gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Australian Loan Council (1977)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Role of Matrix Gla Protein in Parathyroid Hormone Inhibition of Osteoblast Mineralization (2005)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) exerts biphasic effects on bone, dependent on the frequency and dose of administration. The catabolic actions of PTH on bone have been associated with continuous treatment, an increase in osteoblast-mediated resorption of bone via osteoclast activation, and inhibition of osteoblast activity and mineralization. Downregulation of differentiation markers and inhibition of mineralization by PTH have been reported in primary calvarial explants and osteoblast cell lines. Using MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells, we have shown that matrix Gla protein (MGP) can be induced by PTH, and that this induction may explain the PTH-mediated inhibition of osteoblast biomineralization. MGP is a known inhibitor of mineralization, and mice deficient in Mgp show severe vascular calcification and premature bone mineralization. This review discusses the role of MGP in mineralization, comparing bone and vascular mineralization. In addition to MGP, the regulation and possible role of osteopontin, another known regulator of osteoblast mineralization, in PTH-mediated regulation of bone and vascular mineralization is discussed.
Surface states and topological invariants in three-dimensional topological insulators: Application to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Bi</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>Sb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2008)

We study the electronic surface states of the semiconducting alloy bismuth antimony $({\text{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Sb}}_{x})$. Using a phenomenological tight-binding model, we show that the Fermi surface for the 111 surface states encloses an odd number of time-reversal-invariant momenta (TRIM) in the surface Brillouin zone. This confirms that the alloy is a strong topological insulator in the (1;111) ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ topological class. We go on to develop general arguments which show that spatial symmetries lead to additional topological structure of the bulk energy bands, and impose further constraints on the surface band structure. Inversion-symmetric band structures are characterized by eight ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ ``parity invariants,'' which include the four ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ invariants defined by time-reversal symmetry. The extra invariants determine the ``surface fermion parity,'' which specifies which surface TRIM are enclosed by an odd number of electron or hole pockets. We provide a simple proof of this result, which provides a direct link between the surface-state structure and the parity eigenvalues characterizing the bulk. Using this result, we make specific predictions for the surface-state structure for several faces of ${\text{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Sb}}_{x}$. We next show that mirror-invariant band structures are characterized by an integer ``mirror Chern number'' ${n}_{\mathcal{M}}$, which further constrains the surface states. We show that the sign of ${n}_{\mathcal{M}}$ in the topological insulator phase of ${\text{Bi}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Sb}}_{x}$ is related to a previously unexplored ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ parameter in the $L$ point $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\cdot}\mathbf{p}$ theory of pure bismuth, which we refer to as the ``mirror chirality'' $\ensuremath{\eta}$. The value of $\ensuremath{\eta}$ predicted by the tight-binding model for bismuth disagrees with the value predicted by a more fundamental pseudopotential calculation. This explains a subtle disagreement between our tight-binding surface-state calculation and previous first-principles calculations of the surface states of bismuth. This suggests that the tight-binding parameters in the Liu-Allen model of bismuth need to be reconsidered. Implications for existing and future angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments and spin-polarized ARPES experiments will be discussed.
Direct derivation of maize plant and crop height from low-cost time-of-flight camera measurements (2016)

We recommend the combination of multiple low-cost 3D camera measurements, removal of measurement artefacts, and the inclusion of correction functions to improve the quality of crop height measurements. Operating low-cost 3D cameras under field conditions on agricultural machines or on autonomous platforms can offer time and cost efficient tools for capturing the spatial distribution of crop heights directly in the field and subsequently to advance agricultural efficiency and productivity. More general, all processes which include the 3D geometry of natural objects can profit from low-cost methods producing 3D geodata.
Age and Hormonal Dependence of Acquisition of Oocyte Competence for Embryogenesis in Prepubertal Calves1 (1997)

