gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol causes desensitization of receptor-mediated phospholipase C activation in isolated hepatocytes (1991)

The effect of ethanol on receptor-mediated phospholipase C-linked signal transduction processes was investigated in isolated rat hepatocytes. Pretreatment of the cells with ethanol (6-300 mM) markedly inhibited a subsequent stimulation of phospholipase C by vasopressin, angiotensin II, or epidermal growth factor. By contrast, the effects of the alpha 1-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine and of glucagon were not affected by ethanol pretreatment. Ethanol inhibited the agonist-induced decrease in polyphosphoinositides, the formation of inositol phosphates, and the increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ levels, as detected with the intracellular Ca2+ indicator indo-1. The effects of ethanol were concentration dependent and were pronounced at low concentrations of agonists but were not significant at saturating levels. Pretreatment of the cells with the protein kinase C inhibitor H7 partly prevented the inhibition by ethanol of vasopressin-induced phospholipase C activation. By contrast, pretreatment of the cells with (Rp)-adenosine cyclic 3':5'-phosphorothioate [Rp)-cAMP-S), a competitive inhibitor of protein kinase A, potentiated the inhibitory effect of ethanol on the Ca2+ mobilization by vasopressin. (Rp)-cAMP-S similarly potentiated the inhibition of phospholipase C by the protein kinase C-activating phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). The kinase A inhibitor also made the Ca2+ mobilization by phenylephrine sensitive to ethanol, indicating that the formation of cAMP in the cells played a role in suppressing the sensitivity to ethanol. Pretreatment of the cells with ethanol enhanced the inhibitory effects of TPA on the vasopressin-induced phospholipase C activation at all concentrations of the hormone; however, these synergistic effects were prevented when TPA was added prior to ethanol, a condition that prevents the activation of phospholipase C by ethanol. The data indicate that ethanol causes desensitization of the receptor-mediated phospholipase C secondary to the ethanol-induced activation of phospholipase C and activation of protein kinase C. Ethanol treatment also affects the sensitivity of the phospholipase C system to control by protein kinases A and C. The data indicate that ethanol can affect the control of intracellular signal transduction processes in liver cells under physiologically relevant conditions.
Degradation of acetonitrile and biphenyl compounds by a mixed microbial culture (1992)

Abstract A mixed microbial culture was isolated from an environment contaminated with organic cyanides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This mixed culture could utilize acetonitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and biphenyl as the sole source of carbon. This mixed culture also utilized nitriles, their respective amides, and several PCBs as growth substrates. Studies involving the radiolabeled compounds indicated that nearly 70% of [14C]acetonitrile and 51% of [14C]biphenyl were recovered as 14CO2. The end products resulted during the degradation of acetonitrile and biphenyl were identified as ammonia and benzoate, respectively. It was also observed that the mixed culture that can degrade biphenyl loses its capability when transferred repeatedly into a medium supplemented with acetonitrile as growth substrate. The present study suggests that the application of mixed rather than pure microbial culture is more effective in bioremediation of toxic chemicals.
A semiconductor valid device development and production control methodology (2003)

This paper presents a systematic approach for request, design, development, and production control of valid electronic devices for a semiconductor process technology. The principal objective is guaranteed equivalence of device silicon characteristics, electrical technology table specifications, and circuit simulation tools. This procedure also ensures that all device components are completed and delivered in a coordinated and effective manner to their various customers. Thus, both rapid design and effective production ramp and control can be achieved.
Effects of client preinterview information on counselors' clinical impressions and interview behavior (1992)

