gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voxel‐based meshing and unit‐cell analysis of textile composites (2003)

Abstract Unit‐cell homogenization techniques are frequently used together with the finite element method to compute effective mechanical properties for a wide range of different composites and heterogeneous materials systems. For systems with very complicated material arrangements, mesh generation can be a considerable obstacle to usage of these techniques. In this work, pixel‐based (2D) and voxel‐based (3D) meshing concepts borrowed from image processing are thus developed and employed to construct the finite element models used in computing the micro‐scale stress and strain fields in the composite. The potential advantage of these techniques is that generation of unit‐cell models can be automated, thus requiring far less human time than traditional finite element models. Essential ideas and algorithms for implementation of proposed techniques are presented. In addition, a new error estimator based on sensitivity of virtual strain energy to mesh refinement is presented and applied. The computational costs and rate of convergence for the proposed methods are presented for three different mesh‐refinement algorithms: uniform refinement; selective refinement based on material boundary resolution; and adaptive refinement based on error estimation. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation With Multiframe-Based Occlusion Handling (2015)

In this paper, an occlusion handling algorithm is presented for motion-compensated frame interpolation (MCFI). The proposed algorithm first estimates the unidirectional motion vector fields (MVFs) between two reference frames in both forward and backward directions. Then, a multiframe-based occlusion detection method is presented to identify the uncovered, covered, and motion ambiguity regions within the intermediate frame plane. Based on the detection results, bidirectional motion vectors of the intermediate frame are assigned accurately from unidirectional MVFs. For bidirectional motion compensation, the conventional overlapped block motion compensation (OMBC) method is improved by adjusting the support weight of each pixel within the overlapped window to suppress the blurring and ghost artifacts. Experimental results show that the proposed method not only provides interpolation results with better subjective visual quality, but can also improve the average peak signal-to-noise ratio of the interpolated frames by up to 1.788 dB, when compared to benchmark algorithms.
Design and Manufacture of Couplings for the Hutton TLP Mooring System (1985)

ABSTRACT The components of the Hutton TLP tension legs are assembled using integral rotary shouldered couplings. This taper threaded coupling was purposed designed to withstand the severe fatigue and high static loads imposed by the environmental and pretension requirements. As no previous work had been undertaken on the design of high strength taper threaded couplings for this application a carefully coordinated design and manufacturing programmer had to be developed. The paper outlines the design and analysis techniques used, together with the testing performed and the results obtained. In addition, the task of ensuring that design requirements were met during manufacture and installation wi11 al so be discussed and solutions, in particular the purpose designed electronic gauging system, described. INTROUCTION Installation of the TLP at the Hutton Field was completed on the 15th July, 1984 with the mooring system's sixteen tension leg assemblies, four at each platform corner, connected to the seabed foundations. The two days of tension leg deployment was the final test for coupling computability when components from three different manufacturing sites were connected together for the first time. A total of 256 joints were "made up" to the prescribed design limits required to ensure satisfactory performance throughout the platform operating life. Proceeding this short installation period was a design process which lasted four years and encompassed extensive analysis and testing. During this time material requirements were pushed to extremes, new attitudes were required in production and new technology introduced into thread gauging practices to enable the manufacture of couplings in accordance with stringent performance requirements. In addition the assembly and make up requirements for this coupling were more demanding than that required for conventional drill collars. MOORING SYSTEM DEFINITION Each tension leg assembly (1) comprises seventeen components as shown in Figure 1. At the upper end of each leg is a tension adjusting assembly which transfers the leg load to the hull structure via the load block assembly. The load path extends down three tension 1eg elements to the crossload bearing which is located at the base of the tension leg shrouds. A further eleven tension leg elements extend below the crossload bearing terminating at the anchor connector which locks into the foundation template. A 75mm bore is provided down the centre of each tension leg to allow hydraulic operation of the anchor connector, this is filled with a corrosion inhibitor which also acts as a couplant for the in service NDE' system. Angular displacement of the tension legs due to the horizontal motion of the platform is accommodated by elastomeric flex joints in the anchor connector and cross load bearing. The seventeen components are connected by integral rotary shouldered screwed couplings as shown in Figure 2.
Nighttime vehicle detection and tracking base on spatiotemporal analysis using RCCC sensor (2017)

