gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NIR reflectance method to determine moisture content in food products (2008)

Moisture content (MC) is an important quality factor that is measured and monitored, at various stages of processing and storage, in the food industry. There are some commercial instruments available that use near infrared (NIR) radiation measurements to determine the moisture content of a variety of grain products, such as wheat and corn, with out the need of any sample grinding or preparation. However, to measure the MC of peanuts with these instruments the peanut kernels have to be chopped into smaller pieces and filled into the measuring cell. This is cumbersome, time consuming and destructive. An NIR reflectance method is presented here by which the average MC of about 100 g of whole kernels could be determined rapidly and nondestructively. The MC range of the peanut kernels tested was between 8% and 26%. Initially, NIR reflectance measurements were made at 1 nm intervals in the wave length range of 1000 nm to 1800 nm and the data was modeled using partial least squares regression (PLSR). The predicted values of the samples tested in the above range were compared with the values determined by the standard air-oven method. The predicted values agreed well with the air-oven values with an R2 value of 0.96 and a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.83. Using the PLSR beta coefficients, five key wavelengths were identified and using multiple linear regression (MLR) method MC predictions were made. The R2 and SEP values of the MLR model were 0.84 and 1.62, respectively. Both methods performed satisfactorily and being rapid, nondestructive, and non-contact, may be suitable for continuous monitoring of MC of grain and peanuts as they move on conveyor belts during their processing.
Multiple Intraluminal Electrical Impedancometry for Recording of Upper Gastrointestinal Motility: Current Results and Further Implications (1999)

This review focuses on current aspects of the novel technology of multiple intraluminal electrical impedance measurement. It presents methodological features, summarizes current results, and discusses potential implications for further research. The impedance technique assesses a bolus transport and its associated peristalsis. Validation studies showed a good analogy between physically deduced impedance characteristics and characteristics derived from cineradiography and manometry. From the impedance tracings, it is possible to distinguish between resting states, bolus transit, and wall contraction. Characteristics of a peristaltic wave can be obtained. In human studies, esophageal and small intestinal peristaltic patterns can quantitatively and qualitatively be assessed. A high resolution recording of bolus movements with interesting details of transport and mixing can be obtained. On the basis of several prior characterized impedance tracings duodenal contractile patterns have been classified, and the interdigestive and postprandial states characterized. For reflux evaluation the impedance technique was especially useful for the detection of nonacid gastroesophageal reflux, which is not detectable by pH monitoring. In summary, the main impact of the impedance technique is its capability to characterize esophageal and intestinal chyme transport. Important data on luminal chyme transport have been obtained. This technique is developing into an interesting investigative tool to complement standard techniques for study of upper GI motility, in particular for basic research.
The computational modelling of the kinetics of ascorbic acid palmitate hydrolysis by lipase considering diffusion (2011)

Abstract This paper presents mathematical and computational modelling of kinetics of a bioelectroanalytical system based on the interfacial action of hydrolytic enzyme. A system of non-linear differential equations with diffusion is used to describe the kinetics of Termomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) catalyzed hydrolysis of L-ascorbic acid palmitate (AAP). The system was solved numerically, and the kinetic prameters of AAP hydrolysis by the enzyme were determined. The experimental and modelling results show linear dependence of the rate of AAP hydrolysis on the TLL concentration. Complex dependence of the initial rate of bioelectrocatalytic current increase on the thickness of total diffusion layer (hydrodynamic diffusion layer plus thickness of dialysis membrane on the electrode surface) is also demonstrated and explained.
A Novel Water‐Soluble Tripodal Imidazolyl Ligand as a Model for the Tris(histidine) Motif of Zinc Enzymes: Nickel, Cobalt and Zinc Complexes and a Comparison with Metal Binding in Carbonic Anhydrase (2003)

Abstract Tris[2‐isopropylimidazol‐4(5)‐yl]phosphane (4‐TIP i Pr ), a novel model ligand for the tris(histidine) motif of many zinc enzymes, has been prepared. 4‐TIP i Pr is hydrolytically stable and soluble in protic solvents. It readily forms chloro‐ and nitratocobalt, ‐nickel and ‐zinc complexes in aqueous methanol. The crystal structures of the solvates [(4‐TIP i Pr )Co(MeOH)(NO 3 )]NO 3 ·2Et 2 O ( 3· 2Et 2 O), [(4‐TIP i Pr )Ni(MeOH)(NO 3 )]NO 3 ·Et 2 O·MeOH ( 4· Et 2 O·MeOH), [(4‐TIP i Pr )CoCl]Cl·MeOH·2.5H 2 O ( 5· MeOH·2.5H 2 O), and [(4‐TIP i Pr )ZnCl]Cl·MeOH·2.5H 2 O ( 6· MeOH·2.5H 2 O) have been determined. The complex 3 shows striking structural similarities to the hydrogencarbonate complex of cobalt‐substituted human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA II). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Pgc-1α Overexpression Downregulates Pitx3 and Increases Susceptibility to MPTP Toxicity Associated with Decreased Bdnf (2012)

