gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrode feed system for segmented electrode MHD accelerator. (1967)

The distribution of power to a large number of electrodes in a segmented electrode, cross-field accelerator requires a very complex feed system if each electrode pair is to be electrically isolated from all others to prevent the undesirable flow of current in the axial direction. An arrangement for interconnecting groups of electrodes on a single feed system (and power supply) that also supplies the requirements for zero axial current flow has been developed for the Aerospace MHD wind tunnel. The characteristics of this electrode feed system and its advantages, at least for a pulse-type facility, are described. (Author)
Cross-sectional relations of multiple biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways to plasma markers of collagen metabolism in the community (2009)

In our large community-based sample, plasma homocysteine and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were positively related to circulating collagen biomarkers, consistent with experimental studies implicating these pathways in cardiovascular collagen turnover.
Orientation-Regulated Platforms for Use in Biplanar Bicycles (1999)

Abstract This work develops an active feedback control law that provides robust regulation for a pendulating platform attached to a new class of land vehicle. The biplanar bicycle is a novel two-wheeled single-axle differentially driven vehicle. The vehicle generates locomotive torques by driving against a reaction mass (comprised of the main chassis, motors, etc.), which is free to rotate. The lack of a fixed-orientation mount for peripheral and excitation-sensitive equipment may be a major disadvantage of this new vehicle class. However, active feedback control using a second reaction or proof mass to stabilize a platform fills this need. Here, the procedure for modeling and control of such a structure is demonstrated through the example of a camera spar for an autonomous biplanar bicycle. The dynamics of the example are developed using Lagrangian techniques. The application of optimal control theory to a linearized approximation of the plant is shown to provide robust regulation, with respect to perturbations and external disturbances, of the fully nonlinear system.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline update on chemotherapy for stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. (2010)

The purpose of this article is to provide updated recommendations for the treatment of patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. A literature search identified relevant randomized trials published since 2002. The scope of the guideline was narrowed to chemotherapy and biologic therapy. An Update Committee reviewed the literature and made updated recommendations. One hundred sixty-two publications met the inclusion criteria. Recommendations were based on treatment strategies that improve overall survival. Treatments that improve only progression-free survival prompted scrutiny of toxicity and quality of life. For first-line therapy in patients with performance status of 0 or 1, a platinum-based two-drug combination of cytotoxic drugs is recommended. Nonplatinum cytotoxic doublets are acceptable for patients with contraindications to platinum therapy. For patients with performance status of 2, a single cytotoxic drug is sufficient. Stop first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy at disease progression or after four cycles in patients who are not responding to treatment. Stop two-drug cytotoxic chemotherapy at six cycles even in patients who are responding to therapy. The first-line use of gefitinib may be recommended for patients with known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation; for negative or unknown EGFR mutation status, cytotoxic chemotherapy is preferred. Bevacizumab is recommended with carboplatin-paclitaxel, except for patients with certain clinical characteristics. Cetuximab is recommended with cisplatin-vinorelbine for patients with EGFR-positive tumors by immunohistochemistry. Docetaxel, erlotinib, gefitinib, or pemetrexed is recommended as second-line therapy. Erlotinib is recommended as third-line therapy for patients who have not received prior erlotinib or gefitinib. Data are insufficient to recommend the routine third-line use of cytotoxic drugs. Data are insufficient to recommend routine use of molecular markers to select chemotherapy.
Lessons of a day hospital: Comprehensive assessment of patients with albinism in a European setting (2017)

