gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Causes of Differences in Student Outcomes (HEFCE) (2015)

This report was commissioned by the Higher Education Funding Council for England (HEFCE). It explores why different types of student achieve different outcomes in UK higher education (HE). It examines the possible causes for differential outcomes and evaluates the steps being taken by institutions to close outcome gaps. The three student groups we focus on are (1) those from lower-socio-economic backgrounds, (2) disabled students, and (3) black and minority ethnic (BME) students, although reference is also made to part-time and mature students. The four HE outcomes we explore are (1) retention, (2) attainment, (3) progression to graduate employment and (4) progression to further study. Findings are intended to inform policy interventions and to help all learners in HE to meet their full potential.
Erratum and Addendum: Domain Interactions in the Theory of Ferromagnetic Resonance (1949)

Kanesawa and Tomonaga, who first applied it to photon-scalar meson interaction' and then to the photon-vector meson system. ' The invariant interaction Hamiltonian satisfies the condition of integrability
P9 THE SEPTO-HIPPOCAMPAL CHOLINERGIC PATHWAY IS DIFFERENTIALLY INVOLVED IN CONTEXTUAL FEAR CONDITIONING, DEPENDING ON THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF A DISCRETE CONDITIONED STIMULUS (2004)

Calandreau, L.1; Trifilieff, P.1; Costes, L.1; Marien, M.2; Colpaert, F.2; Marighetto, A.1; Jaffard, R.1; Micheau, J.1; Desmedt, A.1 Author Information
Two types of calcium currents in single smooth muscle cells from rat portal vein. (1989)

1. Using the whole-cell recording mode of the patch-clamp technique, we investigated the calcium currents in isolated cells from rat portal vein in short-term primary culture. 2. From a holding potential of -70 mV the cells presented two types of calcium currents with 5 mM-extracellular calcium: one type was activated by small depolarizations and inactivated quickly (fast calcium current), whereas the other required stronger depolarizations for activation and inactivated more slowly (slow calcium current). 3. Isradipine (PN 200-110) blocked the slow calcium current at concentrations 300 times lower than those used to block the fast inward current. The isradipine-induced inhibition was voltage-dependent for the slow calcium current and voltage-independent for the fast calcium current. 4. The slow calcium current was lost during internal perfusion with a 0.5 microM-Ca2+ containing solution, and during stimulation of the cell at high frequencies (0.1-0.2 Hz) within 5-10 min. The fast calcium current was unchanged under these experimental conditions. 5. Steady-state inactivation curves for both fast and slow calcium currents showed differences in their voltage dependence. Half-maximal and complete inactivations of the fast calcium current were obtained at -50 and -30 mV while those of the slow calcium current were obtained at -20 and +10 mV. 6. Studied with the two-pulse protocol, inactivation of the slow calcium current was dependent on both membrane potential and calcium influx while that of the fast calcium current appeared only dependent on membrane potential. 7. Two types of calcium currents, differing in potential dependence of inactivation, and in sensitivities to dihydropyridines, stimulation frequency and intracellular calcium concentration were identified in cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from portal vein.
A MEMS Implementation of a Classic Parametric Resonator (2015)

We present a microelectromechanical systems realization of a classic parametric resonator. This parametric resonator is ideal in the sense that the electrostatic stiffness, which may be time modulated, is not affected by motion. We also present a simple, efficient, and intuitive model of parametric excitation. This model predicts the minimal modulation amplitude required to obtain an unbounded response in a parametric system with linear damping. We show experimental results in which the system is operated as a Meissner resonator.
Quantum well states and magnetic coupling between noble metals and ferromagnets (invited) (1993)

We have searched for the electronic states that mediate oscillatory magnetic coupling in superlattices, and have found strong evidence that these are quantum well states, which are created by quantizing the momentum of s,p-band states perpendicular to the interfaces. In noble metal layers on ferromagnets we find such states at the Fermi level, where they are able to influence magnetic coupling and transport. They exhibit several traits connecting them with oscillatory magnetic coupling, such as periodicity and spin polarization.
Identification of Metabolic Routes and Catabolic Enzymes Involved in Phytoremediation of the Nitro- Substituted Explosives TNT, RDX, and HMX (2006)

