gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localizability Analysis for GPS/Galileo Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (2004)

With the European Commission (EC) and European Space Agency's (ESA) plans to develop a new satellite navigation system, Galileo and the modernisation of GPS well underway the integrity of such systems is as much, if not more, of a concern as ever. Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM) refers to the integrity monitoring of the GPS/Galileo navigation signals autonomously performed by the receiver independent of any external reference systems, apart from the navigation signals themselves. Quality measures need to be used to evaluate the RAIM performance at different locations and under various navigation modes, such as GPS only and GPS/Galileo integration, etc. The quality measures should include both the reliability and localizability measures. Reliability is used to assess the capability of GPS/Galileo receivers to detect the outliers while localizability is used to determine the capability of GPS/Galileo receivers to correctly identify the detected outlier from the measurements processed. Within this paper, the fundamental equations required for effective outlier detection and identification algorithms are described together with the measures of reliability and localizability. Detailed simulations and analyses have been performed to assess the performances of GPS only and integrated GPS/Galileo navigation solutions with respect to reliability and localizability. Simulation results show that, in comparison with the GPS-only solution, the localizability of the integrated GPS/Galileo solution can be improved by up to 270%. The results also indicate an expectation of a considerable increase in the sensitivity to outliers and accuracy of their estimation with the augmentation of the Galileo system with the existing GPS system.
Urban Renewal: A Case Study in Emerging Goals in an Intergovernmental Setting (1965)

Urban renewal, a complex intergovernmental program, involves countless citizens and different agencies on the national, state, and local scenes. After fifteen years of interaction and testing, a policy for urban renewal seems to be emerging—a policy which encompasses a variety of goals, na tional and local. Four principal "actors" play major roles in these relationships: Congress, the federal administering agency (HHFA), local government, and the "public." Together these four have worked out legislation, program, and policy. The article investigates interrelationships in the areas of citi zen participation, central business district renewal, relocation, and code enforcement; in each of these areas, one "actor" has played a leading role. Local agencies have been allowed con siderable independence by HHFA and by Congress in choos ing objectives, in structuring for action, and in performance; they, in turn, pressure the Agency and Congress for further amendments to the Housing Act: for expansion of the pro gram, for increased benefits, for fewer restrictions. Over-all, a healthy respect for American cities and a willingness to seek solutions for urban difficulties seem to be emerging.
Performance analysis for resource coordination in a high-density wireless environment (2008)

The cochannel overlapping basic service sets (OBSS) wireless interference is unavoidable in a high-density overlapping BSS environment. In order to provide interference-free environment and, at the same time, Quality of Services, centralized resources coordination functionalities particularly in Medium Access Control (MAC) layer are required. The proposed scheme, based on the context of 802.11 WiFi, separates the uplink and downlink transmission into two periods governed by contention scheme and polling scheme respectively. The possible collisions during the synchronized uplink period are avoided because of the natures of contention scheme used. During the downlink period, the grouping assignments, using coloring theory, are carried out based on the topology to divide BSSs into groups and then time spans to avoid collision. The constraint of grouping is that no two overlapping BSSs could be assigned to the same group/time span, so interferences are minimized using time division technique. A complete performance analysis in a number of simulation scenarios is finally presented.
Properties of electroresponsive poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(acrylic acid) IPN hydrogels under an electric stimulus (1999)

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) exhibited electrical-sensitive behavior. PAAc as an initial network was prepared inside a PVA solution using UV irradiation; then, PVA networks as a secondary network were formed by a repetitive freeze–thawing process. Their mechanical properties were influenced by the swelling ratio, crosslinking by UV radiation and a freeze–thawing process, and intermolecular force by hydrogen bonding. When a swollen PVA/PAAc IPN was placed between a pair of electrodes, the IPN exhibited bending behavior upon the applied electric field. The equilibrium bending angle (EBA) and the bending speed of the PVA/PAAc IPN increased with the applied voltage and the content of the PAAc network having negatively charged ionic groups within the IPN. The electroresponsive behavior of the present IPN was also affected by the electrolyte concentration of the external solution. Particularly, IPN37 showed a maximum EBA when the critical ionic strength was 0.1. Anisotropic deswelling of the IPN was observed in a direct contact with a pair of electrodes under aerobic conditions. The PVA/PAAc IPN also showed stepwise bending behavior depending on the electric stimulus. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1675–1683, 1999
Capabilities of a Single Scan TV-Radiographic System for Digital Data Acquisition (1971)

A single scan TV-radiography system capable of providing analogue signals ready for A-D conversion for input to a computer has been investigated. Modulation transfer functitons of both horizontal and vertical resolution have been obtained. The capability for gray scale reproduction was also investigated. The output data rate of the system is 16 KHz thereby providing compatibility to A-D converters generally available for most computers. In general, the capability of the system was found to exceed the input capabilities of available image-amplifiers and is therefore acceptable for quantitative fluoroscopic applications.
Pedal bypass with deep venous arterialization: the therapeutic option in critical limb ischemia and unreconstructable distal arteries (2011)

