gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of three‐ and four‐helix bundle TASP molecules (2002)

We have designed, synthesized and characterized three- and four-helix bundle template-assembled synthetic proteins CTASPs). The TASPs were synthesized using disulphide bonds between the peptides and either the cyclotribenzylene (CTB) template, or the cavitand (BOWL) template, to form the three- and four helix bundles, respectively. The TASPs were constructed using peptides that were linked via their N-termini (peptide CGGGEELLKKXEELLKKG, where X = L, I, Nle or V), or via their C-termini (peptide GEELLKKLEELLKKGGGC). Each TASP was assayed for its structure, stability, 'native-like' characteristics and whether it was a monomer in solution. All TASPs were found to be highly helical, and highly resistant to chemical denaturation using guanidine hydrochloride (GnHCl). Analysis of the GnHCl-induced unfolding curves of the different TASPs demonstrated stability differences based on the number of helices in the bundle, the end of the helix that was attached to the template, and the identity of the core amino acid. The TASPs all had molten-globule structure, which is (generally) consistent with a degenerate sequence in the core. The four-helix bundle TASPs appeared to be monomers in solution, whereas there is some evidence that the three-helix bundle TASPs are weakly self-associating.
Purification of Pneumolysin (1971)

A procedure for the purification of pneumolysin has been developed. Its use results in a 96-fold increase in specific activity from the original crude pneumococcal extract to the final purified product. The purified material is heat-labile and is inactivated by trypsin and cholesterol; inactivation by p -hydroxymercuribenzoate can be reversed by mercaptoethanol. Intravenous administration of the material to rabbits results in crenation, increased osmotic fragility, and intravascular lysis of the erythrocytes of the animal.
Effectiveness of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 Variants (2021)

The messenger RNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer–BioNTech) has 95% efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Qatar launched a mass immunization campaign with this vaccine on December 21, 2020. As of March 31, 2021, a total of 385,853 persons had received at least one vaccine dose and 265,410 had completed the two doses. Vaccination scale-up occurred as Qatar was undergoing its second and third waves of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which were triggered by expansion of the B.1.1.7 variant (starting in mid-January 2021) and the B.1.351 variant (starting in mid-February 2021). The B.1.1.7 wave peaked during the first week of March, and the rapid expansion of B.1.351 started in mid-March and continues to the present day. Viral genome sequencing conducted from February 23 through March 18 indicated that 50.0% of cases of Covid-19 in Qatar were caused by B.1.351 and 44.5% were caused by B.1.1.7. Nearly all cases in which virus was sequenced after March 7 were caused by either B.1.351 or B.1.1.7.
Macroscopic Resonant Tunneling of Magnetization in Ferritin (1997)

We report experimental evidence of macroscopic quantum tunneling in antiferromagnetic particles. The zero-field maximum in the dependence of the magnetic relaxation rate on the magnetic field in ferritin has been observed. This observation provides a new insight into the origin of the nonmonotonic field dependence of the blocking temperature reported recently by Gider et al. [J. Appl. Phys. 79, 5324 (1996)] and by Friedman et al. (unpublished). We argue that the effect comes from the resonant spin tunneling between matching spin levels and cannot be due to the interparticle interactions. Our findings are in agreement with the tunneling interpretation of earlier experiments in ferritin by Awschalom et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3092 (1992)].
The Hurler Corrective Factor (1971)

Abstract The factor which corrects the abnormal mucopolysaccharide metabolism of Hurler fibroblasts (Hurler factor) has been purified 1000-fold from normal human urine. The Hurler factor behaves at high salt concentration as a protein of molecular weight of 87,000, as determined by chromatography on Sephadex G-200; at low salt concentration, it tends to aggregate and become inactive. Two major peaks of corrective activity can be separated by hydroxylapatite chromatography. Experiments with whole cells indicate that Hurler factor accelerates degradation of stored sulfated mucopolysaccharide and that the effect of exogenously supplied Hurler factor persists in Hurler fibroblasts with a half-life of at least 9 days. Hurler factor is distinct from the common lysosomal hydrolases, including β-galactosidase.
Chronic dry eye and regression after laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia (2004)

