gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron beam accessed silicon diode arrays for image sensing applications (1967)

A planar array of reverse biased silicon p-n diodes has been used as the image sensing element in a television camera tube. The optical image is focused onto the n-type substrate which is laterally homogeneous with a thickness typically in the rankle of 0.5 to 1.5 mils while the diode side is scanned by an electron beam, the electron optics being similar to that used in a conventional vidicon. Compared to the evaporated thin film photoconductive type of target used in the vidicon, the silicon diode array target has the following advantages: 1. It does not suffer from electron beam and optical "burn-in." 2. There is no photoconductive lag. 3. A high temperature bake can be used during vacuum processing. 4. It has a broader spectral response and a higher sensitivity.
C-109 Nanotechnology (2014)

Introduction: Unresolved challenges in the biomarker discovery and measurement field are (1) Early disease biomarkers exist in body fluids at a concentration below the detection limit of biomarker discovery and measurement platforms, (3) Proteins and peptides are masked by billion fold excess quantities of resident proteins such as immunoglobulin and albumin, and (3) Degradation and perishability of candidate biomarkers ex vivo following clinical sample collection, particularly for point of care collection, shipping and storage of biospecimens, and routine testing. Results and Conclusions: We created a new class of versatile multifunctional nanotechnology that addresses all of these challenges in 1 step. The technology is novel porous, buoyant, core-shell hydrogel nanoparticles containing novel high affinity reactive chemical baits that harvests biomarkers in body fluids. Upon contact with the sample, the suspended nanoparticles immediately affinity-sequester target biomarkers inside the particles, exclude albumin, fully protect the biomarkers from degradation (even at elevated temperatures), and massively concentrate the sequestered biomarkers into a small volume. The technology can dramatically (demonstrated up to 10,000 fold) improve the lower limits of detection and the precision of: (1) mass spectrometry (MS) biomarker discovery, (2) quantitation by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), or (3) quantification by any clinical grade immunoassay. The technology has been applied to biomarker discovery and high precision measurement of clinical analytes in all classes of body fluids including urine, saliva, sweat, and blood. We conducted blind validation of its performance precision, accuracy, sensitivity, and preservation capacity, in large well-controlled clinical plasma sample sets, under our CAP accredited Laboratory. Our nanotechnology was originated under NIH, NCI IMAT, and NIAMS program awards.
The CNP signal is able to silence a supra threshold neuronal model (2015)

Several experimental results published in the literature showed that weak pulsed magnetic fields affected the response of the central nervous system. However, the specific biological mechanisms that regulate the observed behaviors are still unclear and further scientific investigation is required. In this work we performed simulations on a neuronal network model exposed to a specific pulsed magnetic field signal that seems to be very effective in modulating the brain activity: the Complex Neuroelectromagnetic Pulse (CNP). Results show that CNP can silence the neurons of a feed-forward network for signal intensities that depend on the strength of the bias current, the endogenous noise level and the specific waveforms of the pulses. Therefore, it is conceivable that a neuronal network model responds to the CNP signal with an inhibition of its activity. Further studies on more realistic neuronal networks are needed to clarify if such an inhibitory effect on neuronal tissue may be the basis of the induced analgesia seen in humans and the antinociceptive effects seen in animals when exposed to the CNP.
An Intermediate Positive-Internegative System for Color Motion Picture Photography (1953)

A color printing system for motion pictures is outlined employing: Eastman Color Negative Safety Film, Type 5247; Eastman Separation Panchromatic Safety Film, Type 5216; Eastman Color Internegative Safety Film, Type 5243; and Eastman Color Print Safety Film, Type 5381. The sensitometric characteristics of the two intermediate materials are described. Some methods of using them and the problems involved in color registration printing are discussed.
Topologie du site actif des cytochromes p450 2c9 et 2c18: modélisation par homologie et mise au point de de substrats et inhibiteurs spécifiques du p450 2c18 (1998)

