gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pin assignment with global routing for general cell designs (1991)

The author presents an algorithm which combines the pin assignment step and the global routing step in the physical design of VLSI circuits. The algorithm is based on two key theorems: the channel pin assignment theorem and the block boundary decomposition theorem. These two theorems deal successfully with the high complexity resulting from combining the pin assignment and global routing steps. According to these two theorems, one only needs to generate a coarse pin assignment and global routing solution. The exact pin locations and global routing topology can be determined optimally later by a linear time algorithm. The author implemented a pin assignment and global routine package named BeauticianGR based on the proposed algorithm. This package produces satisfactory results on test circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alpha‐interferon (α‐IFN) protects B‐chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells from apoptotic cell death <i>in vitro</i> (1994)

B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells (CLL) are prone to apoptotic cell death when cultured in vitro. Apoptosis and loss of the bcl-2 protein is prevented in CLL cells cultured in the presence of interleukin-4. In this study we analysed the effects of alpha-IFN on the DNA fragmentation, bcl-2 protein levels and cell survival in purified B-cells from 16 CLL patients. Alpha-IFN (10(3) U/ml) reduced the degree of spontaneous DNA fragmentation of CLL cells after a 30 h culture period (from a mean of 22.2% in control cultures to 10.5%, P < 0.01). This inhibition was accompanied by preservation of bcl-2 protein and an increased survival of CLL cells compared to control cultures. In parallel, alpha-IFN inhibited hydrocortisone induced DNA fragmentation in CLL cells. The effects of alpha-IFN on DNA synthesis of CLL cells were variable (in two patients a decrease and in seven an increase in 3H-thymidine uptake) and did not correlate with the effect on DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, our data suggest that alpha-IFN, like IL-4 and gamma-IFN, inhibits apoptosis of CLL cells. These in vitro data indicate that the clinical responses of some CLL patients to alpha-IFN cannot be explained by a direct cytotoxic effect of alpha-IFN on circulating CLL cells. Alternatively, alpha-IFN may inhibit the proliferation of the small fraction of clonogenic CLL progenitors, or interfere with cellular interactions necessary for the survival and growth of CLL cells.
Modeling of spiral inductors on lossy substrates for RFIC applications (2002)

A modeling technique for planar microstrip spiral inductors in the presence of lossy media, such as in CMOS and bipolar technologies, is presented. The new model for spiral inductors incorporates the frequency dependent substrate effects via analysis of the the 'skin-effect' mode of the microstrip structure.
Ciclopirox nail lacquer for the treatment of onychomycosis: An open non‐comparative study (2010)

Onychomycosis is a relatively common disease accounting for up to 50% of all nail disorders. Topical treatment, although less effective than systemic, is usually preferred by patients. Topical antifungal nail lacquers have been formulated to provide better delivery of the antifungal agent to the nail unit. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ciclopirox nail lacquer in the treatment of onychomycosis. Patients suffering from distal and lateral subungual toenail onychomycosis (DLSO) and lateral subungual onychomycosis (LSO) were treated by ciclopirox nail lacquer once daily for 9 months. Every week the nail lacquer was removed using acetone. Clinical nail status, KOH examination and mycological culture were recorded by the same investigator at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months. Thirty-six patients completed the 9-month regimen. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common pathogen. At the end of the study, good improvement to complete cure was observed in 13 patients (36%), 12 patients showed only mild to moderate improvement and 11 patients (31%) had no clinical improvement. No adverse effects were noted throughout the treatment period. Ciclopirox nail lacquer seems to be slightly more effective than other topical modalities and could be used in patients who cannot or do not want systemic treatment.
Theoretical Study of the Amazing Firefly Bioluminescence:  The Formation and Structures of the Light Emitters (2003)

