gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cecal fermentations in rats fed oligosaccharides (inulin) are modulated by dietary calcium level (1993)

The influence of Ca on the fermentation of dietary oligosaccharides in the large intestine has been investigated in four groups of rats fed different semipurified diets: 1) fiber free, 3 g Ca/kg; 2) fiber free, 8 g Ca/kg; 3) 15% inulin, 3 g Ca/kg; or 4) 15% inulin, 8 g Ca/kg. The cecal fermentations were very low in rats fed the fiber-free diets and were not affected by the dietary Ca level. Rats fed the inulin diets had enlarged cecum with acidic fermentations, relatively rich in propionic acid. In this diet group rats adapted to the 3 g Ca/kg level had very acidic fermentations and depressed volatile fatty acid concentrations together with an accumulation of lactic acid (L and D isomers). Inulin diets brought about a rise in the crypt column height and in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in cecal mucosa, especially in the 3 g Ca/kg diet group. There was considerable accumulation of insoluble Ca and Pi in the cecum of rats fed high-Ca diets. Inulin feeding increased the percentage of soluble Ca and Pi; Ca absorption from the cecum was also markedly higher in rats fed inulin and was influenced by the dietary Ca level. The concentrations of soluble bile acids were depressed in rats fed inulin diets, which enhanced the fecal excretion of bile acids. These effects were poorly altered by changes in the dietary Ca level. In vitro it appears that CaPi is effective in decreasing the solubility of bile salts, chiefly in acidic conditions. In conclusion there is in the large intestine a system of control of luminal pH, which involves the presence of insoluble Ca and Pi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Metformin exerts multitarget antileukemia activity in JAK2V617F-positive myeloproliferative neoplasms (2018)

The recurrent gain-of-function JAK2<sup>V617F</sup> mutation confers growth factor-independent proliferation for hematopoietic cells and is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN). The lack of complete response in most patients treated with the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib indicates the need for identifying novel therapeutic strategies. Metformin is a biguanide that exerts selective antineoplastic activity in hematological malignancies. In the present study, we investigate and compare effects of metformin and ruxolitinib alone and in combination on cell signaling and cellular functions in JAK2<sup>V617F</sup>-positive cells. In JAK2<sup>V617F</sup>-expressing cell lines, metformin treatment significantly reduced cell viability, cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and cellular oxygen consumption and delayed cell cycle progression. Metformin reduced cyclin D1 expression and RB, STAT3, STAT5, ERK1/2 and p70S6K phosphorylation. Metformin plus ruxolitinib demonstrated more intense reduction of cell viability and induction of apoptosis compared to monotherapy. Notably, metformin reduced Ba/F3 JAK2<sup>V617F</sup> tumor burden and splenomegaly in Jak2<sup>V617F</sup> knock-in-induced MPN mice and spontaneous erythroid colony formation in primary cells from polycythemia vera patients. In conclusion, metformin exerts multitarget antileukemia activity in MPN: downregulation of JAK2/STAT signaling and mitochondrial activity. Our exploratory study establishes novel molecular mechanisms of metformin and ruxolitinib action and provides insights for development of alternative/complementary therapeutic strategies for MPN.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND EIGENSCHAFTEN STABILER PALLADIUM(0)‐CARBONYL‐KOMPLEXE MIT TRIPHENYLPHOSPHIN (1972)

Abstract Mit einem Triphenylphosphin‐Überschuß reagiert Palladium(II)‐acetylacetonat (I) zu dem auch aus (III) darstellbaren Komplex (II), während äquimolare Mengen der Reaktanten zu der dreikernigen Cluster‐Verbindung (IV) führen.
Three-octave terahertz pulses from optical rectification of 20 fs, 1 <i>μ</i>m, 78 MHz pulses in GaP (2018)