Abstract The effects of client preinterview information on counselors' clinical impressions and interview behavior were examined. It was predicted that counselors who received preinterview information that a client had previously experienced depression would, when compared with those who received no such information, (a) rate the client more in accordance with prototypical descriptions of depression, and (b) use more confirmatory statements and questions concerning depression during the interview. Twenty-four counselors interviewed a normal, coached client for 30 minutes. Before the interview, one group of counselors received information indicating that the client had experienced depression in the past, and the other group received no such information. Immediately after the interview, the counselors rated the client in depressive symptoms. The occurrence of confirmatory statements and questions were obtained from an audiotape of the interview. The results showed that counselors who received preinterview information about previous client depression did not rate the client higher in depressive symptoms and made no more confirmatory statements and questions than the counselors who received no such information (p> 0.05). Implications of the findings are discussed.
Searching the schizophrenic brain for temporal lobe deficits: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2000)

The findings are hard to incorporate within single disease models that propose major involvement of the temporal system in schizophrenia, at least at the degree of resolution obtained with current imaging technology.
"Microgel diffusion blotting" for sensitive detection of antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (1990)

A fast immunoblotting procedure, termed "microgel diffusion blotting," is used to detect and identify antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (i.e., to Sm, RNP, and SSB) in patients with rheumatic diseases. The method differs from the standard immunoblotting techniques by the use of ultra-thin microgels for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: the very thin gel layer allows transfer of proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane by simple diffusion. Principal advantages of this variant technique are its simplicity, rapidity, and reproducibility--characteristics that make the test suitable for routine application. We compared the sensitivity of the test with that of double immunodiffusion in agarose for the evaluation of humoral antinuclear immunity. Microgel diffusion blotting detected antibodies in serum at concentrations less than 0.001 of those detectable by immunodiffusion.
The glycopeptide story – how to kill the deadly ‘superbugs’ (1996)

D. H. Williams, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1996, 13, 469 DOI: 10.1039/NP9961300469
The Nature, Occurrence and Engineering Significance of Groundwater (1990)

Groundwater is primarily precipitation which has infiltrated to some depth beneath the ground surface, and which has effectively saturated the soil or rock voids. Groundwater flow occurs in response to hydraulic gradients or head differences, and takes place preferentially in more permeable geological units or aquifers: unsaturated flow also takes place in the zone of aeration above the local or regional water table (= phreatic surface). Springs and seepages are points or areas of natural groundwater discharge at the surface, and have relevance both as potential water resources and as sites for drainage control measures in geotechnical practice. The investigation for and recovery of groundwater resources is a major area of professional practice, and both the quantity and quality of water is a determinant in its end-use. In geotechnical practice subsurface water may cause both construction and operational problems, and various control measures exist which can be grouped either as 'removal' or as 'exclusion'. Finally, the evaluation of groundwater resources requires considerable hydrogeological input, and likewise geotechnical practice should involve the development of site-specific models through the application of engineering geology methodology as a normal part of the design process.
Swedish manufacturer takes the plummer block housing a quantum leap forward : innovation case study : innovation (2008)

Standardised bearing housings are a cost-effective and reliable solution for many applications, where bearing arrangements for practical purposes cannot be integrated into a machine design.
A Query-Based Mechanism For Geometrical Objects Retrieval In Multimedia Information System (1994)

The basic elements of A Multimedia Cognitive-based Information Retrieval System called AMCIRS which integrates image and text information have been described elsewhere [Ill, [12]. The AMCIRS query based mechanism is based on multimedia objects content search using the vector model. The content search process is deduced to the similarity estimation between query and index vectors. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the similarity estimation model for geometrical objects as a part of a query mechanism of AMCIRS. Our model for polygon similarity estimation introduces a numerical measure of similarity between two polygons and gives acceptable results for all pol'on forms and any number of vertices. The algorithm based on this model as well as the simulation results are also given.
White organic light-emitting diodes with 9, 10-bis (2-naphthyl) anthracene (2009)

White organic light-emitting diodes were fabricated by 9, 10-bis (2-naphthyl) anthracene (ADN) doped with Rubrene with a structure of ITO/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) / NPB /ADN: Rubrene /Alq3 /CsF/Mg:Ag/Ag. Multilayer organic devices using AND and Rubrene as an emitting layer produced white emissions with good chromaticity and luminous efficiency as high as 5.93 cd/A. This performance can be explained by Förster energy transfer from the blue-emitting host to the orange-emitting dopant.
One for Twenty-Five: The Federal Courts Reverse a Decision of the NFL's Disability Board for the First Time since 1993 in Jani v. Bert Bell/Pete Rozelle NFL Player Retirement Plan (2008)

