gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of xenon on sealed-off CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;lasers (1968)

The role of xenon as a gas additive in sealed-off CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -He and CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -He lasers has been investigated. Maximum Output power and maximum efficiency are increased by about 25 percent and 15 percent, respectively. The operating conditions of the lasers shift to higher currents with an accompanying 20 to 25 percent decrease in discharge voltage. An operating life of 2800 hours has been demonstrated by a sealed-off CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -Xe-He-laser. Comparative measurements have been made of the electron temperature and electron density in CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> - He and CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -Xe-He laser discharges. With gas pressures and current adjusted for optimum laser performance, CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -Xe-He discharge is characterized by a higher (∼45 percent) electron density.
Cortisol-Induced Insulin Resistance in Man: Impaired Suppression of Glucose Production and Stimulation of Glucose Utilization due to a Postreceptor Defect of Insulin Action* (1982)

The present studies were undertaken to assess the mechanisms responsible for cortisol-induced insulin resistance in man. The insulin dose-response characteristics for suppression of glucose production and stimulation of glucose utilization and their relationship to monocyte and erythrocyte insulin receptor binding were determined in six normal volunteers after 24-h infusion of cortisol and 24-h infusion of saline. The infusion of cortisol (2 microgram kg-1 min-1) increased the plasma cortisol concentration approximately 4-fold (37 +/- 3 vs. 14 +/- 1 microgram/dl; P less than 0.01) to values observed during moderately severe stress in man. This hypercortisolemia increased postabsorptive plasma glucose (126 +/- 2 vs. 97 +/- 2 mg/dl; P less than 0.01) and plasma insulin (16 +/- 2 vs. 10 +/- 2 microU/ml; P less than 0.01) concentrations and rates of glucose production (2.4 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.1 +/- -0.1 mg kg-1 min-1; P less than 0.01) and utilization (2.5 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.1 mg kg-1 min -1; P less than 0.01). Insulin dose-response curves for both suppression of glucose production (half-maximal response at 81 +/- 19 vs. 31 +/ 5 microU/ml; P less than 0.05) and stimulation of glucose utilization (half-maximal response at 104 +/- 9 vs. 64 +/- 7 microU/ml; P less than 0.01) were shifted to the right, with preservation of normal maximal responses to insulin. Neither monocyte nor erythrocyte insulin binding was decreased. However, except at near-maximal insulin receptor occupancy, the action of insulin on glucose production and utilization per number of monocyte and erythrocyte insulin receptors occupied was decreased. These results indicate that the cortisol-induced insulin resistance in man is due to the decrease in both hepatic and extrahepatic sensitivity to insulin. Assuming that insulin binding to monocytes and erythrocytes reflects insulin binding in insulin-sensitive tissues, this decrease in insulin action can be explained on the basis of a postreceptor defect.
Inhibition by verapamil of the medium change induced stimulation of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells. (1985)

Mitotic stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells in confluent cultures as determined by increased thymidine incorporation is achieved by medium change, possibly by the action of serum derived factors. Results obtained by measuring 3H-thymidine incorporation, glucose uptake and lactate production of cultured smooth muscle cells show that application of verapamil, a calcium entry blocker, prevents the stimulating effect of medium change. It is concluded that this type of stimulation is triggered by an influx of calcium ions accessible to calcium antagonistic drugs. It seems possible that the antiatherosclerotic effect of verapamil is based at least to some extent on a similar mechanism.
Behavioral phenotype of individuals with Down syndrome (2000)

Evidence is reviewed for a developmentally-emerging behavioral phenotype in individuals with Down syndrome that includes significant delay in nonverbal cognitive development accompanied by additional, specific deficits in speech, language production, and auditory short-term memory in infancy and childhood, but fewer adaptive behavior problems than individuals with other cognitive disabilities. Evidence of dementia emerges for up to half the individuals studied after age 50. Research issues affecting control group selection in establishing phenotypic characteristics are discussed, as well as the possible genetic mechanisms underlying variation in general cognitive delay, specific language impairment, and adult dementia. MRDD Research Reviews 2000;6:84-95. Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An Empirical Study on Ensemble Learning of Multimodal Machine Translation (2020)

