gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unbiased Online Recurrent Optimization (2017)

The novel Unbiased Online Recurrent Optimization (UORO) algorithm allows for online learning of general recurrent computational graphs such as recurrent network models. It works in a streaming fashion and avoids backtracking through past activations and inputs. UORO is computationally as costly as Truncated Backpropagation Through Time (truncated BPTT), a widespread algorithm for online learning of recurrent networks. UORO is a modification of NoBackTrack that bypasses the need for model sparsity and makes implementation easy in current deep learning frameworks, even for complex models. Like NoBackTrack, UORO provides unbiased gradient estimates; unbiasedness is the core hypothesis in stochastic gradient descent theory, without which convergence to a local optimum is not guaranteed. On the contrary, truncated BPTT does not provide this property, leading to possible divergence. On synthetic tasks where truncated BPTT is shown to diverge, UORO converges. For instance, when a parameter has a positive short-term but negative long-term influence, truncated BPTT diverges unless the truncation span is very significantly longer than the intrinsic temporal range of the interactions, while UORO performs well thanks to the unbiasedness of its gradients.
Synthesis and Antidepressant Evaluation of Five Novel Heterocyclic Tryptophan‐Hybrid Derivatives (2010)

This study aimed at evaluating the reactivity of L-Tryptophan (TRP) 1 towards various chemical reagents to produce new bi- and tri-heterocyclic systems providing basic pharmacological activities. Indol-3-yl hydroxyoxazol-2-yl acetonitrile derivatives 5 and 6, indol-3-yl-hydroxyoxazol-2-yl-1,2,4-triazine derivatives 8 and 9, indol-3-yl-hydroxyoxazol-2-yl-aminopyrazole derivatives 11a, b, and indol-3-yl-hydroxyoxazol-2-yl-aminoisoxazole derivative 12 were synthesized via straightforward and efficient methods. The structures were characterized by spectral data (IR, (1)H-NMR, (13)C-NMR, and MS) and the purity was ascertained by microanalysis. Also, this work was extended to study the potential role of the novel synthesized TRP derivatives 5, 6, 9, 11a, and 12 as antidepressant and sedative agents in comparison with TRP. All compounds showed significant antidepressant activity in the forced-swimming test at two doses (50 or 100 mg/kg). Also, all tested compounds (at 50 or 100 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in locomotor activity of mice during a 30 min observation period. The most potent antidepressant and sedative effect was produced by the tri-heterocyclic compounds 9 and 12, followed by 11a and TRP.
Manufacturing a Run: How Major League Baseball Can Use the Morals Clause to Clean Up Baseball, 48 J. Marshall L. Rev. 539 (2015) (2015)

This Comment will explore the applicability of the morals clause to the PED scandals that have afflicted baseball in the twenty-first century and how it might be employed to clean up the sport. This Comment first discusses the development of the morals clause in sports and entertainment contracts. Then the Comment proposes a revision to the morals clause in MLB players’ contracts to effectively deal with the PED issue.
A Phototube Using a Semiconductor Diode as the Multiplier Element (1966)

A phototube has been developed with a semiconductor diode as the multiplier element. The tube has an electron gain of 1200 at 5 keV and has a linear output current in the 6-A range with a dynamic range between 107 and 108. A description is given of the fabrication of the shallow-diffused p-n junction diodes and their use in sealed envelopes with a cesium-antimonide photocathode. Also included is a discussion of the electrostatic lens for focusing the photoelectron beam to the window of the diode, and of the overall operation of the tube.
Preliminary Investigation of Efforts to Improve Awareness of Racial Microaggressions on Campus (2020)

Exposure to racial microaggressions negatively impacts the well-being of people of color. Researchers examined responses to a bystander workshop implemented to combat racial microaggressions at a Predominantly White Institution. Participants attended training sessions and completed several surveys prior to and after the workshop for 7 weeks. Results indicate that participants obtained and maintained knowledge presented during the bystander workshop. Significant differences for gender and racial status were identified surrounding the degree to which participants reported observing microaggressions on campus throughout the 7 weeks of the study. Data also indicate that colorblind racial attitudes predicted participant satisfaction with the program, as well as an underrepresented racial identity. Implications and future directions for research are discussed.
Packaged Electronically Tunable S-Band Traveling-Wave Maser System (1962)

