gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Curvature of Pelvic Joints from Three Laser Scanners: Separating Anatomy from Measurement Error (2015)

Recent studies have reported that quantifying symphyseal and auricular surface curvature changes on 3D models acquired by laser scanners has a potential for age estimation. However, no tests have been carried out to evaluate the repeatability of the results between different laser scanners. 3D models of the two pelvic joints were generated using three laser scanners (Custom, Faro, and Minolta). The surface curvature, the surface area, and the distance between co-registered meshes were investigated. Close results were found for surface areas (differences between 0.3% and 2.4%) and for distance deviations (average <20 μm, SD <200 μm). The curvature values were found to be systematically biased between different laser scanners, but still showing similar trends with increasing phases/scores. Applying a smoothing factor to the 3D models, it was possible to separate anatomy from the measurement error of each instrument, so that similar curvature values could be obtained (p < 0.05) independent of the specific laser scanner.
Serotonin, CNS receptors and brain function : proceedings of the Serotonin '91 Conference held in Birmingham, United Kingdom, on 14-17 July 1991 (1992)

Molecular biology of 5-HT receptor subtypes, S. J. Peroutka. Differential localization and regulation of central 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 3 receptors, E. Kidd et al . Agonists and antagonists at 5-HT receptor subtypes, D. Hoyer. The autoregulation of 5-HT release from nerve terminals in vitro, L. O. Wilkinson & D. N. Mid lemiss. Autoradiographic localization of 5-HT receptor subtypes, J. M. Palacios et al . Control of ion conductances by 5-HT receptors, R. A. North. Functional roles of 5-HT 3 -like receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex, R. Y. Wang et al . Morphological aspects of serotonergic innervation, L. A. Mamounas et al . Autoreceptor mediated changes in 5-HT release during behaviour, I. K. Wright et al . A modulatory function of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the central nervous system, A. R. Sizer et al . Influence of 5-HT on cognitive performance, B. Costall et al . Central 5-HT and reward processes, D. B. Gilbert & S. J. Coo er. 5-HT receptor subtypes and feeding behaviour, C. T. Dourish. Functional differences between ascending 5-HT systems, S. Hjorth. The periaqueductal gray, 5-HT and anxiety, F. G. Graeff. Serotonin and Tourettes's Syndrome: movements such as head-shakes and wet-dog shakes may model human tics, S. L. Handley & S. M. Dur un. Clinical applications of 5-HT uptake inhibitors, R. W. Fuller. Neuropharmacological investigations of brain serotonin subsystem functions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, D. L. Murphy et al . Neuroendocrine measures of 5-HT receptor subtype function in depression, P. J. Cowen. In vivo neurochemical studies of 5-HT 1A autoreceptor function. T. Sharp & S. Hjorth The diagnostic place of OCD and panic disorders as serotonergic illnesses, S. A. Montgomery. Organization of 5-HT neurones regulating central pain, B. P. Richardson. Role of 5-HT in relationships between descending systems controlling pain and cardiovascular function, T. A. Lovick. Brainstem serotonin receptor subtypes and cardiovascular control, R. A. Gillis et al . Serotonin, stimulation-produced analgesia and spinal mechanisms of antinociception, J-L Oliveras & J-M Besso .
Cell-penetrating peptides for drug delivery across membrane barriers (2007)

During the last decade, cell-penetrating peptides have been investigated for their ability to overcome the plasma membrane barrier of mammalian cells for the intracellular or transcellular delivery of cargoes as diverse as low molecular weight drugs, imaging agents, oligonucleotides, peptides, proteins and colloidal carriers such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Their ability to cross biological membranes in a non-disruptive way without apparent toxicity is highly desired for increasing drug bioavailability. This review provides an overview of the application of cell-penetrating peptides as transmembrane drug delivery agents, according to the recent literature, and discusses critical issues and future challenges in relation to fully understanding the fundamental principles of the cell-penetrating peptide-mediated membrane translocation of cargoes and the exploitation of their therapeutic potential.
TNFα promoter region gene polymorphisms in carbamazepine-hypersensitive patients (2001)

