gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Axial Load Tests on 14-inch Pipe Piles in Clay (1979)

ABSTRACT Four 14-in. diameter pipe piles were driven in strong under-to-normally consolidated clays and tested under axial loads at a land location near Empire. Louisiana. The piles were driven through four 18-in. diameter conductors that had been driven to depths of 115, 205, 270, and 319 ft. The conductors were cleaned out and the piles were driven through the conductors to penetrations of 50 ft for the first two piles and 40 ft for the other two piles. The portions of the piles that penetrated the soil were instrumented to obtain axial loads at four elevations. A few days after driving, the piles were loaded to ultimate axial compression and tension. After approximately one year, the piles were again loaded to ultimate tension and compression. Measured capacities were compared with capacities computed by two API methods. INTRODUCTION A field investigation of the axial capacity of steel pipe piles in clay was conducted at a land site one mile south of Empire, Louisiana. Soils at this site are similar to those encountered at many offshore locations. The purpose of the test was to investigate the magnitude of adhesions on deep piles in strong under-to-normally consolidated clays. Criteria for selecting values of adhesion in strong clays has, for the most part, been based on axial load tests on short piles that develop adhesions less than the shear strength of the day. This has resulted in design adhesions for strong clays commonly being limited to one half the shear strength or less. In order to isolate the tests to selected strata of soil, 18-in. diameter conductors were driven to the top of the test zones and then the soil plugs in the conductors were drilled out. The 14-in. diameter test piles were then driven short penetrations into the test zone below the conductors. The first series of tests, conducted in a period of four to ten days after the piles were driven, consisted of static axial compression and tension loadings. After a period of approximately one year, a second series of axial tests was conducted. The second series included tension and compression static loadings, cyclic compression loadings and rapid compression loadings with rise times of approximately 4 seconds to the failure loads that had been observed in the static compression tests. Results of the cyclic and rapid load tests will be presented at a later date. This paper presents only the results of the static axial load tests in the first and second series. The purpose of the paper is to examine the measured adhesions and compare with adhesions that would be predicted from two API methods. SOIL INVESTIGATION Soil Boring To evaluate the suitability of this site for the pile test program, the stratigraphy at the site was determined from two preliminary borings made during September 1973. These were followed with a detailed sample boring that was terminated at 521-ft penetration in October 1973. The locations of all three borings are shown in Fig. 1.
Experimental investigation of vertical and horizontal reinforcement geotextiles in forest road pavement (2018)

In this research, the results of an experimental survey on the measurement of vertical stresses are presented. Four treatments were used in this study such as combination of geotextile vertical and horizontal structure with dimensions of 5 Ă 5 and 10 Ă 10 cm, horizontal geotextile and the treatment without geotextile. Five sensors were installed in different hole locations and the lead of the truck traffic was transmitted by cables to data logging and recording devices to measure the pressure from vehicle traffic on the simulated pavement layer. Mean comparison of the treatments showed that the geotextile with vertical and horizontal structure and dimensions of 5 Ă 5 cm exerted the lowest pressure on the lower layers compared with the other treatments and there was a significant difference between the value of this treatment and the other treatments and that this treatment could significantly reduce the pressure of truck traffic on the forest road.
Degradation of abnormal proteins in HeLa cells (1976)

Canavanine, an arginine analog, is incorporated into HeLa cell protein when cells are incubated in the absence of arginine, and this incorporation can result in the production of nonfunctional enzymes or abnormal proteins. The cells degrade these abnormal proteins up to three times more rapidly than normal cell proteins. The capacity for selective degradation of abnormal proteins is not limited to HeLa cells since human fibroblasts also showed increased degradative rates following exposure to canavanine. In addition, enhanced degradation is not a peculiar property of canavanine incorporation since other amino acid analogs also promoted protein degradation. Thus, mammalian cells have the capacity to recognize and selectively degrade abnormal proteins.
Off-Road Lane Detection Using Superpixel Clustering and RANSAC Curve Fitting (2018)

Lane detection is the most important issue to be resolved for successful locomotion of Intelligent Ground Vehicles (IGV). Problems in lane detection often occur in an external setting mainly due to glare or shadow defects. A robust and real-time approach to off-road lane marker detection for IGVs is being presented here. A novel model fitting based lane detection algorithm has been developed. Linear combination of image planes is used which removes the background and uncovers the white lanes. Simple Linear Iterative Clustering is applied to the processed frame and essential thresholding is performed for noise reduction. Two operations namely a novel approach for lane model identification and estimation of chosen lane mode using RANSAC are followed in sequence on the obtained image. The proposed image processing pipeline has been successfully validated in outdoor field conditions.
Tandem [5+1] annulation–isocyanide cyclization: efficient synthesis of hydroindolones (2011)

