gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The distribution of the effects of genes affecting quantitative traitsin livestock (2001)

Meta-analysis of information from quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping experiments was used to derive distributions of the effects of genes affecting quantitative traits. The two limitations of such information, that QTL effects as reported include experimental error, and that mapping experiments can only detect QTL above a certain size, were accounted for. Data from pig and dairy mapping experiments were used. Gamma distributions of QTL effects were fitted with maximum likelihood. The derived distributions were moderately leptokurtic, consistent with many genes of small effect and few of large effect. Seventeen percent and 35% of the leading QTL explained 90% of the genetic variance for the dairy and pig distributions respectively. The number of segregating genes affecting a quantitative trait in dairy populations was predicted assuming genes affecting a quantitative trait were neutral with respect to fitness. Between 50 and 100 genes were predicted, depending on the effective population size assumed. As data for the analysis included no QTL of small effect, the ability to estimate the number of QTL of small effect must inevitably be weak. It may be that there are more QTL of small effect than predicted by our gamma distributions. Nevertheless, the distributions have important implications for QTL mapping experiments and Marker Assisted Selection (MAS). Powerful mapping experiments, able to detect QTL of 0.1σp, will be required to detect enough QTL to explain 90% the genetic variance for a quantitative trait.
Phasor angle definition suitable for intermodulation measurements (2005)

We describe a method for preserving time-invariant phase determination of nonharmonically related signals. In particular, signals produced by intermodulation are considered. We provide simple examples to illustrate our technique, and show how this method is suitable for intermodulation measurements of nonlinear devices and circuits operating at microwave frequencies.
Dynamic phasor estimates for power system oscillations and transient detection (2006)

Phasors have been considered as an entirely steady state concept. This assumption has shaped most of the algorithms for phasor estimation. This paper breaks that old paradigm by relaxing the phasor concept to a dynamic one: the dynamic phasor, one complex time function with movement freedom. The paper presents the algorithms to approximate the dynamic phasor by a second-order Taylor polynomial and compares them to the traditional one. The algorithms provide n-th order phasors containing not only the samples of the complex envelope, but also its first and second derivatives. These new phasors add new Taylor details to the estimation process, and provide the way of estimating the oscillation and detecting transients. Errors of the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> are achieved with this approximation in narrowband signals over observation intervals of two-cycles
[Combination of the sieve effect and ion exchange chromatography during isolation of recombinant alpha2-interferon on the cellosorbent CS KU-23]. (1997)

Preliminary purification of alpha 2-interferon from the culture liquid on cation-exchange sorbents was studied. Application of a cellosorbent based on the cationite KU-23 resulted in a 20-25-fold purification of recombinant alpha 2-interferon in a one-step process as a result of combination of the sieve effect and ion-exchange chromatography.
Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase as a Probable Predictor of the Metastatic State in Breast and Colon Cancer Patients (1995)

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) score in peripheral blood was determined in 45 new cancer patients, 30 with breast cancer and 15 with colorectal cancer, with nonmetastatic disease. The LAP scores were performed immediately after diagnosis or surgery, and later at intervals of 1-3 months, until clinical detection of metastases. The preliminary data presented here show that there may be some utility in measuring LAP score in patients with solid tumors on a serial basis to detect evidence of metastatic disease prior to its clinical recognition. In 22 out of 30 breast cancer patients and 11 out of 15 colon cancer patients, there were 'alarming signals' of metastases (defined in this study) in the data taken before the checkup in which metastases were diagnosed by other methods. We conclude that LAP scores should be introduced into routine checkup of breast and colon cancer patients and could be a helpful nonspecific additional element in detecting earlier metastatic disease during the follow-up of a patient. As an extrapolation from this study we suggest that work should be undertaken to explore the possibility that a sudden rise of LAP score in an otherwise healthy person, who has no known reason for an elevated LAP score, might be the very first measurable sign of cancer.
Hierarchical diagnosis network based on sparse deep neural networks and its application in bearing fault diagnosis (2017)

As a breakthrough in artificial intelligence, deep learning allows for the automatic extraction of features without considerable prior knowledge and the determination of the complex non-linear relationship of the input parameters. Owing to these advantages, deep neural networks (DNNs) are superior to traditional artificial neural networks with shallow architectures, and are thus becoming widely used in the fault diagnosis field. To overcome the difficulties in bearing fault type classification and severity diagnosis, a two-layer hierarchical fault diagnosis network based on sparse DNNs is presented in this paper. In the proposed hierarchical fault diagnosis network, the first layer is responsible for fault type identification, and the second layer is responsible for fault severity diagnosis. An autoregressive (AR) model is established using empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to obtain the AR parameters as the input vectors of the proposed diagnosis network. The AR parameters are regarded as the low-level features which are helpful for the diagnosis network mine more useful high-level features. Experiments and comparison analyses are conducted to verify the performance of the proposed hierarchical fault diagnosis network. Results fully demonstrate the superiority of the proposed hierarchical fault diagnosis network in fault type classification or fault severity diagnosis.
Antimicrobial Polymers with Metal Nanoparticles (2015)

