gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Platinum alloys and iridium bottom electrodes for perovskite based capacitors in dram applications (1995)

Abstract Two types of potential bottom electrode structures for integration of ferroelectric materials in DRAM technology have been investigated: one based on iridium, the other based on platinum alloyed with oxygen gettering elements, such as B and Ti. The electrode structures, deposited on Si substrates, have been annealed in oxygen at 650°C for 30 min and characterized by RBS and AES. It was found that alloying the Pt with 3% of alloying elements had no beneficial effect and did not improve the properties of Pt as a barrier to oxygen diffusion. At the investigated annealing conditions, oxygen diffuses through Pt or its alloys and oxidizes the underlaying material. On the other hand, a thickness of 1100 Å of Ir was found to provide a barrier to oxygen diffusion under the same conditions. A layer of Ta in contact with Pt or Ir was found to deteriorate the barrier properties of both metals at the investigated annealing conditions.
An overview of molecular parasitology in China. (1992)

Molecular cloning technology has been gradually used in the studies of parasitic diseases in China since 1986. The information briefly reviewed here deals mainly with: (1) the molecular cloning of immunogen genes related to Schistosome and Plasmodium; (2) a diagnostic DNA probe for malaria and toxoplasmosis; and (3) DNA probes for inter- and intra-specific differentiation of Leishmania, Schistosome, Entamoeba, etc.
Global distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated from paediatric patients during 1999–2000 and the in vitro efficacy of telithromycin and comparators (2004)

Few data exist on the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in many countries and in non-invasive disease overall. Here, data are presented from 772 paediatric isolates from children with community-acquired respiratory tract infections isolated from the PROTEKT global surveillance study during 1999-2000. Overall, 60.0 % of isolates were covered by the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccine formulation (PCV7), with greater coverage in the USA compared with Europe (69.6 vs 55.5 %, P = 0.014). Geographically dispersed clones of serogroups 3, 11 and 15 accounted for most of the isolates outside PCV7 coverage. Overall, macrolide, penicillin and cotrimoxazole non-susceptibility rates were high; however, all isolates were susceptible to telithromycin. Although only 7.4 % of isolates were resistant to amoxycillin/clavulanate, a higher prevalence of resistance was found in isolates from the USA and South Korea. This study shows the feasibility and importance of serotyping antibiotic surveillance study isolates and the potential of telithromycin as an important option for empiric therapy.
A 1.4-µW 24.9-ppm/°C Current Reference With Process-Insensitive Temperature Compensation in 0.18-µm CMOS (2012)

This paper presents a trim-free low-voltage and low-power CMOS current reference which achieves high current stability to temperature variation. In order to achieve process-insensitive temperature compensation, the proposed circuit employs ratio between the process-independent temperature coefficients of resistor and compensation voltage. The proposed current reference is implemented in 0.18-μm CMOS technology and consumes 1.4 μW from a 1-V supply. It achieves temperature coefficient of 24.9 ppm/°C with 0 °C to 100 °C of temperature variation without trimming, which is the lowest among the recently reported CMOS current references.
Lower limb joint kinetics in the starting blocks and first stance in athletic sprinting (2016)

The aim of this study was to examine lower limb joint kinetics during the block and first stance phases in athletic sprinting. Ten male sprinters (100 m PB, 10.50 ± 0.27 s) performed maximal sprint starts from blocks. External force (1000 Hz) and three-dimensional kinematics (250 Hz) were recorded in both the block (utilising instrumented starting blocks) and subsequent first stance phases. Ankle, knee and hip resultant joint moment, power and work were calculated at the rear and front leg during the block phase and during first stance using inverse dynamics. Significantly (P < 0.05) greater peak moment, power and work were evident at the knee joint in the front block and during stance compared with the rear block. Ankle joint kinetic data significantly increased during stance compared with the front and rear block. The hip joint dominated leg extensor energy generation in the block phase (rear leg, 61 ± 10%; front leg, 64 ± 8%) but significantly reduced during stance (32 ± 9%), where the ankle contributed most (42 ± 6%). The current study provides novel insight into sprint start biomechanics and the contribution of the lower limb joints towards leg extensor energy generation.
Partial Least-Squares Quantitative Analysis of Infrared Spectroscopic Data. Part II: Application to Detergent Analysis (1988)

An implementation of the PLS (partial least-squares) statistical approach to quantitative analysis was applied to a set of mid-infrared spectra obtained from a series of commercial detergent samples. The components analyzed included the base detergent, sodium benzoate, 2-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, polypropylene glycol, and glycerol. The samples were analyzed with the use of a horizontal attenuated total reflectance (ATR) accessory equipped with a zinc selenide crystal. The PLS model created in the calibration was found to provide excellent results for a set of validation samples.
A case-cohort study of diet and stomach cancer. (1990)

