gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interplay between phase formation mechanisms and magnetism in the Sr<sub>2</sub>FeMoO<sub>6–δ</sub> metal‐oxide compound (2011)

Abstract Double perovskites with the structural formula A 2 BB′O 6±δ , especially the strontium ferromolybdate Sr 2 FeMoO 6–δ , have attracted a lot of attention due to their unique magnetic and electrical properties and a possible application in spintronic devices. However, a strict correlation between the functional characteristics of Sr 2 FeMoO 6–δ and its synthesis technology has been lacking up to date. Thus, we have studied in the present work the crystallization kinetics of Sr 2 FeMoO 6–δ using reagents with different pre‐history as well as the structural and magnetic properties of the obtained compounds. Differences in the crystallization kinetics as well as higher magnetic inhomogeneity of Sr 2 FeMoO 6–δ synthesised from a mixture of MoO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , SrCO 3 in comparison with the compound synthesised from the SrFeO 2.5 and SrMoO 4–y precursors have been found and interpreted. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Role of excess Mg and heat treatments on microstructure and critical current of MgB2 wires (2003)

We present a detailed analysis of the effect of heat treatments on the microstructure, magnetization, and transport properties of MgB2 wires produced by the powder-in-tube method. We have used commercial MgB2 powder with 5 at. % Mg powder added as an additional source of magnesium and stainless steel as sheath material. We measure the dc transport critical current that can be increased or decreased by more than one order of magnitude as compared with the as-drawn wire, depending on the annealing parameters. We correlate the changes in the critical current with changes in the microstructure, as determined from scanning and transmission electron microscopy analysis. We show through magnetization measurements of short annealed wires that inappropriate annealing conditions result in a deterioration of the connectivity due to the loss of Mg and in inhomogeneous weak-link limited current flow, rendering the critical state model inapplicable. We discuss the optimization of the annealing conditions that strongly improve the connectivity by eliminating most of the microcracks present in the unannealed wires, where excess Mg promotes the recrystallization. The loss of Mg during the heat treatment may be precluded by annealing long wire lengths with a high heating rate.
Non-invasive imaging of oxygen extraction fraction in adults with sickle cell anaemia (2016)

Sickle cell anaemia is a monogenetic disorder with a high incidence of stroke. While stroke screening procedures exist for children with sickle cell anaemia, no accepted screening procedures exist for assessing stroke risk in adults. The purpose of this study is to use novel magnetic resonance imaging methods to evaluate physiological relationships between oxygen extraction fraction, cerebral blood flow, and clinical markers of cerebrovascular impairment in adults with sickle cell anaemia. The specific goal is to determine to what extent elevated oxygen extraction fraction may be uniquely present in patients with higher levels of clinical impairment and therefore may represent a candidate biomarker of stroke risk. Neurological evaluation, structural imaging, and the non-invasive T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging magnetic resonance imaging method were applied in sickle cell anaemia (n = 34) and healthy race-matched control (n = 11) volunteers without sickle cell trait to assess whole-brain oxygen extraction fraction, cerebral blood flow, degree of vasculopathy, severity of anaemia, and presence of prior infarct; findings were interpreted in the context of physiological models. Cerebral blood flow and oxygen extraction fraction were elevated (P < 0.05) in participants with sickle cell anaemia (n = 27) not receiving monthly blood transfusions (interquartile range cerebral blood flow = 46.2-56.8 ml/100 g/min; oxygen extraction fraction = 0.39-0.50) relative to controls (interquartile range cerebral blood flow = 40.8-46.3 ml/100 g/min; oxygen extraction fraction = 0.33-0.38). Oxygen extraction fraction (P < 0.0001) but not cerebral blood flow was increased in participants with higher levels of clinical impairment. These data provide support for T2-relaxation-under-spin-tagging being able to quickly and non-invasively detect elevated oxygen extraction fraction in individuals with sickle cell anaemia with higher levels of clinical impairment. Our results support the premise that magnetic resonance imaging-based assessment of elevated oxygen extraction fraction might be a viable screening tool for evaluating stroke risk in adults with sickle cell anaemia.
Joint ultra-wideband and signal strength-based through-building tracking for tactical operations (2013)

