gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterial 65-kilodalton heat shock protein induces tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6, reactive nitrogen intermediates, and toxoplasmastatic activity in murine peritoneal macrophages (1995)

The 65-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp65) is supposed to play a role in host defense against infections with various microbial pathogens and in autoimmune inflammatory disorders. These effects are thought to result mainly from an Hsp65-specific T-lymphocyte-mediated immune response that recognizes conserved epitopes. The aim of the present study was to assess whether mycobacterial Hsp65 has a direct effect on resident murine peritoneal macrophages, independent of Hsp65-sensitized T lymphocytes. Exposure of peritoneal macrophages from naive C57BL/6 mice to the mycobacterial Hsp65 in vitro induced an enhanced release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 6. These cells also produced large amounts of reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) and inhibited the intracellular proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii. Small amounts of gamma interferon acted synergistically with Hsp65. Thus, exposure of murine macrophages to Hsp65 results in activation of these cells. The acquisition of these characteristics by peritoneal macrophages occurred in the absence of sensitized T lymphocytes. Addition of anti-TNF-alpha antiserum resulted in an attenuation of the Hsp65-induced release of RNI and toxoplasmastatic activity, indicating that endogenous TNF-alpha is involved in the Hsp65-induced macrophage activation. The conclusion of this study is that in vitro exposure of peritoneal macrophages to the mycobacterial Hsp65 induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines and RNI and results in inhibition of the intracellular proliferation of T. gondii. These effects on murine macrophages occur independently of Hsp65-specific T lymphocytes. The proinflammatory effect of Hsp65 demonstrated in this study suggests that this heat shock protein may play a role in the initiation of inflammation that adds to a non-species-specific resistance in the early stages of infections.
Resolving manipulator redundancy under inequality constraints (1994)

Due to hardware limitations, physical constraints such as joint rate bounds, joint angle limits, and joint torque constraints always exist. In this paper, these constraints are considered in the general formulation of the redundant inverse kinematic problem. To take these physical constraints into account, the computationally efficient compact quadratic programming (QP) method is formed to resolve the constrained kinematic redundancy problem. In addition, the compact-inverse QP method is also formulated to remedy the inescapable singularity problem with inequality constraints. Two examples are given to demonstrate the generality and superiority of these two methods: to eliminate the drift phenomenon caused by self motion and to remedy saturation-type nonlinearity problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tcl and Java Integration (1998)

This paper describes the motivations and strategies behind our group’s efforts to integrate the Tcl and Java programming languages. From the Java perspective, we wish to create a powerful scripting solution for Java applications and operating environments. From the Tcl perspective, we want to allow for cross-platform Tcl extensions and leverage the useful features and user community Java has to offer. We are specifically focusing on Java tasks like Java Bean manipulation, where a scripting solution is preferable to using straight Java code. Our goal is to create a synergy between Tcl and Java, similar to that of Visual Basic and Visual C++ on the Microsoft desktop, which makes both languages more powerful together than they are individually.
Characterization of silicon dioxide and phosphosilicate glass deposited films (1993)

Silicate glasses, both undoped and lightly doped with phosphorus, prepared by a low pressure plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system using tetraethylorthosilicate or silane as silicon sources and atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition technique using silane, were evaluated. The three analyzed phosphosilicate films were nominally 4.0 wt % doped. All the samples were deposited in the temperature range of 350–420 °C. Their main properties such as refractive index, density, wet etch rate, stress, step coverage, moisture resistance, and infrared absorption are reported. Infrared absorption measurements were performed on both as-deposited and annealed films (430 °C for 15 min in N2) to investigate the presence of water and Si–OH groups, as well as P=O and Si–O bond interactions. The P-doped films were tested as final passivation layers on 1 Mbit erasable programmable read only memory devices mounted in ceramic packages. Similar electrical results have been obtained with three different phosphosilicate glass films. However, the most reliable results after assembly and packaging were obtained for films deposited by PECVD technique using tetraethylorthosilicate as the source of silicon in the films.
Three‐Dimensional Graphene/Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Hybrids for High‐Performance Capacitive Deionization of Saline Water (2013)

