gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of sister chromatid exchanges in fibroblasts from normal donors and from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum after combined treatment with ultraviolet radiation and modulated low frequency electric currents. (1999)

Dermal fibroblasts derived from normal donors as well as from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) were exposed in vitro to ultraviolet radiation of 254 nm wavelength and to weak electric 4, 000 Hz currents modulated in amplitude with 50 Hz. Treatment with this so-called interferential current (IFC) increased the rate of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in all fibroblast types up to roughly 50% above the spontaneous level. When IFC was applied in combination with UV-radiation, it lowered UV-induced increase of the SCE-rate. A reduction of UV-induced SCEs was seen when XP-cells were exposed to IFC prior to UV-treatment, compared to the reverse order of treatment. The order of exposure has only been analysed in 5 XP patients, not in normal donors. The relationships between different combinations of exposure parameters (IFC-amperage, UV-dose, cell pathology, order of treatment) were examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Evaluation of Virtual Screening Performance of Support Vector Machines Trained by Sparsely Distributed Active Compounds (2008)

Virtual screening performance of support vector machines (SVM) depends on the diversity of training active and inactive compounds. While diverse inactive compounds can be routinely generated, the number and diversity of known actives are typically low. We evaluated the performance of SVM trained by sparsely distributed actives in six MDDR biological target classes composed of a high number of known actives (983-1645) of high, intermediate, and low structural diversity (muscarinic M1 receptor agonists, NMDA receptor antagonists, thrombin inhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, cephalosporins, and renin inhibitors). SVM trained by regularly sparse data sets of 100 actives show improved yields at substantially reduced false-hit rates compared to those of published studies and those of Tanimoto-based similarity searching method based on the same data sets and molecular descriptors. SVM trained by very sparse data sets of 40 actives (2.4%-4.1% of the known actives) predicted 17.5-39.5%, 23.0-48.1%, and 70.2-92.4% of the remaining 943-1605 actives in the high, intermediate, and low diversity classes, respectively, 13.8-68.7% of which are outside the training compound families. SVM predicted 99.97% and 97.1% of the 9.997 M PUBCHEM and 167K remaining MDDR compounds as inactive and 2.6%-8.3% of the 19,495-38,483 MDDR compounds similar to the known actives as active. These suggest that SVM has substantial capability in identifying novel active compounds from sparse active data sets at low false-hit rates.
Reducing Porosity in Aluminum Lost Foam Castings Through Computer Simulation (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The lost foam casting (LFC) process offers unmatched versatility for producing near-net shape complex components for the automotive industry. Castings made by the LFC process can replace numerous individually-manufactured parts through part consolidation, have little or no draft, and have minimum machining stock. However, the filling behavior of lost foam castings is very different from that of open-cavity castings, so methods to reduce casting anomalies are not intuitive. Casting simulation codes have been in use for the past three decades and they are reasonably successful in predicting porosity in steel and other ferrous castings. The prediction of porosity in aluminum alloys is difficult because of long freezing ranges and lack of accurate thermo-physical property data. Also, for lost foam castings, large thermal gradients are created by slow mold filling, which further complicates porosity prediction. Both accurate thermo-physical property data and a modified solidification subroutine have been developed so that the temperature distribution at the end of filling and macro-porosity formed during solidification can be accurately predicted in lost foam aluminum castings. Model predictions have been validated with experimental cooling curves and foundry trials. Simulation results have shown that the gating system design for the lost foam casting is crucial in establishing thermal gradients for subsequent solidification. Experiments with commercial lost foam castings validated simulation predictions.</div>
An improved analytical model for CT dose simulation with a new look at the theory of CT dose (2005)

