gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate (1973)

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the standard measure of renal function and is critical for the diagnosis and management of renal diseases. Rigorous assessment of GFR requires the measurement of renal clearance of an exogenous marker that is freely filtered by the kidney, and that does not undergo metabolism, tubular secretion or absorption, such as inulin. While its clearance provides the most accurate method of measuring GFR, it is not suitable for routine clinical practice. Labeled compounds as alternative filtration markers, including 125I-iothalamate and 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA), provide accurate and precise GFR measurements, but their use may be limited for safety reasons. To avoid exposing patients to radiation, investigators have proposed clearance procedures using minute doses of non-radioactive contrast agents, including iothalamate (ionic) and iohexol (non-ionic). This approach provides similar accuracy to inulin clearance. The most important limitation of all renal clearance methods is that urine is collected by spontaneous voiding, stimulated by water loading, and thus subject to errors due to incomplete emptying of the bladder. Thus, plasma clearance of a suitable exogenous marker (51Cr-EDTA, 125I-iothalamate, iohexol) has been suggested for measuring renal function, in which the elimination rate of the tracer after a single intravenous injection is evaluated. Plasma clearance of these markers estimated by multiple blood samples provides more precise information, but repeated sampling makes this method cumbersome. To overcome this drawback, abbreviated kinetic profiles have been proposed to predict GFR from the plasma disappearance curve (elimination phase). On analyzing the data with a simplified method that uses a one-compartment model (six blood samples only in the elimination phase), corrected with the Bröchner-Mortensen formula, an excellent correlation was found with inulin clearance. This method is currently employed for measuring GFR in multicenter clinical trials.
A hardware architecture for video rate shading of volume data (2002)

This paper presents an architecture capable of generating two dimensional images of volume data at video rates. This architecture fits into an image synthesis pipeline and uses only simple arithmetic operations and a look-up table to generate two dimensional images in real time. The shading algorithm is the grey-level gradient algorithm for shading volume data. Hardware simulations of the critical components can process a 256/sup 3/ data set at 20 frames a second using a parallel implementation. Image synthesis from volume data in real time is an important technique in visualization and graphics systems.
Component-based software development (2001)

Component-based software development (CBSD) strives to achieve a set of pre-built, standardized software components available to fit a specific architectural style for some application domain; the application is then assembled using these components. Component-based software reusability will be at the forefront of software development technology in the next few years. This paper describes a software life cycle that supports component-based development under an object-oriented framework. Development time versus software life cycle phases, which is an important assessment of the component-based development model put forward, is also mentioned.
Relationship between Fibroblast Growth Factor-23 and Mineral Metabolism in Chronic Kidney Disease (2010)

Fibroblast growth factor- (FGF-)23 is a recently discovered regulator of calcium-phosphate metabolism. FGF-23 appears to decrease in synthesis and accelerated degradation of 1,25(OH) 2 D. Together with its cofactor Klotho, FGF-23 maintains serum phosphate levels within the normal range by increasing renal phosphate excretion. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), FGF-23 levels rise in parallel with the decline in renal function long before a significant increase in serum phosphate concentration occurs. Both Klotho and FGF-23, linked by a receptor mechanism, affect vitamin D synthesis and parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. Previous studies have shown a close association between reduced FGF-23 or Klotho activities and vascular calcification. The possible association of FGF-23 and left ventricular hypertrophy or vascular dysfunction has been proposed. Finally, prospective studies have shown that high serum FGF-23 concentrations predict more rapid disease progression in CKD patients who were not on dialysis and increased mortality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. FGF-23 may therefore prove to be an important therapeutic target for the management of CKD.
Recognition of handwritten digits using sparse codes generated by local feature extraction methods (2006)

We investigate when sparse coding of sensory inputs canimprove performance in a classification task. For this purpose, we use astandard data set, the MNIST database of handwritten digits. We system ...
Mouse Model of a Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Mutation in α-Tropomyosin Manifests Cardiac Dysfunction (1999)

