gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The syndrome of systemic carnitine deficiency (1975)

An 11-year old boy had had recurrent episodes of hepatic and cerebral dysfunction and underdeveloped musculature. Overt weakness developed at age 10. Lipid excess, especially in type I fibers, was found in muscle. Hypertrophied smooth endoplasmic reticulum and excessive microbodies were present in liver. Marked carnitine deficiency was shown in skeletal muscle, plasma, and liver. Ketogenesis was impaired on a high fat diet, but omega oxidation of fatty acids was enhanced. There was excessive glucose uptake and essentially no oxidation of labeled long-chain fatty acids by perfused forearm muscles in vivo. Oral replacement therapy restored plasma carnitine levels to normal, but not liver or muscle carnitine levels, and was accompanied by clinical improvement.
Interactions of Cyclodextrins with DPPC Liposomes. Differential Scanning Calorimetry Studies. (1998)

The interaction of cyclodextrins (CDs) with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) liposomes has been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The phase transition temperature and the enthalpy change due to the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase transition of the liposomes were measured in the presence of alpha-CD, beta-CD, gamma-CD, heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD (DOM-beta-CD), heptakis (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-CD (TOM-beta-CD) and 2-hydroxylpropyl beta-CD, respectively. The effects on the change of enthalpy of the transition temperature were remarkable in the order of DOM-beta-CD > alpha-CD > TOM-beta-CD. The residual CDs caused scarcely detectable changes in the enthalpy changes and the transition temperatures. In order to clarify the DSC curves in the presence of the CDs mentioned above, the type of interactions which occurred between CDs and DPPC liposomes were studied. Consequently, it was found that DOM-beta-CD forms a soluble complex and alpha-CD forms an insoluble complex with DPPC liposomes, whereas only a slight amount of TOM-beta-CD was suggested to penetrate the matrix of the liposomes.
On thinning of chains in MCMC (2011)

Summary 1. Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is a simulation technique that has revolutionised the analysis of ecological data, allowing the fitting of complex models in a Bayesian framework. Since 2001, there have been nearly 200 papers using MCMC in publications of the Ecological Society of America and the British Ecological Society, including more than 75 in the journal Ecology and 35 in the Journal of Applied Ecology . 2. We have noted that many authors routinely ‘thin’ their simulations, discarding all but every k th sampled value; of the studies we surveyed with details on MCMC implementation, 40% reported thinning. 3. Thinning is often unnecessary and always inefficient, reducing the precision with which features of the Markov chain are summarised. The inefficiency of thinning MCMC output has been known since the early 1990’s, long before MCMC appeared in ecological publications. 4. We discuss the background and prevalence of thinning, illustrate its consequences, discuss circumstances when it might be regarded as a reasonable option and recommend against routine thinning of chains unless necessitated by computer memory limitations.
A mouse genetic model for familial cholestasis caused by ATP8B1 mutations reveals perturbed bile salt homeostasis but no impairment in bile secretion (2004)

Mutations in ATP8B1, a broadly expressed P-type ATPase, result, through unknown mechanisms, in disorders of bile secretion. These disorders vary in severity from mild and episodic to progressive with liver failure. We generated Atp8b1G308V/G308V mutant mice, which carry a mutation orthologous to that present in homozygous form in patients from the Amish index kindred for severe ATP8B1 disease. In contrast to human patients, Atp8b1(G308V/G308V) mice had unimpaired bile secretion and no liver damage, but showed mild abnormalities including depressed weight at weaning and elevated serum bile salt levels. We challenged the hepatobiliary metabolism of Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice by administering exogenous bile salts. Upon bile salt feeding, Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice, but not wild-types, demonstrated serum bile salt accumulation, hepatic injury and expansion of the systemic bile salt pool. Unexpectedly, this failure of bile salt homeostasis occurred in the absence of any defect in hepatic bile secretion. Upon infusion of a hydrophobic bile salt, wild-type mice developed cholestasis while Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice maintained high biliary output and more extensively rehydroxylated the infused bile salt. Increased bile salt hydroxylation, which reduces bile salt toxicity, may explain the milder phenotype in Atp8b1G308V/G308V mice compared with humans with the equivalent mutation. These results demonstrate the key role of Atp8b1 in bile salt homeostasis and highlight the importance of bile salt hydroxylation in the prevention of cholestasis. The mouse phenotype reveals that loss of Atp8b1 disrupts bile salt homeostasis without impairment of canalicular bile secretion; in humans this process is likely to be obscured by early onset of severe liver disease.
Raman spectroscopic investigation of speciation in MgSO4(aq) (2003)

