gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of waveguide avalanche photodiodes with InP and InAlAs multiplication layer for 25  Gb/s operation (2014)

2.5 and 10 Gb/s InP/InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (APDs) have been widely used in optical communication systems. However, the study on InP/InGaAs APDs above 10 Gb/s is insufficient. Recently, high-speed and high-sensitivity APDs for 100 Gb/s or even 400 Gb/s optical communication systems have drawn a lot of attention. On basis of the physical model for frequency response of APD including the dead space effect, a waveguide separate absorption, grading, charge, and multiplication (WG-SAGCM) InP/InGaAs APD has been designed for 25 Gb/s operation. Also, the frequency response of WG InAlAs/InGaAs APD was also simulated, which is perfectly in accordance with the experimental data. The comparison between InP/InGaAs APD and InAlAs/InGaAs APD with the same thickness of multiplication layer shows that the speeds of carriers in the nonionization layers are also important for the gain-bandwidth characteristics of SAGCM WG-APD. The higher drift velocity of carriers returned from multiplication layer and the lower drift velocity of carriers injected into multiplication layer result in a higher gain-bandwidth product and a higher dc gain. This work is helpful for the design of high-speed APDs.
Supporting selective information sharing with people-tagging (2008)

We explore the idea of tagging people for selective information sharing in the context of a social-personal information management (SPIM) system. Each new tag applied to a person has a distinctly specifiable visibility, and people tagged with the same key word form a relationship group that can be used as an access control option for each piece of information. We introduce the idea and motivation behind people-tagging, describe a research implementation we have created to experiment with the concept, and provide a preliminary discussion of potential usage and directions for future work.
Arginine, Administrated in Various Ways, as a Stimulator of Insulin Secretion in the Rabbit (1986)

The insulin-secretional effect of arginine administrated to rabbits either intravenously or via alimentary tract was measured. Arginine stimulatory effect on insulin secretion was found after both ways of amino acid introduction, however, the extent of the stimulation depended upon the route of administration, with intravenous route being four times more effective than the oral one. This difference may depend on the small susceptibility to food stimulators of the herbivorous animals.
Optimising non-real time frame handling in real time ethernet nodes (2015)

Modern Real Time Ethernet technologies rely on well-described hardware acceleration techniques to ensure that hard real-time deadlines are met. Real Time Ethernet is also often used in situations where appreciable non real-time bandwidth is used and where throughput is important. In this paper, using the example of PROFINET, we examine the performance of various communication controller architectures in non-real-time data handling. Finding the performance not up to industry requirements we propose a multiprocessor architecture and describe an implementation and measurement results. This architecture allows better partitioning of communication and application processing whilst supporting maximum bandwidth utilization for non-real-time traffic.
The Rearrangement of endo-3,6-Methylene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-cis-phthalic Anhydride (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rearrangement of endo-3,6-Methylene-1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-cis-phthalic AnhydrideDavid CraigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 10, 4889–4892Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01154a124https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01154a124research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views978Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hybrid system dynamic—discrete event simulation-based architecture for hierarchical production planning (2005)

Multi-plant production planning problem deals with the determination of type and quantity of products to produce at the plants over multiple time periods. Hierarchical production planning provides a formal bridge between long-term plans and short-term schedules. A hybrid simulation-based hierarchical production planning architecture consisting of system dynamics (SD) components for the enterprise level planning and discrete event simulation (DES) components for the shop-level scheduling is presented. The architecture consists of the Optimizer, Performance Monitor and Simulator modules at each decision level. The Optimizers select the optimal set of control parameters based on the estimated behaviour of the system. The enterprise-level simulator (SD model) and shop-level simulator (DES model) interact with each other to evaluate the plan. Feedback control loops are employed at each level to monitor the performance and update the control parameters. Functional and process models of the proposed architecture are specified using IDEF. The internal mechanisms of the modules are also described. The modules are interfaced using High Level Architecture (HLA). Experimental results from a multi-product multi-facility manufacturing enterprise demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach.
Design, art and the notion of empathy (2008)

