gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Osteoid Osteoma of the Intercondylar Notch: An Uncommon Cause of Knee Stiffness (2013)

The presence of an osteoid osteoma in a periarticular or intra-articular location about the knee is rare. Osteoid osteoma of the knee may be present with nonspecific complaints including knee pain, stiffness, effusions, and atrophy. Depending on the clinical setting, these symptoms could represent a variety of different diagnoses, including meniscal pathology, chondral pathology, synovitis, or Plica syndrome. In this article, we present the unique case of an osteoid osteoma within the intercondylar notch of the knee that underwent a significant delay in diagnosis and several unnecessary procedures due to misdiagnosis. Although intra-articular osteoid osteomas have been described, there remains a paucity of case reports discussing these lesions within and around the knee, and currently there are no reports available describing such a lesion located within the intercondylar notch. Although osteoid osteomas are relatively common, the intra-articular location of such lesions presents a diagnostic challenge. Vague, nonspecific symptoms including joint pain, swelling, and mechanical symptoms coupled with nonspecific radiographic findings in an otherwise healthy, young patient are more likely to guide the clinician toward a more common diagnosis of a sports-related injury as opposed to a benign bone tumor. This case represents an extremely rare presentation of osteoid osteoma within the intercondylar notch of the knee. The case presentation provides an excellent reminder of the need to consider rare diagnoses such as osteoid osteoma, especially in cases of chronic, unrelenting, localized pain in the absence of any other explicable pathology.
Modelling and simulation of frequency selective fading using switched antenna diversity (1990)

Simulation results for differential MSK in both flat and selective fading environments are presented together with the improvements offered by two and three branch antenna diversity. The results show that for short range communication systems diversity may be considered, up to a point, as an effective alternative to channel equalisation.
Localization of Disulfide Bonds in the Cystine Knot Domain of Human von Willebrand Factor (2000)

von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a multimeric glycoprotein that is required for normal hemostasis. After translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum, proVWF subunits dimerize through disulfide bonds between their C-terminal cystine knot-like (CK) domains. CK domains are characterized by six conserved cysteines. Disulfide bonds between cysteines 2 and 5 and between cysteines 3 and 6 define a ring that is penetrated by a disulfide bond between cysteines 1 and 4. Dimerization often is mediated by additional cysteines that differ among CK domain subfamilies. When expressed in a baculovirus system, recombinant VWF CK domains (residues 1957-2050) were secreted as dimers that were converted to monomers by selective reduction and alkylation of three unconserved cysteine residues: Cys(2008), Cys(2010), and Cys(2048). By partial reduction and alkylation, chemical and proteolytic digestion, mass spectrometry, and amino acid sequencing, the remaining intrachain disulfide bonds were characterized: Cys(1961)-Cys(2011) (), Cys(1987)-Cys(2041) (), Cys(1991)-Cys(2043) (), and Cys(1976)-Cys(2025). The mutation C2008A or C2010A prevented dimerization, whereas the mutation C2048A did not. Symmetry considerations and molecular modeling based on the structure of transforming growth factor-beta suggest that one or three of residues Cys(2008), Cys(2010), and Cys(2048) in each subunit mediate the covalent dimerization of proVWF.
Serial analysis of autoantibody responses to the collagen-like region of Clq, collagen type II, and double stranded DNA in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. (1997)

Serial investigation of 33 patients with SLE showed that antibodies to ClqCLR and dsDNA are markers of severe SLE, particularly SLE with kidney involvement. Antibodies to collagen type II are possible markers of severe extrarenal SLE with vasculitis and serositis. Analysis of anti-ClqCLR antibodies provided no evidence of cross reactivity with collagen type II and dsDNA.
INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER AND THE TRIPLET STATE IN PHTHALOCYANINE COMPLEXES OF PLATINUM METALS (1972)

