gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemisorption and Reactions of Small Molecules on Small Gold Particles (2012)

The activity of supported gold particles for a number of oxidations and hydrogenations starts to increase dramatically as the size falls below ~3 nm. This is accompanied by an increased propensity to chemisorption, especially of oxygen and hydrogen. The explanation for these phenomena has to be sought in kinetic analysis that connects catalytic activity with the strength and extent of chemisorption of the reactants, the latter depending on the electronic structure of the gold atoms constituting the active centre. Examination of the changes to the utilisation of electrons as particle size is decreased points to loss of metallic character at about 3 nm, as energy bands are replaced by levels, and a band gap appears. Detailed consideration of the Arrhenius parameters (E and ln A) for CO oxidation points clearly to a step-change in activity at the point where metallic character is lost, as opposed to there being a monotonic dependence of rate on a physical property such as the fraction of atoms at corners or edges of particles. The deplorable scarcity of kinetic information on other reactions makes extension of this analysis difficult, but non-metallic behaviour is an unavoidable property of very small gold particles, and therefore cannot be ignored when seeking to explain their exceptional activity.
Tnet: a reliable system area network for I/O and IPC (2005)

TNet is a new system area network designed to support current and future needs for reliable, efficient communi cations among processors and peripherals. It is an exten sible hardwarelsoftware layer that allows very large configurations by logically and physically isolating the processor busses from the 1/0 busses. TNet is a worm hole-routed, packet-switched, point-to-point, system area network. The first i?nplementation has JWII-duplex, byte serial links with electrical interfaces supporting either backplane connections or inter-cabinet cables. Variable length packets contain up to 64-bytes of data per packet. Met transactions consist of pairs of request-response packets allowing data to either be pushed or p4ed across the network. The network is designed to support many simultaneous, low-latency, DMA transfers for both inter-processor communications and 1/0.
Human ES and iPS cells as cell sources for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Current state and problems (2009)

Cell therapy using human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is a promising therapeutic option for Parkinson's disease (PD), an incurable neurodegenerative disease. A prerequisite for clinical application of hESCs for PD is an efficient and strict differentiation of hESCs into midbrain dopamine (mDA) neuron-like cells, which would be directly translated into high effectiveness of the therapy with minimum risk of undesirable side effects. Due to fruitful efforts from many laboratories, a variety of strategies for improving efficiency of dopaminergic differentiation from hESCs have been developed, mostly by optimizing culture conditions, genetic modification, and modulating intracellular signaling pathways. The rapid advances in the fields of dopaminergic differentiation of hESCs, prevention of tumor formation, and establishment of safe human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) would open the door to highly effective, tumor-free, and immune rejection-free cell therapy for PD in the near future.
Fullerenols as a New Therapeutic Approach in Nanomedicine (2013)

Recently, much attention has been paid to the bioactive properties of water-soluble fullerene derivatives: fullerenols, with emphasis on their pro- and antioxidative properties. Due to their hydrophilic properties and the ability to scavenge free radicals, fullerenols may, in the future, provide a serious alternative to the currently used pharmacological methods in chemotherapy, treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, and radiobiology. Some of the most widely used drugs in chemotherapy are anthracycline antibiotics. Anthracycline therapy, in spite of its effective antitumor activity, induces systemic oxidative stress, which interferes with the effectiveness of the treatment and results in serious side effects. Fullerenols may counteract the harmful effects of anthracyclines by scavenging free radicals and thereby improve the effects of chemotherapy. Additionally, due to the hollow spherical shape, fullerenols may be used as drug carriers. Moreover, because of the existence of the currently ineffective ways for neurodegenerative diseases treatment, alternative compounds, which could prevent the negative effects of oxidative stress in the brain, are still sought. In the search of alternative methods of treatment and diagnosis, today's science is increasingly reaching for tools in the field of nanomedicine, for example, fullerenes and their water-soluble derivatives, which is addressed in the present paper.
Expression of VLDLR in the Retina and Evolution of Subretinal Neovascularization in the Knockout Mouse Model’s Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation (2008)

VLDLR is expressed in the wild-type mouse retina, especially in RECs and RPE cells. The vldlr(-/-) mouse exhibits histologic and angiographic characteristics of RAP and is a reproducible animal model facilitating studies of the molecular mechanisms of RAP.
The Design and Fabrication of a Full Field Quantitative Mammographic Phantom (2008)