When the notion of empathy (Greek: em-pathos), which in its broadest sense may be defined as the ability to have compassion for and an understanding of the thoughts, feelings, and situation of another being and humanity in general, is linked to the practice of design which is based on discursive consciousness, the question to be answered is: What role does this specific emotion play in the creation of useful objects and for whom are they intended? Empathic role-taking can be said to elicit altruistic behaviour and provides a vicarious experience, through putting the individual in the place of another who may be suffering, or in need of physical aid that may be relieved or assisted by a tool or object. This specially designed tool or object may be uniquely individual or capable of mass-production and a broader application in society. Goal-directed rational action defines us as humans, but the designer should have a passionate commitment to the continuous improvement of social well-being and also prioritise ecological issues in the interest of the future of the human race. Design has point and value because it is an activity that is based on a desire to obtain knowledge of reality, humanity and the principles of reason, goodness, nature and beauty in very general terms. Hopefully the future will lead to an attempt to avoid turning value into mere profit by marketing expendable products.
Gamification. using game-design elements in non-gaming contexts (2011)

"Gamification" is an informal umbrella term for the use of video game elements in non-gaming systems to improve user experience (UX) and user engagement. The recent introduction of 'gamified' applications to large audiences promises new additions to the existing rich and diverse research on the heuristics, design patterns and dynamics of games and the positive UX they provide. However, what is lacking for a next step forward is the integration of this precise diversity of research endeavors. Therefore, this workshop brings together practitioners and researchers to develop a shared understanding of existing approaches and findings around the gamification of information systems, and identify key synergies, opportunities, and questions for future research.
Design of the MAC frame structure regardless of contention in ATM-PON (2002)

A common broadband PON applicable to many operators increases the world-wide market for the product. Multiplexing of data from the customer into the network is done passively on the PON. PONs offer a flexible future proof service delivery platform for the access network. The MAC (medium access control) protocol controls ONU (optical network unit) access to the shared capacity on the PON, this protocol is very important if TDMA (time division multiple access) multiplexing is used on the upstream. The MAC protocol must be efficient because the PON capacity is shared. Dynamic allocation of bandwidth to active ONUs enables higher efficiency than if the capacity is fixed at call set-up. Many MAC protocols operating as collison-free and collison-based protocols have been proposed and are now proposed. Therefore there are many kinds of protocol and data frame that are transmitted between OLT (optical line termination) and ONUs. If the network operator which manages OLT supports many types of protocol at ONUs, the network operator can support these. In this paper, the MAC frame structure offers the flexibility to cope with different physical layer specifications. At the same time it offers the possibility of implementing a variety of media access protocols so that a variety of services can be supported. This frame guarantees the operation of various protocols at ONUs using a key-set that has variable fields.
Possession as the Origin of Property (1985)

How do things come to be owned?This is a fundamental puzzle for anyone who thinks about property.One buys things from other owners, to be sure, but how did the other owners get those things?Any chain of ownership or title must have a first link.Someone had to do something to anchor that link.The law tells us what steps we must follow to obtain ownership of things, but we need a theory that tells us why these steps should do the job.John Locke's view, once described as "the standard bourgeois theory," 1 is probably the one most familiar to American students.Locke argued that an original owner is one who mixes his or her labor with a thing and, by commingling that labor with the thing, establishes ownership of it.'This labor theory is appealing because it appears to rest on "desert," 3 but it has some problems.First, without a prior theory of ownership, it is not self-evident that one owns even the labor that is mixed with something else. 4 Second, even if one does own the labor that one performs, the labor theory provides no guidance in determining the scope of the right that
PGD Synthase and PGD<b><sub>2</sub></b>in Immune Resposne (2012)

PGD(2) is formed from arachidonic acid by successive enzyme reactions: oxygenation of arachidonic acid to PGH(2), a common precursor of various prostanoids, catalyzed by cyclooxygenase, and isomerization of PGH(2) to PGD(2) by PGD synthases (PGDSs). PGD(2) can be either pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on disease process and etiology. The anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory attributes of PGDS/PGD(2) provide opportunities for development of novel therapeutic approaches for resistant infections and refractory inflammatory diseases. This paper highlights the role of PGD synthases and PGD2 in immune inflammatory response.
A 2.9 Megabit Field Memory for IDTV and Pal + Applications (1994)