In this case-cohort study, from 1965 to 1968, 8006 Hawaiian men of Japanese ancestry were interviewed with a 24-h dietary recall questionnaire. After a follow-up period of 18 years, 111 stomach cancer incident cases were identified. Dietary data from these patients and from 361 cancer-free men were analyzed for intake of selected foods, food groups, and nutrients. We found that the consumption of all types of vegetables was protective against stomach cancer. Specifically, subjects in the highest group of vegetable consumption (greater than or equal to 80 g/day) had a relative risk of 0.6 (95% confidence interval, 0.3-0.9) in comparison with nonconsumers. This statistically significant inverse trend persisted after adjustment for age at examination and cigarette-smoking status. Similar but weaker protective effects from consumption of green and cruciferous vegetables were also observed. In addition, an inverse association between stomach cancer risk and intake of fruits was noted (P = 0.05), but this inverse trend was weakened after the effect of cigarette smoking was taken into account. There were no other dietary factors significantly associated with the risk of gastric cancer.
Fabrication and characterization of nanocomposites with high-impact polystyrene and hydroxyapatite with well-defined polystyrene <i>via</i> ATRP (2011)

An efficient technique for the SI-ATRP of PS at the HAP surfaces was achieved through immobilization of the macroinitiator (BIBB). FTIR, TGA, NMR, and TEM studies confirmed that the modified individual nanoparticles composed of a HAP core and well-defined, densely grafted outer PS, which demonstrated that the surface of HAP was grafted with polymer chains successfully. Then, HAP/HIPS nanocomposites with different loadings of pristine HAP and modified HAP were prepared by solution mixing. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites increased remarkably by introducing surface-coated nanoparticles due to the strong interfacial interaction and good compatibility between the two components, which was further confirmed by the SEM images of the brittle fracture face of the nanocomposites. Compared with the corresponding HIPS samples, DSC results demonstrated that the HAP/HIPS nanocomposites exhibited higher glass transition temperature ( T g ).
The Authoritative Moment: Exploring the Boundaries of Interpretation in the Recognition of Queer Families (2006)

This article examines the boundaries of judicial interpretation as courts struggle to define the families formed by lesbians, gay men and transexuals. It compares the jurisprudence of numerous state courts examining queer families in different contexts. The article identifies three interwoven components of judicial reasoning: "lex" reasoning, grounded in the jurisdiction's binding and persuasive law; factual reasoning in which the courts must categorize queer families as analogous to those the law already recognizes or instead as something quite new and distinct; and finally methodological reasoning, in which courts self-consciously examine the boundaries of their own interpretive authority. Showing that in comparable situations courts can come to radically diverging conclusions simply by focusing their attention on differing strands of the reasoning essential to defining "family" in a queer context, the article concludes that the distinction between "activist" judges expanding law to incorporate LGBT families and "conservative" judges reading extant law narrowly, hence inevitably excluding them, is, at best, illusory.
Design of GF(2 <i> <sup>m</sup> </i> ) multiplier usingits subfields (1998)

A design method of a GF(2m) multiplier using its subfields is presented. This method can be used to construct a sequential logic multiplier using a bit-parallel multiplier for its subfield. It has an advantageous feature, namely that a trade-off between hardware complexity and delay time can be achieved.
Fuzzy Distance Estimation for a Fish Robot (2005)

We designed and implemented fish robots for various purposes such as autonomous navigation, maneuverability control, posture balancing and improvement of quick turns in a tank of 120 X 120 X 180cm size. Typically, fish robots have 30-50 X 15-25 X 10-20cm dimensions; length, width and height, respectively. It is essential to have the ability of quick and smooth turning to avoid collision with obstacles or walls of the water pool at a close distance. Infrared distance sensors are used to detect obstacles, magneto-resistive sensors are used to read direction information, and a two-axis accelerometer is mounted to compensate output of direction sensors. Because of the swing action of its head due to the tail fin movement, the outputs of an infrared distance sensor contain a huge amount of noise around true distances. With the information from accelerometers and e-compass, much improved distance data can be obtained by fuzzy logic based estimation. Successful swimming and smooth turns without collision demonstrated the effectiveness of the distance estimation.
Highly dispersed ultrafine Pt and PtRu nanoparticles on graphene: formation mechanism and electrocatalytic activity (2010)

We demonstrate a robust strategy for obtaining a high dispersion of ultrafine Pt and PtRu nanoparticles on graphene by exploiting the nucleation of a metal precursor phase on graphite oxide surfaces. Our method opens up new possibilities to engineer graphene-based hybrids for applications in multifunctional nanoscale devices.
Light Acquisition and Growth by Competing Individuals in CO 2 - Enriched Atmospheres: Consequences for Size Structure in Regenerating Birch Stands (1997)

