gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proton transfer reaction time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry monitoring of the evolution of volatile compounds during lactic acid fermentation of milk (2010)

We apply, for first time, the recently developed proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-TOF-MS) apparatus as a rapid method for the monitoring of lactic acid fermentation (LAF) of milk. PTR-TOF-MS has been proposed as a very fast, highly sensitive and versatile technique but there have been no reports of its application to dynamic biochemical processes with relevance to the food industry. LAF is a biochemical-physicochemical dynamic process particularly relevant for the dairy industry as it is an important step in the production of many dairy products. Further, LAF is important in the utilization of the by-products of the cheese industry, such as whey wastewaters. We show that PTR-TOF-MS is a powerful method for the monitoring of major volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) formed or depleted during LAF, including acetaldehyde, diacetyl, acetoin and 2-propanone, and it also provides information about the evolution of minor VOCs such as acetic acid, 2,3-pentanedione, ethanol, and off-flavor related VOCs such as dimethyl sulfide and furfural. This can be very important considering that the conventional measurement of pH decrease during LAF is often ineffective due to the reduced response of pH electrodes resulting from the formation of protein sediments. Solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) data on the inoculated milk base and final fermented product are also presented to supporting peak identification. We demonstrate that PTR-TOF-MS can be used as a rapid, efficient and non-invasive method for the monitoring of LAF from headspace, supplying important data about the quality of the final product and that it may be used to monitor the efficacy of manufacturing practices.
Time Domain Delay Extraction-Based Macromodeling Algorithm for Long-Delay Networks (2009)

This paper introduces a new time-domain approach for compact macromodeling of multiport high-speed circuits with long delays, characterized by tabulated data. The algorithm is based on partitioning the data in the time-domain and subsequently, approximating each partition via delayed rational functions. This results in a compact low-order macromodel in the form of delayed differential equations, which can be efficiently analyzed in the time-domain using circuit simulators.
A review of C-reactive protein: A diagnostic indicator in periodontal medicine (2012)

Periodontitis is a local inflammatory process mediating the destruction of periodontal tissues, triggered by bacterial insult. Recent evidence suggests the presence of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease may significantly affect systemic health conditions such as coronary heart disease, stroke, or adverse pregnancy outcome. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an acute phase protein which reflects a measure of the acute phase response. CRP is used as one of the markers of choice in monitoring the acute phase response because it increases to a relatively high concentration compared to basal concentration. CRP has been shown to predict cardiovascular (CV) mortality in recent studies, and elevated CRP levels have been observed in middle-aged patients with periodontitis. Combination of chronic infections like periodontitis with elevated CRP is associated with higher chronic heart diseases. The recognition of the relationship between periodontal diseases and atherosclerotic events is relatively recent and mostly based on the inflammatory hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Periodontal disease is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease and possibly one of its causes. Hence, even associations of modest magnitude have a large impact. The cost to the society directly attributable to atherosclerotic sequelae is very large. Periodontitis is treatable; moreover, it is preventable. Experimental conformation of this shows that another widely prevalent and preventable contributor to the burden of cardiovascular disease would be added to the options available of the clinicians and public health practitioners for the control of the epidemic of cardiovascular disease.
The role of CdS preparation method in the performance of CdTe/CdS thin film solar cell (2003)

A study of CdS films and how they can influence the CdS/CdTe solar cell interface is reported. CdS is prepared by two different methods. The first one is the closed-space-sublimation (CSS) and the second one is sputtering. Both methods, if they are used properly, are suitable to prepare cells with efficiencies larger than 14%. We found out that, in order to obtain high efficiency cells, CdS prepared by CSS has to be made in presence of O/sub 2/, while CdS prepared by sputtering has to be made in presence of fluorine. In both cases the films need to be washed in acetic acid or annealed at 400-420/spl deg/C in an atmosphere containing H/sub 2/. Both treatments seem to be effective in removing an insulating surface layer, which is formed during the CdS preparation. This insulating material could behave as a good passivant for the CdS grain boundaries.
Prognostic factors in laryngeal carcinoma: A multifactorial study of 416 cases (1986)

The prognostic significance of 20 clinical and histologic parameters was evaluated in a series of 416 laryngeal carcinomas treated between 1969 and 1981 at the Hospital de Santa Cruz y San Pablo, Barcelona, Spain. Clinical follow-up ranged from 2 to 13 years. The variables considered were: age, smoking habits, previous laryngeal disease, duration of clinical symptoms, motility of vocal cords, interval between diagnosis and treatment, postoperative infection, topographic location of the tumor, previous tracheostomy, ulceration, tumor size, resection margins, histologic grading, patterns of growth, types of invasion, mitotic index, depth of invasion, positive lymph nodes, T categories and N categories. Fourteen parameters were found to be significantly related to survival. After a multifactorial study using Cox's life table regression model, 5 of those 14 parameters were found to influence survival independently. The five variables ordered according to prognostic significance were: (1) positive lymph nodes, (2) T categories, (3) histologic grading, (4) ulceration, and (5) location.
An adaptive user interface based on personalized learning (2003)

