gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible palmitoylation of the protein-tyrosine kinase p56lck. (1993)

The myristoylated protein-tyrosine kinase, p56lck, is expressed predominantly in T cells where it is believed to play a role in T cell activation. We observed a 56-kDa protein that became metabolically labeled in intact T lymphoid cells that were incubated with either [3H]myristate or [3H]palmitate. This protein was identified as p56lck based on its specific immunoprecipitation with polyclonal antisera to p56lck, by induction of a shift in its electrophoretic mobility following treatment of cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and by co-chromatography with p56lck on protamine-agarose. Characterization of the two acylation events revealed that, in contrast to the p56lck-associated radioactivity from [3H]myristate-labeled cells, the p56lck-associated radioactivity from [3H]palmitate-labeled cells was susceptible to cleavage by neutral hydroxylamine and was not blocked by inhibitors of protein synthesis. Pulse-chase analyses revealed that the labeling of p56lck with [3H]palmitate, but not [3H]myristate, was reversible. The presence of covalently attached palmitate on p56lck from [3H]palmitate-labeled cells was verified by thin-layer chromatography following acid hydrolysis of the acylated protein. 2-Hydroxymyristate, which is metabolically activated to form a potent inhibitor of protein myristoylation, specifically inhibited the acylation of p56lck with [3H]myristate without affecting its labeling with [3H]palmitate. These studies indicate that p56lck is both a cotranslationally myristoylated and post-translationally palmitoylated protein.
Clustering of Th Cell Epitopes on Exposed Regions of HIV Envelope Despite Defects in Antibody Activity (2003)

A long-standing question in the field of immunology concerns the factors that contribute to Th cell epitope immunodominance. For a number of viral membrane proteins, Th cell epitopes are localized to exposed protein surfaces, often overlapping with Ab binding sites. It has therefore been proposed that Abs on B cell surfaces selectively bind and protect exposed protein fragments during Ag processing, and that this interaction helps to shape the Th cell repertoire. While attractive in concept, this hypothesis has not been thoroughly tested. To test this hypothesis, we have compared Th cell peptide immunodominance in normal C57BL/6 mice with that in C57BL/6( micro MT/ micro MT) mice (lacking normal B cell activity). Animals were first vaccinated with DNA constructs expressing one of three different HIV envelope proteins, after which the CD4(+) T cell response profiles were characterized toward overlapping peptides using an IFN-gamma ELISPOT assay. We found a striking similarity between the peptide response profiles in the two mouse strains. Profiles also matched those of previous experiments in which different envelope vaccination regimens were used. Our results clearly demonstrate that normal Ab activity is not required for the establishment or maintenance of Th peptide immunodominance in the HIV envelope response. To explain the clustering of Th cell epitopes, we propose that localization of peptide on exposed envelope surfaces facilitates proteolytic activity and preferential peptide shuttling through the Ag processing pathway.
Electronic structure of the Ni/sub 2/MnIn/InAs [100] interface relevant to spin injection (2001)

The ferromagnet-semiconductor system consisting of the Heusler alloy Ni/sub 2/MnIn and the semiconductor InAs has been proposed as a likely candidate for use in spin injection-based devices. To study the nature of the interface states in this system, we create a model [100] interface. Using a full-potential electronic structure code with a basis set of Slater-type orbitals, we have calculated the moments and density of states of each atom. We find that the magnetic moments of the Ni/sub 2/MnIn are not killed at the interface. We compare the DOS of Ni/sub 2/MnIn in the interface model with the DOS of the respective bulk material.
Expression of platelet-derived growth factor in a model of acute liver injury† (1994)

