gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Mechanism Insight of a Peptide-Grafted Hyperbranched Polymer Nanosheet with Weak Positive Charges but Excellent Intrinsically Antibacterial Efficacy (2016)

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasingly problematic issue in the world and there is a present and urgent need to develop new antimicrobial therapies without drug resistance. Antibacterial polymers are less susceptible to drug resistance but they are prone to inducing serious side effects due to high positive charge. Herein we report a peptide-grafted hyperbranched polymer which can self-assemble into unusual nanosheets with highly effective intrinsically antibacterial activity but weak positive charges (+ 6.1 mV). The hyperbranched polymer was synthesized by sequential Michael addition-based thiol-ene and free radical mediated thiol-ene reactions, and followed by ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). The nanosheet structure was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. Furthermore, a novel "wrapping and penetrating" antibacterial mechanism of the nanosheets was revealed by TEM and it is the key to significantly decrease the positive charges but have a very low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 μg mL(-1) against typical Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Overall, our synthetic strategy demonstrates a new insight for synthesizing antibacterial nanomaterials with weak positive charges. Moreover, the unique antibacterial mechanism of our nanosheets may be extended for designing next-generation antibacterial agents without drug resistance.
Automated focusing in bright‐field microscopy for tuberculosis detection (2010)

Automated microscopy to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum smear slides would enable laboratories in countries with a high tuberculosis burden to cope efficiently with large numbers of smears. Focusing is a core component of automated microscopy, and successful autofocusing depends on selection of an appropriate focus algorithm for a specific task. We examined autofocusing algorithms for bright-field microscopy of Ziehl-Neelsen stained sputum smears. Six focus measures, defined in the spatial domain, were examined with respect to accuracy, execution time, range, full width at half maximum of the peak and the presence of local maxima. Curve fitting around an estimate of the focal plane was found to produce good results and is therefore an acceptable strategy to reduce the number of images captured for focusing and the processing time. Vollath's F₄ measure performed best for full z-stacks, with a mean difference of 0.27 μm between manually and automatically determined focal positions, whereas it is jointly ranked best with the Brenner gradient for curve fitting.
Polymer-enforced crystallization of a eutectic binary hard sphere mixture (2011)

We prepared a buoyancy matched binary mixture of polydisperse polystyrene microgel spheres of size ratio Γ = 0.785 at a volume fraction of Φ = 0.567 just below the kinetic glass transition. In line with theoretical expectations, a eutectic phase behaviour was observed, but only a minor fraction of the samples crystallized at all. By adding a short non-adsorbing polymer we enforce inter-species fractionation into coexisting pure component crystals, which in turn also shows signs of intra-species fractionation. We show that in formerly inaccessible regions of the phase diagram binary hard sphere physics are made observable using attractive hard spheres.
Parenchymal patterns of the breast defined by real time ultrasound (1995)

The association of mammographic parenchymal patterns of the breast with breast cancer risk has been studied extensively but there is little information about the distribution of different patterns in populations at different risks for breast cancer. Such information could be obtained if a risk-free method of breast examination were available that could be applied to the general population. We have evaluated real time ultrasound for this application by comparing the parenchymal pattern as assessed by mammography with the extent of echogenicity in the breast on ultrasound examination in 102 subjects. Subjects were examined by both methods, the mammographic and ultrasound images independently classified, and the proportion of the breast occupied by radiological density or ductal prominence compared with the extent of echogenic areas on ultrasound. These two methods of classifying mammographic parenchymal patterns were found to be strongly correlated. Real time ultrasound may therefore be useful in the epidemiological study of mammographic pattern and breast cancer risk.
Weakly-supervised Learning of Mid-level Features for Pedestrian Attribute Recognition and Localization (2017)

State-of-the-art methods treat pedestrian attribute recognition as a multi-label image classification problem. The location information of person attributes is usually eliminated or simply encoded in the rigid splitting of whole body in previous work. In this paper, we formulate the task in a weakly-supervised attribute localization framework. Based on GoogLeNet, firstly, a set of mid-level attribute features are discovered by novelly designed detection layers, where a max-pooling based weakly-supervised object detection technique is used to train these layers with only image-level labels without the need of bounding box annotations of pedestrian attributes. Secondly, attribute labels are predicted by regression of the detection response magnitudes. Finally, the locations and rough shapes of pedestrian attributes can be inferred by performing clustering on a fusion of activation maps of the detection layers, where the fusion weights are estimated as the correlation strengths between each attribute and its relevant mid-level features. Extensive experiments are performed on the two currently largest pedestrian attribute datasets, i.e. the PETA dataset and the RAP dataset. Results show that the proposed method has achieved competitive performance on attribute recognition, compared to other state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, the results of attribute localization are visualized to understand the characteristics of the proposed method.
Synthesis of a highly efficient cDNA library (1991)