Reaction mechanisms for the formation of the keto-form of oxyluciferin (OxyLH(2)) from the luciferin of fireflies via a dioxetanone intermediate are predicted using the B3LYP/6-31G theoretical method. The ring opening of a model dioxetanone and the decarboxylation proceed in one step via a singlet diradical transition structure with an activation barrier of 18.1 and an exothermicity of 90.8 kcal/mol. The S(0) --> S(1) vertical excitation energies predicted with time dependent density functional theory, TDDFT B3LYP/6-31+G, for the anionic and neutral forms of OxyLH(2) are in the range of 60 to 80 kcal/mol. These energetic results support the generally accepted theory of chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL). The chemical origin of the multicolor bioluminescence from OxyLH(2) is examined theoretically using the TDDFT B3LYP/6-31+G, ZINDO//B3LYP/6-31+G, and CIS/6-31G methods. A change in color of the light emission upon rotation of the two rings in the S(1) excited state of OxyLH(2) is unlikely because both possible emitters, the planar keto- and enol-forms, are minima on the S(1) potential energy surface. The participation of the enol-forms of OxyLH(2) in bioluminescence is plausible but not required to explain the multicolor emission. According to predictions at the TDDFT B3LYP level, the color of the bioluminescence depends on the polarization of the OxyLH(2) in the microenvironment of the enzyme-OxyLH(2) complex.
Increased proNGF Levels in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease (2004)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is critical for the regulation, differentiation, and survival of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons that degenerate in the late stage of Alzheimer disease (AD). The precursor of NGF (proNGF) is the predominant form of NGF in brain and is increased in end stage AD. To determine whether this increase in proNGF is an early or late change during the progression of cognitive decline, we used Western blotting to measure the relative amounts of proNGF protein in the parietal cortex from subjects clinically classified with no cognitive impairment (NCI; n = 20), mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 20), or mild to moderate AD (n = 19). We found that proNGF increased during the prodromal stage of AD. The amount of proNGF protein was 1.4-fold greater in the MCI group as compared to NCI, and was 1.6-fold greater in mild-moderate AD as compared to NCI, similar to our previous findings of a 2-fold increase in end stage AD. There was a negative correlation between proNGF levels and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, demonstrating that the accumulation of proNGF is correlated with loss of cognitive function. These findings demonstrate that proNGF levels increase during the preclinical stage of AD and may reflect an early biological marker for the onset of AD.
Analysis of 11q21–24 loss of heterozygosity candidate target genes in breast cancer: Indications of <i>TSLC1</i> promoter hypermethylation (2002)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at the distal half of chromosome arm 11q is frequent in a variety of human tumors, including breast cancer, and is often associated with poor prognosis. In an ongoing attempt to locate and characterize the main target genes within this chromosome region, we first looked for aberrations in known genes either suggested to be involved in tumorigenesis or shown to suppress tumor formation. We examined 31 primary breast tumors showing LOH in 11q21-24 for mutations in the MRE11A, CHK1, PPP2R1B, and TSLC1 genes. The absence of intragenic alterations related to cancer led us next to evaluate possible gene silencing resulting from promoter region CpG hypermethylation, using the bisulfite sequencing technique. In addition to the four genes mentioned above, we also analyzed the ATM gene, which had been investigated for certain germline mutations in an earlier study. Only the TSLC1 promoter region exhibited aberrant methylation patterns, and altogether 33% (10/30) of the successfully analyzed tumors showed evidence of elevated levels of TSLC1 CpG methylation. Ten percent (3/30) of the tumors showed significantly increased methylation. Thus, as has been shown in lung and some other forms of cancer, hypermethylation of the TSLC1 promoter region is also frequently a second hit along with LOH in breast cancer.
C-peptide response to glucagon in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1992)

