gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokine response and morphologic characterization of chicken bone-marrow derived dendritic cells during infection with high and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses. (P6355) (2013)

Abstract Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system that function to initiate primary immune responses. They are specialized at capturing and processing antigen for immune presentation. Infection of chickens with avian influenza can result in a wide range of clinical disease, depending if the virus is of low or high pathogenicity. Low pathogenic avian influenza viruses typically induce mild clinical signs, whereas highly pathogenic avian influenza can result in death within days. In these studies, chicken dendritic cells were co-cultured with high and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of H5 and H7 subtypes to determine the innate immune response, effect on cell morphology, and examine viral growth. A strong proinflammatory response, including interleukin-1β, and stimulation of the interferon response pathway was observed at 8 hours post infection. Microscopically, the dendritic cells altered their appearance after influenza infection to a rounded shape, and eventually died, most likely through apoptosis. Differences in onset of morphologic changes were observed between H5 and H7 influenza subtypes. Increases in viral titers demonstrated that both pathotypes of influenza could replicate in dendritic cells. The increased activation following infection may be indicative of dysregulation of the immune response typically seen with high pathogenic avian influenza infection.
COST: Circuit Optimization SysTem in ASIC library development environment (1999)

Increased focus on high performance circuit design and shorter development cycle time for ASIC libraries, are driving the need for automatic circuit optimizers in the ASIC library development environment. High performance input/output circuits are the key differentiator cells in the ASIC library market. Automating the design process of these circuits using an optimizer, not only ensures high performance cells but also provides faster design cycle. COST has been used to optimize cells in the development of many ASIC libraries. In this paper we have described the essential components of the COST optimization system and presented a method for optimizing I/O circuits. We have compared the performance of the two cost function heuristics implemented in our optimization system on ASIC input/output circuits.
Carbohydrate Phosphinites as Practical Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis:  Electronic Effects and Dependence of Backbone Chirality in Rh-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenations. Synthesis of <i>R</i>- or <i>S</i>-Amino Acids Using Natural Sugars as Ligand Precursors (1997)

Vicinal diarylphosphinites derived from carbohydrates are excellent ligands for the Rh(I)-catalyzed enantioselective asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydroamino acid derivatives, producing the highest enantioselectivity of any ligands directly prepared from natural products. The enantioselectivity can be enhanced by the appropriate choice of substituents on the aromatic rings of the phosphinites. For example, the use of phosphinites with electron-donating bis(3,5-dimethylphenyl) groups on phosphorus provides ee's up to 99% for a wide range of amino acids including some with easily removable N-protecting groups. Electron-withdrawing aryl substituents, on the other hand, decrease the enantioselectivity. Sense of chiral induction in the amino acid product depends on the relative juxtaposition of the vicinal diphosphinites on a given sugar backbone. When readily available d-glucopyranosides are used as the starting sugars, 2,3-phosphinites give the S-amino acids and 3,4-phosphinites give the R-amino acids. In the case of aromatic and heteroaromatic amino acids, enantioselectivities > 95% are consistently obtained. Practical considerations such as the ease of ligand synthesis, rates of reactions, catalyst turnover, and scope and limitations in terms of substrates are discussed. A possible explanation for the enhancement of enantioselectivity by electron-rich phosphinites is offered.
A search for very high energy<i>γ</i>-ray emission from the starburst galaxy NGC 253 with HESS (2005)

We present the result of 28 h of observations of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 with the HESS detector in 2003. We find no evidence for very high energy -ray emission from this object. Gamma-ray emission above 400 GeV from NGC 253 had been reported by the CANGAROO collaboration in 2002. From the HESS data we derive upper limits on the flux above 300 GeV of 1.9 10 -12 photons cm -2 s -1 for a point-like source and 6.3 10 -12 photons cm -2 s -1 for a source of radius 0.5 as reported by CANGAROO, both at a confidence level of 99%. These upper limits are inconsistent with the spectrum reported by CANGAROO. The expected very high energy -ray emission from this object is discussed in the framework of a galactic wind propagation model.
The Magnesium-Hydrogen System<sup>1-3</sup> (1960)

