gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluoroform‐Derived CuCF<sub>3</sub> for Low‐Cost, Simple, Efficient, and Safe Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Boronic Acids in Air (2012)

Es geht auch einfach: Arylboronsäuren gehen selektive Trifluormethylierungen mit CuCF3 in DMF in nicht getrockneter Luft ein. Die Reaktion verläuft unter milden Bedingungen (1 atm, Raumtemperatur), toleriert diverse funktionelle Gruppen und liefert trifluormethylierte aromatische Verbindungen in bis zu 99 % Ausbeute.
Col6a1 Null Mice as a Model to Study Skin Phenotypes in Patients with Collagen VI Related Myopathies: Expression of Classical and Novel Collagen VI Variants during Wound Healing (2014)

Patients suffering from collagen VI related myopathies caused by mutations in COL6A1, COL6A2 and COL6A3 often also display skin abnormalities, like formation of keloids or "cigarette paper" scars, dry skin, striae rubrae and keratosis pilaris (follicular keratosis). Here we evaluated if Col6a1 null mice, an established animal model for the muscle changes in collagen VI related myopathies, are also suitable for the study of mechanisms leading to the skin pathology. We performed a comprehensive study of the expression of all six collagen VI chains in unwounded and challenged skin of wild type and Col6a1 null mice. Expression of collagen VI chains is regulated in both skin wounds and bleomycin-induced fibrosis and the collagen VI α3 chain is proteolytically processed in both wild type and Col6a1 null mice. Interestingly, we detected a decreased tensile strength of the skin and an altered collagen fibril and basement membrane architecture in Col6a1 null mice, the latter being features that are also found in collagen VI myopathy patients. Although Col6a1 null mice do not display an overt wound healing defect, these mice are a relevant animal model to study the skin pathology in collagen VI related disease.
Impact of Rock Mechanics and Formation Softening Analysis in Shale Fracturing Fluid Design (2013)

Abstract For low-permeability formations, such as oil- and gas-bearing shales, hydraulic fracturing stimulation is a requisite to obtain commercial production. One of the key parameters for ensuring successful stimulation and prolonged production is the proper selection of stimulation fluid. The selection and optimization of the fracturing fluid is greatly dependent on the reservoir rock properties as well as the formation softening resulting from fluid-formation interaction. In the past, slickwater treatment fluids often were adopted in tight shale plays for creating a complex fracture network for maximum production yield. Most often, the slickwater recipe is driven by formation fluid sensitivity analysis (e.g., effect of fresh water, salt, or acids on the formation). While this might work for a few formations, the rock mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio, will determine the fracability and whether it is advantageous to use slickwater, linear gel, or crosslinked gel. Similarly, formation softening analysis using a Brinell hardness test and proppant embedment test will ensure that the formation does not close upon fluid treatment and will have conductive flow channels. This paper discusses the impact of different types of fracturing fluids on different shale formations. The paper also discusses processes involving fluid sensitivity tests, formation softening, and rock mechanical tests and shows their influence on the choice of the proper fluid formulation for hydraulic fracturing through data from a few test samples. The formation rock, proppant, and fracturing fluid interaction can also cause diagenetic growth on proppant and formation faces, resulting in formation softening and a large decrease in fracture conductivity. This paper focusses on careful selection of the stimulation fluid based on rock parameters to ensure prolonged production in tight oil and gas shale plays.
Relaxation of conformers and isomers in seeded supersonic jets of inert gases (1990)

