gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid State Chemistry in Catalysis (1985)

Catalytic oxidation reactions are divided into two groups: electrophilic oxidation proceeding through activation of oxygen and nucleophilic oxidation in which activation of the hydrocarbon molecule is the first step, followed by consecutive hydrogen abstraction and nucleophilic oxygen insertion. Properties of individual cations and their coordination polyhedra determine their behaviour as active centers responsible for activation of hydrocarbon molecules. A facile route for nucleophilic insertion of oxygen into such molecules by group V, VI and VII transition metal oxides is provided by the crystallographic shear mechanism, catalytic properties are thus dependent upon the geometry of the surface. The catalyst surface is in dynamic interaction with the gas phase, and changes of the latter may thus result in surface transformations and appearance of surface phases, which influence the selectivity of catalytic reactions.
Perspectives on Data Integration in Human Complex Disease Analysis (2019)

The identification of causal or predictive variants/genes/mechanisms for disease-associated traits is characterized by “complex” networks of molecular phenotypes. Present technology and computer power allow building and processing large collections of these data types. However, the super-rapid data generation is counterweighted by a slow-pace for data integration methods development. Most currently available integrative analytic tools pertain to pairing omics data and focus on between-data source relationships, making strong assumptions about within-data source architectures. A limited number of initiatives exist aiming to find the most optimal ways to analyze multiple, possibly related, omics databases, and fully acknowledge the specific characteristics of each data type. A thorough understanding of the underlying assumptions of integrative methods is needed to draw sound conclusions afterwards. In this chapter, the authors discuss how the field of “integromics” has evolved and give pointers towards essential research developments in this context.
Topography of βNGF receptor-positive and AChe-reactive neurons in the central nervous system (1989)

Recent reports have led to widespread interest in the role of beta-nerve growth factor (beta NGF) in the central nervous system. To learn more about the action of beta NGF in the central nervous system we have mapped the distribution of beta NGF receptors and compared it with that of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a sensitive enzyme marker for cholinergic neurons. In situ autoradiography revealed strong and saturable beta NGF binding to several groups of neurons in basal forebrain and brainstem. They also contain significant levels of mRNA coding for beta NGF receptors. beta NGF receptors and AChE are codistributed on the medial septal nuclei and in the basal forebrain, including the striatum. In the brainstem, beta NGF receptors are present on the neurons in the lower part of the reticular formation and in cochlear nuclei but do not correspond to the distribution of AChE reactivity.
Electrophilic heteroaromatic substitutions: reactions of 5-X-substituted indoles with 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (1993)

The SEAr substitutions of a number of 5-X-substituted indoles (1a–f), 5-X-substituted 2-methylindoles (1g–j) and N-methylindole (1k) by 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan (DNBF) have been kinetically studied in 70–30 (v/v) H2O–Me2SO, 50–50 (v/v) H2O–Me2SO, methanol and acetonitrile. The absence of a significant dependence of the rates of reactions on the hydrogen or deuterium labelling at C-3 of the indole ring indicates that electrophilic attack (k1DNBF)by DNBF at this position is the rate-limiting step of the substitutions. However, the k1DNBF rate constants are strongly sensitive to the solvent polarity, the observed reactivity sequence being 70–30 H2O–Me2SO > 50–50 H2O–Me2SO > methanol > acetonitrile. This trend is consistent with a highly dipolar transition state where the development of negative charge in the DNBF moiety is concomitant with that of a partial positive charge on the indole nitrogen. The finding of relatively large negative ρ values (–3.85) for the Hammett plots log k1DNBF=f(σpX)supports this idea. An interesting result is that the effect of the X substituent on the rates (k1DNBF) is the same in the four solvents studied and does not depend upon the substitution at C-2 of the indole ring. However, the Bronsted or Hammett lines for the 5-X-2-methylindoles are located about 1.5 log k unit below those for the 5-X-indoles in a given solvent, showing that the 2-methyl group causes significant steric hindrance to the approach of DNBF from the adjacent C-3 position. Rates of protiodetritiation of a large number of [3-3H]indoles have also been measured in aqueous solution. The data define a unique Brönsted line (βInH= 0.65), implying that the 2-substituents do not exert any steric effect on the rates of the exchange process and suggesting that the correlation can be used to estimate unknown pKa values of indoles with a free 3-position. Comparison of the rates of coupling of indoles with 4,6-dinitrobenzofuroxan with similar data for coupling of these heterocycles with p-nitrobenzenediazonium cation reveals that, despite its neutral character, DNBF is the most electrophilic species. DNBF also appears to be a much stronger electrophile than the proton.
A new framework for property transactions (2016)