The TNF2 allele was associated with severe, but not nonserious, carbamazepine hypersensitivity reactions, suggesting that hypersecretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha may be a determinant of the severity of tissue damage. However, the association of the TNF2 allele with carbamazepine hypersensitivity was not independent of HLA-DR3 and -DQ2, and therefore the possibility that it constitutes a passive component of the TNF2-DR3-DQ2 haplotype cannot be excluded.
Acquired Type I von Willebrand's Disease Associated with Highly Substituted Hydroxyethyl Starch (2001)

To the Editor: High-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starches (hetastarches) can cause acquired type I von Willebrand's disease.1 A case has also occurred after treatment with medium-molecular-weight hydroxyethyl starches (pentastarches).2 We analyzed all patients with hemostatic disorders that occurred during treatment with pentastarch (Elohes and Hesteril, Fresenius, Paris; and Lomol, Dupont, Wilmington, Del.) and that were spontaneously reported to the 31 French regional drug-monitoring centers. Nine cases of hemostatic disorders were reported between 1990 and 1997 (Table 1). All patients were treated with Elohes as hemodilution therapy (for vasospasm secondary to subarachnoid hemorrhage). Of the nine patients, six had a diagnosis of acquired . . .
El 98 y la arquitectura española: Ensayo a propósito de un centenario (1998)

Borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiological agent of Lyme disease, utilizes multiple adhesins to interact with both the arthropod vector and mammalian hosts it colonizes. One such adhesive molecule is a surface-exposed fibronectin-binding lipoprotein, designated BBK32. Previous characterization of BBK32-mediated fibronectin binding has been limited to biochemical analyses due to the difficulty in mutagenizing infectious isolates of B. burgdorferi. Here we report an alternative method to inactivate bbk32 via allelic exchange through use of a low-passage variant of B. burgdorferi strain B31 that is more readily transformed. The resulting mutant does not synthesize BBK32, exhibits reduced fibronectin binding in solid phase assays and manifests decreased interactions with mouse fibroblast cells relative to both the infectious parent and genetic complement. Furthermore, the bbk32 knockout was significantly attenuated in the murine model of Lyme disease, whereas a genetically complemented control was not, indicating that BBK32 is necessary for maximal B. burgdorferi infection in the mouse. To our knowledge this is the first mutational analysis of a surface exposed, functional borrelial lipoprotein adhesin whose activity is associated with the mammalian host environment. By analogy with other pathogens that utilize fibronectin binding as an important virulence determinant, the borrelial fibronectin-BBK32 interaction is likely to be important in B. burgdorferi-specific pathogenic mechanisms, particularly in the context of dissemination, secondary colonization and/or persistence.
The Asiatic influence on the Poetics of Expressionism by examples of the German writers Alfred Döblin and Gottfried Benn (2015)

The European individualis in a crisis, man has lost its autonomy from nature. In the first two decadesof the 20th century, the enthusiasm for Asian philosophy, religion or belief isthus of economic activity in Europe and especially in Germany, because theworldview promises to improve the situation. The artistic movement ofExpressionism participates in this trend and explores specific ways out torestoring patient&#039;s autonomy. However, the literary happens in very differentways. While Alfred Doblin tries in his novel Die drei Sprünge des Wang-lun (TheThree Leaps of the Wan-lun) to connect Taoist way of life and politicalrevolution, the disillusionment by the experience of two world wars is evidentin Gottfried Benns Lotosland, whichwas published after the Second World War. However, the Asia reference remainsas a refuge point, although the Second World War has resulted in Asia andparticularly in Japan in the disaster. The paper aims to examine howphilosophical and religious models from Asia are literary adapted and how thesemodels are tested narrative for an improvement of social reality. In order todescribe the circulation of Asian thought good among the different sectors ofsociety, working according to Greenblatt&#039;s methodology of the New Historicism.Thus, the proposed investigation is breaking new ground. Because themethodology of the New Historicism has not yet been applied to texts ofExpressionism. This approach therefore promises innovative results. The contentof the goal of the study is to make the close link between the influence ofEastern religion and philosophy as well as political and social events visibleand interpret intended. This relationship has been scientifically notconsidered because either the one or the other direction was investigated.Thus, the paper will provide new insights into the connection between Alfred Döblin&#039;s novel &amp;nbsp;Die drei Sprünge des Wang-lun,GottfriedBenns narrative Lotosland and the Adaption of &amp;nbsp;Asiatic religions.
The Potential of Indium as a Soft Metal Lubricant Replacement for Lead (2013)