Breast cancer is among the leading causes of death in women worldwide. Screen-film mammography (SFM) is still the standard method used to detect early breast cancer thus leading to early treatment. Digital mammography (DM) has recently been designated as the imaging technology with the greatest potential for improving the diagnosis of breast cancer. For successful mammography, high quality images must be achieved and maintained, and reproducible quantitative quality control (QC) testing is thus required. Assessing images of known reference phantoms is one accepted method of doing QC testing. Quantitative QC techniques are useful for the long-term follow-up of mammographic quality. Following a comprehensive critical evaluation of available mammography phantoms, it was concluded that a more suitable phantom for DM could be designed. A new relatively inexpensive Applied Physics Group (APG) phantom was designed to be fast and easy to use, to provide the user with quantitative and qualitative measures of high and low contrast resolution over the full field of view and to demonstrate any geometric distortions. It was designed to cover the entire image receptor so as to assess the heel effect, and to be suitable for both SFM and DM. The APG phantom was designed and fabricated with embedded test objects and software routines were developed to provide a complete toolkit for SFM and DM QC. The test objects were investigated before embedding them.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of staphylococci isolated from otitis externa in dogs (2000)

Samples were obtained from 65 unmedicated adult dogs, processed for isolation of Staphylococcus species and tested for susceptibility to penicillin G, gentamicin, oxacillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, streptomycin, ampicillin and rifampin. Forty-four isolates were obtained, which represents 67.7% of samples. Coagulase-negative species were most commonly found, and the most frequently isolated staphylococcus species were Staph. epidermidis and Staph. aureus. Other species, such as Staph. simulans, Staph. haemolyticus, Staph. saprophyticus and Staph. intermedius were also isolated. Resistance to antibiotics was frequently observed, with 90.9% of the isolates showing resistance to at least one drug. The most active antimicrobial agents against staphylococci isolated from otitis externa of dogs were rifampin and oxacillin. Multidrug resistance was a common finding, and one strain of Staph. haemolyticus species, was resistant to all tested antimicrobial agents. Resistance to three or more different drugs was a common finding, observed in 16 strains (36.4%) of both coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative staphylococci. This study highlights the emergence of cases of otitis externa determined by coagulase-negative staphylococcus strains and once more emphasizes the need for bacterial culture with species identification and susceptibility testing of swab specimens from the ear canal in order to choose appropriate antimicrobial agents.
Cryptanalysis of EnRUPT (2008)

Abstract. In this paper we present a preimage attack on EnRUPT-512. We exploit the fact that the internal state is only a little bit larger than the critical security level: 1152 bits against 1024 bits. The absence of a message expansion and a fairly simple compression function allow us to fix the values for some state words and thus reduce the size of birthday state space in the meet-in-the-middle attack under 1024 bits. Equations that arise through the analysis are solved using look-up tables. The complexity of the attack is around 2 480 compression function calls and the memory requirement is around 2 384. 1
Expediente (2018)

Expediente do V. 10, n. 2, 2018
Aggregates Manufactured from Waste Materials (1976)

Aggregates can be produced from diverse waste materials such as fly ash, waste clay, foundry effluent, phosphate slime, and municipal refuse. Finely divided particulates are characterized for the ability to form an aggregate using either a rotary kiln or traveling grate sintering machine. If the material does not possess the required characteristics for making an artificial aggregate, various additives can be used to upgrade the processing parameters. Residues from incineration of municipal refuse can be used either upon separation and classification, or after incineration. Qualities for a good concrete aggregate are strength, particle shape to promote good workability, low water absorption, and chemical and physical stability.
Energy calibration method for an all-digital high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy (2014)

