gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Use of Virus Transport Modeling for Determining Regulatory Compliance (1995)

Abstract The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has developed a draft Ground Water Disinfection Rule (GWDR) proposing that all public water systems using groundwater must disinfect the source water from each of its wells unless the wells meet one of the “natural disinfection” criteria they have developed or the system qualifies for a variance. A water utility that wished to avoid chemical or physical disinfection of its well water and did not meet the prescribed horizontal or vertical setback distances would have the option of using a virus transport model to determine whether there was adequate “natural disinfection” in their system. We think that this procedure is unwise, because there is enormous uncertainty in the estimates of the parameters required by the transport model. This uncertainty is amplified nonlinearly into the model prediction of maximum virus concentration the USEPA wishes to use as the basis for regulatory decisions. For typical levels of uncertainty in the input parameters, we predict that the concentration uncertainty will span many orders of magnitude, rendering model estimates of natural disinfection useless for regulatory purposes.
Auctions Negotiation for Mobile Rideshare Service (2007)

Rideshare systems allow a substantial number of people to mutually benefit from using less cars in a specific region. This would rationalize energy consumption, save money, and decrease traffic jams and pollution. However, accessibility issues have prevented these architectures from being widely spread. In this paper, we present an agent-based rideshare system that is accessible via lightweight devices. We use auction mechanism as a method of negotiation among autonomous and proactive agents, by this we aim at accelerating agents' interactions while resolving end-user composite tasks.
A multitone-antenna diversity approach to PCS communications (2002)

The idea of using multitone signaling for wireless mobile communications has become increasingly popular in the past few years. This article describes the use of multitone signals and antenna combining in a system which is capable of "learning" the characteristics of the wireless transmission channel. The channel is assumed to be a frequency-selective channel which is slowly changing. By utilizing both the "water-pouring" technique of multitone signaling and antenna diversity combining, it is possible to maximize the bit rate through the channel. The new part of this system is the use of antenna diversity combining in this transmission scheme.
50.2: A Novel Poly‐Si TFTs with Selectively Doped Regions Fabricated by New Excimer Laser Annealing (2001)

Abstract A novel poly‐Si TFT with selectively doped regions in the channel has proposed and successfully fabricated by a new excimer laser annealing method using pre‐patterned beam mask. The n‐channel new TFTs exhibit a high mobility exceeding 250cm 2 /V·. s and a low leakage current due to the large laterally grown grains and the reduced lateral electric field.
Analysis and Design of a Polarizer Rotator System (2008)

A new analysis of an N-section polarizer composed of periodic arrays of wires is presented. The exact full-wave theory based on the mode-matching method is applied to analyze the structures. The validity and accuracy of the approach are verified by comparing the results with those obtained from an equivalent circuit model based on the transmission line theory and the authors' measurement of a manufactured prototype.
4-Substituted Cinnoline Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT4-Substituted Cinnoline Derivatives1Thomas L. Jacobs, S. Winstein, Robert B. Henderson, and Earl C. SpaethCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 7, 1310–1313Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01211a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01211a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regulación menstrual: anticoncepción alguna. Aspectos epidemiológicos y sociopsicológicos. (2012)

Se hace un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de caracterizar algunos aspectos epidemiológicos y sociopsicológicos de las pacientes que acudieron al servicio de regulación menstrual del Policlínico Área Norte de Sancti Spíritus durante los meses de diciembre de 1997 a febrero de 1998 encontrando un predominio de adolescentes con un 38,03 % que se encuentran estudiando en un 34,8 % y que interrumpen el supuesto embarazo porque en un 26,7 % consideran que ello limitan a su realización personal. El 50 % no usaba anticonceptivos. Conclusiones: se destaca el uso de los anticonceptivos que dicen conocer. Se recomienda analizar los resultados en las reuniones de GBT con vistas a elaborar estrategias educativas eficaces para grupos de edades preadolescentes y adolescentes.
Impact of the GST on the Development of Hospitality and Tourism Sector in India (2020)