A review was carried out comparing the properties of several soft metals to identify the most suitable lubricant alternative to lead. Indium emerged as the most promising candidate.\nA method for producing thin-film indium coatings via physical vapour deposition was developed. Coatings were deposited onto 52100-steel discs and bearing balls and assessed for their adhesion, purity and morphology. The friction and lifetime were then assessed in vacuum through spiral orbit tribometry (SOT) and the tribological performance compared with that of lead and MoS2.\nThe indium coatings displayed a microstructure consisting of evenly distributed nodules of pure indium. Coatings on bearing-steel discs exhibited both good adhesion and high chemical purity. However on bearing-steel balls, adhesion was weaker.\nDuring SOT testing indium transferred readily from the coated ball to the uncoated SOT plates. The coatings displayed low friction (lower than for lead and comparable to that of MoS2). Whilst indium coating lifetimes exceeded those of MoS2, they were appreciably shorter than those observed with lead coatings of similar thickness.
Linear Tracking for 3-D Medical Ultrasound Imaging (2013)

As the clinical application grows, there is a rapid technical development of 3-D ultrasound imaging. Compared with 2-D ultrasound imaging, 3-D ultrasound imaging can provide improved qualitative and quantitative information for various clinical applications. In this paper, we proposed a novel tracking method for a freehand 3-D ultrasound imaging system with improved portability, reduced degree of freedom, and cost. We designed a sliding track with a linear position sensor attached, and it transmitted positional data via a wireless communication module based on Bluetooth, resulting in a wireless spatial tracking modality. A traditional 2-D ultrasound probe fixed to the position sensor on the sliding track was used to obtain real-time B-scans, and the positions of the B-scans were simultaneously acquired when moving the probe along the track in a freehand manner. In the experiments, the proposed method was applied to ultrasound phantoms and real human tissues. The results demonstrated that the new system outperformed a previously developed freehand system based on a traditional six-degree-of-freedom spatial sensor in phantom and in vivo studies, indicating its merit in clinical applications for human tissues and organs.
COVALENT LIPOPROTEIN(A) ASSEMBLY: Characterization of Oxidase Activity Responsible for Catalyzing Covalent Lipoprotein(a) Assembly (2008)

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has been identified as an emerging risk factor for the development of vascular diseases.(1) The Lp(a) particle is assembled in a 2-step process upon secretion of the LDL and apo(a) components from hepatocytes.Work done by the Koschinsky group has identified an oxidase-like activity present in the conditioned medium (CM) harvested from human hepatoma (HepG2), as well as HEK 293 (human endothelian kidney) cells that catalyzes covalent Lp(a) formation.(2)We have taken a candidate enzyme approach to identifying this oxidase activity.Specifically, we have proposed that the QSOX (Quiescin/sulfhydryl oxidase) is responsible for catalysis of covalent Lp(a) assembly.An oxidase activity assay developed by Dr. Thorpe (University of Delaware) was used to detect QSOX1 in CM harvested from cultured cell lines that catalyze covalent Lp(a) assembly.In addition, the QSOX1 transcript was identified in each cell line and quantified with the use of Real-Time RT-PCR.Quantitative assays of covalent Lp(a) assembly were performed to study some characteristics of the unkwown oxidase activity.First, conditioned medium was dialyzed through a 3.5 kDa cutoff filter, as this has previously been shown to reduce the aforementioned oxidase activity.(2) Purified QSOX was then added back to the reaction and the rate of catalysis was observed.The addition of QSOX appeared to enhance the rate of covalent Lp(a) assembly in a dose-dependent manner.Additional covalent Lp(a) assembly assays were performed where various chemicals were added to determine whether Lp(a) assembly was affected.The addition of EDTA did not affect covalent assembly, suggesting that the oxidase activity may not be metallo-dependent.Moreover, dose-dependent addition of calcium, DTT, copper and glutathione to dialyzed medium also did not affect the rate of Lp(a) assembly.
Kinetics and Yields in the Catalytic Oxidation of <i>o</i>-Xylene to Phthalic Anhydride with V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Catalysts (1974)

