gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Completion Techniques in Naturally Fractured Carbonates in Southern Mexico (2000)

Abstract Integrating the practices of locating, selecting, and acidizing fractures into one focused approach has provided successful results in wells in southern Mexico. Previously these methods handled independently have yielded unpredictable results. The standard methods of locating fractures within a naturally fractured carbonate do not inherently help in determining which are the important fractures in the geological system. Neither do they indicate which fractures are actually open at a useful distance beyond the borehole wall and will be the main production contributors. Often the drilling processes make both minor and major fractures appear to have equal importance. In southern Mexico, this network of fractures requires a combination approach to evaluate the candidates. This paper explains how combinations of deeper investigating NMR response, conventional logs, and image logs can be combined to narrow the selection of key fractures. Focusing the subsequent completions on specific fractures allow more investment in actual productive intervals making the stimulation more effective. Concentrating on the properties of the fractures rather than the host rock enhances the stimulation with the new acid systems available. Focusing on the fractures that will take most of the acid during a stimulation job allows decisions to be made about perforation planning with respect to the other reservoir properties. Perforating decisions and or acid stimulation planning can be used to enhance the fractures not normally sufficiently stimulated. This also allows the decision criteria for perforating to be based around enhancement and final production. Case histories, exclusively from Mexico, demonstrating this technique will be presented, as well as examples of other practices and the results.
Protein Kinase C-mediated Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor Sequestration Is Associated with Uncoupling of Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis (1989)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) regulates pituitary gonadotropin release by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism involving receptor-mediated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Previous studies indicate that activation of pituitary protein kinase C (PKC), while not required for acute gonadotropin release in response to GnRH, is likely involved in the chronic regulation of gonadotrope responsiveness. Studies from our laboratory have shown that activation of PKC by phorbol esters produces both the uncoupling of GnRH-stimulated phosphoinositide hydrolysis and the selective enhancement of GnRH agonist binding in pituitary cell cultures. In the present work, we have examined the possibility that these processes are related in mechanism. Dissociation of bound agonist radioligand at 23 degrees C was found to be reduced in the presence of phorbol esters, and ligand bound in the presence of phorbol ester was resistant to displacement by competing ligands at 4 degrees C. However, agonist bound in the presence of phorbol ester was dissociable by subsequently washing cells at pH 3. Receptor photoaffinity labeling studies confirmed that agonist association with membrane component(s) identified as the GnRH receptor was increased in the presence of phorbol ester. These results suggest that, in the presence of a phorbol ester PKC activator, agonist-occupied GnRH receptors remain at the cell surface, but are sequestered in some manner. In other experiments, cell preloaded with [3H]inositol were treated with GnRH agonist ligand and phorbol ester at 4 degrees C to form a pool of sequestered, agonist-occupied receptors, and then displaceable (nonsequestered) agonist was removed by incubation with antagonist ligand. After addition of LiCl and warming to 37 degrees C, [3H]inositol phosphate production (an index of phosphoinositide hydrolysis) in phorbol ester-treated cells was reduced to 67% of vehicle control, although residual specific agonist binding had been increased to greater than 300% of control. The appearance of sequestered receptors and inhibition of [3H]inositol phosphate production had similar phorbol ester concentration dependencies. These results suggest that the same agonist-occupied GnRH receptors sequestered as a result of PKC activation also are preferentially uncoupled from phosphoinositide hydrolysis.
A Fieldable-Prototype, Large-Area, Gamma-Ray Imager for Orphan Source Search (2008)

We have constructed a unique instrument for use in the search for orphan sources. The system uses gamma-ray imaging to ldquosee throughrdquo the natural background variations that effectively limit the sensitivity of current devices. The imager is mounted in a 4.9-m-long trailer and can be towed by a large personal vehicle. Source locations are determined both in range and along the direction of travel as the vehicle moves. A fully inertial platform coupled to a Global Positioning System receiver is used to map the gamma-ray images onto overhead geospatial imagery. The resulting images provide precise source locations, allowing rapid follow-up work. The instrument simultaneously searches both sides of the street to a distance of 50 m (100-m swath) for millicurie-class sources with excellent performance as determined using source injection studies and receiver-operator-characteristic techniques.
Physical properties of the superconducting Ta film absorber of an X-ray photon detector (2003)

We have developed single-photon 1-D imaging detectors based on superconducting tunnel junctions. The devices have a Ta film with an Al/AlO/sub x//Al tunnel junction on each end and a Nb contact in the center. The best energy resolution of this kind of detector is 13 eV for 5.9 keV X-ray photons. Two devices with different lengths: 500 and 1000 /spl mu/m are measured to study the nonequilibrium quasiparticle dynamics in the superconducting Ta film. The diffusion constant and lifetime of quasiparticles in the Ta films have been derived by fitting the measured current pulses to the model. The comparison of the simulation and measurement results proves that the quasiparticle loss is not primarily due to the Nb ground contact in the center of the Ta absorber, but is due to the uniform nonthermal loss in the Ta film. The Nb ground contact does contribute to the broadening of the energy width in the center of the Ta film.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Aminosulfenylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes (2008)

