gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Loss of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A Activity in Murine Epidermal Keratinocytes Delays Wound Healing and Inhibits Tumor Formation (2004)

The angiogenic cytokine vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A plays a central role in both wound healing and tumor growth. In the skin, epidermal keratinocytes are a major source of this growth factor. To study the contribution of keratinocyte-derived VEGF-A to these angiogenesis-dependent processes, we generated mice in which this cytokine was inactivated specifically in keratin 5-expressing tissues. The mutant mice were macroscopically normal, and the skin capillary system was well established, demonstrating that keratinocyte-derived VEGF-A is not essential for angiogenesis in the skin during embryonic development. However, healing of full-thickness wounds in adult animals was appreciably delayed compared with controls, with retarded crust shedding and the appearance of a blood vessel-free zone underneath the newly formed epidermis. When 9,12-dimethyl 1,2-benzanthracene was applied as both tumor initiator and promoter, a total of 143 papillomas developed in 20 of 23 (87%) of control mice. In contrast, only three papillomas arose in 2 of 17 (12%) of the mutant mice, whereas the rest merely displayed epidermal thickening and parakeratosis. Mutant mice also developed only 2 squamous cell carcinomas, whereas 11 carcinomas were found in seven of the control animals. These data demonstrate that whereas keratinocyte-derived VEGF-A is dispensable for skin vascularization under physiological conditions, it plays an important albeit nonessential role during epidermal wound healing and is crucial for the development of 9,12-dimethyl 1,2-benzanthracene-induced epithelial skin tumors.
Detection of small RNAs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by RNomics and structure-based bioinformatic tools (2008)

Inactivation of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1) hfq gene, encoding the Sm-like Hfq protein, resulted in pleiotropic effects that included an attenuated virulence. As regulation by Hfq often involves the action of small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs), we have used a shotgun cloning approach (RNomics) and bioinformatic tools to identify sRNAs in strain PAO1. For cDNA library construction, total RNA was extracted from PAO1 cultures either grown to stationary phase or exposed to human serum. The cDNA libraries were generated from small-sized RNAs of PAO1 after co-immunoprecipitation with Hfq. Of 400 sequenced cDNA clones, 11 mapped to intergenic regions. Band-shift assays and Northern blot analyses performed with two selected sRNAs confirmed that Hfq binds to and affects the steady-state levels of these RNAs. A proteome study performed upon overproduction of one sRNA, PhrS, implicated it in riboregulation. PhrS contains an ORF, and evidence for its translation is presented. In addition, based on surveys with structure-based bioinformatic tools, we provide an electronic compilation of putative sRNA and non-coding RNA genes of PAO1 based on their evolutionarily conserved structure.
Volumetric Determination of Zirconium (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVolumetric Determination of ZirconiumJ. S. Fritz and Marlene JohnsonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 10, 1653–1655Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60106a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60106a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views123Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mobile surface reflectometry (2014)

We present two approaches for acquiring spatially varying reflectance of planar samples using a mobile device. For samples with rough specular BRDF, we propose to employ the back camera and flash pair on any typical mobile device for freeform handheld reflectance acquisition using dense backscattering measurements under flash illumination. For samples with highly specular BRDF, we instead employ a 10" tablet for illuminating the sample with extended illumination while employing the front camera for reflectance acquisition. With this setup, we also exploit the tablet's LCD screen polarization for diffuse-specular separation.
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT METHODS ON FIRMNESS UNIFORMITY OF COMMERCIALLY RIPENED CANNERY PEARS (2001)

