gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity of Pertussis Toxin in Toxin-Adhesin Redundancy with Filamentous Hemagglutinin during<i>Bordetella pertussis</i>Infection (2001)

Pertussis toxin (PT) and filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) are two major virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis. FHA is the main adhesin, whereas PT is a toxin with an A-B structure, in which the A protomer expresses ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and the B moiety is responsible for binding to the target cells. Here, we show redundancy of FHA and PT during infection. Whereas PT-deficient and FHA-deficient mutants colonized the mouse respiratory tract nearly as efficiently as did the isogenic parent strain, a mutant deficient for both factors colonized substantially less well. This was not due to redundant functions of PT and FHA as adhesins, since in vitro studies of epithelial cells and macrophages indicated that FHA, but not PT, acts as an adhesin. An FHA-deficient B. pertussis strain producing enzymatically inactive PT colonized as poorly as did the FHA-deficient, PT-deficient strain, indicating that the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of PT is required for redundancy with FHA. Only strains producing active PT induced a local transient release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), suggesting that the pharmacological effects of PT are the basis of the redundancy with FHA, through the release of TNF-alpha. This may lead to damage of the pulmonary epithelium, allowing the bacteria to colonize even in the absence of FHA.
A high order feedback net (HOFNET) with variable non-linearity (1991)

In practical applications of image recognition it is often the case that the input unknown pattern is a noisy version of one known by the recognition system. Therefore, it is important to design the recognition system taking into
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 limits protection of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor signaling against central demyelination (2006)

Enhancement of oligodendrocyte survival through activation of leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) signaling is a candidate therapeutic strategy for demyelinating disease. However, in other cell types, LIFR signaling is under tight negative regulation by the intracellular protein suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3). We, therefore, postulated that deletion of the SOCS3 gene in oligodendrocytes would promote the beneficial effects of LIFR signaling in limiting demyelination. By studying wild-type and LIF-knockout mice, we established that SOCS3 expression by oligodendrocytes was induced by the demyelinative insult, that this induction depended on LIF, and that endogenously produced LIF was likely to be a key determinant of the CNS response to oligodendrocyte loss. Compared with wild-type controls, oligodendrocyte-specific SOCS3 conditional-knockout mice displayed enhanced c-fos activation and exogenous LIF-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Moreover, these SOCS3-deficient mice were protected against cuprizone-induced oligodendrocyte loss relative to wild-type animals. These results indicate that modulation of SOCS3 expression could facilitate the endogenous response to CNS injury.
First Estimation of Power Consumption of KTa<sub><i>x</i></sub>Nb<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>O<sub>3</sub>Crystal upon Application of High Voltage under High Frequency (2013)

We report the power consumption of KTaxNb1-xO3 crystals upon application of a high voltage in the DC to 200 kHz range. The power consumption was 1.2 W at a 200 kHz repetition rate for the employed chip size, which was optimized to obtain large scanning angle. The beam scanning angle deteriorated because the dielectric constant decreased as a result of the heat that was generated when the frequency increased. The beam scanning angle was proportional to the decreased dielectric constant when the frequency increased.
Important Quality Factors in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) as Affected by Stabilizers and Flocculation Techniques. (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImportant Quality Factors in Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) as Affected by Stabilizers and Flocculation Techniques.B. A. Hunter, A. C. Nawakowski, R. R. Barnhart, E. M. Campbell, and E. B. HansenCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1959, 4, 4, 355–359Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60004a020https://doi.org/10.1021/je60004a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estrogen Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rodent Adipose Tissue: Studies<i>In vivo</i>and<i>In vitro</i> (2003)

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Reports have suggested that adipose tissue-derived cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 could be involved in the development of these health complications. Since estrogen has been suggested to attenuate the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, we investigated whether ovariectomy affected the production and release of these three adipose tissue-derived cytokines with and without estrogen replacement in vivo and in vitro. Female Wistar rats were submitted to either a) ovariectomy, b) ovariectomy and estrogen replacement, or c) sham operation. After five months, animals were sacrificed and parametrial adipose tissue was removed and incubated for up to 24 hours with either interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) (5 micro g/l), dexamethasone (50 nM) or estrogen (50 nM). Ovariectomy significantly increased interleukin-6 gene expression (p < 0.05) as well as interleukin-8 protein levels (p < 0.05) and gene expression (p < 0.05) in the adipose tissue, and estrogen replacement significantly reversed this increase (p < 0.05). However, no direct effects of estrogen were found in in vitro adipose tissue incubations. Neither ovariectomy nor estrogen replacement had any effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha protein levels or gene expression. In conclusion, estrogen-deficient rats were found to have increased production of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, which could be attenuated by estrogen-replacement. Since estrogen is suggested to be anti-atherosclerotic, this effect might be caused by a reduction in cytokine production from the adipose tissue.
Complexity and sliding-block decodability (1996)

