gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boundary layer receptivity to freestream turbulence (1990)

Freestream turbulence of weak but adjustable intensity incident upon a flat plate test model induced Tollmien-Schichting (TS) waves and wave packets. These were studied using a newly-developed sensor by which the packets could be followed from a station nearly as far forward as the minimum critical Reynolds number to the onset of transition. Conclusions reached from these studies were: (1) weak freestream turbulence induced TS wave packets in a Blasius boundary-layer, (2) packets gained strength during propagation through expansion of lateral and longitudinal scales, and through an increase in peak amplitude, (3) the average wave strength at stations of observation was not related to the freestream velocity fluctuation in a linear manner, and (4) packets typically evolved into turbulent spots.
Combining Specialized Entailment Engines for RTE-4. (2008)

The main goal of FBK-irst participation at RTE-4 was to experiment the use of combined specialized entailment engines, each addressing a specific phenomena relevant to entailment. The approach is motivated since textual entailment is due to the combination of several linguistic phenomena which interact among them in a quite complex way. We were driven by the following two considerations: (i) devise a general framework, based on distance between T and H, flexible enough to allow the combination of single entailment engines; (ii) provide a modular approach through which evaluate progresses on single aspects of entailment, using specialised traning and test dataset. For RTE-4 we used two simple entailment engines, one addressing negation and the other lexical similarity, with a linear combination of their respective distances on T-H pairs. 1
Molecular relationships among serogroup B bacteriophages of Staphylococcus aureus (1985)

The typing bacteriophages 55, 80, 83A, and 85 of Staphylococcus aureus, representative of the three major lytic groups of serological group B aureophages, have been examined for relatedness of their genomes and virion proteins. Phages 11 and 80 alpha were also examined to determine the relationship of phage 80 alpha to phages 11 and 80. Total genome hybridization measurements divided the phages into two groups. Phages 55 and 80, in the first group, had DNA homology of 50%. Phages 11, 80 alpha, 83A, and 85 formed a second group with 27 to 65% homology. Homology between the two groups was in the range of 14 to 22%. Phage 80 alpha is more closely related to phage 11 than to phage 80, though it is probably not a simple recombinant of phages 11 and 80. Restriction enzyme digestion and phage [32P]DNA hybridization analysis of the endonuclease-generated fragments from each phage DNA confirmed the findings of the DNA homology measurements. The endonuclease fragment patterns generated by EcoRI and HindIII were distinctive for each phage, confirming that none of the phages are closely related. Common sequences were present in most fragments from the phage DNAs when the labeled probe DNA was from a different phage in the same group. Cross-group probing of endonuclease fragments revealed both a diminished level of homology when similar sequences were present and the probable absence of some sequences. Virion proteins, examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, were similar in number and molecular weight for phages 11, 80 alpha, 83A, and 85, reflecting the DNA homology analyses. The virion proteins from phages 55 and 80, however, were more distinctive, and both differed from the phages in the other group.
Introduction to Veterinary Genetics. By F. W. Nicholas. Oxford University Press. 1996. xiv + 317 pages. Paperback. Price £17.95. ISBN 0 19 854292 5. (1996)

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A cost model for determining the optimal number of software test cases (1989)

A probabilistic model is presented that demonstrates the optimal number of software test cases required in situations where the following can be estimated as independent parameters: (1) the cost per test; (2) the cost per error if undetected until field implementation; (3) the number of software executions over its lifetime; (4) the number of possible different executions; and (5) the number of faults embedded in the software. A formula is derived by the use of calculus and is solved by approximation techniques. Tables of the optimal number of tests over a range of parameter values are presented to illustrate the results. The model serves as a basis for further research efforts to improve the accuracy of input variable estimation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Babylonian Observations (2002)

Abstract Cuneiform tablets from Babylonia record lunar and solar eclipses, the presence and movement of comets, meteors and meteor showers. These have provided historical astronomers with much valuable data, but caution must be exercised when using such records, for accuracy of observation often ceded to astrological intent. In the future, texts from Assyria may also provide useful data for historical astronomers.
In situ and on-site bioremediation. Volume 2 (1997)

