gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of 10% Ethanol-Gasoline Blends in 1980 Model Year U.S. Cars (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The Coordinating Research Council, Inc. (CRC), under contract to the U.S. Department of Energy, conducted controlled tests to determine the effects of 10% ethanol-gasoline blends on emissions, fuel economy, and driveability of 14 - 1980 model year cars representing several emission-control technologies. Two types of ethanol blends were tested, a simple blend with no volatility adjustment, and two volatility-adjusted blends. Addition of 10% ethanol to gasoline resulted in statistically significant changes in emissions, driveability, and efficiency. Statistically significant effects were also found as a result of volatility adjustment. However, because of the limited fleet size, these results should not be used to quantitatively predict effects of the use of ethanol-gasoline blends in the total U.S. vehicle population.</div>
Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by IL‐10‐treated human dendritic cells: association with IL‐2‐ and CTLA‐4‐dependent G<sub>1</sub> arrest of the cell cycle regulated by p27<sup>Kip1</sup> (2003)

We have previously shown that human IL-10-treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in CD4+ T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of IL-2, and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic CD4+ suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic CD4+ T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the IL-2-dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor p27Kip1 were found in anergic CD4+ suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of retinoblastoma protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of IL-2, but not blocking of the CTLA-4 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of p27Kip1 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced IFN-gamma production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory CD4+CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic CD4+ suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the IL-2- and CTLA-4-dependent cdk inhibitor p27Kip1.
THE INDUSTRIAL CHYMIST - "Crystallization" (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE INDUSTRIAL CHYMIST - "Crystallization"B J. LuberoffCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1970, 62, 11, 4–5Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50731a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (250 KB) Get e-Alerts
An Artificial Metalloenzyme: Creation of a Designed Copper Binding Site in a Thermostable Protein (2010)

Von der Natur inspiriert: Ortsspezifische Mutagenese ermöglichte den gezielten Aufbau einer Bindungsstelle mit dem His/His/Asp-Motiv zur CuII-Komplexierung in einem robusten Protein (siehe Bild). Das künstliche Metalloenzym katalysiert eine enantioselektive Diels-Alder-Reaktion. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Local restrictions on nonpositively curved n-manifolds in R<sup>n+p</sup> (2000)

In pointwise differential geometry, i.e., linear algebra, we prove two theorems about the curvature operator of isometrically immersed submanifolds. We restrict our attention to Euclidean immersions because here the results are most easily stated and the curvature operator can be simply expressed as the sum of wedges of second fundamental form matrices. First, we reprove and extend a 1970 result of Weinstein to show that for n-manifolds in R n+2 the conditions of positive, nonnegative, nonpositive, and negative sectional curvature imply that the curvature operator is positive definite, positive semidefinite, negative semidefinite, and negative definite, respectively. We provide a simple example to show that this equivalence is no longer true even in codimension 3. Second, we introduce the concept of measuring the amount of curvature at a point x by the rank of the curvature operator at x and prove that surprisingly the rank of a negative semidefinite curvature operator is bounded as a function of only the codimension. Specifically, for an n-manifold in R n+p this rank is at most p+1 2 , and this bound is sharp. Under the weaker assumption of nonpositive sectional curvature we prove the rank is at most p 3 + p 2 -p, and by the proof of the previous theorem this bound can be sharpened to p+1 2 for p = 1 and 2.
Intermolecular Radical Addition and Addition/Cyclization Reactions of Alkoxyamines onto Nonactivated Alkenes (2003)

[reaction: see text] Alkoxyamines A, which are readily prepared from commercially available starting materials, undergo efficient thermal radical carboaminoxylations onto various nonactivated alkenes to provide 1,4-functionalized malonates B in good to excellent yields. The experiments are very easy to conduct. The carboaminoxylations can be combined with radical cyclization and fragmentation processes.
Humanized Anti CD-40 Antibody SGN-40 Effectively Induces Cytotoxicity Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Cells through Antibody Mediated Cytotoxicity and Demonstrates Modest Biologic Evidence of CD40 Activation. (2005)