This adaptive user interface provides individualized, just-in-time assistance to users by recording user interface events and frequencies, organizing them into episodes, and automatically deriving patterns. It also builds, maintains, and makes suggestions based on user profiles.
Choline up-regulates BDNF and down-regulates TrkB neurotrophin receptor in rat cortical cell culture (2009)

In this study, possible involvements of choline and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in neurotrophic-related neuronal plasticity were investigated. Primary cell cultures from rat cerebral cortex were exposed for 72 h to the alpha7 nAChR selective agonist choline and protein expression levels of the neurotrophin receptors p75, TrkA, TrkB and TrkC were examined. The results revealed a choline-induced attenuation of the TrkB expression, whereas the other neurotrophin receptors were not affected. Further analysis of choline-exposed cell cultures showed an increased protein level of the TrkB ligand brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This increase was obtained in cell cultures where the alpha7 nAChR subunit was detected, but not in younger cell cultures where this subunit could not be detected. It is speculated that a choline-induced change of alpha7 nAChRs activity may have resulted in the observed increase of BDNF level and down-regulation of the TrkB receptor.
Monocytotropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants detectable in all stages of HIV-1 infection lack T-cell line tropism and syncytium-inducing ability in primary T-cell culture (1991)

We previously demonstrated a correlation between the presence of syncytium-inducing (SI) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants showing tropism for cell line H9 and the occurrence of rapid CD4 cell decline and progression to AIDS. In contrast, in stable asymptomatic individuals, we detected only isolates with low replication rates that were non-syncytium-inducing (NSI) and nontropic for the H9 cell line. Here, we investigated the monocytotropism of established HIV-1 isolates with a panel of isolates and with biological HIV-1 clones with distinct phenotypes. Moreover, the prevalence and biological phenotypes of monocytotropic HIV-1 variants in the course of HIV-1 infection were analyzed in comparative primary isolation studies on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). In cell-free infection studies with MDM from eight blood donors, 13 of 17 NSI isolates but only 4 of 14 SI isolates were able to infect MDM. NSI isolates also infected significantly more different donors than SI variants (median, 3 of 8 versus 0 of 8). This enhanced monocytotropism of NSI isolates was confirmed in experiments with biological HIV-1 clones with distinct phenotypes recovered from the same donor. To investigate the prevalence and biological phenotypes of monocytotropic variants in different stages of HIV-1 infection, sequential isolates from peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from nine asymptomatic individuals, five of whom progressed to AIDS and seven of whom had a known time of seroconversion, were recovered by cocultivation with both PBL and MDM. Monocytotropic variants were obtained from 37 of 42 time points. All monocytotropic variants were NSI in PBL culture and non-T-cell-line tropic, even when SI, T-cell-line-tropic HIV-1 variants could be recovered from the same patient sample by cocultivation with PBL. We conclude that monocytotropic HIV-1 variants mostly have an NSI phenotype in PBL and, in contrast to SI variants, are present at all stages of HIV-1 infection. These results suggest an important role for monocytotropic variants in the persistence of HIV-1 infection.
An unsupervised web-based topic language model adaptation method (2008)

This paper focuses on a solution to better adapt ASR systems, whose language models (LM) are usually trained on topic-independent corpora, to new topics, in particular in the case of broadcast news. We propose a new complete and fully unsupervised technique that selects keywords from each segment using information retrieval methods, to build a thematically coherent adaptation corpus from the Internet. The LM used for the initial transcription is then adapted before rescoring word lattices. Experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed adaptation technique with a significant reduction of the perplexity after LM adaptation. Word error rates are also improved in some cases though to a lesser extent.
Digital Photo Forensics (2015)

Abstract The abundance of graphics applications has made it easy for anyone to modify digital pictures. However, modified pictures can cause problems for fields where altered photographs may give the wrong impression. Issues arise when altered images are used to convey misleading news, alter a product's performance in advertisements and scientific research, or are associated with identity theft or court proceedings. Forensic imaging provides algorithms, tools, and techniques for detecting image tampering. This chapter focuses on the problem space and some of the more common approaches to address problems in this field.
Using NT-proBNP to Detect Chronic Heart Failure in Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2013)