Digitizing scintillation pulses with the Multi-voltage threshold (MVT) method shows great potentials for building all-digital positron emission tomography (PET). In this paper, we introduce the MVT method into gamma-ray spectroscopy. An accurate scintillation pulse model used in pulse fitting is especially important to get precise energy when implementing the MVT in gamma-ray spectroscopy, since a wide-range energy needs to be measured with limited MVT samples. However, accurately model the scintillation pulse is a not trivial work, as the physical model of scintillation pulse is not only determined by scintillator and photo-electric device but also the parasitic capacitance and inductance of the read out circuits. The unideal scintillation pulse model adopted in the MVT degrades the spectral accuracy and the energy resolution. To address this problem, an energy calibration method is proposed in this paper. By measuring the energy of scintillation pulses with different pulse amplitudes with high sample rate ADC and the MVT respectively, a look-up table is generated by dividing the energy obtained in the ADC to that in the MVT. The look-up table is used as calibration coefficient to correct the energy in the all-digital data acquisition system (DAQ) based on the MVT. Our preliminary results show that with the proposed energy calibration method, the peak-to-valley ratio in the Cs-137 energy spectrum is increased by about 1.5 times and the energy resolution is improved from 6.1% to 3.8% at 662 keV with LaBr3/PMT detector, which is equivalent to that of a 5 GSPS ADC.
Treatment of Left-Sided Ulcerative Colitis with 4-Aminosalicylic Acid Enemas (1988)

Twenty-five patients with active left-sided ulcerative colitis were randomly assigned to receive either 2 g of 4-aminosalicylic acid (para-aminosalicylic acid) or placebo in a 60-mL volume as a nightly retention enema. The duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Disease activity was assessed by grading clinical symptoms of blood, mucus, urgency, sigmoidoscopic findings, and degree of histologic inflammation in rectal biopsies. At 8 weeks, 10 of 12 patients (83%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 55% to 97%) who received 4-aminosalicylic acid showed improvement in clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histologic variables. In contrast, only 2 of 13 patients (15%, 95% CI, 4% to 38%) who had received placebo showed clinical improvement (P less than 0.005). The 11 patients in the placebo group who showed no improvement were treated subsequently with open-label 4-aminosalicylic acid enemas. Of the 11, 9 showed clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histologic improvement. No adverse effects were seen. 4-Aminosalicylic acid enemas are a safe and effective means of treating left-sided ulcerative colitis.
Environmental Land Use Aspects in Indian Context (2018)

Not only the modern conventional resource extractive professions like mining but also the conventionally or inefficiently run traditional professions like agriculture might give rise to excessive bare soil conditions, leading to soil degradation or soil fertility reduction and posing a serious threat to environment. Nowadays term sustainable conservation agriculture is much more in use particularly in India where cropland on around 55% land exists while the world average is 12.5% only. Further, the issue of realistic approach versus academic interests has been perhaps dominant in deciding degraded lands estimation methodology to practically reclaim, ameliorate and manage resources for sustainable conservation agriculture in India. In this context, in this paper, an attempt is made to express the academic concerns regarding land use aspects on the basis of derivation of Bare Soil Risk Cover - Ground Cover regression line equations, also called forestation lines, from Bare Soil Area - Bare Subfactor relationship with view point of canopy covering of soil for environment protection.
Platelet storage pool deficiency: diagnosis in patients with prolonged bleeding times and normal platelet aggregation (1990)

We evaluated 46 patients with prolonged bleeding times, and no demonstrable abnormalities of either von Willebrand factor or platelet aggregation, for possible deficiency of platelet storage pool. Studies of ATP release from thrombin-stimulated platelets and enumeration of dense granules in platelet whole mounts were performed in these patients. Seventeen patients (35%) had both decreased ATP release and decreased numbers of dense granules, suggesting the presence of a storage pool defect. Thus, storage pool deficiency may be present in the absence of the classical aggregation abnormalities. Evidence of storage pool deficiency should be considered in all patients with an isolated unexplained prolongation of the bleeding time. The methods used in this study are readily applicable to most clinical laboratories.
Calculation on Model of Weakening Hydrogen Bond of Thick Oil of Petroleum (2009)

The process of use catalyst or functional material that contains iron ion to weaken -O-H-O- hydrogen bond of the thick oil to reduce viscidity or crack, in aspects of the ion charge, covalent bond order, total energy and the average distance of Fe-O, is studied with density function theory and discrete variational method (DFT-DVM), one of the first principle the decrease of the distance of Fe-O, the charge of Fe ion increases, the charge of hydrogen ion decreases, and hydrogen bond is weakened. There are obvious and more stable effects to use the catalyst that contains multiple metal ions or increase the catalyst amount in weakening hydrogen bond of the thick oil. This theoretic work is helpful to exploit and process the thick oil of petroleum and maybe overcome the crisis of petroleum energy is approaching to us.
DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN SOILS (1959)

The reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride to triphenylformazan has been used to estimate the dehydrogenase activity of the soil microflora in situ. Preliminary investigations suggest that the formation of the formazan may be used as an index of endogenous respiration in soil since a significant correlation has been obtained between dehydrogenase activity and the oxygen uptake of a number of different untreated soils. A direct relationship also was observed between formazan formation and the respiration of a soil sampled at intervals after the application of fresh plant material. In a survey of a number of field soils no relationship was found between dehydrogenase activity and bacterial numbers; however, the two parameters were parallel during the decomposition of flax residues added to one of the soils.
The recovery of a near optimal layer representation for an entire image sequence (2002)

Wang and Adelson see (IEEE Trans. Image Proc., vol.3, no.5, p.625-38, 1994) proposed the layer representation as a convenient representation for video coding, format conversion and special effects. We present a technique to extract the near optimal layer representation of an image sequence using the EM algorithm. We incorporate forward/backward motion estimation to obtain a sharp segmentation in the presence of occlusion and uncovering. We demonstrate that the algorithm is capable of tracking layers within a sequence, and detecting when layers enter or leave the sequence.
Social Education: The State of Play (2008)

This article collates and brings together an information listing for Studies of Society and Environment (SOSE) education around Australia and Internationally.
Simultaneous detection of readback signals from interfering magnetic recording tracks using array heads (1990)

A maximum-likelihood detector for interfering channels is described. Attention is given to the cases of array heads reading several tracks simultaneously as well as to a single head suffering from crosstalk from adjacent tracks. An interesting case is that of two tracks being read by three heads. Simple examples of partial-response channels with no frequency distortion across tracks are given and performances are calculated. It is shown that for a small amount of crosstalk, an improvement in performance over the no-interference case is possible. It is also shown that the use of the detector to counter crosstalk when only a single head is present can yield substantial gains over the case where the detection ignores crosstalk. The potential of two-dimensional trellis coding is also shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A four-quadrant CMOS analog multiplier for analog neural networks (1994)

A four-quadrant CMOS analog multiplier is presented. The multiplier uses the square-law characteristic of an MOS transistor in saturation. Its major advantage over other four-quadrant multipliers is its combination of small area and low power consumption. In addition, unlike almost all other designs of four-quadrant multipliers, this design has single ended inputs so that the inputs do not need to be pre-processed before being fed to the multiplier, thus saving additional area. These properties make the multiplier very suitable for use in the implementation of artificial neural networks. The design was fabricated through MOSIS using the standard 2 /spl mu/m CMOS process. Experimental results obtained from it are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reported barriers to eating more fruit and vegetables before and after participation in a randomized controlled trial: a qualitative study (2004)

This qualitative study compares the barriers to eating more fruit and vegetables reported before and after participation in a 6-month randomized controlled trial in primary care. At the initial intervention appointment of a primary care intervention to promote eating five or more portions of fruit and vegetables a day, participants were asked to identify the barriers that they thought they might encounter. Barriers were discussed again at the final appointment 6 months later. At the end of the study, a purposive sample of 40 of the trial participants was interviewed to explore their experiences in greater detail. Transcripts of tape recordings of the intervention appointments and the semi-structured interview were analysed using qualitative methods. This paper presents the results of a qualitative analysis of these appointment and interview transcripts (results of the trial are published elsewhere). Women reported that children and male partners were obstructive to their attempts to eat more fruit and vegetables, whilst men reported that their partners were supportive of the change. The perception that fruit and vegetables were expensive was a relatively intractable barrier for those with inflexible food budgets. Some barriers, including the problem of getting fruit and vegetables when travelling or when the daily routine is disrupted such as at weekends, were not anticipated and only encountered when participants tried to make changes. However, while all but three of the interview respondents described experiencing at least one barrier to eating more fruit and vegetables, three quarters (29 of 40) reported an increase in intake of between one and five daily portions. This study adds to the existing literature in that it investigates those barriers that were reported at the end of, as well as before, a 6-month trial of a dietary intervention. The findings show that trial participants were not always able to anticipate what might be a barrier to change at the initial intervention appointment. The flexible action plan meant that if participants found their initial plan hard to maintain, they were able to adapt it rather than give up. This suggests that health behaviour interventions that are negotiated and non-prescriptive may be more successful than those that are relatively inflexible.