gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Baculovirus-Expressed S Glycoprotein of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) as Antigen in a Competition ELISA to Differentiate Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus from TGEV Antibodies in Pigs (1999)

The spike (S) glycoprotein of the Miller strain of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) was recently cloned and expressed in baculovirus. The recombinant S protein was used as the coating antigen in a competition (blocking) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in combination with monoclonal antibodies to the S protein epitope A (conserved on TGEV and porcine respiratory coronavirus [PRCV]) or epitope D (present on TGEV only) to differentiate PRCV- from TGEV-induced antibodies. One set (set A) of 125 serum samples were collected at different times after inoculation of caesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived (n = 52) and conventional young pigs (n = 73) with 1 of the 2 porcine coronaviruses or uninoculated negative controls (TGEV/PRCV/negative = 75/30/20). A second set (set B) of 63 serum samples originated from adult sows inoculated with PRCV and the recombinant TGEV S protein or with mock-protein control and then exposed to virulent TGEV after challenge of their litters. Sera from set A were used to assess the accuracy indicators (sensitivity, specificity, accuracy) of the fixed-cell blocking ELISA, which uses swine testicular cells infected with the M6 strain of TGEV as the antigen source (ELISA 1) and the newly developed ELISA based on the recombinant S protein as antigen (ELISA 2). The sera from set B (adults) were tested for comparison. The plaque reduction virus neutralization test was used as a confirmatory test for the presence of antibodies to TGEV/PRCV in the test sera. The accuracy indicators for both ELISAs suggest that differential diagnosis can be of practical use at least 3 weeks after inoculation by testing the dual (acute/convalescent) samples from each individual in conjunction with another confirmatory (virus neutralization) antibody assay to provide valid and complete differentiation information. Moreover, whereas ELISA 1 had 10-20% false positive results to epitope D for PRCV-infected pigs (set A samples), no false-positive results to epitope D occurred using ELISA 2, indicating its greater specificity. The progression of seroresponses to the TGEV S protein epitopes A or D, as measured by the 2 ELISAs, was similar for both sets (A and B) of samples. Differentiation between TGEV and PRCV antibodies (based on seroresponses to epitope D) was consistently measured after the third week of inoculation.
Tackling T-cell tumors (2003)

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas represent a tumor with a defined target, the somatically rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR), that should represent a tumor-specific immunologic target analogous to the idiotype (Id)-specific target of B-cell lymphomas. The Id antigen on B-cell lymphomas has been targeted by
Fabrication of carbon nanotube‐based field‐effect transistors for studies of their memory effects (2007)

Abstract Carbon nanotube‐based field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs) have been fabricated using nanometer thin dielectric material as the gate insulator film. The demonstrated fabrication technique is highly suitable for preparing devices with low contact resistances between the electrodes and the carbon nanotube, down to 14 kΩ. Electronic transport measurements of the fabricated devices have been conducted on more than 70 FETs. Hysteretic behavior in the transfer characteristics of some CNTFETs was observed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Small, Potent, and Selective Diaryl Phosphonate Inhibitors for Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator with In Vivo Antimetastatic Properties (2007)

A set of small nonpeptidic diaryl phosphonate inhibitors was prepared. Some of these inhibitors show potent and highly selective irreversible uPA inhibition. The biochemical and modeling data prove that the combination of a benzylguanidine moiety with a diaryl phosphonate ester results in optimized molecules for derivatizing the serine alcohol in the uPA active site. Selected compounds show significant antimetastatic effects in the BN-472 rat mammary carcinoma model. We report in this paper a preclinical proof of concept that selective, irreversible uPA inhibitors could be valuable in antimetastatic therapy.
Sugarcane Genotype Repeatability in Replicated Selection Stages and Commercial Adoption (2002)

The sugarcane (interspecific hybrids of Saccharum spp.) breeding and selection program in Canal Point (CP) Florida increased the number of genotypes advanced to its final selection stage, Stage IV, from 11 to 14. This change resulted from recently reported evidence that replications could be decreased without reducing experimental precision in Stage IV. The major purpose of this study was to determine if advancing an additional three new genotypes to Stage IV would improve the likelihood of identifying successful cultivars. A secondary objective was to determine if genotypes with high or mediocre yields in the penultimate stage, Stage III, could be expected to have similar yields in Stage IV. Data were reviewed from 24 cycles of Stage III, and 16 cycles of Stage IV. Genotype correlations between Stage III and Stage IV were significant but low for sugar yield (Mg sugar ha -1 ) (r = 0.27) and economic index ($ ha -1 ) (r = 0.28). No genotype that ranked worse than 15th in both sugar yield and economic index in Stage III was later used on more than 1% of Florida’s annual sugarcane hectarage. It is usually necessary to select
Discontinued biological drugs in 2008 (2009)