Objective . To detect chronic heart failure in elderly patients with a registered diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) treated in Swedish primary health care using natriuretic peptide NT-proBNP. Design . A cross-sectional study. Setting . Two primary health care centres in southeastern Sweden each with about 9000 listed patients. Subjects . Patients aged 65 years and older with a registered diagnosis of COPD. Main Outcome Measures . Percentage of patients with elevated NT-proBNP, percentage of patients with abnormal left ventricular function assessed by echocardiography, and association between elevated NT-proBNP and symptoms, signs, and electrocardiography. Results . Using NT-proBNP threshold of 1200 pg/mL, we could detect and confirm chronic heart failure in 5.6% of the study population with concurrent COPD. An elevated level of NT-proBNP was only associated with nocturia and abnormal electrocardiography. Conclusions . We found considerably fewer cases of heart failure in patients with COPD than could be expected from the results of previous studies. Our study shows the need for developing improved strategies to enhance the validity of a suspected heart failure diagnosis in patients with COPD.
A hybrid ΔΣ fractional-n frequency synthesizer (2003)

Proposes a new frequency synthesizer architecture which uses a combination of known techniques. The architecture is evaluated by simulation and shown to reduce spurious content of existing fractional-N synthesizers. It also allows arbitrarily small channel spacing with existing fractional-N synthesizers.
Characterization of CCL19 and CCL21 in rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

The findings of the present study identify, for the first time, regulators of CCL19 and CCL21 in RA fibroblasts and in vitro-differentiated RA peripheral blood macrophages and demonstrate a novel role of CCL19/CCL21 in angiogenesis in RA.
A reliable low-maintenance flashlamp-pumped Ti:sapphire laser operating at 120 PPS (1994)

Flashlamp-pumped Ti:sapphire lasers have been reported to produce high-energy pulses with broad tunability. However, with the flashlamps operated close to their explosion energy, and thermal loading effects in the laser rod, these lasers were restricted to low repetition rates (typically around 10 PPS). Higher repetition rates at constant laser pulse energy reduce the flashlamp lifetime drastically. The author reports on a reliable flashlamp-pumped Ti:sapphire laser that has been operating at 120 PPS for over 10{sup 9} shots with the only cavity or pump chamber maintenance being flashlamp changes less than every 2{times}10{sup 8} pulses -- the lowest maintenance reported. A specular dual-lamp pump chamber was used to pump a 4 mm {times} 6 inches, 0.1% doped Ti:sapphire rod. This resulted in a very low lasing threshold, which ensured a stable output at low pump levels. The criterion for pump power was to obtain a highly stable output at the edge of the selected tuning range, from 790 to 860 nm. The combination of flashlamp walls, flashlamp flow tubes, and rod solarization.
A Stroke Shape and Structure Based Approach for Off-line Chinese Handwriting Identification (2011)

Handwriting identification is a technique of automatic person identification based on the personal handwriting. It is a hot research topic in the field of pattern recognition due to its indispensible role in the biometric individual identification. Although many approaches have emerged, recent research has shown that off-line Chinese handwriting identification remains a challenge problem. In this paper, we propose a novel method for off-line Chinese handwriting identification based on stroke shapes and structures. To extract the features embedded in Chinese handwriting characters, two special structures have been explored according to the trait of Chinese handwriting characters. These two structures are the bounding rectangle and the TBLR quadrilateral. Sixteen features are extracted from the two structures, which are used to compute the unadjusted similarity, and the other four commonly used features are also computed to adjust the similarity adaptively. The final identification is performed on the similarity. Experimental results on the SYSU and HanjaDB1 databases have validated the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Detection of Bacteremia with Liquid Media Containing Sodium Polyanetholsulfonate (1974)

Two liquid blood culture media, Tryptic soy broth (TSB) and Thiol broth, containing sodium polyanetholsulfonate were compared in 8,654 cultures. Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium (including Propionibacterium) were isolated significantly more frequently (P < 0.001) from TSB than from Thiol. Escherichia coli, Haemophilus, and Bacteroidaceae were isolated more frequently in TSB; however, the differences were not statistically significant. In no instance was Thiol superior to TSB in detecting bacteremia. In an additional 2,977 cultures, aerobic and anaerobic Vacutainer culture tubes with supplemented peptone broth were inoculated in parallel with TSB and Thiol. Significantly greater rates of detection (P < 0.01) in TSB or Thiol were noted with Pseudomonas, E. coli, Enterobacter, viridans, and group A streptococci, Bacteroidaceae, and staphylococci.
Time is Brain: The Future for Acute Ischemic Stroke Management is the Utilization of Steerable Microcatheters for Reperfusion (2019)

