gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorption behaviour of nutrients in loamy-sand bioretention media subject to different conditions (vegetation, enrichment and incubation time) (2007)

Sorption is expected to be an important process in nutrient removal from stormwater by bioretention systems. The sorption capacity of loamy-sand media from experimental bioretention mesocosms with and without vegetation and prior nutrient enrichment was tested, using two incubation times (24 hours or 72 hours) and nutrient solutions comprising ammonium, organic nitrogen, phosphate, organic phosphorus, and organic carbon, at concentrations representative of stormwater and higher. At stormwater concentrations, enriched media sorbed none or very little phosphate. When the equilibrium concentrations were calculated for all compounds tested, they revealed that at the concentrations expected in stormwater, nutrients could be expected to desorb from the media to solution rather than be removed from solution. No nitrate was extractable from the vegetated media, whereas considerable quantities were extracted from enriched, non-vegetated media. The presence of vegetation appears to reduce the risk of nitrate leaching from filter media. Sorption is not likely to be a long-term sink for nutrients in stormwater bioretention systems. Its role may be to extend the residence time of nutrients in the media so that plants and microbes have the opportunity to mineralise and assimilate these compounds.
Cysteine residues in the d-galactose–H+ symport protein of Escherichia coli: effects of mutagenesis on transport, reaction with N-ethylmaleimide and antibiotic binding (2001)

The galactose–H+ membrane-transport protein, GalP, of Escherichia coli is similar in substrate specificity and susceptibility to cytochalasin B and forskolin, to the human GLUT1 sugar-transport protein; furthermore, they are about 30% identical in amino acid sequence. Transport activities of both GalP and GLUT1 are inhibited by the thiol-group-specific reagent, N-ethylmaleimide. GalP contains only three cysteine residues at positions 19, 374 and 389, each of which we have mutated, singly and in combination, to serine. Each single change of Cys → Ser has only a minor effect on transport activity, whereas alteration of all three simultaneously profoundly diminishes Vmax for transport. The high level of expression of the GalP protein facilitates measurements of the reactivity of each mutant with N-ethylmaleimide or eosin 5-maleimide, which conclusively demonstrate that Cys374 is the site of covalent modification by the reagents. By comparing the reactivity of Cys374 in right-side-out and inside-out vesicles it appears that Cys374 is located on the cytoplasmic face of the GalP protein. Although impaired in transport activity, the ‘Cys-free’ mutant, with all three cysteine residues mutated into serine, binds cytochalasin B and forskolin with wild-type affinities. All these results are interpreted in terms of a 12-helix model of the folding of the protein, in which the relative orientations of helix 10, containing the reactive Cys374 residue, and helix 11, containing the unreactive Cys389 residue, can now be defined.
Altered temporal correlations in parietal alpha and prefrontal theta oscillations in early-stage Alzheimer disease (2009)

Encoding and retention of information in memory are associated with a sustained increase in the amplitude of neuronal oscillations for up to several seconds. We reasoned that coordination of oscillatory activity over time might be important for memory and, therefore, that the amplitude modulation of oscillations may be abnormal in Alzheimer disease (AD). To test this hypothesis, we measured magnetoencephalography (MEG) during eyes-closed rest in 19 patients diagnosed with early-stage AD and 16 age-matched control subjects and characterized the autocorrelation structure of ongoing oscillations using detrended fluctuation analysis and an analysis of the life- and waiting-time statistics of oscillation bursts. We found that Alzheimer's patients had a strongly reduced incidence of alpha-band oscillation bursts with long life- or waiting-times (< 1 s) over temporo-parietal regions and markedly weaker autocorrelations on long time scales (1-25 seconds). Interestingly, the life- and waiting-times of theta oscillations over medial prefrontal regions were greatly increased. Whereas both temporo-parietal alpha and medial prefrontal theta oscillations are associated with retrieval and retention of information, metabolic and structural deficits in early-stage AD are observed primarily in temporo-parietal areas, suggesting that the enhanced oscillations in medial prefrontal cortex reflect a compensatory mechanism. Together, our results suggest that amplitude modulation of neuronal oscillations is important for cognition and that indices of amplitude dynamics of oscillations may prove useful as neuroimaging biomarkers of early-stage AD.
Medical decision support systems based on machine learning (2009)

