gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ueber die Einwirkung des erhitzten Bleioxyds auf Fluoren (1875)

Die Frauenmilch enthalt demnach im Mittel aus 8 Analysen 2.53 pCt.Eiweiss, die Kuhmilch im Mittel aus 4 Analysen 3.5 pCt., also 1 pCt.Eiweiss riiehr alu die Frauenniilch.Ich will dabei bemerken, dass in der Fraucnmilcli ausser den1 Eiweiss keine andere stickstoffhaltige Substanz -Harnstoff oder Kreatinrorzukommen scheint,
Double-blind randomised clinical trial of a pepsin-inhibitory pentapeptide (pepstatin) in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. (1979)

In a double-blind randomised clinical trial a specific inhibition of peptic activity with a pentapeptide, pepstatin, had no significant advantage over placebo in the ulcer healing and symptomatology of duodenal ulcer. Thus, the inhibition of pepsin in human gastric juice does not appear to have a major influence on the healing of duodenal ulcer.
Wing Bug: A portable, low-cost flight test instrumentation system (2017)

The WingBug was an innovative concept by Straight & Level Technologies to measure airspeed, altitude, temperature, Euler angles, angular rates, and acceleration information. The unit was portable, self-powered, streamed data via WiFi to any tablet or smart phone in the cockpit, and cost less than $1000. It measured 8"×3"×3", weighed 6 ounces, and used a GoPro mount to attach externally to any aircraft. This paper covers results from the initial flight test program flown at Florida Institute of Technology in 2016. The WingBug was flown on a Piper Warrior. Data from the WingBug were compared to “truth” data from the Piper Warrior. Test points were limited to static points (e.g. constant bank-angle turns). An evaluation of the tablet display was also performed. Overall, the prototype WingBug shows promising potential as a flight test system or primary flight reference system for home-built aircraft. The recommendations provided can be used by Straight & Level Technologies to further improve their system.
Prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in female patients. Efficacy of low-dose, thrice-weekly therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1979)

Thirty-two women with recurrent urinary tract infections were treated after eradication of existing infections with a mixture of 40 mg of trimethoprim and 200 mg of sulfamethoxazole thrice weekly at bedtime for six months. Six preadolescents received one half this dose. During 21.3 cumulative patient-years of prophylaxis, one infection due to<i>Streptococcus faecalis</i>and one due to a sulfamethoxazole- and trimethoprim-sensitive<i>Escherichia coli</i>occured—an infection incidence of 0.1 per patient-year. During prophylaxis, 61 of 72 periurethral cultures and 24 of 51 anal canal cultures failed to yield Enterobacteriaceae. One patient had transient colonization with a trimethoprim-resistant<i>E coli</i>during prophylaxis. Twenty-one patients had recurrent infection within six months of discontinuation of prophylaxis, with a mean time to recurrence of 2.6 months. One infection recurred 26 weeks following prophylaxis with a<i>Proteus mirabilis</i>. Thrice-weekly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy was effective for prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections and did not predispose to colonization or infection with trimethoprim-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. (<i>JAMA</i>242:1975-1977, 1979)
Efficient text segmentation and adaptive color error diffusion for text enhancement (2005)

This paper proposes an adaptive error diffusion algorithm for text enhancement followed by an efficient text segmentation that uses the maximum gradient difference (MGD). The gradients are calculated along with scan lines, then the MGD values are filled within a local window to merge text segments. If the value is above a threshold, the pixel is considered as potential text. Isolated segments are then eliminated in a non-text region filtering process. After the text segmentation, a conventional error diffusion method is applied to the background, while edge enhancement error diffusion is used for the text. Since it is inevitable that visually objectionable artifacts are generated when using two different halftoning algorithms, gradual dilation is proposed to minimize the boundary artifacts in the segmented text blocks before halftoning. Sharpening based on the gradually dilated text region (GDTR) then prevents the printing of successive dots around the text region boundaries. The method is extended to halftone color images to sharpen the text regions. The proposed adaptive error diffusion algorithm involves color halftoning that controls the amount of edge enhancement using a general error filter. However, edge enhancement unfortunately produces color distortion, as edge enhancement and color difference are trade-offs. The multiplicative edge enhancement parameters are selected based on the amount of edge sharpening and color difference. Plus, an additional error factor is introduced to reduce the dot elimination artifact generated by the edge enhancement error diffusion. In experiments, the text of a scanned image was sharper when using the proposed algorithm than with conventional error diffusion without changing the background.
Voluntary Termination In Restaurants: An Exploratory Determination of Causes (1991)

