gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape-induced biaxial anisotropy in thin magnectic films (1968)

Measurements taken in the presence of an orienting field were made on four-pointed star-shaped films etched from planar uniaxial films. These yielded large biaxial anisotropy terms. In analyzing the effect, this film was presumed to consist of small partitions (typically 500). Within each partition the magnetization was assumed to be uniform and in the plane of the film, but its direction was allowed to vary from partition to partition. The non-uniform spatial <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> distribution over the whole film was obtained by numerically iterating to the minimum energy condition. The high-energy state occurred when the average <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> was oriented from tip to tip in the star-shaped film, while the low-energy state corresponded to the average <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> pointing diagonally (across the short dimension). The calculated biaxial anisotropy was then obtained under the assumption that all the energy difference between these two states can be attributed to the biaxial property of this film. The biaxial term is a result of the nonuniform distribution of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</tex> , which is field dependent. The measured biaxial terms were obtained from torque measurements and were in good agreement with the calculated values.
Scaffold: A bioinformatic tool for validating MS/MS‐based proteomic studies (2010)

Over-reporting of unreliable protein identifications has reduced the accuracy and reproducibility of MS/MS-based proteomic studies. In this work, we demonstrate the analysis workflow used by a bioinformatic tool called Scaffold, which attempts to increase the confidence in protein identification reports through the use of several statistical methods. In addition, this work describes an advanced protein grouping method used by Scaffold to further reduce falsely reported protein identifications, particularly when using large or otherwise sequence redundant protein databases.
ERK/MAPK pathway regulates GABAA receptors (2006)

The GABAA receptor is a ligand-gated ion channel whose function and activity can be regulated by ligand binding or alternatively may be influenced indirectly through the phosphorylation of specific subunits that comprise the GABAA receptor pentamer. With respect to phosphorylation, most studies have focused on either beta or gamma subunits, whereas the role of the alpha subunit as a relevant target of signaling kinases is largely unknown. Interestingly, we found a putative phosphorylation site for extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK), a key effector of the MAPK pathway, in almost all known alpha subunits of the GABAA receptor, including the ubiquitously expressed alpha1 subunit. To determine whether this putative ERK phosphorylation site was functionally relevant, we evaluated if ERK inhibition (through pharmacological inhibition of its upstream kinase, MEK) altered GABA-gated currents. Using HEK293 cells stably transfected with the alpha1beta2gamma2 form of the GABAA receptor, we found that UO126 reduced basal ERK phosphorylation and resulted in an enhancement of GABA-induced peak current amplitudes. Further, the enhancement of GABA-gated currents required an intact intracellular environment as it was robust in perforated patch recordings (which preserves the intracellular milieu), but absent in conventional whole-cell recordings (which dialyzes the cytosolic contents), supporting the involvement of an intracellular signaling pathway. Finally, mutation of the ERK phosphorylation site (T375-->A) prevented the UO126-induced enhancement of GABA-gated currents. Collectively, our results implicate the MAPK pathway as a negative modulator of GABAA receptor function, whose influence on GABA-gated currents may be mediated by phosphorylation of the alpha subunit.
Capacitance Reduction With An Optimized Converter Connection Applied to LED Drivers (2014)

This paper presents a new control method and a detailed project methodology for the optimized connection method of two converters, aiming to reduce the redundant power processing, in order to supply high-power light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with reduced capacitance and high efficiency, directly from the ac line. This connection method allows dealing with two major issues related to the LED driver: capacitance reduction and efficiency increasing. The first converter provides power factor correction, whereas the second converter controls the current through the LED. The basic idea consists in making the second converter to process only the low-frequency ripple (LFR) of the first converter, thus smoothing the LED current. In this way, the LFR is managed by the second stage, so that the capacitance of the first stage can be significantly reduced. The proposed control method can achieve better results for the low-frequency compensation. In addition to that, a high power factor and a low harmonic content are obtained, fulfilling the IEC 61000-3-2 Class C requirements. A laboratory prototype with a rated power of 75 W and an input voltage of 220 V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> /60 Hz was built in order to show the feasibility of the idea. The measured overall efficiency of the converter was 91%, and electrolytic capacitors were avoided.
A new chemosensor based on rhodamine 101 hydrazone for Cu (II) in the red region (2011)

