gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein quality control in protection against systolic overload cardiomyopathy: the long term role of small heat shock proteins. (2010)

Molecular chaperones represent the first line of defense of intracellular protein quality control. As a major constituent of molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins (HSP) are known to confer cardiomyocyte short-term protection against various insults and injuries. Previously, we reported that the small HSP αB-crystallin (CryAB) attenuates cardiac hypertrophic response in mice subjected to 2 weeks of severe pressure overload. However, the long-term role of small HSPs in cardiac hypertrophy and failure has rarely been studied. The present study investigates the cardiac responses to chronic severe pressure overload in CryAB/HSPB2 germ line ablated (KO) and cardiac-specific CryAB overexpressingtransgenic (TG) mice. Pressure overload was induced by transverse aortic constriction in KO, TG, and non-transgenic wild type (NTG) control mice and 10 weeks later molecular, cellular, and whole organ level hypertrophic responses were analyzed. As we previously described, CryAB/HSPB2 KO mice showed abnormal baseline cardiac physiology that worsened into a restrictive cardiomyopathic phenotype with aging. Severe pressure overload in these mice led to rapid deterioration of heart function and development of congestive cardiac failure. Contrary to their short term protective phenotype, CryAB TG mice showed no significant effects on cardiac hypertrophic responses and very modest improvement of hemodynamics during chronic systolic overload. These findings indicate that small HSPs CryAB and/or HSPB2 are essential to maintain cardiac structure and function but overex-pression of CryAB is not sufficient to confer a sustained protection against chronic systolic overload.
Minimal shift counters and frequency division (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Minimal shift counters and frequency division Author: Alice M. Tokarnia View Profile Authors Info & Claims DAC '93: Proceedings of the 30th international Design Automation ConferenceJuly 1993 Pages 19–24https://doi.org/10.1145/157485.164554Published:01 July 1993Publication History 1citation151DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads151Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
[Genetic variability of Bordetella pertussis strains. Part I. Current knowledge]. (2003)

Variability of B. pertussis genome concerning S1 subunit of pertussis toxin (ptxS1) and pertactin (prn) genes has recently been recognised. Studies clearly showed differences in the DNA patterns and ptxS1 and prn alleles present in B. pertussis strains used for production of pertussis component in the DTP vaccine, in comparison to strains presently isolated from clinical materials. This trend has been observed in highly immunized populations with a long history of pertussis vaccination (The Netherlands, Finland, Poland, USA). Different ptxS1 and prn allele distribution for different countries needs further careful monitoring.
Modern and Ancient Lake Sediments: An Introduction (1978)

This chapter contains sections titled: References
Plant Lipoxygenase: Structure and Function (1991)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
The Choice of Capital Structure, the Scale of Financing and Debt Refunding (2003)

Differing from previous ones on the change of debt ratio, this study focuses on the choices between debt and equity financing with an attempt to integrate the change of debt ratio by using Tobit model to form a target capital structure and then explores whether firms have optimal capital structure and find out which factors affect the choice of financing using logistic regression. In addition, previous studies usually treat the scale of issuing financial instruments as exogenous variables, while this study explores whether the factors affecting financing option change the scale of outside financing and debt refunding. The empirical findings for the choice of financing indicate that 1. firms, being high-tech or not, may have target capital structure and move toward the target when they are away from it in Taiwan; 2. firms with high profitability or growth rate or with good performance in stock returns tend to select issuing equity; 3. when issuing equity may dilute corporate earnings or stock face value, firms may avoid using equity financing; 4. non-debt tax shield and the pressure from using short-term debt do not affect management in selection between debt and equity financing. The findings for the scale of financing and debt refunding indicate that 1. target capital structure not only affects the choice of financing method but also influences the scale of financing and debt refunding; 2. the higher the growth of the firm, the more its equity or convertible bond financing goes; 3. the better the performance of the stock returns, the more the equity financing the firm takes; 4. firms with high growth rate or with good performance in stock returns or with more pressure from using short-term debt tend to have larger scale of debt refunding

Keywords: Capital Structure, Financing, Equity, Debt Refunding
Characterization and direct quantitation of sphingoid base-1-phosphates from lipid extracts: a shotgun lipidomics approach (2006)