The 'Real Property (Electronic Conveyancing) Amendment Act 2016' (SA) commenced operation on 4 July 2016. It made significant changes to the way in which most property transactions are to be lodged for registration in the Lands Titles Office (LTO). There is a transition period of four months from the commencement date during which documents in the old form can still be lodged. Banks have been allowed a 12-month period to change their mortgages. However, practitioners will need to adopt the new procedures as soon as possible so that they will be in a position to provide the new certifications in respect of all dealings that are lodged on or after 4 November 2016.
Robust Collimation Control of Laser-Generated Ion Beam (2015)

The robustness of a structured collimation device is discussed for an intense-laser-produced ion beam. In this paper the ion beam collimation is realized by the solid structured collimation device, which produces the transverse electric field; the electric field contributes to reduce the ion beam transverse velocity and collimate the ion beam. Our 2.5 dimensional particle-in cell simulations demonstrate that the collimation device is rather robust against the changes in the laser parameters and the collimation target sizes. The intense short-pulse lasers are now available, and are used to generate an ion beam. The issues in the laser ion acceleration include an ion beam collimation, ion energy spectrum control, ion production efficiency, ion energy control, ion beam bunching, etc. The laser-produced ion beam tends to expand in the transverse and longitudinal directions during the ion beam propagation. The ion beam collimation is focused in this paper.
CCDC 635593: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2007)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Effect of graft ratio on the dynamic moduli of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene copolymer (2002)

Abstract The effect of graft ratio on the dynamic moduli of ABS (Acrylonitrile‐Butadiene‐Styrene Copolymer) has been investigated. Unlike previous papers, the storage modulus at low frequency shows both minimum and maximum as graft ratio increases, and the rubber particles do not agglomerate significantly at high graft ratios. The dependence of the rheological properties on the graft ratio is quite complicated. This arises from its morphological change that leads to different interactions between the rubbery phase and the matrix phase. The minimum has been reported previously, and is explained in terms of rubber dispersion. However, the maximum at high graft ratio has never been reported. The origin of maximum seems to come from the repulsive forces between the long graft chains of neighboring rubber particles. Analogy between our experimental results and simulation results has been discussed to deduce the mechanism of maximum storage modulus at high graft ratio.
Poster abstract: water level estimation in urban ultrasonic/passive infrared flash flood sensor networks using supervised learning (2014)

This article describes a machine learning approach to water level estimation in a dual ultrasonic/passive infrared urban flood sensor system. We first show that an ultrasonic rangefinder alone is unable to accurately measure the level of water on a road due to thermal effects. Using additional passive infrared sensors, we show that ground temperature and local sensor temperature measurements are sufficient to correct the rangefinder readings and improve the flood detection performance. Since floods occur very rarely, we use a supervised learning approach to estimate the correction to the ultrasonic rangefinder caused by temperature fluctuations. Preliminary data shows that water level can be estimated with an absolute error of less than 2 cm.
Quantitative Measurement of Fibrillogenesis by Mass Spectrometry (2005)

In this chapter, a method for the quantitative determination of amyloid conversion by electrospray mass spectrometry is presented. Mass spectrometry is typically used for the purpose of measuring the mass of unknowns. However, the judicious selection of an internal standard permits the quantitative determination of protein concentration. For amyloid formation, this is particularly useful in circumstances where either the protein under study is in limited abundance, or separation of the precursor from other protein factors is impractical or undesirable. For the measurement of amyloid formation, internal standards are typically mass distinct variants of the amyloid precursor. In addition, the extreme stability of amyloid fibers permits assessment of residual precursor concentration with or without separation of fibers from unreacted precursor. Lastly, by using internal standards which are not amyloidogenic and do not interfere with fiber formation, electrospray mass spectrometry permits quantitative measurement of fiber formation in real-time and with small (pmoles) quantities of protein.
Die-to-database inspection of 256-Mb DRAM reticles (1996)