This perspective is part of an ongoing series of articles that describe the drugs that were dropped from clinical development during the previous year. This paper focuses on those drugs that were discontinued in 2008. The drugs represent a diverse collection of compounds targeted at diseases including cancer, diabetes, infections, arthritis, HIV, restenosis, allergies, anaemia, osteoporosis, wound healing, and growth deficiency. No consistent theme is apparent that accounts for the diversity of discontinued drugs. Still, this diversity, coupled with the numbers of novel drugs that were approved in 2008 suggests a healthy ongoing drug development process.
Magnetic viscosity in different Nd-Fe-B magnets (1987)

Measurements of magnetic viscosity in Nd-Fe-B magnets of different kinds (sintered magnets, MQII magnets prepared from ribbons, and LDC magnets prepared by liquid dynamic compaction) are reported. In all magnets, the viscosity S and the irreversible susceptibility χirr are found to be proportional. The temperature dependence of the coefficient Sv =S/χirr exhibits a sharp maximum at about 100 K. The temperature dependence of the activation energy E0 which governs magnetic aftereffects is deduced from these data. In sintered and LDC magnets, but not in MQII ones, E0 is found to be approximately proportional to the domain wall energy. It is concluded that the mechanism of coercivity is different in sintered and LDC magnets than in the MQII ones.
5-Di-(2'-tetrahydropyranyl)secalonic acid D as a new antibiotic derivative with anticancer activity. (1980)

A pyranyl derivative was chemically synthesized from secalonic acid D, an antibiotic obtained from culture filtrates of Penicillium oxalium, and its anticancer activity towards a highly antigenic rat bladder cancer, BC-47, implanted into inbred ACI/N rat was studied. The anticancer effect of the drug was similar to that of adriamycin. Delayed initiation of treatment, starting 5 days after the cancer implantation, was more effective than treatment starting from day 1. In addition, it was less effective in an immunodeficient host subsequently implanted with BC-47. This compound is thought to retard the cancer cell growth until the appearance of tumor immunity in the host.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and Characterization of Novel 2‐(2,4‐Disubstituted‐thiazole‐5‐yl)‐3‐aryl‐3H‐quinazoline‐4‐one Derivatives as Inhibitors of NF‐ϰB and AP‐1 Mediated Transcription Activation and as Potential Antiinflammatory Agents. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure-Properties of a High-Flow and Super-Ductile Polypropylene (2012)

ポリプロピレン(PP)に微量(1 wt%以下)のフェノール樹脂と有機過酸化物を添加して溶融混練すると，高流動性と高延性を兼ね備えたフェノール修飾 PP を作製できることを見いだした．高流動化(低分子量化)すれば延性が低下するという二律背反の関係から逸脱できたわけである．延性が向上した理由を明らかにすべく，DSC 曲線・広角 X 線回折パターン・小角 X 線プロフィールなどを観察したが，修飾の前後でまったく差が認められなかった．Hv 光散乱プロフィールの解析により，修飾 PP は著しく秩序性の低い球晶組織であることがわかった．低秩序の球晶組織が形成されることにより変形時に構造欠陥が発生しにくくなり，それが高延性の発現につながっていると考えられる．
Dichroic Optical Structures: Selective Dichroic Patterning by Nanosecond Laser Treatment of Ag Nanostripes (Adv. Mater. 7/2011) (2011)

The inside cover illustrates the fabrication process of dichroic optical patterns by nanosecond laser processing of silver-decorated, oriented SiO2 nanocolumns. Using this straightforward methodology, reported by Johann Toudert, Ana Borras, and co-workers on p. 848, it is possible to selectively tune the surface plasmon of the silver nanostripes along the visible range as a function of the laser power during the irradiation. These optical structures are of application for optical encryption and related applications.
Accumulation of p53 protein is frequent in ovarian cancers associated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutations. (1999)