With the increasing availability of images, multimodal machine translation (MMT) is leading a vibrant field. Model structure and multimodal information introduction are the hotspot focused by MMT researchers nowadays. Among the existing models, transformer model has reached the state-of-the-art performance in many translation tasks. However, we observe that the performance of MMT based on transformer is highly unstable since transformer model is sensitive to the fluctuation of hyper-parameters especially the number of layers, the dimension of word embeddings and hidden states, the number of multi-heads. Moreover, different ways of introducing image information also have significant influence on the performance of MMT. In this paper, we exploit some integration strategies which depend on different tasks to make collaborative decisions on the final translation results to enhance the stability of MMT based on transformer. Furthermore, we combine different ways of introducing image information to improve the semantic expression of input. Extensive experiments on Multi30K dataset demonstrate that ensemble learning in MMT which integrates text and image features exactly obtain more stable and better translation performance and the best result yields improvement of 5.12 BLEU points over the strong Transformer baseline set in our experiments.
Calcium-43 NMR of Calcium-Binding Proteins (2003)

The Ca 2+-ion, with its closed-shell electronic structure, has very few spectroscopic properties that are useful in studies of calcium-binding proteins and their interactions with calcium ions. Therefore, it is even more important to exploit the few possibilities for spectroscopy that are available. The most abundant calcium isotope, 42Ca, has a spin quantum number I = 0 and is therefore not observable by NMR. However, 43Ca has I = 7/2 and is in principle NMR active. The natural abundance of this istope is only 0.15% and 43Ca NMR can therefore most likely never be used to study biological systems without isotope enrichment. Nowadays, 43Ca enriched to 50% is readily available, though at a rather high cost. It seems that most research groups working with calciumbinding proteins consider the 43Ca isotope as an exotic one and only a limited number of groups have been involved in 43Ca NMR studies of biological systems (1-6). Only the Swedish group in Lund and the Japanese group in Sendai have been using 43Ca NMR more consistently.
An improved location-based handover algorithm for GSM systems (2005)

The variation of signal strength caused by shadowing is a random process, and handover decision mechanisms based on measurements of signal strength induce the "ping-pong effect". The paper proposes an improved handover algorithm, which identifies the correlation among shadowing components based on an estimation of mobile velocity, to suppress the ping-pong effect. The impact of velocity estimation errors on handover performance is investigated. Simulation results indicate that the proposed approach can reduce the number of unnecessary handovers by 9-17% compared to the conventional method, while the signal outage probability remains similar.
Low-power wireless video systems (1998)

This article presents the design principles for implementing low-power wireless video systems through the use of two examples, a single-chip digital video camera and a wireless video-on-demand system. The discussion focuses on the architectural and circuit techniques developed specifically for silicon integration of high-performance low-power wireless video systems. The proposed single-chip digital camera incorporates a parallel architecture to perform MPEG-2 encoding in real time, while the video-on-demand system employs an error-resilient compression algorithm to guard against the transmission errors often encountered in wireless communication. Both wireless video systems, one for encoding and the other for decoding, dissipate only tens of milliwatts of power, achieving a power reduction two orders of magnitude below standard solutions.
Maximum Power Tracking for Photovoltaic Power Systems (2005)

ABSTRACT

The electric power supplied by a photovoltaic power generation system depends on the solar radiation and temperature. Designing efficient PV systems heavily emphasizes to track the maximum power operating point. This work develops a novel three-point weight comparison method that avoids the oscillation problem of the perturbation and observation algorithm which is often employed to track the maximum power point. Furthermore, a low cost control unit is developed, based on a single chip to adjust the output voltage of the solar cell array. Finally, experimental results confirm the superior performance of the proposed method.
Railway braking and related control systems (2008)