A novel and general method is proposed to construct three-dimensional graphene/metal oxide nanoparticle hybrids. For the first time, it is demonstrated that this graphene-based composite with open pore structures can be used as the high-performance capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode materials, which outperform currently reported materials. This work will offer a promising way to develop highly effective CDI electrode materials.
Edge color histogram for image retrieval (2003)

The classical color histogram for image indexing does not take into account the shape information of an image. A color histogram method with edge information is studied. Color distributions are found for the pixels of three types of edges (two directional edges and one non-directional edge) and three distance measures are computed on the basis of the color distribution of each edge type. The proposed similarity measure obtained by combining these three distance measures could reduce the false match rate in comparison with using only single (non-directional) edge types. Simulation results show an improvement in indexing quality as compared to that of the traditional color histogram and edge histogram.
Payment for Ecosystem Service for Carbon Credits from Italian Olive Groves. Some Issues Regarding the Mode of Payment (2014)

In Italy, olive farming is one of the most interesting examples of carbon sink in agricultural soils. The olive agro-ecosystems can in fact ensure effective action in CO2 fixation encouraging the process of carbon storage on the organic matter of the soil. Starting from the assumption that a different and more “carbon oriented” management of Italian olive groves system could represent a promising way to increase the carbon stored in agricultural land, this paper explores the possibility to implement a Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) scheme to increase the provision of carbon sink by olive groves. The analysis focuses on the definition of the sealable ecosystem service, according to the actual policy framework and on the mode of payment that could be established. Results, suggest that an output-based payment, though more environmentally efficient, could not be enough to incentivise farmers to join the PES, as the payment per hectare might be lower using this approach.
Differentiation of human trophoblast cells <i>in vitro</i> as revealed by immunocytochemical staining of desmoplakin and nuclei (1990)

The differentiation of isolated human cytotrophoblast cells has been studied by staining cells with anti-desmoplakin antibodies, to reveal cell boundaries, and with anti-nuclear antibodies, to reveal nuclei. During the first 24 h after plating in Ham's/Waymouth medium, mononucleated cytotrophoblast cells began to spread and aggregate, forming colonies. This was accompanied by progressive changes in the pattern of desmoplakin staining. In single cells, desmoplakin was dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. As cells aggregated, desmoplakin was redistributed and formed linear, punctate arrays at regions of cell-cell contact, consistent with desmosome formation. A pavement-like staining pattern was maintained even at 5 days. Double staining for desmoplakin and nuclei revealed that most cells within colonies were mononucleated. When plated in a growth medium originally formulated for keratinocytes, cytotrophoblast cells aggregated and formed desmosomes normally. However, after 48 h, cell diameters were increased and nuclei changed from being evenly distributed to forming clusters within large cells, consistent with syncytiotrophoblast formation. While cells grown in Ham's/Waymouth medium for 2 days could be induced to differentiate by switching to keratinocyte growth medium, cells cultured for 5 days before switching were resistant to the differentiation-inducing effects of the keratinocyte medium. Desmosome-type junctions within colonies of trophoblast cells were unstable and, even after 5 days in culture, could be disrupted by lowering the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. While syncytiotrophoblast formation in keratinocyte growth medium (which contains epidermal growth factor, insulin and hydrocortisone) was accompanied by a 15- to 20-fold increase in chorionic gonadotropin secretion, syncytiotrophoblast formation occurred to a similar extent in keratinocyte basal medium (which does not contain these factors) but with only a twofold increase in chorionic gonadotropin release. These results support the notion that biochemical and morphological differentiation of trophoblast are independent events.
Functional analysis of human T cell subsets defined by CD45 isoform expression. (1992)

