gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilevel coded FSK/PSK modulation (2002)

In this paper, based on the multilevel coding and multistage decoding techniques, new multilevel systems are introduced for 2FSK/4PSK modulation. This type of modulation is very suitable for multilevel coding due to the large Euclidean distance at the first step of the mapping by the set partitioning method. The proposed systems are compared to the Padovani and Wolf's 2FSK/4PSK trellis codes (1986) in terms of asymptotic coding gains, decoding complexities, decoding delays and it is shown that our systems have error performance and decoding complexity advantages. We also give a generalized error weight profile expression for the multilevel coded schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Enhanced Erasure Code‐Based Security Mechanism for Cloud Storage (2014)

Cloud computing offers a wide range of luxuries, such as high performance, rapid elasticity, on‐demand self‐service, and low cost. However, data security continues to be a significant impediment in the promotion and popularization of cloud computing. To address the problem of data leakage caused by unreliable service providers and external cyber attacks, an enhanced erasure code‐based security mechanism is proposed and elaborated in terms of four aspects: data encoding, data transmission, data placement, and data reconstruction, which ensure data security throughout the whole traversing into cloud storage. Based on the mechanism, we implement a secure cloud storage system (SCSS). The key design issues, including data division, construction of generator matrix, data encoding, fragment naming, and data decoding, are also described in detail. Finally, we conduct an analysis of data availability and security and performance evaluation. Experimental results and analysis demonstrate that SCSS achieves high availability, strong security, and excellent performance.
A <i>C. elegans</i> mediator protein confers regulatory selectivity on lineage-specific expression of a transcription factor gene (2000)

The Caenorhabditis elegans caudal homolog, pal-1, is required for neurogenesis in the male tail. We show that expression of pal-1 in the postembryonic neuroblast cell V6 can be initiated by two alternate pathways. One pathway, acting in wild type, requires a regulatory element in the fifth pal-1 intron. The other pathway, independent of this element, is normally repressed by the newly identified gene sop-1, which encodes a homolog of the mammalian Mediator complex protein TRAP230. In sop-1 mutants, pal-1 is activated by a pathway that is stimulated by bar-1/beta-catenin, a component of the Wnt signal transduction pathway. The results support a physiological role of the Mediator complex in conveying regulatory signals to the transcriptional apparatus.
Compound and Dose-Dependent Effects of Two Neonicotinoid Pesticides on Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Metabolic Physiology (2019)

Use of neonicotinoid pesticides is now ubiquitous, and consequently non-targeted arthropods are exposed to their residues at sub-lethal doses. Exposure to these neurotoxins may be a major contributor to poor honey bee colony health. Few studies have explored how sub lethal exposure to neonicotinoids affects honey bee metabolic physiology, including nutritional and energetic homeostasis, both of which are important for maintaining colony health. Reported here are results from a study of chronic oral exposure of honey bees to two sub lethal concentrations of clothianidin and imidacloprid. Neonicotinoids altered important aspects of honey bee nutritional and metabolic physiology in a compound and dose-dependent manner; both compounds at low doses reduced honey bee body weight. Low-dose clothianidin exposure resulted in bees having protein, lipids, carbohydrates, and glycogen levels similar to newly emerged bees. High-dose clothianidin exposure lowered lipids and glycogen content of bees. High-dose imidacloprid exposure resulted in bees having depressed metabolic rate. Low-dose imidacloprid exposure resulted in bees consuming low and high levels of protein and carbohydrate rich foods, respectively. Results suggest neonicotinoids interfere with honey bee endocrine neurophysiological pathways. Compound and dose-dependent effects might represent respective chemical structural differences determining an observed effect, and thresholds of compound effects on honey bee physiology.
SPRAY TURBINES TO INCREASE RAIN BY ENHANCED EVAPORATION FROM THE SEA (2013)

