gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inner Kinetochore Protein Interactions with Regional Centromeres of Fission Yeast (2015)

Centromeres of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe lack the highly repetitive sequences that make most other "regional" centromeres refractory to analysis. To map fission yeast centromeres, we applied H4S47C-anchored cleavage mapping and native and cross-linked chromatin immunoprecipitation with paired-end sequencing. H3 nucleosomes are nearly absent from the central domain, which is occupied by centromere-specific H3 (cenH3 or CENP-A) nucleosomes with two H4s per particle that are mostly unpositioned and are more widely spaced than nucleosomes elsewhere. Inner kinetochore proteins CENP-A, CENP-C, CENP-T, CENP-I, and Scm3 are highly enriched throughout the central domain except at tRNA genes, with no evidence for preferred kinetochore assembly sites. These proteins are weakly enriched and less stably incorporated in H3-rich heterochromatin. CENP-A nucleosomes protect less DNA from nuclease digestion than H3 nucleosomes, while CENP-T protects a range of fragment sizes. Our results suggest that CENP-T particles occupy linkers between CENP-A nucleosomes and that classical regional centromeres differ from other centromeres by the absence of CENP-A nucleosome positioning.
Cyclic AMP stimulates apical V-ATPase accumulation, microvillar elongation and proton extrusion in kidney collecting duct A-intercalated cells (2010)

Kidney proton-secreting A-intercalated cells (A-IC) respond to systemic acidosis by accumulating the vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) in their apical membrane and by increasing the length and number of apical microvilli. We show here that the cell permeant cAMP analog CPT-cAMP, infused in vivo, results in an almost two-fold increase in apical V-ATPase accumulation in AE1-positive A-IC within 15 min, and that these cells develop an extensive array of apical microvilli compared to controls. In contrast, no significant change in V-ATPase distribution could be detected by immunocytochemistry in B-intercalated cells at the acute time point examined. To show a direct effect of cAMP on A-IC, we prepared cell suspensions from the medulla of transgenic mice expressing EGFP in IC (driven by the B1-subunit promoter of the V-ATPase) and exposed them to cAMP analogs in vitro. 3D-reconstructions of confocal images revealed that cAMP induced a time dependent growth of apical microvilli, starting within minutes after addition. This effect was blocked by the PKA inhibitor, myristoylated PKI. These morphological changes were paralleled by increased cAMP-mediated proton extrusion (pHi recovery) by A-IC in outer medullary collecting ducts measured using the ratiometric probe BCECF. These results, and our prior data showing that the bicarbonate-stimulated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is highly expressed in kidney intercalated cells, support the idea that cAMP generated either by sAC, or by activation of other signaling pathways, is part of the signal transduction mechanism involved in acid-base sensing and V-ATPase membrane trafficking in kidney intercalated cells.
Preface (2006)

End-to-end monitoring has received a tremendous amount of attention by the academic and industrial research communities for many years.Due to the "stateless" nature of the Internet, as well as the problems associated with collecting management information from inter-connected domains, the endapplications get more eager to observe and infer the characteristics of the network paths and services, without any network support.End-to-end monitoring is important to observe the dynamic network and service conditions in real-time and provide feedback information to applications or users to maintain seamless network operations.In the last few years, we have witnessed the creation of many new network technologies including peer-to-peer, overlay, content delivery networks, multicast, grid, ad-hoc and sensor networks.These emerging technologies require efficient end-to-end monitoring techniques to perform real-time resource adaptation, service restoration and dynamic network configuration.The end-to-end monitoring information is also important for network management tasks such as capacity planning, service tuning and provisioning, enforcement of service level agreement, detecting distributed attacks, and for adaptive network control protocols such as congestions/rate control, adaptive multimedia error concealment, and constrained-based routing in sensor and P2P networks.
A triangle wave generator for electrochemical applications (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA triangle wave generator for electrochemical applicationsW. E. Britton , R. H. Fleming , G. S. Hammond , and William Nichparenko Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 1, 68Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1976Published inissue 1 January 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053p68RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (739 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Optimal representation of source-sink fluxes for mesoscale carbon dioxide inversion with synthetic data (2011)

