gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Far-infrared absorption spectra of water, ammonia, and chloroform calculated from instantaneous normal mode theory (1997)

Instantaneous normal mode (INM) theory was used to calculate absolute far-infrared absorption spectra of water, ammonia, and chloroform. Three procedures for weighting the INM density of states to yield absorption intensities were tested against spectra based on dipole time correlation functions generated from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Weighting method I, which utilizes only the rotational character of a mode in determining its contribution to absorption, performed slightly better than method II, a more exact treatment which incorporates the extent to which a mode is IR-active. Method III, which includes the contributions of induced dipoles, was successful in describing the influence of induced dipoles on the far-infrared spectra of the model liquids. The contribution to absorption of unstable modes with imaginary frequencies was found to be significant at low frequencies, and was treated by a simple approximation. Agreement between INM theory and the MD analysis was quite good for chloroform and ammonia, but less so for water. Agreement with experimental data in the range of 4–100 cm−1 was generally poor, but no worse than that for the MD calculations, primarily reflecting the simple intermolecular potentials used rather than the computational method itself.
Spuk im September (1990)

Als ich vorgestern von einer Reise zurückkam, lag in meinem Briefkasten eine Pressemeldung der Britisch Tourist Authority. «A country noted for the variety of its ghostly inhabitants», stand darin über mein Gastland. Touristenwerbung mit Gespenstern. Und mit was für Gespenstern! Von zweien, die sich duellieren, las ich zum Beispiel; und auch von der Kutsche einer Königin, die von vier Pferden ohne Kopf gezogen wird. Die Kutsche soll jeweils unterwegs sein am Tag, an dem Anne Boleyn hingerichtet wurde.
CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 involvement in the primary oxidative metabolism of hydrocodone by human liver microsomes (2004)

The O-demethylation of hydrocodone is predominantly catalyzed by CYP2D6 and to a lesser extent by an unknown low affinity cytochrome p450 enzyme. Norhydrocodone formation was attributed to CYP3A4. Comparison of recalculated published clearance data for hydrocodone, with those predicted in the present work, indicate that about 40% of the clearance of hydrocodone is via non-CYP pathways. Our data also suggest that the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2D6 may influence hydrocodone metabolism and its therapeutic efficacy.
Introduction: An Overview (1993)

In the autumn of 1980, having been granted a year-long leave of absence from Dartmouth College, I arrived in Washington, D.C., at the offices of the United States Federal Trade Commission Line of Business (FTC LB) Program. As a visiting research economist, I was granted access to the program's confidential data describing in unprecedented detail the diversification of the United States' largest manufacturing firms. After roughly a decade of working, first as an in-house economist and then as an outside consultant, with the FTC's remarkable data. I decided to bring together my observations about the FTC LB reporters' diversified activities. This book is the result. In the book, I introduce and apply methodology that discerns groups of manufacturing industries that are related because of complementarities in production, marketing, distribution, and research and development (R&D) activities. Manufacturing firms purposively diversify to exploit such complementarities, and I explore hypotheses about that behavior – i.e., purposive diversification – and ensuing economic performance. The book studies product diversification's effects on both static allocative efficiency and the optimality of R&D investment.
A new cellular architecture based on an interleaved cluster concept (1999)

Personal communications services (PCSs) and future broad-band wireless systems are and will continue to be driven mainly by three challenging objectives: high-spectrum reuse efficiency, high-quality channels, and low infrastructure costs. We propose a new interleaved narrow-beam trisector cell (INBTC) architecture with a newly developed interleaved channel assignment (ICA) scheme to achieve these three objectives. Originating from the ICA scheme, we introduce the concept of interleaved cluster, within which a channel set can be assigned more than once. The INBTC architecture with interleaved clusters can enhance the performance of cellular/PCS systems from several perspectives. We demonstrate that to achieve high-spectrum efficiency, specifically in the range of reuse factors N=2-7, the INBTC system improves 3-5 dB at the 90th and 95th percentiles of signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) compared to conventional cellular systems. For a typical cellular environment, with a shadow fading standard deviation /spl sigma/=8 dB and an SIR requirement of 17 dB at the 90th percentile, the INBTC system can increase system capacity by 75% over current systems. Because the INBTC architecture can utilize the base-station equipment of current cellular/PCS systems, implementing it should be simple and carry no attendant infrastructure costs. Hence, the proposed INBTC system (the cell layout plus the channel assignment scheme) has significant potential value in future cellular/PCS systems, as well as in broad-band wireless applications.
THE ACTION OF SERUM FROM PARTIALLY HEPATECTOMIZED RATS ON EXPLANTS OF LIVER AND TUMORS. (1963)

