gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction to Numerical Micromagnetism. Application to Mesoscopic Magnetic Systems (2003)

The recent advances in micro fabrication techniques have stimulated interest in the study of properties of submicron sized magnetic elements. Promising applications including magnetic random access memory, high–density recording media and magnetic sensors require a better understanding of their magnetic behavior on a mesoscopic scale. Coupled to experimental studies, micromagnetic simulations become a powerful tool to predict and to analyze the magnetic behavior of such small elements. In this lecture we first present in section I the basic concepts used in micromagnetism and in their numerical implementation. After this general description we propose in section II to apply them to the study of two model systems: i) selfassembled epitaxial submicron Fe dots and ii) circular Co dots.
Cellular Transformation and Malignancy Induced by ras Require c-jun (1996)

ras is an important oncogene in experimental animals and humans. In addition, activated ras proteins are potent inducers of the transcription factor AP-1, which is composed of heterodimeric complexes of Fos and Jun proteins. Together with the fact that deregulated expression of some AP-1 proteins can cause neoplastic transformation, this finding suggests that AP-1 may function as a critical ras effector. We have tested this hypothesis directly by analyzing the response to activated ras in cells that harbor a null mutation in the c-jun gene. The transcriptional response of AP-1-responsive genes to activated ras is severely impaired in c-jun null fibroblasts. Compared with wild-type cells, the c-jun null cells lack many characteristics of ras transformation, including loss of contact inhibition, anchorage independence, and tumorigenicity in nude mice; these properties are restored by forced expression of c-jun. Rare tumorigenic variants of ras-expressing c-jun null fibroblasts do arise. Analysis of these variants reveals a consistent restoration of AP-1 activity. The results provide genetic evidence that c-jun is a crucial effector for transformation by activated ras proteins.
Cerebral endothelial cells release TNF-alpha after stimulation with cell walls of Streptococcus pneumoniae and regulate inducible nitric oxide synthase and ICAM-1 expression via autocrine loops. (1999)

TNF-alpha, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and ICAM-1 are considered to be key proteins in the inflammatory response of most tissues. We tested the hypothesis that cell walls of Streptococcus pneumoniae (PCW), the most common cause of adult bacterial meningitis, induce TNF-alpha, iNOS, and ICAM-1 expression in rat primary brain microvascular endothelial cell cultures. We detected TNF-alpha mRNA by RT-PCR already 1 h after stimulation with PCW, while TNF-alpha protein peaked at 4 h (9.4 +/- 3.6 vs 0.1 +/- 0.1 pg/microgram protein). PCW induced iNOS mRNA 2 h after stimulation, followed by an increase of the NO degradation product nitrite (18.1 +/- 4 vs 5.8 +/- 1.8 at 12 h; 18.1 +/- 4 vs 5.8 +/- 1.8 pmol/microgram protein at 72 h). The addition of TNF-alpha Ab significantly reduced nitrite production to 62.2 +/- 14.4% compared with PCW-stimulated brain microvascular endothelial cells (100%). PCW induced the expression of ICAM-1 (measured by FACS), which was completely blocked by TNF-alpha Ab (142 +/- 18.6 vs 97.5 +/- 12.4%; 100% unstimulated brain microvascular endothelial cells). Cerebral endothelial cells express TNF-alpha mRNA as well as iNOS mRNA and release the bioactive proteins in response to PCW. PCW-induced NO production is mediated in part by an autocrine pathway involving TNF-alpha, whereas ICAM-1 expression is completely mediated by this autocrine loop. By these mechanisms, cerebral endothelial cells may regulate critical steps in inflammatory blood-brain-barrier disruption of bacterial meningitis.
Growth of thin Ti films on W(110) and O/W(110) (1994)

The interaction of ultrathin Ti films grown on clean and oxidized W(110) has been studied by Auger electron spectroscopy and thermal desorption. Auger electron spectroscopy indicates layer-by-layer growth of Ti on both of these substrates. For annealing temperatures up to 1100 K, two-monolayer Ti films are stable on the clean and oxidized W surfaces. Above these coverages, the films are unstable after annealing to 1100 K, although this temperature is lower than Ti desorption. Diffusion of oxygen to the Ti surface is also observed for the oxidized surface. Thermal desorption data show distinct Ti monolayer and multilayer features for Ti from the clean surface at coverages greater than one monolayer. A more complex desorption behavior is observed for Ti on the oxidized surface.
Temperature dependence of the hydrogen ion equilibria in poly(riboadenylic acid) (1968)

