gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 5496: Antiplatelet Effects and Bleeding Risk of DZ-697b, a Novel, Oral Antiplatelet Agent, versus Clopidogrel: Results of a Phase-I Study (2009)

INTRODUCTION : DZ-697b is a new orally active antiplatelet agent that inhibits collagen and ristocetin-mediated platelet aggregation. It does not require metabolization for the generation of its active compound and has a safer profile than clopidogrel in pre-clinical studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the platelet inhibitory effects and the bleeding risk of 3 doses of DZ-697b compared to 300mg clopidogrel. METHODS : In a 4-treatment, 3-period, crossover design, 20 healthy subjects (31±7 years, 85% male) were randomized to a single oral dose of DZ-697b 60mg, 120mg and 360mg, and clopidogrel 300mg (n=15 in each treatment). Antiplatelet effects were assessed by measuring changes from pre-dose to 6 hours post-dose in platelet-thrombus size at high- and low-flow rates in the Badimon chamber, and platelet adhesion at high- and low-shear rates using Diamed Impact-R platelet function assay. Bleeding risk was assessed using surgicutt bleeding time procedure, measured at predose and 6 hours postdose. RESULTS : DZ-697b caused dose-dependent reductions in thrombus size and platelet adhesion (Table ). Antiplatelet effects of DZ-697b 120mg were closest to clopidogrel 300mg. Bleeding times with all DZ-697b doses were significantly shorter than clopidogrel. CONCLUSIONS : The oral agent DZ-697b shows potent, dose-dependent, antiplatelet properties. Bleeding time prolongations with even the highest tested dose of DZ-697b is significantly shorter than 300mg clopidogrel. Further studies are warranted.
Terahertz generation mechanism in nano-grating electrode photomixers on Fe-doped InGaAsP (2017)

We report the generation mechanism associated with nano-grating electrode photomixers fabricated on Fe-doped InGaAsP substrates. Two different emitter designs incorporating nano-gratings coupled to the same broadband antenna were characterized in a continuous-wave terahertz (THz) frequency system employing telecommunications wavelength lasers for generation and coherent detection. The current-voltage characteristics and THz emission bandwidth of the emitters is compared for different bias polarities and optical polarisations. The THz output from the emitters is also mapped as a function of the position of the laser excitation spot for both continuous-wave and pulsed excitation. This mapping, together with full-wave simulations of the structures, confirms the generation mechanism to be due to an enhanced optical electric field at the grating tips resulting in increased optical absorption, coinciding with a concentration of the electrostatic field.
Naval Architecture: From Theory to practice (2019)

The complexity of projecting and designing a ship requires a work sequence that covers at least three main areas: (1) Concept engineering; (2) Basic engineering; (3) Detail engineering. This paper explains the design transition that exists (or should exist) between concept engineering and the final product, emphasizing the existing contractual relationship with the shipbuilder, especially in the initial definition of the project and the influence on construction aspects.
[A retrospective analysis of trastuzumab-based therapy in metastatic breast cancer patients at Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute. Identification of predictive factors]. (2008)

We confirmed that the only one predictive marker for response to trastuzumab therapy is a proof of HER-2 tumor positivity.The highest prevalence of S-HER-2 ECD positivity among serum tumor markers and the strong association between initial and subsequent S-HER-2 ECD serum concentrations and time to progression and overall survival make the S-HER-2 ECD the most significant prognostic marker.
The measurement of lung volume by a self-adaptive modelling technique. (1973)

This article describes a method for estimation of lung volume that is based on the use of adaptive modelling principles, involving continuous parameter adjustment through the use of sensitivity functions. The technique is implemented using an analog computer. Measurements of lung volume obtained using this approach have been compared with results found by more conventional methods in a group of normal subjects.
Efficacy and safety of nilotinib 800 mg daily in early chronic phase Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia: Results of a phase II trial at 2 years. (2010)

