gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional characterization of CYP4G11—a highly conserved enzyme in the western honey bee <i>Apis mellifera</i> (2018)

Determining the functionality of CYP4G11, the only CYP4G in the genome of the western honey bee Apis mellifera, can provide insight into its reduced CYP4 inventory. Toward this objective, CYP4G11 transcripts were quantified, and CYP4G11 was expressed as a fusion protein with housefly CPR in Sf9 cells. Transcript levels varied with age, task, and tissue type in a manner consistent with the need for cuticular hydrocarbon production to prevent desiccation or with comb wax production. Young larvae, with minimal need for desiccation protection, expressed CYP4G11 at very low levels. Higher levels were observed in nurses, and even higher levels in wax producers and foragers, the latter of which risk desiccation upon leaving the hive. Recombinant CYP4G11 readily converted octadecanal to n-heptadecane in a time-dependent manner, demonstrating its functions as an oxidative decarbonylase. CYP4G11 expression levels are high in antennae; heterologously expressed CYP4G11 converted tetradecanal to n-tridecane, demonstrating that it metabolizes shorter-chain aldehydes. Together, these findings confirm the involvement of CYP4G11 in cuticular hydrocarbon production and suggest a possible role in clearing pheromonal and phytochemical compounds from antennae. This possible dual functionality of CYP4G11, i.e., cuticular hydrocarbon and comb wax production and antennal odorant clearance, may explain how honey bees function with a reduced CYP4G inventory.
Understanding the operation of light-emitting electrochemical cells (2008)

The ionic concentration (cion) is demonstrated to play a critical role for the operation of wide-gap light-emitting electrochemical cells. p-type and n-type doped regions are observed to grow from the anode and cathode, respectively, and form a light-emitting p-n junction when cion≥0.1 ions/conjugated-polymer repeat unit. For lower cion, the doped regions come to a full stop before making contact and forming a p-n junction due to an ion-depletion effect. Finally, the n-type doped polymer is observed to be unstable over time under inert conditions, suggesting that a chemical side reaction between the n-type doped polymer and the electrolyte takes place.
Gene‐expression signature of adhesion/growth‐regulatory tissue lectins (galectins) in transitional cell cancer and its prognostic relevance (2007)

The results demonstrate a complex expression pattern of the galectin network in urothelial carcinomas. Galectin-1, -2, -3 and -8 are both potential disease markers and also possible targets for bladder cancer therapy.
Large basilar perforator pseudoaneurysm: A case report (2016)

Basilar perforator aneurysms are rare and a communication between a basilar perforator and a separate pseudoaneurysm cavity is extremely rare. We describe a case presenting with high grade subarachnoid hemorrhage which on further investigation delineated a 2-3 mm dissecting basilar perforator aneurysm communicating superiorly into a contained 6 mm pseudoaneurysm cavity. This case illustrates an unusual neurovascular pathology with low potential for successful endovascular treatment such as coil embolization or intracranial flow diverter stenting. Conservative medical management remains the main stay of treatment for such poor surgical candidates.
New approach to characterizing the high-temperature superconducting transition (1988)

The shape of the normalized temperature derivative of the dc susceptibility provides useful information about superconducting materials. We propose that the position of the derivative peak be defined as the transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ and the width of this peak define its sharpness. The second derivative also helps the analysis. This method of parametrization is easily generalizable for other temperature-dependent properties such as the resistivity.
Bulk Heterojuction Solar Cells Containing 6,6-Dicyanofulvenes as n-Type Additives (2012)

P3HT/PC(61)BM bulk heterojunction solar cells containing varying amounts of different 6,6-dicyanofulvenes (DCFs) were fabricated and characterized. Photovoltaic cells containing ternary mixtures of P3HT, 0.5 equiv of PC(61)BM, and 0.5 equiv of 1,4-dimethyl-2,3-diphenyl-DCF (by weight) displayed average power conversion efficiencies of up to 4.5% under AM 1.5 irradiation, compared to 2.9% for reference P3HT-PC(61)BM solar cells. It was found that 1,4-dimethyl-2,3-diphenyl-6,6-dicyanofulvene could replace up to 50 wt % of PC(61)BM in 1:1 P3HT-PC(61)BM solar cells without sacrificing device performance.
Optimal Degree of Optical Circuit Switching in IP-over-WDM Networks (2012)