To investigate the functional consequences of a tropomyosin (TM) mutation associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC), we generated transgenic mice that express mutant alpha-TM in the adult heart. The missense mutation, which results in the substitution of asparagine for aspartic acid at amino acid position 175, occurs in a troponin T binding region of TM. S1 nuclease mapping and Western blot analyses demonstrate that increased expression of the alpha-TM 175 transgene in different lines causes a concomitant decrease in levels of endogenous alpha-TM mRNA and protein expression. In vivo physiological analyses show a severe impairment of both contractility and relaxation in hearts of the FHC mice, with a significant change in left ventricular fractional shortening. Myofilaments that contain alpha-TM 175 demonstrate an increased activation of the thin filament through enhanced Ca2+ sensitivity of steady-state force. Histological analyses show patchy areas of mild ventricular myocyte disorganization and hypertrophy, with occasional thrombi formation in the left atria. Thus, the FHC alpha-TM transgenic mouse can serve as a model system for the examination of pathological and physiological alterations imparted through aberrant TM isoforms.
The Synthesis of Cytidine-2-C<sup>14</sup>-ribosyl-t<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Cytidine-2-C14-ribosyl-t1John F. Codington, Ronald Fecher, M. Helen Maguire, R. Y. Thomson, and George Bosworth BrownCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 19, 5164–5166Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01552a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01552a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel acyclic and cyclic glyoxamide based derivatives as bacterial quorum sensing and biofilm inhibitors (2017)

Bacteria regulate the expression of various virulence factors and processes such as biofilm formation through a chemically-mediated communication mechanism called quorum sensing. Bacterial biofilms contribute to antimicrobial resistance as they can protect bacteria embedded in their matrix from the effects of antibiotics. Thus, developing novel quorum sensing inhibitors, which can inhibit biofilm formation, is a viable strategy to combat antimicrobial resistance. We report herein the synthesis of novel acyclic and cyclic glyoxamide derivatives via ring-opening reactions of N-acylisatins. These compounds were evaluated for their quorum sensing inhibition activity against P. aeruginosa MH602 and E. coli MT102. Compounds 20, 21 and 30 displayed the greatest quorum sensing inhibition activity against P. aeruginosa MH602, with 71.5%, 71.5%, and 74% inhibition, respectively, at 250 μM. Compounds 18, 20 and 21 exhibited the greatest QSI activity against E. coli MT102, with 71.5%, 72.1% and 73.5% quorum sensing inhibition activity, respectively. In addition, the biofilm inhibition activity was also investigated against P. aeruginosa and E. coli at 250 μM. The glyoxamide compounds 16, 18 and 19 exhibited 71.2%, 66.9%, and 66.5% inhibition of P. aeruginosa biofilms, respectively; whereas compounds 12, 20, and 22 showed the greatest inhibitory activity against E. coli biofilms with 87.9%, 90.8% and 89.5%, respectively. Finally, the determination of the in vitro toxicity against human MRC-5 lung fibroblast cells revealed that these novel glyoxamide compounds are non-toxic to human cells.
The effects of bolus and continuous nasogastric feeding on gastro-oesophageal reflux and gastric emptying in healthy volunteers: a randomised three-way cross-over study (2008)

Nasogastric tube feeding may result in gastro-oesophageal reflux with an increased risk of aspiration, which may be more pronounced when feeds are administered via a bolus than by infusion. The aim of the present study was to measure gastric emptying time and gastrooesophageal reflux in healthy volunteers given a liquid feed via an oral bolus (OB), a nasogastric tube bolus (TB) and a nasogastric tube drip (TD).
Understanding users' perception of privacy in human-robot interaction (2011)

Previous research has shown that design features that support privacy are essential for new technologies looking to gain widespread adoption. As such, privacy-sensitive design will be important for the adoption of social robots, as they could introduce new types of privacy risks to users. In this paper, we report findings from our preliminary study on users' perceptions and attitudes toward privacy in human-robot interaction, based on interviews that we conducted about a workplace social robot.
The Effect of Drilling Fluid Base Oil Properties on the Occupational Hygiene and the Marine Environment (2000)