Heavily calcified and severely stenotic distal arteries defined as unreconstructable, precludes the possibility of revascularization, resulting in major amputation in patients with critical limb ischemia. However, providing blood supply to the ischemic foot through the venous system instead of the arterial system may improve the circulation adequately for the healing process in the vascular compromised distal tissue. This study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of pedal bypass with deep venous arterialization, one of the possible procedures to improve the circulation through the venous system in critically ischemic limbs and unreconstructable distal arteries. Twenty-six patients with critical limb ischemia and an unreconstructable distal artery of the lower extremities were included for the surgical procedure. Arterial bypass with distal anastomosis at the paramalleolar deep vein was carried out through a composite graft combined with adequate destruction of valve competency in the distal vein. The primary endpoint was complete healing of ischemic ulcer with amelioration of rest pain within six months. The secondary endpoints were the outcomes of survival, limb salvage and primary graft patency rate at six-month intervals to 24 months. Nineteen patients (73.1%) had complete healing of ischemic ulcer and disappearance of rest pain within six months. Six patients (23.1%) underwent major amputation. Perioperative mortality was 3.8%. After 24 months of follow-up study, the survival rate was 87.5%, whereas the limb salvage and graft patency rates were 76.02 and 49.17%, respectively. Pedal bypass with deep venous arterialization may be another therapeutic option to enhance the healing of ischemic ulcer and limb salvageability in patients with critical limb ischemia and unreconstructable distal artery.
Tomographic formulation of interferometric SAR for terrain elevation mapping (1995)

Topographic mapping with spotlight synthetic aperture radar (SAR) using an interferometric technique is studied. Included is a review of the equations for determination of terrain elevation from the phase difference between a pair of SAR images formed from data collected at two differing imaging geometries. This paper builds upon the systems analysis of Li and Goldstein in which image pair decorrelation as a function of the "baseline" separation between the receiving antennas was first analyzed. In this paper correlation and topographic height error variance models are developed based on a SAR image model derived from a tomographic image formation perspective. The models are general in the sense that they are constructed to analyze the case of single antenna, two-pass interferometry with arbitrary antenna line of sight, and velocity vector directions. Correlation and height error variance sensitivity to SAR system parameters and terrain gradients are studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Calcium, Daminozide, and Fruit Maturity on Canned ‘Bing’ Sweet Cherry Quality (1985)

Abstract Cherries pitted prior to canning or treated with daminozide had lower drained weights, more total anthocyanin, more turbid syrup, darker Agtron red values, and were softer than nonpitted or nontreated cherries. USDA color grade was higher, but USDA character grade was reduced when cherries were pitted or treated with daminozide. CaCl 2 applied as either a 3% dip prior to pitting or as a 1% addition to the syrup increased the firmness, decreased the turbidity of the syrup of pitted and nonpitted cherries, and reduced the number of split fruit in nonpitted cherries. CaCl 2 improved the USDA character grade of pitted and nonpitted cherries, and daminozide-treated cherries. Delaying harvest by 8 days reduced drained weight losses, increased total anthocyanin content, pH and soluble solids, and resulted in a darker red canned cherry as measured by the Agtron. CaCl 2 compensated for the reduced USDA scores for character caused by pitting or daminozide, increasing character to equal that of nonpitted or nontreated, respectively. Chemical names used: butanedioic acid mono(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (Daminozide).
The Cationic Distribution in a Cationised Potato Starch (1991)

Abstract In the present study the distribution of cationic groups among the starch fractions, amylose and amylopectin, was investigated to illustrate the reactivity of the two starch components and also to better understand the behaviour of the cationised starch. A quaternary ammonium potato starch was separated in amylose and amylopectin by GPC. The content of nitrogen‐containing substituents in the fractions obtained was analysed by proton NMR and by nitrogen analysis. The sample studied here contained 0.27% nitrogen, made up of 0.21% nitrogen from the amylopectin and 0.06% from the amylose fraction. Thus in the cationic starch studied, with a DS of 0.03, the amylopection was more reactive than the amylose.
AUTONOMIC FUNCTION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (1972)

Journal Article AUTONOMIC FUNCTION IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Get access NIALL E. F. CARTLIDGE NIALL E. F. CARTLIDGE Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria InfirmaryInfirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4LP Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 95, Issue 4, 1972, Pages 661–664, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/95.4.661 Published: 01 January 1972 Article history Published: 01 January 1972 Received: 20 January 1972
Structural Basis of <i>glmS</i> Ribozyme Activation by Glucosamine-6-Phosphate (2006)

