gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A bacterial gene-drive system efficiently edits and inactivates a high copy number antibiotic resistance locus (2019)

Gene-drive systems in diploid organisms bias the inheritance of one allele over another. CRISPR-based gene-drive expresses a guide RNA (gRNA) into the genome at the site where the gRNA directs Cas9-mediated cleavage. In the presence of Cas9, the gRNA cassette and any linked cargo sequences are copied via homology-directed repair (HDR) onto the homologous chromosome. Here, we develop an analogous CRISPR-based gene-drive system for the bacterium Escherichia coli that efficiently copies a gRNA cassette and adjacent cargo flanked with sequences homologous to the targeted gRNA/Cas9 cleavage site. This "pro-active" genetic system (Pro-AG) functionally inactivates an antibiotic resistance marker on a high copy number plasmid with ~ 100-fold greater efficiency than control CRISPR-based methods, suggesting an amplifying positive feedback loop due to increasing gRNA dosage. Pro-AG can likewise effectively edit large plasmids or single-copy genomic targets or introduce functional genes, foreshadowing potential applications to biotechnology or biomedicine.
Electronic structure of small GaAs clusters. II (1992)

The electronic and geometrical structures of GaxAsy(x + y = 3–10) clusters in nonstoichiometric (x≠y) compositions have been calculated using the local-spin-density method. The results show that all even-numbered GaxAsy(x + y = even) clusters have closed shell electronic structures. The calculated ionization potential and electron affinity for the even-numbered clusters are distinctively different from the neighboring odd-numbered clusters, forming an even/odd alternating pattern with increasing cluster size. This calculation, combined with the results from an earlier calculation for stoichiometric compositions (x=y), shows that the electronic ground states of even-numbered gallium arsenide clusters in the size range 4–10 atoms are closed-shell singlet states with a substantial highest occupied molecular orbital–lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (HOMO–LUMO) gap.
Immunologic properties of protein-lipopolysaccharide complexes. I. Antibody response of normal, thymectomized, and nude mice to a lysozyme-lipopolysaccharide complex. (1977)

The in vivo antibody response to the lysozyme component of a lysozyme-lipopolysaccharide complex has been investigated in normal, thymectomized and nude mice. The splenic PFC response elicited by the complex in CBA mice is 10- to 20-fold higher than the response elicited by lysozyme admixed with LPS. Both lysozyme-LPS complexes and lysozyme + LPS mixtures prime mice for a subsequent secondary anti-lysozyme response. In contrast, thymectomized mice responded poorly to lysozyme-LPS complexes unless reconstituted with splenic T cells. However, nude mice responded as well as Nu/+ controls to the complex. The PFC response of normal and of nude mice was severely depressed by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum. These findings suggest that T lymphocytes contribute significantly to the enhanced immune responsiveness associated with LPS administration.
Tumorigenesis by Human Herpesvirus 8 vGPCR Is Accelerated by Human Immuodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat (2004)

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also called Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) herpesvirus, can cause KS but is inefficient. Untreated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) coinfection is a powerful risk factor. The HHV-8 chemokine receptor, vGPCR (ORF74), activates NF-kappaB and NF-AT, and their levels of activation are synergistically increased by HIV-1 Tat. Transgenic vGPCR mice develop KS-like tumors. A cell line derived from one such tumor expresses vGPCR and forms tumors in nude mice. Here we show that transfection of DNA encoding HIV-1 tat (but not a transactivation-defective mutant) into these tumor cells increases NF-kappaB and NF-AT activation levels and accelerates tumor formation. Tumorigenesis was also accelerated when Tat DNA was transfected into normal cells and the transfected cells were mixed with the tumor cells and injected into a single site. Tumorigenesis was also increased when the two cell types were injected at separate sites, suggesting that tumorigenesis is accelerated by Tat through soluble factors.
Gd-Base Amorphous Magneto-Optical Films with Large Kerr Rotations (1987)

Gd-Fe-Co system has a high Kerr rotation under a forced magnetic field, but this is an in-plane magnetized film. We attempted to produce a perpendicularly magnetized film by adding Tb, Dy or Ho to GdFeCo with high Kerr rotation. Measurement of the variation with temperature of θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> for the samples with Tb, Dy and Ho substituted showed that θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> was higher for all of them than for the Tb-Fe-Co over the whole temperature range, indicating that they have a sufficiently large θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sub> value and that high playback output can be obtained. When static recording was performed on Gd-Dy-Fe-Co perpendicularly magnetized film, excellent recording bit formations of diameter 1.3 μm were obtained.
Generation of tunable 1879–196-nm radiation in ?-BaB_2O_4:?errata (1998)

