gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of surrogate boilers for steam generators. Final report. [PWR] (1983)

Corrosion in PWR systems is a continuing problem that can result in significant expenditures for inspection, repair, and replacement of steam generators as well as for power replacement during outages. Model boilers operated in parallel to the steam generator may provide a useful tool for monitoring and studying steam generator corrosion and corrosion prevention processes. The potential benefits of such boilers as well as several conceptual boiler design alternatives are described, and approximate costs for fabrication and operation of such systems are presented.
Compartment size estimation with double wave vector diffusion‐weighted imaging (2008)

Double wave vector diffusion weighting uses gradients along two different directions between excitation and acquisition. It has been shown theoretically that for restricted diffusion the signal amplitude in such an experiment can depend on the angle between the two gradient vectors. The highest amplitude is obtained with antiparallel orientation, and the amplitude difference between parallel and antiparallel gradient orientations depends on the compartment size. The validity of this description is experimentally tested for water between polymer beads, for radish, and for porcine spinal cord, using a clinical MR system with limited gradient strength. The results indicate that the phenomenon is observable; however, the size of the signal difference is considerably diminished when compared with theory. This is attributed to violations of the approximating conditions underlying the theoretical description and to free diffusion contributions. It is concluded that the effect could successfully be used as a basis for developing a new noninvasive method for assessing cell size.
The branched-chain fatty acids of butterfat. 1. The isolation from butterfat of branched-chain fatty acids with special reference to the C17 acids (1951)

Research Article| December 01 1951 The branched-chain fatty acids of butterfat. 1. The isolation from butterfat of branched-chain fatty acids with special reference to the C17 acids R. P. Hansen; R. P. Hansen 1Fats Research Laboratory, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar F. B. Shorland F. B. Shorland 1Fats Research Laboratory, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1951) 50 (2): 207–210. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0500207 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. P. Hansen, F. B. Shorland; The branched-chain fatty acids of butterfat. 1. The isolation from butterfat of branched-chain fatty acids with special reference to the C17 acids. Biochem J 1 December 1951; 50 (2): 207–210. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0500207 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1951 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1951 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Semantics-based plausible reasoning to extend the knowledge coverage of medical knowledge bases for improved clinical decision support (2017)

Capturing complete medical knowledge is challenging-often due to incomplete patient Electronic Health Records (EHR), but also because of valuable, tacit medical knowledge hidden away in physicians’ experiences. To extend the coverage of incomplete medical knowledge-based systems beyond their deductive closure, and thus enhance their decision-support capabilities, we argue that innovative, multi-strategy reasoning approaches should be applied. In particular, plausible reasoning mechanisms apply patterns from human thought processes, such as generalization, similarity and interpolation, based on attributional, hierarchical, and relational knowledge. Plausible reasoning mechanisms include inductive reasoning, which generalizes the commonalities among the data to induce new rules, and analogical reasoning, which is guided by data similarities to infer new facts. By further leveraging rich, biomedical Semantic Web ontologies to represent medical knowledge, both known and tentative, we increase the accuracy and expressivity of plausible reasoning, and cope with issues such as data heterogeneity, inconsistency and interoperability. In this paper, we present a Semantic Web-based, multi-strategy reasoning approach, which integrates deductive and plausible reasoning and exploits Semantic Web technology to solve complex clinical decision support queries. We evaluated our system using a real-world medical dataset of patients with hepatitis, from which we randomly removed different percentages of data (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) to reflect scenarios with increasing amounts of incomplete medical knowledge. To increase the reliability of the results, we generated 5 independent datasets for each percentage of missing values, which resulted in 20 experimental datasets (in addition to the original dataset). The results show that plausibly inferred knowledge extends the coverage of the knowledge base by, on average, 2%, 7%, 12%, and 16% for datasets with, respectively, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of missing values. This expansion in the KB coverage allowed solving complex disease diagnostic queries that were previously unresolvable, without losing the correctness of the answers. However, compared to deductive reasoning, data-intensive plausible reasoning mechanisms yield a significant performance overhead. We observed that plausible reasoning approaches, by generating tentative inferences and leveraging domain knowledge of experts, allow us to extend the coverage of medical knowledge bases, resulting in improved clinical decision support. Second, by leveraging OWL ontological knowledge, we are able to increase the expressivity and accuracy of plausible reasoning methods. Third, our approach is applicable to clinical decision support systems for a range of chronic diseases.
Mutation-dependent suppression of recB21 recC22 by a region cloned from the Rac prophage of Escherichia coli K-12 (1985)

