gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BMS-189453, a Novel Retinoid Receptor Antagonist, Is a Potent Testicular Toxin (2001)

BMS-189453 is a synthetic retinoid that acts as an antagonist at retinoic acid receptors alpha, beta, and gamma. In Sprague Dawley rats at daily oral doses of 15, 60, or 240 mg/kg for 1 month, BMS-189453 produced increases in leukocyte counts, alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels, and marked testicular degeneration and atrophy at all doses. Significant overt signs of toxicity and deaths occurred at 240 mg/kg, whereas body-weight and food-consumption decreases occurred at 60 and 240 mg/kg. When BMS-189453 was administered to male rats at daily doses ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg/kg for 1 week, only minimal testicular changes occurred at all doses, shortly after the dosing period. However, after a 1-month drug-free observation period, marked testicular atrophy was evident at all doses. BMS-189453 was then administered at doses of 2, 10, or 50 mg/kg to male rats for 1, 3, or 7 consecutive days. Dose- and duration-dependent testicular toxicity that occurred after a 1-month observation period did not recover, and, in some cases, was more severe 4 months after the last dose. In rabbits administered BMS-189453 at oral doses of 2, 10, or 50 mg/kg for 1 week, testicular degeneration and atrophy were evident in the high-dose group at 1 month following treatment. These studies indicate that retinoid antagonists can selectively produce progressive and prolonged testicular toxicity after single or repeated oral doses that are otherwise well tolerated.
Development of an Improved Ground-based Prototype of Space Plant-growing Facility (2007)

Objective To develop an improved prototype making its operating principle adapt to the space microgravity enviroment better, based on the ground-based prototype of a space plant-growing facility. Methods With the experience of the development of a first-generation prototype of the space plant-growing facility and detailed demonstration and design of technique plan, its blueprint design and machining of related components, whole facility installation, debugging and trial operations were done. Results The atmospheric environmental parameters in the growing chamber and water content in the growing media were totally and effectively controlled;the operating principles of temperature and humidity control,collection of cooled water and supply of plant nutrient can meet nearly the requirements of space microgravity environment.Conclusion The entire systematic design of the facility is reasonable and the key techniques relating to plant growing in space are nearly solved,which lays an important foundation for future development of the space plant-growing facility to be tested and applied in space.
Learning Robot Objectives from Physical Human Interaction (2017)

When humans and robots work in close proximity, physical interaction is inevitable. Traditionally, robots treat physical interaction as a disturbance, and resume their original behavior after the interaction ends. In contrast, we argue that physical human interaction is informative: it is useful information about how the robot should be doing its task. We formalize learning from such interactions as a dynamical system in which the task objective has parameters that are part of the hidden state, and physical human interactions are observations about these parameters. We derive an online approximation of the robot’s optimal policy in this system, and test it in a user study. The results suggest that learning from physical interaction leads to better robot task performance with less human effort.
Methylenedioxyphenyl insecticide synergists as potential human health hazards. (1976)

The effects of methylenedioxyphenyl insecticide synergists on human health arise, not from their intrinsic toxicity which is relatively low, but from their dual effect on the oxidative detoxication or intoxication processes of the body. They are able to inhibit these reactions by two mechanisms. They are substrates for mixed function oxidation and, thus, compete with other xenobiotics for available enzyme, and an intermediate in their metabolism is able to bind with cytochrome P-450 to form an inactive complex which absorbs maximally at 455 nm. In addition, they are able to activate xenobiotic metabolism by induction (the increased synthesis and retention) of microsomal oxidative enzymes. Evidence for these effects is presented, including spectroscopic and enzyme kinetic data. Correlations with existing in vivo observations are outlined. The inhibition and induction of cytochrome P-450, the central enzyme in the metabolism of xenobiotics, thus provides the focus for consideration of methylenedioxyphenyl synergists as potential hazards.
HLA-G inhibits the functions of murine dendritic cells via the PIR-B immune inhibitory receptor (2002)