The paper outlines the development and requirements of relevant legislation. It shows how the requirements have been met historically and how they are met with current technology. It explores different braking systems and the interfaces between braking and traction control systems. Finally it looks at the implications of such control systems on track capacity and the slippery topic of adhesion in the evolving world of ERTMS.
Gradient-based block truncation coding (1995)

A new gradient-based block truncation coding (BTC) algorithm is presented. Combined with a simple two-way classification, the algorithm shows a substantial improvement in the visual image quality demonstrated by edge preservation and reduction of the staircase effect. At the same time, significant reduction in bit rate is achieved. A user-defined threshold allows bit rates in the range 0.70 – 1.5, depending on the quality level desired.
Efficacy of Leptospiral vaccine vax-SPIRAL against challenge with strains isolated from leptospirosis epidemic in Nicaragua using the hamster as biomodel (2011)

A hamster model was used to determine the protector capacity of vax-SPIRAL against the lethal infection after challenge with 10,000 LD of four strains isolated of a leptospirosis outbreaks in Nicaragua. These strains were 50 selected from a primary group of 16 belonging to the serogroups strains Ballum, Icterohemorragiae, Pomona, Serjoe and Pyrogenes. Most of these, except Pyrogenes serogroup, reproduced the infection in animal model and the most virulent representatives of each serogroup were selected for the challenge. The results of this study suggest that vax-SPIRAL conferred high percents of heterologous protection which aimed to consider it as a prophylactic measure useful in situations of floods and natural disasters in Nicaragua.
Type checking, separate compilation and reusability (1984)

A strategy for performing type checking on programs built out of separately compiled parts is presented. This strategy is used in a programming environment that allows small components of a software system to be reconfigured in different ways. The strategy works by inferring type schemas for all of the undeclared functions used by a component and then unifying each schema with a program library when a configuration is built.
Empirical Correlation Between Hydrophobic Free Energy and Aqueous Cavity Surface Area (1974)

The unitary free energy of transfer of a hydrocarbon molecule from a hydrocarbon solvent to an aqueous medium is a measure of the hydrophobic interaction in the aqueous medium. We have reexamined available data on this phenomenon and have confirmed that the free energy for saturated hydrocarbons is proportional to the surface area of the cavity created by the solute in the aqueous solution, with the same proportionality constant for linear, branched, and cyclic hydrocarbon molecules. The numerical value of the proportionality constant is uncertain because absolute and self-consistent area measurements are not available. We estimate that it falls between 20 and 25 cal/mole per A(2) at 25 degrees (for areas measured at the distance of closest approach of water molecules), which is significantly less than the figure of 33 cal/mole per A(2) that has been assigned to the same parameter by Hermann [J. Phys. Chem. 76, 2754-2759 (1972)]. A small discrepancy exists when similar data for homologous series of alkyl derivatives are compared with results based on hydrocarbons themselves, and possible reasons for it are discussed.
Simulation of steady cardiovascular flow in the presence of stenosis using a finite element method (1990)

Stenosis could affect one or more segments of the human cardiovascular system. It is a problem capable of causing grave effects. In the present study, the finite element method has been utilised to construct a computer simulation model for the human cardiovascular system in which one or more blood carrying elastic segments are affected by stenosis. Computational effects on the effects of stenosis in aorta arch, carotid, and coronary arteries on parameters of steady flow through the system are presented. It is found that when the total flow rate through the heart is maintained constant, the most notable effect is a very marked increase in pressure drop occurring over the length of the vessel affected with stenosis. Pressure drop in many other segments also increases but by a much smaller extent. On the other hand, when the pressure at the inlet of the ascending aorta and the outlet of the vena cava are maintained constant, the most marked effect is a decrease of flow rate through the stenosed vessel. Stenosis not only causes a pressure drop in the affected segments but it also changes pressures at points distal from the site of stenosis. It also causes a redistribution of flow through the cardiovascular system.
Analysis of pore size distribution and fractal dimension in tight sandstone with mercury intrusion porosimetry (2019)

