gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ocular Hypotensive Activity and Disposition of the Topical Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor 6-Hydroxy-Benzo[b]Thiophene-2-Sulfonamide, L-650,719, in the Rabbit (1989)

The carbonic anhydrase (C.A.) inhibitor, L-650,719 (6-hydroxy-benzo[b]thiophene-2-sulfonamide) is an advance over the corresponding 6-OH benzothiazole-2-sulfonamide in increased water solubility (4 mM) and CHCl3/buffer partition (0.05). KI vs CA is 10(-8) M. Topical treatment with 1 drop of 0.15-8% suspensions (in hydroxyethylcellulose-HEC) lowered intraocular pressure (IOP) up to 2.6 mmHg, with a plateau at 2%. Two hours after 2% treatment ocular drug distribution showed (microM or mumole/kg): cornea, 115, anterior aqueous 27, posterior aqueous 4, ciliary processes 15. Calculated inhibition of C.A. is 99.7%. IOP lowering effect disappeared at 6 hrs. L-650,719 was also given in solution (17 mM, pH 9.3). One drop every 5 min x 5 or 10 min residence on cornea of this solution produced an IOP lowering and drug distribution similar to that of the 2% suspension. Increasing HEC concentration in the single drop solution from 0 to 1%, led to a 3-fold increase in anterior aqueous drug levels and an improved delta IOP. The pressure lowering is somewhat less than achieved with parenteral sulfonamides in the rabbit. Clinical trials showed modest activity, so L-650,719 is not being developed further. It is evident, however, that sulfonamides with a variety of chemical and pharmacological properties are conducive to development for topical treatment of glaucoma.
One-dimensional-motion and pressure hybrid sensor fabricated and process-level-packaged with CMOS back-end-of-line processes (2009)

One-dimensional movable structures (motion sensors) made from a metal silicide (WSi) core were successfully encapsulated inside a cavity in an interlayer dielectric (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) covered by another metallic layer. The latter half of the fabrication process is the same as to that for the pressure sensor that we previously reported [1]; thus, both sensors can be fabricated simultaneously. As is the case with our previously reported pressure sensor, the fabrication processes are compatible with CMOS back-end-of-lines (BEOL) processes (carried out below 400degC). The motion sensor can thus be fabricated directly above integrated circuits (ICs). The fabricated sensors were electrically tested, and the measured pull-in voltage was in good agreement with the design value.
Micromultiprocessing: An Approach to Multiprocessing at the Level of Very Small Tasks (1973)

The design and performance evaluation of a multiprocessor system are described. The system consists of processing units sharing the processing of the same instruction stream, where tasks consist of individual instructions. The multiprocessing aspect is completely transparent to the user. The system configuration developed calls for two microprogrammed processing units sharing the same local and control stores.
Managing technology transfer for value creation and competitive advantage: toward a contingency-based, information processing model (2002)

A contingency-based information processing model of technology transfer is presented. Effectiveness of this transfer process is dependent upon the fit achieved between information processing demands of the technology and the information processing capabilities of the receiving group. Group characteristics are presented as potential moderators of this relationship.
In Vivo Biochemical 7.0 Tesla Magnetic Resonance (2008)

In vivo T1 dGEMRIC assessment in healthy cartilage, and T2 and T2* mapping in healthy and reparative articular cartilage, seems to be possible at 7.0 T MRI. For T2 and T2*, zonal variation of articular cartilage could also be evaluated at 7.0 T. This zonal assessment of deep and superficial cartilage aspects shows promising results for the differentiation of healthy and affected articular cartilage. In future studies, optimized protocol selection, and sophisticated coil technology, together with increased signal at ultra-high-field MRI, may lead to advanced biochemical cartilage imaging.
Rigidity of Human α-Fetoprotein Tertiary Structure Is under Ligand Control (1997)

