gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone: Past, present & future (2015)

The Land–ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) project was established in 1993 as a core project of the International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP) to provide the science knowledge to answer “How will changes in land use, sea level and climate alter coastal systems, and what are the wider consequences?” In its first phase of operation (1993–2003) LOICZ began a fundamental investigation focused on biophysical dimensions, including seminal assessments of coastal seas as net sources or sinks of atmospheric CO2, river discharge to the oceans, and biogeochemical modelling. In the second generation of LOICZ (2004–2014), increased attention was paid to the human dimensions of the coast, involving the inclusion of cross-cutting themes such as coastal governance, social-ecological systems, ecological economics and activities around capacity building and the promotion of early career scientists. This paper provides a synthesis of this work and looks forward to the future challenges for the project. With the transition to Future Earth, there is a paradigm shift emerging. The new vision is to support transformation to a sustainable and resilient future for society and nature on the coast, by facilitating innovative, integrated and solutions-oriented science. Realising this vision takes LOICZ into a third generation: to be at the forefront of co-designing, co-producing and co-implementing knowledge for coastal resilience and sustainability. LOICZ as Future Earth Coasts will continue to address ‘hotspots’ of coastal vulnerability, focusing on themes of dynamic coasts, human development and the coast, and pathways to global coastal sustainability and constraints thereof.
Concerning the Isomerization of Δ<sup>1</sup>-to Δ<sup>1(6)</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConcerning the Isomerization of Δ1-to Δ1(6)-Tetrahydrocannabinol1Y. Gaoni and R. MechoulamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 23, 5673–5675Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00975a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00975a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternation of [Ge<sub>5</sub>O<sub>11</sub>H]− Inorganic Sheets and Dabconium Cations in a Novel Layered Germanate:  Catalytic Properties (2002)

Ge5O11H[C6N2H13] has been hydrothermally synthesized. The structure of the material has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. This novel layered germanate consists of an alternation of [Ge5O11H]− inorganic sheets and monoprotonated 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane molecules. It exhibits an arrangement of 4- and 10-ring in infinite layers not observed before. The catalytic activity in Michael reactions has been tested showing that the addition occurs at the amine centers in the interlayer space. Reuse of the catalyst and the persistence of its structure after recovering has been proved.
Orbital Implants : Review of Results obtained at the Moorfields Branch of the Moorfields, Westminster and Central Eye Hospital, London (1952)

ENUCLEATION of an eye is likely to remain one of the commoner ophthalmic procedures. Out of approximately 4,000 operations performed at the Moorfields branch of the Moorfields, Westminster and Central Eye Hospital in 1950, 200 were for excision of an eye. A number of these were blind, painful eyes-thrombotic glaucoma, for example-in elderly people, in whom cosmetic considerations would be satisfied by an ordinary painted shell for the socket. These patients were commonly very grateful for the operation. Many of the remaining eyes were excised either after severe injury resulting in a disorganized and possibly dangerous globe, or for choroidal sarcoma. Here the patients not only lose what may well be a good seeing eye, but they are also much concerned with their post-operative appearance. Many of these patients are young, with their careers before them, and their future could well be affected by having an obviously false eye.
A Homogeneous System for the Photogeneration of Hydrogen from Water Based on a Platinum(II) Terpyridyl Acetylide Chromophore and a Molecular Cobalt Catalyst (2008)

The complex [Co(dmgH)2pyCl]2+ (1, dmgH = dimethylglyoximate, py = pridine) has been used as a molecular catalyst for visible light driven hydrogen production in the presence of [Pt(tolylterpyridine)(phenylacetylide)]+ (3) as a photosensitizer and triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial reducing agent. Complex 3 is quenched oxidatively by [Co(dmgH)pyCl]2+ (1) with a rate constant kq of 1.27 x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). Photogeneration of H2 is only seen when 1 + 3 + TEOA are all present. H2 production is maximized for this system at pH 8.5 and declines to very low levels at pH < 7 and pH > 12. Irradiation of the reaction solution initially containing 1.61 x 10(-2) M TEOA, 1.11 x 10(-5) M of 3, and 1.99 x 10(-4) M of Co catalyst 1 in MeCN/water (3:2 v/v) at pH = 8.5 for 10 h with lambda > 410 nm yields 400 turnovers of H2. When TEOA is 0.27 M, approximately 1000 turnovers are obtained after 10 h of irradiation. Spectroscopic study of the photolyses solutions suggests that H2 formation proceeds via Co(I) and protonation to form Co(III) hydride species.
Sequence-specific protein aggregation generates defined protein knockdowns in plants (2016)

