gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated craniofacial bone regeneration through dense collagen gel scaffolds seeded with dental pulp stem cells (2016)

Therapies using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) seeded scaffolds may be applicable to various fields of regenerative medicine, including craniomaxillofacial surgery. Plastic compression of collagen scaffolds seeded with MSC has been shown to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of MSC as it increases the collagen fibrillary density. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the osteogenic effects of dense collagen gel scaffolds seeded with mesenchymal dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) on bone regeneration in a rat critical-size calvarial defect model. Two symmetrical full-thickness defects were created (5 mm diameter) and filled with either a rat DPSC-containing dense collagen gel scaffold (n = 15), or an acellular scaffold (n = 15). Animals were imaged in vivo by microcomputer tomography (Micro-CT) once a week during 5 weeks, whereas some animals were sacrificed each week for histology and histomorphometry analysis. Bone mineral density and bone micro-architectural parameters were significantly increased when DPSC-seeded scaffolds were used. Histological and histomorphometrical data also revealed significant increases in fibrous connective and mineralized tissue volume when DPSC-seeded scaffolds were used, associated with expression of type I collagen, osteoblast-associated alkaline phosphatase and osteoclastic-related tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Results demonstrate the potential of DPSC-loaded-dense collagen gel scaffolds to benefit of bone healing process.
Suppression of Osteopontin Functions by Levocetirizine, a Histamine Receptor Antagonist, In Vitro (2013)

The suppressive activity of LCT on OPN functions on nasal epithelial cells may be responsible for the attenuating effect of the agent on allergic diseases.
<title>Image feature extraction for mass detection in digital mammography: effects of wavelet analysis</title> (1998)

Multiresolution and multiorientation wavelet transforms (WTs), as the key CAD modules, were used in our previous study of CAD mass detection. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the roles of these WTs modules in the proposed CAD approach. A statistical analysis of the effects of WTs on image feature extraction for mass detection is taken including the effects of WTs on mass segmentation and a comparative study of discrimination ability of features extracted with WTs based and non-WTs based segmentation method. Three indexes are proposed to asses the segmentation. The effects of WTs on feature extraction are evaluated using ROC analysis of the feature discrimination ability. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the use of WTs modules results in a significant improvement in feature extraction for the previously proposed CAD mass detection method. The improvement, however, depends on the feature characteristics, large for boundary-related features while small for intensity-related features.
Analysis of mutant HLA-A2 molecules. Differential effects on peptide binding and CTL recognition. (1994)

Previous studies have identified several residues lining the groove of the HLA-A2.1 molecule that are critical for Ag presentation. However, it is not clear whether these residues are critical for binding of the peptide epitope per se or for determining the appropriate conformation of bound peptide. To distinguish between these possibilities, mutations at eight of these residues have been tested for their effects on the ability of the molecule to bind and present two known peptide epitopes--one derived from the influenza A matrix protein, the other from HIV pol. With only one exception, the mutations were found to affect the binding of the two peptides similarly. Most of the mutations resulted in intermediate deleterious effects on binding, with the B pocket mutant F9Y having the most dramatic negative effect on binding for both peptides. Two of the mutations significantly enhanced binding of both peptides and a peptide-specific effect on binding was seen with the substitution, Y99H, which enhanced binding of the matrix peptide yet diminished binding of the pol peptide. In contrast to the effects on binding, the effects of the mutations on presentation differed considerably for the two peptides. The most striking difference was seen with two alpha 2 alpha helix mutants that are fully recognized by pol peptide-specific CTL but not recognized by matrix peptide-specific CTL even though levels of binding were comparably diminished for the two peptides. These results suggest that some interactions, although not critical for binding per se, are critical for functional binding and the importance of these interactions differs among peptide epitopes.
Directional Solidification of Eutectic Ceramics (1999)

Abstract Two major problems associated with structural ceramics are lack of damage tolerance and insufficient strength and creep resistance at the very high temperatures of interest for aerospace application. Driven by the need to produce high strength/high temperature structural ceramics, nanometer scale mixing of powders is currently being used. When the scale of chemical homogeneity is at the atomic level (i.e., monophasic precursors), new reaction paths to process high strength monolithic ceramics become possible.’ High strength monolithic ceramics can be produced cost effectively but the very small grain size limits high temperature creep resistance. Problems associated with monolithic polycrystalline ceramics, i.e., lack of toughness and insufficient creep resistance, can be overcome through development of man-made composites.
Unstable optical resonators with linear magnification (1984)

