gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collusion-resistant, incentive-compatible feedback payments (2007)

Online reputation mechanisms need honest feedback to function effectively. Self-interested agents report the truth only when explicit rewards offset the potential gains obtained from lying. Feedback payment schemes (monetary rewardsfor submitted feedback) can make truth-telling rational based on the correlation between the reports of different buyers. In this paper we investigate incentive-compatible payment mechanisms that are also resistant to collusion: groups of agents cannot collude on a lying strategy without suffering monetary losses. We analyze several scenarios, where, for example, some or all of the agents collude. For each scenario we investigate both existential and implementation problems. Throughout the paper we use automated mechanism design to compute the best possible mechanism for a given setting.
Associational Plant Defenses and the Maintenance of Species Diversity: Turning Competitors Into Accomplices (1986)

The palatable plants investigated in this study gained significant protection from herbivores by associating with abundant competitors that were less susceptible to herbivory. When herbivores were excluded, palatable species associated with unpalatable ones grew at only 14%-19% of the rate of palatable plants separated from unpalatable ones. When herbivores were present, however, palatable species appeared to depend completely on unpalatable competitors to provide microsites of reduced herbivory to prevent grazers from causing local extinction of the preferred species. For the species studied here, the cost of being associated with a larger, unpalatable competitor was much less than the cost of increased consumption in the absence of that competitor. Under these conditions, one competitor can have a strong positive effect on another. Associational defenses can provide an unappreciated mechanism for maintaining species richness within communities that are dominated by one or a few major species. In this community, increases in the abundance of common late-successional competitors led to increases, not decreases, in the abundance and number of other species and to retention, not exclusion, of early-successional species.
Coordinate Nodal and BMP inhibition directs Baf60c-dependent cardiomyocyte commitment (2013)

A critical but molecularly uncharacterized step in heart formation and regeneration is the process that commits progenitor cells to differentiate into cardiomyocytes. Here, we show that the endoderm-derived dual Nodal/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist Cerberus-1 (Cer1) in embryonic stem cell cultures orchestrates two signaling pathways that direct the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex to cardiomyogenic loci in multipotent (KDR/Flk1+) progenitors, activating lineage-specific transcription. Transient inhibition of Nodal by Cer1 induces Brahma-associated factor 60c (Baf60c), one of three Baf60 variants (a, b, and c) that are mutually exclusively assembled into SWI/SNF. Blocking Nodal and BMP also induces lineage-specific transcription factors Gata4 and Tbx5, which interact with Baf60c. siRNA to Cer1, Baf60c, or the catalytic SWI/SNF subunit Brg1 prevented the developmental opening of chromatin surrounding the Nkx2.5 early cardiac enhancer and cardiomyocyte differentiation. Overexpression of Baf60c fully rescued these deficits, positioning Baf60c and SWI/SNF function downstream from Cer1. Thus, antagonism of Nodal and BMP coordinates induction of the myogenic Baf60c variant and interacting transcription factors to program the developmental opening of cardiomyocyte-specific loci in chromatin. This is the first demonstration that cues from the progenitor cell environment direct the subunit variant composition of SWI/SNF to remodel the transcriptional landscape for lineage-specific differentiation.
Development of High-Efficiency Half-Ducted Propeller Fan for Packaged Air Conditioners (2014)

We developed a high-efficiency half-ducted propeller fan to reduce the electric power consumption of the outdoor unit of a packaged air conditioner by using a design tool combining computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with multi-objective optimization techniques based on a genetic algorithm (GA). The baseline fan was a half-ducted propeller fan with three blades of a currently available product. Blade shape was defined using 16 design variables including inlet and outlet blade angles, setting angles, blade length, sweep angles, dihedral angles, and so on. An in-house program was used to automatically generate the grids for CFD calculation. The objective functions were static pressure efficiency and fan noise level for optimization. The fan noise was calculated with an aerodynamic noise prediction model that used the relative inlet and outlet velocities of the fan blades from the CFD results. We found there was a trade-off relationship between the static pressure efficiency and the fan noise. We then selected the optimized fan that had the same noise level as the baseline fan but with an improved static pressure efficiency. The blade tip of the optimized fan was curled toward the suction side direction. Finally, we confirmed through experiments that the static pressure efficiency of the optimized fan was increased by 1.6% compared to the baseline fan.
Kinetics of ligand-displacement reactions of copper(II) complexes of deprotonated linear and macrocyclic dioxotetra-amines. Comparative studies with glycylglycylglycine and glycylglycylhistidine (1979)