To understand pancreatic beta cell function in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, we analyzed C-peptide response to glucagon in 101 nonketotic patients with onset of diabetes at over 25 years of age and duration of diabetes of more than one year. The fasting serum C-peptide values (FCP), maximal incremental (delta CP) and 6-minute (6'CP) serum C-peptide values after 1 mg of intravenous glucagon administration were not related to age at diagnosis (r = 0.12, 0.06 and 0.10, respectively), duration of diabetes (r = 0.15, 0.05 and 0.10, respectively), fasting plasma glucose concentrations (r = 0.01, 0.18 and 0.12, respectively) or glycohemoglobin (HbA1c, r = 0.13, 0.22 and 0.16, respectively). In contrast, they showed a clear positive correlation with body mass index (BMI, r = 0.36, 0.52 and 0.41, p < 0.001). In order to evaluate the beta cell function in patients with different responses to treatment modalities, a subgroup of 45 patients was divided into three groups: diet successes (DS, n = 14), oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) successes (OS, n = 19) and OHA failure (OF, n = 12). Among the three groups, patients in the OF group had the longest duration of diabetes (9.4 +/- 1.9 years) and the lowest BMI (19.3 +/- 1.0 kg/m2). Serum C-peptide responses to glucagon were different in the three study groups. Patients in the DS group had the highest response and patients in the OF group had the lowest response. However, the differences in mean FCP, delta CP and 6'CP among the three groups were not statistically significant, and there was a wide overlap of individual C-peptide values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
World power and world money: the role of hegemony and international monetary order (1992)

The political foundations of the international economic order domestic financial structures and monetary order hegemony and international monetary order British hegemony and the international gold standard international monetary disorder in the interwar period American hegemony and the evolution of the international monetary system after 1945 the global financial revolution - causes and consequences.
Sizing of actuators for flight control systems and flaps integration in RAPID (2015)

The architecture of the flight control system, essentialfor all flight operations, has significantlychanged throughout the years. The first part ofthe work consists of a preliminary sizing modelof ...
<scp>C</scp> olombia, Thousand Days' War, 1899–1902 (2009)

Throughout the nineteenth century, liberal and conservative forces battled for power in Colombia, waging a number of civil wars in a struggle for control of the political institutions and territorial dominion. Between 1899 and 1902 they engaged in an especially cruel and prolonged conflict which would go down in history as the “Thousand Days' War.”
Oral Retinoids in Dermatology (1982)

A workshop on the subject of oral retinoids in dermatology was held in Iowa City, from May 27 to 29, 1981. The meeting was sponsored by the Department of Dermatology of the University of Iowa College of Medicine. Members of the organizing committee were as follows: John S. Strauss, MD (chairman); Laurence H. Miller, MD; Gary L. Peck, MD; Gerald D. Weinstein, MD; and Dorothy B. Windhorst, MD. Workshop participants, representing a broad cross section of various disciplines, reviewed the subject of oral retinoids. Individual half-day sessions were devoted to discussion of the following topics: mechanisms of actions of retinoids, pharmacology and toxicology of oral retinoids, effect of oral, synthetic retinoids on sebaceous glands and acne, therapeutic effect of oral, synthetic retinoids on keratinizing disorders, and tumor prevention. The full proceedings of the meeting will be published as a supplement to the<i>Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</i>.
ACM fellow profile: Meir M(Manny) Lehman (1998)

No abstract available.
Low‐Basicity Oxygen Atoms: A Key in the Search for Propylene Epoxidation Catalysts (2007)

Gotta have copper: DFT studies indicate that the performance of heterogeneous epoxidation catalysts depends on the first step in the reaction between oxygen atoms and propylene molecules coadsorbed on the metal surface (see picture; C yellow, H light blue, O red). The high basicity of oxygen atoms on silver favors allylic hydrogen stripping, whereas the low basicity of oxygen atoms on copper favors metallacycle formation and subsequent epoxidation.
Partial Characterization of Human Pepsin I, Pepsin IIA, Pepsin IIB, and Pepsin III<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial Characterization of Human Pepsin I, Pepsin IIA, Pepsin IIB, and Pepsin III*Max J. Seijffers, Leon L. Miller, and Harry L. SegalCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 9, 1203–1209Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00897a003https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00897a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Registration Correction for Augmented Reality in E-Commerce (2009)