256 Mbit DRAM devices pose a great challenge to the mask manufacturers. Shrinking kne widths, tighter CD requirements, new lithography enhancement techniques, dense data bases, and higher sensitMty to half-tone defects require advanced process and inspection systems. The improvements and changes in mask manufacturing are translated into three main characteristics of a dietodatabase inspection system: Image quality, reference data injection and defect detection. In order to meet the challenge of inspecting 256 Mbit DRAM masks various enhancements need to be implemented in die.. to-database inspection systems which bring the above characteristics to the required level and supply the mask maker with a highly reliable and sensitive tool.
The Felty Syndrome: A Case-Matched Study of Clinical Manifestations and Outcome, Serologic Features, and Immunogenetic Associations (1990)

Thirty-two patients with the Felty syndrome, defined by the presence of rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia, have been studied in comparison with 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis matched for age, sex, and disease duration, and 9 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic neutropenia. Patients with the Felty syndrome had severe destructive arthritis, which progressed during follow-up despite little evidence of objective synovitis, and a higher frequency of extra-articular manifestations, including vasculitis. Bacterial infection tended to occur in patients with the lowest neutrophil count but continued to occur in some despite normalization of the WBC. Prognosis was poor and 8 deaths occurred, predominantly from sepsis. Serologic features were prominent. High titers of IgG rheumatoid factor and circulating immune complexes characterized patients with persistent neutropenia. A family history of rheumatoid arthritis was more common in patients with the Felty syndrome. The association with HLA DR4 was very strong; in addition there was an increased frequency of the DQw3 variant, 3b, suggesting that HLA Class II genes in linkage with DR4 may contribute to disease expression.
Fabrication and testing of artificial emerald ash borer visual decoys (2013)

The Emerald Ash Borer (EAB), <i>Agrilus planipennis</i>, is an invasive species threatening the ash trees of North America. EABs exhibit a mating behavior in which the flying male will spot a stationary female at rest, then execute a pouncing maneuver where he dives sharply onto the female. It is thought that this pouncing behavior is cued by some visual signal from the elytra of the EAB. A method for replicating the elytra of the EAB as artificial decoys was devised and implemented. In a field experiment, four types of bioreplicated EAB decoys with a dead EAB female to determine if the former were effective at cuing the pouncing behavior in males.
Model-Predictive Control of a flexible spine robot (2017)

The Underactuated Lightweight Tensegrity Robotic Assistive Spine (ULTRA Spine) project is an ongoing effort to develop a flexible, actuated backbone for quadruped robots. In this work, model-predictive control is used to track a trajectory in the robot's state space, in simulation. This is the first work that tracks an arbitrary trajectory, in closed-loop, in the state space of a spine-like tensegrity robot. The state trajectory used here corresponds to a bending motion of the spine, with translations and rotations of the three moving vertebrae. The controller uses a linearized model of the system dynamics, computed at each timestep, and has both constraints and weighted penalties to reduce linearization errors. For this robot, which measures 26cm × 26cm × 45cm, the tracking errors converge to less than 0.5cm even with disturbances, indicating that the controller is stable and could be used on a physical robot in future work.
The Evolution of Web Content and Search Engines (2006)

The Web grows at a fast pace and little is known about how new content is generated. The objective of this paper is to study the dynamics of content evolution in the Web, giving answers to questions like: How much new content has evolved from the Web old content? How much of the Web content is biased by ranking algorithms of search engines? We used four snapshots of the Chilean Web containing documents of all the Chilean primary domains, crawled in four distinct periods of time. If a page in a newer snapshot has content of a page in an older snapshot, we say that the source is a parent of the new page. Our hypothesis is that when pages have parents, in a portion of pages there was a query that related the parents and made possible the creation of the new page. Thus, part of the Web content is biased by the ranking function of search engines. We also define a genealogical tree for the Web, where many pages are new and do not have parents and others have one or more parents. We present the Chilean Web genealogical tree and study its components. To the best of our knowledge this is the first paper that studies how old content is used to create new content, relating a search engine ranking algorithm with the creation of new pages. 1.
Tangent bundle contour completion with early vision mechanisms (2011)

