gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Ternary Neural Network With 3-D Vertical RRAM Array (2017)

Recently, 2-D cross-point array of resistive random access memory (RRAM) has been proposed for implementing the weighted sum and weight update operations to accelerate the neuro-inspired learning algorithms on chip. This paper aims to extend such 2-D cross-point array to 3-D vertical array for storing and computing the large-scale weight matrices in the neural network. Considering the fabrication and 3-D integration of analog synapses (i.e., multilevel RRAM devices) are premature at this stage, we propose using today's available digital or binary RRAM devices for implementing a ternary neural network, which aggressively reduces the weight precision to ternary levels (+1, 0,-1) for the weighted sum in both feedforward and backward inference, while the multiple 3-D layers could serve for accumulating the small errors in a higher precision format for weight update. Compared to the 2-D implementation, the proposed 3-D vertical implementation shows larger read/write margin for weighted sum/weight update, smaller latency, and energy consumption for weight update. This paper demonstrates the attractiveness for building a monolithic 3-D neuromorphic hardware platform.
Antinociceptive Properties of a Selective Non-Nucleotide P2X3 /P2X2/3 Receptor Antagonist (2005)

Acute systemic administration of a novel and highly selective non-nucleotide P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptor antagonist, A-317491, has been shown to reduce chronic hyperalgesia and allodynia in several animal models of pathological pain in the absence of cardiovascular and CNS side effects. Furthermore, these studies have also outlined the antinociceptive profile for a P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptor antagonist, as A-317491 was effective in models of chronic inflammatory and neuropathic pain, but not in models of acute, acute inflammatory or visceral pain. The development of A-317491 has also added to the current understanding of P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptor pharmacology and its contributions to nociceptive transmission and modulation. To this end, recent studies have demonstrated that both spinal and peripheral P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptors have significant but differential contributions to nociception in animal models of nerve or tissue injury, and that antagonism of spinal P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptors results in an indirect activation of the opioid system to alleviate inflammatory thermal hyperalgesia and chemogenic nociception. Thus, preclinical data have shown considerable promise for the utility of a P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptor antagonist to alleviate various forms of chronic pain. Furthermore, the discovery of this selective and metabolic stable antagonist for P2X(3)/P2X(2/3) receptors has also been useful in defining the contributions of these receptors to states of pathological pain.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Point Mutations Using Fluorescence-Coupled Competitive Primer Extension (1997)

We report the development of a method for the simultaneous genotyping of several distinct nucleotide positions by means of fluorescence-coupled competitive primer extension. We demonstrate the application of this method for the simultaneous detection of three point mutations in the human mitochondrial genome, at nucleotide positions 3460, 11778 and 14484, which account for about 90% of cases with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. mtDNA fragments encompassing these nucleotide positions are initially amplified in a multiplex PCR assay. Genotyping is then carried out by a simultaneous primer extension assay using wild-type-specific (FAM-labeled) and mutant-specific (JOE-labeled) oligonucleotides. Primer extension products are separated on a 6% polyacrylamide/8 M urea gel on a fluorescence DNA sequencer. Patients' genotypes can be derived from the peak color of the different-sized extension products. As little as 10% mutant DNA can be detected in heteroplasmic mixtures of wild-type and mutant mtDNA, a degree that is sufficient for routine clinical practice.
Synthesis of polyurethanes from fluorinated diisocyanates (1967)

Abstract A number of polyurethanes based on fluorinated aliphatic diisocyanates, perfluorinated aromatic diisocyanates, and chlorinated aromatic diisocyanates have been prepared. The polyurethane prepared from perfluorotrimethylene diisocyanate and hexafluoropentanediol was a rubbery solid which hydrolyzed readily in air to a liquid or sticky solid but was stable if protected from moisture. The products of hydrolysis were isolated and identified. Polyurethanes based on hexafluoropentamethylene diisocyanate were synthesized by reaction of hexafluoropentanediamine with hexafluoropentamethylene bischloroformate and with tetrafluoro‐ p ‐phenylene bischloroformate. Polyurethanes were synthesized by reaction of tetrafluoro‐ p ‐phenylene diisocyanate with hexafluoropentanediol and pentanediol. Other perfluoroaryl diisocyanate‐based polyurethanes were synthesized by reaction of tetrafluoro‐ m ‐phenylene diisocyanate with hexafluoropentanediol and with tetrafluoro‐ p ‐hydroquinone. Polyurethanes were also synthesized by reaction of tetrachloro‐ p ‐phenylene diisocyanate and 2,3,5,6‐tetrachloro‐ p ‐xylylene‐α,α′‐diisocyanate with hexafluoropentanediol.
Review of "Packet Communication by R. M. Metcalfe, MAC TR-114, Dec. 1973" (1974)