A new chemosensor based on the spirolactam form of rhodamine 101 hydrazone (III) is found to exhibit a reversible colorimetric response toward Cu 2+ in aqueous solutions in a selective, sensitive and rapid manner because of a formation of a Cu(II)-III complex. The dominating absorption maximum at 584 nm is uniquely red-shifted among rhodamine chemosensors toward Cu 2+ . The fluorescence of III can be detected in a low concentration of Cu 2+ . The results revealed that III is a good colorimetric sensor to Cu 2+ in the red region.
Cancer-associated SCM-recognition, immunedefense suppression, and serine protease protection peptide. Part III. CRISPP peptide protection of serine proteases against inhibition. (1993)

The cancer SCM-recognition, immunedefense suppression, and serine protease protection (CRISPP) peptide, produced by cancer cells, is homologous to the Pn', enzyme-baiting region of the serine protease inhibitor alpha 1-PI. In contrast to the inhibitory function of the intact alpha 1-PI, the CRISPP peptide protects cancer-associated serine proteases against inhibition by alpha 1-PI. In the presence of alpha 1-PI, the prevention of inhibition is a competitive, concentration-dependent process. The shortest fragment of the 29 amino acid sequence of the synthetic, CRISPPs peptide, which protects serine proteases against inhibition as efficiently as the whole molecule, encompasses the amino terminal amino acid residues 1 to 7. Serine proteases and their inhibitor, alpha 1-PI, are involved in the control of many intra- and extracellular physiological processes, including degradative actions in cancer cell invasion, metastatic spread, and neovascularization of tumors. The CRISPP peptide protection of serine proteases against inhibition could unbalance the regulatory controls requiring limited proteolysis by serine proteases. The inherited and/or acquired aberrations resulting in the production of CRISPP peptides in cancer cells could, therefore, be one of the key factors involved in the carcinogenic transformation, enhancing uncontrolled gene derepression and DNA synthesis, and supporting invasion and metastasis. A hypothesis on the mechanism of CRISPP peptide action is proposed.
Two-mode data distribution scheme for heterogeneous storage in data centers (2015)

Fast growing "Big Data" demands present new challenges to the traditional distributed storage system solutions. In order to support cloud-scale data centers, new types of distributed storage systems are emerging. They are designed to scale to thousands of nodes, maintain petabytes of data and be highly reliable. The support for virtual machines is also becoming essential as it is one of the most important technology that supports cloud computing. To meet these needs, these distributed storage systems are implemented with advanced data distribution schemes. Data are striped and distributed across the storage cluster based on distribution algorithms instead of mapping tables. The existing algorithms usually balance the data distribution across nodes proportional to their capacity. However, they overlook distinct performance characteristics across different nodes and devices in the emerging heterogeneous storage environment. We propose a two-mode data distribution scheme in this study to maximize the overall performance and keep data balanced across the storage cluster at the same time. The working principle of the two-mode data distribution scheme is provided. We also present a new data read and write strategy to work with the two-mode scheme. We evaluate the computation time for data distribution using two-mode scheme and analyze its implication on the overall IO performance. We expect significant performance improvement while it still needs more analytical and experimental evaluation to further examine the details.
Impact of time-of-flight on indirect 3D and direct 4D parametric image reconstruction in the presence of inconsistent dynamic PET data (2016)

