gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishing an undergraduate research program in physics: How it was done (1976)

In the fall of 1969, MIT extended an open invitation to all of its undergraduate students to join the professional research activities of the faculty. This undergraduate research program rapidly increased in size, scope, impact, and diversity. In this article we report on the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP) in the MIT Physics Department: the philosophy and objectives of the Physics program, its organization, rules, funding, growth, atmosphere, problems, and accomplishments. By the end of its first three years, Physics UROP included more than 50% of all the undergraduates enrolled in physics. Evaluations of UROP by faculty, administrators, and students were uniformly enthusiastic. This article presents the outline of how Physics UROP was established and how it evolved. Now in its seventh year, UROP has survived to maturity without becoming a cumbersome bureaucracy.
Effects of Vasoconstrictors on Rabbit Coronary Arteries Exposed to Isotonic Ionic and Nonionic Contrast Media (1993)

Different types of iso-osmolar CM interact differently with vasoconstrictors. These effects are caused by differences in chemo- and ion toxicity. These interactions might contribute to the differences in vasodilatation found clinically.
Open reading frame 73 is required for herpesvirus saimiri A11-S4 episomal persistence (2005)

Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) establishes a latent infection in which the viral genome persists as a non-integrated episome. Analysis has shown that only open reading frames (ORFs) 71-73 are transcribed in an in vitro model of HVS latency. ORF73 also colocalizes with HVS genomic DNA on host mitotic chromosomes and maintains the stability of HVS terminal-repeat-containing plasmids. However, it is not known whether ORF73 is the only HVS-encoded protein required for episomal maintenance. In this study, the elements required for episomal maintenance in the context of a full-length HVS genome were examined by mutational analysis. A recombinant virus, HVS-BAC delta71-73, lacking the latency-associated genes was unable to persist in a dividing cell population. However, retrofitting an ORF73 expression cassette into the recombinant virus rescued episomal maintenance. This indicates that ORF73 is the key trans-acting factor for episomal persistence and efficient establishment of a latent infection.
Supreme Court Justices’ Loyalty to the President (2016)

A statistical analysis of voting by Supreme Court justices from 1937 to 2014 provides evidence of a loyalty effect—justices more frequently vote for the government when the president who appointed them is in office than when subsequent presidents lead the government. This effect exists even when subsequent presidents are of the same party as the justices in question. However, the loyalty effect is much stronger for Democratic justices than for Republican justices. This may be because Republican presidents are more ideologically committed than Democratic justices are, leaving less room for demonstrations of loyalty.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Oxa‐Analogues and Homologues of Naturally Occurring Polyamines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Local Oxygen-Vacancy Ordering and Twinned Octahedral Tilting Pattern in the Bi<sub>0.81</sub>Pb<sub>0.19</sub>FeO<sub>2.905</sub> Cubic Perovskite (2012)

The structure of Bi0.81Pb0.19FeO2.905 was investigated on different length scales using a combination of electron diffraction, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. In the 80–300 K temperature range, the average crystal structure of Bi0.81Pb0.19FeO2.905 is a cubic Pm3̅m perovskite with a = 3.95368(3) Å at T = 300 K. The (Pb2+, Bi3+) cations and O2– anions are randomly displaced along the ⟨110⟩ cubic directions, indicating the steric activity of the lone pair on the Pb2+ and Bi3+ cations and a tilting distortion of the perovskite framework. The charge imbalance induced by the heterovalent Bi3+ → Pb2+ substitution is compensated by the formation of oxygen vacancies preserving the trivalent state of the Fe cations. On a short scale, oxygen vacancies are located in anion-deficient (FeO1.25) layers that are approximately 6 perovskite unit cells apart and transform every sixth layer of the FeO6 octahedra into a layer with a 1:1 mixture of corner-sharing FeO4 tetrahedra and FeO5 tetragonal pyramids. The anion-deficient layers act as twin planes for the octahedral tilting pattern of adjacent perovskite blocks. They effectively randomize the octahedral tilting and prevent the cooperative distortion of the perovskite framework. The disorder in the anion sublattice impedes cooperative interactions of the local dipoles induced by the off-center displacements of the Pb and Bi cations. Magnetic susceptibility measurements evidence the antiferromagnetic ordering in Bi0.81Pb0.19FeO2.905 at low temperatures.
High-Tg TOPAS mPOF strain sensing at 110 degrees (2013)

