gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-1<i>β</i>- and IL-4-induced down-regulation of autotaxin mRNA and PC-1 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (2001)

Autotaxin (ATX) is a 125-kD ectonucleotide pyrophosphate/phosphodiesterase, which was initially isolated and cloned from human melanoma cells as a potent stimulator of tumour cell motility. ATX shows 44% identity to the plasma cell membrane marker PC-1. Recently, we described the decreased expression of ATX mRNA in cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (SFC) of patients with RA by interferon-gamma. In this study using a competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we show an increased ATX mRNA expression in SFC from patients with RA in comparison with synoviocytes from non-RA patients. The median ATX mRNA amount in SFC of RA patients (440 pg/microg total RNA) was five-fold higher than the expression in synoviocytes from non-RA patients (80 pg/microg total RNA) or foreskin fibroblasts (MRHF cells, 90 pg/microg total RNA). In contrast to the elevated ATX mRNA expression in SFC of patients with RA, we did not measure increased mRNA amounts of PC-1 in these cells. Both the ATX mRNA amount and the 5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity of SFC lysate were reduced after treatment of SFC with the cytokines IL-1beta or IL-4. IL-1beta and IL-4 induced a down-regulation of PC-1 mRNA and protein expression in SFC. In SFC treated with transforming growth factor-beta the expression of PC-1 mRNA and protein was increased, whereas no significant effect on ATX mRNA expression was detectable. Pharmacological drugs used in therapy for RA, such as dexamethasone, cyclosporin, methotrexate and indomethacin, did not show a statistically significant effect on either ATX mRNA or PC-1 mRNA expression. Only pentoxifylline suppressed ATX mRNA as well as PC-1 mRNA expression. In conclusion, we show a tight regulation of ATX and PC-1 gene expression by cytokines detectable in the inflamed tissue of RA. Further investigations will deal with the regulation of ATX protein expression as well as with the function of ATX in RA.
Uric Acid in Anopheles Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae): Effects of Collarless, Stripe, and White Mutations (1996)

Anopheles mosquito larvae and pupae often have a layer of white pigment visible beneath the transparent cuticle on the dorsum of the abdomen and thorax. This pigment occurs in granules that are highly concentrated in ameboid-shaped cells of the parietal fat body. Mutations that affect the pattern or abundance, or both, of this pigment in A. albimanus Wiedemann and A. gambiae Giles are characterized by differences in the abundance of uric acid, whose levels range from 1.86 to 3.13 μg per larvae in individuals of 4 phenotypes having white pigmentation. Uric acid concentrations are higher in A. albimanus stripe+ individuals which also have the most prominent white pigment. Two other mutants, A. gambiae collarless and A. albimanus white eye, contain no detectable uric acid nor any white pigment. None of the mutants examined has reduced xanthine dehydrogenase activity nor altered XDH electrophoretic mobility. We suggest that the prominent white pigment is precipitated uric acid contained within specialized fat-body cells similar to urocytes. We discuss the genetic basis of mutants affecting uric acid deposition, and the pleiotropic effects of the eye-color mutations such as white.
Description and Efficacy of PASAR Algorithms (1985)

An automatic, fully implantable, scanning pacemaker was developed and has been used for tachycardia termination in man. Since January 1982, 22 patients have had this pacemaker implanted at St Bartholomew’s Hospital and over 125 devices have been used throughout the world. Clinical results have been encouraging, especially with the second generation device.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON NITRATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. VI. NITRATION OF SUBSTITUTED BENZENES WITH NITRIC ACID IN THE PRESENCE OF ION‐EXCHANGE RESINS (1983)

Abstract Die Nitrierung von Toluol mit Salpetersäure in Gegenwart von sauren Ionenaustauschern wie Nafion 50l , Amberlyst 15 und Dowex 50w begünstigt eine Nitrierung in para‐Stellung.
ANALYSIS OF LABOUR ACCIDENTS DUE TO ROCK FALL EVENTS IN CUTTING FACE OF TUNNEL AND STUDY OF THE COUNTERMEASURES FOR SAFETY (2011)