Tourism is one of the prime activities which play a vital role not only in the generation of employment and income but also in holding firm sociopolitical relationship with the other countries.India is one of the most fascinating destinations to the world tourists as it is known for its diversity in culture, languages, rituals, traditions, ethnicity with rich civilization. The tourism sector in India is one of the rapidly growing sectors. It contributed 9.2 percent of GDP in 2018 and is expected to contribute 9.9 percent of GDP by 2028.Goods and Service Tax (GST) is said to be a non-discriminatory tax, which affects various layers of the economy. The recent rate cuts announced by the GST council are expected to yield good results in the promotion of hospitality and tourism business in India. Generally, rationalization of GST rates is a positive step taken by the policymakers and it augments this sector to a great extent. It is expected that the rate cuts will give a boost to the tourism which in turn brings a good number of job opportunities in the sector. At this juncture, an earnest attempt has been made to analyzethe post-effect on the hospitality and tourism sector after the implementation of GST and the consequent amendments therein.
Colourism as an intra-racial phenomenon: The case of Tanzania (2015)

Diverse shades of skin tone in Africa are associated with various social meanings and connotations. Colourism incorporates stereotyping, prejudice and discrimination based on skin colour, between and within races, as part of a hierarchical system of privilege and disadvantage structured on the lightness and darkness of someone’s skin. Skin colour often designates racial identity. Colourism is an aspect of racism which usually values lighter skin over darker shades, and reactions to this, such as using skin-lightening products. Most literature on colourism has focused on the experiences of African-Americans and similar majority populations. In order to understand how colourism functions, this paper focuses on intra-racial experiences of colourism in Tanzania as depicted in local media. People with albinism and very light skin due to lack of pigment experience pervasive discrimination and attacks in which their body parts are removed and sold. The difference in treatment indicates complexities related to mystification of albino bodies. Colourism in this extreme form functions along a path of stereotyping, devaluation and questioning of people’s humanity, ascription of supernatural powers and commodification of these powers. The paper argues that although colourism is primarily understood as a social process, it can function as capital and hence underpin economic benefits and disadvantages. Colourism is explored as a phenomenon separate to racism in the case of albinism. The…
Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in a Partially Dielectric Filled Circular Waveguide (1970)

A circular waveguide partially filled with dielectric is considered as the deflecting structure for a relativistic particle separator. The cutoff wavelengths and normalized phase velocity versus frequency characteristics are presented. The expressions for power, losses, deflecting fields, and transverse deflecting forces are also given. Our investigation shows that the dominant (HEM11) mode of the structure can be used as a transverse deflecting mode for synchronous particles in a relativistic particle separator.
Language identification using parallel syllable-like unit recognition (2004)

Automatic spoken language identification (LID) is the task of identifying the language from a short utterance of the speech signal. The most successful approach to LID uses phone recognizers of several languages in parallel. The basic requirement to build a parallel phone recognition (PPR) system is annotated corpora. A novel approach is proposed for the LID task which uses parallel syllable-like unit recognizers, in a framework similar to the PPR approach in the literature. The difference is that unsupervised syllable models are built from the training data. The data is first segmented into syllable-like units. The syllable segments are then clustered using an incremental approach. This results in a set of syllable models for each language. Our initial results on the OGI MLTS corpora show that the performance is 69.5%. We further show that if only a subset of syllable models that are unique (in some sense), are considered, the performance improves to 75.9%.
Systemic administration of phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone protects the retina from light damage. (2001)

PBN protects the albino rat retina from the damaging effects of constant light stress. That light-induced and hereditary retinal degenerations share certain morphologic hallmarks and follow a similar apoptotic mechanism of degeneration raises the possibility of pharmacologic therapy for hereditary and environmentally induced neurodegenerative disorders.
The extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris inhibits human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene expression and replication in vitro (2013)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in newborn infants, immunocompromised individuals with HIV/AIDS and organ transplant recipients. In order to identify a novel antiviral candidate for HCMV-related diseases, crude ethanol extracts from plants were screened for their potential inhibitory activity on HCMV replication in vitro. Ethanol (70%) extract of Elaeocarpus sylvestris leaves (ESE) markedly inhibited the replication of the HCMV Towne strain without exhibiting any significant adverse effects on the viability of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF). In addition, ESE significantly downregulated HCMV immediate early (IE) gene expression. Taken together, this is the first study, to the best of our knowledge, demonstrating that ESE has a potent antiviral activity against HCMV by downregulating HCMV IE gene expression and replication.
Expression of α-AR Subtypes in T Lymphocytes and Role of the α-ARs in Mediating Modulation of T Cell Function (2007)