Bare cavity unstable axisymmetric resonators with magnifications that are linear functions of the radial coordinate are investigated. Some properties similar to those of ordinary resonators are found. The geometrical theory predicts modes and eigenvalues in reasonable agreement with physical optics results. Interleaving of radial mode eigenvalues with increasing equivalent Fresnel number is observed. One form of scaling in size is found. The number of parameters involved and the lack of equivalence relations limit the scope and generality of the investigation.
The oral microbiome of patients with axial spondyloarthritis compared to healthy individuals (2016)

Background. A loss of mucosal tolerance to the resident microbiome has been postulated in the aetiopathogenesis of spondyloarthritis, thus the purpose of these studies was to investigate microbial communities that colonise the oral cavity of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (AxSpA) and to compare these with microbial profiles of a matched healthy population. Methods. Thirty-nine participants, 17 patients with AxSpA and 22 age and gender-matched disease-free controls were recruited to the study. For patients with AxSpA, disease activity was assessed using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). All participants underwent a detailed dental examination to assess oral health, including the presence of periodontal disease assessed using probing pocket depth (PPD). Plaque samples were obtained and their bacterial populations were profiled using Ion Torrent sequencing of the V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results.Patients with AxSpA had active disease (BASDAI 4.1 ± 2.1 [mean ± SD]), and a significantly greater prevalence of periodontitis (PPD ≥ 4 mm at ≥4 sites) than controls. Bacterial communities did not differ between the two groups with multiple metrics of α and β diversity considered. Analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and higher levels of taxonomic assignment did not provide strong evidence of any single taxa associated with AxSpA in the subgingival plaque. Discussion. Although 16S rRNA gene sequencing did not identify specific bacterial profiles associated with AxSpA, there remains the potential for the microbiota to exert functional and metabolic influences in the oral cavity which could be involved in the pathogenesis of AxSpA.
A comparison of autoregressive spectral estimation algorithms and order determination methods in ultrasonic tissue characterization (1995)

Several autoregressive (AR) methods for spectral estimation were applied toward the task of estimating ultrasonic backscatter coefficients from small volumes of tissue. Data were acquired from a homogeneous tissue-mimicking phantom and from a normal human liver in vivo. AR methods performed better at short record lengths than the traditional DFT (discrete Fourier Transform) approach. The DFT method consistently underestimated backscatter coefficients at small gate lengths. Burg's algorithm, the Modified Covariance algorithm, and the Recursive Maximum Likelihood Estimation algorithm performed comparably. The Yule-Walker algorithm did not perform as well as these but offered a slight improvement over the DFT. Several order determination methods were tested. These included residual variance (RV), final prediction error (FPE), Akaike information criterion (AIC), and Minimum Description Length (MDL). The AIC and MDL produced misleading results at higher orders. The RV and FPE yielded better results. The autoregressive method offers promise for enhanced spatial resolution and accuracy in ultrasonic tissue characterization and nondestructive evaluation of materials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Communication Middleware for Ubiquitous Multimedia Adaptation Services (2010)

Ubiquitous services have gained increasing attention in the area of mobile communication aiming to allow service access anywhere, anytime and anyhow while keeping complexity to a minimum for both users and service providers. Ubiquitous environment features a wide range and an increasing number of access devices and network technologies. Context-aware content/service adaptation is deemed necessary to ensure best user experience. We developed an Adaptation Management Framework (AMF) Web Service which manages the complexity of dynamic and autonomous content adaptation and serves as an invisible enabler for ubiquitous service delivery. It remains challenging to manage the tasks involved in the communication between the AMF Web Service and the user's environment, typically represented by various types of intelligent agents. This work presents a middleware which manages those tasks and serves not only as a protocol gateway, but also as a message translator, a service broker, a complexity shield etc., between AMF Web Services and User Agents.
Electrospray analysis of proteins: A comparison of positive‐ion and negative‐ion mass spectra at high and low pH (1992)

Abstract Cationic and anionic electrospray mass spectra were measured for equine myoglobin, lactalbumin and hen egg white lysozyme from acidic and basic solutions. Both positive and negative ions were detected from all solutions in which the proteins were soluble. This was observed in both nebulization‐assisted and thermally assisted electrospray. As in other studies, the distribution of the charge states reflected functional groups in the proteins, and also folding or extension of the protein.
Correcting for Gaussian Aerial Smoothing (1955)

Let a. two-dimensional survey with a Gaussian aerial beam establish values at intervals of standard deviations. Then the correction for aerial smoothing is simply calculated as the difference between the value to be corrected and the mean of the neighbouring four values.
SOLID-STATE-LASER-ROD HOLDER (1981)

