gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LiveDescribe: Can Amateur Describers Create High-Quality Audio Description? (2012)

Introduction The study presented here evaluated the usability of the audio description software LiveDescribe and explored the acceptance rates of audio description created by amateur describers who used LiveDescribe to facilitate the creation of their descriptions. Methods Twelve amateur describers with little or no previous experience with audio description used the software LiveDescribe to describe a single episode of a 20-minute comedy show. Seventy-five reviewers who were blind, had low vision, or were sighted then rated the descriptions using a number of criteria, including overall quality and entertainment value. Results LiveDescribe was found to be easy to use and useful. Three of the 12 describers produced descriptions that were rated as of good overall quality, 6 produced descriptions that were rated as of medium quality, and 3 produced descriptions that were rated as of poor quality. Discussion These findings indicate that amateur description is feasible even with minimal training in either description itself or LiveDescribe. Audiences’ preferences for description seem to be based on various characteristics of describers, such as the describers’ vernacular and tone of voice and the length and timing of the descriptions. Implications for practitioners If amateur description is indeed feasible, the quantity of audio descriptions that are available to the general public could be increased significantly. A great deal of informal description is already created by families and friends of individuals who are visually impaired through the “whisper method.” If this description process could be captured and formalized through a tool such as LiveDescribe and shared through the Internet, many more descriptions could be made available.
Comparison of Zn-doped GaAs layers prepared by liquid-phase and vapor-phase techniques, including diffusion lengths and photoluminescence (1975)

p-type Zn-doped GaAs layers have been prepared by both liquid-phase (LPE) and vapor-phase (VPE) epitaxial growth techniques. Both techniques allow controlled Zn doping between ∼9×1017 and 3×1019 cm−3. For the LPE technique, the hole concentration (p) is related to the concentration (XZn) in the Ga solution by p=5×1020(XZn)1/2. The surfaces of the LPE layers have a characteristic ripple, in contrast to the optically flat surfaces representative of vapor-grown layers. Minority-carrier (electron) diffusion lengths in the LPE layers decrease from 10 to 5 μm with increasing hole concentrations between 9×1017 and 3×1019 cm−3. Diffusion lengths for comparably doped VPE layers are about two times smaller. The room-temperature photoluminescence characteristics of both types of layers have similar dependences on hole concentration, which can be used as a calibration for nondestructive hole concentration determination. Peak photoluminescence intensities of the two types of layers occur at ∼1×1019 cm−3, and are approximately equal in intensity.
Abstract 4725: Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase by RX-3117 (fluorocyclopentenylcytosine) leads to upregulation of hypomethylated targets (2016)

Abstract RX-3117 (Fluorocyclopentenylcytosine; FCPEC) is an orally bioavailable novel cytidine analog which is currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical study. Downregulation of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) by RX-3117 was shown in various cell lines with different histological backgrounds. In the present study we determined the effect of RX-3117 on DNMT1 at the DNA, RNA, protein and enzyme activity, and reactivation of suppressed target genes, including p16INK4A, methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) and the proton coupled folate transporter (PCFT). In the moderately sensitive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines such as A549 and SW1573, 5-50 μM RX-3117 downregulated DNMT1 protein expression by 5-20% after 24 hr exposure and &gt;90% after 48 hr. DNMT1 mRNA was not affected after 24 hr exposure but was affected moderately after 48 hr. In the sensitive ovarian cancer cell line A2780, protein down regulation was already observed after 24 hr at 1 μM RX-3117. DNMT1 activity was inhibited by 1 μM RX-3117 by 32% which was similar to the percent inhibition with 5 μM of the reference compound 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (DAC, 31%). In A549 cells 5 μM RX-3117 decreased overall methylation of DNA (detected by an antibody against 5-methylcytosine) by 25% after 48 hr exposure, while 5 μM DAC only inhibited 9%. For several genes known to be affected by methylation, we evaluated their protein expression and activity. In A549 and SW1573 cells a 24 hr exposure to 5 μM RX-3117 increased the expression of the cell cycle protein p16INK4A and of the DNA repair enzyme MGMT. For PCFT we evaluated its functional activity in CCRF-CEM leukemic cells which have a highly methylated PCFT promoter and in CEM-MTX cells which are deficient for the reduced folate carrier (RFC). PCFT is a specific folate transporter responsible for uptake of folic acid and the folate analogs methotrexate (MTX) and pemetrexed. Incubation of both CEM and CEM-MTX cells with either 29.6 μM RX-3117 or DAC as a positive control markedly increased PCFT mediated transport of MTX. This was more pronounced in CEM-MTX cells, 10-11-fold increase for both RX-3117 and DAC, compared to a 4-fold increase in CEM cells. In conclusion, the down-regulation of DNMT1 by RX-3117 was accompanied by a decrease in DNMT1 protein expression and enzyme activity, resulting in up-regulation of proteins of MGMT, PCFT, and the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4A. These data underline DNMT1 inhibition as a novel mechanism of RX-3117. Citation Format: Godefridus J. Peters, Dzjemma Sarkisjan, Joris J. Julsing, Ahmed Hassan, Kees Smid, Ietje Kathmann, Young Lee, Deog J. Kim. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase by RX-3117 (fluorocyclopentenylcytosine) leads to upregulation of hypomethylated targets. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4725.
Reaction of Enamines with Acetals or Trialkyl Orthoformates Activated by Lewis Acids (1984)