We have studied the relaxation of conformers and the formation/relaxation of isomeric, weakly bonded dimers in pulsed supersonic expansions of seeded inert gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr). The relaxation was determined from the intensity of a rotational transition for the higher energy species as a function of carrier gas composition, using the Balle/Flygare Fourier transform microwave spectrometer. Of thirteen molecules with rotational conformers which we examined, those with barriers to internal rotation greater than 400 cm−1 did not relax significantly in any of the carriers. The higher energy forms of ethyl formate, ethanol, and isopropanol, with smaller barriers, were not relaxed by He; those of ethanol and isopropanol were somewhat relaxed by Ne; and all were completely relaxed by as little as 5 to 20 mole percent of Ar or Kr in He or Ne. The relaxation in He or Ne is first order in the concentration of added Ne, Ar, or Kr as well as in the concentration of the high energy conformer. The pseudo first-order rate constants (larger in Ne than in He) increase sharply with Z of the rare gas, roughly in a 0:1:2:4 progression for He, Ne, Ar, and Kr, suggesting that the relaxation involves relatively long-range polarization effects. Similar behavior was found in the formation/relaxation of the weakly bonded dimer pairs: linear OCO–HCN, T-shaped HCN–CO2; linear FH–NNO and bent NNO–HF; and bent HF–DF and DF–HF. The case of the HCN/CO2 dimers is particularly striking. The T-shaped dimer was found first, using Ar as the carrier gas. Five years later the linear form was found with first run neon as carrier, but it could not be detected at all with Ar as the carrier. These results show that in favorable cases high energy species can be studied in supersonic expansions by freezing out a ‘‘high-temperature’’ concentration with a nonrelaxing carrier gas.
Tracking of nonrigid motion and 3D structure from 2D image sequences without correspondences (2002)

In this paper we present a novel method for tracking 3D nonrigid motion and 3D structure from a sequence of monocular, perspective images, where range data of the first frame is available. No a priori knowledge of point correspondences is assumed. A genneral approach and formulas for polynomial (second order) displacement functions are presented. An analysis of the number of equations versus the number of unknowns is given. Results for synthetic and real image sequences are presented.
1.5 Gbps, 5150 ppm spread spectrum SerDes PHY with a 0.3 mW, 1.5 Gbps level detector for serial ATA (2002)

We have successfully developed a 5150 ppm spread spectrum serializer/deserializer (SerDes) physical layer (PHY) chip compliant with the serial AT attachment (ATA), The device was fabricated by a 0.13 /spl mu/m, 1.5 V CMOS process and includes a self-running, pulse-swallow phase locked loop (PLL) to generate the transmit (TX) carrier, a triple loop tracking the PLL to recover the receive (RX) clock, and a 0.3 mW current-crossover level detector to detect the 1.5 Gbps carrier for initial communication.
Specificity of chemical cues used by a specialist egg parasitoid during host location (2000)

Abstract Plant synomones and host kairomones are known to guide the egg parasitoid Oomyzus gallerucae to its specific host, the elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola (= Pyrrhalta ) (Muller) feeding upon elm leaves ( Ulmus spp.). In this study, we investigated whether the activities of these plant synomones and kairomones are specific for the plant and herbivore species, respectively. Olfactometer and contact bioassays were used. In habitat location, O. gallerucae (Fonscolombe) is known to use synomones from Ulmus minor (Miller) that are induced by egg depositions of X. luteola. The attractiveness of such induced volatiles was shown to be specific both for the Ulmus species and the herbivore species depositing eggs. Neither leaves of U. glabra Hudson (= U. montana ) carrying eggs of X. luteola nor leaves of U. minor (= U. campestris = U. procera ) carrying eggs of the chrysomelid species Galeruca tanaceti L. emitted attractive synomones. O. gallerucae is also known to be attracted by volatile kairomones from faeces of X. luteola feeding on U. minor and to show prolonged antennal drumming when contacting substrates contaminated with these faeces. The kairomonal activity of the faeces was proved to be independent of the Ulmus species, since also faeces from elm leaf beetles feeding upon U. glabra emitted attractive volatiles. However, the faecal kairomones were specific for the herbivorous species, since faeces from a lepidopteran larva ( Opisthograptis luteolata L.) feeding upon elm hardly elicited any antennal drumming in O. gallerucae. The egg parasitoid studied is known to recognize host eggs of X. luteola by contact kairomones extractable from the egg shell. O. gallerucae clearly differentiated between host eggs and eggs of another closely related chrysomelid species, Galerucella lineola L., as was shown by comparing duration of antennal drumming on host eggs and eggs of G. lineola.
17 beta-estradiol is efficient to prevent high turnover-induced osteopenia in very old rats (1996)

