gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles of Phonetics (1994)

Underlying the apparent diversity shown by thousands of mutually incomprehensible languages of the world, there is a remarkable, elegant and principled unity in the way that these languages exploit the phonetic resources of speech. It is these principles that Professor Laver sets out to describe in this major new textbook. Assuming no previous knowledge of the subject, it is designed for readers who wish to pursue the study of phonetics from an initial to an advanced stage, equipping them with the necessary foundations for independent research. The book moves from a discussion of general concepts to a total of eleven chapters on phonetic classification, and it includes discussion of other issues such as the relationship between phonetics and phonology. There are illustrations from over 500 of the world's languages. Principles of Phonetics will be required reading for all serious students of speech and language.
Excited-state photoionization of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ce</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ce</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CaF</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1987)

The formation of stable color centers in ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$:${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$ is found to result from the optical pumping of the lowest 4f\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5d absorption band of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions at ${C}_{4v}$ symmetry sites with a 308-nm excimer laser. Absorption spectra of these color centers indicate that they are ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{2+}$ ions located at sites having ${O}_{h}$ symmetry. The color centers are photochromic since they can be optically bleached. Measurements of the dependence of the number of photochromic color centers on the incident laser intensity and length of exposure are presented. The data is interpreted in terms of a two-step photoionization of the ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ions and the subsequent electron capture at a ${\mathrm{Ce}}^{3+}$ ion having ${O}_{h}$ symmetry. Rate equations incorporating a two-photon creation term and a one-photon bleaching term are formulated and their solutions are consistent with the observed color-center growth kinetics. The implications of this work for other potential vibronic laser materials are also discussed.
Advanced biometric ATM machine with AES 256 and steganography implementation (2012)

The main objective of this system is to make ATM transactions as secure as possible. This system replaces the conventional ATM card with Fingerprint. Therefore, users don't have to carry a plastic card to withdraw money. The Fingerprint and the phone number of all users are stored in the system database during Registration. Fingerprints are used to identify a Person's genuinity. A Fingerprint scanner is used to get the fingerprint of the user, after which the system requests for the PIN (Personal Identification Number). Once the user enters the PIN, the user is prompted to enter the OTP (One Time Password) which is a 4-digit random password sent by the server to the user's registered mobile number. On cross verification with the data stored in the system database, the user is allowed to make a transaction. The underlying mechanism involves combining the concepts of Cryptography and Steganography. The PIN and OTP are encrypted using AES 256. Then the encrypted data is steganographed with the fingerprint image which acts as the BASE image. The Steganographed image is sent to the server, where it is de-steganographed and verified with the data available in the system database.
Characterization on strength and toughness of welded joint for ultra-low carbon bainitic steel (2007)

The weldability was investigated on ultra low-carbon bainitic steel with thermomechanical control process by utilizing shielded metal arc welding, submerged arc welding and welding thermal simulation test. Results showed that hardness is a little different in the heat affected zone (HAZ). The maximum hardness in the heat affected zone was less than 60 HV. Compared with the same class of low alloy high strength steels, the uniformity of strength in HAZ increases remarkably. The heat affected zone has high toughness. The impact absorbing energy at-40 ℃ reaches above 60 J in the simulated coarse-grained zone when the heat input was 56 kJ/cm. The impact absorbing energy at-40 ℃ reached above 100 J in shielded metal arc welding, and submerged arc welding.
[특집] 범불안장애 진단의 문제점과 감별진단 (2004)

Although generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common disorder with significant impairments in clinical field little is known about exact diagnosis...
Nimrod: a system for generating automated very short range forecasts (1998)

Abstract A very short range forecasting system has been developed which integrates nowcasting techniques with Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model products to provide forecasts over the UK and surrounding waters up to six hours ahead. There are three main components, producing analyses and forecasts of precipitation, cloud and visibility, respectively. The precipitation rate analysis uses processed radar and satellite data, together with surface reports and NWP fields. The forecast is based on an object advection technique, modified for growth and decay using model products. Related variables, such as precipitation type, are also diagnosed using the NWP fields. The cloud analysis is based largely on satellite imagery and surface reports, the forecast being carried out in a similar way to precipitation rate. The visibility analysis combines surface reports with NWP model fields and satellite imagery: Meteosat during the day and NOAA–AVHRR at night. The forecast is an extrapolation using trends from the NWP model, and relaxing towards the model values themselves. Results show a substantial improvement over both persistence and raw NWP model products. Copyright © 1998 Royal Meteorological Society
Formulas for Design of Rubble-Mound Breakwaters (1962)

