection numbers $p_{ij}^h(u,v)=|Γ_i(u)\cap Γ_j(v)|$ (number of vertices at distance $i$ from $u$ and distance $j$ from $v$) computed over all vertices $v$ at a given distance $h\in \{0,1,\ldots,D\}$ from $u$, do not depend on $u$. In this work we study some properties and characterizations of these graphs. For instance, it is shown that a distance mean-regular graph is always distance degree-regular, and we give a condition for the converse to be also true. Some algebraic and spectral properties of distance mean-regular graphs are also investigated. We show that, for distance mean regular-graphs, the role of the distance matrices of distance-regular graphs is played for the so-called distance mean-regular matrices. These matrices are computed from a sequence of orthogonal polynomials evaluated at the adjacency matrix of $Γ$ and, hence, they generate a subalgebra of ${\cal A}$. Some other algebras associated to distance mean-regular graphs are also characterized.
Bulk-solvent correction for fast translation search in molecular replacement: service programs for<i>AMoRe</i>and<i>CNS</i> (2003)

A new software package, BULK , was developed to allow fast and easy use of low-resolution data for the translation problem in molecular replacement. When the search model is relatively complete but not precise, or when its orientation is imprecisely determined, low-resolution data contribute very favourably to the solution of the translation-search problem. BULK comprises a specially developed program and a set of procedures complementary to the program AMoRe , as well as an input file for the CNS suite.
Voltage-controlled RF filters employing thin-film barium-strontium-titanate tunable capacitors (2003)

Tunable lowpass and bandpass lumped-element filters employing barium-strontium-titanate (BST)-based capacitors are presented. A new metallization technique is used, which improves the quality factor of the tunable BST capacitors by a factor of two. The lowpass filter has an insertion loss of 2 dB and a tunability of 40% (120-170 MHz) with the application of 0-9 V DC bias. The bandpass filter (BPF) has an insertion loss of 3 dB and a tunability of 57% (176-276 MHz) with the application of 0-6 V DC. The third-order intercept point of the BPF was measured to be 19 dBm with the application of two tones around 170 MHz.
Transannular Proton Transfer in the Cyclization of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate to Fusicoccadiene, a Biosynthetic Intermediate of Fusicoccins (2009)

Enzymatic cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to fusicoccadiene involves a transannular proton transfer process. Label distribution in the cyclized products derived from deuterium-labeled GGDPs showed that a proton generated from C-10 migrates to C-6 in the intermediary dolabellane framework prior to the second ring formation. Although a direct 1,5-proton transfer would achieve this process, semiempirical MO calculations suggested an alternative pathway, which involves successive 1,4- and 1,5-proton transfers using C-2 as a springboard.
Quantitative analysis of the temperature dependency in Raman active vibrational modes of molybdenum disulfide atomic layers (2013)

Raman spectroscopy is utilized to quantify the temperature dependency of the vibrational modes in molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) atomic layers. These analyses are essential for understanding the structural properties and phononic behaviors of this two-dimensional (2D) material. We quantitatively analyze the temperature dependent shifts of the Raman peak positions in the temperature range from 300 to 550 K, and find that both planar and out-of-plane characteristic modes are highly sensitive to temperature variations. This temperature dependency is linear and can be fully explained by the first-order temperature coefficient. Using a semi-quantitative model, we evaluate the contributions of the material's thermal expansion and intrinsic temperature effects to this dependency. We reveal that the dominating source of shift in the peak position of planar mode E2g(1) for samples of all thicknesses investigated is the four-phonon process. In addition to the four-phonon process, thermal expansion plays a significant role in the temperature dependency of the out-of-plane mode, A1g. The thickness dependency of the temperature coefficient for MoS2 and a drastic change in behaviors of samples from bi- to single-layered are also demonstrated. We further explore the role of defects in the thermal properties of MoS2 by examining the temperature dependency of Raman modes in CVD-grown samples.
Reviewer acknowledgement 2013 (2014)

Retrovirology would like to sincerely thank the following for giving their time and expertise to review manuscripts for the journal in 2013. Their support for the journal is greatly appreciated.
Solidification Processes in Polymers (1992)

This volume is devoted to solidification of polymers in general; crystalline, liquid crystalline, and amorphous polymers, including oriented polymers and the effects of pressure and processing are dis
Innovation in Robotics and Pediatric Urology: Robotic Ureteroureterostomy for Duplex Systems with Ureteral Ectopia (2016)

Our institutional results demonstrate that RAL-UU utilizing a temporary ureteral catheter is a safe and effective technique for managing duplicated, ectopic ureters in children and infants.
Planar grid embedding in linear time (1989)

The authors consider the problem of constructing a planar grid embedding for G, where G is a planar graph with n vertices, which maps vertices to distinct grid points and edges to nonintersecting grid paths. A new algorithm is presented that runs in O(n) time and produces grid embeddings with the following properties: (1) the total number of bends is at most 2.4n+2; (2) the number of bends along each edge is at most 4; (3) the length of every edge is O(n); and (4) the area of the embedding is O(n/sup 2/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>