gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Concatenated Zigzag Codes and Their Decoding Schemes (2004)

In this letter, we show that a concatenated zigzag code can be viewed as a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. Based on the bipartite graph representation for such a parallel-concatenated code, various sum-product based decoding algorithms are introduced and compared. The results show that the improved versions of sum-product algorithm exhibit better convergence rate while maintaining the essential parallel form.
Flow cytometry and the future of vaccine development (2009)

Vaccine research increasingly aims to understand the fundamental mechanisms of protection afforded by licensed and candidate vaccines. Historically, nearly all licensed vaccines have relied on measures of humoral immunity to provide correlates of protection, but cellular immunity is important for protection afforded by some vaccines and will be required for vaccines against TB and malaria. Common means of assessing vaccine-induced immune responses include measuring the frequency and functions of antigen-specific lymphocytes. While diverse assays can provide this information, flow cytometry is unique in its ability to simultaneously report other features of antigen-specific cellular responses. Here, we review the application of flow cytometry to characterizing three areas of immune responses to vaccines or diseases. First, analysis of cellular (T-cell) responses is more mature: polychromatic flow cytometric analysis of T-cell function has already yielded important insight into correlates of protection. Second, antibody and antigen-specific B-cell detection by flow cytometry are being actively developed; to date, these assays are not yet widely used. Finally, flow cytometry can also be used to analyze the contribution of innate immunity to vaccine efficacy and disease pathogenesis.
Multiple Edge Responses for Fast and Accurate System Simulations (2006)

Fast and accurate simulation of the system response is important in high-speed I/O system design because performance is severely limited by channel ISI and random noise. This paper presents a novel way to simulate the signal response given an arbitrary bit pattern using multiple edge responses (MER). The presented method provides an accuracy improvement over the traditional approaches which either uses the superposition of single bit response (SBR) or double edge response (DER), while maintaining the equivalent numerical efficiency
An interleaving and load sharing method for multiphase LLC converters (2013)

Interleaving frequency-controlled LLC resonant converters will encounter load-sharing problem due to the tolerance of the resonant components. In this paper, full-wave and half-wave switch-controlled capacitors (SCCs) are used in LLC stages to solve this problem. By using resonant capacitance as a control variable, the output current can be modulated even when all the LLC stages are synchronized at the same switching frequency. A design procedure is developed. A 600W prototype is built to verify the feasibility.
A GIS based information integration framework for dynamic vehicle routing and scheduling (2003)

This paper describes a framework for integrating information for dynamic vehicle routing and scheduling using GIS and intelligent transport system (ITS). A description of the types of information required for its application in freight transportation is presented. The integration framework introduced here aims to accommodate both geographic features and traffic information within one seamlessly articulated environment. The systems structure as well as implementation with embedded GIS is described. A local courier service operation is used as a case study to demonstrate the potential of such a system.
A Spotlight on Lack of Evidence Supporting the Integration of Blended Learning in K-12 Education (2019)

In an effort to highlight the need for, and lack of, quality empirical research in K-12 blended learning environments, this systematic narrative review investigated and reported on the quantity and quality of recent empirical research in K-12 blended learning, published between 2009 and February 2017. In addition to assessing the quality and scope of these studies, the effectiveness of blended learning environments on learning outcomes and potential contributing variables were discussed. Eleven articles were identified and found to meet the inclusionary criteria and measures of quality set by this review, extending the corpus of 5 articles identified by a previous 2009 meta-analysis commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education to 16. Mixed findings regarding the benefit of blended learning in a K-12 setting were reported across the literature, thereby highlighting the need for more extensive research in this domain.
Kinetics of the Oxidation of Styrene Catalyzed by Palladium Salts in Aqueous Tetrahydrofuran Solution (1966)

塩化パラジウムにより接触されるスチレンの酸化において, 求核試薬のα-炭素およびβ-炭素への攻撃の選択性に影響をおよぼす種々の因子について速度論的に検討した。テトラヒドロフラン-過塩素酸水溶液中,窒素雰囲気下,14～52℃の範囲で,パラジウム塩とp - ベンゾキノンの共存下でスチレンを酸化した。ピリジンで反応を止めた後, 未反応スチレンと生成カルボニル化合物の濃度をガスクロマトグラフィーで定量した。反応速度は塩化パラジウムとスチレンの濃度にそれぞれ1次, p-ベンゾキノンの濃度に0次である。一方, 反応速度はp - ベンゾキノンの初濃度が増すと直線的に減少することがわかった。アセトフェノンの生成速度定数の対数は酸度関数に比例するが,フェニルアセトアルデヒドの生成速度は酸度関数にほとんど無関係である。反応はクロリドイオンにより強く妨害されるが,この傾向はフェニルアセトアルデヒドよりもアセトフェノンの方が著しい。そこで, アセトフェノンとフェニルアセトアルデヒドは同一の中間体から単なる競争反応で生成するのではないと考えられる。活性化エネルギーは16.4kcal/mol であった。反応経路について推定した。
Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials in Bone Tissue Engineering (2014)