A new strategy for the rapid construction of functionalized reduced indoles starting from activated methylene isocyanides and 1,5-dielectrophilic 5-oxohepta-2,6-dienoates (and their equivalents) through a [5+1] annulation-isocyanide cyclization cascade under basic conditions has been developed. This strategy allows the synthesis of polysubstituted dihydroindolones and tetrahydroindolones in high to excellent yields under extremely mild conditions in a single step.
Variations of a Global Constraint Factor in Cracked Bodies Under Tension and Bending Loads (1995)

Elastic-plastic finite-element analyses were used to calculate stresses and displacements around a crack in finite-thickness plates for an elastic-perfectly plastic material. Middle- and edge-crack specimens were analyzed under tension and bending loads. Specimens were 1.25 to 20 mm thick with various widths and crack lengths. A global constraint factor αg, an averaged-normal-stress-to-flow-stress ratio over the plastic region, was defined to simulate three-dimensional (3D) effects in two-dimensional (2D) models. For crack lengths and uncracked ligament lengths greater than four times the thickness, the global constraint factor was found to be nearly a unique function of a normalized stress-intensity factor (related to plastic-zone-size-to-thickness ratio) from small-to large-scale yielding conditions for various specimen types and thickness. For crack-length-to-thickness ratios less than four, the global constraint factor was specimen type, crack length and thickness dependent. Using a 2D strip-yield model and the global constraint factors, plastic-zone sizes and crack-tip displacements agreed reasonably well with the 3D analyses. For a thin sheet aluminum alloy, the critical crack-tip-opening angle during stable tearing was found to be independent of specimen type and crack length for crack-length-to-thickness ratios greater than 4.
Modified Bovine Heterografts for Arterial Replacement (1969)

From the S. R. Light Laboratory for Surgical Research and the Vanderbilt Medical Center, St. Thomas Hospital, and Baptist Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee
Determination of Natural Frequencies of Pipes Using White Noise for Magnetostrictive Longitudinal Guided-Wave Nondestructive Testing (2019)

Magnetostrictive guided waves are widely used in nondestructive testing and structural health monitoring of pipes to ensure their integrity. These guided waves are mechanical waves, and if the natural frequencies of the pipe are used as excitation frequencies, the mechanical vibration amplitude can be enhanced, which will then improve the amplitude of the guided waves. Comparison of the various methods to determine the natural frequencies of pipes shows that the white noise signals remain relatively smooth in both time and frequency domains. White noise has a wide bandwidth and uniform energy distribution. It does not require high energy within a short time period, so it is easy to generate. In this article, white noise is used to determine the natural frequencies of pipes. Comparison of the white noise spectra produced by analog and digital circuits shows that the energy spectrum of white noise produced by the analog circuit is high and uniform, so the analog circuit is used as the white noise source and this noise is loaded onto a magnetostrictive sensor. The detected signal spectrum is then analyzed and the frequencies with high power density spectra are determined to be the natural frequencies. The natural frequencies of the pipeline detected using white noise are compared with the results of modal analysis. Simulation results and experimental results demonstrate that the use of white noise allows the natural frequencies of pipes to be determined quickly and accurately. These natural frequencies can be used in magnetostrictive guided-wave nondestructive testing.
An investigation of oven methods for determining the moisture content of shelled peanuts (1961)

Abstract Air‐oven methods, using ground, sliced, and whele shelled peanuts, were investigated. The use of ground samples was found to be unsatisfactory. Slightly more accurate results were obtained with whole nuts than with sliced nuts. The method of heating 50‐g. samples of whole shelled peanuts for 3 hrs. at 130°C. in a foreed‐draft oven gave results agreeing closely with those obtained by the Karl Fischer method for samples of low moisture content.
Green-Tobacco Sickness (1974)

Tobacco-associated occupational illness occurs regularly in North Carolina tobacco fields. Green-tobacco sickness is a self-limited illness characterized by pallor, vomiting, and prostration. It occurs principally in young men who handle uncured tobacco leaves in the fields. A survey among 53 harvesters who had had green-tobacco sickness and 49 control harvesters was undertaken to define and quantify the symptom complex. The illness was correlated with cropping (picking) the tobacco while it was wet; the absorption of nicotine from the tobacco leaf is the probable cause. Cigarette smoking affords protection against the illness. (JAMA229:1880-1883, 1974)
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Taiwan clinical manifestations and results of therapy (1983)

