gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pollutants and fish predator/prey behavior: A review of laboratory and field approaches (2012)

Abstract Fish behavior can be altered by contaminants. There is an extensive literature on laboratory behavioral assays, with many chemicals impairing feeding or predator avoidance. However, there is not extensive work on fishes that live in contaminated environments. Therefore, we then review our recent research on feeding and trophic relations of populations from contaminated estuaries compared with relatively unpolluted sites. The mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, is a non-migratory fish; those from more contaminated areas are poor predators and slower to capture active prey (grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio). In the field, they consume much detritus and sediment, which is not nutritious. They are less active than fish from cleaner sites and more vulnerable to predation. They have altered thyroid glands and neurotransmitter levels, which may underlie altered behaviors. Fish from the reference site kept in tanks with sediment and food from the polluted site showed bioaccumulation and reduced prey capture after two months, although fish from the polluted site did not show significant improvement when maintained in a clean environment. Poor nutrition and predator avoidance may be responsible for their being smaller and having a shorter life span than reference fish. Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix, are a marine species in which the young-of-the-year spend their first summer in estuaries. We found bioaccumulation of contaminants and reduced activity, schooling, and feeding in young-of-the-year bluefish from a relatively unpolluted site that were fed prey fish from a contaminated site. They also had altered thyroid glands and neuro-transmitter levels. Many field-caught specimens had empty stomachs, which is rare in this species. In the fall, when they migrate back out to the ocean, they are smaller, slower, and more likely to starve or to be eaten than those that spent their summer in cleaner estuaries.
The nature of newspaper coverage of homicide (2002)

Victim-suspect relationship was related to the nature of coverage of homicides in a large, metropolitan newspaper. Given the agenda setting and issue framing functions of the news media, these findings have implications for the manner in which the public and policy makers perceive homicides and, consequently, for the support afforded to various types of solutions for addressing and preventing violence.
Buffer overflow in variable length coding of fixed rate sources (1968)

In this paper, we develop and analyze an easily instrumentable scheme for variable length encoding of discrete memoryless fixed-rate sources in which buffer overflows result in codeword erasures at locations that are perfectly specified to the user. Thus, no loss of synchronism ever occurs. We find optimal (i.e., minimizing the probability of buffer overflow) code-wold length requirements under the Kraft inequality constraint, relative to various constant transmission rates <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</tex> , and show that these do not result in the minimal average code-word length. The corresponding bounds on the probability of buffer overflow provide a linkup between source coding and Rényi's generalized source entropy. We show, further, that codes having optimal word lengths can be constructed by the method of Elias, and we develop corresponding sequentially instrumented encoders and decoders. We show that the complexity of these encoders and decoders grows only linearly with the encoded message block length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> , provided the size <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</tex> of the coder alphabet is a power of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</tex> , and otherwise grows no worse than quadratically with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</tex> .
[The combination of VEGF-C expressing vector and the detection of expression in Tca8113 cell]. (2005)

The results indicated that the truncated VEGF-C cDNA was sufficient for expression, secretion and activation when it was transfected into Tca8113 cell.
Handling floating-point exceptions in numeric programs (1996)

There are a number of schemes for handling arithmetic exceptions that can be used to improve the speed (or alternatively the reliability) of numeric code. Overflow and underflow are the most troublesome exceptions, and depending on the context in which the exception can occur, they may be addressed either: (1) through a “brute force” reevaluation with extended range, (2) by reevaluating using a technique known as scaling , (3) by substituting an infinity or zero, or (4) in the case of underflow, with gradual underflow. In the first two of these cases, the offending computation is simply reevaluated using a safer but slower method. The latter two cases are cheaper, more automated schemes that ideally are built in as options within the computer system. Other arithmetic exceptions can be handled with similar methods. These and some other techniques are examined with an eye toward determining the support programming languages and computer systems ought to provide for floating-point exception handling. It is argued that the cheapest short-term solution would be to give full support to most of the required (as opposed to recommended) special features of the IEC/IEEE Standard for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic. An essential part of this support would include standardized access from high-level languages to the exception flags defined by the standard. Some possibilities outside the IEEE Standard are also considered, and a few thought on possible better-structured support within programming languages are discussed.
Nonlinear and Dynamic Optimization: From Theory to Practice (2007)

Note: url: http://lawww.epfl.ch/page4234.html Reference LA-TEACHING-2007-001 Record created on 2007-09-21, modified on 2017-05-10
NATURAL DISPERSION OF OIL IN A FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEM: DESAGUADERO PIPELINE SPILL, BOLIVIA (2001)

