gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Heuristics for Scalable Optimization of Complex SQL Queries (2007)

Modern database systems incorporate a query optimizer to identify the most efficient "query execution plan" for executing the declarative SQL queries submitted by users. A dynamic-programming-based approach is used to exhaustively enumerate the combinatorially large search space of plan alternatives and, using a cost model, to identify the optimal choice. While dynamic programming (DP) works very well for moderately complex queries with up to around a dozen base relations, it usually fails to scale beyond this stage due to its inherent exponential space and time complexity. Therefore, DP becomes practically infeasible for complex queries with a large number of base relations, such as those found in current decision-support and enterprise management applications. To address the above problem, a variety of approaches have been proposed in the literature. Some completely jettison the DP approach and resort to alternative techniques such as randomized algorithms, whereas others have retained DP by using heuristics to prune the search space to computationally manageable levels. In the latter class, a well-known strategy is "iterative dynamic programming" (IDP) wherein DP is employed bottom-up until it hits its feasibility limit, and then iteratively restarted with a significantly reduced subset of the execution plans currently under consideration. The experimental evaluation of IDP indicated that by appropriate choice of algorithmic parameters, it was possible to almost always obtain "good" (within a factor of twice of the optimal) plans, and in the few remaining cases, mostly "acceptable" (within an order of magnitude of the optimal) plans, and rarely, a "bad" plan. While IDP is certainly an innovative and powerful approach, we have found that there are a variety of common query frameworks wherein it can fail to consistently produce good plans, let alone the optimal choice. This is especially so when star or clique components are present, increasing the complexity of the join graphs. Worse, this shortcoming is exacerbated when the number of relations participating in the query is scaled upwards.
Marginal fit of alumina-and zirconia-based fixed partial dentures produced by a CAD/CAM system. (2001)

Clinical long-term success of all-ceramic dental restorations can be significantly influenced by marginal discrepancies. As a result, this in vitro study evaluated the marginal fit of alumina- and zirconia-based fixed partial dentures (FPDs) machined by the Precident DCS system. Different master steel models of three-, four- and five-unit posterior FPDs with an 0.8 mm chamfer preparation were produced. FPDs made of DC-Zirkon and In-Ceram Zirconia core ceramics were machined by the Precident DCS system. The marginal fit of the milled frameworks placed on the master steel models was determined by a replica technique using a light-body silicone to fill the discrepancies between crown and tooth and a heavy-body material to stabilize the light-body impression material. The impressions were poured into an epoxy resin material and each model was cross-sectioned with a low speed diamond saw to better visualize marginal discrepancies. The marginal fit of the FPDs was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The measurements of the marginal fit exhibited mean marginal discrepancies in a range between 60.5 and 74.0 microm, mean marginal gaps in a range from 42.9 to 46.3 microm, mean vertical discrepancies in a range from 20.9 to 48.0 microm and mean horizontal discrepancies in the range of 42.0 to 58.8 microm. Statistical data analysis was performed using the non-parametric test of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. The analysis revealed no significant differences (p>0.05) between the mean marginal gaps and vertical and horizontal discrepancies. However, for some FPDs the mean values of the marginal discrepancies were significantly different (p < or =0.05). The wide range of the measured values may be attributed to the complex geometrical design of long span FPDs and difficulties regarding the milling process of brittle ceramic materials. Based on the selection of 100 microm as the limit of clinical acceptability, the results of this study can conclude that the level of marginal fit for alumina- and zirconia-based FPDs achieved with the Precident DCS system meet the clinical requirements.
A New Mechanical Disruption Technique for Organic Enrichment of Hi-Vol Samples (1975)

A mechanical disrupting technique capable of extracting the organic content from a high volume fiber glass filter is described. The method is rapid, inexpensive and reproducible.
Helicobacter pylori - associated atrophic gastritis is related to vac A and cagA genotypes (1999)

Nogueira, C; Figueiredo, C; Carneiro, F; Taveira, A G; Barreira, R; Figueira, P; Salgado, C; Belo, L; Peixoto, A; Bravo, J C; Realpe, J L; Quint, W G V; Ruiz, B; Correa, P; van Doorn, L J Author Information
Surgical treatment of subchondral cystic lesions of the third metacarpal bone: results in 15 horses (1986–1994) (1997)

