gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gravitropism of cucumber hypocotyls: biophysical mechanism of altered growth (1990)

The biophysical basis for the changes in cell elongation rate during gravitropism was examined in aetiolated cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hypocotyls. Bulk osmotic pressures on the two sides of the stem and in the epidermal cells were not altered during the early time course of gravitropism. By the pressure-probe technique, a small increase in turgor (0.3 bar, 30 kPa) was detected on the upper (inhibited) side, whereas there was a negligible decrease in turgor on the lower (stimulated) side. These small changes in turgor and water potential appeared to be indirect, passive consequences of the altered growth and the small resistance for water movement from the xylem, and indicated that the change in growth was principally due to changes in wall properties. The results indicate that the hydraulic conductance of the water-transport pathway was large (.25 h-1 bar-1) and the water potential difference supporting cell expansion was no greater than 0.3 bar (30 kPa). From pressure-block experiments, it appeared that upon gravitropic stimulation (1) the yield threshold of the lower half of the stem did not decrease and (2) the wall on the upper side of the stem was not made more rigid by a cross-linking process. Mechanical measurements of the stress/strain properties of the walls showed that the initial development of gravitropism did not involve an alteration of the mechanical behaviour of the isolated walls. Thus, gravitropism in cucumber hypocotyls occurs principally by an alteration of the wall relaxation process, without a necessary change in wall mechanical properties.
Single amino acid changes in the viral glycoprotein M affect induction of alpha interferon by the corona virus transmissible gastroenteritis virus (1992)

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus, an enteropathogenic coronavirus of swine, is a potent inducer of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) both in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have shown that virus-infected fixed cells or viral suspensions were able to induce an early and strong IFN-alpha synthesis by naive lymphocytes. Two monoclonal antibodies directed against the viral membrane glycoprotein M (29,000; formerly E1) were found to markedly inhibit virus-induced IFN production, thus assigning to M protein a potential effector role in this phenomenon (B. Charley and H. Laude, J. Virol. 62:8-11, 1988). The present report describes the selection and characterization of a collection of 125 mutant viruses which escaped complement-mediated neutralization by two IFN induction-blocking anti-M protein monoclonal antibodies. Two of these mutants, designated H92 and dm49-4, were found to exhibit a markedly reduced interferogenic activity. IFN synthesis by lymphocytes incubated with purified suspensions of these mutants was 30- to 300-fold lower than that of the parental virus. The transcription of IFN-alpha genes following induction by each mutant was decreased proportionally, as evidenced by Northern (RNA) blot analysis. The sequence of the M gene of 20 complement-mediated neutralization-resistant mutants, including the 2 defective mutants, was determined by direct sequencing of genome RNA. Thirteen distinct amino acid changes were predicted, all located at positions 6 to 22 from the N terminus of the mature M protein and within the putative ectodomain of the molecule. Two substitutions, Thr-17 to Ile and Ser-19 to Pro, were assumed to generate the defective phenotypes of mutants dm49-4 and H92, respectively. The alteration of an Asn-Ser-Thr sequence in dm49-4 virus led to the synthesis of an M protein devoid of a glycan side chain, which suggests a possible involvement of this structure in IFN induction. Overall, these data supported the view that an interferogenic determinant resides in the N-terminal, exposed part of the molecule and provided further evidence for the direct role of M protein in the induction of IFN-alpha by transmissible gastroenteritis virus. The acronym VIP (viral interferogenic protein) is proposed as a designation for this particular class of proteins.
Histochemical Localization at the Electron Microscope Level (1963)

Albersheim, Peter, and Ursula Killias. (Harvard U., Cambridge, Mass.) Histochemical localization at the electron microscope level. Amer. Jour. Bot. 50(7): 732–745. Illus. 1963.—This paper discusses the use of chemical reactions for specifically locating cellular constituents with the electron microscope. Presented in detail are results obtained by using alkaline hydroxylamine and ferric chloride as an electron stain for pectin. This treatment also results in the staining of certain cytoplasmic and nucleolar particles of unknown nature. Also described is the use of bismuth as an electron stain for nucleic acids. A series of micrographs is presented depicting bismuth stained onion root tip cells in various stages of mitosis.
AUTACOID INTERACTIONS IN THE REGULATION OF BLOOD FLOW IN THE HUMAN PLACENTA (1998)

