gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Contrast Adaptation in the Input and Output Signals of Salamander Retinal Ganglion Cells (2001)

We investigated how the light-evoked input and output signals of salamander retinal ganglion cells adapt to changes in temporal contrast, i.e., changes in the depth of the temporal fluctuations in the light intensity about the mean. Increasing the temporal contrast sped the kinetics and reduced the sensitivity of both the light-evoked input currents measured at the ganglion cell soma and the output spike trains of the cell. The decline in sensitivity of the input currents after an increase in contrast had two distinct kinetic components with fast (<2 sec) and slow (>10 sec) time constants. The recovery of sensitivity after a decrease in contrast was dominated by a single component with an intermediate (4-18 sec) time constant. Contrast adaptation differed for on and off cells, with both the kinetics and amplitude of the light-evoked currents of off cells adapting more strongly than those of on cells. Contrast adaptation in the input currents of a ganglion cell, however, was unable to account for the extent of adaptation in the output spike trains of the cell, indicating that mechanisms intrinsic to the ganglion cell contributed. Indeed, when fluctuating currents were injected into a ganglion cell, the sensitivity of spike generation decreased with increased current variance. Pharmacological experiments indicated that adaptation of spike generation to the current variance was attributable to properties of tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channels.
Digital Forensics in Law Enforcement: A Needs Based Analysis of Indiana Agencies (2016)

Cyber crime is a growing problem, with the impact to society increasing exponentially, but the ability of local law enforcement agencies to investigate and successfully prosecute criminals for these crimes is unclear. Many national needs assessments have previously been conducted, and all indicated that state and local law enforcement did not have the training, tools, or staff to effectively conduct digital investigations, but very few have been completed recently. This study provided a current and localized assessment of the ability of Indiana law enforcement agencies to effectively investigate crimes involving digital evidence, the availability of training for both law enforcement officers and prosecuting attorneys, and the ability of prosecuting attorneys to pursue and obtain convictions in cases involving digital evidence. The results support the recommendation that a comprehensive resource guide is needed, as standard operating procedures are lacking, and law enforcement is unaware of available training courses and resources.
A 10W X-band pulsed GaAs FET (1980)

Increases in GaAS FET X-band power output, possible using pulsed operation at high voltage, will be reported, citing peak power output of more than 10W obtained at 8GHz from a device capable of 5W CW at 6GHz.
A Review of Classification Schemes for Computer Communication Networks (1977)

Classification of computer communication networks often depends upon the point of view and background of the person doing the classifying. Network designers, for example, tend to categorize the network according to its switching functioc–rcuit switching, message switch-or packet switching. Managers, who are occupied with economic considerations, look at the topological aspects of a network as centralized, decentralized, or distributed. Finally, network operators are interested in the use of deterministic, stochastic, or flow control routing algorithms, which are methods of routing the message or other communication entity across the network.
Glucan-induced hemopoietic and immune stimulation: therapeutic effects in sublethally and lethally irradiated mice. (1986)

The hemopoietic effects of glucan, a beta 1,3 polyglycan biological response modifier, were assayed in normal and irradiated mice. In normal mice, glucan administration increased the content of bone marrow and splenic transplantable pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-s), committed granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC), and pure macrophage progenitor cells (M-CFC). In mice partially hemopoietic depleted by exposure to 6.5 Gy of 60Co irradiation glucan increased the number of endogenous pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (E-CFU). The most pronounced effects were observed when glucan was administered 1 day before irradiation. In addition, the administration of glucan 1 day before lethal (9.0 Gy) irradiation-enhanced survival. The enhanced survival in glucan-treated mice in part appeared to be mediated by an enhanced resistance to the surgence of enteric opportunistic pathogens that occurs following radiation-induced hemopoietic and immune depression.
Comparison of two algorithms for isotropic elastic P and S vector decomposition (2015)

ABSTRACT P- and S-wavefield separation is necessary to extract PP and PS images from prestack elastic reverse time migrations. Unlike traditional separation methods that use curl and divergence operators, which do not preserve the wavefield vector component information, we did P and S vector decomposition, which preserves the same vector components that exist in the input elastic wavefield. The amplitude and phase information was automatically preserved, so no amplitude or phase corrections were required. We considered two methods to realize P and S vector decomposition: selective attenuation and decoupled propagation. Selective attenuation uses viscoelastic extrapolation, in which the Q-values are used as processing parameters, to remove either the P-waves or the S-waves. Decoupled propagation rewrites the stress and particle velocity formulation of the elastic equations into separate P- and S-wave components. In both methods, the decomposition is realized during the extrapolation of an elastic wavefield. These algorithms could also perform P and S decomposition in x-t gather data by extrapolating the data downward from the receivers, during which the decomposition is performed, and then back upward to record the decomposed P- and S-waves at the receivers. Comparisons of the two methods in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and memory showed that both could separate P- and S-waves in the vector domain. The decoupled propagation is preferable in terms of speed and memory cost, but was applicable only to elastic propagation.
Recent Trends in the Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in a Commercially Insured US Population (2012)