Subchondral cystic lesions (SCLs) in the condyle of the third metacarpal bone (MCIII) were surgically treated in 15 horses. The median age at presentation was 18 months (range 10 months-12 years) with 10 of 15 horses less than age 2 years. The SCLs were confined to the front limbs in all cases with 2 horses having bilateral lesions. Lesions were isolated to the medial condyle(s) of MCIII in 13 of 15 horses; a cystic lesion occurred in the lateral condyle in one horse and in the sagittal ridge in one horse. One horse with bilateral lesions had an additional cystic lesion located in the right medial femoral condyle. Fourteen of 15 horses had a history of moderate lameness attributable to the metacarpophalangeal joint; the lesion was an incidental finding in one horse. Duration of lameness ranged from 4 weeks to 8 months and was either acute in onset, or occurred intermittently and was associated with exercise. Fetlock flexion significantly exacerbated the lameness in all cases. Synovial effusion was absent in 8 (53%) cases. Cystic lesions were curetted arthroscopically in 12 horses, and through a dorsal pouch arthrotomy in 3 horses. Concurrent osteostixis of the cystic cavity was performed in 7 horses. Two horses were treated arthroscopically for osteochondral fragmentation of the proximodorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx one year following surgical curettage of the SCL. Twelve of 15 horses (80%) were sound for intended use following surgical treatment. Two horses did not regain soundness and follow-up information was unavailable for one horse. Total period of follow-up was 1-6 years. Follow-up radiographic examinations were available for 9 horses. Mild periarticular osteophyte formation and enthesiophyte formation at the dorsal joint capsular attachments was present in 5 of the 9 horses. Bony ingrowth of the cystic lesion was detectable in 8 horses and enlargement of the cystic cavity was observed in one horse. Based on the information gained from this study, it would appear that surgical treatment of SCLs in the distal metacarpus can result in a favourable outcome for athletic use.
XAFS Debye–Waller factors in aqueous Cr+3 from molecular dynamics (1999)

Controversy exists on whether the second hydration shell of the aqueous chromium +3 cation is observable by XAFS. The problem is aggravated by strong first shell multiple scattering contributions competing with the second hydration shell signal. By finding ab initio values for nearly all free parameters in the theory, we greatly reduce the number of parameters to be fit, thus allowing an unambiguous resolution of this controversy. Quantum chemistry calculations yielded a parameterized force field model which was used in classical molecular dynamics simulations to calculate all the multiple scattering Debye-Waller factors. The self-consistent FEFF8 code fixes Eo to within 1 eV. The predicted spectrum is in good agreement with experiment. Fitted distances for the first and second hydration shell are 2.0008 + 0.0068/~ and 3.914 4-0.096/~, respectively. The second shell is shown to be responsible for about 1/3 of the XAFS Fourier transformed signal at the position of the second shell.
Proteomic characterization of the multiple forms of the PLAs from the venom of the social wasp <i>Polybia paulista</i> (2011)

The phospholipases A(1) (PLA(1) s) from the venom of the social wasp Polybia paulista occur as a mixture of different molecular forms. To characterize the molecular origin of these structural differences, an experimental strategy was planned combining the isolation of the pool of PLAs from the wasp venom with proteomic approaches by using 2-D, MALDI-TOF-TOF MS and classical protocols of protein chemistry, which included N- and C-terminal sequencing. The existence of an intact form of PLA(1) and seven truncated forms was identified, apparently originating from controlled proteolysis of the intact protein; in addition to this, four of these truncated forms also presented carbohydrates attached to their molecules. Some of these forms are immunoreactive to specific-IgE, while others are not. These observations permit to raise the hypothesis that naturally occurring proteolysis of PLA(1) , combined with protein glycosylation may create a series of different molecular forms of these proteins, with different levels of allergenicity. Two forms of PLA(2) s, apparently related to each other, were also identified; however, it was not possible to determine the molecular origin of the differences between both forms, except that one of them was glycosylated. None of these forms were immunoreactive to human specific IgE.
The Efficacy of Denaturing Actinide Elements as a Means of Decreasing Materials Attractiveness (2013)