They're gladiators.When the game is over, these guys have to go home.And when it's over, a lot of them don't have a home to go to.
Investigation of beam steering performances in rotation Risley-prism scanner (2016)

Rotation Risley-prism scanner appears to be the most promising solution to high-accuracy beam scanning and target tracking. In the paper, some important issues crucial to the function implementation are thoroughly investigated. First the forming law of scan blind zone relative to double-prism structural parameters is explored by a quantitative analysis method. Then the nonlinear relationship between the rotation speeds of double prisms and the change rate of beam deviation angle is presented, and the beam scan singularity is indicated as an essential factor that confines the beam scan region. Finally, the high-accuracy radial scan theory is verified to illustrate the important application owing to the high reduction ratio from the rotation angles of double prisms to the deviation angles of the emergent beam. The research not only reveals the inner mechanisms of the Risley-prism beam scanning in principle, but also provide a foundation for the nonlinear control of various beam scan modes.
Where the Wild Things Are——Max的兽国暴走 (2010)

“在小时候，孩子总有一段情绪混乱的时期……他们竭尽所能地处理这样的混乱。孩子们通过幻想让情绪得以宣泄，这是他们驯服‘野兽’的最好方式。”这是《野兽国》（Where the wild Things Are）的作者Maurice Sendak（莫里斯·森达克）关于童年的哲学思考，而正是这样一种思考，成就了一部经久不衰的经典童话，令不论身处何种时代的人读起来都感触良多。
Design and Manufacture of a Low-Profile Radar Retro-Reflector (2005)

A passive retro-reflector can be defined as a device which reflects most of the energy incident upon it in the direction of the illuminator. Radar retro-reflectors are often passive, but active elements can be included to enhance the backscattered signal, or to modify it in some way, such as by the introduction of modulation or simulation of range profiles. Such devices have a significant role to play in the deception of sensors used by adversaries. This paper discusses radar retro-reflectors based on a Van Atta array. First, existing types of passive retro-reflector are compared. The relative advantages of a Van Atta array, a trihedral corner reflector, a Luneberg lens and a sphere are listed. It is demonstrated that, for certain applications, a Van Atta array is preferred. Next, the design of such a device is considered. Parameters discussed are element spacing, type and lengths of connections, and interconnection geometry. A Van Atta array, with a radar cross section (RCS) of 100 sq m at 10 GHz, has been built and tested. Measurement results are presented, and compared with theory, and with measured data for a trihedral corner reflector with a similar physical size. Finally, possible further developments are described. These include, in particular, the use of amplifiers to enhance the backscatter. The relationship between amplification factor, number of elements, directionality, performance, cost and size is briefly discussed.
Reversing Demosaicking and Compression in Color Filter Array Image Processing: Performance Analysis and Modeling (2006)

In the conventional processing chain of single-sensor digital still cameras (DSCs), the images are captured with color filter arrays (CFAs) and the CFA samples are demosaicked into a full color image before compression. To avoid additional data redundancy created by the demosaicking process, an alternative processing chain has been proposed to move the compression process before the demosaicking. Recent empirical studies have shown that the alternative chain can outperform the conventional one in terms of image quality at low compression ratios. To provide a theoretically sound basis for such conclusion, we propose analytical models for the reconstruction errors of the two processing chains. The models developed confirm the results of existing empirical studies and provide better understanding of DSC processing chains. The modeling also allows performance predictions for more advanced compression and demosaicking methods, thus providing important cues for future development in this area.
Staff stress on the intensive care unit: a comparison of doctors and nurses (1997)