This dissertation discusses three problems from different areas of medical research and their machine learning solutions. Each solution is a distinct type of decision support system. They show three common properties: personalized health care decision support, reduction of the use of medical resources, and improvement of outcomes. The first decision support system assists individual hospital selection. This system can help a user make the best decision in terms of the combination of mortality, complication, and travel distance. Both machine learning and optimization techniques are utilized in this type of decision support system. Machine learning methods, such as Support Vector Machines, learn a decision function. Next, the function is transformed into an objective function and then optimization methods are used to find the values of decision variables to reach the desired outcome with the most confidence. The second decision support system assists diagnostic decisions in a sequential decision-making setting by finding the most promising tests and suggesting a diagnosis. The system can speed up the diagnostic process, reduce overuse of medical tests, save costs, and improve the accuracy of diagnosis. In this study, the system finds the test most likely to confirm a diagnosis based on the pre-test probability computed from the patient’s information including symptoms and the results of previous tests. If the patient’s disease post-test probability is higher than the treatment threshold, a diagnostic decision will be made, and vice versa. Otherwise, the patient needs more tests to help make a decision. The system will then recommend the next optimal test and repeat the same process. The third decision support system recommends the best lifestyle changes for an individual to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As in the hospital
Development of Useful Function in the Severely Paralyzed Hand (1963)

From the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rancho Los Amigos Hospital, Downey, the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, and the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles
Brisket Disease in Yearling Feedlot Cattle (1976)

During all of 1974, we surveyed, for illnesses and deaths, about 407,000 yearling feedlot cattle maintained at 1,600 m altitude. Of 1,988 cattle necropsied, 116 (5.8%) had brisket disease. The malady occurred during all seasons but was most common throughout fall and winter. The gross changes were hypertrophy and dilatation of the right ventricle and generalizaed passive congestion. The postulated causative factors were high genetic susceptibility, rapid growth rate, previous mountain grazing, and hypoventilation with airway hypoxia.
“P-2 nickel” catalyst with ethylenediamine, a novel system for highly stereospecific reduction of alkynes to cis-olefins (1973)

C. A. Brown and V. K. Ahuja, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 553 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000553
스쿠버 다이버들의 장소귀속감에 대한 현상학적 분석 (2008)

이 연구는 여가활동으로 특정 다이빙 장소를 ``장소귀속감``으로써 방문하는 스쿠버 다이버들에 대한 현상학적 분석에 목적이 있다. 장소귀속감에 대한 연구는 한국 여가학 분야에서 시작 단계에 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 이론의 소개 및 후속 연구를 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 심층 면담과 참여 관찰, 연구 일지를 통하여 총 5명의 연구 대상자에게 자료를 수집하였고 수집된 자료는 자료 분석을 위하여 코딩과정과 개념화, 범주화를 하였다. 또한 연구의 타당도와 신뢰도를 향상시키기 위해 연구자들은 연구대상자의 연구 결과 확인(members check), 자료 수집과 분석의 삼각측정법(triangulation), 스쿠버 다이버와 질적 연구 전문가의 도움(peer debriefing)을 받아 실시하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 참여자는 뛰어난 바다 속 경관을 선호한다. 둘째, 웅장한 화산 암반은 참여자에게 매력적인 요소이다. 셋째, 참여자는 안전한 다이빙 장소를 선호한다. 넷째, 참여자는 수중 생물의 포획 가능 장소를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다.
Effects of a Smart-phone Application on Psychological, Physiological, and Performance Variables in College-Aged Individuals While Running (2015)