Protein aggregation is determined by short (5-15 amino acids) aggregation-prone regions (APRs) of the polypeptide sequence that self-associate in a specific manner to form β-structured inclusions. Here, we demonstrate that the sequence specificity of APRs can be exploited to selectively knock down proteins with different localization and function in plants. Synthetic aggregation-prone peptides derived from the APRs of either the negative regulators of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, the glycogen synthase kinase 3/Arabidopsis SHAGGY-like kinases (GSK3/ASKs), or the starch-degrading enzyme α-glucan water dikinase were designed. Stable expression of the APRs in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and maize (Zea mays) induced aggregation of the target proteins, giving rise to plants displaying constitutive BR responses and increased starch content, respectively. Overall, we show that the sequence specificity of APRs can be harnessed to generate aggregation-associated phenotypes in a targeted manner in different subcellular compartments. This study points toward the potential application of induced targeted aggregation as a useful tool to knock down protein functions in plants and, especially, to generate beneficial traits in crops.
PrPSc Incorporation to Cells Requires Endogenous Glycosaminoglycan Expression (2005)

Many lines of evidence suggest an interaction between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and the PrP proteins as well as a possible role for GAGs in prion disease pathogenesis. In this work, we sought to determine whether the PrP-GAG interaction affects the incorporation of PrP(Sc) (the scrapie isoform of PrP) to normal cells. This may be the first step in prion disease pathogenesis. To this effect, we incubated proteinase K-digested hamster scrapie brain homogenates with several lines of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the presence or absence of heparin. Our results show that over a large range of PrP(Sc) concentrations the binding of PrP(Sc) to wild type CHO cells, which do not express detectable PrP, was equivalent to the binding of PrP(Sc) to CHO cells overexpressing PrP. A significant part of PrP(Sc) binding to both lines could be inhibited by heparin. Additional evidence that PrP(Sc) binding to cells was dependent on the presence of GAGs could be concluded from the fact that the binding of PrP(Sc) to CHO cells missing GAGs on the cell surface was significantly reduced. Interestingly, preincubation of scrapie brain homogenate with heparin before intraperitoneal inoculation into normal hamsters resulted in a significant delay in prion disease manifestation.
<p>Could Inflammaging and Its Sequelae Be Prevented or Mitigated?</p> (2019)

Aged humans display a chronic and low-grade inflammation, termed "inflammaging", which has been potentially linked to the subsequent development of some aging-associated systemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease and obesity. Though the origin of aging-associated systemic inflammation is uncertain, epidemiological studies show that inflammatory dermatoses (psoriasis and eczema) are risk factors for some aging-associated systemic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Moreover, recent studies demonstrate that epidermal dysfunction in aged skin not only causes cutaneous inflammation, but also a subsequent increase in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines, suggesting that the skin could be a major contributor to inflammaging. This hypothesis is further supported by reductions in circulating levels of proinflammatory cytokines in both aged humans and murine, following improvements in epidermal function with topical emollients. Therefore, correction of epidermal dysfunction could be a novel approach for the prevention and mitigation of certain inflammation-associated chronic disorders in aged humans.
Development of Cutting Force Measurement System for Gear Hobbing (2011)

Increasing demands for high quality and high performance gear manufacturing are reflected in a need for a model based investigation of gear hobbing process. This paper presents the development of a system for online measurement of actual cutting force components during gear hobbing. Although there are a large number of well developed cutting force measuring systems for different machining operations available in the market, it is difficult to find a system tailored to the requirements of a gear hobbing process. Hence, a fixture containing piezoelectric dynamometer and telemetry device is developed. The fixture is designed taking the real machining circumstances into consideration. The telemetry system enables wireless measurement of cutting force while machining. Multiphysics finite element analysis and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) are used as tools for modeling, simulation, and calibration of the developed system. Final stage of this work includes conducting hobbing experiments to validate both the model and the force measurement system.
Noninvasive detection of the distinction between progressive and compensated hydrocephalus in infants: is it possible? (2010)

In infants with hydrocephalus, normal CBF and low ADC values, as measured using MR imaging, are associated with compensated hydrocephalus and may support a conservative approach with respect to the decision on whether to place a shunt.
Detection of Antibody-Like Structures on Cell Surfaces with Chemically Modified Bacteriophages (1971)

