gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthese von <i>rac</i>‐2‐Cyano‐1‐methyl‐3‐[2‐[(4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐4‐benzimidazolyl)thio]äthyl]guanidin; ein konformationell gehindertes Cimetidin‐Analogon (1979)

Synthesis of rac ‐2‐Cyano‐1‐methyl‐3‐[2‐[(4,5,6,7‐tetrahydro‐4‐benzimidazolyl)thio]ethyl]guanidin, a Conformationally Restricted Cimetidine Internationaler Freiname (‘generic name’) für 2‐Cyano‐1‐methyl‐3‐[2‐[(5‐methyl‐imidazol‐4‐yl)‐methylthio]äthyl]guanidin ( 2 ) [1]. Analogue The physiological actions of histamine ( 1 ) are mediated by at least two classes of receptors. A short definition of histamine H 1 ‐ and H 2 ‐receptors is given. Cimetidine ( 2 ) is a known specific H 2 ‐blocking agent. Compound 3 is a cimetidine analogue with a conformationally restricted side chain. The synthesis of 3 as well as some physicochemical and pharmacological data of 3 are described.
The Beckmann Rearrangement in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide. II.<sup>1</sup> Rearrangement by Halogen (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Beckmann Rearrangement in Liquid Sulfur Dioxide. II.1 Rearrangement by HalogenNiichiro Tokura, Ryuzo Asami, and Ritsuro TadaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 12, 3135–3137Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01569a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01569a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic MTF measurement through a least square method (2004)

The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) is a major parameter for high resolution optical remote sensing systems, indicating how spatial frequencies are transmitted and weakened by the imaging global chain. Assessing MTF is thus a very important task during both the in-flight commissioning period and the routine monitoring phases. Classical in flight MTF measurement methods are based upon devoted well known patterns such as knife edge patterns. These techniques induce heavy constraints upon satellite payload programming taking into account nebulosity conditions and pattern ground maintenance. Moreover, for high MTF systems, MTF assessment proves to be difficult because the point spread function has a too reduced extension. Another solution consists in taking two images of the same scene, one in a high resolution mode and the other one in a lower resolution mode. When the resolution ratio is high enough (typically higher then 3), it is possible to simulate the lower resolution image through convolution with a filter and undersampling. The least square method consists in an iterative process, according to which the convolution filter evolves in order to minimize a least square criterion measuring the difference between the simulation and the low resolution image. Once the process has converged, taking the Fourier Transform of the convolution filter gives an estimation of the ratio between low resolution image MTF versus high resolution image MTF. This method may be successfully applied to remote sensing systems such as Quickbird, Ikonos, SPOT5 and future PLEIADES-HR to assess MTF in the multispectral mode. The goal of this paper is to present the MTF assessment method, the way it was validated through simulations and its application within SPOT5 context.
Energy-efficient user association in extremely dense small cell networks (2014)

Dense heterogeneous networks constitute the paradigm for the future networks. In fact, recent studies demonstrate that the data traffic demand increases exponentially and the traditional cellular networks are not able to provide enough capacity. For this reason operators and standardisation bodies are particularly eager to solve the problem, hence there is a lot of ongoing research on this direction. In this paper we focus on extremely dense networks, that could be found, e.g., in crowded public places or in offices. In such deployments, energy consumption must be kept proportional to the traffic dispatched, otherwise operational costs will render them unsustainable from an economic perspective. In this paper, we propose a network model for the estimation of the power consumption of an LTE dense network of small cells, which takes into account the backhaul network. Furthermore, we introduce a new mechanism for the association of the users to base stations, aiming at minimizing the energy consumption of the LTE access network. The achieved trade-off among capacity and power consumption is then evaluated by means of a classical association policy that connects each user to the base station which received signal is the strongest.
Sound intensity in the transducer near field (1991)

On of the principal research domains of Larry Batchelder was transducers. This paper intends to contribute to this memorial session by summarizing the use of intensity technique for the analysis of sound radiation from transducers. Examples of near-field measurements will reveal how intensity technique can identify both the radiation of power and the acoustical coupling between various surface elements.
Synthesis of 3,4-benzo-2-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-1,3-diene (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis of 3,4-benzo-2-thiabicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-1,3-dieneD. C. Neckers and F. L. WagenaarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 19, 3939–3940Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00332a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00332a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The art & science of web design (2001)

