gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Candidate biomarkers for cervical cancer treatment: Potential for clinical practice (Review) (2014)

Cervical cancer ranks high among the causes of female cancer mortalities and is an important disease in developing and developed countries. Current diagnosis of cervical cancer depends on colposcopy, pathological diagnosis and preoperative diagnosis using methods, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Advanced cervical cancer has a poor prognosis. The tumor marker squamous cell carcinoma is conventionally used for screening, but recent studies have revealed the mechanisms of carcinogenesis and the factors associated with a poor prognosis in cervical cancer. These include epigenetic biomarkers, with the methylation level of the checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger gene being potentially useful for predicting the malignancy of cervical cancer and sensitivity to treatment with paclitaxel. The extent of methylation of the Werner DNA helicase gene is also useful for determining sensitivity to an anticancer agent, CPT-11. In addition to epigenetic changes, the expression levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α subunit, epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 have been reported as possible biomarkers in cervical cancer. Novel prognostic factors, including angiogenic factors, fragile histidine triad, thymidylate synthase, glucose-related protein 58 and mucin antigens, have also been described, and hemoglobin and platelets may also be significant prognostic biomarkers. Utilization of these biomarkers may facilitate personalized treatment and improved outcomes in cervical cancer.
Laguerre-Based Bandlimited Reduced-Order Modeling (2004)

A new bandlimited Laguerre basis for application to reduced-order modeling (ROM) is proposed. It is derived from the original Laguerre basis by means of a judiciously chosen rational frequency transformation, shown to be orthonormal over a narrow-band frequency interval. By means of projecting the original transfer function onto this bandlimited Laguerre basis, we obtain a new ROM technique, which does not belong to the class of Krylov methods, but to the rather more general family of projection techniques. Pertinent features of the new method are the reduction in computational effort, the fact that a more efficient ROM approach is obtained by focusing on a frequency band at a time and the better extrapolation power of the new method, as compared to previous methods. The feasibility of the new method is illustrated by means of three examples.
Aberrant Sensory Innervation of the Olfactory Bulb in Neuropilin-2 Mutant Mice (2002)

The mammalian olfactory system consists of two anatomically segregated structures, the main olfactory system and the vomeronasal system, which each detect distinct types of chemical stimuli in the environment. During development, sensory neurons establish precise axonal connections with their respective targets within the olfactory bulb. The specificity of the odorant or vomeronasal receptor expressed by the sensory neuron is crucial in this process, yet it is less clear which of the more conventional axon guidance molecules are involved. Here, we show that neuropilin-2, a coreceptor for some of the class 3 semaphorins, is expressed in subpopulations of olfactory and vomeronasal sensory neurons. We generated a knock-out mutation in the neuropilin-2 gene by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Neuropilin-2 mutant mice exhibit profound and distinct effects on target innervation within the olfactory bulb. In the main olfactory system, axons of olfactory sensory neurons penetrate into the deeper layers of the main olfactory bulb. In the vomeronasal system, axonal fasciculation within the vomeronasal nerve is affected; some axons are misrouted and innervate glomeruli in an ectopic domain of the accessory olfactory bulb.
Water and its anomalies in perspective: tetrahedral liquids with and without liquid–liquid phase transitions (2000)

