gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural changes in dog brains immediately following non-pulsatile extracorporeal circulation and prolonged anaesthesia. (1972)

The brains of dogs were examined with the electron microscope following non-pulsatile extracorporeal circulation of 1, 2 or 3 hours' duration and following 3 hours of hypotensive anaesthesia with the thoracic and pericardial cavities open. Both extracorporeal circulation and prolonged anaesthesia caused subcellular changes in nerve cells and glia in the cerebral cortex, caudate nucleus and dorsal parietal nucleus of the thalamus. The changes involved either an increase in the numbers of cytoplasmic organelles associated with cell shrinkage or a loss of cytoplasmic organelles associated with cell swelling. The main causative factor during extracorporeal circulation appears to have been non-pulsatile blood flow. Hypotension and reduced cardiac output are thought to have been responsible for the cell changes after prolonged anaesthesia.
The Plasma Time Course of Orally-Administered Cyclosporine in the Dog (1986)

The plasma concentration time course of orally-administered cyclosporine has been studied in five adult male mongrel dogs. Cyclosporine concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection. Cyclosporine plasma concentrations were below assay sensitivity within 24 hours after administration. Peak plasma concentrations ranging from 411.8 to 1735.0 ng/ml were attained between post-administration times of 1 and 2.5 hours. Areas under plasma concentration time course curves (AUC = 4.63 +/- 5.60 micrograms/ml X hr, mean +/- SD) suggest that systemic availability is highly variable between animals. Present and previous findings discourage the oral route of cyclosporine administration for canine transplant research and suggest more extensive pharmacokinetic evaluation of cyclosporine following oral administration in humans.
The Effects of Feeding Varying Amounts of Gossypol from Whole Cottonseed and Cottonseed Meal in Lactating Dairy Cows (2001)

Effects of feeding varying amounts of total gossypol from whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal were evaluated in 30 lactating Holstein cows. After a 14-d pretreatment period, cows were assigned for 42 d to one of five treatments: control (diet A); 1040 mg/kg of total gossypol, and 989 mg/kg of free gossypol from whole cottonseed (diet B); 900 mg/kg of total gossypol and 64 mg/kg of free gossypol from cottonseed meal (diet C); 960 mg/kg of total gossypol and 531 mg/kg of free gossypol with equal amounts of total gossypol from whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal (diet D); or 1922 mg/kg of total gossypol and 1050 mg/kg of free gossypol with equal amounts of total gossypol from whole cottonseed and cottonseed meal (diet E). Concentrations of plasma gossypol and its isomers were directly proportional to free gossypol intake. Plasma gossypol concentrations plateaued after 35 d on treatment, and they were highest in cows receiving diet E. At 42 d on treatment, erythrocyte fragility was higher in the cows receiving the diet E, but it did not differ among other treatments. Dry matter intakes were similar for all groups. Cows receiving diet E produced more milk and 3.5% fat-corrected milk, but milk protein content decreased. Feeding diets containing 1900 mg/kg of total gossypol and 1050 mg/kg of free gossypol for 42 d resulted in increased plasma gossypol concentrations and erythrocyte fragility, but no detrimental impact on lactation performance were observed.
Influence of processing conditions on the stability of poly(3-hexylthiophene)-based field-effect transistors (2006)

Bottom-contact organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)-2,5-diyl were fabricated under different process conditions. The devices displayed drastic differences in their ambient-air stability. Whereas it took only about 10min in air for the off current to increase by one order of magnitude in OFETs prepared with chloroform and hexamethyldisilazane, a 120min exposure to air caused only a slight degradation of OFETs prepared using 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, n-octadecyltrichlorosilane, and a heat treatment. The differences in the film surface morphology were analyzed and possible mechanisms for the enhanced stability are discussed.
Soviet Perceptions, Problems, and Opportunities in Energy (1978)

(1978). Soviet Perceptions, Problems, and Opportunities in Energy. The Washington Quarterly: Vol. 1, No. 4, pp. 65-71.
Prostaglandin E-2-9-ketoreductase in ovarian tissues (1979)

Summary. The existence of the enzyme prostaglandin E-2-9-ketoreductase which can convert prostaglandin E-2 to prostaglandin F-2α was indicated in experiments with pig and human ovarian tissues in vitro, using radioimmunoassay methods and a superfusion technique. Further studies involving radiotracer techniques demonstrated that the enzyme was localized in the high-speed (105 000 g) supernatant fraction of human, pig and rat luteal tissue and human stromal tissue. The enzyme was shown to be NADPH-dependent and its activity in luteal tissue increased in the order:pig &lt; human &lt; rat.
Calculations of and Evidence for Chain Packing Stress in Inverse Lyotropic Bicontinuous Cubic Phases (2007)

