gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Basic Emotional Impact of Environments (1974)

Available literature provides ample evidence that there are basic responses which are elicited by stimuli but which are independent of sense-modality distinctions. Everyday observations of intermodality associations, studies of synesthesia and of physiological reactions to different stimuli, and semantic differential studies all showed evidence of such primary responses. Semantic differential studies, in particular, have shown that human judgments of diverse samples of stimuli can be characterized in terms of three dimensions: evaluation, activity, and potency. We have termed the corresponding emotional responses pleasure, arousal, and dominance. Simple self-report measures of these emotional reactions were developed by using questionnaire studies in which Ss described a variety of situations using semantic-differential type scales.
[Identification of Animal Whole Blood Based on Near Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy]. (2016)

The inspection and classification for blood products are important but complicated in import-export ports or inspection and quarantine departments. For the inspection of whole blood products, open sampling can cause pollution and virulence factors in bloods samples may even endanger inspectors. Thus non-contact classification and identification methods for whole bloods of animals are needed. Spectroscopic techniques adopted in the flowcytometry need sampling blood cells during the detection; therefore they can not meet the demand of non-contact identification and classification for whole bloods of animals. Infrared absorption spectroscopy is a technique that can be used to analyze the molecular structure and chemical bonds of detected samples under the condition of non-contact. To find a feasible spectroscopic approach of non-contact detection for the species variation in whole blood samples, a near infrared transmitted spectra (NITS, 4 497.669 - 7 506.4 cm(-1)) experiment of whole blood samples of three common animals including chickens, dogs and cats has been conducted. During the experiment, the spectroscopic resolution is 5 cm(-1), and each spectrogram is an average of 5 measured spectral data. Experimental results show that all samples have a sharp absorption peak between 5 184 and 5 215 cm(-1), and a gentle absorption peak near 7 000 cm(-1). Besides, the NITS curves of different samples of same animals are similar, and only have slight differences in the whole transmittance. A correlation coefficient (CC) is induced to distinguish the differences of the three animals' whole bloods in NITS curves, and the computed CCs between NITS curves of different samples of the same animals, are greater than 0.99, whereas CCs between NITS curves of the whole bloods of different animals are from 0.509 48 to 0.916 13. Among which CCs between NITS curves of the whole bloods of chickens and cats are from 0.857 23 to 0.912 44, CCs between NITS curves of the whole bloods of chickens and dogs are from 0.509 48 to 0.664 82, and CCs between NITS curves of the whole bloods of cats and dogs are from 0.872 75 to 0.916 13. The cat and the dog belong to the class of mammal, and the CCs between their whole bloods NITS curves are greater than those between chickens and cats, or chickens and dogs, which are hetero-class animals. Namely, the whole bloods NITS curves of the cat and the dog have higher similarity. These results of NITS provide a feasible method of non-contact identification of animal whole bloods.
Algorithmic Results in List Decoding (2007)

Error-correcting codes are used to cope with the corruption of data by noise during communication or storage. A code uses an encoding procedure that judiciously introduces redundancy into the data to produce an associated codeword. The redundancy built into the codewords enables one to decode the original data even from a somewhat distorted version of the codeword. The central trade-off in coding theory is the one between the data rate (amount of non-redundant information per bit of codeword) and the error rate (the fraction of symbols that could be corrupted while still enabling data recovery). The traditional decoding algorithms did as badly at correcting any error pattern as they would do for the worst possible error pattern. This severely limited the maximum fraction of errors those algorithms could tolerate. In turn, this was the source of a big hiatus between the error-correction performance known for probabilistic noise models (pioneered by Shannon) and what was thought to be the limit for the more powerful, worst-case noise models (suggested by Hamming). In the last decade or so, there has been much algorithmic progress in coding theory that has bridged this gap (and in fact nearly eliminated it for codes over large alphabets). These developments rely on an error-recovery model called “list decoding,” wherein for the pathological error patterns, the decoder is permitted to output a small list of candidates that will include the original message. This book introduces and motivates the problem of list decoding, and discusses the central algorithmic results of the subject, culminating with the recent results on achieving “list decoding capacity.”
Microencapsulation of Essential Oils within Alginate: Formulation and &lt;i&gt;in Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Evaluation of Antifungal Activity (2013)