Les cytochromes p450 constituent une vaste famille de proteines heminiques impliquees dans la detoxification des organismes vivants. Chez l'homme ces proteines participent au metabolisme de produits exogenes, en particulier de medicaments. Il est donc important de connaitre leur mode de fonctionnement afin de prevoir d'eventuelles interactions medicamenteuses et de prevenir des accidents therapeutiques. Ce travail a eu pour but de determiner les caracteristiques de la sous-famille de p450 2c humains. L'un de ses membres, le p450 2c9, etait deja connu pour participer au metabolisme d'anti-inflammatoires non steroidiens d'usage courant et avait fait l'objet d'une etude approfondie a l'ura 400. Les trois autres membres de cette sous-famille, les p450 2c8, 2c18 et 2c9, etaient tres mal connus jusqu'alors. Le but de ce travail etait donc de determiner les specificites biochimiques et la topologie de sites actifs des autres p450 2c, ainsi que de preparer des substrats et inhibiteurs specifiques de chacune de ces isoformes suivant une methode prealablement utilisee dans le cas du p450 2c9. Les etudes realisees ont permis d'une part de caracteriser les cyrochromes p450 2c exprimes dans differentes souches de levure, d'autre part de montrer les criteres de reconnaissance suivis par le p450 2c18 et de preparer plusieurs substrats et inhibiteurs verifiant ces criteres et specifiques de ce p450, derivant de l'acide tienilique, du diclofenac ou du sulfaphenazole. La construction par homologie de modeles tridimensionnels de complexes enzyme-substrat nous a permis de proposer un mecanisme de reconnaissance des proprietes particulieres des substrats des p450 2c. Les hypotheses avancees permettent de rendre compte des differences de specificite de substrat en fonction du p450 2c considere.
Abstract 3903: AltaBluTM and Microfil 3D imaging of tumor vasculature. (2013)

Abstract As angiogenesis inhibitors have proven to be valuable agents in oncology there is a need to measure changes in vasculature for these and other related agents. Many of the angiogenesis inhibitors, though reducing tumor volume by reducing nutrient access to the tumor, do not always show decreased density of vasculature. This paradox, however, may be attributable to the difficulties of measuring the vasculature. One reason for this problem has been the heterogeneity of vessels in the tumor. With the ability to now scan 360o by 3D microCT imaging of the tumor, all image captured vessels can be measured. Another problem is the limitation of vessel size measured by microCT scanning resolution. Vessels smaller than ∼20 microns cannot be distinguished by size at scan parameters of 10 micron voxel resolution. In addition, agents used for imaging have their own limitations. Microfil is a polymer based radiopaque imaging reagent whereas AltaBlu is a proprietary formulation of a non-soluble radiopaque colloid suspension. For reasons not entirely clear, we do not believe Microfil enters capillaries since we have not observed it in the venous side of an arterial infusion. We believe AltaBluTM, can pass into smaller vessels since we have occasionally seen small amounts on the venous side, but these smaller vessels cannot be adequately measured in diameter by microCT scanning. We hypothesized that even though we may not be able to see smaller vessels by AltaBluTM, we might be able to see more of the smaller vessels due to improved reagent penetration and would therefore be more sensitive to changes in small vessel populations. Herein, we have compared perfusion of tumors via AltaBluTM and Microfil to determine the benefits/detractions of the various agents and used a variety of measuring parameters such as vessel radius, average vessel length, vessel density, tortuosity, and vessel branching factors in AltaViewerTM software to determine the sensitivity of each agent to vascular imaging. Citation Format: Daniel Small, David Weinstein, Christine O'Day, Glenn Knitter, Naveen Ouellette, Liane Pinkos, Sergio X. Vasquez, Neha Shah. AltaBluTM and Microfil 3D imaging of tumor vasculature. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3903. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3903
Antigen‐presenting cell‐derived signals determine expression levels of CD70 on‘qc primed T cells (1997)

Interaction between CD27 and its ligand CD70 provides a second signal for T-cell proliferation and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production. Whereas CD27 is broadly expressed during T-cell development, expression of CD70 in vivo is restricted. To determine when CD27 CD70 interactions can occur in immune reactions, we here analysed the regulation of CD70 expression on activated T cells. Mitogenic stimulation of purified T cells with either immobilized CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) or a combination of CD2 mAb induces only low levels of CD70 membrane expression. Markedly expression of the CD27-ligand is strongly enhanced by antigen-presenting cells (APC) and APC-associated signals such as interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). IL-12, TNF-alpha and CD28-ligation. In contrast, T-cell derived cytokines, such as IL-4, counteract CD70 up-regulation on activated T cells. Analysis of the small subset of circulating CD70+ T cells revealed that these cells have a primed phenotype as they express CD45RO and HLA-DR antigens and are in high frequency able to secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). We conclude that T-T interactions involving CD27 and CD70 are likely to occur relatively early in immune reactions, after productive T-cell priming by APC and that expression of CD70 on circulating T cells is a reflection of recent priming by antigen.
Formation of Microline Images (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Olof Bryngdahl, "Formation of Microline Images," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 60, 1526-1527 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Antimalarial agents. III. Bis[p-(3-sydnonyl)phenyl] sulfone (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimalarial agents. III. Bis[p-(3-sydnonyl)phenyl] sulfoneIvan C. Popoff and Gopal H. SinghalCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 4, 886–887Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00310a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00310a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Kinetic Solar Panels: A Transformative and Expandable Geometric System for Photovoltaic Structures (2012)