This research was designed to improve our understanding of oocyte maturation and acquisition of developmental competence of oocytes using prepubertal heifers as a model. Oocytes were collected by ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval from 20 age-matched calves at 5, 7, 9, and 11 mo of age that had or had not received gonadotropin stimulation. Numbers of oocytes recovered from unstimulated heifers decreased with age, being 15 +/- 2, 12 +/- 1, 7 +/- 1, and 7 +/- 1 (for 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-mo-old calves, respectively). Corresponding numbers for the gonadotropin-stimulated heifers were 18 +/- 2, 16 +/- 2, 13 +/- 1, and 15 +/- 2. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were graded from A to D on the basis of their morphology, and the better-grade A and B oocytes were used for in vitro maturation and fertilization. A higher proportion of grade A and B oocytes was found for the stimulated vs. unstimulated prepubertal calves at 5 mo of age (92% vs. 49%, p < 0.05) and 7 mo of age (96% vs. 63%, p < 0.05), but the improvement of this parameter by stimulation was not significant for peri- and postpubertal calves at 9 (53% vs. 38%, p > 0.05) and 11 (53% vs. 38%, p > 0.05) mo of age. Embryo development to morula and blastocyst stages was poorer (0-11%, p < 0.05) for oocytes collected from unstimulated calves at 5-9 mo of age than for those from the age-matched but gonadotropin-stimulated groups (10%, 39%, and 31%, at 5, 7, and 9 mo of age, respectively). In calves 11 mo of age, embryo development to morula and blastocyst stages was similar with and without gonadotropin stimulation (48% vs. 40%, p > 0.05) and was comparable to that of adult cow oocytes (45%, p > 0.05). The data suggest that the acquisition of oocyte competence for normal embryo development in prepubertal calves is influenced by animal age and hormonal treatment.
노인의 문해교육 참여동기, 동기충족도, 자아존중감 (2018)

본 연구는 대한민국 충청남도 서산시 마을학교 문해교육에 참여한 비문해 노인 (N=181)들을 연구대상으로, 노인 문해교육 참여동기와 동기충족도 간의 관계를 조사하고, 문해교육 참여가 자아존중감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구에 의하면, 첫째, 문해교육에 참여하고 있는 학습자의 비문해의 가장 큰 이유는 ‘경제적 어려움’이었고,...
1 Virtual Experiments on Drag Reduction (2001)

This paper presents numerical simulations of external flow over a flat porous surface with blowing cross-flow that result in significant drag reduction at the interface between the boundary layer and the solid wall. Through parametric numerical experiments it is demonstrated that it is fundamentally possible to achieve a reduction in the shear force on the wall, if in the blowing (injection) process the velocity of the flow is controlled in conjunction with the free stream velocity and the nature of surface porosity. The results presented here demonstrate that the blowing flow uniformity is very critical to the drag reduction magnitude and even appearance. Non-uniformity is possible due to interaction of cross flow and free-stream flow. Further based on the analysis of the parametric results, the authors offer an explanation of the mechanism that apparently leads to the drag reduction phenomenon.
A Treatment Engine by Predicting Next-Period Prescriptions (2018)

Recent years have witnessed an opportunity for improving healthcare efficiency and quality by mining Electronic Medical Records (EMRs). This paper is aimed at developing a treatment engine, which learns from historical EMR data and provides a patient with next-period prescriptions based on disease conditions, laboratory results, and treatment records of the patient. Importantly, the engine takes consideration of both treatment records and physical examination sequences which are not only heterogeneous and temporal in nature but also often with different record frequencies and lengths. Moreover, the engine also combines static information (e.g., demographics) with the temporal sequences to provide personalized treatment prescriptions to patients. In this regard, a novel Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) learning framework is proposed to model inter-correlations of different types of medical sequences by connections between hidden neurons. With this framework, we develop three multifaceted LSTM models: Fully Connected Heterogeneous LSTM, Partially Connected Heterogeneous LSTM, and Decomposed Heterogeneous LSTM. The experiments are conducted on two datasets: one is the public MIMIC-III ICU data, and the other comes from several Chinese hospitals. Experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the framework and the three models. The work is deemed important and meaningful for both academia and practitioners in the realm of medical treatment and prediction, as well as in other fields of applications where intelligent decision support becomes pervasive.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL SULFONYLATING REAGENT: SULFURIC ACID‐HEXAFLUOROACETIC ANHYDRIDE (1980)