Abstract : The manufacturing and testing of energetic compounds TNT, RDX and HMX for military purposes has led to widespread contamination of soils and groundwater in the United States and across Europe. The compounds have been shown to be toxic and are considered pollutants. Phytoremediation has been shown to provide a cost-effective alternative to classical technologies for cleaning up nitro-substituted explosive contaminated sites, which generally requires excavation followed by incineration or land filling. This research project investigated potential detoxification pathways of these compounds once they are taken up by poplar trees. Poplar trees are a model plant for phytoremediation. They have been well studied in phytoremediation research and make good candidates because of their high transpiration rate, their ability to tap into ground water, their fast growth rates, and the information available as a result of the completion of the genome sequence for Populus trichocarpa. Based on the high level of contamination of testing and training ranges, due to periodic inputs of energetic materials, the only reliable in-situ biological treatment method is phytoremediation. This project provides a better understanding of the metabolic pathways and catabolic enzymes underlying phytotransformation of nitro-substituted explosives. The project evaluated effects of the toxicity of TNT, RDX and HMX in relation to poplar trees and poplar plant tissues as well as analyzing gene expression and transformation products from poplar degradation of these explosive compounds.
An Adsorption Study of CH<sub>4</sub> on ZSM-5, MOR, and ZSM-12 Zeolites (2015)

CH4 adsorption was studied experimentally and theoretically on ZSM-5, MOR, and ZSM-12 zeolites using calorimetric measurements at 195 K and plane wave DFT calculations. Differential heats measured on four different H-ZSM-5 samples were determined to be 22.5 ± 1 kJ/mol, independent of Brønsted site density or defect concentration. However, DFT calculations performed using various functionals and on the most stable Brønsted site indicated that CH4 should bind to this site by an additional 1–7 kJ/mol, a discrepancy that is due to the inability of standard DFT methods to capture hydrogen-bonding effects accurately with CH4. Differential heats for CH4 in MOR were 30 ± 1 kJ/mol at low coverages, falling to 25 kJ/mol for coverages above one molecule per 8-membered-ring side pocket, while differential heats on ZSM-12 were initially 22.5 kJ/mol, decreasing to 21 kJ/mol with coverage. DFT calculations on the siliceous form of the zeolites were able to predict these values within 5 kJ/mol in most cases. The results indicate that CH4 is an excellent probe molecule for characterizing the pore structure of zeolites.
ChemInform Abstract: SOME CYCLOPROPYLPLATINUM COMPLEXES (1979)

Abstract Der Cyclopropylkomplex (II) wurde durch Reaktion von (I) mit in situ dargestelltem Cyclopropyllithium erhalten.
Design of Mechanisms for Deployable, Optical Instruments: Guidelines for (2000)

This paper is intended to facilitate the development of deployable, optical instruments by providing a rational approach for the design, testing, and qualification of high-precision (i.e., low-hysteresis) deployment mechanisms for these instruments. Many of the guidelines included herein come directly from the field of optomechanical engineering, and are, therefore, neither newly developed guidelines, nor are they uniquely applicable to the design of high-precision deployment mechanisms. This paper is to be regarded as a guide to design and not a set of NASA requirements, except as may be defined in formal project specifications. Furthermore, due to the rapid pace of advancement in the field of precision deployment, this paper should be regarded as a preliminary set of guidelines. However, it is expected that this paper, with revisions as experience may indicate to be desirable, might eventually form the basis for a set of uniform design requirements for high-precision deployment mechanisms on future NASA space-based science instruments.
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON HUMANITARIAN LANDMINE DETECTION SYSTEM BY A COMPACT DISCHARGE-TYPE D-D FUSION NEUTRON SOURCE (2006)