It seems that one of the effects of global warming is to increase rainfall in some parts of the world while reducing it in others. With the growth in demand for water the effects of any reduction on political stability and human happiness are profound. Several regions in the Mediterranean are vulnerable. The amounts of energy involved in weather systems are so very large that it is difficult for engineers to influence them. However the evaporation of water from the sea surface is slow and inefficient because of the need for large amounts of latent heat and because the perpendicular component of turbulence in the air vanishes at the surface leaving a stagnant humid layer (Csanady 2001). The wind has to blow over thousands of kilometres of warm sea before it can bring rain. Saudi Arabia is dry because the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf
SE-CodeSearch: A scalable Semantic Web-based source code search infrastructure (2010)

Available code search engines provide typically coarse-grained lexical search. To address this limitation we present SE-CodeSearch, a Semantic Web-based approach for Internet-scale source code search. It uses an ontological representation of source code facts and analysis knowledge to complete missing information using inference engine. This approach allows us to reason and search across project boundaries containing often incomplete code fragments extracted in a one-pass and no-order manner. The infrastructure provides a scalable approach to process and query across large code bases mined from software repositories and code fragments found online. We have implemented our SE-CodeSearch as part of SE-Advisor framework to demonstrate the scalability and applicability of our Internet-scale code search in a software maintenance context.
Measured performance of DECT transmission in low dispersive indoor radio channel (1992)

The effect of indoor radio channels with small delay spreads on the performance of a DECT-like radio link were measured and compared to previous analytical and simulation results. It was found that delay spreads less than 4.5% of the bit length without antenna diversity, and less than 20% of the bit length with instantaneous (slot-by-slot) error-rate driven antenna diversity are tolerable to obtain an average bit error rate below 10−3.
Data-driven codebook adaptation in phonetically tied SCHMMs (2002)

This paper reports the results of our experiments aimed at the automatic optimization of the number of parameters in the semi-continuous phonetically tied HMM based speech recognition system that is part of the speech-to-speech translation system JANUS-2. We propose different algorithms devised to determine the optimal number of model parameters. In recognition experiments performed on a spontaneous human-to-human dialog database, we show that automatic optimization of the acoustic modeling parameter size with the proposed algorithm improves the recognition performance without increasing the required amount of computing power and memory.
Selecting Potential Targetable Biomarkers for Imaging Purposes in Colorectal Cancer Using TArget Selection Criteria (TASC): A Novel Target Identification Tool (2011)

Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of colorectal origin is associated with a poor prognosis. However, cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy is available for a selected group of PC patients, which significantly increases overall survival rates up to 30%. As a consequence, there is substantial room for improvement. Tumor targeting is expected to improve the treatment efficacy of colorectal cancer (CRC) further through 1) more sensitive preoperative tumor detection, thus reducing overtreatment; 2) better intraoperative detection and surgical elimination of residual disease using tumor-specific intraoperative imaging; and 3) tumor-specific targeted therapeutics. This review focuses, in particular, on the development of tumor-targeted imaging agents. A large number of biomarkers are known to be upregulated in CRC. However, to date, no validated criteria have been described for the selection of the most promising biomarkers for tumor targeting. Such a scoring system might improve the selection of the correct biomarker for imaging purposes. In this review, we present the TArget Selection Criteria (TASC) scoring system for selection of potential biomarkers for tumor-targeted imaging. By applying TASC to biomarkers for CRC, we identified seven biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen, CXC chemokine receptor 4, epidermal growth factor receptor, epithelial cell adhesion molecule, matrix metalloproteinases, mucin 1, and vascular endothelial growth factor A) that seem most suitable for tumor-targeted imaging applications in colorectal cancer. Further cross-validation studies in CRC and other tumor types are necessary to establish its definitive value.
Nanopolymeric Micelle Effect on the Transdermal Permeability, the Bioavailability and Gene Expression of Plasmid (2011)