The invention relates to holrlers for.soliJstate laser rods and mo.re particularly to holders for solid st0.te laser rods ~1ich are cooled to cryogenic temperatures.This invention is the result of a contract with the Department of Energy (Contract No. W-7405-ENG-36).Holmium in yttrium lithium fluoririe can be an attractive laser if several problems c~r1 be overcom~.These problems arise in attempting to position a l1olmium:yttrium lithiuhl fluoride, Ho:YLF, rod in a manner that provides for repetitive lasing, preferably in the 'l'CM mor:le.00
The effect of molecular weight distribution on the flow properties of polyethylene (1961)

Abstract The non‐Newtonian flow behavior of polyethylene has been investigated with respect to the effects of molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Effects of die geometry on melt fracture as well as preliminary extrudate orientation studies are discussed.
Relevance of renin expression by real-time PCR in acute myeloid leukemia (2006)

The search for useful molecular markers in the diagnosis of AML and in the follow-up of minimal residual disease (MRD) has been the focus of many recent studies. Previous research showed that, while normal bone marrow cells lack expression of renin, myeloid blasts have been reported to do so. The aim was to study the expression of the renin gene by the use of real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) at diagnosis in acute myeloid leukemia patients (AML) and to assess its possible relevance in the prognosis and outcome of such patients. This study analysed 76 samples from patients with AML, with follow-up of positive patients. Thirty-one patients (41%) were positive for renin gene expression at diagnosis. All renin-positive patients at diagnosis showed no expression during complete remission (CR), but expression recurred in those experiencing relapse and persisted when the disease was refractory to treatment. Although the results suggest that the sub-group of renin-positive AML patients might have a worse outcome and a higher relapse rate (at 5 years, the projected rate of disease-free survival was 18.5 +/- 9.8% for renin-positive and 23.5 +/- 8.8% for renin-negative patients), no significant differences were found. It is believed that further studies should aim to validate whether such a difference exists, using a much larger and homogeneus group of patients.
Regiospezifische Synthese von Mono- und Polyiod-Derivaten des Benzols (1977)

Der Austausch von Trimethylsilyl-Gruppen gegen lod-Atome hat sich zur Synthese von mono- und polyiodierten Benzol-Derivaten bewährt. Orientierend wirkende Substituenten haben kaum einen Einfluß auf das Reaktionsergebnis.
SERS substrate for detection of explosives (2012)

A novel gold coated femtosecond laser nanostructured sapphire surface - an "optical nose" - based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for detecting vapours of explosive substances was investigated. Four different nitroaromatic vapours at room temperature were tested. Sensor responses were unambiguous and showed response in the range of 0.05-15 μM at 25 °C. The laser fabricated substrate nanostructures produced up to an eight-fold increase in Raman signal over that observed on the unstructured portions of the substrate. This work demonstrates a simple sensing system that is compatible with commercial manufacturing practices to detect taggants in explosives which can undertake as part of an integrated security or investigative mission.
Notes on some Centipeds and Millipeds from Utah (1925)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
LS+ Lower Bounds from Pairwise Independence (2013)

We consider the complexity of LS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sub> refutations of unsatisfiable instances of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (k-CSPs) when the underlying predicate supports a pairwise independent distribution on its satisfying assignments. This is the most general condition on the predicates under which the corresponding MAX k-CSP problem is known to be approximation resistant. We show that for random instances of such k-CSPs on n variables, even after Ω(n) rounds of the LS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sub> hierarchy, the integrality gap remains equal to the approximation ratio achieved by a random assignment. In particular, this also shows that LS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sub> refutations for such instances require rank Ω(n). We also show the stronger result that refutations for such instances in the static LS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sub> proof system requires size exp(Ω(n)).
Electronmicrographs of Thin Sections of Molluscum Contagiosum. (1951)

SummaryThin sections of Molluscum contagiosum lesions from man have been examined with the electron microscope. Cells were seen in the prickle cell layer of the epidermis which contained only a very few cytoplasmic elementary bodies. These are considered to be early infected cells. Cells were seen with varying numbers of elementary bodies scattered through the cytoplasm while others were entirely filled with elementary bodies forming a mature inclusion. The elementary bodies in the early infected cells differed somewhat in shape from most of the elementary bodies seen in the larger inclusions. The mature inclusion bodies were divided into locules by septa. The locules contained mature elementary bodies. The elementary bodies appear to form from the material composing the matrix of the septa by a process of segmentation and condensation. The elementary bodies themselves were sectioned and appeared in some instances to have a formed cortex with a less dense interior.
Porosity level estimation in polymer composites using microwaves (1995)