6515 Background: Imatinib (IM) 400 mg daily is the standard treatment for Ph+ CML in early chronic phase (ECP). One-fourth of all the IM treated pts fail to obtain a stable complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) due to upfront resistance, refractoriness or intolerance. Nilotinib is highly effective in IM resistant and intolerant patients. To investigate the safety and efficacy of nilotinib 400 mg BID in ECP, Ph- pos CML patients, the GIMEMA CML Working Party is conducting a multicentric phase II trial (ClinicalTrials.gov.NCT00481052). Methods: The primary endpoint is the CCgR rate at 1 year; the molecular response is studied serially by Q-PCR (major molecular response, MMR, ≤ 0.1% according to the International Scale). By March, 2010 all the patients will complete 24 months on treatment. Results: 73 patients have been enrolled, median age 51 years (range 18-83), 45% low, 41% intermediate and 14% high Sokal risk. Median follow-up is currently 724 days (range 447-833). The cumulative CCgR rate within 12 months is 100%. At 3, 6 and 12 months (ITT), the CCgR rate is 78% at 3 months and 96% at 6,12 and 18 months. The rates of MMR, at 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months are 3%, 21%, 52%, 66%, 85% and 87%, respectively. One patient only progressed at 6 months to advanced phase (ABP) with T315I mutation. The nilotinib dose intensity was high: during the first quarter, the second quarter and the second half, 82%, 75% and 71% of patients, respectively, received ≥ 600 mg daily. Adverse events (AEs) were mostly grade 1 and 2 and manageable with appropriate dose adaptations: the most frequent biochemical AEs were bilirubin increase (53% all grades, 16% grade 3), s-GPT increase (42% all grades, 8% grade 3) and lipase and amylase increase (29% and 18%, all grades, 8% and 4% grade 3+4, respectively); 2 pts went off treatment after 9 and 15 months due to recurrent episodes of amylase and/or lipase increase (no pancreatitis). Conclusions: After 2 years, responses to nilotinib, either CCgR and MMR, are stable. No progressions to ABP have been observed during the second year. These results strongly support the use of nilotinib as first-line treatment in ECP CML. Acknowledgements: European LeukemiaNet, COFIN, Bologna University, BolognAIL. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Wyeth Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Wyeth Bristol-Myers Squibb, Novartis, Wyeth
Interactions of <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> sporozoites and murine Kupffer cells in vitro. (1989)

Malaria sporozoites must leave the bloodstream and cross a layer of sinusoidal lining cells in order to infect hepatocytes and undergo exoerythrocytic schizogony. To determine whether Kupffer cells (KC) derived from this layer interact with sporozoites, murine KC were isolated from perfused livers of BALB/cJ mice and incubated in vitro with Plasmodium berghei sporozoites. Isolated KC had characteristic macrophage surface Ag and were phagocytic, ingesting both latex particles and Leishmania major amastigotes. In the absence of immune serum, sporozoites associated with fewer than 10% of these KC. By 30 min, 10% of the cell-associated sporozoites were completely ingested, 30% were in the process of being ingested, and 60% were attached to the surface of the cells. Opsonization of sporozoites with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies directed against P. berghei circumsporozoite protein markedly enhanced sporozoite association with KC. Up to 40% of cells exposed to opsonized sporozoites had parasites inside or attached to their surfaces. Sporozoites attached to or ingested by KC were uniformly destroyed within 240 min in all cultures; there was no evidence of conversion of sporozoites to the exoerythrocytic stage within KC by light microscopy, and there was no evidence of residual sporozoites, either inside or outside of cells, by either light or electron microscopy. These data suggest that under nonimmune conditions, KC play a minor role in resistance to infection by malaria sporozoites. However, when sporozoites are opsonized by circumsporozoite antibodies, phagocytosis by KC may be an important immune mechanism that prevents parasitization of hepatocytes.
Age‐dependent myelin degeneration and proteolysis of oligodendrocyte proteins is associated with the activation of calpain‐1 in the rhesus monkey (2002)

