gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The C‐terminal region of the proprotein convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) exerts a bimodal regulation of the enzyme activity <i>in vitro</i> (2007)

The proprotein convertase PC1/3 preferentially cleaves its substrates in the dense core secretory granules of endocrine and neuroendocrine cells. Similar to most proteinases synthesized first as zymogens, PC1/3 is synthesized as a larger precursor that undergoes proteolytic processing of its signal peptide and propeptide. The N-terminally located propeptide has been shown to be essential for folding and self-inhibition. Furthermore, PC1/3 also possesses a C-terminal region (CT-peptide) which, for maximal enzymatic activity, must also be cleaved. To date, its role has been documented through transfection studies in terms of sorting and targeting of PC1/3 and chimeric proteins into secretory granules. In this study, we examined the properties of a 135-residue purified bacterially produced CT-peptide on the in vitro enzymatic activity of PC1/3. Depending on the amount of CT-peptide used, it is shown that the CT-peptide increases PC1/3 activity at low concentrations (nm) and decreases it at high concentrations (microm), a feature typical of an activator. Furthermore, we show that, contrary to the propeptide, the CT-peptide is not further cleaved by PC1/3 although it is sensitive to human furin activity. Based on these results, it is proposed that PC1/3, through its various domains, is capable of controlling its enzymatic activity in all regions of the cell that it encounters. This mode of self-control is unique among members of all proteinases families.
Rho-Kinase Activation in Patients With Heart Failure (2013)

Rho-kinase is activated in HF patients, suggesting that it could be a new therapeutic target of the disorder.
Interactions of 7.5-Mev Protons with Copper and Vanadium (1961)

The separate cross sections for interaction of 7.5-Mev protons have been measured for natural copper and vanadium. Angular distributions for elastic scattering are presented. The (inelastic scattering+alpha emission) cross sections are: copper, 266 mb, and vanadium, 134 mb. The ($p, n$) reaction cross sections are: ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{65}$, 537 mb, and ${\mathrm{V}}^{51}$, 555 mb. These data, along with separate measurements of polarization from copper, are compared with optical-model computations. The results indicate a volume-absorption potential rather than a surface-absorption potential.
A new inversion method for NMR signal processing (2013)

We present a new, semi-analytic inversion method for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) log measurements. Our method represents multiwait-time measurements via short sums of exponentials. The resulting sparse T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> distribution requires fewer T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> relaxation times than present in linearized inversion methods. The T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> relaxation times, and corresponding amplitudes are estimated via convex optimization and a semi-analytic algorithm. We obtain an efficient way to represent the NMR data that can be utilized to estimate petrophysical properties and for compression in logging-while-drilling applications.
System-Level Design Hardening Based on Worst-Case ASET Simulations (2004)

We present experimental and simulation results on single-event transients in an analog subsystem for satellite electronic equipment. Investigations based on worst-case transient events, simulated with transistor-level circuit models, suggest design modifications for hardening.
Titanium and titanium nitride contacts to n-type gallium nitride (1998)

Ti (150 nm), TiN (200 nm) and Ti (5 nm)/TiN (200 nm) contacts have been fabricated on n-type GaN (Si doped , ) and characterized by specific contact resistance measurements and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profiling. Ti contacts were annealed between 400 and C in Ar and to observe the effects of annealing environment on ohmic contact formation. Ti contacts annealed in became ohmic after 1 min at C and reached a minimum specific contact resistance of after 1 min at C. Ti contacts annealed in Ar required 20-25 min at C to become ohmic and also reached a minimum specific contact resistance of after 1 min at C. Depth profiles of Ti contacts showed that the presence of TiN at the metal-GaN interface was a necessary condition for ohmic contact formation. TiN and Ti/TiN contacts were annealed between 400 and C in Ar. TiN contacts became ohmic after 1 min at C but only reached a minimum specific contact resistance of after being annealed at C. Ti/TiN contacts became ohmic after being annealed for 1 min at C, similar to Ti contacts annealed in . Measurements at room temperature and 77 K revealed that annealed TiN ohmic contacts displayed increased specific contact resistance at 77 K (characteristic of thermionic or thermionic-field emission), while Ti/TiN and Ti contacts annealed in Ar showed no temperature dependence (characteristic of field emission). Based on the results of this study, we conclude that having TiN in intimate contact with n-type GaN was necessary for these contacts to be ohmic, while some reaction between Ti and GaN during the contact anneal caused the ohmic contacts to operate by field emission and to reach a lower specific contact resistance.
The role of ANKH in pathologic mineralization of cartilage (2015)