We show how water with its small proton bridge between tetrahedrally coordinated oxygen centers, forms a provocative series with (i) the archetypal glassformer and strong liquid, SiO2, (ii) the analog ionic compound BeF2 in which the Be ions are bridged by fluoride ions, and (iii) elemental Si with no bridge at all. As the size of the bridging unit decreases from the polarizable oxide of silica through the unpolarizable fluoride of BeF2, the tiny proton of water, and finally vanishes at silicon, the constraints on the network tighten. As the constraints become more severe, the departures from simple activated diffusion behavior of SiO2 during heating of the amorphous phase at ambient pressure, become more pronounced. In the case of Si, the extreme of a first-order transition from strong to extremely fragile liquid state is manifested in the supercooled regime. With water the behavior is intermediate. In both cases the anomalous regime is located in the supercooled state which greatly complicates its investigation and leads to much controversy. In the case of BeF2, for which the exceptional viscosity behavior can now be understood, new MD results show that a weakened form of the anomalies exists. The weakened anomaly should be observable in detail in experimentally accessible ambient pressure conditions, because now it occurs in the thermodynamically stable domain, at temperatures which lie above those studied to date. The observable anomalies should include not only a density maximum but also a density minimum, and a smeared lambda type heat capacity anomaly. In view of the phase diagrams deduced for various water models, our observations suggest that the second critical point scenario proposed for water, if correct, might be observable under thermodynamically stable conditions at high pressures in the case of BeF2. In the cases of water and Si, in which the interaction potentials cause the critical point to lie at relatively low or negative pressures, respectively, the glassy state proves to have unusual properties intermediate between those of normal glasses and crystals. It is suggested that such glasses, which will include many Si analogs such as Ge, InSb, etc, might constitute a distinct class of amorphous material with the attributes (low residual entropy, etc.) of the hypothetical perfect glass state.
Differential contribution of brain‐region‐specific melanocortin 5 receptor to physical activity levels in lean vs. obesity‐prone rats (2013)

The brain melanocortin (MC) system consists of peptides such as α‐MSH that act via MC receptors (MCR) to modulate energy balance. MC3R and MC4R are known to alter energy expenditure and food intake, but the role of MC5R in the brain remains poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that high‐activity rats bred for high‐aerobic capacity (HCR) show enhanced MC5R mRNA expression in the peri‐fornical lateral hypothalamus (PeFLH) compared to their low‐activity, low‐aerobic capacity counterparts (LCR). Here, we tested the hypothesis that hypothalamic MC5R expression is integral to the high‐activity phenotype. We measured physical activity (PA) after site‐directed microinjections in the PeFLH, using a specific agonist or antagonist of MC5R in a rat model of leanness vs. obesity (HCR and LCR). Intra‐PeFLH microinjections of the MC5R agonist significantly enhanced PA over a 3‐hour period, and this effect was greater in HCR relative to LCR. Moreoever, the MC5R antagonist significantly suppressed night‐time PA in lean HCR, but not obesity‐prone LCR. The MC5R agonist did not significantly alter food intake in either group. Taken together, these data implicate region‐specific MC5R in individual differences in PA; MC5R‐mediated PA may be a key trait distinguishing the lean phenotype. MC5R agonist was obtained from M. Bednarek (MedImmune Ltd, Cambridge, UK). Research support was from NIH R01NS055859 to CMN and AHA 11PRE7320029 to CS.
Calculation of the vibrational linewidth and line shape of Raman spectra using the relaxation function. I. Method and application to nitrogen (2000)

The spectral line shape of the fundamental vibration of nitrogen is calculated from molecular dynamics simulations by determining the Fourier transform of the relaxation function. It has been applied to the fluid phase at various pressures and temperatures, and to solid δ-N2. The validity of the assumption that the spectrum at relatively high temperatures and pressures can be calculated by assuming that these systems are in the fast modulation regime (Δτc≪1), has been verified. A deviation of the vibrational line shape from the motional narrowing limit has been found for fluid nitrogen at low pressure, with a Kubo parameter, Δτc, equal to 0.23, and for the vibrational line of the molecules on the a sites in δ-N2, with Δτc equal to 0.075. It is concluded that the value of the Kubo parameter is not an unambiguous criterion for the fast modulation regime. Moreover, a detailed comparison reveals a difference in the dynamical behavior of the molecules on the a and c sites. It is shown that this procedure can also be used if one does not know whether or not closely spaced lines are to be expected. The present procedure is suited to calculate line shapes in the intermediate Kubo regime, e.g., in concentrated mixtures, where no simple relations are available. Finally it is shown that in nitrogen at low density and 126 K the ratio of the correlation time of the frequency autocorrelation function and the dephasing time is smaller than in CH3I, where the n dependence of the vibrational overtone is subquadratic.
ChemInform Abstract: THE FLASH THERMOLYSIS OF Γ‐SULTINES (1979)

