gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of whole-farm economic modelling for irrigation farming (2011)

The main objective of this paper is to review the progress that has been made in South Africa with respect to whole-farm economic modelling over the past 2 decades. Farming systems are complex and careful consideration to the stochastic dynamic nature of irrigation farming processes and their linkages with the larger water system is necessary when conducting whole-farm modelling. Both simulation and optimisation approaches to whole-farm modelling have been developed. Simulation is able to realistically model key performance indicators for decision-making while taking cognisance of the stochastic dynamic nature of irrigation agriculture. Normally only a few predefined scenarios are considered and these do not include decisions regarding allocation of water between competing farm uses of water. Optimisation models take the opportunity cost of water into account while optimising water use between multiple crops. Simplifications of the soil-crop-water subsystem are necessary to optimise agricultural water use between activities which are differentiated by crop, irrigation technology and soil at whole-farm level. Appropriate use of crop simulation models to provide input for mathematical programming models holds promise but needs to be weighed against the extra time needed to validate models and generate the required information. Research is necessary to determine the value of considering water as a stock resource compared to a situation where water use is optimised without considering water as a stock resource. Optimisation results indicated that it is profitable to irrigate larger areas with water saved from deficit irrigation and increasing irrigation efficiency. Relatively little research was done to demonstrate the externalities caused by irrigation farming under the current water policy. Future research should focus on developing integrated hydro-economic modelling frameworks that will incorporate irrigation externalities. Modelling decision-making by means of a single-attribute utility function is unsatisfactory and more research is necessary to improve understanding of the decision-making process to enhance whole-farm modelling frameworks that will assist farmers in making tactical decisions.Keywords: whole-farm, irrigation farming, profitability, modelling, optimisation, simulation, hydrology
Cross‐Coupling of Aryl/Alkenyl Pivalates with Organozinc Reagents through Nickel‐Catalyzed CO Bond Activation under Mild Reaction Conditions (2008)

Partnersuche: [NiCl2(PCy3)2] katalysiert die Titelreaktion zur Aryl-Aryl- und Vinyl-Aryl-Kupplung hoch effizient. Die erste katalytische Kreuzkupplung von Pivalaten mit Organozinkreagentien als Partnern wird beschrieben (siehe Schema; Cy=Cyclohexyl, Piv=Pivalat).
Robot Control near Singularity and Joint Limit Using a Continuous Task Transition Algorithm (2013)

When robots are controlled in the task space, singularities and joint limits are among the most critical and difficult issues that can arise. In this paper, we propose a new approach for the robots to operate in the regions near singularities and joint limits using the operational space control framework. Specifically, a continuous task transition algorithm called the intermediate desired value approach is applied to the hierarchically structured controller in the operational space control framework. In this approach, new tasks are defined for dealing with singularities and joint limits, and the tasks are activated or deactivated using the continuous task transition algorithm to guarantee the continuous execution of the tasks during the execution of the main task. The proposed approach is implemented on a 6-DOF manipulator called Roman-MD. The experimental results demonstrate its performance near the singular regions and joint limits.
Science Experiments in the Middle School (1988)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsWilliam R. WilliamsDr. Bill Williams is an Associate Professor of Education at The Citadel, Charleston, S. C. They have team taught summer workshops for teachers.Patrick R. BriggsDr. Patrick Briggs is an Associate Professor of Physics at The Citadel, Charleston, S. C. They have team taught summer workshops for teachers.
Effects of enzymes and gamma irradiation on the tensile strength and morphology of poly(<i>p</i>‐dioxanone) fibers (1984)

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine how and to what extent a new degradable polymeric fiber, poly( p ‐dioxanone), used as a surgical suture material, degrades in the presence of enzymes and after γ‐irradiation. The degradation of the fiber was studied mechanically using an Instron and morphologically by SEM. Both esterase and trypsin enzymes and their corresponding buffer controls were used. The fibers were γ‐irradiated at the dosages ranging from 0 to 20 Mrad, immersed in the solution for up to 70 days, and then removed for tensile strength and morphological examinations. It was found that γ‐irradiation alone lowered the tensile strength of PDS fibers and made them more susceptible to hydrolysis. Esterase and trypsin did not accelerate the hydrolytic degradtion of this fiber to any significant level. Both γ‐irradiation and enzymes influenced the gross morphological characteristic of PDS fibers when they were subjected to hydrolysis. The most important morphological observations were the formation of surface cracks and chips on the fibers and the subsequent peeling of the chips. Enzyme‐treated PDS fibers exhibited similar morphological findings but the size of the chips was smaller. The morphological observations of PDS fibers were consistent with the tensile strength data.
FACULTAD DE MEDICINA. DIVISION DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES (1970)

LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA (FM) ANUNCIA LOS CURSOS PARA MEDICOS CIRUJANOS, QUIMICOS Y BIOLOGOS DEL 29 DE SEPTIEMBRE DEL 70 AL 15 DE MARZO DEL 71 EN EL AUDITORIO DEL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES BIOMEDICAS DE LA UNAM, CONTIENE TEMARIO, QUIEN IMPARTIRA EL CURSO, LA CUOTAS E INFORMES, INSCRIPCIONES.
Postprandial changes in serum concentrations of gastrin-17, gastrin-34, and total gastrin in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers and in normal subjects. (1985)

The fasting concentrations of total gastrin and gastrin-17 (G-17) were similar in healthy volunteers and in asymptomatic patients with gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcers. However, the fasting serum concentration of gastrin-34 (G-34) was higher in patients with gastric ulcers than in normal subjects, in whom it was higher than in patients with duodenal ulcers. In response to food, the increases in G-17, G-34, and total gastrin were greater in ulcer patients than in healthy subjects. Cimetidine administration was associated with further increases in G-17, G-34, and total gastrin in normal subjects and gastric ulcer patients after meals. The ratio G-17/G-34 was similar in placebo-treated normal subjects and placebo-treated patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers. Cimetidine produced an increase in G-17/G-34 in placebo-treated normal subjects and placebo-treated patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers, but the ratio G-17/G-34 was greater in patients with gastric ulcers than in normal subjects. These results indicate that: differences in serum gastrin concentrations between patient groups, treatment regimens, and time of day are better detected by measuring G-17 and G-34 rather than total gastrin; there are differences in fasting and food-stimulated gastrin concentrations between normal subjects and patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers; the fasting concentration of G-34 is higher than G-17 in normal subjects and patients with gastric ulcers but not in patients with duodenal ulcers; food increases G-17 in all subjects but G-34 only in subjects with gastric ulcers; cimetidine increases the fasting concentration of total gastrin in normal subjects and patients with gastric ulcers and increases G-17 and G-34 in normal subjects; cimetidine increases the ratio G-17/G-34 in normal subjects and patients with gastric ulcers, but decreases G-17/G-34 in patients with duodenal ulcers. It is proposed: that measurements of total gastrin concentration should be replaced by measurements of G-17 and G-34 and that such measurements of G-17 and G-34 indicate differences in serum gastrin concentrations between normal subjects and those with peptic ulcers and between those with gastric versus duodenal ulcers. The role of altered gastrin metabolism in the pathogenesis of ulcers needs to be established.
Building high-performance smartphones via non-volatile memory (2014)

Smartphones are getting increasingly high-performance with advances in mobile processors and larger main memories to support feature-rich applications. However, the storage subsystem has always been a prohibitive factor that slows down the pace of reaching even higher performance while maintaining good user experience. Despite today's smartphones are equipped with larger-than-ever main memories, they consume more energy and still run out of memory. But the slow NAND flash based storage vetoes the possibility of swapping---an important technique to extend main memory---and leaves a system that constantly terminates user applications under memory pressure.
Intramolecular coordination of an alkene to a mixed dicyclopentadienyl benzyl zirconium cation studied by NMR spectroscopy (1998)

Benzylation of [Zr(η5-C5H5){η5-C5H4SiMe2(CH2CHCH2)}Cl2] 1 yields [Zr(η5-C5H5){η5-C5H4SiMe2- (CH2CHCH2)}(CH2C6H5)2] 2, which reacts with either B(C6F5)3 or [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] to generate the same cation, 3+, which has been fully characterised by 1H, 13C NMR and 1H DNMR spectroscopy.
Adaptive LC/BL Feedback Control in Field Sequential Color LCD Technique for Color Breakup Minimization (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A full-color image on field sequential color (FSC) displays is composed of color fields in temporal sequence. With the FSC mechanism, color filters of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) can be removed to heighten the light efficiency and lower the material cost. Color breakup (CBU), however, has appeared intrinsically to degrade visual qualities. A novel gray level determination of liquid crystal and backlight (LC/BL) was proposed to suppress the CBU artifact on FSC-LCDs. Based on the image content in each frame, a dominated color-mixed field was found to minimize the color difference between the CBU and original image. Additionally, the feedback algorithm for the adaptive LC/BL signals was developed and implemented on a 32-inch optically compensated bend (OCB) mode LC panel. According to the evaluation of experiments and observations, the proposed method has been demonstrated to greatly suppress CBU in LCD applications. </para>
The effect of toothpaste containing triclosan on oral mucosal desquamation (1996)