ANKH expression, as well as its potential non-PPi transporter functions, plays a variety of roles in the regulation of cellular events that surround differentiation and mineralization in bone and cartilage. Additional studies are warranted to further elucidate the contributions of ANKH to human health and disease, and to determine if ANKH deserves targeting for the treatment of diseases such as CPPD.
The highly electrophilic character of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan and possible consequences for its applications as a protein-labelling reagent (1977)

4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan possesses at least one highly electrophilic centre (C-6) that is much more reactive towards nucleophiles than position C-4, the irreversible alkylating site of this reagent. Possible consequences of the electrophilic character of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan for its application as a protein-labelling reagent are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC OLIGOMERS OF 4‐AMINOPENTANOIC ACID (1977)

Abstract Der Aminocarbonsäureester (I), dessen Darstellung nach bekannten Methoden beschrieben wird, liefert bei Erhitzung in verdünnter Pyridinlösung als neutrales Hauptprodukt das Lactam (II) der 4‐Aminopentansäure und isomere cyclische Tetramere der Aminosäure, von denen drei in kleinen Mengen isoliert werden konnten.
Frequency dependence of ultrasonic waves scattered from surface breaking cracks (1981)

An ultrasonic spectroscopy system is used to study frequency dependence of scattered ultrasonic waves from surface breaking cracks in metals. Crack parameters such as depth, length, and surface conditions are correlated to the frequency dependence of the scattered amplitude. Both bulk and surface waves have been used. Experimental results have been compared to existing theories. [This work is supported by ARPA/AFML. Program on QNDE through Ames Laboratory.]
Synthesis and Pharmacology of Ester Modified (+/-)-threo-Methylphenidate Analogs (2014)

As part of a program to develop compounds with potential to treat cocaine abuse, eleven (+/-)-threo-methylphenidate (TMP; Ritalin) derivatives were synthesized and tested in rat striatal tissue preparations for inhibitory potency against [3H]WIN 35,428 binding (WIN) to the dopamine (DA) transporter, [3H]citalopram binding (CIT) to the serotonin transporter, and [3H]DA uptake. The ester function was replaced by other functional groups in all of the compounds; some also contained substituents on the phenyl ring and/or the piperidine nitrogen. Potencies against WIN, measured as IC50, ranged from 27 nM to 7,000 nM, compared to an IC50 of 83 nM for TMP itself. Potency against [3H]DA uptake was approximately two-fold less than that against WIN, but generally exhibited the same rank order. With one exception, the compounds were significantly less potent against CIT than WIN. The one exception, which has a rigid planar conformation at the altered ester position, is unique in that it also is much less potent against [3H]DA uptake relative to WIN, compared to the other derivatives. The three compounds with dichloro groups on the phenyl ring did not exhibit positive cooperativity, as has been observed with several previously synthesized halogenated TMP derivatives. Taken together, these compounds should help to further our understanding of the stimulant binding sites on both the dopamine and serotonin transporters.
Tracing the HIV-1 subtype B mobility in Europe: a phylogeographic approach (2009)

Subtype B phylogeographies provide a new insight about the geographical distribution of viral lineages, as well as the significant pathways of virus dispersal across Europe, suggesting that intervention strategies should also address tourists, travellers and migrants.
Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins Using a Recoverable and Reusable OsO<sub>4</sub><sup>2‐</sup> in Ionic Liquid [bmim][PF<sub>6</sub>]. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Comparison of the Potency of Different Propofol Formulations (2013)

Plain propofol formulations are not equipotent, but comparable doses were required when lidocaine was concomitantly administered.
In Vivo Spectrophotometric Determination of Striatal Acetylcholinesterase Activity: The Modulation Induced by the Antidepressant Amitriptyline (1990)

A new technology called in vivo spectrophotometry was applied to the quantitative determination of the variations in local acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Repeated measurements of the enzyme activities in the same live animal allowed the study of the in vivo inhibition of AChE by amitriptyline. Interactions between AChE and this tricyclic antidepressant were investigated at the striatal level in anesthetized rats. In this anesthetized model, AChE assays were shown to be stable for approximately 8 h. The dose-effect relationship was explored in the 2.5- to 50-mg/kg amitriptyline range. A reversible inhibition was observed after acute amitriptyline administration. The maximum of inhibition appeared between 90 and 210 min after the intoxication and reached up to 22% for the 50-mg/kg dose. The threshold dose was established as 8 mg/kg. Evidence for an indirect interaction between tricyclic antidepressant and AChE was demonstrated when the total integrity of the biological system was preserved.
Generalized scalar Preisach model for grain oriented materials excited along arbitrary directions (2001)

