gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear fiber waveguides; the field overlap (1986)

Optical fibers with organic crystal cores have great potential for optical signal processing. The high nonlinear susceptibility in some organic materials,1 combined with the waveguide advantages of tight field confinement and long interaction length, provides for efficient three-wave mixing interactions with the milliwatt output power of semiconductor lasers. Typical examples are optical parametric amplification, second harmonic generation (SHG), and logic operations. Additionally, phase matching can be achieved by having the different wavelengths in different fiber modes. Thus even materials, not phase-matchable as bulk crystals, can be used in waveguide form.
The current status of Argentine stem weevil (<i>Listronotus bonariensis</i>) as a pest in the North Island of New Zealand (2011)

Recent sampling in Waikato and Taranaki shows that Argentine stem weevil (Listronotus bonariensis) can still cause major damage to susceptible ryegrass pastures despite the introduction of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae in 1991 Percentage of tillers with L bonariensis larval damage in diploid and tetraploid perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass in January and February were between 11 and 68 High egg numbers were noted on occasion Although there is evidence that M hyperodae reduces host populations parasitism levels vary considerably between years in Canterbury and are low in Otago and Southland where high populations of L bonariensis have recently been recorded Factors that may be lessening the impact of M hyperodae are considered These include asynchronous generations of the parasitoid and its host host behavioural adaptations compensatory oviposition and inhibition of flight in parasitised individuals leading to low levels of parasitism in new pastures
Tomographic and Multifocal Electroretinographic Features of IdiopathicEpimacular Membranes (2004)

It is likely that retinal thickness is correlated with neural dysfunction, but mfERGs demonstrated various physiological changes in the retina.
Electron-hole recombination on ZnO(0001) single-crystal surface studied by time-resolved soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2014)

Time-resolved soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) experiments were performed with time scales from picoseconds to nanoseconds to trace relaxation of surface photovoltage on the ZnO(0001) single crystal surface in real time. The band diagram of the surface has been obtained numerically using PES data, showing a depletion layer which extends to 1 μm. Temporal evolution of the photovoltage effect is well explained by a recombination process of a thermionic model, giving the photoexcited carrier lifetime of about 1 ps at the surface under the flat band condition. This lifetime agrees with a temporal range reported by the previous time-resolved optical experiments.
Influence of shape on electron transport in ballistic quantum dots (1994)

We have investigated the low-temperature (T=0.43--4.25 K) magnetotransport of quantum dots fabricated in the shape of an open circle and a circle having a central bar. The characteristic magnetic fields for both coherent backscattering and conductance fluctuations are strongly shape dependent: both are larger by a factor \ensuremath{\ge}3 in the device with the central bar. Comparison of large and small devices of nominally identical shape shows that characteristic trajectory areas are proportional to the device area.
Use of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model to simulate artemether dose adjustment for overcoming the drug-drug interaction with efavirenz (2013)

The model presented here provides a rational platform to inform the design for a clinical drug interaction study that may save time and resource while the optimal dose is determined empirically. Wider application of IVIVE could help researchers gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning variability in drug disposition.
Human Monocytic U937 Cells Kill <i>Salmonella</i> In Vitro by NO-Independent Mechanisms (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) has a central role in host defense against intracellular microbes. HLA-B27 has been shown to directly modulate host-microbe interaction in vitro, leading to the impaired elimination of Salmonella in human monocytic U937 cells. Here, we studied whether impaired elimination of Salmonella would result from differences in NO production between HLA-B27- and HLA-A2-transfected U937 cells. Both human monocytic transfectants produced NO equally well and killed Salmonella via NO-independent mechanisms.
Taxonomy of rhabdoviruses (2012)

Taxonomy helps us to classify viruses according to guidelines developed by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). Historical approaches, based on physico-chemical characteristics, serologic relationships, genetic distances, or pathobiology, have been replaced with more complex concepts of viral species, that includes all the above, coupled with the genetic structure, evolutionary relationships, and ecologic properties of viruses. The species are segregated into genera, families, and orders, similar to the hierarchical systems developed for other living forms. Currently, the family Rhabdoviridae includes six genera and several species, not assigned to any of the established genera. Taxonomic concepts evolve along with our growing scientific knowledge, development of novel tools and approaches, and appreciation of a variety of characters for comprehensive delineation of taxonomic entities. In this chapter we describe the most recent advances of rhabdovirus taxonomy, reflected in the 9th report of the ICTV, and those that arose after the report was prepared for publication.
An Experiment on Dynamics of a Desalting Multi-Stage Flash Evaporator for a Partial Load (1977)