The luminescence properties of phthalocyanine complexes of the platinum group in solution between $1.3^{0} K$ and $300^{0} K$ are reported. From these properties, including the observed lifetimes, approximate quantum-efficiencies and external and internal heavy atom-effects, a detailed model for the energy transfer processes between ground singlet, first excited singlet and lowest lying triplet states is obtained. We could also obtain reliable estimates for the various rate constants in these processes at low temperatures. It is shown that the zero field splitting of the triplet results in an upper sublevel which is the one populated by intersystem crossing and which does not decay radiatively to the ground state, and two lower lying sublevels which are populated by spin-lattice relaxation only and which are radiatively coupled to the ground state, thus being responsible for the observed phosphorescences. Also reported are luminescences resulting from molecular aggregates.
Requirement of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases and IκB Phosphorylation for Induction of Proinflammatory Cytokines Synthesis by Macrophages Indicates Functional Similarity of Receptors Triggered by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from Parasitic Protozoa and Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide (2001)

In the present study, we evaluated the ability of GPI-anchored mucin-like glycoproteins purified from Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes (tGPI-mucin) to trigger phosphorylation of different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and related transcription factors in inflammatory macrophages. Kinetic experiments show that the peak of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-1/ERK-2, stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) kinase-1/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase-4, and p38/SAPK-2, phosphorylation occurs between 15 and 30 min after macrophage stimulation with tGPI-mucin or GPI anchors highly purified from tGPI-mucins (tGPI). The use of the specific inhibitors of ERK-1/ERK-2 (PD 98059) and p38/SAPK-2 (SB 203580) phosphorylation also indicates the role of MAPKs, with possible involvement of cAMP response element binding protein, in triggering TNF-alpha and IL-12 synthesis by IFN-gamma-primed-macrophages exposed to tGPI or tGPI-mucin. In addition, tGPI-mucin and tGPI were able to induce phosphorylation of I kappa B, and the use of SN50 peptide, an inhibitor of NF-kappa B translocation, resulted in 70% of TNF-alpha synthesis by macrophages exposed to tGPI-mucin. Finally, the similarity of patterns of MAPK and I kappa B phosphorylation, the concentration of drugs required to inhibit cytokine synthesis, as well as cross-tolerization exhibited by macrophages exposed to tGPI, tGPI-mucin, or bacterial LPS, suggest that receptors with the same functional properties are triggered by these different microbial glycoconjugates.
Excitation of Characteristic X Rays by Protons, Electrons, and Primary X Rays (1964)

Protons, electrons, and primary x rays were used to excite characteristic x radiation from individual specimens of Ti, Cr, Fe, Cu, Ge, Zr, and Au. X-ray yield expressed as (photons /sr)/ quantum increased with quantum energy in a similar manner for protons in the range about 1 MeV and electrons in the range about 50 keV. For primary x-ray excitation, the yield decreased with increasing quantum energy, a relationship opposite to that for proton or electron excitation. It appears that the relative values of photo-electric absorption and scattering must be quite different for x rays and electrons to account for their opposite relationship of yield vs energy.
Basophils as critical orchestrators of Th2-type immune responses (2009)

Basophils are relatively rare leukocytes that potentially play a role in both systemic anaphylaxis and, owing to their ability to migrate from the blood into various other tissues, in more localized aspects of allergic inflammation. Given their greater sensitivities to allergen provocation compared with their tissue-fixed mast cell counterparts, and by virtue of their capacity to more readily generate Th2-type cytokines, basophils have been considered to play more than a bystander role in initiating and maintaining allergic disorders. However, only very recently has clearer evidence shed light on the abilities of this cell type to orchestrate chronic allergic inflammation and promote Th2 immunity in the early induction stages of allergy. This review summarizes these recent advances in understanding the role of basophils in orchestrating and maintaining allergic responses.
Properties of Transition Species in the Reactions of Hydroxyl with Ammonia and with Itself (1996)

