gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review on Properties, Opportunities, and Challenges of Transformer Oil-Based Nanofluids (2016)

The mineral oil or synthetic oil in conjunction with paper is mainly being applied as dielectric medium in many of the high voltage apparatus. However, the advent of high voltage levels such high voltage alternating current (HVAC) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) has prompted researchers to direct their focus onto an insulation system which can bear the rising high voltage levels. The modern insulating liquid material development is guided by various factors such as high electrical insulation requirements and other safety and economic considerations. Therefore transformer manufacturer companies have to design transformers with these new specific requirements. The transformer oil-based nanofluids with improved dielectric and thermal properties have the potential to replace mineral oil base products in the market place. They are favorable because they function more superior than mineral oil and they contribute definite insulating and thermal gains. This paper reviews recent status of nanofluids use as transformer oils. The nanofluids used as transformer oils are presented and their advantages are described in comparison with mineral oil. The multiple experimental works carried out by different researchers are described, providing an overview of the current research conducted on nanofluids. In addition scope and challenges being confronted in this area of research are clearly presented.
Mapping the Binding Site of the Neuroprotectant Ifenprodil on NMDA Receptors (2002)

Ifenprodil is a noncompetitive antagonist of NMDA receptors highly selective for the NMDA receptor 2B (NR2B) subunit. It is widely used as a pharmacological tool to discriminate subpopulations of NMDA receptors, and derivatives are currently being developed as candidate neuroprotectants. Despite numerous studies on the mechanism of action of ifenprodil on NMDA receptors, the structural determinants responsible for the subunit selectivity have not been identified. By combining functional studies on recombinant NMDA receptors and biochemical studies on isolated domains, we now show that ifenprodil binds to the N-terminal leucine/isoleucine/valine-binding protein (LIVBP)-like domain of NR2B. In this domain, several residues, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, were found to control ifenprodil inhibition. Their location in a modeled three-dimensional structure suggests that ifenprodil binds in the cleft of the LIVBP-like domain of NR2B by a mechanism (Venus-flytrap) resembling that of the binding of Zn on the LIVBP-like domain of NR2A. These results reinforce the proposal that the LIVBP-like domains of NMDA receptors, and possibly of other ionotropic glutamate receptors, bind modulatory ligands. Moreover, they identify the LIVBP-like domain of the NR2B subunit as a promising therapeutic target and provide a framework for designing structurally novel NR2B-selective antagonists.
Axioms are Objects, too - Ontology Engineering beyond the Modeling of Concepts and Relations (2000)

This papers presents a new approach for modeling large-scale ontologies. We extend well-established methods for modeling concepts and relations by transportable methods for modeling ontological axioms. The gist of our approach lies in the way we treat the majority of axioms. They are categorized into different types and specified as complex objects that refer to concepts and relations. Considering language and system particularities, this first layer of representation is then translated into the target representation language. This two-layer approach benefits engineering, because the intended meaning of axioms is captured by the categorization of axioms. Classified object representations allow for versatile access to and manipulations of axioms via graphical user interfaces. 1
The Dependence of Graphene Raman D-band on Carrier Density (2013)

Raman spectroscopy has been an integral part of graphene research and can provide information about graphene structure, electronic characteristics, and electron-phonon interactions. In this study, the characteristics of the graphene Raman D-band, which vary with carrier density, are studied in detail, including the frequency, full width half-maximum, and intensity. We find the Raman D-band frequency increases for hole doping and decreases for electron doping. The Raman D-band intensity increases when the Fermi level approaches half of the excitation energy and is higher in the case of electron doping than that of hole doping. These variations can be explained by electron-phonon interaction theory and quantum interference between different Raman pathways in graphene. The intensity ratio of Raman D- and G-band, which is important for defects characterization in graphene, shows a strong dependence on carrier density.
A novel multiple membrane blood-feeding system for investigating and maintaining <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Aedes albopictus</i> mosquitoes (2014)

