gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An XML-based Representation Format for Syntactically Annotated Corpora. (2000)

This paper discusses a general approach to the description and encoding of linguistic corpora annotated with hierarchically structured syntactic information. A general format can be motivated by the variety and incompatibility of existing annotation formats. By using XML as a representation format the theoretical and technical problems encountered can be overcome. Introduction As there are various formats for the representation and storage of linguistic corpora, there are also a number of formats for the representation of syntactically annotated corpora or treebanks: Tipster (Grishman, 1998), Penn Treebank (Marcus et al., 1993), Susanne (Sampson, 1995), NeGra (Skut et al., 1998) and several formats for chunked corpora. This variety of formats complicates the access to syntactic data and thus contradicts the aim of creating standard resources only once and to enable easy exchange of data. In this paper we propose an XML-based, theoryindependent exchange format for syntactically annot...
5-HT<sub>2</sub> Receptors Promote Plateau Potentials in Turtle Spinal Motoneurons by Facilitating an L-Type Calcium Current (2003)

The effects of serotonin (5-HT) on intrinsic properties of spinal motoneurons were investigated with intracellular recordings in a slice preparation from adult turtles. In 55% of the cells that were recorded, addition of 5-HT to the extracellular medium promoted plateau potentials as revealed by the response to depolarizing current pulses applied through the intracellular electrode. In the remaining 45% of cells, 5-HT had an inhibitory effect. However, when tested with an applied electric field that preferentially polarizes distal dendrites, 5-HT facilitated plateau potentials in 100% of the cells. Plateau potentials were also promoted by 5-HT focally applied on a dendrite by iontophoresis. Applied near the soma, 5-HT either promoted plateau potentials or inhibited spike generation. The latter effect was accompanied by a decrease in input resistance. Voltage-clamp recordings showed that the facilitation of plateau potentials mediated by L-type Ca(2+) channels was due to activation of 5-HT(2) receptors. These findings show that 5-HT regulates intrinsic properties of motoneurons in opposite ways: activation of 5-HT receptors in the soma region inhibits spike generation and plateau potentials, while activation of 5-HT(2) receptors in the dendrites and the soma region promotes spiking by facilitation of plateau potentials mediated by L-type Ca(2+) channels.
Semantic Priming with Homonymous Nouns: Hints of Clarifying the Issue of Selective vs. Non-Selective Priming (2017)

<p class="p1">In this study, ways of accessing information about ambiguous words were tested. The non-selective access hypothesis states that all meanings of an ambiguous word are activated for retrieval. In contrast the selective access hypothesis predicates that only the meaning that fits the semantic context is accessed. To test this, 29 students (Age: 21.7 years [<em>SD</em> = 3.09]; 12 males, 17 females) were given a lexical decision task in order to record reaction times. Each trial had three stimuli while the second stimulus consists of a lexical ambiguity (e.g., bank). We found no difference in reaction times and error rates between conditions with and without semantic association, which favours the non-selective access hypothesis. <span><span><span><br /></span></span></span>
Detection of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> and <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> by Enzyme Immunoassay, Culture, and Three Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests (2001)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare three commercially available nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for the detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Roche PCR and Becton Dickinson strand displacement amplification (SDA) were performed on 733 endocervical swab specimens from commercial sex workers. Abbott ligase chain reaction (LCR) was performed on a subset of 396 samples. Endocervical specimens from all women were also tested by culture for N. gonorrhoeae and by Syva MicroTrak enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for C. trachomatis. A positive N. gonorrhoeae result was defined as a positive result by culture or by two NAATs, and a positive C. trachomatis result was defined as a positive result by two tests. According to these definitions, the sensitivities and specificities for the subsample of 396 specimens of N. gonorrhoeae culture, PCR, SDA, and LCR were 69.8, 95.2, 88.9, and 88.9% and 100, 99.4, 100, and 99.1%, respectively; the sensitivities and specificities of C. trachomatis EIA, PCR, SDA, and LCR were 42.0, 98.0, 94.0, and 90.0% and 100, 98.0, 100, and 98.6%, respectively. The performance characteristics of N. gonorrhoeae culture, PCR, and SDA and C. trachomatis EIA, PCR, and SDA for all 733 specimens were defined without inclusion of LCR results and by discrepant analysis after resolution of discordant N. gonorrhoeae PCR results and of discordant C. trachomatis EIA and PCR results by LCR testing. The sensitivities of N. gonorrhoeae culture, PCR, and SDA before and after LCR resolution were 67.8, 95.7, and 93.9% and 65, 95.8, and 90.0%, respectively. The sensitivities of C. trachomatis EIA, PCR, and SDA decreased from 39.4, 100, and 100% to 38.7, 98.7, and 94.7%, respectively. All three NAATs proved to be superior to N. gonorrhoeae culture and to C. trachomatis EIA. The accuracies of the different NAATs were quite similar. SDA was the only amplification assay with 100% specificity for detection of both N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis in endocervical specimens.
Ka-Band Wide-Bandgap Solid-State Power Amplifier: Prototype Combiner Spurious Mode Suppression and Power Constraints (2006)