The kinetics of phthalic anhydride formation in the air oxidation of o-xylene over a commercial vanadium catalyst were measured over a wide range of temperatures, using an isothermal spinning catalyst-basket reactor. The activation energy decreases as the reaction temperature is increased; thereby, runaway is avoided over the normal commercial operating range. The kinetics predict observed temperature profiles in large tubular reactors and the relatively poor selectivity to phthalic anhydride obtained on the back-mixing compared with the plug-flow mode. Some indications of possible reaction mechanisms are apparent.
Treatment of alcoholic hepatitis: is this a "dead-end"? (2016)

Summary from the trial. All patients were followed for 12 months or until their death with the exception of patients enrolled at the end of the trial. Th e primary endpoint was mortality at 28 days and secondary endpoints included mortality or liver transplantation at 90 days and aft er 1 year. Neither drug showed mid- (90 days) or long-term (12 months) survival benefi t. However, prednisolone was associated with an improvement in 28-day mortality with an odds ratio of 0.72 (95%CI 0.52-1.01; P=0.06). In multivariate analysis, baseline age, encephalopathy, white cell count, prothrombin ratio and levels of bilirubin, creatinine and urea were found to be additional signifi cant factors for mortality. In a secondary analysis adjusting for these prognostic variables the odds ratio for 28-day mortality among the patients who received prednisolone compared with those who did not was 0.61 (95%CI 0.41-0.91; P=0.02). Serious adverse events were reported in 42% of the patients with approximately half of them resulting in death. No signifi cant diff erences in the rate of adverse events were noted between treatment groups. However, infection occurred more frequently in patients who received prednisolone compared with those who did not (13% vs. 7%, P=0.002). Of note, infections were the main reason for death in this trial (24% of deaths). Finally, pentoxifylline was associated with numerically fewer cases of acute kidney injury.
Function of the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 Rev proteins is dependent on their ability to interact with a structured region present in env gene mRNA (1990)

The interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein with a structured region in env mRNA (the Rev-responsive element [RRE]) mediates the export of structural mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. We demonstrated that unlike HIV-1 Rev, which functions with both the HIV-1 and HIV-2 RREs, HIV-2 Rev functions only with the HIV-2 RRE. Rev-RRE binding studies suggested that the lack of nonreciprocal complementation stems from the inability of HIV-2 Rev to interact with HIV-1 RRE RNA. Maintenance of RNA secondary structure, rather than the primary nucleotide sequence, appeared to be the major determinant for interaction of both HIV-1 and HIV-2 Rev with the HIV-2 RRE. Moreover, the binding domain of the HIV-2 RRE recognized by HIV-1 Rev was dissimilar to the binding domain of the HIV-1 RRE, in terms of both secondary structure and primary nucleotide sequence. Our results support the hypothesis that function of HIV Rev proteins and possibly the functionally similar Rex proteins encoded by the human T-cell leukemia viruses (HTLVs) HTLV-I and HTLV-II is controlled by the presence of RNA secondary structure generated within the RRE RNA.
Speculative parallelism in a distributed graph reduction machine (2003)

A scheme for adding speculative evaluation to the distributed implementation of a lazy functional language is presented. The scheme assigns reduced scheduling priorities to speculative computations to prevent them from overwhelming processing resources or altering the program's semantics. Scheduling priorities are dynamically adjusted during execution as speculative computations are found to be needed. By terminating computations associated with reclaimed pieces of graph, a distributed reference counting algorithm can be used to reclaim garbage nodes and to detect and terminate computations that are not required. A scheduling scheme and load balancing that operate in the presence of prioritised computations are briefly presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Character Generator Protocol (1983)

