gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A simplified assay for the enzyme responsible for the attachment of myristic acid to the <i>N</i>-terminal glycine residue of proteins, myristoyl-CoA: glycylpeptide <i>N</i>-myristoyltransferase (1989)

A greatly simplified assay for myristoyl-CoA:glycylpeptide N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) activity is described. The assay is based on the differential solubility of the acyl-peptides produced as a consequence of the NMT activity and yields results comparable with those obtained with the original assay described by Towler & Glaser [(1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83, 2812-2816], which requires h.p.l.c. to determine the production of the acyl-peptides. The use of the revised assay in the preliminary steps of the purification of rat brain NMT is described, and its use in determining the fatty acid-specificity of the enzyme is illustrated. The results are shown to be comparable with those obtained with the h.p.l.c.-based assay.
Probiotic or synbiotic alters the gut microbiota and metabolism in a randomised controlled trial of weight management in overweight adults (2018)

The gut microbiota contributes to host energy metabolism, and altered gut microbiota has been associated with obesity-related metabolic disorders. We previously reported that a probiotic alone or together with a prebiotic controls body fat mass in healthy overweight or obese individuals in a randomised, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01978691). We now aimed to investigate whether changes in the gut microbiota may be associated with the observed clinical benefits. Faecal and plasma samples were obtained from a protocol compliant subset (n=134) of participants from a larger clinical study where participants were randomised (1:1:1:1) into four groups: (1) placebo, 12 g/d microcrystalline cellulose; (2) Litesse® Ultra™ polydextrose (LU), 12 g/day; (3) Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis 420™ (B420), 10<sup>10</sup> cfu/d in 12 g microcrystalline cellulose; (4) LU+B420, 1010 cfu/d of B420 in 12 g/d LU for 6 months of intervention. The faecal microbiota composition and metabolites were assessed as exploratory outcomes at baseline, 2, 4, 6 months, and +1 month post-intervention and correlated to obesity-related clinical outcomes. Lactobacillus and Akkermansia were more abundant with B420 at the end of the intervention. LU+B420 increased Akkermansia, Christensenellaceae and Methanobrevibacter, while Paraprevotella was reduced. Christensenellaceae was consistently increased in the LU and LU+B420 groups across the intervention time points, and correlated negatively to waist-hip ratio and energy intake at baseline, and waist-area body fat mass after 6 months treatment with LU+B420. Functional metagenome predictions indicated alterations in pathways related to cellular processes and metabolism. Plasma bile acids glycocholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and taurohyodeoxycholic acid and tauroursodeoxycholic acid were reduced in LU+B420 compared to Placebo. Consumption of B420 and its combination with LU resulted in alterations of the gut microbiota and its metabolism, and may support improved gut barrier function and obesity-related markers.
Estimated nephron number of the remaining donor kidney: impact on living kidney donor outcomes (2016)

Low nephron number predisposes donors to inferior remaining eGFR, hypertension and proteinuria. The strong correlation in elderly donors may be attributed to reduced renal functional reserve due to the decline of renal function with age.
Photo Hall-effect characterization of closely compensated Ge:Be (1986)

The temperature dependence of the free-carrier concentration in germanium doped with the double acceptor Be has been investigated using the photo Hall-effect technique and found to be strongly temperature dependent when the residual shallow impurities are closely compensated. Close compensation (NA≂ND) of shallow levels was achieved by controlling the concentration of a beryllium–hydrogen acceptor complex A(Be,H) which is present in crystals grown under a H2 atmosphere. This complex can be removed with high-temperature annealing. An increase of up to two orders of magnitude in free-carrier lifetime as a function of temperature is found to occur between 5 and 11 K in closely compensated material due to the population inversion of ionized centers created by optical pumping.
Detection of neutral organic compounds by excimer-forming bichromophoric γ-cyclodextrins (1991)