A novel multiple membrane blood-feeding system for mosquitoes has been developed for the study and routine maintenance of Aedes aegypti L. and Aedes albopictus Skuse that require a meal of vertebrate blood to produce eggs. This blood-feeding system uses cattle collagen sausage-casing membrane to facilitate feeding. The efficiency of this blood-feeding system was compared to a live mice blood source. We observed that Ae. aegypti that fed on pig whole blood had 89.7% (w/o ATP) and 90.7% (w/ ATP) blood-feeding rates, which were not significantly different from the mice-fed ones (98.0%). Ae. albopictus fed on pig whole blood (w/ ATP) had a success rate of 84.4%, which was significantly different from the mice-fed mosquitoes (51.1%). The feeding rates did not differ between sausage-casing membrane and Parafilm-M(®). The survival rate, fecundity, pupation, and pupal emergence rates of Aedes females fed on pig whole blood were not significantly different from the mice-fed ones. The artificial blood feeder can be applied to replace live animals as blood sources. Considering that this simple, inexpensive, convenient, and efficient feeding device can be built with common laboratory materials for research on Aedes mosquitoes.
Clinical Equivalence of Generic and Brand-Name Drugs Used in Cardiovascular Disease (2008)

Whereas evidence does not support the notion that brand-name drugs used in cardiovascular disease are superior to generic drugs, a substantial number of editorials counsel against the interchangeability of generic drugs.
Holiday (2002)

Holiday Get access Brooke Clark Brooke Clark Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Literary Imagination, Volume 4, Issue 3, Fall 2002, Page 352, https://doi.org/10.1093/litimag/4.3.352 Published: 01 October 2002
Synthesis of the Exosporium During Sporulation of Bacillus cereus (1984)

Techniques of antigenic analysis were used to examine the synthesis of the exosporium during sporulation of Bacillus cereus. An antiserum to a soluble extract of exosporium from mature spores was used to analyse extracts of cells from various stages of the Bacillus life cycle by the technique of one-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis. Exosporium antigens were absent from vegetative cell extracts and were first detected in extracts of cells at stage III of sporulation, where they appeared simultaneously in the soluble and particulate cellular fractions. The results indicate that the exosporium contains antigens which are spore specific.
Muscarinic Agonists and the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease (1997)

Muscarinic Agonists and the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease edited by Abraham Fisher , 193 pp., ill., Austin, TX, R.G. Landes 1996, $79.95.

Although the search for adequate treatment of Alzheimer's disease has been frustrating, a modest response to tacrine and new cholinesterase inhibitors has been partial vindication for therapy based on the cholinergic hypothesis. Evidence that postsynaptic muscarinic receptors are relatively preserved in Alzheimer's disease suggests that cholinergic …
Diagnostic Controversies in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (2004)

Adult ADHD remains a clinical diagnosis. Clinicians should be flexible in application of the current ADHD criteria to adults. Additional research is required to validate adult diagnostic criteria.
Multi-component laminate moulding (MLM) (2005)

Multi-component laminate moulding (MLM) is a novel injection moulding process that can produce multilayered injection mouldings from at least two thermoplastic compounds. The principle of the process and initial results were presented at the PPE meeting in 2003. The present study will describe recent developments in the process and the results from moulding trials carried out on combinations of thermoplastics including several engineering thermoplastic compounds. The discussion will highlight the potential benefits of the technology. Reference will be made to the relationship between the mechanical properties and the level of compatibility between the separate components. An assessment of the potential cost saving from the use of the MLM process with engineering resins will also be presented.
Managing Heterogeneous Access Networks Coordinated policy based decision engines for mobility management (2007)