Journal Article Synthesis of a highly efficient cDNA library Get access Bimal K. Ray, Bimal K. Ray 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO 65211, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Alpana Ray Alpana Ray 1Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO 65211, USA2Veterinary Pathology, University of MissouriColumbia, MO 65211, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 16, 25 August 1991, Page 4559, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.16.4559 Published: 25 August 1991 Article history Accepted: 23 May 1991 Published: 25 August 1991
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Motesanib in Combination with Panitumumab and Gemcitabine-Cisplatin in Patients with Advanced Cancer (2011)

Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and tolerability of motesanib (an orally administered small-molecule antagonist of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and Kit) when administered in combination with panitumumab, gemcitabine, and cisplatin. Methods. This was an open-label, multicenter phase 1b study in patients with advanced solid tumors with an ECOG performance status ≤1 and for whom a gemcitabine/cisplatin regimen was indicated. Patients received motesanib (0 mg [control], 50 mg once daily [QD], 75 mg QD, 100 mg QD, 125 mg QD, or 75 mg twice daily [BID]) with panitumumab (9 mg/kg), gemcitabine (1250 mg/m(2)) and cisplatin (75 mg/m(2)) in 21-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the incidence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Results. Forty-one patients were enrolled and received treatment (including 8 control patients). One of eight patients in the 50 mg QD cohort and 5/11 patients in the 125 mg QD cohort experienced DLTs. The maximum tolerated dose was established as 100 mg QD. Among patients who received motesanib (n = 33), 29 had motesanib-related adverse events. Fourteen patients had serious motesanib-related events. Ten patients had motesanib-related venous thromboembolic events and three had motesanib-related arterial thromboembolic events, two of which were considered serious. One patient had a complete response and nine had partial responses as their best objective response. Conclusions. The combination of motesanib, panitumumab, and gemcitabine/cisplatin could not be administered consistently and, at the described doses and schedule, may be intolerable. However, encouraging antitumor activity was noted in some cases.
Expansion and de novo generation of potentially therapeutic regulatory T cells in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (2008)

Functionally enhanced T-regs can be expanded and generated de novo in patients with AIH. This finding may assist in reconstituting impaired immune regulation and restoring peripheral tolerance through T-reg infusion in this condition.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the As-Cast and Extruded Mg-(6-11)Li-3Al-Ce-Ca Alloys (2010)

Samples of (A) Mg-6.86Li-3.02Al-1.12Ce-0.7Ca, (B) Mg-8.15Li-3.07Al-1.12Ce-0.72Ca and (C) Mg-10.54Li-3.54Al-1.23Ce-0.94Ca alloys are prepared by casting and extrusion process. The microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys are characterized. The results indicate that the as-cast specimens of (A) and (B) have α+β dual phase structure and the as-cast (C) alloy has β phase (Li), α+β eutectic structure. Bulk and rod-like Al2Ce and Al2Ca compounds are found in matrix and boundaries in all the alloys. The orientation relationship between a type of Al2(Ce, Ca) phase and the α phase is confirmed, i.e., [\\bar112]||[7\\bar2\\bar53]α, (1\\bar11)||(01\\bar1\\bar1)α. For the extruded alloys, the microstructures are refined and the β phase has the effect of coordination during deformation. The long rod-like and bulk compounds become short rods and fine clumps distributing evenly in the extruding direction. The microstructure of extruded Mg-10.54Li-3.54Al-1.23Ce-0.94-Ca alloy testifies the existence of the eutectic structure. The tensile strength and yield strength of Mg-6.86Li-3.02Al-1.12Ce-0.7Ca (UTS: 12.5%, YS: 36%) and Mg-8.15Li-3.07-Al-1.12Ce-0.72Ca (UTS: 24%, YS: 46%) alloys have improved after extruding process.
AN EXPERIMENTAL MULTIPLE BARBED SUTURE FOR THE LONG FLEXOR TENDONS OF THE PALM AND FINGERS (1967)

1. Multiple barbed sutures made from nylon are described and the theoretical advantages with the use of the nylon are outlined. 2. Methods of joining tendon stumps using the multiple barbed sutures are illustrated and in vitro tests show that the anchorage of this suture in cadaveric and canine flexor tendons is of the same order. 3. Preliminary in vivo tests where the flexor digitorum profundus tendon of dogs have been repaired with multiple barbed sutures show that it maintains apposition of the tendon stump as effectively as the Bunnell "buried core" technique using G 40 stainless steel wire. 4. The multiple barbed suture is an experimental suture for certain compact tendons capable of giving a neat and relatively atraumatic junction. It requires further study and development. It does not appear to make tendon repair technically easier, nor does it alter the indications for operation or management.
A mapping strategy for querying multiple object databases with a global object schema (2002)