γ-Cyclodextrin derivatives bearing two 2-naphthylsulphonyl moieties show excimer emission that is markedly affected by the presence of guests, and can be used to detect a variety of neutral organic compounds.
Modulation of Dermal Cell Activity During Hair Growth in the Rat (1975)

Interaction between connective tissue cells and hair growth in the rat has been studied by radioautography after in vivo and in vitro pulse labelling with thymidine, uridine, histidine, leucine and proline. The connective tissue, which surrounds and integrates the hair bulbs as a unit, contains cells of various types which have a cyclic metabolic activity. This cyclic activity is coordinated with the hair growth cycle. The number of nuclei which actively synthesize DNA in the dermal cells, mainly those of endothelial and migratory cells, significantly increases during the short and transient anagen 4 substage. RNA and protein synthesizing activities are also present in all cell types and seem modulated by the hair cycle although to a lesser degree. This data provides an important basis for the interpretation of similar studies in alopecia areata.
Edge Detection in Landing Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) (2009)

We conclude that budgerigars use visual edges to target and guide landings. Calculations of photoreceptor excitation reveal that edge detection in landing budgerigars is performed by a color-blind luminance channel that sums the signals from the red and green photoreceptors, or, alternatively, receives input from the red double-cones. This finding has close parallels to vision in honeybees and primates, where edge detection and motion perception are also largely color-blind.
<i>In situ</i>studies of microstructural changes in YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−x</sub>during O and He irradiation (1989)

Abstract We have studied the microstructural changes occurring in YBa2Cu3O7-x (the so-called ‘123’ phase) upon room temperature irradiation by He+ and O +, in situ, on samples that had been thinned by ion milling before irradiation, using a transmission electron microscope on line with the ion implanter. In previous work on samples crushed from the bulk or on films ion-milled after irradiation, the samples amorphized above a threshold of about 0.3 displacement per atom. In the present case, no amorphization is observed, instead, precipitation of Cu2O occurs, indicating complete demixing of the ceramic. This process seems to nucleate at the ion-milled surfaces. For a displacement-per-atom ratio of about 0·10, a change from the orthorhombic to the tetragonal structure of the ‘123’ compound occurs. It is suggested that the result is quite general. The effects of the microstructural changes on the electrical properties are briefly discussed.
Stochastic Models Predict User Behavior in Social Media (2013)

User response to contributed content in online social media depends on many factors. These include how the site lays out new content, how frequently the user visits the site, how many friends the user follows, how active these friends are, as well as how interesting or useful the content is to the user. We present a stochastic modeling framework that relates a user's behavior to details of the site's user interface and user activity and describe a procedure for estimating model parameters from available data. We apply the model to study discussions of controversial topics on Twitter, specifically, to predict how followers of an advocate for a topic respond to the advocate's posts. We show that a model of user behavior that explicitly accounts for a user transitioning through a series of states before responding to an advocate's post better predicts response than models that fail to take these states into account. We demonstrate other benefits of stochastic models, such as their ability to identify users who are highly interested in advocate's posts.
RAPID PROTOTYPING OF CENTRIFUGAL MICROFLUIDIC MODULES FOR POINT-OF-CARE BLOOD TESTING (2016)