Here, we have extended shotgun lipidomics for the characterization and quantitation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (DHS1P) in crude lipid extracts in the presence of ammonium hydroxide by using precursor ion scanning of m/z 79.0 (corresponding to [PO(3)](-)) in the negative-ion mode. It is demonstrated that a broad linear dynamic range for the quantitation of both S1P and DHS1P and a detection limit at low amol/mul concentration are achieved using this approach. The developed method for the quantitation of sphingoid base-1-phosphates is generally simpler and more efficient than other previously published methods. Multiple factors influencing the quantitation of sphingoid base-1-phosphates, including ion suppression, extraction efficiency, and potential overlapping with other molecular species, were examined extensively and/or are discussed. Mass levels of S1P and DHS1P in multiple biological samples, including human plasma, mouse plasma, and mouse brain tissues (e.g., cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, and brain stem), were determined by the developed methodology. Accordingly, this technique, as a new addition to shotgun lipidomics technology, will be extremely useful for understanding the pathways of sphingolipid metabolism and for exploring the important roles of sphingoid base-1-phosphates in a wide range of physiological and pathological studies.
Use of Eye Control to Select Switches (1986)

Eye-controlled switching has been proposed as a biocybernetic control approach which may increase system effectiveness while reducing pilot workload. In this experiment, six subjects selected discrete switches on the front panel of a cockpit simulator while manually tracking a target. In two eye-controlled methods, the subjects directed their gaze at the switch indicated by an auditory cue and then made a consent input (either a manual response or a verbal response). In a conventional manual condition, subjects selected the switches with their left hand. The analysis of mean switching time suggests that eye control is a feasible alternative when hands-off control is desired. Tracking performance was found to differ significantly among switching conditions, indicating the importance of quantifying the efficiency of candidate control methods in visual workload environments analogous to that of the application environment.
Lissencephaly and Other Malformations of Cortical Development: 1995 Update (1995)

Neuronal migration disorders are a group of malformations of the brain which primarily affect development of the cerebral cortex. The best known of these is lissencephaly (smooth brain). Most types result from incomplete neuronal migration to the cortex during the third and fourth months of gestation. In this review, we describe and illustrate the different types of neuronal migration disorders. We also review the many different genetic syndromes associated with neuronal migration disorders. Over 25 syndromes with lissencephaly or other neuronal migration disorders have been described. Among them are syndromes with several different patterns of inheritance including chromosomal or new mutation autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked and unknown. Genetic counseling thus differs greatly between syndromes. The genes responsible for several of the lissencephaly syndromes have been mapped. X-linked lissencephaly has tentatively been mapped to chromosome Xq22 based on observation of a single X-autosomal translocation in a girl. Both Miller-Dieker syndrome and isolated lissencephaly sequence (in many patients) were mapped to chromosome 17p13.3 by detection of deletions and other structural chromosome rearrangements. Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy was mapped to chromosome 9q31-33 by homozygosity mapping.
Raman Mapping Investigation of Graphene on Transparent Flexible Substrate: The Strain Effect (2008)

We report a Raman mapping investigation of strain effects on graphene on transparent and flexible substrate. Raman mappings reveal a significant red-shift of the 2D mode with introduction of tensile strain, distribution of local strain in the strained graphene, and immediate recovery after strain relaxation. The systematic fitting and statistical analysis quantify the tensile strain sensitivity of graphene, which is comparable to the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and implies the potential of graphene as an ultrasensitive strain sensor. The uniaxial strain will break the sublattice symmetry of graphene, hence changing its electronic band structures, for example, bandgap opening. This suggests the potential to desirably tune electronic band structures of graphene by controllably introducing strain.
Understanding Bland Altman analysis (2015)

In a contemporary clinical laboratory it is very common to have to assess the agreement between two quantitative methods of measurement. The correct statistical approach to assess this degree of agreement is not obvious. Correlation and regression studies are frequently proposed. However, correlation studies the relationship between one variable and another, not the differences, and it is not recommended as a method for assessing the comparability between methods. In 1983 Altman and Bland (B&A) proposed an alternative analysis, based on the quantification of the agreement between two quantitative measurements by studying the mean difference and constructing limits of agreement. The B&A plot analysis is a simple way to evaluate a bias between the mean differences, and to estimate an agreement interval, within which 95% of the differences of the second method, compared to the first one, fall. Data can be analyzed both as unit differences plot and as percentage differences plot. The B&A plot method only defines the intervals of agreements, it does not say whether those limits are acceptable or not. Acceptable limits must be defined a priori, based on clinical necessity, biological considerations or other goals. The aim of this article is to provide guidance on the use and interpretation of Bland Altman analysis in method comparison studies.
Multiple Scattering of Neutrons (1957)

A variational principle is derived for the probability that a neutron, incident upon a body of arbitrary shape and suffering multiple collisions within the body, will be absorbed by the body. Using constant trial function, the variational results are compared to sensibly exact numerical results for the case of an infinite cylinder.
Role of SraP, a Serine-Rich Surface Protein of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> , in Binding to Human Platelets (2005)