Quantum transition state theory was used to model two hydrogen atom abstraction reactions of hydroxyl radicals. Moments of inertia for the transition species were calculated from geometries obtained by ab initio or bond energy bond order methods. The transition state equation was fit by nonlinear least squares to experimental rate constants to determine parameters of the transition species. For the reaction of hydroxyl with ammonia, the geometric mean, ωb, of four transitional vibrational frequencies was found to be 660 ± 20 cm-1, the activation barrier height, Vb, including zero point energy, to be 8.5 ± 0.5 kJ mol-1, and the barrier thickness, at half its height, to be 65 ± 30 pm. For the disproportionation reaction of hydroxyl radicals, the corresponding values of the first two parameters, based on the most recent experimental data, were 890 ± 20 cm-1 and 2.7 ± 0.8 kJ mol-1. Ab initio calculations on the latter reaction gave ωb = 746 cm-1 at the HF/6-31G(d,p) level and Vb = 13.6 kJ mol-1 at the MP4/6-311G(d,p) level. The curvature of the Arrhenius plots can be explained by the contributions of the low-frequency vibrations and, for the disproportionation reaction, of the low-lying electronic states.
Improvement of the Mechanical Properties of Calcium Phosphate Bone Substitutes by Polycaprolactone Infiltration (2007)

In this study we show that mechanical properties of bioceramic scaffolds can be significantly improved by repeated infiltration with a low-viscosity polycaprolactone solution. Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP: 70% hydroxyapatite, 30% β-tricalcium phosphate) scaffolds characterized by a bimodal pore size distribution and a global porosity of 70% have been chosen as starting materials. Polymer content in the ceramic scaffold was varied so that an inorganic/organic ratio close to that of bone may be achieved. Work of fracture at maximum stress was 36 J/m2 for the ceramic scaffold alone and reached 127 J/m2 for the 8-times infiltrated samples. These results are superior to the ones previously obtained with polycaprolactone infiltrated alumina due to higher micropore content. We show that during bending tests, polycaprolactone phase formed fibrils while the crack propagated. Crack bridging by polycaprolactone ensured the integrity of the composite once the ceramic scaffold was broken and directly involved in the composite toughening. Because of its composition, microstructure and mechanical behavior of this kind composite can be an interesting candidate for bone substitution.
Aislamiento, Identificación y Caracterización de Nucleopoliedrovirus Nativos de Spodoptera frugiperda en Colombia (2010)

El gusano cogollero del maiz Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) es considerado la plaga mas importante del cultivo en el mundo. En varios paises se han empleado exitosamente los nucleopoliedrovirus de la familia Baculoviridae para su control. Sin embargo, en Colombia, no se cuenta ningun bioplaguicida viral registrado para el control de la plaga. En el presente trabajo, se realizo la busqueda de aislamientos nativos de nucleopoliedrovirus en los departamentos de Tolima, Meta y Cordoba, mediante la recoleccion de larvas en diferentes cultivos. Las muestras fueron analizadas por microscopia para la busqueda de particulas virales y los aislamientos encontrados se caracterizaron fisica y biologicamente. Se recolectaron 2.140 larvas de S. frugiperda en los tres departamentos muestreados. Sin embargo, solo en un lugar (Cerete, Cordoba), se encontraron larvas con sintomas de infeccion viral en campo. El 2% de las muestras colectadas mostraron sintomas tipicos de infeccion y en total se identificaron 3 aislamientos codificados como NPV003 (Cordoba), NPV009 (Tolima) y NPV011 (Meta). Los aislamientos presentaron un tamano de particula entre 1,93 μm y 2,14 μm. Las concentraciones letales medias (CL50) sobre larvas neonatas oscilaron entre 2,2 x 105 CI/mL y 7,0 x 105 CI/mL y no se registraron estadisticas entre los aislamientos, sugiriendo que todos tienen la misma patogenicidad sobre larvas neonatas del insecto. Estos virus nativos representan la base para el desarrollo de una nueva alternativa biologica para el control de la plaga, siendo necesario iniciar los estudios para su formulacion.
A Transgene Locus is Required for Wavy-patterned Flowers of Transgenic Torenia Plants (2001)

