gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutathione contents in human and rodent tumor cells in various phases of the cell cycle. (1988)

Experiments were carried out to investigate whether or not the cell cycle dependent cytotoxicity of adriamycin (ADR) was a consequence of variations in cellular glutathione (GSH) levels in different phases of the cell cycle. The GSH content of a range of rodent and human tumor cell lines, grown both in vivo and in vitro, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Enrichment of cells in various cell cycle phases was accomplished by centrifugal elutriation. The GSH content of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle increased in proportion to the increases in cell volume from G1 to S phase to G2-M. However, the apparent differences in GSH content across the cell cycle were eliminated when GSH content was normalized according to cell volume. This observation held true for all cell lines studied. The cell cycle dependent cytotoxicity of ADR therefore was not related to cell cycle dependent variations in GSH content. Buthionine sulfoximine, a specific inhibitor of GSH synthesis, depleted the GSH of cells in G1, S, and G2-M of the cell cycle by similar rates and enhanced the cytotoxicity of ADR to similar extents. These results suggest that although GSH does confer a significant degree of protection against the toxic effects of ADR in general, the more specific differences in response to ADR across the cell cycle probably were not the consequence of thiol variations but rather the result of other as yet unidentified factors.
Recent Advances on Surrogate Modeling for Robustness Assessment of Structures with respect to Crashworthiness Requirements (2015)

Due to the inherent nonlinearity, crashworthiness is one of the most demanding design cases for vehicle structures. Recent developments have enabled very accurate numerical simulations and corresponding optimizations. Therefore, structural concepts are now much better adapted to the specific requirements. This has led to designs in which redundancies are reduced and highly effective car concepts have been derived. Important questions are then the reliability and the robustness of designs. Reliability addresses probabilities that constraints are violated and robustness assures that performance loss is small due to unavoidable variations. Because there is neither consensus on the precise definitions of robustness and reliability in the field of crashworthiness nor is there a unique understanding of the appropriate numerical methods, this paper first clarifies these aspects. Further an overview of recent research results from PhD theses supervised by the first author is presented. Hereby, special focus is laid on physical surrogate models for robustness assessments. Physical surrogates enable robustness investigations in early design phases considering mainly uncertainties related to lack of knowledge (changes, which occur later in the development process). Solution spaces derived by simplified models, here surrogate models based on lumped mass approaches, allow decoupled development of components. Robustness is achieved here by maximizing these solution spaces, resulting in high design flexibility. Further, an approach for robust design optimization is presented for later development phases based on a trust region and multi-fidelity approach. Low-fidelity models (physical surrogates using equivalent static loads) are used in the explorative phase of the analysis. Manufacturing or load case uncertainties are considered. Special criteria are established to switch to high-fidelity models (nonlinear transient finite element models) whenever necessary during optimization. It is hence possible to include robustness into the optimization with reduced numerical effort.
Finding the optimal variable ordering for binary decision diagrams (1987)

The ordered binary decision diagram is a canonical representation for Boolean functions, presented by Bryant as a compact representation for a broad class of interesting functions derived from circuits. However, the size of the diagram is very sensitive to the choice of ordering on the variables; hence for some applications, such as Differential Cascode Voltage Switch (DCVS) trees, it becomes extremely important to find the ordering leading to the most compact representation. We present an algorithm for this problem with time complexity O(n/sup 2/3/sup n/), an improvement over the previous best, which required O(n!2/sup n/).
Identifying the characteristics of vulnerable code changes: an empirical study (2014)

To focus the efforts of security experts, the goals of this empirical study are to analyze which security vulnerabilities can be discovered by code review, identify characteristics of vulnerable code changes, and identify characteristics of developers likely to introduce vulnerabilities. Using a three-stage manual and automated process, we analyzed 267,046 code review requests from 10 open source projects and identified 413 Vulnerable Code Changes (VCC). Some key results include: (1) code review can identify common types of vulnerabilities; (2) while more experienced contributors authored the majority of the VCCs, the less experienced contributors' changes were 1.8 to 24 times more likely to be vulnerable; (3) the likelihood of a vulnerability increases with the number of lines changed, and (4) modified files are more likely to contain vulnerabilities than new files. Knowing which code changes are more prone to contain vulnerabilities may allow a security expert to concentrate on a smaller subset of submitted code changes. Moreover, we recommend that projects should: (a) create or adapt secure coding guidelines, (b) create a dedicated security review team, (c) ensure detailed comments during review to help knowledge dissemination, and (d) encourage developers to make small, incremental changes rather than large changes.
Direct Design of an Energy Landscape with Bistable DNA Origami Mechanisms (2015)