The pore size distribution (PSD) and fractal dimension of tight sandstone are studied with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). Four different fractal models are used to calculate fractal dimensions from mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) and mercury extrusion capillary pressure (MECP) respectively, and the physical meanings of the fractal dimensions calculated from different fractal models are discussed. The fractal characteristics of tight sandstone pore spaces with unimodal and bimodal PSD are compared. The correlations between fractal dimensions and tight sandstone petrophysical properties are researched, and the optimal fractal model for formation evaluation is recommended. Finally, the key parameters influencing tight sandstone permeability are investigated.
How Well Do Metal–Organic Frameworks Tolerate Flue Gas Impurities? (2012)

We present a comprehensive computational study on how SO2, NO2, NO, CO, and O2 affect the CO2 adsorption in some MOFs which showed exceptionally high pure CO2 uptake at low pressures. Our results show that SO2 is a significant threat to CO2 capture in Mg and Co/DOBDC MOFs, while Ni/DOBDC tolerates it very well. We further show that the presence of SO2 might either increase or not affect the CO2 uptake in some MOFs rather than causing a decrease as expected. Our results also reveal that NO2, NO, and O2 are a major concern for CO2 adsorption in MOFs with adeninate linkers (e.g., Bio-MOFs).
IT기업 R&D 융자지원사업의 지원성과 및 지속가능성 강화 방안 (2012)

본 연구는 IT분야 기술개발 지원을 목표로 저리의 자금을 대출하여 기술적·경제적 성과를 도모하고자 수행되고 있는 정보통신진흥기금 융자사업 수혜기업을 대상으로 해당 사업의 지원성과 현황을 살펴보고, 해당 사업의 타당성 및 지속가능성을 강화할 수 있는 지원정책 및 차별화방안을 탐색하기 위하여 담보별 성과분석 및 기업특성별 성과분석을 시도하고 있다. 분석 결과, 지원의 궁극적인 목표가 기술적 성과에 있느냐 경제적 성과에 있느냐에 따라 지원정책을 다변화할 수 있으며, 매출 및 비용절감, 고용효과 측면에서는 기술분야, 업력, 기업규모 등을 고려하여 선택과 집중을 통해 지원방식을 개선한다면 차후 지원성과 및 지속가능성이 제고될 수 있다는 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다.
An Evidential Approach for Modeling and Reasoning on Uncertainty in Semantic Applications (2011)

International audience
Integrated optical spectrum analyzer: an imminent `chip' (1978)

Discusses the developments of integrated optics and in particular the fabrication of a spectrum analyzer-a key circuit in electronic warfare.
Full elastic waveform inversion: Future of quantitative seismic imaging (2008)

Conventional method of seismic data analyses provide high‐quality seismic image, but the image remains qualitative. Elastic full waveform inversion can provide quantitative measure of elastic parameters, which can be used to quantify the lithology, fluid and gas content, and excess pressure. Both travel‐time and amplitude information within shot domain data are used to invert for the sub‐surface velocity, from a starting model containing the long wavelength features. Although full waveform inversion is computationally intense, the ability to invert for both P‐ and S‐wave velocity, in a data driven manner, makes the computational burden worthwhile. Over the last ten years, we have developed a suite of full waveform inversion algorithm and have applied to multi‐component ocean bottom cable data from the North Sea to quantify gas clouds, walk‐away VSP data from the Gulf of Mexico to determine the presence over‐pressure beneath a salt dome, and to quantify sequestrated CO2 in he time‐lapse mode. We show that the waveform inversion can indeed provide fine‐scale (metric‐scale) P and S‐wave velocities, and is future of quantitative seismic imaging.
Silver Seeds and Aromatic Surfactants Facilitate the Growth of Anisotropic Metal Nanoparticles: Gold Triangular Nanoprisms and Ultrathin Nanowires (2014)

