gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manipulator compliance based on joint torque control (1980)

The application of robot manipulators to batch manufacturing product assembly requires the control and monitoring of both robot force and position. A good force sensing technique is imperative to increase the robot's capabilities in this area. A fast reliable force servo system based on the proper sensing technique is also needed to increase the speed of robot operations. This paper analyzes currently existing force sensing techniques concluding that a joint torque sensing technique will results the best performance in a force servo system. A new, simple, high again, wide bandwidth torque servo system using a joint torque sensor system has been developed and has been verified by using a single joint manipulator. An accurate method of selecting the force servo joints to provide compliance has also been developed. Finally, a complete and consistent algorithm for performing compliance is presented.
Inhibitors of LSD1 as a potential therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (2016)

LSD1 inhibitors represent a promising novel epigenetic approach for AML therapy. Preclinical studies have revealed that pharmacologic LD1 inhibitors function primarily by altering stem cell programs and restoring myeloid differentiation to AML cells. These effects are markedly enhanced in combination with trans-retinoic acid or histone deacetylase inhibitors with little toxicity. Currently, multiple oral LSD1 inhibitors are undergoing phase 1 investigation in patients with AML. The results of these clinical trials are eagerly awaited.
Tonsillar Microbial Flora: Comparison of Recurrent Tonsillitis and Normal Tonsils (1999)

Tonsillar microbial flora was studied in cultures of tonsillar core specimens from 34 patients tonsillectomized due to recurrent group A streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis (n = 17) or sleep apnoea (n = 17). Patients in the sleep apnoea subgroup, who had no history of recurrent tonsillitis and manifested no tonsillar hypertrophy at ENT examination, served as controls. Tonsillar core specimens were cultured for semi-quantitative estimation of growth of aerobic, anaerobic and facultative organisms. The recurrent tonsillitis and apnoea subgroups did not differ significantly in the mean number of isolates per patient, either of aerobic spp. (3.8 vs. 4.3) or anaerobic spp. (5.2 vs. 4.7). Nor did the two subgroups differ significantly in the proportion of patients whose specimens manifested beta-lactamase producers (71% vs. 59%), in the isolation frequency of viridans (alpha) streptococci, or in the occurrence of semi-quantitative growth estimates of 3-4+ for aerobic, anaerobic or beta-lactamase-producing spp. Thus, the study provided no support for the hypothesis that inactivation of penicillin V by beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in oral or throat flora, or the eradication of viridans streptococci with their GAS-inhibitory capacity, is an important factor with regard to recurrent group A streptococcal tonsillitis. Other possible explanations, such as poor antibiotic penetration at the site of infection, are discussed.
A mechanistic analysis of the inoculum requirement for the cultivation of mammalian cells on microcarriers (1985)

Abstract For the cultivation of mammalian cells on microcarriers a minimum inoculum concentration is required to initiate cell attachment and subsequent cell growth. A critical cell number model has been proposed to elucidate the mechanism of the inoculum requirement. In this model it was hypothesized that after inoculation a critical number of cells per microcarrier is required for normal growth to occur; failure to acquire enough cells will impede cell growth. This critical cell number model was expressed mathematically and used to simulate cell distribution and growth on microcarriers under different cultivation conditions. By comparing the simulated growth kinetics with the experimental results, the actual critical cell number per microcarrier was identified. The critical number could be reduced by employing an improved medium for the cultivation.
Leakage Current in DRAM Memory Cell (2006)