In addition to germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, somatic p53 alterations leading to p53 accumulation are an important event in hereditary ovarian cancer and are as frequent as in non-BRCA-related ovarian cancer.
Determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in coal tar pitch (2009)

Different techniques for extracting polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from coal tar pitch for their quantitative determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry are compared. It has been found that the ultrasonic treatment of a sample allowed the quantitative extraction of PAHs from coal tar pitch. The results of the quantitative determination of PAHs in samples of coal tar pitch obtained by Soxhlet extraction and liquid-liquid extraction with ultrasonic treatment agree within the experimental error range.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Chemistry of Hypervalent Iodine Heterocycles: Acid‐Catalyzed Rearrangement of Benziodazol‐3‐ones to 3‐Iminiumbenziodoxoles. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Linear Precoding with Low-Resolution DACs for Massive MU-MIMO-OFDM\n Downlink (2017)

We consider the downlink of a massive multiuser (MU) multiple-input\nmultiple-output (MIMO) system in which the base station (BS) is equipped with\nlow-resolution digital-to-analog converters (DACs). In contrast to most\nexisting results, we assume that the system operates over a frequency-selective\nwideband channel and uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to\nsimplify equalization at the user equipments (UEs). Furthermore, we consider\nthe practically relevant case of oversampling DACs. We theoretically analyze\nthe uncoded bit error rate (BER) performance with linear precoders (e.g., zero\nforcing) and quadrature phase-shift keying using Bussgang's theorem. We also\ndevelop a lower bound on the information-theoretic sum-rate throughput\nachievable with Gaussian inputs, which can be evaluated in closed form for the\ncase of 1-bit DACs. For the case of multi-bit DACs, we derive approximate, yet\naccurate, expressions for the distortion caused by low-precision DACs, which\ncan be used to establish lower bounds on the corresponding sum-rate throughput.\nOur results demonstrate that, for a massive MU-MIMO-OFDM system with a\n128-antenna BS serving 16 UEs, only 3--4 DAC bits are required to achieve an\nuncoded BER of 10^-4 with a negligible performance loss compared to the\ninfinite-resolution case at the cost of additional out-of-band emissions.\nFurthermore, our results highlight the importance of taking into account the\ninherent spatial and temporal correlations caused by low-precision DACs.\n
Behavior Characteristics of Shear Connector for Composite Behavior of Steel Composite Columns (2013)

강합성 구조는 교량의 상하부 구조, 풍력 타워, 건축물의 기둥 등의 많은 분야에서 연구되어지고 있다. 강합성 구조의 가장 큰 특징은 강재와 콘크리트를 합성시킴으로서 두 요소의 단점을 극복하여 더욱 우수한 성능을 발휘하게 한다. 강합성 구조에서 강재와 콘크리트가 합성거동을 하지 않을 경우에 성능의 향상을 기대하기 어렵기 때문에 반드시 합성구조화 시켜야 한다. 교량의 상부구조에서는 강합성 보를 합성 거동시키기 위하여 다양한 방법의 합성방법을 제시하였으나 내부 구속 중공 RC 기둥이나 내부 구속 중공 CFT 기둥과 같은 새롭게 제안된 강합성 부재의 경우에는 거의 연구가 되지 않은 실정이다. 이러한 강합성 부재는 내 외부와 콘크리트가 합성되지 않을 경우, 두 재료간 슬립이 발생하여 설계 성능보다 성능이 감소할 가능성이 매우 크기 때문에 반드시 콘크리트와 강재가 일체 거동을 할 수 있도록 합성 방법을 제시하여 주어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 전단 연결재를 위의 기둥들에 적용하는 방안을 마련하기 위하여 전단 연결재의 실험적 거동 특성을 분석을 통해 추후에 전단 연결재 설계법 제시를 위한 기초 자료를 구축하였다. Steel composite structures have been studied in various areas such as bridges, high rise buildings, and wind towers. They show excellent structural performance through overcoming of the weaknesses of steel and concrete. Although various methods were already developed to achieve full composite behavior between steel and concrete in flexural members, the number of studies regarding composite columns is quite limited. If slip occurs between concrete and steel under external loads, the performance of the composite column would be reduced significantly. Connection methods ensuring full composite action between steel and concrete must be suggested. This paper investigated about structural behavior of shear studs through a series of experimental tests. Extensive parameters were also performed to understand the effects of the diameter of stud, space of stud and height of concrete. The present study provides fundamental bases for further development of design method of shear studs in composite columns.
Identifying novice difficulties in object oriented design (2006)