Comparative study of the natural ligand effect on structural properties and conformational stability of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and its homologue, human serum albumin (HSA), was performed using several approaches, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and scanning microcalorimetry. Here we show that denaturation of AFP, induced by the increase of temperature or urea concentration, is irreversible. We have established the fact that this irreversibility is caused by ligand release from the AFP molecule. Interestingly, the ligand-free form of AFP has no rigid tertiary structure but exhibits substantial secondary structure and high compactness. This means that the rigid tertiary structure of AFP is controlled by interaction with ligands, while their release results in transition of a protein molecule into a molten globule-like intermediate. In contrast, processes of HSA denaturation and unfolding are completely reversible. Release of ligands from HSA results only in a small decrease in stability but not transformation into the molten globule state.
5'-Monohydroxyphylloquinone as a Component of Photosystem I (1989)

Abstract Thylakoids and photosystem I (PS I) preparations from Euglena gracilis and from the cyanobacterium Anacystis nidulans were analyzed for their prenylquinone content. Both organisms contained 5 '-monohydroxyphylloquinone as the dominant quinone of PS I, and not phylloquinone as other organisms. A stoichiometry of about two 5 '-monohydroxyphylloquinone per P700 (the primary electron donor of PS I) was determined for A nacystis. However, both the PS I preparation and the thylakoids from Euglena contained only one 5 '-monohydroxyphylloquinone per P700. Phylloquinone and an unidentified naphthoquinone were present in trace amounts.
Prior Capsule Endoscopy Improves the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Yield of Single-balloon Enteroscopy (2013)

Purpose: Although there is substantial literature addressing double-balloon enteroscopy, evidence is more limited with regard to the clinical utility of single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) in evaluating and treating small-bowel disease. Also, the impact of preceding capsule endoscopy (CE) on the diagnostic yield (DY) and therapeutic yield (TY) of single balloon enteroscopy is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic and therapeutic yield of SBE in patients with suspected small bowel disorders, as well as the impact of prior CE. Methods: All patients referred for SBE at our institution between June, 2011 and July, 2013 were identifi ed by searching a prospectively-collected database. Patients undergoing SBE-assisted ERCP were excluded. SPSS version 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test were used for analysis. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: One hundred fifty patients (mean age 62.84 years, range 17-92 years, 60% men) underwent 170 SBE procedures. Indications for SBE included anemia (53.5%), overt GI bleeding (33.5%), occult GI bleeding (26.5%), suspected IBD (7.1%), suspected mass (28.2%), chronic abdominal pain (20%), chronic nausea/vomiting (7.6%), chronic diarrhea (4.1%), foreign body (1.8%) and weight loss (3.5%). CE was performed before SBE in 113/170 cases (66.5 %). 104/170 cases (61.2 %) had definite or probable lesion, and nine cases had normal findings noted on CE. The findings identified during SBE included angioectasia (25.3% cases), ulcers/erosions (12.3%), benign polyps (11.8%), lipoma (5.3 %), malignancy (4.7%), diverticulosis (5.9%), foreign body (4.2%), Dieulafoy's lesion (1.2%), and strictures (0.6%). Thirty percent had normal small bowel exams. Therapeutic interventions included hemostasis (23.5% cases), polypectomy (2.9%), and foreign body removal (2.4%). Total DY and TY of SBE was 60% and 27.6%, respectively. The DY of SBE with prior CE had was 68.21% (77/113 cases), vs. 43.8% (25/57 cases) DY without prior CE (P=0.002). The TY of SBE with prior CE was 35.4% (40/113 cases) vs.12.3% (7/57 cases) without prior CE (p=0.001). One endoscopic complication (perforation) was observed out of 170 procedures (< 0.01%), which was conservatively managed successfully. There were no deaths. Conclusion: In our patient cohort, SBE demonstrated a higher DY than expected based on prior published reports. This is likely related to the routine use of CE prior to undertaking SBE in our center. SBE appears to be a safe and effective technique for the diagnosis and treatment of small bowel disease. For most patients, we recommend performing a CE prior to SBE to improve the DY and TY of the procedure.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1- and Cytomegalovirus-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Can Persist at High Frequency for Prolonged Periods in the Absence of Circulating Peripheral CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells (2000)

