gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Projected state and regional resource requirements for agriculture in the United States in 1980 (1969)

This study projects resource requirements for United States agriculture under alternative farm programs and various levels of export demand in 1980. Cropland, man-hours of labor, and capital required to produce each level of output are projected for a farm economy ranging from a free market with no controls on crop production to strict controls on all major crops through acreage quotas. Resource requirements are estimated by first allocating crop production among the various regions o f the United States in a manner to minimize total costs of producing and transporting grain and oilseed crops to the final point of consumption. After acreages of each crop are established for each farm program and export level, man-hours of labor are estimated for crop and livestock production. Capital requirements also are partly based on the location of crop production, but other variables are also included in the estimating equations.
Simplification of proton NMR spectra by selective excitation of experimental subspectra (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimplification of proton NMR spectra by selective excitation of experimental subspectraDonald G. Davis and Ad BaxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 24, 7197–7198Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00310a085https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00310a085research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations170LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of the Self-Assembling of <i>n</i>-Octylphosphonic Acid Layers on Aluminum Oxide (2008)

The deposition of n-octylphosphonic acid on aluminum oxide was studied. The substrate was pretreated in order to achieve a root-mean-square roughness of <1 nm, a hydroxyl fraction of 30%, and a thickness of approximately 170 nm. It was proven using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) that, rather than a monolayer, an organic multilayer was formed. The growth mechanism was identified as a Stranski-Krastanov one. It was also shown that the use of AFM, probing the surface topography, is essential for a reliable quantification and interpretation of data obtained with XPS.
Water protective effect of barrier creams and moisturizing creams: a new in vivo test method (1996)

Frequent exposure to water is an important risk factor for the development of irritant hand eczema. Evaluation of cream efficacy in protecting against water is difficult. A new non-irritant, non-invasive method is introduced, based on evaluation of colour intensities when an aqueous solution of crystal violet is applied to the skin, after pretreatment with different creams. By skin reflectance measurement, differences in colour intensity were objectified. Measurements of transepidermal water loss were also performed, 2 barrier creams and a moisturizer were tested on the dorsal and volar aspects of the hands. One barrier cream contained silicone, the other solid particles. The moisturizer had a high content of lipid. In one experiment, the immediate effect of the creams in protecting against water was evaluated. In a second experiment, the water resistancy of the creams was tested, using a standardized water immersion procedure (4 x 20 min). The barrier cream with particles gave the best immediate protection (dorsal 76%, volar 69%). The moisturizer was intermediately protective (dorsal 57%, volar 34%), while very little protection was found for the silicone-containing cream (dorsal 16%, volar 10%). The water immersion procedure resulted in only minor changes in protection for each cream. When comparing transepidermal water loss in the treated areas with pretreatment values, a reduction was recorded only for the particle-containing barrier cream. The colour method described may be used as a quick and easy test of the protective effect of creams against water.
Design of a disk-file reference-velocity generator (1985)

The IBM 3370/3375 disk-file access servomechanism uses a nonlinear transconductance function to construct a velocity-reference generator that produces a smooth continuous phase-plane trajectory. Absence of trajectory discontinuities provides the potential for a disk-file access servomechanism to have faster access times and to have less track misregistration upon arrival at the target track center. An integrated circuit implementation of the reference-velocity generator is described, and a solution is provided for the generator's unique loop stability and bandwidth requirements.
A Dataset of 108 Novel Noun-Noun Compound Words with Active and Passive Interpretation (2023)

We created a dataset of 205 English novel noun-noun compounds (NNCs, e.g., "doctor charity") by combining nouns with higher and lower agentivity (i.e., the probability of being an agent in a sentence). We collected active and passive interpretations of NNCs from a group of 58 English native speakers. We then measured interpretation time differences between NNCs with active and passive interpretations (i.e., 108 NNCs), using data obtained from a group of 68 English native speakers. Data were collected online using crowdsourcing platforms (SONA and Prolific). The datasets are available at osf.io/gvc2w/ and can be used to address questions about semantic and syntactic composition.
Longitudinal and Transverse Ultrasonic Waves in a Synthetic Rubber (1952)