Results of prototype hardware activities related to a 120-W, 32-GHz (Ka-band) solid-state power amplifier (SSPA) architecture study are presented. Spurious mode suppression and the power-handling capability of a prototype 24-way radial combiner and a prototype 2-way septum binary combiner were investigated. Experimental data indicate that a commercial absorptive filter, designed to pass the circular TE01 mode, effectively suppressed the higher-order modes generated by a narrowband, flower-petal-type mode transducer. However, the same filter was not effective in suppressing higher-order modes generated by the broadband Marie mode transducer that is used in the prototype waveguide radial combiner. Should greater filtering be required by a particular SSPA application, a broadband mode filter that can suppress specifically those higher-order modes that are generated by the Marie transducer will need to be developed. A back-to-back configuration of the prototype radial combiner was tested with drive power up to approximately 50 W. No anomalous behavior was observed. Power measurements of the septum combiner indicate that up to 10-W radio frequency (RF) can be dissipated in the integrated resistive element before a permanent performance shift is observed. Thus, a given adder (a single-stage, 2-way combiner) can safely combine two 20-W sources, and the adder will not be damaged in the event of a source failure. This result is used to calculate the maximum source power that can be safely combined as a function of the number of sources combined and the number of source failures allowed in a multi-stage combiner. The analysis shows that SSPA power >140 W can be generated by power combining 16 sources producing 10 W each. In this configuration, up to three sources could fail with the guarantee that the combiner would not be damaged. Finally, a modified prototype septum combiner design was verified. The improved design reduced the assembly time from over 2 hours to about 15 minutes per adder.
Harnessing the potential of communication-mediating domains for the biocombinatorial synthesis of nonribosomal peptides (2006)

The interaction between enzymes of a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) complex relies on the interplay of compatible sets of donor and acceptor communication-mediating (COM) domains. Hence, these domains are essential for the formation of a defined biosynthetic template, thereby directing the synthesis of a specific peptide product. Without the selectivity provided by different sets of COM domains, NRPSs should form random biosynthetic templates, which would ultimately lead to combinatorial peptide synthesis. This study aimed to exploit this inherent combinatorial potential of COM domains. Based on sequence alignments between COM domains, the crosstalk between different biosynthetic systems was predicted and experimentally proven. Furthermore, key residues important for maintaining (or preventing) NRPS interaction were identified. Point mutation of one of these key residues within the acceptor COM domain of TycC1 was sufficient to shift its selectivity from the cognate donor COM of TycB3 toward the noncognate donor COM domain of TycB1. Finally, an artificial NRPS complex was constructed, constituted of enzymes derived from three different biosynthetic systems. By virtue of domain fusions, the interactions between all enzymes were established by the same set of COM domains. Because of the abrogated selectivity, this universal communication system was able to simultaneously form two biosynthetic complexes that catalyzed the combinatorial synthesis of different peptide products.
Status and Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Humans: Dynamics and Control (2020)

