gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arthropod pests of kiwifruit identified from Chinese language literature (2019)

References to many other kiwifruit arthropod pests (and diseases) were found as part of a process of searching Chinese language literature to understand the impact of brown marmorated stink bug (Halyomorpha halys; BMSB) and spotted lantern fly (Lycorma delicatula; SLF) on kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) and A. deliciosa in China. Information on other kiwifruit pests was collated from over 20 Chinese language publications found in searches of the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure platform using standard Chinese characters for BMSB, SLF and kiwifruit, and was ranked according to: (1) the number of publications they were mentioned in; and (2) the type of words used to describe their impact. In addition to BMSB and SLF, approximately 50 kiwifruit pests were identified from this process, including a number of species that were unknown to the New Zealand kiwifruit biosecurity community and which may pose a threat to kiwifruit production if they established in New Zealand. This work reinforces the need for searching Chinese databases with Chinese characters in combination with searches in international databases, to ensure comprehensive coverage for biosecurity risk assessment.
COSTS OF MOBILE SCREENING FOR DIABETIC RETINOPATHY: A PRACTICAL FRAMEWORK FOR RURAL POPULATIONS (2001)

Australia's rural and remote residents experience considerably higher hospitalisation and death rates due to diabetes than their metropolitan counterparts. There is clearly a need for improved diabetes care services in these areas and interventions that target conditions associated with diabetes will yield beneficial results for the community. All people with diabetes are at risk for diabetic retinopathy, which can cause vision loss and blindness. Although vision loss and blindness due to diabetes is nearly 100% preventable through regular eye examinations, 35% of Victoria's rural population with diabetes do not have their eyes examined on a regular basis. A pilot, mobile screening program for the early detection of diabetic eye disease was conducted in rural Victoria and proved to be a successful model of adjunct eye care for people with diabetes. Actual costs from the pilot screening were applied to a permanent model for rural eye care. At A$41 per participant, costs for mobile screening were competitive with Medicare rebate costs for eye examinations. The model addresses barriers of accessibility and availability, targets a portion of the rural population with diabetes that is not otherwise having eye examinations, and is cost-saving to the Government.
A simple and accurate MESFET channel-current model including bias-dependent dispersion and thermal phenomena (1997)

A new channel-current model of GaAs MESFET suitable for applications to microwave computer-aided design (CAD) has been developed. This model includes the frequency-dispersion effects due to traps and thermal effects. The model parameters are extracted from pulsed I-V measurements at several ambient temperature and quiescent bias points. This model is verified by simulating nonlinear circuits, such as a power amplifier and a mixer.
Associations between chromosome 7 aneusomy and EGFR copy number with survival and response to gefitinib in NSCLC (2006)

7171 Background: EGFR, the presumed target of gefitinib and erlotinib, has been studied (expression, gene copy number, & mutations) for predicting response to these tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). ’High polysomy’ and ’amplification’ of the EGFR gene, as defined by Cappuzzo et al. JNCI 97:643, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), showed significant association with objective response (Resp) and survival. We also measured EGFR and chromosome 7 (C7) copy numbers by FISH in 81 gefitinib-treated NSCLC patients (12 Resp). Using Cappuzzo’s FISH± parameter alone we saw similar trends but no statistical significance in the 81 patient group. Therefore we sought to optimize FISH parameters for these patients. Methods: FISH was performed (paraffin sections) using a 2-color probe set (Vysis LSI EGFR/CEP 7), median 80 cells per specimen. >50 parameters were derived from the data (e.g. mean EGFR/cell, C7/cell etc) and compared, using different threshold values, to Resp and survival. Results: The best single parameter associated with survival was the average C7/cell. Applying upper and lower thresholds of 3.6 and 2.0 C7/cell to delineate moderate from extreme ratios yielded median survival of 177 and 465 d, respectively (Kaplan-Meier, p < .002). A single threshold of 3.6, separating low from high, yielded survival of 201 and 522 d, respectively (p < .01). For these thresholds C7/cell was not associated with Resp, however, thresholds could be found for which both survival and Resp were significant. The best single parameter associated with Resp was average EGFR/cell. Of the 70 patients with EGFR/cell≤6.0, 63 (90%) did not respond while 5 of 11 patients (45%) with EGFR/cell >6.0 responded (p < .01). No EGFR/cell threshold could be found for which both survival and Resp were significant. Many 2-parameter combinations provided significant associations with both survival and Resp. Conclusions: Several FISH-derived parameters were significantly associated with either survival or Resp to gefitinib and a subset were associated with both. These parameters must be tested on independent data sets to determine their value in directing TKI therapy. [Table: see text]
Potential at Zero Charge for Reversible and Ideal Polarized Electrodes (1955)