This paper is an extension to earlier studies that examined the attractiveness of materials mixtures containing special nuclear materials (SNM) and alternate nuclear materials (ANM). This study considers the concept of denaturing as applied to the actinide elements present in spent fuel as a means to reduce materials attractiveness. Highly attractive materials generally have low values of bare critical mass, heat content, and dose.
Synthesis of β-hydroxy-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles catalyzed by copper ferrite nanoparticles in tap water using click chemistry (2014)

A novel one pot synthesis of β-hydroxy-1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazoles has been developed by using CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles. This protocol involves easily recyclable catalyst in water and avoids the handling of azides as they are generated <italic>in situ</italic>.
A Stereocontrolled Synthesis of a Lincosamine Precursor. (1990)

ABSTRACT We report the first stereocontrolled synthesis of the protected lincosamine 2d, the sugar moiety of the clinically important antibiotic lyncomycine.1 To achieve the synthesis of 1, the key structural problem to be solved is the formation of the chiral center C-6 in the D-glycero configuration. In the numerous previous attempts made from D-galactose,2 very little success was obtained as far as stereocontrol is concerned. A fully synthetic route to (±)-methyl-β-lincosaminide was also reported.3
Alloimmunogenicity of an isolated MHC allele is affected by the context of MHC mismatch in a murine model (2019)

These findings indicate that the immunogenicity of a single alloantigen can be affected by the context in which it is encountered, demonstrating the potential for cooperative effects between different mismatched MHC alloantigens.
Presurgical cognitive deficits in patients receiving coronary artery bypass graft surgery (2003)

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can produce a higher incidence of neuropsychological complications than other types of highly invasive noncardiac vascular surgery. Cognitive complications most likely arise from either embolization or hypoxia. An alternative surgical procedure has been developed that allows CABG to be performed without stopping the heart ("off-pump" CABG, or OPCABG). This study examined the neuropsychological performance of patients undergoing OPCABG, hypothesizing that patients undergoing OPCABG would show fewer cognitive deficits than patients whose hearts were stopped. A 1-hr neuropsychological battery was administered preoperatively to 43 patients before prospective randomization to either CPB CABG or OPCABG, and again to 34 of those patients 2 to 3 months postoperatively by an examiner blind to surgical condition. Neuropsychological status did not change 2.5 months postsurgically in either OPCABG or CABG groups. However, both groups showed dramatic presurgical cognitive deficits in multiple domains, particularly verbal memory and psychomotor speed. This corroborates previous research suggesting that patients requiring CABG surgery may evidence significant presurgical cognitive deficits as a result of existing vascular disease.
Un service hiérarchique distribué de partage de données pour grille (2008)

National audience
Understanding the system in risk assessment (1998)

In the assessment of a system, understanding the system is central. Even so, most of the current literature takes a narrow view of understanding, making only the catalog of system ``assets`` explicit, while maintaining the balance of the analyst`s understanding inside the analyst`s head. This can lead to problems with non-repeatability and incompleteness of assessment results. This paper introduces the notion of using explicit system models to document the analyst`s understanding of the system and shows that, from these models, standard assessment products, such as fault trees and event trees, can be automatically derived. This paper also presents five ``views`` of a system that can be used to document the analyst`s understanding of the system. These views go well beyond the standard instruction to identify the system`s assets to show that a much richer understanding of the system can be required for effective assessment.
Release of adrenal catecholamines by angiotensin I. (1971)