We report on a study of novice programmers' object oriented class designs. These designs were analysed to discover what faults they displayed. The two most common faults related to non-referenced classes (inability to integrate them into the solution), and problems with attributes and class cohesion. The paper ends with some implication for teaching that may be indicated by the empirical results.
Design, Fabrication and Measurement of a Novel Compact Triband CPW-Fed Planar Monopole Antenna Using Multi-type Slots for Wireless Communication Applications (2019)

A novel compact coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed planar monopole antenna with triple-band operation is presented for simultaneously satisfying the LTE 2600, WiMAX, WLAN and X-band applications. It is printed on a single-layered FR4 substrate. In this paper, the proposed antenna, which occupies a small volume of [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm 3 including the ground plane, is simply composed of a CPW-fed monopole with U-, L- and T-shaped slots. By carefully selecting the lengths and positions of both L-shaped and U-shaped slots, a good dual notched band characteristic at center-rejected frequencies of 3.10[Formula: see text]GHz and 4.50[Formula: see text]GHz can be achieved, respectively. The T-shaped slot is etched on the radiating element to excite a resonant frequency in the 7[Formula: see text]GHz band. Then, to prove the validation of the typical design, a prototype model is fabricated and measured. The experimental result shows that the three frequency bands of 2.31–2.80[Formula: see text]GHz (490[Formula: see text]MHz), 3.37–3.84[Formula: see text]GHz (470[Formula: see text]MHz) and 5.04–7.94[Formula: see text]GHz (2900[Formula: see text]MHz) can successfully cover the desired bandwidths of LTE2600/WiMAX (3.50/5.50[Formula: see text]GHz)/WLAN (5.20/5.80[Formula: see text]GHz) and the X-band communication systems (7.1-GHz operation). The principal applications of the X-band are radar, aircraft, spacecraft and mobile or satellite communication system. Nearly omnidirectional and bidirectional radiation patterns of the triband antenna are observed in both H- and E-planes, respectively. In addition, a reasonable gain over the operating bands has been obtained. Indeed, the good agreements between simulation and measurement results have validated the proposed structure, confirming its potential for multiband wireless communication services.
Optical design of dual-combiner head-up displays (1991)

Optics for head-up displays (HUDs) with two combiners are reviewed with respect to aberration correction and the optimization of the azimuth field. The impetus for utilizing two combiners is discussed by comparison with conventional HUD designs, and the requirements for aberration correction are listed. The use of a CRT that incorporates the P-53 phosphor is shown to increase the azimuth instantaneous FOV (IFOV), and HUDs with dual combiners enhance the elevation IFOV. A dual-combiner HUD is shown to require a P-1 phosphor CRT, improved color correction, a reduced Petzval sum, and aberration control that is extended over more of the pupil as compared to single-combiner HUDs. The P-53 phosphor can be used to filter spectral sidebands and thereby permit the use of a lens that is not capable of good chromatic correction as well as enhance the azimuth IFOV without changing the module depth.
Dynamics of Granular Materials and Particle-Laden Flows (2007)

Rapid granular flows and particle-laden flows were studied in laboratory experiments, molecular dynamics simulations, and simulations of continuum equations. The research demonstrated that the inclusion of friction is crucial in realistic modeling of granular flows; hence extensive previous analyses and simulations by many researchers for frictionless particles must be reconsidered in the light of our work.
Angular dependence of filament-induced plasma emission from a GaAs surface (2015)

Quantitative measurements of the angular distribution of the plasma line emission from a gallium arsenide (GaAs) target irradiated by a single laser–air filament are reported. These enable reliable estimates of the stand-off ranges possible with single-filament-induced laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy materials detection.
Different Mechanisms of Resistance to <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Toxins in the Indianmeal Moth (2001)