Working on an intensive care unit is perceived as stressful. This study investigated occupational stress in staff working on an intensive care unit using the occupational stress indicator. Questionnaires were given to all intensive care staff; the replies were then analysed and compared with normative data. The response rate was 62%. Intensive care unit staff found aspects of their job relating to career and achievement and organisational design and structure more stressful than a normal working population. Their coping strategies differ but the only significantly different measure of adverse outcome was related to personal relationships at work. The job itself was not found to be a significant source of stress. Nursing staff have different sources of stress from medical staff and individuals with partners or children are relatively protected from stress.
Joint Learning of Phonetic Units and Word Pronunciations for ASR (2013)

The creation of a pronunciation lexicon remains the most inefficient process in developing an Automatic Speech Recognizer (ASR).In this paper, we propose an unsupervised alternative -requiring no language-specific knowledge -to the conventional manual approach for creating pronunciation dictionaries.We present a hierarchical Bayesian model, which jointly discovers the phonetic inventory and the Letter-to-Sound (L2S) mapping rules in a language using only transcribed data.When tested on a corpus of spontaneous queries, the results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed joint learning scheme over its sequential counterpart, in which the latent phonetic inventory and L2S mappings are learned separately.Furthermore, the recognizers built with the automatically induced lexicon consistently outperform grapheme-based recognizers and even approach the performance of recognition systems trained using conventional supervised procedures.
Cancer therapy based on oncogene addiction (2011)

Tumor cells contain multiple mutations, yet they often depend on continued expressed of a single oncoprotein for survival. Targeting these proteins has led to dramatic responses. Unfortunately, patients usually progress, through drug resistance or adaptive resistance through reprogramming of signaling networks. The Ras-MAPK pathway provides examples of these successes and failures, and has revealed unexpected degrees of oncogene addiction and signaling complexity that are likely to be useful lessons for the future of targeted therapy.
Premature ovarian failure (2006)

Early assessment of the individual's risk of developing POF, development of a strategic management plan, and timely commencement of infertility and hormone deficiency treatment, together with counselling in an integrated management plan should improve both the short and long-term health of those with POF.
Single cycle access cache for the misaligned data and instruction prefetch (2002)

In microprocessors, reducing the cache access time and the pipeline stall is critical to improve the system performance. To overcome the pipeline stall caused by the misaligned multi-words data or multi cycle accesses of prefetch codes which are placed over two cache lines, we proposed the Separated Word-line Decoding (SEWD) cache. SEWD cache makes it possible to access misaligned multiple words as well as aligned words in one clock cycle. This feature is invaluable in most microprocessors because the branch target address is usually misaligned, and many of data accesses are misaligned. 8K-byte SEWD cache chip consists of 489,000 transistors on a die size of 0.853/spl times/0.827 cm/sup 2/ and is implemented in 0.8 /spl mu/m DLM CMOS process operating at 60 MHz.
Chemotaxis of Zoospores for Root Exudates (1961)

A chemotactic response of the zoospores of a soil-inhabiting plant pathogenic fungus, Phytophthora cinnamomi, for roots of avocado seedlings was observed. The chemotaxis of the zoospores and chemotropy of their germ tubes were directly related to infection and disease production. Indications were obtained of specificity of the pathogen-attracting root exudate, and interesting implications are evident with regard to mechanisms of invasion and pathogenicity, and to disease resistance.
Modelling the effect of crop and weed on herbicide efficacy in wheat (1999)

Recommended field application rates of herbicides have to give effective weed control in every situation and are, thus, often higher than that required for specific fields. An understanding of the interaction between crop:weed competition and herbicide dose may, in many cases, allow herbicide application rates to be reduced, important both environmentally and economically. We have developed a model of the interaction between crop:weed competition and herbicide dose, using an empirical model of the relationship between crop yield and weed biomass (related to weed density), and an empirical model of the relationship between weed biomass and herbicide dose. The combined model predicts crop yield, given herbicide dose and weed biomass at an interim assessment date. These crop yield loss predictions may be used to quantify the herbicide dose required to restrict yield loss to a given percentage. Parameters of the model were estimated and the model tested, using results from experiments, which used cultivated oats ( Avena sativa ) or oilseed rape ( Brassica napus ) as model weeds in a crop of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum ).For the crop:weed:herbicide combinations investigated there was little increase in crop yield for herbicide dose rates above 20% of recommended field rates, in broad agreement with the model predictions. There may still be potential for further reduction below this level on economic grounds; the model could be used to estimate the `break‐even' herbicide dose.
Interaction of Cobalt Nanoparticles with Oxygen- and Nitrogen-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes and Impact on Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation Catalysis (2014)