Using pBR322 as a vector, we cloned a 5.95-kilobase fragment of the Rac prophage together with 1.70 kilobases of a flanking Escherichia coli chromosome sequence. The resulting plasmid (pRAC1) was unable to suppress the mitomycin and UV sensitivity and recombination deficiency of a recB21 recC22 strain. Five spontaneous mitomycin-resistant derivatives contained deletion mutant plasmids. These plasmids also suppressed the UV sensitivity and recombination deficiency of their recB21 recC22 hosts. All five deletions were contained within a 2.45-kilobase EcoRI-to-HindIII segment of the plasmid. By substituting the corresponding 2.45-kilobase EcoRI-toHindIII fragments of Rac prophage isolated from sbcA+, sbcA6, and sbcA23 strains for the shortened segment of one of the deletion mutant plasmids, we were able to show that sbcA mutations map in this region. Also in this region is the site (or closely linked sites) at which previous studies had shown that insertion of Tn5 and IS50 leads to suppression of recB21 recC22. The sequence in this region that must be altered or circumvented to allow suppression is discussed. Also presented are data correlating the expression of nuclease activity with the degree of suppression.
PP.13.23 (2015)

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of chronic ethanol consumption on the erectile function and blood pressure, and on the endothelinergic system and oxidative stress in cavernosal tissue of rats. Design and method: All protocols were approved by the local Ethics Committee (12.1.317.53.9). Male Wistar rats were divided in two groups: ethanol group–treated with ethanol (20% vol/vol) for 6 weeks; control group–water for 6 weeks. Results: In cumulative concentration-response curves for Endothelin 1 (ET-1), the ET-1-induced contraction was higher in ethanol-treated rats (36.1 ± 2.7% KCl 120 mM; n = 5) compared to control group (20.7 ± 0.9% KCl 120 mM; n = 5). In ethanol group, the contraction induced by ET-1 was significantly reduced in the presence of apocynin (100 μmol/L), an inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase. Plasma antioxidant activity was higher in ethanol group (4.81 ± 0.19 mmol/L; n = 11) than control group (2.52 ± 0.17 mmol/L; n = 10). Catalase levels were higher in ethanol group (156.0 ± 13.42 U/mL; n = 10 and 225.3 ± 37.54 U/mg protein; n = 9) when compared to control group (108.0 ± 10.34 U/mL; n = 10 and 93.52 ± 17.57 U/mg protein; n = 9) in plasma and cavernosal tissue, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels in the cavernosal tissue were lower in ethanol group (3.13 ± 0.63 pmol/μg protein; n = 7 and 3.77 ± 0.32 pmol/μg protein; n = 8) when compared to control group (5.12 ± 0.53 pmol/μg protein; n = 7 and 6.15 ± 0.76 pmol/μg protein; n = 8), respectively. No difference was found in level of glutathione between groups. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in ethanol group (119.9 ± 1.57 mmHg; n = 9) than control group (103.5 ± 2.89 mmHg; n = 10). The intracavernosal pressure (ICP)/MAP measured in vivo under electrical stimulation of the major pelvic ganglion was lower in rats of ethanol group (0.23 ± 0.04; n = 7) compared to control group (0.39 ± 0.05; n = 9). Conclusions: These results show that the chronic ethanol consumption affects the blood pressure and erectile function, which can be related to activated endothelinergic system and increased oxidative stress in cavernosal tissue. Financial Support: FAPESP.
Zygosity and chorionicity in triplet pregnancies: new data (2008)