A retrospective study was performed on 966 patients with histologically verified nasopharyngeal carcinomas. The follow-up rate was 93.6% over a minimum period of five years. The actuarial and relapse-free survivals were 82% and 49% at one year, 64% and 43% at two years, 43% and 33% at five years, and 36% and 22% at ten years, respectively. None of the patients with distant metastases when initially evaluated survived more than four years following the initiation of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. After the initial radiotherapy was completed, 200 (22.2%) of 900 patients had distant metastases, bone metastases being the most frequent; and 226 (25.1%) patients had locoregional recurrence. There is no statistical correlation found between locoregional recurrence and distant metastases. In patients without recurrence, the rate of subsequent distant metastases is found to be much more heavily influenced by the initial N stage (trend X2 P less than 0.001) than the initial T-stage (trend X2 0.05 greater than P greater than 0.02). Of patients with metastases, the survival time of those with liver metastases was found to be the shortest, 5.4 +/- 0.5 months (mean +/- SEM). Since three quarters of both distant metastases and recurrence developed within two years of the initial radiotherapy, it is highly recommended for patients to be examined monthly during this period. Aggressive retreatment may lead to palliation should recurrence and/or distant metastases be found. Adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended to the patients with T4, N2 or N3 disease following completion of the initial radiotherapy.
Visual Immunoassay for Detection of Salmonella in Foods: Collaborative Study (1988)

A collaborative study was performed in 13 laboratories to validate a visual enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure, TECRA, for rapid detection of Salmonella in foods. The EIA method was compared with the standard culture procedure for detection of Salmonella in 6 food types: ground black pepper, soy flour, dried whole eggs, milk chocolate, nonfat dry milk, and raw deboned turkey. Uninoculated and inoculated samples were included in each food group analyzed. There was no significant difference in the productivity of the EIA and culture procedures at the 5% level for any of the 6 foods. The enzyme immunoassay screening method has been approved interim official first action.
Review of the Chinese Literature about Pancreatic Encephalopathy in Recent 15 Years (2005)

Objective To explore the morbidity, pathogeny, mechanism, prevention and treatment of pancreatic encephalopathy (PE) in acute pancreatitis (AP) Methods We searched Database of Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodocals (19892004) Clinical studies on PE were identified and analyzed Results Forty three studies involving 435 patients were included. The morbidity of PE in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) was much more than that of mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), Most of the patients with PE were adult and old people. The mortality in patients with PE was 43 67%. The pathogeny was often from biliary system diseases. There was no significant difference on the incidence of hypoxia in the patient with or without PE Conclusions The attack of PE is probably a result of multi factors and more studies on the mechanism are warranted Myelin basic protein is considered as a hopeful maker of diagnosis More efforts should be focused on the treatment of primary AP in the process of the prevention of PE Timely and effectively therapeutic ways including pancreatic enzymes inhibitor and early nutrition support will make some effect
The Value of Collaboration in Convex Machine Learning with Differential Privacy (2019)

In this paper, we apply machine learning to distributed private data owned by multiple data owners, entities with access to non-overlapping training datasets. We use noisy, differentially-private gradients to minimize the fitness cost of the machine learning model using stochastic gradient descent. We quantify the quality of the trained model, using the fitness cost, as a function of privacy budget and size of the distributed datasets to capture the trade-off between privacy and utility in machine learning. This way, we can predict the outcome of collaboration among privacy-aware data owners prior to executing potentially computationally-expensive machine learning algorithms. Particularly, we show that the difference between the fitness of the trained machine learning model using differentially-private gradient queries and the fitness of the trained machine model in the absence of any privacy concerns is inversely proportional to the size of the training datasets squared and the privacy budget squared. We successfully validate the performance prediction with the actual performance of the proposed privacy-aware learning algorithms, applied to: financial datasets for determining interest rates of loans using regression; and detecting credit card frauds using support vector machines.
A study on the fir and spruce aphid (Aphrastasia pectinatae Chol.) in Lesser Xingan Mountains. (1981)