Abstract The CD40 antigen is involved in cell survival and differentiation of B-cells and is uniformly expressed on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. The CD40/CD40L interaction stimulates B-cells, dendritic cells and monocytes to proliferate, differentiate, up regulate co-stimulatory molecules and increase antigen presentation. While activation of CD40 can protect CLL cells against early fludarabine-induced apoptosis, these cells become sensitive to delayed death by extrinsic pathway apoptosis. (Blood, 105: 3193–8, 2005). SGN-40 is a humanized anti-CD40 antibody entering clinical trials and has been reported to have weak agonistic properties following CD40 ligation. To pursue rational clinical development of SGN-40, we studied the effects of this antibody in fresh, non-cryopreserved primary CLL cells. These studies included classic antibody mediated killing mechanisms and evidence of both CLL cell activation and protection against early fludarabine-mediated apoptosis. CLL cells treated with SGN-40 (10 mcg/ml) for 2 hours (hrs) in the presence of human serum promoted no complement mediated cytoxicity (CDC) in 8 pts tested. Direct SGN-40 induced apoptosis of human CLL cells with or without anti-Fc IgG cross-linking at 24, 48 and 72 hrs was not increased over that observed with the isotype control antibody trastuzumab in 8 pts studied. In contrast, SGN-40 induced antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against CLL cells an average of 12% (±11.39 SD, range 2–32%) killing at 4 hrs (effector to target cell ratio 25:1) in 6 pts tested. The SGN-40 induced ADCC against CLL cells were similar to that observed with alemtuzumab (average 19%, SD 6.9, range10–30%) or rituximab (average 18%, SD 12.48, range 8–42.5%). SGN-40 also mediated death in Raji and 697 lymphoblastic lymphoma cell lines via ADCC. Similar to reports by others with CD40 ligand, SGN-40 mediated activation was noted with modest up-regulation of CD80 and HLA-DR at 48hrs. When administered prior to fludarabine, SGN-40 also protected against death in 5 consecutive samples, although this was less than observed with CD40 ligand transfected HeLa cells, consistent with incomplete CD40 activation. Concurrent administration of SGN-40 and fludarabine did not protect from drug-mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings suggest that SGN-40 has dual property of mediating cytotoxic effect by ADCC and partial CD40 activation. Development of SGN-40 as a therapeutic agent in CLL is justified and future studies by our group are focusing on enhancing SGN-40 mediated ADCC against CLL cells and potentially designing combination studies with SGN-40 to exploit this agent’s ability to engage the CD40/CD40L network.
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHE ISOMERISIERUNG VON 2‐THIONO‐ UND 2‐SELENO‐1,3,2‐DIOXAPHOSPHOLANEN UND ‐1,3,2‐DIOXAPHOSPHORINANEN (1971)

Abstract Das Thionodioxaphospholan (I) isomerisiert sich in Gegenwart von Tetraäthylammoniumjodid vollständig zum Oxathiaphospholan (II), während die Heterocyclen (III) keine Isomerisierung zeigen.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of Infrared Spectroscopy in the Study of Electrochemical Systems in situ (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Paper Presented at 2003 PRRES Conference, Brisbane, Australia Macro-economic Factors Affecting Office Rental Values in Southeast Asian Cities: The case of Singapore, Hong Kong, Taipei, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to identify the macro-economic drivers of office rental values in South-east Asian cities over the period 1988 – 2001 by adopting the demand and supply framework. The paper tries to use the existing single-equation method to examine influences on office rents in five South-east Asian cities (Singapore, Hong Kong, Taipei, Kuala Lumpur and Bangkok). Real GDP, unemployment rate, floor space for office buildings, interest rate, lending rate, consumer index and service sector output will be included in examining the movements of office rental values. In spite of data limitations, this research demonstrates that in Singapore and Taipei office markets, rental values are mainly determined by changes in office floor space, while in Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur office markets, lending rates have a greater effect on rental values. However, there are no significant factors in the Bangkok office market. The results also suggest that office markets in South-east Asia are highly linked with development markets, while demand-side variables do not have much impact on those markets. This paper also reviews previous empirical studies and assesses future research directions for South-east Asian office markets.
Structural study of two crystal forms of [Mo3O(CCH3)(O2CCH3)6(H2O)3](CF3SO3)(CF3SO3H)2.5H2O (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural study of two crystal forms of [Mo3O(CCH3)(O2CCH3)6(H2O)3](CF3SO3)(CF3SO3H)2.5H2OAvi Bino, F. Albert Cotton, Zvi Dori, Lawrence R. Falvello, and George M. ReisnerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 10, 3750–3755Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00140a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00140a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
UV disinfection of chlorinated water: impact on chlorine concentration and UV dose delivery (2005)

