gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying fiber optical methods for toxicological testing in vitro (1999)

The new medical developments, e.g. immune therapy, patient oriented chemotherapy or even gene therapy, create a questionable doubt to the further requirement of animal test. Instead the call for humanitarian reproductive in vitro models becomes increasingly louder. Pharmaceutical usage of in vitro has a long proven history. In cancer research and therapy, the effect of chemostatica in vitro in the so-called oncobiogram is being tested; but the assays do not always correlate with in vivo-like drug resistance and sensitivity. We developed a drug test system in vitro, feasible for therapeutic drug monitoring by the combination of tissue cultivation in hollow fiber bioreactors and fiber optic sensors for monitoring the pharmaceutical effect. Using two fiber optic sensors - an optical oxygen sensor and a metabolism detecting Laserfluoroscope, we were able to successfully monitor the biological status of tissue culture and the drug or toxic effects of in vitro pharmaceutical testing. Furthermore, we developed and patented a system for monitoring the effect of minor toxic compounds which can induce Sick Building Syndrome.
Model-based fault diagnosis for discrete-time nonlinear systems with use of recalculation of observable dynamics (2002)

A new approach for fault detection and isolation in discrete time nonlinear systems is presented. The diagnostic approach proposed has the following peculiarities stipulated by using recalculation of observable signals of the dynamic system (DS): a) the problem of system parameter estimation is replaced by a set of local problems of unit parameter estimation; b) the whole diagnostic problem for DS is composed of a finite set of simple "basic" subprocedures, and the complexity of the diagnostic problem for any DS from the class of interest depends only on the number and sequence of such subprocedures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Overview of Electrically Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in the Mammalian Cochlea (2006)

Alternating currents injected into the cochlea are able to evoke outer hair cell-mediated basilar membrane motion, thus give rise to production of otoacoustic emissions. This electrically evoked otoacoustic emission(EEOAE) provides a useful tool for the research of out hair cell electromotility in vivo. This article reviews the research work on EEOAEs in mammals. Features of the EEOAEs and theories of their generation are introduced. Methods of EEOAE measurement are also described.
Report of the 1971 JASON Laser Summer Study. Volume II. Supporting Appendices A-M, (1971)

The volume contains a summary of the current state of the art in laser devices and associated technology, plus discussions of the current and potential uses of lasers in the following areas: medicine and biological research, communications, holography and information processing, chemical processing, atmospheric monitoring and air pollution detection, geophysics, industry, basic research in the physical sciences, and ignition of controlled thermonuclear reactions. The current status of laser safety standards and laws is also discussed. These articles provide the background for the conclusions and recommendations given in Volume I. (Author)
Structure changes in model membranes monitored by variable period x-ray standing waves: effect of Langmuir-Blodgett film thickness on thermal behavior (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure changes in model membranes monitored by variable period x-ray standing waves: effect of Langmuir-Blodgett film thickness on thermal behaviorJin Wang, Martin Caffrey, Michael J. Bedzyk, and Thomas L. PennerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 42, 10957–10968Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100093a044https://doi.org/10.1021/j100093a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Optimization of power deposition in rf-excited CO 2 lasers by adding gas additives to the laser gas mixtures (1997)

The properties of the laser active medium were investigated using a drift chamber, and the effect of gas additives on the laser power is evaluated. The transport coefficient drift velocity is measured in carbon-dioxide-laser gas mixtures. The dependence of the drift velocity on the applied electric field is very similar for the different gas compositions in the positive column of the discharge, and a semi-empirical formula is given. The influence of gas additives is investigated (1) a selective energy reduction due to elastic impacts with Ar, (2) striking voltage reduction by adding C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>10</SUB> to the laser gas.
Polycythemia Impairs Vasodilator Response to Acetylcholine in Patients with Chronic Hypoxemic Lung Disease (1998)

