gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substituted benzotriazoles as inhibitors of copper corrosion in borate buffer solutions (2017)

The adsorption of substituted 1,2,3-benzotriazoles (R-BTAs) onto copper is measured via ellipsometry in a pure borate buffer (pH 7.4) and satisfactorily described by Temkin’s isotherm. The adsorption free energy (−ΔG a 0 ) values of these azoles are determined. The (−ΔG a 0 ) values are found to rise as their hydrophobicity, characterized by the logarithm of the partition coefficient of a substituted BTA in a model octanol–water system (logP), grows. The minimum concentration sufficient for the spontaneous passivation of copper (C min) and a shift in the potential of local copper depassivation with chlorides (E pt) after an azole is added to the solution (i.e., ΔE = E pt in − E pt backgr characterizing the ability of its adsorption to stabilize passivation) are determined in the same solution containing a corrosion additive (0.01М NaCl) for each azole under study. Both criteria of the passivating properties of azoles (logC min and ΔE) are shown to correlate linearly with logP, testifying to the role played by surface activity of this family of organic inhibitors in protecting copper in an aqueous solution.
Asthma and autoimmunity: a complex but intriguing relation (2008)

Asthma and autoimmune diseases apparently have little to share except for the involvement of the immune system in both types of disorder. However, epidemiological studies have shown that asthma and Type 1 diabetes, a typical autoimmune disease, are associated at the population level, and some experimental findings have suggested that autoimmune mechanisms might be operating in asthma as well. Female preponderance, increased incidence of antinuclear autoantibodies and detection of autoantibodies against either bronchial epithelial antigens or endothelial antigens in patients with nonallergic asthma suggest that the disease may have an autoimmune basis. Approximately 50% of patients with nonallergic asthma react to intradermal injection of autologous serum, indicating the presence of circulating vasoactive factors and suggesting an autoreactive mechanism. Recent findings in experimental animals support the involvement of an autoreactive mechanism in allergic asthma as well, indicating that human alpha-nascent polypeptide-associated complex, identified as an IgE-reactive autoantigen, has the potential to sensitize and induce immediate skin reactions and airway inflammation. In summary, asthma is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the respiratory airways that can be triggered by allergen exposure or by other mechanisms, possibly autoreactive/autoimmune. The autoimmune hypothesis is further, indirectly, supported by the response to immunosuppressive drugs.
A review of infectious gill disease in marine salmonid fish (2011)

Infectious gill diseases of marine salmonid fish present a significant challenge in salmon-farming regions. Infectious syndromes or disease conditions affecting marine-farmed salmonids include amoebic gill disease (AGD), proliferative gill inflammation (PGI) and tenacibaculosis. Pathogens involved include parasites, such as Neoparamoeba perurans, bacteria, such as Piscichlamydia salmonis and Tenacibaculum maritimum, and viruses, such as the Atlantic salmon paramyxovirus (ASPV). The present level of understanding of these is reviewed with regard to risk factors, potential impacting factors, methods of best practice to mitigate infectious gill disease, as well as knowledge gaps and avenues for future research.
Super-accurate GPS coming to smartphones in 2018 [News] (2017)

We've all been there. You're driving down the highway, just as your navigation app instructed, when Siri tells you to "proceed east for one-half mile, then merge onto the highway." But you're already on the highway. After a moment of confusion and perhaps some rude words about Siri and her extended AI family, you realize the problem: Your GPS isn't accurate enough for your navigation app to tell if you're on the highway or on the road beside it. Those days are nearly at an end. At the Institute of Navigation GNSS+ conference in Portland, Ore., in September, Broadcom announced that it is providing customers samples of the first mass-market chip to take advantage of a new breed of global navigation satellite signals. This new chip will give the next generation of smartphones 30‑centimeter accuracy as opposed to today’s 5 meters. Even better, it works in a city's concrete canyons, and it consumes half the power of today's generation of chips. The chip, the BCM47755, has been included in the design of some smartphones slated for release in 2018, but Broadcom would not reveal which.
A signal processing system based upon monolithic neural coprocessors (2002)

A signal processing system based upon a custom-made neural coprocessor integrated circuit is presented. The system comprises a dedicated PCB containing up to four coprocessors, which works in association with a microcomputer. All control and communication software, including a program for neural network training, were also developed. A speech recognition application and a performance evaluation are also presented.
Compression of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Fast and Low Power\n Mobile Applications (2015)