1. Interactions between autacoids may play important roles in the regulation of blood flow in the foetal placenta. In order to investigate this aspect of placental haemodynamics, human normal-term placentae were perfused in vitro and the responses of the foetal vessels to various combinations of vasoactive agents were determined. 2. Vasoconstriction responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were potentiated in the presence of endothelin-1 (ET-1), the thromboxane A2-mimetic U46619 and a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine (NOLA), but not in the presence of angiotensin II. 3. N-Nitro-L-arginine caused vasoconstriction of the perfused placenta and indomethacin attenuated this effect and blocked the potentiation of the 5-HT response by NOLA. 4. Indomethacin did not affect ET-1-induced pressure increases and infusion of U46619 had no effect on release of ET-like immunoreactivity into the foetal placental circulation. 5. The present study provides evidence of interactions between several autacoids in human perfused placentae in vitro. These interactions may play important roles in foetal placental haemodynamics in normal or pathological situations.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON 1,3,4‐THIADIAZOL‐DERIVATEN 1. MITT. SYNTH. VON PYRIDYL‐1,3,4‐THIADIAZOL‐DERIVATEN (1970)

Abstract Durch Cyclisierung der Dithiocarbazinsäurealkylester (I) mit konz. Schwefelsäure werden die 1,3,4‐Thiadiazole (II) erhalten, die sich mit KMnO 4 zu den entsprechenden Alkylsulfonylverbindungen (III) oxidieren lassen.
Contrast-enhanced MR angiography. Methods, limitations and possibilities. (1997)

Whereas conventional MRA relies on enhanced blood signal from flow-induced magnitude and/or phase effects, gadolinium-enhanced MRA relies mainly on the enhanced blood signal caused by the reduced relaxation time T1. This has a large impact on the imaging technique used, as well as on the imaging volume orientation and the total scanning time. In general, gadolinium-enhanced MRA is faster, with fewer artifacts than MRA without contrast agents.
A simple method to characterize the impedance of pyroelectric materials at ultra-low frequencies (2016)

The purpose of this work is to demonstrate a new simple stand-alone method of characterizing the impedance of a pyroelectric cell. This method utilizes a pyroelectric single pole low-pass filter technique. Utilizing the properties of a pyroelectric single pole low-pass filter technique, a known input voltage is applied and using simple equations, capacitance C p and resistance R p at a frequency range of 1 mHz to 1 Hz can be calculated. For verification purposes, an LCR meter and an impedance analyzer were exploited at 10 and 100 Hz, respectively. Results showed that R p values for two materials, lead zirconate titanate-5A and polyvinylidene difluoride, were within 8%, and C p values were within 7.5%. In addition, to verify the importance of the impedance values in energy harvesting applications, output power was measured with varying impedance values. The optimal load resistances for polyvinylidene difluoride and lead zirconate titanate-5A were consistent with the measured pyroelectric impedance at the particular heat range with 10.9% and 1.4%, respectively. The pyroelectric single pole low-pass filter method presented here demonstrates that for pyroelectric materials the impedance depends on two major factors: (1) average working temperature and (2) the heating rate. Neglecting these two factors can result in inefficient and unpredictable behavior of pyroelectric materials when used in energy harvesting applications.
Variational Method for Electroelastic Vibration Analysis (1967)

The calculus of variations is applied to the analy- sis of the short-circuit resonant properties of piezoelectric vib- rators. A stationary expression is derived from the equations of motion for such vibrations. This stationary expression is used to develop a approximation technique for detennin- ing the short-circuit resonant frequencies and the corresponding mechanical displacements and electric potentials. The technique is used to analyze the short-circuit resonant properties of fully electroded piezoelectric ceramic discs with comparable diameter and thickness dimensions. Agreement of the barium titanate resonant frequency calculations with Shaw's published experimental frequency spectrum is better than three percent for the lowest eight resonances. Also, exact solutions have been obtained for the equivoluminal modes supported in isotropic elastic discs of certain diameter-to-thickness ratios. The application of the elastic portion of the present electroelastic approxi- mation to such discs produced frequency values for these modes which agree with the exact values to better than 0.3 percent. In the present paper, a stmatiormy expression describing the steady-state vihrations of n piezoelectric insulat,ing solid with N short-circuit,ed clectrodcs on its surface is derived from the steady-stale equations of motion. The stat'iorltlry property of this cspression is used to develop a variational approsirnation technjque for short-c-ircuit elec- troelastic vibration anxlyscs. The technique is applied to the short-circuit vibrations of fully-electroded piczoelec- tric ceramic discs mit.11 comparable diameter and thickness dimensions. Agreeenlent between the BaTi03 calculations and Slmv's cxpcrinlental data(61 proves to be considerably better than that obt,ained with past npproximntion tech- niques. ( The accuracy of the technique is investigated further by comparing calculations for isotropic elastic discs with some exact equivoluminal modes of such discs. C;\r,cur~cs OF Ii.i~~.\~~~~~ IS ELECTROELASTIC ~TI13R.4TIOXS
Foamy Virus Envelope Glycoprotein-Mediated Entry Involves a pH-Dependent Fusion Process (2003)

