gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Strategies for the Total Synthesis of Polycyclic Ether Marine Metabolites (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of <i>Src</i> in C3 transient receptor potential channel function and evidence for a heterogeneous makeup of receptor- and store-operated Ca <sup>2+</sup> entry channels (2006)

Receptor-operated Ca2+ entry (ROCE) and store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) are known to be inhibited by tyrosine kinase inhibitors and activation of C-type transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) isoform 3 (TRPC3), a cation channel thought to be involved in SOCE and/or ROCE, was recently shown to depend on src tyrosine kinase activity. What is not known is the step at which src acts on TRPC3 and whether the role for tyrosine kinases in ROCE or SOCE is a general phenomenon. Using in vitro and in cell protein-protein interaction assays we now report that src phosphorylates TRPC3 at Y226 and that formation of phospho-Y226 is essential for TRPC3 activation. This requirement is unique for TRPC3 because (i) mutation of the cognate tyrosines of the closely related TRPC6 and TRPC7 had no effect; (ii) TRPC6 and TRPC7 were activated in src-, yes-, and fyn-deficient cells; and (iii) src, but not yes or fyn, rescued TRPC3 activation in src-, yes-, and fyn-deficient cells. The Src homology 2 domain of src was found to interact with either the N or the C termini of all TRPCs, suggesting that other tyrosine kinases may play a role in ion fluxes mediated by TRPCs other than TRPC3. A side-by-side comparison of the effects of genistein (a general tyrosine kinase inhibitor) on endogenous ROCE and SOCE in mouse fibroblasts, HEK and COS-7 cells, and ROCE in HEK cells mediated by TRPC3, TRPC6, TRPC7, and TRPC5 showed differences that argue for ROCE and SOCE channels to be heterogeneous.
Molecular Epidemiology of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> among South African Gold Miners (2014)

The high M. tuberculosis genetic diversity and lack of risk factors for clustering are indicative of a universal risk for disease among gold miners and likely mixing with nonmining populations. Our results underscore the urgent need to intensify interventions to interrupt transmission across the entire gold-mining workforce in South Africa.
Spectral error characterization and database development (2002)

The authors are utilizing existing data as well as additional materials characterization to provide high resolution spectra and error statistics for a wide range of engineered and natural materials. Important aspects of the authors' methodology involve determining the variability of these measurements between samples and among different samples belonging to broad material classes (e.g., soils, rocks, construction materials, paints, etc.). The definitions of these material classes, as well as the variability of spectra within a class or subclass, are key parameters required for quantitative remote sensing and exploitation algorithms. The authors have developed methodology for analyzing material classes and error statistics to provide spectral covariance matrices which facilitate the development of optimal classifiers. The product of their program is a database of error statistics suitable for a wide variety of remote sensing applications. The methodology is also directly applicable to the definition of new classes of materials when required. To date, they have assigned over 250 material samples into 12 main categories and 55 subcategories, based upon their physical and spectral characteristics. They have identified statistical factors for soils and a variety of construction materials and fabrics. They have begun a measurement and statistical extraction program to quantify estimates of uncertainty for measured spectra. They have found that comprehensive physical and chemical descriptions are important for defining factors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microfluidic circuits and systems (2009)

The possibilities envisioned by the characterization of microfluidic systems cover a wide range of both scientific demands and industrial requirements, from life sciences to fine chemistry, from food quality to other microbiology applications. In these fields, the development of analytical methods and technological solutions oriented to the creation of a firm and structured link between models and experimentation on microfluidic systems, opens up the way for the study and characterization of microfluidic devices and phenomena from a point of view related to system and control theory.
Influence of the Centrifugal Force on the Electrical Resistivity of Carbon Black Filled Polyimide Belts in the Rotational Molding Method (2004)