With the consciousness of driving safety growing increasingly, traffic and transportation industry have been devoted to developing Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) recently to help drivers observing the variation of the environmental conditions around the vehicle. Monocular camera is the essential sensor in ADAS to capture the information around the vehicle. Therefore, vision based technology is the main methods to detect obstacles. ADB systems typically exploit a camera that detect the front road view, if the system detect preceding vehicles or oncoming vehicles, the distribution of beam will changed to avoid glare other driver's eyes. Consequently, vehicle detection at nighttime condition is the critical part of an ADB system. This study implements a nighttime vehicle detection method exploiting a RCCC sensor to replace Bayer sensor and aim to obtain a better quality of images at night. Candidate region selection is based on spatiotemporal analysis and three global verifications are adopted to reduce the false detecting results. A new adaptive tracking by-detection framework based on structured output prediction is applied with the detection process.
Context caches in the Clouds (2012)

In context-aware systems, the contextual information about human and computing situations has a strong temporal aspect i.e. it remains valid for a period of time. This temporal property can be exploited in caching mechanisms that aim to exploit such locality of reference. However, different types of contextual information have varying temporal validity durations and a varied spectrum of access frequencies as well. Such variation affects the suitability of a single caching strategy and an ideal caching mechanism should utilize dynamic strategies based on the type of context data, quality of service heuristics and access patterns and frequencies of context consuming applications. This paper presents an investigation into the utility of various context-caching strategies and proposes a novel bipartite caching mechanism in a Cloud-based context provisioning system. The results demonstrate the relative benefits of different caching strategies under varying context usage scenarios. The utility of the bipartite context caching mechanism is established both through simulation and deployment in a Cloud platform.
Exact quantum search by parallel unitary discrimination schemes (2008)

We study the unsorted database search problem with items $N$ from the viewpoint of unitary discrimination. Instead of considering the famous $O(\sqrt{N})$ Grover bounded-error algorithm for the original problem, we seek the results for the exact algorithms, i.e., those that succeed with certainty. Under the standard oracle model ${\ensuremath{\sum}}_{j}{(\ensuremath{-}1)}^{{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}j}}|j⟩⟨j|$, we demonstrate a tight lower bound $\frac{2}{3}N+o(N)$ of the number of queries for any parallel scheme with unentangled input states. With the assistance of entanglement, we obtain a general lower bound $\frac{1}{2}(N\ensuremath{-}\sqrt{N})$. We provide concrete examples to illustrate our results. In particular, we show that the case of $N=6$ can be solved exactly with only two queries by using a bipartite entangled input state. Our results indicate that in the standard oracle model the complexity of the exact quantum search with one unique solution can be strictly less than that of the calculation of the OR function.
Silver-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Bromination of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids (2017)

The silver-catalyzed Hunsdiecker bromination of aliphatic carboxylic acids is described. With Ag(Phen)<sub>2</sub>OTf as the catalyst and dibromoisocyanuric acid as the brominating agent, various aliphatic carboxylic acids underwent decarboxylative bromination to provide the corresponding alkyl bromides under mild conditions. This method not only is efficient and general but also enjoys wide functional group compatibility. An oxidative radical mechanism involving Ag(II) intermediates is proposed.
Elimination of IgE regulatory rat CD8+ T cells in vivo increases the co-ordinate expression of Th2 cytokines IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10. (1993)

