gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF THE EXTRACTION CONDITIONS ON THE RECOVERY OF FREE AMINO ACIDS IN PLANT MATERIAL (1974)

From comparative investigations of five pretreatment-extraction conditions, using the composition of the pool of free amino acids as a parameter of disintegration during the extraction procedure, it was found that the optimal conditions are: disintegration of the fresh plant material in liquid nitrogen (-180°C), lyophilization and homogenization of the dried powder in the extraction medium at 0°C.
Downregulation of Telomerase in Rat during the Aging Process (1999)

Telomerase is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that maintains the tandem arrays of telomeric repeats at the eukaryotic chromosome ends. Because of its ability to replenish lost telomeric sequences, telomerase is thought to be required for cell proliferation. At present, very little information on the role of telomerase in aging is available. In the present study, we tested the telomerase activity of Fischer 344 rat testis and liver at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. As the testis is an androgen-dependent tissue, we also investigated the changes of testosterone and mRNA levels of androgen receptor in this tissue. Our results show that the telomerase activity of Fischer 344 rat testis significantly reduced at 24 months of age compared to 6 months of age, and that the mRNA level of telomerase protein component 1 (TLP-1) show a corresponding decrease with the telomerase activity. Interestingly, this down-regulation was not observed in the liver. The testosterone level in testis increased until 18 months of age, but reduced by 50% at 24 months of age. Our conclusions are that the telomerase activity is age-dependent and its change is a tissue-specific phenomenon.
Changes during fasting in the activity of a specific lysosomal proteinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase converting enzyme. (1981)

Three lysosomal proteinases capable of catalyzing a limited modification of the gluconeogenic enzyme fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 1-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.11) have been purified from extracts of rabbit liver lysosomes. These have been designated "converting enzymes I, II, and III," respectively, based on the order of their elution from Ultrogel AcA34. The predominant form in lysosomes from livers of fed rabbits is converting enzyme III which has been identified as a mixture of cathepsins B and L. Fasting induces a 4- to 5-fold increase in the activity of converting enzyme II; in the livers of 96-hr-fasted rabbits, this form accounts for more than 70% of the total converting enzyme activity. The increase is largely in that fraction of converting enzyme II associated with lysosomal membranes; this increase is also seen in the activity expressed by intact lysosomes. The activity of intact lysosomes is not due to their increased fragility because other lysosomal enzyme activities remain latent. The effect of fasting on the activity of converting enzyme II is selective and greatly exceeds the 2-fold increase observed for other lysosomal enzymes.
Transient Heating and Melting of Particles in Plasma Spray Coating Process (1996)

In the plasma spray coating process, solid particles are injected into a plasma jet. The heat transfer from the plasma to the particles results in heating and melting of the particles. The molten particles impact on a surface forming a thin coat. In this paper, we investigate the heating and melting of a spherical particle injected into a thermal plasma. The transient temperature distribution in the particle interior is obtained simultaneously with the temperature and number density variations of the ions, electrons, and the neutrals as well as the electric potential variation in the plasma. Our analysis incorporates a model for the production and recombination of electrons and ions. The transport in the plasma is modeled by considering the main body of the plasma as charge neutral and a charge sheath in the vicinity of the particle surface. The heat flux to the particle is evaluated by taking into account all modes of heat transfer to the surface. The temporal variations of the particle temperature distribution are calculated. Results are compared with the available predictions made without taking into account the gas ionization to assess the importance of ionization and particle charging on the heat transport to the particle. For argon, for the particle materials considered in this study, the effect of gas ionization on the heat transport was found to be negligible for plasma temperatures below 6500 K.
Detection of geographic isolates of Anaplasma marginale, using polyclonal bovine antisera and microfluorometry (1985)

Geographically separate United States isolates of Anaplasma marginale were differentiated, using polyclonal bovine antiserum and microfluorometry. Both isolate-common and restricted antigen-specific antibodies were apparent in sera of splenectomized calves after resolution of infection, as judged by the capability of the antisera to recognize heterologous isolate antigens to a lesser extent than homologous antigens. Furthermore, absorption of the antisera with homologous antigens removed homologous and heterologous reactions, whereas heterologous absorptions resulted in the capability to discriminate the tailed or appendage-associated isolates (Virginia and Washington) from the tail-less isolate (Florida).
Noise Analysis of a Multispectral Image Acquisition System (2010)