Abstract Benzol (I) wird mit einem Gemisch aus Schwefelsäure und Trifluoressigsäureanhydrid zum Diphenylsulfon (II) umgesetzt.
Analysis of random and 24h urine albumin in patients with early diabetic nephropathy (2011)

Objective To investigate the value of the detection of albumin in random urine for the screening of early diabetic nephropathy.Method Immune turbidimetry was used to exam 24h urine(group A) and random urine albumin(group B)in 100 patients diagnosed with early diabetic nephropathy respectively and the results were compared with clinical data.Results Microalbuminuria content of group B was similar to that of group A,with no significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion The quantitative analysis of random urinary albumin was equally applicable to the screening of early diabetic nephropathy.With specimens easily collected and high sensitivity,this method could clinically applied.
A Multimodal (Gesture+Speech) Interface for 3D Model Search and Retrieval Integrated in a Virtual Assembly Application (2005)

The goal of the project is the development of a multimodal interface for content-based search of 3D objects based on sketches. This user interface will integrate graphical, gesture and speech modalities to aid the user in sketching the outline of the 3D object he/she wants to search from a large database. Finally, the system will be integrated in a virtual assembly application, where the user will be able to assemble a machine from its spare parts using only speech and specific gestures.
Worldwide increased prevalence of human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) respiratory infections is well correlated with heterogeneous hypervariable regions (HVRs) of hexon (2018)

Human adenovirus type 3 (HAdV-3) respiratory infections occurs worldwide in both children and adults, leading to severe morbidity and mortality, particularly in the paediatric age group and especially in neonates. During HAdV infection, neutralizing antibodies are formed against the epitopes located in the hyper variable regions (HVRs) of the hexon protein. These neutralizing antibodies provide protection against reinfection by viruses of the same type. Therefore it is reasonable to speculate that variations of HAdV-3 in the HVRs could impair the immunity acquired by previous infection with a different strain with variation in its HVRs. HAdV-3 has recently become the major agent of acute respiratory infection worldwide, being responsible for 15% to 87% of all adenoviral respiratory infections. However, despite the increased prevalence of HAdV-3 as respiratory pathogen, the diversity of hexon proteins in circulating strains remains unexplored. This study was designed to explore the variation in HVRs of hexon among globally distributed strains of HAdV-3 as well as to discover possible relationship among them, thus possibly shedding light on the cause for the increased prevalence of HAdV-3. In this study, for the first time we analysed the hexon proteins of all 248 available strains of HAdV-3 from the NCBI database and compared them with those of the HAdV-3 prototype (GB stain). We found that the HVRs of HAdV-3 strains circulating worldwide were highly heterogeneous and have been mutating continuously since -their original isolation. Based on their immense heterogeneity, the strains can be categorized into 25 hexon variants (3Hv-1 to 3Hv-25), 4 of which (3Hv-1 to 3Hv-4) comprises 80% of the strains. This heterogeneity may explain why HAdV-3 has become the most prevalent HAdVs type worldwide. The heterogeneity of hexon proteins also shows that the development of a vaccine against HAdV-3 might be challenging. The data on hexon variants provided here may be useful for the future epidemiological study of HAdV-3 infection.
A risk-based food inspection program. (2007)