The potential at zero charge for an ideal polarized electrode, as measured with respect to some reference electrode, varies linearly with the work function of the metal, while this potential for a reversible electrode is independent of the nature of the electrode. This observation is verified experimentally for Ag, Cd, Cu, Ga, Hg, Ni, Pb, Pt, and Tl in the case of ideal polarized electrodes and for Ag, Au, Bi, Cu, Hg, and Pt for reversible electrodes. It is shown that the difference between the Volta potentials from electrode to solution for an ideal polarized electrode at zero charge is approximately —0.33 volt, and that the difference between the Galvani potentials is equal to the surface potential of the electrode. The difference of Volta potentials for a reversible electrode at zero charge varies linearly with the electronic work function of the metal.
Two Ene–Yne Metathesis Approaches to the Total Synthesis of Amphidinolide P (2015)

The total synthesis of amphidinolide P was achieved through two different ene-yne metathesis approaches. In each approach, the metathesis step was performed at late stages in the synthesis with all other functionality present. By forging two successful pathways to the synthesis of 1, some of the strengths and weaknesses of metathesis-intensive synthetic strategies were identified.
In Situ Catalytic Encapsulation of Core-Shell Nanoparticles Having Variable Shell Thickness: Dielectric and Energy Storage Properties of High-Permittivity Metal Oxide Nanocomposites (2010)

Aluminum oxide encapsulated high-permittivity (ε) BaTiO3 and ZrO2 core-shell nanoparticles having variable Al2O3 shell thicknesses were prepared via a layer-by-layer methylaluminoxane coating process. Subsequent chemisorptive activation of the single-site metallocene catalyst [rac-ethylenebisindenyl]zirconium dichloride (EBIZrCl2) on these Al2O3-encapsulated nanoparticles, followed by propylene addition, affords 0−3 metal oxide-isotactic polypropylene nanocomposites. Nanocomposite microstructure is analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The in situ polymerization process yields homogeneously dispersed nanoparticles in a polyolefin matrix. Electrical measurements indicate that as the concentration of the filler nanoparticles increases, the effective permittivity of the nanocomposites increases, affording ε values as high as 6.2. The effective permittivites of such composites can be predicted by the Maxwell−Garnett formalism using the effective medium theory for volume fractions (νf) of nanoparticles below 0.06. The nanocomposites have leakage current densities of ∼10−7−10−9 A/cm2 at an electric field of 105 V/cm, and very low dielectric loss in the frequency range 100 Hz−1 MHz. Increasing the Al2O3 shell thickness dramatically suppresses the leakage current and high field dielectric loss in these nanocomposites.
Recombinant Expression of α‐Bungarotoxin in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> Facilitates Identification of Mutant Toxins Engineered to Recognize Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (2000)

A snake venom-derived alpha-neurotoxin, alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBgtx), is the classic competitive antagonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). The very high specificity and essentially irreversible binding of alphaBgtx to various nAChRs make alphaBgtx the prime candidate for studying the molecular determinants of specificity for nAChR-ligand interactions. To facilitate site-directed mutagenesis of alphaBgtx for functional analysis, we have developed a recombinant expression system for alphaBgtx using the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris. A synthetic gene coding for alphaBgtx was subcloned into an expression vector that directs secretion of the recombinant alphaBgtx (rBgtx) when stably integrated into the yeast genome. Expression of rBgtx was induced by growth of yeast cultures with methanol as the sole carbon source. The activity of the rBgtx in the cell-free medium was measured by competition with 1251-Bgtx for binding to Torpedo nAChR-enriched membranes. The rBgtx, purified to homogeneity by standard HPLC, has the correct predicted amino terminal sequence and molecular mass. Its circular dichroism spectrum is very similar to that of authentic venom-derived alphaBgtx, and the biological activity of the rBgtx is identical to that of authentic alphaBgtx. We have used the Pichia expression system to study a double point mutation of alphaBgtx, rBgtx-K38P/L42Q, that has a high affinity for alpha3beta2 neuronal nAChRs. This is the first demonstration of engineering an alpha-neurotoxin to recognize non-alpha7 neuronal nicotinic receptors.
Acoustic-surface-wave measured majority-carrier surface mobilities (1975)

Theoretical predictions are noted for majority-carrier surface mobilities and compared against previously published ASW measured surface mobilities in silicon.
[Treatment of neuro-immunologic diseases by immunosuppressants]. (1994)