本論文ではトンネル切羽の肌落ちにより発生した死傷災害を調査し，その発生状況を分析した．山岳トンネルでは，装薬や支保工の建て込みに際して作業員が切羽に接近して作業するが，多くの災害はそのような作業時に発生している傾向が見られた．また，肌落ちした岩塊の大きさは0.6m角程度と比較的小さいことから，肌落ち・落石災害防止対策として，切羽変位計測，十分な照度の確保，鏡吹付，導水・さぐり削孔といったソフト・ハード両面からの対策を提示した．
The Catalytic Activity of Proline Racemase:  A Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical Study (2007)

The enzyme proline racemase from the eukaryotic parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (responsible for endemic Chagas disease) catalyzes the reversible stereoinversion of chiral Calpha in proline. We employed a new combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) potential to study the reaction mechanism of the enzyme. Three critical points were found: two almost isoenergetic minima (M1a and M2a), in which the enzyme is bound to L- and D-Pro, respectively, and a transition state (TSCa), unveiling a highly asynchronous concerted process. A systematic analysis was performed on the optimized geometries to point out the key role played by some residues in stabilizing the transition state.
Energy Aware Iterative Source Localization for Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

In this paper, the source localization problem in wireless sensor networks is investigated where the location of the source is estimated based on the quantized measurements received from sensors in the field. An energy efficient iterative source localization scheme is proposed where the algorithm begins with a coarse location estimate obtained from measurement data from a set of anchor sensors. Based on the available data at each iteration, the posterior probability density function (pdf) of the source location is approximated using an importance sampling based Monte Carlo method and this information is utilized to activate a number of non-anchor sensors. Two sensor selection metrics namely the mutual information and the posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound (PCRLB) are employed and their performance compared. Further, the approximate posterior pdf of the source location is used to compress the quantized data of each activated sensor using distributed data compression techniques. Simulation results show that with significantly less computation, the PCRLB based iterative sensor selection method achieves similar mean squared error (MSE) performance as compared to the state-of-the-art mutual information based sensor selection method. By selecting only the most informative sensors and compressing their data prior to transmission to the fusion center, the iterative source localization method reduces the communication requirements significantly and thereby results in energy savings.
Effects of<i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>Infection on the Molting Success of<i>Ixodes scapularis</i>(Acari: Ixodidae) Larvae (2004)

We assessed the effects of sympatric (occupying the same or overlapping geographic areas) and allopatric (occurring in separate geographic areas) isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum on the survival of Ixodes scapularis Say larvae that were derived from ticks collected in Bridgeport, CT. Seven isolates of A. phagocytophilum, originating from different geographic regions of the United States, were tested: four isolates from the northeast (Bridgeport, Dawson, Gaillard, and NY-8), two from the Midwest (Webster and Sp-Is), and one from California (MRK). BALB/c mice were infected with each of the seven isolates via exposure to infected I. scapularis nymphs, whereas uninfected nymphs fed upon control mice. Both infected and control mice were infested with uninfected larvae at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 9 wk after nymphal infestation. The molting success in cohorts of infected and uninfected ticks was calculated as the percentage of larvae successfully molting into nymphal stage, and the prevalence of infection in molted nymphs was determined by polymerase chain reaction. In ticks that became infected with the Bridgeport or Sp-Is isolates, the molting success decreased with an increase in the prevalence of infection. Ticks that fed upon mice infected with six allopatric isolates (Dawson, Gaillard, NY-8, Sp-Is, Webster, and MRK) showed significantly lower levels of survival than those fed upon control mice, regardless of the prevalence of infection, whereas in ticks fed upon mice infected with a sympatric isolate (Bridgeport), the overall molting success was similar to the control. Thus, some but not all of the A. phagocytophilum isolates have adverse effects on ticks. Ticks exposed to harmful isolates may experience higher levels of bacterial metabolism, and/or reduced quality of their blood meal, thereby reducing their survival. Noted differences between isolates may be due to the origin of a particular isolate and/or the degree of coadaptation between the pathogen and its vector on the population level.
Potential loss of unique genetic diversity in tomato landraces by genetic colonization of modern cultivars at a non‐center of origin (2008)