In this paper, we study the influence of technology, traffic properties and price trends on optimized design of a reference IP-over-WDM network with rich underlying fiber topology. In each network node, we investigate the optimal degree of traffic switching in an optical (lambda) domain versus an electrical (packet) domain, also known as measure of node transparency. This measure is studied in connection to changes in traffic volume, demand affinity, optical circuit speeds and equipment cost. By applying variable design constraints, we assess the relative roles of the two distinct equipment groups, IP routers and optical cross-connects, with respect to resulting changes in cost-sensitive network architectures.
Hierarchical MPC-based energy management and frequency regulation participation of a virtual power plant (2014)

A Virtual Power Plant (VPP) concept is utilized to manage multiple geographically dispersed energy resources. The purpose is to incorporate Distributed Energy Resources (DERs), Photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage units into the grid and to realize their economic and stable cooperation in a liberalized energy market. The paper proposed a centralized two-level hierarchical VPP controller to address both its commercial concerns and the participation into the energy market as well as the ancillary service market. The controller targets are attained with the Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy, with different objective functions and constraints in the two levels. The primary control employs the Lasso MPC approach to allocate power imbalance commands between PV energy system and the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). The secondary control mainly considers the income of the VPP, minimizing power purchase from the utility grid. Finally, a numerical demonstration is conducted using lumped system models, real weather and solar insolation data, as well as load data from the grid.
The effect of the Cotton osteotomy on midfoot sag during reconstruction of adult acquired flatfoot deformity (2014)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to elucidate the specific radiographic effects that the Cotton osteotomy confers when used in combination with other reconstructive procedures in the management of the flexible flat foot deformity. Methods: Between 2002–2013, 198 Cotton osteotomies were retrospectively identified following IRB approval. 131 were excluded on the basis of ipsilateral mid/hindfoot arthrodesis, inadequate radiographs or being less than 18yrs old at time of surgery. Parameters including the articular surface angles of the hindfoot/forefoot, Meary9s angle and a newly defined Medial Arch Sag Angle (MASA) were recorded. A matched group of patients who did not undergo a Cotton osteotomy but who underwent similar hindfoot reconstructive procedures served as historic controls. Results: 67 Cotton osteotomies in 59 patients with a mean age of 45 years (range, 18–80) were evaluated. Concomitant procedures included combinations of tibialis posterior tendon (PTT) reconstruction, Evans lateral column lengthening, medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy (MDCO). In all patients who underwent a Cotton osteotomy, there were statistically significant improvements in the articular surface angles along the medial side of the foot (p In comparison to matched controls, the Cotton osteotomy did not improve Meary9s angle but provided an additional 11.21° of MASA correction (p Discussion: This study confirms the Cotton osteotomy is a powerful surgical adjunct in flatfoot reconstruction and quantifies the additional 11.21° of MASA correction it provides when the Cotton osteotomy is added to a calcaneal osteotomy and PTT reconstruction. This has relevance as an alternative for selection of a medial column stabilization procedure, which is joint sparing.
FIELD EFFECT REVEALED BY 3D-MAPPING OF TELOMERE DNA CONTENT AND ALLELIC IMBALANCE IN WHOLE MOUNT PROSTATES (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008FIELD EFFECT REVEALED BY 3D-MAPPING OF TELOMERE DNA CONTENT AND ALLELIC IMBALANCE IN WHOLE MOUNT PROSTATES Christopher M Heaphy, Eric G Treat, Trisha M Fleet, Marco Bisoffi, Anthony Y Smith, Michael S Davis, Edgar G Fischer, and Jeffrey K Griffith Christopher M HeaphyChristopher M Heaphy More articles by this author , Eric G TreatEric G Treat More articles by this author , Trisha M FleetTrisha M Fleet More articles by this author , Marco BisoffiMarco Bisoffi More articles by this author , Anthony Y SmithAnthony Y Smith More articles by this author , Michael S DavisMichael S Davis More articles by this author , Edgar G FischerEdgar G Fischer More articles by this author , and Jeffrey K GriffithJeffrey K Griffith More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)62114-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "FIELD EFFECT REVEALED BY 3D-MAPPING OF TELOMERE DNA CONTENT AND ALLELIC IMBALANCE IN WHOLE MOUNT PROSTATES." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 725 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 725 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Christopher M Heaphy More articles by this author Eric G Treat More articles by this author Trisha M Fleet More articles by this author Marco Bisoffi More articles by this author Anthony Y Smith More articles by this author Michael S Davis More articles by this author Edgar G Fischer More articles by this author Jeffrey K Griffith More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Selective Hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> to Ethanol over Cobalt Catalysts (2018)

