gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Ki-ras mutations and DNA alkylation in colorectal tissue from individuals living in Manchester (1996)

Most human colorectal cancers arise through the accumulation of a series of genetic alterations such as point mutations within the Ki-ras and p53 genes, but the chemical carcinogens that may be implicated in these events are still unidentified. In a previous study, we showed that DNA from human colorectal tissue contained O6-methyldeoxyguanosine (O6-MedG), a promutagenic lesion arising from exposure to as yet unidentified methylating agents. To address whether such exposure may result in oncogene activation in human colorectal tumors, we examined another series of paired normal and tumor DNA samples from the lower intestinal tract for the presence of O6-MedG in DNA (as a marker of exposure) and for mutations within the Ki-ras gene. After isolation by high pressure liquid chromatography, O6-MedG was quantified by a radioimmunoassay with a limit of detection of 0.01 mumol O6-MedG/mol dG. The frequencies of methylation were 33%, 52%, and 48% for normal DNA and 58%, 32%, and 63% for tumor DNA isolated from the cecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum, respectively. Overall, 35% of the individuals had no detectable O6-MedG in the DNA from both their tumor and normal tissue. Ki-ras mutations were initially identified by a restriction site mutation assay and then sequenced to ascertain the mutations thus detected. The frequencies of mutations in tumor DNA isolated from the cecum, sigmoid colon, and rectum were 28%, 29%, and 42%, respectively. DNA isolated from macroscopically normal tissue was found to contain Ki-ras mutations in 14% of sigmoid colon samples and 12% of rectal samples. Most base mutations were in codon 12 (72%), and 64% were GC-->AT transitions: 28% and 8% were GC-->TA and CG-->CG transversions, respectively. All mutations were at the second base of either codon 12 or codon 13 except for a single GC-->TA transversion at the first base of codon 13 in a rectal tumor sample. There was no association between the presence of O6-MedG in DNA from either normal or tumor tissue or both normal and tumor tissue and the incidence of Ki-ras mutations or GC-->AT transitions in mutated Ki-ras genes. It remains to be determined, however, whether there is a relationship between methylating-agent exposure and Ki-ras mutations, as (i) the presence of O6-MedG in colorectal DNA in these samples may not represent the exposure when Ki-ras mutational activation was occurring (i.e., at some unknown time in the past), (ii) interindividual differences in repair-enzyme activity may alter susceptibility to a mutational event after exposure, (iii) the predominant mutagen in the colon and rectum may not be a methylating agent (e.g., nitric oxide), and (iv) exposure to methylating agents need not result in oncogene activation in human tissues but may perhaps promote the emergence of the mutator phenotype.
Communications (1988)

Sciendo provides publishing services and solutions to academic and professional organizations and individual authors. We publish journals, books, conference proceedings and a variety of other publications.
[Peroxidation components of sperm lipid membranes in male infertility]. (2001)

We have studied the lipid peroxidation product (malondiadehyde-MDA) levels after thiobarbituric acid reaction, spectrophotometrically and by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection in seminal plasma as well as in the cell fraction. Semen samples were obtained from healthy volunteers and infertile males. Ejaculates were previously classified into studied subgroups according to standard andrological criteria (sperm number, motility, morphology) and defined as: normozoospermia (K), azoospermia (Az), teratozoospermia (T), asthenoteratozoospermia (AT), oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) and idiopathic infertility (NIF). MDA is a good marker for lipid peroxidation. There were found elevated MDA concentrations (determined by HPLC) in seminal plasma of the all analysed pathological semen samples, especially in patients with OAT. The more pronounced differences between healthy controls and NIF patients were observed in intracellular compartment. The lipid peroxidation of rich in unsaturated fatty acids sperm membranes is considered to be one of the most important effects from ROS-induced cell damage what may lead to persistent infertility.
Plasmodium Sporozoite Interactions with Macrophages In Vitro: a Videomicroscopic Analysis (1990)

