gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bitterness-Modifying Properties of Hop Polyphenols Extracted from Spent Hop Material (2008)

A polyphenolic extract was produced from spent Galena hop material and added to a low-bitterness, commercial lager beer at three levels (+0, +100, and +200 mg/L) along with iso-α-acids from a preisomerized Galena hop extract at two levels (+0 and +10 mg/L) to examine the impact on bitterness character by time-intensity (TI) and free-choice profiling (FCP) methods, using 11 trained panelists. Principal components analysis of the TI results separated the samples with higher levels of polyphenols and iso-α-acids from those with lower levels of both based on bitterness duration, maximum intensity, and area under the curve. Samples 10–100 (iso-α-acid/hop polyphenols) and 10–200 were significantly more bitter and had longer duration than the others. A significant effect was found for both iso-α-acids and polyphenols, as well as an interaction for maximum bitterness intensity and area under the curve (P < 0.001). Similarly, the results from the FCP easily separated the treatments by bitterness, lingering bitterness, and astringency. Panelists divided each of the treatments into six distinct groups based on bitterness intensity, five groups based on duration, and two to three groups based on the remaining consensus descriptors (mouthfeel, astringency, and bitterness come-up time). Samples high in polyphenols frequently were given higher intensities for “harsh,” “medicinal,” and “metallic” descriptors.
Mechanisms of iron-induced proximal tubule injury in rat remnant kidney (1995)

The proposition that proximal tubule (PT) iron accumulation may cause PT injury by lysosomal destabilization or reactive oxygen species generation in human and animal chronic renal disease was examined in partially nephrectomized [remnant kidney (RK)] and sham-operated (SO) Wistar rats. Electron microscopic histochemistry with horseradish peroxidase indicated iron uptake into and release from lysosomes. PT cytoplasmic iron was seen in RK but not in SO by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Total (9.66 +/- 1.89 vs. 3.30 +/- 0.31 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.01), low-molecular-weight (1.39 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.91 +/- 0.07; P < 0.001), and catalytic iron (1.88 +/- 0.27 vs. 1.28 +/- 0.09; P = 0.05) were higher in RK cytoplasm than in SO. Lysosomal enzyme activity was greater in RK than in SO [e.g., N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG): 0.75 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.57 +/- 0.06 mumol p-nitrophenol.h-1.mg protein-1; P < 0.05] and was increased further by chronic iron loading (e.g., RK and NAG: 0.84 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.60 +/- 0.07; P < 0.05). There was no enzymatic evidence of lysosomal fragility, and chronic iron loading of RK decreased fragility as assessed by NAG release (1.36 +/- 0.14 vs. 2.17 +/- 0.14; P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Activated Insulin-Reactive CD8 T cells in NOD mice Cause Diabetes. (129.46) (2007)

Abstract We have previously generated highly diabetogenic insulin-reactive CD8 T cell clones designated G9C8 from the NOD mouse. The aim of our study was to investigate T cell selection and activation of CD8 T cells from a TCR transgenic mouse expressing the cloned TCRαβ receptor of the G9C8 clone. The mice were crossed to TCR.Cα−/− mice so that all the T cells express the clonotypic TCR. There was a predominance of CD8+ single positive thymocytes and peripheral CD8 TCR transgenic cells, compared with CD4 T cells. Peripheral lymph node T cells express a naïve phenotype (CD44lo, CD62Lhi). They proliferate to the insulin B15-23 peptide, produce interferon-γ and are cytotoxic to targets coated with the insulin peptide. In vivo, the TCR transgenic mice developed insulitis but surprisingly spontaneous diabetes did not occur. However, the TCR transgenic mice can be induced to develop diabetes on immunization. They will also cause diabetes on adoptive transfer after activation. In summary, these mice provide a good model for studying selection and activation of insulin-reactive CD8 T cells in the NOD mouse.
The Epidemiology of Cholangiocarcinoma (2004)

