gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mTOR Inhibitor RAD001 (everolimus) Is Active Against Multiple Myeloma Cells In Vitro and in Vivo. (2004)

Abstract We have recently shown that tumor cell proliferation, survival and drug-resistance in multiple myeloma (MM) and a broad range of other tumors is critically influenced by insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their receptor (IGF-1R) (Cancer Cell2004;5:221–30). Among the pleiotropic signaling cascades downstream of IGF-1R activation, we focused on the functional implications and therapeutic targeting of the Akt/p70S6K/mTOR axis, particularly of mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin), due to its regulatory role on cellular bioenergetics, a key aspect of tumor pathophysiology. Herein, we describe the in vitro and in vivo profiles of anti-tumor activity of the selective mTOR inhibitor RAD001 (Everolimus, Novartis AG). Using in vitro MTT assays, we observed that RAD001 is active (at nM concentrations) against a broad range of tumor cells, including >40 MM cell lines and >10 primary MM tumor cells (including cell lines or primary cells resistant to Dex, alkylating agents, anthracyclines, thalidomide (Thal), immunomodulatory Thal derivatives, bortezomib, and/or Apo2L/TRAIL), without significant impact on viability of normal hematopoietic cells or other normal tissues (e.g. bone marrow stromal cells), and its anti-MM effect was not blocked by forced overexpression of Bcl-2 or constitutively active Akt. While cytokine- or cell adhesion-mediated interactions with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment (e.g. BM stromal cells) protects MM cells from conventional therapies (e.g. Dex or cytotoxic chemotherapy), RAD001 was able to overcome this protective effect in co-culture models of MM cells with BM stromal cells or in vitro MM cell exposure to survival factors, e.g. IL-6 or IGF-I. Furthermore, RAD001 sensitized MM cells to other anti-MM therapeutics, e.g. dexamethasone, cytotoxic chemotherapeutics, or the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, even in cases of primary MM tumor cells refractory to these respective agents. Using hierarchical clustering analyses and relevance network algorithms, we found that the pattern of MM cell dose-response relationships to RAD001 is clearly distinct from the patterns of sensitivity or resistance to other conventional or investigational anti-MM drugs. This further supports the notion that RAD001 confers a constellation of pro-apoptotic/anti-proliferative molecular sequelae distinct from those of currently available anti-MM drugs, and also suggests that RAD001 may have anti-tumor activity even against subgroups of MM which may be resistant to other novel therapies which that are currently in clinical development. Importantly, administration of RAD001 in a SCID/NOD mice model of diffuse MM bone had in vivo anti-tumor activity, including suppression of MM tumor burden and prolongation of survival (p<0.01, log-rank test). These studies highlight an important role for mTOR in growth/survival of human MM cells and provide proof-of-principle for future clinical studies of mTOR inhibitors for the treatment of MM and other plasma cell dyscrasias.
A meridional profile of the chemical composition of submicrometre particles over the East Atlantic Ocean: regional and hemispheric variabilities (2002)

Within the framework of SWEDARP (Swedish Antarctic Program) 92/93 an aerosol sampling program was carried out on board of M/S Polarbjörnwhich carried staff and material to the Nordic Antarctic field exercises during the Austral summer 1992/1993. The cruise started 11 November 1992 from Oslo, went via Cape Town to Antarctica, and then back to Cape Town where the ship arrived on 4 January 1993. During the cruise, a meridional profile of physical and chemical submicrometre aerosol properties was derived covering the East Atlantic Ocean from 60°N to 70°S. The multicomponent aerosol data set combined with a trajectory analysis revealed a systematic meridional distribution of aerosol sources over the Atlantic that covered European and African continental plumes and, south of 15°S, a largely biologically controlled marine aerosol. Median number concentrations calculated over the whole cruise spanned a factor of 20 between 2000 and 100 cm−3, while total analyzed mass concentrations ranged between 7800 and 40 ng m3. From the biologically dominated subset of the data in the southern hemisphere, relationships were developed that allowed an apportionment of the observed sulfate and ammonium concentration to biogenic and anthropogenic sources over the whole meridional aerosol profile.
Enantioselective syntheses of secondary homoallyl alcohols with optically active .eta.3-allylmolybdenum complexes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective syntheses of secondary homoallyl alcohols with optically active .eta.3-allylmolybdenum complexesJ. W. Faller and D. L. LinebarrierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 5, 1937–1939Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00187a091https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00187a091research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views201Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Scanning probe microscopy of oxide surfaces: atomic structure and properties (2008)