The motivating factor for this investigation of the magnesium-hydrogen system was the recent interest in the hydride of beryllium. Although beryllium hydride has been prepared by the pyrolysis of di-t-butylberyllium, no evidence for the direct union of beryllium and hydrogen has been reported. It was thought that an examination of the reaction between magnesium and hydrogen and determination of the thermodynamic relations involved might have a bearing on this phenomenon. Also, the properties of magnesium hydride are interesting from an over-all periodic table viewpoint. The hydrides of beryllium and magnesium are usually considered to be intermediary between the saline, or ionic hydrides, and the metallic, or interstitial ones. It has been proposed that the structure of magnesium hydride might contain hydrogen bridges similar to those in the hydrides of boron and aluminium Although the physical properties have already been catalogued, this work has extended the data to higher pressures and temperatures.
DBT path selection for holistic memory efficiency and performance (2010)

Dynamic binary translators(DBTs) provide powerful platforms for building dynamic program monitoring and adaptation tools. DBTs, however, have high memory demands because they cache translated code and auxiliary code to a software code cache and must also maintain data structures to support the code cache. The high memory demands make it difficult for memory-constrained embedded systems to take advantage of DBT-based tools. Previous research on DBT memory management focused on the translated code and auxiliary code only. However, we found that data structures are comparable to the code cache in size. We show that the translated code size, auxiliary code size and the data structure size interact in a complex manner, depending on the path selection (trace selection and link formation) strategy. Therefore, holistic memory efficiency (comprising translated code, auxiliary code and data structures) cannot be improved by focusing on the code cache only. In this paper, we use path selection for improving holistic memory efficiency which in turn impacts performance in memory-constrained environments. Although there has been previous research on path selection, such research only considered performance in memory-unconstrained environments.
Design, metaprojeto e a importância da visão (2012)

In the European context today there are many reasons to rethink and re-design didactic activities. Design education in particular seems to be at the core of European Union goals: (i) the EU underlines, in several recent documents 1 , the importance of research and educating future researchers, (ii) there is a continuous stress and promotion of interdisciplinary approaches and of internationalization to maintain and improve the higher education level and strengthen its competitiveness. Within our institution there is an educational model based on the so-called Research and didactic units, between which there is a virtuous circle. Starting from the virtuous circle between research and education and the importance of creativity in design activities the paper will explore the importance of a metacognitive approach and the central role of envisioning activities.
A Novel Direct Torque Control Method of PM Synchronous Motors (2007)

Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique is a fast, simple, and robust control method, which is not dependent to the parameters of the motor and environmental variations. Its drawbacks are variable switching frequency and high torque ripple. In this paper a new control technique is presented which provides a constant switching frequency and reduces the torque ripple comparing with conventional DTC methods. The fundamental equations of permanent magnet synchronous motors and condensational DTC method are explained. The proposed control technique is introduced and its limitations are discussed. A sensorless technique for rotor position detection and implementation of the new control method is also discussed. Experimental results of the proposed system are provided to show its viability and advantages over the conventional method.
Fluorescent probes of electrostatic potential 1 nm from the membrane surface (1988)

We measured the electrostatic potential 1 nm from the surface of charged phospholipid bilayer membranes to test the predictions of the Gouy-Chapman theory. Fluorescent probes (anthraniloyl, 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl, Lucifer yellow) were attached covalently to the sialic acid residue of the ganglioside galactosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl(N-acetylneuraminyl)galactosylglucosylc eramide (GM1). These fluorescent gangliosides were incorporated into neutral [phosphatidylcholine (PC)] or charged [phosphatidylserine (PS)] phospholipid bilayers, and the fluorescence was quenched with the cations thallium and 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (tempamine). We calculated the electrostatic potential at the chromophore from the quenching ratio using the Boltzmann relation: the average potential was -30 mV for PS bilayers in 0.1 M NaNO3. We assume the chromophore is 1 nm from the surface because X-ray diffraction measurements demonstrate that the sialic acid residue of GM1 is 1 nm from the surface of a PC/GM1 bilayer [McDaniel, R. V., & McIntosh, T. J. (1986) Biophys. J. 49, 94-96]. We also used thallium and tempamine to quench the fluorescence of chromophores located at the surface of the PS membranes; in 0.1 M NaNO3 the average surface potential was -80 mV, which agrees with other measurements. The Gouy-Chapman theory predicts that the potential 1 nm from a membrane with a surface potential of -80 mV is -24 mV; this prediction agrees qualitatively with the experimental results obtained with fluorescent gangliosides.
Abstract 4457: In Search of a novel EPO receptor: The clinical significance of the Eph connection (2011)