Abstract Drilling operations can require the usage of oil base drilling fluids (OBM). These fluids are formulated as an emulsion consisting of water emulsified into a continuous oil phase. During the last decade the North Sea drilling industry has moved from using diesel oil to low toxic base oils in OBM. Further development of low toxic base oils has continued on the Norwegian Sector of the North Sea, and resulted in the use of non-aromatic base oils. The current paper describes the results from a field test where the introduction of non-aromatic base oils reduced the hydrocarbon content by more than 50% in head space level in the shale shaker area compared to the use of low toxic base oils. In this test two wells were drilled where the hydrocarbon vapour and mist were collected at the same locations in the shaker area. The first well was drilled with a more traditional low toxic mineral oil based drilling fluid. The second well was drilled in a comparable formation with a drilling fluid based on the non-aromatic base oil. The paper also describes how skin irritation is reduced when using the non-aromatic base oils compared to the use of previous base oils and synthetic base oils. The reduction in skin irritation and hydrocarbon content at head space level has significantly improved the occupational hygiene for personnel exposed to drilling fluids offshore. The paper also discusses biodegradability and toxicity of different base oils. Ecotoxicological test results indicate that use of the non-aromatic base oils may result in less environmental impact compared to use of other mineral oils or synthetic oils if an accidental discharge occurs. Finally, the paper discusses dermal irritation effects from the different drilling fluids. It is shown that use of the non-aromatic base oil reduces the skin irritation index compared to use of other oil or synthetic base oils.
Asymptotically Truthful Equilibrium Selection in Large Congestion Games (2013)

Studying games in the complete information model makes them analytically tractable. However, large $n$ player interactions are more realistically modeled as games of incomplete information, where players may know little to nothing about the types of other players. Unfortunately, games in incomplete information settings lose many of the nice properties of complete information games: the quality of equilibria can become worse, the equilibria lose their ex-post properties, and coordinating on an equilibrium becomes even more difficult. Because of these problems, we would like to study games of incomplete information, but still implement equilibria of the complete information game induced by the (unknown) realized player types. This problem was recently studied by Kearns et al. and solved in large games by means of introducing a weak mediator: their mediator took as input reported types of players, and output suggested actions which formed a correlated equilibrium of the underlying game. Players had the option to play independently of the mediator, or ignore its suggestions, but crucially, if they decided to opt-in to the mediator, they did not have the power to lie about their type. In this paper, we rectify this deficiency in the setting of large congestion games. We give, in a sense, the weakest possible mediator: it cannot enforce participation, verify types, or enforce its suggestions. Moreover, our mediator implements a Nash equilibrium of the complete information game. We show that it is an (asymptotic) ex-post equilibrium of the incomplete information game for all players to use the mediator honestly, and that when they do so, they end up playing an approximate Nash equilibrium of the induced complete information game. In particular, truthful use of the mediator is a Bayes-Nash equilibrium in any Bayesian game for any prior.
Phytoene Desaturase Inhibition by <i>O</i>-(2-Phenoxy)ethyl-<i>N</i>-aralkylcarbamates (2003)

O-[1-Ethyl-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)]ethyl-N-benzylcarbamate exhibits a marked inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis. Forty-one analogues were synthesized and assayed for plant-type phytoene desaturase (PDS) and zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS) inhibition in a cell-free system using recombinant enzymes obtained from Escherichia coli transformants. The target enzyme of all carbamates synthesized in this study is PDS and not ZDS; no inhibition of ZDS was observed using a 10(-4) M inhibitor concentration. Four compounds, O-[1-ethyl-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)]ethyl-N-(2-phenylethyl)carbamate (23), O-[1-ethyl-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)]ethyl-N-(2-chlorobenzyl)carbamate (25), O-[1-ethyl-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)]ethyl-N-(2-chlorobenzyl)carbamate (26), and O-[1-methyl-2-(3-trifluoromethylphenoxy)]ethyl-N-benzylcarbamate (30), were the most potent PDS inhibitors. Their pI(50) values, the negative logarithms of the molar concentration that produces a 50% inhibition, were 7.5, representing the same inhibitory activity as norflurazon. With respect to a structure-activity relationship the oxygen atom of the phenoxy group and a carbamate structure in O-(1-ethyl-2-phenoxy)ethyl-N-aralkylcarbamates studied were found to be essential for strong PDS inhibitors. Also, introduction of an ethyl group at the alpha-position of the ethylene bridge between the phenoxy group and the carbamate was important for a strong PDS inhibitor. Substituents at the 2- and/or 3-position of the phenoxybenzene ring were found to be favorable to a strong PDS inhibition of the analogues.
Comparison of Optimization Methods for Ground-Water Bioremediation (1999)