In Ref. 1, the first full sentence in the right-hand column of p. 1608 should read as: 'Although BBO is phase matchable down to 187 nm and shorter in this configuration without a very large (2-4 degrees ) change in theta (and hence in d(eff)), and B2 is also suitable to accommodate the phase matching, tunability below 187.9 nm becomes limited by the exponential increase in crystal absorption.'
Exploiting Spatial, Frequency, and Multiuser Diversity in 3GPP LTE Cellular Networks (2011)

This paper addresses the problem of frequency domain packet scheduling (FDPS) incorporating spatial division multiplexing (SDM) multiple input multiple output (MIMO) techniques on the 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) downlink. We impose the LTE MIMO constraint of selecting only one MIMO mode (spatial multiplexing or transmit diversity) per user per transmission time interval (TTI). First, we address the optimal MIMO mode selection (multiplexing or diversity) per user in each TTI in order to maximize the proportional fair (PF) criterion adapted to the additional frequency and spatial domains. We prove that both single-user (SU-) and multi-user (MU-) MIMO FDPS problems under the LTE requirement are NP-hard. We therefore develop two types of approximation algorithms (ones with full channel feedback and the others with partial channel feedback), all of which guarantee provable performance bounds for both SU- and MU-MIMO cases. Based on 3GPP LTE system model simulations, our approximation algorithms that take into account both spatial and frequency diversity gains outperform the exact algorithms that do not exploit the potential spatial diversity gain. Moreover, the approximation algorithms with partial channel feedback achieve comparable performance (with only 1-6 percent performance degradation) to the ones with full channel feedback, while significantly reducing the channel feedback overhead by nearly 50 percent.
Irradiation improves properties of an aromatic polyester (1965)

Aromatic polyester, PEN-2,6, is improved through cross-linking effected by radiation. Polymer retains properties of high tensile strength and toughness and stability at high temperatures.
Operational Equations of State for Hydrocode: Computer Implementation (2013)

Formally, the central feature of the equation of state (EOS) for hydrocode is in the choice of the specific volume V and specific internal energy density E as independent thermodynamic parameters. We suggest and explore the properties of the complete EOS for hydrocode having the following form S(V,E)=α(V)+β(E) where α(V) and β(E) are functions that should be determined from experiment. This class of EOS includes the case of perfect gas as very special example. We, then, proceed with the Dulong-Petit model. It is defined as the EOS with a constant heat capacity Cv. For the Dulong-Petit model we also discuss the procedure of computer implementation, and demonstrate our methodology by analyzing experimental data for the stainless steel.
Electric field vector measurements in a surface ionization wave discharge (2015)

This work presents the results of time-resolved electric field vector measurements in a short pulse duration (60 ns full width at half maximum), surface ionization wave discharge in hydrogen using a picosecond four-wave mixing technique. Electric field vector components are measured separately, using pump and Stokes beams linearly polarized in the horizontal and vertical planes, and a polarizer placed in front of the infrared detector. The time-resolved electric field vector is measured at three different locations across the discharge gap, and for three different heights above the alumina ceramic dielectric surface, ~100, 600, and 1100 μm (total of nine different locations). The results show that after breakdown, the discharge develops as an ionization wave propagating along the dielectric surface at an average speed of 1 mm ns −1 . The surface ionization wave forms near the high voltage electrode, close to the dielectric surface (~100 μm). The wave front is characterized by significant overshoot of both vertical and horizontal electric field vector components. Behind the wave front, the vertical field component is rapidly reduced. As the wave propagates along the dielectric surface, it also extends further away from the dielectric surface, up to ~1 mm near the grounded electrode. The horizontal field component behind the wave front remains quite significant, to sustain the electron current toward the high voltage electrode. After the wave reaches the grounded electrode, the horizontal field component experiences a secondary rise in the quasi-dc discharge, where it sustains the current along the near-surface plasma sheet. The measurement results indicate presence of a cathode layer formed near the grounded electrode with significant cathode voltage fall, ≈ 3 kV, due to high current density in the discharge. The peak reduced electric field in the surface ionization wave is 85– 95 Td, consistent with dc breakdown field estimated from the Paschen curve for hydrogen. The present set of data on electric field distribution in a surface ionization wave discharge provides an experimental reference for validation of kinetic models and assessing their predictive capability.
eHeart – EINE SIMULATIONSUMGEBUNG ZUR BERECHNUNG DES NAH- UND FERNFELDES (2003)

Article eHeart – EINE SIMULATIONSUMGEBUNG ZUR BERECHNUNG DES NAH- UND FERNFELDES was published on January 1, 2003 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 48, issue s1).
Recanalization of total arterial occlusions with the Kensey dynamic angioplasty catheter. (1989)

The Kensey dynamic angioplasty catheter is a new device for recanalization of peripheral arterial occlusions. Twelve patients with segmental occlusions who were not considered candidates for conventional bypass surgery because of cardiovascular risk factors were studied. Four of the patients were treated in the operating room. Two had excellent primary results in limb salvage situations, and recanalization of an occluded femoropopliteal bypass graft was successful in another. Bilateral iliac recanalizations in the fourth patient were locally successful but did not prevent the patient's death from advanced ischemic disease. Eight patients were treated percutaneously. Initial recanalization was successful in seven. Four had early reocclusions and required amputation below the knee. One suffered distal embolization after recanalization of a 6-cm popliteal segment and underwent above-the-knee amputation. Long-term follow-up (7-18 months) in the other three patients with successful primary recanalizations has confirmed patency of the recanalized segments.
Exposure of mass-selected bimetallic Pt–Ti nanoalloys to oxygen explored using scanning transmission electron microscopy and density functional theory (2018)

The response of nanoparticles to exposure to ambient conditions and especially oxidation is fundamental to the application of nanotechnology. Bimetallic platinum-titanium nanoparticles of selected mass, 30 kDa and 90 kDa, were produced using a magnetron sputtering gas condensation cluster source and deposited onto amorphous carbon TEM grids. The nanoparticles were analysed with a C<sub>s</sub>-corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) in High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF) mode. It was observed that prior to full Ti oxidation, Pt atoms were dispersed within a Ti shell. However, after full oxidation by prolonged exposure to ambient conditions prior to STEM, the smaller size 30 kDa particles form a single Pt core and the larger size 90 kDa particles exhibit a multi-core structure. Electron beam annealing induced a single core morphology in the larger particles. First principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to calculate the lowest energy structure of the Pt-Ti nanoparticles with and without the presence of oxygen. It was demonstrated that, as the concentration of oxygen increases, the lowest energy structure changes from dispersed Pt to multiple Pt cores and finally a single Pt core, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations.
Proinsulin (1969)

The biosynthesis of insulin occurs in the β-cell via a single-chain protein, proinsulin, which is converted to insulin by cleavage of a peptide that connects the COOH terminus of the B chain to the NH<sub>2</sub>terminus of the A chain. The primary structure of porcine proinsulin is known. Differences in the sequences of the porcine and bovine connecting peptides are reflected by immunologic differences between the respective proinsulins. Proinsulin can be detected in the urine and blood of certain diabetic individuals and may be related to another form of blood insulin, "big" insulin. Although much less effective, proinsulin mimics the actions of insulin on isolated adipose and diaphragm tissues. This is not an intrinsic activity but the result of tissue conversion to a molecule(s) with insulin-like effects.
Transport Properties of Partially-Saturated Rocks – Digital Rock Approach (2005)

H038 TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF PARTIALLY- SATURATED ROCKS: DIGITAL ROCK APPROACH Abstract Fluid Flow Properties NMR Response Nonlinear and coupled processes Digital Rock Geometry f(minerals fluids t) Numerical Simulation Techniques (Lattice-Boltzmann FEM Parallelization) Electrical Properties Elastic Properties Figure 1: Schematic diagram of computational rock physics framework. 1 We investigated transport properties in partially-saturated rocks by numerical experiments. Multiple pore-scale simulators were used on digital rocks: single- and two-phase Lattice- Boltzmann flow simulators and FEM electrical property simulator. Partially-saturated rock samples were created through two-phase flow simulations. We used both steady-state and unsteady-state simulations to compare static and dynamic situations. We then
1s2p Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering of Iron Oxides (2005)