The intersection of two fields, oxide surface science and scanning probe microscopy (SPM), has yielded considerable insight on atomic processes at surfaces. Oxide surfaces, especially those containing transition metals, offer a rich variety of structures and localized physical phenomena that are exploited in a wide range of applications. Nonlinear optics, superconductivity, ferroelectricity and chemical catalytic activity are but a few. Furthermore, the challenges and solutions associated with the chemistry of these surfaces and particularly the solutions to these problems have led to important understanding of tip–surface interactions that can inform SPM studies of all materials. Here, the development of understanding of the model systems TiO2 and SrTiO3 are considered in detail, to demonstrate the role of nonstoichiometry in surface structure evolution and the approach to interpreting structure at the atomic level. Then a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy, noncontact atomic force microscopy and theory are applied to a variety of oxide systems including Al2O3, NiO, ferroelectric BaTiO3, tungstates and molybdates. Recently developed sophisticated probes of local properties include spin-polarized tunneling, Fourier mapping of charge density waves, band gap mapping of superconductors and ultra fast imaging of atomic diffusion. The impact of these studies on our understanding of the behavior of oxides and of tip–surface interactions is summarized.
Inhibition of human tumor xenograft growth in nude mice by a novel monoclonal anti-HSPG isolated from human liver. (2006)

Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) were isolated from normal human liver and α monoclonal antibody (MAb) was raised against them. Preliminary studies showed that MAb clone 1E4-1C2 was able to react with many cell lines tested, including hematopoietic cells and solid tumors. MAb1E4-1C2 was used to study whether HSPG was involved in growth and proliferation of human liver cancer using hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line (HepG2) as a model. Inhibition by MAb1E4-1C2 of HepG2 cell proliferation was studied in vitro by MTT assay. For in vivo assay, xenograft induction in athymic mice was performed. The results showed that MAb1E4-1C2 inhibited proliferation of HepG2 cells significantly, compared to isotype and medium control. MAb1E4-1C2 also suppressed the growth of tumor, resulting in smaller tumor size and weight. The investigation also showed that MAb1E4-1C2 inhibited proliferation and restricted tumor growth through the induction of apoptosis. The results suggest that HSPG might be involved in liver cancer cell proliferation. Therefore, a specific MAb that was raised against liver HSPG might be an alternative therapeutic agent for the treatment of human liver cancer.
What’s New With U: Recent Advances In Uranium Metallography (2008)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2008 in Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, August 3 – August 7, 2008
Regions of Cell Division and Elongation During Stem Growth of Xanthium (1989)

Regions of cell division and cell elongation were established during stem growth of Xanthium pensylvanicum (cocklebur). From percent mitosis it was determined that the region of cell division in a Xanthium stem of Plastochron Index (PI) 13.89 was 20 mm long, starting from the stem apex and proceeding in a basipetal direction. Measurements of cortical cell lengths demonstrated that mature cell length in the stem of the same plant was reached at about 55 mm distance from the stem apex. Between 20 and 55 mm distance from the apex, shoot growth occurred by cell elongation alone. The maximum rate of change in cell length (dC/dX) was at about 15 mm distance from the stem apex. The length of the apical growth region was a function of the age of the plants. The older the plant, the longer its apical region of elongation. Growth of Xanthium stems was due primarily to elongation of internodes; the nodal regions did not seem to elongate.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thiazolidinones from 1,4‐Dithiocyanatobut‐2‐enes and Their Use as Masked 2‐Amino‐1‐mercaptobut‐3‐enes. (1988)