Visual contour completion is a classical vision problem which has been explored for over a century. Efforts to model the shape of the completed contour has been made in the past decades mainly in an “axiomatic” fashion, i.e., by predefining a set of “desired” perceptual/geometrical properties (e.g. minimum total curvature in Ulman, 1976; Mumford, 1994, or minimum total change of curvature and roundedness in Kimia, 2003) and then seeking the curve that satisfies them. However, some of these perceptual axioms are debatable (e.g. roundedness in Singh & Fulvio, 2005, scale invariance in Gerbino & Fantoni, 2006) and some of them are difficult to measure psychophysically. Recently, we suggested to model the shape of the competed contour from the perspective of the primary visual cortex while using its abstraction as the unit tangent bundle space R2 × S1. Curves in this space represent the activation pattern of orientation selective cells due to real or completed image contours, and the pattern of fewest active cells (i.e. the curve of minimal length) is sought for, assuming the completion mechanism aspires for a minimum energy state (Ben-Yosef & Ben-Shahar, 2010). While previously we proposed a rigorous mathematical analysis for this principle and an exploration of its derived visual properties, here we propose a biologically-plausible mechanism and computational model for the computation of the corresponding completed curve with known early visual mechanisms. We then present results of our model in comparison to reported completions by human observers (e.g., Fulvio et al., 2008) and show how they match with unprecedented accuracy to support our curve completion theory.
Mass Spectrometric Analysis. Aliphatic Halogenated Compounds (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometric Analysis. Aliphatic Halogenated CompoundsF. W. McLaffertyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1962, 34, 1, 2–15Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60181a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60181a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Microextractor controlled</title> (2005)

A device based in microsystem technology for extracting and storing fluid samples is presented in this paper. The solution presented in this paper is a controlled low-cost extractor. The main advantage of this device against other solutions used so far, is the control over the activation of the extraction. Its main features are a very simple structure and easy method of activation. The structure is so useful that can be used to obtain an injector too. Another advantage is its manufacture in plastic, which simplifies its fabrication and decreases the cost. A reactive can be located in it to sense the chemical substances concentration of the absorbed fluid. In this case, two electrodes are included in the design.
A now centiped and two new millipods from the Pearl Islands, Colombia (1946)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Passive control for the off-design performance of a single expansion-ramp nozzle (1998)

A numerical study was performed to characterize changes in nozzle performance associated with passive ventilation of the jet flow along the expansion ramp surface. A 1/100 single expansion ramp nozzle model was used as reference model. The passive ventilation is simulated by replacing a part of the impermeable ramp by a porous plate with a vent chamber above it. Due to the natural subsonic flow circulation in the vent chamber the shock induced boundary layer separation is shifted upstream and the overexpanded region is minimized. A gradual increase of the normal thrust vector coefficent can be achieved with higher porosity. The trailing edge of the vent chamber should be located in the rear part of the ramp to reduce the effect of external flow recirculation.
Study on performance and fractal of microporous structure of PU hybrid membrane (2007)

The hybrid membrane of PU/SiO2 is prepared by means of wet phase-inversion method. The properties of membranes are evaluated, and the microstructure is analyzed by SEM. Meanwhile, the fractal analyses are done based on its section SEM photo. The results show that the microstructure of PU hybrid membrane is modified by SiO2. In the PU/SiO2 composites, the interface modifier can uniform the distribution of SiO2 in the PU matrix, meanwhile, interact with PU molecular to form finer interface microporous. In accordance with it, the increasing fractal dimension value could verify its application effect. The fractal analysis can evaluate microporous membrane in quantification.
Nucleoside imidodiphospbates synthesis and biological activities (1988)

The synthesis of imidodiphosphate analogues of natural nucleoside 5'-diphosphates including adenosine 5'-imidodiphosphate (4a), guanosine 5'-imidodiphosphate (4b), 2'-deoxyadenosine 5'-imidodiphosphate (4c), and 2'-deoxy-guanosine 5'-imidodiphosphate (4d) has been accomplished for the first time. These compounds are the products of the reaction between nucleosides and trichloro [(dichlorophosphoryl)imido] phosphorane in trimethyl phosphate. Some of the major by-products of the reaction including 5'-deoxy-5'-chloro nucleosides are discussed. Compounds 4b, 4c, and 4d are potent inhibitors of ecto-5'-nucleotidase whereas compound 4a also active but less potent inhibitor. Compound 4b is the most potent inhibitor of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PPRP) synthetase which follows by 4c, 4d and 4a. All of these compounds were more potent inhibitor of PPRP-synthetase than ADP or GDP. Ribavirin imidodiphosphate (4e) was also synthesized and tested for its inhibitory effect on ecto-5'-nucleotidase, PPRP-synthetase as well as IMP dehydrogenase. Compound 4e is the most potent inhibitor of IMP dehyrogenase but was a weak inhibitor of the other two enzymes. compound 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are weak inhibitors of IMP dehydrogenase.
Evaluating Micro-processors Multimedia Extensions for the real-time Simulation of RBF networks (1999)

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