gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ketorolac Tromethamine Transdermal Gel: Development, In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation (2009)

The authors developed and evaluated a transdermal gel formulation of ketorolac tromethamine (ketorolac) for the treatment of nociceptive somatic pain. The formulation was optimized for skin permeation enhancers, pH of the system, and dosage strength using in vitro and in vivo techniques. Of the various permeation enhancers evaluated, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and oleic acid were found to significantly increase skin permeation flux of ketorolac. The concentration of DMSO affected the rate as well as extent of transdermal absorption. Use of citric acid further improved the skin penetration of ketorolac. In vitro diffusion results indicated significant increase in drug permeation with increasing drug concentration. However, the same did not translate into higher skin permeation during in vivo study. Although the area under concentration time curve (AUC(0-t)) increased significantly with increasing dose, the effect on maximum serum concentration (C(max)) was insignificant. The formulation can be used for inflammatory pain management while avoiding gastric adverse events associated with oral ketorolac.
A history of infusoria, living and fossil. Arranged according to the "Infusionsthierchen" of C. H. Ehrenberg; containing coloured engravings, illustrative of all the genera, and descriptions of all the species in that work, with several new ones, to which is appended an account of those recently discovered in the chalk formations (1842)

INFUSOIUAL ANIMALCULES
Fluorescence lifetime FRET imaging of receptor-ligand complexes in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo (2017)

To guide the development of targeted therapies with improved efficacy and accelerated clinical acceptance, novel imaging methodologies need to be established. Toward this goal, fluorescence lifetime Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) imaging assays capitalize on the ability of antibodies or protein ligands to bind dimerized membrane bound receptors to measure their target engagement levels in cancer cells. Conventional FLIM FRET microscopy has been widely applied at visible wavelengths to detect protein-protein interactions in vitro. However, operation at these wavelengths restricts imaging quality and ability to quantitate lifetime changes in in vivo small animal optical imaging due to high auto-fluorescence and light scattering. Here, we have analyzed the uptake of iron-bound transferrin (Tf) probes into human breast cancer cells using FLIM-FRET microscopy in the visible and near-infrared (NIR) range. The development of NIR FLIM FRET microscopy allows for the use of quantitative lifetime-based molecular assays to measure drug-target engagement levels at multiple scales: from in vitro microscopy to in vivo small animal optical imaging (macroscopy). This novel approach can be extended to other receptors, currently targeted in oncology. Hence, lifetime-based molecular imaging can find numerous applications in drug delivery and targeted therapy assessment and optimization.
Impact of New Development of Ulcer-Like Projection on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Type B Aortic Dissection With Closed and Thrombosed False Lumen (2010)

Background— The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical importance of newly developed ulcer-like projection (ULP) in patients with type B aortic dissection with closed and thrombosed false lumen (AD with CTFL), which is better known as aortic intramural hematoma. Methods and Results— A total of 170 patients with acute type B AD with CTFL were admitted to our institution from 1986 to 2008 and treated initially with medical therapy. There were 31 late deaths, including 9 cases of aortic rupture. The actuarial survival rates of all patients were 99%, 89%, 83% at 1, 5, and 10 years, respectively. A total of 62 (36%) patients showed new ULP development within 30 days from the onset. Patients who had ULP showed significantly poorer survival rates than patients who did not have ULP ( P =0.037). Development of ULP was also associated with a significant increase in adverse aorta-related events ( P <0.001). In addition, patients with ULP in the proximal descending thoracic aorta (PD) showed significantly higher aorta-related event rates than patients without ULP in the PD ( P <0.001). Initial aortic diameter (hazard ratio, 3.55; P <0.001) and development of ULP in PD (hazard ratio, 3.79; P =0.003) were the strongest predictors of adverse aorta-related events. Conclusions— Initial aortic diameter and development of ULP in the PD are both strong predictors of adverse aorta-related events in patients with type B AD with CTFL. Patients with newly developed ULP should be more carefully followed up with close surveillance imaging than those without ULP.
Morphological and histochemical peculiarities of the gut in the white sturgeon, Acipenser transmontanus. (1999)