Human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is an MHC class Ib molecule that has been proposed to regulate immune responses during pregnancy. One of the possible mechanisms of that modulation is based on its interaction with immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) receptors. In this study, we show that HLA-G modifies the function of murine dendritic cells via interactions with the paired immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptor, a homologue of the human inhibitory receptor ILT4. Triggering of the immune inhibitory receptors resulted in prolongation of allogeneic graft survival. This demonstration forms the basis for exploring and exploiting HLA-G molecules and immune inhibitory receptors in the development of a new therapeutic strategy to improve allogeneic graft survival.
Leading article: Appropriate accounting procedures to control costs on major projects (1986)

The President's Task Committee Report on the MWD Review of Major Works, Dunedin District October 1983, makes reference to the necessity of suitable accounting procedures being adopted to enable section supervisors to keep up to date on any cost overruns and to exert budgetary control of the project.
Handwritten character recognition employing topology, cross correlation, and decision theory (1966)

This paper describes a pattern recognition method in which a nonlinear comparison is made between the topological and shape properties of an unknown character and standards determined in a learning phase. Each character is expressed as a vector. The dimensions of the vectors are the points defining the character in the order they are encountered. The coordinates are the complex coordinates of the points in the 2-dimensional grid system being used. The unknown is compared with each standard of the same topological type by measuring the vector distance between them. From this measurement and associated conditional probability factors, the probability that the unknown is of the class of the standard is determined, utilizing the Bayes rule. The standard yielding the highest probability identifies the unknown. The necessary factors to utilize the Bayes rule were determined from a set of 26 samples of each of the characters 1,…, 9, 0. 260 additional samples were then tested of which 98.5 percent were recognized correctly, 0.0 percent were not recognized, and 1.5 percent were recognized incorrectly, thus indicating the validity of the system. It is also concluded that proper selection of features to be compared is much more important than highly precise statistical calculations on the features.
The Ubiquitin Receptor DA1 Regulates Seed and Organ Size by Modulating the Stability of the Ubiquitin-Specific Protease UBP15/SOD2 in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2014)

Although the control of organ size is a fundamental question in developmental biology, little is known about the genetic and molecular mechanisms that determine the final size of seeds in plants. We previously demonstrated that the ubiquitin receptor DA1 acts synergistically with the E3 ubiquitin ligases DA2 and ENHANCER1 OF DA1 (EOD1)/BIG BROTHER to restrict seed growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Here, we describe UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE15 (UBP15), encoded by SUPPRESSOR2 OF DA1 (SOD2), which acts maternally to regulate seed size by promoting cell proliferation in the integuments of ovules and developing seeds. The sod2/ubp15 mutants form small seeds, while overexpression of UBP15 increases seed size of wild-type plants. Genetic analyses indicate that UBP15 functions antagonistically in a common pathway with DA1 to influence seed size, but does so independently of DA2 and EOD1. Further results reveal that DA1 physically associates with UBP15 in vitro and in vivo and modulates the stability of UBP15. Therefore, our findings establish a genetic and molecular framework for the regulation of seed size by four ubiquitin-related proteins DA1, DA2, EOD1, and UBP15 and suggest that they are promising targets for increasing seed size in crops.
Flexible modular robotics link design (2002)