International Journal of Exercise Science 8(2) : 104-111, 2015. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of auditory exergaming through the use of a smart-phone app called Zombies, Run! on psychological, physiological, and performance variables in college-aged individuals while running. Participants included both males (n = 10) and females (n = 10). Participants ran three 15 minute trials, after which they completed motivational questionnaires regarding inspiration, enjoyment, confidence, and anxiety levels. The first run got the participants accustomed to the application. The second and third were randomly counterbalanced either using the application again or running with no auditory stimulus. The analysis of the motivational questionnaire and physiological variables found that both sexes felt more inspired to run using the Zombies, Run! application than running with no auditory stimulus (P = .003), males felt more confident they could complete the trials (P = .02), females felt they exerted themselves more during the zombie run (P = .03), males were more motivated than females to run faster to avoid losing items (P = .005) and males felt more motivated than females to collect items and improve their in-game township (P = .002). These results indicated that females perceived more exertion and felt less confident, but were more inspired while running using the Zombies, Run! application. Males felt more confident, more inspired, and more intrigued by the video game itself than females. Therefore, both were more motivated to run with than without the application.
Models of first responder coping: Police officers as a unique population (2018)

The term "first responders" refers to a range of professional occupations, including police officers, fire fighters, search and rescue personnel, ambulance personnel, and military personnel. Research by the present authors has developed empirical models of first responder coping, identifying 2 coping pathways with differential outcomes: approach and avoidance coping. The present investigation considers police officers as a unique group and measures the extent to which police officers differ from other first responders in coping behaviours following trauma, based upon a nationally representative survey of 917 Swedish police officers. Although the model of coping behaviours following trauma and the effects on well-being displayed several similarities between police officers and other first responders, there was compelling evidence to suggest that there are professionally bound aspects of psychological coping, resilience, and well-being that merit further exploration. Among police officers, for example, avoidant coping was related to worse well-being, and police officers reported greater consequence to well-being related to substance use than other first responders. The unique aspects of police officer coping in comparison with other first responder groups are explored.
Frequency-domain detection of deep levels in GaAs MESFETS (1987)

A novel frequency-domain transconductance technique for the detection of deep trapping levels in GaAs MESFETS is described and the experimental results obtained on a particular GaAs MESFET are reported. The results show the presence of two separate trapping levels at the same energy position of 0.67 eV which may be interpreted as being associated with the complex nature of EL2 centres.
Synthesis of β-Amino Esters via Aza-Michael Addition of Amines to Alkenes Promoted on Silica: A Useful and Recyclable Surface (2004)

A solvent-free protocol for the synthesis of β-amino ­esters and nitriles has been developed via conjugate addition of amines to electron-deficient alkenes promoted on silica. The silica surface may be recycled. Both aliphatic and aromatic primary or secondary amines worked efficiently to yield the desired adducts in good to excellent yields.
Pneumothorax in Cystic Fibrosis (1969)

Thirty-two episodes of spontaneous pneumothorax occurred with increasing frequency over a ten-year period in 15 of 400 patients with cystic fibrosis. This complication most often affected adolescents or young adults with significant lung disease. The most likely pathogenetic mechanism was rupture of a subpleural bleb. Tension pneumothorax was found frequently and accounted for most cases of severe dyspnea and cyanosis including three sudden deaths. Silent pneumothorax also occurred. Small asymptomatic pneumothoraces resolved with observation. Most pneumothoraces were treated by tube thoracostomy; rapid resolution resulted in 65%. No pleural infections occurred; two bronchopleural fistulae and one bronchopleural cutaneous fistula complicated recovery. Results of prophylaxis for recurrent pneumothorax with intrapleural installation of chemical irritants were inconclusive. No thoracotomies were performed. Pneumothorax entails vigorous pulmonary care and travel restrictions.
Mechanism of Dry Etching of Silicon Dioxide: A Case of Direct Reactive Ion Etching (1985)