Multiple mechanisms likely contribute to neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD), including mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) positively regulates the expression of genes required for mitochondrial biogenesis and the cell's antioxidant responses. Also, expression of PGC-1α-regulated genes is low in substantia nigra (SN) neurons in early PD. Thus upregulation of PGC-1α is a candidate neuroprotective strategy in PD. Here, an adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to induce unilateral overexpression of Pgc-1α, or a control gene, in the SN of wild-type C57BL/6CR mice. Three weeks after AAV administration, mice were treated with saline or MPTP. Overexpression of Pgc-1α in the SN induced expression of target genes, but unexpectedly it also greatly reduced the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) and other markers of the dopaminergic phenotype with resultant severe loss of striatal dopamine. Reduced Th expression was associated with loss of Pitx3, a transcription factor that is critical for the development and maintenance of dopaminergic cells. Expression of the neurotrophic factor Bdnf, which also is regulated by Pitx3, similarly was reduced. Overexpression of Pgc-1α also led to increased sensitivity to MPTP-induced death of Th+ neurons. Pgc-1α overexpression alone, in the absence of MPTP treatment, did not lead to cell loss in the SN or to loss of dopaminergic terminals. These data demonstrate that overexpression of Pgc-1α results in dopamine depletion associated with lower levels of Pitx3 and enhances susceptibility to MPTP. These data may have ramifications for neuroprotective strategies targeting overexpression of PGC-1α in PD.
Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Echinomycin on Murine Leukemia Cells (1996)

A number of anticancer-chemotherapeutic agents induce cell death through the process of apoptosis. Effects of echinomycin, an anticancer agent on cancer progression, were investigated in P388 murine leukemia cells. First, according to the results of cytotoxicity measurement. of echinomycin was 1.12 nM, a relatively lower value than the other examined anticancer agents, mitomycin-C and etoposide Second, the DNA fragmentation assay for echinomycin-treated cells exhibited that echinomycin was able to induce apoptosis in a shorter period of time and with a lower dose than mitomycin-C or etoposide. The data of DNA fragmentation were quite comparable to those of cytotoxicity measurement. Finally we showed that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, a key protein in cell mitosis, was translocated into the nucleus from the cytosol after treatment with echinomycin. These findings suggest that a MAP kinase-related process may be involved in apoptosis induced by echinomycin.
Arabidopsis and primary photosynthetic metabolism – more than the icing on the cake (2010)

Historically speaking, Arabidopsis was not the plant of choice for investigating photosynthesis, with physiologists and biochemists favouring other species such as Chlorella, spinach and pea. However, its inherent advantages for forward genetics rapidly led to its adoption for photosynthesis research. In the last ten years, the availability of the Arabidopsis genome sequence - still the gold-standard for plant genomes - and the rapid expansion of genetic and genomic resources have further increased its importance. Research in Arabidopsis has not only provided comprehensive information about the enzymes and other proteins involved in photosynthesis, but has also allowed transcriptional responses, protein levels and compartmentation to be analysed at a global level for the first time. Emerging technical and theoretical advances offer another leap forward in our understanding of post-translational regulation and the control of metabolism. To illustrate the impact of Arabidopsis, we provide a historical review of research in primary photosynthetic metabolism, highlighting the role of Arabidopsis in elucidation of the pathway of photorespiration and the regulation of RubisCO, as well as elucidation of the pathways of starch turnover and studies of the significance of starch for plant growth.
<title>Beyond the upper limit of holographic and speckle interferometry</title> (1998)

Holographic interferometry has the advantage of high sensitivity but at practical loads, the fringe systems get soon too dense to be observed conveniently. One special way of overcoming this problem is provided by the comparative methods. In the present paper, comparisons of deformations up to the millimeter region will be reported in difference holographic interferometry and an extension possibility to electronic speckle pattern interferometry will be demonstrated, too. The most direct approach would be to magnify the image to the required great extent and then build up the complete fringe system from the observed tiny parts. A practical method will be suggested here which alleviates this cumbersome procedure. In addition, if the very dense fringes are already washed away by the speckles -- some integration along the fringes proves to be of real help.
VEGF induces sensory and motor peripheral plasticity, alters bladder function, and promotes visceral sensitivity (2012)

For the first time, evidence is presented indicating that VEGF instillation into the mouse bladder promotes a significant increase in peripheral nerve density together with alterations in bladder function and visceral sensitivity. The VEGF pathway is being proposed as a key modulator of neural plasticity in the pelvis and enhanced VEGF content may be associated with visceral hyperalgesia, abdominal discomfort, and/or pelvic pain.
Dependence of Sodium Ion Mobility upon Melt Atmosphere in GeO <sub>2</sub> Glasses (1986)