The effects of the centrifugal force on the inhomogeneity of electrical resistivity and anisotropy in carbon black (CB) filled polyimide belts made by a rotational molding method were studied. High centrifugal forces produced an uneven distribution of CB which resulted in a large difference in surface resistance between the outside and the inside surfaces of the belts. In addition, CB particles with larger aggregates were oriented by the centrifugal forces. It was suggested that the uneven distribution of CB particles could be explained by Stokes' sedimentation law. It was found that the selection of acidic CB, which does not form an aggregate structure, was effective in reducing the in-plane anisotropy of the dielectric constant and resulted in a uniform electrical resistance in the belt thickness direction.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Various Genotypic Strains of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> to Pyrimethamine, Sulfadiazine, and Atovaquone (2008)

Sulfadiazine, pyrimethamine, and atovaquone are widely used for the treatment of severe toxoplasmosis. Their in vitro activities have been almost exclusively demonstrated on laboratory strains belonging to genotype I. We determined the in vitro activities of these drugs against 17 strains of Toxoplasma gondii belonging to various genotypes and examined the correlations among 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50s), growth kinetics, strain genotypes, and mutations on drug target genes. Growth kinetics were determined in THP-1 cell cultures using real-time PCR. IC50s were determined in MRC-5 cell cultures using a T. gondii-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed on cultures. Mutations in dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS), and cytochrome b genes were determined by sequencing. Pyrimethamine IC50s ranged between 0.07 and 0.39 mg/liter, with no correlation with the strain genotype but a significant correlation with growth kinetics. Several mutations found on the DHFR gene were not linked to lower susceptibility. Atovaquone IC50s were in a narrow range of concentrations (mean, 0.06 +/- 0.02 mg/liter); no mutation was found on the cytochrome b gene. IC50s for sulfadiazine ranged between 3 and 18.9 mg/liter for 13 strains and were >50 mg/liter for three strains. High IC50s were not correlated to strain genotypes or growth kinetics. A new mutation of the DHPS gene was demonstrated in one of these strains. In conclusion, we found variability in the susceptibilities of T. gondii strains to pyrimethamine and atovaquone, with no evidence of drug resistance. A higher variability was found for sulfadiazine, with a possible resistance of three strains. No relationship was found between drug susceptibility and strain genotype.
A java reference model of transacted memory for smart cards (2002)

Transacted Memory offers persistence, undoability and auditing. We present a Java/JML Reference Model of the Transacted Memory system on the basis of our earlier separate Z model and C implementation. We conclude that Java/JML combines the advantages of a high level specification in the JML part (based on our Z model), with a detailed implementation in the Java part (based on our C implementation).
ChemInform Abstract: DECOMPOSITION OF (PT(C2H4)CL2(BIPYRIDYL)) TO (PTCL2(BIPYRIDYL)) AND ETHYLENE IN DIFFERENT SOLVENTS (1976)

Abstract Kinetische Untersuchungen der Titelreaktion in 1,2‐Dichlor‐ äthan und wässrigem Methanol zeigen, daß die Reaktion in den beiden Lösungsmitteln nach verschiedenen Mechanismen abläuft.
Chemiluminescence Study on Thermal Degradation of Aircraft Tire Elastomers (1976)

Since the autoxidative process accounts in part for the degradation of rubber, including aircraft tires, it was felt that a study of the chemiluminescence from unsaturated elastomers could contribute significantly to an understanding of the degradation mechanism. The study revealed similarities in chemiluminescence behavior between four elastomers which were investigated, and it shows that similar oxidation mechanisms occur. Oxidative chemiluminescence was observed from purified samples of cis-1,4-polybutadiene, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, trans-polypentenamer, and 1,2-polybutadiene in an oxygen atmosphere at 25-150 C. The elastomer samples were placed in a 600 watt oven which is equipped with gas inlets for introducing any desired atmosphere. Chemiluminescence emission from the samples was focused with a two inch quartz lens onto the detector of a 12" photomultiplier which is connected to a photon counter. A strip-chart recorder, connected to the counter, permitted automatic data collection. Diagrams of the apparatus are included. The chemical reactions which occurred from the thermal decomposition of the polymer samples are described, and results (and tabulated data) are discussed.
Measurement of Neutrophil Adhesion Under Conditions Mimicking Blood Flow (2007)