Essential oils (EOs) are the volatile lipophilic components extracted from plants. Many EOs have demonstrated strong antimicrobial properties when tested in in vitro experiments. The commercial applications of these EOs require a suitable formulation constituted by biodegradable compounds that protect them from degradation and evaporation at the same time that allows for a sustained release. The objective of this study was therefore to reduce the rate of evaporation of the oil via microencapsulation. Alginate microspheres (AMSs) were prepared using emulsion extrusion method. The AMSs were hardened with a cross-linking agent, calcium chloride. The effects of the three variables: alginate concentration (0.5% - 8%), the amount of cross-linking agent (0.125% - 2%) and time of cross-linking (5 - 30 min.) on loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency (EE, %) were studied. The effect of the amount of cross-linker was significant on loading capacity (%) and EE (%). The AMSs under the optimized conditions provided loading capacity of 22% - 24% and EE of 90% - 94% based on type of EO. The antifungal activity of vapors of microencapsulated and non-microencapsulated oils were evaluated against two of pathogenic fungi species for stored grains: Aspergillus niger and Fusarium verticillioides. The optimized MSs were observed to have a sustained in vitro release profile (50% of the antifungal activity was maintained at the 8th day of the study). In conclusion, encapsulation in Ca-alginate microspheres may effectively reduce the evaporation rate of essential oils, thus increase the potential antifungal activity.
Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analyses of ether-linked lysophosphatidic acid and its analogues (1986)

Ether-linked lysophosphatidic acids were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry as trimethylsilyl derivatives without hydrolytic pretreatment. Application of the direct derivatization followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was expanded to analyses of various analogues of ether-linked lysophosphatidic acids in which chemical groups attached at the sn-2-position of the glycerol moiety and to the phosphate portion were modified.
Visual tracking manipulator with redundancy and its application to robotic wheel assembly (2002)

A new wheel assembly automation system is proposed which assembles a wheel into a hub on a car body on a moving hanger in the car manufacturing line. A vision system is used to track the position of the hub on the moving hanger A macro-micro structure is applied to increase a system bandwidth and accuracy to meet an insertion tolerance. The redundancy problem is solved without complicated calculations by assigning different functions that the macro manipulator tracks a velocity error and the micro regulates the position error. Experimental results show that the proposed system can be applied to the wheel assembly task on a moving hanger in the car manufacturing line.
TCM Database@Taiwan: The World's Largest Traditional Chinese Medicine Database for Drug Screening In Silico (2011)

Rapid advancing computational technologies have greatly speeded up the development of computer-aided drug design (CADD). Recently, pharmaceutical companies have increasingly shifted their attentions toward traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for novel lead compounds. Despite the growing number of studies on TCM, there is no free 3D small molecular structure database of TCM available for virtual screening or molecular simulation. To address this shortcoming, we have constructed TCM Database@Taiwan (http://tcm.cmu.edu.tw/) based on information collected from Chinese medical texts and scientific publications. TCM Database@Taiwan is currently the world's largest non-commercial TCM database. This web-based database contains more than 20,000 pure compounds isolated from 453 TCM ingredients. Both cdx (2D) and Tripos mol2 (3D) formats of each pure compound in the database are available for download and virtual screening. The TCM database includes both simple and advanced web-based query options that can specify search clauses, such as molecular properties, substructures, TCM ingredients, and TCM classification, based on intended drug actions. The TCM database can be easily accessed by all researchers conducting CADD. Over the last eight years, numerous volunteers have devoted their time to analyze TCM ingredients from Chinese medical texts as well as to construct structure files for each isolated compound. We believe that TCM Database@Taiwan will be a milestone on the path towards modernizing traditional Chinese medicine.
Automatic stitching of micrographs using local features (2010)