The risk for refractive regression after LASIK was increased in patients with chronic dry eye.
CHRONOMERGE: An Application for the Merging and Display of Multiple Time-Stamped Data Streams (1998)

CHRONOMERGE is a database application that facilitates merging and display of multiple time-stamped data streams. Each stream is a table containing time-stamped values of one or more parameters (such as a panel of laboratory tests) for multiple patients, and is typically created by querying a clinical data respiratory. The data within a single stream therefore represent a pool of multiple time series. The merge operation is complex because of the numerous options to be considered, such as the granularity of the time interval for merge, and the choice of statistical aggregates. CHRONOMERGE combines multiple streams into a single stream based on patient and time, or time alone (if aggregates are to be computed across patients). It allows specification of various options through a graphical user interface and generates appropriate SQL code (or invokes procedural routines) to perform the merge. The resultant stream, or subsets of it, can then be displayed graphically. CHRONOMERGE is intended to facilitate the analysis of time-stamped data that have been extracted from repositories when standard tools (such as the time-series modules of statistics packages) are inadequate.
Impact of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Patients with Severe Head Injury (2004)

VAP does not seem to be associated with a significantly increased risk of death in patients with severe HI, but it may be associated with greater morbidity during the ICU stay.
Generation of high power optical signals for 10–100 GHz optical transmission (1987)

A new technique has been developed for generation of high power optical signals in the 10–100 GHz frequency range using a single frequency modulated semiconductor laser and an interferometer. This technique offers a practical method for microwave carrier frequency optical communications and for distribution of microwave frequency local oscillator signals.
Die En‐Reaktion (1969)

Abstract Unter „En‐Reaktionen”︁ versteht man die indirekte substituierende Addition einer Verbindung mit Doppelbindung (Enophil) an ein Olefin mit allylischem Wasserstoff (En). Lange Zeit stand die En‐Reaktion im Schatten der verwandten Diels‐Alder‐Addition. In diesem Aufsatz wird gezeigt, daß das Anwendungsgebiet der En‐Reaktion von industriellen bis zu biosynthetischen Prozessen reicht. Einer Zusammenstellung der präparativen Aspekte folgte eine Diskussion des Reaktionsmechanismus.
The association between corporate governance attributes and audit fees in Malaysia : ethnicity implications (2009)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis study extends the literature on audit pricing by examining the relationship between audit fees and corporate governance factors, namely audit committee and CEO characteristics of 605 public-listed companies in Malaysia. The study specifically investigates the association between audit fees and the ethnicity attributes of the CEO (bumiputra or not) and audit committee members (i.e. proportion of bumiputra membership), as well as audit committee characteristics pertaining to the proportion of independent members, financial expertise and diligence. The findings indicate audit committee independence is significantly and positively associated with audit fees, while financial expertise has a negative association with audit fees. We however do not find any relationship between audit fees and audit committee diligence as measured by meeting frequency. In addition, the data also reveals that firms with bumiputra CEOs and bumiputra dominated audit committees hold significant and positive relationships with audit fees.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Effect of Plasma Fibronectin, Macrophages, and Glycosaminoglycans on Tumor Cell Growth (1984)

Fibronectin (Fn) synergizes with macrophages (M phi) in inducing cytostasis and cytotoxicity of neoplastic cells in culture. Since heparin enhances Fn's opsonic activity in many systems, we investigated its effect on Fn-macrophage synergy in cytostasis. MCG-T14 (a spontaneous mouse mammary adenocarcinoma) cells (4 X 10(4] were added to wells both with and without C. parvum activated M phi monolayers. To these cultures were added increasing concentrations of Fn with or without heparin. Fn synergizes with both M phi S and heparin in inhibiting tumor cell growth. The combined cytostatic effect of Fn, heparin and M phi S is more than additive. In other experiments, MCG-T14 cells were pre-incubated for 2 hr with Fn, washed free of Fn, and treated as above. The results of these experiments were similar to coculture experiments, but the effect of heparin was even more pronounced. Dermatan sulfate and hyaluronic acid had a variable effect on Fn and Fn-macrophage induced cytostasis.
Effect of the hydration on the biomechanical properties in a fibrin‐agarose tissue‐like model (2013)