The binding of bacteria to platelets is a postulated central event in the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis. Platelet binding by Streptococcus gordonii is mediated in large part by GspB, a high-molecular-mass cell wall glycoprotein. Although Staphylococcus aureus has a GspB homolog (SraP), little is known about its function. SraP has a calculated molecular mass of 227 kDa and, like GspB, is predicted to contain an atypical N-terminal signal sequence, two serine-rich repeat regions (srr1 and srr2) separated by a nonrepeat region, and a C-terminal cell wall anchoring motif (LPDTG). To assess whether SraP contributes to platelet binding, we compared the binding to human platelets of S. aureus strain ISP479C and of an isogenic variant (strain PS767) in which sraP had been disrupted by allelic replacement. Platelet binding in vitro by PS767 was 47% +/- 17% (mean +/- standard deviation) lower than that of ISP479C (P < 0.001). In addition, a recombinant fragment of SraP containing srr1 and the nonrepeat region was found to bind platelets directly. Binding was saturable, suggesting a receptor-ligand interaction. When tested in a rabbit model of endocarditis, in which each animal was simultaneously infected with ISP479C and PS767 at a ratio of approximately 1:1, the titers of the mutant strain within vegetations were significantly lower than those of the parent strain at 1 and 24 h postinfection. These results indicate that SraP can mediate the direct binding of S. aureus to platelets and that the platelet-binding domain of this glycoprotein is located within its N-terminal region. Moreover, the expression of SraP appears to be a virulence determinant in endovascular infection.
A 3-D Anthropometric-Muscle-Based Active Appearance Model (2006)

This paper describes a novel method for modeling the shape and appearance of human faces in three dimensions using a constrained three-dimensional (3-D) active appearance model (AAM). Our algorithm is an extension of the classical two-dimensional (2-D) AAM. The method uses a generic 3-D wireframe model of the face, based on two sets of controls: anatomically motivated muscle actuators to model facial expressions and statistically based anthropometrical controls to model different facial-types. The 3-D anthropometric-muscle-based model (AMBM) of the face allows representing a facial image in terms of a controlled model-parameter set, hence, providing a natural and constrained basis for face segmentation and analysis. The generated face models are consequently simpler and less memory intensive compared to the classical appearance-based models. The proposed method allows for accurate fitting results by constraining solutions to be valid instances of a face model. Extensive image-segmentation experiments have demonstrated the accuracy of the proposed algorithm against the classical AAM.
A new substitution, gamma 358 Ser-->Cys, in fibrinogen Milano VII causes defective fibrin polymerization (1994)

Fibrinogen Milano VII is a hereditary fibrinogen variant detected in a woman with no clinical symptoms of bleeding or thrombosis. Thrombin and reptilase clotting times were prolonged in six family members from three generations. Release of fibrinopeptides A and B was normal. Fibrin polymerization was strongly delayed both in the presence and in the absence of calcium. The structural defect was determined by sequence analysis of a 290-bp fragment of genomic DNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned in M13mp19. The triplet TCT coding for the amino acid residue gamma 358 was found to be replaced by TGT, resulting in the substitution gamma 358 Ser-->Cys. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated the presence of covalently linked fibrinogen albumin and fibrinogen (albumin)2 complexes. Albumin was released from fibrinogen Milano VII by limited reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. Fibrin polymerization was not normalized after removal of albumin from fibrinogen Milano VII, suggesting that the delayed clot formation is not due to steric hindrance caused by bound albumin but by substitution of gamma 358 Ser by Cys itself. Our results indicate that the residue gamma 358 Ser is essential for normal expression of the carboxy terminal polymerization site on the fibrinogen gamma-chain.
Experimental Investigation into the Influence of Mixing on Nanoparticle Precipitation (2002)

Precipitation is a promising method for the economic production of commercial amounts of nanoparticles because it is fast, and operable at ambient temperature. However, process control – due to the rapidity of the involved processes of mixing, nucleation, growth, and agglomeration – and stabilization against agglomeration represent challenges. This paper shows how these challenges can be successfully handled. The focus of this work is therefore set on how to tailor the particle-size distribution in continuous precipitation. Precipitation experiments with barium sulfate in a T-mixer are presented. It was found that the size of the precipitated primary particles is strongly dependent on the mixing intensity. On increasing the mixing intensity, it was possible to generate particles of approximately 50 nanometers in diameter. The second challenge, to stabilize the particles against agglomeration, was successfully met by adsorbing potential-determining ions on the particle surfaces, i.e., by increasing repulsive particle interactions. Thus, stable suspensions of barium sulfate nanoparticles were obtained.
Electronic design for portable electrical capacitance sensor: A multiphase flow measurement (2011)

