gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study on volatile compounds in rice by HS-SPME and GC-MS (2010)

Headspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), together with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, were used to investigate volatile compounds in rice. Experimental conditions including extraction time，temperature, the amount of sample and equilibrium time, were optimized. Optimal conditions were that a 20 g sample was heated for 30 min at 80°C prior to headspace absorption, and then extracted for 30 min with HS-SPME. The volatile compounds in indica and japonica rice were alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, esters, hydrocarbons, organic acids, as well as heterocyclic compounds. Aldehydes were the most abundant making up around 30% of volatiles by weight.
Schottky barrier rectifier with high current density using vanadium as barrier metal (2001)

This letter reports on an improved forward voltage drop (VF) and reverse leakage current (IR) in Schottky barrier rectifier using vanadium (V–SBR) as the barrier metal with a low barrier height (φB) and argon implantation. The VF for a V–SBR was as low as 0.25 V compared to 0.39 V for a molybdenum (Mo)–SBR at the same forward current density (JF) of 60 A/cm2. This study was able to achieve a good result for JF in SBR. Presently, the conventional Schottky rectifier with a low φB metal is used to achieve low VF, but at the expense of a high IR. To reduce this effect, crystalline Si was altered into amorphous Si using argon implantation on the n-epitaxial layer. Finally, a SBR with a high JF and low IR could be fabricated.
CHARGE TRANSFER ACROSS PIGMENTED BILAYER LIPID MEMBRANE AND ITS INTERFACES (1976)

Abstract— The technique of forming bilayer lipid membranes (BLM) has made it possible to study photoreactions of pigments in an environment that is much closer to those in photosynthetic and visual membranes. A pigmented BLM system with Mg 2+ ‐porphyrins as membrane‐bound pigments and with ferricyanide and ferrocyanide as the aqueous electron acceptor and donor, respectively, was used to illustrate the photoelectric effects due to coupled interfacial charge transfer reactions. The steady‐state continuous photoresponse was studied by means of the voltage clamp method and a null current method. The independence of the pigment conductance channel and the ionic conductance channel was demonstrated. A tunable voltage clamp method was used to study the transient pulsed photoresponses. Such a measurement permits us to characterize the photosystem in terms of an equivalent circuit model which contains a novel chemical capacitance. Molecular interpretation of this equivalent circuit model was given. A microscopic model based on the Gouy–Chapman theory and chemical kinetics calculation leads to an equivalent circuit which is also equivalent to the previous one. Generalization of this microscopic model further leads to a physical mechanism of the generation of the early receptor potential (ERP) in visual membranes. Relevance of pigmented BLM research to photosynthesis and other disciplines was also discussed.
Wireless Vital Sign Monitoring using Ultra Wideband-Based Personal Area Networks (2007)

This paper presents a wireless vital sign monitoring system using IEEE802.15.4a standard based on ultra wideband (UWB) wireless communications. The vital signs are categorized into continuous and routine vital signs; the continuous signs include electrocardiogram (ECG), and the routine ones cover blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and body temperature. To conduct both tasks simultaneously, a superframe structure is optimized to minimize the delay time of packet transmission through computer simulation. Results showed that IEEE802.15.4a standard has capability to together monitor both single continuous sign and multiple routine signs simultaneously.
Doubling of the Operational Lifetime of Portable Video Communication Devices Using Power-Rate-Distortion Analysis and Control (2006)

We consider a portable video device which captures and compresses video data. Video compression is computationally intensive and energy-consuming. However, the portable device, powered with batteries, has limited energy supply for data processing. One of the central challenging issues in portable video communication system design is how to maximize the operational lifetime. Based on our previous work on power-rate-distortion (P-R-D) analysis, in this work, we study how we could trade "bits" for "jouls" (energy) to minimize the energy consumption of video compression using optimum bit allocation. Our results, both theoretically and experimentally, show that using the proposed P-R-D video encoding technology, the operational lifetime of the portable device can be doubled or even tripled. This has a significant impact in energy-efficient portable video communication system design.
Premedication in the United States (1997)