Studies of in vitro interactions between Plasmodium berghei sporozoites and peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats were performed. A videomicroscopic analysis was made of interactions observed by phase-contrast microscopy. Our results showed a diversity of dynamic interactions between sporozoites and macrophages that included no interaction, surface interaction without sporozoite interiorization, active sporozoite penetration, active penetration with subsequent sporozoite escape, macrophage destruction, and the formation of "tethers" or web-like structures by sporozoites that had actively invaded macrophages. Sporozoites are thus clearly capable of actively invading host macrophages and are not restricted to being phagocytosed for interiorization. The formation of "tethers" by the moving sporozoite might function in vivo by anchoring the sporozoite to the cells lining the lumen of the liver sinusoid. Active sporozoite motility appears to be a functional phenomenon involved in sporozoite invasion of host liver cells.
Theory of tunneling magnetoresistance in a junction with a nonmagnetic metallic interlayer (1999)

It is demonstrated by numerical evaluation of the real-space Kubo formula that the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) due to tunneling between two cobalt electrodes separated by a vacuum gap remains nonzero when one of the electrodes is covered with a copper layer. This contradicts the classical theory of tunneling that predicts zero TMR. It is shown that a nonzero TMR is due to quantum well states in the Cu layer that do not participate in transport. Since these only occur in the down-spin channel, their loss from transport creates a spin asymmetry of electrons tunneling from a Cu overlayer, i.e., nonzero TMR. This mechanism could provide an explanation of the observed nonzero TMR for junctions with Cu or Ag interlayers. A simple method for modifying the classical theory of tunneling so that it can describe correctly tunneling in the presence of quantum well states is proposed and implemented for the Co junction with a Cu interlayer.
Sarcomere length control in striated muscle (1982)

A system that makes control of muscle length (ML), sarcomere length (SL), and force (F) possible in striated muscle preparations is described. SL was measured by light diffraction techniques and two diffractometers. Control was performed by influencing ML with a penmotor system with a frequency response of 190 Hz. SL or F could be controlled by interrupting the internal position (i.e., ML) feedback of the motor and by closing the respective loop. Velocity feedback of the motor through an internal velocity coil was maintained in all cases for optimal damping. Steady-state error of the system was minimized by an integrating loop filter. The feedback path was selected by means of potentiometers or analog switches. Electronic stops in the circuit protected the muscle against excessive stretch and load. A microprocessor-based average-response computer could be used for feedforward control to eliminate noise or to analyze longitudinal uniformity of the muscle. Responses of rat cardiac trabeculae during SL and F control are shown. Transient behavior of SL and F during control and measures to eliminate the transients are discussed.
Evaluation of probiotic survivability in yogurt exposed to cold chain interruption. (2013)

In this research, the survival of probiotic microorganisms in yogurts stored at room temperature (cold chain interruption conditions) was studied. Milk inoculated with yogurt bacteria (mixed culture of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) and a single probiotic culture (L. acidophilus LA-5 or Bifidobacterium lactis Bb- 12 or L. rhamnosus HN001 or L. paracasei Lpc-37) were incubated till pH of 4.5 was reached. Probiotic yogurts were stored at two different temperatures including cold (control) and room temperatures (5 and 20°C, respectively). Changes in pH decrease, titratable acidity increase and redox potential increase as well as the viability of probiotics per 6 h intervals during an assumptive interrupted cold storage (24 h) were monitored. The survival of probiotics was strongly dependent on the storage temperature and remarkable viability loss occurred in room temperature compared to refrigerated storage. In addition, the survivability was dependent on probiotic strain. Among our experimental strains, B. lactis Bb-12 showed the less resistance to be stored at 20°C (24 h) and referring to the recommended minimum numbers of 10(7) cfu mL(-) (1), L. rhamnosus HN001 was the most suitable probiotic strain to be used in probiotic yogurts especially in countries having high possibility of cold chain interruption during storage.
Peripheral cellular and humoral responses to infestation with the cattle tick <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> in Santa Gertrudis cattle (2016)

