gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling of the Wireless Propagation Characteristics inside Aircraft (2010)

This chapter has given the theoretical background necessary to develop a radio propagation map for an IEEE 802.11a system. The method is based on ray tracing techniques which rely on the theory of geometric optics. This solution can be applied to both commercial aircraft, like the A340-600 used in this case, and business jets. The flexibility of the simulator allows easy modifications to simulate different frequency bands and different furniture location and material. This makes the simulator very attractive especially in the business jet environment, where the interior furniture of each aircraft is specifically designed for each customer. The simulator allows the user to insert the number of access points required and their location. Using an intelligent optimisation technique, such as neural networks, genetic algorithms and support vector machines, one can find the optimum number of access points and their optimum location within the aircraft. This can be done given some constrains imposed by the wiring system of the aircraft. Moreover, the propagation map gives an idea of the electromagnetic radiation field strength hitting the fuselage of the aircraft. A similar method can be used for each portable device held by each passenger in the aircraft to simulate the uplink. Therefore, the designer can estimate the electromagnetic interference that is generated by the system. Through optimum design of the system the electromagnetic interference can be kept within acceptable limits and thus ensure that no interference occurs with the aircraftâ€™s navigation and control system.
Metal Complexes of Organophosphate Esters and Open-Framework Metal Phosphates: Synthesis, Structure, Transformations, and Applications (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMetal Complexes of Organophosphate Esters and Open-Framework Metal Phosphates: Synthesis, Structure, Transformations, and ApplicationsR. Murugavel*†, Amitava Choudhury‡, M. G. Walawalkar†, R. Pothiraja†, and C. N. R. Rao*‡View Author Information Department of Chemistry, IIT-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India, and Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Center of Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur P.O., Bangalore-560 064, India* Corresponding authors. R.M.: fax +91-22-25723480, e-mail [email protected]. C.N.R.R.: fax +91-80-23622760, e-mail [email protected]†IIT-Bombay.‡Jawaharlal Nehru Center of Advanced Scientific Research.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 9, 3549–3655Publication Date (Web):June 28, 2008Publication History Received5 July 2005Published online28 June 2008Published inissue 10 September 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr000119qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr000119qreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10930Altmetric-Citations311LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chemical structure,Ions,Ligands,Metals,Phosphates Get e-Alerts
The Generation of Embryoid Bodies from Feeder-Based or Feeder-Free Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Cultures (2011)

Embryoid body (EB) formation is a traditional method of inducing differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). It is a routine in vitro test of pluripotency as well as the first stage in many differentiation protocols targeted toward the production of a specific lineage or cellular population, as in neural differentiation (see Chapters 29 and 30). The induction of differentiation via EB formation is fairly straightforward. However, depending on the specific PSC culture conditions - substrate, feeders, medium, and eventual cell type of interest - various methods are applied in order to most routinely obtain healthy EB cultures.
Study on intelligent control of road condition perception and forward collision warning system (2010)

This paper describes a road condition perception and forward collision warning system (PWS). It enhances the capability of road condition perception, and improves the drive-safety. Firstly the research background, development of intelligent vehicle and road condition perception technology are introduced. Then the structure of PWS is proposed. It consists of three levels: road condition perception level, decision-making level and execution level. The three sub-systems of PWS, central control module, forward collision warning (FCW) system and adaptive front-lighting System (AFS), are researched respectively. According to the proposed structure, PWS experimental platform is built. Some road test has been performed on this platform, and the result indicates that PWS is effective to give collision warning and enhance vehicle illumination.
Sesquiterpene Coumarins from the Roots of Ferula sinkiangensis and Ferula teterrima (2006)

Three new natural sesquiterpene coumarins, isofeterin (1), lehmannolol (3), sinkianone (4), and one known compound, lehmannolone (2), were isolated from the roots of Ferula teterrima and Ferula sinkiangensis. Their chemical structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, including X-ray crystallography and CD spectrum measurements for determining the absolute configuration of compound 2.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass: &lsquo;A Low T<sub>4</sub> and T<sub>3</sub> Syndrome&rsquo; with Blunted Thyrotropin (TSH) Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) (1986)

Thyroid hormone serum concentrations, the thyrotropin (TSH) and prolactin (PRL) response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) were evaluated in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) conducted in hypothermia. During CPB a marked decrease of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentration with a concomitant increase of reverse T3 (rT3) were observed similarly to other clinical states associated with the 'low T3 syndrome'. Furthermore, in the present study elevated FT4 and FT3 concentrations were observed. In a group of patients, TRH administered during CPB at 26 degrees C elicited a markedly blunted TSH response. In these patients, PRL concentration was elevated but did not significantly increase after TRH. The increased concentrations of FT4 and FT3 were probably due to the large doses of heparin administered to these patients. Thus, the blunted response of TSH to TRH might be the consequence of the elevation of FT4 and FT3 in serum, however, other factors might play a role since also the PRL response to TRH was blocked.
Distributions of Angles in Random Packing on Spheres (2013)