多段フラッシュ蒸発装置の大幅な負荷変動についての動特性は発電との二重目的といった場合に問題となる.こうした場合の多段フラッシュ蒸発装置の動特性を知るために3,000m3/dのテストプラントを用いて実験的研究を行った.すなわちステップ状の入力変化を与え, 応答からフーリエ変換により周波数伝達関数を計算しボード線図を求めた.その結果多段フラッシュ蒸発装置の制御および部分負荷運転に対する次の基礎的知見を得た.入力の型によって装置特性が異なること, 簡単な次数遅れ系では表現が困難であること, 制御の観点からはほぼ1.0～1.5rad/min以下の特性に注目すればよいこと, その他部分負荷定常運転によって安定運転の限界値を図的に得たこと, などである.
Diphenylthiirene 1-oxide. Synthesis, characterization, and reactivity (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiphenylthiirene 1-oxide. Synthesis, characterization, and reactivityLouis A. Carpino and Hung-Wu ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 2, 390–394Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00496a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00496a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relationship between Interchain Interaction, Exciton Delocalization, and Charge Separation in Low-Bandgap Copolymer Blends (2014)

We present a systematic study of the roles of crystallinity, interchain interaction, and exciton delocalization on ultrafast charge separation pathways in donor-acceptor copoloymer blends. We characterize the energy levels, excited state structures, and dynamics of the interchain species by combined ultrafast spectroscopy and computational quantum chemistry approaches. The alkyl side chain of a highly efficient donor-acceptor copolymer for solar cell applications, PBDTTT (poly(4,8-bis-alkyloxybenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(alkylthieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate)-2,6-diyl), is varied to tune the molecular packing and interchain interaction of the polymers in order to elucidate the charge separation pathways originating from intrachain and interchain species. Polymers with linear side chains result in more crystalline polymer domain that lead to preferential formation of interchain excitons delocalizing over more than one polymer backbone in the solid state. Our results demonstrate that the higher polymer crystallinity leads to slower charge separation due to coarser phase segregation and formation of the interchain excited states that are energetically unfavorable for charge separation. Such energetics of the interchain excitons in low-bandgap copolymers calls for optimized solar cell morphologies that are fundamentally different from those based on homopolymers such as P3HT (poly-3-hexylthiophene). A long-range crystalline polymer domain is detrimental rather than beneficial to solar cell performance for a low-bandgap copolymer which is in direct contrast to the observed behavior in P3HT based devices.
<title>Controlled tooth surface heating and sterilization by Er:YAG laser radiation</title> (1996)

Previous studies on thermal effects of Er:YAG laser tooth irradiation have considered heat as an unwanted side effect of tissue ablation.In contrast, we now investigate the potential of the Er:YAG laser for controlled heating and surface sterilization. The methods include model calculations, temperature measurements, and the investigation of bactericidal effects on natural carious lesions. Due to the strong absorption, in the initial phase of subablative irradiation, there is steep temperature gradient in the tissue, subsequently fading off by heat conduction. Using repetitive pulses and irradiation times of a few seconds, it is possible to reach a surface temperature increase (Delta) T oscillating between 100 K and a few 100 K, while keeping (Delta) T in 1.5 mm depth below 6 K. Carious surfaces can be completely sterilized. Thus the Er:YAG laser offers a new potential for controlled and sparing sterilization in dentistry.
Hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons catalyzed by sulfided cobalt oxide-molybdenum oxide/.alpha.-aluminum oxide. Reactivities and reaction networks (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons catalyzed by sulfided cobalt oxide-molybdenum oxide/.alpha.-aluminum oxide. Reactivities and reaction networksAjit V. Sapre and Bruce C. GatesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev. 1981, 20, 1, 68–73Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200012a010https://doi.org/10.1021/i200012a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views611Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Specific Incorporation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Family Members into Primate Lentiviral Virions (2002)

To determine if any heat shock proteins are incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions in a manner similar to that of the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A, we probed purified virions with antibodies against heat shock proteins Hsp27, Hsp40, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsc70, and Hsp90. Of these proteins, Hsp60, Hsp70, and Hsc70 associated with virions purified based on either particle density or size and were shown to be incorporated within the virion membrane, where they were protected from digestion by exogenous protease. Virion incorporation of Hsp70 was also observed with HIV-2 and with simian immunodeficiency viruses SIV(MAC) and SIV(AGM), but it appears to be specific for primate lentiviruses, since Hsp70 was not detected in association with Moloney murine leukemia virus virions. Of the HIV-1 genes, gag was found to be sufficient for Hsp70 incorporation, though Hsp70 was roughly equimolar with pol-encoded proteins in virions.
[T-cell type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with eosinophilia]. (1991)