Retention time is a critical characteristic in dynamic random access memory (DRAM) design. In order to improve DRAM retention time characteristics, leakage current must be reduced and various solutions are proposed. The major leakage paths in a DRAM cell stem from reverse junction leakage from the storage node, and gate induced drain leakage (GIDL) current. Empirically it is known that the junction leakage is affected by the lateral electric field near the storage node, which is enhanced by an increase in substrate doping due to threshold adjustment. The DRAM cell becomes more susceptible to GIDL when the storage node stores a "1" and a negative bias is applied to the gate. The voltage drop across the gate oxide creates a vertical electric field that leads to a higher leakage current. In this paper, these leakage paths are investigated with device simulation. Tradeoffs between substrate doping, gate thickness and leakage are explored using Silvaco Atonable/Atlas. The DRAM cell was modeled using a 0.24 mum NMOS transistor. Substrate doping was varied to analyze its effect on depletion region, lateral electric field, and reverse current. Device simulation has shown that a lower substrate doping yields better results on lateral field and reverse current. As the substrate doping was reduced from 5.8times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> to 9times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , the lateral field decreased from 7.25times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> V/cm to 5.6times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> V/cm. Subsequently, the reverse current decreased from 3.1 pA to 0.5 pA. The GIDL was explored by varying LDD implantation energy and gate oxide thickness. As oxide thickness increased, the vertical field decreased because the voltage drop occurred over a larger distance. The vertical field was reduced from 1.25times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> V/cm to 6.9times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> V/cm when the oxide thickness was increased from 11.7 to 21.6 nm.
Effect of Variable Stiffness Colonoscopes on Cecal Intubation Times for Routine Colonoscopy by an Experienced Examiner in Sedated Patients (2001)

Variable-stiffness colonoscopes were frequently judged useful by an experienced examiner but did not impact cecal intubation times in sedated patients. Additional studies by other experienced and inexperienced examiners, as well as evaluation of additional technical improvements and evaluation in unsedated patients, are needed.
Parameter estimation of ordinary differential equations (2005)

This paper addresses the development of a new algorithm for parameter estimation of ordinary differential equations. Here, we show that (1) the simultaneous approach combined with orthogonal cyclic reduction can be used to reduce the estimation problem to an optimization problem subject to a fixed number of equality constraints without the need for structural information to devise a stable embedding in the case of non-trivial dichotomy and (2) the Newton approximation of the Hessian information of the Lagrangian function of the estimation problem should be used in cases where hypothesized models are incorrect or only a limited amount of sample data is available. A new algorithm is proposed which includes the use of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) Gauss-Newton approximation but also encompasses the SQP Newton approximation along with tests of when to use this approximation. This composite approach relaxes the restrictions on the SQP Gauss-Newton approximation that the hypothesized model should be correct and the sample data set large enough. This new algorithm has been tested on two standard problems.
Apoptosis, oxidative metabolism and interleukin-8 production in human neutrophils exposed to azithromycin: effects of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2000)

Pathogen virulence factors and the host inflammatory response cause tissue injury associated with respiratory tract infections. The azalide azithromycin has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of these infections. It has been demonstrated previously that induction of polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) apoptosis is associated with minimization of tissue damage and inflammation in the lung. We hypothesized that, in addition to its antibacterial effects, azithromycin may promote apoptosis. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of azithromycin on PMN apoptosis, oxidative function and interleukin-8 (IL-8) production in the presence or absence of Streptococcus pneumoniae, in comparison with penicillin, erythromycin, dexamethasone or phosphate-buffered saline. Human circulating PMNs were assessed for apoptosis (by annexin V labelling and ELISA), oxidative function (by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction) and IL-8 production (by ELISA). Azithromycin significantly induced PMN apoptosis in the absence of S. pneumoniae after 1 h (10.27% +/- 1.48%, compared with 2.19% +/- 0.42% in controls) to levels similar to those after 3 h induction with tumour necrosis factor-alpha (8. 73% +/- 1.86%). This effect was abolished in the presence of S. pneumoniae. Apoptosis in PMNs exposed to the other drugs was not significantly different from that in controls. Azithromycin did not affect PMN oxidative metabolism or IL-8 production. In summary, azithromycin-induced PMN apoptosis may be detected in the absence of any effect on PMN function, and the pro-apoptotic properties of azithromycin are inhibited in the presence of S. pneumoniae.
Design of 60 GHz Vector Modulator Based Active Phase Shifter (2011)