This paper studies the asymptotic behaviors of the pairwise angles among n randomly and uniformly distributed unit vectors in R^p as the number of points n -> infinity, while the dimension p is either fixed or growing with n. For both settings, we derive the limiting empirical distribution of the random angles and the limiting distributions of the extreme angles. The results reveal interesting differences in the two settings and provide a precise characterization of the folklore that "all high-dimensional random vectors are almost always nearly orthogonal to each other". Applications to statistics and machine learning and connections with some open problems in physics and mathematics are also discussed.
The Public Health Surveillance of Asthma (2001)

Asthma is a highly prevalent disease that affects the quality of life of many people in the United States. Yet there is limited descriptive epidemiological understanding of the disease, particularly at the state and local levels. Minimal surveillance of asthma is occurring across the country. Surveillance of a disease requires that public health workers have the ability to accurately identify cases, have access to needed data, and have adequate resources so that they can collect, assess, report, and use the data-all considerable challenges in the case of asthma. We consider four groups of questions that asthma surveillance should address: (1) How much asthma is there and what are the trends in asthma occurrence over time? (2) How severe is the asthma and what are the trends in asthma severity over time? (3) How well is asthma controlled and what are the trends in asthma management over time? (4) What is the cost of asthma? Because wise decision making in public health depends on the availability of appropriate data for program planning, implementation, and evaluation, we encourage increased surveillance of asthma in jurisdictions across the country.
Effective Perl programming (1999)

One of the most obviously useful features of and the community is CPAN, the Comprehensive Archive Network. CPAN is an achive of things Perl that is replicated on FTP and HTTP servers all around the world. CPAN is a common repository for the code base, documentation, and contributed software- and. notably, modules that can be used to extend the capabilities of your intallation. The aptly named CPAN module greatly facilitates the process of building, testing, and installing modules from CPAN. 
In this column I'll discuss the processs of installing modules from CPAN and how to use the CPAN module to automate the process.
Hereditary Degenerative Retinopathies: Optimism for Somatic Gene Therapy (2000)

Retinitis pigmentosa comprises a large and exceptionally heterogeneous group of hereditary disorders of the retina. As a result of an extensive investigation around the world, primary genetic lesions have been described in many genes. Some of these genes encode enzymes that are involved in the signal transduction pathway. On the basis of in vitro functional assays and standard transgenic and knock-out experiments, it has been proposed that normal cell functions are disrupted because of an abnormal protein-folding and metabolic errors or structural defects in the membrane. This ultimately leads to a gene-mediated cell death known as apoptosis. Various gene transfer approaches using mouse models further suggest that the degeneration can be rescued to some extent. Although many questions remain to be answered, investigations during the last 10 years have enormously increased our understanding of this exceptionally heterogeneous disorder and give hope for an effective gene therapy and a possible cure.
Sémelin Jacques, Sans armes face à Hitler. La résistance civile en Europe (1990)

Résumé
Total synthesis of the marine cyanobacterial cyclodepsipeptide apratoxin A (2004)

A total synthesis of apratoxin A was developed. Apratoxin A, isolated from Lyngbya spp. cyanobacteria, is representative of a growing class of marine cyanobacterial cyclodepsipeptides wherein discrete polypeptide and polyketide domains are merged by ester and amide or amide-derived linkages. In the apratoxins, the N terminus of the peptide domain [(Pro)-(N-Me-Ile)-(N-Me-ala)-(O-Me-Tyr)-(moCys)] is a modified vinylogous cysteine that is joined to a novel ketide [3,7-dihydroxy-2,5,8,8-tetramethylnonanoic acid (Dtna)] by an acid-sensitive thiazoline. The C-terminal proline is esterified to a hindered hydroxyl vicinal to the ketide's tert-butyl terminus. Major synthetic challenges included assembly and maintenance the thiazoline-containing moiety and macrolide formation involving acylation of the C39 hydroxyl. The Dtna domain was assembled in the biogenetic direction beginning with a Brown allylation of trimethylacetaldehyde to establish the C39 alcohol configuration. Diastereofacial selective addition of a higher-order dimethylcuprate upon a ring-closing metathesis-derived alpha,beta-unsaturated valerolactone installed the C37 methyl-bearing center. A Paterson anti-aldol process was used to incorporate the remaining two ketide stereogenic centers at C34 and C35. Although attempts to incorporate the thiazoline moiety by condensations of thiol esters bearing alpha-amino carbamate derivatives failed, an intramolecular Staudinger reduction-aza-Wittig process using alpha-azido thiol esters was uniquely successful. Late-stage macrocycle closure proceeded well by lactam formation between Pro and N-Me-Ile residues, but attempted lactonizations of the Pro carboxylate with the C39 hydroxyl failed. Optimization of C35 hydroxyl group protection-deprotection completed the effort, which culminated in the first total synthesis of apratoxin A and will enable analog generation toward improving differential cytotoxicity.
Rapid Fabrication of Gold Nanoflowers Tuned by pH: Insights Into the Growth Mechanism (2014)