A constrained system, or sofic system, S is the set of symbol strings generated by the finite-length paths through a finite labeled, directed graph. Karabed and Marcus (1988), extending the work of Adler, Coppersmith, and Hassner (1983), used the technique of state-splitting to prove the existence of a noncatastrophic, rate p:q finite-state encoder from binary data into S for any input word length p and codeword length q satisfying p/q/spl les/cap(S), the Shannon (1948) capacity. For constrained systems that are almost-finite-type, they further proved the existence of encoders enjoying a stronger form of decodability-namely, sliding-block decodability. In particular, their result implies the existence of a 100% efficient (rate 1/2), sliding-block code for the charge-constrained, runlength-limited constraint with parameters (d, k; c)=(1,3; 3), an almost-finite-type system with capacity precisely 1/2. We describe two quite different constructions of such codes. The constructions highlight connections between the problem of determining sliding-block decodability of a finite-state encoder and certain problems of colorability for graphs and sets. Using these connections, we show that the problem of determining the existence of a block-decodable input tag assignment for a given rate p:q, finite-state encoder is NP-complete, for p>1. We also prove NP-completeness results for several related problems in combinatorics and coding.
Output stage of a dynamic current steering deep brain stimulator (2015)

Clinical deep brain stimulation (DBS) uses 4 cylindrical electrodes driven in monopolar or bipolar configurations. This yields a spherical stimulation field around the electrode modulating both targeted and untargeted areas. This paper presents an approach in which activation field spread beyond targeted areas can be mitigated using dynamic current steering. Dynamic current steering uses segmented electrodes together with dynamic current sources in order to accurately stimulate intended neural tissue. This paper will focus on the output stage of the dynamic current steering system. The output stage uses dynamic current sources (DCS) in implementing 8 push-pull current sources that are interfaced to 16 electrodes so as to enable current steering. The dynamic current sources operate in two phases - programming and stimulation. This technique was adopted because it reduces power consumption and output current mismatch. The 16 electrodes can be driven both as anodes and cathodes. As a proof of concept the stimulator uses a supply of 3.3 V to drive biphasic current pulses of up to 0.5 mA through its electrodes. The circuit was implemented in a 0.18 μm CMOS technology.
Frontline Approach to Metastatic <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Melanoma Diagnosis, Molecular Evaluation, and Treatment Choice (2014)

An estimated 76,100 patients will be diagnosed with invasive melanoma in the United States in 2014, and 9,710 patients will die from the disease. In almost all cases, the cause of death is related to the development of widespread metastatic disease. Although death rates from most types of cancer have steadily decreased in the United States--a 20% decrease during two decades from a peak of 215.1 deaths per 100,000 population in 1991 to 171.8 in 2010--death rates from melanoma have steadily increased during the same time, especially among males. The news regarding melanoma is far from all bad. Increases in our understanding of the human immune system have led to the development of new immunotherapeutic drugs such as ipilimumab, which has been shown to improve survival in phase III trials in metastatic melanoma, and anti-programmed death 1 (anti-PD1) antibodies, recently hailed by ASCO as one of the past year's most noteworthy clinical cancer advances. However, no discovery has influenced and, indeed, transformed the management of metastatic melanoma more than the identifıcation of activating mutations in the BRAF gene in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, which occur in about half of cutaneous melanomas and can be targeted with small molecule inhibitors of the BRAF protein, the downstream MEK protein, or both. This article will address how patients with metastatic melanoma are evaluated for their mutation status and how the presence of a targetable mutation influences therapeutic decisions regarding systemic therapy and even surgery.
Analysis of the irregular planar distribution of proteins in membranes (1985)

Methods to characterize the irregular but non-random planar distribution of proteins in biological membranes were investigated. The distribution of the proteins constituting the intramembranous particles (IMP) in human erythrocyte membranes was used as an example. The distribution of IMPs was deliberately altered by experimental means. For real space analyses, the IMP positions in freeze fracture micrograph S were determined by an automatic procedure described. Radial distribution and autocorrelation analysis revealed quantitative differences between experimental groups. These methods are more sensitive than the corresponding optical diffraction or Fourier-Bessel analyses of the same IMP distribution data, due to the inability of the diffraction methods to separate contrast and distribution effects. A method to identify IMPs on a non-uniform background is described.
Structure and Mobility of Defects Formed from Collision Cascades in MgO (2004)

