gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a New Light Stratified-Charge DISI Combustion System for a Family of Engines With Upfront CFD Coupling With Thermal and Optical Engine Experiments (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new Light Stratified-Charge Direct Injection (LSC DI) spark ignition combustion system concept was developed at Ford. One of the new features of the LSC DI concept is to use a ‘light’ stratified-charge operation window ranging from the idle operation to low speed and low load. A dual independent variable cam timing (DiVCT) mechanism is used to increase the internal dilution for emissions control and to improve engine thermal efficiency. The LSC DI concept allows a large relaxation in the requirement for the lean after-treatment system, but still enables significant fuel economy gains over the PFI base design, delivering high technology value to the customer. In addition, the reduced stratified-charge window permits a simple, shallow piston bowl design that not only benefits engine wide-open throttle performance, but also reduces design compromises due to compression ratio, DiVCT range and piston bowl shape constraints.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The design, analysis, and experimental testing efforts in developing the combustion system are reported in this paper. A combustion system development methodology was developed and adopted. The methodology features vehicle target cascading, upfront CFD-based design optimization and single-cylinder thermodynamic and optically accessible engine testing for design validation and verification. Application of the methodology allowed a significant reduction of hardware iterations, reducing development time and cost. The LSC DI combustion systems were developed for a family of Ford engines with displacement variants of 0.5, 0.42 and 0.38 liter per cylinder. The systems retained substantial design and component commonality between the DI and PFI variants and among the displacement variants. Significant gains in engine output and fuel economy were demonstrated over the baseline PFI design.</div>
12. WIND EFFECTS AROUND BUILDINGS (1972)

(1972). 12. WIND EFFECTS AROUND BUILDINGS. Architectural Science Review: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 8-14.
Nickel(0)-Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2 + 2] Cycloadditions of Terminal Diynes for the Synthesis of Substituted Cyclooctatetraenes (2007)

The Ni(0)-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions of 1,6- and 1,7-diynes are shown to provide an efficient and selective method for the preparation of 1,2,5,6-tetrasubstituted cyclooctatetraenes (COTs). Catalysts and conditions are described that favor in all cases COT formation over competing [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadditions. A hitherto unexplored crossed reaction is also described, providing access to non-symmetrical COTs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Hybridization of Novel Chiral Pyrrolidine Based PNA Analogue (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Concentration of synchrotron radiation with capillary arrays</title> (1993)

A system has been designed for concentration of an intense parallel beam of X-rays from a synchrotron. The system has two stages. The first stage consists of an array of tapered capillaries which decrease the beam cross section from 2 X 2 mm to about .05 mm and increase the beam divergence to near the critical angle. The second stage has a special asymmetric shape which decreases the beam cross section to 0.001 mm (1 micrometer) and increases the beam divergence to about 10 degrees. Although the optics have been optimized for 10 Kev X-rays, they should give substantial benefit over a range of X-ray energies from 5 - 20 Kev. The intensity gain is calculated to be between 5 X 10<SUP>3</SUP> and 10<SUP>5</SUP> depending on the transmission losses. The design parameters and the current experience with transmission measurements on prototype components will be reviewed. Questions relating to beam heating and radiation damage will also be discussed.
Reversal of Haemorrhagic Shock in Rats by Tetrahydroaminoacridine (2001)