Analysis of the epidemiological data revealed an increasing burden of IBD in recent years, which may be used to inform policy.
Cell cycle control of DNA replication by p34cdc2. (1991)

Commitment to DNA replication is one of the major control points of the eukaryotic cell cycle, and one that has been curiously hard to analyse. However, homologous components of this process are now being identified by genetic analysis of yeast and by biochemical analysis of cell-free systems from higher eukaryotes. This homology suggests that these components are part of a universal mechanism for controlling the eukaryotic cell cycle. The most important component of this mechanism is the cdc2 protein, which controls the initiation of both DNA replication and mitosis. At present, however, its precise role in DNA replication is unclear.
Synthesis of Pregnane Derivatives, Their Cytotoxicity on LNCap and PC-3 Cells, and Screening on 5α-Reductase Inhibitory Activity (2009)

A series of epoxy- and/or 20-oxime pregnanes were synthesized from commercially available pregnenolone. Compounds 1, 3, 7, 8 and 11-13 were evaluated for cytotoxicity activity towards LNCaP (androgen-dependent) and PC-3 (androgen-independent) prostate cancer cells. Compound 13 showed the highest activity on both LNCaP (IC(50) 15.17 microM) and PC-3 (IC(50) 11.83 microM) cell lines. Compound 11 showed weak activity on LNCaP cells (IC(50) 71.85 microM) and 8 showed the weak activity on PC-3 cells (IC(50) 68.95 microM), respectively. The 5alpha-reductase II (5AR2) inhibitory effects of compounds 1-3, 5 and 7-13 were investigated in a convenient screening model, in which compounds 5, 8, 11 and 12 were observed to be potential inhibitors of 5alpha-reductase, in particular, the 4-azasteroid 11, that also inhibited cell proliferation of androgen-dependent cells and 8, that in addition inhibited PC-3 cells more potently than LNCaP cells.
Auditing Standard Of Consistency (1968)

Auditing, Auditing process, Consistency, Accelerated Depreciation
The multifaceted role of lysine acetylation in cancer: prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target (2016)

Lysine acetylation is a post-translational modification that regulates gene transcription by targeting histones as well as a variety of transcription factors in the nucleus. Recently, several reports have demonstrated that numerous cytosolic proteins are also acetylated and that this modification, affecting protein activity, localization and stability has profound consequences on their cellular functions. Interestingly, most non-histone proteins targeted by acetylation are relevant for tumorigenesis. In this review, we will analyze the functional implications of lysine acetylation in different cellular compartments, and will examine our current understanding of lysine acetyltransferases family, highlighting the biological role and prognostic value of these enzymes and their substrates in cancer. The latter part of the article will address challenges and current status of molecules targeting lysine acetyltransferase enzymes in cancer therapy.
Invariant solutions of minimal large-scale structures in turbulent channel flow for up to 1000 (2016)

Understanding the origin of large-scale structures in high-Reynolds-number wall turbulence has been a central issue over a number of years. Recently, Rawat et al. ( J. Fluid Mech. , vol. 782, 2015, pp. 515–540) have computed invariant solutions for the large-scale structures in turbulent Couette flow at $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\simeq 128$ using an overdamped large-eddy simulation with the Smagorinsky model to account for the effect of the surrounding small-scale motions. Here, we extend this approach to Reynolds numbers an order of magnitude higher in turbulent channel flow, towards the regime where the large-scale structures in the form of very-large-scale motions (long streaky motions) and large-scale motions (short vortical structures) emerge energetically. We demonstrate that a set of invariant solutions can be computed from simulations of the self-sustaining large-scale structures in the minimal unit (domain of size $L_{x}=3.0h$ streamwise and $L_{z}=1.5h$ spanwise) with midplane reflection symmetry at least up to $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}\simeq 1000$ . By approximating the surrounding small scales with an artificially elevated Smagorinsky constant, a set of equilibrium states are found, labelled upper- and lower-branch according to their associated drag. It is shown that the upper-branch equilibrium state is a reasonable proxy for the spatial structure and the turbulent statistics of the self-sustaining large-scale structures.
O libro dos salmos (1987)