1s2p resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) spectroscopy has been measured for a series of iron oxides, including octahedral and tetrahedral Fe(II) and Fe(III) systems. Their spectral shapes have been analyzed and explained using crystal-field multiplet simulations. The RIXS planes and the K-edge and L-edge X-ray absorption spectra related to these RIXS planes will be discussed with respect to their analytical opportunities. It is concluded that the full power and possibilities of 1s2p RIXS needs an overall resolution of 0.3 eV. This will yield a technique with more detailed information than K-edge and L-edge X-ray absorption combined, obtained in a single experiment. Another major advantage is that 1s2p RIXS involves only hard X-rays, and experiments under essentially any condition and on any system are feasible.
Reactions of alkynes with phosphido niobocenes: a combined experimental and theoretical study (2010)

The reactions of phosphido complexes [Nb(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)SiMe(3))(2)(L)(PPh(2))] [L = CO (1), CNxylyl (2), CNCy (3)] with alkynes have been carried out. The new diphenylphosphinoalkenyl niobocene complexes [Nb(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)SiMe(3))(2)(eta(1)-C-C(CO(2)CH(3))=C(R)PPh(2))(CO)] [R = H (4), CH(3) (5)] and [Nb(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)SiMe(3))(2)(eta(1)-C-C(CO(2)R)=C(CO(2)R)PPh(2))(CO)] [R = CH(3), (6), R = (t)Bu, (7)] were successfully synthesized by the reaction of with methyl propiolate (HC[triple bond]CCO(2)CH(3)) or methyl 2-butynoate (CH(3)C[triple bond]CCO(2)CH(3)) and dimethyl 2-butynedioate [(CH(3) O(2)C)C[triple bond]C(CO(2)CH(3))] or di(tert-butyl) 2-butynedioate [((t)BuO(2)C)C[triple bond]C(CO(2)(t)Bu)], respectively. However, reaction was not observed with more electron-rich alkynes. Complex reacted with methyl propiolate, methyl 2-butynoate (MeC[triple bond]CCO(2)Me) or di(tert-butyl) 2-butynedioate to give surprising new heteroniobacycle complexes [Nb(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)SiMe(3))(2)(eta(1)-C-C(=NXylyl)C(R(1))=C(R(2))PPh(2)-kappa(1)-P)] [R(1) = H, R(2) = CO(2)Me (8); R(1) = Me, R(2) = CO(2)Me (9); R(1) = CO(2)(t)Bu, R(2) = CO(2)(t)Bu (10)]. Finally, the phosphido complexes and reacted with phenylacetylene (PhC[triple bond]CH) to give new diphenylphosphinoalkenyl niobocene derivatives [Nb(eta(5)-C(5)H(4)SiMe(3))(2)(eta(1)-C-C(C(6)H(5))=C(H)PPh(2))(CNR)] [R = xylyl (11), Cy (12)]. All of these compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and the molecular structure of was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Theoretical studies were also carried out by means of density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the insertions of alkynes into the Nb-P bond in the phosphido niobocenes.
CD4+, HLA class I-restricted, cytolytic T-lymphocyte clone against primary malignant melanoma cells (2000)

The involvement of HLA-class I in target cell lysis by CD4(+) cytolytic T cells (CTL) has been a controversial issue. A CTL clone of CD4 phenotype was derived from the peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with primary melanoma. The CTL clone stably lysed the autologous primary melanoma cells for approximately 9 months in culture. Both the Valpha2/Vbeta8 T-cell receptor and CD4 were involved in CTL cytotoxicity. Of a large panel of allogeneic primary and metastatic melanoma or colorectal carcinoma cells, autologous and allogeneic Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells and autologous fibroblasts, only allogeneic metastatic melanoma cells matched with the autologous tumor cells for HLA-class I (B57[17]) were lysed and induced IFN-gamma secretion by the CTL clone. Lysis of the autologous tumor cells was significantly blocked by monoclonal antibody to HLA-B17. Importantly, allogeneic, HLA-class I- and class II-unmatched melanoma cells were lysed by the CTL only following transfection of the cells with B57[17] cDNA. Our results provide direct evidence for the involvement of both CD4 and HLA-class I in tumor cell lysis by CD4(+) CTL.
Infectious Triggers of Hemophagocytic Syndrome in Children (2006)

From the State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Syracuse, NY. Sponsored by the Merck Vaccine Division
The sensitive determination of abanoquil in blood by high-performance liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometry (1992)