Here, we report that the introduction of silver seeds can lead to fast and high-yield syntheses of two highly anisotropic metal nanoparticles: triangular gold nanoprisms and ultrathin metal nanowires. Uniform sub-50 nm gold triangular nanoprisms were formed in high yields when silver seeds were introduced to the growth solution containing a small amount of silver ions and an aromatic surfactant, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride. On the other hand, gold seeds grew into spherical particles under the same condition. The formation of gold triangular nanoprisms from silver seeds was attributed to a relatively more reactive nature of silver seeds, which allows for the necessary structure evolution at the initial stage of nanoparticle growth. At high silver ion concentrations, ultrathin nanowires with the diameter of 1.6 nm were formed in nearly 100% yield. While both seeds (gold and silver) produced the same type of nanowires, silver seeds significantly facilitated the formation of nanowires, and the nanowire growth was almost instantaneous with silver seeds. We believe that the use of silver seeds in combination with aromatic surfactants can open up new possibilities for shape control of metal nanoparticles.
Should patients be able to control their own records? (2012)

Giving patients control of their medical records may sound scary to many doctors, but it could reduce workload and improve outcomes, Peter Davies reports
User Centric Policy Management in Online Social Networks (2010)

Online social networking sites are experiencing tremendous user growth with hundreds of millions of active users. As a result, there is a tremendous amount of user profile data online, e.g., name, birth date, etc. Protecting this data is a challenge. The task of access policy composition is a tedious and confusing effort for the average user having hundreds of friends. In this paper, we propose a Policy Manager (PolicyMgr) Framework for social networks. PolicyMgr assists users in composing and managing their access control policies for objects posted to their profiles. Our approach is based on a supervised learning mechanism that leverages user provided example policy settings as training sets to build classifiers that are the basis for auto-generated policies. Furthermore, we provide mechanisms to enable users to fuse policy decisions that are provided by their friends or others in the social network. These policies then regulate access to user profile objects. We implemented our framework and, through experimentation, demonstrate positive emerging results.
Video object cosegmentation (2012)

We introduce and address the problem of video object cosegmentation, which concerns the task of segmenting the common object in a pair of video sequences. We present a new algorithm that works on super-voxels in videos to solve this task. The algorithm computes i the intra-video relative motion derived from dense optical flow and ii) the inter-video co-features based on Gaussian mixture models. The experimental results show that, by integrating the intra-video and inter-video information, our algorithm is able to obtain better results of segmenting video objects.
Inhibition of c-Src expression and activation in malignant pleural mesothelioma tissues leads to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and decreased migration and invasion (2007)

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a deadly disease with few systemic treatment options. One potential therapeutic target, the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src, causes changes in proliferation, motility, invasion, survival, and angiogenesis in cancer cells and may be a valid therapeutic target in MPM. To test this hypothesis, we determined the effects of c-Src inhibition in MPM cell lines and examined c-Src expression and activation in tissue samples. We analyzed four MPM cell lines and found that all expressed total and activated c-Src. Three of the four cell lines were sensitive by in vitro cytotoxicity assays to the c-Src inhibitor dasatinib, which led to cell cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. Dasatinib also inhibited migration and invasion independent of the cytotoxic effects, and led to the rapid and durable inhibition of c-Src and its downstream pathways. We used immunohistochemical analysis to determine the levels of c-Src expression and activation in 46 archived MPM tumor specimens. The Src protein was highly expressed in tumor cells, but expression did not correlate with survival. However, expression of activated Src (p-Src Y419) on the tumor cell membrane was higher in patients with advanced-stage disease; the presence of metastasis correlated with higher membrane (P = 0.03) and cytoplasmic (P = 0.04) expression of p-Src Y419. Lower levels of membrane expression of inactive c-Src (p-Src Y530) correlated with advanced N stage (P = 0.02). Activated c-Src may play a role in survival, metastasis, and invasion of MPM, and targeting c-Src may be an important therapeutic strategy.