The Art & Science of Web Design will help you understand the Web from the inside. It is structured around core Web concepts that often get only a passing mention in books on Web design. This book is not a reference book or a style guide. It is your mentor, whispering in your ear all the answers to those ubiquitous questions, and reminding us that there are now new rules and new ways to break them.
Use of <sup>19</sup>F NMR spectroscopy to probe enzymatic oxidation of fluorine‐tagged sulfides (2002)

Abstract A novel 19 F NMR‐based method for monitoring the enzymatic oxidation of thia fatty acid analogues is presented. Our approach is based on the observation that methyl ω‐monofluorinated 9‐thia‐ and 10‐thiaoctadecanoates and their S ‐oxide and S ‐dioxide derivatives are easily distinguishable via their 1 H‐decoupled 19 F spectra. These long‐range substituent effects were used to probe the regio‐ and chemoselectivity of stearoyl ACP (acyl carrier protein) Δ 9 desaturase‐mediated sulfoxidation. The results clearly demonstrate that mono‐oxygenation of a 10‐thia analogue ACP Δ 9 desaturase was more efficient than that of a 9‐thia substrate. A product previously undetected by TLC was observed for the first time in the product mixture obtained from 18‐fluoro‐9‐thiaoctadecanoyl‐ACP. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA-mediated charge transport for DNA repair (2003)

MutY, like many DNA base excision repair enzymes, contains a [4Fe4S]2+ cluster of undetermined function. Electrochemical studies of MutY bound to a DNA-modified gold electrode demonstrate that the [4Fe4S] cluster of MutY can be accessed in a DNA-mediated redox reaction. Although not detectable without DNA, the redox potential of DNA-bound MutY is approximately 275 mV versus NHE, which is characteristic of HiPiP iron proteins. Binding to DNA is thus associated with a change in [4Fe4S]3+/2+ potential, activating the cluster toward oxidation. Given that DNA charge transport chemistry is exquisitely sensitive to perturbations in base pair structure, such as mismatches, we propose that this redox process of MutY bound to DNA exploits DNA charge transport and provides a DNA signaling mechanism to scan for mismatches and lesions in vivo.
Computer-aided classification of multi-types of dementia via convolutional neural networks (2017)

With millions of people suffering from dementia worldwide, the global prevalence of dementia has a significant impact on the patients' lives, their caregivers' physical and emotional states, and the global economy. Early diagnosis of dementia helps in finding suitable therapies that reduce or even prevent further deterioration of patients' cognitive abilities. In recent years, state-of-the-art literature has proposed various computer-aided diagnosis systems based on 3-dimensional brain imagery analysis to identify early symptoms of dementia. These systems aim to assist radiologists in increasing the accuracy of diagnoses and reducing false positives. However, the early diagnosis of dementia is a challenging task due to the image quality, noise, and human brain irregularities. The state-of-the-art has focused on differentiating multi-stages of Alzheimer's disease, however, the diagnosis of various types of dementia is still a gap. This paper proposes a deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis approach for the early detection of multi-type of dementia. To show the performance of the proposed CAD algorithm, three conventional CAD methods are implemented for comparison. The proposed algorithm yields a 74.93% accuracy in early diagnosis of multi-type of dementia and outperforms the state of the art CAD methods.
Editor's Corner: Some Thoughts on Limits for Prepublication Release of Information (1997)

"Editor's Corner: Some Thoughts on Limits for Prepublication Release of Information" Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 58(2), pp. 117–118
Distributed-Parameter Design of Virtual Source Thermal Processing Methods (1995)

Abstract In thermal manufacturing methods, visualization of the thermally generated distributions of material structure and properties in the products forms the basis for the development of a methodology for off-line design of the process conditions in virtual-source thermal techniques. These are implemented by timesharing a single heat source, scanning the external surface of the processed part to generate a flexible heat input distribution, and thus a specified temperature field yielding the desired thermal quality of the product. A numerical simulation of generic thermal processing is developed, integrating a solid conduction description to a flow model in molten regions. This computational model is validated by a comparative thermal study and is used for the design of the virtual source power and trajectory in rapid prototyping of laminated objects with specified geometric tolerances. Virtual-source processing based on real-time control with infrared thermal feedback is currently simulated for other thermal manufacturing processes.
Surrogate-Model-Based Analysis of Analog Circuits—Part II: Reliability Analysis (2011)