Each year high numbers of employees voluntarily terminate their employment with restaurant organizations. The author reports the results of an exploratory determination of the reasons why a group of employees who left during a three-month period did terminate with the organizations. The subjects were examined as a total group and as subgroups identified by position. It was found that 47.8 percent of the time the manager is able to influence the factors which may lead to voluntary separation from the organization.
Measurement of stress gradients generated by electromigration (1977)

Stress gradients generated by electromigration in aluminum films were measured at 340 °C. The stresses were measured by combining x-ray topography to record the effects of the film stress and scanning electron microscopy to measure the information on the topographs. At the electromigration threshold the stress gradients of 200-μm-long stripes are 6×1010 dyn/cm3, corresponding to an effective charge of z*=−1.2.
A review of medical terminology standards and structured reporting (2017)

Much effort has been invested in standardizing medical terminology for representation of medical knowledge, storage in electronic medical records, retrieval, reuse for evidence-based decision making, and for efficient messaging between users. We only focus on those efforts related to the representation of clinical medical knowledge required for capturing diagnoses and findings from a wide range of general to specialty clinical perspectives (e.g., internists to pathologists). Standardized medical terminology and the usage of structured reporting have been shown to improve the usage of medical information in secondary activities, such as research, public health, and case studies. The impact of standardization and structured reporting is not limited to secondary activities; standardization has been shown to have a direct impact on patient healthcare.
A Simple Synthesis of<i>trans</i>-Δ<sup>9</sup>-Isoambrettolide, Dihydroambrettolide, and Methyl 16-Acetoxy-9-hexadecenoate (1987)

Δ9-Isoambrettolide (2) and methyl 16-acetoxy-9-hexadecenoate (3) are prepared from aleuritic acid and dimethylformamide dialkyl acetals by a one-pot reaction. Catalytic hydrogenation of products 2 and 3 affords dihydroambrettolide (6) and methyl 16-acetoxyhexadecanoate (7), respectively.
Mastoparan, a novel mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells, stimulates pertussis toxin-sensitive arachidonic acid release without inositol phosphate accumulation. (1991)

Mastoparan, a basic tetradecapeptide isolated from wasp venom, is a novel mitogen for Swiss 3T3 cells. This peptide induced DNA synthesis in synergy with insulin in a concentration-dependent manner; half-maximum and maximum responses were achieved at 14 and 17 microM, respectively. Mastoparan also stimulated DNA synthesis in the presence of other growth promoting factors including bombesin, insulin-like growth factor-1, and platelet-derived growth factor. The synergistic mitogenic stimulation by mastoparan can be dissociated from activation of phospholipase C. Mastoparan did not stimulate phosphoinositide breakdown, Ca2+ mobilization or protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of a major cellular substrate or transmodulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. In contrast, mastoparan stimulated arachidonic acid release, prostaglandin E2 production, and enhanced cAMP accumulation in the presence of forskolin. These responses were inhibited by prior treatment with pertussis toxin. Hence, mastoparan stimulates arachidonic acid release via a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein in Swiss 3T3 cells. Arachidonic acid, like mastoparan, stimulated DNA synthesis in the presence of insulin. The ability of mastoparan to stimulate mitogenesis was reduced by pertussis toxin treatment. These results demonstrate, for the first time, that mastoparan stimulates reinitiation of DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells and indicate that this peptide may be a useful probe to elucidate signal transduction mechanisms in mitogenesis.
The “Renaissance” in Recent Thought: Fifteen Years of Interpretation (1965)