Abstract Background: Treatment of chemotherapy-induced anemia with recombinant human erythropoietin (Epo) has been shown to reduce transfusion requirements and improve quality of life among patients with solid malignancies. Recent reports of negative outcomes among cancer patients receiving Epo raises the concern that Epo may promote tumor growth. Given the uncertain relevance of the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) in mediating the tumor growth stimulatory effects of Epo, we identified Ephrin B4 (EphB4) as a novel alternate receptor for Epo. The current work tests if the clinical impact of Epo administration on prognosis was receptor-dependent in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize receptor expression in 175 invasive epithelial ovarian cancers. An H-score characterizing EpoR and EphB4 expression was calculated for each clinical sample. Slides were scored by a gynecologic pathologist blinded to the clinical outcome. Clinical data was extracted and 5 year disease specific survival was calculated and correlated with degree of receptor expression as well as Epo administration. Results: The mean age of patients was 58.2 (range 20-92). Eighty-five percent of patients had serous histology and 91% had high grade tumors. Ninety-six percent of patients had stage II-IV disease and 67% underwent optimal cytoreduction (defined as &lt;1cm residual disease). EpoR overexpression was noted in 79% of tumors and EphB4 overexpression was seen in 39%. Multivariate analysis revealed EphB4, but not EpoR overexpression to be an independent predictor of poor survival (HR 4.53 [95% CI 2.87-7.16], p&lt;0.001 vs. HR 1.21 [95% CI 0.72-2.02], p=0.47). Kaplan-Meier analyses indicate that high EphB4 was related to high mortality rate (3 years vs. 6.69 years, p&lt;0.0001), but EpoR overexpression was not (4.78 years vs. 5.88 years, p=0.64). Additionally, Epo treatment was related to higher mortality among patients with EphB4 overexpressing tumors (2.18 years vs. 4.52 years, p=0.0004), but not patients with high tumoral levels of EpoR (4.38 years vs. 5.28 years, p=0.19). Conclusions: We identify EphB4 as a novel Epo receptor. Tumor overexpression of EphB4, and not EpoR, is associated with poor survival among patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Epo treatment among patients with EphB4 overexpressing tumors results in decreased disease-specific patient survival. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4457. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4457
Zero-order and first-order theory of the formation of space-charge gratings in photoconductive polymers (1992)

When a photoconducting polymer is illuminated by light with an intensity that varies sinusoidally with position, the space-charge electric field, hole density, ionized photosensitizer density, hole trap density, and other properties, will also vary with position. We derive an expression for the zero-order Fourier component of the hole density and a linear system of equations for the first-order Fourier component of a number of variables. The system of equations is solved for the steady-state first-order Fourier component of the electric field for the case in which hole untrapping is negligible or no hole traps are present. Next, the equations are simplified for the case in which the initial trap density is far greater than the density of holes, and for the case of no hole traps. Finally, we compare the zero-order hole density and first-order electric field calculated from our equations to values obtained by Fourier transforming the results of numerical calculations.
Geometry Optimization of Nanopatch Semiconductor Lasers: the Trade-off between Quality Factor and Gain (2012)

In this work we present a design optimization of the nanopatch semiconductor laser. Geometry parameters are optimized for the best combination of quality factor (photonic lifetime) and stimulated emission (gain).
Hybrid dibismuthines and distibines as ligands towards transition metal carbonyls (2011)