Kinetic parameter estimation in dynamic PET suffers from reduced accuracy and precision when parametric maps are estimated using kinetic modelling following image reconstruction of the dynamic data. Direct approaches to parameter estimation attempt to directly estimate the kinetic parameters from the measured dynamic data within a unified framework. Such image reconstruction methods have been shown to generate parametric maps of improved precision and accuracy in dynamic PET. However, due to the interleaving between the tomographic and kinetic modelling steps, any tomographic or kinetic modelling errors in certain regions or frames, tend to spatially or temporally propagate. This results in biased kinetic parameters and thus limits the benefits of such direct methods. Kinetic modelling errors originate from the inability to construct a common single kinetic model for the entire field-of-view, and such errors in erroneously modelled regions could spatially propagate. Adaptive models have been used within 4D image reconstruction to mitigate the problem, though they are complex and difficult to optimize. Tomographic errors in dynamic imaging on the other hand, can originate from involuntary patient motion between dynamic frames, as well as from emission/transmission mismatch. Motion correction schemes can be used, however, if residual errors exist or motion correction is not included in the study protocol, errors in the affected dynamic frames could potentially propagate either temporally, to other frames during the kinetic modelling step or spatially, during the tomographic step. In this work, we demonstrate a new strategy to minimize such error propagation in direct 4D image reconstruction, focusing on the tomographic step rather than the kinetic modelling step, by incorporating time-of-flight (TOF) within a direct 4D reconstruction framework. Using ever improving TOF resolutions (580 ps, 440 ps, 300 ps and 160 ps), we demonstrate that direct 4D TOF image reconstruction can substantially prevent kinetic parameter error propagation either from erroneous kinetic modelling, inter-frame motion or emission/transmission mismatch. Furthermore, we demonstrate the benefits of TOF in parameter estimation when conventional post-reconstruction (3D) methods are used and compare the potential improvements to direct 4D methods. Further improvements could possibly be achieved in the future by combining TOF direct 4D image reconstruction with adaptive kinetic models and inter-frame motion correction schemes.
Steroid hormone antagonists at the receptor level: A role for the heat‐shock protein MW 90,000 (hsp 90) (1987)

Antisteroid hormones compete for hormone binding at the receptor level and prevent the hormonal response. A new concept is proposed for explaining the antiglucocorticosteroid activity of RU 486 in the chick oviduct system. It is based on the ability of the antisteroid to stabilize the hetero-oligomeric 8S-form of the glucocorticosteroid receptor (GR), which involves the interaction of the 94k-receptor and heat-shock protein MW 90,000 (hsp 90). It is proposed that hsp 90 caps the DNA binding site of the receptor, and this prevents it from binding to the DNA of hormone regulatory elements (HRE) and increasing transcription of regulated genes. This paper reviews other antiglucocorticosteroid and antiestrogen systems with reference to this hypothesis and also describes a four-step analysis of the molecular mechanism of antisteroid hormone action at the receptor level.
Salamiel (Person) (1992)

[Gk Salamiêl]. A personal name given as part of the genealogy of Judith (Jdt 8:1). The name is almost certainly to be identified with Shelumiel (Heb sēlumPēl) the son of Zurishaddai, the descendant of Simeon, who was a leader of the tribe of Simeon during the time of Moses (Num 1:6; 2:12; 7:36, 41;
Flexural and Torsional Analysis of Five Acrylics for Use in External Skeletal Fixation (1998)

Summary Mechanical testing of five acrylics was performed to evaluate material property differences that might affect their use as support rods in external skeletal fixation (ESF). Flexural and torsional analysis demonstrated that differences existed in the stiffness of the acrylics with polyethyl/polymethylmethacrylate products being the stiffest and a polyethylmethacrylate product being least stiff. Increasing the amount of inert filler also increased the stiffness. The inherent porosity of the individual acrylics did not have an effect on their mechanical properties. These differences in stiffness might affect fracture healing by affecting the amount of primary or secondary osteosynthesis that occurs. Different polymeric forms of acrylic possess mechanical properties that influence their stiffness. Based on flexural and torsional analysis, these properties may differ significantly and affect external skeletal fixator stiffness. Presented at the twenty-fourth annual meeting of the Veterinary Orthopedic Society, Big Sky, MT March 2-8, 1997.
Attenuation of Fatty Liver and Prevention of Hypercholesterolemia by Extract of  <i>Curcuma longa</i>  through Regulating the Expression of CYP7A1, LDL‐Receptor, HO‐1, and HMG‐CoA Reductase (2011)