CD4(+) T cells are thought to be critical in the maintenance of virus-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses. In human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, a selective decline in HIV-1-specific CTL as the CD4(+) T-cell count decreases has been reported. Using HLA-peptide tetrameric complexes, we show the presence at high frequency of HIV-1- and cytomegalovirus-specific CD8(+) T cells when the peripheral CD4(+) T-cell count was low or zero in three HIV-1-infected patients. No direct virus-specific CD8(+)-mediated effector activity was seen in these subjects, suggesting antigen unresponsiveness, although tetramer-sorted cells could be expanded in vitro in the presence of interleukin-2 into responsive effector cells. Thus, virus-specific CD8(+) T cells can be maintained in the peripheral circulation at high frequency in the absence of circulating peripheral CD4(+) T cells, but these cells may lack direct effector activity. Strategies designed to overcome this antigen unresponsiveness may be of value in therapies for the treatment of AIDS.
Enzymatic synthesis of polyglycerol‐fatty acid esters in a solvent‐free system (1995)

Abstract The enzymatic transesterification of fatty acid methyl esters from vegetable oil and polyglycerol has been successfully performed in the presence of Lipozyme without any solvent. The optimal conditions to obtain a mixture with lipophilic tensioactive properties were found to be a molar ratio of fatty acid methyl esters and polyglycerol of 1.33:1 at 60°C. Evaporation of the methanol produced in this reaction increased the yield of the reaction. Moreover, for this reaction, adsorption of the polyol on silica gel prior to the transesterification allowed the completion of the reaction and improved the kinetic properties. Hydrophile‐lipophile balance and surface activity of the polyglycerol esters were measured to determine the emulsifying properties of these molecules.
Variability in infection and reproduction of <i>Meloidogyne javanica</i> on tomato rootstocks with the <i>Mi</i> resistance gene (2008)

The response of 10 commercial or experimental tomato rootstocks with the Mi resistance gene to an initial inoculum of a Mi ‐avirulent population of Meloidogyne javanica was determined in pot tests conducted in spring and summer. In a field test, the rootstocks were subjected to continuous exposure to high initial population densities (2050 ± 900 second‐stage juveniles (J2) per 250 cm 3 soil) of the nematode. The presence of the Mi locus in the resistant rootstocks and cultivars was confirmed using the PCR co‐dominant markers REX‐1 and Mi23. Nematode infectivity (egg masses) and reproduction (eggs g −1 root) were highly variable in the spring tests. Rootstocks PG76, Gladiator and MKT‐410 consistently responded as highly resistant, with nematode multiplication rate (Pf/Pi) < 1 and reproduction index (RI) < 10%, and they were as efficient as standard resistant tomato cultivars at nematode suppression. The relative resistance levels of rootstocks Brigeor, 42851, 43965, Big Power and He‐Man varied depending on the susceptible standard used for reference or the duration of the test. Rootstocks Beaufort and Maxifort were susceptible to M. javanica (Pf/Pi > 50 and RI > 50%). Rootstocks PG76 and He‐Man, and the resistant tomato cv. Caramba showed high levels of resistance in the test conducted in summer, whereas MKT‐410 and 42851 and the resistant tomato cv. Monika were moderately resistant. In the field, seven rootstocks showed high levels of resistance and one (He‐Man) showed an intermediate level, whereas Beaufort and Maxifort were susceptible.
Indomethacin, Dexamethasone, and Intestinal Damage in Infant Rats (2002)

The results indicate that a varying response to the damaging effects of indomethacin on the intestine occurs during development with the infant being less susceptible than the adult. This differed from the effects of dexamethasone administration, which caused significant intestinal atrophy in the infant rats. The intestinal protection to the effects of indomethacin in infants is not dependent on mother's milk or a developmental difference in the prostaglandin biosynthetic pathway.
Developmental changes in mullerian inhibiting substance in the cynomolgus monkey, Macaca fascicularis. (1994)

Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS) is a glycoprotein hormone produced in Sertoli cells of the fetal and postnatal testis, and granulosa cells of the pubertal ovary. We examined MIS expression in a nonhuman primate, the cynomolgus macaque monkey (Macaca fascicularis), to define an animal model for studying MIS gene regulation. Changes in testicular MIS mRNA with age were assessed by in situ hybridization of prepubertal to adult testes, Northern analysis of pubertal and adult specimens, and determination of serum MIS concentrations from infancy to adulthood. We found that MIS expression was highest in the youngest animals and decreased progressively with increasing age. Serum MIS concentrations correlated inversely with increasing age (r = -0.74), body weight (r = -0.79), and testicular volume (r = -0.73), but not with testosterone levels (r = -0.35). The mean MIS concentrations +/- SEM for the four developmental age groups were 270.6 +/- 23.8 (infants), 195.5 +/- 18.5 (juveniles), 102.7 +/- 28.4 (peripubertals), and 51.6 +/- 7.1 (adults). This study confirms that nonhuman primate and human MIS are highly homologous and have similar developmental patterns. The normative data for serum MIS concentrations in cynomolgus monkeys at different ages and developmental stages will be invaluable for further work examining MIS regulation.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the temperature dependence of lattice parameters of alkane crystals during cooling (1995)

The cooling of a crystal of 192 pentacontamethylene chains has been followed by molecular dynamics simulation after instantaneous heating to various temperatures and cooling to 335 K at 0.8 K ps–1 after heating to 436 K. The latter temperature is above the melting point of pentacontane C50H102, Tm= 365 K). The earlier report by G. L. Liang, D. W. Noid, B. G. Sumpter and B. Wunderlich, Acta Polym., 1993, 44, 219 on the changes in the simulated crystal has been extended by quantitative evaluation of the crystal parameters. The nature of the then-suggested hexagonal phase is discussed. On cooling, a transition of the crystal from a hexagonal α-phase with freely ‘rotating’ chains to tilted monoclinic βM-phase with large-amplitude chain fluctuations has been identified between 370 and 360 K with a gain of 1% in density.
Kontinuierliche pulsatile subkutane Gonadotropinstimulation beim polyzystischen Ovarsyndrom: eine therapeutische Alternative (1991)

In order to improve the ovarian response to exogenous gonadotropins and to reduce the risk of the ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and of multiple pregnancies, human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was administered by continuous pulsatile subcutaneous (s.c.) infusion via a portable pump. The effectiveness of pulsatile hMG treatment was first demonstrated in a control group comprising 7 females with regular ovulatory cycles, who underwent gonadotropin ovarian superovulation and subsequent IVF/GIFT procedures for tubal or male factor. All pulsatile s.c. hMG cycles were ovulatory and one clinical pregnancy was achieved. In this group, ovarian response was similar following intramuscular (i.m.) and pulsatile s.c. hMG therapy, with a marked reduction of preovulatory serum levels of oestradiol in the pulsatile s.c. hMG cycles. In a prospective study, 11 patients with overt polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) who failed to ovulate in response to clomiphene, received i.m. hMG ovarian superovulation treatment in 19 cycles and pulsatile s.c. hMG in 21 cycles. Following i.m. hMG treatment, only 10 cycles were ovulatory; 7 cycles had to be cancelled for impending ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Following pulsatile s.c. hMG treatment, 15 cycles were ovulatory, only 3 treatment cycles had to be disrupted for multifollicular ovarian response. Both modes of treatment were similar in terms of requirement of hMG ampoules, number of preovulatory follicles, preovulatory serum levels of oestradiol and duration of the preovulatory oestradiol rise. The total duration of hMG treatment was significantly increased following pulsatile s.c. hMG. It is concluded, that in overt PCO syndrome, continuous pulsatile s.c. administration of hMG is an effective method to induce follicular maturation and to achieve ovulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Final report. A component of the collaborative project to investigate consumer preferences for selected sorghum and millet products in the SADC region of Africa. Supported by the "Science and Technology of Development". Programme of the European Community, Contract n.TS3-CT94-0267 (1998)

