gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genotype x Environment Interactions of Winter Wheat (2010)

Winter wheat cultivars for organic farming have to be adapted to highly variable environments. Yield and yield stability, the nutritional value and the bread making quality are here of major importance. Particularly, seed quality, tillering capacity, regeneration ability after harrowing, weed suppression ability, resistance or tolerance against diseases and improved nutrient use efficiency (NUE) under limited nutrient conditions need to be improved by specific breeding efforts (Kunz et al., 2006; Löschenberger et al., 2008).\nTen winter wheat cultivars were grown in 2007 in two organic systems of the DOK long-term experiment in CH-Therwil.\nEight of these cultivars were tested in 2008 at three organic farms in different pedo-climatic environments in Switzerland to observe genotype x environment interactions under different organic conditions. In contrast to the DOK site on a fertile loess soil, the on-farm sites were located on sandy or sandy-loamy sites with lower inherent yield potential. We assessed grain yield, yield components and parameters related to baking quality and NUE. Grain yield at the on-farm sites ranged between 2.2 t ha-1 and 2.8 t ha-1 and was much lower than at the DOK sites ( 3.7 t\nha-1 to 4.2 t ha-1) (Hildermann et al., 2009). Cultivars and sites significantly affected grain yield. Genotype x environment interactions were significant across the three on-farm sites; however they were not significant across all five organically managed sites. Calculated across the on farm sites, there was a tendency towards higher yields of the organically bred cultivars. This effect was statistically significant at the lowest yielding site, where yield of the organically bred cultivars was 14% higher than yields of the conventionally bred cultivars. However, at the DOK sites and averaged across all five organic sites, the organically bred cultivars could not outperform the conventionally bred cultivars.\nSimilar to the grain yield, the total gluten content increased from the on-farm sites to the DOK sites. Irrespective of the site, the gluten index of the cultivars Scaro, Antonius and Caphorn was stable. In contrast, the gluten index of the cultivars Sandomir, CCP and Titlis highly varied between the tested environments. Yield was significantly correlated with grain N yield (r = 0.93) and nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency (NUtE) (r = 0.72). Genotype x environment interactions were not significant for grain N yield, however strongly significant for NUtE (p < 0.01). The conventionally bred cultivars strongly responded to environmental conditions and showed a low NUtE under at low N supply. In contrast, NUtE of the organically bred cultivars Scaro and Sandomir was stable across all test environments.\nBeside high yields, cultivars suitable for organic farming should achieve high baking quality and nutrient use efficiency under nutrient limited conditions. Among the tested cultivars, the organically bred cultivar Scaro revealed such a performance across all tested sites.
Développement d’un cadre de classement des résultats de la réadaptation pour documenter la progression des clientèles (2003)

Abstract: In the field of rehabilitation, documenting intervention results and the progress of clients is a major concern at all levels, be it clinical, administrative, or scientific. Using new information technologies, it is now possible to meet this challenge by developing an information system capable of taking into account the complexity of the variables involved. To identify those variables, 27 programs representative of the Quebec rehabilitation continuum took part in a study to identify progress indicators in abilities, life habits, and environmental factors. A harmonized framework for the classification of variables and progress indicators was validated with clients by the clinical teams. This framework is a groundbreaking tool and will be useful not only as a resource in individual client follow-up but also in program and policy evaluation support.
ChemInform Abstract: STREPTONIGRIN UND VERWANDTE VERBINDUNGEN 9. MITT. SYNTH. VON 4‐PHENYL‐2,3‐DIMETHYL‐PYRIDON‐DERIVATEN 363. MITT. UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR SYNTH. VON HETEROCYCLISCHEN VERBINDUNGEN (1971)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Aldehyde (Ia) und (Ib) mit Äthylmethylketon (II) ergibt die Kondensationsprodukte (IIIa) und (IIIb), die mit Cyanessigsäure‐äthylester und Ammoniumacetat zu den Pyridonen (IVa) und (IVb) cyclisiert werden.
Rumen Metabolism and Absorption of a 14C-Labeled Elastomeric Copolymer and its Value as a Roughage Substitute for Cattle (1981)