Platelet-derived growth factor has been shown to play an important role in the repair process after acute tissue injury and in the pathogenesis of several fibrogenic disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether increased expression of platelet-derived growth factor and its beta-receptor subunit occurs in a model of acute liver injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intragastric dose of carbon tetrachloride and killed at intervals of 24, 48 and 72 hr and 1 wk. Control animals were included in each group. Platelet-derived growth factor-B chain mRNA expression, analyzed by RNase protection assay, was not detectable in control samples or in samples obtained 24 hr or 1 wk after carbon tetrachloride. However, the presence of protected fragments of 130 kb was clearly detected after 48 hr and was still present, although less abundant, after 72 hr. The distribution of platelet-derived growth factor protein in liver tissue sections, evaluated by immunohistochemistry, was restricted to centrilobular veins and portal tracts in normal liver. In carbon tetrachloride-treated rats, prominent staining was observed in areas corresponding to hepatocellular necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. This feature, already present at 24 hr after carbon tetrachloride, became more marked at 48 hr with a gradual resolution after 72 hr. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor-receptor beta-subunit mRNA, evaluated by in situ hybridization, was markedly increased after carbon tetrachloride with a peak at 24 hr and was mainly localized over mesenchymal cells in the hepatic sinusoids.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Blood-Transfusion Requirements and Blood Salvage in Donors Undergoing Right Hepatectomy for Living Related Liver Transplantation (2003)

Living related liver donation for liver transplantation in adults including its risks is receiving increased attention. We present data from 44 liver donors focusing on transfusion requirements and avoidance of heterologous transfusion. The volume of blood transfused (both autologous from preoperative donation and heterologous) was assessed including that derived from intraoperative isovolemic hemodilution, cell-saver salvaged, and retransfused blood. Hemoglobin concentration and central venous pressure were measured at specified time points before and during surgery. Intraoperative blood loss was calculated and correlated to the duration of parenchymal transsection, liver volume resected, and central venous pressure. There were no specific anesthesia-evoked complications. In 4 donors, major bleeding (>2000 mL) occurred. Blood loss averaged 902 +/- 564 mL (SD), yielding a minimal mean hemoglobin concentration of 8.1 +/- 1.2 g/dL. One donor received 3 U of heterologous blood and 30 donors received autologous blood from their preoperative donation. An average of 592 +/- 112 mL of blood derived from perioperative acute isovolemic hemodilution was retransfused as was 421 +/- 333 mL of washed red cells from the cell-saving system. Avoidance of heterologous blood transfusion, application of blood-saving techniques, and efficient pain management are crucial for adult living liver donors. Transfusion of banked blood can be avoided in most patients when intraoperative cell salvage, preoperative autologous blood donation, and intraoperative hemodilution are combined.
Combined administration of aureomycin and nitrogen mustard. II. Effects of the intra-arterial administration on human cancer (1953)

of R methylbis(2-chloroethyl)an$ne hydrochloride (HN2) has been found to produce on certain cancers therapciitic effects that could not be achieved by intravenous administration. 3, 7, 10, 11 However, serious systemic infection occurred in several patients who were given daily doses of H N 2 through an indwelling arterial cannula.15 T h e likely source of intection in these cases was either the arterial cannula tract or the devitalized tumor tissue. To prevent development of such systemic infection, prophylactic use of a broad-spectrum antibiotic such as aureomycin8 was considered desirable. T h e indwelling cannula offered a n easily available and safe3 route of administration of aureoniycin hydrochloride buffered with sodium glycinate (buffered aureoniycin). Furthermore, the reports that high concentrations of aureomycin affected rapidly dividing cells in tissue culture," in plants,14 and in animal tumorsl:{ suggested that this drug might also be a cancer chemotherapeutic agent. This was further supported by the observation that simultaneous exposure of cells in tissue culture to HN2 and buffered aureoniycin was more cytotoxic than exposure to the same concentration of either drug alone.3 For these reasons, H N 2 and buffered aureomycin were administered intra-arterially to each one of a group of patients with hopeless cancer.
Induction of Terpenoid Synthesis in Cotton Roots and Control of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> by Seed Treatment with <i>Trichoderma virens</i> (2000)