Inverse bicontinuous cubic lyotropic phases are a complex solution to the dilemma faced by all self-assembled water-amphiphile systems: how to satisfy the incompatible requirements for uniform interfacial curvature and uniform molecular packing. The solution reached in this case is for the water-amphiphile interfaces to deform hyperbolically onto triply periodic minimal surfaces. We have previously suggested that although the molecular packing in these structures is rather uniform the relative phase behavior of the gyroid, double diamond, and primitive inverse bicontinuous cubic phases can be understood in terms of subtle differences in packing frustration. In this work, we have calculated the packing frustration for these cubics under the constraint that their interfaces have constant mean curvature. We find that the relative packing stress does indeed differ between phases. The gyroid cubic has the least packing stress, and at low water volume fraction, the primitive cubic has the greatest packing stress. However, at very high water volume fraction, the double diamond cubic becomes the structure with the greatest packing stress. We have tested the model in two ways. For a system with a double diamond cubic phase in excess water, the addition of a hydrophobe may release packing frustration and preferentially stabilize the primitive cubic, since this has previously been shown to have lower curvature elastic energy. We have confirmed this prediction by adding the long chain alkane tricosane to 1-monoolein in excess water. The model also predicts that if one were able to hydrate the double diamond cubic to high water volume fractions, one should destabilize the phase with respect to the primitive cubic. We have found that such highly swollen metastable bicontinuous cubic phases can be formed within onion vesicles. Data from monoelaidin in excess water display a well-defined transition, with the primitive cubic appearing above a water volume fraction of 0.75. Both of these results lend support to the proposition that differences in the packing frustration between inverse bicontinuous cubic phases play a pivotal role in their relative phase stability.
Narrowband Interference Suppression in Wireless OFDM Systems (2009)

Signal distortions in communication systems occur between the transmitter and the receiver; these distortions normally cause bit errors at the receiver. In addition interference by other signals may add to the deterioration in performance of the communication link. In order to achieve reliable communication, the effects of the communication channel distortion and interfering signals must be reduced using different techniques. The aim of this paper is to introduce the fundamentals of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), to review and examine the effects of interference in a digital data communication link and to explore methods for mitigating or compensating for these effects.
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (2004)

A primary computational problem in kernel regression is solution of a dense linear system with the N × N kernel matrix.Because a direct solution has an O(N 3 ) cost, iterative Krylov methods are often used with fast matrix-vector products.For poorly conditioned problems, convergence of the iteration is slow and preconditioning becomes necessary.We investigate preconditioning from the viewpoint of scalability and efficiency.The problems that conventional preconditioners face when applied to kernel methods are demonstrated.A novel flexible preconditioner that not only improves convergence but also allows utilization of fast kernel matrixvector products is introduced.The performance of this preconditioner is first illustrated on synthetic data, and subsequently on a suite of test problems in kernel regression and geostatistical kriging.
Disorders of the nasal valve area. (2007)

The nasal valve area is not a singular structure, but a complex three-dimensional construct consisting of several morphological structures. From the physiologic point of view, it is the place of maximum nasal flow resistance ("flow limiting segment"). Therefore, according to Poiseuille's law, even minor constrictions of this area result in a clinically relevant impairment of nasal breathing for the patient. This narrow passage, also called "ostium internum nasi", is formed by the mobile lateral nasal wall, the anterior septum with the swell body, the head of the inferior turbinate and the osseous piriform aperture. Within the framework of aetiology, static and dynamic disorders of the nasal valve area have to be distinguished since they result in different therapeutic measures. In the context of diagnosis, the exploration of the case history for assessing the patient's extent of suffering and the clinical examination are very important. In addition to the presentation of the basics of disorders of the nasal valves, this paper focuses on the treatment of dynamic disorders that mainly constitute the more important therapeutic issue. In this context, we distinguish between stabilisation techniques through grafts or implants and stabilising suture techniques. Following a thorough analysis, the correction of static nasal valve disorders requires various plastic-reconstructive measures using transposition grafting and skin or composite grafts.
The True Nature of Speech (1916)

That speech is a rapid variation in intensity of the voice and mouth-tones according to definite sound patterns called letters of the alphabet, is proved, bv showing that speech is the result of action of the mouth-parts in varying the intensity of the voice and mouth-tones, and through photographs taken with the string-galvanometer of each letter sound of the alphabet, showing definitely the characteristic variation in intensity of tone for each letter of the alphabet. From the curves, the phonographic alphabet is obtained by measuring the variations in intensity of the main tone of the record. A design for a voice-operated phonographic alphabet writing machine is described. The object of this device is to record speech automatically in ink on paper in the form of an easily read compact system of natural characters called the phonographic alphabet. Its design comprises a high-power telephone transmitter controlling electric resonator circuits, the intensity of currents in which is measured by the vibration of mirrors reflecting light upon a selenium cell connected to a special recording pen.
Incorporation of Fresh and Cryopreserved Bone in Osteochondral Autografts in the Horse (1991)