T lymphocytes express both alpha(1)-ARs and alpha(2)-ARs, but only the alpha(2)-ARs participate in the suppressive modulation of lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in vitro. The inhibitory effect of alpha(2)-AR stimulation on lymphocyte function is partially mediated via the phospholipase C-protein kinase C pathway.
The social brain hypothesis: An evolutionary perspective on the neurobiology of social behaviour (2012)

Abstract This chapter defends a version of the social brain hypothesis, focusing especially on the cognitive powers involved in the ‘Theory of Mind’ that humans are thought to deploy in order to attribute mental states to each other. The size of the human brain is not a new discovery (and does not need any sophisticated technology to establish it): the innovative contribution of neuroscience to this area of study, however, has been to enable experiments in which the brain activation of subjects doing various ‘social cognition’ tasks can be examined and mapped. The discovery that parts of the prefrontal cortex are consistently activated by Theory of Mind tasks provides the social brain hypothesis with support. The fact that it is this area of the brain that has become larger as human brain size has increased over time also fits nicely within a theory that regards the demands of social cognition as a central ‘driver’ of the evolution of the human brain.
Synthesis of derivatives of N,N-dimethylhydrazine and their physiological activities (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of derivatives of N,N-dimethylhydrazine and their physiological activitiesW. Philip BrianCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1971, 14, 11, 1133–1134Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00293a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00293a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A freeze/unfreeze mechanism for the LinuxThreads library (2002)

Clusters of standard components are becoming a viable alternative to traditional supercomputers. The typical architecture of these clusters is standard PCs connected by a high performance network. Another rising interest is in the use of idle computers for computation. The operating system used on this kind of platform is generally Linux because it is stable, and flexible: it can be studied, modified and tuned. When using a parallel architecture two important points are fault tolerance and load-balancing of activities scheduling. This is especially true in the context of clusters shared between users and applications and that relies on hardware not as robust as dedicated parallel machines. To provide these two services it is necessary to have a mechanism to stop, freeze, activities in a preemptive manner and, of course, one to restore them in the state they were when frozen. In this paper we present our proposal to modify the LinuxThreads library to provide this service. We do an analysis of how this library works and also give some performance results of the modified library.
A novel fuzzy clustering algorithm (2004)

In this paper we proposed a novel fuzzy clustering algorithm, called a fuzzy compactness and separation (FCS), based on a fuzzy scatter matrix. The compactness is measured by a fuzzy within variation and the separation is measured by a fuzzy between variation. The proposed FCS objective function is a modification of the FS validity index proposed by Fukuyama and Sugeno (1989) and also a generalization of the fuzzy c-means (FCM). The FCS algorithm assigns a hard kernel boundary for each cluster such that hard memberships and fuzzy memberships could be co-existed in the clustering results. Thus, FCS can be seen as a clustering algorithm with a novel sense between hard c-means and fuzzy c-means. Some numerical examples are demonstrated to show its properties and effectiveness.
The Selective C-Mono-and C,C-Dialkylation of Thiophosphorylacetonitriles and Reactivity of the Products (1999)

The facile synthetic route to selective C-mono-and C,C-dialkylation of thiophosphorylacetonitriles by primary haloalkanes under phase transfer catalysis conditions has been developed. Using under the same conditions unsymmetric α,ω-dihaloalkanes results in different linear and cyclic products depending on the alkylene chain length. 3-Halopropylsubstituted thiophosphorylacetonitriles synthesized transform to mono-and bis-heterophosphacyclanes under elevated temperatures.
Fast Atom Bombardment Combined with Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Study of Collisionally Induced Remote Charge Site Decompositions (1985)

Several classes of FAB desorbed, closed-shell ions have been found to decompose upon collisional activation in an unprecedented manner. The fragmentation occurs for ions with long alkyl chains and involves parallel losses of the elements of CnH2n+2 initiated from the alkyl terminus. The mechanism appears to be a 1,4-elimination of H2 to give a neutral alkene (CnH2n) and an unsaturated charged fragment. The reactions do not rely on charge initiation and, as a result, they are termed "remote charge site fragmentations." Considerable structural information may be obtained by interpreting the spectra of daughter ions. The information includes location of double bonds in fatty acids, indentification of components in complex lipids, determination of compositions of anionic and cationic surfactants, and identification of long-chained alkyl substituants on phosphonium and ammonium ions.
A review of the contribution of whole embryo culture to the determination of hazard and risk in teratogenicity testing (1997)