Domino theory: A simple, highly enantioselective organocatalytic aminosulfenylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes affords orthogonally protected β-amino-α-mercaptoaldehydes in high yields and 93 to >99 % ee (see scheme, Bn=benzyl). Notably, the catalytic transformation shows that it is possible to efficiently employ all components of an electrophile, which includes a nucleofuge, in organocatalytic domino reactions of enals. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Preparation of Y<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Ca<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>4</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (0≤<i>x</i>≤0.1) Superconductor Films by the Dipping-Pyrolysis Process (1991)

Superconducting YBa2Cu4O8 (1-2-4) films were prepared by the dipping-pyrolysis process, and effects of heat-treatment conditions and partial-substitution of Y for Ca on the product films were investigated by XRD, SEM and resistance measurement. Films of the 1-2-4 phase with Tc, zero=70K and 55K were prepared by direct heat-treatment of (Y2O3-BaCO3-CuO) precursor films (Y:Ba:Cu=1:2:4 in molar ratio) in O2 at 780°C for 24-72h followed by slow-cooling and quenching, respectively. Both the films showed metallic behavior above the transition temperatures, indicating the formation of the 1-2-4 phase. On the other hand, once a mixture of YBa2Cu3O7 (1-2-3) and CuO was formed by the heat-treatment at 820°C, p(O2)=10-3atm; or at 700°C, p(O2)=10-2-10-4atm, conversion into the 1-2-4 phase was very difficult after the subsequent heat treatment within the stability region (780°C, p(O2)=1atm) of the 1-2-4 phase. The Y1-xCax Ba2Cu4O8 (x=0.05 and 0.1) films exhibited higher Tc, onset values, however, the film of x=0.1 was found to contain only small fraction of the 1-2-4 phase. Moreover, when the Ca-containing precursor films were fired in an atmosphere with p(O2) of 10-3-10-4atm at 700°C, the product films gave an XRD pattern of (1-2-3)+(1-2-4) mixture.
Fabrication and emission property of LaC<inf>2</inf>-Mo cathode (2013)

A new kind of cathode, LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Mo cathode was prepared through spark plasma sintering method by using the mixed powder of LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> which was prepared by vacuum melting method and molybdenum. It was found that the emission properties of LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Mo cathode increases with the LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> content increasing. The emission current density of LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Mo cathode which contains 3.5wt.% LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> could reach 0.90A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 1400.b whereas that of LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Mo cathode with 10wt.% LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> could reach 3.02A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 1400.b. Richardson Work function of LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Mo with LaC <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> 3.5wt% is 2.53eV.
The Reliability of Noninvasive Continuous Finger Blood Pressure Measurement in Patients With Both Hypertension and Vascular Disease (1992)

In conditions of compromised peripheral circulation, the measurement of noninvasive continuous finger blood pressure with the Finapres device may show reduced accuracy. We therefore compared Finapres blood pressure (FINAP) with intrabrachial blood pressure (IAP) responses to the Valsalva maneuver and arising in 12 patients in whom the peripheral circulation was expected to be compromised due to the combination of therapy-resistant hypertension and vascular disease. During a 30 sec control period the FINAP--IAP differences were -15.7 +/- 18.8 mm Hg (mean +/- SD) for systolic, -20.1 +/- 15.7 mm Hg for mean, and -13.5 +/- 15.7 mm Hg for diastolic pressure. During the Valsalva maneuver and prolonged standing Finapres reproduced the essential characteristics of the changes in IAP in all patients. However, in individual patients, the magnitude of the intraarterial blood pressure response was sometimes over- or underestimated by Finapres. Nevertheless, the group averaged blood pressure, in particular mean and diastolic pressure, response to cardiovascular stimuli, was well reproduced by Finapres. In conclusion, as expected physiologically, individual Finapres measurements in patients with vascular disease do not always equal the intrabrachial pressure and should thus be evaluated with care. However, the Finapres device can be used with sufficient confidence to study the group averaged responses to cardiovascular stimuli in these patients.
Performance of aqueous hazmat foams on selected hazardous materials (1988)

Abstract This exploratory research program represents a continuing commitment that was undertaken to provide, where possible, some solution to vapor control problems through the use of special foams, equipment and technical information.
Reduced serum levels of vasostatin-2, an anti-inflammatory peptide derived from chromogranin A, are associated with the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (2012)

