gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impedances Of Sensor-like Systems: Cells With Even Or Odd Numbers Of Interfaces (2005)

Impedance data, e.g. system responses, from perturbing small amplitude applied signals of near dc to high kilohertz, give chemical information. Analysis of frequency-dependent imaginary and real impedances requires prior chemical and physical significance determined from model systems. Interpretation of bulk transport processes, surface kinetic effects and diffusion phenomena, depends on the type of contacts: symmetric ion contact, symmetric metal contact or asymmetric metal-ion interfaces, and cell design: even (battery or sensor) and odd numbered (junction/ immiscible liquid) interfaces in a system.
Postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the trachea. (1987)

A 77-yr-old woman presented with a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the trachea 11 yr after right subtotal thyroidectomy and delivery of 5,400 rads to the neck for infiltrating papillary thyroid carcinoma. The tumor developed in the irradiated area. Postirradiation MFH tends to occur in subcutaneous tissues, and is rare in lung parenchyma or airways.
The Separation and Analysis of Labelled Antibodies (1954)

Journal Article The Separation and Analysis of Labelled Antibodies Get access David W. Talmage, David W. Talmage From the Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard R. Baker, Howard R. Baker From the Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wayne Akeson Wayne Akeson From the Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago 37, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 94, Issue 2, March 1954, Pages 199–212, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/94.2.199 Published: 01 March 1954 Article history Received: 02 September 1953 Published: 01 March 1954
A study of silicon interstitial kinetics using silicon membranes: Applications to 2D dopant diffusion (1987)

The kinetics of silicon interstitial generation, recombination, and diffusion in floatzone (FZ) and Czochralski (CZ) silicon were studied during oxidation at 1100 °C using thin silicon membranes as test structures. One side of the membrane was oxidized to inject interstitials and the other side was covered with films of pad-oxide and silicon nitride. The interstitial concentration was monitored at both sides of the membrane simultaneously to determine the interface and transport kinetics of interstitials. The interstitial supersaturation at the oxidizing side was found to be insensitive to both the thickness variation and to the interface condition of the other side of the membrane. A model for this effect is proposed. At the interface opposite the oxidizing side, a delayed buildup of interstitials was observed. Using these results for FZ Si and assuming that there was no bulk recombination, an effective interstitial diffusivity of 9×10−10 cm2/s and an effective interface recombination rate of 3×10−7 cm/s for a silicon/pad-oxide interface were obtained. Interstitial transport across the CZ Si membranes during oxidation was slower than that across FZ membranes. The parameters extracted from these studies have been used to successfully model 2D dopant diffusion.
Alloy Formation and Stability in Pd−Cu Bimetallic Catalysts (1996)

The temperature-programmed reduction of three Pd−Cu/KL-zeolite bimetallic catalysts has been studied using X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES) and infrared spectroscopy with the probe molecule CO. We show that complete alloying with electronic perturbation of both components (with respect to their metallic state) is reached over the full range of compositions analyzed. It is also shown that the effect of reduction temperature on the nature of the surfaces exposed by the active phases, as well as the sintering processes, is primarily governed by the Pd:Cu ratio.
Comparing Pedagogy in Mathematics in Denmark and England (2013)

This article reports the findings of a comparative study of pedagogy in lower-secondary school mathematics in Denmark and England. Lesson observations and interviews identified the range of goals towards which teachers in each country worked and the actions these prompted. These were clustered using the lens of Bernstein's pedagogic discourse to construct mathematics teacher roles which provided a view of pedagogy. Comparison allowed variations in pedagogy across the two countries to be identified and implications drawn. Of particular interest were the differences in experience of lower-attaining pupils, and some of the advantages and disadvantages of mathematics pedagogy in each country for this group are indicated.
The Tip Leakage Vortex Shed from an Unsteady Tip Clearance Flow (2004)