To investigate whether polycythemia associated with chronic hypoxemic lung disease (CHLD) increases vascular resistance by altering endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO), we examined the responses to acetylcholine (ACh) infusions (5, 10, and 15 mg/min) on hemodynamics and gas exchange in 21 patients with CHLD of varying severity. Patients were classified into two groups based on whether their hemoglobin (Hb) level was less or greater than 15.5 g/dl. In the normocythemic patients (Hb = 13.6 +/- 0.3 g/100 ml, n = 10), ACh decreased pulmonary artery pressure (Ppa) from 30 +/- 2 mm Hg 26 +/- 2 mm Hg (p < 0.01); pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), from 5.1 +/- 0.4 U/m2 to 3.4 +/- 0.3 U/m2 (p < 0.001); systemic arterial pressure (Psa), from 111 +/- 4 mm Hg to 108 +/- 4 mm Hg (p < 0.05); and systemic vascular resistance (SVR), from 27 +/- 2 U/m2 to 22 +/- 2 U/m2 (p < 0.01); and also increased the cardiac index (CI), from 3.8 +/- 0.2 to 4.7 +/- 0.3 L/min/m2 (p < 0.001). PaO2 fell from 59 +/- 3 mm Hg to 48 +/- 3 mm Hg (p < 0.001) whereas venous admixture (Qs/Qt) rose from 32 +/- 4% to 44 +/- 4% (p < 0.01). In contrast, in patients with polycythemia (17.7 +/- 0.5 g/100 ml, n = 11) ACh failed to produce any changes in PaO2 (49 +/- 2 mm Hg versus 51 +/- 2 mm Hg, p = NS), Ppa (34 +/- 1 mm Hg versus 33 +/- 1 mm Hg, p = NS), PVR (6.7 +/- 0.9 U/m2 versus 6.9 +/- 0.8 U/m2, p = NS) or Psa, but slightly increased the CI, from 3.6 +/- 0.3 L/min/m2 to 3.9 +/- 0.3 L/min/m2 (p < 0.01), and Qs/Qt, from 40 +/- 4% to 45 +/- 3% (p < 0.05). In the 21 patients, negative correlations with Hb concentrations were found for ACh-induced changes in PVR (r = -0.57, p < 0.01), Ppa (r = -0.46, p < 0.01), CI (r = -0.5, p < 0.05), PaO2 (r = -0.79, p < 0.01), and Qs/Qt (r = -0.79, p < 0.01). In the six polycythemic patients who received isovolemic hemodilution, with a decrease in Hb concentration from 18.6 +/- 0.9 g/dl to 15.3 +/- 0.3 g/dl as a result, infusion of ACh, which was without effect before hemodilution, caused decreases in Ppa from 28 +/- 1 mm Hg to 23 +/- 1 mm Hg (p < 0.05) and in PVR from 5.7 +/- 0.8 U/m2 to 3.6 +/- 0.5 U/m2 (p < 0.02), as well as an increase in CI from 3.4 +/- 0.4 L/min/ m2 to 4.1 +/- 0.4 L/min/m2 (p < 0.05). In contrast to ACh, inhaled NO (40 ppm) induced pulmonary vasodilation in both the normocythemic and polycythemic groups. Our results show that high hematocrit (Hct) levels inhibit endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to ACh in patients with CHLD, possibly through inactivation of endothelial-derived NO by Hb.
Coupled loops at 20 GHz for stacked planar circuits (2007)

Differential planar coupled loops are examined as a method of integrating silicon electronics with passive elements on low-loss microwave laminates. Two test structures are examined which abut planar loops on a CMOS chip to similarly sized loops on a low-loss microwave laminate. The insertion loss of a pair of the 1000×1000 µm loops was measured to be approximately 3 dB at 20 GHz, and the loss between the 700×300 µm loops was measured to be approximately 6 dB at 20 GHz.
Tuned Graft Copolymers as Controlled Coatings for DNA Microarrays (2005)

DNA microarrays have become a powerful tool for expression profiling and other genomics applications. A critical factor for their sensitivity is the interfacial coating between the chip substrate and the bound DNA. Such a coating has to embrace the divergent requirements of tightly binding the capture probe DNA during the spotting process and of minimizing the nonspecific binding of target DNA during the hybridization assay. To fulfill these conditions, most coatings require a passivation step. Here we demonstrate how the chain density of a graft copolymer with a polycationic backbone, poly(l-lysine)-graft-poly(ethylene glycol), can be tuned such that the binding capacity during capture probe deposition is maximized while the nonspecific binding during hybridization assays is kept to a minimum, thus alleviating the requirement for a separate passivation procedure. Evidence for the superior performance of such coatings in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and spot quality is presented using an evanescent field-based fluorescent sensing technique (the ZeptoREADER). The surface architecture is further characterized using optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Finally, in a model assay, we demonstrate that expression changes can be detected from 1 microg of total mRNA sample material with a limit of detectable differential expression of +/-1.5.
Advances and New Research in the Treatment of Kidney Cancer (2012)

CancerNetwork speaks with Dr. Michael Atkins, who has extensive clinical experience in kidney cancer and development of various new treatments and is presenting this weekend during the renal cancer translational science session at the American Society of Clinical Oncology 2012 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium.
Assessment of a Corner Plasma Actuator for Flow Control Using Periodic Jets (2011)