A method is described for the determination of abanoquil in human blood. The method is based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/atmospheric pressure positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry, using (2H3)abanoquil as internal standard. Multiple reaction monitoring is employed for selectivity and sensitivity, which enables quantification over the range 10-500 pg ml-1 with acceptable precision and accuracy. This assay methodology illustrates the versatility of atmospheric pressure ionization/tandem mass spectrometry, in conjunction with HPLC, for the separation and quantification of drugs in the subnanogram per millilitre range.
Phytotoxicity of <i>Discula destructiva</i> Culture Filtrates to <i>Cornus</i> spp. and the Relationship to Disease Symptomology (1999)

Discula destructiva culture filtrates and partially purified culture filtrates (PPCF) inhibited radish (Raphanus sativus) and dogwood (Cornus) species in a seedling root bioassay. Noninoculated potato-dextrose broth (PDB) extracted and separated in a similar manner also inhibited seedling growth. Reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography separated this inhibitory activity into two fractions, with one associated with the inhibitory action observed with PDB controls. The active fraction without interference with PDB, determined by bioassays, was extracted from cultures grown on Murishige-Skoog (MS) medium, which had no inhibitory activity associated with noninoculated controls. The active fraction was tested in a leaf overlay technique using 10 Cornus spp. All dogwood species were sensitive to the fraction and exhibited necrotic lesions bounded by a red margin, typical of dogwood anthracnose. The active fraction was translocated in Cornus alba to the leaf margin. C. canadensis showed minimal primary lesion formation but developed leaf curling and necrosis on leaf margins of newly emerging leaves, indicating apical translocation of the fraction from the application site. Comparison of three D. destructiva (Type 1) isolates and a Discula sp. (Type 2) isolate for production of the active fraction showed that the Type 2 isolate did not produce detectable amounts of the active component.
PHEMT MMIC switch for 30 GHz communications systems (1996)

A monolithic GaAs Ka-band rf control switch has been developed for use in wireless communications systems. The switch consists of two parallel-resonated GaAs PHEMTs in a shunt single-pole double-throw (SPDT) configuration and has very low dc power dissipation, 1.0 dB insertion loss, and 35 dB isolation. A simple small-signal model is presented to explain the basic features of a resonated PHEMT switch. The switch has a robust design and is adaptable to numerous rf control applications such as phase shifters, transmit inhibit circuits, and broadband wireless LAN systems (WLAN).
Metallic Nitrides for Corrosion Protection in Marine Environments; Theory Compared to Experimental Results (1997)

Abstract A theoretical and experimental study was conducted to predict and test the corrosion behavior of metallic nitride films on stainless steel. Theoretical prediction of corrosion resistance properties was conducted by the construction and interpretation of Pourbaix Diagrams1 for metallic nitrides. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was then employed to determine whether the predicted corrosion protection in a marine environment was obtained. This study found that in most cases, the use of Pourbaix Diagrams to predict corrosion resistance on 304 stainless steel gave accurate results and is a useful technique for material selection of nitride/substrate combinations for corrosion resistance.
Heat Transfer Coefficient between Bed and Inserted Horizontal Tube Wall in Three-Phase Fluidized Beds (1984)

直径19および12cmの3相流動層において, 塔内に水平に挿入した管壁と層間の伝熱係数を測定した.空気-水および空気-カルボキシメチルセルロース水溶液を流動化媒体として, 粒径の異なるガラス球 (直径0.052～0.22cm, 密度2.59・cm-3) および多孔質アルミナ球 (直径0.32cm, 見かけの密度1.62g・cm-3) を流動化した.液およびガス流速はそれぞれ0.1～8.0cm・s-1および2.0～16cm・S-1の範囲で変化させた.流動領域における伝熱係数hは次のように相関された.Nu'=0.12 {(dh0+dh/dh) 0.5 (Re'・Pr) 0.65+0.12Frh0.5} +1.3Frp0.33ここにNu'=hdpεl/ {kl (1-εl)}, Re'=dpulρl/ {ηl (1-εl)}, Pr=cplηl/kl, Frh=ug2/ (g・dh), Frp=ug2/ (g・dp), dh0=2cm, dhは管径, klは液の熱伝導度, ugは見かけのガス流速, ulは見かけの液流速, εlは液ホールドアップ, ηlは液粘度, ρlは液密度である.