*† ‡ , The interaction between the rotor blade tip leakage flow and inflow disturbances, such as encountered in shrouded marine propulsors, was simulated in the Virginia Tech Linear Cascade Wind Tunnel equipped with a moving endwall system. The idealized periodic inflow unsteadiness was generated using vortex generator pairs upstream of the blade row. Streamwise mean velocity and turbulence quantities, as well as three-component mean velocity and turbulence distributions (for qualitative analysis of the flow structure) were measured in flow of the center blade passage. The detailed measurements were made at three axial locations downstream from the blade leading edge: 55.5%, 75.5% and 98% of an axial chord length. Besides time-averaged data, the measurements were processed for phaselocked analysis, with respect to pitchwise locations of the vortex generators. It was found that the passage flow structure consists of shear layers of high turbulence intensity, shed from the suction side tip gap, and a high velocity deficit region covered with a band of high turbulence intensity extending from the suction side to pressure side tip gap. Those features are believed to be a tip leakage jet and tip leakage vortex. The phase-averaged results show that the variation with phase of maximum turbulence intensity in the tip leakage jet is uncorrelated with that in the tip leakage vortex. Comparison to unsteady blade tip loading and tip gap flow measurements suggests that the streamwise mean velocity perturbations in the tip leakage vortex are induced by the local perturbations near the blade tip.
Size difference in dielectric-breakdown-induced epitaxy in narrow <i>n</i>- and <i>p</i>-metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (2003)

The physical dimension of the hillocks formed during gate-dielectric-breakdown-induced epitaxy (DBIE) is found to be dependent on transistor type. When narrow transistors of area between 3.0×10−10 and 8.0×10−10 cm2 with a gate oxide ranging from 16 to 33 Å electrically stressed in inversion mode under the same accelerated stress condition, the DBIEs formed in the n-metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) are found to be always about 2 times or more larger than that in the p-MOSFET. The difference in the DBIE dimensions is primarily attributed to a larger percolation leakage current in the n-MOSFET during the gate oxide breakdown transient.
The fast galactic dynamo (2003)

The f -effect and the coefficient of eddy diffusivity are calculated for the magnetic field in a random flow with recovery. Such a flow loses its memory abruptly at random times that form a Poisson flow of events. Interstellar turbulence sustained by supernova outbursts is one of the physical realizations of such a flow. The growth rates and configurations of large-scale galactic magnetic fields for this situation are close to those predicted by simple galactic dynamo models. At the same time, the model of a flow with recovery makes it possible to trace the role of the effective "forgetting" of correlations. The presence of this forgetting distinguishes interstellar turbulence from other types of random flows.
Dramatic Solvent and Hydration Effects on the Transition State of Soybean Peroxidase (2006)

Enzymes are shown to function in nonaqueous media; however, relatively little information is available on the influence of the organic solvent as well as its associated water content on the properties of the enzymatic transition states. A better understanding of these effects will be useful in developing kinetic models that can then be used to predict optimal solvent and substrate choices for enzymatic reactions in organic media. The influence of the reaction media on soybean peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of para-substituted phenols was studied using Hammett analysis for several organic solvent systems. The catalytic activity and substrate specificity of the enzyme are influenced by the nature of the solvent and its associated hydration. These findings may allow one to draw conclusions about the reaction mechanism and the roles of solvent and solvent hydration on enzyme function.
Dual field alignment display and control for electron micropattern generator (1972)

Application of electron beam lithography to replace photolithography process in fabrication of integrated circuits is discussed. Procedure for using electron beam lithography equipment is described. Diagram of electron micropattern generator is provided.
Sequential Stereoselective Catalysis: Two Single‐Flask Reactions of a Substrate in the Presence of a Bifunctional Chiral Ligand and Different Transition Metals (2003)

Abstract A new bifunctional ligand capable of promoting different stereoselective catalytic transformations in combination with different transition metals has been prepared by connecting with a spacer a bis(oxazoline) to dihydroquinidine; this ligand was employed in a one‐flask procedure in which methyl ( E )‐3‐(4‐vinylphenyl)propenoate underwent first cyclopropanation at the electron‐rich double bond and then dihydroxylation at the electron‐poor alkene to afford a product containing four stereocenters with complete regiocontrol and high stereoselectivity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
When does the lightning attachment process actually begin? (2015)