Abstract Enamines, prepared readily from various carbonyl compounds, react with acetals or trialkyl orthoformates in the presence of Lewis acids such as BF3·OEt2 to give corresponding β-alkoxy carbonyl compounds or α-dialkoxymethyl carbonyl compounds in good yields. The reaction of dienamines with acetals or trialkyl orthoformates also selectively gives corresponding β,γ-unsaturated α-(α-alkoxyalkyl) carbonyl compounds or β,γ-unsaturated α-diakoxymethyl carbonyl compounds in good yields.
Gravimetric response of the rod acoustic wave sensors (1993)

Theoretical and experimental investigations of mass sensitivities of thin rod acoustic gravimetric sensors are presented. Effects of the elasticity and the inertia of the mass loading layer are included in the model. Gravimetric sensing experiments are based on a computer monitored electrodeposition process which involves the deposition of loading material on thin metallic fibres. The deposited mass and the phase shift of the acoustic fibre delay line are monitored simultaneously which enables the determination of detailed gravimetric response curves. Both flexural and extensional wave modes have been excited in gold and nickel fibres whose diameters are 25 μm. Copper and polypyrrole have been used as loading materials. Results obtained theoretically and experimentally are consistent. A porous graphite fibre of 12 μm diameter has also been used to detect various concentrations of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sub> in a controlled gas chamber
Century-scale Methylome Stability in a Recently Diverged Arabidopsis thaliana Lineage (2015)

There has been much excitement about the possibility that exposure to specific environments can induce an ecological memory in the form of whole-sale, genome-wide epigenetic changes that are maintained over many generations. In the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, numerous heritable DNA methylation differences have been identified in greenhouse-grown isogenic lines, but it remains unknown how natural, highly variable environments affect the rate and spectrum of such changes. Here we present detailed methylome analyses in a geographically dispersed A. thaliana population that constitutes a collection of near-isogenic lines, diverged for at least a century from a common ancestor. Methylome variation largely reflected genetic distance, and was in many aspects similar to that of lines raised in uniform conditions. Thus, even when plants are grown in varying and diverse natural sites, genome-wide epigenetic variation accumulates mostly in a clock-like manner, and epigenetic divergence thus parallels the pattern of genome-wide DNA sequence divergence.
PROPHYLACTIC TRACHEOSTOMY IN AGED AND POOR RISK GENERAL SURGICAL PATIENTS (1959)

The most common postoperative complications are those involving respiration, and they are especially dangerous to patients classified as poor risks because of age or other handicaps. Among the 11 patients whose histories are given, some who were nearly moribund from respiratory difficulties were saved by tracheostomy; others made good recoveries from major surgery under conditions that would have been hopeless without the help afforded by prophylactic tracheostomy. If this possibility is foreseen, an orderly procedure can be carried out in the operating room instead of desperate measures on the ward. Scrupulous care of the tracheostomy is essential; this includes aseptic precautions, humidification of the inhaled air or oxygen, and the systematic but gentle use of suction to aspirate accumulating mucus.
Nanopatterned polymer brushes as switchable bioactive interfaces (2013)

We report convenient methods for synthesis of nanopatterned, thermally responsive brushes of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) over large areas (e.g., 1 cm(2)) to form model, dynamic, biofunctional surfaces. The new nanopatterned brush structure can be used to control (i) the rate of both nonspecific and biospecific adsorption processes at the polymer-graft-free regions of the substrate, and (ii) the rate of cell detachment. These capabilities have potential implications in a number of areas of biotechnology including biosensing, separations and cell culture.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A (1,2,3)TRIAZOLO(1,5‐A)(1,3,5)TRIAZINE. A NEW HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEM (1976)

Abstract Der Propiolsäureester (II) liefert mit Trimethylsilylazid (III) den Triazolyl‐carbonsäureester (Ia), der über das Hydrazid (Ib) und das Azid (Ic) zu den Aminoverbindungen (IVa) und (IVb) umgelagert wird.
Isoprenoid-mediated changes in the glycerophospholipid molecular species of the sterol auxotrophic fungus Lagenidium giganteum (1995)