Methods for the hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> into valuable chemicals are in great demand but their development is still challenging. Herein, we report the selective hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> into ethanol over non-noble cobalt catalysts (CoAlO<sub>x</sub> ), presenting a significant advance for the conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into ethanol as the major product. By adjusting the composition of the catalysts through the use of different prereduction temperatures, the efficiency of CO<sub>2</sub> to ethanol hydrogenation was optimized; the catalyst reduced at 600 ° gave an ethanol selectivity of 92.1 % at 140 °C with an ethanol time yield of 0.444 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> . Operando FT-IR spectroscopy revealed that the high ethanol selectivity over the CoAlO<sub>x</sub> catalyst might be due to the formation of acetate from formate by insertion of *CH<sub>x</sub> , a key intermediate in the production of ethanol by CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation.
Elevated Troponin T and enlarged left atrium predict the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic kidney disease stage 4-5 (2020)

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are commonly co-existing conditions. However, data on epidemiology of AF in patients with CKD stage 4–5 is scarce. Methods We prospectively enrolled 210 consecutive non-dialysis patients with CKD stage 4–5 between 2013 and 2017. Follow-up data on AF incidence along with medical history, laboratory tests and echocardiography at baseline were gathered. Results At baseline, mean age was 62 years, estimated glomerular filtration rate 12.8 ml/min and 73/210 (34.8%) of the participants were female. Altogether 41/210 (19.5%) patients had a previous diagnosis of AF. After median follow-up of 46 [IQR 27] months, new-onset AF occurred in 33/169 (19.5%) patients (69.9 events/1000 person-years). Overall, 22/33 (66.7%) of patients with new-onset AF were identified with a triggering condition and 21/33 (63.6%) were receiving renal replacement therapy (dialysis or acquired kidney transplant) at the time of AF detection, respectively. In Cox proportional hazard model age > 60 years (HR 4.27, CI95% 1.57–11.64, p < 0.01), elevated troponin T (TnT) > 50 ng/l (HR 3.61, CI95% 1.55–8.37, p < 0.01) and left atrial volume index (LAVI) > 30 ml/m 2 (HR 4.82, CI95% 1.11-21.00, p = 0.04) independently predicted the incidence of new-onset AF. Conclusions The prevalence and incidence of AF was markedly high in this prospective study on patients with CKD stage 4–5. Elevated TnT and increased LAVI were identified as independent predictors for new-onset AF in patients with severe CKD.
“<i>cis</i>‐Trioxa‐tris‐σ‐homobenzol” Synthese und [σ2s + σ2s + σ2s]‐Cycloreversion (1979)

Abstract Durch zweifache NBS‐Bromierung (CCl 4 ) von 4,5‐Epoxycyclohexen ( 9 ) wird in 70–80proz. Ausbeute ein 59:5:36‐Gemisch der stereoisomeren Dibromide 11a – 13a erhalten. Diese können in Gegenwart von Tetraalkylammoniumbromiden verlustfrei äquilibriert, je nach Polarität des Lösungsmittels in ihrer Zusammensetzung gezielt verändert und durch fraktionierende Kristallisation in präparativen Mengen rein isoliert werden. Durch Halogenaustausch (Tetrabutyl‐ammoniumchlorid/1,2,4‐Tris(chlormethyl)benzol) sind auch die entsprechenden Dichloride 11 b bis 13b rein erhältlich. Aus den 1 H‐ und 13 C‐NMR‐Daten wird für 11a, b – 13a, b die gleiche Vorzugskonformation (geschlossene Wanne) abgeleitet. Ausgehend von 13a wird durch cis ‐Hydroxylierung (66–82% 14a + 15a ) und zweifache Epoxidbildung (überschüss. Natriumglycolat/THF 93%, überschüss. DBN/THF quantitativ) cis ‐Trioxa‐tris‐σ‐homobenzol (“ cis ‐Benzoltrioxid”) 3 , der natürlich nicht vorkommende 1.2:3,4:5,6‐Trianhydro‐ cis ‐inosit, einfach und in hoher Ausbeute (bis 59%, bezogen auf Cyclohexa‐1,4‐dien ( 8 ) erhalten. Mit DBN/THF kann unter milden Bedingungen spezifisch (93%)die 1,2:3,4‐Dianhydro‐ epi ‐inosit‐Zwischenstufe 15a isoliert werden. Das laut Röntgenstrukturanalyse planare 3 isomerisiert zwischen 400 und 550°C in der Gasphase praktisch quantitativ zum 1,4,7‐Trioxonin ( 22 ). Dieses hat wahrscheinlich den C,‐symmetrischen Sattel 22e als Vorzugskonformation und ist dann bis –90°C konformativ flexibel. Die 3σ → 3π‐Isomerisierung 3 → 22 wird als [σ2s + σ2s + σ2s]‐Cycloreversion mit dem trishomobenzoiden Übergangszustand 32 eingestuft. Gegen einen nicht‐kooperativen Prozeß mit Zwischenstufen wie z. B. 33 sprechen die hierfür an Hand mehrerer Modelle ( 4, 36 und 39 ) abgeschätzten kinetischen Daten.
Curvature of surface or interface and the solubility or vapour pressure. (1985)