Albinism is a rare genetic disease, comprising syndromic and non-syndromic forms. We assessed clinical and genetic characteristics in a prospective evaluation of 64 patients (33 children and 31 adults) seen at a specialized day hospital. Causative genetic mutations were found in TYR (23/64, 35.9%), OCA2 (19/64, 29.7%), TYRP1 (1/64, 1.6%), SLC45A2 (12/64, 18.7%), C10orf11 (1/64, 1.6%), HPS1 (3/64, 4.7%), HPS5 (1/64, 1.5%), HPS6 (1/64, 1.6%) and GPR143 (2/64, 3.1%). Causative mutations remained undetermined for one patient (1.6%). Heterogeneity for hair and skin phenotype was noted across and within the different genotypes. Skin and hair hypopigmentation did not correlate with visual impairment. The diagnosis of unrecognized syndromic forms and of cases of ocular albinism in this prospective and comprehensive series of patients with albinism in a European setting is remarkable. Photoprotection was overall good but not optimal.
Design methodology for the mechanical reliability of optical fiber (1991)

An engineering methodology for the mechanical reliability of optical fiber is developed within a fracture-mechanics framework. The model expresses allowable in-service and installation stresses as a fraction of fiber strength in a fatigue environment for a range of <i>n</i> values and fiber types. Failure probability is incorporated into the model by the measurement of the fiber-strength distribution appropriate to the application. For long-length applications, strength distributions of hundreds to thousands of kilometers of fiber are needed. A 400-km strength distribution captures the beginnings of the truncated portion of the distribution.
Miniature built-in quad-band antennas for mobile handsets (2003)

A new built-in quad-band handset antenna for covering GSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900, and UMTS2000 bands is presented. Details of the antenna are discussed along with measured and simulated results. The simulation is based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method.
<i>O</i><sup>6</sup>-Carboxymethylguanine in DNA forms a sequence context-dependent wobble base-pair structure with thymine (2014)

N-Nitrosation of glycine and its derivatives generates potent alkylating agents that can lead to the formation of O(6)-carboxymethylguanine (O(6)-CMG) in DNA. O(6)-CMG has been identified in DNA derived from human colon tissue and its occurrence has been linked to diets high in red and processed meats, implying an association with the induction of colorectal cancer. By analogy to O(6)-methylguanine, O(6)-CMG is expected to be mutagenic, inducing G-to-A mutations that may be the molecular basis of increased cancer risk. Previously, the crystal structure of the DNA dodecamer d(CGCG[O(6)-CMG]ATTCGCG) has been reported, in which O(6)-CMG forms a Watson-Crick-type pair with thymine similar to the canonical A:T pair. In order to further investigate the versatility of O(6)-CMG in base-pair formation, the structure of the DNA dodecamer d(CGC[O(6)-CMG]AATTTGCG) containing O(6)-CMG at a different position has been determined by X-ray crystallography using four crystal forms obtained under conditions containing different solvent ions (Sr(2+), Ba(2+), Mg(2+), K(+) or Na(+)) with and without Hoechst 33258. The most striking finding is that the pairing modes of O(6)-CMG with T are quite different from those previously reported. In the present dodecamer, the T bases are displaced (wobbled) into the major groove to form a hydrogen bond between the thymine N(3) N-H and the carboxyl group of O(6)-CMG. In addition, a water molecule is bridged through two hydrogen bonds between the thymine O(2) atom and the 2-amino group of O(6)-CMG to stabilize the pairing. These interaction modes commonly occur in the four crystal forms, regardless of the differences in crystallization conditions. The previous and the present results show that O(6)-CMG can form a base pair with T in two alternative modes: the Watson-Crick type and a high-wobble type, the nature of which may depend on the DNA-sequence context.
n-Propyl Alcohol–n-Propyl Acetate–Water (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTn-Propyl Alcohol–n-Propyl Acetate–WaterThomas E. Smith and Robert F. BonnerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 5, 896–898Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50485a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50485a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Regulation of hepatic endothelial cell and macrophage proliferation and nitric oxide production by GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-1<i>β</i> following acute endotoxemia (1994)