This study attempts to investigate the transdermal permeability, the bioavailability and gene expression of plasmid formulated with nonionic poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) polymeric micelles (PM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to analyze the PM formulated pCMV-Lac Z (P/PM) containing the gene for β-galactosidase (β-Gal) driven by cytomegalovirus early promoter. Franz diffusion cell was used for in vitro transdermal permeability analysis. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the permeated plasmid in vitro and in vivo. β-Gal activity assay was performed to evaluate transgene expression in vivo. The size of P/PM was ~50 nm with round shape. PM significantly enhanced the in vitro transdermal permeability of plasmid in a direction- and temperature-dependent manner. Following transdermal application of P/PM, higher area under the curve (AUC(P/PM): 98.34 h·ng/mL) and longer half-life of plasmid were detected compared with that of plasmid alone (AUC(P): 10.12 h·ng/mL). Additionally, the β-Gal activity was significantly increased in skin, stomach, brain and spinal cord at both 48 and 72 h after P/PM application and in testis and spleen at 72 h postapplication. In conclusion, PM formulation enhanced the permeation of plasmid through skin into blood circulation, increasing its absorption and the transgene expression in various tissues.
Head injury as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease (1995)

Several case-control studies have reported head injury to be more common among patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) than healthy elderly controls. The present study sought to determine whether milder head injury is also a risk factor for AD. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that head injury would be more common among AD patients without a genetic risk for the disease. History of head injury in 68 consecutive cases of probable or definite AD and 34 non-demented control subjects was ascertained from their spouses. Head injury was reported in 20 of the AD patients (29%), and in only one control subject (2.9%) (odds ratio = 13.75). Twenty per cent of the familial and 43.5% of the sporadic AD cases reportedly had a premorbid head injury (odds ratio = 3.08). Head injury had no effect on age of dementia onset. The results indicate that head trauma may be a predisposing factor to AD, particularly in the absence of a clear genetic contribution.
Efficient calculation of accurate masses of isotopic peaks (2006)

This paper presents a new method for calculating accurate masses of isotopic peaks. It is based on breaking the calculation into a binary series of calculations. The molecule is built up by a series of such calculations. At each step the accurate masses are calculated as a probability weighted sum of the masses of the contributing peaks. The method is computationally efficient and accurate for both mass and relative abundance.
Synthesis Gas Generation: Industrial (2002)

Abstract Synthesis gas or in short syngas is the term used for mixtures of hydrogen and carbon monoxide . Synthesis gas is an important building block for a number of petrochemicals as well as an important feedstock for liquid fuels. The catalytic production of synthesis gas involves a number of chemical equilibrium reactions that can take place simultaneously, including undesired carbon‐forming reactions which may occur under unfavorable reaction kinetics, process conditions, or reactor design. The composition of the synthesis gas produced is determined by the thermodynamics of these quilibrium reactions. The catalytic industrial processes for synthesis gas generation include hydrocarbon steam reforming (HSR), auto thermal reforming (ATR) and various combinations of HSR and ATR, indicated as combined reforming. The noncatalytic routes for synthesis gas generation include partial oxidation (Pox) and gasification. The drive for more fuel efficient process routes for synthesis gas production has resulted in a number of concepts for heat exchange reforming (HER) which aim to utilize the available waste heat to the maximum extent. The main engineering issues for synthesis gas generation are related to the reactor design. For HSR, the reactor tubes are placed in a furnace, which supplies the required heat flux for the endothermic steam‐reforming reactions. For ATR, the heat of reaction is produced in the reactor feed gas through the reaction with oxygen. For ATR, burner design is the key engineering issue. For these high temperature reactors, selection of materials of the reactor with the correct creep rupture strength and oxidation/ carburization resistance is of paramount importance from both economical and safety point of view. New developments in synthesis gas generation include the use of new catalytic materials, such as in the process of catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) and the use of selective membranes, which may be used to remove one of the products, for example hydrogen which may allow to shift the equilibrium reaction and performing the same conversion at a lower temperature. For all syngas production processes there is a strong integration of the catalytic materials and its associated kinetics, reactor design, and heat management at high temperatures.
Rhizobial and Actinorhizal Symbioses: What Are the Shared Features? (1996)

