gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the effects of nonuniform soil moisture on detection efficacy of minelike objects with GPR (1999)

We present dispersive soil finite difference time domain wave propagation situations to study the effects of realistic multilayered soil moisture on modulated short pulse ground penetrating radar mine detection excitations. Our conclusions suggest the amount of water and application time - as a function of soil hydraulic conductivity - that is necessary for modifying the ground to most effectively detect non-metallic anti-personnel mines.
Capacity factors in the performance of perforated‐plate columns (1955)

Abstract A study was made of factors affecting the vapor‐handling capacity of perforated‐plate liquid‐vapor contacting columns. Vapor‐phase pressure drop across plates, liquid entrainment upward from plate to plate, and plate stability were investigated as functions of operational and geometric column parameters. Gas‐phase pressure drop across dry perforated plates was observed to follow functional relationships predicted from available information for single perforations. The presence of liquid on a plate increased the total pressure drop by the equivalent clear‐liquid head plus a small residue which is nearly constant for a given liquid. Entrainment was observed to be a function of column gas velocity, independent of gas velocity in the perforations. Weight rate of entrainment was also found to be proportional to the gas density, independent of liquid density, and inversely proportional to the liquid‐surface tension. For a given system, entrainment was observed to be proportional to approximately the third power of the group, gas velocity divided by the distance between the liquid surface and the plate above. The stability of perforated plates was observed to be adequate for many industrial and experimental applications, as also reported in recently published studies, but contrary to qualitative statements found in the earlier literature. Stability was found to increase with decreasing perforation diameter and decreasing total perforation area relative to column cross‐sectional area; to increase with greater gas density, liquid surface tension, and liquid wetting power; and to be virtually independent of liquid density and viscosity. Operating limits of vapor and liquid throughput are shown for a typical application of perforated plates in liquid‐vapor contacting columns.
Identification of the epidermal growth factor‐like domains of thrombomodulin essential for the acceleration of thrombin‐mediated inactivation of single‐chain urokinase‐type plasminogen activator (2001)

Single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (scu-PA) can be cleaved by thrombin into a virtually inactive form called thrombin-cleaved two-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (tcu-PA/T), a process accelerated by thrombomodulin, which contains six epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. In this study, we identified the EGF-like domains of thrombomodulin required for the acceleration of the inactivation of scu-PA by thrombin using various forms of thrombomodulin (TM). scu-PA was treated with thrombin in the absence and presence of full-length rabbit TM (containing EGF1-6), recombinant TM comprising all of the extracellular domains including EGF1-6 (TMLEO) and recombinant TM comprising EGF4-6 plus the interconnecting region between EGF3 and EGF4 (TMEi4-6), and the tcu-PA/T generated was quantitated in each case. Rabbit TM accelerated the inactivation of scu-PA approximately 35-fold, while both recombinant forms accelerated it only threefold due to the absence of a critical chondroitin sulfate moiety. Subsequently, TME5-6 was prepared by cyanogen bromide digestion of TMEi4-6. TME5-6 bound to thrombin but did not accelerate the activation of protein C. In contrast, the inactivation of scu-PA by thrombin was accelerated to the same extent as that induced by TMLEO and TMEi4-6. This study demonstrates that, in addition to the chondroitin sulfate moiety, only EGF-like domains 5 and 6 are essential for the acceleration of the inactivation of scu-PA by thrombin. This differs from the domains that are critical for activation of protein C (EGF-like domains i4-6) and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (EGF-like domains 3-6).
Assessing Smoking Behaviour and Tobacco Smoke Exposure: Definitions and Methods (2013)

Abstract In recent years, the increased availability of tobacco products other than conventional cigarettes, the use of puffing topography devices for smoking behaviour studies and the use of biomarkers to study smoke constituents exposure have generated the need for a more comprehensive set of definitions concerning smoking behaviour and exposure to smoke. The definitions offered in this paper are based on many years of practical experience and on consensus within a broad group of scientists working in these areas. It is intended that, with wider and more consistent usage, these definitions should reduce any misunderstandings and facilitate interpretation of future studies.
Multichannel SQUID systems for brain research (1991)

Basic principles of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and neuromagnetic instrumentation are briefly reviewed. A 24-channel system based on planar gradiometer coils and DC-SQUIDs is described. Finally, MEG-experiments of human somatotopy and focal epilepsy are presented.
Female Rats Demonstrate Improved Locomotor Recovery and Greater Preservation of White and Gray Matter after Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury Compared to Males (2015)