P. M. Wayne, F. A. Bazzaz, Light Acquisition and Growth by Competing Individuals in CO2- Enriched Atmospheres: Consequences for Size Structure in Regenerating Birch Stands, Journal of Ecology, Vol. 85, No. 1 (Feb., 1997), pp. 29-42
Purification and Some Properties of Cellulases from Aspergillus niger (1967)

Four types of cellulases, FI-1-b, FI-2-b, FI-2-c, and FII, were obtained from a commercial crude cellulase preparation produced from a water extract of a culture of A. niger. Ammonium sulfate fractionation and column chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-25, Amberlite IRC-50 and Hydroxylapatite were employed for the purification of these cellulases. Some properties of these enzymes were investigated: the optimum pH for the hydrolysis of glycol cellulose by FI-2-b and FI-2-c was pH 4.0 to 5.0, while that of FI-1-b was pH 2.3 to 2.5, and the optimum temperature for the activity of FI-2-b and FI-2-c was 40°C, but that of FI-1-b was 65°C. The FII seemed to be most active toward cellobiose. Studies of the mode of action on glycol cellulose indicated that A. niger cellulases seemed not to be capable of attacking highly polymerized cellulose.
Structural Basis for the Substrate Specificity of Endo-β-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosaminidase F<sub>3</sub><sup>,</sup> (2000)

Endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F(3) cleaves the beta(1-4) link between the core GlcNAc's of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides, with specificity for biantennary and triantennary complex glycans. The crystal structures of Endo F(3) and the complex with its reaction product, the biantennary octasaccharide, Gal-beta(1-4)-GlcNAc-beta(1-2)-Man-alpha(1-3)[Gal-beta(1-4)-GlcNAc-be ta(1-2)-Man-alpha(1-6)]-Man-beta(1-4)-GlcNAc, have been determined to 1.8 and 2.1 A resolution, respectively. Comparison of the structure of Endo F(3) with that of Endo F(1), which is specific for high-mannose oligosaccharides, reveals highly distinct folds and amino acid compositions at the oligosaccharide recognition sites. Binding of the oligosaccharide to the protein does not affect the protein conformation. The conformation of the oligosaccharide is similar to that seen for other biantennary oligosaccharides, with the exception of two links: the Gal-beta(1-4)-GlcNAc link of the alpha(1-3) branch and the GlcNAc-beta(1-2)-Man link of the alpha(1-6) branch. Especially the latter link is highly distorted and energetically unfavorable. Only the reducing-end GlcNAc and two Man's of the trimannose core are in direct contact with the protein. This is in contrast with biochemical data for Endo F(1) that shows that activity depends on the presence and identity of sugar residues beyond the trimannose core. The substrate specificity of Endo F(3) is based on steric exclusion of incompatible oligosaccharides rather than on protein-carbohydrate interactions that are unique to complexes with biantennary or triantennary complex glycans.
Long-chain Derivatives of Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides. (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLong-chain Derivatives of Monosaccharides and Oligosaccharides.G. R. AmesCite this: Chem. Rev. 1960, 60, 6, 541–553Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60208a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60208a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retraining Automatic Action Tendencies Changes Alcoholic Patients’ Approach Bias for Alcohol and Improves Treatment Outcome (2011)

This study tested the effects of a new cognitive-bias modification (CBM) intervention that targeted an approach bias for alcohol in 214 alcoholic inpatients. Patients were assigned to one of two experimental conditions, in which they were explicitly or implicitly trained to make avoidance movements (pushing a joystick) in response to alcohol pictures, or to one of two control conditions, in which they received no training or sham training. Four brief sessions of experimental CBM preceded regular inpatient treatment. In the experimental conditions only, patients' approach bias changed into an avoidance bias for alcohol. This effect generalized to untrained pictures in the task used in the CBM and to an Implicit Association Test, in which alcohol and soft-drink words were categorized with approach and avoidance words. Patients in the experimental conditions showed better treatment outcomes a year later. These findings indicate that a short intervention can change alcoholics' automatic approach bias for alcohol and may improve treatment outcome.
Sound Source Localization Based on Audio-visual Information for Intelligent service Robots (2007)

In this paper, we present an Sound Source Localization (SSL) based on audio-visual information with robot auditory system for a network-based intelligent service robot. The main goal of this paper is to combine audiovisual-based Human-Robot Interaction (HRl) components that can naturally interact between human and robot for SSL. The proposed approach includes two main steps. The first step performs speech recognition and sound localization to know whether the user calls the robot or not as well as the direction of the caller respectively, when someone calls robot's name. Here sound localization is based on GCC(Generalized Cross-Correlation)-PHAT(phase Transform) by frequency characteristics. In the second step, a robot moves forward to the caller based on face detection. The robot platform used in this work is wever-R2, which is a network-based intelligent service robot developed at Intelligent Robot Research Division in ETRI. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is compared with audio-based SSL itself.
Strong Photoluminescence Enhancement of MoS<sub>2</sub> through Defect Engineering and Oxygen Bonding (2014)