Velocity and attenuation of both transverse and longitudinal ultrasonic waves are measured in a buna-N vulcanizate at 2, 5, and 10 megacycles, over a range of temperatures. The method involves use of solid transmission media to conduct pulsed signals into a thin flat specimen. Values of the bulk modulus and of the complex shear modulus are computed from the measurements. It is found that longitudinal-wave losses in this particular synthetic rubber are substantially accounted for by the relaxation phenomena measured in shear, but this conclusion is subject to considerable quantitative uncertainty arising from experimental errors estimated to be as large as 5 percent for longitudinal-wave acoustic data and 10 percent for transverse-wave acoustic data. It is found that below approximately −25°C the shear-modulus loss tangent becomes relatively independent of temperature and frequency in the present range.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Inflorescence Development in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2002)

Variation in inflorescence development patterns is a central factor in the evolutionary ecology of plants. The genetic architectures of 13 traits associated with inflorescence developmental timing, architecture, rosette morphology, and fitness were investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana, a model plant system. There is substantial naturally occurring genetic variation for inflorescence development traits, with broad sense heritabilities computed from 21 Arabidopsis ecotypes ranging from 0.134 to 0.772. Genetic correlations are significant for most (64/78) pairs of traits, suggesting either pleiotropy or tight linkage among loci. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping indicates 47 and 63 QTL for inflorescence developmental traits in Ler x Col and Cvi x Ler recombinant inbred mapping populations, respectively. Several QTL associated with different developmental traits map to the same Arabidopsis chromosomal regions, in agreement with the strong genetic correlations observed. Epistasis among QTL was observed only in the Cvi x Ler population, and only between regions on chromosomes 1 and 5. Examination of the completed Arabidopsis genome sequence in three QTL regions revealed between 375 and 783 genes per region. Previously identified flowering time, inflorescence architecture, floral meristem identity, and hormone signaling genes represent some of the many candidate genes in these regions.
Coupled Torsional and Transverse Vibration of Unbalanced Rotor (1985)

A model of an unbalanced rotor, driven by a torsion-flexible shaft through a constant velocity joint, is used to investigate the combination-resonance effect in coupled torsional-transverse vibration. Analysis of the nonlinear equations of motion by an asymptotic method yields the instability zones of the system. Results are in very good agreement with those obtained by direct numerical solution of the equations of motion.
Refractive Index Measurement and its Applications (2002)

The refractive index of a material is one of the most important optical parameters. In this review article we have discussed different methods and techniques for the measurement of refractive indices of various materials. We have considered the literature of the past two decades from 1980 to 2001 and have shown how the techniques have been developed and improved for the measurement of refractive indices. Some applications of refractive index have also been discussed.
Hardware acceleration for proton beam Monte Carlo simulation (2013)

Radiation therapy is an important part in modern cancer treatment, and proton beam therapy is a rapidly growing part of the radiation therapy market. In order to insure that the treatment is delivered precisely to tumors while sparing adjacent normal tissue, it is important to simulate the beam to predict where the beam energy (dose) will be deposited. The most accurate method for such beam dose prediction is Monte Carlo simulation. But current Monte Carlo tools, while very accurate, are much too slow for practical use since they can take multiple hours of CPU time to predict the dose of a single beam.
The effect of withdrawal of morpholine from the influent and its reinstatement on the performance and microbial ecology of a model activated sludge plant treating a morpholine‐containing influent (1990)

An activated sludge plant was established which was capable of treating an influent containing morpholine. When this compound was deleted from the influent the ability of the activated sludge to degrade morpholine was reduced. This reduction took the form of an increase in the length of the lag period before morpholine degradation was detected in a die‐away test from 0 to ca 1000 h. The decreased ability of the activated sludge to degrade morpholine was accounted for by a decline in the specific population of morpholine‐degrading microbes. In this activated sludge all morpholine degraders were Mycobacterium spp. In the absence of morpholine in the influent most mycobacteria in the activated sludge retained their morpholine‐degrading phenotypes. This is despite the fact that some of these organisms can lose this phenotype when grown under non‐selective conditions. These results are discussed in relation to other work on the degradation of morpholine and to problems in the treatment of xenobiotic compounds in industrial effluents.
Asymmetric Friedel−Crafts Reaction of Indoles with Imines by an Organic Catalyst (2006)

In this communication, we report an asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with imines catalyzed by a bifunctional cinchona alkaloid catalyst. This is the first efficient organocatalytic asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reaction of indoles with imines. This reaction is operationally simple and, unprecedentedly, affords high enantioselectivity for a wide range of indoles and both aryl and alkyl imines. This establishes a direct, convergent, and versatile approach to optically active 3-indolyl methanamines, a structural motif embedded in numerous indole alkaloids and synthetic indole derivatives.
Effects of Soil Temperature on the Thickening Growth and the Quality of Sweetpotatoes during the Latter Part of Their Growth. (2000)