Serum from rats after partial hepatectomy showed a stimulating action on liver explants. The magnitude of assimilation of inorganic phosphorus, which was added to the medium, was used as a measure of the phosphorylation activity. Very small metabolic changes could be determined by this method. The maximal stimulating action is found in serum obtained from blood samples drawn 48 hours after partial resection of the liver. The same serum produced striking inhibition of phosphorylation when added to the medium of solid tumor explants or to suspended ascitic tumor cells. Even permanent strains of tumor cultures were inhibited in their phosphorus incorporation by the addition of serum from partially hepatectomized animals. An inhibition of tumor growth by serum from partially hepatectomized rats had never been observed in vivo . This different action of serum from partially hepatectomized animals on liver and tumor seems to indicate essential metabolic differences between these tissues.
Meta-analysis shows strong positive association of the neuregulin 1 ( NRG1 ) gene with schizophrenia (2006)

Chromosome 8p22-p11 has been identified as a locus for schizophrenia in several genome-wide scans and confirmed by meta-analysis of published linkage data. Systematic fine mapping using extended Icelandic pedigrees identified an associated haplotype in the gene neuregulin 1 (NRG1), also known as heuregulin, glial growth factor, NDF43 and ARIA. A 290 kb core at risk haplotype at the 5' end of the gene (HAP(ICE)), defined by five SNPs and two microsatellite polymorphisms was found to be associated with schizophrenia in the Icelandic and Scottish populations. A number of subsequent independent studies have attempted to replicate the association, and while some have been successful, the associated haplotype is not always HAP(ICE). Furthermore, no obviously functional or pathogenic variants have been identified, and the relationship between the gene and schizophrenia has remained inconclusive. To reconcile these conflicting findings and to give a comprehensive picture of the genetic architecture of this important gene, we performed a meta-analysis of 13 published population-based and family-based association studies up to November 2005. We analysed data from the SNP markers SNP8NRG241930, SNP8NRG243177, SNP8NRG221132 and SNP8NRG221533, and the microsatellite markers 478B14-848, 420M9-1395. Across these studies, strong positive association was found for all six polymorphisms. The haplotype analysis also showed significant association in the pooled international populations (OR=1.22, 95% CI 1.15-1.3, P=8 x 10(-10)). In Asian populations, the risk haplotype was focused around the two microsatellite markers, 478B14-848, 420M9-1395 (haplotype block B), and in Caucasian populations with the remaining four SNP markers (haplotype block A). This meta-analysis supports the involvement of NRG1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, but with association between two different but adjacent haplotypes blocks in the Caucasian and Asian populations.
Estimation of agitator flow shear rate (2006)

Abstract Laboratory laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements were conducted to measure the shear rate coefficient K S of a range of impellers. Equations correlating K S with N Q (flow number) are provided for axial flow and radial flow impellers. Theoretical formulations based on the classic boundary layer theory are developed to estimate the shear rate at the blade surface. Calculations show that the shear rates at the blade surface are many orders of magnitude higher than those in the flow at the impeller outlet. The software code XFOIL was used to illustrate typical distributions of the shear rates along the blade surfaces. Effects of viscosity, non‐Newtonian shear‐thinning index, agitator design, and scale‐up on shear rates are illustrated. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Short Circuit Location in Transformer Winding Using Deep Learning of Its Frequency Responses (2019)

A turn-to-turn short circuit fault is One of the most important defects in transformer windings that is most difficult to diagnosis. Degradation decreases impedances of inter-turn insulations that finally may lead to a solid turn-to-turn short circuit. In this paper, early detection of turn-to-turn faults in transformers windings has been studied, in its high-impedance stage, using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based on extracting features from frequency response traces. For this purpose, a model winding has been used as test object to approve capability of the proposed approach. A variety of low impedance and high impedance short circuit faults were tested on the model winding. The results show that this method is able to detect turn-to-turn faults in transformer winding even in their early stages.
A mixture Kalman filter approach for blind OFDM channel estimation (2005)

Blind adaptive estimation of time-frequency-selective fading channels in OFDM systems is studied. Based on the Jakes' model, the channel state is modeled as an autoregressive (AR) process. The post-DFT data gives the observation of the channel state. If training symbols are available, a Kalman filter (KF) can be employed to track the channel. In the absent of training symbols, it is proposed to use mixture Kalman filter (MKF) to blindly estimate the channel and information symbols jointly. In view of the high complexity of the MKF for jointly estimation of all subchannels, it is further proposed to use an MKF for each subchannel respectively. A minimum mean square error (MMSE) combiner is used to further refine the channel estimates from the MKFs. The persubchannel MKF explores the time-domain correlation of the channel, while the MMSE combiner explores the frequency-domain correlation. This two-step solution offers a performance comparable to the optimal solution.
The Physics of Flying Discs (2002)