SLS-containing toothpaste has previously been shown to cause oral mucosal desquamations when used in an experimental cap splint model. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of toothpastes containing SLS in combination with triclosan on oral mucosal desquamation in a similar cap splint model system. It has previously been shown that the antibacterial agent triclosan also may have anti-inflammatory properties. The concentration of triclosan in the experimental toothpastes was 0.3%, while SLS varied from 1.5% to 3%. No oral mucosal desquamations were observed after use of a 1.5% SLS 0.3% triclosan containing toothpaste, contrary to the positive control toothpaste that contained 1.5% SLS without triclosan. Furthermore, a statistically significant reduction in severe desquamations was observed after use of a toothpaste containing 3% SLS-0.3% triclosan compared with the positive control. It may thus be suggested that triclosan exerts a moderating effect on desquamative reactions caused by SLS and that the effect is dependent on the relative amount of triclosan and SLS in the toothpastes.
[The treatment of acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women]. (1993)

Analysis of 2058 pregnancy histories of patients with acute pyelonephritis helped work out and specify the indications for conservative and surgical treatment and characterize the etiopathogenetic factors and diagnostic methods. The necessity is emphasized of 'relieving' calix catheterization leading to elimination of retention shifts in the upper urinary tract and improving the efficacy of comprehensive antibacterial and detoxifying therapy. Methods and volumes of surgical interventions are substantiated.
Biallelic insertion of a transcriptional terminator via the CRISPR/Cas9 system efficiently silences expression of protein-coding and non-coding RNA genes (2017)

The type II bacterial CRISPR/Cas9 system is a simple, convenient, and powerful tool for targeted gene editing. Here, we describe a CRISPR/Cas9-based approach for inserting a poly(A) transcriptional terminator into both alleles of a targeted gene to silence protein-coding and non-protein-coding genes, which often play key roles in gene regulation but are difficult to silence via insertion or deletion of short DNA fragments. The integration of 225 bp of bovine growth hormone poly(A) signals into either the first intron or the first exon or behind the promoter of target genes caused efficient termination of expression of <i>PPP1R12C</i>, <i>NSUN2</i> (protein-coding genes), and <i>MALAT1</i> (non-protein-coding gene). Both <i>NeoR</i> and <i>PuroR</i> were used as markers in the selection of clonal cell lines with biallelic integration of a poly(A) signal. Genotyping analysis indicated that the cell lines displayed the desired biallelic silencing after a brief selection period. These combined results indicate that this CRISPR/Cas9-based approach offers an easy, convenient, and efficient novel technique for gene silencing in cell lines, especially for those in which gene integration is difficult because of a low efficiency of homology-directed repair.
A wide-band bridge for the measurement of the complex permittivity of polymeric solids and other materials (1982)

A set of design criteria and performance limits are presented for a bridge to measure complex permittivity over a frequency range of at least 30 mHz to 3 MHz. The application of the bridge is illustrated by reference to polyethylene terephthalate.
Logical Analysis of Data in the TREC-9 Filtering Track. (2000)

In the TREC-9 adaptive filtering and routing sub-tasks of the filtering track we continued to explore utilizing the Logical Analysis of Data (LAD) machine learning methodology to develop Boolean expressions that can be utilized as &quot;rules&quot; for characterizing relevant and irrelevant documents.
Update of AMmtDB: a database of multi-aligned Metazoa mitochondrial DNA sequences (2000)

The AMmtDB database (http://bio-www.ba.cnr.it:8000/srs6/ ) has been updated by collecting the multi-aligned sequences of Chordata mitochondrial genes coding for proteins and tRNAs. The genes coding for proteins are multi-aligned based on the translated sequences and both the nucleotide and amino acid multi-alignments are provided. AMmtDB data selected through SRS can be viewed and managed using GeneDoc or other programs for the management of multi-aligned data depending on the user's operative system. The multiple alignments have been produced with CLUSTALW and PILEUP programs and then carefully optimized manually.
“Those Aspects of the Social Sciences…” (1980)

For a discipline that lies beyond the boundaries of what traditionally has been considered the domain of the humanities, political science has not fared badly at the endowment established to promote humanistic knowledge. However, that is a subjective judgment: One of the dubious charms of the NEH has been its failure, until recently, to implement a data collection and retrieval system that could yield information concerning the magnitude of support received by a given discipline. At long last an ADP system, known to its friends as AUGUSTUS (its enemies call it other things), is undergoing debugging. It is scheduled to be fully operational by the end of the current fiscal year. Two additional factors make it difficult to isolate grants awarded in political science. The Endowment, unlike the National Science Foundation, divides its workload principally by the type of audiences at which funded projects are aimed—e.g., the general public, research scholars, educators, community groups—rather than by discipline. Thus, just as there is no English program, so there is no political science program at the Endowment. Projects conducted by political scientists are eligible to compete in all of the funding categories administered by the Divisions of Fellowships, Research Grants, Public Programs, and Education Programs. To the extent that they express local or regional interests and involve a general out-of-school public, they may also compete for funds offered by the State Humanities Committees which serve as regrant agencies for the Endowment.
Determining Surface Infiltration Rate of Permeable Pavements with Digital Imaging (2018)