This paper compares computational performance of eight optimization algorithms used to identify the most cost-effective policy for in situ bioremediation of contaminated ground water. Six of these methods have not previously been applied to optimization of groundwater remediation. Numerical results were obtained for bioremediation of three problems based on two aquifers with time-invariant or time-varying pumping rates. Three major classes of algorithms are considered in the comparison: evolutionary algorithms [binary-coded genetic algorithm (BIGA), real-coded genetic algorithm, and derandomized evolution strategy (DES)], direct search methods (Nelder-Mead simplex, modified simplex, and parallel directive search), and derivative-based optimization methods (implicit filtering for constrained optimization and successive approximation linear quadratic regulator). Based on the three problems considered, the successive approximation linear quadratic regulator is the fastest algorithm. No one algorithm was consistently the most accurate on all three problems. The DES displayed an impressive combination of speed and accuracy. The DES has the advantage that it does not require derivative information. The BIGA was much slower and less accurate than all the other algorithms on the two problems BIGA solved.
Transductores macrosónicos tipo placa vibrante escalonada Fundamentos, desarrollos, estado actual (2000)

PACS: 43.25.Vt, 43.40.Dx.-- Publicado en el Vol. XXXI, num. 3-4, tercer y cuarto trimestre 2000 de la Revista de Acustica: Numero especial dedicado al XXV Aniversario del Instituto de Acustica del C.S.I.C.
Illustrating Principled Design: The Early Evolution of a Cognitive Tutor for Algebra Symbolization (1998)

(1998). Illustrating Principled Design: The Early Evolution of a Cognitive Tutor for Algebra Symbolization. Interactive Learning Environments: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 161-179.
A 360° Giant Retinal Tear in Stickler Syndrome (2015)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Ophthalmology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Ophthalmology journal
ChemInform Abstract: General Strategy for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Strychnos Alkaloids: A Concise Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Dehydrotubifoline. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stretching of the Back Improves Gait, Mechanical Sensitivity and Connective Tissue Inflammation in a Rodent Model (2012)

The role played by nonspecialized connective tissues in chronic non-specific low back pain is not well understood. In a recent ultrasound study, human subjects with chronic low back pain had altered connective tissue structure compared to human subjects without low back pain, suggesting the presence of inflammation and/or fibrosis in the low back pain subjects. Mechanical input in the form of static tissue stretch has been shown in vitro and in vivo to have anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. To better understand the pathophysiology of lumbar nonspecialized connective tissue as well as potential mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of tissue stretch, we developed a carrageenan-induced inflammation model in the low back of a rodent. Induction of inflammation in the lumbar connective tissues resulted in altered gait, increased mechanical sensitivity of the tissues of the low back, and local macrophage infiltration. Mechanical input was then applied to this model as in vivo tissue stretch for 10 minutes twice a day for 12 days. In vivo tissue stretch mitigated the inflammation-induced changes leading to restored stride length and intrastep distance, decreased mechanical sensitivity of the back and reduced macrophage expression in the nonspecialized connective tissues of the low back. This study highlights the need for further investigation into the contribution of connective tissue to low back pain and the need for a better understanding of how interventions involving mechanical stretch could provide maximal therapeutic benefit. This tissue stretch research is relevant to body-based treatments such as yoga or massage, and to some stretch techniques used with physical therapy.
The Accuracy of Photo-Based Three-Dimensional Scanning for Collision Reconstruction Using 123D Catch (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">An experiment was conducted to examine the validity of freely available photo-based 3D scanning software for generating accurate 3D geometry of a vehicle. Currently, 3D vehicle geometry is routinely captured using total station survey equipment, coordinate measuring machines (CMM), laser scanning, or traditional point-based photogrammetry. While these methods produce sufficiently accurate results for collision reconstruction, they have limitations that can affect practical implementation. For example, manual surveying with a total station, CMM or traditional photogrammetry are all limited to the production of coordinate data at discrete, pre-defined points. In addition, total stations, CMMs and laser scanning devices are also expensive and require a significant amount of time in the field with the vehicle. In contrast, photo-based 3D scanning allows a 3D mesh to be created of a vehicle simply from a series of photographs using a consumer-grade digital camera.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this experiment, a vehicle was marked with point targets and photographed. The coordinates of the targets were then measured using: 1) A total station; 2) Traditional photogrammetry software; and 3) Photo-based 3D scanning software. The coordinates of the targets on the vehicle model produced through the photo-based scanning process were compared with the target positions measured via total station and traditional photogrammetry. The mean deviation between corresponding points on the photo-based scanning model and the traditional photogrammetric model was 3.2 ± 1.8 mm. The mean coordinate deviation between the photo-based scanning model and the total station data ranged between 3.4 ± 1.4 mm and 6.3 ± 3.1 mm.</div></div>