Research Article| May 01 2005 UV disinfection of chlorinated water: impact on chlorine concentration and UV dose delivery Banu Örmeci; Banu Örmeci 1Department of Civil and Enviromental Engineering, Carleton University, 1125 Colone By Drive Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1S 5B6 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Karl G. Linden; Karl G. Linden 2Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 7708-0287, USA Tel: +1 919 660 5196 Fax: +1 919 660 5219; E-mail: kglinden@duke.edu Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Joel J. Ducoste Joel J. Ducoste 3Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, 208 Mann Hall CB7908, Raleigh, NC 27695-7908, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua (2005) 54 (3): 189–199. https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2005.0018 Article history Received: July 20 2004 Accepted: October 12 2004 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Cite Icon Cite Permissions Search Site Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsThis Journal Search Advanced Search Citation Banu Örmeci, Karl G. Linden, Joel J. Ducoste; UV disinfection of chlorinated water: impact on chlorine concentration and UV dose delivery. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 1 May 2005; 54 (3): 189–199. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2005.0018 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex Prechlorination of water upstream of an ultraviolet (UV) disinfection process may possibly influence the effectiveness of UV inactivation through the absorbance of UV radiation. Alternatively, UV may act to destroy chlorine, reducing the residual in water. Monochromatic UV light was more effective in degrading monochloramine whereas polychromatic UV light was more effective in degrading free chlorine. The extent of degradation varied with the type of chlorine species, water quality and type of UV irradiation (mono- or polychromatic). However, decay of chlorine and monochloramine at typical UV disinfection doses (<100 mJ/cm2) was negligible. The transmission of UV irradiation was affected slightly by the presence of chlorine and monochloramine, and these effects on inactivation of MS2 coliphage were modeled for LP− and MP-UV reactors. The presence of 1 mg/L free chlorine or monochloramine decreased the inactivation of MS2 coliphage by less than 0.1 log for a LP-UV reactor. For the MP-UV reactor, MS2 inactivation decreased by between 0.1 and 0.3 log. chlorine, monochloramine, photolysis, ultraviolet irradiation, water treatment This content is only available as a PDF. © IWA Publishing 2005 You do not currently have access to this content.
Development of 50 to 100-Ah LI ion cells for communications spacecraft (1998)

The demand for economically efficient communications spacecraft (both LEO and GEO) is driving spacecraft design towards larger vehicles which require significantly greater power than did their predecessors. As a consequence of this demand for increasing power, battery mass is increasing to the point that it strongly influences launch costs and may, in the case of very large GEO spacecraft, ultimately influence launch feasibility. Lithium ion batteries with cell level specific energies > 100 Wh/kg and energy efficiencies of 92-94% which imply important system level mass savings offer a potential solution to this problem. There is, however, only limited experience with large (>10 Ah) cells of this type, many of the cell chemistries exhibit a capacity fade which may obviate the beginning of life specific energy advantage, and there is no data which supports the projection of a 10 to 20-year calendar life which is expected for future communication spacecraft. This paper discusses the progress made in the development of 50 to 100-Ah Li ion cells, optimized for spacecraft applications, from the standpoint of cell components, cell design and cell performance.
Reciprocal feedback inhibition of the androgen receptor and PI3K as a novel therapy for castrate-sensitive and -resistant prostate cancer (2015)