Accurate device free localization (DFL) based on received signal strength (RSS) measurements requires placement of radio transceivers on all sides of the target area. Accuracy degrades dramatically if sensors do not surround the area. However, law enforcement officers sometimes face situations where it is not possible or practical to place sensors on all sides of the target room or building. For example, for an armed subject barricaded in a motel room, police may be able to place sensors in adjacent rooms, but not in front of the room, where the subject would see them. In this paper, we show that using two ultra-wideband (UWB) impulse radios, in addition to multiple RSS sensors, improves the localization accuracy, particularly on the axis where no sensors are placed (which we call the x-axis). We introduce three methods for combining the RSS and UWB data. By using UWB radios together with RSS sensors, it is still possible to localize a person through walls even when the devices are placed only on two sides of the target area. Including the data from the UWB radios can reduce the localization area of uncertainty by more than 60%.
Kalman filtering of colored noise for speech enhancement (2002)

A method for applying Kalman filtering to speech signals corrupted by colored noise is presented. Both speech and colored noise are modeled as autoregressive (AR) processes using speech and silence regions determined by an automatic end-point detector. Due to the non-stationary nature of the speech signal, non-stationary Kalman filter is used. Experiments indicate that non-stationary Kalman filtering outperforms the stationary case, the average SNR improvement increasing from 0.53 dB to 2.3 dB. Even better results are obtained if noise is considered also non-stationary, in addition to being colored, achieving an average of 7.14 dB SNR improvement.
Chemical Kinetics and Catastrophe Theory (1975)

In this paper a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) model of a first-order, exothermic reaction is examined and the existence of a cusp catastrophe is shown. Analytical solutions are developed for the ignition and quenching boundaries. The significance of the results and further extensions are discussed.
Comment on " 'Stemness': Transcriptional Profiling of Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells" and "A Stem Cell Molecular Signature" (II) (2003)

Two recent reports ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]) have compared transcription profiles of mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and hematopoeitic stem cells (HSCs). Both identified a set of genes common to all three types of stem cells and proposed that these genes “reveal core stem
Presynaptic regulation of recurrent excitation by D1 receptors in prefrontal circuits (2000)

The prefrontal cortex plays a fundamental role in the working memory functions of the cerebral cortex and is also the site of dysfunction in several neurological and psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Prefrontal neurons are distinguished by their capacity for sustained activity during the time a stimulus is held in memory, and this mnemonic response is considered a substrate for a variety of cognitive functions. The neuronal basis for sustained activity in prefrontal neurons is unknown but is thought to involve recurrent excitation among pyramidal neurons. Recent studies in awake behaving monkeys have demonstrated that the persistent activity in prefrontal neurons is modulated by dopamine. To examine the mechanisms by which dopamine might modulate transmission in local excitatory circuits, we have performed dual whole-cell recordings in connected pyramidal cell pairs with and without dopamine application. We find that dopamine reduces the efficacy of unitary excitatory neurotransmission in layer V pyramidal cells by decreasing its reliability. These effects, which are reproduced by a selective D1 agonist and blocked by a D1 antagonist, are independent of voltage changes and are not attenuated by blockade of sodium and potassium channels in the postsynaptic neurons. We conclude that attenuation of local horizontal excitatory synaptic transmission in layer V pyramidal neurons by dopamine is through D1 actions at a presynaptic site.
CD4 <sup>+</sup> CD25 <sup>+</sup> T Regulatory Cells Inhibit CD8 <sup>+</sup> IFN-γ Production During Acute and Chronic FIV Infection Utilizing a Membrane TGF-β-Dependent Mechanism (2010)