Sodium ion mobilities in high‐purity GeO 2 glasses were examined for glasses melted under varying oxygen partial pressure. Increased oxygen partial pressure during melting increases the sodium ion mobility for glasses melted at the same temperature. This effect is attributed to the effect of oxygen partial pressure upon intrinsic defect concentrations within the glass.
Comparative Study of Natural and Synthetic Retinoids as Inhibitors of Arachidonic Acid Release and Metabolism in Rat Peritoneal Macrophages (1987)

The effect of several natural and synthetic retinoids on the release and metabolism of arachidonic acid (20:4) in rat peritoneal macrophages (M phi), stimulated in vitro by either Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (A23187), opsonized zymosan (OZ) or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), was investigated. With the exception of Ro 10-1670, the retinoids containing a free carboxylic acid group [i.e., all-trans-retinoic acid (all-trans-RA), 13-cis-RA, Ro 13-7652, Ro 12-7310 and Ro 13-7410] inhibited 20:4 metabolite formation in A23187- and OZ-stimulated Mø at 1-33 microM. However, only all-trans-RA, Ro 12-7310 and Ro 13-7410 inhibited the formation of 20:4 metabolites in TPA-stimulated Mø. These data suggest that part of the therapeutic effect of retinoids in inflammatory, hyperproliferative dermatologic conditions might be attributed to reduced 20:4 metabolite production.
Physical limitations on detecting tunnels using Underground Focusing Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar (2009)

This work studies the concept of Underground Focusing Spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar (UF-SL-SAR) systems for tunnel detection applications. A general formulation for generating UF-SL-SAR imaging in realistic, randomly rough ground is developed by focusing in space and frequency at subsurface points by considering rays refraction at the nominal ground surface. Imaging results are presented for two soil scenarios: dry sand and moist clay loam. It is demonstrated that the tunnel is successfully imaged only for the sand case.
Automatic Hair Detection in the Wild (2010)

This paper presents an algorithm for segmenting the hair region in uncontrolled, real life conditions images. Our method is based on a simple statistical hair shape model representing the upper hair part. We detect this region by minimizing an energy which uses active shape and active contour. The upper hair region then allows us to learn the hair appearance parameters (color and texture) for the image considered. Finally, those parameters drive a pixel-wise segmentation technique that yields the desired (complete) hair region. We demonstrate the applicability of our method on several real images.
Coexpression of  1,2 galactosyltransferase and UDP-galactose transporter efficiently galactosylates N- and O-glycans in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1999)

We have studied in vivo neo-galactosylation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and analyzed the critical factors involved in this system. Two heterologous genes, gma12(+) encoding alpha1, 2-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,2 GalT) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and UGT2 encoding UDP-galactose (UDP-Gal) transporter from human, were functionally expressed to examine the intracellular conditions required for galactosylation. Detection by fluorescence labeled alpha-galactose specific lectin revealed that 50% of the cells incorporated galactose to cell surface mannoproteins only when the gma12(+) and hUGT2 genes were coexpressed in galactose media. Integration of both genes in the Delta mnn1 background cells increased galactosylation to 80% of the cells. Correlation between cell surface galactosylation and UDP-galactose transport activity indicated that an exogenous supply of UDP-Gal transporter rather than alpha1,2 GalT played a key role for efficient galactosylation in S.cerevisiae. In addition, this heterologous system enabled us to study the in vivo function of S. pombe alpha1,2 GalT to prove that it transfers galactose to both N - and O -linked oligosaccharides. Structural analysis indicated that this enzyme transfers galactose to O -mannosyl residue attached to polypeptides and produces Galalpha1,2-Man1-O-Ser/Thr structure. Thus, we have successfully generated a system for efficient galactose incorporation which is originally absent in S. cerevisiae, suggesting further possibilities for in vivo glycan remodeling toward therapeutically useful galactose containing heterologous proteins in S. cerevisiae.
Mood and cognitive effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in post-stroke depression (2011)

Depression following stroke (PSD) affects up to 33% of patients and is associated with increased mortality. Antidepressant drugs have several side effects; therefore novel treatments are needed. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has induced mood and cognitive gain in several neuropsychiatric conditions but has not been tested for PSD to date. Here, we report a patient with significant mood and cognitive impairment who showed marked amelioration of these symptoms following anodal stimulation (2 mA per 30 minutes per 10 days) over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. We discuss the possible mechanisms of tDCS in improving PSD. This initial preliminary data is useful to encourage further controlled trials on the field.
A compact three port power divider with tunable power ratio (2012)