An S-band traveling-wave maser that operates over an 11 per cent tuning range is tuned by a single "frequency-calibrated" dial from 2120 to 2380 Mc. The maser has a relatively constant gain of 30 db and an instantaneous bandwidth of 22 Mc. It uses a comb-type slow-wave structure loaded on both sides with a 6 in length of 0.065 per cent chromium-doped ruby. Ferrimagnetic disks of yttrium iron garnet are periodically distributed in the slow-wave structure and provide sufficient reverse loss for short-circuit stability (100 db). A relatively high gain per unit length of active ruby was realized because of: 1) optimization of the C axis orientation with respect to the dc and RF magnetic fields, 2) utilization of a four spin flip cross-relaxation process and 3) loading both sides of the comb structure with active ruby. The traveling-wave maser and all the necessary auxiliary components have been packaged into an operational unit. The noise temperature of the system is about 10°K, and the short-term and long-term stabilities are ±0.05 db and ± 0.1 db, respectively. A series of detailed measurements on the important electrical characteristics are described, and the performance data is presented. The system has been designed and successfully tested to meet military field environmental specifications.
Teacher to Teacher: What Activity Has Been Most Effective in Assisting High School Students to Read Successfully? (2004)

Maureen Early, Rosemary Fryer, Jodi Leckbee, Brenda H. Walton, Teacher to Teacher: What Activity Has Been Most Effective in Assisting High School Students to Read Successfully?, The English Journal, Vol. 93, No. 5, Secondary Readers Reading Successfully (May, 2004), pp. 20-23
Banking issues for low income households (2005)

In 1911 the Federal government set up a bank for the people of Australia, a bank to safeguard the interests of all Australians with the security of Federal Government guarantee and one which would set the industry standard. This bank was aptly called the Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
Genome-based approaches for the diagnosis of breast cancer: a review with perspective (2014)

SUMMARY Despite progress with microarray-based gene expression profiling of multiple genes concurrently, solid biomarkers or molecular classification have not been established as a result of Phase III randomized trials. Conventional clinicopathological characteristics and single-gene defect-based molecular tools based on the old dogma of reductionist approaches and linear experimentation that have created our knowledge in biology over the past century, and still today represent the basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of all diseases in clinical medicine, are saving the lives of tens of thousands of patients with breast cancer. Almost 5000 manuscripts have been published on next-generation technologies in MEDLINE in the last 3 years, with 100 of them regarding breast cancer. This review considers evidence published after 2010 and up until October 2013 of the latest studies published using high-throughput next-generation techniques in significant numbers of samples from patients with breast cancer and data from trials enrolled on ClinicalTrials.gov website. A perspective estimation of the potential and challenges of modern approaches are also explained in detail.
DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF ACOUSTIC REFLECTOMETRY IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE OTITIS MEDIA (1989)

Gendrel, Dominique M.D.; Richard-Lenoble, Dominique M.D.; Kombila, Maryvonne M.D.; Gendrel, Christine M.D.; Baziomo, Jean-Marc M.D. Author Information
Mars: Its Atmosphere and Surface (1973)

Spectral experiments on Mars Orbiter show that solar energy is absorbed by the planet and its atmosphere and eventually re-emitted in the infrared as thermal emission. The majority of the radiances at the north polar Mars area follows very closely the radiance from a black body of about 145 degrees kelvin, which indicates a frozen CO2 surface; the south polar region radiance indicates a temperature inversion in the atmosphere, and the emission of atmospheric dust as well as emissions from frozen CO2.
Molecular Basis of Heme Oxygenase-1 Induction: Implications for Chemoprevention and Chemoprotection (2005)

Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, involved in the heme degradation process, is an important antioxidant enzyme. The induction of HO-1 gene expression, in response to diverse oxidative stimuli, represents a critical event in adaptive cellular response. Experimental models of various diseases, including acute inflammation, atherosclerosis, degenerative diseases, and carcinogenesis, have demonstrated that the induction of HO-1 can prevent or mitigate the symptoms associated with these ailments. Recent progress in our understanding of cellular signaling networks as critical modulators of gene transcription sheds light on the molecular basis of HO-1 gene expression. A panel of redox-sensitive transcription factors such as activator protein-1, nuclear factor- kappaB, and nuclear factor E2-related factor-2, and some of the upstream kinases have been identified as regulators of HO-1 gene induction. The scope of this review is limited to focus on molecular mechanisms underlying HO-1 expression and the significance of targeted induction of HO-1 as a strategy to achieve chemoprevention and chemoprotection.
Clinical accuracy of midnight salivary cortisol measured by automated electrochemiluminescence immunoassay method in Cushing's syndrome (2010)

SC assay showed a good clinical accuracy and the ECLIA method can be used in clinical routine to obtain fast results easily.
INVESTIGATIONS INTO SELECTED PROPERTIES OF OPEN-CAST SPOIL RELATED TO TREE GROWTH (1990)

Summary This paper describes attempts to assess a. the rate at which compaction of spoil from an open cast mine increases following ploughing over a period of two decades.b. the rate at which pH levels in the spoil decline. The results are discussed in the light of the future management of the site.
AT-101 enhances gefitinib sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR T790M mutations (2016)

AT-101 enhances gefitinib sensitivity in NSCLC with EGFR T790M mutations. The addition of AT-101 to gefitinib is a promising strategy to overcome EGFR TKIs resistance in NSCLC with EGFR T790M mutations.
Primary structure of a human IgA1 immunoglobulin. I. Isolation, composition, and amino acid sequence of the chymotryptic peptides. (1979)

As part of the strategy for determination of the complete covalent structure of a human IgA immunoglobulin, 66 peptides were isolated from a thermolysin digest of reduced and carboxymethylated IgA alpha1 chain Bur and were purified. They range in length from 2 to 24 residues. Some of the peptides have been characterized and sequenced in order to supply needed information that was not obtained from the chymotryptic and tryptic peptides. These thermolysin peptides provide much necessary data to produce a rigorous proof for the primary structure of the human alpha1 chain. The remaining peptides from the thermolysin digest whose amino acid composition and NH2-terminal residues were sufficient to identify them unequivocally have also been assigned in the structure. They supply additional information that helps remove ambiguity in the structure, and they provide useful data about the profile of the peptide bonds that are susceptible to thermolysin digestion.
The meaning of quantum theory: a guide for students of chemistry and physics (1993)

How quantum theory was discovered putting it into practice what does it mean? putting it to the test what are the alternatives?
Probing functional roles of Wilson disease protein (ATP7B) copper-binding domains in yeast (2017)

After Ctr1-mediated uptake into human cells, copper (Cu) ions are transported by the cytoplasmic Cu chaperone Atox1 to the Wilson disease protein (ATP7B) in the Golgi network. Cu transfer occurs via direct protein-protein interactions and leads to incorporation of Cu into Cu-dependent enzymes. ATP7B is a large multi-domain membrane-spanning protein which, in contrast to homologs, has six cytoplasmic metal-binding domains (MBDs). The reason for multiple MBDs is proposed to be indirect modulation of activity but mechanistic studies of full-length ATP7B are limited. We here developed a system that probes Cu flow through human Atox1 and ATP7B proteins when expressed in yeast. Using this assay, we assessed the roles of the different MBDs in ATP7B and found that the presence of the most N-terminal MBD increased, whereas the third MBD decreased, overall ATP7B-mediated Cu transport activity. Upon removal of all MBDs in ATP7B, the ability to transport Cu disappeared. The designed system can be expanded to include other yeast viability parameters and will be a useful tool for further mechanistic insights on human Cu transport as well as diseases involving Cu imbalance.
Investigation of tissue/implant interactions during the first two hours of implantation. (1988)

