gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Framework for Determining Load Equivalencies with DARWin-ME (2013)

This paper presents a methodology for use of mechanistic–empirical design procedures to determine load equivalencies for various axle configurations and loads with a focus on oversize and overweight vehicles. The study uses the DARWin-ME system for pavement analysis and computation of equivalent damage factors (EDFs). In the context of the study, the EDFs for a given axle load and configuration consist of two partial factors: the axle load factor and the group equivalency factor. The framework adopted in this study defines a given axle load and configuration equivalent to a reference axle load based on equivalent pavement responses that results in the same distress level. The EDFs for single, tandem, tridem, and quad axles were evaluated for a wide spectrum of varying loads, and three failure criteria were applied: rutting, fatigue cracking, and roughness. Except in the case of rutting, there was no evidence that EDFs are affected by the structural capacity of the pavement sections. For single axles, it was found that thicker pavement structures are less sensitive to traffic loads. For tandem, tridem, and quad axles, the relationship was nonmonotonic. For fatigue cracking, a linear relationship between the axle load factor and the number of axles per axle group was observed. Finally, for roughness, the EDFs showed no systematic trend for the different structural numbers.
Effects Of Catalysts During Ozonation Of Salicylic Acid, Peptides And Humic Substances In Aqueous Solution (1999)

Abstract Abstract The oxidation of two model molecules (salicylic acid and a peptide) and humic substances in aqueous solution was studied using ozone in the presence of various catalysts. Experiments were performed in reactors operated either in batch (TOCo = 2.5 mg C.L−1) or in semi-continuous flow mode (TOCo = 42 mg C.L−1). Key Words: OzoneCatalytic OxidationCatalytic OzonationTOC RemovalDrinking Water TreatmentHumic SubstancesPeptidesSalicylic AcidAluminaTitanium DioxideClayNatural Waters
Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Autonomous and Distributed Spacecraft (D-Shield) (2021)

We describe a suite of scalable software methods and frameworks to helps schedule payload operations of a large constellation, with multiple payloads per and across spacecraft, such that the collection of observational data and their downlink, constrained by the constellation constraints (orbital mechanics), resources (e.g., power) and subsystems (e.g., attitude control), results in maximum science value for a selected use case. Constellation topology, spacecraft and ground network characteristics can be imported from design tools or existing constellations and can serve as elements of an operations design tool. Our framework includes a science simulator to inform the scheduler of the predictive value of observations or operational decisions. Autonomous, realtime re-scheduling based on past observations needs improved data assimilation methods within the simulator.
Development and Application of a Multi-Disciplinary Multi-Regime Design Methodology of a Low-Noise Contra-Rotating Open-Rotor (2015)

This paper focuses on the development and exploitation of a multi-disciplinary, optimization-assisted, design methodology for contra-rotating open-rotors. The design procedure relies on a two-step approach. An aero-mechanical optimization is first performed to generate a geometry with good performances over several high-speed points representative of a mission. This geometry is subsequently used as the baseline of an aero-mechanical-acoustic optimization focusing on interaction noise reduction at Cutback and Sideline low-speed points. In terms of design parameters, both rotors are modified for the first phase but only the upper part of the front rotor is altered for the noise minimization. A fully-automatic high-fidelity aero-mechanical-acoustic computational chain with fluid-structure coupling is exploited in combination with evolutionary algorithms assisted by surrogate models for the constrained-optimization process. The acoustic footprint is estimated by a simplified but fast and relevant formulation combining an unsteady lifting-line and an acoustic propagation method. The best geometry of the first design gains 1.2pt in weighted efficiency while respecting all the aero-mechanical constraints. The acoustic optimization shows that noise reduction at Sideline and Cutback points is strongly antagonistic. However, significant Sideline noise reduction from 3.5 to 5.5dB depending on the harmonics is achieved while maintaining Cutback noise and without major degradation of high-speed efficiency.
FIELD TEST OF A GUIDING SYSTEM - ALI. SHORT VERSION OF THE RESULT REPORT (1982)