Abstract Die Thermolyse der Titelverbindungen (I) bei 550‐750°C ergibt die Cyclopropane (II) und die Olefine (III), wobei sich das Produktgemisch zugunsten der Olefine (III) verändert, wenn stabilisierende Gruppen in 5‐Position wie z.B. in (Ia) fehlen.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrazonoyl Halides as Precursors for New Fused Heterocycles of 5α‐Reductase Inhibitors. (2012)

Abstract Fused heterocycles (III), (V), and (VII) are synthesized by reaction of thione (I) or its methyl derivative with hydrazonoyl halides of type (II).
A Comparative Study of the Divalent Transition Metal Oxide Supported on Magnesium Oxide Catalyst for Lactic Acid Production from Glucose (2019)

Abstract In order to achieve the lactic acid production of lower energy consumption, reactor corrosion rate, while being environmentally friendly and sustaining high catalytic activity of various divalent transition metal oxide (Cu, Co, Ni and Zn) supported on magnesium oxide having the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a capping agent was investigated, where the reaction was performed under mild conditions in an alkali additive-free environment. Among all of the divalent candidates, the ZnCTAB/MgO exhibits the highest activity with a glucose conversion of 64% at a 100°C and a lactic acid yield of 12% at 140°C, a pressure of 0.4 MPa, over 1 h of reaction time. This is due to the high basicity produced via the water chemisorption on such catalyst’s surface.
The Circulation in Cold Acclimatization (1954)

The hand and forearm blood flow of the Eskimo has been found to be greater than that of a control group of white persons in a temperate climate both at rest at an ambient temperature of 20 C. and during acute cold exposure. Under cold stress, rectal temperature was better maintained in the Eskimos, though certain deep muscle temperatures fell more than they did in the white men because of the greater blood flow through exposed parts. The Eskimos showed an elevation of basal metabolic rate and of plasma and total red cell volume. There are similarities between the circulatory changes found in the Eskimo and those found in hyperthyroidism.
High-performance experimental power triodes (1965)

The plate current, transconductance, gain-bandwidth products, and power output capabilities of small planar triodes have been increased by nearly tenfold over that obtained from present day tubes of comparable size and weight. In the new experimental tubes, the cathode can supply a cw current density of 2 amps/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . A closely spaced, rigidly supported grid structure can provide a transconductance of 0.75 mho. The output capacitance is low enough to render a gain-bandwidth product of 16 Gc at 1.3 Gc. In this frequency range, the cw power output capability is 1 KW and the pulsed power output capability in a 10% bandwidth circuit is 5 KW.
Downlink Low-cost Radio-Optic Demonstrator for Distributed Antenna System: Pico-Cellular Applications (2006)

The integration of wireless and optical networks is a potential solution for increasing capacity and mobility as well as decreasing costs in the access network. Radio-over-fibre (RoF) or hybrid fibre radio (HFR) combines the capacity of optical networks with the flexibility and mobility of wireless access networks. We propose a downlink demonstrator for several radio standards over multimode fibre (MMF) using low-cost 850 nm VCSELs as optical sources and 50 mum MMF pigtailed photo-diodes. The system is dedicated to distributed antenna system (DAS) indoor wireless applications. To evaluate our system, error vector magnitude (EVM) measurements and eye-diagrams are performed
Developmental Changes in Ambient and Focal Visual Processing Strategies (2017)

The relationship between fixations and saccades that characterize eye movements have suggested the existence of two scene processing strategies- ambient and focal - the former is believed to capture the context of the scene whereas the latter helps in the detailed examination of the scene. Until recently, detailed analysis of these processing strategies have been performed only in young adults. Recently, however, these modes were found to exist in the viewing behavior of children as well. In the current study, we investigated two undiscovered aspects related to these processing modes- first, we studied the combined impact of visual processing modes and observer's age on the distribution of gaze locations, and second, we investigated how bottom up features of a scene influence the gaze behavior during ambient and focal modes across age groups. These analysis were performed over the eye tracking data collected over 50 observers of different age groups while viewing naturalistic scenes. Explorativeness and bit rate measures were developed to investigate the changes in gaze distribution. The result showed that an observer is more explorative during the focal mode than during the ambient processing mode, while the information processing rate follows a reverse trend. The influence of bottom up features was investigated using the area under the curve (AUC) metric and it was found that the bottom-up influence was more dominant during focal than the ambient mode for all age groups. We also investigated whether human face attracted attention and gaze differently during ambient and focal mode. The result showed that face were equally gazed during both processing modes.
Olfactory facial hyperhydrosis responding to amitriptylene (1987)