In a multidatabase system which consists of object databases, a global schema created by integrating schemes of the component databases provides a uniform interface and high level location transparency for the users to retrieve data. The mapping information between the global and component schemas is important for the global query processing. In this paper, a mapping strategy is presented. A mapping equation is defined to denote the mappings for attributes and object instances among a virtual class and its constituent classes. In addition, a mapping graph is used to describe the mapping equation. According to the mapping information, the mechanism to process global queries is introduced. One processing unit is responsible to decompose the global query into the subqueries against the component databases. Moreover, to handle the effects of schema restructuring, preprocessing and postprocessing units are provided for each local DBMS. Finally, the results returned from component databases need to be integrated. The certain result and maybe result for a global query are discussed. Also, the situation where a real-world entity is represented in different component databases as different objects is considered for the result integration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Cloning and Expression of Bovine κ-Casein in Escherichia coli (1988)

A cDNA library was constructed using poly(A) +RNA from bovine mammary gland. This cDNA library of 6000 clones was screened employing colony hybridization using 32P-labelled oligonucleotide probes and restriction endonuclease mapping. The cDNA from the selected plasmid, pKR76, was sequenced using the dideoxy-chain termination method. The cDNA insert of pKR76 carries the full-length sequence, which codes for mature kappa-casein protein. The amino acid sequence deduced from the cDNA sequence fits the published amino acid sequence with three exceptions; the reported pyroglutamic acid at position 1, tyrosine at position 35, and aspartic acid at position 81 are, respectively, a glutamine, a histidine, and an asparagine in the clone containing pKR76. The MspI-, NlaIV-cleaved fragment (630 base pair) from the kappa-casein cDNA insert has been subcloned into expression vectors pUC18 and pKK233-2, which contain a lac promoter and a trc promoter, respectively. Escherichia coli cells carrying the recombinant expression plasmids were shown to produce kappa-casein protein having the expected mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and being recognized by specific antibodies raised against natural bovine kappa-casein.
SCHOOL (2011)

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Risk Mitigation for Life Settlements (2006)

Investors seeking new structures for acquiring policies in the life settlement market encounter several underlying risks unique to the asset class. Those risks, described in this article, include contestability risk, missing body risk, insurable interest risk, incorrect-purchase-price risk, life insurance company credit risk, cost-of-insurance risk, and longevity risk. Some risks can be easily mitigated, but others require more complicated risk transfer mechanisms that combine financial products with insurance products. These products range from contestability coverage to more sophisticated mortality risk transfer constructs that blend equity derivative products with property casualty insurance. As the life settlement market evolves, risk mitigation will play an increasing role in reducing volatility and enabling predictable returns to allow for more institutional capital participation. Knowledge about the risks and the available risk mitigation solutions becomes a must for prospective investors interested in entering into the life settlement market. <b>TOPICS:</b>Other real assets, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, credit risk management
Play optics with LEGO (1997)

The basic elements of a fairly complete optomechanical kit based on the use of LEGO<SUP>TM</SUP> is presented. Through a careful exploitation of the many standard LEGO elements, and adding a few new simple components made of plexiglass, we demonstrate that almost all of the mechanical parts of an optical setup can be built with little effort and at an extremely reduced cost. Several systems and experiments are presented, mainly in the fields of optical filtering and interferometry, to show that the proposed mountings are perfectly suitable for didactic purposes, and can often be employed even in more demanding scientific applications.
[Clinical results of transduodenal sphincteroplasty and choledochoduodenostomy in acute cholecystitis]. (1990)

In acute cholecystitis of the 460 patients, in 126, besides the cholecystectomy, the transduodenal sphincteroplasty (79) and supraduodenal choledochoduodenostomy (47) were performed. The postoperative lethality was 6.3 and 4.2%, respectively, mean duration of treatment of the patients at the hospital after the operation - 18.5 and 23.5 days. The excellent and good long-term results were noted in 78 and 73% of the patients examined. A conclusion is drawn, that sphincteroplasty and choledochoduodenostomy in complicated acute cholecystitis is more preferable, than choledochotomy and external drainage of the common bile duct.
Assessing and Assuring Trust in E-Commerce Systems (2006)

On-line trading or Internet Commerce restoring to E-Commerce systems are gradually replacing the traditional commerce activities. Internet users must have reasonable faith on the underlying systems before comfortably using it. To convince users to confidently enjoy the benefits that Internet and E-commerce systems can bring, an E-commerce system needs to be trustful and convincing to the users. In the paper, we proposed a computational model on which the E-commerce system can be developed, and the trust level will be introduced and assessed based on users attitudes, opinions and motivations, and provide some insight for the customers of Internet commerce. The model has two features: to assess the trust level of existing E-commerce systems, and to recommend the E-Retailers how to improve the trust level. Based on the model, a prototype system of assessing trust level of E-commerce system has been designed. Online based e-EI system has demonstrated the computational model is feasible and the implemented system is efficient and reliable. It is of significance in recommending the E-retailers to improve the trust level of their E-commerce systems.
Low complexity receivers for CDMA communications over frequency-selective channels (2002)