Collected in Volume 2 are articles on the bioremediation of media contaminated by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PCBs and chlorinated aromatics, explosives and nitroaromatics, pesticides and herbicides, and other recalcitrant compounds. The technologies discussed include intrinsic remediation/natural attenuation, fungal technologies, application of surfactants, composting, and landfarming. This volume also contains articles on field methods and process monitoring to support bioremediation applications.
Synthesis of dinucleoside polyphosphates catalyzed by firefly luciferase (1991)

In the presence of ATP, luciferin (LH2), Mg2+ and pyrophosphatase, the firefly (Photinus pyralis) luciferase synthesizes diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Ap4A) through formation of the E-LH2-AMP complex and transfer of AMP to ATP. The maximum rate of the synthesis is observed at pH 5.7. The Km values for luciferin and ATP are 2-3 microM and 4 mM, respectively. The synthesis is strictly dependent upon luciferin and a divalent metal cation. Mg2+ can be substituted with Zn2+, Co2+ or Mn2+, which are about half as active as Mg2+, as well as with Ni2+, Cd2+ or Ca2+, which, at 5 mM concentration, are 12-20-fold less effective than Mg2+. ATP is the best substrate of the above reaction, but it can be substituted with adenosine 5'-tetraphosphate (p4A), dATP, and GTP, and thus the luciferase synthesizes the corresponding homo-dinucleoside polyphosphates:diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P5-pentaphosphate (Ap5A), dideoxyadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (dAp4dA) and diguanosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate (Gp4G). In standard reaction mixtures containing ATP and a different nucleotide (p4A, dATP, adenosine 5'-[alpha,beta-methylene]-triphosphate, (Ap[CH2]pp), (S')-adenosine-5'-[alpha-thio]triphosphate [Sp)ATP[alpha S]) and GTP], luciferase synthesizes, in addition to Ap4A, the corresponding hetero-dinucleoside polyphosphates, Ap5A, adenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphodeoxyadenosine (Ap4dA), diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-[alpha,beta-methylene] tetraphosphate (Ap[CH2]pppA), (Sp-diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P4-[alpha-thio]tetraphosphate [Sp)Ap4A[alpha S]) and adenosine-5',5"'-P1,P4-tetraphosphoguanosine (Ap4G), respectively. Adenine nucleotides, with at least a 3-phosphate chain and with an intact alpha-phosphate, are the preferred substrates for the formation of the enzyme-nucleotidyl complex. Nucleotides best accepting AMP from the E-LH2-AMP complex are those which contain at least a 3-phosphate chain and an intact terminal pyrophosphate moiety. ADP or other NDP are poor adenylate acceptors as very little diadenosine 5',5"'-P1,P3-triphosphate (Ap3A) or adenosine-5',5"'-P1,P3-triphosphonucleosides (Ap3N) are formed. In the presence of NTP (excepting ATP), luciferase is able to split Ap4A, transferring the resulting adenylate to NTP, to form hetero-dinucleoside polyphosphates. In the presence of PPi, luciferase is also able to split Ap4A, yielding ATP. The cleavage of Ap4A in the presence of Pi or ADP takes place at a very low rate. The synthesis of dinucleoside polyphosphates, catalyzed by firefly luciferase, is compared with that catalyzed by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and Ap4A phosphorylase.
Overlapping of secular resonances in a Venus horseshoe orbit (1997)

A numerical N–body integration of the asteroid (4660) Nereus over 3.5 Myr shows the presence of the Kozai resonance and two secular resonances inside a horseshoe orbit with Venus. This 1/1 mean motion resonance with Venus remains stable during the whole time span though a secular increase of the orbital inclination of the small body occurs due to the overlapping of two secular resonances, namely ν13 and ν14. This result shows that the dynamics of horseshoe orbits can be very complex since an interplay with some secular mechanisms is possible. Whether such interplay can occur frequently with Venus or the Earth and does not either affect or increase the long–term stability of this kind of orbits is still not clear and needs further investigations.
Interfacial phenomena in biological systems (1991)