A 65-year-old man was admitted to our hospital in January 1990, because of weakness of upper limbs. On admission he was found to have generalized lymphadenopathy and leukocytosis. His WBC count was 40,900/microliters with 88% eosinophils. The bone marrow showed an increased number of eosinophils and their precursors but no other abnormalities. A diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse, medium sized cell type) was made by biopsy of his inguinal lymph node. The result of marker analysis was consistent with CD3+4+8-. The antibody to human T-lymphotropic virus type I was negative. A stomach biopsy revealed lymphoma cell infiltration. Extensive studies to identify the cause of the eosinophilia were undertaken, with consistently negative results. Combination chemotherapy was begun, and resulted in a dramatic resolution of the eosinophilia and the lymphadenopathy. The association of hypereosinophilia with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is unusual. We report a patient with eosinophilia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and discussed its possible etiology.
Discrepant AT-III and Fibrinogen Levels on the DuPont aca® System (1983)

Discrepant AT-III and Fibrinogen Levels on the DuPont aca® System Rodger L. Bick, M.D. Rodger L. Bick, M.D. Medical Director San Joaquin Hematology Oncology Medical Group: California Coagulation Laboratories Bakersfield, California Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 80, Issue 6, 1 December 1983, Page 891, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/80.6.891 Published: 01 December 1983
Diffusion and Saponification Inside Porous Cellulose Triacetate Fibers (2004)

Cellulose triacetate (CTA) fibers were partially hydrolyzed in 0.054 N solutions of NaOH/H(2)O and NaOMe/MeOH. The surface concentration of acetyl groups was determined using ATR-FTIR. Total acetyl content was determined by the alkaline hydrolysis method. Fiber cross-sections were stained with Congo red in order to examine the interface between reacted and unreacted material; these data were used to estimate the rate constant k and effective diffusivity D(B) for each reagent during the early stages of reaction by means of a volume-based unreacted core model. For NaOH/H(2)O, k = 0.37 L mol(-1) min(-1) and D(B) = 6.2 x 10(-7) cm(2)/sec; for NaOMe/MeOH, k = 4.0 L mol(-1) min(-1) and D(B) = 5.7 x 10(-6) cm(2)/sec. The NaOMe/MeOH reaction has a larger rate constant due to solvent effects and the greater nucleophilicity of MeO(-) as compared to OH(-); the reaction has a larger effective diffusivity because CTA swells more in MeOH than it does in water. Similarities between calculated concentration profiles for each case indicate that the relatively diffuse interface seen in fibers from the NaOMe/MeOH reaction results from factors not considered in the model; shrinkage of stained fiber cross-sections suggests that increased disruption of intermolecular forces may be the cause.
The Development of the Asymmetric Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction Catalyzed by Chiral Brønsted Acids (2004)

Abstract This report describes the development of a chiral Brønsted acid‐catalyzed asymmetric Morita–BaylisHillman (MBH) reaction of cyclohexenone with aldehydes. During the course of our studies on chiral Lewis acid‐promoted MBH reactions, we discovered that chiral binaphthol‐derived Brønsted acids serve as promoters of the asymmetric MBH reaction. We propose that the phosphonium enolate of cyclohexenone is stabilized via hydrogen‐bonding with the binaphthol‐derived Brønsted acid, creating a chiral nucleophile. A practical and efficient set of conditions was developed using stoichiometric PEt 3 as the nucleophilic promoter and catalytic amounts of a binaphthol‐derived Brønsted acid to effect the reaction of cyclohexenone with various aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in good yields and enantiomeric excesses (up to 96% ee).
A novel fragment in stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1) with inhibitory effects on cancer cells. (2015)