The effect of hydration on the biomechanical properties of fibrin and fibrin-agarose (FA) tissue-like hydrogels is reported. Native hydrogels with approximately 99.5% of water content and hydrogels with water content reduced until 90% and 80% by means of plastic compression (nanostructuration) were generated. The biomechanical properties of the hydrogels were investigated by tensile, compressive, and shear tests. Experimental results indicate that nanostructuration enhances the biomechanical properties of the hydrogels. This improvement is due to the partial draining of the water that fills the porous network of fibers that the plastic compression generates, which produces a denser material, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. Results also indicate that the characteristic compressive and shear parameters increase with agarose concentration, very likely due to the high water holding capacity of agarose, which reduces the compressibility and gives consistency to the hydrogels. However, results of tensile tests indicate a weakening of the hydrogels as agarose concentration increases, which evidences the anisotropic nature of these biomaterials. Interestingly, we found that by adjusting the water and agarose contents it is possible to tune the biomechanical properties of FA hydrogels for a broad range, within which the properties of many native tissues fall.
414. Triethylenediamine (1,4-diazabicyclo[2,2,2]octane) and hexaethylenetetramine. Part IV. The interaction of triethylenediamine and dibromomethane, 1,2-dibromoethane, and 1,3-dibromopropane (1964)

T. P. Abbiss and F. G. Mann, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 2248 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640002248
Root zone temperature control with thermal energy storage in phase change materials for soilless greenhouse applications (2013)

A new root zone temperature control system based on thermal energy storage in phase change materials (PCM) has been developed for soilless agriculture greenhouses. The aim was to obtain optimum growing temperatures around the roots of plants. The candidate PCMs were 40% oleic acid–60% decanoic acid mixture and oleic acid alone. Field experiments with these PCMs were carried out in November 2009 with Cucurbite Pepo and March 2010 with Capsicum annum plants. No additional heating system was used in the greenhouse during these periods. In the November 2009 tests with zucchini, 40% oleic acid + 60% capric acid mixture was the PCM and a temperature increase in the PCM container (versus the control container) was measured as 1.9 °C. In our March 2010 tests with peppers, both PCMs were tried and the PCM mixture was found to be more effective than using oleic acidalone. A maximum temperature difference achieved by the PCM mixture around the roots of peppers was 2.4 °C higher than that near the control plants.
Motion and Force Estimation System of Human Fingers (2011)

This presents a motion and force estimation system of human fingers by using an Electromyography (EMG) sensor module and a data glove system to be proposed in this paper. Both EMG sensor module and data glove system are developed in such a way to minimize the number of hardware filters in acquiring the signals as well as to reduce their sizes for the wearable. Since the onset of EMG precedes the onset of actual finger movement by dozens to hundreds milliseconds, we show that it is possible to predict the pattern of finger movement before actual movement by using the suggested system. Also, we are to suggest how to estimate the grasping force of hand based on the relationship between RMS taken EMG signal and the applied load. Finally we show the effectiveness of the suggested estimation system through several experiments.
Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy Of Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids (1983)

Laser fluorescence spectroscopy of biomolecules, especially of nucleic acids and DNA-dye-complexes, is reviewed. Fluorescence measurements, energy transfer processes, and selective laser action are discussed.
Leak point pressure measurement and stress urinary incontinence. (2001)