This paper presents a design of 60 GHz active phase shifter for next generation mm-Wave WPAN using 90 nm TSMC CMOS technology. The vector modulator based phase shifter is chosen as a prototype because it provides accurate resolution over 360 degree. The phase shifter is controlled by 5 bit digitally controlled by binary current weighted DAC. The miniaturized Marchand balun and 2 stage poly phase filter are used to generate differential I/Q signal from single signal. The three CS amplifiers are implemented for providing gain to the proposed circuit. The measured phase resolution of the circuit is 11.250 with maximum 30 phase error. The peak gain from the S-parameter measurement is 9 dB while drawing 50 mA from a 1.2 V supply.
Using the Dundee Coronary Risk-Disk (1993)

Hugh Tunstall Pedoe describes a tool for measuring coronary risk factors
Increased Oxidative Stress as a Selective Anticancer Therapy (2015)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely related to tumorgenesis. Under hypoxic environment, increased levels of ROS induce the expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in cancer stem cells (CSCs), resulting in the promotion of the upregulation of CSC markers, and the reduction of intracellular ROS level, thus facilitating CSCs survival and proliferation. Although the ROS level is regulated by powerful antioxidant defense mechanisms in cancer cells, it is observed to remain higher than that in normal cells. Cancer cells may be more sensitive than normal cells to the accumulation of ROS; consequently, it is supposed that increased oxidative stress by exogenous ROS generation therapy has an effect on selectively killing cancer cells without affecting normal cells. This paper reviews the mechanisms of redox regulation in CSCs and the pivotal role of ROS in anticancer treatment.
R-Peak Detection Algorithm for Ecg using Double Difference And RR Interval Processing (2012)

The paper proposes a simple algorithm for automatic detection of the R-peaks from a single lead digital ECG data. The squared double difference signal of the ECG data is used to localise the QRS regions. The proposed method consists of three stages: sorting and thresholding of the squared double difference signal of the ECG data to locate the pproximate QRS regions, relative magnitude comparison in the QRS regions to detect the approximate R-peaks and RR interval processing to ensure accurate detection of peaks. The performance of the algorithm is tested on 12-lead ECG data from the PTB diagnostic ECG database, and a high detection sensitivity of 99.8% with low computational complexity and low sensitivity to low frequ ency noises is detected.
Effects of Dopants on the Complex Impedance and Dielectric Properties of Aluminum Nitride (1992)

Complex impedance patterns of aluminum nitride (AlN) doped with various ions of different ionic sizes and valences have been examined at temperatures between 400° and 950°C. The patterns showed distinct differences between samples doped with ions of different sizes. Grain and grain boundary contributions to the resistance and capacitance were compared. It was found that the grain boundary: grain resistance ratio increases with density. Samples doped with large cations have higher effective dielectric constants at the grain boundary than samples doped with small cations or undoped samples, indicating a thinner grain‐boundary layer.
Recent advances in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. (2003)

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by a haemoflagellate Leishmania. There are more than 21 species causing human infection. The infection is transmitted to humans through the bites of female sandflies belonging to 30 species. The disease manifests mainly in 3 forms: the visceral, the cutaneous and the mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. The diagnosis of visceral form is conventionally made by the demonstration of amastigotes of the parasite in the aspirated fluid from the bone marrow, the spleen, and rarely from the lymph nodes, or the liver. The parasite demonstration and isolation rates are rather poor from cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions due to low parasite load and high rate of culture contamination. Recently several recombinant proteins have been developed to accomplish accurate diagnosis. Recombinant kinesin protein of 39 kDa called rK 39 is the most promising of these molecules. The antigen used in various test formats has been proved highly sensitive and specific for visceral leishmaniasis. It is useful in the diagnosis of HIV-Leishmania co-infection and as a prognostic marker. Molecular techniques targeting various genes of the parasite have also been reported, the PCR being the most common molecular technique successfully used for diagnosis and for differentiation of species.
Identification of microRNAs differentially expressed in human cutaneous malignant melanoma and pigmented nevi by microRNA microarray. (2010)