The objective of this study was to determine whether detectable differences exist in the initial process of tissue incorporation of implant materials of different original surface energies. Our earlier work focused on materials implanted for days to months; the experiments reported here addressed the initial 2 hours of implantation. Surface-treated metal implants were placed in the fascial plane in the back of New Zealand white rabbits for 5 minutes to 2 hours. Prior to implantation, the metal plates were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and contact potential methods; the same analytical techniques, as well as scanning electron microscopy and contact angle measurements were applied to the explanted samples. No significant cellular adhesion was observed within the first 2 hours of implantation. Films rich in lipids and proteins were detected on the implants, however, within 5 minutes. There is good evidence for specific film differentiation as a function of differing initial substratum surface energies.
Negative electron affinity (Si-Na2KSb-Cs)-O-Cs photocathode (1991)

The work function of a silicon substrate will decrease rapidly and a negative electron affinity Si photocathode may be produced when a clean Si(100) substrate is activated by applying cesium and then oxygen, only once. But the work function of thus produced Si(100) photocathode would be increased and its integral photoemission sensitivity would be decreased if the cathode is subsequently treated with Cs and/or O2. In this letter, a new activation technology is adopted, and a reflection mode negative electron affinity (Si-Na2KSb-Cs)-O-Cs photocathode with maximum photoemission sensitivity S=2000 μA/lm is fabricated. The surface layer model and the energy-band structure of the photocathode are also discussed.
Mobile network traffic forecasting (2002)

This paper deals with network traffic prediction for the purposes of managing the mobile network through the process of maturation. As traffic levels increase the requirements on network resources become stretched to the point that grade of service (GoS) requirements are not met. The solution to this is the deployment of additional network hardware be it transceivers, underlay cells, or new macro or micro cellular installations. The tool presented in this paper can accurately predict areas of low GoS, or future 'hot-spots', in a multidimensional manner (for instance to allow for different management or billing strategies) and indicate the appropriate hardware deployment plans required.
Cellulase methods for the efficient digestion of grasses and brassicas (1978)

Abstract A cellulase solubility method for the prediction of grass digestibility was modified by changing pepsin pretreatment conditions so that cellulase values were as high as those obtained using rumen liquor. Raising temperature from 40 to 50°C and acid concentration from 0.1 to 0.125 N during 'pepsin' treatments given before the cellulase stage, increased digestion by 3 to 10% depending on the type of grass, up to the level reached by rumen liquor. For samples of brassicas (digestibilities ranging from 66 to 84%) milder pretreatment conditions were sufficient to give cellulase digestion values as high as rumen liquor estimates.
A method of high-speed search for DME and TACAN (1965)

Heretofore DME and TACAN equipments have depended on slow-moving analog-type search gates to look for a reply to an interrogation. The slow-moving gate was necessary to distinguish the desired reply from among many other squitter pulses or replies meant for other aircraft. This resulted in a variety of long search times varying from 15 to 30 seconds, depending on maximum range, interrogation rate and other factors. This paper describes a new digital ranging technique in which the search gate moves outward from zero miles in discrete large steps, looking for the reply only in those places where it is possible for it to be, rather than wasting time in a continuous search which includes many places where the reply can't be. This results in search times of a fraction of a second and in effect gives the pilot the ability to obtain his range instantaneously.
Fabrication of a Microneedle/CNT Hierarchical Micro/Nano Surface Electrochemical Sensor and Its In-Vitro Glucose Sensing Characterization (2013)

We report fabrication of a microneedle-based three-electrode integrated electrochemical sensor and in-vitro characterization of this sensor for glucose sensing applications. A piece of silicon was sequentially dry and wet etched to form a 15 × 15 array of tall (approximately 380 µm) sharp silicon microneedles. Iron catalyst was deposited through a SU-8 shadow mask to form the working electrode and counter electrode. A multi-walled carbon nanotube forest was grown directly on the silicon microneedle array and platinum nano-particles were electrodeposited. Silver was deposited on the Si microneedle array through another shadow mask and chlorinated to form a Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The 3-electrode electrochemical sensor was tested for various glucose concentrations in the range of 3~20 mM in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The sensor’s amperometric response to the glucose concentration is linear and its sensitivity was found to be 17.73 ± 3 μA/mM-cm2. This microneedle-based sensor has a potential to be used for painless diabetes testing applications.
Blockchain and smart contracts: the missing link in copyright licensing? (2018)