Several synthetic elastomeric and plastomeric polymers were tested for suitability as artificial roughages. They were fed to rumenfistulated cattle fed grain only. Several of the polymers were regurgitated, remasticated and reswallowed, and they formed thin strands of intermeshed fiber that produced a large, loosely woven hay-like mass that floated on the rumen contents. An elastomeric polymer consisting of copolymers of 80 to 90% ethylene and 10 to 20% propylene, with a tensile strength at yield of 45.7 kg/cm2, a hardness of 30 units (Shore D hardness scale) and a tensile strength at 300% elongation of 51.0 kg/cm2, was selected for further testing. The copolymer was fed at about 90 g/head daily for 127 days to cattle fed grain only. At slaughter, rumens contained an average of 8.0 kg copolymer (dry basis). Cattle fed the copolymer had healthier rumen papillae and epithelia of the abomasum and small intestines than did control animals fed grain only. Using 14C-labeled copolymer, we found that the copolymer was not degraded by rumen microorganisms or acid-pepsin solution. When 14C-labeled copolymer was fed to milking cows, no 14C activity was found in milk, blood or urine. Upon slaughter, about 100% of the 14C activity was recovered from digesta and feces. We concluded that the copolymer was not absorbed from the digestive tract.
199. Uric acid riboside. Part I. Isolation and reinvestigation of the structure (1961)

H. S. Forrest, D. Hatfield and J. M. Lagowski, J. Chem. Soc., 1961, 963 DOI: 10.1039/JR9610000963
Relation Between HLA‐DW and the B‐Lymphocyte Specificities (1977)

Homozygous DW typing cells were tested for six B-lymphocyte specificities. All four of the second locus specificities of B lymphocytes were strongly associated with the DW specificities. DW1 typing cells were B group 6, DW2 were B4, DW3 were B5, and LD107 were B3. The first B-cell locus antigens 1 and 2 tended to be uniform within the DW groups. From an analysis of the typing responses of a panel of cells to the homozygous typing cells, it has become apparent that the first B-locus specificity present on the homozygous typing cells also plays a role in determining whether a typing response is obtained or not. Thus, the DW3 typing cells were themselves B2 and B5, and cells having B2-B5 were most frequently nonreactive to DW3 in mixed lymphocyte culture. Homozygous typing cells therefore mainly detect the second B-cell locus antigens and, to a lesser degree, the first locus specificities. Stated another way, homozygous typing cells do not define a single specificity, but rather the presence of two B-lymphocyte specificities, even though their responses often reflect matching of only the second B-locus specificity.
Analysis of a Large Database of GCL-Geomembrane Interface Shear Strength Results (2009)

A database of 534 large-scale direct shear test results was assembled in this study to evaluate the interface shear strength between geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) and geomembranes (GMs). The tests were conducted between 1992 and 2003 by a single independent laboratory using procedures consistent with current testing standards. The number of results in the database allowed quantification of the impact of GCL type, GM type, normal stress, and procedures for specimen hydration and consolidation on the shear strength of GCL-GM interfaces, as well as identification of sources of shear strength variability. The interface shear strength was found to be sensitive to the type of GCL internal reinforcement, GM polymer, and GM texturing, but not to the GM thickness or manufacturer. On average, the GCL internal shear strength was observed to be higher than the GCL-GM interface shear strength when tested using the same procedures. GCLs sheared internally show similar stress-displacement responses and friction angles to GCL-GM interfaces that incorporate a GCL with the same reinforcement type. Hydration under normal stresses below those used during shearing (followed by a consolidation period) led to higher GCL internal shear strength, but lower GCL-GM interface shear strength, than when hydration was conducted under the shearing normal stress. Such different responses are attributed to bentonite extrusion from the GCL into the interface. Good repeatability of test results was obtained using GCL and GM specimens from the same manufacturing lot, while high variability was obtained using specimens from different lots. GCL-GM interface peak shear strength variability was found to increase linearly with normal stress.
Mechanism of Formation of Hydrogen Trioxide (HOOOH) in the Ozonation of 1,2-Diphenylhydrazine and 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine:  An Experimental and Theoretical Investigation (2003)