A modular robotic link joint was designed for customized n DOF robot preparation. It was observed that a 6 DOF robot is capable of doing general tasks, but in real world industries the tasks are very specific-where in many cases the 6 DOF are redundant as well as cost intensive. Furthermore, the robot flexibility cannot be achieved by changing the program alone. The mechanical means of reconfiguring robot type must be done in parallel to program change for desired application. Keeping in mind with the flexibility of specific robot for specific tasks, a new modular robotic link joint was designed. This modular robotic is a set of link joint, adapter, reducer and motor bracket module that can be assembled and reassembled to make a chain of kinematics structure for any type of robot classification of n DOF. A few things need to be considered when preparing such a module: (i) the minimum variation of shape and form; (ii) the module size variation to tailor payload and structural requirement; (iii) to decouple the reducer and critical component for improving the robot performance; and (iv) method for user selection of robot. This unique piece of mechanical combination has the capability of changing its link length, configuration, motor power, reduction ratio and mechanical interface to another piece of such a set. The cost and performance of this mechanically flexible configuration and n DOF "specific robot for specific tasks" will be excellent related to commercially available robots. Moreover, the troubleshooting, maintenance and performance improvement of this robot will be simple.
Interface issues in displaying graphics and video on high resolution flat panel displays (2002)

As the PC market is poised to migrate rapidly from bulky CRTs to thin flat panel display (FPD) monitors, a number of interface issues must be resolved to enable and accelerate this transition. This paper addresses a few, but major FPD interface issues, including numerous signal wires, high clock speeds, and lack of a standard interface which prohibits interoperability for plug-and-play.
Kaposiʼs sarcoma as a sexually transmissible infection: an analysis of Australian AIDS surveillance data (1993)

The epidemiological characteristics of KS among people with AIDS in Australia are broadly consistent with those reported from the United States and Europe. This provides further evidence that KS may be caused by a sexually transmissible infectious agent. The nature of the infectious agent and its mode of transmission have yet to be determined.
Reference Review (1991)

Journal Article Reference Review Get access Alan A. Solomon, Alan A. Solomon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven A. Mussett Steven A. Mussett Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Music Therapy Perspectives, Volume 9, Issue 1, 1991, Pages 10–16, https://doi.org/10.1093/mtp/9.1.10 Published: 01 January 1991
Elecciones en Israel: sólo perdedores (2009)

El autor analiza los resultados de las elecciones parlamentarias en Israel, sus causas y sus implicaciones internas e internacionales.\n\nIsrael es una vibrante democracia pero su sistema electoral y la ausencia de una Constitución han creado un vacío que condena a este país a una permanente inestabilidad política, que ha desprestigiado a su clase política y que afecta la gobernabilidad del país y su capacidad de acción, sobre todo respecto a la reconducción del proceso de paz palestino-israelí, con graves implicaciones para la estabilidad de Oriente Próximo, así como en la posición de Israel en el sistema internacional. La posible integración de un gobierno que dependerá de la derecha ultranacionalista podría colocar a Israel en vía de colisión con la comunidad internacional.
Computer education in two-year institutions (1973)

This is a personal opinion paper, loaded with obvious prejudices and unsupported charges and claims. As such, it is more fitting that it be presented at Union Square to a convention of rabble-rousers than as an argument to the SIGCSE. The positions may be personal and biased, but they are deeply and dearly held by the author (a very sensitive soul) and were acquired over many years of creating the ills he is now trying to dis-own. It is also important to note that these views are not shared throughout his department and certainly not throughout his university.
Development of a multiplex PCR approach for the identification of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains and their major virulence factor genes (2003)

The ability to identify STEC bacteria and the majority of their virulence gene markers, including four variants of Shiga toxin, as well as the differentiation of O157:H7 from non-O157 isolates represents a considerable advancement over other PCR-based methods for rapid characterization of STEC.
A suction retriever to expedite recovery of colonic polyps (1987)

An inexpensive, simple device which may be used to expedite colonoscopic retrieval of small polyps is described.
355. Triethylenediamine (1 : 4-diazabicyclo[2 : 2 : 2]octane) and hexaethylenetetramine. Part III. The interaction of 2 : 2′ : 2″-trichlorotriethylamine hydrochloride and dimethylamine (1957)

F. G. Mann and F. C. Baker, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 1881 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570001881
Reclaiming storage in an object oriented platform supporting extended C++ and Objective-C applications (2002)