Surfaces Lipid Structure of Stratum Corneum, Stig E. Friberg, L. B. Goldsmith, I. Kayali, and H. Sunhaimi Surfactant Interactions with Skin, Linda D. Rhein and F. Anthony Simion The Influence of Electrolyte at Frog Skin Surfaces: Deductions on the Origin of Physiological Electric Circuits, Max Bender Interfacial Phenomena with Reference to the Oral Cavity, Per-Olof J. Glantz, Rolf W. AttstrOm, Anne E. Meyer, and Robert E. Baier Biomaterial Surface Domains: Bacterial Versus Tissue Cells, Anthony G. Gristina, Quentin N. Myrvik, Paul T. Naylor, and Toni L. Meador Proteins in Blood Plasma at Interfaces, Leo Vroman Membranes Contribution of Water in the Stabilization of Biological Membranes, Marko S. Markov Electromagnetic Field Influence on Membranes, Marko S. Markov A Critical Reevaluation of the Non-specific Adsorption of Plasma Proteins and Dextrans to Erythrocytes and the Role of These in Rouleaux Formation, Johan Janzen and Donald E. Brooks Corpuscular Electroporation, James C. Weaver Dynamic Mechanism for Cytoskeleton Structures, E. Del Giudice, S. Doglia, M. Milani, and G. Vitiello Interactions Surface Activity of Proteins, Shlomo Magdassi and Nissim Garti Supercomputer Simulations of the Interaction of Biomolecules, Enrico Clementi, Steven Chin, Giorgina Corongiu, James Given, George C. Lie, Michele Migliore, and Piero Procacci Transport Membrane Transport: Insights from Surface Science, Martin Blank Transport Mechanisms, Physiological Communication, and Intelligence, Max Bender
Gene therapy: Adenovirus‐mediated human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 gene transfer induces mesenchymal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation <i>in vitro</i> and bone formation <i>in vivo</i> (1999)

This study reports that recombinant adenovirus-mediated human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene transfer can induce mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation and bone formation. The recombinant adenovirus with the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 gene was constructed, and mature human bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression mediated by adenovirus gene transfer was detected by specific antibody. Under adenovirus-mediated bone morphogenetic-protein gene transfer, mesenchymal progenitor cell line C3H/10T 1/2 showed cell proliferation dependent on adenovirus bone morphogenetic-protein dose. The C3H/10T 1/2 cells transduced by adenovirus bone morphogenetic protein also exhibited differentiation to osteoblast phenotype, which indicates alkaline phosphatase activity. Injection of the C3H/10T 1/2 cells into the thigh muscles of nude mice led to ossicle development detectable on radiographs. Histological analysis indicated that the new ossicles that developed in the thigh muscles of the mice had different osseous components including bone trabeculae, bone marrow, and chondrified tissue. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for gene therapy by adenovirus-mediated bone morphogenetic-protein gene transfer.
Using Microsoft PowerPoint 2002 (2002)

Get comfortable with PowerPoint 2010. Dont just read about it: See it and hear it with step-by-step video tutorials and valuable audio sidebars delivered through the Free Web Edition that comes with every USING book. For the price of the book, you get online access anywhere with a web connection--no books to carry, updated content, and the benefit of video and audio learning. Way more than just a book, this is all the help youll ever need where you want, when you want! Learn Fast, Learn Easy, Using Web, Video, and Audio Show Me video walks through tasks youve just got to see--including bonus advanced techniques Tell Me More audio delivers practical insights straight from the experts Patrice-Anne Rutledge provides practical, approachable coverage that guides you through mastering the core features and techniques needed to create compelling presentations. New features include Animation PainterApply the formatting of one animation to another animation. This button works in much the same way as the Format Painter button. Presentation SectionsDivide your presentation into logical sections to simplify navigation and organization. Video EditingUse professional video editing and formatting tools directly in PowerPoint without the need for an external application. Screenshot CapturesIncorporate screenshots directly from PowerPoint. Backstage ViewPerform common file-related tasks such as creating, opening, saving, sharing, and printing presentations in fewer steps. Merge and CompareCompare and reconcile multiple versions of the same presentation. Co-AuthoringCollaborate with others on the same presentation in realtime. Broadcast Slide ShowBroadcast your presentation to anyone on the web using either SharePoint Server 2010 or a free Windows Live account. Create a VideoShare your presentation with others as a high-definition, web-based, or mobile device video. Document SharingShare your document with colleagues real-time and communicate with them via instant messaging using Office Communicator 2007 R2. PowerPoint Web AppView and edit PowerPoint presentations on the web using the external PowerPoint web application. In addition to these new features, PowerPoint 2010 also offers many enhancements: An enhanced Ribbon that is available across all Office applications More Office themes More SmartArt graphics Easier access to animation tools Enhanced slide transitions, including 3-D effects Numerous new image editing features Powerful editing tools for mathematical equations Improved notes printing Improved slide show recording functions Enhanced language and translation tools
A Pilot Split-Face Study Comparing Conventional Methyl Aminolevulinate-Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) With Microneedling-Assisted PDT on Actinically Damaged Skin (2013)

