gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Bacterial Heat Shock Response to Photodynamic Therapy‐mediated Oxidative Stress (2011)

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) has recently emerged as an effective modality for the selective destruction of bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. We investigated whether PDT induced protective responses such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) in bacteria. Using the photosensitizer Toluidine Blue O (TBO) at sublethal PDT conditions, a seven-fold increase in bacterial HSP GroEL and a three-fold increase in HSP DnaK were observed in Escherichia coli post PDT. Pretreatment with 50°C heat for 30 min reduced PDT killing in both E. coli and in Enterococcus faecalis, with the most pronounced inhibition occurring at 50 μm TBO with 5 J cm(-2) 635 nm light, where E. coli killing was reduced by 2 log(10) and E. faecalis killing was reduced by 4 log(10). Finally, inhibition of the highly conserved chaperone DnaK using a small molecule benzylidene lactam HSP inhibitor potentiated (but not significantly) the effect of PDT at a TBO concentration of 2.5 μm in E. faecalis; however, this effect was not observed in E. coli presumably because inhibitor could not gain access due to Gram-negative permeability barrier. Induction of HSPs may be a mechanism whereby bacteria could become resistant to PDT and warrants the need for further study in the application of dual PDT-HSP-inhibition therapies.
Development, Growth, and Aging of the Lung (1986)

The sections in this article are: 1 Lung Growth and Maturation 2 Airway and Alveolar Development 2.1 Intrauterine Events 2.2 Differentiation of Alveolar Epithelium 2.3 Postnatal Events 2.3.1 Animals 2.3.2 Humans 3 Growth and Development of Connective Tissue 3.1 Intrauterine Period 3.2 Postnatal Period 4 Mechanical Properties of Growing Lung 4.1 Intrauterine and Perinatal Period 4.2 Postnatal Period 5 Control of Lung Growth 5.1 Intrauterine Period 5.1.1 Early 5.1.2 Late 5.2 Postnatal Period 6 Aging of Lung 6.1 Anatomy 6.2 Connective Tissue 6.3 Mechanical Properties
A Study on Co and Cu Oxides as Sintering Aids for Sm<sub>0.2</sub>Ce<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>1.9</sub> Electrolyte (2007)

In this study, an addition of Co and Cu oxides to Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) was studied to improve the SDC sinterability. It has been found that both Co and Cu oxide are very effective as sintering aids, and the SDC sintering temperature can be reduced from 1400°C without aids to below 1000°C with only 1at.% of either Cu or Co. As compared to the pure SDC, a slight decrease of ionic conductivity was observed in SDC with Cu sintering aid. There is no obvious effect on electrochemical property of SDC with Co sintering aid under 2.5at.%.
Glyphosate in livestock: feed residues and animal health1 (2019)

Glyphosate is a nonselective systemic herbicide used in agriculture since 1974. It inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an enzyme in the shikimate pathway present in cells of plants and some microorganisms but not human or other animal cells. Glyphosate-tolerant crops have been commercialized for more than 20 yr using a transgene from a resistant bacterial EPSP synthase that renders the crops insensitive to glyphosate. Much of the forage or grain from these crops are consumed by farm animals. Glyphosate protects crop yields, lowers the cost of feed production, and reduces CO2 emissions attributable to agriculture by reducing tillage and fuel usage. Despite these benefits and even though global regulatory agencies continue to reaffirm its safety, the public hears conflicting information about glyphosate's safety. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency determines for every agricultural chemical a maximum daily allowable human exposure (called the reference dose, RfD). The RfD is based on amounts that are 1/100th (for sensitive populations) to 1/1,000th (for children) the no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) identified through a comprehensive battery of animal toxicology studies. Recent surveys for residues have indicated that amounts of glyphosate in food/feed are at or below established tolerances and actual intakes for humans or livestock are much lower than these conservative exposure limits. While the EPSP synthase of some bacteria is sensitive to glyphosate, in vivo or in vitro dynamic culture systems with mixed bacteria and media that resembles rumen digesta have not demonstrated an impact on microbial function from adding glyphosate. Moreover, one chemical characteristic of glyphosate cited as a reason for concern is that it is a tridentate chelating ligand for divalent and trivalent metals; however, other more potent chelators are ubiquitous in livestock diets, such as certain amino acids. Regulatory testing identifies potential hazards, but risks of these hazards need to be evaluated in the context of realistic exposures and conditions. Conclusions about safety should be based on empirical results within the limitations of model systems or experimental design. This review summarizes how pesticide residues, particularly glyphosate, in food and feed are quantified, and how their safety is determined by regulatory agencies to establish safe use levels.
Narrow-linewidth terahertz intersubband emission from three-level systems (1999)