The term "Renaissance" has undergone a revolution in meaning. A basic review of what the term refers to would be helpful in increasing communication and cooperation among scholars of varying disciplines. This article surveys recent scholarly treatments of the history, politics, economy, philosophy, science, literature, and art of the Renaissance period.
Boosting relative spaces for categorizing objects with large intra-class variation (2008)

In this paper, a novel method for object categorization is proposed. We first analyze the phenomenon of large intra-class variation and attribute it to the "subcategory" problem. To reveal the local and distinct properties of the different subcategories, relative spaces are constructed. Then the weighted FLDs (Fisher Linear Discriminant) as weak learners trained in relative spaces are integrated with the boosting framework to form the final classifier. Experiments on 8 categories from Caltech database show the effectiveness of our algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANYLPHOSPHONIC ACID ANHYDRIDES AND THEIR THIO ANALOGS (1983)

Abstract Synthesewege für die als Dimere vorliegenden Anhydride von Organyl‐dithio‐phosphonsäuren , z.B. die Verbindungen (III), (VI), (VIII) und (XI), werden beschrieben.
Fast Paxos Made Easy (2014)

Distributed consensus is one of the most important building blocks for distributed systems. Fast Paxos is one of the latest variants of the Paxos algorithm for distributed consensus. Fast Paxos allows an acceptor to cast a vote for a value of its choice unilaterally in a fast round, thereby eliminating a communication step for reaching consensus. As a tradeoff, the coordinator must build a quorum that is bigger than the simple majority used in Classic Paxos. This article presents the theory, implementation, and a comprehensive performance evaluation of the Fast Paxos algorithm. The theory is described in an easier-to-understand way compared with the original article by Lamport. In particular, an easy-to-implement value selection rule for the coordinator is derived. In the implementation of Fast Paxos for state-machine replication, a number of additional mechanisms are developed to cope with practical scenarios. Furthermore, the experiments reveal that Fast Paxos is most appropriate for use in a single-client configuration. The presence of two or more concurrent clients even in a local area network would incur frequent collisions, which would reduce the system throughput and increase the mean response time as experienced by clients. Due to frequent collisions, Fast Paxos actually performs worse than Classic Paxos in the presence of moderate to large number of concurrent clients.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Water‐Soluble Carboxylated Polyfluorene and Its Fluorescence Quenching by Cationic Quenchers and Proteins (2008)

Abstract We have developed a new intermediate monomer, 2,7‐[bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolan‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐bis(3‐( tert ‐butyl propanoate))]fluorene, that allows the easy synthesis of water‐soluble carboxylated polyfluorenes. As an example, poly[9,9′‐bis(3′′‐propanoate)fluoren‐2,7‐yl] sodium salt was synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction, and the properties of the polymer were studied in aqueous solutions of different pH. Fluorescence quenching of the polymer by different cationic quenchers (MV 2+ , MV 4+ , and NO 2 MV 2+ ; MV=methyl viologen) was studied, and the quenching constants were found to be dependent on the charge and electron affinity of the quencher molecule and the pH of the medium. The largest quenching constant was observed to be 1.39×10 8 M −1 for NO 2 MV 2+ at pH 7. The change in polymer fluorescence upon interaction with different proteins was also studied. Strong fluorescence quenching of the polymer was observed in the presence of cytochrome c, whereas weak quenching was observed in the presence of myoglobin and bovine serum albumin. Lysozyme quenched the polymer emission at low protein concentrations, and the quenching became saturated at high protein concentrations. Under similar experimental conditions, the polymer showed improved quenching efficiencies toward cationic quenchers and a more selective response to proteins relative to other carboxylated conjugated polymers.
Electrodeposition of Rhenium-Cobalt and Rhenium-Iron Alloys (1952)

Electrodeposition of rhenium‐cobalt and rhenium‐iron alloys from an aqueous ammoniacal citrate solution is described. The effects of bath composition, pH, temperature, and current density on cathode current efficiency and composition of the alloy deposit were studied. A rhenium‐cobalt solution, containing , , 66 g/l of citric acid, and to pH 7, when electrolyzed at 5 amp/dm2 and 70°C gave a cathode deposit containing 75 per cent rhenium with a current efficiency of about 85 per cent. A rhenium‐iron solution, containing , , 66 g/l of citric acid, and to pH 7, when electrolyzed at the same conditions gave a cathode deposit containing 85 per cent rhenium with a current efficiency of 65 per cent.
A hypertabular visualizer of query results (2002)

