gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A proof of the Woodward‐Lawson sampling method for a finite linear array (1993)

An extension of the continuous aperture Woodward‐Lawson sampling theorem has been developed for a finite linear array of equidistant identical elements with arbitrary excitations. It is shown that by sampling the array factor at a finite number of specified points in the far field, the exact array factor over all space can be efficiently reconstructed in closed form. The specified sample points lie in real space and hence are measurable provided that the interelement spacing is greater than approximately one half of a wavelength. This paper provides insight as to why the length parameter used in the sampling formulas for discrete arrays is larger than the physical span of the lattice points in contrast with the continuous aperture case where the length parameter is precisely the physical aperture length.
Psychological stress and cardiovascular disease (2002)

We apologise for a technical error that resulted in the omission of the names and addresses of the first five authors of the authors' reply to this cluster …
Presenilins are required for the formation of comma- and S-shaped bodies during nephrogenesis (2003)

Mammalian presenilins consist of two highly homologous proteins, PSEN1 and PSEN2, which share redundant activities in Notch processing and signaling. To bypass the early lethality of the Psen1- and Psen2-double (PSEN) null embryos, we used a human PSEN1 transgene to rescue the somite patterning defects in PSEN-null animals and to allow a determination of the function of presenilins in late embryogenesis. We report here that expression of the human PSEN1 transgene supported the survival of PSEN-null embryos to the perinatal stage. However, presenilin deficiency in the kidney led to severe nephrogenesis defects and virtually no comma- or S-shaped bodies, or mature glomeruli were formed. We document that the mesenchyme was induced which could further progress to renal vesicles in the PSEN-null kidney, indicating that the presenilins are not essential for the inductive interactions and mesenchyme to epithelium transition. However, renal vesicles failed to pattern to form proximal tubules and glomerular epithelium. A presenilin-dependent, signaling-competent form of Notch1 was detected in mesenchymal derivatives but not in the ureteric buds of wild-type mice. Consistent with an obligatory role of presenilins in Notch processing and activation, the active form of Notch1 and its downstream target Hesr1 were absent in the PSEN-null kidney. Importantly, sustained Notch1 signaling was required for the maintenance of Notch ligand Jag1 expression. These results identify presenilins as one determinant of renal vesicle patterning in the developing mouse kidney, and we hypothesize that they act through the Notch signaling pathway.
A Study Of The Localisation Of A Protein Antigen In The Chicken Spleen And Its Relation To The Formation Of Germinal Centres (1970)

SUMMARY Chickens given an intravenous injection of human serum albumin (HSA) produced a rapid rise of antibody to a peak at 8–9 days, followed by a rapid decline. Plasma cells containing anti-HSA appeared in the spleen at 24 hr after injection. Evidence is presented that early produced antibody causes the localisation of antigen (HSA), presumably as complexes, to cells in the white pulp of the spleen at the periphery of ellipsoids (Schweigger-Seidel sheaths) by 24–32 hr. Inspection of a series of tissue sections shows that antigen-bearing cells appear to migrate through the white pulp and subsequently to appear (88 hr–6 days) as dendritic cells within germinal centres, which originated in the angle between the diverging penicillary arterioles at their point of origin from the central arteriole of the white pulp. A hypothesis is advanced that accounts for the formation of germinal centres by a process of progressive capture and aggregation of lymphocytes at the surface of antigen-bearing dendritic cells. This process is discussed in relation to the progressive increase of avidity in antibody synthesised later in the immunological response or after a secondary stimulus.
Comparison of beer quality attributes between beers brewed with 100% barley malt and 100% barley raw material (2011)

It was shown that by brewing beer with 100% barley and an appropriate addition of exogenous Ondea® Pro enzymes it was possible to efficiently brew beer of a satisfactory quality. The production of beers brewed with 100% barley resulted in good process efficiency (lautering and filtration) and to a final product whose sensory quality was described as light, with little body and mouthfeel, very good foam stability and similar organoleptic qualities compared to conventional malt beer. In spite of the sensory evaluation differences could still be seen in protein content and composition.
Integration of the (whole) self: risk reflections of tertiary women nurses (1996)