The incidence rates of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) vary greatly among different areas of the world, and this variation is related to distribution of risk factors. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) have different epidemiological features. Recent data show that the incidence and mortality rates of ICC have been increasing in several areas around the world. On the other hand, the incidence and mortality rates of ECC have been decreasing. For example, in the United States, the age-adjusted incidence rates of ICC increased by 165% from 0.32 per 100,000 in 1975 to 1979 to 0.85 per 100,000 in 1995 to 1999, whereas ECC declined by 14%. In the meantime, there has been very little improvement in long-term survival, which remains dismal (3.5%). Men are affected 1.5 times more than women are, and Asians are affected almost 2 times more than whites and blacks. There are few well-established risk factors for CC, including primary sclerosing cholangitis, liver fluke infestations, hepatolithiasis, Thorotrast exposure, and choledochal cysts. None of these risk factors can explain the recent increasing trends of ICC in the United States. Some data, however, point to a potential role for chronic liver disease, hepatitis C, and probably hepatitis B infections in the development of ICC.
Status quo, issues, and challenges for acupuncture research evidence: an overview of clinical and fundamental studies (2012)

(1) CL CTRD is the key database in searching for published acupuncture clinical RCTs, and thus should be used first. Databases such as MEDLINE, SCI, and CNKI are all indispensable in retrieving acupuncture fundamental RCTs. (2) China leads the world in terms of both clinical and acupuncture fundamental RCTs, but while publication occurs rapidly, there is a lack of high-quality RCTs, suggesting future acupuncture clinical RCTs in China should place a higher emphasis on quality. Further development of acupuncture fundamental studies with little clinical research is a coming challenge for China. The US provides many of the RCTs published in SCI and on-going RCTs registered in WHO-ICTRP. Its small but high-quality publication will increasingly strengthen its impact on acupuncture research. (3) The fact that the top three disease categories of on-going clinical RCTs and of acupuncture fundamental RCTs, respectively, were in accordance with published clinical RCTs indicate that pain, cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, and neuropsychological diseases are major treatment disease categories for acupuncture and also primary development directions for the future. (4) CSRs will achieve synchronized updates with acupuncture clinical RCTs and its influence in guiding acupuncture clinical RCTs will grow clearer day by day. (5) Though registration of on-going RCTs is still in its initial stage and the number of RCTs registered is still relatively small, that the continued operation of the WHO-ICTRP will boost both the number of acupuncture RCTs registered and their quality. Innovation and time in acupuncture methodology will definitely advance the development of acupuncture research, while national and international cooperative programs in acupuncture research need evidence to support their claims throughout the course of project approval to implementation to inspection and acceptance to transformation to follow-up appraisal, in order to supply scientific and transparent research, thus improving credibility and practicality of the results.
Guidelines for Exposure Assessment in Health Risk Studies Following a Nuclear Reactor Accident (2013)

The proposed approach can serve as a basis to optimize the value of radiation dose reconstruction following a nuclear reactor accident.
Interconnection system with single phase IGBT PWM CSI between photovoltaic arrays and the utility line (2002)

The single-phase utility interactive photovoltaic (PV) system, including the insulated-gate bipolar-transistor (IGBT) current-source pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverter with two auxilliary IGBTs is described. The system configuration, its operation, and experimental results which include steady-state characteristics with waveforms are presented. It is shown that the system can supply a utility with maximum power corresponding to the insolation with sinusoidal current waveforms at unity power factor. The modulation index and firing angle are fixed, and there is no need for feedback control. In case of emergency, the system can be instantaneously disconnected from the utility line by turning off all the main IGBTs. Simultaneously, the two auxiliary IGBTs are turned on to let the DC current circulate through these IGBTs, the PV array, and the DC reactor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Contraceptive properties of Danazol. (1976)