Narrow-linewidth terahertz spontaneous emission resulting from interwell (or diagonal) intersubband transition from an electrically pumped multiple-quantum-well structure was observed. The center frequency of the emission peak is at 2.57 THz, and its full width at half maximum is 0.47 THz. The emission frequency is in good agreement with the calculated intersubband transition energy of 11.3 meV (corresponding to 2.7 THz) in a three-level system, which was designed to achieve population inversion between two radiative levels.
The role of the foreign surface and female parasitoid secretions on the immune response of an insect (1974)

Most successful parasitoids are able to avoid the encapsulation reaction of their host. A similar avoidance was observed with particles of a weakly acidic cation exchanger which was not encapsulated following its injection into the haemocoele of an insect. The ionic nature of the surface of the acidic cation exchanger and the two species of parasitoid eggs appeared to be similar. A weakly basic anion exchanger was readily encapsulated following injections into the haemocoele of a host. The encapsulation of the basic anion exchanger was prevented by coating the surface with fluid from the calyx region of the female parasitoid ovary. The importance of the fluid from the calyx region of the parasitoid and the ionic nature of the surface in avoiding the encapsulation reaction of the hosts haemocytes is discussed.
Prompt Alpha and Reactivity Measurements on Fast Metal Assemblies (2024)

This paper summarizes and reviews the methods of reactivity determination and measurement of the prompt neutron decay, briefly describes the equipment requirements for such measurements for unmoderated and unreflected metal assemblies and presents experimental results to illustrate the methods. The primary reactivity determination methods used have been (1) stable reactor period measurements, which are usually used near delayed criticality to calibrate the reactivity prior to burst initiation, (2) prompt reactor period measurements which are useful to determine the reactivity early in the excursion, (3) inverse kinetics rod drop measurements which obtain the reactivity as a function of time after a rod or reactor component is removed from the assembly, and (4) prompt neutron decay constant measurements from which the reactivity can be obtained if corrections are made for changes in the neutron lifetime. Inverse kinetics and decay constant measurements are usually used below delayed criticality although decay constant measurements have been performed above delayed critical.
Effect of Combined Use of Polymer-Modified Mortars and Rust-Inhibitor on Corrosion Inhibition of Reinforcing Bars. (1991)

Recently, polymer-modified mortars and rust-inhibitors have widely been used as repair materials for reinforced concrete structures. The purpose of this study is to make clear the corrosioninhibiting property of the polymer-modified mortars with the rust-inhibitors and the effectiveness of the treatment of bonded concrete surfaces around reinforcing bars (rebars) with the rust-inhibitors in repairing works for such concrete structures. Polymer-modified mortars using three types of cement modifiers with variation of rust-inhibitor
Neural Changes in Cat Auditory Cortex After a Transient Pure-Tone Trauma (2003)