Neutrophil migration from blood into tissues is required for effective innate immune responses against infection. Adhesion of the neutrophil in blood to the vascular endothelium and eventual migration through the vessel wall and accumulation at the site of infection involves different classes of adhesion molecules. In vivo intravital microscopy studies show that different adhesion molecules mediate binding events under shear forces associated with blood flow vs binding events that take place under static conditions. To fully analyze the function of these adhesion molecules in vitro, assays must reflect the hemodynamic forces associated with blood flow. We outline two approaches used to study neutrophil adhesion under conditions that mimic blood flow.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANIC REACTIONS AT HIGH PRESSURE. PREPARATION OF WITTIG PHOSPHONIUM SALTS AT AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (1985)

Abstract Die Herstellung der Phosphoniumsalze (III) wird bei hohem Druck untersucht.
Parahydrogen-Induced Polarization and Polarization Transfer in Hydrogenation and Oxidative Addition Reactions (1992)

Parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP), its occurrence and mechanistic implications in homogeneous hydrogenation chemistry, and its appearance in the oxidative addition of H2 to transition metal centers are described and analyzed. The PHIP phenomenon, which is characterized by unusual NMR absorptions and emissions in product spectra, arises when para-enriched H2 is employed in hydrogenation of unsaturated organic substrates with a homogeneous metal catalyst or when para-enriched H2 is added to a metal complex to form a stable metal dihydride. Both multiplet and net types of polarization are seen. The nature of the polarization is determined by the rate of reaction relative to the rate at which the sample is placed in the magnetic field. Examples of PHIP are found in ruthenium phosphine-catalyzed hydrogenations, catalysis by binuclear rhodium complexes, and in H2 oxidative addition to Ir(I) complexes. Finally, polarization transfer using parahydrogen results in signal enhancement of other NMR nuclei such as 31P and 13C in the product compounds.
E-band propagation channel measurements in an urban street canyon (2015)

The E-band, which includes 71–76 GHz and 81–86 GHz frequency bands, is used for high data rate point-to-point communications. A street canyon is one of the most interesting scenarios for the E-band radio links due to the dynamically changing environment. In this work, channel measurements at different link distances from 130 m to 800 m in an urban street canyon at 73.5 GHz were performed. Measurements of the received power level were carried out in order to analyze the impact of the propagation paths reflected or scattered from adjacent buildings and other objects in addition to the line-of-sight path using a spectrum analyzer and a rotator at the receiver side. The information was acquired for three different distances between the receiver and transmitter during the measurement. Measurement results can be used to develop and validate geometry based channel model for E-band links in a street canyon.
Modified Friedländer Synthesis of Quinolines from N-Phenyl Cyclic Enaminones (2005)

at the α-position could be carried out easilyand the following Friedel-Crafts type reaction and dehy-dration might occur simultaneously under suitable condi-tions in one-pot. Thus, we examined various reactionconditions, and finally found an effective reaction conditionsfor the one-pot conversion of
A standard method for determining the viscosity of cellulose in cuprammonium hydroxide (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA standard method for determining the viscosity of cellulose in cuprammonium hydroxideE. K. Carver, E. C. Bingham, H. Bradshaw, and C. S. VenableCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1929, 1, 1, 49–51Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50065a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50065a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Increased Expression of Sucrase and Intestinal‐type Alkaline Phosphatase in Human Gastric Carcinomas with Progression (1998)

The activities of sucrase, total alkaline phosphatase (total ALP) and intestinal-type alkaline phosphatase (I-ALP) were assayed in gastric carcinomas and in their surrounding mucosae from 57 patients with advanced cancers, and the localization of sucrase in 203 carcinomas, including 86 early cancers, was examined immunohistochemically using polyclonal anti-sucrase antibody. All three enzymes were active in the 57 carcinomas as well as in their surrounding mucosae, but the levels were fairly low as compared to those in normal jejunum mucosa. A considerable part of the total ALP activity in tumor specimens was assumed to be due to I-ALP itself. Increased sucrase and I-ALP were found with greater depth of invasion by undifferentiated-type carcinomas. The pattern of immunohistochemical localization of sucrase in the 203 carcinomas also clearly indicated increased expression with greater depth of invasion even in differentiated-type carcinomas.
Cancer clinical trials – Survey evaluating patient participation and acceptance in a university-based Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC) (2018)