Abstract We report the genetic diversity of tomato landraces from Myanmar, with reference to worldwide tomato accessions. Ten simple sequence repeat markers were screened and used to create diversity profiles of tomato germplasm. A total of 133 alleles were amplified from the germplasm investigated; alleles specific to landraces from Myanmar were also observed. Higher genetic diversity for the Myanmar landraces highlighted the broad genetic base of tomato germplasm. Principal component analysis showed that most of the Myanmar landraces were divergent from other accessions. The different approaches used to analyse landrace diversity documented the broader genetic base of germplasm from Myanmar, which is a non‐center of origin for tomato. Genetic diversity in the landraces may be attributable to diverse production systems used by different ethnic groups in Myanmar, ranging from natural hydroponics in eastern areas, to slash‐and‐burn fields in mountain areas and shifting cultivation in many parts of the country. The availability of uniform and high‐yielding cultivars/hybrids threatens the valuable landraces in Myanmar. We emphasize the need to evaluate tomato germplasm from Myanmar for different traits and sustainable use with simultaneous conservation.
Mapping the base of sand dunes using a new design of land-streamer for static correction applications (2012)

The complex near-surface structure is a major problem in land seismic data. This is more critical when data acquisition takes place over sand dune surfaces, where the base of the sand acts as a trap for energy and, depending on its shape, can considerably distort conventionally acquired seismic data. Estimating the base of the sand dune surface can help model the sand dune and reduce its harmful influence on conventional seismic data. Among the current methods to do so are drilling upholes and using conventional seismic data to apply static correction. Both methods have costs and limitations. For upholes, the cost factor and their inability to provide a continuous model is well realized. Meanwhile, conventional seismic data lack the resolution necessary to obtain accurate modeling of the sand basement. We developed a method to estimate the sand base from land-streamer seismic acquisition that is developed and geared to sand surfaces. Seismic data acquisition took place over a sand surface in the Al-Thumamah area, where an uphole is located, using the developed land-streamer and conventional spiked geophone systems. Land-streamer acquisition not only provides a more efficient data acquisition system than the conventional spiked geophone approach, but also in our case, the land-streamer provided better quality data with a broader frequency bandwidth. Such data enabled us to do accurate near-surface velocity estimation that resulted in velocities that are very close to those measured using uphole methods. This fact is demonstrated on multiple lines acquired near upholes, and agreement between the seismic velocities and the upholes is high. The stacked depth seismic section shows three layers. The interface between the first and second layers is located at 7 m depth, while the interface between second and third layers is located at 68 m depth, which agrees with the uphole result.
Multi-Dimensional Interference Rejection & Target Detection in Early Warning Airborne Radar (2001)

Abstract : A study of the effects of mutual coupling and non-homogeneous data on the performance of adaptive algorithms (both covariance matrix based and least squared error) for Space Time Adaptive Processing (STAP). This effort addresses some of the issues in applying adaptive processing to real world, measured, data, by looking at the performance of two approaches: the JDL and D3 algorithms. Section 1.0 is an Introduction to the material in this report. Section 2.0 is a detailed analysis of the issue of mutual coupling and near field scattering. The section presents examples to illustrate the impact of mutual coupling on both D3 and statistical algorithms. Section 3.0 discusses the issues of non-homogeneous data, the use of a non-homogeneity detection and direct domain processing in non-homogeneous conditions.
Cross, John Walter, [1889, 1895, 1901] May 15 (1889)

Year changed from [1878] to [1889, 1895, 1901] - PW 12/21/2008; PW to update (no hard copy at the CHJS) (comment)
Phosphoramidon Potentiates the Increase in Lung Resistance Mediated by Tachykinins in Guinea Pigs (1988)