[1] The inversion of CO2 surface fluxes from atmospheric concentration measurements involves discretizing the flux domain in time and space. The resolution choice is usually guided by technical considerations despite its impact on the solution to the inversion problem. In our previous studies, a Bayesian formalism has recently been introduced to describe the discretization of the parameter space over a large dictionary of adaptive multiscale grids. In this paper, we exploit this new framework to construct optimal space-time representations of carbon fluxes for mesoscale inversions. Inversions are performed using synthetic continuous hourly CO2 concentration data in the context of the Ring 2 experiment in support of the North American Carbon Program Mid Continent Intensive (MCI). Compared with the regular grid at finest scale, optimal representations can have similar inversion performance with far fewer grid cells. These optimal representations are obtained by maximizing the number of degrees of freedom for the signal (DFS) that measures the information gain from observations to resolve the unknown fluxes. Consequently information from observations can be better propagated within the domain through these optimal representations. For the Ring 2 network of eight towers, in most cases, the DFS value is relatively small compared to the number of observations d (DFS/d < 20%). In this multiscale setting, scale-dependent aggregation errors are identified and explicitly formulated for more reliable inversions. It is recommended that the aggregation errors should be taken into account, especially when the correlations in the errors of a priori fluxes are physically unrealistic. The optimal multiscale grids allow to adaptively mitigate the aggregation errors.
A diagnostic pearl in allergic contact dermatitis to fragrances: the atomizer sign. (2008)

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) reactions to fragrances may present in a variety of ways because of exposure to these allergens from a wide range of sources. We describe a diagnostic pearl for this common ACD, primarily seen overlying the prominentia laryngea (Adam's apple) both in women and girls, which we have called the atomizer sign.
Comparison of Access Pattern Protection Schemes and Proposals for Efficient Implementation (2014)

Oblivious RAM (ORAM) schemes, the concept introduced by Goldreich and Ostrovsky, are very useful technique for protecting users' privacy when storing data in remote untrusted servers and running software on untrusted systems. However they are usually considered impractical due to their huge overhead. In order to reduce overhead, many improvements have been presented. Thanks to these improvements, ORAM schemes can be considered practical on cloud environment where users can expect huge storage and high computational power. Especially for private information retrieval (PIR), some literatures demonstrated they are usable. Also dedicated PIRs have been proposed and shown that they are usable in practice. Yet, they are still impractical for protecting software running on untrusted systems. We first survey recent researches on ORAM and PIR. Then, we present a practical software-based memory protection scheme applicable to several environments. The main feature of our scheme is that it records the history of accesses and uses the history to hide the access pattern. We also address implementing issues of ORAM and propose practical solutions for these issues.
CD8+ immunodominance among Epstein-Barr virus lytic cycle antigens directly reflects the efficiency of antigen presentation in lytically infected cells (2005)

Antigen immunodominance is an unexplained feature of CD8+ T cell responses to herpesviruses, which are agents whose lytic replication involves the sequential expression of immediate early (IE), early (E), and late (L) proteins. Here, we analyze the primary CD8 response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection for reactivity to 2 IE proteins, 11 representative E proteins, and 10 representative L proteins, across a range of HLA backgrounds. Responses were consistently skewed toward epitopes in IE and a subset of E proteins, with only occasional responses to novel epitopes in L proteins. CD8+ T cell clones to representative IE, E, and L epitopes were assayed against EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) containing lytically infected cells. This showed direct recognition of lytically infected cells by all three sets of effectors but at markedly different levels, in the order IE > E >> L, indicating that the efficiency of epitope presentation falls dramatically with progress of the lytic cycle. Thus, EBV lytic cycle antigens display a hierarchy of immunodominance that directly reflects the efficiency of their presentation in lytically infected cells; the CD8+ T cell response thereby focuses on targets whose recognition leads to maximal biologic effect.
Occurrence of Antibiotic Resistant E. coli in Surface Water: A Study in a Typical Urban Watershed, Korea (2010)

Elevated levels of antibiotic-resistant (AR) bacteria are routinely detected in surface water, whereas the dissemination of such bacteria across tributaries, rivers, or watersheds is often unknown. In a present study, one year of water quality monitoring was conducted to assess the sources, occurrence, and distribution of AR bacteria in a typical urban watershed, the Gwangju Watershed, Korea. For this study, a total of 828 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates obtained from 8 sites in stream water were tested for their resistance against 15 different antibiotics. Results revealed that while antibiotic resistance of the E. coli isolates showed no significant difference among sites, resistance rates to one and more antibiotics were always higher than those of non-antibiotic (below 50%), representing a high incidence of antibiotic resistance in the surface water. Among the antibiotics tested, the isolates were most resistant to tetracycline (50%), followed by carbenicillin (33%) and ampicillin (32%). However, the resistance rates showed no measurable difference between the isolates from the wastewater treatment plants and those from downstream sites, except for streptomycin (p &lt; 0.05), indicating that untreated sewage discharge was not a primary source of the resistance. In addition, no significant difference in resistance rates was observed between summer and winter seasons. When the relationship between resistance rates in 828 E. coli isolates to antibiotics and those of multiple antibiotic resistance was further examined, a high correlation was found in streptomycin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, tetracycline, and ampicillin, thus suggesting that these antibiotics could be used as potential indicators for representing the resistance rate of E. coli isolates in surface water.
Pancreatic arteriography, transhepatic pancreatic venography, and pancreatic venous sampling in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer (1981)