Structural DNA nanotechnology provides a feasible technique for the design and fabrication of complex geometries even exhibiting controllable dynamic behavior. Recently we have demonstrated the possibility of implementing macroscopic engineering design approaches to construct DNA origami mechanisms (DOM) with programmable motion and tunable flexibility. Here, we implement the design of compliant DNA origami mechanisms to extend from prescribing motion to prescribing an energy landscape. Compliant mechanisms facilitate motion via deformation of components with tunable stiffness resulting in well-defined mechanical energy stored in the structure. We design, fabricate, and characterize a DNA origami nanostructure with an energy landscape defined by two stable states (local energy minima) separated by a designed energy barrier. This nanostructure is a four-bar bistable mechanism with two undeformed states. Traversing between those states requires deformation, and hence mechanical energy storage, in a compliant arm of the linkage. The energy barrier for switching between two states was obtained from the conformational distribution based on a Boltzmann probability function and closely follows a predictive mechanical model. Furthermore, we demonstrated the ability to actuate the mechanism into one stable state via additional DNA inputs and then release the actuation via DNA strand displacement. This controllable multistate system establishes a foundation for direct design of energy landscapes that regulate conformational dynamics similar to biomolecular complexes.
Autoimmunity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Past and Present (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting particularly motor neurons for which no cure or effective treatment is available. Although the cause of ALS remains unknown, accumulative evidence suggests an autoimmune mechanism of pathogenesis. In this paper, we will summarize the current research related to autoimmunity in the sporadic form of ALS and discuss the potential underlying pathogenic mechanisms and perspectives. Presented data supports the view that humoral immune responses against motor nerve terminals can initiate a series of physiological changes leading to alteration of calcium homeostasis. In turn, loss of calcium homeostasis may induce neuronal death through apoptotic signaling pathways. Additional approaches identifying specific molecular features of this hypothesis are required, which will hopefully allow us to develop techniques of early diagnosis and effective therapies.
Ribosome ‐ SRP ‐ signal sequence interactions (1985)

The role of the signal sequence in protein export is reviewed, and some difficulties inherent in the conventional picture of how it interacts with other components of the export machinery are pointed out. An alternative model is suggested, which seems to account better for some of the critical experimental findings made so far.
Study on the Information Security based on E-Commerce (2015)

With the progress of economic globalization and information technology, e-commerce also has made a fast development. Meanwhile, the information security in e-commerce industry is becoming more and more important. This paper described information security issues existing in e-commerce, and provided technology strategy and management system on how to enhance the e-commerce information security.
PAPR Reduction in OFDM using Clipping and Filtering (2012)

Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is an emerging field of research in the field of wireless communication and finds its application where high data rate is required at low latency and better spectral efficiency. Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is the limiting factor for an OFDM system as it degrades the system performance by reducing SQNR of ADC/DAC as well as affects transmitter amplifier. There are many techniques to overcome the problem of PAPR like Clipping and Filtering, Coding Technique, Scrambling Technique and many more. In this paper we discussed clipping and filtering technique which is easy to implement and reduces the amount of PAPR by clipping the peak of the maximum power signal. Moreover, analysis of PAPR is given by varying different parameters. Key word: OFDM • wireless communication • PAPR • SQNR • clipping and filtering
Phase 2 Trial of the Continuous IV Administration of Interferon‐β in Patients With Disseminated Malignant Melanoma (2006)

Continuous IV interferon-beta had no significant effect on overall patient outcome in a group of patients with advanced malignant melanoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the continuous IV administration of interferon-beta in patients with advanced malignant melanoma.
<title>Gallium Arsenide Infrared Windows For High-Speed Airborne Applications</title> (1982)

Large (7- by 16-inch) plates of semi-insulating gallium arsenide suitable for use as external infrared transmitting windows were grown using a unique compounding process. The plates were grown in an open tube system, the gallium arsenide being solidified from a stoichiometric melt. Detailed growth conditions are discussed. The optical and physical properties of this material are compared with other candidate infrared (IR) optical materials. In addition, some results of captive flight tests comparing gallium arsenide with germanium are given.
Molecular genetic analysis of the <i>APEX nuclease</i> gene in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1999)

We analyzed genomic DNA from ALS patients for mutations in the apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APEX nuclease) gene. We identified three rare polymorphisms in the untranslated region of the gene and one common two-allele polymorphism (D148E). The allelic frequency D148E was significantly different in sporadic ALS patients compared with controls. A conserved amino acid change and a 4-base pair deletion were also identified in sporadic ALS patients. These data suggest that APEX nuclease may contribute to the etiology of ALS.
Novel Virtual Environment for Alternative Treatment of Children with Cerebral Palsy (2016)