Abstract Hydrogen ion titration curves have been obtained for poly (riboadenylic acid) (poly A) at temperatures of 0–40°C, and ionic strengths of 0.001, 0.01, and 0.15. Where comparable, the data are in general agreement with those previously reported by other investigators. Correlations between the titration data and thermal denaturation curves have been obtained. Formation of a two‐stranded helix is catalyzed by the uptake of protons by the adenine base. Partial protonation of the base is required for formation of the two‐stranded helix, but under appropriate conditions it is stable at degrees of ionization less than 0.2. The degree of ionization required for formation of the two‐stranded helix increases with temperature and decreases with ionic strength.
Design of an Advanced System-on-Chip Architecture for Internet-Enabled Smart Mobile Devices (2018)

Internet-enabled smart mobile devices are driving the consumer electronics industry. These devices require access to advanced and complex system-on-chip (SoC) technology. According to industry analysts, SoC, a multibillion-dollar industry is witnessing a very high growth rate and expected to achieve a valuation of US$ 89.03 billion by 2025. In this paper, we present the system architecture and design of an advanced SoC driven by an ARM v7 compatible proprietary processor core. It utilizes standard AXI as the primary on-chip interface, which provides the capability to use any AXI compatible third party processors. It uses an advanced on-chip interface that provides priority support for high throughput, low latency and isochronous data transfers between multiple processing engines and associated peripheral controllers. Standard set of peripherals, 2D/3D graphics engine and audio/video encoder-decoder IPs are all integrated into this SoC to make it suitable for smart devices such as ultra-mobile computers and tablets. The SoC prototype is fabricated in TSMC 28nm HPM process.
An Efficient Method for Computing a Bayesian Mixture of Feature-Based Models (2015)

We describe a computationally efficient method to produce a specific Bayesian mixture of all the models in a finite set of feature-based models that assign a probability to the observed data set. Special attention is given to the bound on the regret of using the mixture instead of the best model in the set. It is proven theoretically and verified through synthetic data that this bound is relatively tight. Comparing the workload of the proposed method with the direct implementation of the Bayesian mixture shows an almost exponential improvement of computing time.
Seed coating with inocula of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for nutritional enhancement of maize under different fertilisation regimes (2018)

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, responsible for enhancing plant nutrition, vigour and growth, may be used to reduce dosages of chemical fertilisers. Technologies that allow an economically viable and efficient application of these beneficial microbes in large scale agriculture must be studied. Seed coating is a potential delivery system for efficiently introducing minor amounts of bioinoculants. Despite the dramatic reduction on inoculum dose per plant, inoculation of AM fungi via seed coating was as effective as conventional soil inoculation. Fertilisation and inoculation had a significant impact on maize shoots nutrient concentrations. Different fertilisation regimes did not influence mycorrhizal colonisation. Plants without fertilisation and singly inoculated with R. irregularis showed shoot nutrient concentration increments of 110, 93, 88 and 175% for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Plants singly inoculated with P. fluorescens via seed coating under full fertilisation, presented enhancements of 100, 75 and 141% for magnesium, zinc and manganese, respectively, comparing with non-inoculated controls. Seed coating is a promising tool for delivering microbial inoculants into the soil, while promoting sustainable production of maize. This technology is particularly pertinent in low input agriculture, with potential environmental profits and food quality improvements.
Cytoskeleton in tobacco plant cells after propane jet freezing and freeze substitution (1990)

Microfilaments in plant cells are very labile and in some cells difficult to preserve by chemical fixation. Single microfilaments are even more labile and are rarely preserved. Cryofixation is so far the best means to preserve these labile cellular components for electron microscopy. However, previous studies only dealt with single plant cells because of the shallow depth of good freezing limited by the technique (plunge freezing). Here we report our results of preserving cytoskeleton in plant leaf and root cells using propane jet freezing and freeze substitution. Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Maryland Mammoth) plants were grown under greenhouse conditions. A developing leaf was cut from a two-month old plant and immersed in a 0.2 M sucrose solution containing 20 mM MES, 20 mM CaCl 2 and 20 mM KCl. Samples of 1 mm 2 were cut out of the leaf and incubated for 10 to 30 minutes. The leaf samples were then frozen in a commercial propane jet-freezer (Model MF7200, KMC, Tucson, Arizona).
The institution of a Multi‐disciplinary Italian Breast Unit: Reflections of the first psychosocial research study results on distress and quality of life (2019)

Breast cancer affects patients both emotionally and physically. It is time to consider distress as the sixth vital sign in breast cancer patients in Europe. Between 2012 and 2015, our EUSOMA-certified multi-disciplinary group conducted a study on emotional distress and quality-of-life in breast cancer patients at diagnosis, and observed their trend over the first 8 months of treatment. One hundred and forty-nine patients concluded the program. The psycho-oncologist and the breast nurses gave out SF36, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Distress Thermometer. Our Italian data go along with the reported literature on distress and quality-of-life. Despite modern advances, experiencing breast cancer impacts on overall quality-of-life.
Easy Silica Capillary Coatings and EOF Modulation for Analysis of Chemicals, Drugs and Biological Molecules in CE and CE-MS (2010)