No abstract available.
The Political World (2002)

Abstract This chapter explores the nature and changing conditions of national politics in mid-18th-century England and Wales. Emphasis is placed on the main forces shaping political life, especially party identities, and the degree of political stability which existed. The chapter examines political life from the point of view of the politicians who dominated ministerial office — the old corps Whigs, together with Whig politicians and factions who sought office, the ‘flying squadons’ as Lord Hardwicke was to call them on one occasion. The opposition to Whig oligarchical government, which included the Jacobites, Tories, who comprised a majority of opposition MPs throughout this period, opposition Whig and independent MPs, and the press, is also discussed. The press of the later 1740s to later 1750s has been little studied, yet it continued to be an important and episodically influential base for dissent from Whig rule.
New route to the preparation and configurational correlation of optically active phosphine oxides (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew route to the preparation and configurational correlation of optically active phosphine oxidesOlaf. Korpiun and Kurt. MislowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 18, 4784–4786Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00994a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00994a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views666Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultra-Low-Field MRI and Spin-Lattice Relaxation Time of $^{1}\hbox{H}$ in the Presence of $\hbox{Fe}_{3}\hbox{O}_{4}$ Magnetic Nano-Particles Detected With a High-$T_{\rm C}$ DC-SQUID (2013)

We have carried out ultra-low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging experiments in microtesla magnetic fields using a high-T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> dc-SQUID sensor. The measurements were carried out in a home-made magnetically shielded room. NMR spectra of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> H from tap water and other substance samples were obtained in the field range from 10-200 μT. By adapting a transformer coupled detection system, the signal-to-noise ratio of NMR peak in a single-shot measurement for 10 ml tap water was increased significantly as compared with our previously used direct detection method. The improvement was attributed to the increased coupling efficiency and reduced SQUID noise. By applying magnetic field gradient in three directions, one- and two-dimensional imaging results were obtained from water phantom samples. Furthermore, the effect of Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> magnetic nanoparticles on the spin-lattice relaxation time T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> was studied.
Traffic Share-Based Multicast Scheduling for Broadcast Video Delivery in Shared-WDM-PONs (2007)

One of the important issues of convergence service design in access networks is its capability to provide an effective video delivery service for high-quality Internet Protocol television and multicast video on demand. In this paper, the authors research the effects of optical traffic sharing on convergence service design and address how to support multicast video delivery service with multicast scheduling in a shared wavelength division multiplexed- passive optical network (S-WDM-PON) which deploys a shared downstream wavelength and a broadcasting arrayed waveguide grating to a WDM-PON. The proposed dynamic channel scheduling mechanism, which is called maximum share first reservation (MSFR), and multicast management adjust transmission channel types based on the effective multicast cost of broadcast video so that the maximum number of videos can be delivered to homes by optical traffic share, while the packet processing burden and service interference among applications are reduced. The authors also discuss the network design issue regarding the optimal provisioning of shared link bandwidth to guarantee effective convergence services and economical efficiency of the network. The analysis and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanisms.
Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams (2016)

Abstract This article provides a discussion on binary alloy phase diagrams published in this handbook. All diagrams presented are for stable equilibrium conditions, except where metastable conditions are indicated.
A token-flow paradigm for verification of rule-based expert systems (2000)

This paper presents a novel approach to the verification of rule-based systems (RBSs). A graph structure, called the rule-dependency graph (RDG), is introduced to describe the dependency relationship among the rules of an RBS, in which each type of improper knowledge forms a specific topological structure. Knowledge verification is then performed by searching for such topological structures through a token-flow paradigm. An algorithm is provided, which automatically generates a minimally sufficient set of literals as test tokens in the detection procedure. The proposed scheme can be applied to rules of non-Horn clause form in both propositional and first-order logic, and restrictions imposed by other graph-based approaches can be avoided. Furthermore, explicit and potential anomalies of RBSs can be correctly found, and efficient run-time validation is made possible.
Electroless Copper Deposition in the Photographic Gelatin Layer (1999)

An electroless copper deposition process consisting of two stages: (1) forming gold catalytic centers, and (2) electroless copper deposition, was studied in this paper. The changes of the chemical state of sulfur in photographic gelatin before and after electroless copper deposition were studied by X‐ray photoelectron spectrometry. The depth distribution of copper and gold within the electrically conductive layer produced by electroless copper deposition was determined and the mechanism of electroless copper deposition catalyzed by gold in the photographic gelatin layer was discussed. The results indicated that under acidic conditions (pH 3.20), methionine sulfoxide in the gelatin macromolecule had relatively high reducing power. When the gelatin sample was immersed into the chloroauric acid solution, methionine sulfoxide and methionine were oxidized to methionine sulfone, reducing to colloid gold which acted as the catalytic center at the initial stage of the electroless copper deposition. During the electroless deposition, the reduction of by HCHO could continue, and even the copper completely covered the gold because the reaction was autocatalyzed by newly formed copper. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Fusing prosodic and acoustic information for speaker recognition (2009)

