gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spin resonance in a quantum wire: Anomalous effects of an applied magnetic field (2012)

We show that in a quantum wire the effective spin-orbit-induced internal magnetic field leads to a narrow spin-flip resonance at low temperatures in the absence of an applied magnetic field. An applied dc magnetic field perpendicular to and small compared with the spin-orbit field enhances the resonance absorption by several orders of magnitude. The component of the applied field parallel to the spin-orbit field separates the resonance frequencies of right and left movers and enables a linearly polarized ac electric field to produce a dynamic magnetization as well as electric and spin currents.
Titrimetric Determination of Water in Organic Liquids Using Acetyl Chloride and Pyridine (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitrimetric Determination of Water in Organic Liquids Using Acetyl Chloride and PyridineDonald Milton Smith and W. M. D. BryantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 5, 841–845Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01308a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01308a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical emission spectrometry with an inductively coupled radiofrequency argon plasma source and sample introduction with a graphite rod electrothermal vaporisation device. Part I. Instrumental assembly and performance characteristics (1978)

A system is described in which a graphite rod electrothermal vaporisation device is employed for the introduction of microlitre liquid samples, after desolvation, into an inductively coupled argon plasma source for atomisation and excitation for optical emission spectrometry. The analytical performance of the system has been studied and detection limits for 16 elements at the sub-nanogram level are presented.
Electric vehicle supply equipment; a safety device (2013)

There are numerous safety related codes and standards related to electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE). This paper will identify applicable codes, standards and recommended practices and then describe the need for such codes. The paper will also identify gaps or areas that codes and standards could be improved related to Level 1 and Level 2 EVSEs. Level 1 EVSEs are typically a 120VAC single phase EVSE with a charging current of 12 or 16A. A Level 2 EVSE is 208 to 240VAC single phase with a maximum current level of 80A. The objective of the paper is to describe methods of enhancing the overall electrical safety for the emerging electric vehicle industry. Actual EVSE results coordinated with electric vehicle test data will be provided within the article including data related to high frequency noise in a charge circuit interrupting device (CCID) circuit. Approaches to the development of CCID circuitry could inadvertently disguise high frequency noise that could develop into harmful leakage current to ground. Vehicle compatibility testing is also an important aspect in the development of an EVSE. The paper shows data related to the benefits of EVSE as well as potential issues that should be addressed as the industry moves forward toward increased electric vehicle usage.
Collaborative Networked Communication: MUDs as Systems Tools: MUDs as Systems Tools (1993)

A systems administration group is only as effective as its internal communication mechanisms. On-line communication has traditionally been managed via electronic mail or news, which are neither real-time nor truly collaborative. Communication tools which let multiple parties work together in real-time have become widespread on the Internet in the last several years.

In an effort to keep a physically disjoint systems staff working together effectively, we have explored the use of MUDs as communications tools. By allowing many people to interact in an extensible environment, MUDs have solved many of the problems that we had with on-line communication, and provided many unexpected benefits as well.
A new enzymatic method for pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate determination (1981)

Abstract An improved method for the determination of pyridoxal‐5‐phosphate using tyrosine decarboxylase is described.
Proppants: Where in the World (2011)

With the rise in hydraulic fracturing over the past decade has come a steep climb in proppant demand. Global supplies are currently tight. The number of proppant suppliers worldwide has increased since 2000 from a handful to well over 50 sand, ceramic proppant, and resin-coat producers. The estimated amount of proppant used has grown tenfold since 2000, when little more than 3 billion lbs was supplied, according to research by PropTester and Kelrik. Circumstances appear favorable for those seeking to enter the market. However, gearing up to take advantage of these propitious conditions represents a daunting task, requiring coordination of complex logistics, material resources, and processing knowledge, as well as a substantial capital investment in processing and material handling facilities. The price proppant manufacturers can charge must be figured in to the overall cost of producing a well, which in the Bakken, for example, can be approximately USD 6 million, with proppant representing about 5% of well costs. Since a majority of proppant is currently used in fracturing unconventional gas wells, depressed natural gas prices tend to keep a cap on the prices proppant suppliers can demand. However, as hydraulically fractured wells proliferate, a growing body of data is continually being generated to aid in the creation of targeted fracture stimulation plans, with more highly engineered stages—boosting the demand for greater volumes of proppant—being performed per well to maximize production. For example, a typical Barnett Shale well would in the early 2000s have consumed approximately 300,000 lbs of proppant. The longer horizontal wells drilled today, produced with often 20 or more stages, might consume 3 to 5 million lbs. Still, proppant supplier margins are relatively slim, requiring the steady, high-quality production and distribution of large volumes to sustain a profitable enterprise. Proppants: Earth to Earth The journey of an individual grain or bead of proppant is a circular one, making its way from its origins as a substance mined from the Earth to its final destination deep within the Earth in the far reaches of the filigree-like or dendritically shaped fractures emanating from the long horizontal borehole. It is the only substance operators want to remain downhole following a successful hydraulic fracturing treatment and performs the vital function of propping open the fractured formation to promote the economic flow—or conductivity—of hydrocarbons in the ensuing months and years over the well’s productive life. The primary order of business for a proppant facility, therefore, is choosing the optimum location—preferably one close to both raw material supply and end-user. The immediate proximity of railcar and possibly barge transport is critical, as well as a good road system and the availability of a reliable trucking fleet.
Communication-Efficient Distributed Deep Learning: A Comprehensive Survey (2020)