We demonstrate a mPOF made of high-Tg TOPAS grade 5013 with Tg = 135°C. We inscribe FBGs into the fiber and demonstrate strain sensing of 2.5% strain at 98°C, further we also demonstrate strain sensing at a record high temperature of 110°C. The Bragg wavelengths of the FBGs are around 860 nm, where the propagation loss is 5.1dB/m, close to the fiber loss minimum of 3.67dB/m at 787nm.
Accelerating image resizing by multiple seam removal and path update (2013)

With the increase in variety of media devices with different resolutions, focus on the image resizing techniques have been increased. Traditional methods are computationally efficient but may not preserve some important image contents. Therefore, recently several new methods called content-aware techniques have been proposed that generate better results. Among these techniques, seam carving (SC) has proved to be powerful techniques that produce acceptable quality results. However, due to sequential nature of this method, it has slow execution process. In this paper we propose removal of multiple seams to accelerate the process. Experiments showed that our method runs about 5.5 times faster and generates comparable quality results.
DNA detection and seroprevalence of human papillomavirus in a cohort of adolescent women (2013)

In this cohort of adolescent women, high- and low-risk HPV types were frequently detected, and serological data confirmed exposure in most subjects. The high-prevalence HPV types represented in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine further support vaccination of women at an age well before sexual debut.
Influence of Phosphatidylcholine on Lymphatic Absorption during Peritoneal Dialysis in the Rat (1988)

The mechanism whereby i.p. administration of phosphatidylcholine increases net ultrafiltration and solute clearances after long-dwell exchanges is not established. We performed 4-h exchanges in rats using 4.25% dextrose dialysis solution with and without the addition of 50 mgl L phosphatidylcholine. Net ultrafiltration was enhanced in the treated rats (p < 0.005) by a reduction in cumulative lymphatic absorption (p < 0.01) and without a concurrent increase in total net transcapillary ultrafiltration during the dwell time. Likewise, urea and phosphate clearances with i.p. phosphatidylcholine were enhanced mainly by the increase in the drain volume since serum to dialysate solute concentration ratios did not differ significantly between the treated and control rats. Thus, phosphatidylcholine increases net ultrafiltration and solute clearances in the rat by decreasing lymphatic absorption and without increasing transperitoneal transport of water and solutes into the peritoneal cavity. The uptake of the india ink by the lymphatics of rats who received dialysis exchanges without phosphatidylcholine and the lack of uptake in rats treated with phosphatidylcholine are supported by this observation. Reduction in lymphatic absorption with the addition of phosphatidylcholine to the infused dialysis solution offers an alternative means of enhancing the efficiency of long-dwell peritoneal dialysis.
Alendronate Prevents Postmenopausal Bone Loss in Women without Osteoporosis: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial (1998)

In early postmenopausal women, alendronate given for 3 years at dosages of 5 mg/d or greater prevented the loss of bone mineral density at the spine and hip and in the total body. Alendronate seems to be a safe and effective nonhormonal option for prevention of postmenopausal bone loss.
Rb-independent Induction of Apoptosis by Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 E7 in Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor α (2000)

Bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) is a small DNA virus that causes fibropapillomas of the host. BPV-1 has served as the prototype for studies of the molecular biology of the papillomaviruses. BPV-1 efficiently induces anchorage-independent growth and focus formation in murine C127 cells. The transforming properties of BPV-1 primarily reside in two genes, E5 and E6. Each of these genes is sufficient to transform cells. Although no independent transformation activity has been detected for E7, it was shown to be required for full transformation of C127 by BPV-1. We investigated the biological activities of BPV-1 E7 in several assays. Our results indicate that expression of BPV-1 E7 sensitizes cells to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-induced apoptosis. The TNF-induced apoptosis in E7-expressing cells was accompanied by increased release of arachidonic acid, indicating that phospholipase A(2) was activated. Unlike the E7 proteins from the cancer-related human papillomaviruses, the BPV-1 E7 protein does not associate efficiently with the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) in vitro, nor does it significantly affect the pRB levels in cultured cells. Furthermore, BPV-1 E7 sensitizes Rb-null cells to TNF-induced apoptosis. These studies indicate that BPV-1 E7 can sensitize cells to apoptosis through mechanisms that are independent of pRB.
Facile synthesis of Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>/rGO nanorods with enhanced electrochemical performance for aluminum-ion batteries (2018)

The electrochemical behaviors of the ultrashort nickel phosphite nanorods supported on reduced graphene oxide (Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>/rGO nanorods), as a candidate for cathodic applications in aluminum-ion batteries, are firstly investigated. Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>/rGO nanorods are synthesized by a facile solvothermal process. Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub> and Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>/rGO cathodes both possess very high initial discharge capacities of 132.4 and 182.0 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 200 mA g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. In addition, the long-term cycling stability of the Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub>/rGO cathode is further evaluated, exhibiting a discharge capacity of 49.2 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> even over 1500 cycles. More importantly, the redox reaction mechanism of the Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub> cathode for aluminum-ion batteries revealed that Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub> is partially substituted with Al<sup>3+</sup> to form Al<sub>m</sub>Ni<sub>n</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub> and metallic Ni in the nanorod-like Ni<sub>11</sub>(HPO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(OH)<sub>6</sub> cathodes during the discharge process. These findings are of great significance for the further development of novel materials for aluminum-ion batteries.
STUDY TOWARDS UTILIZATION OF CONCRETE USED SCALLOP SHELL AS FINE AGGREGATE (2012)

本研究は，ホタテ質量の約50%を占めている貝殻の大量にリサイクルできる方法としての確立を目指し，機械的に破砕したホタテ貝殻（シェルサンド）をコンクリート用細骨材として活用することを目的に実施した．ホタテ貝殻を細骨材として適用可能な性状まで破砕することは通常難しいため，回転式破砕機を採り上げ，その破砕性能について検討を行った．そして，シェルサンドをJIS規格を満足する細骨材として活用したシェルコンクリートについて，基本性質を把握するための各種室内試験や，実用化に向けた問題点の検証を目的とした実証試験を実施し，その一連の研究成果から，シェルコンクリートの基本性質は普通コンクリートと同程度であり，また実用化についても普通コンクリート以上の配慮事項はみられないことを確認した．
Novel 10 Gbit/s integrated silicon bipolar decisioncircuit for dispersion supported transmission (1994)

A special decision circuit with dual threshold detection and memory has been realised for 10 Gbit/s operation as an integrated circuit using a silicon bipolar technology. The circuit can be used for signal regeneration in conjunction with the method of dispersion supported transmission.
COMPLICATIONS OF LOCKING PLATES USED FOR FRACTURES OF THE PROXIMAL HUMERUS. (2009)

