gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detectors for polarized skylight in insects: a survey of ommatidial specializations in the dorsal rim area of the compound eye (1999)

Apart from the sun, the polarization pattern of the sky offers insects a reference for visual compass orientation. Using behavioral experiments, it has been shown in a few insect species (field crickets, honey bees, desert ants, and house flies) that the detection of the oscillation plane of polarized skylight is mediated exclusively by a group of specialized ommatidia situated at the dorsal rim of the compound eye (dorsal rim area). The dorsal rim ommatidia of these species share a number physiological properties that make them especially suitable for polarization vision: each ommatidium contains two sets of homochromatic, strongly polarization-sensitive photoreceptors with orthogonally-arranged analyzer orientations. The physiological specialization of the dorsal rim area goes along with characteristic changes in ommatidial structure, providing actual anatomical hallmarks of polarized skylight detection, that are readily detectable in histological sections of compound eyes. The presence of anatomically specialized dorsal rim ommatidia in many other insect species belonging to a wide range of different orders indicates that polarized skylight detection is a common visual function in insects. However, fine-structural disparities in the design of dorsal rim ommatidia of different insect groups indicate that polarization vision arose polyphyletically in the insects.
Manoeuvrability at High Speeds (1952)

FORTY years ago the pilots of the earliest aeroplanes were embarrassed by the very restricted speed range of their aircraft. Often the maximum level speed obtainable was a mere ten miles per hour above the stalling speed. As the art progressed the aerodynamicist and the power plant designer joined forces to raise the top speed while the invention of flaps and slots helped to offset the effects of increasing wing loading and kept the stalling speed to a reasonable value. For many years our pilots have enjoyed a comfortable speed range of several hundreds of miles per hour which even the increased stalling speed in steep turns has not seriously reduced. In the last few years, however, the pilots of the latest high speed, high flying fighters and bombers are worried by finding that the speed range of their aircraft is again becoming constrained, not only by the familiar boundaries of the stall and the maximum available speed, but by new and more fearful boundaries. What is the cause of the return of this aeronautical claustrophobia?
Massively parallel quantum computer simulator, eleven years later (2018)

A revised version of the massively parallel simulator of a universal quantum computer, described in this journal eleven years ago, is used to benchmark various gate-based quantum algorithms on some of the most powerful supercomputers that exist today. Adaptive encoding of the wave function reduces the memory requirement by a factor of eight, making it possible to simulate universal quantum computers with up to 48 qubits on the Sunway TaihuLight and on the K computer. The simulator exhibits close-to-ideal weak-scaling behavior on the Sunway TaihuLight, on the K computer, on an IBM Blue Gene/Q, and on Intel Xeon based clusters, implying that the combination of parallelization and hardware can track the exponential scaling due to the increasing number of qubits. Results of executing simple quantum circuits and Shor’s factorization algorithm on quantum computers containing up to 48 qubits are presented.
Localization based on fusion of RFID and stereo image data (2013)

A system that localizes and identifies trolleys in the entry area of a distribution center is presented in this paper. The area is monitored by an RFID reading system (consisting of four antennae and a fixed RFID reader) and an inexpensive pair of webcams. The trolleys are equipped with a passive RFID tag and an optical marker. The system uses a Particle Filter to combine Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) data from the RFID system and image data from the webcams. We propose procedures to improve RFID and camera localization accuracy. The resulting system achieves an accuracy of less than 30 cm in static and the most likely dynamic scenarios.
Multimodal Ensemble Fusion for Disambiguation and Retrieval (2016)

In this article, the authors identify the correlative and complementary relations among multiple modalities. They then propose a multimodal ensemble fusion model to capture the complementary relation and correlative relation between two modalities (images and text) and explain why this ensemble fusion model works. Experimental results on the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Image Sense Discrimination (UIUC-ISD) dataset and the Google-MM dataset show that their ensemble fusion model outperforms approaches using only a single modality for disambiguation and retrieval. Word sense disambiguation and information retrieval are the use cases they studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of their ensemble fusion model.
Skeletal Defects A Comparison of Bone Grafting and Bone Transport for Segmental Skeletal Defects (1994)