The glmS ribozyme is the only natural catalytic RNA known to require a small-molecule activator for catalysis. This catalytic RNA functions as a riboswitch, with activator-dependent RNA cleavage regulating glmS messenger RNA expression. We report crystal structures of the glmS ribozyme in precleavage states that are unliganded or bound to the competitive inhibitor glucose-6-phosphate and in the postcleavage state. All structures superimpose closely, revealing a remarkably rigid RNA that contains a preformed active and coenzyme-binding site. Unlike other riboswitches, the glmS ribozyme binds its activator in an open, solvent-accessible pocket. Our structures suggest that the amine group of the glmS ribozyme-bound coenzyme performs general acid-base and electrostatic catalysis.
SYNTHESIS OF SOME1,4,5-TRISUBSTITUTED 1,2,3- TRIAZOLES BY 1,3-DIPOLAR CYCLOADDITION OF 2- SUBSTITUTED PHENYL AZIDES TO DIMETHYL ACETYLENE DICARBOXYLATE (DMAD), REGULAR STIRRING VERSUS MICROWAVE IRRADIATION:A COMPARATIVE STUDY (2011)

trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles were prepared by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of some 2-substituted phenyl azides to dimethylacetylene dicarboxylate (DMAD) under regular stirring at room temperature or under microwave irradiation. The targeted compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields. The use of microwave irradiation
Locality as a visualization tool (1996)

This brief contribution introduces a method of quantifying the locality in a given reference sequence and visually representing it as a three dimensional surface. We explore some of the properties of this formulation of locality and show the correlation between graphical features and specific reference patterns. The utility of our formulation of locality is demonstrated through two of its potential applications as a visualizations tool: characterizing and summarizing workload locality, and evaluating the effectiveness of benchmark programs in exercising memory hierarchies.
Comparative biochemistry of hepatomas. VI. Thymidine incorporation into DNA as a measure of hepatoma growth rate. (1966)

Summary The DNA content and the incorporation of thymidine-2- 14 C were determined in different lines of transplantable hepatomas exhibiting slow, medium, or rapid growth rate. The values were compared with livers of normal controls of the same weight, sex, and strain. The DNA metabolism of host liver was also examined, and regenerating liver served as a further standard of comparison. The DNA levels were in the same range in the livers of control, partially hepatectomized rats and in host livers. The DNA level was in the normal range in the slow growing hepatomas (7800, 5123-D); it was increased to 177% in the more rapidly growing hepatoma 7288-C; and it was markedly increased to 250 and 211%, respectively, in the 2 most rapidly growing tumors (3924-A, 3683). Incorporation of thymidine-2- 14 C into DNA was low in normal livers. There was no consistent pattern in host livers, but incorporation was markedly increased in the regenerating livers and in all hepatomas. The incorporation of thymidine into DNA was markedly elevated even in the slow growing tumors (7800, 839%; 5123-D, 1596%). It was further increased in the more rapidly growing 7288-C (2131%), and it was the highest in the most rapidly growing tumors (3924-A, 6403%; 3683, 3378%). Thus, DNA production (thymidine incorporation into DNA) and growth rate (as estimated by generation time) show a good correlation. Thymidine incorporation into DNA might be used as a measure of growth rate in hepatomas.
Slim-Hole Sidetrack Cuts Costs by 50% (1998)

Abstract The Shell/Esso Brent Field contains many small pockets of oil; 0.5 to 1.5 million barrels that are uneconomic to develop using conventional sidetrack techniques. The sidetrack of Brent Bravo well BB-08 takes advantage of the latest slim- hole through tubing technology reducing the well costs by 50% over a conventional sidetrack. The operation was carried out with a conventional rig utilising a slim-hole drillstring to exploit an expected 1.5 million barrel target and also provide a technical comparison with a coiled tubing sidetrack. The entire operation was carried out through the existing xmas tree and completion string. The original perforations were isolated then a through tubing whipstock was used to exit through the existing 7" liner and 9-5/8" casing strings. A 1500 ft 3-7/8" hole section was drilled with a steerable BHA, which gave an average dogleg of 9 deg/100 ft in the build section. The mud weight required for hole stability meant high over-balance pressures through the reservoir section. The hole was logged with a wireline conveyed resistivity tool. A 2-7/8" liner was run and cemented in place with a liner top production packer to provide well integrity. Wireline access into the 2-7/8" liner was not possible due to debris and therefore the well had to be cleaned out with coiled tubing before perforating. This paper describes the planning process, the operations (from abandonment to perforations), lessons learned and the teamwork which made it all possible. P. 111
Enhancement of hemiplegic patient rehabilitation by means of functional electrical stimulation (1993)