Plasma actuators show promise for use in pulsing je t application due to their lack of moving parts and resonance frequencies. In this stu dy we assess a corner plasma actuator for its capability to produce a pulsing jet at 200 Hz. We measured the plasma actuator performance using particle image velocimetry in a quiescent chamber. We drove the actuator with a 20kVpp, 5000Hz, sinusoidal carrier wave signal, and modulated it with square wave and sinusoidal wave forms to provide the pulsing jet. For the square wave modulation we used duty cycles of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The modulation was initially done at 200 Hz but we addition test down to 80 Hz. Additionally, assessed the impact of PIV seeding with olive oil on the actuator performance using glass and metal Pitot probes. We found that the seeding has minimal effect on the fl ow. We also found that increasing the duty cycle increase the mean velocity produced by the pl asma actuator but decreases magnitude of the jet pulses. Decreasing the duty cycle too m uch can also decrease the pulse magnitude..
ANION EXCHANGE STUDIES. XVI. ADSORPTION FROM LITHIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS<sup>1,2</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTANION EXCHANGE STUDIES. XVI. ADSORPTION FROM LITHIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTIONS1,2Kurt A. Kraus, Frederick Nelson, Francis B. Clough, and Richard C. CarlstonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 5, 1391Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1955https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01610a103Request reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (160 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Fluoranthenes. (1987)

Abstract 1‐Lithiopyrene (Ib), prepared from the bromide (Ia), is coupled with cyclohexene oxide (II) to give the alcohol (III), which is oxidized to form the ketone (IV).
Hochuekkito, a Kampo (Traditional Japanese Herbal) Medicine, Enhances Mucosal IgA Antibody Response in Mice Immunized with Antigen‐Entrapped Biodegradable Microparticles (2007)

The effect of oral administration of Hochuekkito (HET; Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi-Tang in Chinese), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, on mucosal IgA immune response was investigated. To induce the antigen-specific antibodies in mucosal site, ovalbumin (OVA)-entrapped biodegradable microparticles (OVA-microparticles) were used as an antigen. Mice were orally immunized with OVA-microparticles for 3 successive days with intragastric gavage. From 7 days after the onset of immunization, the mice were boosted twice a week with the same antigen for 2 weeks. HET or water alone was orally administered to the mice via the intragastric route from 7 days before to 27 days after the onset of immunization. Although no significant change in total secretory IgA antibody level was observed in intestinal and nasal washes, OVA-specific IgA titers in intestinal washes were significantly enhanced by oral administration of HET. When lymphocytes from spleen, peripheral blood and Payer's patches were investigated for cytokines production, it was found that the IFN-γ secretion from the lymphocytes was increased by the administration of HET. Microarray analysis of Peyer's patch cells revealed enhanced expression of L-selectin gene. The increase of L-selectin positive cells in B lymphocytes fraction was observed in Peyer's patch cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells by flow cytometry. These results suggest that the enhanced IFN-γ secretion and increased population of L-selectin positive B lymphocytes by orally administered HET may partly contribute to enhancement of IgA immune response against intestinal antigens, and orally administered HET may strengthen defensive systems against various pathogens and food antigens in intestine.
Football Pools—A Game for Mathematicians (1995)

have some nice, relevant properties. At the same time another group of people combinatorialists are busy trying to produce many different types of arrays of numbers with special features. We have the feeling that the two groups are not well acquwainted with each other's work, although recently some mathematical journals have published papers reporting results obtained by the playing community, and we hope that this paper will contribute to increasing the mathematicians' interest in these problems. The problems are natural and mathematically easy to formulate, but are highly nontrivial and can be attacked using powerful combinatorial machinery.
Functional Gene Analysis of Freshwater Iron-Rich Flocs at Circumneutral pH and Isolation of a Stalk-Forming Microaerophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacterium (2013)

ABSTRACT Iron-rich flocs often occur where anoxic water containing ferrous iron encounters oxygenated environments. Culture-independent molecular analyses have revealed the presence of 16S rRNA gene sequences related to diverse bacteria, including autotrophic iron oxidizers and methanotrophs in iron-rich flocs; however, the metabolic functions of the microbial communities remain poorly characterized, particularly regarding carbon cycling. In the present study, we cultivated iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and performed clone library analyses of functional genes related to carbon fixation and methane oxidization ( cbbM and pmoA , respectively), in addition to bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes, in freshwater iron-rich flocs at groundwater discharge points. The analyses of 16S rRNA, cbbM , and pmoA genes strongly suggested the coexistence of autotrophic iron oxidizers and methanotrophs in the flocs. Furthermore, a novel stalk-forming microaerophilic FeOB, strain OYT1, was isolated and characterized phylogenetically and physiologically. The 16S rRNA and cbbM gene sequences of OYT1 are related to those of other microaerophilic FeOB in the family Gallionellaceae , of the Betaproteobacteria , isolated from freshwater environments at circumneutral pH. The physiological characteristics of OYT1 will help elucidate the ecophysiology of microaerophilic FeOB. Overall, this study demonstrates functional roles of microorganisms in iron flocs, suggesting several possible linkages between Fe and C cycling.
Reconstructing optical parameters from double-integrating-sphere measurements using a genetic algorithm (2013)