<p>This paper focuses on the applications of geometrically transformable and expandable structures with deployed "energy production mode" and "retracted wind shedding" mode to replace the fixed photovoltaic (PV) panels and racking systems currently used in buildings rooftop installations. The significance of this expandable geometric system relies on its embedded motion grammar, i.e. rotation and translation transformations, in the system. The research draws inspiration from reconfiguration of compound tree leaves in nature, and addresses issues of redesign and modeling challenges that led to digital fabrication of the prototype.</p>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Long‐Period Phosphorescence of ZnGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sup>2+</sup> Spinel. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of Supplemental Chromium on Production of Cytokines by Mitogen-Stimulated Bovine Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (1996)

This study determined whether supplementing the diets of dairy cows during the peripartum period with organic trivalent Cr influenced the capacity of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells to produce activation cytokines in response to stimulation with mitogens in vitro. Nine cows were fed 0.5 ppm of Cr/d per cow from 6 wk prepartum to 16 wk postpartum; 10 other periparturient cows served as unsupplemented controls. Mononuclear leukocytes, enriched from peripheral blood during wk 0, 2, 4, and 6 of lactation, were cultured with or without the T-lymphocyte mitogen, concanavalin A. Culture supernatants, harvested at 24, 48, or 72 h, were assayed for interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The cytokines were barely detectable in the supernatants from the unstimulated cultures, but supernatants from mitogen-stimulated cultures contained higher concentrations of each cytokine. For cows fed Cr, concentrations of all three cytokines in the culture supernatants of the mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells decreased significantly relative to values for unsupplemented cows, particularly around peak lactation for the 24- and 48-h cultures. Theses results extended our previous observations and supported the hypothesis that organic Cr is immunomodulatory in high producing cows.
Applying state diagrams to food processing and development. (1991)

The physical state of food components affects their properties during processing, storage, and consumption. Removal of water by evaporation or by freezing often results in formation of an amorphous state (Parks et al., 1928; Troy and Sharp, 1930; Kauzmann, 1948; Bushill et al., 1965; White and Cakebread, 1966; Slade and Levine, 1991). Amorphous foods are also produced from carbohydrate melts by rapid cooling after extrusion or in the manufacturing of hard sugar candies and coatings (Herrington and Branfield, 1984). Formation of the amorphous state and its relation to equilibrium conditions are shown in Fig. 1 [see text]. The most important change, characteristic of the amorphous state, is noticed at the glass transition temperature (Tg), which involves transition from a solid "glassy" to a liquid-like "rubbery" state. The main consequence of glass transition is an increase of molecular mobility and free volume above Tg, which may result in physical and physico-chemical deteriorative changes (White and Cakebread, 1966; Slade and Levine, 1991). We have conducted studies on phase transitions of amorphous food materials and related Tg to composition, viscosity, stickiness, collapse, recrystallization, and ice formation. We have also proposed that some diffusion-limited deteriorative reactions are controlled by the physical state in the vicinity of Tg (Roos and Karel, 1990, 1991a, b, c). The results are summarized in this article, with state diagrams based on experimental and calculated data to characterize the relevant water content, temperature, and time-dependent phenomena of amorphous food components.
A Sparsity-Inducing Optimization Algorithm for the Extraction of Planar Structures in Noisy Point-Cloud Data (2012)

Most of the manual labor needed to create the geometric building information model (BIM) of an existing facility is spent converting raw point cloud data (PCD) to a BIM description. Automating this process would drastically reduce the modeling cost. Surface extraction from PCD is a fundamental step in this process. Compact modeling of redundant points in PCD as a set of planes leads to smaller file size and fast interactive visualization on cheap hardware. Traditional approaches for smooth surface reconstruction do not explicitly model the sparse scene structure or significantly exploit the redundancy. This paper proposes a method based on sparsity-inducing optimization to address the planar surface extraction problem. Through sparse optimization, points in PCD are segmented according to their embedded linear subspaces. Within each segmented part, plane models can be estimated. Experimental results on a typical noisy PCD demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Unusual Room Temperature Ferromagnetism in Bulk Sintered GaP Doped with Copper (2007)