Distributed deep learning (DL) has become prevalent in recent years to reduce training time by leveraging multiple computing devices (e.g., GPUs/TPUs) due to larger models and datasets. However, system scalability is limited by communication becoming the performance bottleneck. Addressing this communication issue has become a prominent research topic. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the communication-efficient distributed training algorithms, focusing on both system-level and algorithmic-level optimizations. We first propose a taxonomy of data-parallel distributed training algorithms that incorporates four primary dimensions: communication synchronization, system architectures, compression techniques, and parallelism of communication and computing tasks. We then investigate state-of-the-art studies that address problems in these four dimensions. We also compare the convergence rates of different algorithms to understand their convergence speed. Additionally, we conduct extensive experiments to empirically compare the convergence performance of various mainstream distributed training algorithms. Based on our system-level communication cost analysis, theoretical and experimental convergence speed comparison, we provide readers with an understanding of which algorithms are more efficient under specific distributed environments. Our research also extrapolates potential directions for further optimizations.
Prolonged oral etoposide as second-line therapy for platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. (1998)

This regimen is active in platinum-resistant and platinum-sensitive ovarian carcinoma. Additionally, the regimen is active in paclitaxel-resistant ovarian carcinoma.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate and Its Relationship to Hematocrit in Giant Cell Arteritis (1987)

We separated 24 patients with biopsy-proved giant cell arteritis into three groups based on erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) at clinical presentation: low, 1 to 40 mm/h; high, 41 to 80 mm/h; and very high, greater than 80 mm/h. The presence of anemia in the very high ESR group compared with the low ESR group was the only statistically identified difference. A linear regression analysis confirmed a high degree of inverse correlation between ESR and hematocrit in the subject population. There was no difference in ischemic ocular complications among the three groups. These findings emphasize that the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis should be made predominantly on clinical suspicion with less reliance on the ESR as a diagnostic criterion. Furthermore, the degree of ESR elevation does not predict which patients are at increased risk for the development of ocular complications. Finally, the ESR may not reliably indicate active disease in patients with normal hematocrit values.
Mirar la historia con otros ojos (2012)

Historia no hay más que una, pero existen muchas posibles miradas desde las que contemplarla. Con todas y cada una de las miradas de siempre y con algunas nuevas perspectivas como las que aquí proponemos, nuestro propósito es construir una historia más rica, más plena, una historia más compleja, pero más integrada.
Feedback analysis of transimpedance operational amplifier circuits (1993)

The transimpedance or current feedback operational amplifier (CFB op-amp) is reviewed and compared to a conventional voltage mode op-amp using an analysis emphasizing the basic feedback characteristics of the circuit. With this approach the paradox of the constant bandwidth obtained from CFB op-amps is explained. It is demonstrated in a simple manner that the constant gain-bandwidth product of the conventional op-amp and the constant bandwidth of the CFB op-amp are both in accordance with basic feedback theory and that the differences between the traditional op-amp and the CFB op-amp are due to different ways of controlling the closed-loop gain. For the traditional op-amp the closed-loop gain is altered by altering the loop gain, whereas the closed-loop gain in a CFB op-amp configuration is altered by altering the input attenuation to the feedback loop while maintaining a constant-loop gain.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and manufacturability issues of a co-packaged DFB/MZ module (2003)