Abstract Treatment of rats with bacterially derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a condition that mimics acute endotoxemia, results in a significant increase in the number of endothelial cells and macrophages in the liver. This is correlated with the release of proinflammatory and cytotoxic mediators that induce liver damage. In the present studies, we analyzed the effects of various inflammatory mediators released during the pathogenesis of hepatic injury on proliferation of liver nonparenchymal cells. To induce acute endotoxemia female Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with 5 mg/kg LPS. Endothelial cells and macrophages were isolated 48 h later by combined collagenase and pronase perfusion of the liver followed by centrifugal elutriation. Interleukin-1α (IL-1α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) had no effect on proliferation of either endothelial cells or macrophages. In contrast, whereas interleukin-1β (IL-1β) inhibited the proliferation of endothelial cells from untreated rats, this cytokine stimulated the growth of cells from endotoxemic rats. The colony-stimulating factors, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-GSF), also markedly enhanced the proliferation of endothelial cells, as well as macrophages from endotoxemic rats. Macrophages from endotoxemic rats were more sensitive to the colony-stimulating factors than cells from untreated rats. In contrast, the inflammatory mediators LPS and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inhibited endothelial cell and macrophage growth, an effect that was partially blocked in endothelial cells by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-aiginine (L-NMMA). This suggests that growth inhibition in these cells is mediated, in part, by nitric oxide. Interestingly, in both endothelial cells and macrophages from endotoxemic rats, GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-1β synergized with LPS and IFN-γ to induce nitric oxide production. This was correlated with a further inhibition of proliferation that was partially reversed by L-NMMA in endothelial cells but not macrophages. Taken together these data demonstrate that endothelial cell and macrophage proliferation in the liver is controlled by a variety of mediators released during endotoxemia; however, the mechanisms regulating growth in the two cell types are distinct. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 507–513; 1994.
DETECTION OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN THE OLDER POPULATION OF A LARGE RUSSIAN CITY (2013)

One of the major problems of modern medicine is the epidemics of diabetes mellitus (DM). Population ageing, increased life expectancy, and improved treatment quality make this problem one of the key healthcare targets. Aim. To assess the diagnostic value of different criteria in the DM detection among megapolis-dwelling participants of a population study, aged 55 years and older. Material and methods. The cross-sectional data came from a representative sample of SAHR (Survey on Stress, Aging, and Health in Russia) study (n=1868, including 893 men; response rate 64%). All participants underwent a standard questionnaire survey on socio￾demographic characteristics, risk factors (RFs), and medical history, as well as a clinical and laboratory examination, with the measurement of fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). DM was diagnosed if at least one of following criteria was met: 1) positive response to the question “Has a doctor ever told you that you have diabetes?”; 2) fasting glucose ≥7,0 mmol/l; and 3) HbA1c ≥6,5%. Statistical analyses were performed in SPSS (version 16.0) and SAS (version 6.12). Results. Anamnestic evidence of DM was obtained in 11,3% of the participants (10,3% of men and 12,2% of women). Levels of HbA1c ≥6,5% were registered in 16,6% (16,1% of men and 17,0% of women). Hyperglycemia (fasting glucose ≥7,0 mmol/l) was observed in 13,3% (15,3% of men and 11,5% of women). The prevalence of DM, according to all three diagnostic criteria, reached 25,3% (24,9% in men and 25,6% in women). More than a half of DM patients were not aware of their diabetes. There were no statistically significant differences in the assessed parameters by gender, age, or education. Conclusion. It is important to strengthen the potential of healthcare services in terms of increasing population awareness of DM and its consequences and facilitating early DM diagnostics, particularly in middle-aged and elderly people.
National Savings, Economic Welfare, and the Structure of Taxation (1981)

This paper develops a perfect foresight general equilibrium simulation model of life cycle savings that may be used to investigate the potential impact of a wide range of government policies on national savings and economic welfare. The model can provide quantitative answers to a number of long-standing questions concerning the government's influence on capital formation. These include the degree of crowding out of private investment by debt financed increases in government expenditure, the differential effect on consumption of temporary versus more permanent tax cuts, the announcement effects of future changes in tax and expenditure policy, and the response to structural changes in the tax system, including both the choice of the tax base and the degree of progressivity.
Microgravity Investigation of Crew Reactions in 0-G (MICRO-G) (2004)