A development and demonstration project supported by the Federal Ministry of Research and Technology started in mid-1977, the aim of which was to show the feasibility of the car driver guide and information system (ALI) developed by the Blaupunkt Works and the Aachen Polytechnic in practical experiments in real time conditions. The field tests which were done on a secion of the motorway network in the Ruhr, finished on 31.12.1981 as planned. A final report was prepared by the three firms directly involved in the project. This short report represents an extract from the most important chapters.
Incremental causal reasoning (1987)

Causal reasoning comprises a large portion of the inference performed by automatic planners. In this paper, we consider a class of inference systems that are said to be predictive in that they derive certain causal consequences of a base set of premises corresponding to a set of events and constraints on their occurrence. The inference system is provided with a set of rules, referred to as a causal theory, that specifies, with some limited accuracy, the cause and effect relationships between objects and processes in a given domain. As modifications are made to the base set of premises, the inference system is responsible for accounting for all and only those inferences licensed by the premises and current causal theory. Unfortunately, the general decision problem for nontrivial causal theories involving partially ordered events is NP-complete. As an alternative to a complete but potentially exponential-time inference procedure, we describe a limited-inference polynomial-time algorithm capable of dealing with partially ordered events. This algorithm generates a useful subset ofthose inferences that will be true in all total orders consistent with some specified partial order. The algorithm is incremental and, while it is not complete, it is provably sound.
Acquired Palatal Fistula in Patients with Submucous and Incomplete Cleft Palate before Surgery (2016)

It is uncommon for a palatal fistula to be detected in individuals who have not undergone surgery, and only sporadic cases have been reported. It is even more difficult to find cases of acquired palatal fistula in patients with submucous or incomplete cleft palate. Herein, we present 2 rare cases of this phenomenon. Case 1 was a patient with submucous cleft palate who acquired a palatal fistula after suffering from oral candidiasis at the age of 5 months. Case 2 was a patient with incomplete cleft palate who spontaneously, without trauma or infection, presented with a palatal fistula at the age of 9 months.
Open-Loop Control of Combustion Instabilities and the Role of the Flame Response to Two-Frequency Forcing (2012)

Controlling combustion instabilities by means of open-loop forcing at non-resonant frequencies is attractive because neither a dynamic sensor signal nor a signal processor is required. On the other hand, since the mechanism by which this type of control suppresses an unstable thermoacoustic mode is inherently nonlinear, a comprehensive explanation for success (or failure) of open-loop control has not been found. The present work contributes to the understanding of this process in that it interprets open-loop forcing at non-resonant frequencies in terms of the flame’s nonlinear response to a superposition of two approximately sinusoidal input signals. For a saturation-type nonlinearity, the fundamental gain at one frequency may be decreased by increasing the amplitude of a secondary frequency component in the input signal. This effect is first illustrated on the basis of an elementary model problem. In addition, an experimental investigation is conducted at an atmospheric combustor test-rig to corroborate the proposed explanation. Open-loop acoustic and fuel-flow forcing at various frequencies and amplitudes is applied at unstable operating conditions that exhibit high-amplitude limit-cycle oscillations. The effectiveness of specific forcing parameters in suppressing self-excited oscillations is correlated with flame response measurements that include a secondary forcing frequency. The results demonstrate that a reduction in the fundamental harmonic gain at the instability frequency through the additional forcing at a non-resonant frequency is one possible indicator of successful open-loop control. Since this mechanism is independent of the system acoustics, an assessment of favorable forcing parameters, which stabilize thermoacoustic oscillations, may be based solely on an investigation of burner and flame.
P1.027 Risks Associated with Bacterial Vaginosis in Infertility Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2013)