Here we present the changes in cortical activity occurring within a few hours after a 1-h exposure to a 120-dB SPL pure tone (5 or 6 kHz). The changes in primary auditory cortex of 16 ketamine-anesthetized cats were assessed by recording, with two 8-microelectrode arrays, from the same multiunit clusters before and after the trauma. The exposure resulted in a peripheral threshold increase that stabilized after a few hours to on average 40 dB in the frequency range of 6-32 kHz, as measured by the auditory brain stem response. The trauma induced a shift in characteristic frequency toward lower frequencies, an emergence of new responses, a broadening of the tuning curve, and an increase in the maximum of driven discharges. In addition, the onset response after the trauma was of shorter duration than before the trauma. The results suggest the involvement of both a decrease and an increase in inhibition. They are discussed in terms of changes in central inhibition and its implications for tonotopic map plasticity.
Exchange interaction effects in quantum well infrared detectors and absorbers (1990)

Infrared excitation energies between the ground-state subband and the first excited-state subband in quantum wells are analyzed including the effect of exchange interactions on the ground-state subband. Analytic and numerical calculations relevant to infrared absorption and infrared detection are performed. Previous work on exchange interaction effects in narrow wells is extended to deal with well widths which can provide absorption peaks and photocurrent peaks throughout the long-wavelength infrared and very-long-wavelength infrared regime. Exchange effects are shown to be substantial.
Application study of a correction method for a spacecraft thermal model with a Monte-Carlo hybrid algorithm (2011)

The correction of a thermal model for a thermally controlled satellite in ground test conditions is studied using a Monte Carlo hybrid algorithm. First, the global and local parameters are summarized according to sensitivity analyses on uncertain parameters, and then the model correction is treated as a parameter optimization problem to be solved with a hybrid algorithm. Finally, the correction of the thermal model is completed using a layered correction method. The sensitivity analysis showed that the effective emissivities across the multi-layer insulation (MLI) and the emissivities of the thermal control coating are global parameters, while the contact heat transfer coefficients are local parameters. After correction, the deviations between the calculated and test values were all within ±3°C. The final results prove that the method in this study is superior to traditional methods and satisfies the requirements for thermal model correction.
Phase I study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelyx) in combination with carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2003)

The recommended dose for future studies is Caelyx 35 mg/m2 + Carboplatin AUC 5 every 3 or 4 weeks. Antitumor activity, especially in ovarian cancer, warrants further investigation in phase II studies.
The evolution of the vertebrates and their kin (1912)

brates has been to me a stimulus and a guide.What appears to be an approximate solution of it has been tested and tested again, and elaborated-in itself the severest test of alli-by many methods and from many points of view, for it has seemed to me the one great problem that must be solved before the biologist can approach the problems of creative evolution on a reasonably secure footing.To gain this end, I have given the best I had; whether that is much or little is of no consequence, except in so far as it is a guarantee of serious endeavor and of good faith.That I am conscious of many difficulties and imperfections need not be emphasized.I would gladly make them less.But to be overconscious of the one, unsteadies the hand and draws the eye away from the open waters, and too long a delay over the inevitable defects means to be surprised by the night, and still unprepared.
Stereochemistry of Cervicarcin (1971)

Journal Article Stereochemistry of Cervicarcin Get access Shingo Marumo, Shingo Marumo Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Nagoya University, Nagoya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kazuya Sasaki, Kazuya Sasaki Rikagaku-kenkyusho, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Yamato-machi, Saitama-ken Present address: Research Devision, Kaken Chem Co., Ltd., Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Saburo Suzuki Saburo Suzuki Rikagaku-kenkyusho, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Yamato-machi, Saitama-ken Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 35, Issue 12, 1 December 1971, Pages 1931–1935, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1971.10860158 Published: 01 December 1971 Article history Received: 07 June 1971 Published: 01 December 1971
Waist size and shape assessed by 3D photonic scanning (2010)