Immunosuppressive treatments of neuro-immunologic diseases: myasthenia gravis, polymyositis, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and multiple sclerosis were reviewed. The treatments need to be planned in terms of 2-5 years. Cautions must be taken for adverse effects of short and long terms. Corticosteroids were the most well used and were studied medication of the first choice among immunosuppressants in these diseases except for CIDP in which large amounts of IV-Ig or plasmapheresis are the first choice. Pulse treatment of very high doses of steroids are used in refractory or severe cases. As for immunosuppressants, in polymyositis iv MTX is the choice since its response is quicker than AZ. CsA is used in cases with pneumonitis. In MS, pulse treatments of steroids followed by gradual decreasing doses of steroids are used for 2-3 months in each relapse. Recently, IFN-alpha 2a and IFN-beta significantly reduced the number of relapses and improved MRI findings. Chronic applications of AZ, CY, Cs or MTX have possibilities of reducing relapses, and new drugs like mizoribine and mitoxantrone etc. are in trials.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur der molekularen Clusterverbindung W<sub>6</sub>Br<sub>14</sub> (1994)

Abstract W 6 Br 14 wird bei der direkten Synthese aus W 6 Br 12 und Br 2 in Form braum‐schwarzer Kristalle erhalten (400 K). Die Verbindung kristallisiert kubisch mit neutralen Clustermolekülen ([W 6 Br ]Br ): a = 13.458 Å; Pn 3 (Nr. 201); d̄(WW) = 2.653 Å; d̄(WBr i ) = 2.616 Å; d̄(WBr a ) = 2.569 Å. Die W‐Atome liegen um 0.03 Å außerhalb der Br ‐Würfelflächen. Die Moleküle sind entsprechend einer cF ‐Konfiguration verteilt und dabei um jeweils eine der 3zähligen Achsen gedreht (−23°; Vermeidung kurzer inter‐Clusterabstände Br a Br a ). Es resultieren aber pro Cluster 12 sehr kurze intermolekulare Abstände d(Br i …︁ Br a ) = 3.487 Å, über welche die Cluster zu zwei unabhängigen, sich durchdringenden 3D‐Netzen miteinander verbunden sind (Cu 2 O‐Typ). Die bei einem M 6 X ‐Cluster mit 22 Elektronen pro M 6 ‐Oktaeder erwartete lokale Verzerrung tritt nicht auf. Es wird angenommen, daß das Jahn‐Teller‐Theorem kollektiv über die niedersymmetrischen Netze intermolekularer Wechselwirkungen erfüllt wird.
Artificial-intelligence-driven scanning probe microscopy (2020)

Abstract Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has revolutionized the fields of materials, nano-science, chemistry, and biology, by enabling mapping of surface properties and surface manipulation with atomic precision. However, these achievements require constant human supervision; fully automated SPM has not been accomplished yet. Here we demonstrate an artificial intelligence framework based on machine learning for autonomous SPM operation (DeepSPM). DeepSPM includes an algorithmic search of good sample regions, a convolutional neural network to assess the quality of acquired images, and a deep reinforcement learning agent to reliably condition the state of the probe. DeepSPM is able to acquire and classify data continuously in multi-day scanning tunneling microscopy experiments, managing the probe quality in response to varying experimental conditions. Our approach paves the way for advanced methods hardly feasible by human operation (e.g., large dataset acquisition and SPM-based nanolithography). DeepSPM can be generalized to most SPM techniques, with the source code publicly available.
Simultaneous generation and recording of correlation functions (1968)

This paper describes how recording devices which use an intensity modulated beam of light or electrons directed onto the storage medium in a scanning format may be used to simultaneously generate and record a correlation function. The beam intensity distribution at the recording surface must be specially shaped for this purpose, but other than this conventional linear recording techniques are employed.
Evaluation of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) as a vector of enzootic bovine leukosis (1988)

