gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Threshold current density of InGaAsP/InP surface-emitting laser diodes with hemispherical resonator</title> (1991)

Surface emitting laser diodes (SELD) are characterized by the fact that light is emitted vertically from the surface of the chip. The hemispherical resonator consists of one spherical mirror and one flat mirror placed approximately at the center of curvature of the sphere. In the past, the InGaAsP/InP SELD with hemispherical etched mirror was demonstrated at 77K. The authors have made theoretical calculations, considering material losses, resonator losses and angle deviation from the axis of cavity. The theoretical calculations indicate that in the case of the cavity length L more than 10 micrometers , the InGaAsP/InP SELD with hemispherical resonator is featured by having lower threshold current density Jth than with plane parallel resonator and will be possible in room temperature cw operation by using R equals (root)R1 (DOT) R2 equals 0.75 (Jth is congruent to 80 KA/cm2) or R equals 0.9(Jth is congruent to 25 KA/cm2), L equals 50 micrometers , d equals 1 micrometers and B 1, R2 are reflectivities of planar and hemispherical mirrors separately, d is the active layer thickness and B is the angle deviation from axis of cavity.
Adipose stem cell developments overseas open new doors for cosmetic surgery (2010)

Autologous fat transplantation is an exciting treatment for facial rejuvenation, breast enhancement/reconstruction and general soft tissue augmentation, according to cosmetic surgeons who perform this treatment, because it accomplishes these deeds without incisional scars or the complications that are associated with injection of foreign materials.
Bridging the Semantic Gap to Mitigate Kernel-Level Keyloggers (2012)

Kernel-level key loggers, which are installed as part of the operating system (OS) with complete control of kernel code, data and resources, are a growing and very serious threat to the security of current systems. Defending against this type of malware means defending the kernel itself against compromise and it is still an open and difficult problem. This paper details the implementation of two classical kernel-level key loggers for Linux 2.6.38 and how current defense approaches still fail to protect OSes against this type of malware. We further present our current research directions to mitigate this threat by employing an architecture where a guest OS and a virtual machine layer actively collaborate to guarantee kernel integrity. This collaborative approach allows us to better bridge the semantic gap between the OS and architecture layers and devise stronger and more flexible defense solutions to protect the integrity of OS kernels.
PP.07.03 (2015)

Objective: It has been suggested that nighttime administration of anti-hypertensive drugs may produce globally a much belter 24 h blood pressure (ABP) control as compared with the morning administration of these drugs. We evaluate with ABP the efficacy of two regimens of administration (in the morning and at night) of the same long-acting antihypertensive drugs in hypertensive patients Design and method: Randomized cross-over study in 30 adult hypertensive patients ageing 18–75 years,under antihypertensive therapy with 2 or more antihypertensive drugs. Patients were aleatorized to start at night or in the morning a first period of 6 weeks of intake of all drugs previously prescribed. At the end of this period patients crossed over to the other regimen for another 6 weeks period. At the end of each 6 weeks period ABP was performed at similar conditions. Results: Data from all patients will be presented. At the moment 21 patients completed the study. Globally after 6 weeks of morning drug administration the mean values of ABP of 24 h, daytime, nighttime, morning surge of systolic BP, percentual fall of nocturnal systolic BP were respectively 128/77 + 13/9; 131/80 + 13/11; 119/71 + 14/9; 16 + 19 mm Hg; 9 + 7% whereas the ABP values after 6 weeks of drug administration at night were 125/76 + 10/8; 129/79 + 11/9; 118/69 + 14/9; 23 + 10 mm Hg; 8 + 5%. All differences between these data from both regimens were p > 0,12. No differences were found between both sequences of drugs administration. Conclusions: We did not find any significant difference of ABP control between both regimens using long acting drugs despite a small tendency for lower daytime BP values and higher morning BP surge during nighttime administration was present.
Untersuchungen zum bakteriellen Purinabbau. I. Über den Harnsäureabbau durch<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1955)

Article Untersuchungen zum bakteriellen Purinabbau. I. Über den Harnsäureabbau durch Pseudomonas aeruginosa was published on January 1, 1955 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 299, issue Jahresband).
Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-Allyloxiranes via Enantioselective Allylboration of Bromoacetaldehyde. Transformation of (R)-Allyloxirane into (–)-(R)-GABOB (GABOB = γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid) (1992)

Enantioselective allylboration of bromoacetaldehyde with allyl(diisopinocampheyl)borane 2 or allyl(diisocaranyl)borane 3 has been used as a key step in the first synthesis of (+)-(R)-6 [89% enantiomeric excess (e.e.)] and (–)-(S)-allyloxirane 7 (92% e.e.), respectively; in two steps, oxirane 6 was converted into (–)-GABOB [(R)-4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid] 9 (89% e.e.), which is both a neuromodulator of the mammalian central nervous system and a drug.
Recovery of Electrical Energy in Microbial Fuel Cells (2013)