Abstract This article presents a novel method for the design of tunable and miniaturized power dividers.It is based on three impedance transformers and requires a single bias voltage command, instead of three commands needed for more classical designs. This single voltage simplifies the power divider in terms of design and use. For a proof‐of‐concept, a power divider with a 950 MHz working frequency has been designed, with two output varactors tuning the power repartition through the two output ports. Thanks to the developed approach, the miniaturization ratio between our power divider and the Wilkinson one is equal to 75.5% at 950 MHz. Measurements show a wide tunable power ratio between the two output ports (1:3.4), a very good matching in the pass band (return loss better than 16 dB), low insertion loss (0.6 dB), and a tunable bandwidth of ±15%. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:357–363, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27297
Crystallization and crystallographic study of pig liver NADH-cytochrome<i>b</i><sub>5</sub>reductase (1987)

Fab NQlO, derived from a murine monoclonal antiphenyloxazolone antibody crystallizes in the space group C2 with a = 119.2;b = 78.3,c = 86.0A, 1:1 = 137.5°.The VH gene encoding most of the VH domain of this antibody is closely related to the corresponding gene of the anti-lysozyme Dl.3.However, the light polypeptide chain of NQlO is unrelated to that of Dl.3.
Further Considerations in Correlating in Vitro - In Vivo Data Employing Mean-Time Concept Based on Statistical Moments (1988)

Dissolution of a dosage form in vivo is often the rate-limiting factor determining the bioavailability and subsequently the therapeutic response. If a good correlation exists between an in vitro dissolution parameter and some bioavailabilty parameter, then monitoring of dissolution profile should permit the prediction of bioavailability.The concept of Mean Residence Time based on statistical moments provides one method for correlating in vitro - in vivo data. The exemplification of this approach involving urinary excretion data is relatively straight forward. For plasma drug concentration-time data, however, this may not be the case realistically. This paper sets forth the mechanics of correlating in vitro data with bioavailability data employing both urinary excretion data as well as plasma data.
Evaluation of the pharmacological activities of RAD1901, a selective estrogen receptor degrader (2015)

Endocrine therapy, using tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor, remains a first-line treatment for estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) positive breast cancer. However, tumor resistance limits the duration of response. The clinical efficacy of fulvestrant, a selective ER degrader (SERD) that triggers receptor degradation, has confirmed that ESR1 often remains engaged in endocrine therapy resistant cancers. Recently developed, selective ER modulators (SERMs)/SERD hybrids (SSHs) that facilitate ESR1 degradation in breast cancer cells and reproductive tissues have been advanced as an alternative treatment for advanced breast cancer, particularly in the metastatic setting. RAD1901 is one SSH currently being evaluated clinically that is unique among ESR1 modulators in that it readily enters the brain, a common site of breast cancer metastasis. In this study, RAD1901 inhibited estrogen activation of ESR1 in vitro and in vivo, inhibited estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth, and mediated dose-dependent downregulation of ESR1 protein. However, doses of RAD1901 insufficient to induce ESR1 degradation were shown to result in the activation of ESR1 target genes and in the stimulation of xenograft tumor growth. RAD1901 is an SSH that exhibits complex pharmacology in breast cancer models, having dose-dependent agonist/antagonist activity displayed in a tissue-selective manner. It remains unclear how this unique pharmacology will impact the utility of RAD1901 for breast cancer treatment. However, being the only SERD currently known to access the brain, RAD1901 merits evaluation as a targeted therapy for the treatment of breast cancer brain metastases.
The Genetic Architecture of the Behavioral Ontogeny of Foraging in Honeybee Workers (2004)

The initiation of foraging during the life course of honeybee workers is of central interest to understanding the division of labor in social insects, a central theme in sociobiology and behavioral research. It also provides one of the most complex phenotypic traits in biological systems because of the interaction of various external, social, and individual factors. This study reports on a comprehensive investigation of the genetic architecture of the age of foraging initiation in honeybees. It comprises an estimation of genetic variation, the study of candidate loci, and two complementary quantitative trait loci (QTL) maps using two selected, continually bred lines of honeybees. We conclude that considerable genetic variation exists between the selected lines for this central life history component. The study reveals direct pleiotropic and epistatic effects of candidate loci (including previously identified QTL for foraging behavior). Furthermore, two maps of the honeybee genome were constructed from over 400 AFLP markers. Both maps confirm the extraordinary recombinational size of the honeybee genome. On the basis of these maps, we report four new significant QTL and two more suggestive QTL that influence the initiation of foraging.
Le Traité du poème héroïque du P. Le Moyne et la Discertatio peripatetica de epico carmine du P. Mambrun : opposition ou apposition ? (1986)

Bosco Gabriella. Le Traité du poème héroïque du P. Le Moyne et la Discertatio peripatetica de epico carmine du P. Mambrun : opposition ou apposition ?. In: Cahiers de la littérature du XVIIe siècle, n°8, 1986. Méthodologies. pp. 265-283.