Abstract Antibody-like structures present on cell surfaces may be detected by means of an assay using chemically modified bacteriophages. Guinea pig spleen and peritoneal cells bound specifically the chemically modified bacteriophage T4. The reaction occurred at low temperatures and in the presence of inhibitors of protein biosynthesis and of pinocytosis. Upon exposure to the corresponding hapten, the dinitrophenyl (DNP)-phages or the penicilloyl (Pen)-phages could be released from cells and subsequently counted. The specific binding of DNP-bacteriophage T4 was almost abolished after prior treatment of cells with an affinity labeling reagent. The ability of peritoneal macrophage cells to bind the modified phage was due to the cytophilic antibodies passively adsorbed in vivo or in vitro. No such reaction occurred when cells from normal guinea pigs were used. In the spleen suspension, most of the modified phages were bound to non-adhering lymphocytes. Spleen cells from both normal and immunized guinea pigs were capable of interacting specifically with DNP-phage or Pen-phage. This ability was probably due to the receptor sites present on surfaces of lymphoid cells.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS WITH 3,5-PYRAZOLINEDIONES PART 2, BEHAVIOUR OF 4-ARYLAZO-1-PHENYLPYRAZOLINE-3,5-DIONES TOWARDS GRIGNARD REAGENTS, AMINES, AND DIAZOMETHANE (1973)

Die Pyrazolidindione (II) reagieren mit Phenyl-MgBr in siedendem Benzol zu den Phenylpyrazolinonen (I) , mit Benzylamin bzw. Piperidin bei 100°C unter Ringöffnung zu den Hydraziden (III).
Transverse Crack Propagation in the Specimen Width Direction of CFRP Laminates under Static Tensile Loadings (2002)

The damage process of transverse cracks in cross-ply and quasiisotropic toughened CFRP laminates under static loading is studied. To investigate specimen configuration effect on width-direction propagation of transverse cracks, coupon specimens with ranges of specimen width and transverse ply thickness are tested. Detailed observations of transverse cracks indicate that there are consecutive three-stage processes of edge crack initiation, edge crack increase without inward propagation, and crack propagation across the width in quasiisotropic laminates, whereas simultaneous transverse crack propagation takes place across the width in conjunction with new edge crack formation in cross-ply laminates. The detailed process of transverse cracking is investigated using three-dimensional FEA in order to clarify the difference of damage process between quasiisotropic and cross-ply laminates. It is shown that damage mode transition from edge cracking to widthwise propagation can be characterized with energy release rates near free-edges and inner regions. Finally, an average propagation model based on the conventional two-dimensional models is presented and verified with experimental results and FEA. Useful information about experimental results of transverse crack propagation and the characterization of edge cracking and inward propagation isprovided.
Life cycle costs and economical budget of optical and hybrid access networks (1993)

A methodology for the assessment of optical access networks for the residential and small business user is presented. Its objective is the calculation of the overall financial budget of any kind of access system and includes the discount system cost, operation, maintenance and powering costs, life cycle costs and the cash balance of the project. This enables the comparison of various optical or hybrid architectures through a global systems assessment and contributes to the identification of minimum-risk introduction strategies. The methodology and the tool developed are being validated by comparison to operating European networks and field trials.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of 11beta-HSD1 inhibition ameliorates metabolic syndrome and prevents progression of atherosclerosis in mice. (2005)

The enzyme 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1 converts inactive cortisone into active cortisol in cells, thereby raising the effective glucocorticoid (GC) tone above serum levels. We report that pharmacologic inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 has a therapeutic effect in mouse models of metabolic syndrome. Administration of a selective, potent 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor lowered body weight, insulin, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in diet-induced obese mice and lowered fasting glucose, insulin, glucagon, triglycerides, and free fatty acids, as well as improved glucose tolerance, in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Most importantly, inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 slowed plaque progression in a murine model of atherosclerosis, the key clinical sequela of metabolic syndrome. Mice with a targeted deletion of apolipoprotein E exhibited 84% less accumulation of aortic total cholesterol, as well as lower serum cholesterol and triglycerides, when treated with an 11beta-HSD1 inhibitor. These data provide the first evidence that pharmacologic inhibition of intracellular GC activation can effectively treat atherosclerosis, the key clinical consequence of metabolic syndrome, in addition to its salutary effect on multiple aspects of the metabolic syndrome itself. PMID: 16103409
Best Multipoint Local Approximation (1981)

The problem of best multipoint local approximation is posed and discussed. In special cases, these approximants are solutions of certain minimax problems.
Long‐term variability in the equatorial middle atmosphere zonal wind (1996)