Metals, such as copper and silver, can be extremely toxic to bacteria at exceptionally low concentrations. Because of this biocidal activity, metals have been widely used as antimicrobial agents in a multitude of applications related with agriculture, healthcare, and the industry in general. Unlike other antimicrobial agents, metals are stable under conditions currently found in the industry allowing their use as additives. Today these metal based additives are found as: particles, ions absorbed/exchanged in different carriers, salts, hybrid structures, etc. One recent route to further extend the antimicrobial applications of these metals is by their incorporation as nanoparticles into polymer matrices. These polymer/metal nanocomposites can be prepared by several routes such as in situ synthesis of the nanoparticle within a hydrogel or direct addition of the metal nanofiller into a thermoplastic matrix. The objective of the present review is to show examples of polymer/metal composites designed to have antimicrobial activities, with a special focus on copper and silver metal nanoparticles and their mechanisms.
The impact of chemokine receptor conformational heterogeneity on HIV infection. (2001)

Receptor binding largely governs viral tropism, since the presence of CD4 and an appropriate coreceptor is a prerequisite for membrane fusion and virus infection. Env-receptor interactions are conformationally complex, involving multiple regions in both gp120 as well as in the receptors. As a result, differences in receptor conformation, posttranslational processing, and surface density all have the potential to influence viral infectivity and therefore tropism and pathogenesis. This review gives an overview of the research that led to the discovery of chemokine receptors as coreceptors for HIV-1, describes the repertoire of coreceptors described to date and addresses their in vivo relevance. We will discuss very recent studies that indicate that while the presence of CD4 and coreceptor are necessary for virus infection, their mere presence is not sufficient.
Calcium plus vitamin D did not prevent hip fracture or colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women (2006)

Source Citation Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, Gass M, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:669-83. 16481635 Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen JM, Anderson GL, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:684-96. 16481636
The technology study of a new kind of pulse width modulation mode for eliminating torque ripple (2011)

Permanent Magnet Brushless DC motor(BLDCM) has the advantages such high torque current ration, high ratating speed, good dynamic performance, reliable and easy to control, so it has extensive and important use in military and civilian. But BLDCM has the disadvantage of large torque tipple, it is necessary to eliminate torque ripple. The paper analyzes the mechanism generating torque ripples for current commutation, introducing five of the pulse width modulation (PWM) mode and infers that torque ripples being generated by the current commutation is the smallest in the PWM-ON modulation mode. The paper proposes a new PWM mode based on the basis. Being different from the traditional PWM modulation, the new PWM-ON-PWM modulation mode can significantly reduce the torque ripple. At the same time, the paper carries out modeling and simulation based on Matlab/Simulink, and the simulation results verify that the theoretical analysis is correct, and has a very high value for study.
Local DNA demethylation in vertebrates: how could it be performed and targeted? (2001)

In vertebrates, cytosine methylation is an epigenetic DNA modification that participates in genome stability and gene repression. Methylation patterns are either maintained throughout cell division, or modified by global or local de novo methylation and demethylation. Site-specific demethylation is a rather elusive process that occurs mainly in parallel to gene activation during development. In light of our studies of the glucocorticoid-dependent DNA demethylation of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene, we discuss the potential biochemical mechanisms allowing DNA demethylation and its targeting to specific sequences by transcription factors as well as possible links to DNA replication and chromatin remodelling.
Numerical grid generation in computational field simulations. Volume 1 (1996)

To enhance the CFS technology to its next level of applicability (i.e., to create acceptance of CFS in an integrated product and process development involving multidisciplinary optimization) the basic requirements are: rapid turn-around time, reliable and accurate simulation, affordability and appropriate linkage to other engineering disciplines. In response to this demand, there has been a considerable growth in the grid generation related research activities involving automization, parallel processing, linkage with the CAD-CAM systems, CFS with dynamic motion and moving boundaries, strategies and algorithms associated with multi-block structured, unstructured, hybrid, hexahedral, and Cartesian grids, along with its applicability to various disciplines including biomedical, semiconductor, geophysical, ocean modeling, and multidisciplinary optimization.
Combustion in fluidized beds (1990)

Circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) combustion systems have become popular since the late 1970s, and, given the current level of activity in the area,it is clear that this technology has a stable future in the boiler market. For standard coal combustion applications, competition is fierce with mature pulverized-fuel-based (PF) technology set to maintain a strong profile. CFB systems, however, can be more cost effective than PF systems when emission control is considered, and, as CFB technology matures, it is expected that an ever-increasing proportion of boiler installations will utilize the CFB concept. CFB systems have advantages in the combustion of low-grade fuels such as coal waste and biomass. In competition with conventional bubbling beds, the CFB boiler often demonstrates superior carbon burn-out efficiency. The key to this combustion technique is the hydrodynamic behavior of the fluidized bed. This article begins with a description of the fundamental fluid dynamic behavior of the CFB system. This is followed by an examination of the combustion process in such an environment and a discussion of the current status of the major CFB technologies.
Visualizing Program Designs Through PegaSys (1985)

This article is an introduction to many of the interesting features of PegaSys, an experimental system that encourages and facilitates extensive use of graphical images as formal, machine- processable documentation. Unlike most other systems that use graphics to describe programs, the main purpose of PegaSys is to facilitate the explanation of program designs. What is particularly interesting about PegaSys is its ability to: (1) check whether pictures are syntactically meaningful, (2) enforce design rules throughout the hierarchical decomposition of a design, and (3) determine whether a program meets its pictorial documentation. Much of the power of PegaSys stems from its ability to represent and reason about different kinds of pictures within a single logical framework. Excerpts from a working session with PegaSys are used to illustrate the basic style of interaction as well as the three PegaSys capabilities.
BILAN DE LA POLITIQUE D'INNOVATION DANS LE DOMAINE DES OUVRAGES D'ART (1985)

L'AUTEUR PRESENTE LA RELANCE DE L'INNOVATION DANS LE DOMAINE DES OUVRAGES D'ART DEPUIS LA FIN DES ANNEES 70, LE ROLE DE L'ADMINISTRATION ET CELUI DES ENTREPRISES. IL RAPPELLE LES PRINCIPAUX AXES DE RECHERCHE POUR LES ANNEES A VENIR: L'ALLEGEMENT DES SECTIONS TRANSVERSALES; LE DEVELOPPEMENT DES PONTS A HAUBANS; LE DEVELOPPEMENT DE LA PRECONTRAINTE EXTERIEURE. A L'AIDE DE REFERENCES PRECISES ET D'EXEMPLES CONCRETS, IL ILLUSTRE CHACUN DE CES AXES EN DECRIVANT BRIEVEMENT LES CARACTERISTIQUES ESSENTIELLES DES OUVRAGES LES PLUS REMARQUABLES. EN CONCLUSION, IL INSISTE SUR L'EFFORT SANS PRECEDENT FAIT PAR L'ADMINISTRATION ET LES ENTREPRISES POUR DEVELOPPER LA COMPETITIVITE ET LA COMPETENCE TECHNIQUE DES CONSTRUCTEURS FRANCAIS (A).
Comparison of the Platelet Aggregation Induced by Three Thrombin-Like Enzymes of Snake Venoms and Thrombin (1988)

Platelet aggregation induced by three thrombin-like enzymes of snake venoms was compared with that by thrombin. Acutin was isolated from Agkistrodon acutus venom and thrombocytin and batroxobin were from Bothrops atrox venom. The fibrinogen-clotting activities were 700, 170 and 7 U/mg for batroxobin, acutin and thrombocytin, respectively. They induced aggregation and ATP release of washed rabbit platelets. The aggregating activity of thrombin was 10(2), 10(4) and 10(5) times more potent than those of thrombocytin, acutin and batroxobin, respectively. Platelet-activating potency of the thrombin-like enzymes was correlated with their effectiveness on the retractility and elasticity of the clots. Platelet aggregation induced by thrombin or thrombocytin could be inhibited by heparin with antithrombin III while that by acutin or batroxobin could not. Indomethacin showed weak inhibition on the aggregation while the ADP-scavenging system, creatine phosphate/creatine phosphokinase, inhibited the aggregation induced by the three thrombin-like enzymes but not that by thrombin. Platelet aggregation induced by the thrombin-like enzymes could not be inhibited by PAF antagonists-BN 52021, kadsurenone or L-652,731. In the presence of EGTA, only thrombin could induce ATP release from platelets. Thrombin-like enzymes and low concentration of thrombin did not form thromboxane B2. Nitroprusside and prostaglandin E1 completely inhibited the aggregation, mepacrine and imipramine showed marked inhibition while verapamil had only weak inhibition. It is concluded that the aggregation induced by the thrombin-like enzymes is different from that of thrombin and mainly due to ADP released from platelets.
Cold Stratification and Pericarp Removal Improve Seed Germination of Ptelea trifoliata and Ptelea crenulata (2020)