Abstract The dithiocyanatobutenes (I) on heating in MeOH give via (3,3)‐sigmatropic rearrangement, the thiazolidinones (II) which are readily transformed to the aminomercaptobutenes (III).
3′-Deoxy-3′-[18F]Fluorothymidine Positron Emission Tomography Depicts Heterogeneous Proliferation Pathology in Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Patient Lung (2018)

Dynamic <sup>18</sup>FLT positron emission tomography imaging can be used to report hyperproliferation in pulmonary hypertension and merits further study to evaluate response to treatment in patients with IPAH.
Increasing Referral of At-Risk Travelers to Travel Health Clinics: Evaluation of a Health Promotion Intervention Targeted to Travel Agents (2006)

Travel agents can be willing partners in referral, and agencies should be encouraged to develop specific referral policies. Future research may be directed toward investigating the role of health education in certification curricula, the effectiveness of different types of health promotion interventions, including Internet-facilitated interventions, and the direct impact that such interventions would have on travelers attending travel health clinics.
Enteric bacterial toxins: mechanisms of action and linkage to intestinal secretion (1996)

s of the 86th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1986. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C. 496. Shapiro, M., J. Matthews, G. Hecht, C. Delp, and J. L. Madara. 1991. Stabilization of F-actin prevents cAMP-elicited Cl secretion in T84 cells. J. Clin. Invest. 87:1903–1909. 497. Shinagawa, K., S. Ueno, H. Konuma, N. Matsusaka, and S. Sugii. 1991. Purification and characterization of the vascular permeability factor pro- duced by Bacillus cereus. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 53:281–286. 498. Shinoda, S., H. Matsuoka, T. Tsuchie, S.-I. Miyoshi, S. Yamamoto, H. Taniguchi, and Y. Mizuguchi. 1991. Purification and characterization of a lecithin-dependent haemolysin from Escherichia coli transformed by a Vibrio parahaemolyticus gene. J. Gen. Microbiol. 137:2705–2711. 499. Shirai, H., H. Ito, T. Hirayama, Y. Nakamoto, N. Nakabayashi, K. Kuma- gai, Y. Takeda, and M. Nishibuchi. 1990. Molecular epidemiologic evidence for association of thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus with gastroenteritis. Infect. Immun. 58:3568–3573. 500. Silva, T. M. J., C. O. Tacket, J. B. Kaper, M. Schleupner, and R. L. Guerrant. New evidence for an inflammatory component in El Tor and O139 cholera and in diarrhea caused by selected new live attenuated chol- era vaccines. Submitted for publication. 501. Singh, D. V., and S. C. Sanyal. 1992. Production of haemolysis and its correlation with enterotoxicity in Aeromonas spp. J. Med. Microbiol. 37: 262–267. 502. Sjogren, R., R. Neill, D. Rachmilewitz, D. Fritz, J. Newland, D. Sharpnack, C. Colleton, J. Fondacaro, P. Gemski, and E. Boedeker. 1994. Role of Shiga-like toxin I in bacterial enteritis: comparison between isogenic Esch- erichia coli strains induced in rabbits. Gastroenterology 106:306–317. 503. Sjogren, R. W., P. M. Sherman, and E. C. Boedeker. 1989. Altered intestinal motility precedes diarrhea during Escherichia coli enteric infection. Am. J. Physiol. 257:G725–G731. 504. Skjelkvale, R., and C. L. Duncan. 1975. Enterotoxin formation by different toxigenic types of Clostridium perfringens. Infect. Immun. 11:563–575. 505. Skjelkvale, R., and C. L. Duncan. 1975. Characterization of enterotoxin VOL. 60, 1996 ENTERIC BACTERIAL TOXINS AND INTESTINAL SECRETION 213
8-Acyloxy-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4-diones as Siderophore Components for Antibiotics (2011)