We carried out investigations on the effects of different soil temperatures caused by artificial heating and cooling on the thickening growth and the quality, such as factors that determine the market value as skin color, dry matter percentage, starch and sugar of the tuberous root of sweetpotatoes (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) during the latter period of their growth. The soil temperatures of the heating and the cooling treatments were within the range of 20 and 36°C, and 13 and 31°C, respectively. The leaf and stem weight was the smallest in the cooling treatment. The number of roots increased in each plant when the soil was heated and decreased when cooled. There was an inverse relationship between the average root weight and the number of roots. Dry matter percentage, starch and total sugar contents were the highest in the cooling treatment and the lowest in the heating treatment. The skin color of the root was brilliant red in the cooling treatment, but almost white in the heating treatment. From these results, we can surmise that starch and total sugar contents increase in the root of sweetpotatoes cultivated in cooler soil temperature, with a vivid red skin color.
Growth performance, intestinal microbial populations, and serum cholesterol of broilers fed diets containing Lactobacillus cultures (1998)

A study was conducted to determine the effects of adherent Lactobacillus culture on growth performance, intestinal microbial population, and serum cholesterol level of broilers. Four dietary treatments, consisting of the basal diet (control), basal diet + 0.05, 0.10, or 0.15% Lactobacillus culture (LC), were fed to 2,000 Arbor Acres broiler chicks from 1 to 42 d of age (DOA). The chicks were randomly assigned to 40 cages (50 chicks per cage, 10 cages per diet). The experimental period was 42 d. Body weights and feed to gain ratio were measured at 21 and 42 DOA. The intestinal microbial populations and serum cholesterol levels were determined at 10, 20, 30, and 40 DOA. The results showed that body weights and feed to gain ratios were improved significantly (P < 0.05) when compared to control broilers for broilers fed diets containing 0.05 or 0.10% LC, but not 0.15% LC, at 21 and 42 DOA. Coliform counts in the cecum of birds receiving 0.05% LC at 10, 20, and 30 DOA, and 0.10% at 10 and 20 DOA were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those of the control birds. The total aerobes, total anaerobes, lactobacilli, and streptococci in the small intestines and ceca of the control birds were not significantly different from those of the treated groups. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in broilers fed the three diets containing LC at 30 DOA, and in the birds fed 0.05 or 0.10% LC at 20 DOA.
The Telstar Satellite System (1963)

This paper describes the Telstar system and discusses the over-all system design. System considerations, the orbit selection and frequency allocation considerations are covered. A general description of the Telstar satellite and Andover, Maine, ground station provides background for companion articles in this series. Finally, the transmission performance is given with some discussion of system parameters.
Payment Applications Make E-Commerce Mobile (2010)

Because vendors see a profitable opportunity in applications that let users pay for goods and services via mobile devices, they are releasing easier-to-use mobile-payment applications.
An Investigation into the Properties of Knitted Fabrics made from Viscose Microfibers (2009)

The purpose of this study is to compare the properties of the knitted fabrics made out of micro denier( 1 denier) viscose yarns and to investigate the physical, mechanical, comfort properties of such fabrics to explore the use of microfibers to achieve enhanced levels of comfort for apparel use. 
Viscose microdenier fibers and normal-denier fibers were procured from Grasim Industries, India. Ring yarns were spun according to specifications given below and single jerseys knitted fabrics of identical parameters were produced from normal and microdenier fibers.
Microfiber fabrics show excellent drapeability. The moisture transmission properties like wicking and water absorbency show better results than viscose normal denier fabrics and other synthetic microfibers. The microfiber knitted fabric is dimensionally more stable when compared to that of normal denier knitted fabric because of less loop shape deformation and characterized by better stitch density and tightness factor.
A method for the determination of small concentrations of so<sub>3</sub> in the presence of larger concentrations of so<sub>2</sub> (1948)

Abstract The sources of errors likely to arise in the estimation of minute quantities of SO 3 in gases containing much larger quantities of SO 2 are discussed with particular reference to boiler flue gases. A laboratory method is described whereby these difficulties in estimation may be eliminated, as demonstrated by the results obtained on a synthetic gas mixture of known SO 2 and SO 3 content.
XVII. <i>On the effects of magnetism upon the dimensions of iron and steel bars</i> (1847)