Combination of single images to panoramic views is a popular application of image stitching in digital photography. By applying the same principle to micrographs, a number of common limitations of microscopes such as aberrations or limited depth of field may be overcome. This paper adapts recent methods of image registration for different application areas in light- and electron microscopy. Especially the suitability of SIFT and SURF features for micrograph correspondence analysis is in the focus of investigations. Test scenarios covering a wide range of magnifications and image contents are discussed. Additionally, the acquisition of the single scans and finally the complete generation of high-resolution panoramic micrographs may be automated. The proposed system is not only suitable as a tool for surface inspections, but also as a navigational aid for micro-and nanorobotic applications.
The Sacred Site and the Vandal (1985)

Some hundred kilometres south of the Musgrave Ranges there is a large cave that, since the Dreamtime, has been of great importance to 'Wati Tjala', the people of the honey-ant totem. Almost hidden by tall fig bushes, it is sacred for three reasons: it is the final site on the long track of the 'Tjala' spirit ancestors; it is used for sacred ceremony; and it is the permanent resting place for 'Tjala' sacred objects. A stranger would have no way of knowing that every stone and tree near the cave is sacred. However, despite its lack of ochre decorations, no one from any culture could fail to recognise this cave as a living ceremonial site of tremendous significance.
Summary and Reports from Veterans (1987)

Over the months of writing this book, one major change in the social approach to those with AIDS and HIV infection has occurred: a Government-sponsored education campaign has emphasised that AIDS is not a ‘gay disease’. All sexually active persons with more than one partner are potentially at risk of exposure to this infection if they do not take personal responsibility for infection control and use condoms and lubricants. However, rather than providing a reassuring message for the general population, many have been frightened and new fuel has been added to the arguments of the ‘moral right’ in their denunciation of those persons most at risk of future infection and disease. So, despite the recent Government involvement, there is more than ever a need for sober and clear discussion of the facts of HIV and its (personal) management.
Magnetic resonance imaging reflects the chemical changes of aging degeneration in the human intervertebral disk. (1991)

T2 weighed spin echo magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the intervertebral disks of 4 lumbar spines were graded and the nuclei pulposi were analyzed for water, collagen and proteoglycan. The brightness of the nuclear image correlated directly with the proteoglycan concentration, but not with the water or collagen. The dark midnuclear cleft had a collagen concentration slightly higher and a water concentration slightly lower than the adjacent zones; no corresponding differences in proteoglycan were seen, although the relationship with MRI grade was confirmed.
Threshold Microwave-Field Amplitude for the Unstable Growth of Spin Waves under Oblique Pumping (1969)

The threshold microwave-field amplitude hcrit required for the unstable growth of spin waves has been investigated for oblique pumping with a linearly polarized microwave field applied at an arbitrary angle with respect to the static magnetic field. The experiment was performed on YIG (1% Dy) spheres at 9.2 GHz, using a rectangular TE102 cavity and a pulsed magnetron source. Data were obtained at static external fields of 400, 600, 1100, and 1500 Oe. In general, hcrit increases with the pump angle. Theoretical expressions for the oblique pumping hcrit have been derived for ferromagnetic insulators of ellipsoidal shape and with axial symmetry about the direction of the static magnetic field sufficient to saturate the sample. The threshold field is determined by maximizing 1/h=cosψ/h∥±sinψ/h⊥ with respect to the angle between the internal field and the spin-wave propagation direction. Here, h∥ and h⊥ are the parallel and perpendicular pump threshold fields of Schlömann and Suhl. For external fields sufficient to magnetize the spherical samples to saturation, the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the experimental data. For small fields, the agreement is poor. However, fair agreement is obtained by assuming a transverse demagnetizing factor Nt greater than the value of ⅓, which is appropriate for saturated spherical samples. The value of Nt for the best theoretical fit depends on the way in which the sample is demagnetized. This result indicates that for samples not magnetized to saturation, the magnetic structure consists of elongated domains, and that the oblique-pumping data can be explained from the theory for saturated systems, assuming demagnetizing factors appropriate to the domain structure.
Endangered Rights and Engendered Development -Gendered Critique of the Discourse or Human Rights and Development (2006)

