gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enrichment of oligonucteotide sets with transcription control signals II: mammalian DNA (1992)

We studied the frequency distribution of oligonucleotides 10 bp long in a sample of 1.6 Mb of mammalian genes, containing 579 sequences from GenBank(R) 55.0, with the aim of detecting transcription control signals. 2216 decamers had a frequency higher than 10 times the mean and were subjected to further statistical analysis. For each of the 2216 decamers (parents), we counted the individual frequencies of the 30 decamers differing from the parent by one base mutation (progeny) and then calculated two variance/mean chi squares for the progeny, with and without the parent. We then studied the distribution of the ratio between the two chi squares. Out of 2216 decamers, 346 had a chi square ratio of 1.9 or larger. In this final set, which corresponds to less than 0.033 per cent of all possible decamers, 18 were found to contain 23 eukaryotic transcription control elements 5-10 bp of length, such as Sp1 and others. Furthermore, when compared to 210 random sets containing 346 decamers, this set contains a highly significant excess of the longer signals.
Structural Analysis of Submicrometer LiCoO[sub 2] Films (2001)

Submicrometer LiCoO 2 films were prepared with pulsed laser deposition PLD and rf sputtering using stoichiometric targets. The influences of both substrate material and annealing procedure on the polycrystalline microstructure of the LiCoO 2 films were investigated. XRD analysis revealed strong preferential orientation: annealed films deposited with PLD had their 00l planes parallel to the surface, while rf sputtered films had their 110 planes in this orientation. The rf-film also developed the 003 reflection typical of PLD-films, but only after prolonged annealing at 600C. The degree of preferential orientation is influenced significantly by the annealing procedure and only little by the substrate material and the thickness of the deposited film. Pulsed laser deposition on an rf-sputtered seed layer revealed the PLD-film reflections. Extinction of the otherwise dominating 003 reflection indicated a random cationic distribution in LiCoO 2 with an NaCl-type structure.
Leveraging Family History in Population‐Based Case‐Control Association Studies (2014)

Population-based epidemiologic studies often gather information from study participants on disease history among their family members. Although investigators widely recognize that family history will be associated with genotypes of the participants at disease susceptibility loci, they commonly ignore such information in primary genetic association analyses. In this report, we propose a simple approach to association testing by incorporating family history information as a "phenotype." We account for the expected attenuation in strength of association of the genotype of study participants with family history under Mendelian transmission. The proposed analysis can be performed using standard statistical software adopting either a meta- or pooled-analysis framework. Re-analysis of a total of 115 known susceptibility single-nucleotide polymorphisms, discovered through genome-wide association studies for several disease traits, indicates that incorporation of family history information can increase efficiency by as much as 40%. Efficiency gain depends on the type of design used for conducting the primary study, extent of family history, and accuracy and completeness of reporting.
Date palm fibre reinforced composite as a new insulating material (2003)

Several panels of date palm leave (DPL) reinforced composites were fabricated using either autoclaving technique with vacuum bagging or press moulds with controlled temperature. Several fibre orientation and dimensions were tested. Two types of resins were selected. The first was a high temperature curing Phenolic (phenol formaldehyde) resin. The second was a two-component Bisphenol resin with amine-based slow curing agent. The panels exhibited very low thermal conductivities ranging between 0.17 and 0.24 W m–1 K–1 for the Phenolic resin (depending on the curing pressure) and between 0.16 and 0.20 W m–1 K–1 for the bisphenol. The main factors affecting the thermal conductivity were the resin type, fibre to resin ratio and curing pressure. The fibre orientation and size had no measurable effect on the thermal conductivity. The produced laminates were very stable to handle all required machining processes as construction panels. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An association matrix model of context-specific vertical vergence adaptation (1997)