Next generation networks will consist of heterogeneous access networks and will provide a variety of services. In such an environment the question of the assignment of terminals to access networks and mobility management becomes a challenging problem. This is especially true when one takes the user goals and network operator goals into account. Users would like to be connected to their services over the best available access technology, where the users should be able to define what "best" means for themselves, in other terms users want to be Always-Best-Connected (ABC). The network operator has to satisfy ABC property for users who are essentially competing for resources and has to maintain the best possible utility out of its investment. This can be coined as Always-Best-Managed (ABM) networks. Taking into account that what best means for different users will be different in practice that it will not be possible to fulfill the requirements of each of the users simultaneously, and that the network itself is dynamic in nature, one can imagine the difficulty of achieving ABC and ABM continuously and simultaneously. In this paper we introduce a new approach to policy based mobility management based on two coordinated decision engines, one residing in the terminal and one in the network. We describe our architecture enabling network controlled policy based mobility management and discuss first results observed with our prototype implementation of this architecture.
Acrylamide inverse microemulsion polymerization in a paraffinic solvent: Rolling‐M‐245 (2005)

Abstract The inverse microemulsion polymerization of acrylamide in a paraffinic solvent, Rolling‐M‐245, stabilized by a mixture of nonionic surfactants (Emulan‐ELP‐11 and Brij‐92), was studied. Pseudoternary phase diagrams of this system were determined, and a range of hydrophilic‐lipophilic balance (HLB) values, from 8.98 to 9.2, were selected as the most favorable for acrylamide polymerization. The influence of factors such as the initiator composition, HLB, percentage of the aqueous phase, and addition of the monomer by steps on the final conversion and polyacrylamide molar masses were investigated. High conversions and molar masses were generally obtained with the different formulations. The polyacrylamide molar masses were influenced by the HLB and content in the aqueous phase. The addition of the aqueous phase by steps led to a progressive diminution of the molar masses as the number of stages increased. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2495–2503, 2005
Iterative learning control for discrete time systems using optimal feedback and feedforward actions (2002)

An algorithm for iterative learning control is proposed based on an optimization principle used by other authors to derive gradient type algorithms. The new algorithm is a descent algorithm and has potential benefits which include realization in terms of Riccati feedback and feed-forward components. This realization also has the advantage of implicitly ensuring automatic step size selection and hence guaranteeing convergence without the need for empirical choice of parameters. The algorithm achieves a geometric rate of convergence for invertible plants which can be arbitrarily changed by design parameters.
Surgical alternatives to hysterectomy for intractable menorrhagia. (1990)

When conservative measures fail to control menorrhagia, most women have been offered hysterectomy. Endoscopic endometrial ablation presents a less radical alternative which appears to have significant advantages in patient acceptance and reduced hospital stay. The long-term outcome of these techniques remains uncertain.
Roles of calcium ions in the membrane binding of C2 domains (2001)

The C2 domain is a membrane-targeting domain found in many cellular proteins involved in signal transduction or membrane trafficking. The majority of C2 domains co-ordinate multiple Ca2+ ions and bind the membrane in a Ca2+-dependent manner. To understand the mechanisms by which Ca2+ mediates the membrane binding of C2 domains, we measured the membrane binding of the C2 domains of group IV cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) by surface plasmon resonance and lipid monolayer analyses. Ca2+ ions mainly slow the membrane dissociation of cPLA2-C2, while modulating both membrane association and dissociation rates for PKC-α-C2. Further studies with selected mutants showed that for cPLA2 a Ca2+ ion bound to the C2 domain of cPLA2 induces the intra-domain conformational change that leads to the membrane penetration of the C2 domain whereas the other Ca2+ is not directly involved in membrane binding. For PKC-α, a Ca2+ ion induces the inter-domain conformational changes of the protein and the membrane penetration of non-C2 residues. The other Ca2+ ion of PKC-α-C2 is involved in more complex interactions with the membrane, including both non-specific and specific electrostatic interactions. Together, these studies of isolated C2 domains and their parent proteins allow for the determination of the distinct and specific roles of each Ca2+ ion bound to different C2 domains.
Chromatographic Detectors (1996)

"Comprehensively covers the design, construction, and operation of gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography detectors--all in one convenient, up-to-date source. Emphasizes the essential use of common specifications to describe all detectors, allowing easy comparison of their attributes."
Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Cocrystal Explosive (2011)