This article draws on some of the results of a recent research study. The study explored women nurses' experiences with tertiary education and specifically, its impact on their personal and professional lives. The connections between holistic philosophical assumptions and risk reflections are put forward. (author abstract)
MAPEAMENTO DO EMPREGO FORMAL FEMININO NO ESTADO DO PARANÁ (2011)

The aim of this paper is to analyze and map women's formal employment in the state of Paraná.The period analyzed was from 1985 to 2010.It was possible to infer from the data obtained that there was an increase in the number of women in the labor market through a participation of 31% in 1985 to 43% of formal employment in the state of Paraná.This reinforces the empirical evidence of increased participation of women in the labor market and the reduction in the ratio of working women/men.This growth is mainly the result of economic changes, decline in fertility and increase in the level of education of the female population.
Semi-supervised drug-protein interaction prediction from heterogeneous biological spaces (2010)

We report encouraging results of using our method for drug-protein interaction network reconstruction which may shed light on the molecular interaction inference and new uses of marketed drugs.
ACCURACY IN THE MEASUREMENT OF COMPARTMENT PRESSURES (2005)

Background: In situations in which accurate physical diagnosis is inconclusive, an objective method for measuring compartment pressure can aid in the diagnosis of compartment syndrome. Previous studies have compared measurement devices with each other but not with an accurately determined gold standard. The purpose of the present study was to devise a reproducible in vitro model of compartment pressure and to compare commonly used measurement devices in order to determine their accuracy. Methods: With a graduated cylinder being used to generate a known pressure, freshly harvested ovine muscle was placed into a chamber for testing. The cylinder was incrementally filled with saline solution (in fifty-five steps), and measurements of tissue pressure were obtained with use of the Stryker Intracompartmental Pressure Monitor System, an arterial line manometer, and the Whitesides apparatus. Each device was tested with a straight needle, a side-port needle, and a slit catheter, for a total of nine setups in all. Five trials were done with each setup. Control pressures were calculated on the basis of the height of the saline solution column (test range, 0.13 to 10.80 kPa). Multiple regression analysis was used to compare measured tissue pressures with calculated control pressures. Results: Most methods demonstrated excellent correlation (R2 > 0.95) between calculated and measured pressures. The arterial line manometer with the slit catheter showed the best correlation (R2 = 0.9978), and the Whitesides apparatus with the side-port needle showed the worst (R2 = 0.9115). Furthermore, the Stryker system with the side-port needle demonstrated the least constant bias (+0.06 kPa). Straight needles tended to overestimate pressure. Two of the three needle configurations involving the Whitesides apparatus overestimated pressure. The data for the Whitesides methods had the highest standard errors, showing clinically unacceptable scatter. Conclusion: Side-port needles and slit catheters are more accurate than straight needles are. The arterial line manometer is the most accurate device. The Stryker device is also very accurate. The Whitesides manometer apparatus lacks the precision needed for clinical use. Clinical Relevance: When physical examination findings are inconclusive, accurate measurement of compartment pressures can aid in timely management and can minimize patient morbidity. Measurement should be done with use of the most accurate technique available.
The Road to DSM-V (2009)

There is general agreement that DSM-IV and ICD-10 require major improvements in format and content to make them more valid, evidence-based and clinically useful. DSM-IV-TR currently includes a series of clinical features that provide potentially useful information on cross-sectional and longitudinal courses of bipolar disorder. This conceptual and data-driven review proposes changes in the current classification by removing, modifying and adding bipolar episode and course specifiers in DSM-V. Specifiers to be maintained would be 'with catatonic features', 'with melancholic features', 'with atypical features' and 'with rapid cycling'. The 'seasonal pattern' modifier should be amended to allow manic, hypomanic and mixed episodes to be included in the description. Some specifiers should likely be substantially reconceptualized ('severity/psychosis/remission') or removed ('with post-partum onset'). Age at onset (early, intermediate or late onset) and predominant polarity (manic, depressive) should be added for their relevance for course and outcome.
Moulting as an Indicator of Growth in Asell Us Aquaticus (L., 1758) and a. Meridianus Racovitza, 1919 (Isopoda) (1990)