Summary Resistance to cattle tick infestation in single‐host ticks is primarily manifested against the larval stage and results in the immature tick failing to attach successfully and obtain a meal. This study was conducted to identify immune responses that characterize the tick‐resistant phenotype in cattle. Thirty‐five tick‐naïve Santa Gertrudis heifers were used in this study, thirty of which were artificially infested for thirteen weeks with tick larvae while five animals remained at a tick‐free quarantine property to serve as a control group. Following thirteen weeks of tick infestation, the animals in this trial exhibited highly divergent tick‐resistant phenotypes. Blood samples collected throughout the trial were used to measure peripheral immune parameters: haematology, the percentage of cellular subsets comprising the peripheral blood mononuclear cell ( PBMC ) population, tick‐specific IgG 1 and IgG 2 antibody titres, IgG1 avidity for tick antigens and the ability of PBMC to recognize and proliferate in response to stimulation with tick antigens in vitro. The tick‐susceptible cattle developed significantly higher tick‐specific IgG 1 antibody titres compared to the tick‐resistant animals. These results suggest that the heightened antibody response either does not play a role in resistance or might contribute to increased susceptibility to infestation.
Photoperiod and Temperature Effects on Growth and Carbohydrate Storage in Southern Highbush Blueberry Interspecific Hybrid (2004)

Experiments were conducted with `Misty' southern highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum L. interspecific hybrid) to test the effects of high temperature on flower bud initiation and carbohydrate accumulation and partitioning. Plants were grown under inductive short days (SDs = 8 hour photoperiod) or noninductive SDs with night interrupt (SD-NI = 8 hour photoperiod + 1 hour night interrupt), at either 21 or 28 °C for either 4 or 8 weeks. Flower bud initiation occurred only in the inductive SD treatments and was significantly reduced at 28 °C compared with 21 °C. The number of flower buds initiated was not significantly different between 4- and 8-week durations within the inductive SD, 21 °C treatment. However, floral differentiation appeared to be incomplete in the 4-week duration buds and bloom was delayed and reduced. Although plant carbohydrate status was not associated with differences in flower bud initiation between SD and SD-NI treatments, within SD plants, decreased flower bud initiation at high temperature was correlated with decreased whole-plant carbohydrate concentration. These data indicate that flower bud initiation in southern highbush blueberry is a SD/long night phytochrome-mediated response, and plant carbohydrate status plays little, if any, role in regulating initiation under these experimental conditions.
An investigation of instability of phase morphology of blends of nylons with polyethylenes and polystyrenes and effects of compatibilizing agents (1988)

Abstract Investigations of instability of phase morphology of blends of nylons with polyethylenes and polystyrenes and the effects of “compatibilizing” additives or “agents” are described. Annealing coarsens the phase morphology of blends of nylons with polyethylenes and polystyrenes. Phase growth is observed for various periods of annealing time. The addition of compatibilizing agents, specifically maleic anhydride grafted polyolefins to polyethylene‐nylon blends and syrene‐maleic anhydride copolymers to polystyrene‐nylon blends, stabilize the phase dimensions. Styene‐maleic anhydride copolymer is found more effective than styrene acrylonitrile copolymer as a compatibilizing agent. The mechanisms of this behavior are critically discussed.
Gender and Workplace Relations: Introduction (2000)

The articles in this special edition of the Journal of Interdisciplinary Gender Studies come from a one-day Gender and Workplace Relations conference held on 1 February, 2000, in conjunction with the annual Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand (AIRAANZ) conference in Newcastle, New South Wales. We convened this one-day conference in an effort to raise the profile of questions to do with gender and industrial relations, employment relations, and management practices as these areas of inquiry have been slow to take account of gender issues in the analysis of workplace practices. While there are researchers in Australia, New Zealand and other countries who are working vigorously on such issues, there is still a pronounced tendency to sideline these issues and “quarantine” them in conferences under women’s or gender sessions. Indeed, these analyses are still largely the province of women researchers, a fact evidenced by the contributors to this volume and the participation at the Gender and Workplace Relations Conference itself with a majority of women present.
How patient educators help students to learn: An exploratory study (2016)