Prior knowledge of the noise present in a color image acquisition device is very important for the recovery of a spectral reflectance of an object being imaged, since the recovery performance is greatly influenced by the noise.In the previous paper (IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15, 1848 (2006)), the author proposed a new model to estimate the noise variance of an image acquisition system by assuming that the noise variance in each channel is equal and showed that this model is very useful to accurately recover a spectral reflectance of an imaged object. This paper describes an extended model for the estimation of the covariance matrix of the noise present in an image acquisition system without the assumption. It is demonstrated that the proposal overfits the noise covariance matrix to learning samples and that the recovery performance for the test samples is poor compared with the previous model. However this overfitting means that the estimates are correctly performed using the proposed model. The new model is effective in analyzing the noise present in an image acquisition system.
Quantitative Assessment of Clinical Disease Status in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (1997)

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the clinical disease manifestations in 41 primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients was performed according to a new classification model. Frequencies of subgrouped disease manifestations were as follows: 1) surface exocrine disease: 100%, 2) internal organ exocrine disease: 63%, 3) monoclonal B lymphocyte disease: 5%, 4) inflammatory vascular disease: 71%, 5) non-inflammatory vascular disease: 59%, 6) mediator induced disease: 98%. Summary scores for severity of surface exocrine disease correlated to the summary scores of all other disease manifestations (p = 0.02), to the summary scores of internal organ exocrine disease (p = 0.003), and to the summary scores of mediator induced disease (p = 0.03). Blood leucocyte counts showed significant negative correlations to levels of plasma IgG, serum IgA-RF, IgM-RF, anti-SSA/SSB antibodies, IL-6, and IL-1Ra. We conclude that the model made detailed analysis of the clinical presentation of pSS possible, and thus may assist in elucidating important pathobiological aspect of the disease.
Intracardiac and Intravascular Potentials Resulting from Electrical Activity of the Normal Human Heart (1950)

Electrical records were made from the interior of the right heart and attached vessels in 14 normal subjects. Technics differed somewhat from those previously reported in that simultaneously recording string galvanometers were used exclusively, and tracings were made whenever the catheter-electrode was moved within the heart. Previously unreported large positive QRS deflections were found in records from the lower part of the right atrium, from the pulmonary artery, and in two instances from within the right ventricle itself close to the base. The possible anatomical origin of these is discussed.
A compact setup of fast pnCCDs for exotic atom measurements (2005)

X-ray measurements at particle accelerators suffer from a high beam-induced background. For low-energy X-rays CCDs can solve this problem due to their pixel structure, which allows to reduce the background by a cluster analysis. To be able to measure at reasonably high count rates, fast read-out capable CCDs, so called pnCCDs, are used, which have been developed at the semiconductor laboratory of the Max Planck Institute (MPI) for the XMM satellite mission. Recently an improved version of pnCCDs was developed. These chips will be available with different geometries, pixel size and allow a frame-store read-out. At the ZEL (Central Laboratory for Electronics) of the reseach center Jülich a dedicated electronics for fast read-out was developed in collaboration with the MPI.
[FTIR detection of unregulated emissions from a diesel engine with biodiesel fuel]. (2012)

Biodiesel, as one of the most promising alternative fuels, has received more attention because of limited fossil fuels. A comparison of biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel is discussed as regards engine unregulated exhaust emissions. A diesel fuel, a pure biodiesel fuel, and fuel with 20% V/V biodiesel blend ratio were tested without engine modification The present study examines six typical unregulated emissions by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) method: formaldehyde (HCHO), acetaldehyde (C2 H4 O), acetone (C3 H6 O), toluene (C7 H8), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). The results show addition of biodiesel fuel increases the formaldehyde emission, and B20 fuel has little change, but the formaldehyde emission of pure biodiesel shows a clear trend of addition. Compared with the pure diesel fuel, the acetaldehyde of B20 fuel has a distinct decrease, and the acetaldehyde emission of pure biodiesel is lower than that of the pure diesel fuel at low and middle engine loads, but higher at high engine load. The acetone emission is very low, and increases for B20 and pure biodiesel fuels as compared to diesel fuel. Compared with the diesel fuel, the toluene and sulfur dioxide values of the engine show a distinct decrease with biodiesel blend ratio increasing. It is clear that the biodiesel could reduce aromatic compounds and emissions of diesel engines. The carbon dioxide emission of pure biodiesel has a little lower value than diesel, showing that the biodiesel benefits control of greenhouse gas.
Photorefractive Volume Holography in Artificial Neural Networks (1990)