Vasostatin-2 has anti-inflammatory properties and is decreased in atherosclerotic plaque specimens and in PBMC of CAD patients. Decreased serum vasostatin-2 levels are associated with the presence and severity of CAD.
Diode-pumped laser amplifiers: application to 0.946  m Nd:YAG (2003)

A diode-pumped laser amplifier model is derived from first principles and applied to a Nd:YAG amplifier operating on the 4F 3/2 to 4I 9/2 transition at 0.946 μm. The effects of amplified spontaneous emission are included in the model and the addition of this effect is shown to produce better agreement with the data. The amplifier model includes effects of the transverse and longitudinal variation of the pump beam, transverse and longitudinal variation of the probe beam, and multiple passes of the probe beam. Experimental results obtained with a quasi four-level Nd:YAG amplifier operating at 0.946 μm are used to validate the model. The amplifier was evaluated as a function of the pump energy, the probe energy, the probe beam radius, the pulse repetition frequency and the temperature. For all of the experimental conditions, the experimental results and the model agree.
SGN-33 Modulates Cytokine and Chemokine Production by Activated Monocytes and Macrophages. (2006)

Abstract SGN-33, a humanized IgG1 anti-CD33 antibody that targets CD33, a sialoadhesion family member expressed on myeloid precursor cells, macrophages, and monocytes, is currently in Phase I clinical trials for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). To further characterize and define the mechanism of action of SGN-33, we undertook a series of experiments in AML cell lines and in cultures of primary normal human monocytes and macrophages. SGN-33 has previously been shown to eliminate tumor cells through antibody-mediated effector functions including Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC) and Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC). We have now demonstrated that SGN-33 binding also initiates Antibody-Dependent Cellular Phagocytosis (ADCP). Because CD33 has been hypothesized to mediate signal transduction, we explored the biochemical effects of SGN-33 binding on AML cell lines and normal monocytes and macrophages. SGN-33 binding stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of CD33 and recruitment of SHP-1, with maximal effects between 5 to 30 minutes. Initiation of signaling by SGN-33 was not dependent upon antibody crosslinking. Furthermore, SGN-33 exposure significantly reduced the syntheses of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6, IL-1b) and chemokines (RANTES, MCP-1, IL-8) by macrophages cultured in the presence of tumor cell conditioned media. Production of these cytokines by monocytes and macrophages activated in vitro by IFN-g and TGF-b were also blocked by SGN-33 binding (up to 100% reduction in TNF-a levels in vitro). These data demonstrate that the mechanisms of action of anti-CD33 immunotherapy may be broader than previously known. Because pro-inflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the growth and survival of tumor cells in patients, the capacity of SGN-33 to block these factors may yield clinical benefit. This hypothesis is currently being evaluated in clinical studies of SGN-33.
High throughput architecture for low density parity check (LDPC) encoder (2013)

This paper proposes a bit-wise matrix-vector multiplication in the optimization of a proposed low density parity check (LDPC) encoder. Investigation of this proposed architecture is done by implementing five code lengths using one IEEE 802.16e standard code rate. It is shown that the proposed architecture outperforms other works in terms of information throughput ranging from 0.235 to 8.83 times higher. In term of ratio of throughput per area, the proposed method exceeds other works in the range of 1.19 to 6.54 times higher.
Preparation of Ultra‐High‐Purity Submicron Refractory Oxides (1965)

A method was developed for preparing ultra‐ high‐purity submicron powders of refractory oxides from transition metal alkoxides. Compounds of the type M(OR) 3 and M(OR) 4 , where R is an alkyl group such as C 4 H 9 ‐, were thermally decomposed to oxides at 325° to 450°C at atmospheric pressure. Techniques were perfected to prepare, on a continuous basis, 99.95+% zirconia and hafnia with an average particle size of 100 to 200 A. The fine‐particle zirconia powder is cubic at room temperature and transforms completely to monoclinic when heated above 40O°C. The powder densifies at a considerably lower temperature than commercial spectrographic‐grade (99.9%) zirconia.
Decreased binding of apolipoprotein (a) to familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (Arg3500–>Gln). A study of the assembly of recombinant apolipoprotein (a) with mutant low density lipoproteins. (1994)

In familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 (FDB), glutamine is substituted for arginine at position 3500 of the amino acid sequence. This mutation alters the structure of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and reduces their binding to LDL receptors. We studied the assembly in vitro of FDB-LDL with two recombinant apo(a) (r-apo(a)) isoforms containing 17 or 18 kringle IV-type repeats, respectively. R-apo(a) complexed to LDL in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. When we mixed normal LDL at protein concentrations from 1 to 10 mg/liter with 200 micrograms/liter r-apo(a) and incubated for 20 h, 15-44% of r-apo(a) were bound to LDL, forming an artificial Lp(a)-like particle. With LDL from a homozygous FDB patient, only 2-16% of r-apo(a) were complexed; heterozygous FDB-LDL bound 2-30% of r-apo(a). We also studied the effect of r-apo(a) on the interaction of the monoclonal antibody MB47 with normal and mutant apoB-100. FDB-LDL displayed enhanced binding of MB47. Adducts generated from normal LDL and r-apo(a) had an increased affinity for MB47, when compared to LDL alone. In contrast, r-apo(a) did not change MB47 reactivity when incubated with FDB-LDL. Altogether, our findings suggest that domains in apolipoprotein B which are important for the interaction with the LDL receptor play a role in the assembly of Lp(a) as well. They provide, in addition, an explanation for the observation that in Lp(a) of heterozygous FDB patients, the ratio of defective to normal apoB-100 is significantly smaller than in LDL from the same patients.
Task-oriented Control of Scaled Telemanipulation System (1995)

This paper proposes an alternative control algorithm for a scaled telemanipulation system based on a task-oriented virtual tool. In the algorithm a telemanipulator is controlled so that it has aa virtual tool dynamics which is designed appropriately for a given task. The dynamics assists a human operator as a tool and the operator can execute a task easily with the tool. In addition, the motion and the force relation between the master and the slave can be specified freely by using two scaling factors; a motion scaling factor and a force scaling factor. The stability of the resultant system is analyzed based on the passivity of the system and the total stability is guaranteed for a human operator and a passive environment with unknown dynamics. The proposed control algorithm is experimentally applied to a telemanipulator. The experimental results illustrate the validity of the algorithm.
Piezoelectric inertial stepping motor with spherical rotor (1992)

A piezoelectric inertial stepping motor for multiple rotations of small optical or mechanical components has been developed. The spherical rotor can be rotated about two or three orthogonal axes. Angular step resolution of 1 arcsec is achieved and the maximum speed lies in the range of degrees per second. The design is compact and eliminates mechanical backlash. Simple electronic control is achieved with only one wire per rotational axis. Low-voltage signals between 15 and 30 V are sufficient for driving the motor. No voltage is necessary for maintaining the rotor in a static position. A first application is described with laser optics as they are used in the detector of a scanning force microscope, offering the advantage of remote controlled adjustment.
Preanalytical Confounding Factors in the Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: The Issue of Diurnal Variation (2015)

Given the growing use of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-amyloid (Aβ) and tau as biomarkers for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), it is essential that the diagnostic procedures are standardized and the results comparable across different laboratories. Preanalytical factors are reported to be the cause of at least 50% of the total variability. Among them, diurnal variability is a key issue and may have an impact on the comparability of the values obtained. The available studies on this issue are not conclusive so far. Fluctuations of CSF biomarkers in young healthy volunteers have been previously reported, while subsequent studies have not confirmed those observations in older subjects, the ones most likely to receive this test. The observed differences in circadian rhythms need to be further assessed not only in classical CSF biomarkers but also in novel forthcoming biomarkers. In this review, the existing data on the issue of diurnal variations of CSF classical biomarkers for AD will be analyzed, also evaluating the available data on new possible biomarkers.
Box Compression Strength: A Crippling Approach (2015)

A crippling analysis method has been utilized to estimate the compression strength paperboard boxes. Crippling analysis is typically utilized in the aerospace industry to predict the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures with complex cross‐sectional geometry. This type of analysis is investigated, because crippling is a simple, predictive method that can provide very good estimates of the compressive failure strength of thin, slender structures. This preliminary study investigates the possibility of applying crippling analysis to estimate paperboard box compression strength by comparing experimental and theoretical results for box compression tests of milk and cigarette boxes in various loading scenarios and with various materials. This preliminary study shows that the crippling method provides results which are almost as accurate as pre‐existing methods, although significant work remains to verify the validity and applicability of the crippling approach for paper‐based boxes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Staurosporine stimulates phospholipase D activation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1993)

Treatment of 1-O-[3H]alkyl-2-acyl-phosphatidylcholine-prelabeled human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with staurosporine (50 nM to 1 microM) induced a time- and concentration-dependent generation of tritiated phosphatidic acid (PA), reaching approximately 225% of the control value at 15-20 min. In the presence of ethanol, staurosporine induced a production of phosphatidylethanol (PEt) reaching, 250% of control values, and partial inhibition of PA production, consistent with PLD activation. The amount of ether-linked acylglycerol (EAG) was weakly enhanced (29%) after 5 min of PMN treatment; longer treatment resulted in no significant EAG production, suggesting a possible late inhibition of PA hydrolase activity. Staurosporine concentrations that induced an elevation in PA completely depressed protein kinase C (PKC) activity in both soluble and particulate cell fractions, suggesting that PLD activation may occur independently from PKC activation. PLD may thus represent a potential cellular target for staurosporine action.