Patient educators use diverse teaching methods, drawing on both individualistic and social perspectives on learning. A peer-support model of training and support would help maintain the authenticity of patients as educators. The study highlights inadequacies of current learning theories to explain how patients help students learn.
Development of a miniature uniaxial pressure-acceleration probe for bioacoustic applications (2006)

The bioacoustics community has recently expressed an interest in using collocated measurements of the acoustic pressure and the particle velocity to categorize how certain species of marine life transmit and receive sound. For most applications the frequency range of interest spans from tens of hertz to a few kilohertz. Because the test specimens and the test facilities can be relatively small, a miniature pressure-acceleration (b−a) probe was developed. The probe conforms to the geometry of a cube having a principal side length of 31.75 mm (1.25 in.) and contains flexural mode piezoelectric transducers to measure the acoustic pressure and one component of the acoustic particle acceleration vector. The cube also houses a low-noise two-channel preamplifier and is compliantly suspended inside a light frame. This paper highlights the design evolution of a few prototypes and addresses issues associated with the electronic noise floor of the accelerometer, mechanical cross talk between the transducers, damping of the external suspension system and transducers, and the dynamics of the signal cable. [Work supported by Acoustech Corporation IR&D.]
Four channel multiwavelength source with individually addressable elements (1993)

An external cavity multiwavelength laser component is described, with a single monomode output fibre. Results are given for operation as a 2 nm spacing, four channel device, making it suitable as a source for WDM applications.
Optimum design of Er/sup 3+/-Yb/sup 3+/ codoped fibers for large-signal high-pump-power applications (1997)

A comprehensive numerical fiber amplifier model has been used to optimize Er/sup 3+/-Yb/sup 3+/ codoped active fiber for maximum gain and quantum conversion efficiency (QCE) at large signal operation. The optimum cutoff wavelength of the LP/sub 11/ mode has been found to increase from 800 mm at low pump powers (/spl ap/50 mW) to 1400 mn at pump powers higher than 500 mW. While at low pump powers fibers with higher numerical aperture give higher QCE, at high pump levels better large signal performance is achieved with fibers having lower numerical aperture.
Bangladesh (2009)

Bangladesh became an independent nation on 16 December 1971. Since then, the country has made impressive progress in some areas of economic development. Per capita income has more than tripled, human development has experienced remarkable progress, and the incidence of income and/or consumption poverty has nearly halved. But major challenges remain. Per capita income, which stands at $441, is low even by South Asian standards. Poverty is still rather high even though it has been declining. A number of human development indicators are still low even by standards of low-income economies. The development challenges for Bangladesh are quite daunting but by no means insurmountable.
DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF LAND-SHELLS FROM NEW GUINEA AND NEIGHBOURING ISLANDS (1897)

Mosr of the specimens about to be described form part of collections made by Mr. William Doherty in 1892. They have been placed in my hands for examination by our President, who has not had time to work them out himself. The whole collection contains thirty-three species in all, which are quoted in the following list, with the special locality, when known, of each.
ThumbRing (2016)

We propose an input device, ThumbRing, for items selection on head-mounted displays (HMDs) or smart glasses. ThumbRing is a ring with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) worn on the thumb to track the motion. By arranging an item to a finger segment, users touch and slide finger segments to select the items. To resist shake in mobile conditions such as walking, another IMU is attached to the back of the hand to compute relative angles between the hand and the thumb. Sliding and touching the segments with the thumb in the hand provide privacy, subtlety, natural haptic feedback and similar input area to smartphones. A pilot study is performed to obtain users' preference finger segments. We evaluate the performance of ThumbRing in different conditions and commitment approaches in a user study. The results show that accuracy are 92.3% and 89.7% in the sitting and walking conditions, respectively.
Androgen Receptor Function During Undernutrition (1994)