This study is the first report to present the cross-distribution of chorionicity and zygosity in triplet pregnancies as a function of their mode of conception. In triplet pregnancies conceived using ART, DC triplets are always DZ, and TC triplets are almost always TZ.
Temperature Effects on the Stability of Intermediates and Crosslinks in Sulfur Vulcanization (1984)

Abstract The dependence of the physical properties of sulfur vulcanizates of diene rubbers on network structure is reviewed and the influence of degree of crosslinking, crosslink structure, and main-chain modification are discussed. In polyisoprenes, these are determined, in practice, by the balance between three competing types of reaction: the conversion of polysulfidic pendent groups into polysulfidic crosslinks; the desulfuration of polysulfidic pendent groups and crosslinks, eventually to the corresponding monosulfides, with recirculation of the removed sulfur into the crosslinking pathway; thermal decomposition of di- and polysulfidic pendent groups and crosslinks with the formation of cyclic sulfide, conjugated diene and triene, and cis, trans -isomerized groups in the rubber chains. At temperatures above about 160°C, the thermal breakdown of monosulfide crosslinks and pendent groups has to be considered. Zinc accelerator-thiolate complexes play a central role in controlling the balance between the various reactions because they promote the primary sulfuration of the rubber to form polysulfidic pendent groups and the conversion of these to crosslinks; they are the agents which desulfurate both pendent groups and crosslinks; they catalyze polysulfide exchange reactions; and in some cases they promote the decomposition of crosslinks. Other factors which affect the balance between these reactions are the temperature and the structure of the main rubber chain in the immediate vicinity of the crosslink. The latter is, in turn, at least partly controlled by the structure and concentration of zinc accelerator-thiolate complexes. The vulcanization of polybutadiene rubbers deviates substantially from this reaction pattern, evidently because the bulk of the accelerator becomes irreversibly bound to the rubber at an early stage. This denudes the vulcanizing system of zinc accelerator-thiolate complexes and, therefore, prevents desulfuration from occurring. The crosslinks thus remain di- and polysulfidic and are apparently less prone to decomposition than in the case of the polyisoprene rubbers, since cyclic sulfides and conjugated hydrocarbon groupings seem not to be prominent products. The removal of accelerator leaves the system unresponsive to zinc and gives it the characteristics of unaccelerated vulcanization with the result that vicinal crosslinking and crosslinks with saturated chain junctions become important products.
Substrate resistance modeling and circuit-level simulation of parasitic device coupling effects for CMOS I/O circuits under ESD stress (2002)

In CMOS technologies, the layout and placement of devices and substrate contacts can have significant impact on the circuit's ESD (electrostatic discharge) performance due to their interactions through the common silicon substrate. To perform accurate circuit-level ESD simulation, a circuit model for the silicon substrate is needed. In this work, we propose a new substrate resistance network model. In addition, we provide a novel and accurate substrate resistance extractor iSREX (Illinois substrate resistance extractor) using the 3D finite difference method. It takes into account the three-dimensional effects of the vertical substrate doping profile and the substrate contact placement. The usefulness of the proposed model and the resistance extractor for layout optimization is demonstrated with a case study.
Growth differentiation factor 6 derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells reduces age-related functional deterioration in multiple tissues (2016)

The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has attracted attention as a mechanism that connects cellular senescence to tissue dysfunction, and specific SASP factors have been identified as systemic pro-aging factors. However, little is known about the age-dependent changes in the secretory properties of stem cells. Young, but not old, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a well-known source of critical regenerative factors, but the identity of these factors remains elusive. In this study, we identified growth differentiation factor 6 (Gdf6; also known as Bmp13 and CDMP-2) as a regenerative factor secreted from young MSCs. The expression of specific secretory factors, including Gdf6, was regulated by the microRNA (miRNA) miR-17, whose expression declined with age. Upregulation of Gdf6 restored the osteogenic capacity of old MSCs in vitro and exerted positive effects in vivo on aging-associated pathologies such as reduced lymphopoiesis, insufficient muscle repair, reduced numbers of neural progenitors in the brain, and chronic inflammation. Our results suggest that manipulation of miRNA could enable control of the SASP, and that regenerative factors derived from certain types of young cells could be used to treat geriatric diseases.
Utilizing Fluid and Proppant Tracer Results to Analyze Multi-Fractured Well Flow Back in Shales: A Framework for Optimizing Fracture Design and Application (2011)