The ability of microwaves to monitor variatioons in porosity level of composite samples is studied. Measurements of several carefully prepared samples with different air volume fractions are performed at the frequency range of 8.0-18 GHz. The measurement results indicated that there is an excellent sensitivity to small differences in porosity level. A rwo-phase mixing model used for predicting the dielectric propoerties as a function of porosity level shows good agreement with the measured results. This model may be used to closely predict the amount of air content from measured dielectric properties. Changes in clustered (local) porosity are studied experimentally as well. Microwave scan of specially prepared samples with about 5 percent change in air content (local porosity variation) are also presented
LRRK2 modifies α-syn pathology and spread in mouse models and human neurons (2019)

Progressive aggregation of the protein alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) are key histopathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). Accruing evidence suggests that α-syn pathology can propagate through neuronal circuits in the brain, contributing to the progressive nature of the disease. Thus, it is therapeutically pertinent to identify modifiers of α-syn transmission and aggregation as potential targets to slow down disease progression. A growing number of genetic mutations and risk factors has been identified in studies of familial and sporadic forms of PD. However, how these genes affect α-syn aggregation and pathological transmission, and whether they can be targeted for therapeutic interventions, remains unclear. We performed a targeted genetic screen of risk genes associated with PD and parkinsonism for modifiers of α-syn aggregation, using an α-syn preformed-fibril (PFF) induction assay. We found that decreased expression of Lrrk2 and Gba modulated α-syn aggregation in mouse primary neurons. Conversely, α-syn aggregation increased in primary neurons from mice expressing the PD-linked LRRK2 G2019S mutation. In vivo, using LRRK2 G2019S transgenic mice, we observed acceleration of α-syn aggregation and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the SNpc, exacerbated degeneration-associated neuroinflammation and behavioral deficits. To validate our findings in a human context, we established a novel human α-syn transmission model using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived neurons (iNs), where human α-syn PFFs triggered aggregation of endogenous α-syn in a time-dependent manner. In PD subject-derived iNs, the G2019S mutation enhanced α-syn aggregation, whereas loss of LRRK2 decreased aggregation. Collectively, these findings establish a strong interaction between the PD risk gene LRRK2 and α-syn transmission across mouse and human models. Since clinical trials of LRRK2 inhibitors in PD are currently underway, our findings raise the possibility that these may be effective in PD broadly, beyond cases caused by LRRK2 mutations.
The 24-Hour Profile of Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol in Major Depressive Illness* (1985)

The 24-h profile of plasma ACTH and cortisol levels was determined in 18 men suffering from major depressive illness (8 with unipolar depression and 10 with bipolar depression) as well as in 7 age-matched normal men. Blood was sampled every 15 min. The circadian variation and episodic fluctuations were analyzed for each individual profile. Both unipolar and bipolar depressed patients had higher 24-h mean cortisol levels (P less than 0.01) than normal men, but no significant difference in 24-h mean ACTH level was found. The nadir of cortisol secretion occurred almost 3 h earlier in older normal subjects and patients with unipolar depression, regardless of age, than in younger normal subjects. This shift paralleled a similar advance of the ACTH nadir. Early timing of the quiescent period of ACTH-cortisol secretion was also found in several patients with bipolar depression, but did not reach significance at the group level. The hypercortisolism in the depressed patients was associated with an increase in the magnitude, but not the number, of cortisol secretory episodes. About 90% of the cortisol pulses could be related to a concomitant ACTH pulse in normal subjects as well as in both groups of depressed patients. However, concomitant ACTH and cortisol pulses were less correlated in magnitude in depressed patients than in normal subjects. These results indicate that major depressive illness is associated with disturbances of pituitary-adrenal function. The early timing of the nadir of ACTH-cortisol secretion suggests that disorders of circadian time keeping may characterize major endogenous depression.
An investigation into the effects of manganese and other divalent cations on tyrosine hydroxylase activity. (1981)

The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) was measured in homogenates of hypothalamic tissue and corpus striatum obtained from 24 day old rats. The addition of manganese to the preparations had no direct effect on TH activity in either brain region. Similarly, the addition of calcium, magnesium and lead at concentrations of 1.0 mM did not affect TH activity. Cadmium and zinc (1.0 mM) significantly reduced TH activity in both the hypothalamic area and corpus striatum. Iron (1.0 mM) significantly stimulated TH activity in the corpus striatum but did not affect TH activity in the hypothalamic area. At conentrations of 1.0 mM, neither disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) nor ethylene glycol bis (beta-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid (ECTA) affected directly TH activity in either brain region. Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) at a concentration of 1.0 mM did not affect TH activity in either the hypothalamic area or corpus striatum. Results from these in vitro studies show clearly that manganese does not inhibit directly TH activity and that manganese does not compete with other physiologically important divalent cations to cause the reduction in TH activity seen in vivo after chronic exposure.