We present modular centrifugal microfluidic devices that enable a series of blood tests to be performed, resulting in a full blood count (FBC). CD-based microfluidics control fluids on devices shaped like compact discs by rotation, using a small motor to generate a centrifugal force [1]. The modular approach allows for rapid prototyping of device components in a generic format to complete different combinations of blood tests with quick turn-around times using  low-cost and rapid manufacturing processes. Individual modular devices are then analyzed by a separate optical or microscopy imaging system and disposed thereafter, while the disc control platform can be re-used. This work presents application examples for blood smear tests and packed cell volume (PCV). PCV is one of the blood count parameters of a FBC test, also known as a haematocrit [2]. FBC tests are commonly performed as a starting point in evaluating patients with various medical conditions such as anemia and polycythaemia [2]. If abnormal results have been found in a FBC, peripheral blood smear analysis is then used as an important diagnostic test [3]. Centrifugal system capabilities are useful for blood tests such as blood cell separation [4]. The CD platform shows promise as a microfluidic technology for diagnostic tests at the point-of-care, such as at rural clinics found across South Africa [5]. The re-usable CD and disposable modular components are manufactured from transparent layers of polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and pressure sensitive adhesive using a laser cutter, milling machine and manual press. This makes the modular blood slides robust and low-cost compared with traditional glass slides used by pathologists to create blood smears. The results show that high quality blood smears can be generated repeatably and compare well to manual smears when inspected by microscopy. PCV results are comparable to those obtained from FBC tests performed at pathologist laboratories using automated, standard techniques. The platform can be extended to investigate other blood analysis techniques such as density gradient tests. Additive manufacturing techniques could be applied to realize the modular components and CD devices. The modular centrifugal microfluidic approach has the potential to have great impact on the lives of South Africans by providing rapid blood testing at the point-of-care.
Biocatalytic Reduction ofβ,δ-Diketo Esters: A Highly Stereoselective Approach to All Four Stereoisomers of a Chlorinatedβ,δ-Dihydroxy Hexanoate (2001)

A stereoselective chemoenzymatic synthesis of all four stereoisomers of tert-butyl 6-chloro-3,5-dihydroxy-hexanoate (6a) is presented. The key step of the sequence is a highly regio- and enantioselective single-site reduction of tert-butyl 6-chloro-3,5-dioxohexanoate (1a) by two enantiocomplementary biocatalysts. Alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (recLBADH) afforded a 72% yield of enantiopure tert-butyl (S)-6-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate [(S)-2a]. The enantiomer (R)-2a was prepared with 90-94% ee by Baker's yeast reduction in a biphasic system (50% yield). Both biotransformations were performed on a gram scale. The beta-keto group of the enantiomeric delta-hydroxy-beta-keto esters 2a thus obtained was reduced by syn- and anti-selective borohydride reductions. Permutation of the reduction methods yielded all four stereoisomers of the crystalline target compound 6a (> or = 99.3% ee, dr > or = 205:1), which is a versatile 1,3-diol building block. recLBADH accepts a variety of beta,delta-diketo esters as was determined in a photometric assay. tert-Butyl 3,5-dioxo-hexanoate (1b) and tert-butyl 3,5-dioxo-heptanoate (1c) were reduced on a preparative scale as well to afford the corresponding delta-hydroxy-beta-keto esters (R)-2b and (R)-2c with 99.4% ee and 98.1% ee, respectively.
Exploring Carbon Nanotube Bundle Global Interconnects for Chip Multiprocessor Applications (2009)

The current paradigm of using Cu interconnects for on-chip global communication is rapidly becoming a serious performance bottleneck in ultra-deep submicron (UDSM) technologies. Carbon nanotube (CNT) based interconnects have been proposed as an alternative, because of their remarkable conductive, mechanical and thermal properties. In this paper, we investigate the system level performance of single-walled CNT (SWCNT) bundles, and mixed SWCNT/multi-walled CNT (MWCNT) bundles. Detailed RLC equivalent circuit models for conventional Cu and CNT bundle interconnects are described and used to determine propagation delays. These models are then incorporated into a system-level environment to estimate the impact of using CNT bundle global interconnects on the overall performance of several multi-core chip multiprocessor (CMP) applications. Our results indicate that the CNT bundle alternatives have a slight performance advantage over Cu global interconnects. With further improvements in CNT fabrication technology, we show how CNT bundle-based interconnects can significantly outperform Cu interconnects.
The current‐voltage characteristics of a large probe in low Earth orbit: TSS‐1R results (1998)