<h3>Background</h3> Several studies have shown that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is particularly prevalent in patients with infertility, though it has not been firmly established which risks infertility patients with BV incur for pregnancy outcome. We aimed to assess the prevalence of BV in infertility patients, as well as to quantify the magnitude of the association between BV and cause of infertility on the one hand, and conception rates and early pregnancy loss following in-vitro-fertilisation (IVF) on the other hand. <h3>Methods</h3> Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. <h3>Results</h3> The estimated prevalence of BV in infertile women is 19% (95% CI: 14 – 25%). Abnormal microbiota (Nugent scores 4 to 10) occurs in 39% of the infertile patients (95% CI: 26 – 52%). BV is significantly more prevalent in women with infertility compared to antenatal women in the same population (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.53 – 7.20). BV is significantly more prevalent in women with tubal infertility compared to women with other causes of infertility (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.62 – 4.75). BV is not associated with decreased conception rates (OR 1.03, 95% CI 0.79 – 1.33). BV is associated with a significantly elevated risk of preclinical pregnancy loss (OR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.24 – 4.51), but is not associated with an increased risk of first trimester abortion (OR 1.20, 95% CI: 0.52 – 2.74) <h3>Conclusion</h3> All studies on cause of infertility in relation to BV included had a cross-sectional design and therefore do not allow for causal inferences. Still, there is strong circumstantial evidence that supports a causal link between BV and tubal infertility. Studies with a longitudinal design on other hand strongly support a relation between BV and early pregnancy loss. Unfortunately, no study looked beyond first trimester foetal loss.
Photo‐oxidation of poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylenevinylene) (1997)

The operating lifetime of light‐emitting devices (LEDs) based on poly( p ‐phenylenevinylene) (PPV), one of the most widely used conjugated polymers for polymer‐based LEDs, is sensitive to air exposure. The effects associated with the photo‐oxidation of PPV in air are examined. Possible photo‐induced oxidation products are proposed based on simulations using stilbene as a model compound. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and quantum‐chemical calculations all indicate that a series of photo‐oxidation products from on the surface of the PPV thin films.
Persistence of Infectious HIV on Follicular Dendritic Cells (2001)

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) trap Ags and retain them in their native state for many months. Shortly after infection, HIV particles are trapped on FDCs and can be observed until the follicular network is destroyed. We sought to determine whether FDCs could maintain trapped virus in an infectious state for long periods of time. Because virus replication would replenish the HIV reservoir and thus falsely prolong recovery of infectious virus, we used a nonpermissive murine model to examine maintenance of HIV infectivity in vivo. We also examined human FDCs in vitro to determine whether they could maintain HIV infectivity. FDC-trapped virus remained infectious in vivo at all time points examined over a 9-mo period. Remarkably, as few as 100 FDCs were sufficient to transmit infection throughout the 9-mo period. Human FDCs maintained HIV infectivity for at least 25 days in vitro, whereas virus without FDCs lost infectivity after only a few days. These data indicate that HIV retained on FDCs can be long lived even in the absence of viral replication and suggest that FDCs stabilize and protect HIV, thus providing a long-term reservoir of infectious virus. These trapped stores of HIV may be replenished with replicating virus that persists even under highly active antiretroviral therapy and would likely be capable of causing infection on cessation of drug therapy.
Evaluation of plasma jet ignition for improved performance of alternate fuels (1982)

Alcohols, such as ethanol and methanol, are potential substitutes for gasoline during periods of fuel shortages. The pure alcohols have been reported to cause performance and starting problems when used to fuel internal combustion engines. This study characterized how three modes of ignition, OEM-magneto, high energy conventional spark (CI) and plasma jet ignition (PJI) influenced the engine combustion properties of ethanol, methanol and gasoline-alcohol blends. Specific combustion properties examined in these measurements were burning velocity and lean limit. In addition, the engine performance was determined for 30% alcohol-gasoline containing blends. These engine performance measurements determined brake power, blake specific fuel consumption and brake emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. The findings of this study suggest that high energy ignition systems, such as plasma jet ignition, will improve both fuel combustion properties and engine performance.
Optical Adaptive Filter; Analytical Model (1986)

