gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The German NET-Registry: An Audit on the Diagnosis and Therapy of Neuroendocrine Tumors (2009)

<i>Aims:</i> Clinical experience with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) is difficult to acquire because they are rare and heterogeneous. The impact of guidelines on the care for NETs is not known. The German NET Registry compiled information for Germany pertaining to three questions: who provides care for NET patients; does the care comply with proposed guidelines, and are the results comparable to those described in the literature? <i>Patients and Methods:</i> Between 2004 and 2007 data on 1,263 patients from 21 centers were compiled in a dedicated database. <i>Results:</i> Tumor location, age and sex compared well with published data. Most patients were cared for in centers with more than 100 (47.9%) or between 20 and 99 patients (46.1%). Imaging (magnetic resonance tomography, computer tomography, ultrasound) was available for 79% of the patients, specific laboratory tests for 67%, somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for 56%, and pathology findings for 79%. High-quality pathology reports were rare (2%). Sufficient documentation was mostly found in large centers. Surgery was the first-line therapy in 70.9%, while medical therapy was the second-line therapy in 45.7% of the patients. Median follow-up was 2.8 (0.4–6.4) and median overall survival was 2.5 (0.34–6.3) years. <i>Conclusions:</i> Most patients were referred to large specialized centers. Those centers adhered best to published guidelines for NETs. However, there are still significant deficiencies in the documentation of diagnostic results, mainly with regard to pathology reports. Therapeutic strategies were comparable between centers. The data provide a basis for future studies assessing improvements in documentation, diagnosis and treatment of NET.
A preliminary study assessing time-domain EMG features of classifying exercises in preventing falls in the elderly (2012)

Falls are a common and an often serious problem in elderly people. The simple and effective way to prevent falls is regular exercises without requiring any weight at home. In order to promote the daily-life exercises in elderly people, the exercise recognition system based on surface electromyography (EMG) signals is presented. This research aimed to evaluate features extracted from four lower-limb EMG muscles during seven specific exercises in preventing falls. As a result, the suitable feature sets were identified that would provide an effective EMG pattern recognition. Eleven time-domain features were evaluated by using a statistical criterion method. Based on the information represented in EMG data, four features, consisting integrated EMG, waveform length, zero crossing and Willison amplitude, showed the best class separation performance of all studied features among four EMG muscles. A feature vector formed from such features is recommended to further improve the performance of the exercise recognition system in elderly people.
[Modern possibilities of bioterrorism diagnosis]. (2003)

One of the most important components of early detecting and response to biological attack are microbiological diagnostic methods. In order to provide the effectiveness of diagnosis continuous training in detection of potentially dangerous bioterrorist agents is needed. Basic information about selected microbiological agents most dangerous for public health, belonging to A and B CDC categories are presented in the article. The most potent biological weapon mentioned in the last decade is anthrax. Other potential bioterrorist agents discussed in this article are Francisella tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Brucella species and Coxiella burnetii.
Assessing vitamin D status of callitrichids: Baseline data from wild cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) in Colombia (1997)

Bone disease related to vitamin D deficiency is an insidious problem in captive colonies of callitrichids. Currently a diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency may be made after the appearance of clinical pathology, usually bone deformities or fractures. The development of assays for vitamin D metabolites suggests it may be possible to detect incipient vitamin D deficiency before animals are adversely affected. However, there are few data on normative levels of these metabolites in any nonhuman primates. We collected blood samples from 18 wild cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) from Colombia and assayed them for 25-hydroxy vitamin D(25-OH-D), the major circulating form of the vitamin, which is believed to be a good indicator of status. Serum concentrations of 25-OH-D averaged 76.4 ng/ml (range 25.5–120 ng/ml). This is high compared with human norms (10–55 ng/ml), but the range is lower than that reported in the literature for captive callitrichids. Juveniles had higher serum concentrations than did adults, and pregnant females had lower concentrations than did nonpregnant females. These data confirm that healthy callitrichids have higher circulating levels of 25-OH-D than do humans, but they suggest that the extremely high levels found in some captive animals (300–600 ng/ml) may be above normal. We propose that serum concentrations of 25-OH-D of 50–120 ng/ml can be considered normal for cotton-top tamarins and perhaps other callitrichids. If serum values much below 50 ng/ml are found during clinical evaluation, the possibility of incipient vitamin D deficiency should be considered. Zoo Biol 16:39–46, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Guest editoria: Wireless mesh networks: Applications, architectures, and protocols (2008)