Some problems are pointed out in the derivation process of the Thomson-Freundlich equation and in extended applications of the equation for the estimation of solubility and vapour pressure at the curved surface or interface. A serious misunderstanding in the derivation process is in the evaluation of the contribution of free energy of the surface or interface on the solubility or the vapour pressure. New ideas are proposed to solve these problems and using these results, the rate process for treating the deformation of a surface pattern is discussed theoretically.
Surface characterization of ruthenium‐exchanged Y‐zeolite used in ammonia synthesis (1992)

Abstract NaY zeolite was cation exchanged with Ru and tested in ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure. Activities up to ∼10% of the commercial iron catalyst scaled by the active surface area were observed. Characterization of the zeolites with XPS was complemented with reference thermal desorption spectroscopy data on a polycrystalline Ru metal surface. The catalysts showed high thermal stability in in situ reduction–oxidation cycles. The chemical state of the Ru will be discussed. From shift measurements the Ru is metallic in the active state, but line shape arguments point to a cluster‐like particle morphology. The location of the Ru inside or outside the zeolite framework will be discussed.
System Evaluation and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of a Commercial-Scale High-Temperature Electrolysis Hydrogen Production Plant (2012)

Results of a system evaluation and lifecycle cost analysis are presented for a commercial-scale high-temperature electrolysis (HTE) central hydrogen production plant. The plant design relies on grid electricity to power the electrolysis process and system components, and industrial natural gas to provide process heat. The HYSYS process analysis software was used to evaluate the reference central plant design capable of producing 50,000 kg/day of hydrogen. The HYSYS software performs mass and energy balances across all components to allow optimized of the design using a detailed process flow sheet and realistic operating conditions specified the analyst. The lifecycle cost analysis was performed using the H2A analysis methodology developed by the Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen Program. This methodology utilizes Microsoft Excel spreadsheet analysis tools that require detailed plant performance information (obtained from HYSYS), along with financial and cost information to calculate lifecycle costs. The results of the lifecycle analyses indicate that for a 10% internal rate of return, a large central commercial-scale hydrogen production plant can produce 50,000 kg/day of hydrogen at an average cost of $2.68/kg. When the cost of carbon sequestration is taken into account, the average cost of hydrogen production increases by $0.40/kg to $3.08/kg.
A PCR Assay to Identify and Distinguish Single Juveniles of Meloidogyne hapla and M. chitwoodi. (1997)

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) bands that distinguish Meloidogyne hapla and M. chitwoodi from each other, and from other root-knot nematode species, were identified using a series of random octamer primers. The species-specific amplified DNA fragments were cloned and sequenced, and then the sequences were used to design 20-mer primer pairs that specifically amplified a DNA fragment from each species. Using the primer pairs, successful amplifications from single juveniles were readily attained. A mixture of four primers in a single PCR reaction mixture was shown to identify single juveniles of M. hapla and M. chitwoodi. To confirm specificity, the primers were used to amplify DNA from several isolates of M. hapla that originated from different crops and locations in North America and also from isolates of M. chitwoodi that differed in host range. In characterizing the M. hapla isolates, it was noted that there was a mitochondrial DNA polymorphism among isolates for cleavage by the restriction endonuclease DraI.
Forbidden Drugs : Understanding Drugs and Why People Take Them (1994)

