gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Navigation With Differential Carrier Phase Measurements From Megaconstellation LEO Satellites (2020)

An opportunistic framework to navigate with differential carrier phase measurements from megaconstellation low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite signals is proposed. A computationally efficient integer ambiguity resolution algorithm is proposed to reduce the size of the integer least-squares (ILS) problem, whose complexity grows exponentially with the number of satellites. The Starlink constellation is used as a specific megaconstellation example to demonstrate the efficacity of the proposed algorithm, showing a 60% reduction in the size of the ILS problem. The joint probability density function of the megaconstellation LEO satellites' azimuth and elevation angles is derived for efficient and accurate performance characterization of navigation frameworks with LEO satellites, and to facilitate system parameter design to meet desired performance requirements. Experimental results are presented showing an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) navigating for 2.28 km exclusively using signals from only two Orbcomm LEO satellites via the proposed framework, achieving an unprecedented position root mean squared error of 14.8 m over a period of 2 minutes.
Expression patterns of Id1, Id2, and Id3 are highly related but distinct from that of Id4 during mouse embryogenesis (1996)

The murine dominant negative helix-loop-helix (dnHLH) proteins inhibit the activities of bHLH transcription factors in diverse cell lineages (Benezra et al. [1990] Cell 61:49–59; Christy et al [1991] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88:1815–1819; Sun et al [1991] Mol. Cell Biol. 11: 5603–5611; Riechmann et al. [1994] Nucleic Acids Res. 22:749–755). Currently, there are four members in the dnHLH family, Id1, Id2, Id3, and Id4. In this report, we have performed a detailed comparative in situ hybridization analysis to examine their expression pattern during post-gastrulational mouse development. Id1, 2, and 3 are expressed in multiple tissues, whereas Id4 expression can only be detected in neuronal tissues and in the ventral portion of the epithelium of the developing stomach. The regions where Id1–3 genes are expressed, such as gut, lung, kidney, tooth, whisker, and several glandular structures, are undergoing active morphogenetic activities. The expression patterns of Id1, 2, and 3 overlap in many organs, except in the tissues derived from primitive gut. In the latter, Id1 and Id3 signals are detected in the mesenchyme surrounding the epithelium, whereas Id2 is expressed within the epithelium. The difference in the patterns of expressions of Id1–3 and Id4 suggest that the dominant negative transcriptional activity of these two subclasses of the Id family may have different physiological consequences. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Induces Apoptosis through the Unfolded Protein Response Activation of EGR1 (2016)

Alphaviruses represent a group of clinically relevant viruses transmitted by mosquitoes to humans. In severe cases, viral spread targets neuronal tissue, resulting in significant and life-threatening inflammation dependent on a combination of virus-host interactions. Currently there are no therapeutics for infections cause by encephalitic alphaviruses due to an incomplete understanding of their molecular pathogenesis. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV) is an alphavirus that is prevalent in the Americas and that is capable of infecting horses and humans. Here we utilized next-generation RNA sequencing to identify differential alterations in VEEV-infected astrocytes. Our results indicated that the abundance of transcripts associated with the interferon and the unfolded protein response pathways was altered following infection and demonstrated that early growth response 1 (EGR1) contributed to VEEV-induced cell death.
Cytarabine plus mitoxantrone versus cytarabine plus clofarabine as second-line therapy in AML. (2013)