The contraceptive properties of Danazol a steroid derivative of eth isterone were investigated in 30 volunteers. The drug was administered for 90 days in daily doses of either 50 100 or 200 mg. There were no pregnancies. Consistent inhibition of ovulation was obtained with the 200 mg dose only. An imbalance in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian activity was not observed. Side effects were minor and relatively infrequent. Regular menstruation was rapdily restored and 3 patients conceived within 3-4 months after cessation of treatment. Further studies of the 100-200 mg regimes are warranted.
Beyond UVM for practical SoC verification (2011)

As the size and complexity of SoC design grow, an efficient and structured verification environment is becoming more important than ever before. It is because many engineers with different knowledge and skills are involved in SoC verification, and they have to deal with different aspects of verification. This paper looks over the diversity of SoC verification and suggests a practical application method of UVM (Universal Verification Methodology) to build an efficient and structured verification environment which meets various requirements of SoC verification. This paper shows standardized and well-organized testbench architecture that includes directory structure of testbench files, and mechanism such as interface and handles across the components. The proposed UVM application method helps testbench developers maintain consistency of testbenches and reduce the quality gap among verification works that are done by multiple verification engineers, by using standardized testbench. It ensures that IP verification engineers do their job independently and the testbenches can be reused in top level verification environment. In addition, it provides a good infrastructure to hardware designers, who have little knowledge about verification languages and methodologies, and who want to write directed test cases only. The proposed method has been validated with a set of reference testbenches developed for an application processor SoC.
Influence of formulation on the efficacy of experimental oil-emulsion Newcastle disease vaccines. (1983)

Twenty-one experimental oil-emulsion vaccines with different emulsifier contents, aqueous-to-oil ratios, and antigen concentrations were compared by immunization of 4-week-old chickens. Vaccines that contained oil-phase (Arlacel 80) and aqueous-phase (Tween 80) emulsifiers induced 2-to-4-fold higher hemagglutination-inhibition titers than vaccines with only the oil-phase emulsifier. The emulsion vaccines containing both emulsifiers were also more stable at 37 C and less viscous than those containing only the oil-phase emulsifier. Vaccines that had different aqueous-to-oil ratios and contained different quantities of allantoic-fluid antigen (1.2% to 50% of the vaccine volume) induced similar protection against challenge, but hemagglutination-inhibition titers were proportional to the amount of antigen added. Vaccines that had different aqueous-to-oil ratios but contained equal amounts of antigen induced similar hemagglutination-inhibition titers and similar protection against challenge.
Review of static and dynamic wireless electric vehicle charging system (2018)

Electrified transportation will help to reduce green-house gas emissions and increasing petrol prices. Electrified transportation demands that a wide variety of charging networks be set up, in a user-friendly environment, to encourage adoption. Wireless electric vehicle charging systems (WEVCS) can be a potential alternative technology to charge the electric vehicles (EVs) without any plug-in problems. This paper outlines the current available wireless power transfer technology for EVs. In addition, it also includes wireless transformer structures with a variety of ferrite shapes, which have been researched. WEVCS are associated with health and safety issues, which have been discussed with the current development in international standards. Two major applications, static and dynamic WEVCS, are explained, and up-to-date progress with features from research laboratories, universities, and industries are recorded. Moreover, future upcoming concepts-based WEVCS, such as “vehicle-to-grid (V2G)” and “in-wheel” wireless charging systems (WCS) are reviewed and examined, with qualitative comparisons with other existing technology.
Graphical analysis of pH-dependent properties of proteins predicted using PROPKA (2011)

The GUI considerably extends the analysis and validation possibilities of the PROPKA approach. The PROPKA GUI can conveniently be used to investigate ionizable groups, and their interactions, of residues with significantly perturbed pKa values or residues that contribute to the stabilization energy the most. Charge-dependent properties can be studied either for a single protein or simultaneously with other homologous structures, which makes it a helpful tool, for instance, in protein design studies or structure-based function predictions. The GUI is implemented as a Tcl/Tk plug-in for VMD, and can be obtained online at http://propka.ki.ku.dk/~luca/wiki/index.php/GUI_Web.
Dermatopathology and immunity in experimental Psoroptes ovis (Acari:Psoroptidae) infestation of naive and previously exposed Hereford cattle. (1986)