The kinetics of displacement of doubly deprotonated linear (X1) and 13–15-membered macrocyclic dioxotetra-amines (X2–X4), compared with glycylglycylglycine (X5) and glycylglycylhistidine (X6), from their copper(II) complexes (all commonly expressed as [CuH–2X]) have been studied with ligands of various degrees of nucleophilicity including a linear tetra-amine (L1), macrocyclic tetra-amines (L2 and L3), or ethylenediaminetetra-acetate (edta) in borate (pH 8–9.5) or lutidine buffers (pH 6–7.5). The proposed mechanisms for X1–X4 are analogous to that reported for X6, where proton assistance is needed to aid cleavage of the non-terminal copper–imide bonds and provide open sites for nucleophilic attack. The effects of cyclization of the X ligands and ring size on the relative stability of the [CuH–2X] complexes are well manifested in the ligand-replacement kinetics. Thus, the 14-membered X3 which forms the most stable complex among X1–X6 is the most inert to the substitution reactions.
Design challenges of high speed ATM communication ASICs (1996)

This presentation will discuss the challenges of the design of the ASICs required by present ATM systems. The problems of such devices are presented based on the experience of Telefonica 1+D. Solutions to some of those problems are also presented, while in other cases the solution is only anticipated and will require new tools and technologies to be provided by the CAE community.
Comparative evaluation of output buffer management schemes in ATM networks (2002)

Investigates the comparative performance of output buffer management schemes for a fast packet switch in an ATM/B-ISDN environment. Specifically, the authors compare the performance of the complete sharing, complete partitioning, sharing with minimum allocation and sharing with maximum puzzle length strategies for a network node with several outgoing links. The performance with respect to throughput and power is quantified for a number of different traffic source models and loading patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HPA-1a phenotype–genotype discrepancy reveals a naturally occurring Arg93Gln substitution in the platelet β3 integrin that disrupts the HPA-1a epitope (2002)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) at position 196 in the beta 3 integrin causes a Leu33Pro substitution in the mature protein. Alloimmunization against the beta 3Leu33 form (human platelet antigen [HPA]-1a, Pl(A1), Zw(a)) in patients who are beta 3Pro33 homozygous (HPA-1b1b, Pl(A2A2), Zw(bb)) causes neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, posttransfusion purpura, or refractoriness to platelet transfusion. Studies with recombinant proteins have demonstrated that amino acids 1 to 66 and 288 to 490 of the beta 3 integrin contribute to HPA-1a epitope formation. In determining the HPA-1a status of more than 6000 donors, we identified a donor with an HPA-1a(weak) phenotype and an HPA-1a1b genotype. The platelets from this donor had normal levels of surface alpha IIb beta 3 but reacted only weakly with monoclonal and polyclonal anti-HPA-1a by whole blood enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, and sandwich ELISA. We reasoned that an alteration in the primary nucleotide sequence of the beta 3Leu33 allele of this donor was disrupting the HPA-1a epitope. In agreement with this hypothesis, sequencing platelet RNA-derived alpha IIb and beta 3 cDNA identified a novel G/A SNP at position 376 of the beta 3 integrin that encodes for an Arg93Gln replacement in the beta 3Leu33 allele. Coexpression of the beta 3Leu33Gln93 encoding cDNA in Chinese hamster ovary cells with human alpha IIb cDNA showed that the surface-expressed alpha IIb beta 3 reacted normally with beta 3 integrin-specific monoclonal antibodies but only weakly with monoclonal anti-HPA-1a. Our results show that an Arg93Gln mutation in the beta 3Leu33 encoding allele disrupts the HPA-1a epitope, suggesting that Arg93 contributes to the formation of the HPA-1a B-cell epitope.
Case Study: Epidural Electrical Stimulation After Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