A general analytical model is developed for an adaptive optical filter. This model is used to explain system performance limitations and relate them to specific imperfections of the hardware implementation. Optimization of the system transfer function shows that 30-35 dB of stable gain can be achieved with reasonable hardware and system tolerances.
STUDIES ON WOOL PRESS FELTS (1966)

Tentering of milled felt was studied. Relations between changes of area of felt by tentering and breaking strength, breaking extention and splitting resistance were examined. Breaking strength of the felt increases by tentering, and the increase was especially pronounced in the early stage of tentering, but it tends to decrease in the later stage of tentering. Splitting resistance and breaking extention decreases by tentering, and the decrease is pronounced in the early stage of tentering.Experimental results may be explained by assuming that breaking strength and splitting resistance are mainly affected by both the degrees of entanglement of fibers and the fiber orientation. Where it is suggested that the increasing degree of tentering increases the degree of fiber orientation in two dimentional direction, and decrease the orientation in the vertical direction and decrease the degree of entanglement of wool fibers.
DIFFUSION OF METALS IN LIQUID LEAD (1959)

In a trough-shaped lead melt the diffusion of metals was observed and melted by color changes of the sunface oxidation layer. The diffusion- concentration relations found showed that under equal conditions the heat of mixing determines the rate of diffusion. (T.R.H.)
The Glucocorticoid Receptor: A Revisited Target for Toxins (2010)

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation and glucocorticoid responses are critical for survival from a number of bacterial, viral and toxic insults, demonstrated by the fact that removal of the HPA axis or GR blockade enhances mortality rates. Replacement with synthetic glucocorticoids reverses these effects by providing protection against lethal effects. Glucocorticoid resistance/insensitivity is a common problem in the treatment of many diseases. Much research has focused on the molecular mechanism behind this resistance, but an area that has been neglected is the role of infectious agents and toxins. We have recently shown that the anthrax lethal toxin is able to repress glucocorticoid receptor function. Data suggesting that the glucocorticoid receptor may be a target for a variety of toxins is reviewed here. These studies have important implications for glucocorticoid therapy.
Synthesis of Sterically Congested 2,2′-Bi(Adamantyl)-Based Alcohol and Amines (2019)

Sterically congested chiral alcohol and amines have gained tremendous attention in the design of asymmetric catalysts. Herein, the synthesis of a sterically congested bis-adamantane framework-based chiral alcohol, (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-(2-adamantyl)adamantan-2-ol, and amine, (1<i>R</i>,2<i>S</i>,3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-4-(2-adamantyl)adamantan-2-amine, is described. Access to these sterically encumbered compounds is found via the preparation of an enantioenriched 4-adamantyladamantan-2-one intermediate, which was synthesized in 6 steps from adamantan-2-one. The key step involved enzyme-catalyzed ester hydrolysis in giving unsaturated alcohol with an enantiomeric excess of >95%. This adamantylidene adamantanol was subjected to an acid-catalyzed intramolecular [1,4] shift to give the key chiral intermediate without racemization. This ketone intermediate was transformed into the target compounds via reduction and reductive amination protocols.
Association between the p170 form of human topoisomerase II and progeny viral DNA in cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (1994)

Endogenous host topoisomerase II acts upon herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA in infected cells (S.N. Ebert, S.S. Shtrom, and M.T. Muller, J. Virol. 56:4059-4066, 1990), and cleavage is directed exclusively at progeny viral DNA while parental DNA is resistant. To evaluate the possibility that HSV-1 induces topoisomerase II activity which could account for the preferential cleavage of progeny viral DNA, we assessed topoisomerase II cleavage activity on cellular and viral DNA substrates before and after the initiation of viral DNA replication. We show that cleavage of a host gene in mock-infected cells was similar to that observed in HSV-1-infected cells, regardless of whether viral DNA replication had occurred. In addition, quantitative measurements revealed comparable amounts of topoisomerase II activity in infected and mock-infected cells; thus, HSV-1 neither induces nor encodes its own type II topoisomerase and cleavages in vivo are due to a preexisting host topoisomerase. Human cells contain two isozymes of topoisomerase II (p170 and p180), encoded by separate genes. Through the use of isozyme-specific antibodies, we demonstrate that only p170 was found to be cross-linked to HSV-1 DNA even though both forms were present at nearly constant levels in HSV-1-infected cells. Immunofluorescence revealed that by 6 h postinfection, p170 becomes redistributed and localized to sites of active viral DNA synthesis. The data suggest that p170 gains preferential access to replicated viral DNA molecules, which explains why topoisomerase II activity is concentrated on progeny DNA.
Configurational anisotropy in square lattices of interacting cobalt dots (2002)