10 Gb/s data transmission over 80 km of standard fiber, or 2.5 Gb/s over 1000 km, can best be accomplished with an external Mach-Zehnder modulator and a high power DFB laser operating CW. Co-packaging those devices, and including dense WDM wavelength locking plus variable optical attenuation, provides an extremely compact, cost-effective, yet highly sophisticated module. Co-packaging discrete DFB and InP MZ chips has also paved the way for introducing cost-reducing integrated DFB/MZ devices with minimal impact at the system level. Nortel has been manufacturing, and using in its state-of-the-art transmission systems, evolving versions of these modules since 1995. We describe the optics train which couples laser light into the MZ chip. Because of the extreme alignment sensitivity, the design must provide both high coupling efficiency and stability. Because production volumes of these modules were initially low, with costs dominated by the laser and modulator chips themselves, the design is based on skilled manual alignment techniques. As volumes have increased the design has had to adapt to manufacturability issues such as operator training, quality, and productivity limits.
[Gastroduodenal lesions in rheumatoid arthritis. Evaluation and treatment]. (1988)

In a group of 70 patients of both sexes been treated with antiinflammatory drugs, affected by Rheumatoid Arthritis in activity, we have found the presence of lesions, erosions and gastroduodenal ulcers in 40% by endoscopic examination (26% erosions and 14% ulcers), without any relation with clinical symptoms. Those patients who received larger doses than 30mgr./kg./day of AAS suffered most frequently lesions (43.8%). These 28 patients with lesions have been studied prospectively in a double blind method, and treated twice a day with 150 mgs. doses of Ranitidine or Placebo, throughout a period of 5 weeks without discontinuing the treatment with anti-inflammatories (AAS, Indomethacin, steroids). At the end of the trial those patients who failed in healing their lesions were treated with Ranitidine in the same doses for another period of 5 weeks. The treatment with Ranitidine in doses of 300 mgr/day has resulted curative of the gastroduodenal lesions, although maintaining the aggressive drugs, in the 87% of the patients. We have observed that the treatment with Placebo is less effective and that difference has high statistical significance (p 0.005).
Spirituality and mental healthMental Health Editors:Spirituality and mental healthPhilip J Barker andPoppyBuchanan-Barker WhurrFirst250£19.5018615639221861563922 (2004)

This book is one of many currently contributing to the growing interest in the relationship between spirituality and mental health. It seeks to contest a reductionist and bureaucratic approach to health care which some might consider has prevailed for far too long.
Immunological modification of adriamycin cardiotoxicity. (1980)

Adriamycin-specific antibody has been shown to increase the survival of mice receiving an acute cardiotoxic dose of adriamycin. The concentrations of adriamycin in heart tissue were reduced and those in tumor elevated for more than 2 days in animals that received the antibody. The adriamycin-specific antibody prevented and reversed adriamycin inhibition of cardiac microsomal Na-K ATPase.
ORC, MCM, and Histone Hyperacetylation at the Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Latent Replication Origin (2004)

The viral genome of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) persists as an extrachromosomal plasmid in latently infected cells. The KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) stimulates plasmid maintenance and DNA replication by binding to an approximately 150-bp region within the viral terminal repeats (TR). We have used chromatin immunoprecipitation assays to demonstrate that LANA binds specifically to the replication origin sequence within the KSHV TR in latently infected cells. The latent replication origin within the TR was also bound by LANA-associated proteins CBP, double-bromodomain-containing protein 2 (BRD2), and the origin recognition complex 2 protein (ORC2) and was enriched in hyperacetylated histones H3 and H4 relative to other regions of the latent genome. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the minichromosome maintenance complex protein, MCM3, bound TR in late-G(1)/S-arrested cells, which coincided with the loss of histone H3 K4 methylation. Micrococcal nuclease studies revealed that TRs are embedded in a highly ordered nucleosome array that becomes disorganized in late G(1)/S phase. ORC binding to TR was LANA dependent when reconstituted in transfected plasmids. DNA affinity purification confirmed that LANA, CBP, BRD2, and ORC2 bound TR specifically and identified the histone acetyltransferase HBO1 (histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1) as a potential TR binding protein. Disruption of ORC2, MCM5, and HBO1 expression by small interfering RNA reduced LANA-dependent DNA replication of TR-containing plasmids. These findings are the first demonstration that cellular replication and origin licensing factors are required for KSHV latent cycle replication. These results also suggest that the KSHV latent origin of replication is a unique chromatin environment containing histone H3 hyperacetylation within heterochromatic tandem repeats.
Structure, Phase Transitions, and Isotope Effects in [(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N]<sub>2</sub>PuCl<sub>6</sub> (2015)