A 23-year-old athlete who had been struck by a motor vehicle lost all voluntary lower-extremity movement as a result of a chronic C7–T1 subluxation injury. Sensation was present below T1. After 170 sessions of treadmill training with partial body-weight support and fully manually controlled stepping failed to elicit electromyographic (EMG) activity in the leg muscles, a 16 electrode array stimulator was implanted on the dorsal dura over L1–S1.

After additional attempts to stand and step on the treadmill with weight support on the treadmill, the …
Comparison of Arthroscopic and Open Treatment of Septic Arthritis of the Wrist (2009)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Pulmonary pressor responses in sheep to chemically defined precursors of E. coli endotoxin (1987)

The toxicity of various monosaccharide and disaccharide endotoxin precursors has now been studied in sheep. We measured the early pulmonary arterial pressure responses after injections of the monosaccharides lipid X (2,3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate) and MAGP (2-monoacylglucosamine 1-phosphate), of the tetraacyl disaccharide diphosphate precursor of lipid A, IV-A (Federation Proc. 43: 1567, 1984), and of Escherichia coli bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide). We also measured the response of lipid X after prior administration of indomethacin and MAGP. Lipid X, at a total cumulative dose of 40 micrograms/kg, produced an immediate, but transient dose-dependent pulmonary arterial vasoconstrictive response. MAGP, at a total dose of 40 micrograms/kg, had no pulmonary pressure activity but did increase extravascular lung water and produce some histological changes in the lung. Disaccharide precursor IV-A, at a total dose of 40 micrograms/kg, produced an immediate dose-dependent pulmonary arterial vasoconstrictive response that was prolonged for greater than 2 h. E. coli endotoxin caused a delayed (15-min) increase in the pulmonary arterial pressure but one that also persisted for greater than 2 h. Prior administration of indomethacin blocked the pulmonary pressor activity of lipid X, whereas prior administration of MAGP increased both the magnitude and the duration of the pulmonary pressure response of lipid X. We conclude that the initial pulmonary hypertension seen after lipid X injection may involve cyclooxygenase-dependent formation of prostaglandins and that the genesis of this pulmonary pressor activity is at least in part dependent on the ester-linked hydroxymyristoyl moiety at position 3 of the lipid X molecule.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Thermal and excess noise in suspension fibres (2002)

We present a progress report on the measurement of mechanical noise in mirror suspension prototypes. Excess noise in the metal wires has been detected. An advanced technique for the fused silica fibres test has been developed.
Dynamic Channel Reservation for Cognitive Radio Networks (2015)

In cognitive radio networks channel reservation has been a branch of deploying more efficient way to the utilization of spectrum. Because of the dominating status of primary users, secondary users have to make room for them when they come. Channel reservation is defined to reserve several fixed channels only for primary users, which will lead to less frequency spectrum handoffs comparing with no reservation mechanism. However, it is a waste of secondary traffic when the reserved channels are not all occupied. In this paper we define a new way to control the number of reserved channels with flexibility so as to enable more secondary user traffic to serve in the cognitive radio networks. We define system maximum tolerable conditions as Grade of Service to judge the performance. Simulation results show that under the same circumstances of the system maximum tolerable probabilities, dynamic channel reservation mechanism works better than fixed channel reservation mechanism by an increase of about 26% traffic gain.
Inhibition of Bovine Spermatozoa by Caudal Epididymal Fluid: II. Interaction of pH and a Quiescence Factor1 (1984)