No abstract
The ageing brain: normal and abnormal memory (1997)

With advancing age, the majority of individuals experience declines in their ability to learn and remember. An examination of brain structure and function in healthy older persons across the age range indicates that there are substantial changes in the brain that appear to be related to alterations in memory. The nature of the cognitive and neurobiological alterations associated with age-related change is substantially different from that seen in the early stages of a dementing illness, such as Alzheimer's disease. These differences have implications for potential intervention strategies.
Retinoic acid signalling during development (2012)

Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A-derived, non-peptidic, small lipophilic molecule that acts as ligand for nuclear RA receptors (RARs), converting them from transcriptional repressors to activators. The distribution and levels of RA in embryonic tissues are tightly controlled by regulated synthesis through the action of specific retinol and retinaldehyde dehydrogenases and by degradation via specific cytochrome P450s (CYP26s). Recent studies indicate that RA action involves an interplay between diffusion (morphogen-like) gradients and the establishment of signalling boundaries due to RA metabolism, thereby allowing RA to finely control the differentiation and patterning of various stem/progenitor cell populations. Here, we provide an overview of the RA biosynthesis, degradation and signalling pathways and review the main functions of this molecule during embryogenesis.
Investigation of the Phase Transition in ZrTiO <sub>4</sub> and ZrTiO <sub>4</sub> ‐SnO <sub>2</sub> Solid Solutions (1983)

Continuous phase transitions were found to occur in ZrTiO 4 above and below a major discontinuity at 1125°±10°C. The space group of both forms of ZrTiO 4 is Pcnb. For specimens quenched from high temperatures, the volume of the unit cell decreases linearly from ∼1450°C to the discontinuity, with the major change occurring in the c axis. The volume decreases considerably at this temperature and continues to decrease with lower‐temperature annealing. Substitutional tin in solid solution stabilizes the high‐temperature structure type.
A rule-based software engineering tool for code analysis (2003)

A rule-based software engineering tool is described that was developed for analyzing a large system of modules implemented in the Pascal language. It was used to create an intermodule cross-reference database for the system, a directed graph of procedure and function calls representing a high-level control-flow model of the system, and a collection of reports containing metric information about the source code of each module in the system. The design of this software engineering tool and the benefits derived from using its output are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Personality Consistency in Dogs: A Meta-Analysis (2013)

Personality, or consistent individual differences in behavior, is well established in studies of dogs. Such consistency implies predictability of behavior, but some recent research suggests that predictability cannot be assumed. In addition, anecdotally, many dog experts believe that 'puppy tests' measuring behavior during the first year of a dog's life are not accurate indicators of subsequent adult behavior. Personality consistency in dogs is an important aspect of human-dog relationships (e.g., when selecting dogs suitable for substance-detection work or placement in a family). Here we perform the first comprehensive meta-analysis of studies reporting estimates of temporal consistency of dog personality. A thorough literature search identified 31 studies suitable for inclusion in our meta-analysis. Overall, we found evidence to suggest substantial consistency (r = 0.43). Furthermore, personality consistency was higher in older dogs, when behavioral assessment intervals were shorter, and when the measurement tool was exactly the same in both assessments. In puppies, aggression and submissiveness were the most consistent dimensions, while responsiveness to training, fearfulness, and sociability were the least consistent dimensions. In adult dogs, there were no dimension-based differences in consistency. There was no difference in personality consistency in dogs tested first as puppies and later as adults (e.g., 'puppy tests') versus dogs tested first as puppies and later again as puppies. Finally, there were no differences in consistency between working versus non-working dogs, between behavioral codings versus behavioral ratings, and between aggregate versus single measures. Implications for theory, practice, and future research are discussed.
Application of Karhunen-Loeve transform in nuclear cardiology: spatio-temporal smoothing and quantitative image analysis (2002)