To evaluate two different methods of managing segmental skeletal defects, 15 patients treated with the open bone graft (Papineau) technique were compared with 17 patients who had intercalary bone transport (Ilizarov) management. The treatment time was identical for both groups: 1.9 months in fixation for each centimeter of defect reconstructed. Both techniques shared several fixator-associated problems such as implant site sepsis and patient discomfort. Each method of treatment, however, had its own unique problems. For the bone grafted group, limited graft availability, donor site morbidity (three patients), and graft fractures (two patients) occurred. For the bone transport group, the main problems were failure of the docking site to unite without a supplementary graft (seven patients) and joint contractures (seven patients). A new synthesis of both techniques is described.
PROSPECTS FOR RESEARCH ON NUCLEAR FUSION (1963)

The present research on nuclear fusion is reviewed with special reference to studies on continuous-operating and pulsed reactors. (auth)
Backward machine transliteration by learning phonetic similarity (2002)

In many cross-lingual applications we need to convert a transliterated word into its original word. In this paper, we present a similarity-based framework to model the task of backward transliteration, and provide a learning algorithm to automatically acquire phonetic similarities from a corpus. The learning algorithm is based on Widrow-Hoff rule with some modifications. The experiment results show that the learning algorithm converges quickly, and the method using acquired phonetic similarities remarkably outperforms previous methods using pre-defined phonetic similarities or graphic similarities in a corpus of 1574 pairs of English names and transliterated Chinese names. The learning algorithm does not assume any underlying phonological structures or rules, and can be extended to other language pairs once a training corpus and a pronouncing dictionary are available.
[The action of TSG101 on HIV-1 budding and related inhibitors]. (2008)

tsg101 gene is a newly found tumor suppressor gene whose product TSG101 has many important biological functions. Recent research of TSG101 has revealed that TSG101 aids HIV-1 budding from infected cells by attaching to Gag. HIV-1 budding is arrested in the cells with mutant TSG101 or without TSG101. So TSG101 would be a useful target for anti-HIV drug design. Now there is already some research on anti-HIV agents based on TSG101 structure. In this article the structure and function of TSG101 as well as the related inhibitors were reviewed.
Liver Cancer Detection Using Hybridized Fully Convolutional Neural Network Based on Deep Learning Framework (2020)

Liver cancer is one of the world's largest causes of death to humans. It is a difficult task and time consuming to identify the cancer tissue manually in the present scenario. The segmentation of liver lesions in CT images can be used to assess the tumor load, plan treatments predict, and monitor the clinical response. In this paper, the Hybridized Fully Convolutional Neural Network (HFCNN) has been proposed for liver tumor segmentation, which has been modeled mathematically to resolve the current issue of liver cancer. For semantic segmentation, HFCNN has been used as a powerful tool for liver cancer analysis. Whereas the CT-based lesion-type definition defines the diagnosis and therapeutic strategy, the distinction between cancer and non-cancer lesions is crucial. It demands highly qualified experience, expertise, and resources. However, a deep end-to-end learning approach to help discrimination in abdominal CT images of the liver between liver metastases of colorectal cancer and benign cysts has been analyzed. Our method includes the successful extraction of features from Inception combined with residual and pre-trained weights. Feature maps have been consistent with the original image voxel features, and The importance of features seemed to represent the most relevant imaging criteria for every class. This deep learning system shows the concept of illumination portions of the decision-making process of a pre-trained deep neural network, through an analysis of inner layers and the description of features that lead to predictions.
Metrics, Schmetrics! How The Heck Do You Determine A UAV's Autonomy Anyway (2002)

Abstract : The recently released DoD Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Roadmap discusses advancements in UAV autonomy in terms of autonomous control levels (ACL). The ACL concept was pioneered by researchers in the Air Force Research Laboratory's Air Vehicles Directorate who are charged with developing autonomous air vehicles. In the process of developing intelligent autonomous agents for UAV control systems we were constantly challenged to tell us how autonomous a UAV is, and how do you think it can be measured? Usually we hand-waved away the argument and hoped the questioner will go away since this is a very subjective, and complicated, subject, but within the last year we've been directed to develop national intelligent autonomous UAV control metrics - an IQ test for the flyborgs, if you will. The ACL chart is the result. We've done this via intense discussions with other government labs and industry, and this paper covers the agreed metrics (an extension of the OODA - observe, orient, decide, and act - loop) as well as the precursors, dead-ends, and out-and-out flops investigated to get there.
Cloud based big data infrastructure: Architectural components and automated provisioning (2016)