Measurements of the current collected by the Tethered Satellite System (TSS) satellite as a function of voltage and ambient plasma parameters are presented. The satellite current is found to vary approximately with the square root of the potential from below 10 to nearly 1200 V. The collected current exceeded premission expectations, based on the Parker and Murphy [1967] collection model, by factors of two to three. Possible reasons for discrepancies between the measurements and model are briefly discussed.
Complement Components, Complement Activation, and Acute Phase Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1984)

The investigation concerned 33 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients assigned to three groups representing mild SLE, more severe extra renal SLE, and SLE with significant renal involvement. In patients with extrarenal disease, the inflammatory plasma protein response was often pronounced during exacerbation, as evidenced by markedly increased concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), α<sub>1</sub>-antichymotrypsin, αpantitrypsin, and orosomucoid. CRP responses were rare in patients with renal involvement, despite the increased concentrations of other acute-phase reactants in some of these patients. Superimposed bacterial infections were not clearly distinguished by raised CRP concentrations. The classical pathway of complement was activated in all patients during exacerbation, as indicated by increased concentrations of CIr-CIs-CI inactivator complexes and C2a fragments. C1, C2, and probably also C3 activation varied according to the amounts of circulating C1q-binding immune complexes, as measured by solid-phase assay. Manifest hypocomplementemia was usually associated with glomerulonephritis. Participation of complement components in the inflammatory plasma protein response apparently counteracted the development of hypocomplementemia in many patients with extrarenal SLE. Circulating C3d was detected in all patients during exacerbation of renal disease and in most patients with severe extrarenal manifestations. Inverse relationships were found between immunochemical C2 concentrations and the percentage of cleaved C2 and between C3 and C3d. There was no appreciable consumption of factors B and D and properdin of the alternative pathway in the patients. High concentrations of factor D, a low molecular weight protein, were exclusively found in patients with renal involvement and could be ascribed to retention due to reduced glomerular filtration.
Modeling of rarefied gas heat conduction between wafer and susceptor (1998)

Gas-assisted wafer cooling/heating system is one of the key technologies for manufacturing microelectronic devices. The heat conduction in the gap between wafer and susceptor is modeled here as a one- or two dimensional (1-D or 2-D) rarefied gas problem. The simulation is performed for monatomic and diatomic gases by means of the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. In the 1-D case the gas heat conductivity is obtained for various factors (gas species, surface temperature, energy accommodation coefficient) as a function of the Knudsen number. All numerical data obtained can be summarized by a simple equation: Smoluchowski's equation extended to the free molecular regime. In the 2-D case, the DSMC method is applied to the heat transfer between rough and smooth surfaces. The effect of surface roughness on heat conduction is clarified.
Markov Random Fields (MRF) - Based Texture Segmentation for Road Detection (2008)

Traffic observation from airplane platforms using digital cameras is a fairly new application of Video Image Detection Systems (VIDS). These systems are also particularly interesting for observations at major events or in catastrophe situations. Applied systems are small or medium-sized panchromatic cameras. In order to concentrate on road image processing algorithms were applied to distinguish between urban and surrounding vegetation areas. Therefore texture-based segmentation seems to be an adequate approach, because of the panchromatic images. Attention is focused on MRF, which are examined concerning their use for texture based extraction of street space in aerial photographs.
Planar Structures from Line Correspondences in a Manhattan World - eScholarship (2014)