Naive and previously exposed young Hereford cattle were infested with Psoroptes ovis and maintained in stanchions for 7 weeks. Skin biopsy samples were examined at 1, 2, 5, and 7 weeks after infestation was induced, compared with those from noninfested control calves, and correlated with changes in the mite populations and development of dermatitis. Gross and microscopic appearance of lesions were qualitatively similar in both groups of infested calves. The lesions occurred early in the previously exposed calves, but progressed slowly, whereas lesions in the naive calves appeared later, but were rapidly progressive. The basic histopathologic pattern was chronic exudative superficial perivascular dermatitis compatible with allergy. The mite populations on the naive calves revealed exponential growth and high fecundity, and reached high population densities, whereas mite populations on previously exposed calves had low growth rates and low fecundity and reached population densities 100 to 1,000 times less than those on naive calves. Seemingly, there was a hypersensitivity to mite antigens. The hypersensitivity response may have been a mechanism by which humoral immunity was delivered to the mite microenvironment and may have contributed to acquired resistance by controlling mite populations. The mechanism of population control seems to be related partially to decreased fecundity of female P ovis.
ABSTRACT: Reduction of &quot;greenhouse gas&quot; emissions through underground CO2 sequestration in Texas oil and gas reservoirs (2000)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Trunk Muscle Recruitment Patterns in Patients With Low Back Pain Enhance the Stability of the Lumbar Spine (2003)

Trunk muscle recruitment patterns in patients with low back pain are different from those in healthy control subjects. The differences are likely to be functional with respect to enhancement of spinal stability in the patients.
[Study on molecular evidence of revision of taxonomic placement of Peucedanum decursivum]. (2006)

P. decursivum belongs to genus Angelica. The scientific name of P. decursivum should be revised as A. decursivum. A. decursivum and P. praeruptorum should be used as crude drug respectively.
The development of a near infrared spectroscopy system and its application for non-invasive monitoring of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation in the newborn infants (1991)

This project had two main objectives. The first of these was to design and construct
a spectroscopic instrument to monitor small changes in optical transmission across an infant's
head at several near infrared wavelengths resulting from changes in the cerebral oxygenation
status. The overall attenuation of light by brain tissue is very high and is dominated by the
scattering properties of the tissue. Hence a major requirement of the instrument was the ability
to measure spectral changes at very low light levels. Once the instrument was available, the
second objective was to convert the measured changes in optical transmission into changes
in the concentration of the naturally occurring chromophores oxyhaemoglobin,
deoxyhaemoglobin and oxidised and reduced cytochrome c oxidase. An important aspect of
the work was that the chromophore concentration measurements should be quantified in non-arbitrary
units.
Medical Physics is, by its nature, highly interdisciplinary and this is reflected in the
introductory chapter which briefly covers the clinical problems, the medical science
background and the technical aspects of monitoring the cerebral oxygenation status of
newborn infants. The second and third chapters examine those constituents of brain tissue
which absorb and scatter light and how the complication of multiple scattering can be dealt
with in performing quantitative spectroscopy.
The fourth and fifth chapters describe the technical details of the instrument design
and construction from the initial step of setting its design specifications to the final testing of
its performance.
The sixth chapter examines the absorption characteristics of the main chromophores
of interest namely oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin and the cytochrome enzymes of the
respiratory chain within the brain cells. A discussion on the interpretation of the redox state
of the respiratory enzymes in terms of the metabolic state of the brain is also included.
The final chapter describes the data analysis methods, the measurement of optical
pathlengths in scattering media and introduces a non-linear modification to the Beer-Lambert
law which improves the accuracy of the spectroscopic measurements in highly scattering
media.
Bone marrow transplantation (1990)