A structure activity study was attempted to determine the optimum angiotensin (Ang) peptide chain length for adrenal medullary stimulation. Isolated cat adrenal glands were retrograde perfused at a flow rate of 1 ml/min with phosphate-buffered Locke9s solution at 23-25°C. Continuous catecholamine analysis was performed with an automated trihydroxyindole procedure. All drugs were administered either by close single injection (0.05-0.1 ml) or by perfusion. Ang series peptides administered were His-Pro-Phe; Val-Tyr-Ileu-His-Pro-Phe; Arg-Val-Tyr-Ileu-His-Pro-Phe; 1-Aap(NH 2 )-5-Val-Ang II; 1-Asp-5-Ileu Aug I and II; 1-Asp-5-Ileu-tetradecapeptide (renin substrate); 1-Asp-5-Ileu-8-Ala-Ang II. The optimum Ang chain length for adrenal medullary stimulation appeared to be 8 to 10 amino acids. There was cross-tachyphylaxis between the active peptides. Sustained catecholamine secretion was induced by administering the peptides via perfusion. Peptide-induced adrenal catecholamine secretion required Ca ++ . Since Aug I is an extremely potent peptide, studies were performed with 1O- 14 C-Leu-Ang I or antibody for 1-Asp-5-Ileu-Ang II to determine if the decapeptide was acting indirectly through conversion to Ang II. Ang I was found to have a marked, direct effect on the isolated adrenal medulla.
Ping-pong character of nasturtium-seed xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) reaction. (2000)

Plant xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET, EC 2.4.1.207) degrades its substrate by a transglycosylation mechanism while endo-cleaving xyloglucan (XG) molecules at their beta-1,4-linked polyglucosyl main chain and transferring the newly generated reducing chain ends to hydroxyls at C-4 of non-reducing glucosyl ends of the main chains of other XG molecules or of low-Mr XG-fragments (OS). Kinetic data obtained with purified nasturtium seed (Tropaeolum majus, L.) XET while using high-Mr xyloglucan and 3H-labeled XGOS alditols (DP 7-9) as substrates could be best fitted to the model for Ping-Pong Bi Bi reaction mechanism. Such mechanism is typical for transglycosylases operating with retention of the anomeric configuration of the formed glycosidic bond and involving the formation of a covalent glycosyl-enzyme reaction intermediate.
Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity: Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Primary Deformity and Longitudinal Changes following Primary Correction of the Nasal Foundation (2019)

Unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity may be "driven" by displacement of the anterior nasal spine and caudal septum. The cleft alar base is normal in position but retruded, whereas the noncleft alar base is displaced laterally. Changes with surgery involve anterior movement of the cleft alar base but also include medial movement of the noncleft alar base and columella. Symmetry of correction, including alar base retrusion, was stable over time and did not rely on alveolar bone grafting.
Accomplishments, challenges and opportunities in developing network based radar systems for high-impact small-scale weather events (2011)

CASA (Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere) is an NSF Engineering Research Center dedicated to revolutionizing our ability to observe, understand, predict, and respond to hazardous weather events, especially in the lower atmosphere. The center has pursued an innovative densely networked sensing paradigm, called DCAS (Distributed Collaborative Adaptive Sensing), to overcome the resolution and coverage limitations of traditional weather radars using low cost, densely networked radar systems. CASA built a demonstration testbed (IP1) where the CASA concepts were successfully demonstrated. The accomplishments, challenges and opportunities for further activities of the CASA IP1 testbed are described, along with lessons learned.
Comprehensive Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD4 Responses Reveals Marked Immunodominance of<i>gag</i>and<i>nef</i>and the Presence of Broadly Recognized Peptides (2004)

Increasing evidence suggests that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD4 T-cell responses contribute to effective immune control of HIV-1 infection. However, the breadths and specificities of these responses have not been defined. We screened fresh CD8-depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 36 subjects at different stages of HIV-1 infection for virus-specific CD4 responses by gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay, using 410 overlapping peptides spanning all HIV-1 proteins (based on the clade B consensus sequence). HIV-1-specific CD4 responses were identified in 30 of the 36 individuals studied, with the strongest and broadest responses detected in persons treated in acute infection who underwent treatment interruption. In individuals with identified responses, the total number of recognized HIV-1 peptides ranged from 1 to 36 (median, 7) and the total magnitude of responses ranged from 80 to >14,600 (median, 990) spot-forming cells/10(6) CD8-depleted PBMC. Neither the total magnitude nor the number of responses correlated with viremia. The most frequent and robust responses were directed against epitopes within the Gag and Nef proteins. Peptides targeted by >/=25% of individuals were then tested for binding to a panel of common HLA-DR molecules. All bound broadly to at least four of the eight alleles tested, and two bound to all of the HLA-DR molecules studied. Fine mapping and HLA restriction of the responses against four of these peptides showed a combination of clustering of epitopes and promiscuous presentation of the same epitopes by different HLA class II alleles. These findings have implications for the design of immunotherapeutic strategies and for testing candidate HIV vaccines.
Nature of alcohol and anesthetic action on cooperative membrane equilibria (1992)