L'examen de la frequence des mues aux differents taux de croissance a montre que la mue des Asellus aquaticus et A. meridianus juveniles n'etait pas subordonnee a l'acquisition d'une certaine taille ou d'un certain poids du corps. Ceci signifie que les deux especes muent a un taux similaire et relativement constant meme si la croissance varie avec le regime alimentaire. La periode moyenne de mue chez les Asellus (aquaticus et meridianus) juveniles est comprise entre 8,3 et 9,1 jours pour les individus a croissance rapide (5 % P. frais jour-1) et entre 8,2 et 9,1 jours pour les individus a croissance lente (3,4% P. frais jour-1), ce qui ne fait pas apparaitre de differences significatives. Tous les Asellus ont mue 4 a 6 fois pendant la periode experimentale de 49 jours, les individus a croissance la plus rapide (7,1-7,3% P. frais jour-1) atteignant seuls la maturite sexuelle. La frequence des mues n'a pas ete examinee chez les animaux a maturite.
Genetic variability of milk components based on mid-infrared spectral data (2010)

The aim of this study was to estimate the genetic parameters of the mid-infrared (MIR) milk spectrum represented by 1,060 data points per sample. The dimensionality of traits was reduced by principal components analysis. Therefore, 46 principal components describing 99.03% of the phenotypic variability were used to create 46 new traits. Variance components were estimated using canonical transformation. Heritability ranged from 0 to 0.35. Twenty-five out of 46 studied traits showed a permanent environment variance greater than genetic variance. Eight traits showed heritability greater than 0.10. Variances of original spectral traits were obtained by back transformation. Heritabilities for each spectral data points ranged from 0.003 to 0.42. In particular, 3 MIR regions showing moderate to high heritability estimates were of potential genetic interest. Heritabilities for specific wave numbers, linked with common milk traits (e.g., lipids, lactose), were similar to those estimated for these traits. This research confirms the genetic variability of the MIR milk spectrum and, therefore, the genetic variation of milk components. The objective of this study was to better understand the genetics of milk composition and, maybe in the future, to select animals to improve milk quality.
Phase 2 study of erlotinib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (2007)

Results of this study indicated that single-agent erlotinib is well tolerated and has modest disease-control benefit in HCC, manifested as modestly prolonged PFS and OS when compared with historical controls.
Absorption and Fluorescence of PRODAN in Phospholipid Bilayers: A Combined Quantum Mechanics and Classical Molecular Dynamics Study (2011)

Absorption and fluorescence spectra of PRODAN (6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene) were studied by means of the time-dependent density functional theory and the algebraic diagrammatic construction method. The influence of environment, a phosphatidylcholine lipid bilayer and water, was taken into account employing a combination of quantum chemical calculations with empirical force-field molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, experimental absorption and emission spectra of PRODAN were measured in cyclohexane, water, and lipid vesicles. Both planar and twisted configurations of the first excited state of PRODAN were taken into account. The twisted structure is stabilized in both water and a lipid bilayer, and should be considered as an emitting state in polar environments. Orientation of the excited dye in the lipid bilayer significantly depends on configuration. In the bilayer, the fluorescence spectrum can be regarded as a combination of emission from both planar and twisted structures.
Genetic analysis of capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters in 79 capsular types of Klebsiella spp (2015)