This presentation will review briefly the current practice and state of the art in functional electrical stimulation (FES) as applied to stroke, head injured or brain tumour operated patients. A similar application is used in paretic patients following trauma or other aetiology. Over 20 years experience in the application of FES, as practised in Ljubljana, will be highlighted and the devices currently in use will be described. The statistics show the results obtained on 2,500 hemiplegic patients examined for FES application during the last 10 years. The statistics and results of the Slovenian population indicate 0.15-0.20% new cases annually or 1,500 new cases per million inhabitants. Up to 63% of annual cases are candidates for an FES based therapeutic locomotion rehabilitation programme. Experience indicates that 60% of hemiplegic patients received single-channel stimulation to correct equinovarus or foot drop, 30% obtained dual or even three channel stimulation treatment and only 10% of patients were involved in multichannel FES of four to six or even eight channels of stimulation. The benefits and outcome of rehabilitation will be presented and discussed in regard to current trends in the field of FES for hemiplegic and paretic patients. The partly inactive but very important field of FES application to the upper extremity in hemiplegic and paretic patients will be discussed and the relatively modest achievements presented. Future developments will be presented together with advances foreseen by steadily improving technology.
Internal Colonization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Tomato Plants (2011)

Several Salmonella enterica outbreaks have been traced back to contaminated tomatoes. In this study, the internalization of S. enterica Typhimurium via tomato leaves was investigated as affected by surfactants and bacterial rdar morphotype, which was reported to be important for the environmental persistence and attachment of Salmonella to plants. Surfactants, especially Silwet L-77, promoted ingress and survival of S. enterica Typhimurium in tomato leaves. In each of two experiments, 84 tomato plants were inoculated two to four times before fruiting with GFP-labeled S. enterica Typhimurium strain MAE110 (with rdar morphotype) or MAE119 (without rdar). For each inoculation, single leaflets were dipped in 10(9) CFU/ml Salmonella suspension with Silwet L-77. Inoculated and adjacent leaflets were tested for Salmonella survival for 3 weeks after each inoculation. The surface and pulp of ripe fruits produced on these plants were also examined for Salmonella. Populations of both Salmonella strains in inoculated leaflets decreased during 2 weeks after inoculation but remained unchanged (at about 10(4) CFU/g) in week 3. Populations of MAE110 were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those of MAE119 from day 3 after inoculation. In the first year, nine fruits collected from one of the 42 MAE119 inoculated plants were positive for S. enterica Typhimurium. In the second year, Salmonella was detected in adjacent non-inoculated leaves of eight tomato plants (five inoculated with strain MAE110). The pulp of 12 fruits from two plants inoculated with MAE110 was Salmonella positive (about 10(6) CFU/g). Internalization was confirmed by fluorescence and confocal laser microscopy. For the first time, convincing evidence is presented that S. enterica can move inside tomato plants grown in natural field soil and colonize fruits at high levels without inducing any symptoms, except for a slight reduction in plant growth.
THE SECOND LETTERBOOK OF SIR GEORGE ETHEREGE (1952)

THE SECOND LETTERBOOK OF SIR GEORGE ETHEREGE Get access SYBIL ROSENFELD SYBIL ROSENFELD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume III, Issue 9, January 1952, Pages 19–27, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/III.9.19 Published: 01 January 1952
Routing Speedup in Multicore-Based Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

The integration of multicore processors into wireless mobile devices is creating new opportunities to enhance the speed and scalability of message routing in ad hoc networks. In this paper we study the impact of multicore technology on routing speed and node efficiency, and draw conclusions regarding the measures that should be taken to conserve energy and prolong the lifetime of a network. We formally define three metrics and use them for performance evaluation: time-to-destination (T2D), average routing speedup (ARS), and average-node-efficiency (ANE). The T2D metric is the time a message takes to travel to its destination in a loaded traffic network. ARS measures the average routing speed gained by a multicore-based network over a single-core based network, and ANE measures the average efficiency of a node, or the number of active cores. These benchmarks show that routing speedup in networks with multicore nodes increases linearly with the number of cores and significantly decrease traffic bottlenecks, while allowing more routings to be executed simultaneously. The average node efficiency, however, decreases linearly with the number of cores per node. Power-aware protocols and energy management techniques should therefore be developed to turn off the unused cores.
Torque Distribution Control of 3RRR Redundant Parallel Robot (2008)

In the redundant actuation system which has more actuators than a system's mobility, there are various method to determine actuated torques because those are not determined uniquely. This paper presents a torque distribution method using weighted-pseudoinverse to optimize the maximum torque of various actuated inputs of the redundant system. The various weighting factor of weighted-pseudoinverse is studied to reduce maximum actuated torque. This method is experimentally applied to 3RRR parallel robot, which shows that presented method can efficiently reduce the maximum actuated torque.