A visual database front-end for handling query result presentation and exploration is presented. The system is based on a formal interaction structure called a hypertable, and can be seamlessly integrated with any visual semantic query language adopting a data model that supports the notion of relationship cardinality. We aim at overcoming two kinds of problems in the interaction with tabular displays: (1) application-independent problems, pertaining to the mapping from logical tables to graphical windows, and (2) application-dependent problems, related to the content of tables as query results, such as repetitions of values and contiguity of unrelated data. The first kind of problem is addressed by the interaction structure, while the latter is faced by the navigation paradigm designed for the analysis of the query results.
Identification of Functional Regions in the Yeast Transcriptional Activator ADR1 (1988)

The transcriptional activator ADR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a postulated DNA-binding protein that controls the expression of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2). Carboxy-terminal deletions of the ADR1 protein (1,323 amino acids in length) were used to localize its functional regions. The transcriptional activation region was localized to the N-terminal 220 amino acids of ADR1 containing two DNA-binding zinc finger motifs. In addition to the N terminus, a large part of the ADR1 sequence was shown to be essential for complete activation of ADH2. Deletion of the putative phosphorylation region, defined by ADR1c mutations that overcome glucose repression, did not render ADH2 expression insensitive to glucose repression. Instead, this region (amino acids 220 through 253) was found to be required by ADR1 to bypass glucose repression. These results suggest that ADR1c mutations enhance ADR1 function, rather than block an interaction of the putative phosphorylation region with a repressor molecule. Furthermore, the protein kinase CCR1 was shown to affect ADH2 expression when the putative phosphorylation region was removed, indicating that CCR1 does not act solely through this region. A functional ADR1 gene was also found to be necessary for growth on glycerol-containing medium. The N-terminal 506 amino acids of ADR1 were required for this newly identified function, indicating that ADH2 activation and glycerol growth are controlled by separate regions of ADR1.
Towards a Typology of Values: Application of the Facet Theory to the Study of French Jews (2005)

Facet Theory is used to develop a typology of values based on an
empirical study of values among French Jews. Each of the analytic tools
used revealed a unique facet of the data, which together gave a rich picture
of both the study population and the concept of values. SSA revealed
a polar structure of six categories of values arranged around a central value.
Two axes are identified, one political, one social. POSAC identified four
basic profile types of French Jews which are then re-introduced into the
SSA map. The resulting typology may be verified among other populations.
A UHF-TV klystron using multistage depressed collector technology (1986)

A program to incorporate depressed collector technology into UHF-TV klystrons was initiated in June 1984. Support for this program was provided by a cooperative group including NASA, National Association of Broadcasters, Public Broadcasting System, transmitter manufacturers and Varian. The objective of the program was to develop a klystron with enhanced efficiency so that in TV service, power consumption would be reduced one half. This paper describes the program accomplishments. A design was achieved using computer aided design technology. Also developed were carbon-coating techniques to minimize the adverse effects of secondary electrons. An experimental 60 kW klystron incorporating the design was constructed. Test data will be presented demonstrating the performance achieved.
Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Multistage Carcinogenesis of Cervical Cancer (2013)

This short review outlines our understanding of cervical cancer precursors, concentrating on the central etiologic role of persistent human papillomavirus infection. The stages of cervical carcinogenesis are better understood than for most other major cancers, providing a successful cancer etiology and prevention model.
Compact triple-band slotted monopole antenna with asymmetrical CPW grounds (2006)

By embedding slots into a rectangular patch a triple-band slotted monopole antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with two asymmetrical ground planes can be obtained. The designed antenna, which, including the ground plane, is only 9×20 mm2, can excite resonant modes at 2.43, 5.23 and 7.14 GHz bands with measured impedance bandwidths of 14.4, 8.2 and 16.7%, and average antenna gains of ≥2.4, 4.7 and 6.7 dBi, respectively. The antenna is very compact and suitable for 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN operations.
Income, Work and Freedom (2004)