The ten articles in this special issue address a variety of technical challenges and advanced solutions in the design, implementation, and deployment of mesh networks from different aspects such as architectures, protocols, algorithms, services, and applications.
CIRCULATING SODIUM ESTIMATION-Reply (1956)

To the Editor:— The statement that the total circulating sodium is usually normal in uncomplicated sodium redistribution is based on studies using the techniques described. As expected from theoretical considerations, serial studies show some decrease in base line levels of total plasma sodium when there is a shift of sodium into tissue depots such as bone. However, except in patients with profound disturbances in acid-base and potassium balance (where other mechanisms are invoked), in our experience, cation shifts of less than 10% do not greatly alter the total circulating sodium, and resulting values fall within the range of our reported normal levels (370 to 470 mEq. in a 70-kg. man). Justification for estimating the total circulating sodium as described is that this type of study is available in most hospitals; it is easily and quickly obtained and can be repeated serially; resulting data reduce errors made when treatment is directed
New method for detecting ATP release from rat hippocampal slices (2007)

Chemical signaling has a key role in neural and non-neural function; however, only a few techniques are available to measure the concentrations of neurotransmitters and modulators directly in the extracellular space. A recent advance in this area is the development of the multi-enzymatic microelectrode biosensor technique whereby we can measure the concentration of different neurotransmitters and modulators around single neurons or synaptic structures in the brain with high temporal and spatial resolution. Micro-biosensors are also ideal for detecting realtime neurotransmitter release in the central nervous system in vivo because they are minimally invasive. The ATP biosensor is formed by coating a Pt microelectrode with an ultrathin biolayer containing glycerol kinase and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, which results in the production of electroactive H2O2, detected by amperometry. The null sensor, which possesses the silicate layer but lacks the enzymes, shows near-identical responses to the interferences potentially allowing the use of differential recordings to remove almost all of the interfering signals. We used the ATP microelectrode biosensor to demonstrate the release of ATP from rat hippocampal slices in vitro. The basal ATP levels have been estimated to be as low as a few nmol/L (25 ± 5 pA). The ATP sensor exhibited a rapidly increasing current during K+ depolarization which reached 341 ± 170 pA (peak concentration 0.79 ± 0.2 μmol/L). This effect was significantly decreased by the Na+ channel blocker TTX (0.17 ± 0.08 μmol/L) and by Ca2+free medium (0.22 ± 0.1 μmol/L). Acknowledgements This work was supported by the grant from the Hungarian Research and Development Fund (NKFP1A/002/2004). from 13th Scientific Symposium of the Austrian Pharmacological Society (APHAR). Joint Meeting with the Austrian Society of Toxicology (ASTOX) and the Hungarian Society for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology (MFT) Vienna, Austria. 22–24 November 2007
Phenotypes and Genotypes of Patients with Pantothenate Kinase‐Associated Neurodegeneration in Asian and Caucasian Populations: 2 Cases and Literature Review (2013)

Our study demonstrates that the distribution of dystonia is the major distinction between subgroups of PKAN. Caucasian patients have more complex presentations than Asians. Exon 3 and 4 are hot spots for screening PANK2 mutations in Asian patients.
Magnetic tape manufacturing: surface quality control by electronic means (2002)

A novel test instrument that enables a continuous supervision of test samples during the manufacturing process is described. Based on a personal computer, the instrument is able to concurrently count amplitude variations in the range of 2 to 24 dB with lengths between 0.5 and 300 mu s. As an example, some results gained from a test series on different video tapes are given, showing less-known surface characteristics of new and used tapes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Two‐dimensional zymography for analysis of proteolytic enzymes in human pure pancreatic juice (1998)