e18001 Background: There are no comparative studies that can provide guidance about the choice of second line therapy in AML patients (pts). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 30 consecutive pts who underwent reinduction chemotherapy for AML with mitoxantrone and cytarabine (ACM) or cytarabine and clofarabine (ACC). Results: Baseline characteristics of the pts are described in the Table. Ten pts achieved remission after initial induction therapy in ACM group and 4 pts in ACC group (P=0.71). Median length of remission was 314 days (d) (81-874 d) in ACM group and 178.5 d (57-232 d) in ACC group (P=0.13).After reinduction in ACM and ACC groups 9 and 3 patients achieved remission respectively (P=0.4).One pt in each group underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant. After a median follow-up of 11.2 m (ACM) and 10.5m (ACC), 9 and 6 pts had died in ACM and ACC groups respectively. Causes of death were progression (ACM=2pts, ACC= 1pt), end organ failure (3 pts each) and unknown (ACM=4pts, ACC=2 pts). Median Overall survival (OS) was 18.4 months (m) in ACM and 13.1 m in ACC group (P=0.49). After reinduction therapy OS was 8.3 and 6.9 m in ACM and ACC groups (P=0.72). In our patient cohort we did not find any baseline characteristics that were associated with OS or achievement of remission after reinduction therapy. Conclusions: In our pt cohort both ACM and ACC regimens demonstrated the ability to induce remission as a possible bridging strategy to allogeniec stem cell transplant. Larger studies are needed to compare these two regimens as well as evaluate any baseline characteristics which correlate with OS or achievement of remission. [Table: see text]
Protection of Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Mice by Stearylamine-Bearing Liposomes (1990)

The cytotoxic activity of stearylamine-bearing liposomes against Toxoplasma gondii (RH strain) was examined. When tachyzoites were treated in vitro with liposomes consisting of 20 mol% stearylamine and 80 mol% phosphatidylcholine (130 micrograms/ml total lipids), more than 95% of the parasites were killed within 90 min. Intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg of 30 mol% stearylamine/70 mol% phosphatidylcholine-liposomes in mice shortly before or after T. gondii challenge afforded protection from death for more than 30 days to 70-80% of the treated mice, whereas all untreated mice succumbed within 9 days. The liposome-injected mice that survived remained symptom-free and behaved normally.
Use of the monoclonal antibody PAM4 to differentiate pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from chronic pancreatitis and benign nonmucinous cysts of the pancreas. (2012)

188 Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that anti-mucin monoclonal antibody (mAb) PAM4 is highly specific for PDAC and its precursor lesions. To investigate specificity further, we examined the expression of PAM4-reactive mucin in chronic pancreatitis and benign non-mucinous cystic lesions of the pancreas. Methods: A tissue microarray of PDAC (N=14), as well as surgical specimens from chronic pancreatitis (N=32) and benign non-mucinous cystic lesions of the pancreas (N=19), were assessed by immunohistochemistry for expression of the PAM4-reactive mucin, as well as MUC1 (mAb-MA5), MUC4 (mAb-8G7), and CEACAM6 (mAb-MN-15). Results: PAM4-reactive mucin, MUC1, MUC4 and CEACAM6 were expressed in 79% (11/14), 100% (14/14), 86% (12/14) and 100% (14/14) of invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PAM4 only weakly labeled 6% (1/19) of benign non-mucinous cystic lesions, 1 of 15 serous cystadenomas (SCAs) and 0 of 4 cysts with squamous epithelial lining (2 lymphoepithelial cysts, and 2 retention cysts with squamous metaplasia). However, the expression of MUC1, MUC4 and CEACAM6 was detected in 53% (8/15), 0% (0/15) and 13% (2/15) of SCAs, and in 4, 3 and 3 of the 4 cysts with squamous epithelial lining, respectively. PAM4 labeled 19% (6/32) of chronic pancreatitis specimens; however, this PAM4 reactivity was restricted to the PanIN precursor lesions associated with chronic pancreatitis. Inflamed tissue was negative. The expression of MUC1, MUC4 and CEACAM6 was detected in 90% (27/30), 78% (25/32), and 97% (31/32) of chronic pancreatitis. In all of the positively-labeled specimens, the reactivity was present in non-neoplastic inflamed pancreatic tissue in addition to PanIN. Conclusions: The expression of PAM4 was detected in only 6% of benign non-mucinous cystic lesions and in the precursor lesions associated with chronic pancreatitis. These results suggest that PAM4, in contrast to MUC1, MUC4, and CEACAM6, may be useful to differentiate benign non-mucinous cystic lesions of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis from PDAC. (Supported in part by NIH grant CA096924.)
Measurement of the presampled two‐dimensional modulation transfer function of digital imaging systems (2002)