Magnetostatic coupling effects are investigated in square lattices of polycrystalline circular Co dots as a function of dot diameter, spacing, and thickness. We observe a quadratic anisotropy for closely spaced dots when the dot thickness exceeds 15 nm, correlated to a change in the magnetization reversal process from coherent rotation to vortex nucleation/annihilation. To understand the observed anisotropy micromagnetic simulations have been performed which show that vortex nucleation is strongly dependent on the micromagnetic configurations.
TURBULENT REACTING MIXING OF LIQUIDS IN A COAXIAL JET MIXER (2011)

Large eddy simulation is used to investigate passive and reactive scalar mixing at high Reynolds Re and Schmidt Sc numbers in order to prove capability of the LES-SGS micromixing approaches based on the eddy dissipation and DQMOM-IEM models properly simulating liquid reacting flows. Simulations were performed for a fast neutralisation reaction in a confined jet reactor. The mean profiles for passive scalar agree well with measurements. It was shown that the most contribution to the scalar variance is made by large scale motions whereas the contribution of fine scales smaller than typical inertial range scales is negligible. Thus, the existing LES models are capable of predicting the scalar variance at large Sc numbers. The results obtained for reactive transport revealed discrepancies in the determination of micromixing rate and product concentration. A special study was performed to investigate the dynamics of fine structures using locally refined box embedded into global grid. Typical statistical properties of fine structures were reproduced numerically.
Enhancing the enantioselective recognition and sensing of chiral anions by halogen bonding (2016)

Chiral halogen bonding (S)-BINOL-based receptors are demonstrated to enhance the enantioselective recognition and sensing of chiral anions compared to their hydrogen bonding analogues. Computational studies attribute this behaviour to the strict linearity of halogen bonding (XB) and steric environment conferred by the XB donor groups bridged by the (S)-BINOL motif.
Methylmethacrylate reconstruction of large iliac crest bone graft donor sites. (1983)

INTERNATIONAL ABSTRACTS OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY: SURGICAL MANAGEMENT: Techniques and Instruments: PDF Only
Applications of Least-Square Lattice Filters in Adaptive Data Communication (1986)

The properties of least-square lattice filters make them suitable for adaptive filtering in data communication systems. A Viterbi algorithm type of adaptive receiver is derived directly from the optimal receiver for an additive Gaussian noise channel. It makes use of least-square lattice filters to perform equalization and noise cancellation and converges very quickly to the optimal receiver. The receiver also adapts rapidly to changes in the impulse response of the channel or in the statistics of the noise.
Structural Variation in the γ/β-MnO<sub>2</sub> Series and Its Influence on Cathodic Cyclability (2014)

In this work the electrochemical behavior of a series of heat treated γ-MnO 2 materials was investigated and related to the chemical and structural changes brought about by this process. Controlled current cycling revealed a progressive decrease in electrode cyclability with heat treatment and this was assigned to irreversible changes which occur within pyrolusite domains upon reduction. It was further shown that for materials with a pyrolusite content > 0.5 the host structure is no longer suitable for reversible electron-proton insertion, with electrodes prepared from these materials failing beyond the first cycle. By modelling the electrode response during step potential electrochemical spectroscopy studies the changes in proton diffusivity which result from heat treatment were also characterized. These studies were able to experimentally demonstrate that proton diffusion is progressively slower in materials with higher pyrolusite content, while being significantly enhanced by the presence of cation vacancies.