Abstract High‐speed video and electric field records of 43 first and 7 new‐ground‐termination subsequent strokes in negative lightning flashes, obtained at the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida, were examined. Eighteen (36%) of these strokes exhibited faintly luminous formations (FLFs) below the downward leader tip just prior to the return stroke. All the 18 FLFs were connected to the strike object on the ground, with 14 of them being also in contact with the downward leader tip. For 11 located events showing FLFs in contact with the downward leader tip, the FLF 2‐D length ranged from 51 to 200 m and the time interval between the end of exposure of the FLF frame and the return stroke onset ranged from 42 to 106 μs. We inferred that the FLFs mostly consisted of relatively low conductivity streamers, based on the following observations and estimates. (a) The rates at which the 11 FLFs were replaced by channels capable of guiding return stroke waves ranged from 0.7 × 10 6 m/s to 2.2 × 10 6 m/s, which is comparable to leader speeds in virgin air (in the same records). (b) The overwhelming majority of downward leaders continued stepping while being connected to ground via FLFs. (c) The average electric field along FLFs is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than expected for hot, leader‐like channels. Since in all cases the FLF determined the strike point, we conclude that its inferred initiation up to a few hundreds of microseconds before the return stroke onset signified the beginning of the lightning attachment process.
The Isolation in Tissue Culture, Chick Embryo and Suckling Mice of Filtrable Agents from Healthy Dairy Cattle, (1958)

Summary The isolation of eight filtrable agents from apparently healthy dairy cattle in cattle kidney tissue culture has been described. Evidence has been presented that they are viral in nature, serologically similar, fairly widespread in the cattle population and probably of little importance in human disease. Studies with the partition cell in the ultracentrifuge indicate that they are relatively small particles with a sedimentation constant of 150 to 200 Sved. Their host range includes monkey kidney tissue culture, chick embryos and 1-day-old suckling mice. The appearance of melanin-like granules in the amniotic fluid of pigmented Barred Rock chick embryos is of interest. The isolation of many new viral agents by the techniques outlined should be productive.
Instrumentation and Method for Ultrahigh Resolution Field Desorption Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry of Nonpolar Species (2005)

We describe the construction and application of a 9.4-T FT-ICR mass spectrometer interfaced to a commercial field desorption ion source for high-resolution, high-mass accuracy measurements of nonpolar species. The FT-ICR MS instrument includes a liquid injection field desorption ionization source, octopole ion guides, external octopole ion trap capable of an axial potential gradient for ion ejection, capacitively coupled open cylindrical ion trap, and pulsed gas valve for ion cooling. Model compound responses with regard to various source and instrument conditions provide a basis for interpretation of broadband mass spectra of complex mixtures. As an example, we demonstrate broadband speciation of a Gulf Coast crude oil, with respect to numerous heteroatomic classes, compound types (rings plus double bonds), and carbon number distributions.
High Pressure Lithium Intercalation into Catalytic Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

Abstract The successful intercalation of lithium into catalytic carbon nanotubes under high pressure conditions is reported. The compounds obtained have Li contents as high as 1–2 Li/ lC and repeat distances along the c-axis 3.69–4. 11 Å, preserving the tubular structure of the nanotubes. XRD, Infrared spectroscopy and 7Li NMR investigations are performed to characterize the compounds obtained.
[Lesions of the colon secondary to pancreatitis]. (1981)