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread very quickly. It only took 90 days to expand from Hubei to the rest of the world. Hence, we examined total cases based on the total tests in 211 Countries/Territories and effect of lockdown in India in terms of total cases and deaths as compared to Spain, USA, France and Italy to help policy maker and health experts to understand the epidemic of COVID-19 infectious disease in 211 Countries/Territories Materials and Methods: All COVID-19 cases in 211 countries reported from 3rd March to April 07, 2020, were extracted from the World Health Organization report and worldometer website. These data sets were analyzed by using the exponential model and descriptive statistics on EXCEL-16 software to show the descriptive and exploratory analysis worldwide.
Levels of male-specific RNA bacteriophage and Escherichia coli in molluscan bivalve shellfish from commercial harvesting areas (2003)

Data from this study will inform future proposals to introduce FRNA bacteriophage as an indicator of the viral risk associated with shellfish.
Clustering to find exemplar terms for keyphrase extraction (2009)

Keyphrases are widely used as a brief summary of documents. Since manual assignment is time-consuming, various unsupervised ranking methods based on importance scores are proposed for keyphrase extraction. In practice, the keyphrases of a document should not only be statistically important in the document, but also have a good coverage of the document. Based on this observation, we propose an unsupervised method for keyphrase extraction. Firstly, the method finds exemplar terms by leveraging clustering techniques, which guarantees the document to be semantically covered by these exemplar terms. Then the keyphrases are extracted from the document using the exemplar terms. Our method outperforms sate-of-the-art graph-based ranking methods (TextRank) by 9.5% in F1-measure.
Named entity disambiguation using freebase and syntactic parsing (2013)

Abstract. Named Entity Disambiguation (NED) is a fundamental task of semantic annotation for the Semantic Web. The task of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) in Ontology-Based Information Extraction (OBIE) aims to establish a link between the textual entity mention and the corresponding class in the ontology. In this paper, we propose a NED process integrated in a rule-based OBIE system for French. We show that our SVM approach can improve disambiguation efficiency using syntactic features provided by the Fips parser and popularity score features extracted from the Freebase knowledge base.
Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of glutaraldehyde (1991)

The cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of glutaraldehyde were studied in vitro in the human TK6 lymphoblast cell line and in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. TK6 lymphoblasts were exposed to glutaraldehyde for 2 hr in serum-free GSH-free media. Cytotoxic effects were observed at concentrations as low as 10 microM with only 10% cell survival at 20 microM. Alkaline elution studies indicated that glutaraldehyde-induced DNA-protein crosslinking increased linearly over the concentration range from 0 to 25 microM. Glutaraldehyde-induced mutations were assessed at the thymidine kinase locus over the same concentration range and reached a plateau at 10 microM of about six times the background mutant frequency. At equivalent levels of DNA-protein crosslinks and cytolethality, glutaraldehyde was mutagenic at approximately a one-seventh lower concentration than the rodent nasal carcinogen formaldehyde (Craft et al.; Mutation Research 176:147-155, 1987). Glutaraldehyde induced a marginal increase in unscheduled DNA synthesis in the in vitro hepatocyte DNA repair assay, but only at the two highest concentrations of 50 and 100 microM, indicating the induction of some DNA excision-repair activity. These data demonstrate that glutaraldehyde exhibits DNA-reactive genotoxic activity that may involve, at least in part, DNA-protein crosslinking in these cell culture models. These findings suggest the need to examine the potential carcinogenic activity of glutaraldehyde in appropriate inhalation studies.
Polymer-dispersed chiral liquid crystal color display (1990)

We describe a new type of color display consisting of polymer-dispersed droplets of chiral liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy. In the field-off state, the droplets scatter light randomly. In the field-on state the droplets selectively reflect a bright color. Measurements of reflectivities and switching times are presented and we discuss possible applications.
DIVA optical telescope (2003)