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and is one of the leading causes of patient disability. Treatments for intracranial intravascular damage as a result of stroke have evolved extensively over recent decades, as management has become increasingly innovative. Various prospective studies and years of data have refined the current guidelines for treatment of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and also reflect on the novel interventions for stroke management. Nonetheless, AIS remains a difficult and multifactorial etiology of disease to treat. As physicians adapt evidence-based knowledge to their interventional management of patients with AIS, the accompanied use of intravascular devices, such as steerable microcatheters, reduces radiation and procedure time. Considering all of the applications for steerable microcatheters, the use of these devices for AIS interventions may be most necessary.
Safe Air Travel. Preventing In-flight Medical Problems (1994)

Studies indicate that the incidence of in-flight medical emergencies is low, yet the huge volume of air travelers create the potential for a significant number of in-flight problems. Many medical conditions are aggravated by factors in the cabin environment, such as reduced air pressure, low humidity, turbulence, and immobility. In particular, reduced cabin pressure, occurring at higher flight altitudes, produces hypoxia and expansion of body gases, which may adversely affect those with cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, head, eye, ear, nose, throat, neurological, and obstetrical disorders. The risk of in-flight medical problems can be reduced through appropriate patient evaluation and counseling prior to flight. Education of both patients and health care providers is needed to promote safe air travel.
The Drive System of the DOE Near-Term Electric Vehicle (ETV-1) (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the dc, separately excited, motor drive system of the DOE-General Electric-Chrysler Electric Test Vehicle (ETV-1) recently developed under U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sponsorship.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Engineering details of all the major drive system components, including the motor armature, field controllers, and the microprocessor-based propulsion controller, are given with appropriate design and test results.</div>
High‐Performance E‐Mode AlGaN/GaN MIS‐HEMT with Dual Gate Insulator Employing SiON and HfON (2017)

A high‐performance E‐mode AlGaN/GaN MIS‐HEMTs is fabricated with atomic layer deposited 5 nm SiON/16 nm HfON and with atomic layer deposited 22 nm HfON gate insulator and their characteristics are compared. Plasma nitridation is employed in every atomic layer deposition cycle to deposit SiON and HfON dielectrics. SiON is used as an interfacial layer to ensure a high‐quality AlGaN/dielectric interface, and high‐k HfON is employed to realize a large transconductance, a high on‐state current, and a high on/off current ratio. The E‐mode AlGaN/GaN MIS‐HEMT with 5 nm SiON/16 nm HfON exhibited more excellent DC and dynamic characteristics than that with 22 nm HfON. The fabricated MIS‐HEMT with dual gate insulator showed a high on/off ratio of ≈1.2 × 10 11 , a low off‐state drain leakage current less than 10 −11 A mm −1 , a threshold voltage of 1.1 V, a subthreshold slope of 77 mV dec −1 , a specific on‐resistance of 1.34 mΩ cm 2 , and a breakdown voltage of 800 V.
Inhibition of Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase by Arginase among Yeasts: Correlation with Energy Production, Subcellular Localization and Enzyme Synthesis (1982)

Thirty-two yeast species belonging to twelve genera were examined for the occurrence of inhibition of ornithine carbamoyltransferase by arginase (epiarginasic regulation) and related properties. Obligate aerobes were devoid of this regulation. Among fermenting species, Schizosaccharomyces and budding genera had different properties: all Schizosaccharomyces species were devoid of this regulation whereas all species of budding yeasts showing a weak or absent Pasteur effect had this regulation. Strains showing a strong Pasteur effect and taxonomically related to Saccharomyces (Kluyveromyces had the regulation, whereas species classified in genera that include species which are obligate aerobes did not. We confirm that the absence of epiarginasic regulation is correlated with a mitochondrial localization of ornithine carbamoyltransferase but not with the function of the mitochondria in Schizosaccharomyces japonicus. In this case, compartmentation could serve to channel anabolic and catabolic functions. Although, in general, the arginase of negative epiarginasic species had no affinity for cytosolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase, one exception was found (Hansenula anomala). Regulation by repression of ornithine carbamoyltransferase and induction of arginase by arginine was the general rule. These types of regulation of enzyme synthesis were only absent in yeasts in which compartmentation is present and could serve as the basis for anabolismcatabolism exclusion.
A Scenario for Identity Management in Daidalos (2007)

Digital Identity corresponds to the electronic information associated generally with an individual in a particular identity system. This is used by online service providers to authenticate and authorize users for services protected by access policies. Having good identity systems can enable individuals to use effectively and extensively electronic transactions in a secure yet privacy preserving manner. In order to match the above purpose, this paper introduces an identity scenario, a user-centric identity management, in terms of VID - virtual identity, which concept is designed to protect a user's privacy and secure communication data, which contemplates the multitude of identities and roles we take on each time we turn on our computer, mobile phone or PDA.. Simultaneously, the associated identity management system with its related infrastructure is described. A key component, the ID broker, of the proposed infrastructure is also detailed including some interfaces and their related components. Furthermore, a method that allows a user to manage his/her service via the VID is introduced.