Current results are described on the R&D of an anti-personnel landmine detection system by using a discharge-type fusion neutron source. Landmines are to be identified through neutron-captured γ-rays of specific energies by hydrogen and nitrogen atoms in the explosives. Improvements in the neutron source have been made to achieve a dc neutron production rate of 4×106 sec-1 by a compact device of 200 mm diameter. Also a BGO/NaI(TI) combined scintillation detector has been developed for a well collimated γ-ray detection with an enhanced signal to noise ratio. The results by using an imitator suggest promising and practical features for landmine detection.
Recovery of New Agent from Patients with Acute Respiratory Illness (1954)

SummaryA microbial agent, presumably a virus, was recovered from throat washings from a patient with primary atypical pneumonia in an epidemic of acute respiratory illness which occurred at Fort Leonard Wood during the winter of 1952-1953. This agent multiplies in human cell tissue cultures producing obvious cytopathogenic changes but not in common laboratory hosts. The patient whose throat washings yielded the virus de veloped specific neutralizing and complement-fixing antibodies for the agent. Other patients in the epidemic with primary atypical pneumonia (PAP) or undifferentiated acute respiratory disease (ARD) also developed antibodies for the agent but those cases with proved influenza A′ did not. A portion of the population maintains an antibody level against the new agent suggesting a rather general experience with it.
Minimizing chlorate ion formation (1995)

Storage tanks that contain liquod bleach should be periodically flushed and cleaned to minimize buildup of a residual chlorate ion concentration. The treatment of drinking water with either NaOCl or Ca(OCl) 2 is a source of chlorate ion (ClO 3 − ) in finished water. In basic solution, liquid bleach (NaOCl) decomposition is a second‐order process. The decomposition of OCl − involves chlorite ion (ClO 2 − ) as a low‐concentration intermediate. The reaction of ClO 2 − to form ClO 3 − is a fast process, and the ClO 2 − in liquid bleach is at a concentration at least 200 times less than the OCl − concentration. The formation of oxygen from decomposing OCl − is a slower side reaction (<10 percent).
On the minimum audible angle—A decision theory approach (1989)

The minimum audible angle (MAA) technique is a well-known psychoacoustical paradigm often used in the study of localization of sound. A difficulty with this paradigm, however, is that, in terms of decision theory, it is subject to two quite different interpretations. Although it is normally regarded as involving a discrimination task, the present work suggests that it is more likely to be an absolute identification task. Because of this difference in interpretation, it appears that previous work has overestimated the ability of listeners to localize sources of sound.
Acclimation of Two Tomato Species to High Atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (1989)

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv Vedettos and Lycopersicon chmielewskii Rick, LA 1028, were exposed to two CO(2) concentrations (330 or 900 microliters per liter) for 10 weeks. The elevated CO(2) concentrations increased the initial ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity of both species for the first 5 weeks of treatment but the difference did not persist during the last 5 weeks. The activity of Mg(2+)-CO(2)-activated Rubisco was higher in 900 microliters per liter for the first 2 weeks but declined sharply thereafter. After 10 weeks, leaves grown at 330 microliters per liter CO(2) had about twice the Rubisco activity compared with those grown at 900 microliters per liter CO(2). The two species showed the same trend to Rubisco declines under high CO(2) concentrations. The percent activation of Rubisco was always higher under high CO(2). The phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) activity measured in tomato leaves averaged 7.9% of the total Rubisco. PEPCase showed a similar trend with time as the initial Rubisco but with no significant difference between nonenriched and CO(2)-enriched plants. Long-term exposure of tomato plants to high CO(2) was previously shown to induce a decline of photosynthetic efficiency. Based on the current study and on previous results, we propose that the decline of activated Rubisco is the main cause of the acclimation of tomato plants to high CO(2) concentrations.
[The postnatal development of the lamina V pyramidal cells in the temporal cortex of the albino rat]. (1981)