CD8(+) lymphocytes are critical to the control and elimination of viral pathogens. Impaired CD8(+) responses are well recognized in lentiviral infections; however, the mechanisms underlying CD8(+) impairment remain elusive. Using the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) model for human AIDS, we reported previously that CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells in both the acute and long-term, asymptomatic phase of infection are constitutively activated and suppress CD4(+)CD25(-) T cell responses. In the current study, we have demonstrated that CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells suppress CD8(+) responses to immune stimulation during both the acute and chronic, asymptomatic phase of FIV infection and that the mechanism of suppression may be mediated by membrane-associated TGF-beta (mTGF-beta) on CD4(+)CD25(+) lymphocytes. Depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) lymphocytes from lymph node suspensions significantly enhanced production of IFN-gamma during the acute phase of infection and coculture of CD8(+) lymphocytes with CD4(+)CD25(+) lymphocytes resulted in suppression of CD8(+) IFN-gamma during both the acute and chronic stages of infection. FACS analysis indicated that there was TGF-betaRII upregulation on CD8(+) cells from FIV(+) cats during the acute and chronic stage of infection. In addition, there was upregulation of mTGF-beta on the CD4(+)CD25(+) subset in chronically infected cats. In support of activation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, Western blotting showed Smad 2 phosphorylation in CD8(+) targets following CD4(+)CD25(+)/CD8(+) coculture. These results demonstrate the suppressive effect CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells have on the CD8(+) immune response during the acute and chronic stages of FIV infection and suggest that the mechanism of suppression may be mediated by mTGF-beta.
Active Collisions in Altered Gravity Reveal Eye-Hand Coordination Strategies (2012)

Most object manipulation tasks involve a series of actions demarcated by mechanical contact events, and gaze is usually directed to the locations of these events as the task unfolds. Typically, gaze foveates the target 200 ms in advance of the contact. This strategy improves manual accuracy through visual feedback and the use of gaze-related signals to guide the hand/object. Many studies have investigated eye-hand coordination in experimental and natural tasks; most of them highlighted a strong link between eye movements and hand or object kinematics. In this experiment, we analyzed gaze strategies in a collision task but in a very challenging dynamical context. Participants performed collisions while they were exposed to alternating episodes of microgravity, hypergravity and normal gravity. First, by isolating the effects of inertia in microgravity, we found that peak hand acceleration marked the transition between two modes of grip force control. Participants exerted grip forces that paralleled load force profiles, and then increased grip up to a maximum shifted after the collision. Second, we found that the oculomotor strategy adapted visual feedback of the controlled object around the collision, as demonstrated by longer durations of fixation after collision in new gravitational environments. Finally, despite large variability of arm dynamics in altered gravity, we found that saccades were remarkably time-locked to the peak hand acceleration in all conditions. In conclusion, altered gravity allowed light to be shed on predictive mechanisms used by the central nervous system to coordinate gaze, hand and grip motor actions during a mixed task that involved transport of an object and high impact loads.
Control strategies of active filters in the context of power conditioning (2005)

Active power filters have been intensively explored in the past decade. Various topologies and control schemes have been documented aiming at reducing the cost and improving the performance of the compensation system. Hybrid active filters inherit the efficiency of passive filters and the improved performance of active filters, and thus constitute a viable improved approach for harmonic compensation. In this paper a parallel hybrid filter is studied for current harmonic compensation. The hybrid filter is formed by a single tuned LC filter per phase and a small-rated power three-phase active filter, which are directly connected in series without any matching transformer. The required rating of the active filter is much smaller than a conventional standalone active filter would be. No additional switching-ripple filter is required for the hybrid filter because the LC filter functions not only as a harmonic filter but also as a switching-ripple filter around 10 kHz. Simulation results and experimental results obtained in laboratory confirmed the validity and effectiveness of the control
Uptake, Release, and Metabolism of Citrate in Neurons and Astrocytes in Primary Cultures (1994)