Serial ultrasonographic examinations were performed on the kidneys of 10 healthy cats during normal hydration and after administration of contrast medium. Differences in the appearance of anatomic structures or in the echo intensity were not detected between kidneys during normal hydration and after contrast medium administration. The appearance of scanning images was influenced by mode, frequency, and focal range of the transducer, topography and mobility of the kidneys, and adequate sound conduction.
Efficient mode-matching design of substrate-integrated waveguide filters (2012)

For the purpose of providing faster CAD algorithms for substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filter design, an efficient mode-matching technique uses a model to convert circular via holes to square shapes. It is demonstrated that a conversion based on the side length of the equivalent square via being equal to the arithmetic mean of the side lengths of the inscribed and circumscribed squares of the circular via provides results acceptable even for advanced filter design procedures. Several filter examples using the SIW equivalents of metal-insert, inductive-iris and H-plane quasi-elliptic waveguide filters are designed using the mode-matching technique with square via holes. The results are then verified by commercially available field solvers modeling the respective filters with circular via holes. A final comparison with measurements verifies the design procedure in practical applications.
Applied Statistics for Bioinformatics using R (2009)

The purpose of this book is to give an introduction into statistics in order to solve some problems of bioinformatics. Statistics provides procedures to explore and visualize data as well as to test biological hypotheses. The book intends to be introductory in explaining and programming elementary statistical concepts, thereby bridging the gap between high school levels and the specialized statistical literature. After studying this book readers have a sufficient background for Bioconductor Case Studies (Hahne et al., 2008) and Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Solutions Using R and Bioconductor (Genteman et al., 2005). The book does not aim to give a deep technical discussion of the mathematical foundation, but, rather, to provide a set of practical ideas and tools to analyze data. Where deemed useful the reader is referred to the literature as well as to publicly available information. The theory is kept minimal and is always illustrated by several examples with data from research in bioinformatics. Prerequisites to follow the stream of reasoning is limited to basic high-school knowledge about functions. It may, however, help to have some knowledge of gene expressions values (Pevsner,
Investigación, desarrollo e innovación en red eléctrica (2001)

Tras presentar el interes por la I+D+I de la empresa Red Electrica, el autor justifica la importancia de la innovacion y explica de que forma se desarrolla la innovacion en la empresa. Se analiza el entorno destacando las oportunidades y amenazas existentes en el sector y, de acuerdo a este contexto, se recogen las prioridades que guian Red electrica a la hora de elegir sus proyectos de I+D+I: reducir los costes de construccion, operacion y mantenimiento de las instalaciones; aumentar la calidad del servicio de transporte y mejorar la integracion de la actividad de transporte con el medio ambiente.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Human Limbal Niche Cells (2012)

In the limbal stroma, cells subjacent to limbal basal epithelial cells serve as niche cells, and generate progenitors with angiogenesis and mesenchymal stem cells potentials. They might partake in angiogenesis and regeneration during corneal wound healing.
Differential Expression of α-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase in Adenocarcinomas of the Small and Large Intestines (2005)

Alpha-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR), a novel immunomarker for prostatic adenocarcinoma, has recently been shown to be expressed in a number of malignancies including colorectal adenocarcinoma. In the current study, 59 surgically resected primary small intestinal adenocarcinomas (34 ampullary and 25 non-ampullary) were immunohistochemically examined for AMACR expression and compared with 66 colorectal adenocarcinomas (including 24 secondary tumors involving the small intestine by direct extension or metastasis). The results show that no AMACR immunoreactivity was detected in normal-appearing small and large intestinal mucosa. While 41 of 66 (62%) colorectal adenocarcinomas exhibited a variable degree of cytoplasmic staining, only 1 of 25 (4%) non-ampullary and 2 of 34 (6%) ampullary small intestinal adenocarcinomas showed positive AMACR immunoreactivity (P < 0.0001). Interestingly, AMACR appeared to be less frequently expressed in mucinous or poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas when compared with non-mucinous or better-differentiated counterparts, suggesting an association with microsatellite instability status. These results extend our previous observations that small intestinal adenocarcinomas differ markedly from colorectal adenocarcinomas despite their morphologic similarity. The different AMACR expression patterns may not only provide an additional diagnostic tool in the distinction between adenocarcinomas of the small and large intestinal origins but may also shed light on further understanding of intestinal tumorigenesis.
Optical System for On-Line Monitoring and Temperature Control in Selective Laser Melting Technology (2010)