Introduction Why use drugs? The consequences of drug use Cannabis The stimulants Psychedelics The inhalants Ecstasy Tranquillizers and sleeping pills Heroin and the opiates The nature of addiction Helping problem drug users Drug policy - a need for change?
Perhydroquinolylbenzamides as Novel Inhibitors of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 (2005)

High-throughput screening identified 5 as a weak inhibitor of 11beta-HSD1. Optimization of the structure led to a series of perhydroquinolylbenzamides, some with low nanomolar inhibitory potency. A tertiary benzamide is required for biological activity and substitution of the terminal benzamide with either electron-donating or -withdrawing groups is tolerated. The majority of the compounds show selectivity of >20 to >700-fold over 11beta-HSD2. Analogues which showed >50% inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 at 1 muM in an cellular assay were screened in an ADX mouse model. A maximal response of >70% reduction of liver corticosterone levels was observed for three compounds; 9m, 25 and 49.
Effects of intravenous versus intraatrial administration of doxorubicin on the function and structure of the heart (1984)

To evaluate the relationship of toxicity of doxorubicin to route of administration, we studied 21 mongrel dogs which were randomly assigned to one of three groups: 1) a control group undergoing intraatrial indwelling catheter placement but no drug therapy; 2) an IV group receiving weekly doxorubicin by peripheral IV bolus administration; and 3) a catheter group receiving weekly doxorubicin through an indwelling intraatrial catheter. After 8 weeks all dogs were evaluated hemodynamically and then sacrificed. Sections of right ventricle were evaluated by light and electron microscopy. Although no hemodynamic alterations were found in any of the three groups, significant ultrastructural damage consistent with doxorubicin cardiac toxicity was demonstrable in four of the six evaluable catheter dogs receiving intraatrial doxorubicin, but in none of the other 13 dogs evaluated. This finding suggests that the intraatrial administration of doxorubicin may lead to cardiac toxicity at a lower cumulative dose than noted with peripheral IV administration.
Correlation optics in progress: introduction to the feature issue (2014)

This feature issue of Applied Optics contains a series of selected papers reflecting recent progress of correlation optics and showing, in part, the trend from micro-optics to nano-optics.
Interaction of exercise and diet on GLUT‐4 protein and gene expression in Type I and Type II rat skeletal muscle (2002)

We determined the interaction of exercise and diet on glucose transporter (GLUT-4) protein and mRNA expression in type I (soleus) and type II [extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] skeletal muscle. Forty-eight Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two dietary conditions: high-fat (FAT, n=24) or high-carbohydrate (CHO, n=24). Animals in each dietary condition were allocated to one of two groups: control (NT, n=8) or a group that performed 8 weeks of treadmill running (4 sessions week-1 of 1000 m @ 28 m min-1, RUN, n=16). Eight trained rats were killed after their final exercise bout for determination of GLUT-4 protein and mRNA expression: the remainder were killed 48 h after their last session for measurement of muscle glycogen and triacylglycerol concentration. GLUT-4 protein expression in NT rats was similar in both muscles after 8 weeks of either diet. However, there was a main effect of training such that GLUT-4 protein was increased in the soleus of rats fed with either diet (P < 0.05) and in the EDL in animals fed with CHO (P < 0.05). There was a significant diet-training interaction on GLUT-4 mRNA, such that expression was increased in both the soleus (100% upward arrowP < 0.05) and EDL (142% upward arrowP < 0.01) in CHO-fed animals. Trained rats fed with FAT decreased mRNA expression in the EDL ( downward arrow 45%, P < 0.05) but not the soleus ( downward arrow 14%, NS). We conclude that exercise training in CHO-fed rats increased both GLUT-4 protein and mRNA expression in type I and type II skeletal muscle. Despite lower GLUT-4 mRNA in muscles from fat-fed animals, exercise-induced increases in GLUT-4 protein were largely preserved, suggesting that control of GLUT-4 protein and gene expression are modified independently by exercise and diet.
The impact of pre-patterns on the design of digital home applications (2006)

Recent research suggests design pre-patterns, structured collections of evidence-based research and design knowledge, provide a useful resource for design activities in emerging application domains. This paper extends previous research by exploring the impact of pre-patterns and tools to support pre-pattern exploration for the domain of ubiquitous computing in the home. We conducted an empirical study of 44 designers engaged in a two hour concentrated brainstorming and design task for the home of the future. Our results show pre-patterns are an easily adopted resource for designers that can impact even the earliest of design activities. We also provide insights for future development of pre-patterns based on designer feedback.