Although the latest high-end smartphone has powerful CPU and GPU, running\ndeeper convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for complex tasks such as ImageNet\nclassification on mobile devices is challenging. To deploy deep CNNs on mobile\ndevices, we present a simple and effective scheme to compress the entire CNN,\nwhich we call one-shot whole network compression. The proposed scheme consists\nof three steps: (1) rank selection with variational Bayesian matrix\nfactorization, (2) Tucker decomposition on kernel tensor, and (3) fine-tuning\nto recover accumulated loss of accuracy, and each step can be easily\nimplemented using publicly available tools. We demonstrate the effectiveness of\nthe proposed scheme by testing the performance of various compressed CNNs\n(AlexNet, VGGS, GoogLeNet, and VGG-16) on the smartphone. Significant\nreductions in model size, runtime, and energy consumption are obtained, at the\ncost of small loss in accuracy. In addition, we address the important\nimplementation level issue on 1?1 convolution, which is a key operation of\ninception module of GoogLeNet as well as CNNs compressed by our proposed\nscheme.\n
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients With Ischemic Stroke (2001)

Our results suggest that MCP-1 may play a role in the inflammatory reaction during the early phase of ischemic stroke.
2b or Not 2b: How Opposing FGF Receptor Splice Variants Are Blocking Progress in Precision Oncology (2021)

More than ten thousand peer-reviewed studies have assessed the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) in cancer, but few patients have yet benefited from drugs targeting this molecular family. Strategizing how best to use FGFR-targeted drugs is complicated by multiple variables, including RNA splicing events that alter the affinity of ligands for FGFRs and hence change the outcomes of stromal-epithelial interactions. The effects of splicing are most relevant to FGFR2; expression of the FGFR2b splice isoform can restore apoptotic sensitivity to cancer cells, whereas switching to FGFR2c may drive tumor progression by triggering epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The differentiating and regulatory actions of wild-type FGFR2b contrast with the proliferative actions of FGFR1 and FGFR3, and may be converted to mitogenicity either by splice switching or by silencing of tumor suppressor genes such as CDH1 or PTEN. Exclusive use of small-molecule pan-FGFR inhibitors may thus cause nonselective blockade of FGFR2 isoforms with opposing actions, undermining the rationale of FGFR2 drug targeting. This splice-dependent ability of FGFR2 to switch between tumor-suppressing and -driving functions highlights an unmet oncologic need for isoform-specific drug targeting, e.g., by antibody inhibition of ligand-FGFR2c binding, as well as for more nuanced molecular pathology prediction of FGFR2 actions in different stromal-tumor contexts.
Lanreotide extended-release aqueous-gel formulation, injected by patient, partner or healthcare provider in patients with acromegaly in the United States: 1-year data from the SODA registry (2013)

Lanreotide depot (LD; commercial name Somatuline(®) Depot) is an injectable, extended-release formulation of the synthetic somatostatin analog (SSA) lanreotide. In recent clinical trials, LD was found to be suitable for self or partner administration, avoiding the need to travel to a medical facility. The Somatuline(®) Depot for Acromegaly (SODA) study is an ongoing, multicenter, observational study in the US investigating the efficacy, safety, convenience and symptom relief provided by LD in patients with acromegaly. Sub-analyses explore outcomes according to who administered the injection: patient, partner, healthcare provider (HCP) or a combination. Data reported here reflect one year of patient experience. Patients are eligible for inclusion if they have a diagnosis of acromegaly, are treated with LD and can give signed informed consent. Baseline data include patient demographics, previous acromegaly treatment and investigations, GH and IGF-I levels, LD dose and dose adjustment frequency. Symptom frequency, injection pain and treatment convenience are assessed using patient-reported questionnaires. As of 18 April 2012, 166 patients had enrolled in SODA. Most (72 %) achieved normal IGF-I levels after 12 months of LD treatment. Disease control was similar in self or partner injectors and in patients who received injections from their HCP, although self or partner injecting was deemed more convenient. LD was well-tolerated irrespective of who performed the injection. Self injection led to more injection-site reactions, but this did not increase the rate of treatment interruption. Acromegaly symptoms remained stable. Biochemical, safety and convenience data support the clinical validity of injecting LD at home.
Performance limitations in switched- capacitor filters (1985)

Switched-capacitor (SC) filters continue to improve in performance mainly through progress in the design of MOS operational amplifiers (op amps). Ultimate limits to achievable filter performance, however, stem from factors more fundamental than op amp nonidealities, factors independent of process and circuit improvements. This paper develops, from certain basic assumptions, ultimate limits on dynamic range, chip area, and power consumption in SC integrators and low-pass filters. For integrators, minimum area and power requirements are shown to vary as the square of desired dynamic range. Some physically realistic approximations lead to expressions relating filter area, power consumption, and dynamic range which involve only fundamental process parameters, supply voltage and filter cut-off frequency. Comparison with actual performance in typical commercially manufactured SC filters suggests that there is still a strong motivation in improving op amp specifications. A typical commercial fifth-order voiceband filter operating from a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\pm 5-V</tex> supply with a dynamic range of 95 dB consumes approximately 5 mW and requires an area of approximately <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5000 {mil}^{2}</tex> compared with the theoretical minima of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8.5 \mu W</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11.2 {mil}^{2}</tex> , respectively.
Detector Pulse Shaping for High Resolution Spectroscopy (1968)