The mosquito pathogenic fungus Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes: Lagenidiales) is a sterol auxotroph that can grow vegetatively in the absence of these compounds, but requires an exogenous source of sterols to enter its sexual and asexual reproductive cycles. Electrospray mass spectrometry (MS) and electrospray MS/MS were used to examine three major glycerophospholipid molecular species--glycerophosphocholine (GPC), glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) and glycerophosphoinositol (GPI)--from fungal mycelium and nuclei grown in defined medium with and without isoprenoids which induce (cholesterol and ergosterol) or do not induce (squalene, cholestane) reproduction. Testosterone supplementation of defined media inhibited growth of L. giganteum, so the effect of this steroid on phospholipid metabolism could not be assessed. Mycelium grown in defined media supplemented with these isoprenoids produced significantly different quantities of total phospholipid relative to unsupplemented media and to each other, ranging from a mean of 292 micrograms phosphate per g wet weight for cholesterol-supplemented media to 56 micrograms phosphate per g wet weight for mycelium grown in the presence of squalene. A very large percentage of the GPC (69-80 mol%) and GPI (74-79 mol%) molecular species from mycelia and nuclei contained ether linkages. GPE molecular species had 13-20 mol% ether-containing moieties. The elevated levels of ether lipids may be related to the sterol auxotrophic nature of the fungus. Isoprenoid supplementation of defined growth media resulted in many significant changes in molecular species for all three lipid classes. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the percentage of total cell ether lipids in GPC and GPE were generated by isoprenoid supplements to culture media. Mycelium grown in the presence of the two sterols which induce asexual and sexual reproduction in L. giganteum, cholesterol and ergosterol, had a significantly greater percentage of ether-containing GPE moieties. The glycerolipid species from nuclei isolated from cultures grown with cholesterol and ergosterol were similar to the composition of nuclei isolated from fungus cultured in defined medium without any supplement or supplemented with squalene. The nuclear membrane from mycelia grown in cholestane-supplemented media, however, had a very different glycerophospholipid composition relative to either whole cells or nuclei from cells grown on other media. It appears that one of the reasons that cyclic isoprenoids such as cholestane do not induce fungal reproduction is that they drastically alter the nuclear membrane glycerophospholipid composition.
Entropy generation due to forced convection fluid flow about a solid sphere (2007)

The problem of entropy generation for laminar fluid flow around a solid sphere subjected to uniform heat flux is investigated numerically using a finite-difference technique. The governing continuity, boundary-layer momentum and energy equations were solved. The resulting velocity and temperature profiles were used to compute the local and average entropy generation around the sphere. The two components of the entropy generation, i.e., friction entropy generation and heat-transfer entropy generation, were calculated separately, compared to each other, and the total entropy generation was calculated. The effect of the controlling parameters such as Reynolds number, fluid Prandtl and Eckert numbers on entropy generation were investigated and presented.
Toxic plants as possible human teratogens (1981)

Circumstantial evidence points to lupine toxin in goat's milk as cause of human birth defects.
Enhancement of explosive bowel sounds using Kurtosis-based filtering (2004)

An efficient method for the enhancement of bowel sounds (BS), based on kurtosis is presented in this paper. The proposed method employs an iterative procedure to compose a Kurtosis-based Detector (KD), for enhanced separation of explosive BS (EBS) from the background noise. Analysis of the experimental results, when applying the KD to EBS recorded from patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction, justify an efficient performance of the KD to outwit the noise presence by accurately extracting the authentic structure of EBS. Since the KD removes the undesired signal from the EBS recordings, it can easily be used for data-volume reduction when long-term recordings are employed, e.g., in sleep laboratories, intensive care units, homecare telemedical devices. Due to its simplicity, the KD can be implemented in a real-time context and can be used for continuous EBS screening.
Influence of isomer composition and functionality on the final properties of aromatic polyurea spray coatings (2000)