8-Acyloxy-1,3-benzoxazine-2,4-diones as masked catechol derivatives represent a novel type of siderophore components, whose growth promoting activity is low or not existing if tested alone. But after conjugation with beta-lactam antibiotics the resulting conjugates show a significantly increased antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria compared with their parent antibiotics. Investigations using a set of penetration and iron transport mutants demonstrated that the conjugates use iron transport systems to penetrate the bacterial outer membrane. Title compounds were synthesized from (2,3-dimethoxycarbonyloxy)-benzoic acid and different amino compounds. Conjugates with penicillins and cephalosporins were prepared.
Decode-and-forward cooperative diversity with power allocation in wireless networks (2005)

We study power allocation for the space-time-coded decode-and-forward cooperative diversity protocol in a wireless network under the assumption that only mean channel gains are available at the transmitters. In a Rayleigh fading channel with uniformly random node locations, a near-optimal power allocation that minimizes the outage probability is derived under a short-term power constraint, wherein the total power is fixed for each two-stage transmission. This near-optimal scheme allocates one half of the total power to the source node and splits the remaining half equally among selected relay nodes; a node is selected for relay if it is able to decode the signal from the source and its mean channel gain to the destination is above a threshold. Numerical results show that this scheme significantly outperforms the constant-power scheme, wherein all nodes use the same power at all times, and the best-select scheme, which employs one relay node with the largest mean relay-destination gain
Superconducting joint between Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor tapes (2000)

We evaluated the effects of joining processes such as contact method, shape of joined area and pressure on the electrical and mechanical properties of Bi-2223 superconducting tape. Specifically, the current carrying capacity and bonding strength of the lap-joined tape were measured as a function of uniaxial pressure and correlated to the microstructural evolution. It was observed that the current carrying capacity was reduced in the transition region of the jointed tape and was significantly dependent on the uniaxial pressure. The jointed tape, fabricated with a pressure of 1,600 MPa, showed the highest value of current capacity 90% of the tape itself. It is believed that the highest value of current capacity results from improvements in core density, contacting area and grain alignment. In addition, bonding strength of the jointed tape was evaluated and correlated to the microstructural evolution.
Identificación de ADN mitocondrial Bos taurus en poblaciones de ganado Cebú Brahman colombiano (2007)

El continente americano fue colonizado en el siglo XVI por los europeos quienes introdujeron por primera vez el ganado bovino de origen Bos taurus. La introducción de ganado Bos indicus ocurrió muchos años después, con las primeras importaciones desde la India, las cuales incluyeron principalmente machos. Con el fin de estudiar la participación de hembras Bos taurus en el origen del ganado Cebú colombiano, se secuenció un fragmento del ADN mitocondrial de 374 pb (D-Loop) en seis animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano y 20 individuos representativos de las cinco razas criollas colombianas: seis de Blanco Orejinegro (BON), cinco de Costeño con Cuernos (CCC), tres de Romosinuano (ROMO), cuatro de Casanareño (CAS) y dos de San Martinero (SM). Adicionalmente, para el mismo fragmento se secuenciaron dos individuos de la raza española Pirenaica, como referente Bos taurus. La comparación de las secuencias reveló que los animales de la raza Cebú Brahman colombiano analizados presentaron ADN mitocondrial de origen taurino con mayor cercanía respecto de las razas criollas de origen Bos taurus europeo que con relación a las secuencias consenso Bos indicus, frente a las que se hallaron mayores divergencias. Adicionalmente, las divergencias de las razas criollas colombianas con respecto al consenso Bos taurus europeo variaron entre 0,005 y 0,014, resultado que sugiere la participación de matrilineajes Bos taurus en el origen del Cebú Brahman colombiano.
Stereoselective 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of a Nitrile Ylide Photochemically Generated from 2,3-Diphenyl-2H-azirine to Substituted Methylene Lactones (2000)

The nitrile ylide photochemically generated from 2,3-diphenyl-2 H -azirine adds to both isomers of 3-(tosyloxymethylene)tetrahydrofuran-2-one with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity giving spiroheterocyclic products in moderate yields. X-Ray structure determination showed dibutolactone to have the E -configuration; the corresponding Z -isomer was prepared photochemically.
Insulin Receptor Deficiency in Genetic and Acquired Obesity (1975)