Shaping is considered with respect to minimizing the random errors with respect to detector pulse measurements. Some properties of time variant and invariant linear networks are considered. It is shown that the weighting function characterizes both time variant and invariant networks with respect to the determination of the errors. The errors are classified according to their origin and character. Errors due to noise, pile up and base line shift are considered. Equations for their variances and average values are derived using the weighting function and the statistical properties of random impulses. The weighting function characteristics, such as shape and time scale, are considered with respect to the resulting errors The characteristic of the weighting function, required to minimize or decrease particular errors are discussed. Particular attention has been given to base line error reduction.
The host ubiquitin-dependent segregase VCP/p97 is required for the onset of human cytomegalovirus replication (2017)

The human cytomegalovirus major immediate early proteins IE1 and IE2 are critical drivers of virus replication and are considered pivotal in determining the balance between productive and latent infection. IE1 and IE2 are derived from the same primary transcript by alternative splicing and regulation of their expression likely involves a complex interplay between cellular and viral factors. Here we show that knockdown of the host ubiquitin-dependent segregase VCP/p97, results in loss of IE2 expression, subsequent suppression of early and late gene expression and, ultimately, failure in virus replication. RNAseq analysis showed increased levels of IE1 splicing, with a corresponding decrease in IE2 splicing following VCP knockdown. Global analysis of viral transcription showed the expression of a subset of viral genes is not reduced despite the loss of IE2 expression, including UL112/113. Furthermore, Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that VCP strongly colocalised with the viral replication compartments in the nucleus. Finally, we show that NMS-873, a small molecule inhibitor of VCP, is a potent HCMV antiviral with potential as a novel host targeting therapeutic for HCMV infection.
The Case for Colorectal Cancer Screening (1994)

There is strong evidence that sigmoidoscopic screening can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer mortality by as much as 70%, but the case for extensive fecal occult blood testing is less convincing. Flexible sigmoidoscopy performed once every five to 10 years in patients aged 50 to 75 appears to be warranted; however, many practical barriers to widespread implementation still need to addressed.
Virtual Reality Technology in Business (1994)

The past two decades have witnessed the development of a new stream of research in the field of virtual reality. Its primary use was thought to be entertainment, but as research continued the applications to more practical areas, we see how all forms of businesses can and are benefiting from virtual reality research. Briefly discusses the research being conducted on behalf of various industries, and how that research will benefit and is benefiting those industries.
Digital route panoramas (2003)

Route panorama is a new image medium for digitally archiving and visualizing scenes along a route. It's suitable for registration, transmission, and visualization of route scenes. This article explores route panorama projection, resolution, and shape distortion. It also discusses how to improve quality, achieve real-time transmission, and display long route panoramas on the Internet.
ASIC design in a next generation workstation (2002)

The activities of the design team formed for development of a follow-on machine to the Sparcstation 1 are discussed. The design team partitioned the design into four chips: the cache controller (CACHE+), memory management unit (MMU+), direct memory access (DMA+), and dynamic memory controller (RAM+). Architectural changes and higher integration eliminated two of the ASICs used on the Sparcstation 1 and dropped the usage of one of the ASICs from two to one part per board. One ASIC, a video controller, was reused. The manpower requirements of the project and the design/verification tools used by the design team are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical observation on vertical transmission of human papillomavirus. (1998)

The results indicate that HPV can be transmitted in utero through amniotic fluid and cesarean section can not protect the neonates against vertical transmission completely.
Polymers with Pendant Functional Group. III. Polysulfones Containing Viologen Group (1997)

Abstract The chloromethylation reaction of polysulfone and the amination reaction with 4,4′-bipyridyl or some monoquaternized derivatives of this in order to obtain polysulfone with viologen groups were analyzed. A kinetic study of amination reaction of a chloromethylated polysulfone with 4,4′-bipyridyl and N benzylbipyridinium chloride in dimethylsulfoxide is also reported.
Data fusion algorithms for network anomaly detection: classification and evaluation (2007)

In this paper, the problem of discovering anomalies in a large-scale network based on the data fusion of heterogeneous monitors is considered. We present a classification of anomaly detection algorithms based on data fusion, and motivated by this classification, the operational principles and characteristics of two different representative approaches, one based on the Demster-Shafer theory of evidence and one based on principal component analysis, are described. The detection effectiveness of these strategies are evaluated and compared under different attack scenarios, based on both real data and simulations. Our study and corresponding numerical results revealed that in principle the conditions under which they operate efficiently are complementary, and therefore could be used effectively in an integrated way to detect a wider range of attacks..
Spectral and photochemical properties of hydroxylated 2-styrylquinoline derivatives (2011)