The high resolution Doppler imager (HRDI) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) has provided measurements of the horizontal wind field in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere since November 1991. This data set, which spans a period of more than 3 years, has facilitated an investigation of the long‐term behavior of the background circulation on a nearly global basis. At middle and high latitudes the zonal circulation is characterized by an annual oscillation. At low latitudes (±30°) the most prominent long‐term variation above the stratopause is the mesosphere semiannual oscillation (MSAO), which maximizes near the equator at an altitude of between 80 and 85 km. Further analysis of the time series reveals an additional strong variation, with an amplitude near 30 ms −1 and a period of about 2 years. This feature shows the same altitude and latitude structure as the MSAO and exhibits a phase relationship with the stratospheric quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO). Observations from the Christmas Island MF radar (2°N, 130°W) confirm the presence of this mesospheric QBO (MQBO). These observations support recent findings from a modeling study which generates an MQBO via the selective filtering of small‐scale gravity waves by the underlying winds they traverse.
A phase 1/pharmacokinetic study of sunitinib in combination with highly active antiretroviral therapy in human immunodeficiency virus‐positive patients with cancer: AIDS Malignancy Consortium trial AMC 061 (2014)

Patients receiving non-ritonavir-based HAART regimens tolerated standard dosing of sunitinib. Patients receiving ritonavir-based therapy who were treated with a dose of 37.5 mg/day experienced higher toxicities. Dose reductions of sunitinib to 37.5 mg may be warranted in patients receiving ritonavir.
Is wound drainage necessary after lumbar spinal fusion surgery? (2005)

Lumbar spinal fusion for degenerative disease without closed suction drainage in the immediate post-op period does not appear to increase the risks of wound related complications postoperatively as compared to historical controls. The routine use of postoperative closed-suction drainage following a single level posterior lumbar fusion for degenerative disease is not supported by the currently available literature. Such a conclusion is not applicable in nondegenerative pathologies such as metastatic disease following radiation where the risk of bleeding and wound complications may be much greater. In addition, individual patient subgroups with degenerative disease, such as those at risk for perioperative epidural bleeding, may benefit from the placement of a perisurgical drain.
On ordered self-assembled multi-layer membrane for biological applications (2002)

A new method for preparing a self-assembled multi-layer lipid membrane (S-MLM) is proposed here. The structures of the obtained membranes are studied by atomic force microscopy and by rotating anode X-ray diffractometry at small angles. The result demonstrates a smooth surface and an ordered layer structure. The membranes are observed to be stable over several weeks and are suitable for antibody-antigen reactions. The possibility for medical and engineering applications is analyzed.
Risk of thromboembolism in 14 000 individuals with coeliac disease (2007)

The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) was examined in individuals with coeliac disease (CD). The Swedish national inpatient register was used to identify 14 207 individuals with a diagnosis of CD (1964-2003). These individuals were matched for age, sex, calendar year and county with 69 048 reference individuals. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for subsequent thromboembolism in individuals with more than 1 year of follow-up and no prior VTE. CD was associated with an increased risk of subsequent VTE (HR = 1.86; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.54-2.24). The risk increase was restricted to individuals with CD diagnosed in adulthood. Risk estimates were not affected by the presence of diabetes mellitus or concomitant surgery. Compared with inpatients as reference individuals, CD individuals remained at increased risk of subsequent VTE (adjusted HR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.06-1.52). In conclusion, this study found a statistically significantly positive association between CD and VTE. This modest association might be explained by a combination of surveillance bias and chronic inflammation.
Distinctive stages and strain variations of <i>A. baumannii</i> biofilm development under shear flow (2013)

These specific characteristics in biofilm formation may contribute to this organism's ability to disseminate within health-care environments.
SU-8 Cantilevers for Bio/chemical Sensing; Fabrication, Characterisation and Development of Novel Read-out Methods (2008)

Here, we present the activities within our research group over the last five yearswith cantilevers fabricated in the polymer SU-8. We believe that SU-8 is an interestingpolymer for fabrication of cantilevers for bio/chemical sensing due to its simple processingand low Young's modulus. We show examples of different integrated read-out methodsand their characterisation. We also show that SU-8 cantilevers have a reduced sensitivity tochanges in the environmental temperature and pH of the buffer solution. Moreover, weshow that the SU-8 cantilever surface can be functionalised directly with receptormolecules for analyte detection, thereby avoiding gold-thiol chemistry.