Gagne [Med. Phys. 16, 29-37 (1989)] has previously described a model for predicting the sensitivity and dose profiles in the slice-width (z) direction for CT scanners. The model, developed prior to the advent of multidetector CT scanners, is still widely used; however, it does not account for the effect of anode tilt on the penumbra or include the heel effect, both of which are increasingly important for the wider beams (up to 40 mm) of contemporary, multidetector scanners. Additionally, it applied only on (or near) the axis of rotation, and did not incorporate the photon energy spectrum. The improved model described herein transcends all of the aforementioned limitations of the Gagne model, including extension to the peripheral phantom axes. Comparison of simulated and measured dose data provides experimental validation of the model, including verification of the superior match to the penumbra provided by the tilted-anode model, as well as the observable effects on the cumulative dose distribution. The initial motivation for the model was to simulate the quasiperiodic dose distribution on the peripheral, phantom axes resulting from a helical scan series in order to facilitate the implementation of an improved method of CT dose measurement utilizing a short ion chamber, as proposed by Dixon [Med. Phys. 30, 1272-1280 (2003)]. A more detailed set of guidelines for implementing such measurements is also presented in this paper. In addition, some fundamental principles governing CT dose which have not previously been clearly enunciated follow from the model, and a fundamental (energy-based) quantity dubbed "CTDI-aperture" is introduced.
Response of polymer composites to high and low velocity impact (1990)

The present investigation of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites' impact characteristics employed a drop tower for the low-velocity impact case and a novel, projectile instantaneous velocity-measuring sensor for high-velocity impact. Attention was given to the energy loss of projectiles in composites reinforced with polyethylene, kevlar, and graphite. Two distinct energy-loss mechanisms are noted, the first of which is due to the actual fracture process while the other is due to the generation of friction heat. The drop-tower impact-test results furnish the strain-rate dependence of the energy loss.
Change of desired trajectory caused by training in a novel motor task (2005)

When the human motor system adapts to novel dynamics of the arm during reaching, hand trajectories tends to converge toward a roughly straight line. This straight line is thought to be the desired trajectory of the system. Trial-to-trial changes in performance are well described by a first order state-space model: errors in a given trial affect performance on the subsequent trial as a function of the distance in state space between the two trials. This function describes the generalization patterns that govern adaptation. Whereas the desired trajectory and the generalization function have been quantified for short-term adaptation, little is known about their behavior with long-term training. We report that when subjects are trained to reach in novel force fields over multiple days, the state-space model suggests that the desired trajectory undergoes systematic changes. In a constant field, the desired trajectory becomes curved. The direction of change of the desired trajectory is affected by the training protocol, such that occasional unperturbed trials (catch trials) caused subject to increasingly under-compensate for the perturbations whereas a lack of such trials caused subjects to increasingly overcompensate for the perturbations. We suggest that the desired trajectory is not constant, but is a result of an optimization that considers the success rate. In this optimization process, subjects weigh more heavily the importance of certain trials: either those that are infrequent or those that cause large errors.
Developmental expression of elements of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in the rat. (1995)

The expression of several key enzymes and receptors of rat hepatic cholesterol metabolism was studied during development. Among major findings were: acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase, the cholesteryl ester hydrolases, cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase and the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP) were very low in fetal livers, but all were induced shortly before birth, suggesting that these elements are important for extrauterine life. Although the other elements continued to increase, by day 6 of postnatal life, cholesterol-7 alpha-hydroxylase had reached undetectable levels. It reappeared by day 12 of suckling, placing it in the group of late-appearing activities necessary for the fully mature hepatic phenotype. Changes in acyl coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase activity appeared due predominantly to changes in amount of active protein. The cholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) activities all showed different developmental patterns, suggesting that each was a unique activity. The bile salt-dependent CEH activity was much higher in the suckling period than in the adult where it was almost undetectable, suggesting that this CEH may have its major importance in the suckling period of development. Low density lipoprotein receptors exhibited a pattern very different from that of the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptors and did not show consistent correlation with any other elements. At some developmental time points, the relationships amongst the elements differed significantly from the adult pattern. These studies provide for the first time an integrated picture of developmental expression of key elements of hepatic cholesterol metabolism and set the stage for further studies on their modes of regulation.
Emulsification properties of polyesters and sucrose ester blends I: Carbohydrate fatty acid polyesters (1992)