We undertook a mailing survey study to assess the current practice of sedative premedication in anesthesia.A total of 5396 questionnaires were mailed to randomly selected physician members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Forty-six percent (n = 2421) of those sampled returned the questionnaire after two mailings. The reported rate of sedative premedication in the United States varied widely among age groups and geographical locations. Premedicant sedative drugs were least often used with children younger than age 3 years and most often used with adults less than 65 years of age (25% vs 75%, P = 0.001). Midazolam was the most frequently used premedicant both in adults and children (>75%). When analyzed based on geographical locations, use of sedative premedicants among adults was least frequent in the Northeast region and most frequent in the Southeast region (50% vs 90%, P = 0.001). When the frequency of premedication was examined against health maintenance organization (HMO) penetration (i.e., HMO enrollment by total population) in the various geographical regions, correlation coefficients (r) ranged from -0.96 to -0.54. Multivariable analysis revealed that HMO penetration is an independent predictor for the use of premedication in adults and children. The marked variation among geographical areas in premedicant usage patterns under-scores the lack of consensus among anesthesiologists about the need for premedication. The data suggest that HMO participation may affect delivery of this component of anesthetic care. (Anesth Analg 1997;84:427-32)
The Epidermal Basement Membrane: Structure, Ontogeny and Role in Disease (1984)

Since many dermatological diseases affect the epidermal basement membrane zone (BMZ), there has been intense investigation into the role of epidermal BMZ constituents in various skin diseases, particularly subepidermal skin diseases. The epidermal BMZ consists of four major structural components--the basal cell plasma membrane, the lamina lucida, the lamina densa and the sublamina densa zone, which contains anchoring fibrils. The lamina lucida is composed of laminin, bullous pemphigoid antigen (a disease-specific glycoprotein identified by antibodies circulating in patients' sera), and other as yet poorly defined antigens which are identified by in vivo bound and circulating antibodies in the sera of patients with herpes gestationis, scarring pemphigoid and other conditions. The lamina densa consists of type IV collagen and KF-1 antigen (which is non-collagenous and is identified by a skin-specific monoclonal antibody). Knowledge of the structure and chemical composition of the BMZ is critical to an understanding of some of the genetic and immunologically mediated blistering skin diseases.
Targeting Health Behaviors to Reduce Health Care Costs in Pediatric Psychology: Descriptive Review and Recommendations (2015)

Pediatric health behavior change interventions may be a valuable component of efforts to improve population health while reducing health care costs.
Halogenation and olefinic nature of cyclopropane (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHalogenation and olefinic nature of cyclopropaneArnold J. Gordon Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 8, 461Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1967Published inissue 1 August 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ed044p461RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Japanese experience with dual-action antidepressants (2002)

Milnacipran is one of the first modern antidepressant drugs to be introduced into Japan, and the first dual-action antidepressant. Placebo-controlled clinical trials with this drug have demonstrated similar efficacy and superior tolerability to imipramine and mianserin. The good safety profile of the drug has been confirmed from open-label phase IV studies. There are indications, both from the randomized clinical trials and from the phase IV programme, that milnacipran may have a comparatively rapid onset of action, showing clear signs of efficacy after one week of treatment. This observation, which needs to be confirmed in an appropriately designed study, may be the clinical correlate of the rapid desensitization of 5-hydroxytryptamine (HT)1A receptors produced by milnacipran. A series of pilot studies have demonstrated the role of milnacipran in the management of certain affective disorders not adequately treated by classical antidepressants. These include bipolar disorder, treatment-resistant depression in the elderly and post-stroke depression. These findings merit confirmation in controlled studies, and open the way to using milnacipran to provide satisfactory treatment of these condi-
Thermal performance evaluation and methodology for pyramid stack die packages (2008)

The packaging industry has devised various die stacking solutions to meet the electronic industry’s growing demand for higher memory and functionality. Multiple devices packaged within the same footprint results in higher temperatures which adversely affect thermal performance and reliability. Thermal management and characterization of stacked die packages thus becomes vital. Thermal evaluation of such packages is complicated as there is more than one heat source. To address this challenge, this paper demonstrates the application of the linear super position (LSP) principle to evaluate the thermal performance of a pyramid stacked die (D2-FBGA) package. The package was modeled using FLOTHERM® and simulation results were validated with experimental data obtained using JEDEC specified environment and measurement techniques. Upon excellent correlation, an approach using LSP was proposed to generate the thermal resistance matrix used to predict thermal performance for various power configurations. The LSP principle is found to be very suitable for predicting thermal performance of pyramid stack packages with negligible error. This method is very useful for comparing thermal performance of pyramid stacked die packages. To optimize the thermal performance of the package under designed simulation matrix, sensitivity studies of mold compound and die attach conductivity on thermal behavior were also conducted.
A Community of Peer Interactions as a Resource to Prepare Music Teacher Educators (2013)