Immunization of rats with soluble antigen (ovalbumin) and the castor bean toxin, ricin, eliminates a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells which suppress IgE responses in vivo. This treatment also reduces the ability of splenic T cells to produce interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and enhances their capacity to make interleukin-4 (IL-4). In this report we describe the effect of immunization with ricin and antigen on the expression of mRNA for other T-helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines--IL-5 and IL-10--and their relationship to serum IgE and IL-4 mRNA expression. Splenocytes were taken from rats at different times after immunization with antigen or ricin and antigen and activated in vitro with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and ionomycin for 6 hr and total RNA extracted and reverse transcribed. Cytokine gene expression was detected using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Expression of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 was increased 7-20-fold 11 days after immunization with ricin and antigen (from 0.107% to 0.769% beta-actin for IL-4, from 0.0167% to 0.381% beta-actin for IL-5, and from 0.0581% to 0.954% beta-actin for IL-10), and preceded maximum serum IgE levels by 4-5 days. There was no increase in IgE or mRNA for these cytokines in rats immunized with antigen alone. The level of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 expression declined rapidly after 12 days. Our results suggest that immunization with antigen and ricin preferentially induces a Th2 response, and that CD8+ T cells may play a part in down-regulating the development of Th2 T cells.
A new type Cerenkov generator theory and experiment (1963)

Recent technological advances, particularly those in space, are taxing the ingenuity of scientists for the development of r. f. generators with large power outputs and high efficiency. Certain aspects of Cerenkov radiation, heretofore unexplored, seem to offer attractive possibilities for satisfying both of these demands.
Multi-functional On-board Battery Charger for Plug-in Electric Vehicles (2014)

This paper presents a multifunctional onboard battery charger for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). The proposed battery charger consists of three H-bridge modules including a selective switch, a high-frequency transformer, and inductors. The first duty of the proposed charger is to charge the propulsion battery when PEV connects to the ac grid [onboard charger (OBC)]. In this case, the proposed charger plays a role in ac-to-dc converting with power factor correction. Occasionally, the propulsion battery can supply surplus energy to the grid [vehicle to grid (V2G)]. In this second task, the proposed charger acts as an inverter. The third role is to charge the auxiliary battery via the propulsion battery when PEV is in a driving state [low-voltage dc-to-dc converter (LDC)]. In this case, the proposed charger acts as a step-down converter. In conventional PEVs, the aforementioned functions are done by an OBC and an LDC separately. The proposed charger can implement the three tasks by sharing switches and inductors in an all-in-one system. Thus, the proposed approach can realize a small and light design of the EV battery charger, resulting in the improvement of fuel efficiency. After theoretical analysis, we carry out simulations and experiments using a prototype to verify the validity of the proposed approach.
Spline-Based Nonparametric Estimation of the Altimeter Sea-State Bias Correction (2010)

This letter presents a new nonparametric approach, based on spline (SP) regression, for estimating the satellite altimeter sea-state bias (SSB) correction. Model evaluation is performed with models derived from a local linear kernel (LK) smoothing, the method which is currently used to build operational altimeter SSB models. The key reasons for introducing this alternative approach for the SSB application are simplicity in accurate model generation, ease in model replication among altimeter research teams, reduced computational requirements, and its suitability for higher dimensional SSB estimation. It is shown that the SP- and LK-based SSB solutions are effectively equivalent within the data-dense portion, with an offset below 0.1 mm and a rms difference of 1.9 mm for the 2-D (wave height and wind speed) model. Small differences at the 1-5-mm level do exist in the case of low data density, particularly at low wind speed and high sea state. Overall, the SP model appears to more closely follow the bin-averaged SSB estimates.
Automatic language translation for user interfaces (2005)

Translations of user interfaces are an essential part of software development for the World Wide Web. Web pages are translated in three ways: by the developer as part of the normal life cyle, by the community that has a vested interest in the domain, and by machine translation. In this paper, we present an informal evaluation of the quality produced by these three approaches. We discuss the naive notion that language translations can be evaluated by doing to successive translations and evaluating the end result. The rubric used to evaluate the translations is presented.
Reusable Optical Image Storage and Processing Device (1972)