Pathological involvement of the colon secondary to acute and chronic pancreatitis is a rare complication of major clinical interest. Contiguity with the tail of the pancreas and certain anatomical relationships, particularly at the level of the peritoneal reflections, explain the involvement of, particularly, the left corner of the colon and the adjacent part of the transverse colon. The clinical forms may be listed as follows: 1) Adynamic ileus of the transverse colon associated, on direct radiological examination, with the picture of proximal colon distension with clear-cut interruption at the level of the transverse colon or left flexure. 2) Stenosis of the left flexure due to pericolitis and to the fibrosclerosing process that may take in other contiguous organs also. 3) Fistula of the left flexure or of the adjacent part of the transverse colon due to parietal necrosis and vascular impairment. Also described is an association of fistula and massive haemorrhage for erosion of the colon and of the splenic artery by pancreatic pseudocyst. Two clinical cases are presented along with the basic elements of pathology, diagnosis and therapy.
Free Thyroxine and Free Triiodothyronine Measurement in Dried Blood Spots on Filter Paper by Column Adsorption Chromatography Followed by Radioimmunoassay (1988)

Free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) were measured by column adsorption chromatography followed by radioimmunoassay in dried blood spots on filter paper in euthyroid subjects, hyperthyroid and hypothyroid patients, and in subjects with TBG excess. The sensitivity (B/T% = 95%) was 1.5 pg/ml (working range 1.5-46.4 pg/ml) for FT4 and 1.5 pg/ml (working range 1.5-32.0 pg/ml) for FT3. Intraassay coefficient of variations (CVs) ranged 4.4-8.8% for FT4, 8.7-10.1% for FT3; interassay CVs varied from 8.9-9.0% for FT4, 9.3-10.4% for FT3. FT4 and FT3 values found in dried blood spots were highly correlated with the corresponding values in serum (r = 0.97, P less than 0.001 for FT4; r = 0.96, P less than 0.001 for FT3). FT4 concentrations in dried blood spots ranged 8.1-20 pg/ml in euthyroid subjects, 19.4-60.0 pg/ml in hyperthyroid patients, less than 1.5-7.1 pg/ml in hypothyroid patients, 7.8-18.8 pg/ml in euthyroid subjects with TBG excess. FT3 values in dried blood spots ranged 2.5-5.8 pg/ml in euthyroid subjects, 7.1-30.0 pg/ml in hyperthyroid patients, less than 1.5-2.8 pg/ml in hypothyroid patients, 2.5-5.2 in euthyroid subjects with TBG excess. The results of the present study, while confirming previous data on FT4 determination in dried blood spots, represent the first report on FT3 measurement in the same system, thus allowing a more complete assessment of thyroid status made by mail at the expense of few drops of blood.
Inclusion of a Gastric Outlet Restrictor Enhances the Weight Loss Effect of an Endoscopically-placed Duodenojejunal Liner in a Pig Model (2008)

The EndoBarrierTM Liner (Figures 1 and 2) is a flexible tube anchored in the duodenal bulb that creates an endoluminal, duodenal-jejunal bypass. Placement of this device leads to weight loss and resolution of type 2 diabetes mellitus in humans and animal models [1-5]. We have developed a modification of this device (“gastric outlet restrictor”) that includes a membrane with a small central orifice near the proximal end that is designed to slow food flow into the liner (Figure 3). Using a pig model, we assessed the effects on body weight of this restricting membrane alone and as part of an EndoBarrier Liner device.
Turbulent Flow Over Moving Boundary (1968)

To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of energy transfer from wind to an already formed small amplitude gravity water wave, pressure and velocity measurements were performed in a model in which the wave surface was reproduced by a wavy boundary moving at constant speed. Experiments were carried out in a water flume with two different sets of sinusoidal shape wavy boundaries under fixed and moving conditions. It was found that, while the pressure distribution was almost symmetrical when the boundary was fixed, it displayed a noticable phase-lag with respect to the waves shape when the boundary was moving, which accounts for the energy transfer from wind to wave because of the normal stress. Within the limitations of experimental accuracy the data coincides with the curves computed for each case from Miles' mathematical theory. In addition, flow visualization experiments provided a qualitative verification of the existance of a stationary vortex over the wave, as predicted by Lighthill in his physical explanation of the phenomena.
The effect of adipocyte and heart fatty acid-binding protein genes on intramuscular fat and backfat content in Meishan crossbred pigs. (2000)