Proteolytic enzymes in human pure pancreatic juice (PPJ), which was collected by cannulating the main pancreatic duct using endoscopy, were investigated by two-dimensional zymography (2-DZ). 2-DZ was carried out by combining isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the first dimension with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the second dimension, using gels containing casein or gelatin as a substrate for the proteolytic enzymes. After electrophoresis, the gels were incubated in Triton X-100 followed by incubation at 37 degrees C in Tris buffer (pH 8.5) containing CaCl2. By staining the gels with Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB R-250), proteolytic enzymes were detected as clear spots and zones against a blue background. Proteinase inhibitors, such as a cysteine proteinase inhibitor (E-64), a metalloproteinase inhibitor (EDTA), and a serine proteinase inhibitor (Pefabloc SC), were added to PPJ in order to determine the types of proteinases. In patients with pancreatic cancer, spots of molecular weight (Mr) 70,000 and isoelectric points (pI) 5.3-5.5 were clearly detected on the gels containing casein and gelatin, while these spots were not detected in the PPJ from healthy subjects. The proteolytic activities of these spots were strongly inhibited by EDTA and Pefabloc SC but not E-64. These results suggest that the spots of Mr 70,000 and pI 5.3-5.5 in PPJ of pancreatic cancer might be matrix metalloproteinase 2, which is a candidate for tumor-associated proteinase. 2-DZ proved to be a tool for analysis of proteolytic enzymes in PPJ and for the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Advances in cancer immunotherapy 2019 – latest trends (2019)

Immunotherapy has become an established pillar of cancer treatment improving the prognosis of many patients with a broad variety of hematological and solid malignancies. The two main drivers behind this success are checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. This review summarizes seminal findings from clinical and translational studies recently presented or published at important meetings or in top-tier journals, respectively. For checkpoint blockade, current studies focus on combinational approaches, perioperative use, new tumor entities, response prediction, toxicity management and use in special patient populations. Regarding cellular immunotherapy, recent studies confirmed safety and efficacy of CAR T cells in larger cohorts of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Different strategies to translate the striking success of CAR T cells in B cell malignancies to other hematological and solid cancer types are currently under clinical investigation. Regarding the regional distribution of registered clinical immunotherapy trials a shift from PD-1 / PD-L1 trials (mainly performed in the US and Europe) to CAR T cell trials (majority of trials performed in the US and China) can be noted.
<title>Color helmet display for the tactical environment: the pilot's chromatic perspective</title> (1992)

The applications of color symbology, graphics, and imagery in helmet-mounted displays have the potential to reduce workload and improve piloting performance. Unfortunately, there are three well-recognized paradigms that disallow the use of color in helmet-mounted displays in aviation environments. We provide evidence of three corresponding paradigm shfts that encourage the use of color in these displays. The rationales for these paradigm shifts are based on new methods of training and rehearsing, new lighting environments, and new display technologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Mono‐ and Sesquiterpenoids. Part 22. Synthesis of (+)‐ Pinthunamide, a Sesquiterpene Metabolite of a Fungus, Ampulliferina sp. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Reconstruction of 3D affine and Euclidean mesh models from video</title> (1998)

3D mesh modeling offers several advantages over 2D mesh modeling for object-based video manipulation including digital postprocessing and editing. This paper proposes a new method for automatic reconstruction of 3D affine and Euclidean mesh representations of objects from video sequences. Our approach is to first design a 2D mesh by selecting node points from a set of salient points followed by constrained Delaunay triangulation. Next, an improved 2D mesh tracking scheme is proposed that estimates motion vectors at the node points by global motion estimation followed by a local refinement scheme. A 3D mesh is then reconstructed by estimating the depth at these node points in an affine space using computer vision techniques. A Euclidean reconstruction is also computed by imposing additional constraints. Experimental results are provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the reconstructions.
[Research progress in lipoprotein (a): aspects of biochemistry and molecular biology]. (1996)

Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) is a LDL-like lipoprotein with an additional highly polymorphic glycoprotein--apolipoprotein (a) (apo(a)). Apo(a) bears great homology with plasminogen. Lp(a) is synthesized by liver and its degradation may be carried out by a nonspecific process. Apo(a) isoform size and plasma Lp(a) levels are mainly determined by apo(a) gene. Lp(a) can easily be deposited in arterial wall. It promotes growth of smooth muscle cells and inhibits fibrinolysis. These could be the mechanisms by which Lp(a) accelerates atherosclerosis and thrombosis. The physiological role of Lp(a) has not been clearly understood.
Migración, identidad y religiosidad en Sisid, Cañar (2010)

By sputtering organic films with 10 kV, 10 nA C60+ and 0.2 kV, 300 nA Ar+ ion beams concurrently and analyzing the newly exposed surface with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, organic thin-film devices including an organic light-emitting diode and a polymer solar cell with an inverted structure are profiled. The chemical composition and the structure of each layer are preserved and clearly observable. Although C60+ sputtering is proven to be useful for analyzing organic thin-films, thick organic-devices cannot be profiled without the low-energy Ar+ beam co-sputtering due to the nonconstant sputtering rate of the C60+ beam. Various combinations of ion-beam doses are studied in this research. It is found that a high dosage of the Ar+ beam interferes with the C60+ ion beam, and the sputtering rate decreases with increasing the total ion current. The results suggest that the low-energy single-atom projectile can disrupt the atom deposition from the cluster ion beams and greatly extend the application of the cluster ion-sputtering. By achievement of a steady sputtering rate while minimizing the damage accumulation, this research paves the way to profiling soft matter and organic electronics.
Initial results of LC-MAP: An institutional program to routinely profile tumor specimens for the presence of mutations in targetable pathways in all patients with lung adenocarcinoma. (2010)

7009 Background: Mutated oncogenes underlie the behavior of lung adenocarcinomas and can serve as targets for therapy. Determining the presence of these molecular abnormalities can direct the care of individual patients, qualify them for clinical trials, and aid research. To acquire this information on as many patients as feasible, in JAN 2009 our multidisciplinary Disease Management Team began a program (the Lung Cancer Mutation Analysis Project - LC-MAP), to prospectively detect all recurrent mutations in EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, HER2, PIK3CA, MEK1 and AKT1 and the EML4-ALK fusion gene in all patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma with sufficient tissue. Methods: Patients sign an institutional consent to permit the use of previously obtained (“leftover”) tissue for mutation profiling after standard morphologic and molecular diagnostic studies are complete. After PCR-based testing for EGFR exon 19 deletions and L858R, KRAS mutations are determined by direct sequencing, then remaining DNA is studied in a multiplexed mass-spectrometry-based system (Sequenom) to study 40 additional mutations in 7 genes. The EML4-ALK translocation is assayed by ALK FISH. Results: In the first six months, 301 patients entered the program. We completed all proposed testing in 92%. Mutations detected include 72 KRAS, 63 EGFR, 22 EML4-ALK, 1 BRAF, 4 PIK3CA, 0 HER2, 0 AKT1, and 0 MEK1. Based on this information, 27 patients with EGFR mutations received an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor. No patient with wild type EGFR or a KRAS mutation received an EGFR TKI. 24 patients were entered on clinical trials testing agents targeting the specific molecular abnormality detected. Conclusions: (1) The presence of relevant mutations can be routinely determined in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung. (2) The mutational data obtained can be used to select erlotinib or gefitinib for individuals with EGFR mutations and to identify patients appropriate for clinical trials of targeted therapies. (3) This effort supports making upfront genotyping of lung adenocarcinomas part of routine care. Support: P01 CA129243, Chandler Fund. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Pfizer
Sensorless adaptive control of permanent-magnet synchronous motors based on a voltage error vector (2002)