ABSTRACT Research on the mechanisms employed by the biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens to suppress cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seedling disease incited by Rhizoctonia solani has shown that mycoparasitism and antibiotic production are not major contributors to successful biological control. In this study, we examined the possibility that seed treatment with T. virens stimulates defense responses, as indicated by the synthesis of terpenoids in cotton roots. We also examined the role of these terpenoid compounds in disease control. Analysis of extracts of cotton roots and hypocotyls grown from T. virens-treated seed showed that terpenoid synthesis and peroxidase activity were increased in the roots of treated plants, but not in the hypocotyls of these plants or in the untreated controls. Bioassay of the terpenoids for toxicity to R. solani showed that the pathway intermediates desoxyhemigossypol (dHG) and hemigossypol (HG) were strongly inhibitory to the pathogen, while the final product gossypol (G) was toxic only at a much higher concentration. Strains of T. virens and T. koningii were much more resistant to HG than was R. solani, and they thoroughly colonized the cotton roots. A comparison of biocontrol efficacy and induction of terpenoid synthesis in cotton roots by strains of T. virens, T. koningii, T. harzianum, and protoplast fusants indicated that there was a strong correlation (+0.89) between these two phenomena. It, therefore, appears that induction of defense response, particularly terpenoid synthesis, in cotton roots by T. virens may be an important mechanism in the biological control by this fungus of R. solani-incited cotton seedling disease.
X-Ray Photoeffect Cross Sections in Low- and Medium-<i>Z</i> Absorbers for the Energy Range 852 eV to 40 keV (1966)

Experimental determinations of the mass-attenuation coefficient (μm) using both a two-crystal (quartz) and single-crystal (beryl) monochromator for Be, C, N, O, Ne, Al, Ar, Cu, and Sn at selected photon energies between 852 eV and 40 keV are presented. The experimental precautions necessary to ensure freedom from effects such as small angle scattering, x-ray fluorescence, and the Borrmann effect guarantee that the measured values of μm are characteristic of atomic absorbers. Values of the photoelectric cross section (σpe) for these elements are determined by subtraction of the contribution of coherent (Thomson) and incoherent (Compton) scattering to enable direct comparison with calculated values of σpe based on modified Coulomb wavefunctions (Stobbe theory). Modification of inner screening constants gives calculated values of σpe in fair agreement with experiment, whereas fully screened calculations or calculations made with no screening underestimate or overesimate, respectively, the cross section. The use of nonrelativistic sum rules and the precaution necessary when using Hartree-Fock wavefunctions for the determination of σpe are discussed.
FAST PHASE-DIFFERENCE-BASED DOA ESTIMATION USING RANDOM FERNS (2018)

Direction of arrival (DOA) information of a signal is important in communications, localization, object tracking and so on. Frequency-domain-based time-delay estimation is capable of achieving DOA in subsample accuracy; however, it suffers from the phase wrapping problem. In this paper, a frequency-diversity based method is proposed to overcome the phase wrapping problem. Inspired by the machine learning technique of random ferns, an algorithm is proposed to speed up the search procedure. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated based on three different signal models using both simulations and experimental tests. The results show that using random ferns can reduce search time to 1/6 of the search time of the exhaustive method while maintaining the same accuracy. The proposed search approach outperforms a benchmark frequency-diversity based algorithm by offering lower DOA estimation error.
Selection of Graft Expanders for the Second Stage of the Induced Membrane Technique (2016)

In the second stage of the induced membrane technique (Masquelet), a bone gap remains after debridement and removal of the bone cement spacer. For a successful therapy, the bone gap has to be filled with an adequate substrate. Autologous bone grafts represent the gold standard and seem to be the optimal filling material with several essential abilities for callus formation: osteogenic cells, osteoinductive, and osteoconductive properties. Regarding the limited availability, several alternatives have come on the market for the use in human bone defects. Allograft from donor bone and synthetic substitutes are easily accessible and of nearly unlimited availability ready to use. Despite of these advantages, they lack osteogenic potential and in most cases they also lack osteoinductive properties. Although they are still not the optimal replacement for autologous bone grafts, we recommend the combination of synthetic bone substitutes and growth factors with autologous bone to increase the amount of filling material and to maximize the healing potential in complex cases treated with the Masquelet technique. The ideal bone graft would have to unify all these properties without disadvantages and has to be subject of further investigations.
Requirement of Calmodulin Binding by HIV-1 gp160 for Enhanced FAS-mediated Apoptosis (2000)