The purpose of this work was to develop methods to measure the presampled two-dimensional modulation transfer function (2D MTF) of digital imaging systems. A custom x-ray "point source" phantom was created by machining 256 holes with diameter 0.107 mm through a 0.5-mm-thick copper plate. The phantom was imaged several times, resulting in many images of individual x-ray "spots." The center of each spot (with respect to the pixel matrix) was determined to subpixel accuracy by fitting each spot to a 2D Gaussian function. The subpixel spot center locations were used to create a 5 x oversampled system point spread function (PSF), which characterizes the optical and electrical properties of the system and is independent of the pixel sampling of the original image. The modulus of the Fourier transform of the PSF was calculated. Next, the Fourier function was normalized to the zero frequency value. Finally, the Fourier transform function was divided by the first-order Bessel function that defined the frequency content of the holes, resulting in the presampled 2D MTF. The presampled 2D MTF of a 0.1 mm pixel pitch computed radiography system and 0.2 mm pixel pitch flat panel digital imaging system that utilized a cesium iodide scintillator was measured. Comparison of the axial components of the 2D MTF to one-dimensional MTF measurements acquired using an edge device method demonstrated that the two methods produced consistent results.
Bet hedging or not? A guide to proper classification of microbial survival strategies (2011)

Bacteria have developed an impressive ability to survive and propagate in highly diverse and changing environments by evolving phenotypic heterogeneity. Phenotypic heterogeneity ensures that a subpopulation is well prepared for environmental changes. The expression bet hedging is commonly (but often incorrectly) used by molecular biologists to describe any observed phenotypic heterogeneity. In evolutionary biology, however, bet hedging denotes a risk-spreading strategy displayed by isogenic populations that evolved in unpredictably changing environments. Opposed to other survival strategies, bet hedging evolves because the selection environment changes and favours different phenotypes at different times. Consequently, in bet hedging populations all phenotypes perform differently well at any time, depending on the selection pressures present. Moreover, bet hedging is the only strategy in which temporal variance of offspring numbers per individual is minimized. Our paper aims to provide a guide for the correct use of the term bet hedging in molecular biology.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electroluminescence of New Conjugated Polyfluorene Derivatives Containing Various Dyes as Comonomers (2004)

Four new fluorene-based alternating polymers (PFR1-S, PFR2-S, PFR3-S, and PFR4-S) containing different comonomers (R1, R2, R3, and R4) have been designed, synthesized, and characterized. These polymers were found to be thermally stable and readily soluble in common organic solvents. Single layer LED devices fabricated from these polymers emitted bluish green to pure red light. Our results show that the color of the light emitted by the homopolymer, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diyl) (PDOF), can be tuned by incorporating R1, R2, R3, and R4 comonomers, which have narrower band gaps. The absorption and emission maxima of the copolymers varied according to the position of the cyano group in the vinylene unit (α- or β-position) and the type of incorporated aromatic group (thiophene or phenylene). Notably, PFR4-S showed pure red emission (CIE coordinate values x = 0.66, y = 0.33) that is almost identical to the standard red (0.66, 0.34) demanded by the National Television System Committee. PFR3-S also exhibited pure red emission (chromaticity values x = 0.63, y = 0.38), and its maximum luminance and maximum external quantum efficiency were approximately 3100 cd/m2 at 6 V and 0.46% at 4 V, respectively.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Ammonia on Non-Noble Metals (2020)