Abstract Fluid and proppant tracers and other simple measurements in returning load water flow back can be very useful in helping to describe fracture development in shales; including such parameters as fracture complexity, frac conductivity, height growth, frac barrier effectiveness, well-to-well and frac-to-frac interference, water entry points and general fracturing execution. For most engineers, flow back ion charts have often had little relevance beyond estimating frac stage flow back activity; however, combining fluid tracer information with low-level gamma emitting proppant tracers, microseismic, simple salinity measurements and water return rate can help describe fracture and formation behaviors that lead to faster optimization of fracturing design and application. This paper will use fluid and proppant tracer results from over a hundred shale frac stages in horizontal wells along with other measurements of frac flow back and blend them with microseismic, frac pumping records, production logging and production results to build a framework for better analysis of frac flow back.
Transversal Filters for Pulse Spectroscopy (1975)

Transversal filtering consists of forming an output signal from the suitably weighted sum of successively delayed samples of a given input waveform. Although such filters exhibit many attractive features, economic considerations have previously limited their hardware implementation to rather few areas, primarily the fields of communications and radar. However, recent technological developments have significantly reduced the cost of the multiple tapped-delay operations that are required in such filters, thereby greatly expanding their potential areas of application. The purpose of the present paper is two-fold, first to serve as a general introduction to the possibilities of transversal filters for the processing of isolated randomaly distributed pulses (such as occur in experimental nuclear physics), and second to introduce a new implementation of such filters in the form of capacitively tapped delay lines. This latter form of transversal filter is readily fabricated and is well suited for operation on pulses in the few nanosecond to few microsecond time range.
Two aspects of DNA polymorphism and microheterogeneity: molecular electrostatic potential and steric accessibility. (1982)

International audience
State-of-the-Art of Seizure Prediction (2007)

Although there are numerous studies exploring basic neuronal mechanisms that are likely to be associated with seizures, to date no definite information is available as to how, when, or why a seizure occurs in humans. The fact that seizures occur without warning in the majority of cases is one of the most disabling aspects of epilepsy. If it were possible to identify preictal precursors from the EEG of epilepsy patients, therapeutic possibilities and quality of life could improve dramatically. The last three decades have witnessed a rapid increase in the development of new EEG analysis techniques that appear to be capable of defining seizure precursors. Since the 1970s, studies on seizure prediction have advanced from preliminary descriptions of preictal phenomena and proof of principle studies via controlled studies to studies on continuous multiday recordings. At present, it is unclear whether prospective algorithms can predict seizures. If prediction algorithms are to be used in invasive seizure intervention techniques in humans, they must be proven to perform considerably better than a random predictor. The authors present an overview of the field of seizure prediction, its history, accomplishments, recent controversies, and potential for future development.
[Advance of diagnosis and management of fatty liver disease in 2012]. (2013)

脂肪性肝病(fatty liver disease,FLD)是一组以肝细胞大泡性脂肪变为病理特征并可进展为脂肪性肝炎和肝硬化的异质性疾病,包括酒精性肝病(ALD)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)以及特殊原因所致脂肪肝等三大类型[1-2].随着人口老龄化和病毒性肝炎的有效防治以及肥胖症和酒精滥用的广泛流行,已成为终末期肝病的重要原因并导致FLD患者愈来愈多[1-4].此外,糖脂毒性和酒精滥用与其他损肝因素合并存在时,可促进慢性病毒性肝炎和原发性血色病的发生和发展;脂肪沉积的肝脏对药物和工业毒物以及缺血缺氧的耐受性下降,容易发生中毒性和缺血性肝损害;脂肪肝作为供体易发生原发性移植肝无功能,中重度脂肪肝患者肝脏大手术后并发症和死亡率增高;NAFLD及其严重类型非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)与2型糖尿病互为因果且增加恶性肿瘤和动脉硬化性心脑血管疾病发病率[1-6]. 关键词：肝疾病,酒精性;脂肪肝;肝移植;代谢综合征
Aerodynamics of Flapping Flight With Application to Insects (1951)