I hope to clearly explain the physics of flying discs (commonly called Frisbees). After discussing the basic physics behind the problem, we will explore a few interesting details using ideas from class.
Humanism and society (2013)

Humanism has a lot to offer the world. It is not just an individual moral philosophy, although it includes such a philosophy. Nor is it just a political program, although it implies one. The theory of social humanism, which was developed in a book I published last year, is both a moral and a political philosophy. It is socially democratic, and morally and politically humanistic.
Path Computation Element (PCE) Communication Protocol Generic Requirements (2006)

The model is described in the PCE Architecture document and
facilitates path computation requests from Path Computation Clients
(PCCs) to Path Computation Elements (PCEs). This document specifies
generic requirements for a communication protocol between PCCs and
PCEs, and also between PCEs where cooperation between PCEs is
desirable. Subsequent documents will specify application-specific
requirements for the communication protocol. This memo provides
information for the Internet community.
Testicular germ cell tumours—a model for a new approach to treatment of adult solid tumours (1985)

Journal Article Testicular germ cell tumours—a model for a new approach to treatment of adult solid tumours Get access R T D Oliver R T D Oliver The London and St Bartholomew's Hospital Colleges and the Institute of Urology, London, UK Correspondence: Department of Medical Oncology, The London Hospital, Whitechapel London, E1 2AD UK. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Postgraduate Medical Journal, Volume 61, Issue 712, February 1985, Pages 123–131, https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.61.712.123 Published: 01 February 1985
Moral Judgement (1998)

Abstract This book is mainly concerned with first‐order morality (right and wrong) as distinct from second‐order morality (blameworthiness etc.). It is argued here that the agent's state of mind has nothing to do with the rightness/wrongness of his conduct, though the latter is affected by what the agent could know at the time of acting. At a deeper level, it depends on what consequences the behaviour in question makes probable. When some horrible consequence ensues through bad luck, we may have emotions that feel like blame, but they are really something different.
Doubly curved crystal (DCC) X-ray optics and applications (2002)

Doubly curved crystal (DCC) X-ray optics provide an enabling technology for new portable, remote, and in situ applications of monochromatic X-rays for composition and structure analysis of amorphous, polycrystalline, and crystalline solids. Femtogram sensitivity for surface contamination, parts-per-billion (ppb) impurity levels for solids, and composition, structure and uniformity of thin films with compact, low power (20–50 W) source optic combinations are possible.
[Comparative study of somatosensory evoked potentials, whole body computer tomography and myelography in spinal space-occupying lesions]. (1985)

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) of the tibial nerve are of diagnostic value, if the recording points nearest to the spinous process are used. In cases with space-occupying lesions of the spinal cord, conduction block or amplitude reduction is the most common abnormality. In contrast in inflammatory diseases like spinal MS the most common abnormality is marked latency delay.
The Encephalopathic Action of Five-carbon-atom Fatty Acids in the Rabbit (1976)

1. Five-carbon-atom organic acids (C-5 acids) have been administered intravenously to rabbits with ventriculocisternal perfusion and continuous electroencephalographic recording (EEG). The concentration of the acids in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) perfusate have been compared with changes in integrated low-frequency activity in the EEG. 2. The C-5 acids investigated were those accumulating in inborn errors of metabolism, i.e. isovaleric acid, beta-methylcrotonic acid, tiglic acid and alpha-keto- and alpha-hydroxy-isovaleric acid. There activity was compared with that of valeric acid. 3. Valeric acid and isovaleric acid produced coma and pronounced increase in slow-wave electrical activity and these changes paralleled the increase in concentration of the acids in the CSF perfusate. 4. The concentration of beta-methylcrotonic acid and tiglic acid in the CSF perfusate reached values comparable with valeric acid and isovaleric acid but showed less encephalopathic activity. An interaction between beta-methylcrotonic acid and isovaleric acid was observed. 5. Although the concentrations of alpha-ketoisovaleric acid and alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid rose to the lesser extent in the CSF perfusate, changes in rousability of the animal and in the EEG recording were demonstrated. 6. It is concluded that all the C-5 acids tested have encephalopathic activity although this is lessened by the presence of either a double bond or an oxygenated functional group.
The cartoon guide to genetics (1983)