Reactive sputter etching of with plasmas has been investigated in a parallel‐plate reactor by combining etch‐rate measurements with concurrent determination of ion densities (using a Langmuir probe) and the composition of neutral plasma species (using a mass spectrometer), and by examining etched profiles in the SEM. The importance of geometrical variables, such as plate separation and plate area, and the electrical parameters appropriate for characterizing the discharge are discussed. Etch rates are found to follow the ion density and to be fairly independent of the plasma chemistry under most experimental conditions. Moreover, a comparison of reactive sputter etching and reactive ion beam etching of with and shows that etch yields per incoming ion are essentially independent of the flux of neutral radicals to the substrate. This strongly suggests as the dominant etch mechanism for direct reactive ion etching, where ions themselves are the main reactants in the etch reaction. Measured etch yields are consistent with this picture. However, the plasma chemistry has a decisive influence on the etch rate of Si, and thus on the etch selectivity of with respect to Si, and also on the exact shape of profiles etched into .
Possible role of granulocyte‐macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) on the rapid progression of AIDS‐related Kaposi's sarcoma lesions <i>in vivo</i> (1994)

Drug-related neutropenia is a common observation in AIDS patients. Haematological growth factors are therefore increasingly used in combination with myelotoxic agents to reduce the risk of infection and to improve the haematological tolerance of these regimens. We report a case of an AIDS patient with Kaposi's sarcoma who received GM-CSF for severe neutropenia due to anti-tumour chemotherapy combining alpha-interferon 2b and zidovudine. During GM-CSF administration there was a marked increase in the size of the Kaposi's sarcoma lesions as confirmed by ultrasonographic examination. As GM-CSF in vitro has been shown to promote Kaposi's sarcoma-like cell cultures, we discuss the potential role of this growth factor in increasing Kaposi's sarcoma lesions in vivo.
Entre o multilateral e o unilateral: reflexões sobre a condução da Política Externa Norte-Americana (2005)

O presente artigo busca realizar uma reflexão acerca dos rumos tomados pela política externa dos EUA durante o primiero mandato de George W. Bush.
Accurate Multiple View 3D Reconstruction Using Patch-Based Stereo for Large-Scale Scenes (2013)

In this paper, we propose a depth-map merging based multiple view stereo method for large-scale scenes which takes both accuracy and efficiency into account. In the proposed method, an efficient patch-based stereo matching process is used to generate depth-map at each image with acceptable errors, followed by a depth-map refinement process to enforce consistency over neighboring views. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method can reconstruct quite accurate and dense point clouds with high computational efficiency. Besides, the proposed method could be easily parallelized at image level, i.e., each depth-map is computed individually, which makes it suitable for large-scale scene reconstruction with high resolution images. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are evaluated quantitatively on benchmark data and qualitatively on large data sets.
Agrobacterium vitis sp. nov. for Strains of Agrobacterium biovar 3 from Grapevines (1990)

Agrobacterium isolates from grapevines that were previously characterized as biovar 3 strains were compared with the type strains of the four previously described species of the genus Agrobacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium radiobacter, Agrobacterium rhizogenes, and Agrobacterium rubi. Ten grapevine isolates were distinguished from other Agrobacterium species phenotypically by a number of biochemical tests and by their reaction with a monoclonal antibody raised to biovar 3. Levels of DNA binding between the type strains of previously described species and three grapevine isolates were estimated by optical measurement of initial DNA renaturation rates. The levels of DNA binding between grapevine isolates were 78 to 92%, and the levels of DNA binding with other type strains ranged from 7 to 47%. Our results indicate that the grapevine isolates are distinct from the type strains of the four previously described Agrobacterium species. A new species, Agrobacterium vitis, is proposed; the type strain is strain NCPPB 3554.
Political Economy of US Trade Policy towards China (2007)

在中国和 USA 之间的贸易关系对两个国家的经济变得日益重要。在中国和 USA 之间的最近的贸易冲突和磨擦以 USChinese 双边的贸易关系开发的方法组成障碍，它具有两个国家的可观的担心。通过向中国的美国贸易政策的政治过程的深入的分析，现在的纸鉴别美国的重要决定因素向中国交换政策。在在 USA 和中国之间的贸易关系上的美国贸易政策的影响被估计，为在 USA 和中国之间的贸易关系的含意被讨论。
<i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>‐mediated sorghum transformation using a mannose selection system (2005)