The gut of adult sturgeon was examined. The oesophageal mucosa contained numerous caliciform cells, synthesizing both neutral and acidic glycoconjugates, the latter of the sialylated type. The deep tunica propria-submucosa contained lobules of multilocular adipose tissue, specially abundant during the cold season. The oesophageal tunica muscularis was made up of a large sheath of striated muscle fibres, arranged orthogonally to a thin, subserous smooth muscle layer. The siphon-shaped stomach showed a ciliated epithelium in cardiac and gastric proper gland zones, where tubular glands were present in the tunica propria. The columnar cells which composed the superficial epithelium and gastric pits were demonstrated to synthesize almost exclusively neutral glycoconjugates. Appendices pyloricae constituted a glandular body equipped with intestinal mucosa. The intestinal mucosa was organized in folds, containing numerous caliciform cells which synthesized neutral or acidic glycoconjugates, the latter either of the sialylated and sulphated type. The sulphoglycoconjugates were more abundant in the caliciform cells of the distal intestinal tracts. The tunica propria-submucosa of the spiral valve (medium intestine) contained lymphatic tissue and large lymphatic follicles. A muscularis mucosae was present only in the rectum, where in addition a peculiar granular cell type was present in the superficial tunica propria-submucosa, possibly related to defensive properties. The subserous connective tissue contained pancreatic lobules all along the stomach and intestine. The enteric nervous system showed some special aspects, the most intriguing of which was the presence of large, longitudinally oriented nerve bundles in the t. propria-submucosa of oesophagus and cardiac stomach. The nerve bundles contained, near unmyelinated nerves, some myelinated nerves, as well as neuronal bodies. Both these aspects are exceptional in vertebrates and obscure in their significance. The structural and histochemical aspects we here describe are in part different from those described for other fish. Some of these special features are possibly related with special functional roles, others require a deeper insight and different approaches to clarify them functionally.
FROCH: a fuzzy expert system with easy maintenance (2002)

Maintenance is a problem with all knowledge based systems, including fuzzy rule based systems. Although the use of fuzzy concepts partially reduces the maintenance problems, it introduces other problems in tuning the numbers used by the system. Ripple Down Rules (RDR) largely overcomes the maintenance problems for conventional crisp systems. The aim of this work was to apply the RDR approach to fuzzy rules to facilitate the maintenance and tuning of the numbers involved. On the other hand, the use of fuzzy concepts in the RDR system would allow the more natural expression of concepts, which is the main advantage of a fuzzy approach. The paper presents a theoretical foundation for combining RDR and fuzzy concepts.
Accuracy of Exhaust Emission Factor Measurements on Chassis Dynamometer (2009)

To improve the accuracy, reliability, and representativeness of emission factors, 10 European laboratories worked together to study the influence of 20 parameters on the measurement of light-vehicle emission factors on chassis dynamometer of 4 main categories: driving patterns, vehicle-related parameters, vehicle sampling, and laboratory-related parameters. The results are based on (1) literature synthesis, (2) approximately 2700 specific tests with 183 vehicles, and (3) the reprocessing of more than 900 tests. These tests concern the regulated atmospheric pollutants and pre-Euro to Euro 4 vehicles. Of the 20 parameters analyzed, 7 seemed to have no effect, 7 were qualitatively influential, and 6 were highly influential (gearshift strategy, vehicle mileage, ambient temperature, humidity, dilution ratio, and driving cycle). The first four of the six were able to have correction factors developed for them. The results allow for the design of recommendations or guidelines for the emission factor measurement method.
Elucidation of the paratope of scFv-8H9D4, a PAI-1 neutralizing antibody derivative (2003)