Robust room temperature ferromagnetism is obtained in single phase Gallium Phosphide doped with Cu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> prepared by simple solid state reaction route. The saturation magnetization at 300 K is 1.5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> emu/g and the coercivity was found to be 125 Oe. A strong ferromagnetic resonance signal confirms the long range magnetic order which persists to temperatures as high as 739 K. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicate that Cu is in a +2 state. Ab initio calculations also show that the ferromagnetic ordering is energetically favorable in Cu doped GaP. When the spin-orbit coupling is included we get an enhanced total magnetic moment of 0.31 muB with a local moment on Cu 0.082 and on P 0.204 mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> . per atom
Synergistic Behavior of Bimetallic Rhenium Cluster Catalysts: Spectroscopic Investigation into the Nature of the Active Site (2010)

Single-site Re nanoparticles were produced by anchoring dirhenium organometallic clusters on to the inner walls of mesoporous silica. The presence of oxophilic atoms (Sb or Bi) is essential to obtain well dispersed Re(0) centers. The interaction between the organometallic cluster and the silica support is critical for the generation of well-defined and isolated Re(0) single sites. FTIR spectroscopy was used to track the decomposition of the organometallic precursors and the adsorption of probe molecules such as CO on the metal sites sheds valuable information on the catalytic potential of this new class of bimetallic nanocatalysts.
Current Chemicals Used for Probing DNA Conformational Changes and Detection of Unknown Mutations (2004)

Detection of unknown mutations is a key for success in diagnosis, treatment and therapy of many genetic diseases. Use of chemicals has been practiced for many years to probe the structural changes of DNA induced by a single base mismatch. This paper will review the current chemicals, such as carbodiimides, alkyl halides, aldehydes, oxidants, oxyamines, intercalators and groove binders, which have established the foundation for many useful applications in the areas of genetics and molecular biology.
Bacillus subtilis Glutamine Synthetase (1971)

Abstract Bacillus subtilis glutamine synthetase readily reacts with iodoacetamide, producing very specific changes in the catalytic parameters characteristic of the native enzyme. The alkylation reaction is influenced both by substrates and feedback inhibitors of the enzyme; whereas ammonia and glutamate are without effect, Mg2+-ATP enhances the alkylation reaction, and Mn2+-ATP effectively prevents the catalytic changes that accompany incubation of the enzyme with the alkylating agent. Histidine, tryptophan, and glutamine also potentiate the response of the enzyme to iodoacetamide. With limited alkylation, a marked increase in activity is seen using Mn2+ as divalent cation, a sharp reduction in specific activity is seen in the assay using Mg2+ as divalent cation, and the response of the enzyme to feedback inhibitors is altered. Whereas these changes in B. subtilis catalytic activity are qualitatively similar to changes seen with enzymatic adenylylation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase, no role in vivo for sulfhydryl modification of B. subtilis enzyme has been found. When assayed with Mn2+ as divalent cation, alkylated glutamine synthetase has a higher apparent Km for glutamate than does native enzyme; the substrate saturation function with the alkylated enzyme is hyperbolic and has lost the inhibition by high concentrations of glutamate, which is characteristic of the native enzyme. When assayed with Mg2+ as divalent cation, the alkylated enzyme shows loss of apparent affinity for glutamate at high glutamate concentrations. Sulfhydryl titration indicates that 1 cysteine residue is readily alkylated per subunit, with two to three additional groups titrated after dissociation of the enzyme. The alkylation reaction is specific for cysteine residues. These results thus provide by chemical modification of the B. subtilis glutamine synthetase a system that is qualitatively analogous to the enzymatic adenylylation of the E. coli glutamine synthetase; the results also exhibit a clear structural distinction between the two enzymes. Under similar conditions of study, the sulfhydryl groups of the B. subtilis enzyme are readily titrated by iodoacetamide, whereas those of E. coli glutamine synthetase are not accessible to the alkylating agent.
Laser surface texturing of SS316L for enhanced adhesion of HUVECs (2018)

This study investigates the effects of the structured surface on the adhesion, proliferation and alignment of endothelial cells (HUVECs). The chemical state of laser-structured surface was also investigated in comparison with the non-treated surface. A novel design for biomedical applications consisting of parallel chain-like structures was realised on stainless steel surface by laser micromachining. The structures were designed to employ surface topography in the presence of micron and sub-micron features and to avoid intensive surface modification that could compromise the mechanical properties of thin devices like cardiovascular stents. The results showed that the structured surfaces favored the adhesion, proliferation and alignment of HUVECs. The proliferation and the alignment of HUVECs were pronounced when the periodic distance between two consecutive chain-like structures was 25 µm. Moreover, there was no significant difference in chemical composition on the structured surface suggesting that the cell proliferation and alignment were mainly influenced by the surface topography.