gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas-phase reactions. 29. Thioacrolein (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase reactions. 29. ThioacroleinHans Bock, Shamsher Mohmand, Takakuni Hirabayashi, and Andrzej SemkowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1, 312–313Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00365a068https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00365a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A study of the interaction between ultrasound and a partially contacting solid—solid interface (1996)

The measurement of the reflection of ultrasonic waves from a partially contacting solid-solid interface can be used to study the contact conditions at that interface. This paper describes measurements and predictions of the reflection of ultrasonic waves from partially contacting aluminium-aluminium interfaces, performed in the low frequency regime where the wavelength of the ultrasound is large compared to the size of the gaps. The proportion of the incident wave which is reflected at the interface (the reflection coefficient) was measured as a function of frequency with a single wideband ultrasonic transducer. When load was applied across the interface three regions of contact can be seen; no contact, partial contact and perfect contact. In the no contact region the measured reflection coefficient was unity at all frequencies. In the partial contact region the measured reflection coefficient increased with frequency. No measurements were taken in the perfect contact region in which the reflection coefficient is known to be zero at all frequencies as this state is the same as a continuous piece of aluminium. The reflection coefficient variation with frequency was modelled using a spring model, good agreement between experiments and predictions being achieved. Reflection coefficient measurements were then used to study the contact between two aluminium surfaces under repeated loading and unloading cycles. Plastic flow on first loading was evident while subsequent loading cycles revealed largely elastic behaviour. Both elastic and plastic statistical contact models, as well as a numerical contact model, were used to predict the variation of interfacial stiffness with pressure. These models agreed qualitatively with the experimentally determined stiffness variations and the predicted stiffness was within an order of magnitude of the measured value in all cases. © 1996 The Royal Society.
The Static and Dynamic Responses of Binary Mixture Perfluoropolyether Lubricant Films— Molecular Structural Effects (2009)

Static and dynamic properties of single-component perfluoropolyether (PFPE) lubricants have been studied for optimal lubricant selection by examining the molecular conformations that influence the thickness and the mobility for the self-healing capability in lubricant nanofilms. In this paper, we examine the physiochemical properties of the mixture of these two PFPEs using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to find an optimal blend ratio to meet the stringent requirements for disk lubricants of ultra-low head media spacing (HMS). A coarse-grained, bead-spring model was used to model the polymer nanoblends using functional and nonfunctional PFPEs. We examined the static and dynamic responses of binary PFPE films as a function of the molecular structures including end-group functionality. The effect of the functional end-group on the static structures was examined by simulating the parallel and perpendicular components of the radius of gyration. The dynamic responses of various PFPE nanoblends were also simulated by explicitly calculating the self-diffusion coefficient of a tagged molecule. Polydispersity effect on nanoblends was also examined.
Identification of <i>Beet necrotic yellow vein virus</i> P25 Pathogenicity Factor–Interacting Sugar Beet Proteins That Represent Putative Virus Targets or Components of Plant Resistance (2009)

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) induces the most important disease threatening sugar beet. The growth of partially resistant hybrids carrying monogenic dominant resistance genes stabilize yield but are unable to entirely prevent virus infection and replication. P25 is responsible for symptom development and previous studies have shown that recently occurring resistance-breaking isolates possess increased P25 variability. To better understand the viral pathogenicity factor's interplay with plant proteins and to possibly unravel the molecular basis of sugar beet antivirus resistance, P25 was applied in a yeast two-hybrid screen of a resistant sugar beet cDNA library. This screen identified candidate proteins recognized as orthologues from other plant species which are known to be expressed following pathogen infection and involved in plant defense response. Most of the candidates potentially related to host-pathogen interactions were involved in the ubiquitylation process and plants response to stress, and were part of cell and metabolism components. The interaction of several candidate genes with P25 was confirmed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells by transient agrobacterium-mediated expression applying bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay. The putative functions of several of the candidates identified support previous findings and present first targets for understanding the BNYVV pathogenicity and antivirus resistance mechanism.
Data mining library reuse patterns using generalized association rules (2000)

In this paper, we show how data mining can be used to discover library reuse patterns in existing applications. Specifically, we consider the problem of discovering library classes and member functions that are typically reused in combination by application classes. This paper improves upon our earlier research using “association rules” [8] by taking into account the inheritance hierarchy using “generalized association rules”. This turns out to be a non-trivial but worthwhile endeavor.
Pt<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub>·(1,2,4‐C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>), a Structurally Characterized Cocrystallization Product of Pt<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>12</sub> (2005)