The cardiovascular effects of tetrahydroaminoacridine (tacrine; THA) were investigated in haemorrhaged rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of THA (10, 25 and 50 microg) restored blood pressure in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Atropine (10 microg, i.c.v.), a muscarinic receptor antagonist, attenuated the pressor response to THA (25 microg, i.c.v.), while mecamylamine (50 microg, i.c.v.), a nicotinic receptor antagonist, caused only a slight blockade in the pressor effect of THA. Simultaneous pretreatment with atropine and mecamylamine almost abolished the blood pressure effect of i.c.v. THA (25 microg). Haemorrhage increased plasma levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin and plasma renin activity. THA (25 microg, i.c.v.) administration caused additional increases in vasopressin and adrenaline levels but not of renin activity and noradrenaline levels. The reversal of hypotension by THA was greatly attenuated by administration of either prazosin, an alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist (0.5 mg/kg, i.v.) or by the vasopressin V(1) receptor antagonist [beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopenta-methylenepropionyl(1), O-Me-Tyr(2)-Arg(8)]-vasopressin (10 microg/kg, i.v.). Pretreatment of rats with both prazosin and the vasopressin antagonist simultaneously completely inhibited the pressor response. Intravenous administration of THA (1, 1.5 and 3 mg/kg) also reversed hypotension in rats. Atropine (10 microg, i.c.v.) greatly attenuated the pressor response to THA (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.), while mecamylamine (50 microg, i.c.v.) failed to change the pressor effect of THA. In anaesthetised haemorrhaged rats, THA (1.5 mg/kg, i.v.) increased blood pressure and survival time of the animals. These results show that centrally and peripherally injected THA reverses haemorrhagic hypotension and increases survival time in rats. Activation of central muscarinic and nicotinic receptors is involved in the pressor response to i.c.v. THA. The pressor effect of i.v. THA is solely mediated by central muscarinic receptors. Moreover, the increase in plasma adrenaline and vasopressin levels appears to be involved in the pressor effect of THA.
The Halogenation of 4-Amino-4-deoxy-N<sup>10</sup>-methylpteroylglutamic Acid (Methotrexate)<sup>1</sup> and Other Pteroylglutamic Acid Derivatives<sup>2</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Halogenation of 4-Amino-4-deoxy-N10-methylpteroylglutamic Acid (Methotrexate)1 and Other Pteroylglutamic Acid Derivatives2Robert B. Angier and William V. CurranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 11, 2814–2818Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01520a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01520a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of the Addition of Roller Mill Ground Corn to Pelleted Feed on Pelleting Parameters, Broiler Performance, and Intestinal Strength (2006)

Maintaining an optimal pelleting production rate can be difficult when manufacturing feeds for meat birds. Increased production time may be required to fill feed demand and feed outages occur if demand is not met. Identifying management strategies to enhance overall feed production rate without compromising broiler performance is warranted. This study examined the effects of adding varying amounts of corn, ground through a roller mill, to pelleted supplements on feed production parameters, growth performance, and intestinal strength of broiler chickens. Four treatments were used from 18 to 41 d, which included a control (total diet pelleted), and addition of rolled corn to pelleted supplements at 15, 25, and 35% of the corn required in diet formulation. The final diets fed were identical in nutrient composition. Decreasing the amount of ground corn in the pelleted supplement did not affect pellet durability index in the grower diet, but pellet quality declined in the finisher diet. The dietary treatments did not adversely affect final BW gain or feed conversion. Progressive additions of ground corn to pelleted supplement did not affect gizzard weight or peak force intestinal strength. These data indicate that 35% of the formula corn can be added postpellet to reduce electrical cost for grinding and pelleting and improve overall production rate without adversely affecting cumulative growth performance of broilers.
Identification of the egg, early life history and spawning areas if the anchoveta, Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther), in the Gulf of Panama (1959)

ENGLISH: The egg of the anchoveta, Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther), was identified in the Gulf of Panama by its size, difference in diurnal period of spawning, seasonal occurrence (October to January) and relative abundance. It is pelagic, translucent and oval with mean dimensions of 1.166 mm. and 0.558 mm. for the long and short axes respectively. The egg membrane is unsculptured, the yolk mass is markedly segmented, and no oil globule or pigmentation is present. It was not found in the plankton from mid-January 1957 until the latter part of the following September; during this period the gonads of the anchoveta were immature. Only one other anchovy egg, spawned during the same diurnal period, is sufficiently similar in dimensions to be confused with that of the anchoveta; however, it is slightly smaller. SPANISH: El huevo de la anchoveta, Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther), fué identificado en el Golfo de Panamá por su tamaño, diferencias en el período diario de desove, su abundancia en la temporada (de octubre a enero) y por su abundancia relativa. El huevo es pelágico, translúcido, oval y con dimensiones promedio de 1.166 mm. y 0.558 mm. para los ejes largo y corto, respectivamente. La membrana es lisa, el vitelo está francamente segmentado y no posee ningún glóbulo graso o pigmentación. El huevo de la anchoveta no se encontró en el plancton en el período comprendido entre mediados de enero y fines de septiembre de 1957; durante este lapso las gónadas estuvieron inactivas.
552. Ferrocene derivatives. Part XIII. Some ferrocenyl-ethylene and -acetylene derivatives (1963)