Low-temperature (-78 degrees C) ozonation of 1,2-diphenylhydrazine in various oxygen bases as solvents (acetone-d(6), methyl acetate, tert-butyl methyl ether) produced hydrogen trioxide (HOOOH), 1,2-diphenyldiazene, 1,2-diphenyldiazene-N-oxide, and hydrogen peroxide. Ozonation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine produced besides HOOOH, 1,2-dimethyldiazene, 1,2-dimethyldiazene-N-oxide and hydrogen peroxide, also formic acid and nitromethane. Kinetic and activation parameters for the decomposition of the HOOOH produced in this way, and identified by (1)H, (2)H, and (17)O NMR spectroscopy, are in agreement with our previous proposal that water participates in this reaction as a bifunctional catalyst in a polar decomposition process to produce water and singlet oxygen (O(2), (1)delta(g)). The possibility that hydrogen peroxide is, besides water, also involved in the decomposition of hydrogen trioxide is also considered. The half-life of HOOOH at room temperature (20 degrees C) is 16 +/- 1 min in all solvents investigated. Using a variety of DFT methods (restricted, broken-symmetry unrestricted, self-interaction corrected) in connection with the B3LYP functional, a stepwise mechanism involving the hydrotrioxyl (HOOO(*)) radical is proposed for the ozonation of hydrazines (RNHNHR, R = H, Ph, Me) that involves the abstraction of the N-hydrogen atom by ozone to form a radical pair, RNNHR(*) (*)OOOH. The hydrotrioxyl radical can then either abstract the remaining N(H) hydrogen atom from the RNNHR(*) radical to form the corresponding diazene (RN=NR), or recombines with RNNHR(*) in a solvent cage to form the hydrotrioxide, RN(OOOH)NHR. The decomposition of these very labile hydrotrioxides involves the homolytic scission of the RO-OOH bond with subsequent "in cage" formation of the diazene-N-oxide and hydrogen peroxide. Although 1,2-diphenyldiazene is unreactive toward ozone under conditions investigated, 1,2-dimethyldiazene reacts with relative ease to yield 1,2-dimethyldiazene-N-oxide and singlet oxygen (O(2), (1)delta(g)). The subsequent reaction sequence between these two components to yield nitromethane as the final product is discussed. The formation of formic acid and nitromethane in the ozonolysis of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine is explained as being due to the abstraction of a methyl H atom of the CH(3)NNHCH(3)(*) radical by HOOO(*) in the solvent cage. The possible mechanism of the reaction of the initially formed formaldehyde methylhydrazone (and HOOOH) with ozone/oxygen mixtures to produce formic acid and nitromethane is also discussed.
Orientation Relaxation in Sheared Polystyrene Melts Measured by <sup>13</sup>C SMAS-DECODER NMR (2001)

The slow magic angle spinning DECODER NMR technique is used to study the evolution of the orientation distribution function of phenyl rings in polystyrene during stress relaxation following cessation of steady shear flow. Natural abundance 13C is detected in commercial samples of polystyrene sheared at Weissenberg numbers of 33 and 3.3. Moments up to eighth order in a spherical harmonic expansion are used to characterize the steady-state distributions, and the orientational order is observed to decrease as the relaxation proceeds. Contour plots of the orientation distribution function as a function of time are reconstructed from the experimentally determined moments of the distribution. The results emphasize the resolution required to characterize fully the orientation distribution function in deformed polymers.
Potentiation of Disease-associated Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Mutants by Hydrolyzable ATP Analogs (2010)