International audience
Transient Increase of Leukocytes After Transplantation of Expanded and Nonexpanded Allogeneic CD34+ Blood Cells Is of Host Origin (1997)

cells, and no casts, and a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome was fits associated with IT in hemophilia B patients is warranted, especially in persons with a history of allergic reactions to fIX products.made.Serum BUN and creatinine concentrations remained normal.Coincident with the development of nephrotic syndrome, the inhibi-B.M. Ewenstein tor titer increased to 9.5 BU and allergic reactions to fIX were again C. Takemoto noted.IT was discontinued.Proteinuria has persisted but the patient Children's Hospital and Brigham & Women's Hospital remains asymptomatic with a serum albumin of 2.9 g/dL and a total Boston, MA serum protein of 5.2 g/dL.I. Warrier J. Lusher Children's Hospital of Michigan DISCUSSION Detroit, MI The development of nephrotic syndrome may represent a new and P. Saidi serious complication of IT induction in hemophilia B patients with J. Eisele high-titer inhibitors.It is interesting to note that in each case ne-L.J. Ettinger phrotic syndrome developed 8 to 9 months after the commencement Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital of the IT regimen and in patients in whom IT was at least partially New Brunswick, NJ successful.Because of the lower prevalence of hemophilia B and D. DiMichele the small fraction of patients with this disorder who develop high-New York Hospital titer inhibitors, there is only limited experience with IT in this popu-New York, NY lation.Although a direct causal relationship between the IT regimens REFERENCES used and the development of nephrotic syndrome cannot be estab-
MTOR PATHWAY ACTIVATION IN PRIMARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (RCC) AND MATCHED METASTASES (2009)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2009MTOR PATHWAY ACTIVATION IN PRIMARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (RCC) AND MATCHED METASTASES Alexander Kutikov, Brian L. Egleston, Tasha Morrison, Elizabeth P Henske, Min Huang, Tahseen Al-Saleem, and Robert G. Uzzo Alexander KutikovAlexander Kutikov More articles by this author , Brian L. EglestonBrian L. Egleston More articles by this author , Tasha MorrisonTasha Morrison More articles by this author , Elizabeth P HenskeElizabeth P Henske More articles by this author , Min HuangMin Huang More articles by this author , Tahseen Al-SaleemTahseen Al-Saleem More articles by this author , and Robert G. UzzoRobert G. Uzzo More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(09)61413-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MTOR PATHWAY ACTIVATION IN PRIMARY RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (RCC) AND MATCHED METASTASES." The Journal of Urology, 181(4S), p. 500 © 2009 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 181Issue 4SApril 2009Page: 500 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2009 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Alexander Kutikov More articles by this author Brian L. Egleston More articles by this author Tasha Morrison More articles by this author Elizabeth P Henske More articles by this author Min Huang More articles by this author Tahseen Al-Saleem More articles by this author Robert G. Uzzo More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Characterization of the bioactive form and molecular determinants of recognition of cyclic enkephalin peptides at the δ‐opioid receptor (1993)

An extensive and systematic search strategy to determine the conformational profile of 12 cyclic disulfide-bridged opioid peptides with varying affinities at the delta receptor has been carried out to identify the structure that is recognized by the delta receptor for each analogue. The methods and procedures used here for the conformational search have already been validated for [D-Pen2,D-Pen5] enkephalin (DPDPE), one member of this family. Use of these methods led to a low-energy solution conformation of DPDPE in excellent agreement with all the geometric properties deduced from its solution nmr spectra. Each of the analogue was subjected to the same procedure, involving a combination of molecular dynamics simulations at high and low temperature. The study was repeated in two environmental conditions, an apolar environment, simulated by using a distance-dependent dielectric constant, and a polar environment by embedding the peptides in a high constant dielectric (epsilon = 80). An automated comparison of the different conformers based on their backbone rms and average distance between the key aromatic moieties was followed by graphic analysis using maximum structural overlap. The cross-comparison of the conformations for each analogue revealed a unique conformer that may be recognized by the delta receptor for each high-affinity analogue that permitted maintaining the critical elements required for recognition in a simple spatial orientation, while maximizing similarity in other regions.
Analytic free-form lens design for tracking integration in concentrating photovoltaics (2012)