(1847). XVII. On the effects of magnetism upon the dimensions of iron and steel bars. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 30, No. 199, pp. 76-87.
A Sensitive Method for the Measurement of Glycosylated Plasma Proteins Using Affinity Chromatography (1984)

We describe a simple, sensitive affinity technique for the routine measurement of glycosylated plasma proteins in clinical laboratories. The commercially available phenylboronic acid gel used for the chromatography has recently been marketed as a kit for this purpose (Glycogel Test Kit, Pierce Chemical Co). The manufacturers of this kit recommend loading 200 microliters neat plasma to each 1 ml gel column. This high loading is to enable the direct measurement of protein in the bound and unbound fractions at 280 nm. This loading is consistent with 10-15 mg protein being added per ml gel. Our results show that protein levels greater than 2 mg per ml gel overload the column. Therefore we used a modification of the more sensitive Bradford procedure to measure protein. The method discriminates between normals (6.29 +/- 1.87%) and diabetic patients (12.62 +/- 3.36%) and has good precision (CV 4-6%). The results obtained correlate with the colorimetric method using thiobarbituric acid (r = 0.70) and with glycosylated haemoglobin (r = 0.82).
Competition among cooperators: Altruism and reciprocity (2002)

Levine argues that neither self-interest nor altruism explains experimental results in bargaining and public goods games. Subjects' preferences appear also to be sensitive to their opponents' perceived altruism. Sethi and Somanathan provide a general account of reciprocal preferences that survive under evolutionary pressure. Although a wide variety of reciprocal strategies pass this evolutionary test, Sethi and Somanthan conjecture that fewer are likely to survive when reciprocal strategies compete with each other. This paper develops evolutionary agent-based models to test their conjecture in cases where reciprocal preferences can differ in a variety of games. We confirm that reciprocity is necessary but not sufficient for optimal cooperation. We explore the theme of competition among reciprocal cooperators and display three interesting emergent organizations: racing to the "moral high ground," unstable cycles of preference change, and, when we implement reciprocal mechanisms, hierarchies resulting from exploiting fellow cooperators. If reciprocity is a basic mechanism facilitating cooperation, we can expect interaction that evolves around it to be complex, non-optimal, and resistant to change.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of the Cancellous Bone of the Mandibular Condyle (2003)

The mechanical properties of cancellous bone depend on the bone structure. The present study examined the extent to which the apparent stiffness of the cancellous bone of the human mandibular condyle can be predicted from its structure. Two models were compared. The first, a structure model, used structural parameters such as bone volume fraction and anisotropy to estimate the apparent stiffness. The second was a finite element model (FEM) of the cancellous bone. The bone structure was characterized by micro-computed tomography. The calculated stiffnesses of 24 bone samples were compared with measured stiffnesses. Both models could predict 89% of the variation in the measured stiffnesses. From the stiffness approximated by FEM in combination with the measured stiffness, the stiffness of the bone tissue was estimated to be 11.1 +/- 3.2 GPa. It was concluded that both models could predict the stiffness of cancellous bone with adequate accuracy.
The Effect of Chemical Sulfide Oxidation on the Oxygenic Activity of an Alkaliphilic Microalgae Consortium Deployed for Biogas Upgrading (2020)

The oxygenic photosynthetic activity (OPA) of an alkaliphilic microalgae consortium was evaluated at different concentrations of dissolved sulfide under room temperature and well-defined conditions of irradiance and pH in a tubular closed photobioreactor. The kinetic assays showed that it was optimal at a sulfide concentration of 3.2 mg/L under an external photosynthetically active radiation of 50 and 120 μE/m2 s together with a pH of 8.5 and 9.2. In contrast, the oxygenic photosynthetic activity was insignificant at 15 μE/m2 s with a pH of 7.3, both in the absence and presence of sulfide. Consecutive pulse additions of dissolved sulfide evidenced that the accumulation rate of dissolved oxygen was decreased by the spontaneous chemical oxidation of sulfide with dissolved oxygen in alkaline culture media, mainly at high sulfide levels. At 3.2 mg/L of sulfide, the oxygenic photosynthetic activity was improved by around 60% compared to the treatment without sulfide at external irradiances of 120 μE/m2 s, 30 °C, and pH of 8.5 and 9.2. Additionally, an even higher OPA enhancement (around 85%) was observed in the same previous conditions but using 16 mg/L of sulfide. Thiosulfate was the major end-product of sulfide by oxic chemical reaction, both in biotic and abiotic assays with yields of 0.80 and 0.68, respectively.