We study radiation-damage events in MgO on experimental time scales by augmenting molecular dynamics cascade simulations with temperature accelerated dynamics, molecular statics, and density functional theory. At 400 eV, vacancies and mono- and di-interstitials form, but often annihilate within milliseconds. At 2 and 5 keV, larger clusters can form and persist. While vacancies are immobile, interstitials aggregate into clusters (I-n) with surprising properties; e.g., an I-4 is immobile, but an impinging I-2 can create a metastable I-6 that diffuses on the nanosecond time scale but is stable for years.
Synchronous frequency domain measurements for the extraction of X-parameters in digital to analog transmitters (2013)

This paper presents an extraction procedure for behavioral model approximation of digital transmitters. A first explanation on how to extract X-parameters for a digital to analog device will be done, followed by a procedure for phase synchronization measurements. Finally, a real measurement example will be performed.
Iterative region-of-interest reconstruction of truncated projections with slit-slat collimation (2007)

Slit-slat collimation is a geometry for SPECT imaging that combines a slit along the axis of rotation of a gamma camera with a set of septa perpendicular to the slit. Herein we investigate through simulation and experiment the potential to accurately reconstruct a region of interest using truncated slit-slat projection data. Projections of digital phantoms (10-cm diameter) were simulated for circular orbits with 5 different RORs, which produced various degrees of truncated projection data. The projections were reconstructed slice by slice using an MLEM algorithm (10 iterations). Experimental data were obtained with a prototype slit-slat collimator attached to a gamma camera. The phantoms had 3- mm alternating hot and cold regions. Three phantom configurations were acquired at RORs of 9.1 and 21.1 cm. In the 21.1-cm ROR case, the phantom was offset 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm from the AOR to search for sampling deficiencies. The experimental projections were reconstructed with the same iterative algorithm. Analytical calculations were also carried out to determine the expected regions of the reconstruction that utilized only untruncated data, as well as regions that were well sampled using cutoffs of 80, 95 and 99%. Both simulated and experimental data show that central ROIs could be accurately reconstructed from truncated projection data, even though blurring occurred outside this ROI. The sizes of the accurately reconstructed regions were consistent with the analytical calculations.
Overexpression of VvWRKY2 in tobacco enhances broad resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens (2007)

WRKY genes encode proteins belonging to a large family of transcription factors that are involved in various developmental and physiological processes and in plant responses to pathogen infections. In the present work, a full-length cDNA from a Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grape berry library was isolated and characterized. The cDNA, designated VvWRKY2, encodes a polypeptide of 536 amino acids that shows the structural features of group I of WRKY protein family. VvWRKY2 is expressed in the different organs of healthy grapevine plants. In leaves, VvWRKY2 is induced by wounding and after infection with Plasmopara viticola. Constitutive expression of VvWRKY2 in tobacco reduced the susceptibility of transgenic tobacco to three types of fungal pathogens infecting different parts of the plant: Botrytis cinerea (leaves), Pythium spp. (roots) and Alternaria tenuis (seeds). The results indicate that VvWRKY2 may be involved in the resistance of grapevine against the pathogens.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLA DERIVATIVES OF AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES. 1. RHENA DERIVATIVES OF GLYCINE, L‐ALANINE, AND GLYCYLGLYCINE. A NEW N‐TERMINAL AND PROTECTING GROUP AND HEAVY‐ATOM LABEL (1981)

Abstract Die Kondensation des cis‐Rhenaacetylaceton‐Moleküls (I) mit Ethyl‐glycinat und ‐L‐alaninat (II) führt zu den entsprechenden Rhenα‐β‐ketoimin‐ Derivaten der Aminosäureester (IIIa), deren basische Hydrolyse die Rhena‐Derivate der entsprechenden Säuren (IIIb) liefert.
Use of Pressure Bomb Measurements to Estimate Root Water Potentials<sup>1</sup> (1974)

Abstract Pressure bomb measurements were used to estimate root water potentials of soil‐grown pepper ( Capsicum annum L. cv. ‘California Wonder’) plants. Bomb measurements taken on roots of wilted pepper plants in dry soil overestimated the water potential by as much as 8 bars when roots were known to be damaged. When plants were equilibrated at low water potentials (‐10 to ‐14 bars) and the roots were undisturbed, differences between water potentials in the plant roots and top were 0.4 bars or less. Increases in water potential with time were observed in both stressed and well‐watered plants where roots were not damaged but where there was no attempt to equilibrate the water potential gradient. Root resistance, root pressure and unsaturated conductivity of the soil all influence the tune dependence of root water potential.
[Value of an extensive biological study in venous or arterial thromboses]. (1996)