Microneedling-assisted PDT is a safe and effective method and can produce superior cosmetic results to conventional MAL-PDT for improving photodamaged skin. Further larger prospective studies are needed to determine whether the addition of MN decreases actinic keratosis.
Gravitational instability in suspension flow (2002)

The gravity-driven flow of non-neutrally buoyant suspensions is shown to be unstable to spanwise perturbations when the shearing motion generates a density profile that increases with height. The instability is simply due to having heavier material over light – a Rayleigh–Taylor-like instability. The wavelength of the fastest growing disturbance is on the order of the thickness of the suspension layer. The parameters important to the problem are the angle of inclination of the layer relative to gravity, the relative density difference between the particles and the fluid, the ratio of the particle size to the thickness of the layer and the bulk volume fraction of particles. The instability is illustrated for a range of these parameters and shown to be most pronounced at intermediate values thereof. This instability mechanism may play an important role in pattern formation in multiphase flows.
Synthesis of a 3D graphite microball using a microfluidic droplet generator and its polymer composite with core–shell structure (2013)

Spherical 3D graphite microballs (3D GMs) and their nanohybrids (3D GM-Fe3O4 nanoparticles) were synthesized by using a microfluidic droplet generator and a thermal evaporation-induced capillary compression method. Using the 3D GM-Fe3O4 nanoparticle as a support for polymerization, 3D GM-polypyrrole composites were produced with a unique core-shell structure.
Clinical analysis of patients with saddle pulmonary embolism and its comparison with the main pulmonary artery embolization (2017)

Objective
To evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients with saddle pulmonary embolism (SPE) and its comparison with left and right main pulmonary artery embolization.


Methods
The clinical data of 17 patients with saddle pulmonary thromboembolism from August 2011 to February 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. And 96 patients with pulmonary embolism in right and/or left pulmonary artery were enrolled as the non-SPE group. The hypertension, surgery or trauma within 3 months, pulse, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, shock or hypotension, D-dimer, serum cardiac troponin Ⅰ, partial pressure of blood oxygen, oxygenation index, N-terminal pro-brain nitric peptide, right ventricular dysfunction and right ventricular systolic blood pressure were compared between the two groups. Meanwhile, the death cases in 3 months were recorded during the follow-up.


Results
The main clinical symptom in the SPE group and non-SPE group were dyspnea (12/17 vs. 74/96), cough (6/17 vs. 20/96), chest pain (5/17 vs. 15/96) and syncope (5/17 vs. 17/96), and there were no siginificant differences among the above symptoms (χ2 = 0.335, 1.705, 1.885, 1.262; P = 0.563, 0.192, 0.170, 0.261). And in the SPE group, the surgery or trauma within 3 months (6/17 vs. 9/96, χ2 = 8.428, P = 0.004) and partial pressure of blood oxygen [(89 ± 25) mmHg vs. (79 ± 25) mmHg, t = 2.002, P = 0.045] were much higher than those in the non-SPE group. All patients were hospitalized and no patient died during the hospitalization. Two cases in the non-SPE group died of pulmonary embolism, but no case died in the SPE group within 3 months.