Cerebral palsy is a severe condition usually caused by decreased brain oxygenation during pregnancy, at birth or soon after birth. Conventional treatments for cerebral palsy are often tiresome and expensive, leading patients to quit treatment. In this paper, we describe a virtual environment for patients to engage in a playful therapeutic game for neuropsychomotor rehabilitation, based on the experience of the occupational therapy program of the Nucleus for Integrated Medical Assistance (NAMI) at the University of Fortaleza, Brazil. Integration between patient and virtual environment occurs through the hand motion sensor "Leap Motion," plus the electroencephalographic sensor "MindWave," responsible for measuring attention levels during task execution. To evaluate the virtual environment, eight clinical experts on cerebral palsy were subjected to a questionnaire regarding the potential of the experimental virtual environment to promote cognitive and motor rehabilitation, as well as the potential of the treatment to enhance risks and/or negatively influence the patient's development. Based on the very positive appraisal of the experts, we propose that the experimental virtual environment is a promising alternative tool for the rehabilitation of children with cerebral palsy.
UBPY-mediated Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) De-ubiquitination Promotes EGFR Degradation (2006)

Whereas poly-ubiquitination targets protein substrates for proteasomal degradation, mono-ubiquitination is known to regulate protein trafficking in the endosomal system and to target cargo proteins for lysosomal degradation. The role of the de-ubiquitinating enzymes AMSH and UBPY in endosomal trafficking of cargo proteins such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has only very recently been the subject of study and is already a matter of debate. Although one report (Mizuno, E., Iura, T., Mukai, A., Yoshimori, T., Kitamura, N., and Komada, M. (2005) Mol. Biol. Cell 16, 5163-5174) concludes that UBPY negatively regulates EGFR degradation by de-ubiquitinating the EGFR on endosomes, another report (Row, P. E., Prior, I. A., McCullough, J., Clague, M. J., and Urbe, S. (2006) J. Biol. Chem. 281, 12618-12624) concludes that UBPY-mediated EGFR de-ubiquitination is essential for EGFR degradation. Here, we demonstrate that Usp8/UBPY, the mammalian ortholog of budding yeast Ubp4/Doa4, constitutively co-precipitates in a bivalent manner with the EGFR. Moreover, UBPY is a substrate for Src-family tyrosine kinases that are activated after ligand-induced EGFR activation. Using overexpression of three different recombinant dominant negative UBPY mutants (UBPY C748A mutant, UBPY 1-505, and UBPY 640-1080) in NIH3T3 and HEK293 cells, we demonstrate that UBPY affects both constitutive and ligand-induced (i) EGFR ubiquitination, (ii) EGFR expression levels, and (iii) the appearance of intermediate EGFR degradation products as well as (iv) downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction. Our findings provide further evidence in favor of the model that UBPY-mediated EGFR de-ubiquitination promotes EGFR degradation.
Implementation of a mandatory checklist of protocols and objectives improves compliance with a wide range of evidence-based intensive care unit practices (2009)

Objective: To determine a) if a checklist covering a diverse group of intensive care unit protocols and objectives would improve clinician consideration of these domains and b) if improved consideration would change practice patterns. Design: Pre- and postobservational study. Setting: A 24-bed surgical/burn/trauma intensive care unit in a teaching hospital. Patients: A total of 1399 patients admitted between June 2006 and May 2007. Interventions: The first component of the study evaluated whether mandating verbal review of a checklist covering 14 intensive care unit best practices altered verbal consideration of these domains. Evaluation was performed using real-time bedside audits on morning rounds. The second component evaluated whether the checklist altered implementation of these domains by changing practice patterns. Evaluation was performed by analyzing data from the Project IMPACT database after patients left the intensive care unit. Measurements and Main Results: Verbal consideration of evaluable domains improved from 90.9% (530/583) to 99.7% (669/671,p< .0001) after verbal review of the checklist was mandated. Bedside consideration improved on the use of deep venous thrombosis prophylaxis (p< .05), stress ulcer prophylaxis (p< .01), oral care for ventilated patients (p< 0.01), electrolyte repletion (p< .01), initiation of physical therapy (p< .05), and documentation of restraint orders (p< .0001). Mandatory verbal review of the checklist resulted in a greater than two-fold increase in transferring patients out of the intensive care unit on telemetry (16% vs. 35%,p< .0001) and initiation of physical therapy (28% vs. 42%,p< .0001) compared with baseline practice. Conclusions: A mandatory verbal review of a checklist covering a wide range of objectives and goals at each patient's bedside is an effective method to improve both consideration and implementation of intensive care unit best practices. A bedside checklist is a simple, cost-effective method to prevent errors of omission in basic domains of intensive care unit management that might otherwise be forgotten in the setting of more urgent care requirements.
JUMPA Vol.2 No.3 Okt 2015 ANALISIS PENGARUH FIXED ASSET RATIO (FAR), LIKUIDITAS (CR), RETAINED EARNING (RE), RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) TERHADAP STRUKTUR MODAL (2015)