The concentrations indicated on the x axes of Fig. 2A
Submerged Conidiation and Product Formation by Aspergillus niger at Low Specific Growth Rates Are Affected in Aerial Developmental Mutants (2011)

Exposure to an aerial environment or severe nutrient limitation induces asexual differentiation in filamentous fungi. Submerged cultivation of Aspergillus niger in carbon- and energy-limited retentostat cultures both induces and fuels conidiation. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses have revealed that this differentiation strongly affects product formation. Since conidiation is inherent in the aerial environment, we hypothesized that product formation near zero growth can be influenced by affecting differentiation or development of aerial hyphae in general. To investigate this idea, three developmental mutants (ΔfwnA, scl-1, and scl-2 mutants) that have no apparent vegetative growth defects were cultured in maltose-limited retentostat cultures. The secondary-metabolite profile of the wild-type strain defined flavasperone, aurasperone B, tensidol B, and two so far uncharacterized compounds as associated with conidium formation, while fumonisins B(2), B(4), and B(6) were characteristic of early response to nutrient limitation by the vegetative mycelium. The developmental mutants responded differently to the severe substrate limitation, which resulted in distinct profiles of growth and product formation. fwnA encodes the polyketide synthase responsible for melanin biosynthesis during aerial differentiation, and we show that conidial melanin synthesis in submerged retentostat cultures and aurasperone B production are fwnA dependent. The scl-1 and scl-2 strains are two UV mutants generated in the ΔfwnA background that displayed reduced asexual conidiation and formed sclerotium-like structures on agar plates. The reduced conidiation phenotypes of the scl-1 and scl-2 strains are reflected in the retentostat cultivation and are accompanied by elimination or severely reduced accumulation of secondary metabolites and distinctly enhanced accumulation of extracellular protein. This investigation shows that submerged conidiation and product formation of a mitosporic fungus cultured at low specific growth rates can be fundamentally affected by interfering with the genetic program for differentiation of aerial hyphae, opening new perspectives for tailoring industrial performance.
Clinical features of dialysis patients with atrial fibrillation (2007)

心房細動を持つ透析患者の特徴について検討を行った. 対象は外来透析療法を施行されている心房細動を有する患者29例 (心房細動群) とこれらと透析歴に差がない正常洞調律の患者30例 (コントロール群) であった. これら2群に関して, 血液データ, 患者背景を調べ比較検討を行った. さらに心房細動のタイプにより比較検討を行った (慢性心房細動 : 12例, 一過性心房細動 : 17例). 心房細動群ではコントロール群に比して, 年齢 (p=0.040), 左房径 (p=0.001), 弁膜症の合併率 (p=0.023), 脳梗塞の合併率 (p=0.003) が有意に大きく, アンジオテンシン変換酵素阻害薬 (ACE-I), アンジオテンシンII受容体拮抗薬 (ARB) の投与率 (p=0.017) が有意に低かった. 心房細動のタイプによる比較では, 慢性心房細動の方が透析歴 (p=0.049) が有意に長く, 左房径 (p=0.019), 弁膜症の合併率 (p=0.001) に関しても有意に大きかった. また慢性心房細動群で脳梗塞を発症した症例は抗血栓療法が不十分であり, 一過性心房細動群で抗不整脈薬を投与されている症例のリズムコントロールは不良であった. 以上より, 透析患者における心房細動発症には年齢, 透析期間, 弁膜症の関与が考えられた. また, その管理においてはリズムコントロールは困難であり, 発症抑制にはACE-I, ARBの投与が関係している可能性が推測された.
Confidence Region Estimation for Groundwater Parameter Identification Problems (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Biocompatible [60]/[70] Fullerenols: Potent Defense against Oxidative Injury Induced by Reduplicative Chemotherapy (2017)