Gain-of-function of the androgen receptor (AR) and activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway have been demonstrated to correlate with progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, inhibition of AR or PI3K/mTOR alone results in a reciprocal feedback activation. Therefore, we hypothesized that dual inhibition of the AR and PI3K/mTOR pathway might lead to a synergistic inhibition of cell growth and overcome drug resistance in CRPC. Here, we reported that androgen-depletion increased AR protein level and Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 in LNCaP cells. Moreover, we developed resistance cell lines of LNCaP to Enzalutamide (or MDV3100), an AR inhibitor (named as LNCaP 'MDV-R') and PF-04691502, a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor (named as LNCaP 'PF-R'). MTS analysis showed that LNCaP 'PF-R' was strongly resistant to Enzalutamide treatment, and on the other hand, LNCaP 'MDV-R' was 6-fold resistant to PF-04691502 treatment. Mechanistically, LNCaP 'MDV-R' cells had significantly reduced AR, loss of PSA and increase Akt activity in contrast with LNCaP 'PF-R' cells. Combined inhibition of PI3K/mTOR and AR pathways with a variety of small molecular inhibitors led to a synergistic suppression of cell proliferation and a profound increase of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in both androgen-dependent LNCaP and independent CRPC 22Rv1 cell lines. In conclusion, this study provides preclinical proof-of-concept that the combination of a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with an AR inhibitor results in a synergistic anti-tumor response in non-CRPC and CRPC models.
Induction of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus in mice by immunization with a monoclonal anti-La autoantibody (1990)

Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice can be induced by immunization either with a human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody bearing the 16/6 idiotype (16/6 Id) or with a mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody specific for the 16/6 Id. In the present report we investigated the pathogenic role of a monoclonal anti-La autoantibody in the induction and mediation of experimental SLE in mice. The monoclonal anti-La antibody was derived from a mouse in which experimental SLE was induced by immunization with the monoclonal anti-16/6 Id antibody. Following immunization with the anti-La antibody the mice produced antibodies to double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, Sm, SS-A/Ro, SS-B/La, and ribonucleoprotein. Furthermore, even though the anti-La antibody does not express nor react with the 16/6 Id, the immunized mice produced high titers of anti-16/6 Id antibodies as well as 16/6 Id bearing antibodies. Four months following immunization the mice exhibited significant proteinuria, and kidney sections revealed immune complex deposits on the basement membrane of the glomeruli. These results suggest that anti-La autoantibodies are involved in the induction and mediation of SLE in mice.
Feedback Compression for Correlated Broadcast Channels (2007)

In this paper we apply predictive vector quantization (PVQ) to quantize time-correlated broadcast channels. PVQ exploits the time-correlation of the channel to reduce the quantization error of the channels, and thus to improve the sum rate of the system. PVQ predicts the actual channel based on a number of previous channels, and then quantizes the difference between the prediction and the true channel. In this paper we show how the corresponding codebooks can be designed, and we present a prediction strategy. The performance of PVQ for a broadcast system is depicted through numerical simulations.
The Effect of Terbutaline Sulfate, Nitroglycerin, and Aminophylline on Lower Esophageal Sphincter Pressure and Radionuclide Esophageal Emptying in Patients with Achalasia (1987)

We studied the effects of three smooth muscle relaxants on lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and radionuclide esophageal emptying in 15 untreated patients with achalasia. LES pressures were determined before and after the administration of normal saline subcutaneously, terbutaline sulfate subcutaneously, nitroglycerin sublingually, and aminophylline intravenously. All smooth muscle relaxants significantly decreased LES pressures when compared with normal saline controls and pretreatment baseline pressures (p less than 0.01). However, in normal saline controls, LES pressure actually increased over time (p less than 0.01). Control radionuclide esophageal emptying studies were performed in all patients. Subsequent esophageal emptying studies were carried out only in patients responding to smooth muscle relaxants by decreasing LES pressures by greater than or equal to 25% (terbutaline sulfate, n = 8; nitroglycerin, n = 7; and aminophylline, n = 4). Significant improvement in esophageal emptying was observed after nitroglycerin and terbutaline sulfate (p less than 0.05) but not after aminophylline. We conclude that in patients with achalasia (a) terbutaline sulfate, nitroglycerin, and aminophylline can significantly decrease LES pressure; (b) resting LES pressures vary over time; and (c) terbutaline sulfate and nitroglycerin significantly improve esophageal emptying in some subjects.
EFFECT OF A THERMAL ANNEALING ON THE LATTICE SPECIFIC HEAT AND THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SUPERCONDUCTING AMORPHOUS Zr.<sub>76</sub>Ni.<sub>24</sub>ALLOYS (1981)

We have measured the low temperature (from 0.1 K up to 5 K) specific heat and thermal conductivity of an amorphous ZrNi superconducting alloy "as sputtered" and after annealing. We observe a variation of the Debye temperature and of the thermal conductivity related to a structural relaxation caused by the annealing.