This paper presents a reliability simulation framework based on surrogate modeling. A novel methodology has been developed, which integrates variability analysis with the reliability concepts by employing transistor drain-current surrogate models in terms of crucial process parameters, bias voltages, temperature, and time. Simulation techniques using these models enables exploration of the effects of time-based degradation on analog circuits. The analysis of a differential amplifier at the 65-nm technology node reveals that the dc current is reduced by around 10% in ten years. The tool is used to demonstrate how the biasing structures of analog circuits can be designed to boost aging resilience.
Development of Effervescent Tablets of Alendronate Sodium with Improved Intestinal Permeation (2018)

The aim of the present study is to develop effervescent tablets of alendronate sodium to improve their intestinal permeability to treat osteoporosis. Effervescent tablets of alendronate sodium were developed with different ratios of acid to alkaline components having a pH of about 3 to about 6.5. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The physical mixture blend was evaluated for angle of repose, true density, bulk density, compressibility index. The formulated tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation, hardness, friability, drug content and pH. The in vitro dissolution studies were carried out using the USP Type 2 apparatus. Formulation F14 was considered as optimized formulation because it shows drug release pattern higher than that of the other formulations and conventional marketed formulation. Ex vivo permeation studies were performed for the optimized formulation (F14) and that of the conventional marketed formulation. The drug release of the formulation (F14) was higher than the marketed formulation. Accelerated stability studies of the optimized formulation indicated that there were no signs of visually distinguishable changes, drug content and in vitro dispersion time. Thus, an increase in drug release may enhance absorption, in turn may enhance bioavailability.
Coherent control of electrons in molecules (1996)

Coherent superposition of electronic states can be achieved by simultaneous laser excitation at different frequencies. As an example, the three-level system is examined in order to demonstrate the possibility of phase control of electron transfer in molecules. Ab initio calculations are used to illustrate the principle in a charge transfer molecule DMBAN, 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzonitrile. Key words: laser control, charge transfer electrons.
Synthesis of 4-Nitrophenyl Sulfones and Application in the Modified Julia Olefination (2006)

4-Nitrophenyl (NP) sulfones were successfully employed in the modified Julia olefination reaction with carbonyl compds. The olefination reaction proceeds through a sequence of aldol addn., Smiles rearrangement, and elimination. The sulfones are easily prepd. in high yields in a two-step sequence starting from inexpensive com. available para-fluoronitrobenzenes via nucleophilic arom. substitution by a mercaptan and subsequent oxidn. under std. conditions. The modified Julia reaction between NP sulfones and a wide variety of arom. aldehydes affords the corresponding styrenes, stilbenes, and cinnamate derivs. in yields ?97% and good stereoselectivities. A mechanistic rationale is advanced to explain the obsd. results. [on SciFinder (R)]
Der Einfluß von Temperatur und Legierungselementen auf die Gasentwicklung im flüssigen Eisen (1973)

Einfluß der Temperatur, des Chromgehaltes und oberflächenaktiver Elemente auf die Geschwindigkeit der Kohlenmonoxidentwicklung in kohlenstoffhaltigen Eisenschmelzen. Zusammenhang zwischen Stoffübergangskoeffizienten und Diffusionskoeffizienten. Kinetik der Stickstoff- und Wasserstoffentwicklung im Eisen und ihre Temperaturabhängigkeit. Einfluß des Kohlenstoff- und Sauerstoffgehaltes auf das Ausmaß der Kohlenmonoxidentwicklung bei Vakuumbehandlung und Erstarrung. Effect of temperature, chromium content and surface-active elements on the rate of carbon-monoxide evolution in iron melts containing carbon. Correlations between mass transfer coefficients and diffusion coefficients. Kinetics of the evolution of nitrogen and hydrogen in the iron and its dependence on temperature. Effect of carbon and oxygen contents on the extent of carbon-monoxide evolution during vacuum treatment and solidification. Influence de la température, de la teneur en chrome et des éléments tensio-actifs sur la vitesse de l'évolution de monoxyde de carbone dans les coulées de fer contenant du carbone. Corrélations entre les coefficients de transfer de masse et les coefficients de diffusion. La cinétique de l'évolution d'azote et d'hydrogène dans le fer et sa variation par rapport à la température. Influence de la teneur en carbone et en oxygène sur l'étendue de l'évolution de monoxyde de carbone lors du traitement sous vide et lors de la solidification.
Peer-to-peer learning with open-ended writable Web (2003)