Introduction: Locking plates and screws have been developed to increase stability of internal fixation in osteoporotic bone. The anatomic design should also facilitate the fracture’s reduction in complex cases. The aim of this study was analyse the results of locking plates used for fractures of the proximal humerus and to look for specific complications. Method: Forty four patients (mean age 60; 28 males and 16 females) were treated with a locking plate (Philos, Synthes-Sratec Medical, Switzerland) for trauma of the proximal humerus. There were fourteen 2-part (32%), ten 3-part (23%), ten valgus impacted 4-part (23%), 3 classical 4-part (7%) fractures and 7 non-unions (15%). Five patients presented an associated gleno-humeral dislocation. Patients were reviewed clinically and radiologically at a mean follow-up of 21 months (6–42). A particular attention was paid to the occurrence of specific complications. Results: A deep infection occurred in two patients (4,5%); two others lost the reduction (4,5%), and one broke his plate (2,3%). We observed 9 cases (20,5%) of avascular necrosis. Six patients (13,6%) had an impaction of the fracture with secondary intraarticular protrusion of the locked screws, which induced a secondary glenoid wear. The impaction sometimes occurred even without any evidence of AVN. Protrusion of screws were more frequent in elderly patients or in cases of non-union. Revision surgery (18 operations) was performed in 16 patients (36%) : 9 isolated material removal; 3 revisions for loss of reduction and malposition of the plate; 2 debridement including implantation of a cement spacer with antibiotics; 4 arthroplasties (2 hemi and 2 total shoulder prostheses). Conclusions: Proximal humerus locking plates and screws, designed to improve stability in osteoporotic bone, may have specific complications. They do not prevent fracture’s impaction, resulting in an intraarticular protrusion of the locked screws, which may induce a severe secondary wear of the glenoid. This phenomenon could be due to the direction of the forces and stresses applied on the humeral head, which is mainly parallel to the screws and not perpendicular to them. Accordingly, patients operated on with proximal humerus locking plates should be regularly controlled. In case of progressive humeral head impaction, the material should be removed before it damages the glenoid.
Adsorption of Nitrogen and Oxygen in the Zeolites LiA and LiX Investigated by <sup>6</sup>Li and <sup>7</sup>Li MAS NMR Spectroscopy (2000)

The dehydrated zeolites LiX-1.0 [(SiAlO4)96Li96], LiX-1.25 [(Si106Al86O384)Li86], LiA [(SiAlO4)96Li96], and LiA-1.15 [(Si102.7Al89.3O384)Li89.3] have been studied in a vacuum and in the presence of oxygen and nitrogen gases by 7Li and 6Li MAS NMR spectroscopy. The adsorption of N2 molecules causes a small shift (Δδ = 0.2 ppm) to higher frequencies for the component belonging to cations interacting with N2 molecules. In contrast, the adsorption of oxygen causes a strong downfield (paramagnetic) shift depending on the accessibility of the Li cations. Observations made in the 7Li MAS NMR spectra recorded at the different conditions were used to propose a model for the location of the Li cations in zeolite LiA. As determined from the NMR spectra, the difference in nitrogen adsorption capacity of LiX and LiA is directly related to the accessibility of Li cations in each material.
Optimum Single Antenna Full Duplex Using Hybrid Junctions (2014)

This paper investigates electrical balance (EB) in hybrid junctions as a method of achieving transmitter-receiver isolation in single antenna full duplex wireless systems. A novel technique for maximizing isolation in EB duplexers is presented, and we show that the maximum achievable isolation is proportional to the variance of the antenna reflection coefficient with respect to frequency. Consequently, antenna characteristics can have a significant detrimental impact on the isolation bandwidth. Simulations that include embedded antenna measurements show a mean isolation of 62 dB over a 20-MHz bandwidth at 1.9 GHz but relatively poor performance at wider bandwidths. Furthermore, the operational environment can have a significant impact on isolation performance. We present a novel method of characterizing radio reflections being returned to a single antenna. Results show as little as 39 dB of attenuation in the radio echo for a highly reflective indoor environment at 1.9 GHz and that the mean isolation of an EB duplexer is reduced by 7 dB in this environment. A full duplex architecture exploiting EB is proposed.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Azide Anion (N<sup>−</sup><sub>3</sub>) in the Gas Phase (1985)

Abstract We report the formation of the azide anion (N − 3 ) in the gas phase by dissociative electron attachment to benzyl azide in a beam experiment. The electron photodetachment cross section of N − 3 , generated analogously in an ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) spectrometer has been measured. A threshold of 2.76 ± 0.04 eV was obtained corresponding to the vertical detachment energy in N − 3 . Ab initio calculations on N − 3 and N 3 predict similar geometries for both compounds, indicating that the photodetachment threshold can be equated with the electron affinity of the azide radical.
Building blocks for tomorrow's mobile app store (2012)