Cell phone images of pervious pavement surfaces were used to explore relationships between surface infiltration rates (SIR) measured using the ASTM C1701 standard test and using a simple falling head test. A fiber-reinforced porous asphalt surface and a highly permeable material comprised of stone, rubber and a polymer binder (Porous Pave) were tested. Images taken with a high-resolution cellphone camera were acquired as JPEG files and converted to gray scale images in Matlab® for analysis. The distribution of gray levels was compared to the surface infiltration rates obtained for both pavements with attention given to the mean of the distribution. Investigation into the relationships between mean SIR and parameters determined from the gray level distribution produced in the image analysis revealed that mean SIR measured in both pavements were proportional to the inverse of the mean of the distribution. The relationships produced a coefficient of determination over 85% using both the ASTM and the falling head test in the porous asphalt surface. SIR measurements determined with the ASTM method were highly correlated with the inverse mean of the distribution of gray levels in the Porous Pave material as well, producing coefficients of determination of over 90% and Kendall’s tau-b of roughly 70% for nonparametric data.
A Rationale for the Linear Correlation of Aryl Substituent Effects in Iron(0) Tricarbonyl Complexes Containing α,β-Unsaturated Enone (Chalcone) Ligands (2007)

A library of iron(0) tricarbonyl complexes containing η4-bound α,β-unsaturated enone ligands [Fe(CO)3(η4-RCHCH−C{Ph}O)] has been prepared to facilitate comprehensive correlation of the electronic withdrawing/donating properties of the substituent, R, with the strength of the metal−ligand interaction. The IR and NMR spectroscopic data proved invaluable in aiding a comprehensive correlation and global understanding of the aryl substituent effects. The frequency of the M−CO bands in the infrared spectra of these species exhibits a linear correlation with the Hammett parameters for the substituents. The coordination shifts in both the 1H and 13C NMR spectra for the ligands exhibit a similar linear relationship. The largest coordination shifts are observed when more electron-withdrawing groups are present, implying that the organic ligand is primarily acting as a π-acid. The structures of six complexes of this type have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
A Study on the Compressional Properties of Acrylic Carpet (1987)

Nowadays, the amount used carpets are on the increase, according to the improvement of life-style. The pleasantness of carpet is caused by the properties of pile, because the most carpets are made pile fabric. For that reason, a study on the compressional properties of carpet is very important issue. This study has been carried out to investigate the differences of compressional properties in various acrylic carpets which were Cut, Tufted, Jacquard and Shag. Each acrylic carpets was transformed to 4, 6, 8 mm of pile height, as results of transformation, we could get the pressure-thickness curve and pressure-deformation curve. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Rate of compression increases, compressive resistance and compressive elasticity decr-eases, as pile height increases. 2. Regardless of pile height, compressive elasticity reached the limit in recovery period at about 10 minutes. 3. Work of compression increases, as pile height increases. 4. Work of compression decreases, as apparent density increases. 5, Cut-type carpet has the best cushion.
A review of temperature measurement methods for twist drilling processes (2013)

The high temperatures experienced by twist drills during drilling processes wear them down and shorten their useable lifespan. To design new twist drills, drill coatings, coolants, and cooling methods that minimise the damage caused by heat, researchers and engineers need to measure the temperature of and the temperature distribution in drills and workpieces accurately and precisely. To that end, this paper reviews a variety of temperature measurement methods for twist drilling, detailing how they work, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. It divides these methods into four categories: invasive methods (thermocouples), semi-invasive methods (thermal paint), non-invasive methods (pyrometers and infrared cameras), and metallurgical methods (metallography and energy dispersive X-ray measurement). It also reviews temperature measurement methods that could prove very useful in future drilling studies (thin-film thermocouples and optical fibre sensors).
Immunocytochemical localization of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein in developing normal and RCS rat retinas. (1985)

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) was localized immunocytochemically in developing normal and RCS rat retinas. IRBP was present in normal and RCS neural retinas on the day after birth (postnatal day 2, P2) to P8 in the space between the neuroblastic layer and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The presence of IRBP prior to the development of outer segments (OS) suggests that OS formation is not linked temporally with IRBP secretion. On P10, staining was confined to the interphotoreceptor space with an intense band of label adjacent to the RPE. This staining pattern persisted in normal rats throughout development and until P18 in RCS rats. On P18, anti-IRBP staining in the RCS was spread evenly throughout the OS layer with no intense band of label adjacent to the RPE and after P18, there was decreased staining with anti-IRBP. On P45 and later, no staining of the RCS retina was found with anti-IRBP. Immunoblots of normal and RCS retinas corroborated the results from immunocytochemical staining. These findings suggest that IRBP may be synthesized in the photoreceptors, but is not abnormal in amount or distribution prior to onset of retinal degeneration in the RCS rat.