The possibility of a gender-related difference in recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) remains a controversial subject. Current empirical animal research lacks sizable test groups to definitively determine whether significant differences exist. Evaluating locomotor recovery variances between sexes following a precise, clinically relevant spinal cord contusion model can provide valuable insight into a possible gender-related advantage in outcome post-SCI. In the current study, we hypothesized that by employing larger sample sizes in a reproducible contusive SCI paradigm, subtle distinctions in locomotor recovery between sexes, if they exist, would be elucidated through a broad range of behavioral tests. During 13 weeks of functional assessment after a thoracic (T8) contusive SCI in rat, significant differences owing to gender existed for the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan score and CatWalk hindlimb swing, support four, and single stance analyses. Significant differences in locomotor performance were noticeable as early as 4 weeks post-SCI. Stereological tissue-volume analysis determined that females, more so than males, also exhibited greater volumes of preserved gray and white matter within the injured cord segment as well as more spared ventral white matter area at the center of the lesion. The stereological tissue analysis differences favoring females directly correlated with the female rats' greater functional improvement observed at endpoint.
Translation and Rotation Trade Off in Human Visual Heading Estimation (1996)

We have previously shown that, during simulated curvilinear motion, humans can make reasonably accurate and precise heading judgments from optic flow without either oculomotor or static-depth cues about rotation. We now systematically investigate the effect of varying the parameters of self-motion. We visually simulated 400 ms of self-motion along curved paths (constant rotation and translation rates, fixed retinocentric heading) towards two planes of random dots at 10.3 m and 22.3 m at mid-trial. Retinocentric heading judgments of 4 observers (2 naive) were measured for 12 different combinations of translation (T between 4 and 16 m/s) and rotation (R either 8 or 16 deg/s). In the range tested, heading bias and uncertainty decrease quasilinearly with T/R, but the bias also appears to depend on R. If depth is held constant, the ratio T/R can account for much of the variation in the accuracy and precision of human visual heading estimation, although further experiments are needed to resolve whether absolute rotation rate, total flow rate, or some other factor can account for the observed -2 deg shift between the bias curves.
AR1 quality assurance by ELISA (2007)

Tests are required to monitor contamination of AR1-infected seed with ryegrass seed infected with the common toxic endophyte to ensure contamination is maintained below 5% for First Generation seed and below 2% for Breeders and Basic seed. To achieve this AR1 seed is tested for the presence of lolitrem toxins that are produced by the endophytic fungus in toxic seeds. This was done by HPLC analysis until 2006 when an ELISA method, more suited to processing large sample numbers, was successfully established as a replacement. The ELISA is specific for lolitrems and lolitriol, provides rapid sample turnaround and analytical costs have been reduced. It is anticipated that in the future the test will be transferred to a commercial testing laboratory and will be extended to monitor contamination of AR37 seed with common toxic ryegrass seed. Keywords: AR1 ryegrass, wild-type endophyte, lolitrem, ELISA, quality assurance
Epitaxy and characterisation of dilute III–As1−yNy on GaAs and InP (2004)

Epitaxial growth and characterisation of Ga1−xInxAs1−yNy films and quantum wells are presented. Starting with the epitaxy on GaAs, recent results on the local bonding of nitrogen in Ga1−xInxAs1−yNy are reviewed, revealing that bonding of nitrogen is controlled by an interplay between bond cohesive energy and reduction of local strain. Thus, III–N bonding can be changed from Ga–N to In–N by post-growth thermal annealing. For high In-content Ga1−xInxAs1−yNy on InP it is demonstrated that only small amounts of Ga are necessary to cause the bonding of the nitrogen atoms to at least one Ga neighbour. The epitaxy on InP substrates, equivalent to a drastic increase in indium content, allows an extension of optical transitions to longer wavelengths. The feasibility of high In-content Ga1−xInxAs1−yNy pseudomorphic quantum wells on InP is shown. The deterioration of the photoluminescence properties with increasing nitrogen incorporation can be partially compensated by thermal annealing. Within the resolution limits of the secondary ion mass spectrometry experiments, no annealing-induced loss of nitrogen was observed. The indium-rich strained Ga0.22In0.78As0.99N0.01 quantum wells are shown to exhibit room-temperature photoluminescence at wavelengths up to 2.3 μm. Finally quantum well lasers emitting at wavelengths beyond 2 μm are demonstrated.
Hydrothermolysis of a Silica-Immobilized Diphenylethane (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrothermolysis of a Silica-Immobilized DiphenylethaneRobert D. Guthrie, Sreekumar Ramakrishnan, Phillip F. Britt, A. C. Buchanan III, and Burtron H. DavisCite this: Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 6, 1097–1103Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00054a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00054a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cellular RNA Helicase p68 Relocalization and Interaction with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) NS5B Protein and the Potential Role of p68 in HCV RNA Replication (2004)