We report on a strong photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of monolayer MoS2 through defect engineering and oxygen bonding. Micro-PL and Raman images clearly reveal that the PL enhancement occurs at cracks/defects formed during high-temperature annealing. The PL enhancement at crack/defect sites could be as high as thousands of times after considering the laser spot size. The main reasons of such huge PL enhancement include the following: (1) the oxygen chemical adsorption induced heavy p doping and the conversion from trion to exciton; (2) the suppression of nonradiative recombination of excitons at defect sites, which was verified by low-temperature PL measurements. First-principle calculations reveal a strong binding energy of ∼2.395 eV for an oxygen molecule adsorbed on a S vacancy of MoS2. The chemically adsorbed oxygen also provides a much more effective charge transfer (0.997 electrons per O2) compared to physically adsorbed oxygen on an ideal MoS2 surface. We also demonstrate that the defect engineering and oxygen bonding could be easily realized by mild oxygen plasma irradiation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy further confirms the formation of Mo-O bonding. Our results provide a new route for modulating the optical properties of two-dimensional semiconductors. The strong and stable PL from defects sites of MoS2 may have promising applications in optoelectronic devices.
Interaction and Activation of Carbon–Heteroatom π Bonds with a Zr/Co Heterobimetallic Complex (2014)

Single-electron transfer from the ZrIVCo–I heterobimetallic complex (THF)Zr(MesNPiPr2)3Co-N2 (1) to benzophenone was previously shown to result in the isobenzopinacol product [(Ph2CO)Zr(MesNPiPr2)3Co-N2]2 (4) via coupling of two ketyl radicals. Thermolysis of 4 led to cleavage of the C═O bond to generate a Zr/Co μ-oxo species featuring an unusual terminal Co═CPh2 carbene linkage (3). In this work monomeric ketyl radical complexes have been synthesized, and the reactivity of these compounds has been explored. The electronic preference for the formation of a ketyl radical complex or a coordination complex has been investigated computationally. Furthermore, thione substrates were allowed to react with 1, generating new complexes that bind the thione to the Co rather than undergoing single-electron transfer (12, 14). The preference of thiones to coordinate to Co can be overridden if the Co is ligated by CO, in which case a thioketyl radical complex forms (13) analogous to 4. The reaction between 1 and imines resulted in N–H bond activation, affording a μ-methyleneamido Co–H complex (16) that can undergo cyclometalation and loss of H2 (15).
Automatic Resource Scaling Based on Application Service Requirements (2012)

Web applications play a major role in various enterprise and cloud services. With the popularity of social networks and with the speed at which information can be disseminate around the globe, online systems need to face ever growing, unpredictable peak load events. Auto-scaling technique provides on-demand resources according to workload in cloud computing system. However, most of the existing solutions are subject to some of the following constraints: (1) replying on user-provided scaling metrics and threshold values, (2) employing the simple Majority Vote scaling algorithm, which is ineffective for scaling Web applications, and (3) lack of capability for predicting workload changes. In this work, we develop an auto-scaling system, WebScale, which is not subject to the aforementioned constraints, for managing resources for Web applications in data centers. We also compare the efficiency of different scaling algorithms for Web applications, and devise a new method for analyzing the trend of workload changes. The experiment results demonstrate that WebScale can keep the response time of Web applications low even when facing sudden load changing.
Studies of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria (2001)

The outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria are highly asymmetric, with the inner leaflet composed of phospholipids and the outer leaflet mostly of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The outer membrane is thought to act as a protective and permeability barrier, but is somehow permeable to various antimicrobial peptides. To study this problem we prepared oriented multilamellae of bilayers composed of pure LPS. X-ray diffraction showed that the samples produced good spectrum. The liquid crystalline to gel transition was observed by the appearance of a sharp peak corresponding to 4.23A and coexistence of two lamellar diffraction series. Phase diagrams of mutant LPS's were constructed as functions of temperature and the level of hydration. Electron density profiles were constructed, and compared with the program calculated model electron profiles, the peak position in the electron density profile was determined as the position of the phosphate atom in LPS molecule. Inorganic ions like Sodium(Na +), Potassium(K+), and Barium(Ba++) were added into the sample. Results showed that with the presence of the ions, the phase transition temperature of LPS mutant decreased, and the ions bound to the site where the phosphate atom located. Also, beta-sheet peptide protegrin-1 was added in the LPS sample. Results implied the peptide inserted in the headgroup of the LPS bilayer.