The properties of human CD45RA and CD45RO T cells are described. CD45RO cells respond to recall antigens and provide help for B lymphocytes. They produce a wide variety of cytokines including IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma. CD45RA T cells respond poorly to recall antigens and produce mainly IL-2. The phenotype of CD45RO cells suggests that they may be in cycle and in vivo data shows that they have a short lifespan while CD45RA cells are long-lived. The lineage relationship of the two subsets is not clear but in vivo and in vitro evidence suggests bi-directional conversion between CD45RA and CD45RO phenotypes.
Using δ-Aminolevulinic Acid in Cancer Therapy (1994)

The administration of an appropriate dose of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) to patients with certain types of cancer leads to the preferential accumulation of fluorescing and/or photosensitizing concentrations of protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) within the malignant cells. Subsequent exposure of such cancers to photoactivating light may cause selective destruction of the malignant tissue by photodynamic action, with sparing of adjacent normal tissues.
Embryonic development of identified neurons: segment-specific differences in the H cell homologues (1981)

Although all of the segmental ganglia of the grasshopper come from identical sets of embryonic precursor cells, there are striking differences in the number and properties of the neurons in the mature ganglia. In every segment, midline precursor 3 (MP3) divides once and gives rise to two progeny. We describe the fate of the two MP3 progeny in different segments. The morphology, physiology, and survival of the MP3 progeny depend upon their segmental position in the embryo. In the meso- and metathoracic segments (T2 and T3), one of the two progeny of MP3 transforms into the H cell. In many of the abdominal segments, beginning with the fourth (A4), both MP3 progeny die. A gradient of transformation and cell death is seen in the intervening first three abdominal segments (A1 to A3). From A1 to A3, the MP3 progeny acquire fewer of the morphological phenotypes of the H cell. This is paralleled by the partial acquisition of the physiological phenotypes of the H cell. Thus, cells that are the progeny of the same precursor cell in different segments can either live or die and, if they survive, can develop different morphological and physiological properties.
Thermal return reflection method for resolving emissivity and temperature in radiometric measurements (2002)

A radiometric method for resolving emissivity ε and temperature T in thermal emission measurements is presented. Thermal radiation from a viewed source is split by a beamsplitter between a radiometer and a mirror aligned to return a part of the thermal radiation back to the source. The ratio of the thermal signal with and without a return reflection provides a measurement of the emissivity without need of any other probing sources. The analytical expressions that establish this relationship are derived taking into account waveguide/optic losses and sources between the radiometer and viewed sample. The method is then applied to thermal measurements of several refractory materials at temperatures up to 1150 °C. A 137 GHz radiometer is used to measure the emissivity and temperature of an alumina brick, an Inconel 690 plate, and two grades of silicon carbide. Reasonable temperature agreement is achieved with an independent thermocouple measurement. However, when the emissivity approaches zero, as in the case of the Inconel plate, radiometric temperature determinations are inaccurate, though an emissivity near zero is correctly measured. This method is expected to be of considerable value to noncontact thermal analysis applications of materials.
Effect of 1human milk prostaglandins and lactoferrin on respiratory syncytial virus and rotavirus (1997)

The effect of lactoferrin and prostaglandins E and F2 alpha on the growth of rotavirus and respiratory syncytial virus in cell culture was investigated. Lactoferrin inhibited the growth of respiratory syncytial virus at a concentration tenfold lower than that normally present in human milk. The prostaglandins had no effect on either virus growth, even at a concentration of 100-fold more than that found in human milk. Lactoferrin may have some antiviral properties in human milk in addition to its known antibacterial functions.
Microsoft <sup>®</sup> Word™ Macro for Analysis of Cytosine Methylation by the Bisulfite Deamination Reaction (2001)