In the biomedical field, remarkable advancements have been made in artificial biomaterials for treating bone loss or defects. A variety of synthetic polymers, natural polymers and bioceramics are being used to develop artificial bones. Many natural and synthetic biomaterials, which are being investigated for their physiochemical role in vivo, are currently in the clinical trial stage. Carbon-based prostheses are promising materials that mimic the natural function of bone, e.g., mechanical strength. Recently, carbon-based bone materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have been widely investigated as potential solutions to several biomedical problems. This review summarizes the biophysicochemical and biomedical properties of carbon nanomaterials composed of polymer and ceramic structures and discusses their functionality in bone tissue engineering.
Selenium Content of Field Crops Grown on Selenite‐Treated Soils<sup>1</sup> (1973)

Abstract Experiments were conducted to determine the potential for using soil application of Se to prevent Se deficiency in livestock and to determine how long a single application of Se might be effective. Sodium selenite was added to soil at rates of 2.24 and 4.48 kg/ha of Se in five different fields. The fields were cropped to corn ( Zea mays L.), oats ( Avena sativa L.), and/or various forage crops for 4 years following application. Selenium concentrations in the crops over the 4 years were usually maintained at levels (>0.1 ppm Se) that would have protected animals that consumed these crops from Se‐deficiency diseases. The highest Se concentrations were below generally accepted limits for acute Se toxicity. Plant analysis appears to be more useful than soil analysis for monitoring this practice.
Nitration by aroyl nitrates (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitration by aroyl nitratesMichael E. Kurz, Lin Tien A. Yang, Edward P. Zahora, and Richard C. AdamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 13, 2271–2277Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00953a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00953a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views338Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulatory Innovation and Drug Development for Early-Stage Alzheimer's Disease (2013)

The focus of drug development in Alzheimer's disease has increasingly been on earlier disease stages, before overt dementia, when it is difficult to assess cognitive impairment. The FDA has now developed guidance for the design and execution of relevant clinical trials.
The Design and Experimental Development of Air Scanning Using a Sniffer Quadcopter (2019)

This study presents a detailed analysis of an air monitoring development system using quadcopters. The data collecting method is based on gas dispersion investigation to pinpoint the gas source location and determine the gas concentration level. Due to its flexibility and low cost, a quadcopter was integrated with air monitoring sensors to collect the required data. The analysis started with the sensor placement on the quadcopter and their correlation with the generated vortex. The reliability and response time of the sensor used determine the duration of the data collection process. The dynamic nature of the environment makes the technique of air monitoring of topmost concern. The pattern method has been adapted to the data collection process in which area scanning was marked using a point of interest or grid point. The experiments were done by manipulating a carbon monoxide (CO) source, with data readings being made in two ways: point source with eight sampling points arranged in a square pattern, and non-point source with 24 sampling points in a grid pattern. The quadcopter collected data while in a hover state with 10 s sampling times at each point. The analysis of variance method (ANOVA) was also used as the statistical algorithm to analyze the vector of gas dispersion. In order to tackle the uncertainty of wind, a bivariate Gaussian kernel analysis was used to get an estimation of the gas source area. The result showed that the grid pattern measurement was useful in obtaining more accurate data of the gas source location and the gas concentration. The vortex field generated by the propeller was used to speed up the accumulation of the gas particles to the sensor. The dynamic nature of the wind caused the gas flow vector to change constantly. Thus, more sampling points were preferred, to improve the accuracy of the gas source location prediction.
Hepatitis B Virus X Protein Stimulates Viral Genome Replication via a DDB1-Dependent Pathway Distinct from That Leading to Cell Death (2005)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X protein (HBx) is essential for virus infection and has been implicated in the development of liver cancer associated with chronic infection. HBx can interact with a number of cellular proteins, and in cell culture, it exhibits pleiotropic activities, among which is its ability to interfere with cell viability and stimulate HBV replication. Previous work has demonstrated that HBx affects cell viability by a mechanism that requires its binding to DDB1, a highly conserved protein implicated in DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. We now show that an interaction with DDB1 is also needed for HBx to stimulate HBV genome replication. Thus, HBx point mutants defective for DDB1 binding fail to complement the low level of replication of an HBx-deficient HBV genome when provided in trans, and one such mutant regains activity when directly fused to DDB1. Furthermore, DDB1 depletion by RNA interference specifically compromises replication of wild-type HBV, indicating that HBx produced from the viral genome also functions in a DDB1-dependent fashion. We also show that HBx in association with DDB1 acts in the nucleus and stimulates HBV replication mainly by enhancing viral mRNA levels, regardless of whether the protein is expressed from the HBV genome itself or supplied in trans. Interestingly, whereas HBx induces cell death in both HepG2 and Huh-7 hepatoma cell lines, it enhances HBV replication only in HepG2 cells, suggesting that the two activities involve distinct DDB1-dependent pathways.
Lower Cretaceous Palaeogeography of North-West Europe (1966)