The electrochemical oxidation of ammonia has been studied in detail due to its inherent utility as a fuel cell reactant 1 for the remediation of wastewater systems 2 for sensors 3 and as a hydrogen carrier. 4 However, the bulk of the research conducted has been focused on the use of noble metal-based catalysts such as Pt, Pd, Rh and Ir due to their inherent activity towards the ammonia oxidation reaction (AOR). 5,6 Electrochemically, the ammonia oxidation reaction on platinum is a complex multistep reaction which tends to be sluggish and suffers from poor faradaic efficiency, with a variety of products being formed. Another notable feature of noble based systems is the tendency to become poisoned, by strongly adsorbed ‘N’ species. 5 These have been shown to build up over time resulting in electrode de-activation. In nature, transition metals are found at the core of AOR enzymes such as ammonia monooxygenase which suggests that it is possible to perform this reaction with non-noble catalysts. 7 With the issues surrounding noble-metal catalysts and following nature as an example, we have begun investigating the oxidation of ammonia with transition-metal based catalysts. To this end our investigations have revealed that it is possible to conduct electrochemical ammonia oxidation to NOx species with faradaic efficiencies of up to 100%, at appreciable rates with no evidence of catalytic poisoning (see fig. 1). This work represents a step forward in our understanding of the electrochemical AOR reaction and may serve as a foundation for future work in this field. 1. M. H. M. T. Assumpção et al., Int. J. Hydrogen Energy , 39 , 5148–5152 (2014). 2. L. Marinčić and F. B. Leitz, J. Appl. Electrochem. , 8 , 333–345 (1978). 3. A. Galdikas et al., Sensors Actuators B Chem. , 67 , 76–83 (2000). 4. F. Vitse, M. Cooper, and G. G. Botte, J. Power Sources , 142 , 18–26 (2005). 5. Z.-F. F. Li, Y. Wang, and G. G. Botte, Electrochim. Acta , 228 , 351–360 (2017). 6. S. Johnston, B. H. R. Suryanto, and D. R. MacFarlane, Electrochim. Acta , 297 , 778–783 (2019). 7. J. A. Zahn, D. M. Arciero, A. B. Hooper, and A. A. DiSpirito, FEBS Lett. , 397 , 35–38 (1996). Fig. 1. (A) Chronoamperometry conducted in 1 M KOH + 0.1 M NH 3 over a time of 48 hours and (B) associated yields of NO x . Figure 1
A generalized control-canonical form for linear time-varying systems (1985)

In the first part of this paper, it is shown that a SISO linear time-varying n-dimensional N-step reachable (where N > n) discrete-time system can be put into a control canonical form by augmenting the system state. This result is then used to design N-dimensional output feedback controllers which result in a closed-loop system that is equivalent to a time-invariant system with assignable poles.
Dynamical phase transitions in a parametrically modulated radio-frequency laser (1991)

In this contribution, we discuss dynamical phase-transition-like behavior in dynamical systems and give evidence for the occurrence of such effects in an experimental, parametrically modulated radio-frequency laser. We elucidate the connection between a generalized scaling behavior that depends on two scaling exponents, i.e., the fractal dimensions and the Lyapunov exponents, and the procedures available for the evaluation of scaling functions of Lyapunov exponents from experimental data.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Michael Reaction of an α‐Cyano Weinreb Amide Catalyzed by a Rhodium Complex with Trans‐Chelating Chiral Diphosphine PhTRAP. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Blind adaptive decision feedback multiuser detector for DS-CDMA with power estimation (2003)

In this paper we propose a new blind adaptive decision-feedback multiuser detector (BADFP) for synchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. The BADFP algorithm is a stochastic adaptive gradient type algorithm that incorporates power estimation of the user of interest to enhance the performance of the detector. It is assumed that full power control is in place and all the users are equally powered. The proposed algorithm requires the knowledge of the signature sequence of the desired user. The simulation results show that the performance of the BADFP algorithm is comparable with the ideal blind linear minimum output energy (MOE) detector.
Characterization of chemically defined neurons and their cellular relationships by combined immunocytochemistry and radioautographic localization of transmitter uptake sites (1986)

Abstract Radioautography and immunocytochemistry may be combined at the light and electron microscopic levels for simultaneously localizing uptake sites for exogenous transmitter molecules [such as ( 3 H)monoamines or ( 3 H)amino acids] and endogenous transmitter‐related antigens (classical transmitters and their synthesizing enzymes as well as neuropeptides) in the central nervous system. Silver grain accumulations indicative of transmitter uptake sites are readily distinguishable from immunocytochemical labels of the peroxidase‐antiperoxidase (PAP), avitin‐biotin, or colloidal gold methods. The combination of uptake radioautography and immunocytochemistry may be applied to the investigation of (1) the chemical identity of ( 3 H) transmitter‐accumulating elements, (2) the coexistence of different neurotransmitters within the same neurons, and (3) the cellular basis of interactions between certain neurotransmitters, in particular monoamines, GABA, and neuropeptides. This article describes and evaluates the method and reviews the available experimental data derived from its application.
Osteotomía para descarga de la artrosis en varo de la articulación tibiotarsiana superior (2010)