Susceptibility to protoxin and toxin forms of Cry1Ab and the binding of (125)I-labeled Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac has been examined in three Plodia interpunctella colonies, one susceptible (688(s)) and two resistant (198(r) and Dpl(r)) to Bacillus thuringiensis. Toxicological studies showed that the 198(r) colony was 11-fold more resistant to Cry1Ab protoxin than to Cry1Ab activated toxin, whereas the Dpl(r) colony was 4-fold more resistant to protoxin versus toxin. Binding results with (125)I-labeled toxins indicated the occurrence of two different binding sites for Cry1Ab in the susceptible insects, one of them shared with Cry1Ac. Cry1Ab binding was found to be altered in insects from both resistant colonies, though in different ways. Compared with the susceptible colony, insects from the Dpl(r) colony showed a drastic reduction in binding affinity (60-fold higher K(d)), although they had similar concentrations of binding sites. Insects from the 198(r) colony showed a slight reduction in both binding affinity and binding site concentration (five-fold-higher K(d) and ca. three-fold-lower R(t) compared with the 688(s) colony). No major difference in Cry1Ac binding was found among the three colonies. The fact that the 198(r) colony also has a protease-mediated mechanism of resistance (B. Oppert, R. Hammel, J. E. Throne, and K. J. Kramer, J. Biol. Chem. 272:23473-23476, 1997) is in agreement with our toxicological data in which this colony has a different susceptibility to the protoxin and toxin forms of Cry1Ab. It is noteworthy that the three colonies used in this work derived originally from ca. 100 insects, which reflects the high variability and high frequency of B. thuringiensis resistance genes occurring in natural populations.
Instability of an ablatively-accelerated slab in the case of non-normal irradiation (2003)

When a surface of a radiation-absorbing material is illuminated by a sufficiently intense radiation, the gas ablated from the surface produces reactive a force causing an acceleration of the initial matter and setting a stage for instabilities of the Rayleigh–Taylor type. New effects associated with the non-normal incidence of the radiation are analysed. It has been shown that, at large enough tilt, the instability becomes significantly faster than in the `normal' case and unstable modes acquire finite phase velocity along the surface. The most unstable perturbations are rolls whose orientation depends on the angular distribution of radiation. These results are of interest for laboratory studies of ablation fronts and for the theory of photoevaporation fronts in astrophysics.
Cloning and molecular analysis of the poly(3‐hydroxyalkanoic acid) gene locus of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1 (1992)

From genomic libraries, the polyhydroxyalkanoate gene locus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was cloned and characterised at the molecular level. Two genes coding for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases, phaC1Pa and phaC2Pa, a polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase gene, phaDPa, and four adjacent open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4) were identified from the nucleotide sequence. Two transcriptional start sites, which were preceded by sequences resembling the Escherichia coli consensus sequences for sigma 54 and sigma 70 promoters, were identified experimentally upstream of phaC1Pa, which was shown by Northern blot analysis to constitute an operon together with phaDPa. A third putative promoter resembling the E. coli consensus sequence for sigma 70-dependent promoters was proposed upstream of phaC2Pa, which is in a bicistronic operon with ORF3. Investigations of rpoN-negative mutants of related strains revealed that polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation from gluconate required an intact rpoN locus in P. aeruginosa. Complementation experiments revealed multiple evidence that either polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase is involved in polyhydroylkanoate accumulation from gluconate as well as from octanoate. The P. aeruginosa PAO1 polyhydroxyalkanoate gene locus was expressed in the polyhydroxyalkanoate-negative mutant Alcaligenes eutrophus PHB-4 and in the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-accumulating strain P. oleovorans DSM1045. It conferred on the latter the ability to synthesize and accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates consisting of medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids from unrelated substrates in addition to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The sequence of the putative translational product of ORF1 was similar to those of the leukotoxin repressor of Pasteurella haemolytica and to the ORF9 product of Azotobacter vinelandii, and that of ORF4 was similar to the algP product of P. aeruginosa and to eukaryotic histone H1 proteins. The proteins of ORF2 and ORF3 appear to be previously unidentified.
Quick conservative causality analysis (1997)

The causality problem is that of determining if a combinational circuit with cycles has acceptable behavior: that for all inputs the outputs are well defined and stable. While the problem manifests itself at the circuit level, it usually originates at the system level. It may arise when a system is designed as a collection of modules: when composed, cycles are discovered in the ensemble. One must analyze these cycles to correct possible errors or to capture the correct behavior appropriately for further synthesis. Previously published algorithms use iterated ternary logic simulation. This is correct and robust, but expensive and in many cases overkill. We propose a more efficient but conservative algorithm based on applying standard logic synthesis techniques of increasing power. We present initial results to demonstrate the practicality of this approach.