Objective: To quantify waist girth at alternative locations using 3D photonic scanning and to identify the relationship between shape and size in a heterogeneous sample. Methods: Sixty-two male and 32 female healthy adults (aged 30.1 + 14.5 y) were assessed for stature, mass and 3D shape via photonic scanning, which enables the digital analysis of an individual’s body shape, avoiding postural and breathing artefacts which affect repeated measures using conventional anthropometry. Waist locations inferior to the 10th rib, and superior to the iliac crest, were identified as the ‘maximum’, ‘minimum’, ‘umbilicus’, and ‘maximum anterior extension’ via digital landmarking using system software. Sagittal and coronal diameters were measured at each waist. Girths were compared using repeated-measures ANCOVA with gender and age included, and Bonferroni adjustments made for multiple comparisons. Results: Across sites, waist girths differed by 4.9% in males and 11.7% in females. Girths showed differences at all four sites except maximum v maximum anterior extension (P = 0.061), (umbilicus v maximum P = 0.003; all other comparisons P < 0.0001). Waist girths were different between men and women ( P < 0.001), with a site-by-gender interaction (P < 0.001) and increased with age all four sites (all P < 0.001; β slopes 0.59 - 0.74 cm.yr-1). All pairwise comparisons of girth became different after excluding four men whose umbilicus fell slightly below the iliac crest. Shape (identified as sagittal : coronal diameter ratio) was highly correlated with body size at all sites. Conclusion:Waist girth exhibits significant variation according to site and is more variable in women than men. Waist increases with age and shape shows a progressive change with increasing body size.
Theoretical Study of a Two-Section Ultrawideband Antenna Array (2018)

The paper presents a theoretical consideration of a two-dimensional array consisting of two series-connected parts: an infinite system of one-dimensional arrays of strip horns and an array of planar horns. The eigenwave problem for an infinite one-dimensional array of strip transmission lines k]which reduces to a singular integral equation with respect to the current on the strip k]is solved. An analytical solution for the current and an expression for the characteristic impedance of the principal T-wave of the array k]which is valid in the scanning mode k]are found. A model of an array with smoothly varying parameters that describes the operation of a one-dimensional array of strip horns in the approximation of a microwave transmission line is developed. In the same approximation k]a model of an array of planar horns and the entire two-dimensional two-section array is developed and its numerical study is performed.
Reducing Recurrent Stroke: Methodology of the Motivational Interviewing in Stroke (MIST) Randomized Clinical Trial (2013)

The results of the motivational interviewing in stroke trial will add to our understanding of whether motivational interviewing may be potentially beneficial in the management of stroke and other diseases where similar lifestyle factors or medication adherence are relevant.
Can gamut mapping quality be predicted by colour image difference formulae? (2005)

Modern digital imaging workflows typically involve a large number of different imaging technologies and media. In order to assure the quality of such workflows, there is a need to quantify how reproduced images have been changed by the reproduction process, and how much these changes are perceived by the human eye. The goal of this study is to investigate whether current color image difference formulae can be used to this end, specifically with regards to the image degradations induced by color gamut mapping. We have applied image difference formulae based on CIELAB, S-CIELAB, and iCAM to a set of images, which have been processed by several state-of-the-art color gamut mapping algorithms. The images have also been evaluated by psychophysical experiments on a CRT monitor. We have not found any statistically significant correlation between the calculated color image differences and the visual evaluations. We have examined the experimental results carefully, in order to understand the poor performance of the color difference calculations, and to identify possible strategies for improving the formulae. For example, S-CIELAB and iCAM were designed to take into account factors such as spatial properties of human vision, but there might be other important factors to be considered to quantify image quality. Potential factors include background/texture/contrast sensitivity effect, human viewing behaviour/area of interest, and memory colors.
Moisture determination with an artificial neural network from microwave measurements on wheat (2002)

An artificial neural network (ANN) was used to determine the moisture content of hard red winter wheat. The ANN was trained to recognize moisture content in the range from 10.6% to 19.2% (wet basis) from transmission coefficient measurements on samples of wheat placed between two radiating elements. The measurements were made at 8 microwave frequencies (10 to 18 GHz) on wheat samples of varying bulk densities (0.72 to 0.88 g/cm/sup 3/) at 24/spl deg/C. The trained network predicted moisture content (%) with a mean absolute error of 0.135.
Inheriting Hearing Loss (1993)