ABSTRACT During a flood event in January 2000, approximately 29,000 barrels of mixed crude oil and condensate was accidentally released from a fracture in the OSSA II pipeline at a crossing point on the Rio Desaguadero, Bolivia. The resultant downstream impact zone included over 400 km of river banks and 500 km2 of flooded lowlands within the Bolivian Altiplano. Analysis of stranded oil samples recovered from the riverbanks suggested that significant oil loss occurred by evaporation (&gt;40%). With additional data on the amount of surface oil remaining (&lt;0.2%) and oil recovered (3–13%) at the end of cleanup operations, it became apparent that a large fraction of the spilled oil remained unaccountable (27–37%). Laboratory tests were undertaken to assess if oil-mineral aggregate (OMA) formation—a natural process believed to promote rapid oil dispersion—may provide part of the explanation for this unaccounted loss. OMA were generated from local oil, sediment and water samples under simulated field conditions. Epi-fluorescence microscopy analysis verified the presence of flake aggregates that would be formed typically by the interaction of oil with smectite minerals (e.g. montmorillonite). On the basis of these microscopy observations and of mineral analysis of suspended material in water from the spill site, which revealed abundant smectite, it is hypothesized that OMA formation occurred, and that this process facilitated significant removal of residual oil from the ecosystem by enhancing biodegradation rates.
Response of insulin-like growth factor I and renal hemodynamics to a high- and low-protein diet in the rat. (1991)

An increase in plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) levels by growth hormone injection or IGF-I infusion can raise renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. However, it is not known whether a more physiological stimulus for IGF-I will also increase IGF-I in the kidney and whether the increase in renal or serum IGF-I is correlated with the increase in renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate. Male rats were pair fed either a high-protein (36% protein, N = 9) or a low-protein but isocaloric diet (9% protein, N = 9) for 10 to 14 days. Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate were then estimated by clearance measurements, and IGF-I was measured in extracted serum, liver, renal cortical tissue, and glomeruli. Body weight gain and combined kidney weight were higher in high-protein rats as compared with low-protein animals (0.86 +/- 0.02 SEM versus 0.77 +/- 0.02 g/100 g body wt; P less than 0.05), but liver weights were not different. Serum, liver, and glomerular IGF-I levels were also higher in the high-protein rats as compared with the low-protein animals (serum, 1.12 +/- 0.03 versus 0.80 +/- 0.06 U/mL, P less than 0.05; liver, 183 +/- 17 versus 117 +/- 16 mU/g wet wt, P less than 0.05; glomeruli, 7.43 +/- 0.73 versus 4.81 +/- 0.59 mU/mg of protein, P less than 0.05). In contrast, the renal cortical IGF-I levels were not different in high-protein versus low-protein rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biosynthesis of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate in Escherichia coli (1967)

An enzyme (L-glycerol 3-phosphate: CMP phosphatidyltransferase) catalyzing the synthesis of phosphatidyl glycerophosphate from CDP-diglyceride and L-glycerol 3-phosphate has been rendered soluble by treatment of the particulate, membrane-containing fraction of E. coli with Triton X-100 and has been partially purified. The enzyme, devoid of phosphatidyl glycerophosphatase activity, is specific for L-glycerol 3-phosphate and is completely dependent upon added Mg(++) or Mn(++) for activity. It has high affinity for CDP-diglyceride and can be used for the assay of this nucleotide. Other properties of the enzyme are also described.
A Study on a Control Method for Small BLDC Motor Sensorless Drive with the Single Phase BEMF and the Neutral Point (2014)

Brushless Direct Current(BLDC) Motor is essential to measure a rotor position because of that this motor type needs to synchronize the rotor"s position and changeover phase current instead of a brush and commutator used on the existing dc motor. Recently, many researches have studied on sensorless control drive for BLDC motor. The conventional control methods are a compensation value dq, Kalman filter, Fuzzy logic, Neurons neural network, and the like. These methods has difficulties of detecting BEMF accurately at low speed because of low BEMF voltage and switching noise. And also, the operation is long and complex. So, it is required a high-performance microprocessor. Therefore, it is not suitable for a small BLDC motor sensorless drive. This paper presents control methods suitable for economic small BLDC motor sensorless drive which are an improved design of the BEMF detection circuit, simplifying a complex algorithm and computation time reduction. The improved motor sensorless drive is verified stability and validity through being designed, manufactured and analyzed.
Flux Linkages and Electromagnetic Induction (1965)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation L. V. Bewley, H. L. Armstrong; Flux Linkages and Electromagnetic Induction. Am. J. Phys. 1 April 1965; 33 (4): 355–356. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1971521 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersAmerican Journal of Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Involvement of cAMP and cGMP in relaxation of internal anal sphincter by neural stimulation, VIP, and NO (1993)