The type and the amount of functional groups on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were tuned to improve the activity of supported Co nanoparticles in hydrogenation catalysis. Surface nitrogen species on CNTs significantly promoted the decomposition of the cobalt precursor and the reduction of cobalt oxide, and improved the resistance of metallic Co against oxidation in ambient atmosphere. In the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene in the gas phase, Co supported on CNTs with the highest surface nitrogen content showed the highest activity, which is ascribed to the higher reducibility and the lower oxidation state of the Co nanoparticles under reaction conditions. For Co nanoparticles supported on CNTs with a smaller amount of surface nitrogen groups, a repeated reduction at 350 °C was essential to achieve a comparable high catalytic activity reaching 90% conversion at 250 °C, pointing to the importance of nitrogen species for the supported Co nanoparticles in nitrobenzene hydrogenation.
Design of diode-pumped solid-state laser applied in laser fuses (2005)

The function of laser fuzes which are parts of certain weapon systems is to control the blasting height of warheads. Commonly the battle environment these weapon systems are confronted with is very complicated and the tactical demand for them is very rigor, so laser fuzes equipped for them must fulfill some special technical requirements, such as high repetition rate, long ranging scope, etc. Lasers are one of key components which constitute fuze systems. Whether designed lasers are advanced and reasonable will determine whether laser fuzes can be applied in these weapon systems or not. So we adopt the novel technology of diode-pumped solid-state laser (DPSSL) to design lasers applied in fuzes. Nd:YVO4 crystal is accepted as gain material, which has wide absorption band and large absorption efficient for 808nm pumping laser. As warhead's temperature is usually very high, wider absorption band is beneficial to reduce the influence of temperature fluctuation. Passive Q-switching with Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG is used to reduce the power consumption farthest. Design the end-pumped microchip sandwich-architecture to decrease lasers' size and increase the reliability, further it's advantageous to produce short pulses and increase peak power of lasers. The designed DPSSL features small size and weight, high repetition rate and peak power, robustness, etc. The repetition rate is expected to reach 1 kHz; peak power will exceed 300 kW; pulse width is only 5 ns; and divergence angle of laser beams is less than 5 mrad. So DPSSL is suitable for laser fuzes as an emitter.
Orientation of Multi-Hair Follicles in Nonbald Men (2006)

BACKGROUND There has been much debate about the orientation of multi-hair grafts in order to obtain an appearance of fullness after the hair transplantation. OBJECTIVES To analyze natural orientation of multi-hair follicles and the influence of hair flow from the crown swirl. METHODS Natural orientation of follicles was analyzed microscopically in 100 nonbald men: a clockwise whorl flow group (50 men) and a counterclockwise group (50 men). RESULTS The majority of multi-hair follicles were oriented perpendicular to the radial line from the whorl in both the groups. The percentage of perpendicular orientation was large in the peripheral and middle scalp areas (49–79%), and it decreased in the vertex (38–49%, p<.05 or .01). The percentages of parallel, right oblique, and left oblique orientation were small in the peripheral area with a slight increase in the vertex (3–12% vs. 14–24%, p<.05 or .01). CONCLUSION Original orientation of multi-hair follicles was mainly perpendicular to the radial line from the whorl irrelevant to the crown swirl hair flow. Multi-hair grafts transplanted perpendicularly would look similar to the natural hair follicles in the front half of the scalp.