This study was designed to evaluate the role of endogenous enkephalinase in regulating bronchoconstrictor responses in guinea pigs. We evaluated the effects of phosphoramidon, an enkephalinase inhibitor, on the increases in lung resistance (RL) caused by exogenous substance P and inhaled capsaicin (an agent thought to provoke bronchoconstriction in guinea pigs by stimulating the release of tachykinins from afferent nerve endings). In 6 of 6 animals, phosphoramidon potentiated the substance P-induced increase in RL (RL increased 380 +/- 100% [mean +/- SEM] before phosphoramidon and 1,300 +/- 400% afterward, p less than 0.025). In 4 of 4 animals, the repeated administration of a single dose of substance P after saline did not result in potentiation of the increase in RL caused by substance P. Similarly, in 6 animals exposed to inhaled capsaicin, phosphoramidon significantly increased capsaicin responsiveness when compared to 6 capsaicin-exposed animals not treated with phosphoramidon. Phosphoramidon-induced augmentation of the airway responsiveness to substance P and to capsaicin was not simply the result of a nonspecific increase in airway smooth muscle responsiveness because phosphoramidon failed to potentiate the bronchoconstrictor response to inhaled acetylcholine. These results suggest the enkephalinase plays an important role in modulating in vivo bronchoconstrictor responses to substance P in guinea pigs. Therefore, alterations in enkephalinase activity could contribute to in vivo alterations in bronchoconstrictor responsiveness.
Single‐Molecule Protein Encapsulation in a Rigid DNA Cage (2006)

Hinter Gittern: Ein einzelnes Molekül des Proteins Cytochrom c wurde in einem starren tetraedrischen DNA-Käfig eingesperrt (siehe Bild). Im zentralen Hohlraum sollte Platz für eine Kugel mit etwa 2.6 nm Radius sein, z. B. für ein 60 kDa schweres globuläres Protein (Mr von Cytochrom c: 12.4 kDa). Der Befund belegt das Potenzial von DNA-Behältern als Wirkstofftransportsysteme.
Disruption of IFT Complex A Causes Cystic Kidneys without Mitotic Spindle Misorientation (2012)

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes A and B build and maintain primary cilia. In the mouse, kidney-specific or hypomorphic mutant alleles of IFT complex B genes cause polycystic kidneys, but the influence of IFT complex A proteins on renal development is not well understood. In the present study, we found that HoxB7-Cre-driven deletion of the complex A gene Ift140 from collecting ducts disrupted, but did not completely prevent, cilia assembly. Mutant kidneys developed collecting duct cysts by postnatal day 5, with rapid cystic expansion and renal dysfunction by day 15 and little remaining parenchymal tissue by day 20. In contrast to many models of polycystic kidney disease, precystic Ift140-deleted collecting ducts showed normal centrosomal positioning and no misorientation of the mitotic spindle axis, suggesting that disruption of oriented cell division is not a prerequisite to cyst formation in these kidneys. Precystic collecting ducts had an increased mitotic index, suggesting that cell proliferation may drive cyst expansion even with normal orientation of the mitotic spindle. In addition, we observed significant increases in expression of canonical Wnt pathway genes and mediators of Hedgehog and tissue fibrosis in highly cystic, but not precystic, kidneys. Taken together, these studies indicate that loss of Ift140 causes pronounced renal cystic disease and suggest that abnormalities in several different pathways may influence cyst progression.
Microstructure and Properties of Cast Iron by Semi-Solid Die Casting Process (1996)

Semi-solid cast irons were pressure-cast by using vertical and horizontal die casting machines. Series of experiments were carried out on flaky graphite cast irons. In the rheocasting method, semi-solid slurry (fraction solid is about 0.2) was subjected to the vertical die casting machine. Flat plates of 6 mm thick were produced. Surface quality, microstructure of product and die temperature were investigated. The reduction of heat shock of the die was also ensured. In the thixocasting method, as the raw materials, sand mold cast irons were heated to have a solid fraction of 0.2 and then die cast. Flat plates of 6mm thick were produced. The microstructure obtained after die casting was found to be primary austenite (ferrite and pearlite at room temperature) distributing in the structure and it was also found that the liquid phase section became austenite-cementite eutectic. When this eutectic was heat-treated, the cementite shortly changed to fine graphite spheres. The mechanical properties of the tested cast irons were improved by die casting and post heat treatment.
Analysis of the ZR Vacuum Insulator Stack (2005)

Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) is developing ZR, a 26-MA driver for z-pinch experiments, by replacing most of the pulsed power hardware presently on Z with hardware of a new design. The accelerator was modeled using the transmission line code, Bertha, to determine the time-dependent voltage and current waveforms between stages in each of 36 modules. Bertha is an NRL-developed transmission line code. The design of the vacuum insulator stack was dictated by the drive voltages on each of four levels, the electric field stresses on the grading rings, insulator rings, and A-K rings, the field grading on each level, the interface requirements of the water lines and magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs), and the machine operations and maintenance requirements. The electrostatic analysis codes, ELECTRO (2D/RS) and MAXWELL (3D), were used to optimize the shape of the grading rings, insulator rings, anode and cathode conductors, and the MITL anode and cathode flares. The dynamic 3D computer codes, QUICKSILVER and EMPHASIS/NEVADA were used to optimize the designs of the stack interface at the MITL and water convolute connections, respectively. This paper will describe the insulator stack design and present the results of the electrostatic analyses.
Sleep Problems in Relation to Smoking and Alcohol Use in Chinese Adolescents (2017)

This study examined sleep patterns and sleep problems in relation to smoking and alcohol use in Chinese adolescents. A questionnaire survey of 2090 adolescent students was conducted in Lijin County, Shandong, China. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. After adjustment for demographics and internalizing and externalizing problems, poor sleep quality was associated with increased risk of smoking (odds ratio [OR], 2.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24-5.40), alcohol use (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 2.81-3.89), and getting drunk (OR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.72-4.57); sleeping 7 hours (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.20-2.43) and sleeping 6 hours or less per night on weekdays (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.25-3.10) were significantly associated with increased risk for alcohol use, and sleeping 6 hours or less per night on weekends (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.18-3.70) were significantly associated with increased risk for getting drunk; and hypnotic medication use was significantly associated with ever smoking (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.08-2.99). These findings highlight the potential role of sleep intervention in the prevention of adolescent substance use.
MAGIC Database and interfaces: an integrated package for gene discovery and expression: Conference Reviews (2004)

The rapidly increasing rate at which biological data is being produced requires a corresponding growth in relational databases and associated tools that can help laboratories contend with that data. With this need in mind, we describe here a Modular Approach to a Genomic, Integrated and Comprehensive (MAGIC) Database. This Oracle 9i database derives from an initial focus in our laboratory on gene discovery via production and analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and subsequently on gene expression as assessed by both EST clustering and microarrays. The MAGIC Gene Discovery portion of the database focuses on information derived from DNA sequences and on its biological relevance. In addition to MAGIC SEQ-LIMS, which is designed to support activities in the laboratory, it contains several additional subschemas. The latter include MAGIC Admin for database administration, MAGIC Sequence for sequence processing as well as sequence and clone attributes, MAGIC Cluster for the results of EST clustering, MAGIC Polymorphism in support of microsatellite and single-nucleotide-polymorphism discovery, and MAGIC Annotation for electronic annotation by BLAST and BLAT. The MAGIC Microarray portion is a MIAME-compliant database with two components at present. These are MAGIC Array-LIMS, which makes possible remote entry of all information into the database, and MAGIC Array Analysis, which provides data mining and visualization. Because all aspects of interaction with the MAGIC Database are via a web browser, it is ideally suited not only for individual research laboratories but also for core facilities that serve clients at any distance. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impeded progression of Friend disease in mice by an inhibitor of retroviral proteases. (1993)

The protease of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is essential for the processing of GAG and POL polyproteins and maturation of the virus particles. Using recombinant protease and a truncated GAG polyprotein as substrate, we developed a Western blot assay for the evaluation of inhibitors of the enzyme. Two statine-based inhibitors of the enzyme, KH161 and KH164, were effective in blocking the replication of HIV-1 in acutely infected human T4 lymphoid cells, with potency approaching that of zidovudine (ZDV) when tested in parallel. In chronically infected cells, the production of infectious virus was inhibited by KH161 and KH164, while ZDV was ineffective. Both KH161 and KH164 were also active as antivirals against the replication of murine leukemia virus (MLV) in cultured mouse cells. In an animal model of a murine retroviral disease, KH164 was shown to inhibit in a dose-dependent manner the progression of the disease induced by Friend virus complex (a mixture of Friend MLV and spleen focus-forming virus). The results suggest that the progression of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) may be impeded by inhibitors of HIV-1 protease.