We describe a patient who presented with facial hyperhydrosis in a bilateral malar distribution precipitated by olfactory stimuli, and successfully treated with amitripty-line.
Heterogeneous Pd/C‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free, Room‐Temperature Suzuki–Miyaura Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Media (2007)

A mild and efficient ligand-free Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction catalyzed by heterogeneous Pd/C was developed. Aryl bromides and triflates undergo the cross-coupling with aryl boronic acids in excellent yields without the presence of any additives in aqueous media at room temperature. Aryl vinyl boronic acids are also applicable to this coupling reaction and provide the trans-stilbene derivatives in high yields. The application of wet-type Pd/C to the coupling reaction was achieved without any loss of activity under aerobic conditions, and the reuse of Pd/C is feasible for a fifth run without significant loss of activity. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass-spectrometric analysis of the filtrate from the reaction mixture of 4-bromonitrobenzene with phenylboronic acid demonstrated that the palladium metal hardly leached into the solution within the limits of the detector (<1 ppm), thus suggesting that the present Suzuki-Miyaura reaction proceeded by heterogeneous catalysis.
Effect of mirtazapine on glucose metabolism and resting energy expenditure: Observations in “super-healthy” men under highly standardized conditions (2019)

Weight gain and metabolic changes during treatment with antidepressant drugs have emerged as an important concern, particularly in long-term treatment. It is still a matter of ongoing debate whether weight gain and metabolic perturbations with antidepressant use are the consequence of increased appetite and weight gain, respectively, or represents direct pharmacological effects of the drug on metabolism. In addition, depression itself is an independent risk factor for metabolic disorders such as metabolic syndrome and diabetes, further complicating the interpretation of metabolic changes under antidepressant therapy.
The Effect of Biofilms on Turbulent Boundary Layers (1999)

Materials exposed in the marine environment, including those protected by antifouling paints, may rapidly become colonized by microfouling. This may affect frictional resistance and turbulent boundary layer structure. This study compares the mean and turbulent boundary layer velocity characteristics of surfaces covered with a marine biofilm with those of a smooth surface. Measurements were made in a nominally zero pressure gradient, boundary layer flow with a two-component laser Doppler velocimeter at momentum thickness Reynolds numbers of 5600 to 19,000 in a recirculating water tunnel. Profiles of the mean and turbulence velocity components, including the Reynolds shear stress, were measured. An average increase in the skin friction coefficient of 33 to 187 percent was measured on the fouled specimens. The skin friction coefficient was found to be dependent on both biofilm thickness and morphology. The biofilms tested showed varying effect on the Reynolds stresses when those quantities were normalized with the friction velocity.
A Simple Constant‐Force Pocket Probe (1981)

A constant‐force pocket probe is constructed by application of a constant‐force spring. This is wound on two cylinders in reverse‐winding mode. As the distance to the probe top is constant, a constant force is obtained. Very little experience is needed to master the rotating of the handle while using the probe.
Graphene-embedded 3D TiO2 inverse opal electrodes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells: morphological characteristics and photocurrent enhancement (2013)

We demonstrated the preparation of graphene-embedded 3D inverse opal electrodes for use in DSSCs. The graphene was incorporated locally into the top layers of the inverse opal structures and was embedded into the TiO2 matrix via post-treatment of the TiO2 precursors. DSSCs comprising the bare and 1-5 wt% graphene-incorporated TiO2 inverse opal electrodes were compared. We observed that the local arrangement of graphene sheets effectively enhanced electron transport without significantly reducing light harvesting by the dye molecules. A high efficiency of 7.5% was achieved in DSSCs prepared with the 3 wt% graphene-incorporated TiO2 inverse opal electrodes, constituting a 50% increase over the efficiencies of DSSCs prepared without graphene. The increase in efficiency was mainly attributed to an increase in J(SC), as determined by the photovoltaic parameters and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.
[Antitumor activity and metabolism of BOF-A2, a new 5-fluorouracil derivative, with human cancers xenografted in nude mice]. (1990)