In this article a generalized dynamic Preisach model is proposed in order to describe in a proper way the excess losses in grain oriented SiFe alloys. The magnetization rate dφ/dt for each Preisach dipole is defined as a function of the effective field, the switching fields α or β together with three material parameters, i.e., kd, kn, and s. Here, kn and s are material parameters introduced, while kd is the classical material parameter in the usual dynamic Preisach model. The correlation between this switching rule and the (n,Hexc) characteristic in the statistical loss theory is discussed. The model has been verified considering unidirectional measurements on grain oriented SiFe Epstein strips.
Antioxidative and Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid in Renal Epithelial Cells and Macrophages (2007)

Oxidative stress due to excessive reactive species (RS) and weakened antioxidant defenses is causally associated with inflammation and inflammatory mediators. To investigate the effects of the major fish oil ingredients, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), on oxidative stress-related inflammatory status, we conducted in vitro experiments utilizing rat renal epithelial cells (NRK-52E) and murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) by assessing their effects on the generation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2-derived and xanthine oxidase (XOD)-derived RS, reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and antioxidative enzyme activities. Additionally, 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1alpha, PGE2, and nitrite levels were measured in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Results showed that the generation of RS from arachidonic acid through the COX-2 and XOD pathways was effectively suppressed by DHA and EPA, while GSH levels and antioxidative enzyme activities were significantly enhanced by DHA and EPA. Furthermore, levels of inflammatory mediators (thromboxane B2, PGE2, and 6-keto-PGF1alpha) and nitrite were effectively down-regulated by DHA and EPA. These results strongly indicate that DHA and EPA exert antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions by reducing the cellular levels of RS, pro-inflammatory mediators, and nitrite levels and by maintaining higher GSH levels and antioxidative enzyme activities.
Locked octahedral tilting in orthorhombic perovskites: At the boundary of the general rule predicting phase transitions (2017)

Mainly ruled by oxygen octahedral rotations, perovskite oxides can exhibit zone boundary transitions (ZBTs) either with $d{T}_{c}/dP>\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0$ or $d{T}_{c}/dP<\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0$. Synchrotron structural investigations at high pressure conditions place $\mathrm{YA}{\mathrm{l}}_{0.25}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.75}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ orthorhombic perovskite at the boundary of ZBTs. The absence of changes in the octahedral tilting and a volume reduction with pressure exclusively controlled by an isotropic polyhedral compression set $\mathrm{YA}{\mathrm{l}}_{0.25}\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{r}}_{0.75}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as the first finding of a possible asymptote at the Clapeyron relation for predicting ZBTs in perovskites. Furthermore, the discovery of a ``locked-tilt perovskite'' can pave the way to a new class of functional materials.
Effect of Cations on the Autoxidation of the Linseed Oil Fatty Acids and the Inhibitive Properties of the Degradation Products (1975)

AbstractAbstractThe composition of the degradation products of seven metallic soaps of the linseed oil fatty acids has been determined by gas-liquid chromatography and a comparison has been made of their ability to inhibit the corrosion of iron.It is concluded that inhibitive paints might be based on alkaline earth pigments dispersed in drying oils, or alkaline earth azelates might be used as pigments in non-soap forming vehicles.
Platform as a Service (PaaS) as an Alternative for Commercial Aviation Applications (2013)

The development and delivery of commercial aviation applications that integrate and consume aircraft data continues a long-accepted paradigm of point-solutions—deploying specialized hardware and custom software with very specific functionality to address a very specific problem. And while these solutions are effective at addressing individual issues, the underlying systems are generally difficult to improve when the problem changes or new technology is introduced, hampering the operator’s flexibility, slowing innovation, and making it difficult to control costs. However, as demonstrated by the advent and increasing acceptance of Internet “cloud” services currently shaking-up traditional and long-accepted software business platforms in the enterprise, the aviation industry now has an opportunity to make radical changes to the way software applications are built, deployed, maintained, and used in their organization. By embracing these new models, platforms, and technology, airlines can not only enjoy major cost savings, but also significantly boost productivity through operational efficiencies, providing value across traditionally “siloed” organization units.
Placement and routing program for master-slice LSI's (1976)