A number of carbohydrate fatty acid polyesters, potential fat substitutes, were screened for their ability to reduce surface and interfacial tensions alone or as blends with commercial emulsifiers. Commercial sucrose ester emulsifiers (Ryoto, Mitsubishi‐Kasei Food Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) were evaluated alone or blended with other sucrose esters or with other carbohydrate fatty acid polyesters, and their surfactant properties were examined in terms of their ability to reduce surface and interfacial tensions at different concentrations and to stabilize oil‐in‐water (o/w) and water‐in‐oil (w/o) food emulsions at room and refrigeration temperatures, respectively. In general, when used alone the carbohydrate polyesters were excellent stabilizers of w/o emulsions and poor stabilizers of o/w emulsions. Blending lipophilic carbohydrate polyesters with hydrophilic commercial emulsifiers, such as S‐1670, produced stable o/w emulsions and unstable w/o emulsions. Our results suggest that emulsifier blends of potential fat substitutes with FDA‐approved commercial sugar ester emulsifiers can be prepared for possible use in low‐calorie foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as o/w and w/o emulsifiers.
Using meta-level compilation to check FLASH protocol code (2000)

Building systems such as OS kernels and embedded software is difficult. An important source of this difficulty is the numerous rules they must obey: interrupts cannot be disabled for ~too long," global variables must be protected by locks, user pointers passed to OS code must be checked for safety before use, etc. A single violation can crash the system, yet typically these invariants are unchecked, existing only on paper or in the implementor's mind.This paper is a case study in how system implementors can use a new programming methodology, meta-level compilation (MC), to easily check such invariants. It focuses on using MC to check for errors in the code used to manage cache coherence on the FLASH shared memory multiprocessor. The only real practical method known for verifying such code is testing and simulation. We show that simple, system-specific checkers can dramatically improve this situation by statically pinpointing errors in the program source. These checkers can be written by implementors themselves and, by exploiting the system-specific information this allows, can detect errors unreachable with other methods. The checkers in this paper found 34 bugs in FLASH code despite the care used in building it and the years of testing it has undergone. Many of these errors fall in the worst category of systems bugs: those that show up sporadically only after days of continuous use. The case study is interesting because it shows that the MC approach finds serious errors in well-tested, non-toy systems code. Further, the code to find such bugs is usually 10-100 lines long, written in a few hours, and exactly locates errors that, if discovered during testing, would require several days of investigation by an experienced implementor.The paper presents 8 checkers we wrote, their application to five different protocol implementations, and a discussion of the errors that we found.
Infusion of prepro-VIP Derived Peptides in Man: Effect on Secretion of Prolactin (1988)

Infusion of the three human prepro-VIP derived peptides [vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), peptide histidine methionine (PHM) and the newly discovered peptide histidine valine (PHV-42)] at a constant nominal rate of 5 pmol/kg/min in 6 healthy volunteers for 60 min resulted in plateau plasma levels of 56,475 and 1,052 pmol/l, respectively. Although these values were above those found in the circulation under physiological conditions, only VIP caused a significant rise of prolactin (PRL) during, and postinfusion. Circulating luteinizing hormone and cortisol concentrations remained unchanged. As peptide histidine isoleucine, the porcine equivalent of PHM, has been postulated to be a potent hypophyseal portal pituitary PRL-releasing factor in the rat, we suggest that in man, VIP is more active than either PHM or PHV-42, and is likely to be a better candidate.
Supplementary Table S2 from <i>BRAF-KIAA1549</i> Fusion Predicts Better Clinical Outcome in Pediatric Low-Grade Astrocytoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S2 from <i>BRAF-KIAA1549</i> Fusion Predicts Better Clinical Outcome in Pediatric Low-Grade Astrocytoma
Frequency and surface phenotype of human T lymphocytes producing interleukin 2. Analysis by limiting dilution and cell cloning (1985)