The spectral and photochemical properties of 2-(4-hydroxystyryl)quinoline 1 and 2-(2-hydroxystyryl)quinoline 2 have been studied. The trans-cis photoisomerization quantum yield for 1 and 2 in the neutral form is 0.2–0.5, and it is reduced by a factor of 6–7 by protonation, presumably, owing to the competitive process of hydroxyl group deprotonation in the excited state and the formation of quinoid tautomers. The quantum yield of the back cis-trans photoisomerization in the protonated form varies insignificantly. The neutral, protonated, and deprotonated forms of 1 have been used for to simulate a molecular logic gate, the half-adder with chemical inputs and absorbance as outputs.
Insulin receptor tyrosine kinase structure and function (1991)

Six years have now elapsed since efforts to establish heterologous cell expression systems for studies of the human insulin receptor were begun. As is apparent from the results summarized in Figs. 1 and 2, a significant number of studies have been devoted to the analysis of receptor mutations, both experimentally derived (i.e. by mutagenesis) and those identified in human patients, as well as to the generation of soluble derivatives of the major functional domains of the receptor for use in biophysical studies. While it is certainly clear that these methods can be expected to yield an ever-increasing body of data concerning insulin receptor structure/function, it is equally apparent that attention to a number of basic experimental limitations inherent in these approaches will be required to resolve a number of fundamental questions and disagreements concerning particular receptor mutations. Given the level of interest in the insulin receptor that has persisted over the past several decades, one expects that these efforts will be forthcoming, and that our understanding of this complex transmembrane receptor will, with time, improve.
Selective toxicity of rose bengal to ovarian cancer cells in vitro. (2012)

Rose bengal (RB) has been utilized as a photodynamic agent for the targeted killing of cancer cells. Recent data suggest that intralesional RB alone may be effective in chemoablating locoregional and metastatic melanomas. The ability of RB to induce direct and bystander melanoma cell death led to the speculation that it may be similarly effective in the treatment of other neoplasms. The objective of this study was to determine whether RB can limit the growth, or kill, ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Ovarian carcinoma cells with or without a germline BRCA1 mutation were cultured with up to 800 μM RB for one hour or four days, after which their ability to proliferate was assessed using the MTT assay. Control cells included an embryonic kidney cell line transformed with adenovirus, and normal human fibroblasts. Ovarian cancer cells exhibited significant dose-dependent suppression of growth in response to RB; this suppression was similar to that seen with carboplatin. RB treated ovarian cancer cells appeared rounded, shrunken, and damaged. RB also inhibited the growth of kidney tumor cells but was much less effective in slowing the growth of normal human fibroblasts suggesting that RB-mediated growth suppression might be tumor cell specific. Ovarian cancer cells treated with RB displayed a significant increase in apoptosis that peaked at approximately four times the levels seen in untreated control cells. Furthermore, RB exposure resulted in the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at levels that were significantly greater than in untreated cells and similar to levels seen in cells treated short term with H(2)O(2). These data suggest that RB may not only suppress ovarian cancer cell growth but also induce their apoptotic cell death, justifying the further investigation of the effects of RB in an animal model of ovarian cancer.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging clinical experience in San Francisco. (1983)

NMR is a new extremely promising imaging modality that combines the advantages of X-ray computed tomography by giving high resolution tomograms, of ultrasound by allowing imaging in any desired plane without the dangers from ionizing radiation and nuclear medicine by offering information about physiology and metabolic processes. These advantages are not combined with any of the drawbacks of the other modalities, and are due to the ability of NMR to provide information from four imaging parameters: 1) H density; 2) T1--the spin lattice relaxation parameters; 3) T2--the spin-spin relaxation parameter; and 4) information about proton motion. NMR is already a useful clinical tool in the study of brain, cord, mediastinum, pelvis, and is promising in the study of heart, kidneys, adrenals, liver, pancreas, and spleen.
Quantum Zeno effect (1990)

The quantum Zero effect is the inhibition of transitions between quantum states by frequent measurements of the state. The inhibition arises because the measurement causes a collapse (reduction) of the wave function. If the time between measurements is short enough, the wave function usually collapses back to the initial state. We have observed this effect in an rf transition between two $^{9}$${\mathrm{Be}}^{+}$ ground-state hyperfine levels. The ions were confined in a Penning trap and laser cooled. Short pulses of light, applied at the same time as the rf field, made the measurements. If an ion was in one state, it scattered a few photons; if it was in the other, it scattered no photons. In the latter case the wave-function collapse was due to a null measurement. Good agreement was found with calculations.