Accelerated apoptosis is one mechanism proposed for the loss of CD4+ T-lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp160, contains two C-terminal calmodulin-binding domains. Expression of gp160 in Jurkat T-cells results in increased sensitivity to FAS- and ceramide-mediated apoptosis. The pro-apoptotic effect of gp160 expression is blocked by two calmodulin antagonists, tamoxifen and trifluoperazine. This enhanced apoptosis in response to FAS antibody or C(2)-ceramide is associated with activation of caspase 3, a critical mediator of apoptosis. A point mutation in the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160 (alanine 835 to tryptophan, A835W) eliminates gp160-dependent enhanced FAS-mediated apoptosis in transiently transfected cells, as well as in vitro calmodulin binding to a peptide corresponding to the C-terminal calmodulin-binding domain of gp160. Stable Tet-off Jurkat cell lines were developed that inducibly express wild type gp160 or gp160A835W. Increasing expression of wild type gp160, but not gp160A835W, correlates with increased calmodulin levels, increased apoptosis, and caspase 3 activation in response to anti-FAS treatment. The data indicate that gp160-enhanced apoptosis is dependent upon calmodulin up-regulation, involves the activation of caspase 3, and requires calmodulin binding to the C-terminal binding domain of gp160.
Oxygen‐plasma‐treated polypropylene interfaces with air, water, and epoxy resins: Part I. Air and water (1991)

Abstract Oxygen plasma treatment of polypropylene (PP) surfaces led to introduction of oxygencontaining functionalities, with consequent improvement of surface wettability. A combination of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SSIMS), and contact angle measurements (water‐in‐air and air‐in‐water) allowed us to characterize the behavior of the treated surface in contact with air (low‐energy surface) and water (high‐energy surface). The treated surface showed the tendency to rearrange itself to minimize its interfacial energy. When contacted with air (low‐energy surface), polar groups were buried away from the polymer/air interface, while in contact with water (high‐energy surface) polar groups remained at the polymer/water interface. When contacted with air, the polymer surface layer rearranged by macromolecular motions within itself, since interdiffusion with the bulk polymer seems forbidden. These motions are thermally activated and it was possible to obtain an apparent activation energy (58.1 kJ/mol) close to those reported for other vinyl polymers.
The Production of Experimental Influenza in Mice by Inhalation of Atmospheres Containing InfluenzaVirus Dispersed as Fine Droplets (1943)

Journal Article The Production of Experimental Influenza in Mice by Inhalation of Atmospheres Containing Influenza Virus Dispersed as Fine Droplets Get access Clayton G. Loosli, Clayton G. Loosli Fromthe Department of Medicine, the Douglas Smith Foundation for Medical Research, and the Bartlett Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. H. Robertson, O. H. Robertson Fromthe Department of Medicine, the Douglas Smith Foundation for Medical Research, and the Bartlett Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Theodore T. Puck Theodore T. Puck Fromthe Department of Medicine, the Douglas Smith Foundation for Medical Research, and the Bartlett Memorial Fund of the University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 72, Issue 2, March 1943, Pages 142–153, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/72.2.142 Published: 01 March 1943 Article history Received: 27 August 1942 Published: 01 March 1943
Primary bronchial epithelial cell culture from explanted cystic fibrosis lungs (2010)

Lung disease is responsible for more than 95% of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis. The exact pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis lung disease remains poorly understood. Experimental models are therefore vital for use in research. Animal models and immortalized cell lines both have inherent limitations. Explanted lungs removed from people with cystic fibrosis at the time of transplantation represent a potentially valuable but technically and logistically challenging source of primary cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells. In this study, pieces of segmental bronchus from explanted lungs were treated with patient-specific antimicrobials prior to isolation of bronchial epithelial cells. Cultured cells were characterized by their morphology under light microscopy, cytokeratin and hematoxylin-eosin staining, and electrophysiological profile. Primary bronchial epithelial cells were successfully cultured from 15 of 22 patients attempted. The cells exhibited typical epithelial morphology, staining for cytokeratin, lack of responsiveness to forskolin treatment, and remained viable after storage in liquid nitrogen. Seven unsuccessful cultures failed due to early infection with bacteria known to colonize the airways pretransplant. The results show that primary bronchial epithelial cell culture is possible from explanted cystic fibrosis lungs. This provides an important cellular model to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms in cystic fibrosis lung disease and to investigate potential therapeutic targets.
Investigation of a-Si:H solar cells with a protocrystalline-like amorphous silicon intrinsic layer (2011)