Advances in computer technology and software have created new opportunities for nuclear cardiology. Image analysis is becoming more and more rapid and easier to perform, and many different methods of imaging are available now. Given this situation, the diagnostic value of any proposed method is the main criteria for its usefulness. Previous studies showed the superiority of Karhunen-Loeve transform (KLT) over first harmonic Fourier analysis-currently the method most often used for parametric imaging in RNV. In this study the authors revised their previous results concerning the accuracy of spatio-temporal smoothing of image sequences by using KLT and assessed the potential of exercise RNV combined with KLT for quantitative analysis of left ventricular contraction.
Pupil Size as Related to Interest Value of Visual Stimuli (1960)

Increases in the size of the pupil of the eye have been found to accompany the viewing of emotionally toned or interesting visual stimuli. A technique for recording such changes has been developed, and preliminary results with cats and human beings are reported with attention being given to differences between the sexes in response to particular types of material.
Vilsmeier reactions of porphyrins and chlorins with 3-(dimethylamino)acrolein to give meso-(2-formylvinyl)porphyrins: new syntheses of benzochlorins, benzoisobacteriochlorins, and benzobacteriochlorins and reductive coupling of porphyrins and chlorins using low-valent titanium complexes (1991)

Vilsmeier reactions between nickel(II) or copper(II) porphyrins or chlorins and 3-(dimethylamino)- acrolein/phosphoryl chloride (3-DMA/POCI3) are described. For example, copper(II) octaethylporphyrin 5 affords the meso-(2-formylvinyl) derivative 7, which cyclizes in strong acid to give the benzochlorin 10. Treatment of the nickel(II) benzochlorin 9 with 3-DMA/POCl3 gives the meso-(2-formylvinyl) derivative 14, which is cyclized in acid to give the dibenzoisobacteriochlorin 16. Prolonged treatment of nickel(II) octaethylporphyrin (4) with 3-DMA/POCl3 gives the disubstituted compound 17 in which the acrolein substituents are on adjacent rather than opposite meso positions. Acid-promoted cyclization of 17 afforded the monocyclized product 15 as well as the dibenzobacteriochlorin 18. The reaction is extended to obtain spiro benzochlorins (37,38) from (tetrabutano- and -pentanoporphyrinato)nickel(II) complexes, as well as benzoisobacteriochlorins (e.g., 28,29) from nickel(II) mesochlorin e6 trimethyl ester (19) and nickel(II) octaethylchlorin (26), respectively. Nickel(II) deuteroporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (11) also affords benzochlorins (12, 13) resulting from the corresponding meso-(2-formylvinyl)porphyrin. A centrally chelated metal is shown to be essential in order to accomplish cyclization of the 2-formylvinyl substituents to afford benzo derivatives. Porphyrin and chlorin dimers joined by one or three carbon-carbon double bond linkages are formed in good yields via reductive coupling by low valent titanium complexes of nickel(II) or copper(II) porphyrins or chlorins containing a formyl or an acrolein side chain. For example, nickel(II) α-(formylvinyl)octaethylporphyrin (6) reacts with the active titanium reagent to produce dimer 48 in 96% yield. When two different porphyrins or chlorins are cross-reacted under the same conditions, a mixture of products is obtained. The acrolein group seems to be more reactive in reductive coupling reactions than does the corresponding formyl substituent. © 1991, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Modeling response time of SOAP over Http (2005)

The response time of SOAP invocation over Http is an important designing factor and evaluating metric for QoS and Web services related computing. This paper presents a novel model to compute response time of SOAP over Http/1.1. It takes several influencing parameters into account, including compression methods, maximum segment size, round trip time, initial value of time-out sequence, the number of packets per ACK, maximum congestion control window size and packet loss rate. How to set these parameters to compute the response time of SOAP over Http/1.1 is illustrated and the model is validated with TPC-H benchmark based simulation data.