Synthesis, uptake, release, and oxidative metabolism of citrate were investigated in neurons and astrocytes cultured from cerebral cortex or cerebellum. In addition, the possible role of citrate as a donor of the carbon skeleton for biosynthesis of neurotransmitter glutamate was studied. All cell types expressed the enzyme citrate synthase at a high activity, the cerebellar granule neurons containing the enzyme at a higher activity than that found in the astrocytes from the two brain regions or the cortical neurons. Saturable citrate uptake could not be detected in any of the cell types, but the astrocytes, and, in particular, those of cerebellar origin, had a very active de novo synthesis and release of citrate (approximately 70 nmol x h-1 x mg of protein-1). The rate of release of citrate from neurons was < 5% of this value. Using [14C]citrate it could be shown that citrate was oxidatively metabolized to 14CO2 at a modest rate (approximately 1 nmol x h-1 x mg-1 of protein) with slightly higher rates in astrocytes compared with neurons. Experiments designed to investigate the ability of exogenously supplied citrate to serve as a precursor for synthesis of transmitter glutamate in cerebellar granule neurons failed to demonstrate this. Rather than citrate serving this purpose it may be suggested that astrocytically released citrate may regulate the extracellular concentration of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by chelation, thereby modulating neuronal excitability.
Neuromyelitis optica following CMV primo‐infection (2007)

We report the case of an acute optic neuromyelitis with rhabdomyolysis in a 34-year-old immunocompetent transsexual patient following a recent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The combination of optic neuropathy and myelopathy is recognized as Devic's syndrome. Clinical presentation was unusual as the recent CMV infection induced rhabdomyolysis and was the suspected trigger of neuromyelitis.
Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking in benzil-based soft crystalline, cubic liquid crystalline and isotropic liquid phases (2020)

Benzil (diphenylethane-1,2-dione), which is a long known example for an achiral molecule crystallizing in a chiral space group, can also show mirror symmetry breaking in the fluid state if it is suitably functionalized. For some of the new benzil derivatives even three different subsequent mirror symmetry broken soft matter states with a chiral conglomerate structure can be observed. One is an isotropic liquid, the second one a cubic liquid crystal with a complex network structure and the third is a soft crystalline solid. Chirality develops by helical self-assembly combined with dynamic network formation, thus allowing macroscopic chirality synchronization. These achiral molecules, combining a transiently chiral bent core with multiple alkyl chains, provide a unique link between the mirror symmetry breaking phenomena observed for polycatenar and bent-core mesogens. The homogeneously chiral networks are of interest for application as chiral materials, and as templates for chiral recognition, separation and enantioselective catalysis.
Clinical Mastitis in Cows Treated with Sometribove (Recombinant Bovine Somatotropin) and Its Relationship to Milk Yield (1994)

Effect of sometribove (methionyl bovine somatotropin) on mastitis in 15 full lactation trials (914 cows) in Europe and the US and 70 short-term studies (2697 cows) in eight countries was investigated. In full lactation studies, sometribove (500 mg/2 wk) was given for 252 d, commencing 60 d postpartum. Although herds varied considerably, incidence of clinical mastitis within a herd was similar for cows receiving control and sometribove treatments. Relative risk analyses indicated no treatment effect, and percentage of mastitis during treatment was similar for control and sometribove groups. A positive linear relationship existed between peak milk yield and mastitis incidence (percentage of cows contracting mastitis or cases per 100 cow days); sometribove treatment did not alter this relationship. Increases in mastitis related to milk yield increase from sometribove or related to genetic selection were similar. When expressed per unit of milk, mastitis incidence declined slightly as milk yield increased; this relationship was not altered by sometribove. No effect on clinical mastitis was observed in 70 commercial herds utilizing sometribove for 84 d. However, effects were significant for stage of lactation and milk yield. Overall, studies represented a wide range of research and commercial situations demonstrating that sometribove had no effect on incidence of clinical mastitis during the lactation of treatment. Furthermore, sometribove did not alter typical relationships between milk yield or herd factors and incidence of clinical mastitis.
Evaluation of As-Hipped PM High Speed Steel for Production of Large-Diameter Cutting Tools (2003)