Abstract The Lower Cretaceous Palaeogeography of the British Isles and surrounding areas is postulated from micropalaeontological and stratigraphical evidence and its implications discussed.
A Technique For Estimating System-Wide Phasors In Real Time (1997)

The objective of this study is to investigate the application of Synchronized Phasor Measurement techniques in real time estimation of power system phasors. The WSCC System is a very large power system network constituted by a number of electric utilities and power companies. The system was analyzed and equivalents developed to suit the purpose of this project. Using these equivalents, the system was simulated for various contingencies to analyze its behavior. The purpose is to develop a technique for estimating the voltage phasors at all major substation buses of the system from a limited number of available real time phasors at a fixed set of substations. The system load flow was computed for various possible loading situations. Various loading patterns were created around a base summer time load flow case. Using the results from these computations, an empirical relationship was developed between phasors from a fixed set of locations and the unknown phasors at the rest of the system buses.
Rectangular double-clad fibre laser with two-end-bundledpump (1996)

The two ends of an Nd-doped rectangular double-clad fibre are bundled together to achieve efficient matching with a 10 W fibre coupled LD. With such a configuration, ~5.4 W pump light is launched into the first-cladding, and 2.5 W laser output is obtained. A slope efficiency of 51% with respect to launched pump power has been achieved.
Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Monomers with Aluminum Triflate (2005)

Abstract A green method for the controlled synthesis of aliphatic polymers is presented. The ring‐opening polymerizations of cyclic monomers including several lactones, such as caprolactone (CL) or pentadecalactone (PDL), and cyclic anhydride monomers, such as succinic anhydride (SUC) and tetrahydrofuran (THF), catalyzed by a series of metal triflates (trifluoromethanesulfonate) were studied. Aluminum triflate was found to be an advantageous candidate to catalyze the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic monomers. The details of the ring‐opening polymerization of CL catalyzed by aluminum triflate were studied. The maximum number average molecular weight ( M n ), polydispersity ( M w / M n ) and yield of the obtained poly(‐caprolactone) (PCL) at 60 °C for 6 hours were 18,400, 1.94 and 89 wt%, respectively. Those of poly(pentadecalactone) (PPDL) at 100 °C for 6 hours were 12,400, 2.24 and 49 wt%, respectively. The M n , M w / M n and yield of the obtained poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) from SUC and THF at 100 °C for 48 hours were 4,900, 2.03 and 84 wt%, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanism of the polymerization was discussed based on the relationship between the conversion of CL and time. The molecular weight buildup of PCL was linear with a conversion in 50 min before the conversion reached 100 % and with M w / M n stabilized at about 1.5. The M w / M n of PCL then gradually increased. From these data, a living polymerization with a small transesterification was suggested from the PCL polymerization by aluminum triflate.
<b>Ion Exchange.</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon Exchange.Jack E. PowellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 5, 650Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00888a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00888a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO (1996)

### SUICIDE MADE ATTRACTIVE.

SIR,—A delightful voyage by an Australian liner was marred two days before we reached Colombo by two suicides. One victim was a steerage passenger 27 years of age; the other a hypersensitive cultured young Oxford graduate. The Oxford man had thrown himself with zeal into all the busy idleness of shipboard …
Singular Value Assignment (2009)

We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a matrix F such that the singular values of $A+BF$ are the prescribed values. We also give a simple algorithm to compute F if the prescribed values satisfy the condition.
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of polynucleosomes causes relaxation of chromatin structure. (1982)