The effect of natural convection or forcedair temperature transition during commercial storage and ripening ofBartlett pears (Pyrus communis L.) in field bins on fruit firmness uniformity following ripening was investigated. Timerequired for natural convection or forcedair cooling of fruit to 0_C and rewarm to 20_C was profiled in standard woodenbins and in higher ventilated plastic bins. Firmness of fruit sampled throughout the bins was analyzed with respect to theirposition in the bins during storage and ripening. Pears experiencing natural convective cooling or warming in standardwooden field bins obtained seveneighths temperature transition across the whole bin within 18 and 34 h of each other,respectively. In plastic field bins, seveneighths temperature transition occurred within 11 and 10 h of each other, respectively.Under a forcedair velocity of 0.41 m s 1 , pears in wooden or plastic field bins obtained seveneighths temperature transitionacross the entire bin within 3.6 and 4.4 h of each other, respectively, for both cooling and warming. Firmness uniformity ofsized, commercially ripened pears was not improved by forcedair cooling as opposed to natural convective cooling duringthe initiation of cold storage; however, forcedair as opposed to natural convective cooling of unsized pears improvedfirmness uniformity, possibly due to more consistent cooling times between adjacent large and small fruits. The variabilityin firmness of the ripened, sized, and unsized pears in the bins increased due to firmer fruit in the bottom of both wooden andplastic bins, irrespective of their exposure to forcedair or natural convective cooling during cold storage initiation orwarming at the initiation of fruit ripening. This increased firmness variability was largely attributed to fruit temperaturetransitions resulting from unstable air temperatures during commercial ripening. Results indicate the benefit of improvedfirmness uniformity in fruit sorted for size prior to cold storage, and ripened under stable ripening room temperatures.
An Information-Theoretic Measure for the Selection of Effective Memory Order in Flat-Fading Channels (2006)

In this paper, we consider an information-theoretic measure for the selection of effective memory order in time-varying flat-fading (FF) channels in the Jakes-Clarke’s model. The measure is based on how many past realisations of the fading channel actively contribute to an achievable information rate lower bound through the channel. The lower bound signifies the achievable information rate when the receiver is equipped with a sup-optimal mismatched decoding rule, which would have only been optimal for a finite-state Markov channel (FSMC) with a finite memory order. The sensitivity of the mismatched decoding rule to memory order is used to find the optimum channel memory order for decoding at the receiver side, with a negligible information rate loss. Our case study shows that the FF channel has an effective information-theoretic memory order of M = 1 for the normalised fading rates fDT � 0.01, where fD is the Doppler spread and T is symbol period. For faster fading rates, the use of first-order models at the receiver incurs a non-negligible information rate loss. The results are, generally, in accordance with our previous findings. I-A
Extrachromosomal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA forms in fresh peripheral blood lymphocytes and in two interleukin-2-independent T cell lines derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of an asymptomatic seropositive subject (1992)

Two immature T cell lines (FT1 and FT4) were established after in vitro cloning of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from an asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive, human T cell-lymphotropic virus type 1 seronegative homosexual subject. Although derived from a limiting dilution cell cloning assay, these cell lines were not recloned for this study. Their growth was independent of exogenous interleukin-2. Both cell lines were able to form colonies when cloned in agar, but failed to form solid tumours when injected into nude mice. FT lines belong to the very immature T cell lineage as they exhibit rearranged TCR genes but no expression of T cell membrane antigens, including CD2, CD3, CD4, CD6, CD7 and CD8. They also contain an HIV-1 genome that was detected only in an extra-chromosomal DNA form, even after several passages in vitro. The presence of unintegrated viral DNA was also detected by polymerase chain reaction analysis in the same sample of fresh uncultured PBLs. Furthermore, despite the absence of CD4 expression, both T cell lines were susceptible to CD4-independent HIV-1 superinfection (lack of superinfection inhibition in the presence of OKT4A monoclonal antibodies).
Floating on a Sea of Funny Money: An Analysis of Money Laundering Through Miami Real Estate and the Federal Government’s Attempt to Stop it (2017)