The hybrid dibismuthines O(CH(2)CH(2)BiPh(2))(2) and MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)BiPh(2))(2) react with [M(CO)(5)(thf)] (M = Cr or W) to form [{M(CO)(5)}(2){O(CH(2)CH(2)BiPh(2))(2)}] and [{Cr(CO)(5)}(2){MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)BiPh(2))(2)}] containing bridging bidentate (Bi(2)) coordination. The unsymmetrical tertiary bismuthine complexes [M(CO)(5){BiPh(2)(o-C(6)H(4)OMe)}] are also described. Depending upon the molar ratio, the hybrid distibines O(CH(2)CH(2)SbMe(2))(2) and MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2) react with [M(CO)(5)(thf)] to give the pentacarbonyl complexes [{M(CO)(5)}(2){O(CH(2)CH(2)SbMe(2))(2)}] and [{Cr(CO)(5)}(2){MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}] or tetracarbonyls cis-[M(CO)(4){O(CH(2)CH(2)SbMe(2))(2)}] and cis-[M(CO)(4){MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}]. The latter can also be obtained from [Cr(CO)(4)(nbd)] or [W(CO)(4)(pip)(2)], and contain chelating bidentates (Sb(2)-coordinated) as determined crystallographically. S(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2) coordinates as a tridentate (SSb(2)) in fac-[M(CO)(3){S(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}] (M = Cr or Mo) and fac-[Mn(CO)(3){S(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}][CF(3)SO(3)]. Fac-[Mn(CO)(3){MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}][CF(3)SO(3)] contains NSb(2)-coordinated ligand in the solid state, but in solution a second species, Sb(2)-coordinated and with a κ(1)-CF(3)SO(3) replacing the coordinated amine is also evident. X-ray crystal structures were also determined for fac-[Cr(CO)(3){S(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}], fac-[Mn(CO)(3){S(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}][CF(3)SO(3)] and fac-[Mn(CO)(3){MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}] [CF(3)SO(3)]. Hypervalent N···Sb interactions are present in cis-[M(CO)(4){MeN(CH(2)-2-C(6)H(4)SbMe(2))(2)}] (M = Mo or W), but absent for M = Cr.
Control hipotalámico de las interacciones neuroendocrinas (2013)

El hipotálamo juega en los mamíferos superiores un papel central en la integración de funciones vitales como la regulación del metabolismo energético global, la saciedad y el hambre, el control de la presión sanguínea y la temperatura corporal, la sed, hidratación y metabolismo salino del organismo, y las funciones testiculares y ováricas, entre otras. Muchas de estas funciones neuroendocrinas se realizan mediante el control del funcionamiento de la hipófisis, utilizando un complejo sistema de retroalimentación que modula la secreción de una gran variedad de hormonas hipofisarias con efectos sistémicos de vital importancia, incluyendo las hormonas tiroideas o la hormona del crecimiento, entre otras. El hipotálamo consta de aproximadamente una docena de subestructuras, conocidas como núcleos hipotalámicos, que se encargan de controlar los diversos procesos. Hasta muy recientemente no ha sido posible evaluar la función hipotalámica directamente in vivo, un aspecto que se resolvía mediante procedimientos indirectos como la determinación de cambios en el peso corporal, eliminación de líquidos, alteraciones en la termorregulación o desequilibrios en el perfil de hormonas en sangre. En esta revisión describiremos toda una nueva serie de métodos de imagen no invasiva para la evaluación directa de la función hipotalámica y su impacto potencial en nuestro conocimiento actual de la regulación de las interacciones neuroendocrinas, con especial referencia a la regulación hipotalámica del apetito in vivo.
CORROSION RESISTANCE OF PVD COATED Fe-Nd-B MAGNETS (1988)

Fe-Nd-B magnets were prepared by the powder metallurgical process. The magnets were coated with TiN or ZrN by using the reactive triode ion plating technique in order to improve the corrosion resistance. The special purpose of the present work was to combine the coating process with the heat treatment of the magnets. Magnetic and corrosion properties of the coated magnets are reported in the present study.
Josephson Tunneling Barriers by rf Sputter Etching in an Oxygen Plasma (1972)