The plasticity of the oculomotor system can be demonstrated experimentally through vertical vergence adaptation, in which an open-loop (non-binocular feedback) vertical vergence response is trained to vary with eye position along a single meridian (such as horizontal conjugate eye position). During context-specific adaptation, vertical vergence is trained to vary along two eye position meridians. In this condition, a unique combination of information from two separate pathways is necessary to produce the correct vertical vergence response. Context-specific adaptation experiments were conducted in three adapting planes (midsaggital, frontoparallel, and transverse). Midsaggital plane stimuli were associated with horizontal vergence and vertical conjugate eye position, frontoparallel plane stimuli were associated with horizontal and vertical conjugate eye position, and transverse plane stimuli were associated with horizontal vergence and horizontal conjugate eye position. As a means of investigating whether brainstem inputs are a feasible source of information driving the vertical vergence response, an association matrix model was developed which combined two input sources via AND gates. The inputs to the model reflect units associated with vertical conjugate eye position, horizontal conjugate eye position, and horizontal vergence. The AND gate outputs were summed and weighted to form the vertical vergence response at different eye positions. This model illustrates a biologically plausible means of coupling the adapted vertical vergence response with other oculomotor behaviour.
Transition Metal Complex Promoted Rearrangements. The Effect of the Metal and of the Attached Ligands on the Mode of Cleavage of Methylated Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal Complex Promoted Rearrangements. The Effect of the Metal and of the Attached Ligands on the Mode of Cleavage of Methylated Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanesPaul Gassman, G Meyer, and Frank WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 22, 7741–7748Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online14 August 2003Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00777a602https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00777a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
(3<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i>,6<i>R</i>,8<i>S</i>,9<i>S</i>)-1-Azonia-9-ethyl-3-hydroxy-5-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)-3-methyl-4-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.0]dodecane trifluoromethanesulfonate: insight into the sterochemistry of the cyclization mechanism (2006)

The analysis of the crystal structure of the title compound, C 23 H 31 N 2 O 3 + ·CF 3 SO 3 − , allowed the determination of the relative configuration at the five stereogenic centres.
Upregulation of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) and CNTF Receptor α in Rat Kidney with Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2001)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is presumed to play a role as a survival factor in neuronal cells, but little is known about its role in the kidney. To investigate this, the expression of CNTF and CNTF receptor alpha (CNTFR alpha) was analyzed in the ischemic rat kidney. An ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury was induced by clamping both renal arteries for 45 min. Animals were killed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 d after ischemia. The expression of CNTF and CNTFR alpha was monitored by reverse transcription-PCR, in situ hybridization, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. In sham-operated rat kidneys, CNTF expression was weak and limited to the descending thin limb of the loop of Henle. With I/R injury, CNTF mRNA and protein expressions were strikingly increased as compared with the sham-operated rat kidney, and the immunoreactivity of CNTF was mainly observed in the regenerating proximal tubules. The expression of CNTFR alpha mRNA was also increased after I/R injury, and its location and expression patterns were similar to the expression of CNTF. These findings suggest a possible role of CNTF as a growth factor during renal tubular repair processes after I/R injury and an autocrine or paracrine function of CNTF acting against CNTFR alpha.
Evaluation of a Double-Tracer Autoradiographic Technique for the Measurement of Both Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Local Cerebral Blood Flow (1985)

A solvent washout technique is evaluated that could be used to remove one 14C tracer after a combined autoradiographic CMRglu and CBF study using [14C]2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and [14C]iodoantipyrine (IAP). The technique permits the simultaneous measurement of local CBF and local CMRglu in the same animal without the use of the short-lived tracers of iodine, 123I and 131I, for iodoantipyrine labeling. This report shows that brain tissue sections did not retain 14C from [14C]2DG when chloroform was used as the washout solvent. Chloroform washing removes nearly all the 14C from [14C]IAP. For this study, careful attention was given to the control, prewash measurement of 14C concentration.
COSMIC-RAY-PRODUCED RADIONUCLIDES AS TRACERS OF ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION PROCESSES. (1967)

Through recent developments in instrumental analysis it is now possible to measure with good precision the rainwater concentrations of five short-lived radionuclides which are produced by cosmic ray spallation of atmospheric argon. These measurements provide a method for studying the in-cloud nucleation times and aerosol scavenging efficiencies, and promise to provide information onshort-term processes which occur in rain and snow formation.
Electron holography to image magnetic domains (invited) (1987)