Katharina Pawlowski, Ton Bisseling, Rhizobial and Actinorhizal Symbioses: What Are the Shared Features?, The Plant Cell, Vol. 8, No. 10, Special Review Issue on Plant-Microbe Interactions (Oct., 1996), pp. 1899-1913
Inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Current Knowledge and Clinical Significance (2014)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is one of the most common non-Hodgkin lymphomas in adults. The disease is very heterogeneous in its presentation, that is DLBCL patients may differ from each other not only in regard to histology of tissue infiltration, clinical course or response to treatment, but also in respect to diversity in gene expression profiling. A growing body of knowledge on the biology of DLBCL, including abnormalities in intracellular signaling, has allowed the development of new treatment strategies, specifically directed against lymphoma cells. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway plays an important role in controlling proliferation and survival of tumor cells in various types of malignancies, including DLBCL, and therefore it may be a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Currently, novel anticancer drugs are undergoing assessment in different phases of clinical trials in aggressive lymphomas, with promising outcomes. In this review we present a state of art review on various classes of small molecule inhibitors selectively involving PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and their clinical potential in this disease.
Antagonism and Synergism Between Herbicides: Trends from Previous Studies (1995)

A synthetic data set was created by incorporating results from previously published papers on antagonistic and synergistic herbicide interactions between two herbicides applied as a tank mixture or sequentially, and then analyzed on the basis of various properties of the herbicides and target plants. Generally, interactions between herbicides were antagonistic more frequently than synergistic. This trend held no matter whether the interacting herbicides were absorbed by the same or different parts of the plant, had the same or different translocating abilities, had the same or different modes of action, and regardless of whether the target plants were annual or perennial plants, or crops or weeds. Antagonistic interactions occurred much more frequently when the target plants were monocot than dicot, and in the Compositae, Gramineae, or Leguminosae than in the Chenopodiaceae or Convolvulaceae families.
Crystallization of Calcium Carbonate on Chitosan Substrates in the Presence of Regenerated Silk Fibroin (2011)

The crystallization of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was investigated using a mineralization system composed of a chitosan membrane and regenerated silk fibroin (RSF). Such a system may resemble the mineralization in molluscs, where chitosan is a derivative of chitin and RSF an analogue of nacreous protein. It was found that the vaterite disks generally formed on the chitosan membrane while the aragonite disks also appeared with changes of pH value or temperature of the solution. The crystallization of CaCO3 in the vicinity of the chitosan membrane was much more affected by the environment of crystallization, compared to that in bulk solution. Detailed observation from high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy (HRSEM and TEM) showed that these disks consisted of nanoparticles about 20 nm in size, thus suggesting that the accumulation of hybrid CaCO3/RSF nanoparticles induced the formation of crystalline disks on the chitosan membrane.
Consequences of Performing DL MU-MIMO Transmissions With TXOP Sharing for QoS Provisioning in IEEE 802.11ac Networks (2017)

Downlink multi-user multiple input multiple output (DL MU-MIMO) transmissions with transmission opportunity (TXOP) sharing introduced in the very high throughput (VHT) 802.11ac amendment are a new method for providing quality of service (QoS) different than the legacy-enhanced distributed channel access function. This letter introduces a new mathematical model of VHT DL MU-MIMO transmissions with TXOP sharing, which can not only be used to estimate the medium access control layer throughput but also to draw novel conclusions on the impact of 802.11ac device settings on greater flexibility in QoS provisioning in 802.11ac networks.
Study on Multi-objective Cutting Parameters Optimization of Titanium Alloy (2010)