Automatic speaker recognition is the use of a machine to identify an individual from a spoken sentence. Recently, this technology has been increasingly used in applications such as access control, transaction authentication, law enforce- ment, and system customisation, among others (Campbell 1997).
Immunohistological Localization of the Human Endometrial Secretory Protein Pregnancy-Associated Endometrial<i>α</i><sub>1</sub>-Globulin, an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein, During the Menstrual Cycle* (1988)

Pregnancy-associated endometrial alpha 1-globulin (alpha 1-PEG), a 29,000 mol wt insulin-like growth factor-binding protein, is the major secretory protein of the human endometrium from the latter half of the first trimester to the end of pregnancy. It is also produced and secreted by nonpregnant endometrial tissue, especially during the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. We studied the localization of this protein in the endometrium during different phases of the cycle using immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies. Immunostaining was first observed in the midsecretory phase and was most consistently detected during the late secretory phase, during which it was principally associated with stromal cell populations. These cells were localized initially surrounding spiral arteries and subsequently also in the subluminal epithelial region of the endometrium. These results suggest that alpha 1-PEG synthesis is principally associated with the process of stromal cell differentiation. i.e. predecidualization. However, the presence of alpha 1-PEG was not directly correlated with the presence of mature predecidual cells, suggesting that its synthesis is not an inherent feature of this cell.
Hypoglycemia: The Limiting Factor in the Management of IDDM (1994)

Iatrogenic hypoglycemia is the limiting factor in the management of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). It causes recurrent physical morbidity, some mortality, and recurrent or even persistent psychosocial morbidity. The principles of glucose counterregulation, the physiological mechanisms that normally very effectively prevent or correct hypoglycemia, are now known. Decrements in insulin, increments in glucagon, and, in the absence of the latter, increments in epinephrine stand high in the hierarchy of redundant glucose counterregulatory factors. Iatrogenic hypoglycemia in IDDM is the result of the interplay of absolute or relative therapeutic insulin excess and compromised glucose counterregulation. Syndromes of compromised glucose counterregulation include defective glucose counterregulation (the result of combined deficiencies of the glucagon and epinephrine responses to falling glucose levels), hypoglycemia unawareness (loss of the warning, neurogenic symptoms of developing hypoglycemia), and elevated glycemic thresholds (lower glucose levels required) for autonomic activation and symptoms during effective intensive therapy. These have been conceptualized as examples of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure, a functional disorder distinct from classical diabetic autonomic neuropathy, in IDDM. Recent antecedent iatrogenic hypoglycemia appears to be a major factor in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia unawareness; there is increasing evidence that this syndrome is reversible with scrupulous avoidance of hypoglycemia. It probably also contributes substantially to the syndrome of elevated glycemic thresholds during intensive therapy. However, factors in addition to recent antecedent hypoglycemia play an important role in the pathogenesis of the syndrome of defective glucose counterregulation. Pending the prevention and cure of IDDM, we need to learn to replace insulin in a much more physiological fashion and/or to prevent, correct, or compensate for compromised glucose counterregulation if we are to eliminate hypoglycemia from the lives of people with IDDM without compromising glycemic control. In the meantime, we must continue to seek better insight into the fundamental mechanisms of compromised glucose counterregulation and to develop practical preventive clinical strategies and practice hypoglycemia risk factor reduction with our patients.
Effect of saliva and blood contamination on the bond strength of self-etching adhesive system- An in vitro study (2012)

When self-etching adhesive systems are used, saliva and blood contamination significantly decrease the bond strength of the adhesive to enamel and dentin of the tooth.
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE NEW HONG KONG AIRPORT. (1961)

Keywords SCOTT WILSON KIRKPATRICK GAMMON MALAYA, SOCIETE FRANCAISE D ENTREPRISES DE, DRAGAGES & DE TRAVAUX PUBLICS CONSTRUCTION, AIRPORTS, RECLAMATION, DREDGING, FILL, LANDFILL, WATER, HARBOURS, RUNWAYS, ANCILLARY, SERVICES, PROBLEMS, METHODS, CONTROL, SETTLEMENT, LAYOUT, TERMINALS, COSTS, MUD, SAND, DREDGERS, PUMPING, SEA, WALLS, DEMOLITION, PAVEMENTS, BUCKETS, SUCTION, HOPPERS, APRONS, NULLAH, CONTRACTS, DRAG, PLANT, CONTRACTORS, SEA WALLS HONG KONG HONG KONG, ASIA... Show All
Immunoglobulin-Mediated Agglutination of and Biofilm Formation by <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 Require the Type 1 Pilus Fiber (2004)