The principles of electron holography were formulated 40 years ago. Recently, this technique has reached the level of practical application with the development of a coherent field-emission electron beam. In this method, magnetic lines of force are quantitatively observed in h/e flux units in an interference electron micrograph. Several applications of this method are introduced.
Introduction and Removal of Durable Creases in Wrinkle-Resistant Cotton Fabric (1970)

Internally catalyzed, cross-linked cotton fabrics have provided the basis for an exploratory study of the introduction and removal of creases by thermal treatment. Durable creases having ratings of 4.0-5.0 have been developed in these cross-linked compositions which are characterized by conditioned and wet wrinkle recovery angles (W + F) as high as 300°. Creases are introduced by extended heat treatment or by multiple ironings of the wet fabric. By similar treatments of the creased fabric in the flat state, creases may be reduced substantially and, in some-cases, they may be reduced to the same extent as in unmodified cotton fabric. The study is based on cotton fabrics cross-linked with divinyl sulfone; the internal catalysis is provided by quaternary ammonium substituents introduced into the cellulose via ether linkages.
Studies of surface chemical physics using nuclear-spin-polarized atomic beams (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleStudies of surface chemical physics using nuclear-spin-polarized atomic beamsR. F. Haglund, Jr.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1988, 88, 4, 697–717Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00086a007https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00086a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Total Synthesis of Estrone and 14-Isoestrone (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Total Synthesis of Estrone and 14-IsoestroneWilliam S. Johnson, Robert G. Christiansen, and Robert E. IrelandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 8, 1995–2005Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01565a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01565a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses (2020)

Respiratory RNA viruses are responsible for recurrent acute respiratory illnesses that still represent a major medical need. Previously we developed a large variety of benzimidazole derivatives able to inhibit these viruses. Herein, two series of (thio)semicarbazone- and hydrazone-based benzimidazoles have been explored, by derivatizing 5-acetyl benzimidazoles previously reported by us, thereby evaluating the influence of the modification on the antiviral activity. Compounds <b>6</b>, <b>8</b>, <b>16</b> and <b>17</b>, bearing the 5-(thio)semicarbazone and 5-hydrazone functionalities in combination with the 2-benzyl ring on the benzimidazole core structure, acted as dual inhibitors of influenza A virus and human coronavirus. For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), activity is limited to the 5-thiosemicarbazone (<b>25</b>) and 5-hydrazone (<b>22</b>) compounds carrying the 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazole scaffold. These molecules proved to be the most effective antiviral agents, able to reach the potency profile of the licensed drug ribavirin. The molecular docking analysis explained the SAR of these compounds around their binding mode to the target RSV F protein, revealing the key contacts for further assessment. The herein-investigated benzimidazole-based derivatives may represent valuable hit compounds, deserving subsequent structural improvements towards more efficient antiviral agents for the treatment of pathologies caused by these human respiratory viruses.
High field characteristics of thin film metal electrodes relevant to field emission displays (2002)

For large-area FED operation, it is necessary to use spacers between the anode and cathode to prevent collapse caused by a differential pressure of at least one atmosphere. These spacers must be mechanically strong enough and have a high breakdown voltage. The higher the voltage the spacer can withstand the greater will be the brightness and contrast of the FED. In order to determine the theoretical limit to which spacers can be stressed in a vacuum gap, the high field characteristics of the plain vacuum thin film electrodes, between which the spacers are placed, must be investigated. In this study, the FEA cathode and the phosphor anode are represented by thin-film metal electrodes. This paper will address issues related to the prebreakdown and breakdown characteristics of metal thin film micrometric gaps. The results presented here can be used to define the theoretical limits to which plain vacuum gaps can be stressed in FEDs.
Regulation of outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) A and F, during hlyF-induced outer-membrane vesicle (OMV) biosynthesis (2019)

The regulatory effects of the newly described outer-membrane vesicle biosynthesis-related gene, <i>hlyF</i>, on <i>E. coli</i> has not previously been investigated. As <i>hlyF</i>-induced vesicles contain OmpA and OmpF scavenged from the bacterial outer-membrane, potential regulatory effects on the host was investigated. An increase in <i>ompA</i> expression and an insignificant decrease in <i>ompF</i> expression was observed during <i>hlyF</i> induction demonstrating that <i>hlyF</i>-related biosynthesis is not related to decreased <i>ompA</i> expression, which is one of the potential mechanisms discussed in literature for biosynthesis. Outer-membrane vesicle biosynthesis during <i>hlyF</i> over-expression could potentially be accomplished through a different mechanism(s).
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Atomic Layer Deposition Using Trimethylaluminum and Water at 125 °C (2009)