Antitumor activity of BOF-A2, a new 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) derivative, was evaluated with human gastric (H-111 and H-81), colorectal (H-143), pancreatic (H-48) and breast (H-31) cancers xenografted in nude mice. Twenty-five consecutive oral administration of BOF-A2 at 17.5 to 30 mg/kg over 4 weeks caused marked inhibition or regression (over 92% of inhibition rate) to the growth of H-81, H-143 and H-31 cancers. Moreover, BOF-A2 effected to both H-111 and H-48 which have low sensitivity to 5-FU and its known derivatives. Throughout the experiments, the mice seemed to tolerate the consecutive administration of BOF-A2 without severe toxicity. When BOF-A2 was given orally, 5-FU levels in the blood of mice was notably durative for a long time as compared to 5-FU and UFT. Furthermore, 5-FU levels in the tumor tissue tended to increase and persist much more than those in the blood. This maintenance and persistence of objective level of 5-FU in the blood would be concluded to produce a high antitumor effect of BOF-A2 against human cancers xenografted in nude mice.
X-Chromosome Inactivation Patterns and Androgen Receptor Functionality Influence Phenotype and Social Characteristics as Well as Pharmacogenetics of Testosterone Therapy in Klinefelter Patients (2004)

Klinefelter syndrome is characterized by a vast range of phenotypes related to androgen effects. Testosterone (T) acts via the X-linked androgen receptor gene carrying the CAG repeat (CAGn) polymorphism, the length of which is inversely associated with androgen action and might account for the marked variation in phenotypes. In 77 newly diagnosed and untreated Klinefelter patients with a 47,XXY karyotype we assessed phenotype and social traits in relation to X-weighted biallelic CAGn length using X-chromosome inactivation analysis after digestion of leukocyte DNA with methylation-sensitive HpaII. Forty-eight men were hypogonadal and received T substitution therapy; in these, pharmacogenetic effects were investigated. The shorter CAGn allele was preferentially inactive. CAGn length was positively associated with body height. Bone density and the relation of arm span to body height were inversely related to CAGn length. The presence of long CAGn was predictive for gynecomastia and smaller testes, whereas short CAGn were associated with a stable partnership and professions requiring higher standards of education also when corrected for family background. There was a trend for men with longer CAGn to be diagnosed earlier in life. Under T substitution, men with shorter CAGn exhibited a more profound suppression of LH levels, augmented prostate growth, and higher hemoglobin concentrations. A significant genotype-phenotype association exists in Klinefelter patients: androgen effects on appearance and social characteristics are modulated by the androgen receptor CAGn polymorphism. The effects of T substitution are pharmacogenetically modified. This finding is magnified by preferential inactivation of the more functional short CAGn allele.
A quinoxaline derivative as a long wavelength photosensitizer for diaryliodonium salts (2009)

Abstract This article reports the use of a quinoxaline derivative as a photosensitizer for diaryliodonium salt photoinitiators. 2,3‐bis(3,4‐bis(decyloxy)phenyl)‐5,8‐bis(2,3‐dihydrothieno[3,4‐b][1,4]dioxin‐5‐yl)quinoxaline (DOPEQ), is a highly conjugated compound with strong absorption bands at wavelengths ranging from 300 to 550 nm and is shown to facilitate photoinitiated cationic polymerization of heterocyclic monomers such as oxiranes and oxetanes. The polymerizations are initiated at room temperature by using long wavelength UV light in the presence of diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph 2 I + PF ). The polymerizations are monitored by optical pyrometry (OP). It is also possible to initiate photopolymerizations with ambient solar irradiation in the presence of this photosensitizer dye. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 209–213, 2010