Today's television has reached a high state of picture quality, and further major improvements are limited by the restrictions of the transmission standards. However, as IC technology advances, means have become available to eliminate or reduce many of the effects which still impair a perfect picture rendition. Among these effects are large-area flicker, line-flicker, cross talk between lumioance and chrominance. and noise. Most of the TV makers working in that application area, normally referred to as IDTV (Improved Definition TV), use dedicated ASM, called Field Memories (FMEM's), to store in an appropriate digital format the picture received by the TV set, and to apply to it DSP concepts, in order to improve the above mentioned effects. A novel architecture of a 2.9Meg Field Memory that is emerging as a European Industry Standard in IDTV applications, is described. Further evolution of the device especially suitable for PALplus applications is also described. I - Introduction A Field Memory (FMEM) is a synchronous serial access memory, that operates according to the First-In First-Out (FIFO) data management concept, providing N-bit in parallel both in writing and in reading mode. While write and read operations are synchronous with the related clocks, the two clocks may be uncorrelated if so desired by the user. When read access is delayed relative to write access, the device functions like a FIFO register. The amount of delay determines the length of the FIFO register. A FMEM is basically made by a DRAM memory core that, by means of an input and an output serial register and an internal refresh circuitry, acts as a fully static FIFO. However, unlike a conventional FIFO data may be read as many times as desired, once it is written into the DRAM storage array. FMEM's are designed especially for Video and TV applications, since their first characteristic is the capability of being operated at a high speed, with clock frequency from 30 to 40 MHz.
The calorimetric determination of the heats of adsorption of oxygen on evaporated metal films (1960)

Abstract A Beeck-type calorimeter has been used to measure the integral heat of adsorption of oxygen on evaporated films of titanium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, niobium, molybdenum, rhodium, palladium, tantalum, tungsten, platinum and aluminium. The variation of the heat with the extent of the adsorption has also been determined, except with palladium, platinum and aluminium, for which the amounts of oxygen adsorption were too small to allow this to be done. The heats of adsorption reported are based on a careful determination of the heat capacity of the calorimeter and the overall error is not more than ± 5 kcal/mole. Some investigations of calorimetric behaviour have been made. The surface areas of the films have been measured before and after an adsorption by the B.E.T. method; krypton isotherms at — 196 °C were used for this purpose. From these data, it has been possible to estimate the number of atoms of oxygen adsorbed per surface metal atom. In most cases, this quantity, together with the heat of adsorption, can be related to the oxygen/metal ratios and the heats of formation of certain oxides; this observation is remarkable in view of the limited extent of the adsorption. In the cases of rhodium, palladium and platinum the adsorption stops short of a monolayer and is probably true chemisorption rather than oxide formation. For those metals on which oxide formation occurs, the decrease in heat of adsorption with increasing coverage has been interpreted, in general, in terms of an increase in the oxidation number of surface metal ions by electron transfer within the adsorbed layer. Some theoretical correlations between the heat of adsorption and the atomic and the bulk properties of the species concerned have been examined and found of little value; an empirical relation with the metallic radius is given.
Experimental bedsonial arthritis (1973)

Abstract A bedsonia isolated from the joint of a patient with Reiter's syndrome produced arthritis when injected into the knees of Macaca mulatta or New Zealand white rabbits. The monkeys developed an acute self‐limited arthritis that resolved within 11 to 49 days. Symptoms were limited to the injected joints. Reinoculation of the same joints produced a similar arthritis, indicating that repeated exposure neither enhances nor diminishes clinical response. Repeated intraurethral inoculation produced urethritis in 1 macaque, and the organism was recovered from the urethra. Infected rabbits developed a chronic arthritis. Bedsonial infection and disease in the rabbit were disseminated from joint to eye and from joint to selected viscera. Viable multiplying organisms were essential to produce arthritis, and treatment with tetracycline before agent inoculation prevented disease. Bedsonial organisms other than those recovered from Reiter's syndrome also caused arthritis when injected into the knees of monkeys or rabbits.
Searchable Symmetric Encryption (2017)

Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) when deployed in the cloud allows one to query encrypted data without the risk of data leakage. Despite the widespread interest, existing surveys do not examine in detail how SSE’s underlying structures are designed and how these result in the many properties of a SSE scheme. This is the gap we seek to address, as well as presenting recent state-of-the-art advances on SSE. Specifically, we present a general framework and believe the discussions may lead to insights for potential new designs. We draw a few observations. First, most schemes use index table, where optimal index size and sublinear search can be achieved using an inverted index. Straightforward updating can only be achieved using direct index, but search time would be linear. A recent trend is the combinations of index table, and tree, deployed for efficient updating and storage. Secondly, mechanisms from related fields such as Oblivious RAM (ORAM) have been integrated to reduce leakages. However, using these mechanisms to minimise leakages in schemes with richer functionalities (e.g., ranked, range) is relatively unexplored. Thirdly, a new approach (e.g., multiple servers) is required to mitigate new and emerging attacks on leakage. Lastly, we observe that a proposed index may not be practically efficient when implemented, where I/O access must be taken into consideration.
A stability-ensuring procedure for designing high conversion-gain frequency doublers (2002)