Have you ever asked yourself: Are spliced genes the same as mended Levis? Watson and Crick? Aren't they a team of British detectives? Plant sex? Can they do that? Is Genetic Mutation the name of one of those heavy metal bands? Asparagine? Which of the four food groups is that in? Then you need The Cartoon Guide to Genetics to explain the important concepts of classical and modern genetics-it's not only educational, it's funny too!
Playfulness in Music: Orff and Wesley-Smith (2005)

The similarities between the writing of Australian composer Martin Wesley-Smith and Orff are discussed. Wesley-Smith's 'Flash' from 'Boojum!' and Orff's 'Carmina Burana' and 'Music for Children' are analytically compared for connections in rhythmic energy and playfulness in word setting and musical games.
Morphology and taxonomy of South African isolates of Colletotrichum (1983)

South African isolates of Colletotrichum Corda were examined in culture and on host material. The following eleven species are recognized: C. acutatum, C. coccodes, C. crassipes, C. dematium, C. destructivum, C. gloeosporioides, C. graminicola, C. lindemuthianum, C. musae, C. orbiculare and C. trifolii. A key for their identification is supplied. The taxonomic and nomenclatorial history of these species is discussed and their culture characteristics and morphology are fully described and illustrated. Culture characteristics are regarded as good taxonomic criteria while conidiophore structure and conidium development together with seta development and structure are regarded as less useful discriminatory characters. Appressorium dimensions and shape could be used to characterize only one species. Percurrent proliferation of some conidiogenous cells was observed in several species. Suid-Afrikaanse isolate van Colletotrichum Corda is in kultuur sowel as op gasheermateriaal bestudeer. Die volgende elf spesies word erken: C. acutatum, C. coccodes, C. crassipes, C. dematium, C. destructivum, C. gloeosporioides, C. graminicola, C. lindemuthianum, C. musae, C. orbiculare en C. trifolii. ’n Sleutel om hulle te identifiseer word voorsien. Die taksonomiese en nomenklatoriese geskiedenis van hierdie spesies word bespreek en hul kultuureienskappe en morfologie word volledig beskryf en geïllustreer. Kultuureienskappe word as ’n goeie taksonomiese kriterium beskou terwyl konidiofoorstruktuur en konidium ontwikkeling asook setumontwikkeling en -struktuur as minder bruikbare eienskappe bevind is. Appressorium afmetings en -vorm kon gebruik word om slegs een spesie uit te sonder. Herhalende proliferering van party konidiogene selle is by verskeie spesies waargeneem.
Did a Switch in Time Save Nine? (2010)

Franklin Delano Roosevelt's court-packing plan of 1937 and the “switch in time that saved nine” animate central questions of law, politics, and history. Did Supreme Court Justice Roberts abruptly switch votes in 1937 to avert a showdown with Roosevelt? Scholars disagree vigorously about whether Roberts's transformation was gradual and anticipated or abrupt and unexpected. Using newly collected data of votes from the 1931–1940 terms, we contribute to the historical understanding of this episode by providing the first quantitative evidence of Roberts's transformation. Applying modern measurement methods, we show that Roberts shifted sharply to the left in the 1936 term. The shift appears sudden and temporary. The duration of Roberts's shift, however, is in many ways irrelevant, as the long-term transformation of the Court is overwhelmingly attributable to Roosevelt's appointees.
Transmission line fault location for phase-to-earth fault using one-terminal data (1999)

An accurate algorithm for fault location of a single phase-to-earth fault on a two-parallel transmission line is presented. The faulted phase circuit and the zero-sequence circuit of the two-parallel line are used as a fault location model, in which the source impedance of the remote end is not involved. The algorithm effectively eliminates the effect of load flow and fault resistance on the accuracy of fault location. It embodies an accurate fault location by measuring only local data and is used in a procedure that provides the automatic determination of faulted types and phases, rather than requiring an engineer to specify them. Simulation results have demonstrated the validity of the algorithm under the condition of a phase-to-earth fault.
Flavonoids: Promising anticancer agents (2003)

Flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds that are ubiquitously in plants. They have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities at nontoxic concentrations in organisms. The role of dietary flavonoids in cancer prevention is widely discussed. Compelling data from laboratory studies, epidemiological investigations, and human clinical trials indicate that flavonoids have important effects on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. Many mechanisms of action have been identified, including carcinogen inactivation, antiproliferation, cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis and differentiation, inhibition of angiogenesis, antioxidation and reversal of multidrug resistance or a combination of these mechanisms. Based on these results, flavonoids may be promising anticancer agents.