In this work the concept of tracking integration in concentrating photovoltaics (CPV) is revisited and developed further. With respect to conventional CPV, tracking integration eliminates the clear separation between stationary units of optics and solar cells, and external solar trackers. This approach is capable of further increasing the concentration ratio and makes high concentrating photovoltaics (< 500x) available for single-axis tracker installations. The reduced external solar tracking effort enables possibly cheaper and more compact installations. Our proposed optical system uses two laterally moving plano-convex lenses to achieve high concentration over a wide angular range of ±24°. The lateral movement allows to combine both steering and concentration of the incident direct sun light. Given the specific symmetry conditions of the underlying optical design problem, rotational symmetric lenses are not ideal for this application. For this type of design problems, a new free-form optics design method presented in previous papers perfectly matches the symmetry. It is derived directly from Fermat's principle, leading to sets of functional differential equations allowing the successive calculation of the Taylor series coeficients of each implicit surface function up to very high orders. For optical systems designed for wide field of view and with clearly separated optical surfaces, this new analytic design method has potential application in both fields of nonimaging and imaging optics.
GROWTH OF CERTAIN PSYCHROPHILIC BACTERIA IN PASTEURIZED MILK AS INFLUENCED BY PREVIOUS EXCESSIVE PSYCHROPHILIC GROWTH IN THE RAW MILK (1966)

Summary The effect of excessive psychrophilic bacterial growth in raw milk on the growth of psychrophilic bacteria reintroduced into the milk after pasteurization was studied. The results indicated that excessive psychrophilic growth in raw milk had a stimulatory effect on the ability of Brevi. lipolyticum and a psychrophilic isolate to initiate growth after pasteurization and grow more rapidly than in the normal pasteurized milk for one or two days, the effect becoming slightly but insignificantly inhibitory by the end of three or four days. The effect was inhibitory on the growth of P. fragi after one, two, three and four days in pasteurized milk. There was a slight but insignificant stimulatory effect on the growth of P. fluorescens in pasteurized milk in four days. Analysis of the means of the logarithms of the psychrophilic counts in each series of trials on the fourth day after inoculation indicated a slight inhibitory effect on growth from excessive pre-pasteurization psychrophilic growth. However, this effect was not pronounced enough to be statistically significant.
An assessment of Gigabit Ethernet as cluster interconnect (1999)

With the advent of Gigabit Ethernet network technology, a new contender for the next-generation cluster interconnect is on the horizon. We benchmark Gigabit Ethernet and compare it to other cluster interconnects, namely Fast Ethernet, Myrinet and Scalable Coherent Interface. For a meaningful comparison, benchmark experiments are carried out at two levels: TCP/IP networking and MPI parallel programming. Using high-end PCs (Pentium III 450 MHz) and standard system software (Linux and MPICH), our results show that with Gigabit Ethernet, end-to-end throughputs of up to 44 MBytes per second can be achieved. A change from Fast Ethernet to Gigabit Ethernet resulted in performance gains of up to a factor of 5.05 for ftp, up to a factor of 3.10 for MPI point-to-point communication and up to a factor of 2.58 for some NAS parallel benchmarks, depending on communication granularity and message size. Further performance gains seem to require improved protocol processing and node hardware (memory bandwidth, file system, PCI bus).
Abstract 4045: MRAS and SHOC2 interact with SCRIB and coordinate ERK pathway activation with polarity and tumorigenic growth (2015)

Abstract SHOC2 is mutated in Noonan syndrome and plays a key role in the activation of the ERK-MAPK pathway, which is upregulated in the majority of human cancers. SHOC2 functions as a PP1-regulatory protein and as an effector of MRAS. Here we show that SHOC2 and MRAS form a complex with SCRIB, a polarity protein with tumor suppressor properties. SCRIB functions as a PP1-regulatory protein and antagonizes SHOC2-mediated RAF dephosphorylation through a mechanism involving competition for PP1 molecules within the same macromolecular complex. SHOC2 function is selectively required for the malignant properties of tumor cells with mutant RAS, and both MRAS and SHOC2 play a key role in polarized migration. We propose that MRAS, through its ability to recruit a complex with paradoxical components, coordinates ERK pathway spatiotemporal dynamics with polarity and that this complex plays a key role during tumorigenic growth. Citation Format: Lucy C. Young, Nicole Hartig, Marta Munoz-Alegre, Juan A. Oses-Prieto, Sevi Durdu, Sabine Bender, Vineetha Vijakumar, Matteo Vietri Rudan, Christina Gewinner, Amit P. Jathoul, Rupinder Ghatrora, Mark L. Lythgoe, Alma L. Burlingame, Pablo Rodriguez-Viciana. MRAS and SHOC2 interact with SCRIB and coordinate ERK pathway activation with polarity and tumorigenic growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4045. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4045
Determining the Growth Mechanism of Tolazamide by Induction Time Measurement (2006)