There has been significant development in and attention to sensorless control (i.e. measurement is replaced by estimation) of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) of various types. We present some intermediate results obtained with a position (and speed) estimation method based on a voltage error vector for PMSMs. The results mainly focus on the cancellation of periodic disturbances that appear in the real system, which causes instabilities in the estimation algorithm.
Quantized deep neural networks for energy efficient hardware-based inference (2018)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been adopted in many systems because of their higher classification accuracy, with custom hardware implementations great candidates for high-speed, accurate inference. While progress in achieving large scale, highly accurate DNNs has been made, significant energy and area are required due to massive memory accesses and computations. Such demands pose a challenge to any DNN implementation, yet it is more natural to handle in a custom hardware platform. To alleviate the increased demand in storage and energy, quantized DNNs constrain their weights (and activations) from floating-point numbers to only a few discrete levels. Therefore, storage is reduced, thereby leading to less memory accesses. In this paper, we provide an overview of different types of quantized DNNs, as well as the training approaches for them. Among the various quantized DNNs, our LightNN (Light Neural Network) approach can reduce both memory accesses and computation energy, by filling the gap between classic, full-precision and binarized DNNs. We provide a detailed comparison between LightNNs, conventional DNNs and Binarized Neural Networks (BNNs), with MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets. In contrast to other quantized DNNs that trade-off significant amounts of accuracy for lower memory requirements, LightNNs can significantly reduce storage, energy and area while still maintaining a test error similar to a large DNN configuration. Thus, LightNNs provide more options for hardware designers to trade-off accuracy and energy.
ChemInform Abstract: LIPOPHILIC ENTEROBACTIN ANALOGS. TERMINALLY N‐ALKYLATED SPERMINE/SPERMIDINE CATECHOLCARBOXAMIDES (1982)

Abstract Durch reduktive Alkylierung erhält man die endständig N,N"‐substituierten Amine (II), die zu den Brenzkatechincarboxamiden (III) acyliert werden.
Chemical modification and ligand binding studies with Escherichia coli glutamate synthase (1983)

The structure and function of Escherichia coli glutamate synthase were studied by ligand binding and chemical modification experiments. Binding of NADP+ was to a single dinucleotide site per alpha beta protomer with a Kd of approximately 5 microM. Phenylglyoxal modified an essential arginyl residue required for binding of NADP+. E. coli glutamate synthase thus employs a single dinucleotide binding site which functions in the NADPH to flavin electron transfer for glutamine-dependent glutamate synthase and for direct reduction of 2-iminoglutarate by NADPH in the NH3-dependent reaction. Binding of 2-oxoglutarate was complex. "Half of the sites" binding of 2-oxoglutarate (Kd less than 0.25 microM) was obtained in the absence of glutamine. Binding to half of the sites was pH independent. In the presence of glutamine, the 2-oxoglutarate binding ratio was approximately 1 equiv per protomer (Kd = 2-3 microM) at pH 7.5. This binding was pH dependent and varied between 0.43 equiv per protomer at pH 6.7 and 2.3 equiv per protomer at pH 9.0. Correlation of half of the sites binding with negative cooperativity for 2-oxoglutarate saturation indicates the utilization of low-Kd 2-oxoglutarate sites for NH3-dependent glutamate synthase. Binding of glutamine promotes a conformational change that exposes additional 2-oxoglutarate sites having a Kd of 2-3 microM which are utilized in the glutamine-dependent reaction. Chemical modification with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate caused inactivation of glutamine-dependent but not NH3-dependent glutamate synthase. Inactivation was ascribed to modification of one to two lysyl residues per protomer by Schiff base formation. The essential lysyl residue has a role in the binding of glutamine.
Ultrasound power Doppler and gray scale joint inflammation: What they reveal in rheumatoid arthritis (2019)

Ultrasound PD joint inflammation is associated with disease activity and is correlated with DAS28. In contrast, GS joint inflammation is associated with structural damage and is correlated with ultrasound-detected bone erosion.