Easy Silica Capillary Coatings and EOF Modulation for Analysis of Chemicals, Drugs and Biological Molecules in CE and CE-MS
Untersuchungen zum chemischen Transport intermetallischer Phasen, I: GeTe, SnTe, PbTe / Investigations on the Chemical Transport of Intermetallic Phases, I: GeTe, SnTe, PbTe (1999)

GeTe, SnTe, and PbTe have been prepared by chemical transport reactions with iodine as transport agent in the temperature range between T 2 (800 - 700°C) and T 1 (700 - 500°C). The effective transport equilibria were determineted. Total pressure measurements in the system Ge- Te-I give the coexistence equlibria for condensed phases, and also for the gasphase equilibra. GeTe 4 exists only as a metastable phase at lower temperatures and decom poses near 260°C in GeTe and Te. Thermodynamic calculations show satisfactory agreement between calculation and experiment
Gradient Index Bandpass Filters (1992)

The performance of filters having sinusoidal refractive index profiles have been published by various authors 1 . In general, these filters have a strong reflection at the design wavelength and offer the promise of no harmonics at any wavelength 2 . Further, these refractive index profiles may be superimposed with each other creating multiple stopbands. Fig. 1 shows the refractive index profile and predicted performance of this type of filter, commonly referred to as a rugate (from the Latin for wrinkled) filter. Presented in this paper is an approach for the design of narrow bandpass filters based on this type of refractive index profile. These filters are suitable for applications which require very narrow passbands.
The Minimum of a Double Integral (1966)

Previous article Next article The Minimum of a Double IntegralA. W. OverhauserA. W. Overhauserhttps://doi.org/10.1137/1008045PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout"The Minimum of a Double Integral." SIAM Review, 8(2), p. 233 Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails Volume 8, Issue 2| 1966SIAM Review History Published online:01 August 2006 InformationCopyright © 1966 Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1008045Article page range:pp. 233-233ISSN (print):0036-1445ISSN (online):1095-7200Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Constructing and Analyzing the Fitness Landscape of an Experimental Evolutionary Process (2008)

Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) is a promising approach to more efficient directed evolution, especially for enhancing the enantioselectivity and/or thermostability of enzymes. This was demonstrated previously for an epoxide hydrolase (EH), after five sets of mutations led to a stepwise increase in enantioselectivity. This study utilizes these results to illuminate the nature of ISM, and identify the reasons for its operational efficacy. By applying a deconvolution strategy to the five sets of mutations and measuring the enantioselectivity factors (E) of the EH variants, DeltaDeltaG( not equal) values become accessible. With these values, the construction of the complete fitness-pathway landscape is possible. The free energy profiles of the 5!=120 evolutionary pathways leading from the wild-type to the best mutant show that 55 trajectories are energetically favored, one of which is the originally observed route. This particular pathway was analyzed in terms of epistatic effects operating between the sets of mutations at all evolutionary stages. The degree of synergism increases as the stepwise evolutionary process proceeds. When encountering a local minimum in a disfavored pathway, that is, in the case of a dead end, choosing another set of mutations at a previous stage puts the evolutionary process back on an energetically favored trajectory. The type of analysis presented here might be useful when evaluating other mutagenesis methods and strategies in directed evolution.
Can Coffee Chemical Compounds and Insecticidal Plants Be Harnessed for Control of Major Coffee Pests? (2015)

Pests and pathogens threaten coffee production worldwide and are difficult to control using conventional methods, such as insecticides. We review the literature on the chemistry of coffee, concentrating on compounds most commonly reported from Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. Differences in chemistry can distinguish coffee species and varieties, and plants grown under different biogeographic conditions exhibit different chemotypes. A number of chemical groups, such as alkaloids and caffeoylquinic acids, are known to be insecticidal, but most studies have investigated their effects on coffee quality and flavor. More research is required to bridge this gap in knowledge, so that coffee can be bred to be more resistant to pests. Furthermore, we report on some pesticidal plants that have been used for control of coffee pests. Locally sourced pesticidal plants have been underutilized and offer a sustainable alternative to conventional insecticides and could be used to augment breeding for resilience of coffee plants.
[Serum enzymes in seriously injured patients]. (1976)