There is a need for a human factors, technology-based bioastronautics research effort to develop an integrated system that reduces risk and provides scientific knowledge of astronaut-induced loads and motions during long-duration missions on the International Space Station (ISS), which will lead to appropriate countermeasures. The primary objectives of the Microgravity Investigation of Crew Reactions in 0-G (MICRO-GI research effort are to quantify astronaut adaptation and movement as well as to model motor strategies for differing gravity environments. The overall goal of this research program is to improve astronaut performance and efficiency through the use of rigorous quantitative dynamic analysis, simulation and experimentation. The MICRO-G research effort provides a modular, kinetic and kinematic capability for the ISS. The collection and evaluation of kinematics (whole-body motion) and dynamics (reacting forces and torques) of astronauts within the ISS will allow for quantification of human motion and performance in weightlessness, gathering fundamental human factors information for design, scientific investigation in the field of dynamics and motor control, technological assessment of microgravity disturbances, and the design of miniaturized, real-time space systems. The proposed research effort builds on a strong foundation of successful microgravity experiments, namely, the EDLS (Enhanced Dynamics Load Sensors) flown aboard the Russian Mir space station (19961998) and the DLS (Dynamic Load Sensors) flown on Space Shuttle Mission STS-62. In addition, previously funded NASA ground-based research into sensor technology development and development of algorithms to produce three-dimensional (3-0) kinematics from video images have come to fruition and these efforts culminate in the proposed collaborative MICRO-G flight experiment. The required technology and hardware capitalize on previous sensor design, fabrication, and testing and can be flight qualified for a fraction of the cost of an initial spaceflight experiment. Four dynamic load sensors/restraints are envisioned for measurement of astronaut forces and torques. Two standard ISS video cameras record typical astronaut operations and prescribed IVA motions for 3-D kinematics. Forces and kinematics are combined for dynamic analysis of astronaut motion, exploiting the results of the detailed dynamic modeling effort for the quantitative verification of astronaut IVA performance, induced-loads, and adaptive control strategies for crewmember whole-body motion in microgravity. This comprehensive effort, provides an enhanced human factors approach based on physics-based modeling to identify adaptive performance during long-duration spaceflight, which is critically important for astronaut training as well as providing a spaceflight database to drive countermeasure design.
Programmable Quantitative DNA Nanothermometers (2016)

Developing molecules, switches, probes or nanomaterials that are able to respond to specific temperature changes should prove of utility for several applications in nanotechnology. Here, we describe bioinspired strategies to design DNA thermoswitches with programmable linear response ranges that can provide either a precise ultrasensitive response over a desired, small temperature interval (±0.05 °C) or an extended linear response over a wide temperature range (e.g., from 25 to 90 °C). Using structural modifications or inexpensive DNA stabilizers, we show that we can tune the transition midpoints of DNA thermometers from 30 to 85 °C. Using multimeric switch architectures, we are able to create ultrasensitive thermometers that display large quantitative fluorescence gains within small temperature variation (e.g., > 700% over 10 °C). Using a combination of thermoswitches of different stabilities or a mix of stabilizers of various strengths, we can create extended thermometers that respond linearly up to 50 °C in temperature range. Here, we demonstrate the reversibility, robustness, and efficiency of these programmable DNA thermometers by monitoring temperature change inside individual wells during polymerase chain reactions. We discuss the potential applications of these programmable DNA thermoswitches in various nanotechnology fields including cell imaging, nanofluidics, nanomedecine, nanoelectronics, nanomaterial, and synthetic biology.
Systematic analysis of snake neurotoxins' functional classification using a data warehousing approach (2004)