Whole embryo culture appears to be an excellent method to screen chemicals for teratogenic hazard. Compared to in vivo testing it is cheap and rapid and does not involve experimentation on live adult animals. Also in the important area of risk estimation whole embryo culture offers distinct advantages over in vivo teratogenicity testing. Adverse embryonic outcomes (malformations or embryotoxicity) are directly related to the serum concentration of the compound being tested and can be compared to the serum concentration in the human. A similar comparison is not possible after in vivo testing because for most compounds there are major pharmacokinetic differences between humans and experimental animals. In vivo testing is also limited by the possibility that metabolites that occur in the human do not occur in the test animal. This problem can be overcome in the in vitro system by adding the metabolite directly at the desired concentration either with or without the parent compound. There is only one major disadvantage to in vitro testing and that is the limited period of embryogenesis that is undertaken in the commonly used culture system. This restricts the range of malformations that can be induced and may render the testing system unsuitable for compounds that are likely to exert their major toxicological effect late in gestation. Any evaluation of whole embryo culture for hazard and risk assessment in teratology must take into account the limited value of currently used in vivo methods. Over 2000 chemicals have been reported to be teratogenic in experimental animals exposed in vivo (Shepard, Catalog of Teratogenic Agents, 1989). In comparison only about 20 chemicals are known to cause birth defects in the human. This large number of in vivo false-positive cannot easily be distinguished from true-positives. In this respect in vivo testing is severely deficient. The embryo culture testing system would also be expected to produce many false-positives; but by comparing effective drug concentrations with human therapeutic concentrations they can be differentiated from true-positives. The most serious deficiency for an in vivo or in vitro teratogenicity testing system would be false-negatives. This has not been a problem in the validation of in vitro testing so far (except perhaps procarbazine), but difficult drugs such as thalidomide were not included. Thalidomide remains an important index chemical because it is not teratogenic in rats or mice but is teratogenic in the rabbit and human. It is likely that these species differences are due to metabolic differences between species and it is possible that if the proximate teratogen/s of thalidomide were identified they would be teratogenic in rat embryo culture. Whole embryo culture remains a very powerful technique that should continue to contribute to the determination of the safety of drugs and other chemicals during pregnancy.
Computing partial DFT for comb spectrum evaluation (1996)

A comb spectrum evaluation problem arises in the (de)modulation for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-based (OFDM-based) multichannel communication system. Efficient algorithms for this special type of partial discrete Fourier transform (DFT) computation are studied. For an M-component comb spectrum evaluation with transform length N, it is shown that only O(N+MlogM) multiplications are needed, compared with O(NlogM) multiplications necessary for a narrowband spectrum evaluation. Pruning radix-2 decimation-in-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) requires only (N/4+M/2log/sub 2/M-M) nontrivial complex multiplications. The frequency shift technique has also been applied to allow a modularized mixed-radix structure for the computation of comb spectrum with an initial component not starting from zero frequency point.
TALE-mediated epigenetic suppression of CDKN2A increases replication in human fibroblasts (2015)

Current strategies to alter disease-associated epigenetic modifications target ubiquitously expressed epigenetic regulators. This approach does not allow specific genes to be controlled in specific cell types; therefore, tools to selectively target epigenetic modifications in the desired cell type and strategies to more efficiently correct aberrant gene expression in disease are needed. Here, we have developed a method for directing DNA methylation to specific gene loci by conjugating catalytic domains of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) to engineered transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). We demonstrated that these TALE-DNMTs direct DNA methylation specifically to the targeted gene locus in human cells. Further, we determined that minimizing direct nucleotide sequence repeats within the TALE moiety permits efficient lentivirus transduction, allowing easy targeting of primary cell types. Finally, we demonstrated that directed DNA methylation with a TALE-DNMT targeting the CDKN2A locus, which encodes the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16, decreased CDKN2A expression and increased replication of primary human fibroblasts, as intended. Moreover, overexpression of p16 in these cells reversed the proliferative phenotype, demonstrating the specificity of our epigenetic targeting. Together, our results demonstrate that TALE-DNMTs can selectively target specific genes and suggest that this strategy has potential application for the development of locus-specific epigenetic therapeutics.