ABSTRACT General formulae are derived giving the lift, thrust and power when the wing motion is specified. The formulae are applied to twenty-five insects for which quantitative data are available. Average values for lift and drag coefficients, CL and CD, are derived by equating the weight to the vertical force and the thrust to the horizontal drag of the body. The large drag and lift coefficients obtained for insect flight are attributed to acceleration effects. There is a distinct correlation between and the ratio of the flapping velocity of the wings to the linear velocity of flight. When this ratio and therefore the accelerations are small, the force coefficients do not exceed those to be expected for flat plates. Owing to the nature of the assumptions and approximations made, the values derived for CD, CL and CD/CL are minimum values. Other characteristics of insect flight are discussed. In general, insects fly in such a way as to minimize the mechanical power required. In most, but not all cases, the useful force is the one perpendicular rather than parallel to the relative wind. The wing tips should move in a figure 8, the down beat should be slower than the up beat, and the majority of the necessary force must be supplied on the down beat. Figures are given using the data from the twenty-five insects considered, showing average relations between power, specific power, mass, acceleration forces, force coefficients and geometrical dimensions. The power per gram, the ‘wasted power’, and the force coefficients all increase as the importance of the acceleration forces increases. When plotted as functions of mass, quantities involving the power show much less dispersion than quantities involving the geometrical dimensions. This is taken to mean that despite the diversity of insect form, as ‘power plants’, they are all essentially similar. A table of the observed or adopted flight parameters (frequency of beating, mass, wing area, velocity of flight, amplitude and orientation of wing motion) is appended.
A Feasibility Study on a New Doubly Salient Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Machine (2010)

Permanent magnet linear synchronous motors (PMLSMs) have been successfully adopted in a wide variety of industry applications due to improved servo-capability and outstanding dynamic characteristics. However, the conventional PMLSMs need a large amount of permanent magnet (PM) material in the stator resulting in significant cost rise. This paper proposes and analyzes a new doubly salient PM linear synchronous machine (DSPMLSM). The proposed configuration consists of consequent pole stator to reduce PM material and modular mover structure to reduce force ripples. Four different models are chosen and compared by two-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). The analysis reveals that the proposed DSPMLSM uses only a half amount of PMs, while retaining almost the same characteristics as the conventional PMLSMs.
de novo Design and Synthesis of Candida antarctica Lipase B Gene and α-Factor Leads to High-Level Expression in Pichia pastoris (2013)

Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) is one of the most widely used and studied enzymes in the world. In order to achieve the high-level expression of CALB in Pichia, we optimized the codons of CALB gene and α-factor by using a de novo design and synthesis strategy. Through comparative analysis of a series of recombinants with different expression components, we found that the methanol-inducible expression recombinant carrying the codon-optimized α-factor and mature CALB gene (pPIC9KαM-CalBM) has the highest lipase production capacity. After fermentation parameters optimization, the lipase activity and protein content of the recombinant pPIC9KαM-CalBM reached 6,100 U/mL and 3.0 g/L, respectively, in a 5-L fermentor. We believe this strategy could be of special interest due to its capacity to improve the expression level of target gene, and the Pichia transformants carrying the codon-optimized gene had great potential for the industrial-scale production of CALB lipase.
Detection of posterior vortex veins in eyes with pathologic myopia by ultra-widefield indocyanine green angiography (2017)

Wide-field ICGA can analyse the characteristic features of choroidal blood outflow system through posterior vortex veins in highly myopic eyes. They may play an important role as routes of choroidal outflow in highly myopic eyes.