Miami is experiencing a money laundering controversy the likes of which have not been seen since the “Cocaine Cowboys” era of 1980’s Miami. Condominiums and other mega developments are popping up at an unprecedented pace, immediately after the housing market crash that caused the Great Recession. Adding to this questionable boom in development is the fact that the vast majority of Miami’s population cannot afford to live in places like these. So, the question presented is who is fueling this explosion in development? Criminals, that’s who. Federal agents believe criminals are buying coveted Miami real estate through shell companies to launder their ill–gotten money. In response to this crisis, the Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued a Geographic Targeting Order (GTO) that requires Miami title insurers to report information about the identities of those hiding behind shell companies to buy real estate in cash purchases. Through the order, FinCEN aims to gain information about and deter potential money launderers. The GTO places Miami squarely in the cross–hairs of FinCEN’s anti–money laundering regime. However, there is a problem: the GTO will not actually prevent money laundering. There are fundamental issues with the GTO: it is underinclusive and riddled with loopholes and ambiguities. These issues are easily resolved by a more inclusive, detailed drafting of the GTO that eliminates the many loopholes and clarifies the latent ambiguities inherent in it. However, as currently written, the GTO’s many issues prevent it from effectively fighting money laundering in Miami, but they also shelter Miami’s real estate market from the potential negative effects that many feared the GTO would cause.
DERIVATE DES PHOSPHORSÄURE-<i>o</i>-PHENYLENESTERS. 30<sup>1</sup>REAKTIONEN VON CYCLISCHEN P<sup>III</sup>-VERBINDUNGEN MIT<i>N</i>-CHLORAMINEN (1985)

Abstract The cyclic derivatives of phosphoric acid 5, 12, 16 and 20 react with N-chlor-dimethylamine to the phosphonium salts 6, 13, 19 and 21. The salts 19 and 21 are formed from the primary products by intermolecular ligand exchange. Die cyclischen Phosphorigsäurederivate 5, 12, 16 und 20 reagieren mit N-Chlor-dimethylamin zu den Phosphoniumsalzen 6, 13, 19 und 21. Die Salze 19 und 21 entstehen aus den Primärprodukten durch intermolekularen Ligandenaustausch.
Kinetic Factors Control Efficiencies of Cell Entry by HIV-1 (2005)

In order to understand HIV-1 inactivation by entry inhibitors and neutralizing antibodies, we quantitatively examined the factors that limit viral entry into cultured cells. Previous results suggested that only a minute proportion of HIV-1 virions (c.a., 10-3–10-4) are infectious and that the remainder are defective. Experiments will be described showing that this is incorrect and that newly made HIV-1 virions are almost completely infectious. Following their attachment onto cells that contain CD4 and appropriate coreceptors, a race ensues between successful viral entry by membrane fusion and a competing process(es) of viral inactivation. Many entry inhibitors reduce virus titers kinetically, simply by slowing the pathway for membrane fusion and thereby enhancing the efficiency of spontaneous inactivation. In contrast, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies appear to cause a true viral inactivation by a non-kinetic mechanism. The membrane fusion pathway requires assembly of a reversible complex containing multiple coreceptors, which lowers the activation energy barrier for a slow rate-limiting conformational change in the gp41 envelope subunits. Evidence will be described showing how this slow entry step is affected by mutations in coreceptors and by compensating adaptive mutations in HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins. This kinetically determining step of entry is critically influenced by the gp120 V3 loop and and by a gp120 N-linked oligosaccharide. In addition to its proposed role in association with coreceptors, our results suggest that the gp120 V3 loop has a major kinetic influence on the slow step in entry. We propose that this may explain why viral adaptations in cell cultures including resistances to entry inhibitors frequently involve changes in the V3 loop. from 2005 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology Baltimore, USA, 29 August – 2 September 2005
Ballistic transport in strained-Si cavities: experiment and theory (2005)

In this paper, we present the observation of ballistic transport in strained silicon cavities defined by etching on a silicon germanium heterostructure, demonstrated by magnetic focusing of conductance of the cavity at T=50 mK. Numerical simulations, based on a novel approach which allows to include an arbitrary degree of decoherence in mesoscopic transport, show that magnetoconductance features can be related to the semiclassical orbits by means of the local density of states in the cavity.
2-<i>tert</i>-Butyl-6-(cyclohexyliminomethyl)-4-methoxyphenol (2011)