This thesis describes the use of volume holography to implement large-scale linear transformations on distributed optical fields. Such transformations are useful in the construction of hardware for artificial neural networks. The reconstruction of multiple grating holograms in layers of thin transparencies and in continuous volume media is considered and conditions under which such holograms may be used for linear transformations are derived. The control of the nature of the transformation implemented using fractal sampling grids is reviewed and the impact of such sampling grids on the energy efficiency of the overall system is considered. Information storage in volume holograms is shown to require multiple exposures and the impact of multiple exposures on linear hologram formations in saturable media and photorefractive materials is considered. It is shown for both types of media that the overall diffraction efficiency of a recorded hologram must decrease with the square of the rank of the transformation implemented. A theory for hologram formation in photorefractive materials with multiple trapping species is developed and compared with experimental results. The impact of multiple species and fixing mechanisms on linear hologram formation is evaluated. A method for refreshing the diffraction efficiency of photorefractive holograms in adaptive systems is described and demonstrated. The construction of thick holograms for linear transformations in waveguides is considered. A novel method for controlling such holograms is described and demonstrated. Learning in holographic neural networks is considered and two experimental holographic neural systems are described. The relative strengths of optical and electronic technologies for implementations of neural interconnections are considered.
Prevalence of Antibodies to<i>Leptospira</i>in Wild Mammals Trapped on Livestock Farms in Ontario, Canada (2014)

To determine the prevalence and diversity of Leptospira serogroups circulating in wildlife on farms in Ontario, we tested samples from 51 raccoons (Procyon lotor), seven skunks (Mephitis mephitis), four rats (Rattus norvegicus), and three opossums (Didelphis virginiana) that were trapped on 27 livestock (swine [Sus scrofa], cattle [Bos taurus]) farms in 2010. Seventeen of 51 raccoons (33%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 21-48%) sampled were positive for at least one Leptospira serogroup using the microscopic agglutination test. None of the other 14 animals had detectable Leptospira antibodies. On swine farms, 13 of 30 raccoons (43%; 95% CI, 27-61%) were antibody positive, and on cattle farms, four of 21 raccoons (19%; 95% CI, 8-40%) were positive. Leptospira antibody prevalence in raccoons did not differ between swine and cattle farms. Raccoons were positive to serovars representative of serogroups Grippotyphosa, Australis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, and Pomona and were negative to serovars of serogroups Autumnalis, Canicola, and Sejroe. The prevalence of Leptospira antibodies in raccoons in this study is similar to what has been reported previously; however, the diversity of serogroups was higher in this study than what has been reported in raccoons from an urban area of Ontario, Canada. Understanding the prevalence and distribution of Leptospira serogroups in wildlife in Ontario, Canada, is important for the development and maintenance of appropriate disease management strategies in humans, livestock, and companion animals.
Pronominal feture distinctions in english: 2669 (1999)

This study reports the results of a study in which participants were asked to repeat a sentence and produce a tag question (e.g. The girl behind the headmaster got punished, didn't she?). Holding the head noun phrase constant, three properties of the noun phrase within the modifier were manipulated: number (e.g., headmaster, headmasters), gender (e.g., headmaster, headmistress), and animacy (e.g., headmaster, blackboard), and the goal of the study was to determine whether different types of mismatch interfered with the pronoun agreement process to different extents. Results showed a robust effect of a number mismatch, no effect of an animacy mismatch, and a small effect of a gender mismatch. These differences are discussed with reference to how words are stored in the lexicon and how they are represented during sentence processing. *
Natural quorum sensing inhibitors effectively downregulate gene expression of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors (2019)

At present, anti-virulence drugs are being considered as potential therapeutic alternatives and/or adjuvants to currently failing antibiotics. These drugs do not kill bacteria but inhibit virulence factors essential for establishing infection and pathogenesis through targeting non-essential metabolic pathways reducing the selective pressure to develop resistance. We investigated the effect of naturally isolated plant compounds on the repression of the quorum sensing (QS) system which is linked to virulence/pathogenicity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results show that trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) and salicylic acid (SA) significantly inhibit expression of QS regulatory and virulence genes in P. aeruginosa PAO1 at sub-inhibitory levels without any bactericidal effect. CA effectively downregulated both the las and rhl QS systems with lasI and lasR levels inhibited by 13- and 7-fold respectively compared to 3- and 2-fold reductions with SA treatment, during the stationary growth phase. The QS inhibitors (QSI) also reduced the production of extracellular virulence factors with CA reducing protease, elastase and pyocyanin by 65%, 22% and 32%, respectively. The QSIs significantly reduced biofilm formation and concomitantly with repressed rhamnolipid gene expression, only trace amount of extracellular rhamnolipids were detected. The QSIs did not completely inhibit virulence factor expression and production but their administration significantly lowered the virulence phenotypes at both the transcriptional and extracellular levels. This study shows the significant inhibitory effect of natural plant-derived compounds on the repression of QS systems in P. aeruginosa.
Energy relaxation and vibrations in small 3D plasma clusters (2008)