New conception of mechanics of breakdown of breakwater's protection layer is presented; based on this conception, stability analysis leads to 2 formulas for breakwater protection; excellent agreement between new formulas and model tests noted.
Using Rogowski coils for transient current measurements (1993)

In recent years the Rogowski-coil method of measuring electric current has developed from a ‘laboratory curiosity’ to a versatile measuring system with many applications throughout industry and in research. The technique possesses many features which offer an advantage over iron-cored current measuring devices and these are well illustrated by considering how it can be used for measuring transient currents. The paper describes the principle of operation of Rogowski coils and the practical aspects of using them and gives several examples of their use in making transient measurements. The Rogowski coil is a conceptually simple device. Its theory of operation illustrates some basic principles of electromagnetism applied in a practical device. The coil itself provides an elegant demonstration of Ampère's Law and, because of its inherent linearity, the response of a coil under extreme measuring situations is much easier to treat theoretically than iron-cored measuring instruments. The educational aspects of studying Rogowski coils should not be overlooked.
Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (2003)

When published in 1948 this volume encountered a storm of condemnation and acclaim. It is, however, a milestone on the path toward a scientific approach to the understanding of human sexual behavior. Dr. Alfred C. Kinsey and his fellow researchers sought to accumulate an objective body of facts regarding sex. They employed first hand interviews to gather this data. This volume is based upon histories of approximately 5,300 males which were collected during a fifteen year period. This text describes the methodology, sampling, coding, interviewing, statistical analyses, and then examines factors and sources of sexual outlet.
Culture Comes in Many Forms (2008)

A brief note on winning entries of Local Government Cultural Awards by twenty councils which highlighted cultural subjects such as mental health, reconciliation and the environment, is presented. These awards, celebrate and recognise the role of local government in encouraging and promoting culture in the community and councils recognise continue to provide the infrastructure that supports culture and the arts within their communities.
Accuracy of patient self‐report as a measure of inhaled asthma medication use (2013)

Self-report is inaccurate in measuring actual use of inhaled asthma treatment with patients who underuse their maintenance therapy overreporting their use and those who overuse their therapy underreporting their use.
Educational and Vocational Programs (2017)

Abstract Educational and vocational programs that provide inmates with skills training and job readiness classes are essential policies that can increase post‐release employment opportunities, promote successful re‐entry, and reduce recidivism. However, challenges such as state and federal cuts to vocational training for inmates, employment restrictions such as criminal background checks, and the elimination of Pell Grants for prisoners, have impacted the effectiveness of educational and vocational correctional programs in the United States. While the need for more comprehensive and empirical research is being increasingly recognized, additional efforts need to be made in order to significantly reduce the rate of recidivism among ex‐inmates. This entry provides an in‐depth analysis of the evolution of the policy's adoption, the policy's explicit and implicit rationale, constitutional challenges to the policy, and evidence‐based research on these programs.
Studies on Generalized Structure and its Properties of Intelligent Control (1995)

This paper presents a generalized structure of intelligent control with signal processing, associative memories and learning, etc. based on the fundamentals, architectures and functions of math-model control systems. The generalized structure proposed may unify various intelligent control systems, e.g., fuzzy logic, neural network, genetic and rule based systems. The structure properties of intelligent control systems, such as controllability, observability and robustness are also investigated. Finally, the applications issues of intelligent controls are discussed.
Device Design for a 12.3-Megapixel, Fully Depleted, Back-Illuminated, High-Voltage Compatible Charge-Coupled Device (2009)

A 12.3-megapixel charge-coupled device (CCD) that can be operated at high substrate-bias voltages has been developed in support of a proposal to study dark energy. The pixel size is 10.5 mum, and the format is 3512 rows by 3508 columns. The CCD is nominally 200 mum thick and is fabricated on high-resistivity n-type silicon that allows for fully depleted operation with the application of a substrate-bias voltage. The CCD is required to have high quantum efficiency (QE) at near-infrared wavelengths, low noise and dark current, and an rms spatial resolution of less than 4 mum. In order to optimize the spatial resolution and QE, requirements that have conflicting dependences on the substrate thickness, it is necessary to operate the CCD at large substrate-bias voltages. In this paper, we describe the features of the CCD, summarize the performance, and discuss in detail the device-design techniques used to realize 200-mum-thick CCDs that can be operated at substrate-bias voltages in excess of 100 V.
Transplantation Immunology (1997)