Careful measurements have been made of the Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of Mg(ClO4)2, MgCl2, (NH4)2SO4 and MgSO4 down to 50 cm−1 and, in some cases, to extremely low concentrations (≥0.06 mmol kg−1) and high temperatures (≤200 °C). In MgSO4(aq), the well known asymmetry in the ν1-SO42− mode at ∼980 cm−1 that develops with increasing concentration has been assigned to a mode at 993 cm−1 associated with the formation of an MgOSO3 contact ion pair (CIP). Confirmation of this assignment is provided by the simultaneous and quantitative appearance of stretching modes for the Mg–OSO3 bond of the ligated SO42− at 245 cm−1 and for the (H2O)5MgOSO3 unit at 328 cm−1. The CIP becomes the dominant species at higher temperatures. Alternative explanations of the broadening of the ν1-SO42− mode are shown to be inconsistent with this and other Raman spectral evidence such as the similarity of the ν1-SO42− mode for MgSO4 in H2O and D2O. After subtraction of the CIP component at 993 cm−1, the ν1-SO42− band in MgSO4(aq) showed systematic differences from that in (NH4)2SO4(aq). This is consistent with a previously undetected ν1-SO42− mode at 982.2 cm−1 that can be assigned to the presence of solvent-shared ion pairs (SIPs). In solutions with high Mg2+/SO42− concentration ratios, a further ν1-SO42− mode was observed at 1005 cm−1, which has been tentatively assigned to a Mg2SO42+(aq) triple ion. All of these observations are shown to be in excellent agreement with recent dielectric relaxation spectroscopy measurements. In addition, the correct relationship between the Mg2+/SO42− association constant determined by Raman spectroscopic measurements and those obtained by other techniques is derived. It is shown that thermodynamic data measured by Raman spectroscopy for systems involving other (Raman-undetected) ion-pair types in addition to CIPs, cannot and should not be compared directly with those obtained by traditional techniques.
Models for Laser Ablation of Polymers (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTModels for Laser Ablation of PolymersN. Bityurin, B. S. Luk'yanchuk, M. H. Hong, and T. C. ChongView Author Information Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Sciences, 603950, Nizhnii Novgorod, Russia, and Data Storage Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 117608, Singapore Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 2, 519–552Publication Date (Web):January 28, 2003Publication History Received31 May 2002Published online28 January 2003Published inissue 1 February 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010426bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010426bresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2950Altmetric-Citations191LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Ablation,Lasers,Materials,Polymers,Thermodynamic modeling Get e-Alerts
Absolute infrared intensities and bonding in metal carbonyls. I. Decacarbonyl manganese--its isoelectronic analogs and derivaives (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsolute infrared intensities and bonding in metal carbonyls. I. Decacarbonyl manganese--its isoelectronic analogs and derivaivesRichard M. Wing and D. C. CrockerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 2, 289–293Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50048a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50048a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Roles of cytosol and cytoplasmic particles in nuclear envelope assembly and sperm pronuclear formation in cell-free preparations from amphibian eggs. (1984)

A cell-free cytoplasmic preparation from activated Rana pipiens eggs could induce in demembranated Xenopus laevis sperm nuclei morphological changes similar to those seen during pronuclear formation in intact eggs. The condensed sperm chromatin underwent an initial rapid, but limited, dispersion. A nuclear envelope formed around the dispersed chromatin and the nuclei enlarged. The subcellular distribution of the components required for these changes was examined by separating the preparations into soluble (cytosol) and particulate fractions by centrifugation at 150,000 g for 2 h. Sperm chromatin was incubated with the cytosol or with the particulate material after it had been resuspended in either the cytosol, heat-treated (60 or 100 degrees C) cytosol or buffer. We found that the limited dispersion of chromatin occurred in each of these ooplasmic fractions, but not in the buffer alone. Nuclear envelope assembly required the presence of both untreated cytosol and particulate material. Ultrastructural examination of the sperm chromatin during incubation in the preparations showed that membrane vesicles of approximately 200 nm in diameter, found in the particulate fraction, flattened and fused together to contribute the membranous components of the nuclear envelope. The enlargement of the sperm nuclei occurred only after the nuclear envelope formed. The pronuclei formed in the cell-free preparations were able to incorporate [3H]dTTP into DNA. This incorporation was inhibited by aphidicolin, suggesting that the DNA synthesis by the pronuclei was dependent on DNA polymerase-alpha. When sperm chromatin was incubated greater than 3 h, the chromatin of the pronuclei often recondensed to form structures resembling mitotic chromosomes within the nuclear envelope. Therefore, it appeared that these ooplasmic preparations could induce, in vitro, nuclear changes resembling those seen during the first cell cycle in the zygote.
Finite-difference time-domain solver for room acoustics using graphics processing units (2014)

Erilaisia akustisia simulaatiomenetelmiä on kehitetty viime vuosikymmenien aikana. Yhtenä vaihtoehtona on käytetty aaltopohjaisia ratkaisijoita, mutta laskennallinen tehokkuus on usein rajoittava tekijä niiden käytölle. Viimevuosina grafiikkaprosessoreiden ja ohjelmistorajapintojen kehitys on mahdollistanut erilaisten aaltopohjaisten menetelmien käytön. Tässä työssä toteutetaan aaltoyhtälön ratkaisija aika-alueen differenssimenetelmällä. Toteutuksen tehokkuutta parannetaan hyödyntämällä graﬁikkaprosessoreita ja eri toteutusvaihtoehtoja verrataan. Jäjestelmällä estimoituja vasteita verrataan tunnettuihin analyyttisiin ratkaisuihin. Toteutettu järjestelmä on C++-ohjelma jota voidaan käyttää Matlab-ympäristöstä hyödyntäen Matlab-ohjelmiston mex-rajapintaa. Päivitysyhtälö jossa reunaehdot on toteutettu etenevällä differenssillä todetaan tehokkaimmaksi vaihtoehdoki. Simulaation tehokkuus alenee huomattavasti käytettäessä kaksinkertaista laskentatarkuutta. Voidaan todeta, että järjestelmän estimoimat vasteet toteuttavat odotetulla tavalla analyyttiset ratkaisut, poislukien etenevällä differenssillä toteutetun reunaehdon heijastusominaisuudet, jotka eroavat analyyttisestä mallista.
Adaptive Wear-Leveling in Flash-Based Memory (2014)

The paper presents an adaptive wear-leveling scheme based on several wear-thresholds in different periods. The basic idea behind this scheme is that blocks can have different wear-out speeds and the wear-leveling mechanism does not conduct data migration until the erasure counts of some hot blocks hit a threshold. Through a series of emulation experiments based on several realistic disk traces, we show that the proposed wear-leveling mechanism can reduce total erasure counts and yield uniform erasure counts among all blocks at the late lifetime of the storage devices. As a result, not only can the performance of storage systems be advanced, the lifespan of the flash-based memory can also be extended to a certain degree.
Update on Australian standards (2014)

Standards Australia is the nation's peak non-government standards organisation. Alison Scotland, national sector manager for building and construction, provides us with an update on what's happening in the standards world.
Converting Enzyme in Rat Serum (1970)

It seems therefore, that the liver plays an important role in the conversion of angiotensin I to II. The speed of this reaction is much slower than that which occurs in the lung. The slower conversion that occurs in the serum may be due to the interplay of liver converting enzyme with angiotensinases. The angiotensinase effect is overcome with the passage of time enabling converting enzyme to reduce the vasoinactive decapeptid to the vasoactive octapeptid angiotensin II.
Street Smart: Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield for Urban Operations (2002)

From the beginning of the history of conflict, gathering information about one's foe and using it against him has been a critical precept for success in war. Having superior knowledge about the terrain and weather is also a well-accepted criterion for achieving victory in battle. The armed forces of the United States have long understood these prescriptions and have amassed an array of technologies, techniques, analytic methods, and talented personnel to ensure intelligence superiority. The emergence of new cities and the expansion of established urban hubs have challenged this intelligence superiority in many ways. Buildings and infrastructure neutralize U.S. technological advantage by stifling electronic intelligence capabilities. Urban construction imposes extreme burdens on "knowing the terrain," vastly increasing the amount of information to be considered. Buildings alter maneuver routes, change unit type and weapons use considerations, and hide personnel and equipment. Urban infrastructure, which includes utilities and public works, can impose severe restrictions on unit operations if the infrastructure is required to remain operable during the conduct of military activities. Residents of an urban area complicate situational awareness and threat identification by populating the operational area with thousands and thousands of actors who engage in constantly changing activities, and who have a variety of interests and intentions. Knowing what groups exist in an urban area, what relationships exist between them, and how each population group will respond to an activity is critical to operational success but often difficult to decipher. The combination of the increased number of people, urban construction, and urban infrastructure also hampers "knowing the enemy."
Of professionalism and health care strikes (2010)

Strike action is by no means an unfamiliar situation in the South African context. However, health care strikes are now emerging as a highly controversial topic. Current teaching of medical students does not adequately cover this unique ethical dilemma facing health care professionals. Only with a broader understanding of the subject can medical students’ future decisions on the matter be informed and based on the ethical principles governing the medical profession. I attempt to explore the issues surrounding health care strikes and assess whether or not this is compatible with true medical professionalism in the 21st century.
Spoofing Detection in Automatic Speaker Verification Systems Using DNN Classifiers and Dynamic Acoustic Features (2017)

With the development of speech synthesis technology, automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems have encountered the serious challenge of spoofing attacks. In order to improve the security of ASV systems, many antispoofing countermeasures have been developed. In the front-end domain, much research has been conducted on finding effective features which can distinguish spoofed speech from genuine speech and the published results show that dynamic acoustic features work more effectively than static ones. In the back-end domain, Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and deep neural networks (DNNs) are the two most popular types of classifiers used for spoofing detection. The log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) generated by the difference of human and spoofing log-likelihoods are used as spoofing detection scores. In this paper, we train a five-layer DNN spoofing detection classifier using dynamic acoustic features and propose a novel, simple scoring method only using human log-likelihoods (HLLs) for spoofing detection. We mathematically prove that the new HLL scoring method is more suitable for the spoofing detection task than the classical LLR scoring method, especially when the spoofing speech is very similar to the human speech. We extensively investigate the performance of five different dynamic filter bank-based cepstral features and constant Q cepstral coefficients (CQCC) in conjunction with the DNN-HLL method. The experimental results show that, compared to the GMM-LLR method, the DNN-HLL method is able to significantly improve the spoofing detection accuracy. Compared with the CQCC-based GMM-LLR baseline, the proposed DNN-HLL model reduces the average equal error rate of all attack types to 0.045%, thus exceeding the performance of previously published approaches for the ASVspoof 2015 Challenge task. Fusing the CQCC-based DNN-HLL spoofing detection system with ASV systems, the false acceptance rate on spoofing attacks can be reduced significantly.
Towards Behavior-oriented Quality of Experience Assessment for Online Video Services (2017)

When users decide to cancel a video playback because the video is not loading, this is a first step in their abandonment of a service. Internet or video service providers however are strongly interested in engaging people to continue using their offers. In this work, we are investigating when, how, and why users are reacting to typical problems present in online video services, such as stalling or large quality variations. We develop new test methodologies that elicit and measure user behavior in different contexts (e.g., a laboratory environment or the user's home). We aim to identify the causes and implications of certain user behavior and its relation to user engagement in the long term. Also, for the industry, we create models and tools that can be used in quality monitoring scenarios, which will help to estimate Quality of Experience and user behavior in order to predict engagement and prevent abandonment.
Qiagen QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit (27104 or 27106) with a microcentrifuge v1 (2015)

This is the protocol for QIAgen's QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit (catalog numbers 27104 or 27106) with their newer version 2.0 spin columns. For more information about the kit, see https://www.qiagen.com/us/shop/sample-technologies/dna/dna-preparation/qiaprep-spin-miniprep-kit?cmpid=QVenSPP1404quartzySC#orderinginformation. For purification ofup to 20 μg molecular biology grade plasmid DNA Ready-to-use plasmid DNA in minutes Reproducible yields of molecular biology grade plasmid DNA Single protocol for high- and low-copy vectors Even higher yields with the High-Yield Supplementary Protocol Improved QIAprep 2.0 Spin Column GelPilot loading dye for convenient sample analysis The QIAprep Spin Miniprep Kit is designed for isolation of up to 20 μg high-purity plasmid or cosmid DNA for use in routine molecular biology applications, including fluorescent and radioactive sequencing and cloning. Even higher yields (up to 30 μg) can be achieved using the High-Yield Supplementary Protocol.
Simulation modeling of alternative staffing and task prioritization in manual post-distribution cross docking facilities (2017)

Many supply chains have grown increasingly complex, which has led to the development of different facility types. One such facility is known as a post-distribution cross docking system (Post-C). In these facilities, bulk sorted product is received from various suppliers. Each product has its own destination, so the bulk package is broken, sorted by destination, and staged by destination. Typical processing includes: sort received goods by product type; break bulk and sort out goods by destination; move palletized goods to the staging areas of their respective destinations. This paper compares a global staffing policy (in which all workers may perform any task) to a dedicated staffing policy (in which groups of workers are assigned specific tasks). Through comparisons of the two models, the results indicated that the dedicated worker model's benefits from reduced change-over outweigh the lower worker utilization it experiences.
Derivation of the sequence of the signal peptide in human C4b‐binding protein and interspecies cross‐hybridisation of the C4bp cDNA sequence (1988)

A 5' cDNA clone coding for human C4b-binding protein (C4bp) was isolated, characterised and sequenced to complete the cDNA sequence coding for residues 1-32 thus confirming the protein sequence data of Chung et al. [(1985) Biochem. J. 230, 133-141]. The sequence extended to allow derivation of the putative leader peptide sequence which was 32 residues in length and showed a high of hydrophobicity typical of other documented leader sequences. Cross hybridisation was detected between the human C4bp cDNA probes and genomic DNA isolated from various species on Southern blots suggesting that genomic sequence homologous to that coding for C4bp has been conserved during evolution.