P. L. Pauson and W. E. Watts, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 2990 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630002990
Electrophilic behaviour of nitrosyls: the Boedeker reaction, the reactions of sulphite with nitrosyls, and the crystal and molecular structure of cis-bis(2,2′-bipyridine)chloro(nitrosylsulphito)ruthenium (1983)

Similar adducts to that, [Fe(CN)5{(NO)(SO3)}]4–, formed in the Boedeker reaction have been obtained by the reaction of SO32– with trans-[RuCl(py)4(NO)]2+(py = pyridine) or cis-[RuX(bipy)2(NO)]2+(X = Cl or Br, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine). These adducts, [RuCl(py)4{N(O)SO3}] and cis-[RuX(bipy)2{N(O)SO3}], are shown, principally by i.r. spectroscopy, to contain identical [N(O)SO3]– ligands to [Fe(CN)5{N(O)SO3}]4–. The structure of cis-[RuCl(bipy)2{N(O)SO3}] has been determined by X-ray diffraction. It is best regarded as a ruthenium(II) complex containing the hitherto unknown ligand [ONSO3]– which is N-co-ordinated to RuII. The ligand has a long (1.82 Å) and weak (force constant 137 N m–1) N–S bond. The reversibility of the adduct formation is demonstrated. Crystal data for cis-[RuCl(bipy)2{N(O)SO3}]: orthorhombic, space group Pbca, a= 14.48(2), b= 19.49(2), c= 14.49(1)Å, final R= 0.063 for 290 variables and 1 370 observed reflections. The ruthenium is in a distorted octahedral environment.
Benzimidazolium Salts from Dihydropyridines and Isocyanides (2007)

Described is a one-pot synthetic procedure for benzimidazolium salts from dihydropyridines and isocyanides. This 3-CR sequence consists of a formal double-bond insertion of two isocyanides into the electron-rich dihydropyridine ring to give an intermediate which, upon rearrangement, leads to products in which the formation of three C-C bonds and one C-N bond has occurred. The same reaction sequence using bromine, as shown, has been reported to give substituted tetrahydropyridines (R. Lavilla et al. QSAR Comb. Sci. 2006, 25, 465-473).
해저면 신호가 약한 천부해저지층 탐사자료의 너울영향 보정 (2015)

3.5 kHz 또는 첩(chirp) 천부해저 지층탐사는 해양지질 조사나 엔지니어링 탐사에 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 해상에서의 너울은 탐사자료의 품질을 저하시킨다. 이와 같은 너울의 영향을 보정함으로써 연속성이 향상된 탐사자료를 얻을 수 있다. 정확한 해저면의 위치 선정은 너울영향 보정에 매우 중요하다. 이 연구에서는 원자료와 이를 엔벨로프 또는 에너지비율자료로 변형시킨 자료들에 대해 최대 진폭값의 일정 기준을 초과하는 지점을 선정하는 방법으로 해저면 위치 선정을 시도하였다. 그러나 파도의 잡음으로 인하여 해저면 신호가 분명하지 않은 품질이 낮은 자료에서는 개별 트레이스에서의 자동적인 해저면 위치 선정이 어려웠다. 이 연구에서는 이전 트레이스에서 구한 해저면 평균값을 고려하여 해저면 선정범위 내에서 해저면을 선정하는 방법과, 선정 결과의 신뢰도가 낮은 경우에는 이를 보정에서 제외하는 방법을 사용함으로써 품질이 낮은 자료의 해저면 선정에서도 만족스러운 결과를 얻었다. 개별 트레이스에서 해저면을 선정할 때에는 에너지비율자료를 사용한 경우에 오류가 가장 적었으며, 이전 트레이스 해저면 평균값을 고려하는 방법에서는 원자료를 직접 사용한 경우에 보정결과가 비교적 양호하였다.
[Feasibility to use of recombinant domains of immunoglobulin-like protein LigA as a promising marker for serological testing of patients with leptospirosis]. (2010)