The practice of clinical and experimental transplantation continues to evolve at a rapid pace. To appreciate the current transplant practices, it is first necessary to review transplant immunology in its proper context, ie, as a component of the complex series of events that promote the repair of damaged tissues. These processes are generally catagorized as inflammation, immunity, and tissue repair/reinforcement. In general, there are 3 forms of graft rejection: hyperacute, acute, and chronic rejection. All 3 forms of graft rejection represent pathologic consequences of one or more of these repair-related processes. The various graft rejection responses also illustrate several complex immunologic principles that need to be considered. These include the definition of an alloantigen, the structure and function of major histocompatibility complex molecules, and the behavior of antigen-presenting cells and alloreactive T cells. This review combines these concepts and principles into a discussion of the 3 forms of graft rejection, each of which is addressed at the level of histopathology, pathobiology, incidence, and clinical strategies.
Large positive magnetoresistance at low temperatures in a ferromagnetic natural multilayer, LaMn2Ge2 (1997)

The results of magnetoresistance measurements on a naturally occurring multilayer LaMn2Ge2, which is ferromagnetic below 326 K, are reported. The magnitude of magnetoresistance is found to be positive below 70 K gradually increasing to an unusually large value (nearly 100%) at 4.2 K in the presence of a field of 70 kOe as the temperature is lowered, similar to the recent observations by Verbanck, Temst, Mae, Schad, Van Bael, Moshchalkov, and Bruynseraede [Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1477 (1997)] in Cr/Ag/Cr trilayers. The positive sign of magnetoresistance for a ferromagnet is unexpected and possible explanations are offered.
Practical Bot Development (2018)

This book explores the concept of bots and discover the motivation behind working with these new apps with messaging platforms. You'll learn the basic concepts behind bot design and implementation. Each chapter builds on previous topics using code that implements the concepts.
Multi-drone Control with Autonomous Mission Support (2019)

Recent advancements on miniaturization and cost of sensors and instruments have promoted a growth in the usage of drones in an increasingly wide range of scenarios such as search and rescue, agriculture and environmental monitoring. However, most mechanisms for drone control still require an active pilot, limiting the ability to execute complex missions, especially when multiple drones are involved. Leveraging recent advances in the autonomous capabilities of commercially-available drone equipment, we introduce a complete and modular solution for controlling multiple drones, implementing the functionality necessary for inexperienced users to plan, execute and monitor complex missions that require drone cooperation.
Boundary Layer Separation Plasma Control Using Low-Temperature Non-Equilibrium Plasma of Gas Discharge (2006)

The influence of pulsed sliding discharge on the flow separation has been investigated. The high efficiency of pulsed discharge was shown within the velocity range from 20 to 110 m/s. The dynamics of discharge propagation with nanosecond time resolution was obtained. The influence of electrodes geometry was investigated. It was found that discharge affects flow separation while the electrodes were placed in parallel to the gas flow so the streamers propagated perpendicular to the flow. The conclusion was made that main mechanism of plasma influence is the boundary layer turbulization.
Concerning 2-Carbomethoxytropinone<sup>*</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConcerning 2-Carbomethoxytropinone*STEPHEN P. FINDLAYCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 11, 1385–1394Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01362a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01362a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1346Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Sodium Valproate on the Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1: An in Vitro Study (2006)

Abstract Background: Sodium valproate, an anticonvulsant drug, is reported to stimulate Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 and Human cytomegalovirus replication. Since epileptic patients undergoing sodium valproate therapy may suffer from various virus infections, the effect of this drug on replication of viruses especially those affecting neuronal tissues such as Herpes simplex virus type 1 is worthy of investigation. Methods: Viral replication was studied by quantal response method. Electron microscopy was also performed on cell monolayers treated with the drug and infected with the virus. Results: Significant reduction in viral infectivity was observed in cell cultures exposed to 0.5-2 mM of sodium valproate either one hr before or after infection. The corresponding electron microscopic examination revealed a very few intracytoplasmic enveloped virions and a marked reduction in the number of intracytoplasmic nucleocapsids in drug-treated virus infected cells compared with those of infected control. However, significant stimulation of virus replication was found upon treatment of cells with 1 mM (p<0.01) and 2 mM (p<0.001) of the drug 24 hours prior to infection. No remarkable change was seen in corresponding electron micrographs. Conclusion: Although the ultimate outcome of this study awaits in vivo assessments, possible stimulation of Herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by sodium valproate should be considered by clinicians prescribing this drug.
[Inhibition of replication of human hepatitis B virus]. (1990)