An extensive biological analysis, including plasma homocystein level, anticardiolipin antibodies, anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies and a study of the erythrocytic aggregation would appear to be of value in patients presenting recurrent arterial or venous thromboembolic events. Specific therapy can be applied in case of abnormal results continued anticoagulant therapy for anticardiolipin and anti-beta 2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies, and a vitamin therapy for increased homocysteinemia.
Choroidal Thickness of the Papillomacular Region in Young Healthy Individuals (2014)

In young healthy individuals, the choroid under the papillomacular region appears to be thinner than in other areas. These differences could relate to specificities of the retina overlying this region.
The Clinical Profile of Patients with Psoriasis in Korea: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study (EPI-PSODE) (2017)

This was the first nationwide epidemiologic study of patients with psoriasis in Korea and provides an overview of the epidemiologic characteristics and clinical profiles of this patient population.
MYCIN II: design and implementation of a therapy reference with complex content-based indexing. (1998)

We describe the construction of MYCIN II, a prototype system that provides for content-based markup and search of a forthcoming clinical therapeutics textbook, Antimicrobial Therapy and Vaccines. Existing commercial search technology for digital references utilizes generic tools such as textword-based searches with geographical or statistical refinements. We suggest that the drawbacks of such systems significantly restrict their use in everyday clinical practice. This is in spite of the fact that there is a great need for the information contained within these same references. The system we describe is intended to supplement keyword searching so that certain important questions can be asked easily and can be answered reliably (in terms of precision and recall). Our method attacks this problem in a restricted domain of knowledge-clinical infectious disease. For example, we would like to be able to answer the class of questions exemplified by the following query: "What antimicrobial agents can be used to treat endocarditis caused by Eikenella corrodens?" We have compiled and analyzed a list of such questions to develop a concept-based markup scheme. This scheme was then applied within an HTML markup to electronically "highlight" passages from three textbook chapters. We constructed a functioning web-based search interface. Our system also provides semi-automated querying of PubMed using our concept markup and the user's actions as a guide.
1H, 15N, 13C resonance assignment of human osteopontin (2015)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a 33.7 kDa intrinsically disordered protein and a member of the SIBLING family of proteins. OPN is bearing a signal peptide for secretion into the extracellular space, where it exerts its main physiological function, the control of calcium biomineralization. It is often involved in tumorigenic processes influencing proliferation, migration and survival, as well as the adhesive properties of cancer cells via CD44 and integrin signaling pathways. Here we report the nearly complete NMR chemical shift assignment of recombinant human osteopontin.
Bioluminescence imaging of energy depletion in vascular pathology: patent ductus arteriosus and atherosclerosis (2011)

The artery wall may develop energy depletion due to insufficient nutritional supply. However, until recently it has not been possible to validate this hypothesis because no available technology has allowed assessment of energy metabolism with sufficient spatial resolution. We use high resolution bioluminescence metabolic imaging to study energy metabolism in two mechanistically different vascular pathologies: patent ductus arteriosus and atherosclerosis. Physiological energy depletion in postnatally constricting ductus arteriosus promotes permanent closure. Insufficient ductus energy depletion, common in preterm infants, is associated with persistent patent ductus arteriosus, a condition with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. In contrast, in atherosclerosis, energy depletion in the macrophage-rich lesion core promotes cell death contributing to lesion instability and disease progression.
Synthesis and characterization of fluoro-substituted polyphenylthiophenes for charge storage applications (1997)

A series of fluoro-substituted phenylthiophene monomers has been synthesized with high isolated yields (71–90%). Generalized coupling reactions have been developed for the series with a Pd(dppf)Cl2 catalyst and via Zn-complex mediated reactions. The controlled electropolymerization of monomers yielded polymeric materials which, when cycled, exhibited reversible redox reactions in both the n- and p-doped states with high cycling efficiencies. The doping levels and polymerization potentials were strongly correlated with the electronic character of the monomers based on the Hammett model. This methodology suggests a theoretical scheme for the development of other high charge-capacity polymeric materials.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of N‐Substituted‐2‐substituted‐benzimidazole Derivatives. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Shunt regulation for continuous operation of solar array at maximum power (2005)

In a standalone system, the solar array operation may be off its maximum power point due to an unbalanced power generation, for example, when the battery is fully charged. The purpose of the shunt regulation is to support the array to continuously operate at its maximum power points regardless of the operating conditions of the solar array, the battery, and the load. The excess energy, if any, through the shunt can be captured and utilized, thus, the overall system efficiency can be improved. This paper presents a simulation study of a simple shunt regulation algorithm for the operation of the solar array at maximum power point continuously, showing a system efficiency improvement of about 37.4%.