The structural integrity of subchondral bone in fresh and frozen osteochondral autografts was investigated at month 3 in 10 horses. Two osteochondral autografts were harvested from the lateral aspect of the lateral trochlear ridge of the left talus in each of 10 anesthetized horses. Grafts were frozen in 7.5% DMSO. After 14 days, the thawed grafts were press-fitted into drill holes in the trochlear ridges of the right stifles. A fresh graft from the right hock was implanted in each left stifle. To control for the effects of surgery, a fresh graft was transferred from the right stifle to the left stifle. The end result was two grafts in each femoropatellar joint. Fresh and frozen bone grafts maintained a structurally intact support for the cartilage surface. Graft stability and surface congruency were determining factors in the outcome of the grafts. Incorporation of both types of graft was complete at month 3, but remodeling of the fresh grafts was more active.
INTERNAL FUSES FOR LOW-POWER REACTORS (1953)

Research is described in the development of internal fuses for low power reactors. Only the type which uses nuclear energy to trigger an auxiliary energy soarce to complete its action was considered. It was concluded that a shaped charged in a cavity lined with poison material could be used in fast reactors. (T.R.H.)
The Effect of Strenuous Exercise, Calorie Deficiency and Sleep Deprivation on White Blood Cells, Plasma Immunoglobulins and Cytokines (1996)

Moderate exercise appears to stimulate the immune system, but there is good evidence that intense exercise can cause immune deficiency. In the present study the authors examined the effect of continuous physical exercise (35% of VO2 max), calorie deficiency and sleep deprivation on the immune system of young men participating in a 5-7 days military training course. There was a two-three fold increase of neutrophils from day 1, the values remained high and decreased slightly at the end of the course. Monocyte counts also increased with a pattern similar to that of neutrophils. Eosinophils decreased to 30% of control and lymphocyte numbers decreased by 30-40%. All the major subgroups (CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, NK cells) were reduced. Neutrophil function, as tested by measuring chemotaxis, was significantly stimulated during the first days of the course, in particular in the group with the lowest calorie intake. The mitogenic response of lymphocytes to PHA and Con A was variable, ranging from stimulation during one course to no effect in another course. Serum levels of immunoglobulins decreased significantly during the course. IgG was reduced by 6-7%, IgA by 10-20% and IgM by 20-35%. The authors found no changes of interleukin 1, 2 and 4 during the course, but a (12-20%) reduction (P less than 0.01) of interleukin 6, and an increase (P less than 0.01) of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. Altogether the results from the ranger course present a mixed-up picture. The non-specific phagocyte-related immunity was enhanced. On the other hand, the data indicate that even a moderate physical activity, around the clock, caused significant suppression of a number of parameters reflecting the status of the specific, lymphocyte-related immunity. It is noteworthy, however, that there was no significantly increased infection rate during the course or in the first 4-5 weeks thereafter.
Scheduling Decisions in Stream Processing on Heterogeneous Clusters (2014)

Stream processing is a paradigm evolving in response to well-known limitations of widely adopted MapReduce paradigm for big data processing, a hot topic of today's computer world. Moreover, in the field of computation facilities, heterogeneity of data processing clusters, intended or unintended, is starting to be relatively common. This paper deals with scheduling problems and decisions in stream processing on heterogeneous clusters. It brings an overview of current state of the art of stream processing on heterogeneous clusters with focus on resource allocation and scheduling. Basic scheduling decisions are discussed and demonstrated on naive scheduling of a sample application. The paper presents a proposal of a novel scheduler for stream processing frameworks on heterogeneous clusters, which employs design-time knowledge as well as benchmarking techniques to achieve optimal resource-aware deployment of applications over the clusters and eventually better overall utilization of the cluster.
Emergence of New Project Teams from Open Source Software Developer Networks: Impact of Prior Collaboration Ties (2008)

Recent years have witnessed a surge in self-organizing voluntary teams collaborating online to produce goods and services. Motivated by this phenomenon, this research investigates how these teams are formed and how individuals make decisions about which teams to join in the context of open source software development (OSSD). The focus of this paper is to explore how the collaborative network affects developers' choice of newly initiated OSS projects to participate in. More specifically, by analyzing software project data from real-world OSSD projects, we empirically test the impact of past collaborative ties with and perceived status of project members in the network on the self-assembly of OSSD teams. Overall, we find that a developer is more likely to join a project when he has strong collaborative ties with its initiator. We also find that perceived status of the noninitiator members of a project influences its probability of attracting developers. We discuss the implications of our results with respect to self-organizing teams and OSSD.
The Greatest of a Finite Set of Random Variables (1961)