The ability of public policies to secure the economic and social rights recognized in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is proposed as a trumping supplement to the utility-maximization criterion of neo-classical welfare economics. Two progressive proposals for ending poverty and promoting personal development and freedom are then compared using this assessment criterion. The first proposal is that society guarantee everyone an unconditional basic income (BI) without imposing work requirements in exchange for the guarantee. The second proposal is that society use direct job creation to provide employment assurance (EA) for anyone who is unable to find decent work in the economy’s regular labor market. The cost of equally expansive versions of the two strategies is compared along with their ability to achieve other policy goals. It is argued that a BI guarantee would be far more expensive than the EA strategy as a means of securing the right to income recognized in the Universal Declaration, that a BI guarantee would not provide an adequate substitute for securing the right to work, and that most of the other benefits a BI guarantee would produce could be better achieved at less cost by using the EA strategy supplemented by conventional income transfer programs. Based on this analysis it is argued that efforts to promote the BI idea as a solution to the problems of unemployment and poverty in market societies should be rejected. On the other hand, less expensive versions of the BI idea could make a valuable contribution to the design of income transfer measures as long as they were not treated as a substitute for policies designed to secure the right to work and income support recognized in the Universal Declaration.
Amino-acids and peptides. Part XXV. The mechanism of the base-catalysed racemisation of the p-nitrophenyl esters of acylpeptides (1967)

The p-nitrophenyl esters of benzoyl- and benzyloxycarbonyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanine are racemised by triethylamine in dichloromethane much more rapidly than are the analogous esters of benzyloxycarbonyl- and phthaloyl-L-phenylalanine. It is shown that the acyldipeptide esters react reversibly with triethylamine to give the corresponding oxazolone, the equilibrium being greatly in favour of the ester. The racemisation of benzoylglycyl-L-phenylalanine p-nitrophenyl ester by triethylamine is suppressed by the addition of a large excess of the oxazolone derived from benzyloxycarbonylglycylphenylalanine, which, it is suggested, reacts immediately with the p-nitrophenoxide anion and so prevents the back-reaction by which racemic ester is formed. This experiment distinguishes clearly between the “direct exchange” mechanism of racemisation and that through the oxazolone, and it is concluded that such racemisation proceeds through the intermediate formation, racemisation, and coupling of the corresponding oxazolone. Evidence is also given that the conversion of benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-L-phenylalanine into its p-nitrophenyl ester by means of diphenyl-keten is accompanied by racemisation.
A non-fouling optical interface for environmental measurements (1998)

Transparent windows used to perform optical measurements in `difficult' samples such as natural waters in the environment and sewage streams in treatment plant inevitably become coated with chemically and/or biologically deposited films. These usually dominate the instrument's performance and reliability. We describe here a windowless measurement configuration, which avoids this fouling by supporting the water sample from below on an air bubble. By controlling the air pressure in the bubble with a fast pressure-modulator and feedback controller, the air-water meniscus' curvature is stabilized, and serves as a reliable optical interface to the liquid medium. Round menisci up to 8 mm in diameter have been stably controlled, with electronically regulated curvature. By periodically purging the bubble with air, long-term measurements of scattering and long-path absorption are possible, substantially free from fouling problems.
Radical-mediated modification of polyolefins: investigation of the synthesis of graft copolymers (2008)

A range of strategies exist for the production of polyolefin block copolymers with welldefined morphologies for the compatibilization of immiscible blends; however, high sensitivity to impurities and use of expensive transition-metal catalysts limit their economic viability.An alternative method is the solvent-free coupling of dislike polymers using peroxides and multifunctional coagents.This technique, however, does not distinguish between a blend of gelled homopolymers and the intended copolymer.The use of a solution-based approach, like the one described in this report, for the radical-mediated coupling of polyolefins with dislike polymers allows for the full characterization of the copolymer without the formation of gel.