Abstract The reaction of platinum(II) chloride with 1,2,4‐trichlorobenzene gives the novel platinum complex Pt 6 Cl 12 ·(1,2,4‐C 6 H 3 Cl 3 ). It is the first example of an cocrystallization product of platinum(II) chloride and organic molecules whose crystal structure has been established.
Etiologyand occurrence of acute bacterial meningitis in children in Benghazi Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (1998)

Over a 14-month period, 77 children with a presumptive diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis were investigated. The incidence of acute bacterial meningitis was 0.8%, with a case fatality rate of 13.0%. Children pound 1 year of age were more affected [64.9%]. The total male to female ratio was 1.2:1. Gram stain detected more cases [85.7%] than culture [66.2%]. A total of 48 isolates were identified by culture and their antibiotic sensitivity was determined. Haemophilus influenzae [33.8%] was the predominant organism identified, followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae [26.0%], Klebsiella spp. [6.5%] and Neisseria meningitidis [2.6%]. Many of the bacterial isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone and least sensitive to tetracycline and ampicillin
A covariance kernel for svm language recognition (2008)

Discriminative training for language recognition has been a key tool for improving system performance. In addition, recognition directly from shifted-delta cepstral features has proven effective. A successful example of this paradigm is SVM-based discrimination of languages based on GMM mean supervectors (GSVs). GSVs are created through MAP adaptation of a universal background model (UBM) GMM. This work proposes a novel extension to this idea by extending the supervector framework to the covariances of the UBM. We demonstrate a new SVM kernel including this covariance structure. In addition, we propose a method for pushing SVM model parameters back to GMM models. These GMM models can be used as an alternate form of scoring. The new approach is demonstrated on a fourteen language task with substantial performance improvements over prior techniques.
A 288Kb dynamic RAM (1982)

A 288Kb random access memory, organized as 32K bytes (9b per byte) with one byte being accessed during every read or write cycle, will be discussed. The chip can be fabricated using current silicon and aluminum metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, applying 2μ ground rules and 1.0μ overlay tolerances.
Electron emission from low-energy<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Xe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>ions interacting with a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MgO</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>thin film deposited on a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Mo</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>substrate (2004)

Experimental electron spectra arising from low-energy ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$ ions scattering off a $\mathrm{MgO}(100)$ thin film on a $\mathrm{Mo}(100)$ substrate are reported. The ionization energy of $\mathrm{Xe}$ is so low that Auger neutralization of ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{+}$ at the insulating film is virtually impossible. The ions are therefore predominantly neutralized by resonant processes leaving behind holes in the valence band of $\mathrm{MgO}$. Recently we have proposed that holes created in a thin insulating film are transported to the substrate where they are neutralized. We have performed computer simulations of the electron emission arising in the Auger neutralization of the holes at the $\mathrm{Mo}$ substrate and found good agreement with the experimental spectra. The present results support our previously proposed model.
Web metasearch as belief aggregation (2000)

Web metasearch requires a mechanism for combining rank-ordered lists of ratings returned by multiple search engines in response to a given user query. We view this as being analogous to the need for combining degrees of belief in probabilistic and uncertain reasoning in artificial intelligence. This paper describes a practical method for performing web metasearch based on a novel transformationbased theory of belief aggregation. The consensus ratings produced by this method take into account the item ratings/rankings output by individual search engines as well as the user&apos;s preferences. Copyright c fl 2000, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. Introduction Web search engines (WSE) use tools ranging from simple text-based search to more sophisticated methods that attempt to understand the intended meanings of both queries and data items. There has been much work in this area in recent years. The link structure of the web has...
Role of NF-KB in Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Cancer Cachexia and its Therapeutic Targets (2013)

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Copyright: 2013 Srivastava DS et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Electroactive polymer artificial muscles: an overview (2010)

Electroactive polymers as smart actuation materials with muscle-like properties represent an emerging scientific field, bridging material science, mechanical and electrical engineering, and medical disciplines. EAP materials are commonly classified into two major families: ionic EAPs, activated by an electricallyinduced transport of ions and/or solvent, and electronic EAPs, activated by electrostatic forces. This paper provides a brief overview on the field, highlighting fundamental features of the most relevant electroactive polymer technologies currently available.
Natürliche und synthetische Derivate der Carnosolsäure (1969)