The inspection of food facilities is a crucial public service designed to prevent foodborne illnesses among retail food consumers. To enhance the existing food inspection process in San Bernardino County, California, a risk-based food inspection program and assessment instrument has been developed and proposed. A literature review and interviews with health professionals were conducted to establish a baseline understanding of various inspection procedures currently being employed throughout the nation. San Bernardino subsequently developed an assessment instrument and attendant inspection schedules that reflect best practices. The proposed inspection model categorizes food facilities as high, moderate, or low risk according to food properties, service population characteristics, facility history, and predefined operational risks. The San Bernardino model supports health department decision making with respect to inspection resource allocation and also makes possible sliding permit fees that reflect the relative risk associated with each facility.
Textbook of gynecology (1977)

. . . to serve the requirements of the gynecologic specialist. Unfortunately, because of its unevenness, this text fails to satisfy these proposed objectives. The contributors are an extremely varied group, ranging from acknowledged scientists and clinicians to unknown authors. Perhaps we can imagine the harried editor trying first to capture contributors at meetings, then falling back on his own present and former faculty, and finally realizing, as the deadline approaches, that his fill-in contributors have failed to reach his standards or objectives. Strong editing does not appear to have taken place in this text. This in no way detracts from some of the individual contributions: after reading both William Ledger on infections and infestations of the lower genital tract and Roger Kempers on the menopause, I was extremely encouraged. Both had written succinct statements that showed the depth of their knowledge, and they added inter¬ esting concepts based on their experi¬ ence. In contrast, endocrinopathies and infertility, discussed by Michael Arrata, suffer from an aura of overcompleteness and a lack of refinement that comes with experience. Elizabeth Connell, on family planning, has displayed great objective knowledge, but unfortu¬ nately the chapter gives the uncom¬ fortable feeling that she has not treated many patients. I object to James Krieger's statement that ladies tend to attribute any pain occurring between the umbilicus and the knees to
Odor Perception Phenotypes: Multiple, Specific Hyperosmias to Musks (1996)

Olfactory detection thresholds for 11 structurally diverse musk odorants and one non-musk odorant were obtained from 32 subjects. Hierarchical cluster analysis produced four groups of subjects. One group (n = 12) was uniformly sensitive to all musks; another (n = 16) was uniformly insensitive. Two groups of subjects contained otherwise insensitive individuals who were exceptionally sensitive to cyclopentadecanone and musk xylol (n = 2) and to delta9-hexadecenolactone and tonalid (n = 2) respectively. We propose that the latter two groups are odor perception phenotypes (MSHM1 and MSHM2) that consist of multiple, specific hyperosmias to musk odorants.
Mineralogical Associations of Mercury in FGD Products (2012)

The natural mode of retention of mercury (Hg) in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) gypsum used in wallboard manufacturing has been investigated using a series of phase-targeted reagents. The sequence of batch extractions, based on the geochemical literature, allowed for separation of particular mineral phases and subsequent testing for the appearance of Hg in the resulting extract. Results indicated that Hg was associated with two distinct phases. Most of the Hg was solubilized by the extraction targeting iron oxides and hydroxides. The reagent targeting the organic matter and sulfide minerals also typically yielded significant amounts of Hg. Analysis of the extract indicated the presence of another phase, possibly clay minerals, that may have been associated with the retained Hg in addition to, or instead of, the targeted phase. Hg was solubilized only under extremely acidic (pH < 1) and oxidizing conditions at high temperature. Virtually no Hg was found in the extracts produced by weaker reagents.
Dextrans and Pullulans: Industrially Significant α-<scp>D</scp>-Glucans (1977)

This symposium on extracellular microbial polysaccharides of practical importance would not be complete without consideration of the α-D-glucans, dextran and pullulan. The significance of dextran in man's practical affairs was apparent before its origin, identity, and name were established. Dextrans develop naturally in sucrose-containing solutions that have become inoculated with dextran-producing bacteria from air, plants, or soil. The resulting transformation of the solutions to syrupy, viscous, or ropey fluids, or even to gelled masses, doubtlessly has plagued man since the inception of accumulating and storing sucrose-containing foods and beverages. As early as 1813 (1,*2*)1/, reports described the mysterious thickening or solidification of cane and beet sugar juices, and later impediment of filtration and crystallization was traced to the occurrence of this condition. In 1861, Louis Pasteur (3) initiated systematic scientific progress by explaining that these "viscous fermentations" resulted from microbial action. In 1878, van Tieghem (4) named the causative bacteria
Advances in traffic control systems in the United States to facilitate urban mobility (1990)