Recovery of electrical energy is a key parameter for evaluating the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this brief review, we analyze energy data in the sampled publications on continuously operated MFCs from the past 12 years and present a rough picture of energy recovery in MFCs. We observe that most MFCs produce a normalized energy recovery (NER) lower than 1.5 kWh/m3 or 1.0 kWh/kg of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The small MFCs (<100 mL) that produce high power densities do not exhibit any obvious advantage in NER compared with the larger MFCs. Pure substrates lead to better performance in both power and energy recovery. MFCs seem to be able to extract more energy (kilowatt hour per kilogram of COD) from low-strength substrates. The separator/membrane does not significantly affect NER. To establish an energy balance in MFCs and gain a better understanding of the MFC application niche, NER should be properly presented in future studies.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>DFT</mml:mtext><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mtext>U</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:math>calculations of the ground state and metastable states of uranium dioxide (2009)

We report a study of the ground state and metastable states of uranium dioxide using ab initio $\text{DFT}+\text{U}$ calculations. We highlight that in order to avoid metastable states and systematically reach the ground state of uranium dioxide with $\text{DFT}+\text{U}$, the monitoring of occupation matrices is crucial, as well as allowing the $5f$ electrons to break the cubic symmetry. For this purpose, we use a method based on the monitoring of the occupation matrix of the correlated orbitals on which the Hubbard term is applied. We observe the presence of numerous metastable states in calculations both with and without taking into account the symmetries of the wave functions. We investigate the influence of metastable states on the total energy, as well as on the electronic and structural properties of uranium dioxide. We show that the presence of metastable states induces large differences in the total energy and explain the origin of the discrepancies observed in the results obtained by various authors on crystalline and defect-containing ${\text{UO}}_{2}$. Finally, in order to check the consistency of the procedure, we determine the structural and electronic properties of the ground state of uranium dioxide and compare them with results obtained in previous studies using the $\text{DFT}+\text{U}$ approximation and hybrid functionals, as well as experimental data.
Prebiotics: the concept revisited. (2007)

A prebiotic is "a selectively fermented ingredient that allows specific changes, both in the composition and/or activity in the gastrointestinal microflora that confers benefits upon host well-being and health." Today, only 2 dietary nondigestible oligosaccharides fulfill all the criteria for prebiotic classification. The daily dose of the prebiotic is not a determinant of the prebiotic effect, which is mainly influenced by the number of bifidobacteria/g in feces before supplementation of the diet with the prebiotic begins. The ingested prebiotic stimulates the whole indigenous population of bifidobacteria to growth, and the larger that population, the larger is the number of new bacterial cells appearing in feces. The "dose argument" is thus not supported by the scientific data: it is misleading for consumers and should not be allowed. A prebiotic index is proposed, defined as "the increase in the absolute number of bifidobacteria expressed divided by the daily dose of prebiotic ingested."
An energy feedback control of series resonant converter (1991)

An energy feedback control utilizing the resonant tank circuit energy as an inner feedback loop is proposed to improve the stability and dynamic characteristics of the series resonant converter (SRC). The energy-feedback-controlled SRC is modeled and analyzed in discrete time domain. In this analysis, the eigenvalues of the controlled system are dependent on the energy feedback gain ratio, and the design guidelines which can be used to select this ratio are derived. Experimental results show a good agreement with theoretical analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new mother wavelet for fetal ECG to achieve optimal denoising and compressing results (2006)

A de-noise and compress algorithm based on wavelet transformation (WT) for abdominal electrocardiograms (AECG) signals is designed. This is done at the first stage before extracting the fetal electrocardiogram (FECG) from the AECG. Since the FECG is mixed with the MECG into the AECG and has much lower amplitude than the maternal electrocardiogram (MECG), it is impossible to have a non-invasive method which measures FECG alone. The goal at this stage is to design an algorithm which achieves an AECG with minimal noise and high compression rate while keeping the AECG quality at a visually and clinically acceptable level. \nThe algorithm uses a new mother wavelet that is especially designed in this study for AECG analysis. The first part of the algorithm is based on the design of a mother wavelet. Higher compression in WT is achieved when greater correlation exists between the mother wavelet and the signal which is transformed into wavelet coefficients. Hence, the shape of the mother wavelet should resemble the shape of a normal AECG. The algorithm can also be used to design mother wavelets for other purposes. \nAfter deriving the WT using the new mother wavelet, the second part of the algorithm consist in calculating the wavelet coefficients. The algorithm used ensures real time monitoring of an AECG signal, since the wavelet coefficients are calculated with a fixed delay of N (number of scales used to represent the wavelet coefficients) multiplied by the AECG sample frequency and by a variable delay (linear to the length of the AECG signal) which depends on the time needed to produce a reduced row echelon form of an N*N matrix. Hence, the algorithm can be implemented by a chip which has the ability to produce accurate and fast reduced row echelon forms of matrices. No complex low and high pass reconstruction and decomposition filters, with orthogonal or bi-orthogonal properties, are needed as is traditionally the case. \nThe algorithm is evaluated by real AECG data from the Database for the Identification of Systems (DaISy) showing a low MSE (0.118 %), RMS (6.570 microvolt) and excellent visual similarity between the original and the reconstructed AECG. Better results can be achieved by using greater accuracy in calculating the necessary parameters and improving the correlation between the mother wavelet and the AECG signal.
Extending MT evaluation tools with translation complexity metrics (2004)