We examined simultaneous changes in resting tension and tissue levels of the two second messengers, adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) and guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP), in the opossum internal anal sphincter (IAS). The influence of the nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) nerve stimulation (NS) by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and the putative neurotransmitters nitric oxide (NO) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on the above modalities was investigated. The fall in resting IAS tension in response to NS, NO, and VIP was accompanied by significant rises in both cGMP and cAMP. This fall and the levels of cAMP and cGMP were dependent on the intensity of EFS and the concentration of VIP and NO. EFS (2 Hz) caused a 63.5% fall of the resting tension with 61.7 and 118.2% rise of the tissue levels of cAMP and cGMP, respectively (P < 0.05). VIP (1 x 10(-6) M) caused an 81.5% fall of resting tension and 64.2 and 87.0% increases in cAMP and cGMP, respectively. Similarly, NO (1 x 10(-6) M) caused 69.6% fall in tension and an accompanying 93.4 and 415.9% rise of cAMP and cGMP, respectively. Although EFS, VIP, and NO all lowered IAS tension and raised both cyclic nucleotides, the changes in cAMP and cGMP in the IAS are otherwise stimulus specific, since fall in IAS tension by calcitonin gene-related peptide has been shown to be associated with an increase in cAMP without any change in cGMP, whereas the reverse was the case with atrial natriuretic factor. The common second messenger systems in IAS relaxation with NS, VIP, and NO suggest the involvement of VIP and NO as inhibitory neurotransmitters.
Aortic endothelial cell death and replication in normal and lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. (1985)

Endothelial cell death and replication was analyzed in the rat aorta with the use of combined IgG immunocytochemistry and 3H-thymidine autoradiography. Dead and replicating cells were clustered in the aortic endothelium of normal rats with a low level of spontaneous cell death and replication. Death and replication were also clustered in rats treated with endotoxin (Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), a substance which is cytotoxic to endothelial cells in culture. LPS caused a dramatic increase both in endothelial cell death and replication, while no endothelial denudation could be discerned with the use of the 111In-labeled platelet technique. We conclude that endothelial cell death and replication are topographically clustered phenomena, which may imply that cell death leads to a local stimulation of cell replication. Furthermore, LPS induces a massive cell death, which is paralleled by cell replication, yet does not cause any significant increase in denudation. This suggests that the primary effect of LPS on the vessel wall is its cytotoxicity for endothelial cells. Endothelial cell death appears to provide the stimulus for cell replication both in normal and in LPS-treated rats.
An efficient vector-based CRISPR/Cas9 system in an Oreochromis mossambicus cell line using endogenous promoters (2021)

CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is effective in manipulating genetic loci in mammalian cell cultures and whole fish but efficient platforms applicable to fish cell lines are currently limited. Our initial attempts to employ this technology in fish cell lines using heterologous promoters or a ribonucleoprotein approach failed to indicate genomic alteration at targeted sites in a tilapia brain cell line (OmB). For potential use in a DNA vector approach, endogenous tilapia beta Actin (OmBAct), EF1 alpha (OmEF1a), and U6 (TU6) promoters were isolated. The strongest candidate promoter determined by EGFP reporter assay, OmEF1a, was used to drive constitutive Cas9 expression in a modified OmB cell line (Cas9-OmB1). Cas9-OmB1 cell transfection with vectors expressing gRNAs driven by the TU6 promoter achieved mutational efficiencies as high as 81% following hygromycin selection. Mutations were not detected using human and zebrafish U6 promoters demonstrating the phylogenetic proximity of U6 promoters as critical when used for gRNA expression. Sequence alteration to TU6 improved mutation rate and cloning efficiency. In conclusion, we report new tools for ectopic expression and a highly efficient, economical system for manipulation of genomic loci and evaluation of their causal relationship with adaptive cellular phenotypes by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in fish cells.
Persistent Inflammation in the CNS during Chronic EAE Despite Local Absence of IL-17 Production (2013)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an artificially induced demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS) that resembles multiple sclerosis in its clinical, histopathological, and immunological features. Activated Th1 and Th17 cells are thought to be the main immunological players during EAE development. This study was designed to evaluate peripheral and local contribution of IL-17 to acute and chronic EAE stages. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with MOG plus complete Freund’s adjuvant followed by pertussis toxin. Mice presented an initial acute phase characterized by accentuated weight loss and high clinical score, followed by a partial recovery when the animals reached normal body weight and smaller clinical scores. Spleen cells stimulated with MOG produced significantly higher levels of IFN- γ during the acute period whereas similar IL-17 levels were produced during both disease stages. CNS-infiltrating cells stimulated with MOG produced similar amounts of IFN- γ but, IL-17 was produced only at the acute phase of EAE. The percentage of Foxp3+ Treg cells, at the spleen and CNS, was elevated during both phases. The degree of inflammation was similar at both disease stages. Partial clinical recovery observed during chronic EAE was associated with no IL-17 production and presence of Foxp3+ Treg cells in the CNS.
Amides of N-Acylcysteines as Mucolytic Agents (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmides of N-Acylcysteines as Mucolytic AgentsTellis A. Martin, David H. Causey, A. Leonard. Sheffner, Allan G. Wheeler, and John R. CorriganCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 6, 1172–1176Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00318a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00318a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views319Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[p53 gene expression of human hepatoma cell lines and their sensitivities to parvovirus H-1]. (1999)