In this study we have determined the frequency and distribution of interleukin 2 (IL2)-producing cells and their precursors (IL2-P) in the two major subsets of human T cells. The two subsets were identified on the basis of their reactivity (or lack thereof) with anti-T4 or anti-T8 monoclonal antibodies. T4+T8- and T4-T8+ cells were first isolated from peripheral blood T cell populations by positive or negative selection using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and then analyzed for total IL2-P and cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-P) frequencies using a limiting dilution microculture system which allows clonal growth of every T cell. The results indicated that 50-60% of peripheral blood T cells consisted of IL2-P. In the T4+T8- subset (which represents 60-65% of all T cells) about 75% of the cells were IL2-P, whereas about 15% of T4-T8+ cells exhibited this functional potential. In contrast, about 3% and greater than 95% of T4+T8- and T4-T8+ cells, respectively, were CTL-P. Thus, these data provide direct evidence that there is no absolute correlation between the surface phenotype and the functional potential of human peripheral blood T cells. Moreover, it is evident from this frequency analysis that a significant proportion of T4-T8+ cells have a dual functional potential. IL2-P and CTL-P frequencies were also determined in T cell populations which had been activated in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture. The IL2-P frequencies in total T, T4+T8- and T4-T8+ MLC populations were 30, 45 and 10%, respectively. Comparative analysis of IL2 production and CTL activity at the clonal level confirmed that up to 20% of alloreactive CTL with the T4-T8+ surface phenotype were able to produce IL2 upon specific stimulation. This dual functional capacity was also observed among T4+T8- CTL.
An information-theoretic quality assessment approach for X-ray images (2008)

In this work, Shannon's formulation of the information capacity of a communication\nchannel is considered as a framework for the quantification of image quality. We describe a method to apply Shannon's noisy channel coding theorem on radiographic images, which exhibit signal-dependent noise. Results of a number of experiments on real X-ray images are presented, showing the correlation of the proposed method with classical image quality metrics from Linear Systems Theory.
Electron diffraction and microscopy studies of the structure of grain boundaries in silicon (1981)

Abstract The diffraction effects expected from the periodic structure of twist boundaries in Si are determined by an examination of the reciprocal lattice of these boundaries. Methods of analysis are developed to distinguish between the real diffraction spots due to the periodic boundary structure and those due to double diffraction effects. The electron microscope images from the boundaries studied in Si bicrystals were frequently found to be complex and contained moiré fringes which provided no information on the actual boundary structure. By analysing the electron diffraction patterns from these boundaries for the presence of new diffraction spots it is possible to show that all the Σ1 [001], Σ1 [111] and Σ3 [111] twist boundaries examined have a periodic structure.
La santé parodontale: une clef de la santé bucco-dentaire et de la santé en général. répercussions cardio-vasculaires des infections parodontales (2001)

peer reviewed
SOFC/CeO2 Doped Electrolyte Deposition Using Suspension Plasma Spraying (2000)

Abstract Ceria (CeO2) based electrolytes have been considered for use in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) for more than 20 years. There are however some limitations to this usage that this study has tried to address, indeed the study objective has been that of synthesizing and thermal spraying thin layers (50 - 100 µm) of doped CeO2 by the technique of suspension plasma spraying, using radio frequency (RF) plasma technology. Various dopant combinations and concentrations have been selected for this work in order to increase the useful partial oxygen pressure range for satisfactory ionic conductivity development, thereby increasing the anionic conductivity and preventing CeO2 reduction in fuel cell service. Ceria possesses the fluorite crystal structure at low temperatures but does not have enough oxygen vacancies to be a good ionic conductor. In ceria the cerium have 4+ oxidation state within the fluorite structure, and by substituting a certain amount of Ce4+ ions by trivalent dopant ions, oxygen vacancies are induced into the structure. Recent studies have demonstrated that at low temperatures doped ceria seems to be a better electrolyte than doped zirconia. Also, it seems that dopants with ionic radii close to Ce4+ ions give rise to better ionic conductivities. The doped ceria conductivity increases with the dopant concentration because more oxygen vacancies are created, but at higher concentrations vacancy ordering occurs which results in decreased ionic conductivity.
Risks of transfusion-transmitted infections: 2003 (2003)