The German Instrument for Multi-channel Photometry and Astrometry (DIVA), dedicated to the German (DLR) small extraterrestrial satellite program, is intended as a kind of technology precursor mission to GAIA. DIVA is scheduled for launch in 2004 and shall perform a sky survey to measure within 2 years life time the positions, parallaxes, magnitudes, etc. of about 35 million stars. The main instrument, covering the spectral range of 400-1000nm, observes 2 fields of view (0.6° x 0.77°) by a single Focal Plane Assembly (FPA). The focal length is 11200mm. The DIVA Optomechanics is based on a high precision Three Mirror Anastigmat (TMA) concept with 8 mirrors, 5 of them flat. An extremely high short term stability (torsion tolerance) of 0.3 mas over 10h only has to be realized only by passive means to achieve the astrometrical performance requirements. The paper describes the phase B2 design activities wrt. the optomechanical and thermal design of the main instrument. Special emphasis is given to an exhausting, but very pragmatic thermomechanical and optical performance trade off between a cost effective athermal design concept, applying mirrors and an optical bench made from a specially treated isotropic aluminum alloy, and a thermally stable hybrid material concept based on a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) sandwich structure and Zerodur mirrors. The selection of the final baseline design solution shall be reported. According to the very high long and short scale surface properties of the candidate aluminum mirrors a sophisticated manufacturing procedure was established based on conventional and ion beam polishing techniques. The representative breadboard mirror test results will be given.
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (1990)

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves intermittent inhalation of 100% oxygen under a pressure greater than 1 atm. Despite over a century of use in medical settings, hyperbaric oxygen remains a controversial therapy. The last 20 years have seen a clarification of the mechanism of action of hyperbaric therapy and a greater understanding of its potential benefit. However, despite the substantial evidence that hyperbaric oxygen may have a therapeutic effect in certain carefully defined disease states, many practitioners remain unaware of these findings or are concerned about using hyperbaric therapy because of the controversy it has engendered. This review examines the indications currently considered appropriate for hyperbaric oxygen and briefly evaluates animal and clinical data substantiating these indications. Areas in which the mechanism of action of hyperbaric oxygen is still not well understood, as well as possible new areas of applications, are discussed.
Singular boundary value problem on infinite time scale (2006)

This paper deals with a class of singular boundary value problems of differential equations on infinite time scale. An existence theorem of positive solutions is established by using the Schauder fixed point theorem and perturbation and operator approximation method, which resolves the singularity successfully and differs from those of some papers. In the end of the paper, an example is given to illustrate our main result.
Aqueous-Environmental Chemistry of Metals (1975)

Journal Article Aqueous-Environmental Chemistry of Metals Get access Aqueous-Environmental Chemistry of Metals. Alan J. Rubin (ed.). Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI, 1974. vii + 390 pp. Price $20.00. Journal of Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Volume 58, Issue 6, 1 November 1975, Page 1308, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/58.6.1308 Published: 29 January 2020
A Processor-Sharing Scheduling Strategy for NFV Nodes (2016)

The introduction of the two paradigms SDN and NFV to “softwarize” the current Internet is making management and resource allocation two key challenges in the evolution towards the Future Internet. In this context, this paper proposes Network-Aware Round Robin (NARR), a processor-sharing strategy, to reduce delays in traversing SDN/NFV nodes. The application of NARR alleviates the job of the Orchestrator by automatically working at the intranode level, dynamically assigning the processor slices to the virtual network functions (VNFs) according to the state of the queues associated with the output links of the network interface cards (NICs). An extensive simulation set is presented to show the improvements achieved with respect to two more processor-sharing strategies chosen as reference.
Diamond Is Forever: De Beers, the Kimberely Process, and the Efficacy of Public and Corporate Co-Regulatory Initiatives in Securing Regulatory Compliance Note (2006)