Myelin provides important insulating properties to axons allowing for propagation of action potentials over large distances at high velocity. Disruption of the myelin sheath could therefore contribute to cognitive impairment, such as that observed during the normal aging process. In the present study, age-related changes in myelin, myelin proteins and oligodendrocyte proteins were assessed in relationship to calpain-1 expression and cognition in the rhesus monkey. Isolation of myelin fractions from brain white matter revealed that as the content of the intact myelin fraction decreased with age, there was a corresponding increase in the floating or degraded myelin fraction, suggesting an increased breakdown of intact myelin with age. Of the myelin proteins examined, only the myelin-associated glycoprotein decreased with age. Levels of the oligodendrocyte-specific proteins 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and myelin/oligodendrocyte-specific protein (MOSP) increased dramatically in white matter homogenates and myelin with age. Age-related increases in degraded CNPase also were demonstrable in white matter in association with increases in activated calpain-1. Degraded CNPase was also detectable in myelin fractions, with only the floating fraction containing activated calpain-1. The increases in the activated enzyme in white matter were much greater than those found in myelin fractions suggesting a source other than the myelin membrane for the marked overexpression of activated calpain-1 with age. In addition, CNPase was demonstrated to be a substrate for calpain in vitro. In summary, changes in myelin and oligodendrocyte proteins occur with age, and they appear to have a significant relationship to cognitive impairment. The overexpression of CNPase and MOSP suggests new formation of myelin by oligodendrocytes, which may occur in response to myelin degradation and injury caused by proteolytic enzymes such as calpain.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORCYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENE 4. MITT. (1970)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Hexafluorverbindung (I) mit Methyl‐ bzw. Dimethylamin in siedendem Äther erhält man die Diaminoverbindung (II) (27% Ausbeute) bzw. (III) (70%); in Benzol im Autoklaven bei 100‐120°C entsteht das trisubstituierte Produkt (IV) (30%).
HIFiRE-6 Unstart Conditions at Off-Design Mach Numbers (2015)

HIFiRE 6 is a test flight to validate the use of adaptive flight control on a hypersonic vehicle. The Air Force Academy Department of Aeronautics conducted wind tunnel testing of the 10.5-inch HIFiRE 6 model at the off-design Mach numbers 3.0 (Re=9,765,000), 3.5 (Re=9,975,000), and 4.3 (Re=9,765,000) to support the development of the flight control algorithm for the test flight. By examining schlieren images, and pressure data from both the wind tunnel and inside the scramjet engine inlet and isolator, engine unstart of the three dimensional inlet was characterized for ranges of both sideslip angles and angles of attack: -5.4° to 5.7° and -5.4° to 14.8°, respectively. The pressure data that indicates the start and unstart conditions were captured by five pressure ports along the inlet and four more pressure ports along the isolator of the vehicle. The combined schlieren and pressure data indicated that the HIFiRE 6 scramjet would only start at the highest Mach number tested. At Mach 4.3 the scramjet design was found to start at -5.4° angle of attack and remain started until positive 6.0° degrees with no sideslip. However, once the vehicle became unstarted it remained unstarted until it was lowered again to -5.4° angle of attack. HIFiRE 6 was able to start at 0° angle of attack when a sideslip of -5.4° was applied and stayed started until positive 5.7°. Using the unstart results a performance map was created for Mach 4.3 test to indicate the flight orientations where unstart could be expected. The Kantrowitz limit was applied to the results to show the low Mach number limit is driven by the choking of the inlet and can be predicted for the three dimensional scramjet inlets.
Maternal Age and Gestational Age-Specific Risk for Chromosomal Defects (1995)

This study provides estimates of risks for a wide range of chromosomal defects taking into account maternal age as well as the gestation at assessment. The estimates make it possible to counsel patients presenting at different stages of pregnancy. At the same time, they offer the possibility of evaluating the efficacy of biochemical and ultrasonographic markers in identifying fetuses with chromosomal defects.
Introducing the use of a simple nerve stimulator and locator for intraoperative use. (1990)

We found that this simple nerve stimulator which gave a direct current of 4.8 volts, 0.1 to 1.5 mA and 2.0 mA pulse of 60 cycles/min using 9 volts dry cells was useful for peripheral nerve surgery. It is cheap and easy to maintain. Surgeons who are interested in this simple nerve stimulator can adopt this idea themselves or can contact the authors.
Noninvasive evaluation of malignancy of brain tumors with proton MR spectroscopy. (1996)