Conclusion
The short-term prognosis of patients with saddle pulmonary thromboembolism is not inferior to that of patients with pulmonary trunk embolism, and the patients can be treated according to the risk stratification of pulmonary embolism rather than whether having saddle or not.


Key words: 
Pulmonary embolism; Thromboembolism; Saddle pulmonary embolism; Death
A compressed-domain watermarking algorithm for mpeg audio layer 3 (2001)

In this work, we present a digital watermarking scheme for mpeg audio layer 3 audio files that operates directly in the compressed data while manipulating the time and subband/channel domain. In addition, it does not need the original signal to detect the watermark. Our scheme overcomes the disadvantage of algorithms operating in the PCM-Data domain to be vulnerable to compression/recompression attacks, as it places the watermark in the scale factors domain and not in the digitized sound audio data Moreover, our scheme does not need to specially encode the sound data into an mp3 file as it is done by MP3Stego. The strength of our scheme, that allows it to be used with success in both authentication and copyright protection, relies on the fact that the proof of ownership of the audio file is not accomplished simply by detecting the bit pattern that comprises the watermark itself, but by showing that the legal owner knows a hard to compute property of the watermarking string.
Neuropeptide Y: a novel neuroendocrine peptide in the control of pituitary hormone secretion, and its relation to luteinizing hormone. (1992)

Evidence that establishes neuropeptide Y (NPY) as an important neuromessenger in the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion is reviewed. In particular, NPY plays a critical role in stimulating the episodic, basal pattern of luteinizing hormone (LH) release, as well as the preovulatory surge of LH release in several species. The stimulatory effect of NPY on LH secretion is dependent upon the presence of gonadal hormones and involves amplification of the response of other interacting stimulatory signals. NPY acts at the level of the median eminence to excite the release of LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) via a mechanism that leads to the mobilization of intracellular Ca2+. These stimulatory LHRH responses are mediated by Y1NPY receptors. Moreover, NPY activates postsynaptic messenger pathways that complement and reinforce those affected by norepinephrine, which is another major neuroregulator of LHRH secretion and which is released as a cotransmitter with NPY in the median eminence. Additionally, NPY is released into the hypophyseal portal blood for transportation to the anterior pituitary where it enhances the release of LH in response to LHRH. This facilitatory, modulating effect at the pituitary level involves an allosteric increase in LHRH binding to its receptor leading to augmented influx of Ca2+ from the extracellular space. There is evidence that gonadal steroids regulate NPY neurosecretion in a site-specific manner, and that alterations in NPY secretion may occur in part via a direct action of the steroids on NPY neurons in the brainstem and hypothalamus and in part through an indirect effect involving removal of the inhibitory influence of endogenous opioid peptides. These findings are integrated into an overall hypothesis for induction of the preovulatory LH surge on proestrus requiring an interplay between NPY and other neuronal networks. In aged male rats, due to the inability of hypothalamic NPY neurons to respond appropriately to the trophic effects of androgens, NPY neurosecretion is diminished. Further, a review of the literature reveals that NPY may modulate the secretion of other pituitary hormones through a similar combination of hypothalamic and pituitary actions.
Fingerprint indexing and matching: An integrated approach (2017)

Large scale fingerprint recognition systems have been deployed worldwide not only in law enforcement but also in many civilian applications. Thus, it is of great value o identify a query fingerprint in a large background finger-print database both effectively and efficiently based on indexing strategies. The published indexing algorithms do not meet the requirements, especially at low penetrate rates, because of the difficulty in extracting reliable minutiae and other features in low quality fingerprint images. We propose a Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) based fingerprint indexing algorithm. An orientation field dictionary is learned to align fingerprints in a unified coordinate system and a large longitudinal fingerprint database, where each finger has multiple impressions over time, is used to train the ConvNet. Experimental results on NIST SD4 and NIST SD14 show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art fingerprint indexing techniques reported in the literature. Further indexing results on an augmented gallery set of 250K rolled prints demonstrate the scalability of the proposed algorithm. At a penetrate rate of 1%, a score-level fusion of the proposed indexing and a state-of-the-art COTS SDK provides 97.8% rank-1 identification accuracy with a 100-fold reduction in the search space.