Recombinant domain of LigA in chimeric protein produced in E. coli retains antigenic properties of native LigA protein. Obtained results confirm the feasibility to use recombinant antigen D5-CBD as a marker for development of diagnostic kits on the basis of ELISA.
The Therapeutic Potential of Blocking Galectin-3 Expression in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Mitigating Inflammation of Infarct Region: A Clinical Outcome-Based Translational Study (2018)

Galectin-3 is directly associated with early myocardial inflammation post-MI and may represent a potential target for therapeutic inhibition.
Optisch aktive Brückenkopf‐Derivate des Trishomobarrelens und Trishomobullvalens (1976)

Die chiralen Propellerstrukturen der Verbindungen ( 1 ) und ( 2 ) tragen nicht unerheblich zum optischen Drehvermögen bei. Das zeigt insbesondere die große optische Aktivität des Kohlenwasserstoff ( 2 ) mit = H, der je drei Chiralitätszentren mit ( R )‐ und ( S )‐Konfiguration besitzt und folglich kein Drehvermögen haben sollte. magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: OXO COMPLEXES OF RUTHENIUM(VI) AND (VII) AS ORGANIC OXIDANTS (1984)

Abstract Bei Einsatz des Ru‐Komplexes A, erhält man aus sek. Alkoholen wie (I) die entsprechenden Ketone [‐ (ll)], aus den Aldehyden (III) die Carbotisäuren (IV) und aus prim. Alkoholen, wie z.B. (V), die Carbonsäuren (VI).
Long‐term evaluation of a compliant cushion form acetabular bearing for hip joint replacement: A 20 million cycles wear simulation (2011)

Soft bearing materials that aim to reproduce the tribological function of the natural joint are gaining popularity as an alternative concept to conventional hard bearing materials in the hip and knee. However, it has not been proven so far that an elastic cushion bearing can be sufficiently durable as a long term (∼20 years) articulating joint prosthesis. The use of new bearing materials should be supported by accurate descriptions of the implant following usage and of the number, volume, and type of wear particles generated. We report on a long-term 20 million cycle (Mc) wear study of a commercial hip replacement system composed of a compliant polycarbonate-urethane (PCU) acetabular liner coupled to a cobalt-chromium alloy femoral head. The PCU liner showed excellent wear characteristics in terms of its low and steady volumetric wear rate (5.8-7.7 mm(3)/Mc) and low particle generation rate (2-3 × 10(6) particles/Mc). The latter is 5-6 orders of magnitude lower than that of highly cross-linked polyethylene and 6-8 orders of magnitude lower than that of metal-on-metal bearings. Microscopic analysis of the implants after the simulation demonstrated a low damage level to the implants' articulating surfaces. Thus, the compliant PCU bearing may provide a substantial advantage over traditional bearing materials.
Human Enteric Viruses and Depuration of Bivalve Mollusks (2018)

This chapter reviews some topics concerning viral depuration and relaying: the important human enteric viruses potentially present in fecally contaminated shellfish, the illnesses they cause and their sources, and the epidemiological evidence, especially in the US, that shellfish have caused viral illness. The topics also includes: the factors influencing viral persistence in shellfish habitats; the factors influencing viral uptake and persistence in shellfish; the factors influencing the subsequent elimination of viruses under depuration and relaying conditions. The chapter summarizes the state of knowledge and understanding of viral contamination of bivalve molluscan shellfish, the role of these seafoods in the transmission of enteric viral disease, and the control of viral contamination of shellfish by depuration and relaying. In addition to mollusks, crustaceans also accumulate viruses. Elimination of viruses and other microbial contaminants from shellfish appears to be a result of active elimination as a primary mechanism and physical inactivation of viruses as well.
ChemInform Abstract: Transformation of 4‐Chloro‐5‐nitropyrimidines into 1,3,5‐Triazine Derivatives by Alkylisothioureas. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation (2009)

How good are statistical machine translation systems today? This simple question is very hard to answer. In contrast to other natural language tasks, such as speech recognition, there is no single right answer that we can expect a machine translation system to match. If you ask several different translators to translate one sentence, you will receive several different answers.
Opposition-Based Differential Evolution Algorithms (2006)

Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are well-known optimization approaches to cope with non-linear, complex problems. These population-based algorithms, however, suffer from a general weakness; they are computationally expensive due to slow nature of the evolutionary process. This paper presents some novel schemes to accelerate convergence of evolutionary algorithms. The proposed schemes employ opposition-based learning for population initialization and also for generation jumping. In order to investigate the performance of the proposed schemes, Differential Evolution (DE), an efficient and robust optimization method, has been used. The main idea is general and applicable to other population-based algorithms such as Genetic algorithms, Swarm Intelligence, and Ant Colonies. A set of test functions including unimodal and multimodal benchmark functions is employed for experimental verification. The details of proposed schemes and also conducted experiments are given. The results are highly promising.
Closed-loop control of ejection seats using vectored thrust propulsion systems (2002)

Modern fighter aircraft ejection seats are highly sophisticated systems designed to provide safe ejections for pilots under extremely adverse conditions. US Air Force and Navy have been sponsoring programmes for the design of a new generation of ejection seats with closed loop microprocessor controls utilizing new sensing and propulsive actuation mechanisms. This paper provide an introduction to the highly challenging guidance and control problems which require the use of control methodologies that can handle nonlinear, fast transient and uncertain hybrid dynamics.
Gas Chromatographic Comparison of Volatile Aroma Materials Extracted from Eight Different Muscat-Flavored Varieties Of<i>Vitis Vinifera</i> (1966)

Eight muscat flavored grape varieties— Aleatico, Early Muscat, Malvasia bianca, Muscat of Alexandria, Muscat Hamburg, Orange Muscat, and two new varieties of intense flavor, P 20-59 and Q 26-39—were studied from the point of view of their volatile constituents. Samples of the order of 100 lb were reduced to purée in the Langsenkamp pulper after washing and hand-destemming. The volatiles were stripped from the purée at reduced pressure in a Precision laboratory evaporator, and the distillate from the evaporator was extracted with the pentane-ether azeotrope to isolate the desired volatile components. The volatile aroma concentrates obtained on distilling away the extracting solvent through a Vigreaux column were analyzed gas chromatographically on a 10 ft x ⅛ in FFAP column in an Aerograph 660 instrument. Low-boiling volatile constituents were separated using a programmed temperature regime, whereas the higher-boiling constituents were analyzed isothermally in the gas chromatgraph. Infrared spectra were determined on a number of the isolated and repurified volatile components. Significant variations in relative concentrations of a number of the components of high intrinsic odor were found. Orange Muscat and P 20-59 contained the highest concentrations of linaloöl. Early Muscat and Q 26-39 were intermediate in concentration of this substance, while the rest of the varieties contained only small amounts. Hexanal and trans-hex-2-enal were present in Early Muscat, Malvasia bianca, and Muscat of Alexandria at relatively high concentrations, while the other varieties contained lesser amounts. The corresponding alcohols, hexanol and trans-hex-2-en-l-ol, were present in relatively large concentrations in all varieties except P 20-59, and there seemed to be no inverse relationship between the aldehyde and alcohol concentrations.
Novel Monolithic Reactors for Solar Thermochemical Water Splitting (2010)

We review recent work in the field of solar thermochemical hydrogen production via water splitting in monolithic reactors. The reactor concept is adapted from the well-known automotive emission control field, and consists of a multichannel ceramic honeycomb body, coated with nanostructured mixed oxide materials. The coating is able to cycle between a reduced and an oxidized state. The reactor is heated by concentrated solar radiation and is fed with water vapor. The active coating reacts with the water molecule by “trapping” its oxygen and leaving in the effluent gas stream pure hydrogen. In a subsequent step, the oxygen “trapping” material is regenerated, by increasing the amount of solar heat absorbed by the reactor; hence a cyclic reduction-oxidation (redox) operation is established. Monolithic reactors represent a very promising technology for large-scale, emissions-free solar thermochemical hydrogen production.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Direct Conversion of N—N and N=N Bonds to N‐(tert‐Butyloxy)carbamates. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.