e13594 Background: STIP1, a co-chaperone of HSP90 and HSP70, is involved in multiple cellular functions, including protein folding, transcription, RNA splicing, signal transduction, and cell cycle regulation. After we reported that STIP1 can be used as a biomarker for ovarian cancer (Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; Cell Reports 2012; PLoS One 2013), more evidences indicated its elevated expression in other cancers, including endometrial, lung, liver, pancreatic, and colon. We further discovered that a fragment of STIP1, named as peptide 520 (a.a. 520 to 543 of STIP1), inhibited cell growth and triggered apoptosis of cancer cells. Methods: We synthesized peptide 520 with eight arginine residues and a Myc tag, thus it can readily enter the cell and be traced with an anti-Myc antibody. Scrambled peptides with the same a.a. composition of peptide 520 were used as the control peptide. Inhibition of cancer cells by peptide 520 was examined with MTT, LDH, and apoptosis assays and immunofluorescent microscopy. Signaling pathways targeted by peptide 520 were elucidated with siRNA technology, immunoprecipitation, western blot analysis, and proximity ligation assay. In vivo inhibition of cancer tissues was tested in C57BL6 mice with murine ovarian surface epithelial cancer (MOSEC) and immunohistochemical (IHC) studies. Results: In human ovarian cancer tissues, STIP1 protein levels were positively correlated with JAK2. Peptide 520 suppressed in vitro growth of cancer cells, including ovarian cancer MDAH2774 and SKOV3 cells and endometrial cancer ARK2 cells, in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, peptide 520 inhibited JAK2 protein levels and phospho-STAT3 signals, without changing protein levels of total STAT3. Injection of peptide 520 significantly suppressed in vivo MOSEC growth, and IHC of tumor tissues confirmed that peptide 520 suppressed JAK2 and phospho-STAT3. Conclusions: Peptide 520, which is identical to the C-terminal 24 a.a. of STIP1, effectively inhibited cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting JAK2 levels and STAT3 phosphorylation. These findings suggest a therapeutic strategy of targeting STIP1 as cancer therapy.
Characterizing a Debris Field Using Digital Mosaicking and CAD Model Superimposition from Underwater Video (2016)

Identifying submerged objects is critical for several disciplines such as marine archaeology and search and rescue. However, identifying objects in underwater searches presents many challenges, particularly if the only data available to analyze is poorquality video where the videographer did not plan for photogrammetric techniques to be utilized. In this paper, we discuss the use of adaptive sampling of the underwater video to extract sharp still images for stitching and analysis, and creating mosaicked images by identifying and matching local scale-invariant feature transform features using computationally efficient algorithms. Computer aided design models of suspected aircraft components were superimposed, and a feature common in multiple mosaicked images was used to identify a common feature between purported objects to assess goodness of fit. The superimposition method was replicated using landing gear from a reference aircraft and a rope of known dimensions, and favorably compared against the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) analysis results.
Subventricular zone microglia possess a unique capacity for massive <i>in vitro</i> expansion (2008)

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, have recently been hypothesized to play a role both in neuronal diseases and age-related neurogenic decline, and are theorized to be modulators of adult neurogenesis. Current methods for the isolation of microglia from cultured primary brain tissue result in relatively poor yield, requiring a large tissue sample or multiple specimens to obtain a sufficient number of microglia for cell and molecular analysis. We report here a method for the repetitive isolation of microglia from established glial monolayer cultures from which it is possible to expand the initial population of microglia roughly 10,000-fold. The expanded population expresses appropriate microglial morphology and phenotype markers, and demonstrates functionally normal phagocytosis, thus providing a high-yield assay for the investigation and analysis of microglia from a single initial dissection of primary tissue. Furthermore, this massive expansion is limited to microglia derived from the subventricular zone as the fold expansion of isolatable microglia was found to be up to 20 times greater than cultures from other brain regions, indicating unique properties for this persistently neurogenic region.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIZATIONS OF AZIDOFORMATES TO TETRAHYDRO‐1,3‐OXAZIN‐2‐ONES AND OXAZOLIDIN‐2‐ONES (1975)

Abstract Für die Darstellung von Oxazinonen und Oxazolidinonen erweist sich die Thermolyse von Azidoformiaten, wie z.B. (I), der Photolyse dieser Verbindungen überlegen.
Genome-wide array comparative genomic hybridization analysis reveals distinct amplifications in osteosarcoma (2004)

This study clearly demonstrates the utility of array CGH in defining high-resolution DNA copy number changes and refining amplifications. The resolution of array CGH technology combined with human genome database suggested the possible target genes present in the gained or lost clones.
Linear Multiscale Analysis of Similarities between Images on Riemannian Manifolds: Practical Formula and Affine Covariant Metrics (2015)

In this paper we study the problem of comparing two patches of images defined on Riemannian manifolds which in turn can be defined by each image domain with a suitable metric depending on the image. For that we single out one particular instance of a set of models defining image similarities that was earlier studied in [C. Ballester et al., Multiscale Model. Simul., 12 (2014), pp. 616--649], using an axiomatic approach that extended the classical Álvarez--Guichard--Lions--Morel work to the nonlocal case. Namely, we study a linear model to compare patches defined on two images in $\mathbb{R}^N$ endowed with some metric. Besides its genericity, this linear model is selected by its computational feasibility since it can be approximated leading to an algorithm that has the complexity of the usual patch comparison using a weighted Euclidean distance. Moreover, we propose and study some intrinsic metrics which we define in terms of affine covariant structure tensors and we discuss their properties. These tensors are defined for any point in the image and are intrinsically endowed with affine covariant neighborhoods. We also discuss the effect of discretization over the affine covariance properties of the tensors. We illustrate our theoretical results with numerical experiments.