When rat pancreatic polynucleosomes were poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated with purified calf thymus poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and examined by electron microscopy, a relaxation of their native zigzag structure was observed. At high ionic strengths control nucleosomes condensed into 250-A-thick fibers, but poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated polynucleosomes did not; they showed a close resemblance to chromatin depleted of histone H1. The relaxed state of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ated polynucleosomes was also confirmed by sedimentation velocity analysis. Histone H1 was found to be the major histone acceptor of poly(ADP-ribose). Poly(ADP-ribose) linked to histone H1 did not seem to cause its dissociation from the chromatin, but it impaired significantly its effect on chromatin condensation.
An Electropneumatic Instrument for Measuring and Controlling the Pressures in the Cuffs of Tracheal Tubes: ‘The Cardiff Cuff Controller’ (1985)

An instrument has been developed for measuring and controlling the pressures in the cuffs of tracheal tubes. It was devised to protect the trachea from high cuff pressure and to prevent aspiration past the cuff.
A survey of patients' perceptions of life with an ileo-anal pouch (1997)

Since the advent of ileo-anal pouch surgery in the 1970s, there has been a gradual increase in the number of patients undergoing such surgery instead of the more traditional formation of an ileostomy. However, although the surgical procedures are clearly described and research is gradually accumulating regarding overall functioning and complications, little is known about the day to day practicalities of living with an ileo-anal pouch. A survey of over 200 people with ileo-anal pouches was conducted to gather information about daily living from the patients perspective. This paper presents some of the findings from the survey, which provided a wealth of information that not only highlights physiological factors and how they impinge on life, but also gives an indication of how the respondents view their quality of life and what additional help they feel would enhance it.
Analysis of a Single-Bit Digital Receiver for Carrier and Code Tracking. (1976)

Post-flight processing of spread-spectrum signals often requires high-rate data recording. One way to lessen the recording rate requirement is to use single-bit quantization of the sampled signal in the recording. The performance of an aided digital post-flight receiver for carrier and code tracking when single-bit quantization is utilized in the data recording is here analyzed. The assumed signal structure is used in the SATRACK-GPS program. (Author)
Burnout Among Nursing Home Personnel (1986)

Nursing home residents place an inordinate amount of stress on the caregiver who has to manage and provide nursing care to individuals who are very dependent in their daily living activities.
Ultrasound-Guided Intrathecal Pump Access and Prevention of the Pocket Fill (2011)

Ultrasound-guided intrathecal pump access is a feasible and simple technique that may improve maintenance, routine device care, and prevent serious complications related to erroneous subcutaneous injections of concentrated medications. Clinical validation will be necessary in the future.
Variation Of Ladder-Backed Woodpeckers In Southwestern North America Dendrocopus-Scalaris Dendrocopus-Nuttalli Subspecies (1968)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Socioeconomic interactions with physique and fertility. (1979)

The reproductive histories of 4829 white women who participated in the Ten State Nutrition Survey of 1968-1970 were analyzed in the attempt to study socioeconomic interactions with physique and fertility. Socioeconomic data included per-capita income. The range of per capita incomes in the sample was from $12 per capita for those on public assistance to $30,000 per capita, and distinctly skewed to the lower incomes. Most incomes were clustered between $500 and $5000. Associations between 5 measures of physique and fertility were explained by socioeconomic influences -- the per capita income. The exact relation between social variables and physique, as part of this triangle, did not yield gracefully to delineation. The rich were systematically leanest and for females, at least decreasing socioeconomic status appeared to be associated with increasing fatness. Stature was less predictable, appearing to ascend with social class or income. There was a systematic decrease in number of liveborn children, for mothers of completed reproduction, with increasing income. The lowest 3 income levels were each significantly different from each other and contrasted with all other levels. This socially-determined differential fertility of physique categories appeared to be linear rather than modal in character; income and fertility interacted in a curvilinear manner. The data also suggest the existence of a secular trend for certain physical characteristics, particularly fatness, which are subject to social transmission between generations.
Preparation and Characterization of Ca<sub>0.8</sub>Sr<sub>0.2</sub>ZrO<sub>3</sub> Powders Prepared by Soft Chemical Route (2007)

Precursors of calcium strontium zirconate (Ca0.8Sr0.2ZrO3) were synthesized by oxalate coprecipitation method. TG-DTA was used to characterize the thermal decomposition behaviors of the precursors. The XRD results revealed that the powders crystallized as cubic Ca0.8Sr0.2ZrO3 with increasing heating temperature up to 1000°C. Calcium strontium zirconate ceramics were obtained under conventional sintering conditions by using the as-prepared Ca0.8Sr0.2ZrO3 powders. The SEM micrographs of the ceramics sintered at 1450oC exhibited narrow grain-size distribution with the average grain size around 0.7 4m. The dielectric properties showed that, dielectric constant of the Ca0.8Sr0.2ZrO3 was about 24.0 and dielectric loss was 0.002 at the frequency of 1GHz and the room temperature.