DNA structure and expression of p53 gene in human hepatoma cell lines SMMC-7721, YY-8103 and a spontaneously transformed liver cell line L-02 were analysed using the following method: analysis of allelic losses on chromosome 17p, PCR/SSCP, Northern blot and immunoprecipitation. There was no point mutation found in the exons 4-9 of the p53 gene, and a low level of expression of p53 gene was detected in the three cell lines. These observations were in agreement to the reported results of the relevant experiment using the human hepatoma cell line QGY-7703. Sensitivities of these cell lines and other eight human hepatoma cell lines (QGY-7703, PLC/PRF/5, Tong/HCC, Huh-7, FOCUS, Hep3B, SK-Hep-1, HepG2) with known p53 backgrounds to parvovirus H-1 was assayed using MTT method. Abnormality in the structure and/or function was observed in all of the cell lines examined except HepG2. The cell line HepG2 with normal structure and function of the p53 gene was found to be the least sensitive to H-1 in comparison to all the cell lines which have defeated structure and/or function of the p53 gene. The present study serves as a preliminary evidence that enhancement of the sensitivity of human hepatoma cell lines to H-1 is correlated to the abnormality of the structure and/or function of the p53 gene.
Coupled-Cluster and Configuration-Interaction Calculations for Heavy Nuclei (2007)

We compare coupled-cluster (CC) and configuration-interaction (CI) results for (56)Ni obtained in the pf-shell basis, focusing on practical CC approximations that can be applied to systems with dozens or hundreds of correlated fermions. The weight of the reference state and the strength of correlation effects are controlled by the gap between the f(7/2) orbit and the f(5/2), p(3/2), p(1/2) orbits. Independent of the gap, the CC method with 1p-1h and 2p-2h clusters and a noniterative treatment of 3p-3h clusters is as accurate as the more demanding CI approach truncated at the 4p-4h level.
23-Na Studies of the stability of double stranded oligonucleotides (1997)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
TGF-β/Smad3 Signals Repress Chondrocyte Hypertrophic Differentiation and Are Required for Maintaining Articular Cartilage (2001)

Endochondral ossification begins from the condensation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells into cartilage. The cartilage then goes through a program of cell proliferation, hypertrophic differentiation, calcification, apoptosis, and eventually is replaced by bone. Unlike most cartilage, articular cartilage is arrested before terminal hypertrophic differentiation. In this study, we showed that TGF-beta/Smad3 signals inhibit terminal hypertrophic differentiation of chondrocyte and are essential for maintaining articular cartilage. Mutant mice homozygous for a targeted disruption of Smad3 exon 8 (Smad3(ex8/ex8)) developed degenerative joint disease resembling human osteoarthritis, as characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, formation of large osteophytes, decreased production of proteoglycans, and abnormally increased number of type X collagen-expressing chondrocytes in synovial joints. Enhanced terminal differentiation of epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes was also observed in mutant mice shortly after weaning. In an in vitro embryonic metatarsal rudiment culture system, we found that TGF-beta1 significantly inhibits chondrocyte differentiation of wild-type metatarsal rudiments. However, this inhibition is diminished in metatarsal bones isolated from Smad3(ex8/ex8) mice. These data suggest that TGF-beta/Smad3 signals are essential for repressing articular chondrocyte differentiation. Without these inhibition signals, chondrocytes break quiescent state and undergo abnormal terminal differentiation, ultimately leading to osteoarthritis.
Class of wave digital filters consisting only of adders and multipliers (1976)

In the letter, a class of wave digital filters is indicated which can be realised without using any subtraction operation. This simplifies the hardware circuit to be constructed.