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a chloride channel belonging to the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily. CFTR is gated by ATP binding and hydrolysis at its two nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs), which dimerize in the presence of ATP to form two ATP-binding pockets (ABP1 and ABP2). Mutations reducing the activity of CFTR result in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis. Two of the most common mutations causing a severe phenotype are G551D and DeltaF508. Previously we found that the ATP analog N(6)-(2-phenylethyl)-ATP (P-ATP) potentiates the activity of G551D by approximately 7-fold. Here we show that 2'-deoxy-ATP (dATP), but not 3'-deoxy-ATP, increases the activity of G551D-CFTR by approximately 8-fold. We custom synthesized N(6)-(2-phenylethyl)-2'-deoxy-ATP (P-dATP), an analog combining the chemical modifications in dATP and P-ATP. This new analog enhances G551D current by 36.2 +/- 5.4-fold suggesting an independent but energetically additive action of these two different chemical modifications. We show that P-dATP binds to ABP1 to potentiate the activity of G551D, and mutations in both sides of ABP1 (W401G and S1347G) decrease its potentiation effect, suggesting that the action of P-dATP takes place at the interface of both NBDs. Interestingly, P-dATP completely rectified the gating abnormality of DeltaF508-CFTR by increasing its activity by 19.5 +/- 3.8-fold through binding to both ABPs. This result highlights the severity of the gating defect associated with DeltaF508, the most prevalent disease-associated mutation. The new analog P-dATP can be not only an invaluable tool to study CFTR gating, but it can also serve as a proof-of-principle that, by combining elements that potentiate the channel activity independently, the increase in chloride transport necessary to reach a therapeutic target is attainable.
Hypervalent Iodine(V)-Induced Asymmetric Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Mediated by Reversed Micelles:  Novel Nonmetallic Catalytic System (1999)

Although several types of chiral hypervalent iodine reagents have been used for asymmetric induction, all of them have needed more than a stoichiometric amount of chiral reagents and have shown low enantioselectivities. The described new catalytic asymmetric oxidation using a hypervalent iodine(V) reagent, iodoxybenzene (PhIO(2)), in a cationic reversed micellar system provides the first example of a catalytic asymmetric oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides in high chemical yield with moderate to good enantioselectivity without the use of any transition-metal catalysts. The solubilization and activation of PhIO(2) by adding catalytic amounts of both cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and a chiral tartaric acid derivative were found to be indispensable for the enhancement of chemical and optical yields.
Studies on the <i>in vitro</i> transfer of DNA binding benzo[a]pyrene metabolites from rat hepatocytes to human fibroblasts (1981)

The release and reabsorption of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) metabolites were studied in isolated rat hepatocytes incubated with BP. There was a rapid uptake of BP by the hepatocytes which was followed by an excretion of organic as well as water-soluble metabolites. Upon further incubation the BP-dihydrodiols and BP-phenols were reabsorbed by the cells and finally excreted as water-soluble conjugates. The metabolism of BP by the hepatocytes also resulted in the formation and release of reactive intermediates to the incubation medium. The DNA-binding intermediates released from the cells were consistent with trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene-9,10-oxide(s) and 9-hydroxybenzo[1]pyrene-4,5-oxide(s). The BP-metabolites were found to bind to hepatocyte and fibroblast DNA. The degree of DNA binding was estimated as the formation of DNA strand breaks. BP metabolites formed within the hepatocytes and transferred to the fibroblasts were found to induce DNA strand breaks in the latter cells. Addition of DNA to the medium markedly decreased the fraction of single stranded DNA in these cells. Under conditions where the excretion from hepatocytes of BP-phenols and BP-dihydrodiols were increased, the amount of DNA strand breaks in the fibroblasts increased.
Enhanced Room-Temperature 1.6 μm Electroluminescence from Si-Based Double Heterostructures Light-Emitting Diodes using Iron Disilicide (2009)

2009 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Enhanced Room-Temperature 1.6 μm Electroluminescence from Si-Based Double Heterostructures Light-Emitting Diodes using Iron Disilicide
Standardization of Isolation Procedure and Analysis of Variables on Successful Isolation of Islet from the Human Pancreas (2006)

Background: Identifying the donor and isolation-related factors during the islet isolation would be greatly helpful to improve the result of human islet isolation for successful clinical islet transplantation.
Development of functional recovery training device with parallel mechanism for hemiplegic fingers (2014)

This paper develops a motor function recovery training device to perform intensive repetition of facilitation exercise for motor functional recovery of the hemiplegic fingers. On the facilitation training, active finger expansion can be realized and facilitated by stretch reflex. In this paper, novel parallel mechanisms, force sensing system with high sensitivity and resistance accompanying cooperation control method are proposed for sensing, controlling and realizing the passive finger flexion, stimulation tapping, stretch reflex, active finger expansion, resistance forces and repetition facilitation exercise. The effectivities of the device are shown by some experiments.
Amorphous ruthenium nanoparticles for enhanced electrochemical water splitting (2015)