The purpose of this study was to investigate interactions between two doctoral students and their colleagues in a graduate music education program and determine how a community of peer interactions functions as a resource to prepare music teacher educators. Results of this study showed that peer interactions between two participants and other students in graduate classes demonstrated characteristics of communities of practice (Wenger, 1998). The domain was the commonality of working as full-time music educators at the college-level and wanting to be better music teacher educators. While reflecting on this common goal, they developed a shared repertoire including their own strategies and skills related to class materials, which was closely related to the practice. The development of a community was greatly affected by the structure of the cohort program, similar career backgrounds, group work, and faculty members as facilitators. Suggestions for building a strong sense of belonging and mutual commitment beyond graduate classes are discussed.
Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment Design and Health and Safety Codes (1999)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Any new technology has impacts on the industries, government and consumer sectors that have dealings with it. Introduction of significant numbers of electric vehicles (EVs) and the need for installation of charging equipment to support them has caused concerns for building department personnel, equipment manufacturers and installers, consumers, EV pioneers, government agencies and others.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a summary of California’s Health and Safety Code requirements for Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) and how equipment has been developed to comply with it. Background, history, rationale and comparisons are given for requirements in the California Health and Safety Codes, and 1996 and 1999 National Electrical Codes<sup>®</sup> (NEC<sup>®</sup>).</div></div>
Properties and structure of AlSiN and AlSiON films (1990)

Magneto-optical disks employ rare earth-transition metal amorphous alloy films (RE-TM films) as recording films, therefore improvement of the corrosion resistance of such disks is an important problem which must be resolved to enable practical application. Development of protective layers for magneto-optical disks is important to improving corrosion resistance. Such protective layers must offer excellent protective performance, and must also have a large refractive index in order that a large Kerr effect enhancement be obtained. AlSiN and AlSiON films are being developed for use as protective films meeting these requirements. However, as yet not much is known about the structure, bonding states, and relation between composition and refractive index of such films. This article reports on the refractive indices, structures, and bonding states of AlSiN and AlSiON sputtered films.
Hybrid modulation method for low-switching frequency operation of modular multilevel converter (2017)

Advent of Modular multilevel converters (MMC) made the voltage sourced high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems a reality mainly due to its modular structure, scalability and reliability. For these converters, minimization of sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage spread without increasing the switching frequency is the biggest challenge as it directly affects the efficiency and cost. Moreover, output voltage harmonics is another major concern because it influences filter design and electromagnetic interference (EMI) issues. Modulation techniques of MMC should address the above issues for HVDC application. A hybrid modulation method is proposed in this paper which unifies the advantages of conventional staircase modulation and pulse width modulation (PWM) methods. This simple method can optimize the capacitor voltage spread and output voltage harmonics at very low switching frequency (even less than 2 times fundamental frequency) without using any calculation intensive prediction or look-up tables. The modulation technique is simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK platform for demonstrating its validity and the results are presented.
Seismic Inversion Methods and some of their constraints (2004)

The interest in seismic inversion techniques has been growing steadily over the last couple of years. Integrated studies are essential to hydrocarbon development projects (e.g. Vazquez et al. 1997, Cosentino 2001) and inversion is one of the means to extract additional information from seismic data. Various seismic inversion techniques are briefly presented. Inversion replaces the seismic signature by a blocky response, corresponding to acoustic and/or elastic impedance layering. It facilitates the interpretation of meaningful geological and petrophysical boundaries in the subsurface. Inversion increases the resolution of conventional seismics in many cases and puts the study of reservoir parameters at a different level. It results in optimised volumetrics, improved ranking of leads/ prospects, better delineation of drainage areas and identification of ‘sweet spots’ in field development studies (e.g. Veeken et al. 2002). The main steps in an inversion study are: ■ Quality control and pre-conditioning of the input data. ■ Well–to-seismic match, zero-phasing of data in zone of interest and extraction of the wavelet. ■ Running of the inversion algorithm with generation of acoustic or elastic impedance cubes and extraction of attributes. ■ Visualisation and interpretation of the results in terms of reservoir development. The inversion methods are either deterministic or probabilistic and the approach can be post- and/or pre-stack. Inversion schemes generally use migrated time data as basic input. The pre-stack method exploits AVO effects on migrated CDP gathers. There is a trade-off between method/cost/time and quality of inversion results. Feasibility studies with synthetic modelling are recommended before embarking on an inversion or AVO project (Da Silva et al., in prep.). The past track record has demonstrated the benefits of the seismic inversion method. However, it should be realised that the inversion procedure is not a unique process, i.e. there is no single solution to the given problem. Care should be taken when interpreting the inversion results. Adequate data preconditioning is a prerequisite for quantitative interpretation of the end results.
Solvent and Additive Effects on Olefin Metathesis (2015)