In this paper we report on the results of an experiment in designing resource-light metrics that predict the potential translation complexity of a text or a corpus of homogenous texts for state-of-the-art MT systems. We show that the best prediction of translation complexity is given by the average number of syllables per word (ASW). The translation complexity metrics based on this parameter are used to normalise automated MT evaluation scores such as BLEU, which otherwise are variable across texts of different types. The suggested approach makes a fairer comparison between the MT systems evaluated on different corpora. The translation complexity metric was integrated into two automated MT evaluation packages - BLEU and the Weighted N-gram model. The extended MT evaluation tools are available from the first author's web site: http://www.comp.leeds.ac.uk/bogdan/evalMT.html
Laetatus sum (2000)

Most people would agree that it is important that people with learning disabilities are supported to meet their spiritual needs. However, as Mike Foster explains, when it comes to putting this into practice there are attitudinal as well as physical barriers that must be overcome
2-Methoxy-5-methylphenyl thiosemicarbazide: A versatile molecule for the synthesis of thiadiazoles and imidazolinones possessing multiple biological activities (2003)

Thiosemicarbazide 1 has been prepared by the reaction of 2-methoxy-5-methyl aniline, ammonia and carbon disulphide with ethanol (95%) and sodium chloroacetate, followed by addition of hydrazine hydrate, which on cyclisation with different aromatic carboxylic acids and substituted azlactones in pyridine furnish the corresponding 2-aryl-5-(2'-methoxy-5'-methylphenyl amino)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles 2a-o and 2-phenyl- 4-arylidene-1-(2'-methoxy-5'-methylphenyl thiourido)-5-oxo-imidazolines 3a-o. All the compounds have been characterised by elemental analyses, IR, 'H NMR and Mass spectral data. All the compounds have been evaluated in vitro for their antimicrobial activity against several microbes and antitubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H 3 7 Rv and anticancer activity. Two compounds are found to be active in anticancer assay.
BAROQUE: a browser for relational databases (1986)

The standard, most efficient method to retrieve information from databases can be described as systematic retrieval: The needs of the user are described in a formal query, and the database management system retrieves the data promptly. There are several situations, however, in which systematic retrieval is difficult or even impossible. In such situations exploratory search (browsing) is a helpful alternative. This paper describes a new user interface, called BAROQUE, that implements exploratory searches in relational databases. BAROQUE requires few formal skills from its users. It does not assume knowledge of the principles of the relational data model or familiarity with the organization of the particular database being accessed. It is especially helpful when retrieval targets are vague or cannot be specified satisfactorily. BAROQUE establishes a view of the relational database that resembles a semantic network, and provides several intuitive functions for scanning it. The network integrates both schema and data, and supports access by value. BAROQUE can be implemented on top of any basic relational database management system but can be modified to take advantage of additional capabilities and enhancements often present in relational systems.
136-foot main parachute for recovery of Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (1984)

A 136-ft-D(0) main parachute system has been developed to replace the present 115-ft-D(0) main parachutes currently flown on the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters (SRB's) for the purpose of reducing the velocity at water impact. This cluster of three larger main parachutes will decelerate the 170,000-pound SRB to a terminal nominal impact velocity of 75 feet per second (ft/s) as compared to the present velocity of 88 ft/s. The paper discusses the design, development, and manufacturing of this 136-ft parachute.
Rho GTPases and the control of cell behaviour (2005)

Rho, Rac and Cdc42, three members of the Rho family of small GTPases, each control a signal transduction pathway linking membrane receptors to the assembly and disassembly of the actin cytoskeleton and of associated integrin adhesion complexes. Rho regulates stress fibre and focal adhesion assembly, Rac regulates the formation of lamellipodia protrusions and membrane ruffles, and Cdc42 triggers filopodial extensions at the cell periphery. These observations have led to the suggestion that wherever filamentous actin is used to drive a cellular process, Rho GTPases are likely to play an important regulatory role. Rho GTPases have also been reported to control other cellular activities, such as the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascades, an NADPH oxidase enzyme complex, the transcription factors NF-kappaB (nuclear factor kappaB) and SRF (serum-response factor), and progression through G1 of the cell cycle. Thus Rho, Rac and Cdc42 can regulate the actin cytoskeleton and gene transcription to promote co-ordinated changes in cell behaviour. We have been analysing the biochemical contributions of Rho GTPases in cell movement and have found that Rac controls cell protrusion, while Cdc42 controls cell polarity.
The Meaning of the Quantitative Imperative (2005)