This paper describes the experience obtained from the conception and implementation of a system for garbage collection in the INESC Comandos platform. The garbage collector is presently being used not only by applications written in C++ but also in Objective-C (both with some minor restrictions) since both languages are supported by the platform. In order to reclaim the memory used by objects, two algorithms were implemented: stop and copy with multiple generations and an incremental mark and sweep. The generational copying algorithm reduces drastically the time used to reclaim old objects when compared with a non-generational version. Besides these two algorithms, another one was developed in order to reclaim non-object memory (usually strings). This memory can be explicitly created by the programmer or by the communication subsystem in order to support distributed invocations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Properties of Action Potentials from Insect Motor Nerve Fibres (1970)

ABSTRACT The properties of nerve action potentials in small insect motor nerves were studied using extracellular recording electrodes. A length of nerve was lifted out of solution and recordings were made with respect to the solution either from an intact nerve (triphasic recording) or from near a cut end of the nerve (monophasic recording). In a cockroach nerve, the number of spontaneously active fibres was small enough that corresponding nerve fibres could be identified in each preparation by their action potential amplitude and their pattern of activity. Under controlled conditions, the absolute amplitudes of either monophasic or triphasic records were reproducible and could be used to calculate fibre diameter. The calculations were confirmed from histological sections of the nerve. Conduction velocity varied approximately as the 0·78 power of fibre diameter in a cockroach nerve and as 0·7 power of fibre diameter in a locust nerve. These values are considerably larger than the square root relation predicted if membrane properties are independent of fibre diameter. Membrane properties probably vary with fibre diameter since the action potential duration increases dramatically for fibres below 5 μ in diameter. For the cockroach nerve systematic structural differences between fibres of different sizes are also seen with the electron microscope and the relation of these to the functional differences is considered.
A Commentary on Morphological and Quantitative Aspects of Microparticle Translocation Across the Gastrointestinal Mucosa (1995)

It is now generally accepted that particulates in the nano-range (< 1 micron) can and do cross the intestinal mucosa. However, the issue is less well resolved for particles in the micro-range (> 1 micron) and this is discussed in relation to the variety of experimental designs present in the literature. Emphasis is placed on the relative contributions of quantitative bulk tissue analysis with respect to qualitative and quantitative morphological analysis. The discussion is extended to observations on factors influencing the particle translocation process including variation in particle uptake in relation to intestinal region and time post-dose administration based on data for uptake of -2 microns latex particles by rat Peyer's patch tissue. Although a significant body of data now identifies the intestinal processus of particle translocation it is underlined that discrepancies may arise as a consequence of different analytical approaches and that this is an issue to be addressed for valid comparisons of data.
An Economic Valuation of South Dakota Wetlands as a Recreation Resource for Resident Hunters (1986)

Abstract Economic valuation questionnaires were mailed to a one percent random sample of the 1982 licensed resident hunters in South Dakota. Responses to willingness-to-pay (consumers' surplus) questions were used to measure the monetary value of South Dakota wetlands as a recreational resource for resident hunters. The total consumers' surplus value for waterfowl, upland, big game, and predator hunting on wetland habitats in South Dakota during 1982 was estimated to be $34 million. Consumers' surplus estimates were discounted at the social discount rate and converted to values per square hectare of wetland. The average discounted value of $813 per ha of wetland compared favorably with reclaimed wetlands used for agriculture in two of the state's three geographic regions.
Reaction of wild crucifers to<i>Leptosphaeria maculans</i>, the causal agent of blackleg of crucifers (1999)

Cotyledons, leaves, and stems of the wild crucifers Arabidopsis thaliana, Diplotaxis muralis, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, and Raphanus raphanistrum and cotyledons and leaves of Sisymbrium loeselii were inoculated with pycnidiospores of an aggressive isolate of Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of blackleg of crucifers. All species except R. raphanistrum expressed a high level of resistance to L. maculans; the resistance was characterized by rapid cell death, tissue browning, and lignin deposition. In R. raphanistrum, the reaction of cotyledons and leaves ranged from a hypersensitive-like response to extensive tissue collapse and necrosis comparable to that observed in susceptible Brassica napus cv. Westar; stem tissue of R. raphanistrum, however, was highly resistant to L. maculans. The fungus was recovered from necrotic cotyledon and leaf tissue of all the wild crucifers 10 and 20 days postinoculation, respectively, and from stem tissue of D. muralis around the point of inoculation 40 days postinoculation.
How to Interpret an Anonymous Bacterial Genome: Machine Learning Approach to Gene Identification (1998)