For the reconstruction of physiological changes in specific tissue layers detected by optical techniques, the exact knowledge of the optical parameters <i>μ<sub>a</sub></i>, <i>μ<sub>s</sub></i> and <i>g</i> of different tissue types is of paramount importance. One approach to accurately determine these parameters for biological tissue or phantom material is to use a double-integrating-sphere measurement system. It offers a flexible way to measure various kinds of tissues, liquids and artificial phantom materials. Accurate measurements can be achieved by technical adjustments and calibration of the spheres using commercially available reflection and transmission standards. The determination For the reconstruction of physiological changes in specific tissue layers detected by optical techniques, the exact knowledge of the optical parameters <i>μ<sub>a</sub></i>, <i>μ<sub>s</sub></i> and <i>g</i> of different tissue types is of paramount importance. One approach to accurately determine these parameters for biological tissue or phantom material is to use a double-integrating-sphere measurement system. It offers a flexible way to measure various kinds of tissues, liquids and artificial phantom materials. Accurate measurements can be achieved by technical adjustments and calibration of the spheres using commercially available reflection and transmission standards. The determination of the optical parameters of a material is based on two separate steps. Firstly, the reflectance <i>ρ<sub>s</sub></i>, the total transmittance <i>T<sub>s</sub><sup>T</sup></i> and the unscattered transmittance <i>T<sub>s</sub><sup>C</sup></i> of the sample <i>s</i> are measured with the double-integrating-sphere setup. Secondly, the optical parameters <i>μ<sub>a</sub></i>, <i>μ<sub>s</sub></i> and <i>g</i> are reconstructed with an inverse search algorithm combined with an appropriate solver for the forward problem (calculating <i>ρ<sub>s</sub></i>, <i>T<sub>s</sub><sup>T</sup></i> and <i>T<sub>s</sub><sup>C</sup></i> from <i>μ<sub>a</sub></i>, <i>μ<sub>s</sub></i> and <i>g</i>) has to be applied. In this study a Genetic Algorithm is applied as search heuristic, since it offers the most flexible and general approach without requiring any foreknowledge of the fitness-landscape. Given the challenging preparation of real tissue samples it comes as no surprise that these are subject to various uncertainties. In order to perform a robust parameter reconstruction samples of different thickness are used. This adds a further, strong restriction to the potential results from the heuristic reconstruction algorithm.
Cyclopentadienone Cyclopentadienediyl Diselenoketals (1998)

Reaction of di-tert-butylcyclopentadiene with excess potassium tert-butoxide in the presence of elemental selenium leads to cyclopentadienes bridged by two or three selenium atoms through one or two diselenoketal functionalities. 2,5,4′,6′-Tetra-tert-butyl-5′H-spirocyclopentane-1,2′-cyclopenta[b][1,3]diselena-2,4-diene (1) and 1,3,5,7-tetra-tert-butyl-3a,7a-dihydro-3a,7a-epi-selenodicyclopenta[b,e][1,4]diselenine (2) have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
SPLASH: structural pattern localization analysis by sequential histograms (2000)

acal@us.ibm.com, Splash main page http://www.research.ibm.com/splash
Evaluating the Noise in Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential Measurements in Cochlear Implants (2012)

Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) are widely used to study the excitability of the auditory nerve and stimulation properties in cochlear implant (CI) users. However, ECAP detection can be difficult and very subjective at near-threshold stimulation levels or in spread of excitation measurements. In this study, we evaluated the statistical properties of the background noise (BN) and the postaverage residual noise (RN) in ECAP measurements in order to determine an objective detection criterion. For the estimation of the BN and the RN, a method currently used in auditory brainstem response measurements was applied. The potential benefit of using weighted (Bayesian) averages was also examined. All estimations were performed with a set of approximately 360 ECAP measurements recorded from five human CI users of the CII or HiRes90K device (advanced bionics). Results demonstrated that the BN was normally distributed and the RN decreased according to the square root of the number of averages. No additional benefit was observed by using weighted averaging. The noise was not significantly different either at different stimulation intensities or across recording electrodes along the cochlea. The analysis of the statistical properties of the noise indicated that a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.7 dB as a detection criterion corresponds to a false positive detection rate of 1% with the used measurement setup.
Bistatic Scattering from Totally Reflecting Flat Plates (1959)

This paper deals with an investigation of the characteristics of the scattering of sound from a flat plate five wavelengths long. The scatter patterns were calculated based on the simplifying assumption of total reflection and experimentally checked by echo ranging in air. Agreement was found to be reasonably good although some interesting deviations in the side lobe structure were observed. Patterns calculated and experimentally obtained include bistatic backscatter patterns as well as the scatter patterns for a given incident wave.