The asymmetric unit of the title Schiff base compound, C(18)H(27)NO(2), contains two independent mol-ecules in which the C=N bond lengths are 1.278 (2) and 1.280 (2) Å and the cyclo-hexane rings adopt chair conformations. Intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonding between hy-droxy and imine groups and weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the mol-ecular structure.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF D‐ALA‐D‐ALA ANALOGS WITH POSTULATED ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY (1985)

Abstract Durch Kopplung der geschützten Aminosäure (I) mit dem Ester (II) nach bekannten Methoden wird das Dipeptid (III) erhalten.
Increased aortic pulse pressure associated with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension (2002)

In hypertensive patients, LV mass appears to be more strongly related to peripheral pulse pressure and to measurements of hemodynamic pulsatile load than to mean arterial pressure and measurements of steady load. This study evaluated the relationship between aortic pulse pressure (PP) and left ventricular mass in hypertensives with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We studied 14 control subjects and 28 hypertensives with normal LV mass or LVH (each n = 14). The 3 groups were matched for age, sex and body height. LVH was echocardiographically defined after correction of LV mass for the power of its allometric relation to body height. High-fidelity aortic pressure, total peripheral resistance, arterial compliance, effective arterial elastance, LV peak isovolumic and end-systolic wall stress and LV end-diastolic pressure were documented. As compared to hypertensives with normal LV mass, hypertensives with LVH had a higher systolic aortic pressure and a lower diastolic pressure, resulting in a higher PP (107+/-8 vs 68+/-9 mmHg, P<0.001), while mean aortic pressure was similar. PP was the pressure-derived variable most strongly related to LV mass (n=42; r=0.80; P<0.001) and was the only variable that could be used to discriminate between hypertensives with LVH (PP>85 mmHg) and both controls and hypertensives with normal LV mass (PP<=85mmHg), without overlap. Within each study group, there was no relationship between LV mass and PP, thus confirming that factors other than mechanical ones also play a major role in determining LV mass. Our study confirmed the strong link between LV mass and pulsatile hemodynamic load in hypertensives, and suggested that an aortic PP > 85 mmHg may help identify those hypertensives with concentric LV hypertrophy.
The insertion of a full‐length <i>Bos taurus</i> LINE element is responsible for a transcriptional deregulation of the Normande <i>Agouti</i> gene (2006)

Mammalian pigmentation is controlled by the concerted action of Tyr, Tyrp1 and Dct producing eumelanin and/or pheomelanin in melanocytes. The ratio of these two pigments is determined by the agonist alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and the antagonist Agouti protein acting on the Mc1r. Here we show that the Agouti gene is over-expressed in Normande breed compared with Prim'Holstein breed. The Normande cattle have a characteristic coat color phenotype with a variable presence of black (eumelanin) hair over a red/brown background. We have found a previously undescribed full-length L1-BT element inserted in the 5'-genomic sequence of the Agouti gene in Normande cattle which promotes the over-expression of alternative transcripts. The variable expression of the alternative transcript directed by the long interspersed nuclear element promoter may be the origin of the brindle coat color pattern of the Normande breed. This new bovine Agouti allele isolated in Normande breed has been named Abr. Finally, as ectopic over-expression of Agouti in Ay mice is responsible for the obesity syndrome, we discuss the possible consequences of Abr for meat and milk production in cattle.
The role of lubricin in the mechanical behavior of synovial fluid (2007)