Modication of ower colour in torenia (Torenia fournieri Lind.) by reintroduction of the chalcone synthase (CHS) or dihydroavonol-4-reductase genes has been reported (Aida et al., 2000. Plant Science 153: 3342). The typical modied phenotype among plants with an introduced antisense gene is a uniformly lighter-coloured corolla. Of the 67 plants in which an antisense CHS gene was introduced, only a single line (411-7) showed a wavy pattern on the ower lip. In owers of this plant, the inner part of the corolla lip was pigmented more deeply than the outer part in a wavelike patterna pattern that does not exist in normal cultivars. The segregation ratio of the ower colour patterns of the ospring and Southern blot analysis demonstrated that one of the two transgene loci detected may cause the wavy phenotype; the other locus is never associated with the wavy phenotype but alone it could produce the typical antisense type pattern.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of β‐Substituted α‐ Amino Acids. Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition of Nitronates to a Chiral Dehydroalanine Derivative. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Inlet Relative Mach Number Centrifugal Compressor Impeller Design (2007)

This document presents an overview of impeller inlet relative Mach number, how the parameter is calculated, and its importance as an indicator of impeller performance. Comments are also offered regarding the comparison of inlet relative Mach numbers obtained from different compressor vendors. A sample impeller is used to illustrate the various methods used to calculate the inlet relative Mach number. Test data for that impeller is also offered to indicate the performance map achievable with high Mach number designs. Please note that this document is not intended to be an all-inclusive treatment of the subject; rather, it summarizes the OEM’s methodologies and perspective.
Pregnancy risk factors and birth outcomes in Washington State: a comparison of Ethiopian-born and US-born women. (1994)

This study compared birth outcomes of three cohorts of women with singleton live births in Washington State between 1980 and 1991: all Black Ethiopian-born women (n = 264) and samples of US-born Black (n = 526) and White (n = 546) women. Ethiopians were older, more likely to be married, and less likely to smoke than were US-born women, and they were less likely to have anemia than US-born Blacks. The adjusted low-birthweight risk among Ethiopians was similar to that of US-born Blacks (relative risk [RR] = 0.9) and Whites (RR = 1.1). Ethiopians were more likely to have high-birthweight infants than were US-born Blacks (RR = 4.0). Cultural and behavioral etiologies may explain these favorable birth outcomes.
Discovery of AM-1638: A Potent and Orally Bioavailable GPR40/FFA1 Full Agonist (2012)

GPR40 (FFA1) is a G-protein-coupled receptor, primarily expressed in pancreatic islets, the activation of which elicits increased insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated glucose levels. A potent, orally bioavailable small molecule GPR40 agonist is hypothesized to be an effective antidiabetic posing little or no risk of hypoglycemia. We recently reported the discovery of AMG 837 (1), a potent partial agonist of GPR40. Herein, we present the optimization from the GPR40 partial agonist 1 to the structurally and pharmacologically distinct GPR40 full agonist AM-1638 (21). Moreover, we demonstrate the improved in vivo efficacy that GPR40 full agonist 21 exhibits in BDF/DIO mice as compared to partial agonist 1.
Power switch optimization and sizing in 65nm PD-SOI considering supply voltage noise (2010)

In this paper, several power gating solutions are analysed in 65 nm PDSOI technology, taking into account the implementation area. A new figure of merit has been proposed to easily determine the best tradeoff between leakage, drive current and area. It shows that the best solution is to use a Body-Contacted transistor with a non-minimal gate length, enabling leakage currents of the same order of magnitude than in Bulk. A second analysis on specific PD-SOI Logic CORE electrical behaviour has been performed. This analysis allows determining the power switch network sizing implementation taking into account decoupling capacitance, ON Logic CORE current and equivalent parasitic supply inductance.
Zest Checkpoint storage system for large supercomputers (2008)