Chemotherapy as a conventional cancer treatment suffers from critical systemic side effects, which is generally considered as the consequence of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Fullerenes have been widely studied for their excellent performance in radicals scavenging. In the present study, we report a solid-liquid reaction to synthesize fullerenols and their application as ROS scavengers in chemotherapy protection. The solid-liquid reaction is carried out without catalyst and suitable for mass production. The novel [60]/[70] fullerenols show a high stability in water, and the [70] fullerenols (C<sub>70</sub>-OH) exhibit radical scavenging capability superior to that of [60] fullerenols (C<sub>60</sub>-OH) in chemotherapy protection. The mouse model for single and reduplicative chemotherapy-induced liver injury demonstrates their protective effects in the chemotherapeutic process, which is confirmed by histopathological examinations and hematological index. The increase of the hepatic l-glutathione (GSH) level and downregulated expression of the cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) give the possible mechanism associated with the impact of fullerenols on the metabolism of doxorubicin. The novel fullerenols may be promising protective agents to satisfy the demand for future clinical chemotherapy.
Substrate and Inhibitor-Induced Conformational Changes in the Structurally Related Enzymes UDP-<i>N</i>-Acetylglucosamine Enolpyruvyl Transferase (MurA) and 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate 3-Phosphate Synthase (EPSPS) (1999)

UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) have both a unique three-dimensional topology and overall reaction mechanism in common. In the case of MurA, the substrate-free, unliganded protein exhibits an "open" conformation. Upon binding of substrates, the protein forms a much more tightly packed so-called "closed" form following an induced fit mechanism. In this closed form, the substrates are properly positioned for catalysis. On the basis of the structural and mechanistic similarities of MurA and EPSPS, a similar conformational change is likely to occur in EPSPS to generate a catalytically competent active site. However, there is currently little experimental evidence available to support the occurrence of such a conformational change in EPSPS. Using limited tryptic digestion of MurA,(1) it could be shown that formation of the "closed" conformation of MurA is accompanied by a marked increase of stability toward proteolytic degradation. Formation of the closed conformation was achieved by addition of either an excess of both substrates or the sugar nucleotide substrate in conjunction with the antibiotic fosfomycin. Analysis of the MurA tryptic fragments by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry demonstrates that the protection of the protein in either case is caused by (1) a specific shielding of regions thereby becoming less accessible as a result of the conformational change, and (2) an unspecific overall protection of the whole protein due to an apparently reduced flexibility of the peptide backbone in the binary and ternary complexes. The establishment of methods to describe the effects of tryptic digestion on MurA under various conditions was then extended to EPSPS. Although EPSPS was found to be much more stable toward proteolysis than MurA, the presence of shikimate 3-phosphate (S3P) and the inhibitor glyphosate led to a pronounced suppression of proteolytic degradation. When unliganded EPSPS was treated with trypsin, three of the peptide fragments obtained could be identified by mass spectrometry. Two of these are located in a region corresponding to the "catalytic" loop in MurA which participates in the conformational change. This indicates a conformational change in EPSPS, similar to the one observed in MurA, leading to the protection mentioned above. Corroborating evidence was obtained using a conformational sensitive monoclonal antibody against EPSPS which showed a 20-fold reduced affinity toward the protein complexed with S3P and glyphosate as compared to the unliganded enzyme.
Optimal Bandwidth Sharing in Grid Environments (2006)

We consider the problem of bulk data transfers and bandwidth sharing in the context of grid infrastructures. Grid computing empowers high-performance computing in a large-scale distributed environment. Network bandwidth, which makes the expensive computational and storage resources work in concert, plays an active role on carrying grid applications traffic. Due to specific traffic patterns and application scenarios, grid network resource management encounters new challenges. From the bandwidth sharing perspective, this article looks at network bandwidth shared among computing and storage elements. Referred to as short-lived, grid data requests with transmission window and volume are scheduled in the network. By manipulating the transmission window, the request accept rate and network resource utilization are to be optimized. The formulated optimization problem is proven NP-complete. Associated with proposed heuristics, simulations are carried out to illustrate the pros and cons of each bandwidth sharing strategy and its application scenarios. A tuning factor, that allows for adapting performance objective, is introduced to adjust network infrastructure and workload
An EBIS for Atomic Physics Experiments (1983)