Chronic infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV) can lead to severe hepatitis and cirrhosis and is closely associated with hepatocellular carcinoma. The replication cycle of HCV is poorly understood but is likely to involve interaction with host factors. In this report, we show that NS5B, the HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), interacts with a human RNA helicase, p68. Transient expression of NS5B alone, as well as the stable expression of all the nonstructural proteins in a HCV replicon-bearing cell line (V. Lohmann, F. Korner, J.-O. Koch, U. Herian, L. Theilmann, and R. Bartenschlager, Science 285:110-113), causes the redistribution of endogenous p68 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Deletion of the C-terminal two-thirds of NS5B (NS5BDeltaC) dramatically reduces its coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) with endogenous p68, while the deletion of the N-terminal region (NS5BDeltaN1 and NS5BDeltaN2) does not affect its interaction with p68. In consistency with the co-IP results, NS5BDeltaC does not cause the relocalization of p68 whereas NS5BDeltaN1 does. With a replicon cell line, we were not able to detect a change in positive- and negative-strand synthesis when p68 levels were reduced using small interfering RNA (siRNA). In cells transiently transfected with a full-length HCV construct, however, the depletion (using specific p68 siRNA) of endogenous p68 correlated with a reduction in the transcription of negative-strand from positive-strand HCV RNA. Overexpression of NS5B and NS5BDeltaN1, but not that of NS5BDeltaC, causes a reduction in the negative-strand synthesis, indicating that overexpressed NS5B and NS5BDeltaN1 sequesters p68 from the replication complexes (thus reducing their replication activity levels). Identification of p68 as a cellular factor involved in HCV replication, at least for cells transiently transfected with a HCV expression construct, is a step towards understanding HCV replication.
Gene Therapy (2012)

Gene therapy in the craniofacial region provides a unique tool for delivery of DNA to coordinate protein production in both time and space. The drive to bring this technology to the clinic is derived from the fact that more than 85% of the global population may at one time require repair or replacement of a craniofacial structure. This need ranges from mild tooth decay and tooth loss to temporomandibular joint disorders and large-scale reconstructive surgery. Our ability to insert foreign DNA into a host cell has been developing since the early uses of gene therapy to alter bacterial properties for waste cleanup in the 1980s followed by successful human clinical trials in the 1990s to treat severe combined immunodeficiency. In the past 20 years, the emerging field of craniofacial tissue engineering has adopted these techniques to enhance regeneration of mineralized tissues, salivary gland, and periodontium and to reduce tumor burden of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Studies are currently pursuing research on both biomaterial-mediated gene delivery and more clinically efficacious, although potentially more hazardous, viral methods. Although hundreds of gene therapy clinical trials have taken place in the past 20 years, we must still work to ensure an ideal safety profile for each gene and delivery method combination. With adequate genotoxicity testing, we can expect gene therapy to augment protein delivery strategies and potentially allow for tissue-specific targeting, delivery of multiple signals, and increased spatial and temporal control with the goal of natural tissue replacement in the craniofacial complex.
Stochastic free energy transduction. (1985)

Theoretical free-energy coupling systems in which the free energy coupling intermediate (e.g., the proton) occurs only in small numbers of molecules per coupling unit are shown to exhibit a number of peculiar properties: (i) the reactions involving the intermediates do not follow conventional kinetic (or nonequilibrium thermodynamic) rate laws in terms of the average concentration or chemical potential of the intermediate, (ii) the variation of the output reaction rate with the average intermediate concentration (or apparent chemical potential) is not unequivocal but depends on whether the input reaction or the leak is varied to alter that concentration, and (iii) when the apparent free energy contained in the average concentration of the intermediate is compared with the average free energy recovered in the output reaction, apparent violations of the second law of thermodynamics can occur. These phenomena are reminiscent of experimental observations in proton-linked free-energy transducing systems that suggest a more direct coupling between electron transfer chains and H+-ATPases than only through a bulk proton gradient, delta muH. Consequently, the chemiosmotic coupling theory can account for those observations if it limits the number of free energy coupling protons per chemiosmotic coupling unit to small values.
Macrothrombocytic Thrombopathia. Clinical, Coagulation and Hereditary Aspects (1963)