Two species of North American shrubs in the genus Ptelea (Rutaceae), commonly known as eastern and western hoptree or wafer ash, have unfulfilled potential to increase the diversity of managed landscapes and support populations of pollinators and swallowtail butterflies. The white flowers of Ptelea are highly fragrant, and pistillate flowers give rise to clusters of distinctive samaras. The insufficiency of information about improving germination of seeds of Ptelea trifoliata and lack of recommendations for Ptelea crenulata prompted us to investigate effects of pericarp removal and cold (4 °C) stratification periods of 0, 4, 8, and 16 weeks on the germination of seeds of these two species. Samaras were collected from multiple plants of both species in the midwestern United States ( P. trifoliata ) and California ( P. crenulata ). The germination percentage of viable seeds, calculated after tests of viability with tetrazolium chloride of seeds that did not germinate, increased with longer stratification periods, with 100% germination for P. crenulata and 91% germination for P. trifoliata after 16 weeks of stratification. The germination value, a measure of the speed and uniformity of germination, and peak value also increased with longer stratification in both species. Pericarp removal increased the germination percentage of both species and increased the peak and germination value of P. crenulata. Propagators seeking to grow these species of Ptelea from seed should remove the pericarp and cold-stratify seeds for 16 weeks to improve germination success.
Particulate structure of FePt thin films enhanced by Au and Ag alloying (2006)

The additions of Au and Ag to FePt thin film change the film structure from an interconnected network to a completely isolated island structure. In particular, the Ag addition led to an isolated particulate structure smaller than 100nm, which increased the coercivity from 5.4to20.5kOe. Energy filtered elemental mapping did not show evidence for the precipitation or segregation of Au and Ag.
Overview of Fluorophores (1994)

Since its inception in the 1940s, the technique of immunofluorescence has provided a sensitive, high-resolution method for analyzing the binding of antibody to antigen. Fluorescent molecules, termed fluorophores or fluorochromes, can be conjugated directly to antibodies by covalent linkage, or coupled indirectly to antibodies via conjugation to proteins A and G or through an avidin-biotin bridge (see Chapter 6, Chapter 7, Chapter 21, and Chapter 22). The basic features of immunofluorescence are straightforward, but a working knowledge of the commonly used fluorophores is of value in obtaining maximum performance from immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry.
A semantic data model for methodology engineering (2003)

An approach to a structured and disciplined specification of methods in information systems development (ISD) is presented. The methods are particularly relevant to software engineering and project management. Emphasis is placed on the underlying model to specify such ISD knowledge. This proposed methodology representation model and the corresponding MERET tool are intended to build a computer-aided methodology engineering tool that supports methods specification and further development. ISD modeling is discussed and compared to other approaches in the literature, and four concepts for methodology engineering are outlined. The authors then focus on the first two concepts, a semantic data model to structure and to model methodology knowledge in ISD, as well as specification diagrams.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impedance-Based Simulation Models of Supercapacitors and Li-Ion Batteries for Power Electronic Applications (2005)

To predict performance of modern power electronic systems, simulation-based design methods are used. This work employs the method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to find new equivalent-circuit models for supercapacitors and Lithium-ion batteries.
Modeling variability in hyperspectral imagery using a stochastic compositional approach (2002)

Hyperspectral data are typically analyzed using either a pure-pixel statistical classification approach based on a multivariate mixture distribution or a mixed-pixel linear or nonlinear deterministic model. We define a stochastic compositional model that synthesizes these two approaches: an observation is modeled as a constrained linear combination of random vectors. Parameters of the model are estimated using an iterative expectation-maximization maximum likelihood algorithm. The model may be used to estimate fractional abundances of the classes and to estimate the most likely contributor to each observation from each class. Anomaly and likelihood ratio detection algorithms are derived from the model. The linear mixture model and the stochastic compositional model are applied to simulated data and the abundance estimation error and anomaly detection performance are compared.
CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THE NITROGEN MUSTARD GASES.<sup>1</sup> VI. THE REACTIONS OF THE NITROGEN MUSTARD GASES WITH CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF BIOLOGICAL INTEREST (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF THE NITROGEN MUSTARD GASES.1 VI. THE REACTIONS OF THE NITROGEN MUSTARD GASES WITH CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OF BIOLOGICAL INTERESTJOSEPH S. FRUTON, WILLIAM H. STEIN, MARK A. STAHMANN, and CALVIN GOLUMBICCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 5, 571–580Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01175a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01175a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Towards an understanding of electrically active carbon interstitial defects in Si/sub 1-y/C/sub y/ buried channel n-MOSFETs (2004)

A comprehensive interface defect identification in Si/sub 1-y/C/sub y/ buried channel n-MOSFETs is presented. Interface state density (D/sub it/) and trapped oxide charges (Q/sub ox/) are characterized by capacitive and charge pumping measurements. We show the predominant role of the interstitial carbon related defects C/sub s/-C/sub i//sup +/ and C/sub i//sup -/ on the interface degradation. Moreover, the boron impact on these carbon interface defects is investigated. Carbon incorporation into the oxide during surface oxidation is also discussed.