Several nucleoside 5'-triphosphate analogs were investigated as inhibitors of human hepatitis B virus replication. Different analogs inhibited DNA synthesis differently, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'triphosphate being the most active compound. This inhibitor blocked DNA synthesis by 50% at inhibitor: substrate molar ratio 1:8, and by 80% - at 1:1. The hypothesis is formulated that 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine 5'-triphosphate inhibits RNA directed viral DNA replication due to incorporation of this compound into 3'-termini of newly synthesized DNA chains. The phenomenon observed opens new possibilities for chemotherapy of acute and chronic human hepatitis B.
THE PRODUCTION OF RAIN BY A CHAIN REACTION IN CUMULUS CLOUDS AT TEMPERATURES ABOVE FREEZING (1948)

The effect of surface tension in causing the evaporation of the smaller droplets in clouds with simultaneous growth of the larger droplets is an important factor determining the early stages of cumulus cloud droplets. The process is too slow to account for the formation of raindrops. If larger droplets are produced near the top of the cloud by the melting of snowflakes (Bergeron-Findeisen) they may grow to raindrop size by accretion due to coalescence with cloud droplets. A quantitative theory is developed for the efficiency of the accretion process considering the trajectories of the small droplets moving near the surface of the larger falling drop. Heavy rain consisting of large drops frequently forms in tropical clouds which lie wholly below the freezing level (‘warm’ clouds). Large summer cumulus clouds with tops above 23,000 ft, reaching above the freezing level (‘cool’ clouds), after seeding with dry ice have given heavy rain of large drops which reach the ground within fifteen to twenty minutes after seeding. It is considered that such effects are caused by a chain reaction in which a falling drop, of a size sufficient to give good collection efficiency, falls through the cloud until it grows so large that it breaks up giving numerous smaller drops which are carried aloft and grow to the break-up size before returning to the height at which they were formed. The critical conditions for maintaining such a chain reaction involve lower limits for the updraft velocity, the thickness and water content of the cloud, the diameters of the cloud droplets and of the fragments produced by the break-up of the falling drops. The production of heavy rain by dry ice seeding of warm clouds in the Hawaiian Islands by Leopold and Halstead are explained as being due to this chain reaction. The rapid formation of rain by seeding large cool cumulus clouds is explained. The rain is brought rapidly to the ground by the downdrafts caused by the localized weight of the falling rain. The seeding of rapidly developing warm cumulus clouds by introducing water drops or pellets of ordinary ice should thus under proper conditions lead to the production of heavy rain. The development of self propagating storms in unstable air masses is also discussed.
New Signature Scheme Using Conjugacy Problem. (2002)

We propose a new digital signature scheme based on a non-commutative group where the conjugacy search problem is hard and the conjugacy decision problem is feasible. We implement our signature scheme in the braid groups and prove that an existential forgery of the implementation under no message attack gives a solution to a variation of conjugacy search problem. Then we discuss performance of our scheme under suggested parameters.
November 28, 1367 (1867)

Shell widely and deeply umbilicated, somewhat conically lenticular, rather solid, obliquely striated, pale horn-colour, broadly banded with dark chestnut ; spire convexly depressly conical, apex obtuse, suture narrowly margined ; whorls five, rather convex, the last a little descending, acutely keeled, slightly convex at the base, which is sometimes brown, the colour extending to within a short distance of the keel, at other times broadly spirally banded with brown
The relationship between stomach contents and maturity state for major northwest Atlantic fishes: new paradigms? (2001)

Iteroparous species examined from the northwest Atlantic demonstrated distinct relationships between feeding and reproduction. Two species showed an increase in feeding during the developing, ripe and running stages of reproduction, indicative of the ramper pattern. Four species showed an increase in feeding after spawning in the spent or resting stage of reproduction, indicative of the rester pattern. Two species exhibited no distinct pattern. Evidence from other species confirms these major patterns. This information may be useful to determine the effectiveness of different management measures, particularly in relation to feeding or spawning aggregations. There are two major feeding‐reproductive patterns for fishes along a continuum of possibilities.