The correlation between various factors obtained during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin sensitivity tests (steady state plasma glucose, SSPG method) were analyzed in non-diabetic subjects by Pearson's simple correlation. Similar data were obtained for normal as well as normal and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects. Three factors (AUCI(120)0AUCG(120)0, AUCI(120)0 and AUCI(120)60, area of under curve (AUC), insulin (I), glucose (G)) were found to have significant correlation (r=0.47-0.54) with SSPG, thus indicating insulin resistance. Those with hyperinsulinemia were noted to have insulin resistance with high precision (98%), but insulin resistant subjects without hyperinsulinemia were all judged to have normal sensitivity. These three factors all had high specificity (98%), but low sensitivity (21-25%) with false negative results being obtained in 75-78%, and false positive results in less than 2%. It was difficult to distinguish positive and negative for the insulin resistance by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of I0G0. The sensitivity of which was 12.8% and specificity 93.8%. By ROC curve, the specificities and sensitivities for the proposed factors, including homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) product (I0G0, I0-120, G0-120, insulin and glucose at 0-120' during OGTT) ranged from 60 to 70%, which is far from an acceptable level of 90% or more. Therefore, these factors were useful to correlate insulin sensitivity with OGTT results in hyperinsulinemic subjects or in general non-diabetic subjects, but less useful when it came to identifying individual cases with insulin resistance. These parameters should be used only in non-diabetic subjects and their significance is thought to be restricted to cases with hyperinsulinemia.
An interactive ontology visualization approach for the domain of networked home environments (2007)

This study concentrates on the construction process of a software tool which is able to interactively visualize ontologies, particularly in the domain of networked home environments. Special attention in this study is given to the design and implementation of the interaction mechanisms between the user and the visualization. This study is carried out by using a constructive research method supported by literary review and a test case, in which the constructed approach is validated. In networked home environments domestic devices can interact seamlessly with each other and with-in home and external networks, and users can easily manage home devices, both locally and remotely. Networked home environments are described by ontologies, which are controlled vocabularies that describe objects and the relations between them in a formal way. The Web Ontology Language (OWL) semantic mark-up language was created for publishing and sharing ontologies, and it provides mechanisms for creating all the components of an ontology: concepts, instances, relations and axioms. The OWL language is complex and looking at an OWL ontology for the first time can be overwhelming. Several visualization approaches have been developed to enhance the understanding of ontologies, but these existing visualization approaches are domain independent, graph based and not suitable for visualizing ontologies that describe networked home environments. The prototype software tool constructed in this study addresses these shortcomings by visualizing ontologies in a domain-specific way. It provides extensive interaction possibilities to help users to communicate with the visualized data.
Actual morphing: a physics-based approach to blending (2004)

When two topologically identical shapes are blended, various possible transformation paths exist from the source shape to the target shape. Which one is the most plausible? Here we propose that the transformation process should obey a quasi-physical law. This paper combines morphing with deformation theory from continuum mechanics. By using strain energy, which reflects the magnitude of deformation, as an objective function, we convert the problem of path interpolation into an unconstrained optimization problem. To reduce the number of variables in the optimization we adopt shape functions, as used in the finite element method (FEM). A point-to-point correspondence between the source and target shapes is naturally established using these polynomial functions plus a distance map.
4(And 5)‐cyclopropylamino‐5(and 4)halo‐3(2<i>H</i>)pyridazinones. Formation and characterization of isomers (1977)

Abstract The reactions of 4,5‐dihalo‐3(2 H )pyridazinones with ammonia and amines gave mixtures of 5‐amino‐4‐halo‐ and 4‐amino‐5‐halo‐3(2 H )pyridazinones separated by chromatography. Structures were elucidated by means of retention values (R f ) and confirmed by independent synthesis.
MIXED FAULT DIAGNOSIS IN THREE-PHASE SQUIRREL-CAGE INDUCTION MOTOR USING ANALYSIS OF AIR-GAP MAGNETIC FIELD (2006)

In this paper fault diagnosis of induction motor under mixed fault is carried out using precise analysis of the air-gap magnetic field based on time stepping finite element method. By feeding voltage instead of current density to the finite element computation part, the drawbacks of the application of finite element method in fault diagnosis of induction motor are overcome. Normally static eccentricity and broken rotor bars faults have been individually diagnosed in the published papers. Here diagnosis of the mixed fault,including static eccentricity and broken rotor bars,is introduced which is considered as a novel part of the present work. Precise analysis of magnetic field in the air-gap of a faulty induction motor is carried and performance of the motor is predicted. Taking into account the magnetic core saturation is another advantage of the present work. This is required in the transient analysis of a faulty motor.