In situating the quantitative imperative opposite the ‘imperative of presuppositions’ in a number of cases taken from the history of science, Niaz (2005) has moved from my understanding of the quantitative imperative (Michell, 2003) to one of his own construction. This might cause confusion if the different understandings of this term are not clearly distinguished. Given that imperatives are always only a mask for undisclosed interests and that, as a consequence, it can be misleading to treat any historical instance of an imperative in abstraction from the interests driving it, two senses of the quantitative imperative can always be distinguished: a narrow sense, which is the imperative in abstraction; and a broad sense, which is the imperative masking a specific set of interests in a particular historical episode. In this latter sense, in the historical episode that I have investigated, the quantitative imperative is a political campaign protecting a scientistic image of psychology and packaging psychological tests as methods of scientific measurement.
[The history of the population census in Russia]. (1989)

A brief history of census-taking in Russia is presented, beginning in the time of Peter I in 1719-1722. This original census was revised 10 times up to 1857-1860. Following that, a series of local censuses was taken (about 200 between 1862 and 1917). The first modern national census was taken in 1897.
The photostability of dye-sensitized solid state photovoltaic cells: factors determining the stability of the pigment in a nanoporous n-/cyanidin/p-CuI cell (1997)

The factors determining the stability of the pigment in a dye-sensitized solid state photovoltaic nanoporous n-/cyanidin/p-CuI cell was investigated by varying the gaseous environment around the cell and the sources of light used. It is found that photodegradation of the pigment cyanidin is almost completely suppressed provided oxygen, moisture and UV-light are excluded.
RNAa-mediated overexpression of WT1 induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells (2012)

These data show that RNAa-mediated overexpression of WT1 may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Research Results Digest 79 (2006)

This digest reviews and analyzes various track transition designs among ballasted and nonballasted track forms and structures and offers guidance to improve track and operating performance. The research is based on similar work conducted for freight railroads, modified, as necessary, for the transit operating environment. The results should be of interest to engineers involved in the design, construction, maintenance, and operation of rail transit systems.
Polyimides: Effect of molecular structure and cure on thermomechanical behavior (1973)

Abstract The thermomechanical spectra (∼0.5 → 1 cps) of systematically related polyimides synthesized from four aromatic dianhydrides and eleven aromatic diamines are discussed with respect to structure‐property relationships and cure. In displaying two main transitions, T g and T β , most of the polymers behave as amorphous materials such as polymethylmethacrylate. A different mechanism for the relaxations is invoked which involves more intermolecular interaction for those polymers (from pyromellitic dianhydride) which give more complex behavior. Difficulties in obtaining structure‐property relationships in the field of high temperature rigid polymers are discussed in terms of defects in molecular structure, the effect of vitrification in freezing out reactions during cure, different chemical reactivities of the reactive precursor polyamic acids, and the effects of thermal reactions which occur in the vicinity of the glass transition regions.
Distinct Populations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid (1992)

The nucleotide sequence of the gp41 transmembrane protein coding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA obtained from blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 6 individuals was determined by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified DNA. The direct sequencing approach was performed to avoid errors introduced by Taq polymerase during the amplification reaction. In 3 of 6 paired samples distinct sequence differences between proviral DNA from blood and CSF, ranging from 0.64% to 1.73%, were detected. The greatest diversity (4.2% different amino acids) was found between paired samples of a patient suffering from AIDS encephalopathy, with most of the differences clustering near the carboxy-terminal end of gp41. The results demonstrate that genetically different populations of HIV-1 may be present in different biological compartments and specific neurotropic HIV variants may exist.
A Study of Software Development Life Cycle Process Models (2017)

The software development life cycle (SDLC) is used to design, develop and produce high quality, reliable, cost effective and within time software products in the software industry. This is also called software development process model. There are different SDLC process models are available. In this paper I have tried to describe different SDLC models according to their best use. There are many papers which have written in this regard. I will also use their knowledge or findings in this paper. The main purpose of this paper is to explain some of important SDLC models like Waterfall Model, Iterative Model, Spiral Model, V-Model, Big Bang Model, Agile Model, Rapid Application Development Model and Software Prototype. The main purpose of this paper is to explain advantages and disadvantages of these SDLC models. I will also describe which SDLC model is best fit for which type of software applications.

Keywords: Waterfall Model, Agile Model, RAD, Software Prototype