In spite of advances in educational technology, most Web-based computer science courses rely on costly pre-made learning materials. By shifting the emphasis to peer-to-peer learning and other student-centred learning principles, more meaningful learning process can be accomplished, without preparing stand-alone Web-courses. A course applying these principles is presented along with a tool built for the purpose. The tool offers the possibility to build a joint information pool and publish new work while constructing knowledge by collaborative annotation of the information or published work. According to our experince, transparency in the learning process is also well-accepted and viewed beneficial by the students.
Gross tumor volume is a good predictor of rectal cancer tumor response before chemoradiation with concurrent thermal therapy (2017)

Background and purpose: This study aimed to evaluate whether we can predict tumor response prior to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACR) with concurrent radiofrequency (RF) thermal therapy for rectal cancer. Material and Methods: This study included 80 patients with primary rectal adenocarcinoma localized in the rectum (up to 12 cm from the anal verge) and who received NACR intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) once daily 5 times/week, 50 Gy delivered to the planning target volume (PTV) in 25 fractions, capecitabine 1700 mg/m2 per day for 5 days per week, and thermic treatment (once a week for 5 weeks with 50 min irradiation). In order to further minimize RF-related complications, we used an initial time of 0 min for the time at which an output limiting symptom occurred as a predicted initial RF output (IRO) and compared this to the tumor response and target volumes (TVs) as defined by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and/or 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT (FDG-PET/CT) findings. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used in this study to identify the best-fitted cut-off value for predicted initial radiofrequency output (IRO) and TVs. Results: Gross tumor volume (GTV) correlated significantly with tumor stages, lymph node stages, and pretreatment TNM stages, but not clinical tumor volume (CTV) and PTV. GTV was a better imaging parameter than CTV and PTV for prediction of treatment response in this modality. Patients with predicted IRO ≥ 669.4 Watt, increased body temperature by RF thermal therapy and had a GTV ≤ 31.2 cm3 showed a good indication for this modality. Conclusions: We will be able to select rectal cancer patient prior treatment who respond to chemoradiation therapy with concurrent thermal therapy.
Routing and admission control in general topology networks with Poisson arrivals (1996)

Emerging high-speed networks will carry traffic for services such as video-on-demand and video teleconferencing that require resource reservation along the path on which the traffic is sent. High bandwidth-delay product of these networks prevents circuit rerouting, i.e., once a circuit is routed on a certain path, the bandwidth taken by this circuit remains unavailable for the duration (holding time) of this circuit. As a result, such networks will need effectiveroutingandadmission controlstrategies. Recently developed on-line routing and admission control strategies have logarithmic competitive ratios with respect to theadmission ratio(the fraction of admitted circuits). Such guarantees on performance are rather weak in the most interesting case where the rejection ratio of the optimum algorithm is very small or even 0. Unfortunately, these guarantees cannot be improved in the context of the considered models, making it impossible to use these models to identify algorithms that are going to perform well in practice. In this paper we develop routing and admission control strategies for a probabilistic model, where the requests for virtual circuits between any two points arrive according to a Poisson process and where the circuit holding times are exponentially distributed. Our model is close to the one that was developed to analyze and tune the (currently used) strategies for managing traffic in long-distance telephone networks. We strengthen this model by assuming that the rates of the Poisson processes (the “traffic matrix”) are unknown to the algorithm and are chosen by the adversary. Our strategy is competitive with respect to the expectedrejection ratio. More precisely, it achieves an expected rejection ratio of at mostR*+?, whereR* is the optimum expected rejection ratio. The expectations are taken over the distribution of the request sequences, and, whereris the maximum fraction of an edge bandwidth that can be requested by a single circuit. Our result should be viewed in the context of the previous competitive routing and admission control strategies that requirer?1/logn, but are not able to formally analyze the (intuitively clear) relation betweenrand the performance achievable in realistic situations.