We investigate the effects of the hydrogen dilution in a-Si:H film on the crystallization and the absorption property. Crystallization of the a-Si:H films from amorphous to several tens nanometer-sized crystal state is observed by increase of hydrogen dilution ratio using PECVD. The phase transition of the a-Si:H films from amorphous to micro-crystal occurred very rapidly in a very narrow range of the silane concentration(SC). Protocrystalline-like properties of silicon (pc-Si:H) is obtained fractionally within the a-Si:H matrix. It could be assumed that the volume fraction of the protocrystalline silicon is the highest in the range of SC=3.7~4.0%, whereas amorphous or micro-crystalline phases are dominant in the other range of SC<;4.0% and SC>;3.0%, respectively. The μc-Si:H films with SC=1.0%~1.4% have the micro-crystalline volume fraction 75%~80%. But the μc-Si:H films still contain the amorphous, proto- or nano-crystalline silicon in the rest volume so that they show some different characteristics with other micro-crystalline silicon. The a-Si:H films with SC=3.7~4.0% doesn't contain the micro-crystalline volume fraction but different characteristics in absorption from the other a-Si:H films with higher SC>;4.0%. Such films could be assumed to have the properties of the protocrystalline silicon. They, consequently, showed the low degradation property from the light soaking and the rapid stability.
Forensic Science Center (2001)

Since 1991, the Laboratory's Forensic Science Center has focused a comprehensive range of analytical expertise on issues related to non proliferation, counterterrorism, and domestic law enforcement. During this short period, LLNL's singular combination of human and technological resources has made the Center among the best of its kind in the world. The Forensic Science Center houses a variety of state-of-the-art analytical tools ranging from gas chromatograph/mass spectrometers to ultratrace DNA detection techniques. The Center's multidisciplinary staff provides expertise in organic and inorganic analytical chemistry, nuclear science, biochemistry, and genetics useful for supporting law enforcement and for verifying compliance with international treaties and agreements.
Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(5-Methyl-2-pyridyl) propionate (1959)

Application of phosphoryl chloride to 2-hydroxymethyl-5-methylpyridine (IV), derived from 2, 5-lutidine (I), afforded the chlorinated compound (V) and application of potassium chloride to (V) gave the nitrile (VI), which formed the ester (VII) on warming in ethanol saturated with hydrogen chloride. (VI) underwent saponification and decarboxylation on heating with hydrochloric acid to form (I). The ester (VII) was also obtained on application of dry ice to lithium compound of (I) and followed by treatment with ethanol saturated with hydrogen chloride. Application of methyl iodide to (VII), in the presence of metallic potassium afforded ethyl 2-(5-methyl-2-pyridyl) propionate (VIII).
Solar flare gamma-ray line shapes (1988)

Prompt gamma rays from nuclear states excited by flare‐accelerated protons and alpha particles are emitted before the recoiling nuclei have slowed appreciably in the ambient solar medium. In particular, gamma‐ray lines emitted after (p,p’) and (α,α’) excitations display characteristic shapes that are rapidly varying functions of the angle between the emitted gamma rays and the incident beam direction. This angular dependence has led to suggestions that an analysis of certain strong and isolated gamma‐ray lines should yield information about the directionality of the exciting ions. In the work reported here, the shapes and energy shifts of the gamma‐ray lines from the 12C(p,γ4.44)p’1 2C and 16O(p,γ6.13)p’ 16O reactions have been calculated ab initio using standard techniques of nuclear theory. The calculated spectra are compared to laboratory spectra for the carbon line, incoming proton energy 40 meV, and for the oxygen line, Ep=24 and 45 MeV.