This paper demonstrates an optimized fabrication of amorphous Ru nanoparticles through annealing at various temperatures ranging from 150 to 700 °C, which are used as water oxidation catalyst for effective electrochemical water splitting under a low overpotential of less than 300 mV. The amorphous Ru nanoparticles with short-range ordered structure exhibit an optimal and stable electrocatalytic activity after annealing at 250 °C. Interestingly, a small quantity of such Ru nanoparticles in a thin film on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass is also effectively driven by a conventional crystalline silicon solar cell that has excellent capability for harvesting visible light. Remarkably, it achieves an overall solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.3% in acidic electrolyte.
Noncanonical Roles of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinases in Cardiovascular Signaling (2017)

G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are classically known for their role in regulating the activity of the largest known class of membrane receptors, which influence diverse biological processes in every cell type in the human body. As researchers have tried to uncover how this family of kinases, containing only 7 members, achieves selective and coordinated control of receptors, they have uncovered a growing number of noncanonical activities for these kinases. These activities include phosphorylation of nonreceptor targets and kinase-independent molecular interactions. In particular, GRK2, GRK3, and GRK5 are the predominant members expressed in the heart. Their canonical and noncanonical actions within cardiac and other tissues have significant implications for cardiovascular function in healthy animals and for the development and progression of disease. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the activity of these kinases, and particularly the role of GRK2 and GRK5 in the molecular alterations that occur during heart failure. This review further highlights areas of GRK regulation that remain poorly understood and how they may represent novel targets for therapeutic development.
Bioavailability of phenanthrene in artificial and natural soils (2005)

Bioavailability of phenanthrene in artificial and natural soils
Bioavailability of phenanthrene in artificial and natural soils
Myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL)-1 regulates synovial inflammation and bone erosion associated with autoimmune arthritis (2010)

DNAX adaptor protein 12 (DAP12) is a trans-membrane adaptor molecule that transduces activating signals in NK and myeloid cells. Absence of functional Dap12 results in osteoclast defects and bone abnormalities. Because DAP12 has no extracelluar binding domains, it must pair with cell surface receptors for signal transduction. There are at least 15 known DAP12-associating cell surface receptors with distinct temporal and cell type-specific expression patterns. Our aim was to determine which receptors may be important in DAP12-associated bone pathologies. Here, we identify myeloid DAP12-associating lectin (MDL)-1 receptor (also known as CLEC5A) as a key regulator of synovial injury and bone erosion during autoimmune joint inflammation. Activation of MDL-1 leads to enhanced recruitment of inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils to the joint and promotes bone erosion. Functional blockade of MDL-1 receptor via Mdl1 deletion or treatment with MDL-1-Ig fusion protein reduces the clinical signs of autoimmune joint inflammation. These findings suggest that MDL-1 receptor may be a therapeutic target for treatment of immune-mediated skeletal disorders.
IP Addressing and Subnetting, Including IPv6 (1999)

Internetworking Protocol (IP) addresses are the unique numeric identifiers required of every device connected to the Internet. They allow for the precise routing of data across very complex worldwide internetworks. The rules for their format and use are governed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) of the The Internet SOCiety (ISOC). In response to the exponential increase in demand for new IP addresses, the IETF has finalized its revision on IP addressing as IP Version 6, also know as IPng (ng = Next Generation). Key hardware vendors such as Cisco and major Internet Service Providers such as America Online have already announced plans to migrate to IP Version 6.IP allocation within an organization requires a lot of long-term planning. This timely publication addresses the administrator and engineer's need to know how IP 6 impacts their enterprise networks * Ideal for companies planning a phased migration from IP 4 to IP 6* Timely publication: The IETF standard was finalized in early 1999 and will begin to be implemented in late 1999/2000. The current IP Version 4 set will be exhausted by 2003* The book will focus on planning and configuring networks and devices for IP 6. Specifically, it will cover how to: * Increase the IP size from 32 bits to 128 bits * Support more levels of addressing hierarchy * Support an increased number of addressable nodes * Support simpler auto-configuration of addresses * Improve the scalability of multicast routing by adding a scope field to multicast addresses * Use a new anycast address to send a packet to any one of a group of nodes