An electron beam ion source to be used in atomic physics experiments has been designed, constructed and partially tested. The source utilizes a conventional solenoid and an externally launched electron beam. Ultra-high vacuum in the ionization region of the source is provided by a distributed sputter-ion pump. The source is relatively simple in design and easy to operate. Thus far it has been used to produce ∼ 300 eV/q multiply charged beams of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and possibly titanium.
Degradation of a <i>Caulobacter</i> Soluble Cytoplasmic Chemoreceptor Is ClpX Dependent (2002)

In order to determine whether ClpXP-mediated proteolysis is a common mechanism used to regulate the chemotaxis machinery during the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus, we have characterized a soluble cytoplasmic chemoreceptor, McpB. The mcpB gene lies adjacent to the major chemotaxis operon, which encodes 12 chemotaxis proteins, including the membrane chemoreceptor McpA. Like McpA, McpB possesses a C-terminal CheBR docking motif and three potential methylation sites, which we suggest are methylated. The McpB protein is degraded via a ClpX-dependent pathway during the swarmer-to-stalked cell transition, and a motif, which is 3 amino acids N-terminal to the McpB CheBR docking site, is required for proteolysis. Analysis of the degradation signal in McpB and McpA reveals a common motif present in the other four chemoreceptors that possess CheBR docking sites. A green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion bearing 58 amino acids from the C terminus of McpA, which contains this motif, is degraded, suggesting that the C-terminal sequence is sufficient to confer ClpXP protease susceptibility.
trans rescue of a mutant poliovirus RNA polymerase function (1991)

A series of three-nucleotide insertions was engineered into the P2 and P3 coding regions of the T7 expression plasmid pT7(tau)-PV1, which encodes a full-length copy of poliovirus type 1 (Mahoney) cDNA. When RNA derived in vitro from these mutated templates was used to transfect HeLa cells, viable virus mutants were recovered. One mutant, Sel-3D-18, which contained a single amino acid insertion in the 3Dpol coding region, was temperature sensitive for growth at 39 degrees C and showed defects in both RNA synthesis and P1 protein processing at the nonpermissive temperature. The RNA replication defect in Se1-3D-18 was identified at the level of RNA chain elongation. A highly specific and sensitive method was developed for analyzing the ability of mutant RNA templates to replicate in the presence or absence of helper functions provided in trans. This approach was used to demonstrate that RNA synthesis in Se1-3D-18 can be rescued by helper functions provided in trans.
Dihydrobiphenylenes through Ruthenium‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions of <i>ortho</i>‐Alkenylarylacetylenes with Alkynes (2014)

Abstract A new synthetic route to dihydrobiphenylenes has been developed. The process involves a mild Ru II ‐catalyzed [2+2+2] dimerization of ortho ‐alkenylarylacetylenes or its more versatile variant, the Ru‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of ortho ‐ethynylstyrenes with alkynes. Mechanistic aspects of this [2+2+2] cycloaddition are discussed.
Production of human α<sub>1</sub>‐antitrypsin in the milk of transgenic sheep and mice: Targeting expression of CDNA sequences to the mammary gland (1991)

Abstract Transgenic sheep have been produced carrying a gene construct comprising cDNA sequences encoding human alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (α1AT) inserted into the first exon of the ovine β‐lactoglobulin gene (BLG). Human α1,AT was detected in the milk of two out of three transgenic sheep and had a similar electrophoretic mobility to that of human plasma‐derived α1AT; however the levels of expression were low (18 μg/ml) and considered insufficient for commercial exploitation. This construct behaved in a similar manner in transgenic mice. A second construct, analogous to BLG‐α1AT, but containing the BLG cDNA was evaluated in transgenic mice. Low levels of expression were obtained, suggesting that such insertion constructs are not compatible with high level expression whatever the origin of the cDNA sequences.
Next Generation Biodegradable Ureteral Stent in a Yucatan Pig Model (2009)

Our study confirms that Uriprene stents are biocompatible and provide good renal drainage. They hold promise for decreasing the need for a secondary procedure and stent related morbidity, such as infection and irritative symptoms.
Highly efficient cw Yb-doped ceramic lasers (2004)

We have been developing highly transparent ceramics for solid-state lasers. The LD-pumped cw Yb-doped ceramic lasers were demonstrated with highly efficient. The low-temperature absorption spectra of the ceramic materials were measured.