A monitoring system is developed to visualize and to control the process of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) of metallic powder. The system is integrated with industrial PHENIX PM-100 machine. Visualization is carried out using LED illumination and CCD-camera; a home developed pyrometer is applied for monitoring of thermal phenomena in the zone of laser impact. Deviation of temperature from its optimal value is chosen as a criterion for the express method of quality control.
Industrial Gas Turbines (1971)

The industrial gas turbines discussed in this chapter are divided into two main categories: (1) internal combustion turbines ranging from very simple units with outputs as low as 25 kW up to several MW; (2) closed cycle gas turbines. The first group covers designs similar to those dealt with in Chapters 7 and 9, which have a fuel-combustion chamber (or chambers) built into the turbine unit; the gas used for the compression, combustion, expansion, and exhaust cycle is air. The second type is more closely related to the steam turbine, since the heat is supplied to the gas cycle from an external source such as exhaust heat from another engine or from separate combustion of fuels, including those in a nuclear reactor. The gas used can be something other than air; for example, helium.
Retrieval Practice Produces More Learning than Elaborative Studying with Concept Mapping (2011)

Educators rely heavily on learning activities that encourage elaborative studying, whereas activities that require students to practice retrieving and reconstructing knowledge are used less frequently. Here, we show that practicing retrieval produces greater gains in meaningful learning than elaborative studying with concept mapping. The advantage of retrieval practice generalized across texts identical to those commonly found in science education. The advantage of retrieval practice was observed with test questions that assessed comprehension and required students to make inferences. The advantage of retrieval practice occurred even when the criterial test involved creating concept maps. Our findings support the theory that retrieval practice enhances learning by retrieval-specific mechanisms rather than by elaborative study processes. Retrieval practice is an effective tool to promote conceptual learning about science.
Generalization and representation of synthesis pathways in the COSYMA system (1992)

Abstract A new approach of computer‐assisted design of organic synthesis is proposed with the COSYMA system. It is based on the similarity between the target molecule and an intermediate or the final product of a well‐known synthesis pathway. Similarity between two molecules is defined as equality of the structures obtained by applying generalization rules to these two molecules. Similarity criteria are described, and associated generalization rules expressed. A new internal representation of synthesis pathways is also described, which fits COSYMA requirements, and consists of time‐independent structural and temporal parts. The temporal part describes variations of atom connectivity in the different synthesis steps.
The Teacher Accountability Debate (2016)

The teacher accountability narrative is part of a larger effort to restructure the teaching profession by turning it into a market-based activity.This paper seeks to deconstruct the assumptions embedded in the narrative.
An Air-Cored Autotransformer with Nearly Equal Decibel Taps (2000)

When the first shunt inductor from the input of a passive high-pass filter, serving as a crossover element in a loudspeaker system, is realized as an autotransformer, the effective sensitivity of the driver that it feeds can be adjusted without changing its frequency or phase response or interacting with other parts of the system. It is shown how such a circuit element, which 1) uses an air core and 2) has taps in nearly equal steps of dB, may be realized economically.
Abstract O-55: THE APPLICATION OF PEDIATRIC EARLY WARNING SCORE(PEWS) IN EMERGENCY OBSERVATION ROOM (2018)

Aims & Objectives: To assess the ability of pediatric early warning scoring system (PEWS) to recognize the critically ill children in emergency observation room Methods We collected those patients’ general information (including gender, age, disease diagnosis), and different points of PEWS(admission, the highest, discharge), and different outcomes, and prognosis(survival or death of those admitted in PICU) Results A total of 4744 children(male 62.9%) were enrolled and categorized into 4 groups according to their different outcomes namely, discharged group(G1, n=2320), specialized ward group(G2, n=2128), ICU group(G3, n=269), and spontaneous discharge group(G4, n=27). The diagnosis of those patients was divided into 17 categories. There was no significant difference in gender between four groups. Children in G4 were younger and those who had tumor diseases had the highest proportion of admission to PICU. The different PEWS scores were statistically significant among the four different groups (P < 0.001). Neither the first scores nor the highest ones had significant difference between G1 and G2, but contrarily between G1 and G3, as well as G2 and G3. The discharge scores were different between any two groups. We use AUROC curve to predict the possibility of PICU admission and the corresponding death, and the values were 0.698, 0.878, 0.974 and 0.709, 0.883, 0.951, respectively. Their corresponding cut-off values were 2.5, 3.5, 3.5 and 1.5, 3.5, 3.5, respectively. The discharge scores had the strongest prediction ability and highest specificity and sensitivity. Conclusions PEWS can be used for early identification of critically ill children or potential ones