Detailed field surveys in Botswana and Tanzania on food habits and on consumer preferences were conducted by various project partners including CIRAD. The recipes for the preparation of traditional porridges made with sorghum and millets, the cooking procedures and the characteristics of commercial and traditional flours were collected by the CIRAD Cereal Technology Laboratory in order to develop specific laboratory tests to characterize the cooking quality of the thick porridge " bogobe " in Botswana and " ugali " in Tanzania. The texture defined as the consistency of the cooked product was identified as the main quality criteria for the african consumers and was measured using extrusion tests on the Instron Universal Texturometer. The relationships with some physicochemical characteristics of sorghum grains and flours were established showing the importance of the amylose content of the flour and to a lesser extent of the ash content of the grain. The differentiation among the sorghum varieties and their ranking according to the extrusion test were confirmed by another field survey in Botswana where cooking tests and texture evaluation by villagers were conducted. This laboratory test was applied on 31 sorghum varieties from Botswana and ICRISAT, Zimbabwe. Sorghum cultivars with high amylose content and good dehulling properties should be selected. The tests should also be useful in evaluating and therefore improving the quality of the sorghum flours obtained on mechanical dehulling and grinding equipment. It will help promoting commercially the milled products in towns and the industry. It was shown also that the ranking of the sorghum varieties according to their quality for bogobe and ugali was similar to the ranking obtained using a compression test already developed on " tô " quality, a west african soft porridge. It was concluded that the SADC variettes good for bogobe and ugali could also be good for thick " tô ".
Boolean decomposition in combinational logic synthesis (2003)

Today’s digital designs have reached a magnitude making it intractable for humans to develop designs on a gate level. Large designs are developed with help of hardware description languages like VHDL, or with other methods using high level of abstraction. Computer based synthesis tools are applied to transfer those descriptions to layouts for implementation in programmable circuits like Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGAs) or for implementation in full custom integrated circuits. In order to obtain a good implementation, it is important to perform optimization of the design during the transformation from high level description to layout. This thesis is in the area of Boolean decomposition. Decomposition is a technique used to increase the number of levels ina Booleanformula. Decompositionaims at representing a logic function by a multi-level expression with the least number of literals. A multi-level expressionis usually simpler thana sum-of-product expression representing the same function. In many design styles, the implementation of
Acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) fermentation in an immobilized cell trickle bed reactor (1989)

Acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation was successfully carried out in an immobilized cell trickle bed reactor. The reactor was composed of two serial columns packed with Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 entrapped on the surface of natural sponge segments at a cell loading in the range of 2.03-5.56 g dry cells/g sponge. The average cell loading was 3.58 g dry cells/g sponge. Batch experiments indicated that a critical pH above 4.2 is necessary for the initiation of cell growth. One of the media used during continuous experiments consisted of a salt mixture alone and the other a nutrient medium containing a salt mixture with yeast extract and peptone. Effluent pH was controlled by supplying various fractions of the two different types of media. A nutrient medium fraction above 0.6 was crucial for successful fermentation in a trickle bed reactor. The nutrient medium fraction is the ratio of the volume of the nutrient medium to the total volume of nutrient plus salt medium. Supplying nutrient medium to both columns continuously was an effective way to meet both pH and nutrient requirement. A 257-mL reactor could ferment 45 g/L glucose from an initial concentration of 60 g/L glucose at a rate of 70 mL/h. Butanol, acetone, and ethanol concentrations were 8.82, 5.22, and 1.45 g/L, respectively, with a butanol and total solvent yield of 19.4 and 34.1 wt %. Solvent productivity in an immobilized cell trickle bed reactor was 4.2 g/L h, which was 10 times higher than that obtained in a batch fermentation using free cells and 2.76 times higher than that of an immobilized CSTR. If the nutrient medium fraction was below 0.6 and the pH was below 4.2, the system degenerated. Oxygen also contributed to the system degeneration. Upon degeneration, glucose consumption and solvent yield decreased to 30.9 g/L and 23.0 wt %, respectively. The yield of total liquid product (40.0 wt %) and butanol selectivity (60.0 wt %) remained almost constant. Once the cells were degenerated, they could not be recovered.
Sites of Synthesis of Serum Proteins (1967)

Summary Incorporation of C14-amino acid into serum proteins by cell lines and strains in vitro was studied using the technique of autoradiography of immunoelectrophoretic patterns. Fibroblast-like cells of both human and murine origin produced serum proteins associated with complement activity. Epithelial-like cells of several established cell lines produced β1C. Lymphoblastic cells of murine origin synthesized transferrin. A rat hepatoma cell line produced strong labeling of albumin, β1C and transferrin. The dissociation between production of β1C and transferrin in murine cell lines is discussed in relation to the production of both these proteins by mouse lymphoid tissue and peritoneal macrophages. A few fresh tumor tissues were also studied. Of them, an epithelioma of the thymus was particularly interesting, since it actively produced both β1C and β1E.