Current e-commerce technologies cannot provide enough information to buyers. By overlaying virtual information of products on the real world, augmented reality (AR) technology might improve the performance of e-commerce. Too many registration errors are the key hindering factors in AR actual system. Hybrid tracking is a key technique in combating the effects of dynamic errors. In this paper we present a multi-stage close-loop correction algorithm for reducing dynamic registration errors in AR system. The control law in this algorithm is based on 2D visual servoing or image-based camera control that allows control of a virtual camera to reduce registration error. The experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of this algorithm.
`Like a Shrivelled Blood Orange'—Bilirubin, Jaundice, and Phototherapy (1985)

The biochemistry of bilirubin is reviewed with particular reference to newborn infants. The formation, properties, and metabolism of bilirubin are summarized and the importance of molecular shape, hydrogen-bonding, and polarity on the biologic disposition of bilirubin is emphasized. The chemical basis for the subtle influence of visible (blue) light on bilirubin structure and metabolism is explained, and recent concepts of the mechanism of phototherapy are presented. A glossary of current jargon is appended.
A switched capacitor double voltage generator (2002)

In this paper, a double voltage generator is proposed. Although a voltage doubler is described, the technique can be easily extended to any kind of voltage multiplier. Unlike the previously reported on-chip voltage multipliers, the proposed topology is insensitive to the technological parameters and performs a real voltage multiplication.
Sub-5 fs pulse generation from a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (2002)

Transform-limited visible pulses with as short as sub-4 fs duration have been generated for the first time by several improvements made to our previous noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA).All of the signal-idler group-velocity matching and pump-signal pulse-front matching and angular dispersion matching of the parametric amplification processes and the final fine tuning of dispersion compensation using deformable mirror after a pair of chirped mirrors are essentially important to generate such short pulses.We demonstrated the generation of a continuous, simultaneously phase-matched 250 THz parametrically amplified spectrum.Resulting visible-near-IR signal-wave pulses have been compressed to a 4 fs duration using a micro-machined flexible mirror.Feedback for the iterative computer-controlled dispersion compensation algorithm is based on pulse characterization by a second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating.Tunable operation with bandwidth-limited sub-10 fs pulses in the visible (550-700 nm) and near infrared (900-1300 nm) was also performed by changing the seed delay with respect to the pump after increasing the seed chirp.The NOPA is one of the most useful light sources for ultrafast spectroscopy at the present stage on an extremely short timescale.Application to the vibrational wavepacket dynamics in terms of dynamic mode coupling is discussed.The future prospect of the NOPA is described at the end.
SEASONAL VARIATION AND DIET SELECTION FROM PELLET REMAINS OF SHORT-EARED OWLS (ASIO FLAMMEUS) IN WYOMING (1994)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Inhibition of Glucagon and Insulin Secretion by Somatostatin in the Rat Pancreas Perfused<i>in Situ</i> (1975)

Perfusion of growth hormone inhibitory factor (somatostatin) into rat pancreas inhibited secretion of glucagon and insulin into medium containing 5.5 mM glucose. A 15-min infusion of arginine (20 mM) greatly increased glucagon and insulin secretion. When perfused simultaneously with arginine, somatostatin (55 nM) abolished the increase in glucagon secretion. The acute phase of insulin secretion in response to arginine was attenuated by somatostatin, and subsequent secretion was decreased to control levels. Pretreatment for 5 min with somatostatin blocked even acute-phase insulin secretion in response to arginine. Somatostatin did not affect basal or glucose-stimulated secretion of insulin from rat pancreatic islets isolated by the collagenase technique. Arginine-stimulated secretion of insulin was enhanced by somatostatin in isolated islets. These results demonstrate a direct effect of somatostatin on the pancreas to inhibit secretion of glucagon and insulin. The failure of somatostatin to inhibit insulin secretion in pancreatic islets may be due to alterations in the beta cells produced by the isolation procedure. It is also possible that the effect of somatostatin on insulin secretion may be mediated indirectly.
Inhibition of mitochondrial function in isolated rat liver mitochondria by azole antifungals (1996)