Higher grades of brain tumors in this study were associated with higher Cho/reference and lower NAA/reference values. These results suggest that clinical proton MR spectroscopy may help predict tumor malignancy.
Energy expenditure and bone formation share a common sensitivity to AP-1 transcription in the hypothalamus (2012)

The regulation of bone and fat homeostasis and its relationship to energy expenditure has recently been the focus of increased attention because of its potential relevance to osteoporosis, obesity, and diabetes. Although central effectors within the hypothalamus have been shown to contribute to the regulation of both energy balance and bone homeostasis, little is known of the underlying mechanisms, including the possible involvement of transcriptional factors within the hypothalamus. Transgenic mice overexpressing ΔFosB, a splice variant of the AP-1 transcription factor FosB with mixed agonist-antagonistic properties, have increased energy expenditure and bone mass. Because these mice express ΔFosB in bone, fat, and hypothalamus, we sought to determine 1) whether overexpression of ΔFosB within the hypothalamus was sufficient to regulate energy expenditure and whether it would also regulate bone mass, and 2) whether these effects were the result of antagonism to AP-1. Our results show that stereotactic injection of an adeno-associated virus vector to restrict overexpression of ΔFosB to the ventral hypothalamus of wild-type mice induced a profound increase in both energy expenditure and bone formation and bone mass. This effect was phenocopied, at an even stronger level, by overexpression of a dominant-negative DNJunD, a pure AP-1 antagonist. Taken together, these results suggest that downregulation of AP-1 activity in the hypothalamus profoundly increases energy expenditure and bone formation, leading to both a decrease in adipose mass and an increase in bone mass. These findings may have physiological implications because ΔFosB is expressed and regulated in the hypothalamus.
Multiattribute utility analysis as a framework for public participation siting a hazardous waste facility (1996)

How can the public play a role in decisions involving complicated scientific arguments? This paper describes a public participation exercise in which stakeholders used multiattribute utility analysis to select a site for a hazardous waste facility. Key to success was the ability to separate and address the two types of judgements inherent in environmental decisions: technical judgements on the likely consequences of alternative choices and value judgements on the importance or seriousness of those consequences. This enabled technical specialists to communicate the essential technical considerations and allowed stakeholders to establish the value judgements for the decision. Although rarely used in public participation, the multiattribute utility approach appears to provide a useful framework for the collaborative resolution of many complex environmental decision problems.
Reconstructing computational principles in a vertebrate adaptive reflex system (1990)

This research is based on the premise that computational principles evolved by biological systems are applicable to engineering devices, that an interaction of ongoing neurobiological experiments with computer simulation will be productive in extracting computational principles, and that tools for the analysis of neurobiological systems and for their modeling and simulation have evolved to the point where success is probable. The approach is based on neuroanatomical experiments to establish the connectional circuit. However, it is found that knowledge of network architecture (connectivity) is not enough. The biophysics of neurons leads to important diversity of intrinsic properties among constituents of a network. Consequently, neurons have dynamical response properties that can sensitively affect, or even completely alter, the functioning of a distributed network. Experimentally determined facts of both connection and biophysics must inform computational models in order to capture network dynamics/performance. Simulation results in turn generate hypotheses which drive further testing in biological experiments
Glass powders and reactive silicone binder: Interactions and application to additive manufacturing of bioactive glass-ceramic scaffolds (2019)

A novel concept for the additive manufacturing of three-dimensional glass-ceramic scaffolds, to be used for tissue engineering applications, was based on fine glass powders mixed with a reactive binder, in the form of a commercial silicone. The powders consisted of ‘silica-defective glass’ specifically designed to react, upon firing in air, with the amorphous silica yielded by the binder. By silica incorporation, the glass was intended to reach the composition of an already known CaONa2OB2O3SiO2 system. Silica from the binder provided up to 15 wt% of the total silica. With the same overall formulation, silicone-glass powder mixtures led to nearly the same phase assemblage formed by the reference system, crystallizing into wollastonite (CaSiO3) and Ca-borate (CaB2O4). Samples from silicone-glass powder mixtures exhibited an excellent shape retention after firing, which was later exploited in highly porous reticulated scaffolds, obtained by means of direct ink writing (DIW).
Special issue on Surveillance Systems for Air Navigation Services (2012)