Interfering with increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) might offer new therapeutic strategies for a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Inactivation of PAI-1 can be accomplished by a number of monoclonal antibodies (MA), including MA-8H9D4. In a previous study, a single-chain variable fragment (scFv-8H9D4) was cloned and found to have the same properties as the parental MA-8H9D4. In the present study, we identified the residues of scFv-8H9D4 that contribute significantly to the paratope. The complementarity determining region 3 from the heavy (H3) and the light (L3) chain were analysed through site-directed mutagenesis. Out of twelve mutations, only four residues appeared to contribute to the paratope. The affinity of scFv-8H9D4-H3-L97D for PAI-1 was 38-fold decreased (K(A) = 4.8 +/- 0.2 x 10(7) M(-1) vs. 1.8 +/- 0.7 x 10(9) M(-1) for scFv-8H9D4) whereas scFv-8H9D4-H3-R98Y did not bind to PAI-1. The affinities of scFv-8H9D4-L3-Y91S and scFv-8H9D4-L3-F94D for PAI-1 were 9- and 5-fold reduced, respectively, whereas the combined mutation resulted in an 86-fold decreased affinity (K(A) = 2.1 +/- 0.2 x 10(7) M(-1)). In accordance with the affinity data, these mutants had no, or a reduced, PAI-1 inhibitory capacity, confirming that these four particular residues form the major interaction site of scFv-8H9D4 with PAI-1. In combination with the three-dimensional structure, these data contribute to the rational design of PAI-1 neutralizing compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2λ5σ5‐Oxaphospholenes from Trialkyl Phosphites and Z‐1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐4‐hydroxy‐3‐penten‐2‐one. (1989)

Abstract The trialkyl phosphites (I) perform ring closure with the ketone (II) mentioned in the title to give the oxaphospholenes (IIIa) and (IIIb) from the symmetrical phosphites (Ia) and (Ib) or a mixture of the diastereomers (IIIc), (IIId), (IVc), and (IVd) from the cyclic methyl phosphites (Ic) or (Id).
A new species of Phanerotoma Wesmael (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cheloninae) parasitoid of the carob moth in South Africa (2017)

A new species, Phanerotoma carobivora van Achterberg & Thackeray, sp. nov. is described from South Africa. It is a common endoparasitoid of the carob moth (Ectomyelois ceratoniae Zeller (Pyralidae) on pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) and citrus fruits in South Africa. Mean percentage of parasitism varied 2-30% between host plants and sampled localities.
A General Guideline for Vertically Resolved Imaging of Manufacturing Defects in Organic Tandem Solar Cells (2020)

Abstract Organic tandem solar cells recently made great improvements with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 15%, making them attractive for further large‐scale production and industrial applications. However, compared to their single‐junction counterparts, the complicated device architectures of organic tandem solar cells strongly restrict their processing and upscaling to larger scales. Therefore, fast and reliable quality control measures are crucial for developing organic tandem photovoltaic technologies towards commercialization. Some of the most widely used means for quality control are luminescence imaging and lock‐in thermography respectively. While effective techniques, they are limited in some respects. For example, determining the lateral position of a defect is easily possible, while the exact resolution in which layer of a thin film stack a defect is located, is challenging. This is particularly the case for tandem cells with complicated multi‐layer cell architectures. This approach to overcome this challenge is the introduction of well‐defined artificial defects into certain layers of an organic tandem cell stack and subsequently performing imaging analysis of the defected cells with several complementary methods. The unique response from cells with artificial defects using different imaging techniques and excitation sources can then be transferred to the imaging of devices with naturally occurring manufacturing defects.
Periodic deviations of the field emission current of a carbon nanotube from the Fowler-Nordheim law (2007)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied using a field electron microscope (electron projector) and a dispersive electron energy analyzer. In the range of emission voltages studied, the field-emitted electron energy distributions showed periodic transformations. The corresponding probe current-voltage characteristics exhibited periodic deviations (reaching 20 and 50% for the two CNT samples studied) from the Fowler-Nordheim law toward lower values of the current. The observed phenomenon is explained in terms of the interference model of thermoelectron emission at high voltages.
Homeostatic plasticity in human motor cortex demonstrated by two consecutive sessions of paired associative stimulation (2007)