On the basis of our previous Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation (Wei, C. X.; Huang, H.; Duan, X. H.; Pei C. H. Propell. Explos. Pyrot. 2009, 67, 2822−2826), a cocrystal explosive (CCE) consisting of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) and 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) has been prepared with a solvent/nonsolvent (S/NS) process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated that crystal morphology of the CCE was significantly improved in contrast to the crystal of HMX and TATB. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the CCE exhibited the enhancement of thermal stability and became less sensitive to impact, compared with the HMX. Raman spectroscopy, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided characterization at the molecular level. The results indicated that the main mechanism of cocrystal originates from the N−O···H hydrogen bonding between −NO2 (HMX) and −NH2 (TATB).
A High Performance CMOS Direct Down Conversion Mixer for UWB System (2005)

This paper represents a high performance wideband CMOS direct down-conversion mixer for UWB based on 0.18 m CMOS technology. The proposed mixer uses the current bleeding technique and an extra resonant inductor to improve the conversion gain, noise figure (NF) and linearity. Also, with an extra inductor and the careful choosing of transistor sizes, the mixer has a very low flicker noise. The shunt resistor matching is applied to have a 528MHz bandwidth matching at 50 Ohm. The simulation results show the voltage conversion gain of 20.5 dB, the double-side band NF of 5.6 dB. Two-tone test result indicates 11.25 dBm of IIP3 and higher than 70 dBm of IIP2. The circuit operates at the supply voltage of 1.8 V, and dissipates 11.5 mW.
Helper-dependent adenoviral vectors for liver-directed gene therapy (2011)

Helper-dependent adenoviral (HDAd) vectors devoid of all viral-coding sequences are promising non-integrating vectors for liver-directed gene therapy because they have a large cloning capacity, can efficiently transduce a wide variety of cell types from various species independent of the cell cycle and can result in long-term transgene expression without chronic toxicity. The main obstacle preventing clinical applications of HDAd for liver-directed gene therapy is the host innate inflammatory response against the vector capsid proteins that occurs shortly after intravascular vector administration resulting in acute toxicity, the severity of which is dependent on vector dose. Intense efforts have been focused on elucidating the factors involved in this acute response and various strategies have been investigated to improve the therapeutic index of HDAd vectors. These strategies have yielded encouraging results with the potential for clinical translation.
Autotaxin is an N linked glycoprotein but the sugar moieties are not needed for its stimulation of cellular motility (1995)

Autotaxin is a 125kD autocrine motility factor that stimulates both random and directed motility in producing the human A2058 melanoma cell line. The recently cloned autotaxin has been demonstrated to bind strongly and specifically to concanavalin A (con A). In this study, we show that the oligosaccharide side chains on autotaxin are exclusively asparagine linked, since N-glycosidase F, but not neuraminidase or O-glycosidase, decreases the protein molecular mass to 100-105kD, which is the calculated molecular mass of the deduced autotaxin polypeptide. Furthermore, removal of oligosaccharide side chains by N-glycosidase F can be performed under mild conditions that retain motility-stimulating activity, suggesting that the oligosaccharide side chains are not necessary for autotaxin to activate its receptor. Finally, when melanoma cells are treated with inhibitors of carbohydrate processing, such as N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin, 1-deoxymannojirimycin and swainsonine, they still secrete a motility-stimulating autotaxin. Therefore, the carbohydrate side chains on autotaxin are not necessary to stimulate motility; however, they may still play a role in folding, secretion or maintenance of the active conformation of the protein.
A monoclonal antibody (BA-1) reactive with cells of human B lymphocyte lineage. (1981)