The PSC has developed a prototype distributed file system infrastructure that vastly accelerates aggregated write bandwidth on large compute platforms. Write bandwidth, more than read bandwidth, is the dominant bottleneck in HPC I/O scenarios due to writing checkpoint data, visualization data and post-processing (multi-stage) data. We have prototyped a scalable solution that will be directly applicable to future petascale compute platforms having of order 10^6 cores. Our design emphasizes high-efficiency scalability, low-cost commodity components, lightweight software layers, end-to-end parallelism, client-side caching and software parity, and a unique model of load-balancing outgoing I/O onto high-speed intermediate storage followed by asynchronous reconstruction to a 3rd-party parallel file system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Hydrogen Selenates of Divalent Metals — M(HSeO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (M: Mg, Mn, Zn) and M(HSeO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>×H<sub>2</sub>O (M: Mn, Cd). (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Permethrin Resistance Mechanisms in the Beet Armyworm (Spodoptera exigua (Huebner)) (2005)

The toxicity of pyrethroids was evaluated in a permethrin-susceptible (TS) and a permethrin-resistant (TR) strain of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). The TR-strain showed 92-fold more resistance to permethrin and higher cross-resistance (97- and 130-fold, respectively) to cypermethrin and fenvalerate than the TS-strain. Moreover, all larval instars exhibited greater susceptibility to permethrin in the TS-strain than TR-strain. There was very little difference in susceptibility between the two strains with respect to chlorphenapyr. The effect of piperonyl butoxide on the toxicity of permethrin indicated that the resistance of the TR-strain is due to enhanced metabolic detoxification by cytochrome P450 monooxygenase. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
Cytotoxicity and metabolic stress induced by deoxynivalenol in the porcine intestinal IPEC‐J2 cell line (2011)

The digestive tract is a target for the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON), a major cereal grain contaminant of animal and public health concern. Toxic effects of DON range from diarrhoea, vomiting and gastrointestinal inflammation to necrosis of several tissues. Following ingestion of contaminated food or feed, intestinal epithelial cells are exposed to a high concentration of ingested DON, potentially affecting intestinal functions. Pigs are considered to be the species most sensitive to DON toxicity. However, only few studies directly evaluated DON effects on porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Therefore, we used the porcine intestinal cell line (IPEC-J2) to assess short-term effects of DON on functional characteristics of the intestinal epithelial cells. The cytotoxic effect of DON on IPEC-J2 cells was evaluated by measuring the count of living cells and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) released in the culture media at a DON concentration range from 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 10 μm. We demonstrated that DON at concentrations of 2.5 and 10 μm decreased significantly (p < 0.001) the cell count in a dose-dependent manner. At a concentration of 10 μm, DON caused cell damage, including rounding of cells, autolysis and cell loss from the monolayer. The mycotoxin, DON, increased LDH release into the culture medium compared with the control value. The alterations of LDH showed a good agreement with the decrease in cell count. Deoxynivalenol decreased the l-lactate concentration in the fluid supernatant of IPEC-J2 cells at 2.5 μm (p < 0.05) with a maximal effect at 10 μm of DON. To determine whether the altered lactate production may be linked to alterations of energy balance, we measured cellular ATP levels in IPEC-J2 cells. A significant decrease in ATP levels was seen at 48 h in a dose-dependent manner. It could be demonstrated that DON has a distinct cytotoxic effect on IPEC-J2 cells.
ARYL γ-KETOESTERS AS PRECURSORS FOR γ-BUTYROLACTONES IN SAMARIUM(II) IODIDE-MEDIATED REACTIONS (2001)

Abstract Various aryl γ-ketoesters were transformed into the corresponding substituted γ-lactones in good yield upon reaction with SmI2. Acknowledgments