We reported a one-pot, no added seeding and green method to synthesize gold nanoflowers, in which HAuC4 and H2O2 were added one by one into the alkaline protocatechuic aldehyde solution at room temperature. Au(III) was partially reduced by protocatechuic aldehyde to produce primary Au nanocrystals, and then Au nanocrystals agglomerated into loose flower-like nanoparticles as seeds, which catalyzed H2O2 reduction of the residual Au(III), thus accelerating the formation of compact 3D gold nanoflowers. The key synthesis strategy was to use protocatechuic aldehyde as a structure-induced agent to influence the growth of gold nanoflowers. The pH value of growth solution could tune the size and/or morphology of gold nanoflowers through its influence on the adhesion force of protocatechuic aldehyde on gold surfaces and the species type of Au(III) complexes. When the pH value of growth solution was above 7.26 (the pKa of protocatechuic aldehyde), the flower-like of gold nanostructural architectures with different sizes could be fabricated. The obtained gold nanoflowers had a large dimension of 198 and 157 nm at the pH of 7.6 and 8, respectively. Size control of gold nanoflowers can be accomplished in the growth solutions of pH 9.4-12.0 with a similar diameter around 60 nm. The as-synthesized gold nanoflowers exhibited good stability and have the prospects for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement.
The Development of Chlamydia trachomatis Inclusions within the Host Eukaryotic Cell during Interphase and Mitosis (1989)

The dynamic nature of Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions was studied by video and 35 mm time-lapse photomicrography of live cells, and by immunolocalization of inclusions in fixed cells. A serotype E isolate was used to infect the MCCoy cell line and endometrial epithelia. Then resulting inclusions were observed over 4 d. They appeared as slowly expanding fluid-filled membrane vesicles whose growth varied considerably, and which were subject to great physical distortion by the host cell during interphase and mitosis. When this distortion became extreme the inclusion was observed to divide. However, as inclusions were mobile within the cytoplasm and thus able to come into contact with each other, there was a net tendency for the opposite process of inclusion fusion to occur when cells contained more than one inclusion. The proportion of infected cells decreased with time as a result of host cell proliferation, despite transmission of inclusions to progeny at the time of mitosis. Inclusion growth physically disrupted karyokinesis and cytokinesis so that host cell division became distorted or blocked on the second or third day of infection. Cell death eventually occurred by a very rapid lysis event.
Implementation of real time low voltage system for enhancement of safety in an electric vehicle (2016)

Energy conservation, environmental conservation and sustainable development are the need of the hour and in this regard the development of an electric vehicle has become topmost priority. There is a growing concern about the safety of EVs, which have transformed the future of the automobile industry. With this rapid growth there is a increasing requirement for monitoring and development of safety circuits for battery pack, drivetrain and during emergencies. In this paper we have focused on developing a safety system for a formula electric car keeping design simplicity in mind. All the systems and circuits proposed in this paper are in accordance with the FSAE rules. As part of this project an analysis methodology for analysis of safety systems has been developed and the potential impacts of these circuits have been studied.
Zinc Finger Endonuclease Targeting <i>PSIP1</i> Inhibits HIV-1 Integration (2014)

Genome editing using zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) has been successfully applied to disrupt CCR5 or CXCR4 host factors and inhibit viral entry and infection. Gene therapy using ZFNs to modify the PSIP1 gene, which encodes the lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) protein, might restrain an early step of the viral replication cycle at the integration level. ZFNs targeting the PSIP1 gene (ZFNLEDGF) were designed to specifically recognize the sequence after the integrase binding domain (IBD) of the LEDGF/p75 protein. ZFNLEDGF successfully recognized the target region of the PSIP1 gene in TZM-bl cells by heteroduplex formation and DNA sequence analysis. Gene editing induced a frameshift of the coding region and resulted in the abolishment of LEDGF expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Functional assays revealed that infection with the HIV-1 R5 BaL or X4 NL4-3 viral strains was impaired in LEDGF/p75 knockout cells regardless of entry tropism due to a blockade in HIV-1 proviral integration into the host genome. However, residual infection was detected in the LEDGF knockout cells. Indeed, LEDGF knockout restriction was overcome at a high multiplicity of infection, suggesting alternative mechanisms for HIV-1 genome integration rather than through LEDGF/p75. However, the observed residual integration was sensitive to the integrase inhibitor raltegravir. These results demonstrate that the described ZFNLEDGF effectively targets the PSIP1 gene, which is involved in the early steps of the viral replication cycle; thus, ZFNLEDGF may become a potential antiviral agent for restricting HIV-1 integration. Moreover, LEDGF knockout cells represent a potent tool for elucidating the role of HIV integration cofactors in virus replication.
Evaluation of the Biuret and Dye‐Binding Methods for Protein Determination in Meats (1964)