Ketoconazole is an imidazole oral antifungal agent with a broad spectrum of activity. Ketoconazole has been reported to cause liver damage, but the mechanism is unknown. However, ketoconazole and a related rug, miconazole, have been shown to have inhibitory effects on oxidative phosphorylation in fungi. Fluconazole, another orally administered antifungal azole, has also been reported to cause liver damage despite its supposedly low toxicity profile. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic integrity of adult rat liver mitochondria after exposure to ketoconazole, miconazole, fluconazole, and the deacetylated metabolite of ketoconazole by measuring ADP-dependent oxygen uptake polarographically and succinate dehydrogenase activity spectrophotometrically. Ketoconazole, N-deacetyl ketoconazole, and miconazole inhibited glutamate-malate oxidation in a dose-dependent manner such that the 50% inhibitory concentration (I50) was 32,300, and 110 microM, respectively. In addition, the effect of ketoconazole, miconazole, and fluconazole on phosphorylation coupled to the oxidation of pyruvate/malate, ornithine/malate, arginine/malate, and succinate was evaluated. The results demonstrated that ketoconazole and miconazole produced a dose-dependent inhibition of NADH oxidase in which ketoconazole was the most potent inhibitor. Fluconazole had minimal inhibitory effects on NADH oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, whereas higher concentrations of ketoconazole were required to inhibit the activity of succinate dehydrogenase. N-deacetylated ketoconazole inhibited succinate dehydrogenase with an I50 of 350 microM. In addition, the reduction of ferricyanide by succinate catalyzed by succinate dehydrogenase demonstrated that ketoconazole caused a dose-dependent inhibition of succinate activity (I50 of 74 microM). In summary, ketoconazole appears to be the more potent mitochondrial inhibitor of the azoles studied; complex I of the respiratory chain is the apparent target of the drug's action.
O-GlcNAcylation: The Sweet Side of the Cancer (2014)

O-GlcNAcylation is an O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety linked to the serine or threonine residues in proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification involved in a wide range of biological processes and diseases such as cancer. This modification can increase and decrease the activity of enzymes as well as interfere with protein stability and interaction. The modulatory capacity of O-GlcNAcylation, as well as protein phosphorylation, is of paramount importance in the regulation of metabolism and intracellular signaling of tumor cells. Thus, understanding the regulation of O-GlcNAcylation in tumor cells and their difference compared to non-tumor cells may elucidate new mechanisms related to tumor generation and development, could provide a new marker to diagnosis and prognosis in patients with cancer and indicate a new target to cancer chemotherapy.
Radar Detection in Weibull Clutter (1976)

Radar detection in Weibull clutter is examined from a statistical detection viewpoint. Weibull clutter parameters are determined and related to measured values of land and sea clutter. Optimum performance in Weibull clutter is determined, and practical receivers that approach this performance are identified. Receiver performance in Rayleigh, log-normal, and Weibull clutter is evaluated and compared.
Acne Scars: Pathogenesis, Classification and Treatment (2010)

Acne has a prevalence of over 90% among adolescents and persists into adulthood in approximately 12%-14% of cases with psychological and social implications. Possible outcomes of the inflammatory acne lesions are acne scars which, although they can be treated in a number of ways, may have a negative psychological impact on social life and relationships. The main types of acne scars are atrophic and hypertrophic scars. The pathogenesis of acne scarring is still not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been proposed. There are numerous treatments: chemical peels, dermabrasion/microdermabrasion, laser treatment, punch techniques, dermal grafting, needling and combined therapies for atrophic scars: silicone gels, intralesional steroid therapy, cryotherapy, and surgery for hypertrophic and keloidal lesions. This paper summarizes acne scar pathogenesis, classification and treatment options.