Objective To select microRNAs (miRNA) associated with human cutaneous malignant melanoma (MM). Methods Total RNA was extracted from 6 tissue samples of MM and 9 human control samples of pigmented nevi, and small RNAs of less than 200 bp were enriched, miRNA microarray was used to select differentially expressed miRNAs between tissue samples of MM and pigmented nevi from 468 candi-dates. The expression of differentially expressed miRNAs was confirmed by fluorescence based real-time quan-titative PCR (qPCR) in all of these samples. Those miRNAs that were identified as differentially expressed with both miRNA microarray and qPCR were considered as significant miRNAs. Results Between the tissue samples of MM and pigmented nevi, 12.18% to 86.33% of miRNAs differentially expressed by more than 2 folds, 1.28% to 19.02% by more than 5 folds, and 0.43% to 5.34% by more than 10 folds. The expression of miRNA-21 was obviously up-regulated, while that of miRNA-320 and miRNA-494 was down-regulated in the MM samples. Conclusion There is an increase in the expression of homo sapiens miRNA-21 but a decrease in that of miRNA-320 and miRNA-494 in MM tissues.

Key words: 
MicroRNAs; Melanoma; Microchip
Network intrusion and fault detection: a statistical anomaly approach (2002)

With the advent and explosive growth of the global Internet and electronic commerce environments, adaptive/automatic network/service intrusion and anomaly detection in wide area data networks and e-commerce infrastructures is fast gaining critical research and practical importance. We present and demonstrate the use of a general-purpose hierarchical multitier multiwindow statistical anomaly detection technology and system that operates automatically, adaptively, and proactively, and can be applied to various networking technologies, including both wired and wireless ad hoc networks. Our method uses statistical models and multivariate classifiers to detect anomalous network conditions. Some numerical results are also presented that demonstrate that our proposed methodology can reliably detect attacks with traffic anomaly intensity as low as 3-5 percent of the typical background traffic intensity, thus promising to generate an effective early warning.
Mechanism of dioxin action: receptor-enhancer interactions in intact cells (1993)

We have used a ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction technique to analyze protein-DNA interactions at a dioxin-responsive enhancer upstream of the CYP1A1 gene in intact mouse hepatoma cells. In its inactive state, the enhancer binds few, if any, proteins within the major DNA groove in vivo. Thus, the inactive enhancer is relatively inaccessible to DNA binding proteins. Exposure of cells to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin leads to the binding of the liganded Ah receptor at six sites within the major DNA groove of the enhancer. The receptor - enhancer interactions occur rapidly and do not require ongoing transcription, consistent with their role in regulating CYP1A1 gene expression. The liganded receptor, which is a heteromer composed of at least two basic helix-loop-helix proteins, is probably the only DNA binding transcription factor necessary to activate the enhancer in vivo. The small size and irregular distribution of receptor binding sites suggest that chromatin structure imposes substantial steric constraints upon the function of the receptor - enhancer system in intact cells.
A simulation model for bed allocation to hospital inpatient departments (1985)

A general simulation model can be used to determine the bed complement in hospital inpatient departments to meet a pre determined demand for service. Certain operational constraints were considered in this version of our model: (1) emergency pa tients should be admitted without delay, (2) occupancy should not fall below a prespecified level, and (3) the waiting list length should not exceed a predetermined number. Extensions and modifications of the model are briefly discussed. Three case studies on the general medical, general surgical and orthopaedics departments at St. Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey (England), illustrate how this model may be utilised.
PKCδ mediates up-regulation of NOX1, a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, via transactivation of the EGF receptor: possible involvement of PKCδ in vascular hypertrophy (2005)