The PROM (Pockels Readout Optical Modulator) described in this paper is a device for storing and processing optical images and information in recyclable, real time operating systems. The device consists of a single active layer of a cubic photosensitive, electrooptic material. ZnS, ZnSe, and Bi(12)SiO(20) devices have been fabricated and characterized demonstrating high writein sensitivity, high resolution, high contrast, high optical and diffraction efficiency, fast recycling times, long storage times, and freedom from fatigue. Operating modes and measured performance parameters are discussed.
Network 21: Bringing the Campus up to Speed (1994)

Did you ever think: that a cellular telephone could save a life? . that you could "go" to the library on computer? . that you could send a document over the telephone? . that your 5th grader would be using e‐mail and communicating in real time with a Russian counterpart?
The DNA Binding Protein BTEB Mediates Acetaldehyde-Induced, Jun N-Terminal Kinase-Dependent αI(I) Collagen Gene Expression in Rat Hepatic Stellate Cells (2000)

Alcohol-induced cirrhosis results partially from the excessive production of collagen matrix proteins, which, predominantly alphaI(I) collagen, are produced and secreted by activated hepatic stellate cells (HSC). The accumulation of alphaI(I) collagen in HSC during cirrhosis is largely due to an increase in alphaI(I) collagen gene expression. Acetaldehyde, the major active metabolite of alcohol, is known to stimulate alphaI(I) collagen production in HSC. However, the mechanisms responsible for it remain unknown. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms by which alphaI(I) collagen gene expression is induced by acetaldehyde in rat HSC. In the present study, the acetaldehyde response element was located in a distal GC box, previously described as the UV response element, in the promoter of the alphaI(I) collagen gene (-1484 to -1476). The GC box was predominantly bound by the DNA binding transcription factor BTEB (basic transcription element binding protein), expression of which was acetaldehyde and UV inducible. Blocking BTEB protein expression significantly reduced the steady-state levels of the acetaldehyde-induced alphaI(I) collagen mRNA, suggesting that BTEB is required for this gene expression. Further studies found that acetaldehyde activated Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) 1 and 2 and activator protein 1 (AP-1) transactivating activity. Inhibition of JNK activation resulted in the reduction of the acetaldehyde-induced BTEB protein abundance and alphaI(I) collagen mRNA levels, indicating that the expression of both genes is JNK dependent in HSC. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that BTEB mediates acetaldehyde-induced, JNK-dependent alphaI(I) collagen gene expression in HSC.
ATP and Energy Charge as Criteria of Growth and Metabolic Activity of Mollicutes: Application to Spiroplasma citri (1979)

Summary: Intracellular ATP concentrations and energy charge were monitored during the growth of Spiroplasma citri and related to the number of colony-forming units, to the pH of the medium and to incorporation of radioactive precursors. Of three different methods used for extracting nucleotides - trichloroacetic acid, perchloric acid and boiling Tris/H2SO4 buffer - the trichloroacetic acid treatment was the most effective. During the active growth phase the ATP concentration increased exponentially, in the same way as other growth parameters. However, as soon as the metabolic activity slowed down, there was a rapid drop of ATP concentration and of total adenylate content, which was followed much later by a parallel decrease in the number of colony-forming units. During active growth, energy charge remained at around 0·9 and decreased only slowly during the stationary phase. Incorporation of labelled thymidine or phenylalanine followed a different pattern during the late phase of the culture and gave less information concerning the viability of the organisms.
Immunological abnormalities in the natural history of HIV infection: mechanisms and clinical relevance. (1992)