Turmeric may be considered a functional food for regulating plasma cholesterol levels and preventing the development of fatty liver in people who frequently consume a high-cholesterol diet.
Fungicidal and insecticidal activities of various grain extracts against five insect pests and six phytopathogenic fungi (2000)

Methanol extracts from 21 grains were tested for fungicidal activities against six phytopathogenic fungi and for insecticidal activities toward five insect pests in a greenhouse. The efficacy varied with both the plant pathogen/insect pest and grain species used. Potent fungicidal activity at 5 ㎎/pot, were produced from extracts of Elymus sibiricus and Hordeum vulgare var. nudum against Pyricularia grisea and Erysiphe graminis and these of Sesamum indicum (W) and Triticum aestivum against Puccinia recondita and Erysiphe graminis. At 2,500 ppm, potent insecticidal activities were exhibited from the extracts of Fagopyrum esculentum against Myzus persicae and Ischaemum crassipes, and these of Oryza sativa var. glutinosa, Panicum miliaceum, Setaria italica, Sorghum bicolor, and T. aestivum against Tetranychus urticae. All grain extracts revealed weak or no fungicidal and insecticidal effect against Phytophthora infestans, Plutella xylostella and Spodoptera litura. As a naturally occurring fungicide and insecticide, grain-derived materials described could be useful as new fungicidal and insecticidal products against phytopathogenic fungi and insect pests.
Compact two-pattern test set generation for combinational and full scan circuits (2002)

This paper presents two algorithms for generating compact test sets for combinational and full scan circuits under the transition and CMOS stuck-open fault models; Redundant Vector Elimination (RVE) and Essential Fault Reduction (EFR). These algorithms together with the dynamic compaction algorithm are incorporated into an advanced ATPG system for combinational circuits, called MinTest. The test sets generated by MinTest are 30% smaller than the previously published two-pattern test set compaction results for the ISCAS85 and full scan version of the ISCAS89 benchmark circuits.
Cancer‐selective induction of cytotoxicity by tissue‐specific expression of targeted <i>trans</i>‐splicing ribozyme (2006)

For suicide gene therapy to be successfully applied for clinical settings, cancer-restricted expression of such suicide gene should be required. We previously showed that group I intron from Tetrahymena can induce new RNA that exerts anti-cancer activity through RNA replacement by trans-splicing reaction with high fidelity and specificity onto targeted human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA in cancer cells, and hence the ribozyme can selectively retard growth of the cells in vivo as well as in vitro. However, the shortage of complete tumor-selectivity due to telomerase expression of highly proliferating normal cells can limit therapeutic applicability of the hTERT-targeting approach. In this study, to explore the possibility of improving specificity of cancer therapy, we have attempted to stimulate anticancer gene activity specifically in liver cancer cells by tissue-specific expression of the hTERT-targeting trans-splicing ribozyme using liver-specific promoters. Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that the expression of transgene such as luciferase gene was specifically and highly triggered from hTERT-expressing liver cancer cells transfected with the ribozyme. Moreover, liver-specific expression of the ribozyme with diphtheria toxin A or herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene as 3' exon could specifically and highly retard the growth of the hTERT-expressing liver cancer cells. In conclusion, we can greatly improve specificity of cancer cytotoxicity by combination of transcriptional targeting for tissue-specific transgene expression with RNA replacement for cancer-specific anticancer gene induction.
[Changes in the transepithelial potential and spike responses of the ampullae of Lorenzini to temperature stimulation in the skate]. (1982)