以便探索切的规则，优化切的参数并且改进钛合金的切的效率，测试参数的多重集合被使用一致设计方法设计。与这些参数切力量和表面粗糙的测试切研究在条件下面被进行 12 干燥的切和分别地用机器制造的 -50 寒冷强风。通过关于测试的结果的回归分析，为钛合金适用的多重线性回归模型 which'was 在它的表面粗糙和切的力量上的干净的切被建立了。在这个基础上，一个多客观的优化模型瞄准了表面粗糙，切力量，切的效率被建立了。并且借助于多客观的数据加权的方法，成功地召开了多客观的优化模型进单个目的的。确认测试在这些切的参数下面被做，并且结果在对计算的那些的好同意。
Enterprise SOA implementation readiness: A case study in Malaysia (2011)

These data support the use of AI-ECG for cardiotoxicity screening after anthracycline-based chemotherapy. This technology could serve as a gatekeeper to more costly cardiac imaging and could enable patients to monitor themselves over long periods of time.
<i>Helicobacter pylori </i>and the risk and management of associated diseases: gastritis, ulcer disease, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer (1997)

This review addresses the role of H. pylori and the effect of H. pylori eradication on gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Specific emphasis is given to various factors that influence the clinical course of this infection. H. pylori induces chronic gastritis in virtually all infected subjects. This inflammation can lead to peptic ulceration and atrophic gastritis in a considerable number of infected subjects. A minority eventually develops gastric cancer. The risk of such complications depends upon the severity of gastritis, which is determined by various host- and bacteria-related factors. Among bacterial factors, most of the evidence addresses the cagA pathogenicity island, the presence of which has been associated with more severe gastritis, peptic ulceration, atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer. Among host factors, most of the evidence focuses on acid production in response to H. pylori infection. An increase in acid secretion limits H. pylori gastritis to the antrum at the risk of duodenal ulcer disease; a reduction allows more proximal inflammation at the risk of atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Gastritis and atrophy negatively influence acid secretion. H. pylori eradication is required in peptic ulcer disease and may be advocated in patients on profound acid suppressive therapy; it has been shown to cure gastritis and prevent ulcer recurrence. Further study is required to determine the efficacy of H. pylori eradication in the primary and secondary prevention of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.
Animal versus human oral drug bioavailability: Do they correlate? (2013)

Oral bioavailability is a key consideration in development of drug products, and the use of preclinical species in predicting bioavailability in human has long been debated. In order to clarify whether any correlation between human and animal bioavailability exist, an extensive analysis of the published literature data was conducted. Due to the complex nature of bioavailability calculations inclusion criteria were applied to ensure integrity of the data. A database of 184 compounds was assembled. Linear regression for the reported compounds indicated no strong or predictive correlations to human data for all species, individually and combined. The lack of correlation in this extended dataset highlights that animal bioavailability is not quantitatively predictive of bioavailability in human. Although qualitative (high/low bioavailability) indications might be possible, models taking into account species-specific factors that may affect bioavailability are recommended for developing quantitative prediction.
Absence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in children born after exposure of their mothers to HBV during in vitro fertilization (1994)

During in vitro fertilization, 22 human embryos were exposed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) in contaminated human serum present in the culture medium. All mothers experienced hepatitis B during the first trimester of pregnancy, and two had hepatitis B surface antigen and HBV DNA, as determined by PCR, at the time of delivery. No HBV DNA was found in serum or lymphocytes from the exposed 22 infants. HBV DNA was also absent from one infant at autopsy.
<i>Demystified</i> … (2000)

Apoptosis is the genetically regulated form of cell death that permits the safe disposal of cells at the point in time when they have fulfilled their intended biological function. Examples of apoptosis can be cited throughout the whole of the animal and plant kingdoms. It is a vitally important process during normal development and the adult life of many living organisms. In humans, dysregulation of apoptosis can result in inflammatory, malignant, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, infectious agents, including viruses, exploit cellular apoptosis in the host to evade the immune system. This review gives a brief historical perspective of some of the landmark discoveries in apoptosis research. The morphological and biochemical stages of apoptosis are then covered, followed by an overview of how it can be studied in the laboratory. Finally, the implications for therapeutic intervention in disease treatment are discussed.