Abstract In Rosmarin‐ und Salbeiblättern werden als neue Derivate der Carnosolsäure der 7‐β‐Methyläther ihres γ‐Lactons und aus methyliertem Extrakt der 7‐α‐Methyläther des 11,12‐Dimethyläthers des γ‐Lactons aufgefunden. In dem von Wenkert, Fuchs und McChesney isolierten 7‐Hydroxy‐γlacton des Dimethyläthers der Carnosolsäure wird der 7‐Hydroxyl‐gruppe die β‐äquatoriale Lage zugewiesen. In Carnosol und Thymol kann die der Isopropylgruppe benachbarte phenolische Gruppe nur mit Dimethylsulfat, nicht jedoch mit Diazomethan methyliert werden. Beim Methylieren von Carnosol mit Diazomethan treten ferner Ringverengung vom δ‐ zum γ‐Lacton, Oxydation am C‐6 und Methylierung am C‐7 auf.
The GPR17 Receptor—A Promising Goal for Therapy and a Potential Marker of the Neurodegenerative Process in Multiple Sclerosis (2020)

One of the most important goals in the treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) is, in addition to immunomodulation, reconstruction of the lost myelin sheath. The modulator of the central nervous system myelination is the metabotropic receptor coupled to the G-protein: GPR17. GPR17 receptors are considered to be sensors of local damage to the myelin sheath, and play a role in the reconstruction and repair of demyelinating plaques caused by ongoing inflammatory processes. GPR17 receptors are present on nerve cells and precursor oligodendrocyte cells. Under physiological conditions, they are responsible for the differentiation and subsequent maturation of oligodendrocytes, while under pathological conditions (during damage to nerve cells), their expression increases to become mediators in the demyelinating processes. Moreover, they are essential not only in both the processes of inducing damage and the death of neurons, but also in the local repair of the damaged myelin sheath. Therefore, GPR17 receptors may be recognized as the potential goal in creating innovative therapies for the treatment of the neurodegenerative process in MS, based on the acceleration of the remyelination processes. This review examines the role of GRP17 in pathomechanisms of MS development.
New methods for domain structure determination of proteins from solution scattering data (2003)

New approaches for domain structure determination of macromolecules from X-ray solution scattering are presented. An ab initio method for building structural models of proteins from the scattering data implemented in the computer program GASBOR employs simulated annealing to find a chain-like spatial distribution of dummy residues (DR), which fits the experimental scattering pattern up to a resolution of 0.5 nm. This method substantially improves the resolution and reliability of models derived from the scattering data. A modification of GASBOR fitting distance distribution data in real space substantially (by a factor of 3 to 7) speeds up the calculation of DR models. The DR approach is further extended to reconstruct missing domains in multisubunit proteins and fusion proteins and to find probable configurations of missing loops in crystallographic models. Four computer programs have been written to provide appropriate tools for different situations in which a high or low resolution structural model lacks a loop or domain. These methods permit solution scattering analysis to usefully complement the results obtained by high-resolution methods like X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The efficiency of the presented approaches is illustrated by their application for structure analysis of several proteins, with known and unknown crystal structure, from experimental scattering data.
Comparisons of Error Control Techniques (1964)

The performance capabilities of several retransmission systems are compared with each other and with conventional errorcorrecting codes in hypothetical channels exhibiting independent or dependent errors. These evaluations are based on the analysis in the companion paper which admits errors in the feedback channel and undetectable errors in either channel. The basic problem of deciding whether to use retransmission or forward error-correction for a particular application is investigated. The areas of relative superiority based on throughput rate R and uncorrected error rate ρ for each type of error control are determined for a wide range of codes and channels. It is shown that in almost all burst error cases and in independent error channels with low error probabilities, retransmission sytsems are superior to forward error-correcting systems in both throughput rate R and undetected error rate ρ. In independent error channels with high error rates forward error correction shows substantial improvement over retransmission provided that extremely high reliability is not required. It is shown that in designing a retransmission logic, the decision to interpret garbled messages bearing service information as retransmission requests lowers the throughput rate slightly but improves the reliability considerably. The problem of selecting one of the basic retransmission logics for a particular application is also considered. The systems characteristics of the logics were seen to be the prime consideration in many cases since the differences in R and ρ are generally not substantial.
Cross-Linguistic Aspects of Processability Theory (2005)