Freedman, Sara RN, MSN, CPNP; Shivnan, Jane RN, BSc, CCRN; Titles, Jenni BSN, CCRN; Klemm, Paula DNSc, RN Author Information
Electron Fractography—A Tool for the Study of Micromechanisms of Fracturing Processes (1965)

Uses of the electron microscope for the study of fracture surfaces and the subsequent formulation of models of fine-scale fracture mechanisms are demonstrated. Electron fractography is shown to be a valuable tool in obtaining a better understanding of fracture and in the analysis of service failures. Various types of fracture surfaces produced by single-cycle overload and by fatigue in various materials are discussed in order to indicate the usefulness of this relatively new tool. The scope of application in the general field of fracture research is indicated.
Fabrication and Characteristics of Self-Aligned ZnO Nanotube and Nanorod Arrays on Si Substrates by Atomic Layer Deposition (2010)

Vertically self-aligned ZnO nanorods and nanotubes are fabricated on Si substrates by atomic layer deposition with the assistance of anodic aluminum oxide at . These nanostructures are equal in height, isolated, and vertical to the Si substrate. With 550 deposition cycles, we can fabricate regular arrays of ZnO nanorods with an average diameter of 70 nm and with a height of 470 nm. In particular, the wall thickness of the nanotubes can be controlled precisely by using the atomic layer deposition approach. The measured wall thickness is after 250 deposition cycles, which yields a growth rate of 0.075 nm/cycle. A polycrystalline structure for both ZnO nanorods and nanotubes was confirmed by a transmission electron microscope and selected area diffraction pattern. Compared with the ZnO films and nanorods, the fabricated ZnO nanotubes exhibit an excellent performance on photoluminescence characteristics due to their larger surface area.
An Automatic Topic Identification Algorithm (2011)

Problem statement: Topic is a stream of words which stands for the content of a text. Knowing the topic of a document can help people to be aware from its content and facilitate their searching process. Approach: This paper proposes an automatic algorithm to identify the topic for a textual document based on the chunks corresponding to each sentences in the document. Results and conclusion: We achieved 86% matching for both total and partial matching in our experimental data sample.
Epstein-Barr virus exploits the normal cell pathway to regulate Rb activity during the immortalisation of primary B-cells. (1996)

Infection of human primary B-lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) drives quiescent cells into continual proliferation and results in the outgrowth of immortal cell lines. This requires re-programming of the mechanisms that, in the absence of appropriate antigenic stimulation, normally prevent the proliferation of B-lymphocytes. Since the Retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and its relatives, p107 and p130, play critical roles in controlling the mammalian cell division cycle, we have investigated the expression and phosphorylation status of these proteins following EBV immortalisation of primary B-lymphocytes. In this report, we show that EBV drives the hyperphosphorylation of pRb. This is achieved by a strategy involving the altered expression of several components of the signal transduction pathway that normally regulates the phosphorylation status of pRb, including the up regulation of a number of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases and the down regulation of a subset of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The net result is the formation of active cyclin-dependent kinase complexes that are capable of phosphorylating and inactivating pRb. The results presented here identify the activation of a normal signal transduction pathway as an important component of the strategy used by EBV to drive cell proliferation.
The beaten path for South African agriculture : preface (2016)

On 8 December 2015, the day before the infamous Nenegate debacle or so-called '9/12' moment, the Agricultural Business Chamber (Agbiz) released a press statement on its outlook for 2016. Agbiz warned of the critical crossroads South Africa has reached, and that 2016 may well be a defining year in terms of the nation's future. Little did we then realise how defining a year 2016 would prove to be, but with no clear outcome as yet. The battle lines in South African politics have been drawn, both on an inter- and intra-political party basis, as we head towards municipal elections in August of this year. Normally secondtier government elections would not be termed defining of the local political power landscape, but these elections will be. Either way, they will impact greatly on the future of South African agriculture.