NADPH oxidase is the major source of superoxide production in cardiovascular tissues. We reported previously that PG (prostaglandin) F2alpha caused hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells by induction of NOX1, a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase. PGF2alpha-induced NOX1 expression was mediated by transactivation of the EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor and subsequent activation of ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) 1/2, PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and ATF-1 (activating transcription factor-1), a member of the CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)/ATF family. As the receptor for PGF2alpha is known to activate PKC (protein kinase C), involvement of PKC in up-regulation of NOX1 expression was investigated in A7r5 cells. GF109203x, a non-selective inhibitor of PKC, dose-dependently suppressed the induction of NOX1 mRNA by PGF2alpha. Whereas an inhibitor of the conventional PKC, Gö 6976, and a PKCeta translocation-inhibitor peptide had no effect, an inhibitor of PKCdelta, rottlerin, significantly attenuated the PGF2alpha-induced increase in NOX1 mRNA. Gene silencing of PKCdelta by RNA interference significantly suppressed the PGF2alpha-induced increase in NOX1 mRNA, as well as phosphorylation of the EGF receptor, ERK1/2 and ATF-1. Silencing of the PKCdelta gene also attenuated the PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)- induced increase in NOX1 mRNA and transactivation of the EGF receptor. Moreover, the augmented synthesis of the protein induced by PGF2alpha or PDGF was abolished by gene silencing of PKCdelta. These results suggest that PKCdelta-mediated transactivation of the EGF receptor is elicited not only by PGF2alpha, but also by PDGF, and that the subsequent activation of ERK1/2 and ATF-1 leads to up-regulation of NOX1 gene expression and ensuing hypertrophy in the vascular cell lineage.
Bacteriological Swabs (1969)

Streptococcus pyogenes survives poorly on plain cotton-wool swabs, whereas serum-dipped swabs permit its survival but also allow overgrouth by other bacteria and are likely to contain virus inhibitors. The use of swabs dipped in a solution of 20% bovine albumin (fraction V) and sterilized by steam is therefore recommended, since these permit bacterial survival without growth and are unlikely to contain virus inhibitors.
Fabrication and Characterizations of YSZ Electrolyte Films for SOFC (2010)

Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) has been widely used as electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The effect of fabrication process on the properties of YSZ electrolyte thick film is discussed in the paper. With YSZ nano-powders of about 20-60nm as raw material, YSZ green adobe was fabricated by tape calendering process. Three-step sintering process was performed firstly holding at 1000°C for 2h, then raising to 1300~1400°C, then decreasing to 1200~1300°C within 30 minutes, and finally calcining at 1200~1300°C for 5~20 hrs. Dense YSZs with relative density of 96-99% are obtained; the grain size of YSZ was reduced to 0.5-3µm. During the process of grain growth, there are both grain boundary diffusion and grain boundary migration. The feasibility of densification without grain growth relies on the suppression of grain boundary migration while keeping grain boundary diffusion active at a temperature as low as 1200~1300°C. Whereas the electric conductivities of the YSZs are even higher than that obtained in conventional single step sintering process. The process is applied to the anode-supported SOFCs co-fired at 1250~1300°C, and the cathode-supported SOFCs co-fired at 1200~1250°C.
Adaptive Backoff Algorithm for IEEE 802.11 MAC Protocol (2009)

A Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes that can communicate directly over wireless media, without the need for a preconfigured infrastructure. Several approaches have been suggested to improve Quality of Service (QoS) in IEEE 802.11-based MANETs through modifying some of the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) algorithms, such as the backoff algorithm that is used to control the packets collision aftermath. In this work, an adaptive IEEE 802.11 backoff algorithm to improve QoS is de-veloped and tested in simulations as well as in testbed implementation. While the Binary Exponential Backoff (BEB) algorithm deployed by IEEE 802.11 reacts based on individual packet transmit trials, the new algo-rithm takes the history of successive packet transmit trials into account to provide a better QoS performance. The new algorithm has been tested against the legacy IEEE 802.11 through simulations using QualNet and a Linux-based testbed comprising a number of stations. The performed tests have shown significant im-provements in performance, with up to 33.51% improvement in delay and 7.36% improvement in packet delivery fraction compared to the original IEEE 802.11.