Seven years ago Manfred Pienemann proposed a novel psycholinguistic theory of language development, Processability Theory (PT). This volume examines the typological plausibility of PT. Focusing on the acquisition of Arabic, Chinese and Japanese the authors demonstrate the capacity of PT to make detailed and verifiable predictions about the developmental schedule for each language. This cross-linguistic perspective is also applied to the study of L1 transfer by comparing the impact of processability and typological proximity. The typological perspective is extended by including a comparison of different types of language acquisition. The architecture of PT is expanded by the addition of a second set of principles that contributes to the formal modeling of levels of processability, namely the mapping of argument-structure onto functional structure in lexical mapping theory. This step yields the inclusion of a range of additional phenomena in the processability hierarchy thus widening the scope of PT.
PicoSAT Essentials (2008)

In this article we describe and evaluate optimized compact data structures for watching literals. Experiments with our SAT solver PicoSAT show that this low-level optimization not only saves memory, but also turns out to speed up the SAT solver consi
Transistor d.c. convertors (1955)

A transistor relaxation-oscillator circuit serving as a direct-voltage step-up device is described. The transistor acts as an interrupter in a low-voltage circuit; energy is stored during the “on” period in the transformer inductance and is delivered to the output circuit at an increased voltage during the “off” period. The paper contains a full account of its operating principles and design for efficient power conversion, a brief analysis of voltage-doubler variants and a discussion of the performance and applications of practical d.c. convertors. It also presents some methods of dealing with problems associated with the circuit, such as stabilization of output voltage and fault protection.Transistor convertors have several advantages over competitive methods at power levels of a fraction of a milliwatt up to several watts, such as high efficiency, long life and small size. They therefore promise to become the preferred method of generating h.t. voltages from l.t. supplies at low power levels, except when temperature conditions are unsuitable for the semi-conductor elements employed.
Identification ofEnterococcus sp. from midgut of silkworm based on biochemical and 16S rDNA sequencing analysis (2006)

Enterococcus sp. was isolated from the midgut of silkworm against the germination ofNosema bombycis spores. Identification was based on the biochemical characteristics, 16S rDNA sequences analysis and species-specific probes ofEnterococcus spp. The isolated strains fermented sorbitol and arabinose but did not ferment raffinose.Enterococcus sp. was clustered together withEnterococcus mundtii ATCC 43188 and 100% sequence homology was found by 16S rDNA sequences BLAST analysis and constructing the phylogenetic tree. Comparison of the sequences of the 16S rDNA species-specific probes ofEnterococcus spp. with the 16S rDNA sequence of isolate revealed similar segment to the species-specific probe ofE. mundtii. So, we can make conclusion the 16S rDNA segment ofEnterococcus sp. can hybridise with species-specific probe ofE. mundtii. Enterococcus mundtii was detected for the first time in the intestine of silkworm.
Hemorrhage produces depression in microvascular blood flow which persists despite fluid resuscitation. (1990)

Although various hemodynamic changes occur during and following hemorrhagic shock, the progressive changes in microvascular blood flow (MBF) in various organs under those conditions have not been determined. To study this, non-heparinized rats were bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg until 40% o the shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer's lactate (RL). The rats were then resuscitated with 2, 3, or 4 times (x) the volume of maximum bleedout with RL. Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) was used to determine the MBF in the liver, kidney, spleen, skeletal muscle, and small intestine at different intervals following hemorrhage and resuscitation. The results indicate that MBF was significantly decreased during hemorrhage and remained depressed 30-240 min post-resuscitation in all the measured organs. This was not due to the decreased hematocrit since acute hemodilution did not significantly depress MBF. These results indicate that 1) LDF is a useful technique for repeated assessment of MBF following hemorrhage and resuscitation; 2) resuscitation with 4x RL increased central venous pressure to more than twice the normal value but did not restore or maintain MBF, suggesting that pharmacological support may be needed under such conditions; 3) the lack of maintenance of MBF following hemorrhage and resuscitation may form the basis of multiple organ failure observed following severe and prolonged hemorrhagic shock.