Cytosine methylation at CpG dinucleotides is an important control mechanism in development, differentiation, and neoplasia. Bisulfite genomic sequencing and its modifications have been developed to examine methylation at these CpG dinucleotides. To use these methods, one has to (i) manually convert the sequence to that produced by bisulfite conversion and PCR amplification, taking into account that cytosine residues at CpG dinucleotides may or may not be converted depending on their methylation status, (ii) identify relevant restriction sites that may be used for methylation analysis, and (iii) conduct similar steps with the other DNA strand since the two strands of DNA are no longer complementary after bisulfite conversion. To automate these steps, we have developed a macro that can be used with Microsoft Word. This macro (i) converts genomic sequence to modified sequence that would result after bisulfite treatment facilitating primer design for bisulfite genomic sequencing and methylation-sensitive PCR assay and (ii) identifies restriction sites that are preserved in bisulfite-converted and PCR-amplified product only if cytosine residues at relevant CpG dinucleotides are methylated (and thereby not converted to uracil) in the genomic DNA.
Pulmón de Shock e Insuficiencia Respiratoria Aguda (2018)

Sin resumen
Study of object segmentation using 3D Laser range finder (LRF) (2015)

This paper describes a 3D Laser scan system capable of generating 3D point clouds from the popular laser range finder (LRF) on a continuously rotating platform. We describe the hardware, data capture, calibration and data stream processing. We have developed the algorithm which generates point clouds of target scenes. Compared to 2D vision systems, 3D range sensors can provide direct geometric information of the environment. This study presents a high quality and low cost 3D laser range finder designed for object segmentation. The 3D laser is built on the base of a 2D laser range finder by the extension with a servo motor and a rotation module. The acquired data yield a digital data set, which is essentially a dense “point cloud”, where each point is represented by a coordinate in 3D space. While scanning, different online algorithms for line and surface detection are applied to the data. Object segmentation and detection are done in real-time after the scan.
Some New Oxygenated Cobalt Complexes (1971)

Abstract Cobalt(II) complexes with ornithine, 2,4-diaminobutyric acid and 2,3-diaminopropionic acid were studied as new oxygen complexes. The former complex was reversibly, while the latter two complexes were irreversibly oxygenated at room temperature. These oxygenated complexes were diamagnetic and showed electronic absorption spectra similar to that of oxygenated cobalt histidine complex, and they were assumed to be O2-bridged binuclear complexes, L2Co–O2–CoL2 (L: ligand). Cobalt and O2 of the binuclear complexes existed in the state of Co(III) and O22−, respectively. Thermodynamic measurements showed that oxygenation was an exothermal process, and deoxygenation an endothermal one. The reversibility correlated with the reduction potential of the central cobalt(III) ion and the enthalpy change of the oxygenation. Easier deoxygenation corresponded to more positive reduction potential and to smaller enthalpy change.
The crystal structures of two polyamides (‘nylons’) (1947)

Abstract Detailed interpretations of the X -ray diffraction patterns of fibres and sheets of 66 and 6.10 polyamides (polyhexam ethylene adipamide and sebacamide respectively) are proposed. The crystal structures of the two substances are completely analogous. Fibres of these two polyam ides usually contain two different crystalline forms, α and β, which are different packings of geometrically similar molecules; most fibres consist chiefly of the α form. In the case of the 66 polymer, fibres have been obtained in which there is no detectable proportion of the β form. Unit cell dimensions and the indices of reflexions for the α form were determined by trial, using normal fibre photographs, and were checked by using doubly oriented sheets set at different angles to the X -ray beam. The unit cell of the a form is triclinic, with a — 4·9 A, b = 5·4 A, c (fibre axis) = 17·2A, α = 48 1/2º, β = 77º, γ = 63 1/2º for the 66 polymer; a = 4·95A, b = 5·4A, c (fibre axes) = 22·4A, α = 49º, β = 76 1/2º, γ = 63 1/2º for the 6.10 polymer. One chain molecule passes through the cell in both cases. Atomic coordinates in occrystals were determined by interpretation of the relative intensities of the reflexions. The chains are planar or very nearly so; the oxygen atoms appear to lie a little off the plane of the chain. The molecules are linked by hydrogen bonds between C = 0 and NH groups, to form sheets. A simple packing of these sheets of molecules gives the α arrangement.
Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cells Made of Sulfonated Poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s (2002)