A block placement program and a routing program for inter-block connection of master-slice LSI's are described. The placement program reduces the total expected wire length, by iterative improvements of block placement and gate assignment to blocks. The routing program employs Lee's algorithm basically, and modifications have been made to increase wirability and reduce computer time. The results of applying these programs to several types of LSI's are presented.
Derivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XIX. Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Nitro-4-carboxybenzenesulfenyl Chloride (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of Sulfenic Acids. XIX. Synthesis and Characterization of 2-Nitro-4-carboxybenzenesulfenyl ChlorideAnton J. Havlik and Norman KharaschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 5, 1150–1152Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01610a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01610a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast Parallel Treecodes for Gravitational and Fluid Dynamical N-body Problems (1993)

We discuss two physical systems from separate disciplines that make use of the same algorithmic and mathematical structures to reduce the number of operations necessary to complete a realistic simulation. In the gravitational N- body problem, the acceleration of an object is given by the familiar Newtonian laws of motion and gravitation. The computational load is reduced by treating groups of bodies as single multipole sources rather than individual bodies. In the simulation of incompressible flows, the flow may be modeled by the dynamics of a set of N interacting vortices. Vortices are vector objects in three dimensions, but their interactions are mathematically similar to that of gravitating masses. The multipole approximation can be used to greatly reduce the time needed to compute the interactions between vortices. Both types of simulations were carried out on the Intel Touchstone Delta, a parallel MIMD computer with 512 processors. Timings are reported for systems of up to 10 million bodies, and demonstrate that the implementation scales well on massively parallel systems. The majority of the code is common between the two applications, which differ only in certain physics modules. In particular, the code for parallel tree construction and traversal is shared.
A transputer array based SAR processor (2002)

This work describes a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) data processor based on a pipeline of transputers. The system is comprised of standard off-the-shelf transputer cards, a custom built transputer card with 64 MB RAM, and software written in OC-CAM. The SAR processor was designed as a general purpose processor for spaceborne and airborne SAR imagery.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Rhenium Carbonyl Complexes (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTOrganic Reactions Catalyzed by Rhenium Carbonyl ComplexesYoichiro Kuninobu* and Kazuhiko Takai*View Author Information Division of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Tsushima, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530, Japan*E-mail:[email protected]; [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 3, 1938–1953Publication Date (Web):November 23, 2010Publication History Received28 July 2010Published online23 November 2010Published inissue 9 March 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr100241uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr100241ureview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7741Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Organic compounds,Rhenium Get e-Alerts
Cellular Mechanism Underlying Hypothermia-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia/Ventricular Fibrillation in the Setting of Early Repolarization and the Protective Effect of Quinidine, Cilostazol, and Milrinone (2014)

Hypothermia leads to VT/VF in the setting of ER by exaggerating repolarization abnormalities, leading to development of phase 2 reentry. Quinidine, cilostazol, and milrinone suppress the hypothermia-induced VT/VF by reversing the repolarization abnormalities.
Corrosion Products Formed on Silver and Copper Plates Exposed in a Volcanic Area (2008)

Corrosion products formed on silver and copper plates exposed in a volcanic area were analyzed to get a better understanding of silver and copper corrosion in harsh environments. Both Ag2S and AgCl were detected in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of silver plates exposed for either 22 or 212 days. Cuprite (Cu2O) and posnjakite (Cu4SO4(OH)6•H2O) were detected in the XRD pattern of a copper plate exposed for 22 days. Brochantite (Cu4SO4(OH)6), antlerite (Cu3SO4(OH)4), and geerite (Cu8S5) were detected as well in that of a copper plate exposed for 212 days. Surface observation revealed that the surface Corrosion products formed on silver and copper plates exposed in a volcanic area were analyzed to get a better understanding of silver and copper corrosion in harsh environments. Both silver sulfide (Ag2S) and silver chloride (AgCl) were detected in the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of silver plates exposed for either 22 or 212 days. Cuprite (Cu2O) and posnjakite (Cu4SO4(OH)6•H2O) were detected in the XRD pattern of a copper plate exposed for 22 days. Brochantite (Cu4SO4(OH) 6), antlerite (Cu3SO4(OH)4), and geerite (Cu8S5) were detected as well in that of a copper plate exposed for 212 days. Surface observation revealed that the surface morphologies of silver and copper plates exposed for 212 days differed from those exposed for 22 days. Chemical state analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that sulfur existed mainly as sulfide on the silver plates, while it existed mainly as sulfate on the copper plates. This agrees well with the XRD results.