The time evolution of three-dimensional (3D) plasma clusters containing 17 and 63 particles has been analyzed. Using a radiofrequency (rf) spot electrode, we were able to get almost un-stressed 3D clusters under gravity conditions on Earth. Fast 3D diagnostics of the particle positions allowed us to study the cluster structure and dynamics in detail. In particular, we were able to follow the evolution of the systems through rearrangement and particle evaporation to their final equilibrium state with minimum energy. The vibrations of the larger (63 particles) cluster were compatible with theoretical estimates for a liquid drop with surface tension. This indicates that macroscopic properties, normally associated with systems in the cooperative regime, provide an adequate description even for small (discrete) clusters.
The role of peptide motifs in the evolution of a protein network (2007)

Naturally occurring proteins in cellular networks often share peptide motifs. These motifs have been known to play a pivotal role in protein interactions among the components of a network. However, it remains unknown how these motifs have contributed to the evolution of the protein network. Here we addressed this issue by a synthetic biology approach. Through the motif programming method, we have constructed an artificial protein library by mixing four peptide motifs shared among the Bcl-2 family proteins that positively or negatively regulate the apoptosis networks. We found one strong pro-apoptotic protein, d29, and two proteins having moderate, but unambiguous anti-apoptotic functions, a10 and d16, from the 28 tested clones. Thus both the pro- and anti-apoptotic modulators were present in the library, demonstrating that functional proteins with opposing effects can emerge from a single pool prepared from common motifs. Motif programming studies have exhibited that the annotated function of the motifs were significantly influenced by the context that the motifs embedded. The results further revealed that reshuffling of a set of motifs realized the promiscuous state of protein, from which disparate functions could emerge. Our finding suggests that motifs contributed to the plastic evolvability of the protein network.
Dopaminergic Neuromodulation of Semantic Processing: A 4-T fMRI Study with Levodopa (2009)

There is emerging evidence that alterations in dopaminergic transmission can influence semantic processing, yet the neural mechanisms involved are unknown. The influence of levodopa (L-DOPA) on semantic priming was investigated in healthy individuals (n = 20) using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging with a randomized, double-blind crossover design. Critical prime-target pairs consisted of a lexical ambiguity prime and 1) a target related to the dominant meaning of the prime (e.g., bank-money), 2) a target related to the subordinate meaning (e.g., fence-sword), or 3) an unrelated target (e.g., ball-desk). Behavioral data showed that both dominant and subordinate meanings were primed on placebo. In contrast, there was preserved priming of dominant meanings and no significant priming of subordinate meanings on L-DOPA, the latter associated with decreased anterior cingulate and dorsal prefrontal cortex activity. Dominant meaning activation on L-DOPA was associated with increased activity in the left rolandic operculum and left middle temporal gyrus. These findings suggest that L-DOPA enhances frequency-based semantic focus via prefrontal and temporal modulation of automatic semantic priming and through engagement of anterior cingulate mechanisms supporting attentional/controlled priming.
Robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery: the importance of human factors analysis and design. (2004)

Success in robotic minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has been limited despite the innovations in robotic technology for surgical applications. Human factors engineering approach to the design and implementation of this technology is major to improving system performance and patient safety. The engineering discipline of human factors involves the study of factors and development of tools that enable human interaction with systems in a safe and effective manner. Human factors contribution is important to the product design life cycle, as it supports the design of a product capable of supporting, extending, and transforming user work in a cost-effective and timely fashion. A framework for modelling the interaction between the surgeon and technology in MIS is presented. This approach allows for identification of requirements and constraints at the physical, functional, and cognitive levels, which in turn guides the design of the technology and its interface. The human factors approach is expected to increase the effectiveness of the technology when deployed.
Preliminary results of the effects of sewing, packing and parachute deployment on material strength (1984)

Ribbon parachute fabrics were tested during development and production of a 24 ft parachute, and after 2.5 years ambient exposure at several storage sites. The effects of sewing, packing, and parachute deployment on material strength were obtained in the 1000 lb Kevlar ribbon after moisture exposure during packing, and when packed parachutes absorbed moisture or were thermal cycled. Individual yarn samples from the low strength ribbons exhibited little change in strength indicating that the material itself had not degraded. Factors leading to the change in ribbon strength are discussed. Considering all materials, there have been no indications to date of any uncontrollable changes in material strength that would limit the use of Kevlar in parachute applications.