Hypothalamo-pituitary inhibition of reproductive function during undernutrition is well known, however, the physiological mechanisms leading to suppression of gonadotrophin secretion are not clear. A variety of studies have indicated that testicular negative feedback on LH secretion is enhanced during food restriction. To evaluate directly the suppression by endogenous androgens on hypothalamic GnRH pulse generator activity during food restriction and examine the mechanism underlying the increased testicular steroidal feedback, we examined (1) circulating bioactive LH (bLH) levels in response to selective cerebral androgen blockade by intraventricular administration of an androgen receptor antagonist (hydroxyflutamide, SCH 16423) and (2) the binding capacity and affinity of androgen receptors in medio-basal hypothalamus, pituitary and prostate during undernutrition of intact mature male rats. Hydroxyflutamide (20 micrograms in 10 microliters vehicle), but not vehicle alone, markedly increased bLH levels in both food restricted and ad-lib fed rats. However, the faster (geometric mean 11.4 vs 27.7 min) and greater (47.2 vs 21.9 ng/ml) increase in bLH level in food restricted compared with ad-lib fed controls demonstrates an enhanced sensitivity to blockade of androgenic negative feedback during undernutrition. Food restriction increased androgen receptor binding capacity in pituitary (3.36 vs 0.77 fmol/mg protein) but not in medio-basal hypothalamus or prostate while binding affinity was unchanged by undernutrition in all 3 tissues. These studies reveal that undernutrition both enhances tonic, androgen receptor-mediated feedback suppression of GnRH secretion and increases in pituitary (but not hypothalamic) androgen receptor numbers to cause inhibition of LH secretion.
Reproductive Phenology of Woody Species in a North Australian Tropical Savanna<sup>1</sup> (1999)

ABSTRACT Interspecific and interannual variation in reproductive phenology was quantified for 50 common species of trees and shrubs from a mesic savanna near Darwin, northern Australia. The presence of buds, flowers, and fruit was noted over a 30‐month period, from September 1992 to February 1995. Surveys were undertaken at monthly intervals for the less common species, and at bimonthly intervals for ten of the common trees and tall shrubs. The majority of species flowered each year at about the same time. There was no evidence of sub‐annual or continuous regimes of reproductive phenology. There was no supra‐annual carryover of seed‐bearing fruit in the canopy of any species. The peak flowering periods were the mid to late dry season (July–August) and the transition between the dry season and the wet season (October–November). The two dominant trees– Eucalyptus miniata and E, tetrodonta – flowered during the dry season, thereby providing resources for some elements of the vertebrate fauna. Flowering and fruiting were uncommon at the end of the wet season (February/March), although two species that flower and fruit at this time ( E. porrecta and Terminalia ferdinandiana s may provide resources to consumers at a time when floral or fruit resources are otherwise scarce. Because the peak of reproductive activity takes place during the late dry season, fruit maturity and seed dispersal have occurred prior to the onset of the rainy season for most species, and germination and seedling establishment potentially may take effect in response to the first rains. Late dry season fires, which tend to be extensive and intense, are a potential threat to the floral and fruit reserves within these savannas.
An architecture for high instruction level parallelism (2002)

High instruction level parallelism (ILP) can only be achieved when data flow and control flow constraints have been removed or reduced. Data flow constraints, not inherent in the original code, arise from lack of sufficient resources for initiation and execution of multiple instructions concurrently. Control flow, problems are caused by branches which force unpredictable changes in the sequential order of code execution. Removing these obstacles allows for the formation of larger basic blocks, resulting in higher ILP. The dataflow problems are reduced by increasing the number of functional units, registers, condition bits, by pipelining the functional units, and using nonblocking caches. The control flow problem is reduced by using techniques such as conditional execution, speculative execution, and software pipelining, leveraging hardware support. Thus, for high ILP, the processor architecture should include a very closely tied hardware and compiler architectures. An architecture that supports the above features, Software Scheduled SuperScalar, is presented in this paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>