This paper describes the general architecture and functional components of the cloud based Big Data Infrastructure (BDI). The proposed BDI architecture is based on the analysis of the emerging Big Data and data intensive technologies and supported by the definition of the Big Data Architecture Framework (BDAF) that defines the following components of the Big Data technologies: Big Data definition, Data Management including data lifecycle and data structures, Big Data Infrastructure (generically cloud based), Data Analytics technologies and platforms, and Big Data security, compliance and privacy. The paper provides example of requirements analysis and implementation of two bioinformatics use cases on cloud and using SlipStream based cloud applications deployment and management automation platform being developed in the CYCLONE project. The paper also refers to importance of standardisation of all components of BDAF and BDI and provides short overview of the NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework (BDIF). The paper discusses importance of automation of all stages of the Big Data applications developments, deployment and management and refers to existing cloud automation tools and new developments in the SlipStream cloud automation platform that allows multi-cloud applications deployment and management.
In vitro and in vivo activity of 1-aryl-3-(2-chloroethyl) urea derivatives as new antineoplastic agents. (1988)

A few 1-aryl 3-(2-chloroethyl)ureas (CEU) were synthesized and screened in vitro for their cytotoxicity. Some of these derivatives were assayed for their mutagenicity, their in vivo toxicity and their antineoplastic activity. Methyl 4-(p-(3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) phenyl) butyrate, 4-methyl and 4-tertbutyl (3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) phenyl) butyrate, 4-methyl and 4-tert-butyl (3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) benzene had an ID50 of 28, 20 and 4 microM respectively when tested on LoVo cells, while chlorambucil (CBL) and CCNU had an ID50 of 21 and 45 microM. These 3 chloroethyl urea derivatives were not toxic when injected i.p. at doses up to 220 mg/kg, whereas chlorambucil was already toxic at 18.5 mg/kg. The survival time of BDF1 mice bearing L1210 leukemia tumors was significantly enhanced by intraperitoneal injections of CBL and CEU. The most cytotoxic derivative (tert-butyl derivative) gave the best antineoplastic activity with a median survival time 1.77 times that of the control at 10 mg/kg/day and was not toxic, whereas CBL at this concentration enhanced survival time by a factor of 1.6 and presented important side effects. The 4-tert-butyl (3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) benzene and the methyl 4-(p-(3-(2-chloroethyl) ureido) phenyl) butyrate showed no mutagenicity when assayed on TA-97, TA-98, TA-100 and TA-102, four strains of S. thyphimurium, while CBL had a weak effect on TA-102 and CCNU was highly mutagenic on TA-100 and TA-102.
Regulation of veterinary biological products for fish in the United States. (1997)

The USDA regulates veterinary biological products for fish in the U.S. to ensure that they are pure, safe, potent and efficacious, and not worthless, contaminated, dangerous, or harmful. To market a biological, USDA establishment and product licences (for U.S. biologicals manufacturers) or a USDA permit (for U.S. representatives of biologicals manufacturers abroad) are required. The USDA will issue the appropriate licences or permit following submission of acceptable documentation by the applicant, inspection of production facilities and confirmatory testing by the USDA.
A heterogeneous processing (HP) framework for multimedia query processing (2002)

Defines a novel system based on a hierarchical computational and data abstraction model to handle multimedia queries involving face recognition, scene matching, and speech recognition. For this purpose, the system integrates the state-of-the-art research in diverse areas of the computational sciences, including parallel processing, computer vision and image processing, artificial intelligence, multimedia databases, and speech and signal processing. This system uses a heterogeneous processing framework consisting state-of-the-art image understanding and signal processing algorithms in addition to content-based retrieval techniques. These algorithms comprise of parallel coarse-grained (MIMD) symbolic and fine-grained (SIMD) numeric algorithms at various levels of this hierarchical model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of the Spacer Length of Glycolipid Receptors in Polydiacetylene Vesicles on the Colorimetric Detection of <i>Escherichia </i><i>c</i><i>oli</i> (2000)

In the present study, the influences of the spacer length of the glycolipid receptors as well as the different diacetylenic lipid matrixes in color changeable polydiacetylenic vesicles on the detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were studied. The experimental results demonstrated that the glycolipids with longer spacer would be benefit to detecting E. coli. As a matrix lipid for colorchangeable polymer vesicles to detect E. coli, 2,4-heneicosadiynoic acid (HCDA), which has a shorter hydrophobic chain than 2,4-tricosadiynoic acid (TCDA), was more sensitive. The color change of the polymer vesicle solution using HCDA or TCDA as matrix was rapid, changing about 70−90% within 20 s, and nearly finishing in 2 min.
A flexible chemical vapor deposition method to synthesize copper@carbon core–shell structured nanowires and the study of their structural electrical properties (2012)