The single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of [(CH3)4N]2PuCl6 is presented for the first time, resolving long-standing confusion and speculation regarding the structure of this compound in the literature. A temperature-dependent study of this compound shows that the structure of [(CH3)4N]2PuCl6 undergoes no fewer than two phase transitions between 100 and 360 K. The phase of [(CH3)4N]2PuCl6 at room temperature is Fd3̅c a = 26.012(3) Å. At 360 K, the structure is in space group Fm3̅m, with a = 13.088(1) Å. The plutonium octahedra and tetramethylammonium cations undergo a rotative displacement, and the degree of rotation varies with temperature, giving rise to the phase transition from Fm3̅m to Fd3̅c as the crystal is cooled. Synthesis and structural studies of the deuterated salt [(CD3)4N]2PuCl6 suggest that there is an isotopic effect associated with this phase transition, as revealed by a changing transition temperature in the deuterated versus protonated compound, indicating that the donor-acceptor interactions between the tetramethylammonium cations and the hexachloroplutonate anions are driving the phase transformation.
Membrane bioreactors hit the big time - from lab to full scale application (2000)

This paper reports on the recent developments in membrane bioreactor technology and the reasons behind the transformation from a high-tech laboratory system to a commercially viable process for full scale application. A review of the trends in membrane costs and performance has shown an approximate halving of the capital cost and an effective ten fold reduction in the projected operating costs since 1992. A brief introduction of the Kubota flat sheet submerged membrane process is given together with results based upon operating experience of pilot and full scale Kubota effluent treatment plants. A description is given of the 13,000 m3/d Kubota sewage treatment plant currently at an advanced stage of construction at Swanage on the south Dorset coast. Additionally, the use of the process to rapidly upgrade an existing treatment plant is also illustrated with the commissioning of a large scale industrial effluent plant on Dairy waste. (orig.)
Bovine Milk Orotic Acid: Variability and Significance for Human Nutrition (1980)

Abstract Bovine milk, the main source of orotic acid in the human diet, contains approximately 80 ng orotic acid per milliliter, .1% of the fat-free solids. Orotic acid is virtually the only component in the acid-soluble nucleotide fraction of bovine milk. Variation is considerable in the concentration of orotic acid from dairy cows. This is primarily attributable to cow-to-cow variation. A secondary factor is stage of lactation; orotic acid is low in colostrum, increases for 10 wk, and remains constant through most of the rest of lactation; upon cessation of milking, orotic acid in lacteal secretions decrease within 6 wk to the low content of colostrum. Orotic acid at 1% in the diet leads to severely fatty livers in rats; more than .1% is necessary to induce the effect. Furthermore, rats appear to be unique in their susceptibility to fatty livers induced by orotic acid. Mice, guinea pigs, hamsters, chicks, dogs, pigs, and monkeys do not respond similarly to diets with 1% orotic acid. The lack of susceptibility in mice is in part due to increased urinary excretion of dietary orotic acid. The basis for the absence of response in other species has not been examined. While research is required, the evidence does not suggest that orotic acid in milk poses a serious problem to human consumers.
A Survey of Software for Partial Differential Equations (1980)

This paper contains a survey of the past and current software developments in the field of partial differential equatmns. Software tools alined at reducing the task of solving partial differential equations are subdivided mto five classes Though attempting to give a broad overview of the field, the survey is biased toward general-purpose software, and the main emphasis is laid on two important classes of partial differentml equatmn software, that is, program packages with a high-level programmmg language interface and program packages with a special language interface.
Atomic, molecular, & optical physics handbook (1996)

Partial Contents: Units and Constants. Mathematical Methods. Angular Momentum Theory. Group Theory for Atomic Shells. Dynamical Groups. Computational Techniques. Hydrogenic Wave Functions. Atoms. Atomic Spectroscopy. High Precision Calculations for Helium. Atomic Multipoles. Atoms in Strong Fields. Ion Beam Spectroscopy. Thomas- Fermi and Other Density-Functional Theories. Many-Body Theory of Atomic Structure and Processes. Photoionization of Atoms. Quantum Electrodynamics. Tests of Fundamental Physics. Parity Nonconserving Effects in Atoms Molecules. Molecular Structure. Radiative Transition Probabilities. Molecular Photodissociation. Time-Resolved Molecular Dynamics. Gas Phase Ionic Reactions. Clusters. Infrared Spectroscopy. Laser Spectroscopy in the Submillimeter and Far-Infrared Region. Spectroscopic Techniques: Lasers. Spectroscopic Techniques: Ultraviolet. Scattering Theory. Elastic Scattering: Classical, Quantal and Semiclassical. Orientation and Alignment in Atomic and Molecular Collisions. Positron Collisions. Adiabatic and Diabatic Collision Processes at Low Energies. Ion Atom Charge Transfer Reactions at Low Energies. Continuum Distorted Wave and Wannier Methods. Dielectronic