The earlier research shows that the electrical capacitance sensor through the tomography technique is applicable in flow visualization or image reconstruction, named as Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT). ECT can be used for imaging industrial multi-component processes involving nonconducting fluids and solids in pipelines. The electrical capacitance sensor is a non-invasive device that uses non-intrusive technique to measure the concentration of flow inside a closed pipe by measuring variations in the dielectric permittivity of the material. The capacitance of the sensor changes when the mean dielectric constant between the electrodes varies due to variations in the percentage of gas and liquid flowing in the pipe. The acquired concentration profile that obtains from capacitance measurements is able to imaging liquid and gas mixture in pipelines, meanwhile the system development is designed to attach on a vessel. The electrode plates which act as the sensor previously has been assemble fixed on the pipeline, thus it causes difficulty for the production to have any new process installation in the future. Therefore on-board sensing plate offers a new design and idea on ECT system which is portable to be assembled in different diameter sizes of pipeline, and it's flexible to apply in any number due to different size of pipeline without redesign the sensing module. The on-board sensing plate development contains signal conditioning circuit and sensing electrode built in a single module (embedded on single plate). In this paper, the details on fabricating the sensors electrodes, had been described, including signal conditioning circuit/electronic part of measurement, such as stray immune capacitance measurement circuit, amplifying circuit, AC to DC converter circuit and filter circuit.
THE PLASMA ENHANCED DEPOSITION OF IRON AND IRON OXIDE THIN FILMS (1979)

Plasma enhanced deposition was used to form iron and iron oxide thin films from an iron pentacarbonyl source in a glow discharge, parallel plate reactor.The carbon and oxygen content of the films increased with increasing rf power.The increase in oxygen content was much greater than that of carbon, however, for films deposited at substrate temperatures above 200 o C. Small crystallites (30 -300A) of a-Fe and iron oxide (Fe 3 0 4 or Y-Fe 2 0 J ) were formed at substrate temperatures of IS00C or above.The concentration of a-Fe crystallites increased with increasing substrate temperature and appeared to decrease with increasing rf power.Magnetic hysteresis was observed for films deposited at temperatures above ISOoC.The coercive force ranged from 5 to 45 oersteds, increasing with both increasing substrate temperature and increasing rf power.The specific magnetization at saturation decreased from 2 to 0.4 weber-meter/kilogram by increasing the rf power from 10 to 100 watts.Square hysteresis loops (Br/Bs ~ 1)were observed for a substrate temperature of 300 0 C and rf power levels ~ above 30 watts.The magnetization, M, was found to lie in the film plane.
CC chemokine ligand 2 upregulates the current density and expression of TRPV1 channels and Nav1.8 sodium channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons (2012)

Our results showed that CCL2 increased the function and mRNA level of TRPV1 channels and Na(v)1.8 sodium channels in small DRG sensory neurons via activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings suggest that following tissue inflammation or peripheral nerve injury, upregulation and release of CCL2 within the DRG could facilitate pain transmission mediated by nociceptive DRG neurons and could induce hyperalgesia by upregulating the expression and function of TRPV1 and Na(v)1.8 channels in DRG nociceptive neurons.
Linearised charge pump independent of current mismatch through timing rearrangement (2010)

In conventional fractional N phase-locked loops (PLLs), charge pump nonlinearity dominates the overall loop linearity. A nonlinear charge pump increases close-in phase noise and fractional spur. Charge pump nonlinearity is mainly caused by up and down current mismatch which is in turn caused by device mismatch, and finite output impedance. A new charge pump linearisation technique is proposed by introducing an extra delay in the phase-frequency detector (PFD), so that charge nonlinearity caused by current mismatch is cancelled. The new method is independent of current mismatch. A fractional N PLL has been implemented in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology with the proposed linearisation technique. The measured fractional spur at 300 kHz offset is −77 dBc at 3.975 GHz.
Epidemiology of coronary heart disease and acute coronary syndrome (2016)

The aim of this review is to summarize the incidence, prevalence, trend in mortality, and general prognosis of coronary heart disease (CHD) and a related condition, acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although CHD mortality has gradually declined over the last decades in western countries, this condition still causes about one-third of all deaths in people older than 35 years. This evidence, along with the fact that mortality from CHD is expected to continue increasing in developing countries, illustrates the need for implementing effective primary prevention approaches worldwide and identifying risk groups and areas for possible improvement.
Excretion of amino acids by 1,2,4-triazole-3-alanine-resistant mutants of Methanococcus voltae (1989)

In contrast to wild-type cells, it was found that triazole-alanine-resistant mutants of Methanococcus voltae excreted histidine, proline, phenylalanine, and tyrosine in various combinations. These results suggest that a form of general amino acid biosynthetic control may operate in this methanogen. We also show that wild-type M. voltae excretes methionine.