Al(2)O(3) atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth with Al(CH(3))(3) (trimethylaluminum (TMA)) and H(2)O as the reactants was examined at the relatively low temperature of 125 degrees C using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. The total Al(2)O(3) ALD mass gain per cycle (MGPC) and MGPCs during the individual TMA and H(2)O reactions were measured versus TMA and H(2)O exposures. The Al(2)O(3) MGPC increased with increasing H(2)O and TMA exposures at fixed TMA and H(2)O exposures, respectively. However, the TMA and H(2)O reactions were not completely self-limiting. The slower surface reaction kinetics at lower temperature may require very long exposures for the reactions to reach completion. The Al(2)O(3) MGPCs increased quickly versus H(2)O exposure and slowly reached limiting values that were only weakly dependent on the TMA doses. Small TMA exposures were also sufficient for the Al(2)O(3) MGPCs to reach different limiting values for different H(2)O doses. The TMA MGPCs increased for higher TMA exposures at all H(2)O exposures. In contrast, the H(2)O MGPCs decreased for higher TMA exposures at all H(2)O exposures. This decrease may occur from more dehydroxylation at larger hydroxyl coverages after the H(2)O exposures. The hydroxyl coverage after the H(2)O exposure was dependent only on the H(2)O exposure. The Al(2)O(3) MGPC was also linearly dependent on the hydroxyl coverage after the H(2)O dose. Both the observed hydroxyl coverage versus H(2)O exposure and the Al(2)O(3) ALD growth versus H(2)O and TMA exposures were fit using modified Langmuir adsorption isotherm expressions where the pressures are replaced with exposures. These results should be useful for understanding low-temperature Al(2)O(3) ALD, which is important for coating organic, polymeric, and biological substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of the Biological Activity of Combinatorial Compound Libraries by a Genetic Algorithm. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Foot and mouth disease virus polyepitope protein produced in bacteria and plants induces protective immunity in guinea pigs (2011)

The goal of this project was to develop an alternative foot and mouth disease (FMD) vaccine candidate based on a recombinant protein consisting of efficient viral epitopes. A recombinant gene was designed that encodes B-cell epitopes of proteins VP1 and VP4 and T-cell epitopes of proteins 2C and 3D. The polyepitope protein (H-PE) was produced in E. coli bacteria or in N. benthamiana plants using a phytovirus expression system. The methods of extraction and purification of H-PE proteins from bacteria and plants were developed. Immunization of guinea pigs with the purified H-PE proteins induced an efficient immune response against foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O/Taiwan/99 and protection against the disease. The polyepitope protein H-PE can be used as a basis for developing a new recombinant vaccine against FMD.
Kinetic Investigations of Reactions with Maleic Anhydride Copolymers and Model Compounds (1987)

Abstract Alternating copolymers that contain maleic anhydride (MAn) as a component occur in two different stereochemical configurations which are differentiated by their reactivity. Model compounds, 2, 3-dialkylsuccinic acids and their anhydrides, were investigated and it was demonstrated that there is a distinct difference between threo and erythro configurations in their chemical and physical behavior. Both configurations also occur in the alternating copolymers. Beside the model compounds, the alternating copolymers ethylene-MAn, propylene-MAn, and styrene-MAn were investigated in their reactions with amines, alcohols, and water (hydrolysis). The cis configurations showed the higher reaction rates. Reactions of the anhydride moieties with equimolar amounts of aniline, ethanol, and water demonstrated that reactions follow second-order rate laws. With excess reactant, the reaction follows a pseudo-first-order rate law. The rate constants depend on the degree of polymerization and on the comonomer. Increasing steric hindrance and molecular weight lead to a decrease of the reaction rate. Catalysis of the hydrolysis reaction by tertiary amines results in similar rate constants for the configurations of the substituted succinic acid anhydrides. The reasons are discussed.