SUMMARY The biuret method of protein estimation was compared with the Kjeldahl method. Highly significant positive correlations with Kjeldahl protein of 0.99, 0.99, 0.98, and 0.99 were obtained for ground beef, pork, chicken breast, and cod, respectively. The high correlations between the two methods and the small standard deviations for the biuret values point out the reliability and the accuracy of the biuret method. The same substances were analyzed by the Orange G dye‐binding method with highly significant positive correlations with Kjeldahl protein of 0.90, 0.80, 0.94, and 0.95 for ground beef, pork, chicken breast, and cod, respectively. However, the amount of dye bound per g protein varies with the protein content of the sample, and the precision is poor. Orange G dye binding has possibilities for use in analyzing meat proteins only if the preparations and procedures are carefully standardized and the protein content does not vary more than a few percent. With Amido Black 10B, the amount of dye bound was too strongly dependent upon sample size to justify further investigation of this dye for estimation of the protein content of comminuted meats.
Fabrication and electric-field-dependent transport measurements of mesoscopic graphite devices (2005)

We have developed a unique micromechanical method to extract extremely thin graphite samples. Graphite crystallites with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 100nm and lateral size ∼2μm are extracted from bulk. Mesoscopic graphite devices are fabricated from these samples for electric field-dependent conductance measurements. Strong conductance modulation as a function of gate voltage is observed in the thinner crystallite devices. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements show more boundary scattering contribution in the thinner graphite samples.
Inhibition of tumor growth by biodegradable microspheres containing all‐<i>trans</i>‐retinoic acid in a human head‐and‐neck cancer xenograft (2003)

Retinoids play essential roles in the regulation of cell differentiation and in the proliferation of various epithelial tissues, and atRA is one such active metabolite of retinoids. However, despite the known functions of atRA, its clinical applications are limited due to the induced metabolism by the specific cytochrome P-450s in the liver. To overcome the limitation, parenteral administration of atRA-loaded biodegradable microspheres, the PDLLA/PLE microspheres containing atRA, was suggested previously. We evaluated chemotherapeutic efficacy of atRA-loaded microspheres in a human head-and-neck xenograft/nude mouse model. When atRA-loaded microspheres were administered s.c. at 200 mg/kg body weight to athymic nude mice, plasma concentration of atRA could be maintained in a range of 1.2 to 3.7 x 10(-8) M for 4 weeks. As a result, the tumor volume of human head-and-neck cancer was reduced compared to the control group by 51.3% (p < 0.01) at 14 days and by 49.2% (p < 0.05) at 28 days.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of <i>β</i>-Expansin Gene Related to Root Hair Formation in Barley (2006)

Root hairs are specialized epidermal cells that play a role in the uptake of water and nutrients from the rhizosphere and serve as a site of interaction with soil microorganisms. The process of root hair formation is well characterized in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana); however, there is a very little information about the genetic and molecular basis of root hair development in monocots. Here, we report on isolation and cloning of the beta-expansin (EXPB) gene HvEXPB1, tightly related to root hair initiation in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Using root transcriptome differentiation in the wild-type/root-hairless mutant system, a cDNA fragment present in roots of wild-type plants only was identified. After cloning of full-length cDNA and genomic sequences flanking the identified fragment, the subsequent bioinformatics analyses revealed homology of the protein coded by the identified gene to the EXPB family. Reverse transcription-PCR showed that expression of HvEXPB1 cosegregated with the root hair phenotype in F2 progeny of the cross between the hairless mutant rhl1.a and the wild-type Karat parent variety. Expression of the HvEXPB1 gene was root specific; it was expressed in roots of wild-type forms, but not in coleoptiles, leaves, tillers, and spikes. The identified gene was active in roots of two other analyzed root hair mutants: rhp1.a developing root hair primordia only and rhs1.a with very short root hairs. Contrary to this, a complete lack of HvEXPB1 expression was observed in roots of the spontaneous root-hairless mutant bald root barley. All these observations suggest a role of the HvEXPB1 gene in the process of root hair formation in barley.
[Borderline forms of multiple sclerosis]. (2001)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has been described for more than a century, but its cause remains unknown and no simple diagnostic marker is available. Therefore, it is not surprising that numerous articles were written on closely related diseases, borderline forms of multiple sclerosis. Different forms have been distinguished: a clinical form of MS (Devic's neuromyelitis optica), pathological forms (Balo, Schilder, Maburg), forms associated with MS (peripheral neuropathy, autoantibodies) and closely related disorders (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis).