gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cloning and expression of the <i>Candida albicans TOP2</i> gene allows study of fungal DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors in yeast (1997)

Candida albicans topoisomerase II, encoded by the TOP2 gene, mediates chromosome segregation by a double-strand DNA break mechanism and is a potential target for anti-fungal therapy. In this paper, we report the characterization of the C. albicans TOP2 gene and its use to develop a yeast system that allows the identification and study of anti-fungal topoisomerase II inhibitors in vivo. The gene, specifying a 1461-residue polypeptide with only 40% identity with human topoisomerase IIalpha and beta isoforms, was isolated from C. albicans on a 6.3 kb EcoRI fragment that mapped to chromosome 4. It was used to construct a plasmid in which TOP2 expresses a recombinant enzyme (residues 57-1461 of C. albicans topoisomerase II fused to the first five residues of Saccharomyces cerevisiae topoisomerase II) under the control of a galactose-inducible promoter. The plasmid rescued the lethal phenotype of a temperature-sensitive S. cerevisiae DNA topoisomerase II mutant allowing growth at 35 degrees C. Yeast cells, bearing ISE2 permeability and rad52 double-strand-break-repair mutations the growth of which at 35 degrees C was dependent on C. albicans topoisomerase II, were killed by the known topoisomerase II inhibitors amsacrine and doxorubicin. Parallel experiments in yeast expressing human topoisomerase IIalpha allowed the relative sensitivities of the fungal and host topoisomerases to be examined in the same genetic background. To compare the killing in vivo with drug inhibition in vitro, the recombinant C. albicans topoisomerase II protein was expressed and purified to near-homogeneity from S. cerevisiae yielding a 160 kDa polypeptide that displayed the expected ATP-dependent DNA-relaxation and DNA-decatenation activities. The enzyme, whether examined in vitro or complementing in S. cerevisiae, was comparably sensitive to amsacrine and doxorubicin. Our results suggest that potential topoisomerase II-targeting anti-fungal inhibitors can be identified and studied in S. cerevisiae.
In-situ Soil Moisture Sensing (2014)

We consider the problem of monitoring soil moisture evolution using a wireless network of in-situ underground sensors. To reduce cost and prolong lifetime, it is highly desirable to rely on fewer measurements and estimate with higher accuracy the original signal (the temporal evolution of soil moisture). In this article, we explore the use of results from the theory of sparse sampling, including Compressive Sensing (CS) and Matrix Completion (MC), in this application context. We first consider the problem of reconstructing the soil moisture process at a single location using CS. Our physical constraint leads to very sparse measurement matrices, which makes finding a suitable representation basis very challenging: it needs to make the underlying signal sufficiently sparse while at the same time being sufficiently incoherent with the measurement matrix, two common preconditions for CS techniques to work well. We construct a representation basis by exploiting unique features of soil moisture evolution and show that this basis attains a very good tradeoff between its ability to sparsify the signal and its incoherence with measurement matrices that are consistent with our physical constraints. We next consider the problem of jointly reconstructing soil moisture processes at multiple locations, assuming sparse measurements can be taken at each location. We show that the spatial soil moisture process enjoys a low-rank property, a priority for MC. Accordingly, we introduce a spatiotemporal measurement matrix and apply the MC framework to reconstruct the soil moisture field. Extensive numerical evaluation is performed on both real, high-resolution soil moisture data and simulated data and through comparison with a closed-loop scheduling approach. Our results demonstrate that, for a single location, a uniform measurement scheduling followed by CS recovery results in a very nice tradeoff between estimation accuracy, sampling rate, flexibility, and feasibility in implementation. When multiple locations are available, our results show that joint reconstruction using MC in general produces better estimation accuracy than using a single location alone, but it requires the use of independent and random measurement schedules across locations. We also show that these sparse sampling techniques can be augmented so as to be robust against sporadic data outliers/corruption caused by, for example, intermittent sensor faults.
Pulmonary but Not Subcutaneous Delivery of BCG Vaccine Confers Protection to Tuberculosis-Susceptible Mice by an Interleukin 17–Dependent Mechanism (2015)

Some of the most promising novel tuberculosis vaccine strategies currently under development are based on respiratory vaccination, mimicking the natural route of infection. In this work, we have compared pulmonary and subcutaneous delivery of BCG vaccine in the tuberculosis-susceptible DBA/2 mouse strain, a model in which parenterally administered BCG vaccine does not protect against tuberculosis. Our data show that intranasally but not subcutaneously administered BCG confers robust protection against pulmonary tuberculosis challenge. In addition, our results indicate that pulmonary vaccination triggers a Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific mucosal immune response orchestrated by interleukin 17A (IL-17A). Thus, IL-17A neutralization in vivo reduces protection and abrogates M. tuberculosis-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion to respiratory airways and lung expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor induced following intranasal vaccination. Together, our results demonstrate that pulmonary delivery of BCG can overcome the lack of protection observed when BCG is given parenterally, suggesting that respiratory tuberculosis vaccines could have an advantage in tuberculosis-endemic countries, where intradermally administered BCG has inefficient effectiveness against pulmonary tuberculosis.
The neurohormonal natural history of essential hypertension: towards primary or tertiary aldosteronism? (2002)

Use of the aldosterone-to-renin ratio has controversially suggested that approximately 10% of hypertensives have primary aldosteronism, and most of these individuals are thought to have idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. The usual renin-angiotensin system control is intact in these individuals and is similar to that in low renin and essential hypertensives, differing only in the degree of sensitivity. There is recent evidence suggesting that hyperaldosteronism relates to aldosterone synthase genetic polymorphism, and also that increased angiotensin II stimulation of the adrenal glands appears to paradoxically upregulate the receptors increasing angiotensin II sensitivity. Taken together, the possibility arises that, in susceptible hypertensives, hyperaldosteronism could be acquired. Indeed, it is well known that renin-driven renovascular hypertension is associated with the development of hyperaldosteronism. Hypothetically, within the wider hypertensive population, these findings set the scene that angiotensin II adrenal sensitivity increases over time until the secretion of aldosterone becomes "autonomous" and hence "tertiary" aldosteronism in a significant proportion of hypertensives.
Adaptive Neighborhood Propagation by Joint L2,1-Norm Regularized Sparse Coding for Representation and Classification (2016)

We propose a new transductive label propagation method, termed Adaptive Neighborhood Propagation (Adaptive-NP) by joint L2,1-norm regularized sparse coding, for semi-supervised classification. To make the predicted soft labels more accurate for predicting the labels of samples and to avoid the tricky process of choosing the optimal neighborhood size or kernel width for graph construction, Adaptive-NP seamlessly integrates sparse coding and neighborhood propagation into a unified framework. That is, the sparse reconstruction error and classification error are combined for joint minimization, which clearly differs from traditional methods that explicitly separate graph construction and label propagation into independent steps, which may result in inaccurate predictions. Note that our Adaptive-NP alternately optimize the sparse codes and soft labels matrices, where the sparse codes are used as adaptive weights for neighborhood propagation at each iteration, so the tricky process of determining neighborhood size or kernel width is avoided. Besides, for enhancing sparse coding, we use the L2,1-norm constraint on the sparse coding coefficients and the reconstruction error at the same time for delivering more accurate and robust representations. Extensive simulations show that our model can deliver state-of-the-art performances on several public datasets for classification.
The effect of stitching errors on the spectral characteristics of DFB lasers fabricated using electron beam lithography (1992)

Field stitching errors and their effect on the single-mode characteristics of distributed feedback (DFB) lasers fabricated using electron beam lithography were investigated. The stitching errors are associated with small-area, high-resolution electron beam exposure, which has the potential advantage of high-speed writing of laser gratings. Measurements show that the errors are composed of a systematic and a stochastic part. Their effect on the gain margin was simulated both for lambda /4 phase-shifted and optimized multiple-phase-shifted DFB lasers. Simulations show that the lasers are insensitive to the systematic part of the stitching errors if the number of errors is large enough. The stochastic part was found to give rise to a variation in gain margin of the DFB lasers. It is concluded that the field stitching accuracy in the high-resolution mode of a commercial system for electron beam lithography is sufficient to provide a high yield of single-mode lasers. However, it is essential that certain precautions be taken considering exposure conditions and that a fault tolerant laser design be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An iterative method for the numerical inversion of Laplace transforms (1995)

We present an algorithm for the numerical inversion of Laplace transforms that is a particular case of the iterated regularization method proposed by Vainikko in 1982. To construct the finite-dimensional space, we use Laguerre polynomials. Error bounds for the approximations are derived.
A Characterization of the Effect of Deposition Temperature on Polysilicon Properties: Morphology, Dopability, Etchability, and Polycide Properties (1993)

Low pressure chemically vapor deposited polysilicon deposition was studied from 525 to 650°C. The silicon appears to be amorphous with a smooth surface up to 550°C and completely crystalline above 600°C. The transition region is found to be from 560 to 590°C. This transition is marked by sharp crystallographic and resistivity changes. The smooth surface morphology of the amorphous silicon is found to be preserved after doping and a 1000°C oxidation. The preservation of this smooth morphology is demonstrated to be due to the presence of a native oxide on the surface of the silicon upon exposure to atmosphere. However, an in situ anneal of amorphous silicon at 610°C results in large coarse crystals with rough surface morphology and disparate orientation. The smooth morphology of the 550°C silicon is found to be transmitted through subsequent polycide structure layers. The impact on device reliability is discussed. The amorphous silicon is found to have a higher plasma etch rate than the polysilicon.
Hospital infection yesterday and today (1961)

<h3>Abstract</h3> <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> is a natural inhabitant of aquatic ecosystems worldwide, typically residing in coastal or brackish water. While more than 200 serogroups have been identified, only serogroups O1 and O139 have been associated with epidemic cholera. However, infections other than cholera can be caused by nonepidemic, non-O1/non-O139 <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> strains, including gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections. While <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> can also survive in freshwater, that is typically only observed in regions of the world where cholera is endemic. We recently isolated <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> from several locations in lakes and rivers in northwest Ohio. These isolates were all found to be non-O1/non-O139 <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> strains, that would not cause cholera. However, these isolates contained a variety of virulence genes, including <i>ctxA, rtxA, rtxC, hlyA</i>, and <i>ompU</i>. Therefore, it is possible that some of these isolates have the potential to cause gastroenteritis or other infections in humans. We also investigated the relative motility of the isolates and their ability to form biofilms as this is important for <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> survival in the environment. We identified one isolate that forms very robust biofilms, up to 4x that of our laboratory control strains. Finally, we investigated the susceptibility of these isolates to a panel of antibiotics. We found that many of the isolates showed decreased susceptibility to some of the antibiotics tested, which could be of concern. While we do not know if these isolates are pathogenic to humans, increased surveillance to better understand the public health risk to the local community should be considered. <h3>Importance</h3> This study found that <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> belonging to non-O1/non-O139 serogroups is present in freshwater lakes and rivers in northwest Ohio. Although non-O1/non-O139 <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> strains generally do not produce cholera toxin, and thus do not cause epidemic cholera, they often contain other virulence factors that may contribute to pathogenicity. In fact, we found that these local isolates contained an assortment of potential virulence genes. We also found that some of the isolates showed antibiotic resistance. While we do not currently know if the local <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> strains are capable of causing disease in humans, increased monitoring for <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> in the region is warranted in the interest of public health.
Carbon fibres: Structure and mechanical properties (1994)

AbstractAbstractThe fine structure of carbon fibres varies between the high strength and the high Young's modulus varieties based on detailed examination of X-ray and electron microscope studies. Techniques for measuring the tensile properties of fibres and composites are well developed, but the same is not true for compressive properties. The latter seem to be more of a system property than a material property. The tensile and compressive properties can be correlated in part with fine structure parameters. In order to improve the tensile and especially the compressive properties of these fibres a controlled disorder of the layer plane structure must result in order to minimise crack initiation and provide a tortuous route for crack propagation.
Computational LEGO technic design (2019)

research-article Computational LEGO technic design Share on Authors: Hao Xu View Profile , Ka-Hei Hui View Profile , Chi-Wing Fu View Profile , Hao Zhang View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on GraphicsVolume 38Issue 6December 2019 Article No.: 196https://doi.org/10.1145/3355089.3356504Online:27 August 2021Publication History 6citation11DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations6Total Downloads11Last 12 Months11Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis after subcutaneous cortisone acetate administration in rats. (1977)

Groups of female rats were injected daily for 14 days with 10 mg of cortisone acetate subcutaneously, to study the mechanisms of glucocorticoid suppression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) content, plasma ACTH, adrenal venous corticosterone, adrenal weights, and the catabolic effects on body weight were studied simultaneously (under stressful and non-stressful conditions) before, during, and up to six weeks after cortisone. This study confirmed the results of other investigators that cortisone acetate caused catabolic weight loss and adrenal atrophy, but it was noted to persist up to six weeks after the injections. Glucocorticoid acetate was more effective in causing ACTH-axis suppression than succinate or phosphate preparations, and the effects were dose and time related. Significant depletion of pituitary ACTH content, suppression of plasma ACTH, and corticosterone secretion occurred five to seven days after beginning cortisone acetate (p=<0.001); it was continuous throughout the injection schedule (p=<0.001); it remained for two to four weeks after the cortisone was discontinued (p=<0.001). The animals showed minimum plasma ACTH responsiveness to severe acute stress during this two to four-week suppression phase, but rapid recovery occurred thereafter. Plasma ACTH was undetectable up to six weeks post-cortisone when the animals were not under stress. This may be related to residual cortisone acetate found at the injection sites, or to an altered or different ACTH-axis control mechanism. The sequence of events during recovery from cortisone suppression appeared to be (1) repletion of corticotrophin-releasing hormone (by inference), (2) repletion of pituitary ACTH content, (3) secretion of plasma ACTH, (4) reversal of adrenal atrophy, and (5) subsequent secretion of corticosterone.
Feasibility of Wastewater Treatment with Ferrate (1979)

Iron (VI) ferrate, (FeO4²-), has been reported to have the potential to act as a coagulant and also a disinfectant in treating wastewater. This study investigates the effectiveness of potassium ferrate as both a coagulant and disinfectant for treating secondary effluent by means of a pilot-plant study. The units of the pilot plant included a flash-mix reactor, a flocculation unit, a sedimentation tank, and a filter. Parameters evaluated included suspended solids, orthophosphate, ammonia, BOD5, total bacteria, and coliform reduction. In the study, iron (VI) ferrate was found to be effective in reducing the above mentioned wastewater parameters in the system. With a ferrate concentration of 10mg/L as FeO4²-, from typical secondary effluent values, reductions of the following order were observed: the suspended solids in the effluent of the sedimentations unit were reduced by 85%, ortho-phosphate by 53%, ammonia by 60%, BOD5 by 86%, total bacteria by 91%, fecal coliform by 99.99%, and total coliform by 99.98%.
Commodifying Water in Coastal Tanzania: Natural Resource Management and Social Relations, 1926-1937 (2016)

Based on a close read of colonial archives from Dar es Salaam, this article examines how the commodification and regulation of water led to friction between residents and colonial officials in Mikindani, Tanzania shortly after Britain's acquisition of the territory. Questions of failed development and technology transfer are juxtaposed against African desires for new relationships with material goods to examine how regulatory projects falter for lack of environmental knowledge, investment, and social awareness. Starting with a basic analysis of coastal practices surrounding water, the article delves into the colonial administrative debates over water delivery systems, fee schedules, and surveys as a means to show how colonial assumptions created obstacles for African consumers who wanted to benefit from this modern package of goods.
Excitation of the Zenneck Wave by a Tapered Line Source (2019)

A Zenneck wave is a "nonphysical wave" that propagates on a semi-infinite lossy earth. The wave is nonphysical in the sense that a simple source such as a dipole will not excite a field that resembles the Zenneck wave at large distances from the source. However, by using a tapered line source, a field that resembles the Zenneck wave can be produced along the surface of the earth out to some distance. The taper can also be chosen to optimize the field at a given distance from the source on the surface of the earth, leading to what is called an "optimum" line source. The optimum line source can be used to produce a field along the surface of the earth that is nearly constant over a large range of distances.
De novo peptide sequencing in an ion trap mass spectrometer with18O labeling (1998)

De novo peptide sequencing in an ion trap mass spectrometer coupled on-line with a capillary HPLC using 18O labeling provides a viable alternative to the method using the combination of nanospray, 18O labeling and a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Seven to sixteen amino acid residues can be sequenced from the liquid chromatography/randem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) spectra. This approach combines the benefit of capillary LC and the high sensitivity of the ion trap operated in the MS/MS mode. The wide availability of the LCQ mass spectrometer makes this approach readily adaptable to the biological mass spectrometry community. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Help! - Hjalp! - Aiuto! (2003)

This special edition of our Newsletter is intended to remind you that we have a new system for renewing your membership in JBS-USA: Since February 5, we are basing membership on Jussi's birthday each year (rather than the anniversary of your own date of joining), and to date about 40% of our membership has renewed. Here is the current status of your membership
Stepwise Reduction of CaO and/or MgO Doped-Fe2O3 Compacts to Magnetite Then Subsequently to Iron at 1173-1473 K. (1997)

Compacts of pure Fe2O3 and Fe2O3-doped with either of 1.0 % CaO and/or 1.0 % MgO, sintered at 1473 K for 20 h, were isothermally reduced at 1173-1473 K with 10%CO-90%CO2 to magnetite then to metallic iron with purified CO. The oxygen weight-loss resulted from Fe2O3-Fe3O4 or Fe3O4-Fe reduction steps was continuously recorded as a function of time. Chemical and X-ray analyses, microscope examination and pore size analyzer were used to characterize the fired and reduced compacts. The influence of CaO and/or MgO on the reduction behaviour of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 was intensively studied. The reduction mechanisms predicted from both of apparent activation energy values and heterogeneous gas-solid mathematical models were correlated with the microstructures of partially reduced samples. The results obtained showed that the doping of these fluxing oxides promoted the reduction of Fe2O3 at 1173-1473 K. The reduction of pure and doped Fe2O3 compacts is controlled by gaseous diffusion at early stages and by interfacial chemical reaction at later stages. In Fe3O4-Fe reduction step, the doping of CaO and/or MgO enhanced the reduction at early stages which is temperature and compact composition dependent. With progress in reduction, the presence of MgO retarded the reduction of Fe3O4 at ≤1273 K resulting a slowing down in the rate at latter stages. This was attributed to formation of entrapped lower oxide relics which hindered gaseous diffusion. At early stages, the reduction of pure and doped Fe3O4 compacts is controlled by mixed control reaction mechanism. At latter stages, interfacial chemical reaction is the rate determining step for pure and CaO-containing samples, whereas solid-state diffusion is the rate controlling step for MgO-doped compacts.