We demonstrate optical rectification of 1 m pulses with a duration of 20 fs, a repetition-rate of 78 MHz and an average power of 5.5 W, in a 2 mm thick GaP crystal. The spectrum of the resulting far-infrared pulses is centered at 1.5 THz and extends to 5 THz at -50 dB intensity. In the absence of resonant absorption of GaP in this range, the spectrum has a well-behaved shape, facilitating spectroscopic applications. In the context of the recent rapid evolution of high-power Yb-based femtosecond laser systems, these results show a viable route towards sources of THz pulses combining broad bandwidth, high average power and a smooth spectral shape.
A novel transform domain fully digital PN code tracking loop (2002)

Due to the nature of the code waveforms typically used in direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) communication systems, the issue of pseudo-noise (PN) code synchronization is important. In this paper, fine synchronization (code tracking) is considered. A novel frequency domain approach to PN code tracking is proposed. The new method is based on the fuzzy technique. The code-timing is recovered by a tracking loop including the frequency domain fuzzy code phase estimator, the variable delay line and so on. The new tracking loop is fully digital and programmable, and hence is more stable to changes in environment parameters, which often influence the performance of analog loops. The structure and algorithm for the new tracking loop are presented and its performance is evaluated. Simulation results show that the frequency domain fuzzy tracking loop provides good performance even at low E/sub b//N/sub 0/ when the delay variation is slow.
Li-Rich Mn/Ni Layered Oxide as Electrode Material for Lithium Batteries: A <sup>7</sup>Li MAS NMR Study Revealing Segregation into (Nanoscale) Domains with Highly Different Electrochemical Behaviors (2016)

We present a 7Li MAS NMR study carried out before (pristine material) and during the first cycle of charge/discharge of Li[Li0.2Mn0.61Ni0.18Mg0.01]O2 layered oxide, a promising active material for positive electrode in Li-ion batteries. For the pristine material, at least five NMR signals were observed. To analyze these results, we developed an 18 cation local model (first and second spheres) aiming at identifying very precise cationic (Li+, Mn4+/Ni2+) configurations compatible with all our NMR data while satisfying local electroneutrality constraints (the key ingredient of our approach). Our results strongly suggest that the material presents two types of coexisting nanoscale domains. The first type is highly ordered and consists of pure Li2MnO3 cores (volume ∼58%), while the second more disordered type concentrates most of the Ni and is labeled LiMO2-like (volume ∼20%) where M = Mn1/2Ni1/2. Finally, at the interphase of these two Ni-free and Ni-rich domains, there are slightly Ni-contaminated Li2MnO3-like regions, most probably surrounding the Li2MnO3 domains and thus labeled “Ni-poor boundaries” (volume ∼21%). This partition is confirmed by the behavior of the NMR signals during the first electrochemical cycle. At the initial state of charge (≤4.3 V), Li-ion extraction occurs mainly from the (Ni-rich) Li1–xMO2-like domains via Ni2+ oxidation. At higher states of charge (≥4.5 V), the Li2MnO3-like domains become highly involved via oxygen-based (ir)reversible oxidation processes, leading to significant structural transformations. During discharge, only ∼60% of the initial lithium is reinserted into the structure. The (Ni-rich) LiMO2-like domains are fully refilled (via reversible Ni4+ reduction into Ni2+), while the ordered Li2MnO3-like domains experience a significant size decrease after the first cycle of charge/discharge. The originality of the present approach consists of analyzing NMR data with a new model that includes at its heart local electroneutrality constraints. This model allowed us to shed light on the processes occurring in the Li-rich Mn/Ni layered oxide compound during the first electrochemical cycle on the microscopic level.
1.5 Tbit/s (75 × 20 Gbit/s) DWDM Transmission Using Er 3+ -Doped Tellurite Fiber Amplifiers and a Single Otdm Demultiplexing Scheme (2002)

1.5 Tbit/s (75 times 20 Gbit/s) DWDM transmission with 61 nm continuous bandwidth over 200 km was successfully demonstrated by employing Er3+-doped tellurite fiber amplifiers and a single OTDM demultiplexing scheme using injection locking mode-locked laser diode for subharmonic optical clock recovery
Film-type connection system toward flexible electronics (2014)

A thin electric connector has been required for use in mobile electronics. Although an anisotropic conducting adhesive technology, e.g., the use of an anisotropic conductive film (ACF), has been developed to meet the demand, the technology is not suitable for flexible electronic devices based on plastic materials, since the plastic films used will change their mechanical properties by pressure and heat. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel film-type connector composed of a base material such as polyimide, an adhesive layer that deforms elastically against pressure, and electrodes arranged on the adhesive layer. In this study, the contact resistance of a film-type connector is investigated and compared with that of an ACF joint through four tests related to reliability. Results of the tests show that the film-type connector is more useful than the ACF joint in areas such as future flexible fine-pitch interconnections.
Steady and fluctuating pressures at transonic speeds on two space-vehicle payload shapes (1962)

Transonic wind tunnel tests on Centaur and Able V models for steady and fluctuating pressure measurement
Turning Frustration into Bond Activation: A Theoretical Mechanistic Study on Heterolytic Hydrogen Splitting by Frustrated Lewis Pairs (2008)

Just before splitting: A mechanistic model has been proposed for H2 activation by sterically demanding phosphine–borane Lewis pairs. There is theoretical evidence for noncovalent intermolecular association of donor–acceptor molecules to form a flexible but energetically strained complex, which provides preorganized active centers for heterolytic HH bond cleavage (see picture). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z705586_s.html or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Experimental Study of the Pipeline Lubrication for Heavy Oil Transport (2004)

Heavy oil is accessible in different areas around the world in large amount. Unfortunately its high viscosity makes it difficult to produce and to transport. In this article we focus on transport problems. Pressure drop in the pipes must be lower as possible to limit pump power and to be able to transport in long distance. In the case of heavy oil, the high viscosity leads to huge pressure drop that makes it impossible to simply pump the fluid in single-phase flow, even of large diameter. Different solutions have been developed to transport heavy oil in pipeline like dilution of the crude oil in a lighter one. In this study we experiment a solution that do not modify the viscosity of the oil phase but transform the flow regime of transport: pipeline lubrication. Pipeline lubrication is a technique based on core-annular flow regime and used for pressure drop reduction in the transport of very viscous products. A thin water film adjacent to the internal pipe wall lubricates the internal oil core leading to a longitudinal pressure gradient reduction. An experimental study has been carried out where the influence of the different parameters, which could affect the lubrication process, has been optimised, using water as the annulus and heavy oil as the core of the flow. The tests were conducted in steady laminar flow at moderate flow rates. The results, obtained with annular water injection at the pipe wall, show a pressure drop reduction over than 90% as compared with the same product in flow without lubrication. These results confirm the effectiveness of the lubricating process for heavy oil transport. We also showed that density difference is responsible to particular evolution of the pressure drop with the flow rate.
A comparison of hospitalized children with enterovirus D68 to those with rhinovirus (2017)

Patients with EV-D68 versus rhinovirus were more likely to have a history of asthma, to present with status asthmaticus, to wheeze on admission, and to receive treatment with asthma medications in hospital and at discharge. The inability of common assays to distinguish EV-D68 from rhinoviruses raises the possibility that the role of EV-D68 as a viral trigger of asthma has been under appreciated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:827-832. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The role of oxygen limitation in the resistance of agar-entrapped, sessile-like <i>Escherichia coli</i> to aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics (1995)

Viable cells of Escherichia coli were entrapped in agar gel layers to form artificial biofilm-like structures. Killing assays of immobilized organisms by latamoxef and tobramycin were performed under different oxygenation conditions of the culture medium and compared with free-cell experiments. Under moderate aeration, agar-entrapped bacteria displayed higher resistance to the two antibiotics than suspended cells. Slow-growing free-cell cultures were resistant to latamoxef but not to tobramycin. In anaerobic incubation conditions, suspended organisms were highly resistant to the two antibiotics. Sustained oxygenation enhanced tobramycin efficacy against free and immobilized cells. These results show that oxygen deficiency in the gel layer contributes to the enhanced antibiotic resistance of sessile-like cells.
Analysis of the Exchange Reaction Between Nitrogen and Aluminum Nitride (1971)

A model has been proposed to simulate the rate of isotopic exchange of a solid with a gas formed by its decomposition. The model considers the effect of the vaporization and condensation reactions, accompanied by effusion of the gas from a Knudsen cell, on the measured rate of exchange. The reaction rate constants for the vaporization of nitrogen from and the condensation of N2 and gaseous Al on solid , at near equilibrium conditions, have been calculated. The condensation and the vaporization coefficients have been formulated in terms of the kinetic processes. The model has been applied to data of Hoch and Ramakrishnan (1) for the isotopic exchange reaction of nitrogen on aluminum nitride.
Application of Ultrasonic Spectroscopy to Polymers and Liquid Crystal (1985)

A new measuring system for ultrasonic spectroscopy was constructed, utilizing piezoelectric polymer films as wide-band transducers. By conducting FFT analysis on the ultrasonic pulses transmitted through specimens, the frequency spectra of attenuation over a wide range of about 1 to 10 MHz could be obtained simultaneously. In a test of its performance, this measuring system was successfully applied to nondestructive testing in various polymers and a study of the nematic-isotropic phase transition in liquid crystal MBBA.
Elastic scattering and laser-induced fluorescence measurements used to stdy additives in thermally stressed jet fuel (1992)

Development of an optical diagnostic apparatus to study the formation of particulates in thermally stressed jet fuel. The device was used to evaluate the difference in thermal stability between a base jet fuel and an additized version. Elastic scattering from the base fuel exhibited dual slope Arrhemius-type behaviour. The fuel additive was shown to reduce the limiting reaction rate of particulate formation at high temperature
Volatile Sulfur Compounds as The Cause of Bad Breath: A Review (2012)

Abstract Bad breath or halitosis is a concern for millions of people. Halitosis is subdivided into intraoral and extraoral halitosis, depending on the place where it originates. About 90% of halitosis originates within the oral cavity and includes bacterial reservoirs such as the dorsum of the tongue, where anaerobic bacteria degrade the sulfur containing amino acids cysteine and methionine into the foul smelling volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH). Tongue coating is considered to be the most important source of VSCs. Intraoral halitosis can be treated effectively by cleaning the tongue with a tongue-scraper and by using special mouthrinses. Extraoral halitosis can be subdivided into non-blood-borne halitosis such as halitosis from the nose and the respiratory tract, and into blood-borne halitosis. The majority of patients with extraoral halitosis have blood-borne halitosis, frequently caused by the odorous VSC dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3). Extraoral halitosis, covering about 5–10% of all cases of halitosis, might be a manifestation of a serious disease. It is of utmost importance to differentiate between intraoral and extraoral halitosis, which can easily be done by comparing mouth breath with nose breath. The importance of applying odor characteristics in halitosis research is also highlighted.
Development of a New Gas Turbine Super Alloy GMR-235 (1955)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">DESCRIBED here is a new nickel-base alloy offering a combination of high-temperature strength, adequate ductility, and low strategic alloy content.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Used in gas-turbine buckets where extremely high temperatures are encountered, GMR-235 has undergone a program of laboratory testing, development of foundry production and control methods, and extensive field testing with no failures.</div></div>
IMC-A12, a Human IgG1 Monoclonal Antibody to the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Receptor (2007)

Targeted monoclonal antibody therapy is an important strategy in cancer therapeutics. Among the most promising characteristics of therapeutic targets are those that modulate the growth and survival of malignant neoplasms and their sensitivity to anticancer therapies. The insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is overexpressed in many types of solid and hematopoietic malignancies, and has been implicated as a principal cause of heightened proliferative and survival signaling. IGF-IR has also been shown to confer resistance to cytotoxic, hormonal, and targeted therapies, suggesting that therapeutics targeting IGF-IR may be effective against a broad range of malignancies. IMC-A12 (ImClone Systems Incorporated), a fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody that binds with high affinity to the IGF-IR, inhibits ligand-dependent receptor activation and downstream signaling. IMC-A12 also mediates robust internalization and degradation of the IGF-IR. In human tumor xenograft models, IGF-IR blockade by IMC-A12 results in rapid and profound growth inhibition of cancers of the breast, lung, colon, and pancreas, and many other neoplasms. Although promising single-agent activity has been observed, the most impressive effects of targeting the IGF-IR with IMC-A12 have been noted when this agent was combined with cytotoxic agents or other targeted therapeutics. The results with IMC-A12 to date suggest that it may be an effective therapeutic in a diverse array of oncologic indications.
Cross-updated active noise control system with online secondary path modeling (2001)

A good active noise control (ANC) system with online secondary path modeling should have the property that the operation of the ANC controller and the modeling of the secondary path are mutually independent. A new ANC system with online secondary path modeling is presented. Three cross-updated least mean square (LMS) adaptive filters are used to reduce mutual disturbances between the operation of the ANC controller and the modeling of the secondary path. Computer simulations have been conducted and the results show that the proposed method is able to produce superior performance compared to existing methods.
The tissue distribution of T lymphocytes expressing different CD45 polypeptides. (1989)

The distribution of T lymphocytes expressing the different polypeptides of the leucocyte common antigen (LCA) family detected by CD45R and UCHL1 antibodies has been studied in normal lymphoid tissues. In the thymus most cortical thymocytes express UCHL1 and co-express CD4 and CD8. The more mature membrane CD3+ (mainly medullary) T cells are heterogenous and may express both UCHL1 and CD45R weakly or be restricted to display CD45R or UCHL1 alone. In the medulla both the CD45R+ and UCHL1+ subpopulations contain single positive CD4 and CD8 cells. In tonsils, germinal centre T cells are almost exclusively UCHL1+, CD4+ and a proportion also express HNK-1 (Leu 7) antigen. In the paracortical areas approximately equal numbers of CD45R+ and UCHL1+ cells are found but these separately occupy nests of cells containing one or the other type. Again, both CD45R+ and UCHL1+ cells include single CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. A small proportion (less than 5%) of strongly CD45R+, UCHL1+ double-stained cells are also seen, and these probably represent recently activated lymphocytes. In the gut, small clusters of such strongly double-labelled cells are in the submuscular mucosae while cells of the lamina propria are almost exclusively UCHL1+. Many intra-epithelial lymphocytes are only weakly positive or negative for UCHL1 and appear to be CD45R-. These results are consistent with the view that expression of different CD45 polypeptides identifies successive stages of thymocyte-T-cell maturation and that following their thymic education, unprimed T lymphocytes are CD45R+, while primed memory T cells are UCHL1+. These populations occupy different microenvironments.
Threshold region performance of deterministic maximum likelihood DOA estimation of multiple sources (2003)

This paper presents an analysis of the threshold region performance of deterministic maximum likelihood direction of arrival estimation using sensor arrays. The threshold effect is caused by outliers and thus is not captured by standard analysis tools such as the Cramer-Rao bound and Taylor expansions, since these are local in nature. The work presented provides a global analysis that can be used to predict the threshold region performance of the maximum likelihood estimator with high accuracy. It extends previous results from the author on the single source to the multiple sources case.
Wavelength division multiple access ring: virtual topology on a simple ring network (2002)

In this paper, a wavelength division multiple access (WDM) ring is proposed for interconnection in workstation clusters or parallel machines. This network consists of ring connected routers each of which selectively passes signals addressed in some particular wavelengths. Other wavelengths are once converted to electric signals and re-transmitted, being addressed in different wavelengths. Wavelengths are assigned to divisors of the number of nodes in the system. Using the regular WDM ring with imaginary nodes, the diameter and average distance are reduced even if the number of nodes has few divisors. It provides better diameter and average distance than that of the unidirectional torus. Although the diameter and average distance is worse than that of ShuffleNet, the physical structure of the WDM ring is simple and the available number of nodes is flexible.