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High power static induction transistor (1978)

SIT is usually constructed as vertical and multi-channel structure, resulting in a realization of large area device, i.e., high current operation, where temperature dependence of SIT enhances its large area characteristics without accompanying thermal runaway, because the temperature coefficient of drain current is negative in high current region. An introduction of high resistivity region between gate and drain increases its breakdown voltage and decreases gate to drain capacitance, resulting in an improvement of handling power and frequency characteristic. High power SIT having a cell size of 12.8 × 12.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> has been fabricated to obtain killowatts operation in radio frequencies, which is characterized by burried gate and extremely long stripe channel structure. Gate to drain breakdown voltage is higher than at least 800 V and maximum drain current is up to 60 A. Ultrasonic wave generator using two high power SITs in push-pull configuration exhibits 3 KW output operation at an efficiency higher than 85 % at a frequency of 28 KHz, where the driving power of SIT is Iess than 5W. 100 KHz switching regulator has been realized and exhibits 300 W output at an efficiency of 70 %. This efficiency is limited by properties of ferrite core. SIT has been confirmed experimentally very promising to high power transisters in high frequencies.
Horizontal Transmission of a Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen Mutant (2000)

The envelope protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is referred to as the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) ([8][1]). The antigenic “a” determinant is located from residue 124 to 147 of HBsAg and is involved in eliciting antibody production. Neutralizing antibodies (anti-HBs) target the “a”
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i>Pneumonia and Mucosal Candidiasis in Previously Healthy Homosexual Men (1981)

Four previously healthy homosexual men contracted Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, extensive mucosal candidiasis, and multiple viral infections. In three of the patients these infections followed prolonged fevers of unknown origin. In all four cytomegalovirus was recovered from secretions. Kaposi's sarcoma developed in one patient eight months after he presented with esophageal candidiasis. All patients were anergic and lymphopenic; they had no lymphocyte proliferative responses to soluble antigens, and their responses to phytohemagglutinin were markedly reduced. Monoclonal-antibody analysis of peripheral-blood T-cell subpopulations revealed virtual elimination of the Leu-3+ helper/inducer subset, an increased percentage of the Leu-2+ suppressor/cytotoxic subset, and an increased percentage of cells bearing the thymocyte-associated antigen T10. The inversion of the T helper to suppressor/cytotoxic ratio suggested that cytomegalovirus infection was an important factor in the pathogenesis of the immunodeficient state. A high level of exposure of male homosexuals to cytomegalovirus-infected secretions may account for the occurrence of this immune deficiency. (N Engl J Med. 1981; 305:1425–31.)
Development of Resistance to 2,4-Diamino-5(3'4'-Dichlorphenyl)-6-Methyl-pyrimidine (SK5265) by Streptococcus faecalis. (1953)

Summary1. By growing S. faecalis (ATCC 8043) in a liquid medium containing successively higher concentrations of 2,4-diamino-5 (3'4'-dichlorphenyl)-6-methylpyrimidine (SK 5265), a thousand fold increase in resistance as evidenced by complete inhibition of growth and a more than two hundred thousand fold increase in resistance as demonstrated by the half maximum inhibition technic has been achieved. 2. No morphologic differences between the sensitive S. faecalis (8043) and the resistant variant could be detected. 3. The resistant organism has lost its requirement for supplementary PGA in Difco Folic Acid Assay Medium and certain other PGA deficient media.
UV-Assisted Alcohol Sensing With Zinc Oxide-Functionalized Gallium Nitride Nanowires (2012)

Alcohol sensors using gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs) functionalized with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been demonstrated. These sensors operate at room temperature, are fully recoverable, and demonstrate a response and recovery time on the order of 100 s. The sensing is assisted by UV light within the 215-400-nm band and with the intensity of 375 nW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> measured at 365 nm. The ability to functionalize an inactive NW surface, with analyte-specific active metal-oxide nanoparticles, makes this sensor technique suitable for fabricating multianalyte sensor arrays.