1. The development of layer V pyramidal neurons is analysed quantitatively in albino rat temporal ("auditory") cortex from the 1st to the 90th postnatal days (12 stages). The length of apical dendrites, the number of primary dendrites and the total amount of apical dendrite spines are registered in Golgi-Cox preparations (55 animals). The diameters of the nucleus, length and width of the perikaryon and the relation between nucleus and perikaryon are measured in Nissl-series (45 animals). 2. Two types of development can be recognised by the examined parameters: --Length of apical dendrites, number of primary dendrites and of apical dendrite spines aspire more or less continuously to a maximum value. --Sizes of nucleus and perikaryon show intermediately a higher value than the terminal one ("overshooting growth"). 3. The postnatal development of the parameters suggests that the dendritic growth (also after initiated phase) starts from the perikaryon and relates with dendritic neuroplasmic flow. 4. In order to give general statements about the evolution of layer V pyramidal neuron's rates of growth are counted and their degree of maturity is determined. The biggest rates of growth are reached up to the 12th day post partum. At this time the pyramidal neurons have a relatively high degree of maturity. 5. There are two periods with especially marked alterations of structure of the layer V pyramidal neurons. These alterations are regarded as morphokineses according to Scharf. I. The morphological changes between the 8th and the 12th day are regarded as "morphokinesis as a reaction to planned crises" (2.2., according to Scharf 1970). In this case the critical situation is the beginning of hearing of the young rats, which is to be prepared. II. The morphological changes between the 24th and 36th day take place in the critical period of primary socialization (Scott et al. 1974). This could be understood as "morphokinesis as a reaction to environmental influences" (2.1., according to Scharf 1970). In this period it is possible, that the layer V pyramidal neurons of the temporal cortex of the rat play a role in learning and memory.
The structure of α-Ag<sub>2</sub>S (1978)

A detailed analysis of the X-ray scattering intensity of alpha -Ag2S has been carried out by an anomalous scattering technique. The two partial structure factors Sijdif(Q) for Ag-Ag and Ag-S pairs were estimated on the assumption that sulphur ions formed a BCC lattice with the silver ions located within the vacant space. A theoretical consideration has been provided to explain the experimental results. The calculated effective pair potentials between sulphur and silver ions showed a minimum, whereas that between silver ions themselves showed characteristics of a screened Coulomb-like interaction.
The TGA codons are present in the open reading frame of selenoprotein P cDNA (1991)

The TGA codon in DNA has been shown to direct incorporation of selenocysteine into protein. Several proteins from bacteria and animals contain selenocysteine in their primary structures. Each of the cDNA clones of these selenoproteins contains one TGA codon in the open reading frame which corresponds to the selenocysteine in the protein. A cDNA clone for selenoprotein P (SeP), obtained from a {gamma}ZAP rat liver library, was sequenced by the dideoxy termination method. The correct reading frame was determined by comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the amino acid sequence of several peptides from SeP. Using SeP labelled with {sup 75}Se in vivo, the selenocysteine content of the peptides was verified by the collection of carboxymethylated {sup 77}Se-selenocysteine as it eluted from the amino acid analyzer and determination of the radioactivity contained in the collected samples. Ten TGA codons are present in the open reading frame of the cDNA. Peptide fragmentation studies and the deduced sequence indicate that selenium-rich regions are located close to the carboxy terminus. Nine of the 10 selenocysteines are located in the terminal 26% of the sequence with four in the terminal 15 amino acids. The deduced sequence codes for a protein of 385more » amino acids. Cleavage of the signal peptide gives the mature protein with 366 amino acids and a calculated mol wt of 41,052 Da. Searches of PIR and SWISSPROT protein databases revealed no similarity with glutathione peroxidase or other selenoproteins.« less
Enantioselective Protonation of Enolates in Natural Product Synthesis (1991)