Presents four areas covering some of the advances in traffic management systems which have been used in the United States in the battle against urban congestion. In the first two areas, integrated systems and ramp metering, the authors discuss exceptional practices using available technology which are being promoted for routine implementation throughout the country. The last areas, video imaging for wide area vehicle detection and in-vehicle motorist information, represent two applications of advanced technologies for use in traffic management systems. As development continues in these areas, and as technology advances, these applications may become more widely used, providing even greater opportunities for applying advanced traffic management techniques throughout urban areas. >
Performance of an aerospace plane propulsion nozzle (1991)

A novel inviscid and viscous analysis is provided for a nozzle that is used with a scramjet for thrust generation. The analysis is based on the theory of a two-dimensional minimum length nozzle with a curved inlet surface, where the flow is sonic or supersonic. Inlet conditions are prescribed and the gas is assumed to be perfect. Viscous and inviscid nondimensional parametric results are provided for the thrust, lift, heat transfer, pitching moment, and a variety of boundary-laye r thicknesses. In addition to global results, wall distributions of thrust, heat transfer, etc., are provided. The analysis demonstrates that the nozzle produces a lift force whose magnitude may exceed the thrust and a significant pitching moment. The thrust is sensitive to the inlet Mach number; it rapidly decreases as this Mach number increases. There is little loss in the thrust as the nozzle's downstream wall is truncated while the corresponding decrease in lift and the pitching moment is moderate.
A Method of Mapping Protein Sumoylation Sites by Mass Spectrometry Using a Modified Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier 1 (SUMO-1) and a Computational Program (2005)

Post-translational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) is a highly conserved process from yeast to humans and plays important regulatory roles in many cellular processes. Sumoylation occurs at certain internal lysine residues of target proteins via an isopeptide bond linkage. Unlike ubiquitin whose carboxyl-terminal sequence is RGG, the tripeptide at the carboxyl terminus of SUMO is TGG. The presence of the arginine residue at the carboxyl terminus of ubiquitin allows tryptic digestion of ubiquitin conjugates to yield a signature peptide containing a diglycine remnant attached to the target lysine residue and rapid identification of the ubiquitination site by mass spectrometry. The absence of lysine or arginine residues in the carboxyl terminus of mammalian SUMO makes it difficult to apply this approach to mapping sumoylation sites. We performed Arg scanning mutagenesis by systematically substituting amino acid residues surrounding the diglycine motif and found that a SUMO variant terminated with RGG can be conjugated efficiently to its target protein under normal sumoylation conditions. We developed a Programmed Data Acquisition (PDA) mass spectrometric approach to map target sumoylation sites using this SUMO variant. A web-based computational program designed for efficient identification of the modified peptides is described.
Molecular dynamics simulations of fcc-to-bcc transformation in pure iron: A review (2016)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been used to study the martensitic transformation in iron at the atomic scale. The paper reviews the available interatomic interaction potentials for iron, which describe the properties of different phases present in that system. Cases on the fcc-to-bcc transformation in iron by MD simulations were included in the present paper. Factors affecting the fcc-to-bcc transformation in iron were analysed: (a) structural factors, such as grain/phase boundaries, grain sizes and stacking faults; (b) simulation conditions, such as the presence of free surfaces, external stress/strain and studied temperatures; (c) the interatomic interaction potential. The main emphasis of the present paper is on results giving insight on the mechanisms of the nucleation and growth of bcc phase in iron. This review was submitted as part of the 2016 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged.