gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asparagus irrigation studies: Evidence indicates asparagus on sedimentary soil can utilize about 20″ of irrigation in addition to a normal 16″ rainfall (1958)

Frequency of irrigation in relation to yield of asparagus on sedimentary soil was the subject of an eight-year experiment at Davis.
It’s time to make changes: modulation of root system architecture by nutrient signals (2013)

Root growth and development are of outstanding importance for the plant's ability to acquire water and nutrients from different soil horizons. To cope with fluctuating nutrient availabilities, plants integrate systemic signals pertaining to their nutritional status into developmental pathways that regulate the spatial arrangement of roots. Changes in the plant nutritional status and external nutrient supply modulate root system architecture (RSA) over time and determine the degree of root plasticity which is based on variations in the number, extension, placement, and growth direction of individual components of the root system. Roots also sense the local availability of some nutrients, thereby leading to nutrient-specific modifications in RSA, that result from the integration of systemic and local signals into the root developmental programme at specific steps. An in silico analysis of nutrient-responsive genes involved in root development showed that the majority of these specifically responded to the deficiency of individual nutrients while a minority responded to more than one nutrient deficiency. Such an analysis provides an interesting starting point for the identification of the molecular players underlying the sensing and transduction of the nutrient signals that mediate changes in the development and architecture of root systems.
A simulator for at-speed robust testing of path delay faults in combinational circuits (1996)

Conditions are derived for robust testing of a path delay fault via a sequence of vectors applied at-speed. A simulator has been developed that uses the above conditions, along with the knowledge of paths that are robustly tested by the previous vectors, to determine the fault coverage obtained by such testing. The results demonstrate that the existing fault simulators can overestimate robust path delay fault coverage by 5-15%.
Routine HLA‐B27 typing by flow cytometry: differentiation of the products of HLA‐B*2702, B*2705 and B*2708 (1998)

Patient HLA-B27 typing is widely performed as an aid to the diagnosis of several diseases, particularly ankylosing spondylitis. Typing by flow cytometry, using monoclonal antibodies, has been shown to be a potentially useful alternative to classical serology on account of its speed, simplicity and economy. However, we required a flow cytometry typing procedure that would accurately differentiate HLA-B27 (Bw4) from B2708 (Bw6) and not be confounded by other HLA-B7/B27 cross-reactive group antigens. Accordingly, we evaluated the simultaneous use of two monoclonal antibody preparations, ABC-m3-FITC (anti-B27 + weak B7)/BB7.1-PE (anti-B7) and FD705-FITC (anti-B27), by testing a highly selected panel of 62 reference lymphocytes containing examples of all HLA-B7/B27 cross-reactive group antigens, including: HLA-B42, B47, B48, B73, B703, B2702, B2705 and B2708. In addition, 268 whole blood samples from routine patient requests for B27-associated disease typing were tested in parallel with HLA-B typing using the standard complement-dependent microlymphocytoxicity test. The detailed specificity of the three monoclonal antibodies was established and the products of HLA-B*2702, B*2705 and B*2708 were found to be readily differentiated from each other and all other HLA-B7/B27 cross-reactive HLA-B antigens.
Fumonisins‐mycotoxins produced by <i>fusarium moniliforme</i> (1993)

Fumonisins are toxic metabolites of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme, which is a common contaminant of corn everywhere in the world. The fumonisins are carcinogenic in laboratory rats, and cause acute toxicity of domestic animals that mimics field cases of disease attributed to contamination of feed by F. moniliforme. These include both equine leukoencephalomalacia and porcine pulmonary edema. Fusarium moniliforme contamination of corn consumed by humans in certain areas of the world is associated with higher than average incidence of esophageal cancer, and fumonisins may be responsible. Analytical methods have been developed for fumonisins, but improvements are needed so that more accurate, less expensive, and more rapid assays of food and feedstuffs can be done. Fumonisins are structurally similar to sphingosine, and may exert their biological activity through their ability to block key enzymes (sphinganine- and sphingosine-N-acyltransferases) involved in sphingolipid biosynthesis. Much more research is needed to define the extent to which this mycotoxin adversely affects the food supply, and its involvement in animal and human diseases.
Data Access Control on Clouds (2014)

As the cloud computing is becoming increasingly popular, more enterprise and individuals tend to use cloud to store data. As a convenient way of data storage, however, the network security became the greatest concern to all kinds of users. In terms of the security problem, three different approaches are introduced to deal with this problem in this paper. And the performance, load and security of these data access control methods will be discussed in detailed.
Activation of Transcription Factors by Interferon-Alpha in a Cell-Free System (1992)

The signal transduction mechanisms of interferons (IFNs) remain unclear partly because no effect of IFN has been reproducible in a cell-free system. IFN-alpha rapidly induces the transcription of a set of early response genes, and a multicomponent transcriptional activator, interferon stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), is activated within minutes after binding of IFN-alpha to its receptor. A system was developed in which IFN-alpha activated ISGF3 in homogenates of HeLa cells. Subcellular fractionation revealed that incubation of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction with IFN-alpha was sufficient to activate the regulatory subcomponent of ISGF3.
Bone Marrow Endothelial Cell-Derived Factors Inhibit the Growth of Marrow CFU-F. (2000)

The present study investigated the effects of the serum-free conditioned media of the bone marrow endothelial cells on CFU-F for potential mechanisms upon which hematopoiesis may be regulated by them within the bone marrow microenvironment. After obtaining the serum-free conditioned media of human and murine purified bone marrow endothelial cells (hBMEC-CM and mBMEC-CM) in vitro, MW > 10 kD, 3 - 10 kD and < 3 kD components were sifted out from these media by means of serial ultrafiltration. Assays of CFU-F were performed to test the effects of BMEC-CM and their ultrafiltrated components. The results showed that every one of hBMEC-CM, mBMEC-CM and their MW < 3 kD components exerted a suppressive effect on the proliferation of corresponding CFU-F but MW > 10 kD and 3 - 10 kD components. The BMEC-CM and MW < 3 kD components decreased the number as well as the size of CFU-F. There were the markedly negative concentration-dependent relations between the concentrations of MW < 3 kD component and the numbers of CFU-F. These findings suggested that bone marrow endothelial cells in culture could secrete at least a humoral factor (molecular weight less than 3 kD) which has an inhibitory effect on the growth of CFU-F.
모듈러 공법의 유닛 운송시 차량 운행에 따른 유닛진동분석 (2018)

The average weight of modular units used in modular construction method of Korea reaches up to 15 to 25 ton due to the unique architectural feature of Korea, where floor heating is used. Due to such massive weight of module units, limits to module unit sizes, transportation methods and concerns for damages to module units are considered as shortcomings. Especially damages to module units during transportation is pointed out as an important issue of construction work that causes delays in construction period and economic loss. Therefore in this paper, we attempt to secure basic data for the development of a unit damage prevention impact reduction anti-vibration system through a unit vibration analysis (vehicle vibration measurement, FFT analysis, understanding vehicle vibration frequency characteristics) due to vehicle operation during unit transportation. The result of the analysis show that generally similar vibration levels are shown regardless of the direction of X, Y and Z axis and affected by the driving speed of the vehicle.
Security of memory allocators for C and C (2005)

Most memory allocators ignore security issues. Instead they focus on maximizing performance and limiting fragmentation and waste. While these are very important issues for a memory alloca- tor, in the days of worms that use code injection attacks to cause significant economical damage, security can not be ignored. This paper evaluates a representative set of commonly used memory al- locators for C and C++ with respect to their resilience against code injection attacks. We present a significant improvement for memory allocators in order to increase robustness against code injection at- tacks. We evaluate this new approach in terms of performance and memory usage and show that the associated overhead is negligible.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE TRANSPORT OF XENOBIOTIC CHEMICALS IN PLANTS: MOVEMENT INTO ROOTS AND PARTITIONING BETWEEN XYLEM AND PHLOEM (1989)

ISHS VI International Symposium on Growth Regulators in Fruit Production PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS GOVERNING THE TRANSPORT OF XENOBIOTIC CHEMICALS IN PLANTS: MOVEMENT INTO ROOTS AND PARTITIONING BETWEEN XYLEM AND PHLOEM
Carbonium-ion rearrangements in the addition of bromine to some olefins (1967)

The olefins Ph2ArC·CRCH2(R = H, Me; Ar = Ph, p-C6H4·OMe) have been treated with bromine in various solvents and their rates of reaction in carbon tetrachloride at 25° have been measured. The extent of rearrangement of the group Ar depends on the nature of this group and of R, and on the solvent. The mechanisms of the reactions are discussed.
Cell Interactions in Myxobacterial Growth and Development (1985)

During their complex life cycle, myxobacteria manifest a number of cell interactions. These include contact-mediated interactions as well as those mediated by soluble extracellular signals. Some of these interactions are well-defined; in addition, the tools for molecular and genetic analysis of these interactions in Myxococcus xanthus are now available.
Mechanisms for Redox Control of Gene Expression (1999)

This review discusses various mechanisms that regulatory proteins use to control gene expression in response to alterations in redox. The transcription factor SoxR contains stable [2Fe-2S] centers that promote transcription activation when oxidized. FNR contains [4Fe-4S] centers that disassemble under oxidizing conditions, which affects DNA-binding activity. FixL is a histidine sensor kinase that utilizes heme as a cofactor to bind oxygen, which affects its autophosphorylation activity. NifL is a flavoprotein that contains FAD as a redox responsive cofactor. Under oxidizing conditions, NifL binds and inactivates NifA, the transcriptional activator of the nitrogen fixation genes. OxyR is a transcription factor that responds to redox by breaking or forming disulfide bonds that affect its DNA-binding activity. The ability of the histidine sensor kinase ArcB to promote phosphorylation of the response regulator ArcA is affected by multiple factors such as anaerobic metabolites and the redox state of the membrane. The global regulator of anaerobic gene expression in alpha-purple proteobacteria, RegB, appears to directly monitor respiratory activity of cytochrome oxidase. The aerobic repressor of photopigment synthesis, CrtJ, seems to contain a redox responsive cysteine. Finally, oxygen-sensitive rhizobial NifA proteins presumably bind a metal cofactor that senses redox. The functional variability of these regulatory proteins demonstrates that prokaryotes apply many different mechanisms to sense and respond to alterations in redox.
Differing Effects: The Resource Curse in Seperatist Conflicts (2009)

Despite considerable research on the relationship between natural resources and civil wars, minimal investigation has been conducted regarding the effects on separatist conflicts. Previous literature in the field has recognized seemingly different effects, but none have focused on these differences. Using 10 cases, this study fills the gap in the research. The observable results support the idea that the potential effects are unique to separatist conflicts and not civil war in general. Such results demonstrate the variety of mechanisms through which a variable can generate observable changes.
Prioritizing Regression Tests for Desktop and Web-Applications based on the Execution Frequency of Modified Code (2016)

Regression testing can be very time expensive when running all available test cases. Test prioritization seeks to find faults early by reordering tests. Existing techniques decide in which order tests should be run based on coverage data, knowledge of code changes, historical data of prior test execution or a combination of them. Others postpone tests if similar ones are already selected for early execution. However, these approaches do not take into account that tests which appear similar still might explore different parts of the application's state space and thus can result in different test outcome. Approaches based on structural coverage or on historical data might ignore small tests focusing on behavior that rarely changes. In this paper, we present a novel prioritization technique that is based on the frequencies with which modified code parts are executed by the tests. Our technique assumes that multiple executions of a modified code part (under different contexts) have a higher chance to reveal faults than a single execution of this code. For this purpose, we use both the output of regression test selection as well as test traces obtained during test development. We propose multiple variants of our technique, including a feedback mechanism to optimize the prioritization order dynamically, and compare them in an evaluation of Java-based applications to existing approaches using the standard APFD metric. The results show that our technique is highly competitive.
Visualization of PLC programs using XML (2004)

Due to the growing complexity of PLC programs there is an increasing interest in the application of formal methods in this area. Formal methods allow rigid proving of system properties in verification and validation. One way to apply formal methods is to utilize a formal design approach in PLC programming. However, for existing software that has to be optimized, changed, or ported to new systems there is the need for an approach that can start from a given PLC program. Therefore, formalization of PLC programs is a topic of current research. This paper outlines a re-engineering approach based on the formalization of PLC programs. The transformation into a vendor independent format and the visualization of the structure of PLC programs are identified as an important intermediate step in this process. It is shown how XML and corresponding technologies can be used for the formalization and visualization of an existing PLC program.
Vitrification of human embryos based on the assessment of suitable conditions for 8-cell mouse embryos (1998)

Experiments were conducted to find a suitable cryoprotectant and suitable procedure for vitrification of 8-cell mouse embryos. The method was then applied clinically to the cryopreservation of human embryos in our assisted reproduction programme. Mouse embryos were vitrified with 30 or 40% 1,2-propanediol (PROH), dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol, glycerol, or acetamide, each diluted with a solution containing 30% Ficoll plus 0.5 M sucrose. Embryos were exposed to the solutions for 0.5 or 2 min at 20 or 25 degrees C, cooled in liquid nitrogen and warmed rapidly. Embryo survival was assessed by in-vitro development. In PROH-, DMSO- and acetamide-based solutions, higher survival rates (29-82%) were obtained with less permeating conditions, suggesting that these cryoprotectants are considerably toxic. In glycerol- and ethylene glycol-based solutions, however, higher survival rates (74 and 92% respectively) were obtained with more permeating conditions, suggesting that these cryoprotectants are less toxic. Human embryos on days 2-3 were vitrified in an ethylene glycol-based solution (EFS40). Survival, assessed by the morphology, was higher in 4-cell embryos on day 2 and 8-cell embryos on day 3 than in 2-3-cell embryos on day 2 or 2-7-cell embryos on day 3. From 18 transfers, one ended with the delivery of healthy twin babies.
Microglia in neurodegeneration: Molecular aspects (2001)

Inflammatory events in the CNS are associated with injuries as well as with well-known chronic degenerative diseases, such as Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's, or Alzheimer's disease. Compared to inflammation in peripheral tissues, inflammation in brain appears to follow distinct pathways and time-courses, which likely has to do with a relatively strong immunosuppression in that organ. For this reason, it is of great importance to get insights into the molecular mechanism governing immune reactions in brain tissue. This task is hard to achieve in vivo, but can be approached by studying the major cell type responsible for brain inflammation, the microglia, in culture. Since these cells are the only professional antigen-presenting cells resident in brain parenchyma, molecular mechanisms of antigen presentation are being discussed first. After covering the expression and regulation of anti- and proinflammatory cytokines, induction and regulation of two key enzymes and their products-COX-2 and iNOS-are summarized. Possibly, pivotal molecular targets for drug therapies of brain disorders will be discovered in intracellular signaling pathways leading to activation of transcription factors. Finally, the impact of growth factors, of neurotrophins in particular, is highlighted. It is concluded that the presently available data on the molecular level is far from being statisfying, but that only from better insights into molecular events will we obtain the information required for more specific therapies.
900 MHz CMOS RF-to-DC converter using a cross-coupled charge pump for energy harvesting (2011)

This paper presents a CMOS RF-to-DC converter with a cross-coupled charge pump for energy harvesting. The proposed RF-to-DC converter consists of a cross-coupled rectifier and a cross-coupled charge pump. The charge pump can operate with a non-overlapping clock with a switching frequency of 25 MHz using a pump capacitance of 4 pF. The RF-to-DC converter IC was designed and fabricated using a 0.13 μm CMOS process. An output voltage of 2.05 V was achieved at an RF input power of −6 dBm with an input frequency of 900 MHz and the load of 100 KΩ. For this condition, the charge pump exhibited a high efficiency of about 74 %
Managing Intrusion Detection as a Service in Cloud Networks (2012)

Cloud computing is frequently being utilized to eliminate the need to local information resources. In this paper, we address the problem of intrusion detection in cloud environments and the possibility of allowing intrusion detection to be provided to clients as a service. The paper describes the Cloud Intrusion Detection Service (CIDS), which is intended to function as an intrusion detection web service to be provided for cloud clients in a service-based manner. CIDS utilizes the "Snort" open source intrusion detection system. The operating logic and user access webpages were developed using J2EE. We implemented a proof-of-concept prototype to evaluate the performance. CIDS was proved to be very friendly to resource allocation. Additionally, CIDS gave better attack detection rates and attack detection times than other solutions. These improvements can be beneficial to both cloud providers and cloud subscribers alike.
Tenen els educadors socials un lloc a les biblioteques?: el cas de la Biblioteca Bon Pastor (2006)

La Biblioteca Bon Pastor inauguro sus servicios en noviembre de 2004. Pocos dias despues, la asistencia de jovenes en riesgo de exclusion social altero el normal funcionamiento del centro tanto por el uso incorrecto que hacian de las instalaciones y servicios como por la percepcion que los otros usuarios tenian de la Biblioteca. Este articulo describe la intervencion llevada a cabo por el equipo de la Biblioteca durante ocho meses con la participacion de un educador social integrado en el equipo como un profesional mas. La experiencia se plantea como un elemento a tener en cuenta en el debate tecnico sobre los roles profesionales.
Experimental CDMA data overlay of GSM network (1999)

A broadband 64 Kbit/s DS-CDMA overlay which operates on the same carrier frequency as a downlink GSM signal is proposed. Error free operation of both systems has been demonstrated over a 70 dB power range. A novel CDMA receiver architecture allowed programmable digital notch filters to be implemented directly at RF. It is shown that the overall network capacity is increased by a factor of 3.3 compared to the case of a single GSM carrier only, as detailed in a previous theoretical analysis. This represents the first experimental demonstration of a CDMA overlay of a GSM network.
Adopting Code Reviews for Agile Software Development (2010)

Code reviews have many benefits, most importantly to find bugs early in the development phase and to enforce coding standards. Still, it is widely accepted that formal code reviews are time-consuming and the practical applicability in agile development is controversial. This work presents a continuous differential-based method and tool for code reviews. By using a continuous approach to code reviews, the review overhead can be reduced and the effectiveness and applicability in agile environments shall be improved.
Preparation of a Functionalized Tetracyclic Intermediate for the Synthesis of Rhodexin A (2008)

An efficient synthesis of the tetracyclic steroid core, 19, of rhodexin A and sarmentogenin is reported. An initial inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction of the acyldiene 6 with the silyl enol ether 7a gave the cycloadduct 8 with the required four contiguous stereocenters in a single step. This compound was then transformed into the methylated enedione 13 which afforded after a reductive alkylation and annulation sequence the tetracycle 19.
ROSETTE VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY RELATED TO FREEZING TEMPERATURES (1988)

When potted plants of lowbush blueberries were subjected to temperatures of −2 °C for periods of 0.5–4.0 h, a rosette of leaves arising from vegetative buds was induced similar to that observed in natural stands of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. Vegetative buds at various stages of development from green tip (2 mm) to the point of leaf expansion were equally susceptible to the low temperature injury. Variation in susceptibility among seven clones tested (Brunswick, 71–14, ME-3, NB3, 895, 752, and 694) was not observed.Key words: Lowbush blueberry, low-temperature injury