This paper presents a new general procedure for designing optimum conversion gain class B FET frequency doublers. For the first time, the two key design variables, i.e. the reflection coefficients of the input and output matching networks, /spl Gamma//sub IMN,2fo/ and /spl Gamma//sub OMN,fo/, can be independently swept without risking device oscillation and hence simulator nonconvergence. This permits the designer to directly select the best parameters for maximum but insensitive conversion gain. Exemplary conversion gain contours typical for HEMTs and MESFETs are finally presented.
Laser Hole Boring into Overdense Plasma and Relativistic Electron Currents for Fast Ignition of ICF Targets (1997)

Laser hole boring and relativistic electron transport into plasma of 10 times critical density is studied by means of 2D particle-in-cell simulation. At intensities of ${I}_{0}{\ensuremath{\lambda}}^{2}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}10}^{20}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, a channel $12\ensuremath{\lambda}$ deep and $3\ensuremath{\lambda}$ in diameter has formed after 200 laser cycles. The laser driven electron current carries up to 40% of the incident laser power. When penetrating the overdense region, it breaks up into several filaments at early times, but is channeled into a single magnetized jet later on. These features are essential for fast ignition of targets for inertial confinement fusion (ICF).
Complement Activation by Alginate–Polylysine Microcapsules Used for Islet Transplantation (1994)

A foreign body reaction is frequently observed around implanted microcapsules of alginate-polylysine. Since complement activation can play a role in this reaction, we checked in vitro the ability of empty alginate-polylysine microcapsules to activate complement. Human serum was incubated with microcapsules, and complement activation was evaluated by two methods: the complement hemolytic activity (CH50) and the assay of the C3adesArg fragment. The occurrence of complement activation in the presence of microcapsules was suggested both by a CH50 decrease and by high C3adesArg levels despite C3adesArg adsorption to the capsule membrane. Capsule membrane protection against the cytotoxic effects of complement was also tested. No hemolysis occurred when microencapsulated sensitized sheep erythrocytes were incubated with activated complement. In conclusion, the microcapsule membrane can protect cells against activated complement fragments. Nevertheless, alginate-polylysine microcapsules do activate complement, and this effect must be considered for its use as an implant.
STABILITY OF EQUIVALENT PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS OF THE MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE LINEAR STOCHASTIC PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS (1998)

In this paper the stochastic multiple objective programming problems where the right-hand-side of the constraints is stochastic are considered. We define the equivalent scalar-valued problem and study the stability of the equivalent scalar-valued problem with respect to the weight parameters and probability mesures under reasonable assumptions.
Visible light communication system using mobile phone camera receiver and imaging receiver (2016)

Nowadays, white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are promising for future indoor lighting due to their advantages such as low power consumption, long lifetime, small size and cool operation. Intensity modulation with direct detection of LED as well as unlicensed visible light spectrum provide the potential of low-cost and high-speed indoor wireless visible light communication (VLC). This report describes an experimental demonstration of the indoor wireless VLC system using white LED as transmitter. An indoor wireless VLC system using white LED as transmitter and using mobile phone camera as receiver is designed and built due to the popularity of mobile devices equipped with embedded cameras. A photo containing an oversampled OOK signal is captured by CMOS sensors embedded in mobile phone camera with rolling shutter mechanism. Through experiments, 11 bits can be extracted correctly from a photo. The system data rate is found to be limited by the intrinsic property of rolling shutter effect. An indoor wireless 2 × 2 MIMO OFDM VLC system using white LEDs as transmitters and using imaging receiver is designed and built. An imaging receiver can form a well-conditioned channel matrix for MIMO signal detection and thus the system data rate can grow multiply according to the MIMO size. The OFDM signals is transmitted over a free-space distance. The raw data rate per channel is 200 Mbps using 16QAM mapping and 50 MHz modulation bandwidth, and the system data rate achieved is 400 Mbps (200 × 2 Mbps). When the distance is 1.05m and receiver position offset is 0 cm, the average BER about 3.8 × 10-3 is achieved. When the distance is 1 m and receiver position offset is 12 cm, the average BER about 3.8 × 10-3 is achieved.