Powder Metallurgy has been presented as an important process for producing metallic materials. Specially for high speed steels, it presents many advantages, as finer microstructures and alloy compositions that could not be feasible thought other processes. For large diameter bars, powder metallurgy is important because it produces more isotropic materials, with better carbide distribution, increasing the mechanical properties and notably the toughness. The present work aimed to characterize M3:2 high speed steel produced by powder metallurgy and compare its properties with conventional M2, in bar diameters between 76 and 91 mm. The steels were hardened using austenitizing temperatures varying between 1080 and 1200 °C; tempering was performed at 560 °C. For all austenitizing temperatures, bend toughness and microstructure were analysed and isotropy was evaluated comparing toughness values in transverse and longitudinal directions. The results show that, in the same hardness levels, PM M3:2 high speed steel is tougher than conventional M2. Besides, toughness in PM material is completely isotropic while M2 present differences in relation to the sample direction. Toughness results are closely related to the microstructure of materials, as PM material has a more homogeneous and finer distribution of primary carbides. Thus, the as-HIPed powder metallurgy high speed steel is shown as an important option to improve mechanical properties with maximum isotropy.
Prolonged CD4<sup>+</sup>Cell/Virus Load Discordance during Treatment with Protease Inhibitor–Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy: Immune Response and Viral Control (2003)

Mechanisms that underly discordant CD4+ cell/virus load (VL) responses in patients who receive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) were studied in 30 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, in 3 groups. Discordant responders maintained CD4+ cell levels >200/mm(3) with stable or increasing trend, despite sustained VLs of 500-5000 copies/mL, for >2 years. Treatment-success patients had CD4+ cell counts >200/mm(3) with stable or increasing trend and VLs <50 copies/mL, for >2 years. Treatment-failure patients initially responded to HAART, followed by decreasing CD4+ cell counts and increasing VLs. Interferon-gamma production to gag and noncytolytic CD8+ cell suppressive activity were greater in discordant responders. Cellular activation was greatest in patients with treatment failure. All discordant responders had non-syncytium-inducing (CCR5-tropic) viruses. Viruses from discordant responders and from patients with treatment failure had extensive resistance mutations; discordant responders had significantly lower viral replication capacities. These findings suggest that discordant responses may be related to enhanced HIV-directed immune responses, diminished cellular activation, decreased viral replication capacity, and preservation of non-syncytium-inducing virus strains.
Properties of collagen from barramundi (Lates calcarifer) skin (2013)

The properties of collagens from Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) skin obtained by acid solubilized (control), pepsin and papain aided extractions were investigated. The yields of collagens (dry weight basis) for acid solubilized, pepsin and papain aided extractions were 8.1, 43.6 and 44.0%, respectively. The collagens were generally colorless although collagens from the enzymes aided-extractions were slightly darker. Based on the e-nose evaluation, the collagens were considered odorless. The pH of all the collagens was in the vicinity of 3; however, those extracted with papain had significantly higher pH. The polypeptide profiles obtained in the SDS-PAGE analysis for pepsin extracted collagen were similar to those of acid solubilized collagens. Papain extracted collagen had distinctly different SDS-PAGE pattern. All the extracted collagens were of type 1 with apparent peptides molecular weight distribution of 37 to 250 kDalton. They had high solubility in pH 2 to 5 and increasing NaCl concentration up to 6%.
Apoptosis in glial cells and neurones of human superior cervical ganglion (2006)

Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitetas (302536989)
Modeling the Impact of Airport Deicing/Anti-icing Activities on the Dissolved Oxygen Levels in the Receiving Waterways (2018)

This paper evaluates the efficacy of the environmental management system (EMS) at Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (DFW) in capturing spent aircraft deicing fluids to prevent their discharge into receiving waterways. DFW claims that its EMS captures the spent aircraft deicing fluids completely, leaving only the spent aircraft anti-icing fluids to contribute to drip and shear during taxiing and takeoff and subsequent runoff to the waterways. Glycols in the aircraft deicing and anti-icing fluids reduce dissolved oxygen (DO) in the airport's receiving waterways upon mixing with it during aircraft deicing operations.