Previous studies (Carr and Acott , 1984) indicate that bovine sperm are maintained in a quiescent state in the caudal epididymis (CE) by a pH-dependent inhibitory factor. Here, we have determined that the pH of bovine CE fluid and of CE semen is approximately 5.8, and that the motility of CE sperm in undiluted CE fluid increases as the pH is elevated. Therefore, the acidity of CE fluid may play a physiological role in the maintenance of sperm quiescence. The changes in sperm motility, in response to changes in the pH of CE fluid, are reversible and rapid. Dilution of CE fluid with buffers at either pH 5.5 or 7.6 produces a much slower initiation of motility. In buffer a significantly lower pH is required to inhibit sperm motility than is required in CE fluid. The apparent pKs for inhibition are 5.3 in buffer and 6.6 in CE fluid. However, the motility of sperm in buffers that contain lactate, shows a pH dependence similar to sperm in CE fluid. That is, lactate inactivates sperm in buffer at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.6. Lactate, and several other permeant weak acids, have previously been shown to reduce the intracellular pH of bovine sperm and many other types of cells. We show that these permeant weak acids, but not impermeant weak acids, reversibly reduce CE sperm motility in buffer at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.6. Weak bases, which have previously been shown to elevate intracellular pH, initiate sperm motility in CE fluid. These results suggest that intracellular pH can regulate CE sperm motility and may be the intracellular messenger for the pH-dependent quiescence factor. Although sperm cyclic AMP levels have been previously correlated with motility stimulation, cyclic AMP levels do not change when the pH of CE fluid is elevated, even though full motility is initiated.
High-definition vertically aligned liquid crystal microdisplays using a circularly polarized light (2005)

A high-definition vertically aligned liquid crystal (LC) microdisplay exhibits a excellent contrast ratio, but its fringing field effect splits the bright state unevenly and leads to a very slow response time. By utilizing a circularly polarized light instead of conventional linearly polarized light, we have overcome the long-standing problems of poor sharpness, low brightness, and slow response time. Confirming computer simulations agree with the experimental results well. This approach can be applied to both reflective and transmissive LC microdisplays.
High-resolution resonant Brillouin scattering and the effect of stress on GaAs (1983)

Five-pass Fabry-Perot interferometry is used to obtain the linewidths of exciton polaritons resonant Brillouin scattered in GaAs. Both interbranch and intrabranch peaks are measured. An interpretation of the results in terms of excitons with an energy-independent damping is shown to be inadequate for GaAs. The effect of uniaxial stress is investigated and discussed. Stress-induced splitting (greater than the longitudinal-transverse splitting of the exciton) of the degenerate valence band at the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ point accounts for the observed decrease in the masses of the decoupled excitons. The values of these masses are in agreement with band-structure parameters. The value $\ensuremath{\delta}=0.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ meV for the exciton exchange parameter has been determined from these data.
Reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition of Si1−x−yGexCy/Si and Si1−yCy/Si heterostructures (2002)

We have grown by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition Si1−x−yGexCy/Si and Si1−yCy/Si heterostructures for electrical purposes. The incorporation of substitutional carbon atoms into Si is expected to play a double role. On the one hand, by creating a carrier confinement in the channel region of metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors, the compressive strained Si1−x−yGexCy and the tensile strained Si1−yCy layers can be used to improve transport properties. On the other hand, the addition of carbon atoms can compensate the compressive strain induced by large amounts of Ge. As far as high Ge concentration Si1−x−yGexCy layers are concerned (Ge=18 at. %), x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements show the progressive shift of the Si1−x−yGexCy peak towards the Si substrate peak, evidencing the strain compensation due to the incorporation of carbon atoms into the substitutional sites of the SiGe matrix. Carbon incorporation results in a decrease of the growth rate, from 10 nm/min (for substitutional C=0.46 at. %) down to 9 nm/min (when substitutional C=1.26 at. %). High quality Si1−x−yGexCy layers with up to 1.26 at. % of substitutional carbon atoms were grown. Transmission electron microscopy imaging and the comparison between secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and XRD results revealed that a further increase of the SiCH6 flow leads to an increase of the carbon incorporation into interstitial sites, which translates into a rapid deterioration of the Si1−x−yGexCy layer. Slightly compressive-strained Si1−x−yGexCy layers (Ge=4 at. %) have also been grown. Through the increase of the SiCH6 flow we have managed to tailor the Si1−x−yGexCy layer strain from compressive to tensile. The Si1−x−yGexCy growth rate drops from 3.4 nm/min down to 3.0 nm/min when the substitutional carbon concentration increases from 0.4 up to 1.21 at. %. Finally, Si1−yCy/Si tensile-strained heterostructures were grown. Smaller growth rates (1.8 nm/min) for Si1−yCy than for Si1−x−yGexCy are obtained. SIMS and XRD measurements indicate that the highest carbon concentration Si1−yCy layer (substitutional C=1.12 at. %) also contains many interstitial carbon atoms (interstitial C=0.45 at. %).
<title>Wave beaming effects in bidimensional cellular structures</title> (2002)