Experiments reported here were directed at 2 questions: (1) Can the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) transmit enzootic bovine leukosis? (2) Could early viremia augment the probability of transmission by this insect? In one vector experiment, calves and bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cows were housed with and without stable flies. The calves were monitored serologically during a 3-month postexposure period, using the agar gel immunodiffusion test. All fly-infested and fly-free calves remained BLV-seronegative. For a second vector experiment, donor calves, newly injected with blood from BLV-infected cows with high virus expression, were tethered alternately between uninoculated, weaned BLV-seronegative calves. These groups were housed with or without flies in 2 replicate trials. The inoculated calves from the first replicate seroconverted at 16 and 23 days after inoculation; the inoculated calves from the second replicate seroconverted at 11, 16, 16, and 37 days after inoculation. All uninoculated calves remained BLV-seronegative. In a manual transmission experiment, 50 unfed stable flies were allowed to complete a meal on each of 3 BLV-seronegative calves after feeding on a BLV-seropositive cow with high (42%) virus expression. One control calf was injected with blood from the cow. Seroconversion occurred in the control calf and 1 calf on which flies were given access. A scanning electron microscopic study was made of the everted and closed mouth parts of the stable fly. Given the lymphocyte count in blood from the cow used in the manual vector transmission experiment, it was calculated that 3,950 mouth part volumes would be necessary to transmit BLV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unusual coordination number and geometry in a potassium 18-crown-6 complex (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual coordination number and geometry in a potassium 18-crown-6 complexKenneth M. Doxsee, Heidi R. Wierman, and Timothy J. R. WeakleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 13, 5165–5171Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00039a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00039a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views383Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ingestion or Aspiration of Foreign Objects or Toxic Substances ISMP Issues Statement on Use of Metric Measurements Oral Potassium Chloride Overdose Fatal (2012)

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
The Thermal Resistance of<i>Mycobacterium Paratuberculosis</i>in Raw Milk under Conditions Simulating Pasteurization (1993)

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is the etiologic agent of ruminant paratuberculosis, commonly referred to as Johne’s disease. The disease is characterized by a chronic granulomatous ileocolitis that ultimately terminates in diarrhea, weight loss, debilitation, and death. 6 The disease is transmitted among ruminants predominately through feces when animals are at a young age. In the United States, the national disease prevalence has been suggested to be 2.6% of the dairy and 0.8% of the beef cattle, 14 although regional surveys suggest local prevalences of 11-17%. 1,5 Cattle infected with M. paratuberculosis shed organisms in feces often at concentrations approaching 10 8 colony
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPEZIFISCHE TOTALSYNTH. VON D,L‐PROSTAGLANDIN A2 (1972)

Abstract Aus Propargylchlorid (I) und Malonester (II) erhält man über (III) die Carbonsäure (IV), die in Gegenwart von Diimidazol‐sulfoxid mit der Mg‐Verbindung (V) zum Ketoester (VI) kondensiert wird.
Structure–Function Evaluation of Imidazopyridine Derivatives Selective for δ-Subunit-Containing γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABA<sub>A</sub>) Receptors (2018)

δ-Selective compounds 1 and 2 (DS1, compound 22; DS2, compound 16) were introduced as functionally selective modulators of δ-containing GABA type A receptors (GABA<sub>A</sub>R). In our hands, [<sup>3</sup>H]EBOB-binding experiments with recombinant GABA<sub>A</sub>R and compound 22 showed no proof of δ-selectivity, although there was a minimally higher preference for the α4β3δ and α6β2/3δ receptors with respect to potency. In order to delineate the structural determinants of δ preferences, we synthesized 25 derivatives of DS1 and DS2, and investigated their structure-activity relationships (SAR). Four of our derivatives showed selectivity for α6β3δ receptors (29, 38, 39, and 41). For all of them, the major factors that distinguished them from compound 22 were variations at the para-positions of their benzamide groups. However, two compounds (29 and 39), when tested in the presence of GABA, revealed effects at several additional GABA<sub>A</sub>R. The newly synthesized compounds will still serve as useful tools to investigate α6β3δ receptors.
Cryotolerance of lactic acid bacteria is influenced by their passive and active responses to cold stress (2009)

Communication orale sur invitation
THE PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE TO SARS (2004)

Ligand-Gated Ion Channels (LGICs) is one of the largest groups of transmembrane proteins. Due to their major role in synaptic transmission, both in the nervous system and the somatic neuromuscular junction, LGICs present attractive therapeutic targets. During the last few years, several computational methods for the detection of LGICs have been developed. These methods are based on machine learning approaches utilizing features extracted solely from the amino acid composition. Here we report the development of LiGIoNs, a profile Hidden Markov Model (pHMM) method for the prediction and ligand-based classification of LGICs. The method consists of a library of 10 pHMMs, one per LGIC subfamily, built from the alignment of representative LGIC sequences. In addition, 14 Pfam pHMMs are used to further annotate and classify unknown protein sequences into one of the 10 LGIC subfamilies. Evaluation of the method showed that it outperforms existing methods in the detection of LGICs. On top of that, LiGIoNs is the only currently available method that classifies LGICs into subfamilies. The method is available online at http://bioinformatics.biol.uoa.gr/ligions/.