Today, medical practice is invaded by a growing number of technologies of all kinds, among which computer techniques have an important place. Although they have significant advantages, for instance in terms of medical record management, they give rise to several problems, particularly concerning the confidentiality of the patient's data with regards to third party. A great number of specific provisions, complementary to the general texts protecting private life (examined in the first part of this two parts article), endeavour to solve these problems. It is true that these provisions are recent, have various origins and often appear as rules difficult to understand. Yet, they are partially inspired by a common logic. Relying on these common features, the authors make two suggestions for the future, in order to avoid that the growing computerisation of medical practice eventually destabilises the health care relationship: a) Any dictatorship of confidentiality must be rejected. b) Stimulating a sense of professionalism is most likely the way to avoid an anarchic and unrealistic development of rules aimed at regulating the health care relationship.
A review of the literature (2006)

Evidence-based medicine techniques can help clinicians to accurately predict the presence of UTI in postmenopausal women with atypical symptoms and risk factors.
Measurement angular velocity based on video technology (2011)

Traditional method to measure rotational speed of object is to install some devices on the object, such as rotary encoder etc. However, some objects cannot be installed with any measuring equipment. Sometimes, the owner of the objects does not allow such installment. To measure the angular velocity of the object with video measurement technique is a possible alternative, which is the goal of this study. The angular velocity of the object can be measured firstly by a camera to record rotational video of the objects and then two adjacent frames can be extracted from the video. Hough transform (or Radon transform) is applied to detect the straight line in the images, and calculate the angular of the lines in each image. In this way, the value of difference angle between two frames can be calculated. It is easy to get the angular velocity of the object because the interval time of the two frames is known. The experiment confirmed that this method can get an ideal measurement results.
GENERIC MODEL ADAPTIVE CONTROL (1992)

Abstract Generic Model Control (GMC) is a process model based control algorithm incorporating a process model directly within the control structure. It has been shown to produce excellent control, despite reasonable modelling errors. In this paper an algorithm is developed within a GMC framework which reduces the effect of larger modelling errors by regularly updating the model parameters. This new adaptive algorithm is capable of adapting model parameters in a nonlinear model, where the parameters appear in a nonlinear manner. Several examples are presented to illustrate the principles of the technique.
PAK4 signaling in health and disease: defining the PAK4–CREB axis (2019)

p21-Activated kinase 4 (PAK4), a member of the PAK family, regulates a wide range of cellular functions, including cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival. Dysregulation of its expression and activity thus contributes to the development of diverse pathological conditions. PAK4 plays a pivotal role in cancer progression by accelerating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis. Therefore, PAK4 is regarded as an attractive therapeutic target in diverse types of cancers, prompting the development of PAK4-specific inhibitors as anticancer drugs; however, these drugs have not yet been successful. PAK4 is essential for embryonic brain development and has a neuroprotective function. A long list of PAK4 effectors has been reported. Recently, the transcription factor CREB has emerged as a novel effector of PAK4. This finding has broad implications for the role of PAK4 in health and disease because CREB-mediated transcriptional reprogramming involves a wide range of genes. In this article, we review the PAK4 signaling pathways involved in prostate cancer, Parkinson's disease, and melanogenesis, focusing in particular on the PAK4-CREB axis.
Acoustic characteristics of a semispan wing equipped with an externally blown jet flap including results at forward speed (1973)

A wind-tunnel investigation was made of the noise characteristics of a 14.5-ft semispan, externally blown jet flap model. The model was equipped with a single 30-in. diameter, ducted fan with a 1.03 pressure ratio. The effects of flap size, fan vertical location, and forward speed on the noise characteristics were studied. With the ducted fan mounted 0.79 or 1.24 diameters below the wing and a flap chord greater than 50 percent, the peak perceived noise level increased 2 to 3 Pndb when the flap was deflected to 90 deg. The jet scrubbing noise increase 3 to 4 db when the flap was deflected 90 deg. Installation of the fan on the wing was responsible for 1 to 2 db of this change. Forward speed did not have a significant effect on the perceived noise level, although it did cause a reduction in the sound pressure levels of the first and second fan harmonics.