A generalized, colligative thermodynamic framework is used to treat the action of solutes on cooperative membrane equilibria. Configurational entropy, the randomness imparted by solutes through the partitioning or mixing process, is implicated as the energetic driving force for the action of anesthetics on cooperative membrane equilibria. The equilibria predicted to be most sensitive to solute action--in which the dilute solute causes a perturbation equivalent to a large change in temperature--are (1) low-enthalpy processes that coincide with (2) large partitioning differences between states. The model stresses that solutes do not act at a single site, but on both states in an equilibrium, and that the perturbation is determined by the difference in entropy. Evidence for the thermodynamic framework is obtained from the partitioning behavior of the general anesthetic 1-hexanol into a model lecithin (DMPC; 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) membrane as a function of temperature and alcohol concentration. The low-enthalpy equilibrium between the gel (L beta') and ripple states (P beta') (pretransition) is more sensitive to 1-hexanol than the high-enthalpy equilibrium between the ripple (P beta') and fluid bilayer states (L alpha) (main transition). The perturbations of both equilibria are accurately described by the colligative thermodynamic framework. The results suggest that alcohols and anesthetics act through entropy to upset the natural thermal balance that maintains native membrane architecture.
Biologic Markers in Risk Assessment for Environmental Carcinogens (1991)

The potential of biologic markers to provide more timely and precise risk assessments for environmental carcinogens is viewed against the current state-of-the-art in biological monitoring/molecular epidemiology. Biologic markers such as carcinogen-DNA adducts and oncogene activation are currently considered valid qualitative indicators of potential risk, but for most chemical exposures research is needed to establish their validity as quantitative predictors of cancer risk. Biologic markers have, however, already provided valuable insights into the magnitude of interindividual variation in response to carcinogenic exposures, with major implications for risk assessment.
Estimation of effective anisotropy simultaneously with locations of microseismic events (2011)

ABSTRACT Passive seismic tomography, in which the event locations and the velocity model are inferred simultaneously, is seldom used to process microseismic surveys acquired in the oil and gas industry. We discuss advantages of applying tomographic ideas to typical microseismic data recorded in a single, nearly vertical well to monitor hydraulic stimulation of a shale-gas reservoir. Microseismic events are conventionally located in the energy-industry applications using a velocity model derived from sonic logs and perforation shots. Instead of fixing the model, as is normally done, we alter it while locating the events. This added flexibility not only makes it possible to accurately predict traveltimes of the recorded P- and S-waves, but also provides a convincing evidence for anisotropy of the examined shale formation. While we find that velocity heterogeneity does not need to be introduced to explain the data acquired at each stage of hydraulic fracturing, the obtained models are suggestive of possible time-lapse changes in the anisotropy parameters that characterize the stimulated reservoir volume.
Growth of <i>c</i>-axis oriented gallium nitride thin films on an amorphous substrate by the liquid-target pulsed laser deposition technique (1996)

Gallium nitride (GaN) thin films with a wurtzite structure were grown on fused silica (FS) substrates by pulsed laser ablation of a liquid gallium target in the presence of ammonia gas. X-ray diffraction measurement shows a single c-axis orientation for the GaN film grown with a thin (&lt;1000 Å) zinc oxide (ZnO) film as an alignment layer. There is a great improvement in the surface morphology as well as optical transmission for the GaN film grown on the ZnO buffered FS substrate. The energy band gap obtained from the absorption spectrum is about 3.45 eV.