A total of 79 capsular types have been reported in Klebsiella spp., whereas capsular polysaccharide synthesis (cps) regions were available in only 22 types. Due to the limitations of serotyping, complete repertoire of cps will be helpful for capsular genotyping. We therefore resolved the rest 57 cps and conducted comparative analysis. Clustering results of 1,515 predicted proteins from cps loci categorized proteins which share similarity into homology groups (HGs) revealing that 77 Wzy polymerases were classified into 56 HGs, which indicate the high specificity of wzy between different types. Accordingly, wzy-based capsular genotyping could differentiate capsule types except for those lacking wzy (K29 and K50), those sharing identical wzy (K22 vs. K37); and should be carefully applied in those exhibited high similarity (K12 vs. K41, K2 vs. K13, K74 vs. K80, K79 vs. KN1 and K30 vs. K69). Comparison of CPS structures in several capsular types that shared similarity in their gene contents implies possible functions of glycosyltransferases. Therefore, our results provide complete set of cps in various types of Klebsiella spp., which enable the understandings of relationship between genes and CPS structures and are useful for identification of documented or new capsular types.
Object recognition with a 2-D Hough domain (2002)

In this paper, we report a new Generalized Hough Transform (GHT) for the recognition of non-analytic objects. Our proposed GHT algorithm is able to replace the conventional 4-D Hough space with a 2-D one. The significant reduction of memory requirement leads to a great simplification of the peak searching time for the recognition. By an analysis of the angular deviation of the edge operator, we also derive a new profile for the modeling of peaks, which is extremely helpful for our peak searching and verification processes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biology of the Heat Shock Response and Protein Chaperones: Budding Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a Model System (2012)

The eukaryotic heat shock response is an ancient and highly conserved transcriptional program that results in the immediate synthesis of a battery of cytoprotective genes in the presence of thermal and other environmental stresses. Many of these genes encode molecular chaperones, powerful protein remodelers with the capacity to shield, fold, or unfold substrates in a context-dependent manner. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae continues to be an invaluable model for driving the discovery of regulatory features of this fundamental stress response. In addition, budding yeast has been an outstanding model system to elucidate the cell biology of protein chaperones and their organization into functional networks. In this review, we evaluate our understanding of the multifaceted response to heat shock. In addition, the chaperone complement of the cytosol is compared to those of mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, organelles with their own unique protein homeostasis milieus. Finally, we examine recent advances in the understanding of the roles of protein chaperones and the heat shock response in pathogenic fungi, which is being accelerated by the wealth of information gained for budding yeast.
Introduction (2013)

Mapping Provence – both the maze of its intricate history and the elusiveness of an unstable geography – is definitely no straightforward affair. While it is true the region has today a clear-cut institutional identity and unquestioned boundaries, such stability is relatively recent. And it has not yet eradicated the bewildering dislocation of a country born in Greek and Roman times around Marseille but soon destined to include ample areas of Languedoc, the ‘western’ Provincia Narbonensis of ...
Mechanisms of fluid production in smooth adhesive pads of insects (2011)

Insect adhesion is mediated by thin fluid films secreted into the contact zone. As the amount of fluid affects adhesive forces, a control of secretion appears probable. Here, we quantify for the first time the rate of fluid secretion in adhesive pads of cockroaches and stick insects. The volume of footprints deposited during consecutive press-downs decreased exponentially and approached a non-zero steady state, demonstrating the presence of a storage volume. We estimated its size and the influx rate into it from a simple compartmental model. Influx was independent of step frequency. Fluid-depleted pads recovered maximal footprint volumes within 15 min. Pads in stationary contact accumulated fluid along the perimeter of the contact zone. The initial fluid build-up slowed down, suggesting that flow is driven by negative Laplace pressure. Freely climbing stick insects left hardly any traceable footprints, suggesting that they save secretion by minimizing contact area or by recovering fluid during detachment. However, even the highest fluid production rates observed incur only small biosynthesis costs, representing less than 1 per cent of the resting metabolic rate. Our results show that fluid secretion in insect wet adhesive systems relies on simple physical principles, allowing for passive control of fluid volume within the contact zone.
Prophylactic effects of dexamethasone in lung injury caused by hyperoxia and hyperventilation (1992)

To determine if prophylactic corticosteroids would prevent acute lung injury caused by hyperoxia and barotrauma, 29 piglets (1.2 +/- 0.3 kg, 1-2 days of age) were studied. Ten piglets were hyperventilated [arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) 15-20 Torr] with 100% O2 for 48 h and compared with 10 piglets treated with the identical management but given 0.7 mg/kg of dexamethasone at time 0 and every 12 h for the 48-h study. Six piglets were normally ventilated (PaCO2 40-45 Torr) for 48 h with 21% O2 as an additional control group. Pulmonary function and tracheal aspirates were examined at time 0 and every 24 h. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed for surfactant analyses at the conclusion of the study. In animals treated with hyperoxia and hyperventilation, lung compliance decreased 32% and tracheal aspirate polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotactic activity increased by 51%, cell counts by 204%, number of PMNs by 277%, elastase activity by 111%, and albumin concentration by 328% over 48 h (P less than 0.05). In contrast, dexamethasone-treated piglets had increases in only tracheal aspirate albumin concentration (206%) over the 48-h study. All cellular and biochemical variables were lower in dexamethasone-treated compared with hyperoxic hyperventilated piglets. Room air normal ventilation controls had only a 108% increase in tracheal aspirate albumin concentration noted. Despite quantitative differences in surfactant among the three groups, activity was unaffected. Results indicate that hyperoxia and hyperventilation for 48 h causes significant inflammatory changes and acute lung injury and that prophylactic high-dose dexamethasone significantly ameliorates this lung damage.
Rezension: Nils Zurawski (Hrsg.) (2011). Überwachungspraxen - Praktiken der Überwachung (2012)

The anthology "Überwachungspraxen – Praktiken der Überwachung" [Surveillance Practices - Practices of Surveillance] evolved from the University of Hamburg's research project "Konsum(kontroll)technologien" [Consumption Control Technologies], and is dedicated to the analysis of everyday practices in surveillance and control. These parameters are clearly underrepresented in the canon of research fields dealing with surveillance and control—only a few studies focus on how surveillance is practiced and manifested, as well as which connecting factors evolve from these topics for further research. This is, according to the editor, a blatant flaw, and one that this anthology seeks to rectify. In fact, it seems quite apparent that jurisprudential, technological and purely theoretical analyses of surveillance and control, as well as philosophical essays on the disciplinary and control society, dominate the discourse in this field (with particular emphasis on digital video surveillance). In light of this status quo, any enrichment to the current discourse through the elucidation of practices—and not just limited to video surveillance—should prove beneficial to anyone interested in analyzing surveillance and control, despite the highly variable quality of the volume's contributions, which is to be expected in an anthology on such a topic.
Multivariate reconstruction of lymphocyte profiles in a two-dimensional graphical model as a tool for the investigation of lymphocyte subset distribution in health and disease (1997)

Advanced multivariate data-analytical techniques are proposed to concisely represent and evaluate complex lymphocyte profiles (i.e., compound lymphocyte subset distributions) of individual subjects in easily interpretable, two-dimensional, graphical correlation biplots. The lymphocyte profile of each subject is represented by its location in the model, and the score of a subject for a particular lymphocyte subset is inferred from the perpendicular projection on a rotated axis that coincides with this lymphocyte subset. Simultaneously, the model yields information about the correlation between the lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, individuals with aberrant lymphocyte profiles can be easily identified. In case studies of 80 healthy donors and of 40 patients with multiple myeloma, 10 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy donors, reconstruction of the two-dimensional lymphocyte profiles from 27 flow-cytometric characterized lymphocyte subsets succeeded in representing 43% and 51% of the total information (variability) contained within the 80 x 27 (= 2,160) and 100 x 27 (= 2,700) flow cytometry measurements, respectively. It is concluded from the present studies that the correlation biplot represents a unique and powerful tool to concisely describe, represent, and analyze complex lymphocyte profiles of individual subjects and the heterogeneity in lymphocyte profiles among these subjects.