We created a searchable online database of NTX proteins sequences (http://research.i2r.a-star.edu.sg/Templar/DB/snake_neurotoxin). This database can also be found under Swiss-Prot Toxin Annotation Project website (http://www.expasy.org/sprot/).
Postgenomic Mycobacterium leprae antigens for cellular and serological diagnosis of M. leprae exposure, infection and leprosy disease (2011)

Due to changes in leprosy control programs and the special expertise required for diagnosis, the need for simple rapid diagnostic tests that could be applied in non-expert settings may now be greater than ever before. Since the sequencing of the M. leprae genome, many research groups have investigated the potential of M. leprae antigens in either serologic or cell mediated assays. Here we provide an overview of the nearly 200 recombinant single proteins that were investigated during the last decade for their potential to be applied in field-friendly tests for the early diagnosis of leprosy.
Dynamics around critical points of the PES with constrained Hamiltonians (2001)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Clinical Management Issues in Males with Sex Chromosomal Mosaicism and Discordant Phenotype/Sex Chromosomal Patterns (1991)

The recent availability of Y DNA probes has made it possible to identify two forms of 46,XX male syndrome: Y DNA positive and Y DNA negative. The Y DNA positive male results from a X;Y translocation with a low recurrence risk; the Y DNA negative males are due to a mutation with a high recurrence risk. 46,XX males and mosaic forms are phenotypically indistinguishable. A review of the case histories for 11 individuals indicates that affected males have highly variable genital and nongenital phenotypes. Physical findings may be clearly apparent or nonexistent. With the exception of external genitalia, the basis for this variability is unknown. It may be related to differences in Y chromatin expression as the result of variable inactivation of the X chromosomes, or to the existence of minor deletions or point mutations secondary to an exchange of genetic material. Common and uncommon clinical problems in these individuals require evaluation and follow-up care that is provided through a cooperative, interdisciplinary approach.
A Multicenter Phase II Study of AMG 337 in Patients with <i>MET</i>-Amplified Gastric/Gastroesophageal Junction/Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Other <i>MET</i>-Amplified Solid Tumors (2018)

AMG 337 showed antitumor activity in <i>MET</i>-amplified G/GEJ/E adenocarcinoma but not in <i>MET</i>-amplified non-small-cell lung cancer.<i>See related commentary by Ma, p. 2375</i>.
A low-noise X-band microstrip VCO with 2.5 GHz tuning range using a GaN-on-SiC p-HEMT (2005)

A low-noise X-band microstrip hybrid VCO has been designed and realised using a 2 x 50 µm GaN-on-SiC pseudo-morphic HEMT as the active device. The transistor has been manufactured by TIGER and features a gate-length of 0.15 µm, an fT of 22 GHz, a break-down voltage of 42 Volts and an Idss close to 1 A/mm. The VCO has been assembled with standard SMD reflow and chip-on-board technology on Rogers 4003 substrate material. The circuit is biased at +15 Volts and 38 mA and has a measured tuning range from 8.1 to 10.6 GHz, an output power level of +19 dBm and an average phase-noise level of -114 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2‐CYCLOANLAGERUNG VON METHYLEN‐DIMETHYL‐SILAN, DES ZWISCHENPRODUKTS BEIM THERMISCHEN ZERFALL VON MONOSILA‐CYCLOBUTAN, AN OLEFINE (1971)

Abstract Durch Erhitzen des Monosilacyclobutans (I) auf 560°C mit einer Kontaktzeit von 9 Sek. bildet sich unter Abspaltung von Äthylen (bei einer Umsetzung von 52%) intermediär Dimethyl‐methylensilan (II), das mit einem 15 ‐ 20fachen Überschuß an Propylen zum 1,1,3‐Trimethyl‐1‐silacyclobutan (III) (Ausbeute 1,4%) sowie zu seinem termischen Isomerisierungsprodukt Allyl‐trimethyl‐silan (IV) (10%) reagiert; außerdem tritt 1,1 ,3,3‐Tetramethyl‐ 1,3‐disila‐cyclobutan (V) auf.