This article reviews literature on leak point pressure (LPP) measurement as a diagnostic test for stress urinary incontinence in women. LPP is not consistently defined and techniques are not standardized, introducing variation in test results. Reproducibility of LPP is poor, both because of biological variation and variation within the test procedure itself (related in part to lack of standardization). Although not well studied, LPP values do correspond to the severity of incontinence symptoms, as a quantitative indication of the level of urethral dysfunction. However, there is no prospective evidence to support the commonly used cutoff of 60 cm H2O as an indication of intrinsic sphincter deficiency. LPP is potentially useful as a clinical and research tool for evaluating stress urinary incontinence in women. However, its use in clinical management is not well supported by evidence and further research is critically important to define its role.
Corticosteroids increase superoxide anion production by rat liver microsomes. (1975)

Superoxide anion production by liver microsomes from intact, adrenalectomized, and cortisoltreated adrenalectomized rats has been determined. The amount formed was roughly proportionate to the amount of cortisol given, and a similar response was seen in the activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase. The amount of measurable superoxide anion was markedly reduced by the addition of superoxide dismutase. The increased production of this potent free radical with cortisol therapy suggests that its formation may contribute to some of the harmful effects of corticosteroids given in more than physiologic amounts.
Tin-free radical alkylation of ketones viaN-silyloxy enamines (2006)

The radical alkylation of ketones is achieved by their conversion into corresponding N-silyloxy enamines, followed by a radical reaction with alkyl halides bearing electron-withdrawing groups.
Why are estrogen-receptor-negative breast cancers more aggressive than the estrogen-receptor-positive breast cancers? (1995)

It is well established that some of the hormone-resistant breast cancers lack functional estrogen receptor (ER) and exhibit a more aggressive metastatic phenotype. The estrogen activation of ER in ER-positive breast cancers enhances their aggressiveness, while the activation of exogenously introduced ERs into aggressive ER-negative cells diminishes their aggressiveness. The basis of the protective effect of the ER appears complex and could be due to the altered expression of genes involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and invasiveness. In this review, we propose different mechanisms for the higher aggressiveness of most of the ER-negative breast cancers.
Preparation and Characterization of Demethylated Lignin-Polyethylenimine Adhesives (2006)

Petrochemical-based adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde resins are predominant wood adhesives. In this study, a new wood adhesive from lignin was developed and characterized. The new adhesive consisted of demethylated kraft lignin (DKL), a byproduct in the production of dimethyl sulfoxide from kraft lignin, and a polyethylenimine (PEI). Lap-shear specimens bonded with this new DKL-PEI adhesive system had very high shear strength and were very water-resistant. The effects of the preparation time, the curing conditions, the total solids content of the adhesive, the DKL/PEI weight ratio and the molecular weight of PEI on the shear strength and water-resistance of the resulting lap-shear specimens were studied in detail. Investigation on the curing chemistry of this new adhesive revealed that phenolic hydroxyl groups were oxidized to form quinones that further reacted with PEI. It was proposed that the curing mechanisms of this DKL-PEI adhesive were similar to the quinone-tanning processes in nature.
FM quieting curves and related topics (1977)

This report describes the relation between readily measured frequency modulation radio transmitter and receiver parameters and the basic baseland signal and noise performance of the radio transmitter/receiver combination. Equations, graphs, and charts are provided to facilitate application.
Natriuretic Peptide Family: New Aspects (2005)

Thus far, five molecules comprise the natriuretic peptide family (NPF): ANP, urodilatin, BNP, CNP and DNP. Precursor hormones for ANP, BNP and CNP are encoded by a different gene. Final peptides are ligands for A, B and C receptors, acting the latter as a clearance receptor besides neutral endopeptidase (EC 24.11). cGMP acts as a second messenger. Natriuretic peptides (NP) have well-known functions such as natriuretic, antihypertensive and reduction of plasma renin-aldosterone concentrations. An antiinflammatory ANP potential and a pro-apoptotic action in rats endothelial cells of different NP have been described. Unlike adults, NP show a different distribution during ontogeny and a different pattern of excretion under different stimuli. Noncompetitive immunoassays have become more suitable than competitive ones for routine measurement of NP with recent advances in speed of measurement. BNP and pro-BNP are emerging as useful tools in diagnosis, management and prognosis of heart disease. Preliminary data support a role of NP in the therapy of congestive heart failure. Finally, potential therapeutic compounds of NP in different pathologies are updated with an important focus on vasopeptidase inhibitors. These are capable of strengthening NP and inhibiting renin-angiotensin system at the same time, as potential useful molecules in cardiovascular therapy.
<i>rugose</i> (<i>rg</i>), a Drosophila A kinase Anchor Protein, Is Required for Retinal Pattern Formation and Interacts Genetically With Multiple Signaling Pathways (2002)