In our homes and in the enterprise, in our leisure and in our professions, mobile computing is no longer merely exciting; it is becoming an essential, ubiquitous tool of the modern world. New and innovative mobile applications continue to inform, entertain, and surprise users. But, to make the daily use of mobile technologies more gratifying and worthwhile, we must move forward with new levels of sophistication. The Mobile App Stores of the future must be built on stronger foundations. 
This dissertation considers a broad view of the challenges and intuitions behind a diverse selection of such new primitives. Some of these primitives will mitigate existing and fundamental challenges of mobile computing, especially relating to wireless communication. Others will take an application-driven approach, being designed to serve a novel purpose, and be adapted to the unique and varied challenges from their disparate domains. However, all are related through a unifying goal, to provide a seamless, enjoyable, and productive mobile experience. This dissertation takes view that by bringing together nontrivial enhancements across a selection of disparate-but-interrelated domains, the impact is synergistically stronger than the sum of each in isolation. Through their collective impact, these new building blocks can help lay a foundation to upgrade mobile technology beyond the expectations of early-adopters, and into seamless integration with all of our lives.
Skeletal Muscle Glucocorticoid Receptor Density and Insulin Resistance (2002)

When Are Medication Side Effects Due to the Nocebo Phenomenon?To the Editor: In their discussion of the nocebo phenomenon, Dr Barsky and colleagues 1 do not adequately address the issue of causality.Like the distinction between "adverse events" (which occur while receiving a drug, irrespective of causality) and "adverse drug reactions" (which have a plausible causal relationship to the drug), any discussion of the nocebo phenomenon should distinguish between adverse events occurring while receiving placebo vs those directly attributable to it.In the studies that Barsky et al cite as offering quantitative support for their position, it is not clear that this distinction has been made, since most clinical trials elicit adverse events by asking questions such as "Have you felt differently in any way since your last visit?"Because it is even more difficult to determine causality for placebos than for active drugs, it will be challenging to obtain accurate information on the magnitude of this important problem.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of 3,7‐Bis(arylmethylene)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Derivatives. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Large Extracellular Loop of Organic Cation Transporter 1 Influences Substrate Affinity and Is Pivotal for Oligomerization (2011)

Polyspecific organic anion transporters (OATs) and organic cation transporters (OCTs) of the SLC22 transporter family play a pivotal role in absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs. Polymorphisms in these transporters influence therapeutic effects. On the basis of functional characterizations, homology modeling, and mutagenesis, hypotheses for how OCTs bind and translocate structurally different cations were raised, assuming functionally competent monomers. However, homo-oligomerization has been described for OATs and OCTs. In the present study, evidence is provided that the large extracellular loops (EL) of rat Oct1 (rOct1) and rat Oat1 (rOat1) mediate homo- but not hetero-oligomerization. Replacement of the cysteine residues in the EL of rOct1 by serine residues (rOct1(6ΔC-l)) or breaking disulfide bonds with dithiothreitol prevented oligomerization. rOct1 chimera containing the EL of rOat1 (rOct1(rOat1-l)) showed oligomerization but reduced transporter amount in the plasma membrane. For rOct1(6ΔC-l) and rOct1(rOat1-l), similar K(m) values for 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(+) (MPP(+)) and tetraethylammonium(+) (TEA(+)) were obtained that were higher compared with rOct1 wild type. The increased K(m) of rOct1(rOat1-l) indicates an allosteric effect of EL on the cation binding region. The similar substrate affinity of the oligomerizing and non-oligomerizing loop mutants suggests that oligomerization does not influence transport function. Independent transport function of rOct1 monomers was also demonstrated by showing that K(m) values for MPP(+) and TEA(+) were not changed after treatment with dithiothreitol and that a tandem protein with two rOct1 monomers showed about 50% activity with unchanged K(m) values for MPP(+) and TEA(+) when one monomer was blocked. The data help to understand how OCTs work and how mutations in patients may affect their functions.