In this report we address the problem of accurate statistical modeling of DNA sequences, either coding or noncoding, for a bacterial species whose genome (or a large portion) was sequenced but not yet characterized experimentally. Availability of these models is critical for successful solution of the genome annotation task by statistical methods of gene finding. We present the method, GeneMark-Genesis, which learns the parameters of Markov models of protein-coding and noncoding regions from anonymous bacterial genomic sequence. These models are subsequently used in the GeneMark and GeneMark.hmm gene-finding programs. Although there is basically one model of a noncoding region for a given genome, several models of protein-coding region are automatically obtained by GeneMark-Genesis. The diversity of protein-coding models reflects the diversity of oligonucleotide compositions, particularly the diversity of codon usage strategies observed in genes from one and the same genome. In the simplest and the most important case, there are just two gene models-typical and atypical ones. We show that the atypical model allows one to predict genes that escape identification by the typical model. Many genes predicted by the atypical model appear to be horizontally transferred genes. The early versions of GeneMark-Genesis were used for annotating the genomes of Methanoccocus jannaschii and Helicobacter pylori. We report the results of accuracy testing of the full-scale version of GeneMark-Genesis on 10 completely sequenced bacterial genomes. Interestingly, the GeneMark.hmm program that employed the typical and atypical models defined by GeneMark-Genesis was able to predict 683 new atypical genes with 176 of them confirmed by similarity search.
Increased macrophage subset in inflammatory bowel disease: apparent recruitment from peripheral blood monocytes. (1994)

Mucosal specimens from active Crohn's disease (ileum, n = 6; colon, n = 6), active ulcerative colitis (n = 9), normal ileum (n = 6), and normal colon (n = 6) were subjected to paired immunofluorescence staining for characterisation of macrophage subsets in situ. In the normal state, only few CD68+ macrophages (< 10%) expressing the myelomonocytic L1 antigen (calprotectin) were seen. In inflamed mucosa, especially near small vessels, the CD68+L1+ fraction increased with the degree of inflammation, near ulcers to median 65% (range 35-91%). Cells reactive with the monoclonal antibody RFD7 were also increased in inflammation but less than 5% of them costained for L1 antigen. It is concluded that L1 producing macrophages are distinct from the RFD7+ subset and probably recently recruited from peripheral blood monocytes. Like granulocytes, L1+ macrophages may be important in non-specific defence, providing calprotectin with putative anti-microbial and anti-proliferative properties.
The Ndc80p Complex from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Contains Conserved Centromere Components and Has a Function in Chromosome Segregation (2001)

We have purified a complex from Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the spindle components Ndc80p, Nuf2p, Spc25p, and Spc24p. Temperature-sensitive mutants in NDC80, SPC25, and SPC24 show defects in chromosome segregation. In spc24-1 cells, green fluorescence protein (GFP)-labeled centromeres fail to split during spindle elongation, and in addition some centromeres may detach from the spindle. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show an association of all four components of the complex with the yeast centromere. Homologues of Ndc80p, Nuf2p, and Spc24p were found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and GFP tagging showed they were located at the centromere. A human homologue of Nuf2p was identified in the expressed sequence tag database. Immunofluorescent staining with anti-human Nuf2p and with anti-HEC, the human homologue of Ndc80p, showed that both proteins are at the centromeres of mitotic HeLa cells. Thus the Ndc80p complex contains centromere-associated components conserved between yeasts and vertebrates.