Solvent and additive effects can allow for the precise fine-tuning of an olefin metathesis reaction. Through choice of solvent, it is possible to augment initiation rates and the reactivity of catalysts to facilitate once-challenging transformations. Additives ranging from simple alcohols, ethylene and other olefins, halide salts, and Lewis-acids can all influence the outcome of olefin metathesis reactions.
A neural fuzzy system with linguistic teaching signals (1995)

A neural fuzzy system learning with linguistic teaching signals is proposed. This system is able to process and learn numerical information as well as linguistic information. It can be used either as an adaptive fuzzy expert system or as an adaptive fuzzy controller. First, we propose a five-layered neural network for the connectionist realization of a fuzzy inference system. The connectionist structure can house fuzzy logic rules and membership functions for fuzzy inference. We use /spl alpha/-level sets of fuzzy numbers to represent linguistic information. The inputs, outputs, and weights of the proposed network can be fuzzy numbers of any shape. Furthermore, they can be hybrid of fuzzy numbers and numerical numbers through the use of fuzzy singletons. Based on interval arithmetics, two kinds of learning schemes are developed for the proposed system: fuzzy supervised learning and fuzzy reinforcement learning. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance and applicability of the proposed system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rise of the Machines: Algorithmic Trading in the Foreign Exchange Market (2014)

ABSTRACT We study the impact of algorithmic trading (AT) in the foreign exchange market using a long time series of high‐frequency data that identify computer‐generated trading activity. We find that AT causes an improvement in two measures of price efficiency: the frequency of triangular arbitrage opportunities and the autocorrelation of high‐frequency returns. We show that the reduction in arbitrage opportunities is associated primarily with computers taking liquidity. This result is consistent with the view that AT improves informational efficiency by speeding up price discovery, but that it may also impose higher adverse selection costs on slower traders. In contrast, the reduction in the autocorrelation of returns owes more to the algorithmic provision of liquidity. We also find evidence consistent with the strategies of algorithmic traders being highly correlated. This correlation, however, does not appear to cause a degradation in market quality, at least not on average.
The Nicaraguan Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study: Incidence of Inapparent and Symptomatic Dengue Virus Infections, 2004–2010 (2013)

Dengue, caused by the four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV), is the most prevalent mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. To examine the incidence and transmission of dengue, the authors performed a prospective community-based cohort study in 5,545 children aged 2-14 years in Managua, Nicaragua, between 2004 and 2010. Children were provided with medical care through study physicians who systematically recorded medical consult data, and yearly blood samples were collected to evaluate DENV infection incidence. The incidence of dengue cases observed was 16.1 cases (range 3.4-43.5) per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 14.5, 17.8), and a pattern of high dengue case incidence every other year was observed. The incidence of DENV infections was 90.2 infections (range 45.2-105.3) per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 86.1, 94.5). The majority of DENV infections in young children (<6 years old) were primary (60%) and the majority of infections in older children (≥ 9 years of age) were secondary (82%), as expected. The incidence rate of second DENV infections (121.3 per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI: 102.7, 143.4) was significantly higher than the incidence rate of primary DENV infections (78.8 per 1,000 person-years; 95% CI: 73.2, 84.9). The rigorous analytic methodology used in this study, including incidence reporting in person-years, allows comparison across studies and across different infectious diseases. This study provides important information for understanding dengue epidemiology and informing dengue vaccine policy.
Taxonomy of computer forensics methodologies and procedures for digital evidence seizure. (2006)

The increase risk and incidence of computer misuse has raised awareness in public and private sectors of the need to develop defensive and offensives responses. Such increase in incidence of criminal, illegal and inappropriate computer behavior has resulted in organizations forming specialist teams to investigate these behaviors. There is now widespread recognition of the importance of specialised forensic computing investigation teams that are able to operate. Forensics analysis is the process of accurately documenting and interpreting information more precisely digital evidence for the presentation to an authoritative group and in most cases that group would be a court of law. At the level of practice these investigative skills extend beyond a methodological approach. The scope of this paper will compare the different methodologies and procedures in place for the gathering and acquisition of digital evidence and thus defining which model will be the most appropriate taxonomy for the electronic evidence in the computer forensics analysis phase.