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Energy transfer from a homopolar generator to a single turn coil toroidal field magnet (1990)

Summary form only given. The designs of busbars and switches for efficiently transferring energy to the IGNITEX single-turn tokamak and to the IGNITEX Technology Demonstrator (ITD) are presented. Unlike the full-scale IGNITEX, the ITD experiment requires fast closing switches. A coaxial switch is integrated into a coaxial/flat-plate transition in each busbar. The switch operates when an explosive cord propels an expendable copper throw ring. The throw ring lodges into an annular gap between two copper catch rings. transferring current to the TF (toroidal field) coil. The busbar conceptual design of the full-scale IGNITEX experiment is discussed. A goal of the design is to minimize the system's energy requirements. Resistive losses are reduced by locating the generators in close proximity to the experiment and by precooling the conductors to liquid-nitrogen temperature. The outer radius of the containment's primary shielding indicates a length of 6 m for each TF-coil busbar. The inductance of multimegampere busbars is reduced by laminating multiple conductors, alternating polarities as they are stacked. Laminating reduces the bus inductance proportionate to the number of laminations
Metathesis of heterocycles (1977)

The perchlorinated aromatic nitrogen heterocycles undergo metathesis and approach equilibrium compositions at ca. 600°C in 3 h according to the equation 1,3,5-C3Cl3N3+ C6Cl6⇌ C4Cl4N2+ C5Cl5N; C4Cl4N2 consists of an equilibrium mixture of tetrachloropyrimidine and tetrachloropyrazine which interconvert by way of their cyanogen chloride Diels–Alder adducts.
Image quality and attenuation values of multidetector CT coronary angiography using high iodine-concentration contrast material: a comparison of the use of iopromide 370 and iomeprol 400 (2010)

The attenuation values in the coronary arteries after injection of the same amount of two high iodine-concentration contrast materials at the same flow rate with different iodine fluxes are similar with no difference in image quality. With standardization for an iodine flux, the attenuation is significantly higher when using iopromide 370.
Wideband electrical characterization and modeling of plastic packaging materials (2002)

Summary form only given. The paper presents the efforts performed in the areas of package modeling, and package and material (molding compound) characterization at RF/microwave frequencies. At high frequencies, material properties and properties of signal lines/interconnects are equally important. As such, the presented efforts dealt with material (molding compound) characterization of lead frames and bond wire. While the microwave characterization of the molding compounds performed in this study over a wideband of frequencies can be utilized in a variety of the plastic package structures, the objective of the model development was to develop an electrical model of 16 lead SOIC plastic packages, that gained lately a great popularity for packaging wireless RFICs. The models developed and used will be discussed along with experimental results. In this work, discussion of the techniques validation, the accuracy, the repeatability, and the variability will be conducted. For dielectric materials, such as plastic molding compounds used in RF/microwave packages, their electrical properties can be described by their relative dielectric constant and loss tangent. To measure these properties at microwave frequencies, the two most commonly used techniques are the resonant technique and the transmission line technique. In this paper, both techniques are used to characterize the dielectric properties of the plastic molding compounds. Two measurements techniques, the HP coaxial probe and the stripline resonator were used to characterize the material properties. Several issues related to these techniques will be described.
Tomato paste rich in lycopene protects against cutaneous photodamage in humans in vivo: a randomized controlled trial (2010)

Tomato paste containing lycopene provides protection against acute and potentially longer-term aspects of photodamage.
A non-dairy probiotic's (poi) influence on changing the gastrointestinal tract's microflora environment. (2005)

Poi consumption did not significantly alter total or individual bacterial counts in the human gastrointestinal tract. Further research might determine if "sour poi" (3-4 days old) has a greater affect than "fresh poi" (1-2 days old) as a potential probiotic, and a larger trial with longer diet durations may detect more subtle effects of poi consumption on bacterial counts.