Since their discovery in 1967, the damascones with their typical fruity flowery scent and exceptional odor strength, have become important perfume components. Our interest originated in the synthesis of (E)-prop-1-enyl ketones starting from appropriate carboxylic-acid derivatives by Grignard mono-addition. In the presence of LDA, nonenolizable or slowly enolizable esters or carboxamides are converted into ketones which are protected from further reaction by their in situ conversion into enolates. The predominant formation of (E)-enolates is of synthetic interest, and this point is discussed in the last section. Alternatively, regioisomeric enolates of defined configuration could be obtained by first converting esters into their Li-enolates which react with organometallic reagents to afford directly ketone- and aldehyde enolates. This sequence is applied to the synthesis of γ-damascone. Likewise, such enolates can be protonated enantioselectively (up to 84% ee) by use of a judiciously chosen chiral proton donor. This has allowed the synthesis of enantiomerically pure (R)- and (S)-α-damascone. The outcome of this reaction critically depends on the presence of lithium alkoxide ligands. Enantioselective protonation is presently being applied to a planned synthesis of α-irisfuran, a recently isolated iris oil constituent. In the last section, a novel access to trimethyl-trans-decalins is discussed. The success of this synthetic approach critically depends on the diastereocontrolled formation of a trienolate and its corresponding silyl ether, the latter being submitted to a thermal electrocyclic reaction. This novel reactive sequence has allowed the synthesis of bicyclic damascone analogs which exhibit interesting organoleptic properties and opens a new route for the direct construction of biologically active C(6)-functionalized drimanes such as cinnamodial and forskolin.
Dimers of Altersolanol A from Alternaria solani (1988)

Abstract Weakly phytotoxic, water-soluble pigments from culture filtrates of the potato early blight organism Alternaria solani have been identified by 1 H NMR, UV, mass spectrometric, and acetylation studies as the pair of rotamers represented by structure 1a.
A state-based language for sensor-actuator networks (2007)

This paper introduces a language design for sensor-actuator networks. The main features are communication by a soft-state abstraction and behavior control by periodic rule evaluation. These features enable a state-based, rather than event-based, style of programming. Dynamic changes to network configuration and failures of components are automatically handled by this approach. The design choices target applications which experience low-to-moderate rates of sensor input and which do not require extreme, low-latency sensor processing and actuation. Coordinated actuation is concisely expressed in this language.
Packing density and filling effect of limestone fines (2014)

The use of limestone fines (LF) in mortar and concrete can in certain ways improve performance and thus has become more and more commonplace. However, although LF is generally regarded as a filler, it is up to now not clear how much filling effect it could have and how best the filling effect could be utilized. Herein, the packing density and filling effect of LF were studied by measuring the packing densities of LF, (LF + cement) blends and (LF + cement + fine aggregate) blends under dry and wet conditions, and measuring the performance of mortars made with various amounts of LF added. It was found that the addition of LF would not significantly increase the packing density of (LF + cement) blends but would fill into the paste to increase the paste volume and paste film thickness, and improve the flow spread and strength of mortar.
How to run survival-endpoint phase II trials with 25% to 40% fewer patients. (2012)

2544 Background: New molecular information, whether arising from expression profiling, identification of key mutations, or proteomic analyses is making the personalization of therapy increasingly feasible. This leads to the fragmentation of common disease entities into multiple molecular subtypes. Having sufficient numbers of patients to demonstrate the effectiveness of novel targeted therapies for each subtype has therefore become challenging, essentially impeding progress. Methods: Use of sample size determination software allows for comparison of phase II trials with a target survival proportion at a given time T based upon Kaplan-Meier versus exponential survival methods. Results: The use of exponential survival fitting methods, in lieu of the currently implemented trial designs, to single arm phase II studies can routinely reduce patient numbers by 25-40% (Table) without compromising the statistical power. The biggest advantage is that survival information both before and after time T reduces the variability for the exponential fit estimate. This approach will lead to the saving of financial and patient resources for researchers. Moreover, the time saved will accelerate the approval of agents making the proposed trial designs ethically attractive. However, this approach is only applicable if the exponential distribution assumption behind the approach is valid. Conclusions: The exponential survival fitting method should replace the current standard approach in all instances unless the exponential distribution assumption is known to be false. Detailed examples and analysis will be presented. [Table: see text]
H infinity Filtering For Autoregressive Modelling Based Space-Time Adaptive Processing (2009)

International audience
Prädiktoren für die Entwicklung einer posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (2004)

Fragestellung: Im Rahmen der Münsteraner Traumastudie wurden in einem prospektiven Längsschnittdesign die psychosozialen Auswirkungen unfallbedingter Verletzungen untersucht. Dabei wurde überprüft, welche Faktoren die Entwicklung traumaassoziierter psychischer Störungen 6 Monate nach einem Unfall entscheidend beeinflussen.