Planar Structures from Line Correspondences in a Manhattan World Chelhwon Kim 1 , Roberto Manduchi 2 Electrical Engineering Department Computer Engineering Department University of California, Santa Cruz Santa Cruz, CA, US Abstract. Traditional structure from motion is hard in indoor environ- ments with only a few detectable point features. These environments, however, have other useful characteristics: they often contain severable visible lines, and their layout typically conforms to a Manhattan world geometry. We introduce a new algorithm to cluster visible lines in a Man- hattan world, seen from two different viewpoints, into coplanar bundles. This algorithm is based on the notion of “characteristic line”, which is an invariant of a set of parallel coplanar lines. Finding coplanar sets of lines becomes a problem of clustering characteristic lines, which can be accomplished using a modified mean shift procedure. The algorithm is computationally light and produces good results in real world situations. Introduction This paper addresses the problem of reconstructing the scene geometry from pictures taken from different viewpoints. Structure from motion (SFM) has a long history in computer vision [1, 2], and SFM (or visual SLAM) algorithms have been ported on mobile phones [3, 4]. Traditional SFM relies on the ability of detecting and matching across views a substantial number of point features. Unfortunately, robust point detection and matching in indoor environments can be challenging, as the density of detectable points (e.g. corners) may be low. At the same time, indoor environments are typically characterized by (1) the presence of multiple line segments (due to plane intersections and other linear structures), and (2)“Manhattan world” layouts, with a relatively small number of planes at mutually orthogonal orientations. This paper introduces a new algorithm for the detection and localization of planar structures and relative camera pose in a Manhattan world, using line matches from two images taken from different viewpoints. As in previous ap- proaches [5–7], the orientation (but not the position) of the two cameras with respect to the environment is computed using vanishing lines and inertial sensors (available in all new smartphones). The main novelty of our algorithm is in the criterion used to check whether groups of lines matched in the two images may be coplanar. Specifically, we introduce a new invariant feature (~n -characteristic line) of the image of a bundle of coplanar parallel lines, and show how this
1122: A New Animal Model for Human Cystinuria Type 1 (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Monday, May 10, 2004, Monday, May 10, 2004 1:00 - 5:00 pm1 Apr 20041122: A New Animal Model for Human Cystinuria Type 1 Thomas Knoll, Maurice S. Michel, T. Peters, C. Thaete, Peter Alken, and Johannes Grosse Thomas KnollThomas Knoll More articles by this author , Maurice S. MichelMaurice S. Michel More articles by this author , T. PetersT. Peters More articles by this author , C. ThaeteC. Thaete More articles by this author , Peter AlkenPeter Alken More articles by this author , and Johannes GrosseJohannes Grosse More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38359-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1122: A New Animal Model for Human Cystinuria Type 1." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 296 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 296 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Thomas Knoll More articles by this author Maurice S. Michel More articles by this author T. Peters More articles by this author C. Thaete More articles by this author Peter Alken More articles by this author Johannes Grosse More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Thinking about Howard Temin. (1995)

Twenty years after the discovery of oncogenes, we have come to Keystone to assess progress and find new pathways to discovery. To begin this homage to the power of molecular biology, I want to go back to the historic roots of this discipline. Each spring there is a gathering of scientists at Cold Spring Harbor to discuss some aspect of contemporary biology and they are published as the Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. That phrase, "quantitative biology" seems quaint today--who among us could imagine non-quantitative biology? But those symposia are a record of a new and revolutionary influence on 20th century biology, the desire for quantitative measurement in a field that had been dominated by observation.
On the Placement of On-Body Antennas for Ultra Wideband Capsule Endoscopy (2017)

Ultra wideband communication is proposed as an alternative to increase the data rate for in-body to on-body communication compared with existing narrowband standards. However, up to now, it is unknown, which maximum data rates can be achieved in this environment. The channel capacity is a theoretic tool that allows quantifying this limit. In a frequency-dependent environment like the human body, it is necessary to know the frequency dependence of the communication channel to calculate the channel capacity. As there are no reproducible models available in literature that enable the calculation of the channel capacity, we propose a new channel modeling technique based on a plane wave propagating through a multi-layered dielectric. From this simplified model, the frequency-dependent path loss for various in- and on-body locations can be calculated analytically. Thus, the channel capacity can be determined. In addition, this approach offers the possibility to determine the optimum position of multiple receive antennas on the abdominal surface. Results show that a single receive antenna gives nearly no improvement compared to existing standards. However, if the number of antennas is increased to 5, the 10%-outage capacity can be improved by several orders of magnitude.