aClinica Ortopedica, Hospital cantonal Liestal, Suiza. bHospital Universitario, Basilea, Suiza. Resumen Objetivo Correccion conservadora del eje articular en la desviacion en varo sintomatica del retropie mediante la realizacion de una osteotomia correctora a la altura del calcaneo o de la tibia distal. La realineacion de las fuerzas intraarticulares aplicadas ralentizara el proceso degenerativo de la articulacion tibiotarsiana superior e inferior.
Comparison of the growth inhibitory and bacteriocidal effects of taurolidine and taurultam on a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli (1992)

Journal Article Comparison of the growth inhibitory and bacteriocidal effects of taurolidine and taurultam on a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli Get access D.S. Jones, D.S. Jones School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S.P. Gorman, S.P. Gorman School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D.F. McCafferty, D.F. McCafferty School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A.D. Woolfson A.D. Woolfson School of Pharmacy, The Queen's University of Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 14, Issue 1, 1 January 1992, Pages 5–9, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1992.tb00634.x Published: 01 January 1992 Article history Received: 24 September 1991 Accepted: 25 September 1991 Published: 01 January 1992
An evaluation of antioxidant effects on recovery from postischemic acute renal failure. (1994)

Xanthine oxidase (XO) activity and hydroxyl radical (.OH) formation are widely proposed mediators of renal reperfusion injury, potentially altering the severity of, and recovery from, postischemic acute renal failure. The goal of this study was to ascertain whether combination XO inhibitor (oxypurinol) and .OH scavenger (Na benzoate) therapy, given at the time of renal ischemia, alters the extent of: (1) tubular necrosis and filtration failure; (2) DNA fragmentation/apoptosis (assessed in situ by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase reactivity); (3) early tubular regenerative responses (proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression; (3H)thymidine incorporation); and (4) the rate and/or degree of functional and morphologic repair. The effects of XO inhibition, .OH scavengers, and "catalytic" iron (FeSO4) on human proximal tubular cell proliferation in vitro were also assessed with a newly established cell line (HK-2). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 35 min of bilateral renal arterial occlusion with or without oxypurinol/benzoate therapy. These agents did not alter the extent of tubular necrosis or filtration failure, proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression or thymidine incorporation, or the rate/extent of renal functional/morphologic repair. DNA fragmentation did not precede tubular necrosis, and it was unaffected by antioxidant therapy. By 5 days postischemia, both treatment groups demonstrated regenerating epithelial fronds that protruded into the lumina. These structures contained terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-reactive, but morphologically intact, cells, suggesting the presence of apoptosis. Oxypurinol and .OH scavengers (benzoate; dimethylthiourea) suppressed in vitro tubular cell proliferation; conversely, catalytic Fe had a growth-stimulatory effect. These results suggest that: (1) XO inhibition/.OH scavenger therapy has no discernible net effect on postischemic acute renal failure; (2) DNA fragmentation does not precede tubular necrosis, suggesting that it is not a primary mediator of ischemic cell death; and (3) antioxidants can be antiproliferative for human tubular cells, possibly mitigating their potential beneficial effects.
High-Dynamic Range Video Cameras Based on Single Shot Non-Regular Sampling (2014)

Compared to traditional video acquisition, high-dynamic range video increases the visual experience, enhances the possibilities in post-production and simplifies stage lighting. However, existing techniques for high-dynamic range video capture are too expensive for low and medium budget cameras. Furthermore, they are not suitable to handle the most challenging lighting conditions. Against this background, the paper presents a novel technique for capturing high-dynamic range video. It is based on a non-regular mask of attenuation filters placed in front of a standard sensor. Compared to a traditional sensor with the same resolution, the captured image shows nearly the same amount of detail, but it has a much higher dynamic range. The achievable dynamic range increment depends on the underlying sensor capabilities. For highest quality requirements, a 12 f-stop sensor can be extended by 2 to 5 f-stops, a 14 f-stop sensor can be extended by 4 to 7 f-stops. The renouncement of bracketing avoids motion artifacts and reduces the data volume read from the sensor.