A number of studies show that multiuser detection in CDMA communications can be performed blindly even in a frequency-selective fading environment. However, the computational cost of these blind approaches is magnitudely higher than that of adaptive MMSE receivers which require knowledge of the desired user's signature waveform. The problem is alleviated by Tsatsanis and Bora (see IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1997) where a low complexity blind algorithm is proposed at the expense of reception performance. We present a totally blind adaptive method which yields near optimum performance with complexity comparable to that of the nonblind MMSE receivers.
Blind Quantum Computing with Weak Coherent Pulses (2012)

The universal blind quantum computation (UBQC) protocol [A. Broadbent, J. Fitzsimons, and E. Kashefi, in Proceedings of the 50th Annual IEEE Symposiumon Foundations of Computer Science (IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, 2009), pp. 517-526.] allows a client to perform quantum computation on a remote server. In an ideal setting, perfect privacy is guaranteed if the client is capable of producing specific, randomly chosen single qubit states. While from a theoretical point of view, this may constitute the lowest possible quantum requirement, from a pragmatic point of view, generation of such states to be sent along long distances can never be achieved perfectly. We introduce the concept of ϵ blindness for UBQC, in analogy to the concept of ϵ security developed for other cryptographic protocols, allowing us to characterize the robustness and security properties of the protocol under possible imperfections. We also present a remote blind single qubit preparation protocol with weak coherent pulses for the client to prepare, in a delegated fashion, quantum states arbitrarily close to perfect random single qubit states. This allows us to efficiently achieve ϵ-blind UBQC for any ϵ>0, even if the channel between the client and the server is arbitrarily lossy.
Signal Processing Systems: Theory and Design (1997)

Signals systems signal transforms convolutional type forms of systems finite recursive representations algorithms stability of dynamical systems applications.
Robot collision avoidance control using distance computation (2002)

Control of robot collision avoidance is studied. A repulsive force is artificially created using the distances between the robot links and obstacles which are generated by a distance computation algorithm. Control gains are selected w.r.t. the ranges of the angular velocity and angular acceleration of a PUMA 562 manipulator. In this paper, the computational time of the distance computation algorithm has been proved to be acceptable for robot collision avoidance applications. Two two-link robots are assumed in simulation. The control scheme is able to drive these robots to their destinations without collision.
Luminal glucagon-like peptide-1(7–36) amide-releasing factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon (1995)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is released from endocrine cells of the distal part of the gut after ingestion of a meal. GLP-1 secretion is, in part, under the control of hormonal and/or neural mechanisms. However, stimulation of the colonic L cells may also occur directly by the luminal contents. This was examined in the present study, using an isolated vascularly perfused rat colon. GLP-1 immunoreactivity was measured in the portal effluent after luminal infusion of a variety of compounds which are found in colonic contents (nutrients, fibers, bile acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)). Oleic acid (100 mM) or a mixture of amino acids (total concentration 250 mM), or starch (0.5%, w/v) did not increase GLP-1 secretion over basal value. A pharmacological concentration of glucose (250 mM) elicited a marked release of GLP-1 which was maximal at the end of infusion (400% of basal), while 5 mM glucose was without effect on secretion. Pectin evoked a dose-dependent release of GLP-1 over the range 0.1-0.5% (w/v) with a maximal response at 360% of basal when 0.5% pectin was infused. Cellulose or gum arabic (0.5%) did not modify GLP-1 secretion. The SCFAs acetate, propionate or butyrate (5, 20 and 100 mM) did not induce a significant release of GLP-1. Among the four bile acids tested, namely taurocholate, cholate, deoxycholate and hyodeoxycholate, the last one was the most potent at eliciting a GLP-1 response with a maximal release at 300% and 400% of the basal value when 2 and 20 mM bile acid were administered respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Handbook for district sanitation coordinators (1983)

This handbook is written for the use of District Sanitation Coordinators (DSC's) charged with implementing District sanitation programs in Botswana. The handbook presents a step by step description of the components of the district sanitation program for which the DSC's will be responsible. The components are arranged in the order in which they are likely to be encountered in the field: (1) the setting up of the district program, (2) the composition and resonsibilities of the program team, (3) the design and construction of the latrine, (4) step by step village implementation including survey, construction and revenue collection, and (5) monitoring of the program.