A dual-marker plasmid containing the selectable marker gene, manA, and the reporter gene, sgfp, was used to transform immature sorghum embryos by employing an Agrobacterium-mediated system. Both genes were under the control of the ubi1 promoter in a binary vector pPZP201. The Escherichia coli phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) gene, pmi, was used as the selectable marker gene and mannose was used as the selective agent. The sgfp gene encoding green fluorescence protein (GFP) was the reporter gene and served as a visual screening marker. A total of 167 transgenic plants were obtained from nine different embryogenic callus lines grown on a selection medium containing 1%-2% mannose. Embryoids and shoots regenerated via embryogenesis, that showed strong GFP fluorescence, were selected from two sorghum genotypes: C401, an inbred line, and Pioneer 8505, a commercial hybrid. The GFP accumulation in transgenic plants was observed with a dissecting stereomicroscope. The integration and expression of the manA gene was confirmed by Southern blot and Western blot analyses, and the feasibility of manA selection was demonstrated by the chlorophenol red (CPR) assay. Our results indicated that transgenes segregated in the Mendelian fashion in the T1 generation. The conversion of mannose to a metabolizable fructose carbon source is beneficial to plants. In addition, except in soybean and a few legumes, no endogenous PMI activity has been detected in plant species, indicating that PMI is useful in the transformation of sorghum. In addition, PMI has no sequence homology to known allergens. Optimization of this selection system for sorghum transformation provides an efficient way to produce transgenic plants without using antibiotic or herbicidal agents as selectable markers, and our results showed that the transformation efficiency reached 2.88% for Pioneer 8505 and 3.30% for C401, both values higher than in previously published reports.
Hyperthermia induction with thermally self-regulated ferromagnetic implants. (1985)

We have developed a self-regulating thermoseed for interstitial hyperthermia treatment of tumors. The seeds are made of a 70.4% nickel-29.6% copper alloy, and they have a Curie point at 50 degrees C. When exposed to an oscillating magnetic field (90 kHz, 50 Oersted amplitude), these seeds show a sharp drop in the rate of heat production at temperatures above the Curie point. In a simulated treatment of a small visceral mass that had negligible blood flow, the tissue temperature stabilized at the Curie point of the alloy with good temperature homogeneity throughout the volume heated by an array of thermoseeds.
REPRODUCTIVE AND TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF SUFENTANIL AND ALFENTANIL IN SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS (1988)

The reproductive and teratogenic effects of sufentanil and alfentanil were studied in a total of 168 Sprague-Dawley rats in two separate experiments. Either sufentanil (10, 50, or 100 micrograms.kg-1.day-1) or alfentanil (8 mg.kg-1.day-1) were administered continuously from day 5 through day 20 of pregnancy using subcutaneously implanted osmotic minipumps. Cesarean sections were performed on day 20 of pregnancy, reproductive indexes were determined, and the 1484 fetuses were examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. No significant adverse reproductive or teratogenic effects were observed with either narcotic.
Sixth Comparison of National Standards of Luminous Intensity and of Luminous Flux (1985) (1987)

Fifteen national laboratories participated in the comparison, using standard lamps of two different types for the comparison of luminous intensity and of a single type for that of luminous flux. The results, the first obtained since the adoption of the new definition of the candela, show only slight improvement in the agreement between the laboratories. But, since the number of participating laboratories has doubled since the last comparison and the new methods of realization used have differed more widely in technical detail, the mean representations of the candela and of the lumen are better established, which constitutes important progress.
The association of acne vulgaris with diet. (2011)

Acne vulgaris is a common disorder of the pilosebaceous unit affecting adolescents and adults. The rise in incidence of acne in the United States may relate to the Western diet--which is rich in dairy and refined sugars, and high in glycemic load--and to the obesity epidemic. We reviewed the literature on diet and acne. Evidence exists highlighting the association of acne and high glycemic loads, certain dairy products, and refined sugar product ingestion. Future studies are required to determine if dietary modification will reduce long-term acne burden.
A 1GHz 6b ADC system (1987)

A two-rank GaAs sample and hold chip and four 250MHz ADCs developed to form a 1GHz 6b ADC system will be discussed. The two rank architecture avoids dynamic errors inherent to interleaved ADCs: accuracy exceeds 5.2 effective bits up to 1GHz input frequency.