Arteriography with visualization of small intrapancreatic arteries is a sensitive method in the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. It can detect small intrapancreatic tumors and differentiate neoplasms from other pancreatic lesions. It also aids in staging pancreatic cancer and determining resectability. Transhepatic pancreatic venography is less sensitive than arteriography but it also can be useful in evaluating tumor operability. Pancreatic venous sampling is an important method for localizing hormone-secreting islet cell tumors.
Proceedings of the third international symposium on robotics research (1986)

The Third International Symposium in Robotics Research was held in the FAll of 1985 in Gouvieux-Chantilly, France. This book collects 45 papers presented by the 66 participants from the U.S., Japan, and Europe, reflecting the wide variety of research issues currently under exploration. The topics covered include perception (visual and local), action and control, robot mechanisms, and modeling and systems.
ASIBO (2012)

ASIBO is an expression device that shifts its behavior in accordance with the switching frequency and timing of the solenoid. ASIBO looks like a pile driver and behaves like one. However it changes this behavior when the user/system switches its solenoid rapidly. ASIBO is designed as an actuator of a toy, robot, marionette and drum machine.
The Role of Spectral Tissue Sensing During Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injection (2016)

Spectral tissue sensing (STS) exploits the scattering and absorption of light by tissue. The main objective of the present study was to determine whether STS can discriminate between correct and incorrect placement of the needle tip during lumbar transforaminal epidural injection. This was a single-blind prospective observational study in 30 patients with lumbar radicular pain scheduled for lumbar transforaminal epidural injection. Spectral tissue sensing data from the needle tip were acquired along the needle trajectory at 4 predefined measurement points and compared with ultrasound, fluoroscopy, and digital subtraction angiography images. Spectral tissue sensing data contained the full spectra. The lipid and hemoglobin content at the different measurement points was also calculated, and partial least-squares discriminant analysis was used to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of STS. Spectral tissue sensing identified correct needle placement with a sensitivity of 57% and a specificity of 82%, and intraforaminal versus extraforaminal locations were identified with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 71%.
Modeling parameter extraction for DNQ-novolak thick film resists (1998)

Optical lithography with special thick film DNQ-novolac photoresists have been practiced for many years to fabricate microstructures that require feature heights ranging from several to hundreds of microns such as thin film magnetic heads. It is common in these thick film photoresist systems to observe interesting non-uniform profiles with narrow regions near the top surface of the film that transition into broader and more concave shapes near the bottom of the resist profile. A number of explanations have been proposed for these various observations including the formation of `dry skins' at the resist surface and the presence of solvent gradients in the film which serve to modify the local development rate of the photoresist. There have been few detailed experimental studies of the development behavior of thick films resists. This has been due to part to the difficulty in studying these films with conventional dissolution rate monitors (DRMs). In general, this lack of experimental data along with other factors has made simulation and modeling of thick film resist performance difficult. As applications such as thin film head manufacturing drive to smaller features with higher aspect ratios, the need for accurate thick film simulation capability continues to grow. A new multi-wavelength DRM tool has been constructed and used in conjunction with a resist bleaching tool and rigorous parameter extraction techniques to establish exposure and development parameters for two thick film resists, AZ<SUP>TM</SUP> 4330-RS and AZ<SUP>TM</SUP> 9200. Simulations based on these parameters show good agreement to resist profiles for these two resists.
Identity Location Decoupling in Pervasive Computing Networks (2005)

Advances in ubiquitous computing applications depend heavily on developments in supporting technologies, including network communications. Recent research in Internet addressing has pointed towards a need for a more generic approach to the definition of endpoint identity and a change in the traditional communication model. This change defines one or more thin layers of resolution between network, transport, or application level identifiers. In this paper we advocate the concept of endpoint identity location decoupling in the context of ubiquitous computing. We provide an analysis of the general network security issues affecting ubiquitous computing in terms of the identity/location decoupled naming scheme approach.
The electronic structure of 1,2-di(<i>p</i>-tolyl)ethane and of pure and substituted [2.2]paracyclophane (1975)