Cellular structures like honeycombs or reticulated micro-frames are widely used in sandwich construction because of their superior structural static and dynamic properties. Aim of this study is to evaluate the dynamic behavior of bi-dimensional cellular structures, with focus on the effect of the geometry of the unit cell composing the solid on the dynamics of the propagation of elastic waves within the structure. The characteristics of wave propagation for the considered class of cellular solids are analyzed through the Finite Element model of the unit cell and the application of the theory of periodic structures. This combined analysis yields the phase constant surfaces, which define the directions of wave propagation in the plane of the structure for assigned frequency values. The analysis of iso-frequency contour lines in the phase constant surfaces allows predicting the location and extension of angular ranges, and therefore regions within the structures, where waves do not propagate. The performance of honeycomb grids of regular hexagonal topology is compared with that of grids of various geometries, with emphasis on configurations featuring a negative Poisson's ratio behavior. The harmonic response of the considered structures at specified frequencies confirms the predictions from the analysis of the phase constant surfaces and demonstrates the strongly spatial dependent characteristics of periodic cellular structures. The presented numerical results indicate the potentials of the phase constant surfaces as tools for the evaluation of the wave propagation characteristics of this class of two-dimensional periodic structures. Optimal design configurations can be identified in order to achieve desired transmissibility levels in specified directions and to obtain efficient vibration isolation capabilities. The findings from the presented investigations and the described analysis methodology will provide invaluable guidelines for the prototyping of future concepts of honeycombs or cellular structures with enhanced vibro-acoustics performance.
Myristate exchange on the Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein. (1996)

The glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of the Trypanosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) is unique in having exclusively myristate as its fatty acid component. We previously demonstrated that the myristate specificity is the result of two independent pathways. First, the newly synthesized free GPI, which is not myristoylated, undergoes fatty acid remodeling to replace both its fatty acids with myristate. Second, the myristoylated precursor, glycolipid A, undergoes a myristate exchange reaction, detected by the replacement of unlabeled myristate by [3H]myristate. Remodeling and exchange have different enzymatic properties and apparently occur in different subcellular compartments. We now demonstrate that the GPI anchor linked to VSG is the major substrate for myristate exchange. VSG can be efficiently labeled with [3H]myristate by exchange in the presence of cycloheximide, an inhibitor that prevents new VSG synthesis and thus anchor addition to protein. Not only is newly synthesized VSG subject to exchange, but mature VSG, possibly recycling from the cell surface, also undergoes myristate exchange.
Hydrogen plasma diagnostics by resonant multiphoton optogalvanic spectroscopy (1978)

Direct pulsed-laser photoionization of neutral atomic hydrogen or deuterium in a discharge plasma is shown to result in large voltage changes across the electrodes. The ground- and excited-state densities and the translational temperature of the H and D atoms within the plasma are probed by this technique.
Polymorphism K469E of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene and restenosis after coronary stenting in Chinese patients. (2004)

In our study population, KK homozygotes of the ICAM-1 codon 469 mutation had a higher risk of restenosis after coronary stenting, especially in the case of obese or hyperlipemia patients.