This research is performed in order to test the influence of variable, Fixed Asset Ratio (FAR), Likuiditas (CR), Retained Earning (RE) and Return On Asset (ROA), on Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), comparation company in the BEI LQ 45 during period 2011-2014. Methodology research as the sample used purposive sampling with criteria as (1). The Company listed to the BEI LQ45 during research period (2011- 2014); (2). The Company always showed financial report during research period (2011-2014); (3). Having complete data which suitable for the research. The data based on publicity ICMD since 2011-2014. Analysis technic with multilinier regression of polled data and hypotheses test used t-statisic and f-statistic at level of significance 5%. Results of analysis showed that the predictive ability of the four independent variables (FAR, CR, RE, ROA) is 55.2% and it shown by adjusted R2value. Based on the test statistic F indicates that the variables FAR, CR, RE ROA simultantly affect DER on companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2011-2014 because has a significance value less than 5% of Alpha value. Meanwhile, based on statistical t test showed that the ROA and RE is negative and significant impact of DER because it has a significance value less than 5% of Alpha value.
Low threshold highly efficient strained quantum well lasers at 1.5 micrometre wavelength (1990)

Low threshold and high efficiency operation of strained layer multiple quantum well InGaAs/InGaAsP lasers at 1.5 micrometres wavelength is demonstrated. Current thresholds as low as 2.2 mA with threshold current densities of 440 A/cm2 have been obtained. With 7.3 mA threshold current, quantum efficiency was 65%/front facet. At 20 mW CW output power the drive current was as low as 53 mA.
The state of the practice of software engineering (2003)

The article is concerned with the state of the practice of software engineering. The article describes the state of software practice circa late 2003. What it does not do is prescribe what the state of software's practice ought to be. There's a reason for sticking to description rather than prescription. For most of software engineering's history, authors have eagerly told practitioners what they ought to be doing. But rarely have those "oughts" been predicated on what practitioners actually are doing. The article aims to provide a baseline definition of practice, so that future authors who want to prescribe can at least have a description of what they're prescribing for.
SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF TWO CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES BY PNEUMOCOCCUS (1959)

Study of the capsular genome of pneumococcus has shown that it controls a multiplicity of biochemical reactions essential to the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide. Mutation affecting any one of several biochemical reactions concerned with capsular synthesis may result in loss of capsulation without alteration of other biochemical functions similarly concerned. Mutations affecting the synthesis of uronic acids are an important cause of loss of capsulation and of virulence by strains of pneumococcus Type I and Type III. The capsular genome appears to have a specific location in the total genome of the cell, this locus being occupied by the capsular genome of whatever capsular type is expressed by the cell. Transformation of capsulated or of non-capsulated pneumococci to heterologous capsular type results probably from a genetic exchange followed by the development of a new biosynthetic pathway in the transformed cell. The new capsular genome is transferred to the transformed cell as a single particle of DNA. Binary capsulation results from the simultaneous presence within the pneumococcal cell of two capsular genomes, one mutated, the other normal. Interaction between the biochemical pathways controlled by the two capsular genomes leads to augmentation of the phenotypic expression of the product controlled by one and to partial suppression of the product determined by the other. Knowledge of the biochemical basis of binary capsulation can be used to indicate the presence of uronic acid in the capsular polysaccharide of a pneurnococcal type the composition of the capsule of which is unknown.
Surface Material Perception Through Multimodal Learning (2022)

Accurately perceiving object surface material is critical for scene understanding and robotic manipulation. However, it is ill-posed because the imaging process entangles material, lighting, and geometry in a complex way. Appearance-based methods cannot disentangle lighting and geometry variance and have difficulties in textureless regions. We propose a novel multimodal fusion method for surface material perception using the depth camera shooting structured laser dots. The captured active infrared image was decomposed into diffusive and dot modalities and their connection with different material optical properties (i.e. reflection and scattering) were revealed separately. The geometry modality, which helps to disentangle material properties from geometry variations, is derived from the rendering equation and calculated based on the depth image obtained from the structured light camera. Further, together with the texture feature learned from the gray modality, a multimodal learning method is proposed for material perception. Experiments on synthesized and captured datasets validate the orthogonality of learned features. The final fusion method achieves 92.5% material accuracy, superior to state-of-the-art appearance-based methods (78.4%).
Reachability Analysis and its Application to the Safety Assessment of Autonomous Cars (2010)

for improving this thesis.I am especially delighted that Prof. Thao Dang from the research center Verimag in Grenoble