Copper@carbon nanowires (NWs) or nanorods (NRs) with outer diameters between 30 and 90 nm and lengths ranging from 700 nm up to 10 μm have been prepared with high yield via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method followed by thermal decomposition of copper(II)-acetylacetonate. The morphology and microstructure of the Cu@C NWs/NRs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and tunneling electron microscopy (TEM), which suggest that these as-grown copper cores with graphite carbon encapsulated inside showed one tip closed and another tip open-ended. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis data indicate that the Cu@C NWs/NRs are free of any contamination, while the electron diffraction (ED) analysis revealed the NWs/NRs to be single crystals. Raman spectra of the deposits obtained with increasing reaction temperature show the transformation tendency from graphite carbon to amorphous carbon. The nanowire/rod growth mechanism has also been discussed. Moreover, Cu@C NWs/NRs are transformed into empty carbon nanotubes with Cu nanoparticles attached to the end after a thermal treatment above 800 °C. This conversion process is of great importance for reuse and recycling of nanomaterials. In addition, electronic transport properties of single nanowire have also been discussed.
Personalized Recommendation System for E-Commerce Based on Psychological Community (2009)

This paper attempts to do a research on personalized recommendation in a completely original way-a recommendation based on psychological community. On the basis of concept of psychology and theory of artificial psychology, we provide two methods to quantify personal psychological properties: client remark and Quantity I Theory. The system transforms a direct link between client and recommendable object into an indirect form, building psychological community between them. That is to say, no more do we seek to directly match clients with the objects they might be interested in, instead, the system sets up psychological community containing two attributes - client and recommendable object as a bridge to match the two together.
Electrophoresis separation and electrochemical detection on a novel line-based microfluidic device (2012)

This paper describes a line-based microfluidic system for rapid and low-cost electrophoresis (CE) separation and electrochemical (EC) detection of ion samples. Instead of using liquid channel for sample separation, thin polyester threads of various diameters are used as the routes for separating the samples with electrophoresis. Hot-pressed PMMA chip with protruding sleeper structures are adopted to set up the polyester threads and for electrochemical detecting the ion samples on the thread. Plasma treatment greatly improves the wetability of thin threads and surface quality of the threads. The measured electrical currents on plasma treated threads are 10 times greater than the threads without treatment. Results indicate that nice redox signals can be obtained by measuring ferric cyanide salt on the polyester thread. The estimated detection limit for EC sensing of potassium ferricyanide (K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Fe(CN) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> ) is around 50 μM. Mixed ion samples of Cl <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> , Br <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> and I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> are successfully separated and detected using the developed line-based microfluidic device.
A study on the cleaning algorithm for autonomous mobile robot under the unknown environment (2002)

So far, industrial robots have made significant contributions in manufacturing process and provided versatility to the flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). In recent years, the robot systems can be used for military purpose, medical operations, and home service as well as the previously industrial manufacturing systems. Especially, there has been an ever increasing interest in mobile robot for home services. However, issues currently being investigated for path planning of the mobile robot are concentrated to solving the problem of finding the optimal path from the initial location to the final location under the given performance indices. In this study, we propose a new cleaning algorithm for autonomous mobile robot to cover the whole closed area under the unknown environment. It is verified by computer simulation for the changing environment conditions.
A Constitutive Model for Estimating Multiaxial Notch Strains (1995)

True stress and strain components at a notch are the essential parameters for fatigue life predictions. Nonlinear finite element analysis (FEA) could be the perfect solution to the notch stress and strain calculation, but its usage may be very limited due to intensive CPU time consumption. Estimation techniques for the multiaxial notch stresses and strains from linear FEA results are important and needed. The existing approach—the Hoffmann and Seeger theory—is limited for monotonic loading cases. It appears difficult to extend its application to nonproportional and variable amplitude loading cases. A generalized method for estimating multiaxial notch stresses and strains on the basis of elastic stress solutions is presented here. This method utilizes a two-surface model with the Mroz hardening equation and the associated flow rule to simulate the local notch stress and strain responses for any geometrical constraints of specimens under monotonic, in-phase and out-of-phase loading. The uniaxial material properties associated with the two-surface model are determined by: the Neuber rule, the Glinka rule and FEA results. Comparisons are made with the notch strains calculated by nonlinear FEA and those obtained from strain gages. Reasonable correlations between the measured and predicted notch strains are observed for SAE 1045 material.