The binding of human secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), the primary immunoglobulin in the gut, to Escherichia coli is thought to be dependent on type 1 pili. Type 1 pili are filamentous bacterial surface attachment organelles comprised principally of a single protein, the product of the fimA gene. A minor component of the pilus fiber (the product of the fimH gene, termed the adhesin) mediates attachment to a variety of host cell molecules in a mannose inhibitable interaction that has been extensively described. We found that the aggregation of E. coli K-12 by human secretory IgA (SIgA) was dependent on the presence of the pilus fiber, even in the absence of the mannose specific adhesin or in the presence of 25 mM alpha-CH(3)Man. The presence of pilus without adhesin also facilitated SIgA-mediated biofilm formation on polystyrene, although biofilm formation was stronger in the presence of the adhesin. IgM also mediated aggregation and biofilm formation in a manner dependent on pili with or without adhesin. These findings indicate that the pilus fiber, even in the absence of the adhesin, may play a role in biologically important processes. Under conditions in which E. coli was agglutinated by SIgA, the binding of SIgA to E. coli was not increased by the presence of the pili, with or without adhesin. This observation suggests that the pili, with or without adhesin, affect factors such as cell surface rigidity or electrostatic repulsion, which can affect agglutination but which do not necessarily determine the level of bound immunoglobulin.
Malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in peripheral blood erythrocytes of patients with acute cerebral ischemia (2001)

The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) were measured in the red blood cells (RBC) of 34 patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke on the first and seventh day after their stroke onset, and compared with 30 control individuals matched for sex, age and stroke risk factors. Within the first 24 h after stroke, SOD and GSH-Px activities were significantly decreased and MDA levels were significantly elevated in the patients compared with control subjects. Decrease in SOD and GSH-Px activities and increase in MDA levels showed significant correlation with infarct size, initial stroke severity assessed by NIH stroke scale and poor short-term prognosis. Observed changes in the RBC oxygen scavenging process returned to values not different from those of control subjects within seven days after stroke. Our results indicated that antioxidant enzyme concentrations decreased below normal levels in the acute period following ischemic stroke. Until the recovery of antioxidant defence mechanisms, which occurred up to seven days after stroke onset according to our results, the use of neuroprotective therapy against oxyradical injury seems reliable.
Video shot boundary detection based on candidate segment selection and transition pattern analysis (2015)

Video shot boundary detection or shot segmentation is an integral part of semantic video analysis. The objective of this process is to automatically detect the boundary region in video that further segment the video into meaningful shot, scene and so on. Video frame feature representation therefore plays an important role in the process where it directly affects the overall performance of the system. The transition points between meaningful scenes can be emphasised by the extracted features. In this paper, a combination of global and local feature descriptors is implemented to represent the temporal characteristic in video. Motivated by computational efficiency and practical implementation, a video shot boundary detection scheme using adaptive thresholding is proposed. Candidate segment selection and transition pattern analysis are implemented by the dissimilarity score between video frames. The performance evaluation is constructed on a golf video dataset using the precision and recall performance measures.
Blanket and pocket anti punchthrough device design approaches in 0.35-μm CMOS technology development (2002)

Short channel devices suffer from punchthrough leakage due to barrier lowering induced by drain bias (DIBL). The device engineering strategy aims at reducing leakage from surface, sub-surface and bulk current paths. In deep sub-micron devices, bulk punchthrough is the major contributor to the DIBL leakage. This paper describes process optimization that requires some trade-offs between device parameters such as off-state current leakage, drive current and threshold voltage, to meet technology specifications. In this work we optimize well, channel, pocket and drain implant and anneal parameters to achieve the desired device characteristics.
Hollow Microsperes (2004)

Abstract Hollow microspheres are spherically symmetrical particles consisting of at least two phases. Their sales are continuously increasing because of a large number of well‐known and new applications. While most of the current needs for hollow microspheres are met by inorganic byproducts of combustion processes (cenospheres), the fabrication of tailor‐made hollow sphere structures by processes like spray‐drying as well as dripping, emulsion and suspension techniques is gaining more and more interest. Surface phenomena play an important role as far as formation, properties and stability of hollow microspheres are concerned. Template techniques can be used to yield structures that have not been available so far. Modeling and simulation of the formation processes are useful tools to understand the formation mechanisms and to simplify the scaleup.