NALM-6-M1 is an acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line previously shown in our laboratory to express the pre-B lymphocyte phenotype, i.e., cytoplasmic IgM+, surface immunoglobulin-. Hybridomas were produced against this cell line by fusing spleen cells from hyperimmunized mice with NS-1 mouse myeloma cells. One monoclonal antibody derived from this fusion, designated BA-1, reacted with peripheral blood B lymphocytes, chronic lymphocytic leukemias, pre-B-ALL, most non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and most non-T, non-B-ALL. BA-1 showed weak reactivity with B lymphoblastoid cell lines and failed to react with multiple myeloma and pokeweed mitogen-induced plasma cells. BA-1 also reacted with peripheral blood granulocytes and the erythroleukemia cell line K-562. No reactivity was seen with cells of T lymphocyte origin, platelets, red cells, monocytes, or acute myelocytic leukemias. Evidence is presented indicating that the determinant recognized by BA-1 is not surface immunoglobulin, HLA-DR, or receptors for C3 or Fc. We conclude that monoclonal antibody BA-1 may be useful in the study of early stages of human B lymphocyte development.
A Clinical Evaluation of the Effect of Ascoxal T<sup>@</sup>on Plaque Formation and Gingivitis (1970)

(1970). A Clinical Evaluation of the Effect of Ascoxal T@ on Plaque Formation and Gingivitis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica: Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 661-677.
Emulsifying properties of protein–pectin complexes and their use in oil‐containing foodstuffs (1995)

Abstract The emulsifying properties of proteins have been well studied as they are important for the preparation of creams, mayonnaises and other oil/fat‐containing foodstuffs. The emulsifying action of a protein is not always sufficient to obtain stable emulsions of good quality. The use of chemical stabilisers in the food industry is not desirable. One of the best ways to improve the quality of emulsions and to produce emulsions with high nutritive value is to use protein‐polysaccharide complexes as emulsifiers. Varying the protein‐polysaccharide ratio in the complex, and also the kind of the polymers, would vary the quality and the nutritional value of the foodstuff. Four non‐conventional protein preparations were tested as emulsifiers and their emulsifying properties were improved by the addition of pectin. This makes it possible to create new foodstuffs with low oil content and high nutritional value.
Predicting Internal Roughness in Water Mains (1988)

A method is presented for predicting the Hazen-Williams C-factor for unlined metal water mains as a function of pipe age. The method has two steps: (a) finding the growth/rate of internal roughness, alpha, for the water main using either historical C-factor data or water quality data; and (b) using predictive equations for an estimate of a future C-factor. The predictive equations presented in this report were derived using linear regression of some 319 data points from seven utilities as well as values from the 1920 text entitled Hydraulic Tables, by G.S. Williams and A. Hazen. The regression equations for C-factor as a function of pipe age have a 95-percent confidence interval of + or - 15 and a coefficient of determination r squared of 0.87.
Association of <i>CTLA‐4</i> gene polymorphism with oral squamous cell carcinoma (2005)

The present study is the first to shows that the A/A polymorphism is associated with poor survival in OSCC in Taiwan.
Postischemic insulin reduces spatial learning deficit following transient forebrain ischemia in rats. (1989)

We investigated the ability of postischemic insulin administration to modify the structural and neurobehavioral consequences of cerebral ischemia in rats. Forebrain ischemia was induced in fed rats by combining controlled systemic hypotension with bilateral carotid artery clamping for 10 1/2 minutes. Following clamp release, one group of six rats [corrected] was given insulin (2 IU/kg s.c. b.i.d.) for 1 week. An ischemic-control group of five rats [corrected] received no postischemic treatment. A sham-ischemia group of rats was used as a behavioral control. Throughout the recovery period until sacrifice, the drinking water of all rats was supplemented with 25% glucose. Rats were trained on two water maze place navigation tasks 1-2 months after ischemia. Escape latencies and swim patterns were recorded. Performance in the insulin-treated group was better than that in the ischemic-control group (p less than 0.05) on both tasks and did not differ significantly from that of the sham-ischemia group. Improvement in behavior correlated with a significant reduction in CA1 hippocampal necrosis in the insulin-treated group (p less than 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that postischemic treatment with insulin improves neurobehavioral performance in addition to lessening ischemic neuronal necrosis.
A cross-sectional study to compare two blood collection methods: direct venous puncture and peripheral venous catheter (2014)

Blood collection methods using DVP and PVC can be used interchangeably for most routine laboratory tests.