Prevention of these potential transfusion-transmitted infections is addressed by deferring potential donors whose personal behaviors or travel histories place them at risk.
A Role for an Hsp70 Nucleotide Exchange Factor in the Regulation of Synaptic Vesicle Endocytosis (2013)

Neurotransmission requires a continuously available pool of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that can fuse with the plasma membrane and release their neurotransmitter contents upon stimulation. After fusion, SV membranes and membrane proteins are retrieved from the presynaptic plasma membrane by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. After the internalization of a clathrin-coated vesicle, the vesicle must uncoat to replenish the pool of SVs. Clathrin-coated vesicle uncoating requires ATP and is mediated by the ubiquitous molecular chaperone Hsc70. In vitro, depolymerized clathrin forms a stable complex with Hsc70*ADP. This complex can be dissociated by nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) that release ADP from Hsc70, allowing ATP to bind and induce disruption of the clathrin:Hsc70 association. Whether NEFs generally play similar roles in vesicle trafficking in vivo and whether they play such roles in SV endocytosis in particular is unknown. To address this question, we used information from recent structural and mechanistic studies of Hsp70:NEF and Hsp70:co-chaperone interactions to design a NEF inhibitor. Using acute perturbations at giant reticulospinal synapses of the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), we found that this NEF inhibitor inhibited SV endocytosis. When this inhibitor was mutated so that it could no longer bind and inhibit Hsp110 (a NEF that we find to be highly abundant in brain cytosol), its ability to inhibit SV endocytosis was eliminated. These observations indicate that the action of a NEF, most likely Hsp110, is normally required during SV trafficking to release clathrin from Hsc70 and make it available for additional rounds of endocytosis.
Antagonistic effect of CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-α and Pax5 in myeloid or lymphoid lineage choice in common lymphoid progenitors (2006)

Lymphoid lineage-committed progenitors, such as common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), maintain a latent myeloid differentiation potential, which can be initiated by stimulation through exogenously expressed cytokine receptors, including IL-2 receptors. Here we show that the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer-binding protein-alpha (C/EBPalpha) is promptly up-regulated in CLPs upon ectopic IL-2 stimulation. Enforced C/EBPalpha expression is sufficient to initiate myeloid differentiation from CLPs, as well as from proT and proB cells, even though proB cells do not give rise to myeloid cells after ectopic IL-2 stimulation. Expression of Pax5, a B lymphoid-affiliated transcription factor, is completely suppressed by enforced C/EBPalpha but not by ectopic IL-2 stimulation in proB cells. Introduction of Pax5 blocks ectopic IL-2 receptor-mediated myeloid lineage conversion in CLPs. These data suggest that C/EBPalpha is a proximal target of cytokine-induced lineage conversion in lymphoid progenitors. Furthermore, complete loss of Pax5 expression triggered by up-regulation of C/EBPalpha is a critical event for lineage conversion from lymphoid to myeloid lineage in CLPs and proB cells.
Distributed Object Transportation Using Virtual Object (2014)

This paper presents a distributed object transportation technique using a virtual object. Previous methods of object transportation have been required to have a global navigation function with a feedback controller. In other words, all robots should have the goal position to manipulate the object when using those methods, and with them it was difficult to guarantee the wrapping condition of the object during transportation. The proposed technique, however, enables the object to be transported without a global navigation function by means of a new technique termed a virtual object. The proposed technique is divided into three phases: the approaching phase, the enclosing phase, and the transporting phase. Simulated experiments are presented to test the validity and practicality of the proposed method.  Index Terms—object transportation, virtual object, object closure