The variables ξ 1 , …, ξ n have a joint normal distribution. We are concerned with the calculation or approximation of max(ξ 1 , …, ξ n ). Current analyses and tables handle the case in which the ξ ı are independently distributed with common expected values and common variances. This paper presents formulas and tables for the most general case with n = 2. When n > 2, the problem becomes cumbersome. This paper presents formulas and tables that permit approximations to the moments in case n > 2. The moments are approximated by iteration of a three-parameter computation or, alternatively, through successive use of a three-parameter table, which is given. Recent applications of the theory are described.
LMI approach to digital redesign of linear time-invariant systems (2002)

A simple and new design methodology for the digital redesign of static state feedback controllers by using linear matrix inequalities is presented. The proposed method provides close matching of the states between the original continuous-time system and those of the digitally redesigned system with a guaranteed stability. Specifically, the digital redesign problem is reformulated as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and solved by the efficient numerical optimisation technique. The main feature of the proposed method is that the closed-loop stability of the digitally redesigned system is explicitly guaranteed within the design procedure using the LMI-based approach. A numerical example of the position control of a simple crane system is presented.
Action movies segmentation and summarization based on tempo analysis (2004)

With the advances of digital video analysis and storage technologies, also the progress of entertainment industry, movie viewers hope to gain more control over what they see. Therefore, tools that enable movie content analysis are important for accessing, retrieving, and browsing information close to a human perceptive and semantic level. We proposed an action movie segmentation and summarization framework based on movie tempo, which represents as the delivery speed of important segments of a movie. In the tempo-based system, we combine techniques of the film domain related knowledge (film grammar), shot change detection, motion activity analysis, and semantic context detection based on audio features to grasp the concept of tempo for story unit extraction, and then build a system for action movies segmentation and summarization. We conduct some experiments on several different action movie sequences, and demonstrate an analysis and comparison according to the satisfactory experimental results
Microleakage of composite resin restorations (2008)

I read with great interest the article entitled ‘Microleakage of composite resin restorations in cervical cavities prepared by Er,Cr:YSGG laser radiation’ by S Shahabi et al. which has been published in your esteemed journal (Aust Dent J 2008;53:172–175). I want to share a few of my thoughts regarding this study. It was an interesting study, but the authors can redefine the study by incorporating a few of the following criteria. First, teeth with class V cavities which have been restored with composite resin can be subjected to occlusal loading. It has been proved that teeth are subjected to heavy occlusal stresses during normal function and parafunction. These occlusal stresses cause the tooth to flex. As the tooth flexes, tensile and shear stresses are generated in the cervical region of the tooth.1 This stress may cause debonding of composite resin from the cavity margins and thereby increase microleakage. Second, instead of methylene blue dye, 2% Rhodamine B dye can be used. It presents greater diffusion on the human tooth than methylene blue dye. 2 Also, the molecules of Rhodamine B dye are small and nanometric and are optimal to stimulate enzymes and toxins of leakage resulting from bacterial metabolism. 3 Dye leakage can be conducted under vacuum pressure, since the validity of dye leakage studies has been questioned because of the possible effect of entrapped air on the ingress of the dye solution. 4 Studies have reported that vacuum pressure decreases the volume of entrapped air and allows complete dye penetration. 5 Also, the authors in this study have not mentioned which type of curing light was used, since the type of curing light accounts for the degree of polymerization shrinkage of composite resin which in turn affects the microleakage. The sectioning of the tooth in this study was done mesiodistally. How is it possible to visualize the cavity margins/walls, when the cavity was prepared on buccal or lingual surface and sectioning is done mesiodistally?
Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy and risk of AD (1999)

These results from a population-based study suggest that estrogen replacement therapy is associated with a reduced risk of AD in postmenopausal women.
[Impact of the quality of surgical treatment of subconjunctival ruptures of the sclera on their outcome]. (2006)

The paper deals with the analysis of the outcome of severe eye contusion in scleral ruptures that are subject to none or inadequate debridement. In 2004, a group of 85 patients undergone enucleation due to severe posttraumatic changes was examined to analyze the outcomes of misdiagnosis of ruptures of the scleral capsule of the eye in its contusions and penetrating wounds. Examination of the eyeball after its removal revealed different defects of the optic scleral capsule in 6 (8.2%) cases of the 85 patients undergone enucleation. Each case pointing to the undiagnosed pathology of the eye during primary debridement and surgical treatment of these patients or to the partial debridement of scleral wounds is noteworthy. It should be noted that a primary care involving debridement was delivered to virtually all patients in different ophthalmological facilities. The paper gives a detailed account of each case, by describing its history data, the state of the eye, the performed studies and operation, and presents photos demonstrating each case. In eye contusion, it is necessary to adequately evaluate its severity and to reveal the whole complex of injuries and also to pay attention to the quality of debridement of wounds since adequate containment of a wound of the eye and adaptation of its edges can preserve the eye as an organ in most given cases.