Two new ’’spectroscopic’’ CNDO model parametrizations, constructed to describe the electronic excitation spectra of conjugated hydrocarbons, are utilized to analyze these spectra for the double-benzene-ring molecules 1,2-di(p-tolyl)ethane, [2.2]paracyclophane, pseudopara-dibromo[2.2]paracyclophane, pseudopara-dicyano[2.2]paracyclophane, and 1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10 octafluoro[2.2]paracyclophane. Our CNDO/S3 model predicts orbital eigenvalue spectra which are in quantitative (ΔE∼0.1 eV) correspondence with the ultraviolet photoemission spectra of those molecules for which they have been measured. Its predictions of the ultraviolet absorption spectra of 1,2-di(p-tolyl)ethane are equally quantitative, although those for the absorption spectra of the [2.2]paracyclophanes are only qualitative (ΔE≲0.3 eV). A major success of the model is its correct prediction of the observed symmetry of the radical anion ESR spectra of 1,2-di(p-tolyl)ethane and [2.2]-paracyclophane: the latter result having eluded prior molecular-orbital models. Moreover, a substantial alteration in the symmetry of the ESR radical anion spectra is predicted for the case of 1,1,2,2,9,9,10,10 octafluoro-[2,2]-paracyclophane relative to [2,2]paracyclophane.
Growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 in growth hormone-deficient Little mice (2012)

Here, we have demonstrated that lit/lit mice, which harbor a germline mutation in the Growth hormone-releasing hormone gene, maintain a limited but statistically significant growth hormone elevation after exogenous stimulation with GHRP-2. The present data probably reflect a direct, growth hormone-independent effect on Growth hormone S (ghrelin) stimulation in the remaining pituitary somatotrophs of little mice that is mediated by growth hormone S-R 1a.
Importance sampling for reinforcement learning with multiple objectives (2001)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2001.
bis‐alkylsulfonylpyridines (1984)

Abstract Dihalogenated pyridines, some activated with carboxylic, ester or cyano group, were allowed to react with sodium alkylmercaptides. After hydrolysis of the ester or cyano group followed by decarboxylation, bis‐alkylthiopyridines with substituents at 2,3‐, 2,4‐, 2,5‐, 2,6‐ and 3,5‐positions were prepared. These compounds were oxidized to bis‐alkylsulfonylpyridines.
ChemInform Abstract: 7‐Azaindolines Substituted in the Pyridine Ring. (1977)

Abstract Die Bromierung, Nitrierung und Chlorierung des Azaindolins (I) sowie die Acetylierung eines dabei hergestellten Nitro‐azaindolins (VI) und die Reduktion des Acetylderivates (VII) werden untersucht.
Denatured hemoglobin in sickle erythrocytes. (1977)

To study the nature of numerous inclusion bodies seen in red cells from patients with sickle cell disease (Hb SS), we have prepared red cell ghosts free of oxyhemoglobin and analyzed them by spectrophotometric and heme extraction methods. The absorption spectrum in the visible region of the ghost suspensions was typical of hemichromes. The spectrum was similar to that of denatured hemoglobin repared by treatment of oxyhemoglobin S with mechanical shaking or heat. Similar treatment of cells containing only normal hemoglobin (Hb AA) showed a very small amount of denatured hemoglobin, approximately one-fifth of the amount in Hb SS cells. The amount of denatured hemoglobin determined after solution of membrane with 2.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate was 0.158+/-0.070% (1 SD) of the total cellular heme in Hb SS patients. In controls, the amount was 0.030+/-0.016%. Persons with Hb AA and reticulocytosis did not have an elevated amount of membrane-associated heme. In patients with hereditary spherocytosis and autoimmune hemolytic anemia, denatured stromal hemoglobin was normal or slightly elevated before and after splenectomy. The increased amount of denatured hemoglobin in Hb SS red cells may be related to the instability of sickle oxyhemoglobin.
Issues with Self-Monitoring Assessments: Comments on Koretz and Béguin (2010) (2010)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Any opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of Educational Testing Service. This is a commentary on "Self-Monitoring Assessments for Educational Accountability Systems," by Daniel Koretz and Anton Béguin. Notes 1Note that any computerized adaptive test has to be equipped to prevent test security problems by, for example, having a large item pool of a variety of items. In addition, the IRT model used with such a test has to be appropriate. 2Also see CitationBejar (2010), who suggested the use of the duplex design proposed by CitationBock and Mislevy (1988).