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) underlie most models of learning and memory, but neural activity would grow or shrink in an uncontrolled manner, if not guarded by stabilizing mechanisms. The Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro (BCM) rule proposes a sliding threshold for LTP/LTD induction: LTP induction becomes more difficult if neural activity was high previously. Here we tested if this form of homeostatic plasticity applies to the human motor cortex (M1) in vivo by examining the interactions between two consecutive sessions of paired associative stimulation (PAS). PAS consisted of repeated pairs of electrical stimulation of the right median nerve followed by transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left M1. The first PAS session employed an interstimulus interval equalling the individual N20-latency of the median nerve somatosensory-evoked cortical potential plus 2 ms, N20-latency minus 5 ms, or a random alternation between these intervals, to induce an LTP-like increase in motor-evoked potential (MEP) amplitudes in the right abductor pollicis brevis muscle (PAS(LTP)), an LTD-like decrease (PAS(LTD)), or no change (PAS(Control)), respectively. The second PAS session 30 min later was always PAS(LTP). It induced an moderate LTP-like effect if conditioned by PAS(Control), which increased if conditioned by PAS(LTD), but decreased if conditioned by PAS(LTP). Effects on MEP amplitude induced by the second PAS session exhibited a negative linear correlation with those in the first PAS session. Because the two PAS sessions activate identical neuronal circuits, we conclude that 'homosynaptic-like' homeostatic mechanisms in accord with the BCM rule contribute to regulating plasticity in human M1.
Impact and Perspective on Chronic Kidney Disease in an Asian Developing Country: A Large-Scale Survey in North Vietnam (2008)

We found a significant number of CKD patients in Vietnam. To avoid a CKD pandemic in Asia including Vietnam, we strongly suggest further analyses of risk factors and prognosis of CKD in these populations, and the development of efficient management systems suitable for Asia.
ChemInform Abstract: Redox Alkylation of Tyrosine Derivatives. (1986)

Abstract Reaction of the trityl‐protected L‐tyrosine (Ia) with the corresponding alkyl halides (II) in the presence of NaH gives the O‐alkylated tyrosines (Ib) and (Ic) in moderate yields.
Isolation, positioning and manipulation of Mo6S3I6 by (di)electrophoresis (2004)

We report on the isolation, positioning and manipulation of nanowire bundles of Mo6S3I6. Electrophoresis is found to be useful for separating bundles of different size. Dielectrophoresis was shown to be an effective way to self‐assemble Mo6S3I6 nanowires onto metal electrodes, which were used for field emission and for electrical measurements.
nicter: An Incident Analysis System Toward Binding Network Monitoring with Malware Analysis (2008)

We have been developing the Network Incident analysis Center for Tactical Emergency Response (nicter), whose present focus is on detecting and identifying propagating malwares such as worms, viruses, and bots. The nicter presently monitors darknet, a set of unused IP addresses, to observe macroscopic trends of network threats. Meantime, it keeps capturing and analyzing malware executables in the wild for their microscopic analysis. Finally, these macroscopic and microscopic analysis results are correlated in order to identify the root cause of the detected network threats. This paper describes a brief overview of the nicter, and possible contributions to the Worldwide Observatory of Malicious Behavior and Attack Tools (WOMBAT).
Experimental Determination of Scroll Compressor Lubrication System Performance (1990)

The performance and reliability of hermetic compressor lubrication systems are recognized as vital aspects of compressor design. Previous papers have dealt with both tbeorer::ical and experimental determination of lubrication system performance for rolling piston type rotary and for reciprocating type compressors. This paper describes a test apparatus suitable to dctennine the lubrication system operating characteristics of a scroll compressor. Test results are described and compared to predicted performance per the modeling technique described by Waser, 1986 Purdue Compressor Conference.
Wound Ballistics-Reply (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Adams' calculations do not support his contention that by "size" Amato et al meant area instead of diameter. The area of the 70.4-mm diameter cavity (11 sphere diameters of 6.4 mm each) is 3892 mm<sup>2</sup>, not 972 mm<sup>2</sup>. Rather than 30-fold, this is a 122-fold difference. If they did mean area, Amato et al erred even more in interpreting their data than I stated. Clearly, the majority of uncomplicated extremity gunshot wounds can be safely managed by simple means. The article by Marcus et al was cited because it implies that only low-velocity gunshot wounds can be handled this way. The initial information given about a shooting (weapon, bullet, and range) is notoriously inaccurate on the urban battle-field of our larger cities. Drs Marcus and Blair's thesis that "an analysis of the history of the injury [is] mandatory to arrive at the appropriate treatment" would
Assembly of collagen types II, IX and XI into nascent hetero‐fibrils by a rat chondrocyte cell line (2003)