Summary Macrothrombocytic thrombopathia (la dystrophie thrombocytaire hémorragipare congénitale) has been diagnosed in two sisters (10 and 12 years old) born of a consanguineous marriage. A short description of the clinical course in both patients is given. Microscopic examinations of stained blood smears revealed an abnormal size of platelets, the diameter of 80 per cent of platelets was greater than 4.3 ì. The platelet count in both children was normal except the period of haemorrhagic crises. The prolongation of bleeding time and defective prothrombin consumption were the only abnormalities found by means of routine coagulation study. Plasma clotting factors were normal. Platelets were lacking factor 1 and 3 but platelets agglutination, viscous metamorphosis and clot retraction were normal. Two forms of macrothrombocytic thrombopathia were ascertained in the patients family (17 members) by means of microscopic and coagulation studies. The first form (homozygous state) is a platelet anomaly associated with defective prothrombin consumption and bleeding tendency. The second one (heterozygous state) consists in platelet anomaly only. The authors suggest that macrothrombocytic thrombopathia is transmitted as an autosomic and incompletely recessive trait, some abnormalities being detected in heterozygotes. It was suggested that the microscopic examination of platelets in stained blood smears offers the possibilty for detection of heterozygotes. The pathogenesis and the mechanism of hemostatic defect of macrothrombocytic thrombopathia is briefly discussed.
Residual Cold Work and Its Influence on Tensile and Creep Properties of Types 304 and 316 Stainless Steel (1976)

Tensile and creep properties of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel in the as-received (mill-annealed) and reannealed (laboratory-annealed) conditions have been related by PRA = A + BPAR, where PRA and PAR are properties in the reannealed and as-received conditions, respectively, and A and B are material constants. Constant B was shown to give a measure of change in tensile properties due to grain-size differences, whereas A, although related to grain size, primarily gave a measure of cold work. The mill-annealed condition of plate and pipe products of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel showed 3 to 4% residual cold work, presumably resulting from bending and straightening operations, as opposed to ∼ 10% for the bar product of Type 316 stainless steel. The changes in creep properties on reannealing were shown to be consistent with corresponding changes observed in yield strength and grain sizes. Constants A and B have been summarized for tensile and creep properties of plate, pipe, and bar products of Types 304 and 316 stainless steel.
The thermodynamical calculations of uranium-water vapor system (2003)

In this paper, we study the relative stable molecular structures of uranium-wate r vapor system- For the uranium atom were used the relativistic effective core p otential and contracted valued basis sets (6s5p2d4f)/[3s3p2d2f], and for oxygen and hydrogen atoms were used 6-311G** basis sets- We obtain the elect ronic state, geometric structure, energy, harmonic frequency, mechanical property, et c-，of these six quintuple relative stable structures- It indicated that the first step of uranium-water vapor reaction is the interaction of uranium and oxyg en atoms- The thermodynamical stability of UOH2(5A1) was calculated an d its disassociation Gibbs free energy ΔG°decreased with increasing temper ature -The result showed that low temperature favoured its existence-
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Chemistry of cis‐Trioxotungsten(VI) Complexes. Crystal Structures of LWO3·3 H2O, (L′WO2(OH))Br, (LWO2Br)Br, (L2W2O5)(S2O6)·4 H2O and (LWO2(μ‐O)WO(O2)2(OH2)) (L: 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane; L′: 1,4,7‐Trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane). (1990)

Abstract The WO3(triamine) complex (I) (space group P2 1 /c, Z=4) is obtained by treating WO 3 in aqueous solution with the triamine.
[Roentgen ray-induced pemphigus vulgaris]. (1988)

The pemphigus vulgaris lesions first developed in a 70-year-old man as a reaction to superficial X-ray treatment of solar keratoses on the forehead.
Dirac states with knobs on: Interplay of external parameters and the surface electronic properties of three-dimensional topological insulators (2015)

Topological insulators are a novel materials platform with high applications potential in fields ranging from spintronics to quantum computation. In the ongoing scientific effort to demonstrate controlled manipulation of their electronic structure by external means, i.e., the provision of knobs with which to tune properties, stoichiometric variation and surface decoration are two effective approaches that have been followed. In angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments, both approaches are seen to lead to electronic band-structure changes. Most importantly, such approaches result in variations of the energy position of bulk and surface-related features and the creation of two-dimensional electron gases. The data presented here demonstrate that a third manipulation handle is accessible by utilizing the amount of super-band-gap light a topological insulator surface has been exposed to under typical ARPES experimental conditions. Our results show that this third knob acts on an equal footing with stoichiometry and surface decoration as a modifier of the electronic band structure, and that it is in continuous and direct competition with the latter. The data clearly point towards surface photovoltage and photoinduced desorption as the physical phenomena behind modifications of the electronic band structure under exposure to high-flux photons. We show that the interplay of these phenomena can minimize and even eliminate the adsorbate-related surface band bending on typical binary, ternary, and quaternary Bi-based topological insulators. Including the influence of the sample temperature, these data set up a detailed framework for the external control of the electronic band structure in topological insulator compounds in an ARPES setting. Four external knobs are available: bulk stoichiometry, surface decoration, temperature, and photon exposure. These knobs can be used in conjunction to fine tune the band energies near the surface and consequently influence the topological properties of the relevant electronic states.