Novel sulfonated poly(phthalazinone ether ketone)s were synthesized directly by aromatic nucleophilic polycondensation of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phthalazinone with various ratios of 5,5′-carbonylbis(2-fluorobenzenesulfonate) to 4,4′-difluorobenzophenone. The 10% weight loss temperature of the products is higher than 500°C. The resulting ionomers show low swelling (14.7, 16.7 and 17.8%), while the corresponding IEC are 1.58, 1.88 and 2.16 meq/g, respectively. The low swelling results from hydrogen bonding. The membranes show very good perspectives in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell applications.
A match of X-ray teeth films using image processing based on special features of teeth (2008)

This paper presents a match of X-ray teeth films using image processing based on special features of teeth. This method will help the dental doctors to match simply a pair of teeth using the special features of the teeth films. Teethpsilas pictures are scanned and adjusted by a scanner and a computer, respectively, as well as then they are converted into binary code and decoded to the direction code (chain code). The chain code of each picture is compared with the statistical chain code. Therefore, the percentage of the same chain code is approximately 90% (i.e. matching same patterns) for the comparison of one root to one root (7 times) and two roots to two roots (7 times) while the percentage of the same chain code is reduced at relatively below 50% (i.e. matching different patterns) for comparison of one root to two roots (2 times).
NFE, a new transcriptional activator that facilitates p50 and c‐Rel‐dependent IgH 3′ enhancer activity (1997)

The induction of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) 3' enhancer activity has been coupled to ligand/receptor-dependent activation of resting B cells. To search for transcriptional target sites that account for this induction, extracts from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated B cells and cell lines were used. Here we describe, by gel-retardation analysis, the identification of an NF-kappaB site and an adjacent nuclear factor ets-like (NFE) site in the 3' enhancer. The NFE motif binds four protein complexes in resting B cell extracts, of which two are down-regulated upon LPS stimulation. Gel shift-shift experiments of the NF-kappaB complexes with specific antibodies identified p50 and c-Rel proteins to be the predominant factors in primary LPS-stimulated cell extracts. Site-directed mutagenesis of these motifs demonstrates that they contribute to part of the enhancer activity in plasma cells. One copy of the NFkappaB/NFE motifs, linked to a heterologous reporter construct, displays lymphoid-restricted reporter gene activity in transient transfection assays. Mutation of either site abrogates all promoter activity. Complementation experiments demonstrate that although p50 and c-Rel expression vectors reconstitute transcription of an intact NF-kappaB/NFE reporter construct in a dose-dependent manner, mutation of the NFE site or the NF-kappaB site abrogates essentially all transcriptional activity in both plasma cells and in COS cells. Taken together, we provide evidence for the existence of an activator, NFE, which in combination with the p50 and c-Rel proteins, are part of the transcription factor machinery that regulates 3' enhancer activity, and thus the control of the IgH locus in late B lymphocyte development.
Growth-Promoting Properties of Pyruvate, Oxalacetate, and  -Ketoglutarate For Isolated Walker Carcinosarcoma 256 Cells (1958)

When Walker carcinosarcoma 256 cells were grown under clonal growth technics. 50-100% plating efficiency was noted in a medium containing whole bovine serum. When dialyzed serum was used in the medium, few or no colonies were formed. Addition of pyruvate, α-ketoglutarate, and/or oxalacetate to the substrate resulted in plating efficiencies of 90-100%. Activity of these 3 metabolites was the same irrespective of addition of individual compounds or combinations thereof. Other Kreb's acids and metabolites tested failed to promote survival and growth of isolated Walker cells.