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ultimately results in profound immunodeficiency characterized by severe depletion of CD4+ T helper cells. In symptomatic infection a general perturbance of immune function is observed. Here recent insights in the sequence of events in progression to AIDS is reviewed. Following seroconversion a rapid persistent loss of inducible B cell function is observed. In addition, in long term infection, antigen-presenting cell functions of monocytes and dendritic cells are increasingly affected. T-cell non-responsiveness, preceding CD4 cell loss, appears to be induced through several different, sequential mechanisms. In early infection, the in-vivo deletion of memory cells can account for the in-vitro decreased responsiveness. Later on in infection, when the balance between memory and naive T cells is normalized, both CD4 and CD8 cells are non-responsive to nominal antigen and low dose anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies. This anergy is at the level of IL-2 gene expression since early signal transduction events following CD2 and CD2 receptor occupancy are normal. This state of anergy, probably due to inappropriate activation in vivo, may be related to programmed cell death (PCD) observed in vitro for both CD8 and CD4 cells reflecting a systemic interference with maturation and differentiation of T cells. In progression to symptomatic infection, the proportion of non-responsive CD8 cells with immature or activated phenotypes increases and in about fifty percent of the cases, CD4 cell decline may accelerate in association with emergence of syncytium-inducing HIV variants. During this progressive stage, anti-CD3 reactivity is severely decreased, and alloantigen reactivity and finally the capacity to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) are affected. These functional parameters appear useful for staging of HIV-infected individuals and for evaluation of anti-viral therapy.
TiN and TaN as diffusion barriers in metallizations to silicon semiconductor devices (1980)

The role of diffusion barriers in the contact metallurgy of silicon semiconductor devices is to prevent silicon diffusion into the top layer of the metallization. It is shown that TiN and TaN are good diffusion barriers in metallization schemes which consist of a silicide layer for contact to the silicon and a top layer of nickel for soldering purposes. With these diffusion barriers, the contacts are stable under annealing up to 600 °C.
Submillimeter waves research at the russian academy of sciences (1994)

The major peculiarity of works performed on submillimeter waves in Russia is their aiming at development and application of electron monochromatic radiation sources,
Accessing Textual Documents using Compressed Indexes of Arrays of Small Bloom Filters (1987)

A highly compressed index for a collection of variable-sized documents is described. Arrays of small Bloom filters are used to efficiently locate documents where the search probe contains ‘anded’ and ‘ored’ combinations of words. Theoretical and experimental results are reported. The method is applicable to unplanned searching of large text files. We further describe a method to provide an index to the filters. Thus only a small proportion of the compressed filter need be examined. The method is highly amenable to parallel processing.
The uses of personal networked digital imaging (2005)

Developments in networked digital imaging promise to substantially affect the near-universal experience of personal photography. Designing technology for image capture and sharing requires an understanding of how people use photos as well as how they adapt emerging technology to their photographic practices, and vice versa. In this paper, we report on an empirical study of the uses made of a prototype context-aware cameraphone application for mobile media sharing, and relate them to prior work on photographic practices. By reducing many of the barriers to cameraphone use and image sharing (including increasing image quality, easing the sharing process, and removing cost barriers), we find that users quickly develop new uses for imaging. Their innovative communicative uses of imaging are understandable in terms of the social uses identified from prior photographic activity; new functional uses are developing as well.
Preparation and Characterization of the C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>COOH-Graphite Intercalation Compound (2013)

The graphite intercalation compound with easy low temperature exfoliated and high exfoliated volume was prepared by chemical oxidation method using natural graphite flakes, C 2 H 5 COOH, FeCl 3 and CrO 3 as raw materials, according to the mass ratio of 1:2.8:0.3:0.2. The expansion volume of gra Subscript text phite intercalation compounds was 320 mL•g -1 at 300°C and achieved biggest 580 mL•g -1 at 700°C. The composition, structure and properties of the graphite intercalation compound were characterized and analyzed by SEM, FTIR, XRD, TG, DSC, VSM techniques. Results showed that the intercalant of graphite sandwich were C 2 H 5 COO - and FeCl 3 .