Effects of genetic variation in porcine adipocyte and heart fatty acid-binding protein genes, A-FABP and H-FABP, respectively, on intramuscular fat (IMF) content and backfat thickness (BFT) were examined in F2 crossbreds of Meishan and Western pigs. The involvement of each FABP gene in IMF accretion was studied to confirm previous results for Duroc pigs. The F2 crossbred pigs were genotyped for various markers including microsatellite sequences situated within both FABP genes. Linkage analysis assigned the A-FABP and H-FABP genes to marker intervals S0001-S0217 (20 cM) on SSC4 and Sw316-S0003 (16.6 cM) on SSC6, respectively, refining previous chromosomal assignments. Next, the role of both chromosome regions/genes on genetic variation in IMF content and BFT was studied by 1) screening SSC4 and SSC6 for QTL affecting both traits by performing a line-cross analysis and 2) estimation of the effect of individual A-FABP and H-FABP alleles on both traits. In the first analysis, suggestive and chromosome-wise significant evidence for a QTL affecting IMF was detected on SSC6. The H-FABP gene is a candidate gene for this effect because it resides within the large region containing this putative QTL. The second analysis showed a considerable but nonsignificant effect of H-FABP microsatellite alleles on IMF content. Suggestive evidence for a QTL affecting BFT was found on SSC6, but H-FABP was excluded as a candidate gene. In conclusion, present and previous results support involvement of H-FABP gene polymorphisms in IMF accretion independently from BFT in pigs. Therefore, implementation of these polymorphisms in marker-assisted selection to control IMF content independently from BFT may be considered. In contrast to previous findings for Duroc pigs, no evidence was found for an effect of the A-FABP gene on IMF or BFT in this population.
Interpretation of EXCEDE: Spectral and Auroral Infrared Simulation Data. (1982)

Abstract : Nuclear infrared-backgrounds simulation data from excitation of the upper atmosphere by auroral particles and 3 kV electron beams from DNA/AFGL's EXCEDE: Spectral rocket are analyzed and interpreted. The delay of 2.8 - 3.1 micro radiation output from greater 1BC 11 aurora calculated by a cross-correlation method from aircraft measurements by instruments with footprint less than 1 km has an average value of 2 sec and (like the previously-measured energy conversion yields) appears to increase with the height of the maximum of the energy deposition rate profile. Fits of radiance data from moving arcs to a simple model of vibrational-bands emission from nitric oxide result in exponential predosing time constants between 1 1/2 and 2 1/2 sec, in qualitative agreement with current aerochemistry models. Volume emission rate distributions of the blue-violet air fluorescence within 20 m of EXCEDE's accelerator were unfolded from radiometric photographs taken at characteristic ejection altitudes from onboard. This emission decreases very rapidly away from the rocket, and transverse to the beam axis fits gaussian whose width first increases and then decreases. The measured excitation patterns, which cannot be fully attributed to outgassing from the vehicle, are interpreted in terms of a recent theoretical treatment of discharge initiation and electron heating resulting from an interaction between the charged beam and the local plasma it creates.
ChemInform Abstract: New Stable Catalysts of the Pauson—Khand Anellation. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel technique for monitoring the development of bacterial biofilms in human periodontal pockets (2000)

A new technique is presented for analyzing subgingival bacterial plaque. Different materials (polytetrafluoroethylene, gold, dentin) kept for several days in periodontal pockets of patients suffering from periodontitis were analyzed by electron microscopy and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Those parts of the carriers extending into the deepest zone of the pockets were predominantly colonized by spirochetes and Gram-negative bacteria whereas those segments in contact with a shallower region were colonized by streptococci. Independent of the material used, the bacterial colonization of the carriers appears to be similar. FISH using eubacteria- and species-specific oligonucleotides on semi-thin cross-sections of the carriers in combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy allowed detailed analysis of the architecture of biofilms and identification of putative periodontal pathogens with single cell resolution.