We have previously shown that in the insulin-resistant obese hyperglycemic mouse (ob/ob) there is a deficiency in the number of insulin receptor sites on hepatocytes, adipocytes, and thymic lymphocytes. We now find that concentration of insulin receptors on liver plasma membranes is decreased in the db/db mouse, another form of inherited obesity, and in normal mice that became obese after treatment with gold thioglucose, while thin mice, heterozygous for the ob mutation (ob/+), have normal insulin binding. With acute and chronic food restriction of the ob/ob and gold thioglucose obese mice, there is reduction in hyperinsulinemia and an associated increase in the insulin receptor concentration toward normal. In contrast, when fasting ob/ob mice were given exogenous insulin to maintain the hyperinsulinemia, insulin receptors failed to increase. Thus, in all cases, there was a consistent relationship between the degree of hyperinsulinemia and of insulin receptor loss. These findings suggest that decreased insulin binding is a characteristic feature of the insulin resistance of obesity, and that sustained hyperinsulinemia is a major factor in the control of the concentration of insulin receptors on target cells.
Comparison of HYDRUS-2D Simulations of Drip Irrigation with Experimental Observations (2004)

Realizing the full potential of drip irrigation technology requires optimizing the operational parameters that are available to irrigators, such as the frequency, rate, and duration of water application and the placement of drip tubing. Numerical simulation is a fast and inexpensive approach to studying optimal management practices. Unfortunately, little work has been done to investigate the accuracy of numerical simulations, leading some to question the usefulness of simulation as a research and design tool. In this study, we compare HYDRUS-2D simulations of drip irrigation with experimental data. A Hanford sandy loam soil was irrigated using thin-walled drip tubing installed at a depth of 6 cm. Three trials (20, 40, and 60 L⋅m-1 applied water) were carried out. At the end of each irrigation and approximately 24 h later, the water content distribution in the soil was determined by gravimetric sampling. The HYDRUS-2D predictions of the water content distribution are found to be in very good agreement with the data. The results support the use of HYDRUS-2D as a tool for investigating and designing drip irrigation management practices.
Catalysis-based enantioselective total synthesis of myxothiazole Z, (14S)-melithiazole G and (14S)-cystothiazole F (2012)

A common strategy for the stereoselective and protecting group-free total synthesis of the myxobacterial antibiotics myxothiazole Z, (14S)-melithiazole G and (14S)-cystothiazole F is described featuring an asymmetric organocatalytic transfer hydrogenation, a palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling and a cross-metathesis as the key steps.
999. Nitrosation, diazotisation, and deamination. Part X. The acid-catalysed diazotisation of p-nitroaniline and 2,4-dinitroaniline in aqueous perchloric acid (up to 3·0<scp>M</scp>) (1962)

B. C. Challis, L. F. Larkworthy and J. H. Ridd, J. Chem. Soc., 1962, 5203 DOI: 10.1039/JR9620005203
Experimental Transmission of Abnormal Prion Protein (PrPsc) in the Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells of Neonatal Mice (2003)

Using an immunohistochemical method, we attempted to detect the transmission of abnormal prion protein (PrPsc) to the enterocytes of the small intestine of neonatal mice by oral exposure with sheep brain affected by scrapie. Five 1-day-old neonatal mice were exposed by oral inoculation to the homogenized brain of a scrapie-affected sheep. In the small intestine of all mice 1 hour after inoculation, immunoreactivity with antinormal prion protein (PrPc) antibody was seen in the cytoplasm of villus enterocytes. This finding suggests transmission of abnormal PrPsc into the cytoplasm of enterocytes. In control mice treated with normal sheep brain, no PrPc signal was seen in enterocytes of the small intestine. Immunopositivity for neurofilament protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein was seen in the cytoplasm of enterocytes of mice inoculated with scrapie and normal sheep brain. This suggests that the enterocytes of neonatal mice can absorb PrPsc and other macromolecular proteins of the sheep brain affected by scrapie and may be more important than previously thought as a pathway for PrPsc transmission in neonatal animals.