Synovial fluid is a semidilute hyaluronate (HA) polymer solution, the rheology of which depends on HA-protein interactions, and lubricin is a HA-binding protein found in synovial fluid and at cartilage surfaces, where it contributes to boundary lubrication under load. Individuals with genetic deficiency of lubricin develop precocious joint failure. The role of lubricin in synovial fluid rheology is not known. We used a multiple-particle-tracking microrheology technique to study the molecular interactions between lubricin and HA in synovial fluid. Particles (200 nm mean diameter) embedded in normal and lubricin-deficient synovial fluid samples were tracked separately by using multiple-particle-tracking microrheology. The time-dependent ensemble-averaged mean-squared displacements of all of the particles were measured over a range of physiologically relevant frequencies. The mean-squared displacement correlation with time lag had slopes with values of unity for simple HA solutions and for synovial fluid from an individual who genetically lacked lubricin, in contrast to slopes with values less than unity (alpha approximately 0.6) for normal synovial fluid. These data correlated with bulk rheology studies of the same samples. We found that the subdiffusive and elastic behavior of synovial fluid, at physiological shear rates, was absent in fluid from a patient who lacks lubricin. We conclude that lubricin provides synovial fluid with an ability to dissipate strain energy induced by mammalian locomotion, which is a chondroprotective feature that is distinct from boundary lubrication.
Der Axiomatische Rahmen für die Nichtstandard-Analysis (1982)

In der Mathematik kommen im wesentlichen zwei Arten von Axiomensystemen vor. Bei der ersten Sorte sollen möglichst verschiedenartige Strukturen, die jedoch gewisse einheitliche, als nützlich erkannte Eigenschaften besitzen, beschrieben werden. Die Theorie dieser Strukturen soll dann auf möglichst viele Probleme angewandt werden; Beispiele dafür sind etwa die Verbands- oder die Gruppentheorie oder auch die Theorie der to- pologischen Räume. Bei der zweiten Sorte von Axiomensystemen ist man bestrebt, eine intuitiv vorgestellte, noch nicht ganz scharf umrissene Struktur mathematisch-axiomatisch zu beschreiben. Diese Situation haben wir im Falle der reellen Zahlen. Ein Axiomensystem für die reellen Zahlengerade wird man hauptsächlich danach beurteilen, wie gut die Folgerungen aus den Axiomen mit dem übereinstimmen, was man anschaulich erwartet, wie “evident” die Axiome sind und wie praktisch das System zu handhaben ist. Hierin liegt natürlich eine gewisse Gefahr, weil die Anschauung uns ja bekanntlich täuschen kann. Auf der anderen Seite ist man bei der Aufstellung eines neuen Axiomensystems für die reellen Zahlen leicht voreingenommen, wenn man bereits ein anderes kennt, denn das Studium eines speziellen Modells der “reellen Zahlengeraden” bleibt nicht ohne Rückwirkung auf die Anschauung. Der Leser wird daher gebeten, sich in die naiv-unschuldige Situation eines Studienanfängers zu versetzen, der in die Analysis eingeführt werden soll.
Nanoscale mechanical characterization of polymeric fibers (2004)

Abstract The mechanical and viscoelastic behaviors of polymeric fibers varying in molecular weight have been determined at the nanometer scale with a surface force apparatus. The existence of a skin–core structure resulting from the elaboration process is pointed out. The role of fiber anisotropy is also discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 264–275, 2005
A comparison of numerical flux formulas for the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations (1987)

Peer Reviewed
Delay Time Estimation for Petri Net Models of Signaling Pathways Based on Experimental Data (2008)

In this paper, we propose a delay time estimation algorithm for Petri net models of signaling pathways based on experimental data. Firstly, we model signaling pathways (we use the example of ErbB4 receptor signaling pathway) with discrete Petri nets. Then, we propose a delay time estimation algorithm for Petri net models with experimental data, and assign estimated delay times to a model to be run on the simulation tool Cell Illustrator 3.0. Finally, we verify the simulation result by comparing with the experimental data and evaluate the performance of the estimation algorithm.
Electronmicroscopic Observation of the Additively Coloured KCl Crystal (1959)

The KCl single crystal which was grown from the melt, thermally quenched, and additively coloured with potassium metal were observed electronmicroscopically using replica technique. Growth of crystallites was seen both on the outer surfaces and in the interior of the crystal when it was thermally quenched or it was coloured additively. The crystallites grew more markedly in the latter case than in the former. The mechanism by which F centres are formed were considered.