Editorial Introduction The following article recounts a lifetime experience with an inheritable disorder not uncommonly seen by otolaryngologists—progressive sensorineural hearing loss. The author, Donna L. Sorkin, relates her insights into the disorder's effect on generations of her family, and its impact on her as a daughter, wife, mother, and professional consultant. She has refused to be limited by the impairment and now provides national leadership as the new Executive Director of Self Help for Hard of Hearing People Inc, an organization dedicated to enhancing autonomy among its hearing-impaired members. The author has faced a challenge she had no choice but to accept and found some workable solutions. It is our hope that biomedical advances will afford more and better solutions for Ms Sorkin, and others who are joined in similar challenges.
Overexpression of α1,6-fucosyltransferase in hepatoma enhances expression of Golgi phosphoprotein 2 in a fucosylation-independent manner (2011)

Golgi phosphoprotein 2 (GP73) is a type II Golgi protein, which was found on examination of the fucosylated proteome as a potential tumor marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The serum levels of both total and fucosylated GP73 were increased in the sera of patients with HCC. Fucosylation is one of the most important oligosaccharide modifications involved in cancer and is catalyzed by α1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8). In the present study, we investigated the effect of Fut8 overexpression on GP73 production in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. The Fut8 expression vector was transfected into Hep3B cells and the expression of GP73 was investigated by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Overexpression of Fut8 dramatically enhanced the expression of GP73 at the transcriptional level. Surprisingly, this effect was not dependent on cellular fucosylation. Overexpression of a mutant Fut8, which was unable to be localized to the Golgi, did not induce GP73 production, suggesting that the localization of Fut8 in the Golgi apparatus was important for the increase in GP73 expression. This is the first demonstration of GP73 regulation through overexpression of a glycosyltransferase, which may lead to Golgi stress.
Evolving and managing trust in grid computing systems (2003)

A grid computing system is a geographically distributed environment with autonomous domains that share resources amongst themselves. One primary goal of such a grid environment is to encourage domain-to-domain interactions and increase the confidence of domains to use or share resources: (a) without losing control over their own resources; and (b) ensuring confidentiality for others. To achieve this, the "trust" notion needs to be addressed so that trustworthiness makes such geographically distributed systems become more attractive and reliable for day-to-day use. In this paper we view trust in two steps: (a) verifying the identity of an entity and what that identity is authorized to do; and (b) monitoring and managing the behavior of the entity and building a trust level based on that behavior The identity trust has been the focus of many researchers, but unfortunately the behavior trust has not attracted much attention. We present a formal definition of behavior trust and reputation and discuss a behavior trust management architecture that models the process of evolving and managing of behavior trust in grid computing systems.
Observation of flux trapping threshold in narrow superconducting thin films (1982)

Narrow superconducting thin films cooled in a perpendicular low magnetic field (B⊥) are observed to trap magnetic flux at densities much less than the ρi0 = B⊥ /φi0 observed for superconducting films of large dimensions. Significant flux trapping does not occur until a threshold field B0⊥ is reached. B0⊥ increases with decreasing linewidth and with increasing distance from a superconducting ground plane.
Generalised Approach to Economic Problems in Protective Current Transformers (1969)

It is known that the volt amps output; amplitude of short circuit current; type of transient and errors to be allowed are the main features determining the iron; copper and general cost of the Current Transformer suitable for protection purpose. This question of economics is reviewed in this paper and it is shown that the economy of a Current Transformer is dependent on V.A. per A.T. input or volts per turn but not on actual VA output, Generalised theory and equations are presented for the study of economics. It is proved that the primary and secondary ratings or number of turns have no influence on the volume of copper to be used.