In 45 patients with multiple injuries due to trauma, admitted consecutively to our clinic, the following enzyme activities were studied, beginning at the onset of treatment: SDH, GPT, GLDH, and acid phosphatase. The mean levels of SDH rose in all patients between 2 and 24 h after trauma. The mean values of GPT were above normal between 2 and 48 h after trauma; this rise was more pronounced and statistically significant in those patients who eventually died of trauma than in the less severely injured ones. Twenty-four hours after trauma, the levels of GLDH were 16 times higher in the first group of patients than in the less severely injured group. These results lead us to the conclusion that through serum level measurements of these enzymes particularly of GPT it is possible to evaluate the degree of tissue damage and the general state of this group of patients.
Modified All-Dithizone Method for Determination of Traces of Copper (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModified All-Dithizone Method for Determination of Traces of CopperS.L. Morrison and Harriet L. PaigeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1946, 18, 3, 211–213Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560151a018https://doi.org/10.1021/i560151a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Distance Dependence of the Energy Transfer Rate from a Single Semiconductor Nanostructure to Graphene (2015)

The near-field Coulomb interaction between a nanoemitter and a graphene monolayer results in strong Förster-type resonant energy transfer and subsequent fluorescence quenching. Here, we investigate the distance dependence of the energy transfer rate from individual, (i) zero-dimensional CdSe/CdS nanocrystals and (ii) two-dimensional CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanoplatelets to a graphene monolayer. For increasing distances d, the energy transfer rate from individual nanocrystals to graphene decays as 1/d(4). In contrast, the distance dependence of the energy transfer rate from a two-dimensional nanoplatelet to graphene deviates from a simple power law but is well described by a theoretical model, which considers a thermal distribution of free excitons in a two-dimensional quantum well. Our results show that accurate distance measurements can be performed at the single particle level using graphene-based molecular rulers and that energy transfer allows probing dimensionality effects at the nanoscale.
Self-assembling perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions for drug delivery and imaging (2011)

The purpose of this project is to create a stable, perfluorocarbonbased drug delivery agent that can be imaged by magnetic resonance in vivo. Perfluorocarbon (PFC)-based nanoemulsions have a long research history as blood substitutes, MRI tracers, and ultrasound agents. PFCs can also provide a biologically inert platform for controlled drug delivery and release and act as a highly specific 19F MRI tracer for in vivo monitoring. PFCs alone cannot serve as drug delivery vehicles due to their high lipophobicity and hydrophobicity. To improve their drug carrying potential, PFCs are formulated with surfactants or hydrocarbons into nanoemulsions. In this study, a previously synthesized compound, perfluoropolyether-tyramide (PFPE-tyramide, 4-(2-aminoethyl) phenol conjugated to perfluoropolyether)1 was formulated into nanoemulsions in the presence of various surfactants by selfassembly or high shear techniques such as sonication and microfluidization. Olive oil was introduced into selected formulations as a potential carrier of lipophilic drugs. Preliminary toxicity and stability data are also shown.
Phase retrieval using polychromatic illumination for transmission X-ray microscopy (2011)

An alternative method for quantitative phase retrieval in a transmission X-ray microscope system at sub-50-nm resolution is presented. As an alternative to moving the sample in the beam direction in order to analyze the propagation-introduced phase effect, we have illuminated the TXM using X-rays of different energy without any motor movement in the TXM system. Both theoretical analysis and experimental studies have confirmed the feasibility and the advantage of our method, because energy tuning can be performed with very high energy resolution using a double crystal monochromator at a synchrotron beam line, and there is zero motor error in TXM system in our approach. High-spatial-resolution phase retrieval is accomplished using the proposed method.
Localized amyloidosis of the breast: a case series (2011)

We report on the clinical presentation and histopathology of a series of seven patients with localized amyloidosis of the breast. These patients were diagnosed by biopsy performed to rule out malignancy because of calcifications seen by mammography, and represented 0.5% of patients referred to the Amyloid Treatment and Research Program at Boston University Medical Campus in an 18-year period. The patients ranged in age from 35 to 75, median 63 years. None of these seven patients had evidence of a systemic plasma cell dyscrasia or amyloidosis in other organs, nor did systemic disease develop with a median follow-up of 6 years. Thus, other than excisional biopsy to exclude malignancy, no systemic therapy is indicated for this disorder.
Overmethylation of DNAs by the EcoRI methylase (1978)

EcoRI methylase is able to catalyze methyl incorporation into DNA at sequences other than the canonical EcoRI site. At high enzyme concentrations and over a wide range of pH and ionic strengths, EcoRI methylase modifies polyoma DNA (which contains one EcoRI site) at a number of sites. This modification prevents EcoRI* endonuclease activity, and thus is presumably at or near the EcoRI* sequences (5′) NAATTN.