This RFC specifies a standard for the ARPA Internet community. Hosts
on the ARPA Internet that choose to implement a Character Generator
Protocol are expected to adopt and implement this standard. The
Character Generator service simply sends data without regard to the
input.
MYC‐associated and double‐hit lymphomas: A review of pathobiology, prognosis, and therapeutic approaches (2014)

Aberrant expression of the v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC) proto-oncogene has known transformative potential in healthy human cells. Chromosomal MYC rearrangements and consequent MYC overexpression is the defining lesion in Burkitt lymphoma (BL), conferring a highly proliferative state. However, abnormalities of MYC are increasingly appreciated in non-BL histologies, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and B-cell lymphomas intermediate between BL and DLBCL, with a particularly aggressive clinical phenotype. Although there are conflicting data regarding prognostic implications of isolated MYC aberrancy in these non-BLs, the co-occurrence of MYC rearrangements and either the antiapoptotic gene B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/lymphoma 2 (BCL2) or the transcriptional repressor BCL6 leads to an entity termed double-hit B-cell lymphoma (DHL) (or triple-hit if all 3 abnormalities are observed) with a particularly poor prognosis and no established treatment paradigms. Notably, a distinct pattern of gene expression profiling has been noted when MYC is overexpressed in BL compared with other lymphomas, supporting the notion that, although MYC promotes target gene transcription, the target genes vary by disease subtype. The frequency of MYC activity depends on the method of detection and ranges from 5% to 10% using fluorescence in situ hybridization but up to 30% of DLBCL using immunohistochemistry. Standard therapies developed for DLBCL are less effective when the disease is driven by MYC, leading to lower response rates and response durations. An important clinical challenge is to pre-emptively identify MYC-associated lymphomas and to subsequently develop trials specifically for this group of patients. However, the design of such studies is complicated by variable definitions of MYC-associated lymphoid malignancies and the lack of effective therapies to date. The objective if the current review was to evaluate the implications of MYC aberrancy with respect to the B-cell lymphoma double-hit and triple-hit phenotypes and to consider the available data for clinical and practical management.
An experimental investigation into the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation on diesel (2013)

Samples of commercial diesel were subjected to 40 h of intense cavitation flow across a diesel injector in a specially designed high-pressure recirculation flow rig. Changes to the optical absorption and scattering properties of the diesel over time were identified by the continuous measurement of spectral extinction coefficients at 405 nm by means of a simple optical arrangement. Identical diesel samples were maintained at 70 °C for 40 h in a heated water bath, in order to distinguish the effects of hydrodynamic cavitation and temperature on the cavitated diesel samples. The commercial diesel samples subjected to high-pressure cavitation flow and water bath heating revealed a response to the flow and temperature history that was identified by an increase in the optical extinction coefficients of the cavitated and heated samples. The contribution of cavitation flow and temperature to the variation in spectral extinction coefficient was identified. It was concluded that the increases observed in the spectral extinction coefficients of the cavitated commercial diesels were caused by the cavitation affecting the aromatics in the commercial diesel samples.
Controlled source apparent resistivity tensors and their relationship to the magnetotelluric impedance tensor (2002)

The time-domain surface electric fields produced by a step current in collocated grounded sources can be represented by an apparent resistivity tensor defined by the relationship between the measured (time-varying) electric field and a reference field equal to the steady-state current density in a uniform half-space. A magnetic field response tensor is similarly defined for the horizontal components of the magnetic field. The 'magnetic field apparent resistivity tensor' is derived from a linear combination of the contractions of the outer product of the magnetic field response tensor. Frequency-domain apparent resistivity tensors are derived from the Laplace transforms of the corresponding time-domain electric and magnetic field response tensors. Both the frequency and time-domain tensors are independent of the source orientation where the sources can be approximated as (infinitesimal) dipoles. A simple combination of the frequency-domain (impulse response) tensors can be used to derive the controlled source magnetotelluric (CSMT) impedance tensor.