This article offers a normative analysis of key blockchain technology concepts from the perspective of copyright law. Some features of blockchain technologies—scarcity, trust, transparency, decentralized public records and smart contracts—seem to make this technology compatible with the fundamentals of copyright. Authors can publish works on blockchain creating a quasi-immutable record of initial ownership, and encode ‘smart’ contracts to license the use of works. Remuneration may happen on online distribution platforms where the smart contracts reside. In theory, such an automated setup allows for the private ordering of copyright. Blockchain technology, like Digital Rights Management 20 years ago, is thus presented as an opportunity to reduce market friction, and increase both licensing efficiency and the autonomy of creators. Yet, some of the old problems remain. The article examines the differences between new, smart-contract-based private ordering regime and the fundamental components of copyright law, such as exceptions and limitations, the doctrine of exhaustion, restrictions on formalities, the public domain and fair remuneration.
High efficiency end-fire 3-D optical phased array based on multi-layers SiN/SiO platform (2021)

OPA device has been widely studied for solid-state Lidar. We have investigated a multi-layers SiN/SiO structure to end-fire the beam with high efficiency. The advantage of the structure, simulation result and fabrication feasibility are discussed. In addition, the latest fabrication progress is also presented.
Diagnosis of central pulmonary embolism with helical CT: role of two-dimensional multiplanar reformations. (1995)

Our results show that 2D reformations enable confident exclusion of pulmonary embolism on inconclusive helical CT examinations and improve analysis of the extent of thromboembolic disease.
Ceramic–Polymer Composites with High Dielectric Constant (2007)

Semiconductorlike CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramic powders are filled into a poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) copolymer matrix to form a flexible composite. The dielectric constant of the composites at 100 Hz reaches more than 600 at room temperature and 1200 at 70 °C, as shown in the figure. The contribution of the heterogeneous relaxation is partially responsible for the high dielectric constant observed here.
The thermal transformation of Gelatinous Aluminium Hydroxide (1972)

Abstract The thermal transformation of the gelatinous aluminium hydroxides (amorphous and pseudoboehmite) prepared from aqueous aluminium chloride solution on addition of sodium hydroxide at various pH, have been studied by X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectra and thermal analyses. As a result, it is concluded that the gelatinous aluminium hydroxides transform thermally as follows: amorphous aluminium hydroxide → amorphous alumina →γ‐alumina → θ‐alumina → α‐alumina, pseudoboehmite → γ‐alumina → θ‐alumina → α‐alumina. Further the thermal transformation of bayerite, prepared from the aqueous solution at higher pH, and of boehmite, prepared hydrothermally from gelatinous aluminium hydroxide, have been investigated in comparison with those of gelatinous aluminium hydroxide.
Effect of Storage Conditions on the Setting Properties of Brushite Bone Cement Containing Granular β-Tricalcium Phosphate (2008)

In the bone cement composed of dense granules of β-Ca₃(PO₄)₂ (β-TCP) and Ca(H2PO₄)₂H₂O, the compressive strength, setting time and temperature rise were measured to observe the degradation of cement with respect to the stored days before setting. Decreases of compressive strength and temperature rise were observed, while setting time increased with respect to the stored days. The similar trends were repeated with the increase of temperature of storage. Such a change virtually meant the fading of the character of cement and it took place only when the two starting materials were mixed during storage. The degradation could be mitigated taking advantage of granular β-TCP instead of powdery one. The formation of CaHPO₄, which resulted from reaction with ambient humidity, was attributed to the degradation observed during storage. Dependence of the degradation behavior on mixing and temperature during storage was discussed in terms of the driving force for reaction of cement.