Polyurea chemistry is very fast and not sensitive to humidity and low temperatures. Polyurea coatings are still applicable in climatological conditions where the conventional coating systems fail, e.g. by water sensitivity or very slow curing. A typical formulation consists of an MDI-based liquid modified quasi-prepolymer with a NCO-content of 16% and a combination of polyoxyalkylene di- and/or triamines with diethyltoluene diamine. Those systems have very short gel times and subsequently are difficult to apply. The spray equipment is designed to meet the need for quick and efficient mixing of the components. It is however preferable to keep the mixing ratio at 1:1 in volume and the viscosity of the two components at comparable levels. The index of the system is usually kept at approx. 1.05. Adding propylene carbonate will improve flow and wetting properties, and also reduce the reactivity of a system. Modifying the mixed MDI isomer composition to higher 2,4'-content gives longer gel times. The use of sterically hindered diamines also has a large impact on the cure time. For this paper we studied the influence of varying mixed isomer composition on cure speed and film properties, the influence of slower reagents on the film properties and the influence of functionality of the isocyanate prepolymer and the resin blend on cure speed, cure efficiency and film properties.
Steady-state chemical kinetics on surface clusters and islands: segregation of reactants (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteady-state chemical kinetics on surface clusters and islands: segregation of reactantsJ. S. Newhouse and R. KopelmanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 6, 1538–1541Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100317a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100317a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Cyclopropylcarbinyl-allyl rearrangement of a hexamethylcyclopropylcarbinyl system (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropylcarbinyl-allyl rearrangement of a hexamethylcyclopropylcarbinyl systemC. Dale Poulter and S. WinsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 13, 3649–3650Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01041a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01041a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metaphit Irreversibly Inhibits [<sup>3</sup>H]<i>threo</i>‐ (±)‐Methylphenidate Binding to Rat Striatal Tissue (1987)

Metaphit (1-[1-(3-isothiocyanatophenyl)cyclohexyl]-piperidine), a derivative of phencyclidine that contains an isothiocyanate group on the meta position of the aromatic ring, resembles its parent compound (phencyclidine) in its ability to inhibit the binding of the stimulant drug [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate to crude synaptosomal membranes from rat striatal tissue (IC50 = 1.4 and 6.2 microM for phencyclidine and Metaphit, respectively). Unlike phencyclidine, however, Metaphit appears to inhibit binding of the radiolabeled stimulant in an irreversible manner, as the degree of inhibition of binding of the stimulant does not diminish when the Metaphit-treated tissue is subjected to repeated washings before determination of the binding of [3H]threo-(+/-)-methylphenidate. This finding suggests that Metaphit may be a useful tool in the study of the molecular basis of stimulant action.
Chapter 3 Dendritic Polymers for the Repair of Tissues (2016)

The application area of nanomedicine in human health and diseases is expanding at an unprecedented rate, and its overwhelming success critically hinges on discovery of novel polymers and materials with unique structural and biochemical properties. Synthesized from commercially available monomers and FDA-approved oligoglycerols, polyglycerols (PGs) have claimed a separate domain within the realm of nanomedicine by their distinctive traits of (1) well-defined topological uniformity (2) biocompatibility, and (3) multi-functionality. Over the last decades, a diverse assortment of PG motifs has been synthesized ranging from linear and dendritic (tree-like) unimolecular structures, to highly-branched, yet finitely monodispersed, cross-linked macromolecular aggregates. Owing to their nanoscale features and presence of multivalent functional groups, both linear and dendritic PGs have enabled the power of multivalency to be harnessed at cellular level. No wonder that PG analogues have been ceaselessly utilized for drug and cell delivery, tissue-regeneration, and in coating applications throughout the past two decades, and the endeavor continues. This chapter presents, in a tutorial fashion, the primary synthetic routes to PGs and structural variants thereof, methods to modify the parent PG scaffolds, and a case-by-case analysis of their major discovery and application areas. We are hoping to provide the reader, in a nutshell, the broader picture of research that has been conducted over dendritic PGs (dPGs) in past years, thereby to elaborate the dazzling capacity of this multipurpose, multivalent macromolecule in the field of nanomedicine.
LIGNINOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF THE BIOPULPING FUNGUS CERIPORIOPSIS SUBVERMISPORA IN SOLID STATE CULTURES (1997)

Lignin peroxidases are generally considered the primary catalysts for the fungal cleavage of nonphenolic lignin structures. However, some white-rot fungi, such as Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, efficiently degrade nonphenolic lignin without expressing any detectable lignin peroxidsse activity. Since C. subvermispora is a likely candidate for the biological pretreatment of wood chips (biopulping) on an industrial scale, a deeper knowledge of its ligninolytic system is desirable. To study the mechanism of lignin depolymerization by C. subvermispora, cellulose block cultures of the fungus were given a polymeric lignin model compound in which the β-O-4-1inked substructure of lignin is covalently attached to polyethylene glycol. The C α sidechain carbon of the model was labeled with 14 C to enable the detection of structural changes following fungal attack. Chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods were used to identify the products. The new models proved to be valuable tools to elucidate the major ligninolytic reactions of C. subvermispora. C α -C β and C β -O- aryl cleavage were shown to be major pathways of lignin model cleavage in this fungus despite its evident lack of lignin peroxidase.