Electrical responses of the sensory epithelium of Lorenzinian ampullae as well as their nerve fibres frequency reactions to thermal stimulation were studied in Black Sea skates, Raja clavata. Electrically isolated ampullae with input resistance 500-800 K omega were used. They were loaded through a feedback circuit to a controllable resistance. Heating of the ampulla caused a lumen-negative shift of the transepithelial potential, its amplitude being approximately linearly dependent on the input resistance of the preparation (R1). Frequency responses of the nerve fibres were also dependent on R1. With R1 more (less) than 400-500 K omega there was an increase (decrease) in spike frequency during heating of the ampulla. Two temperature-dependent potential sources in sensory epithelium affecting spike frequency in the opposite ways are suggested.
Direct determination of recombinant bovine somatotropin in plasma from a treated goat by liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (2008)

Recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) is used in dairy cattle to enhance milk production. Despite the ban on this hormone in some countries, especially in Europe, there is so far no method available for the direct detection of rbST either in milk or in plasma. An analytical strategy has been developed to analyze rbST in plasma, including a purification procedure based on a precipitation with ammonium sulphate, followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE)-based clean-up on C4 sorbent and precipitation with cold methanol. The hormone was then digested with trypsin and analyzed by liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC/HRMSn) on a linear ion trap coupled with an Orbitrap. The tryptic N-terminal peptide, specific to the difference between the endogenous and recombinant form of the somatotropin, was fragmented and product ions were analyzed at high mass resolution. Applying this approach to goat plasma allowed the direct detection of 10 ng mL(-1) of rbST in fortified samples. It also showed the presence of rbST in plasma collected from a goat treated with the hormone, even 2 days after administration. These results are of a great interest in the field of somatotropin control and undoubtedly constitute a first step in the development of a method for the detection of rbST not only in bovine plasma, but also in other biological matrices such as milk.
Kernelet: High-Throughput GPU Kernel Executions with Dynamic Slicing and Scheduling (2013)

Graphics processors, or GPUs, have recently been widely used as accelerators in shared environments such as clusters and clouds. In such shared environments, many kernels are submitted to GPUs from different users, and throughput is an important metric for performance and total ownership cost. Despite recently improved runtime support for concurrent GPU kernel executions, the GPU can be severely underutilized, resulting in suboptimal throughput. In this paper, we propose Kernelet, a runtime system to improve the throughput of concurrent kernel executions on the GPU. Kernelet embraces transparent memory management and PCI-e data transfer techniques, and dynamic slicing and scheduling techniques for kernel executions. With slicing, Kernelet divides a GPU kernel into multiple sub-kernels (namely slices ). Each slice has tunable occupancy to allow co-scheduling with other slices for high GPU utilization. We develop a novel Markov chain-based performance model to guide the scheduling decision. Our experimental results demonstrate up to 31 percent and 23 percent performance improvement on NVIDIA Tesla C2050 and GTX680 GPUs, respectively.
Homologies between the contiguous and fragmented rRNAs of the two<i>Plasmodium falciparum extrachromosomal</i>DNAs are limited to core sequences (1992)

Plasmodium falciparum contains two extrachromosomal DNAs, a 6 kb linear element and a 35 kb circular DNA; both encode rDNA sequences. The 6 kb element rDNAs comprise fragments of both large and small subunit rRNAs. Comparison of these with corresponding rDNA sequences from the 35 kb DNA and E. coli show that sequences conserved between the three are largely confined to highly conserved core regions; in fact, most of the 6 kb rDNA sequences correspond to core regions. Both the 6 kb element and 35 kb rDNAs show less conservation to each other than to E. coli sequences, suggesting that the two extrachromosomal DNAs of P. falciparum are not closely related. The characteristics of the fragmented rRNAs from the 6 kb element suggest they are functional, possibly in mitochondrial ribosomes.
Measurements on Galvanic Cells Involving Solid Electrolytes (1957)

Electromotive force measurements on galvanic cells involving solid electrolytes have been made in order to obtain the standard molar free energy of formation of , , , , , , and several phases of the system Ag‐Te at elevated temperatures.