The cell line, RCS-LTC (derived from the Swarm rat chondrosarcoma), deposits a copious extracellular matrix in which the collagen component is primarily a polymer of partially processed type II N-procollagen molecules. Transmission electron microscopy of the matrix shows no obvious fibrils, only a mass of thin unbanded filaments. We have used this cell system to show that the type II N-procollagen polymer nevertheless is stabilized by pyridinoline cross-links at molecular sites (mediated by N- and C-telopeptide domains) found in collagen II fibrils processed normally. Retention of the N-propeptide therefore does not appear to interfere with the interactions needed to form cross-links and mature them into trivalent pyridinoline residues. In addition, using antibodies that recognize specific cross-linking domains, it was shown that types IX and XI collagens, also abundantly deposited into the matrix by this cell line, become covalently cross-linked to the type II N-procollagen. The results indicate that the assembly and intertype cross-linking of the cartilage type II collagen heteropolymer is an integral, early process in fibril assembly and can occur efficiently prior to the removal of the collagen II N-propeptides.
OSTEOPOROSIS AND VITAMIN-D DEFICIENCY AMONG POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS UNDERGOING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (2003)

A substantial portion of these sixty-eight white women with osteoarthritis of the hip had occult osteoporosis and hypovitaminosis D. Vitamin-D deficiency was not restricted to the group with low bone density. These results support the need to consider the presence of both osteoporosis and vitamin-D deficiency in women with advanced osteoarthritis.
How much general practitioners empathize with patients? (2020)

Abstract Introduction Thanks to the privileged relationship that the general practitioner establishes with patients, he well knows their personal background and assesses the disorders as a whole, without focusing only on unique pathology. The aim of the work were: I) to assess the level of concordance between the health profile (HP) of the patient measured by the doctor and that measured by the patient, and II) to and assess which variables influence the perception. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between Aug 2019-Jan 2020 in a primary care setting. To assess health-related quality of life we administered the EuroQol 5d-5L to patients (EQ-p). Simultaneously, we asked the doctors to fill in the questionnaire 'from the patient's point of view' (EQ-d), also based on data collected in the computerized clinical diary. Data was collected anonymously and the statistical analysis was carried out using Stata 14 (Cohen's kappa; Fisher test). Results The sample consisted of 223 patients (46% men). The mean age was 56.5±19.6 (min 18-max95). The mean BMI was 25.5±5 (28% overweight; 18% obese). Significant differences by gender were found in Pain and Anxiety/Depression dimensions (44% of men had not pain vs 33% of women (p = 0.03) and 56% of men had no Anxiety/Depression vs 36% of women (p &lt; 0.01)). These differences were not detected by doctors; As regards the concordance between EQ-p and EQ-d, it was moderate for Mobility (k = 0.45; p &lt; 0.01) and Self-Care (k = 0.46; p &lt; 0.01). The agreement was fair for usual activities (k = 0.39; p &lt; 0.01) and it was poor for Pain/Discomfort (k = 0.14; p &lt; 0.01), Anxiety/Depression (K = 0.19; p &lt; 0.01) and EQ Index (k = 0.11 p &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Our analysis shows a greater concordance especially for the dimensions that appear more objective (Mobility and self-care) than the subjective ones (Pain, Anxiety). The physicians do not seem to take into account the differences in perception between men and women when they empathize with patients. Key messages The general practitioner knows the personal history of his patients and assesses the disorders as a whole, without focusing only on the specific pathology. In the exercise of the identification, he seems to understand mainly dimensions that appear more objective without grasping the differences in perception between men and women.
Bipyridylium quaternary salts and related compounds. Part 6.—Pulse radiolysis studies of the reaction of paraquat radical analogues with oxygen (1978)

Decay curves have been measured for reaction with oxygen of radicals derived by pulse radiolysis from a series of bipyridylium salts. The shapes of the curves were consistent with decay due to reaction of the bipyridyl radicals with both oxygen and superoxide ion, and rate constants k1 and k2 for these reactions were estimated. For compounds with redox potentials above –0.2 V, the reverse reaction, between superoxide ion and bipyridylium salt, was included in the kinetic scheme. k1 values were mostly between 4 and 9 × 108 dm3 mol–1 s–1 and k2 values were all higher.The correlation of rate constants with difference between redox potentials of donor and acceptor is discussed.