In the developing Drosophila eye, cell fate determination and pattern formation are directed by cell-cell interactions mediated by signal transduction cascades. Mutations at the rugose locus (rg) result in a rough eye phenotype due to a disorganized retina and aberrant cone cell differentiation, which leads to reduction or complete loss of cone cells. The cone cell phenotype is sensitive to the level of rugose gene function. Molecular analyses show that rugose encodes a Drosophila A kinase anchor protein (DAKAP 550). Genetic interaction studies show that rugose interacts with the components of the EGFR- and Notch-mediated signaling pathways. Our results suggest that rg is required for correct retinal pattern formation and may function in cell fate determination through its interactions with the EGFR and Notch signaling pathways.
Role of phosphatidylinositol in attachment of alkaline phosphatase to membranes (1980)

The mechanism of release of alkaline phosphatase from membranes by phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C from Staphylococcus aureus was studied. Alkaline phosphatase was readily released from pig kidney microsomes by phospholipase C but not by a variety of other treatments, e.g., high ionic strength, extremes of pH, divalent cations, chelating agents, or analogues of the polar head group of phosphatidylinositol. Alkaline phosphatase released from microsomes by phospholipase C did not bind to phospholipid vesicles containing phosphatidylinositol. Alkaline phosphatase solubilized from microsomes by butanol extraction, however, was able to bind phospholipid vesicles even when they contained no phosphatidylinositol. The ability of butanol-extracted alkaline phosphatase to bind to phospholipid vesicles was destroyed by added phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Hydrolysis of added phosphatidylinositol by endogenous phospholipase activity in butanol extracts was also accompanied by loss of binding ability. Loss of binding ability was paralleled by a decrease in the apparent molecular weight of alkaline phosphatase. These results indicate that alkaline phosphatase is attached to membranes by a strong interaction with phosphatidylinositol.
Alignment of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in a polyethylene matrix by extrusion shear flow: mechanical properties enhancement (2010)

This article discusses the effect of shear rates on the alignment of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a polyethylene (PE) matrix. Shear forces were applied with a self-constructed controllable shear extrusion system, and the degree of orientation of the MWCNTs was analyzed through image analysis of the microtome sectioned surfaces. Partially aligned MWCNTs in a PE matrix are successful fabricated in this study. It was found that the degree of alignment was increased by increasing shear rates, and an optimal shear rate was discovered. Tensile test results indicate that the mechanical properties of composites increase with an increasing degree of CNTs alignment. A partially aligned MWCNTs PE composite exhibited greater mechanical properties than randomly oriented MWCNTs. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that MWCNTs alignment by shear flow extrusion played a major role in mechanical property enhancement as compared to the crystallization effect of the polymer.
[Laparoscopic surgery. Does smoke transport cells?]. (1997)

The study was designed to test the hypothesis that whole cells can be carried as an aerosol in the pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopy. Twelve patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for benign and metastatic disease were included in the study. Throughout the 12 procedures, the smoke and the gas of the pneumoperitoneum was evacuated through 17 filters. Twelve filters and the tubing were washed. The liquid was centrifuged and stained immunocytochemically to identify the cells. Five other filters were also photographed with an electron microscope. On immunocytochemistry, nine of the twelve samples were identified as mesothelial in origin and the electron micrograph show many other cells stuck to the filter which appeared to be blood cells and mesothelial cells. Malignant cells were not conclusively identified, but ethical considerations prevented any intentional coagulation of malignant tissue. The presence of whole identifiable cells in the pneumoperitoneum could partly explain, port site metastasis after laparoscopic surgery for cancer.