A turbidity measurement-based experimental method for the determination of the crystallization induction period is described. The induction times for crystallization of tolazamide, an oral hypoglycemic agent, were measured over a range of supersaturation in both unseeded and seeded crystallization experiments. The measured induction times were then treated using the expressions developed by van der Leeden et al., which relates the induction time and the supersaturation for various growth mechanisms in unseeded and seeded crystallization. On the basis of these analyses, the growth mechanism of tolazamide was identified as two-dimensional nucleation-mediated growth. The analyses also afforded estimation of the kinetic parameters such as nucleation and growth rate constants. In addition, atomic force microscopy imaging of the major faces of tolazamide crystals corroborated this growth mechanism.
Analgesic Effects of 5‐Alkyloxy‐4‐amino‐2(5<i>H</i>)‐furanones as Cholecystokinin‐2 Antagonists (2016)

4-Amino-2(5H)-furanones were synthesized in high yields over two synthetic steps from readily available mucochloric acid. These 5-alkyloxy-4-amino-2(5H)-furanones were screened in a ([125]) I-CCK-8 radioligand receptor binding assay for CCK2 affinity and novel active ligands in the nanomolar range were identified. SAR was optimized leading to the cyclohexyl derivative 25 with an IC50 of 27 nM. Furanone 18 was obtained as a stable crystalline material with an IC50 of 85 nM, but had a higher CCK2 selectivity. It was subsequently tested in the isolated guinea pig ileum assay with sulfated CCK8 , and the CCK antagonizing properties of the ligand were confirmed. The CCK2 selective antagonist 18 was found to potentiate analgesia in the tail flick assay in mice, for the strong opiate morphine, the partial opiate agonist tramadol and the tricyclic antidepressant desimipramine.
Effects of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on neurogenic inflammation of gingivmucosal tissue in rat (1996)

It has been suggested that the unmyelinated small diameter afferent nociceptive C-fibres are impaired in diabetes mellitus. We have recently demonstrated that these fibres are the prerequisite for neurogenic inflammation induced by mechanical or chemical irritations. These experiments were designed to characterize the neurogenic inflammatory responses of gingivomucosal tissue in the early phase of experimental induced diabetes mellitus in rat. Effect of dental ligature on the gingivomucosal (GM) vascular permeability was studied in control rats and in rats pretreated with streptozotocin at d 7 and 14 following streptozotocin administration. In separate groups of control and streptozotocin diabetic rats studies were also performed to investigate the effect of local capsaicin application on GM vascular permeability on d 14. Vascular permeability was assessed by means of Evans blue extravasation. The ligature placed around the mandibular left first molar caused a significant increase vascular permeability of GM tissue on the ipsilateral side on both d 7 and 14 after the ligation in control rats. In streptozotocin diabetic rats on d 7, there was also a significant elevation of Evans blue extravasation in the tissue tested on the ligature side. However, on d 14 the ligation failed to produce any changes in Evans blue extravasation on the ipsilateral side, i.e. no difference in GM vascular permeability could be recorded between the two sides in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Topical capsaicin administration produced significant Evans blue extravasation in GM tissue of control rats compared to that observed in diabetic rats on d 14 after streptozotocin treatment. Electron microscopic and light microscopic studies demonstrated fibre degeneration of the C neurones and less inflammatory cells in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the gingivomucosal tissue. These findings appear to indicate that the inflammatory responses induced by mechanical (dental ligature) and/or chemical irritants (topical application of capsaicin) in the gingivomucosal tissue are altered in streptozotocin diabetic rats and this alteration is due to the diabetes-induced damage to the unmyelinated C fibres.