Patients are willing to participate in clinical trials. Better information strategies need to be implemented. Physicians need to be aware of running trials within their department and must counseling counsel patients effectively to improve recruitment. Trial concepts should keep in mind patients' needs including an adequate number of appointments, positive risk-benefit profiles, and information material.
Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are expressed in fetal ovary. (2007)

Cancer/testis (CT) antigens are named after their expression pattern as they are typically present in various types of tumors and in the germ cells of normal adult testis. Adult ovarian tissue is usually reported to be CT antigen negative. Based on the differences in female versus male gonadal development, the ovarian counterpart of the most predominant CT antigen positive testicular germ cells are not prevalent in the adult ovary. Hence, we analyzed the protein expression of several CT antigens in fetal ovary by immunohistochemistry with various monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) previously generated by our group. The mAbs used were: MA454 (MAGE-A1), M3H67 (MAGE-A3), 57B (MAGE-A4), CT7-33 (CT7/MAGE-C1), and ES121 (NY-ESO-1). All mAbs showed some immunopositivity in fetal ovarian germ cells. The most intense staining was seen with mAbs M3H67, 57B, and CT7-33 during weeks 16-23 of gestation. The most prevalent cells stained were oogonia, with only focal staining of oocytes of the primordial follicle. We conclude that CT antigens are regularly expressed in fetal ovarian germ cells and might play an important role in male and female germ cell biology.
A new sub-threshold 7T SRAM cell design with capability of bit-interleaving in 90 nm CMOS (2013)

In this paper we present a new Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) that has 7 transistors in each cell. This idea allows for bit-interleaving that makes the SRAM more reliable against the soft errors. One of the challenges of a conventional 6 transistor (6T) SRAM cell in sub-threshold region is sizing of its access transistors. Here by separating access transistors of reading and writing, we mitigate this challenge. By using a minimum-size access transistor for reading, probability of unsuccessful read reduces. To have a more successful write operation, we make one of the inverters of the cell that is fighting with the write access transistor, weaker during write operation by floating its supply voltage and ground rails. After write operation, this inverter returns back to normal mode. Simulation results in 90 nm CMOS technology show that our design satisfies 4.5-sigma criterion for reading and writing at supply voltage of 300 mV. Compared to conventional 6T SRAM cell, our design improves read-time and write-time significantly. For example at supply voltage of 500 mV, these improvements are 137 and 83 percents, respectively. Comparing power and energy consumption for single write operation of the proposed 7T SRAM cell at supply voltage of 300mV with conventional 6T SRAM cell at 800mV (i.e. minimum achievable voltage for this SRAM cell) shows improvements of 133.4X and 266.78X, respectively.
A Surgical Case of Synchronous Double Cancer Involving the Ileum and Cecum (2004)

原発性小腸癌は, 比較的稀な疾患で, 術前診断が困難なことが多い。今回, 盲腸癌の術中に偶然小腸癌を認め, 重複癌と診断。術後1年で卵巣・膀胱に転移を認めた症例を経験したので若干の文献的考察を加え報告する。症例は61歳, 女性。入院時貧血, 腫瘍マーカー上昇を認めた。盲腸癌の診断で回盲部切除を予定した。術中, 回腸末端に腫瘍性病変を認め, 回腸も含め切除した。病理診断は盲腸と回腸の重複癌であった。1年後腫瘍マーカーの上昇, CT上骨盤内腫瘍を認め精査を行った。確定診断目的にて2003年5月第2回手術を施行, 骨盤内腫瘍は右卵巣であり, 膀胱漿膜面にも腫瘍を認めた。卵巣腫瘍・膀胱腫瘍は転移性で, 盲腸癌か小腸癌か, 原発巣判定は困難であった。2004年4月現在, 外来通院中である。
Association of a Sequence Variation in the Gene Encoding Adiponectin Receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) with Body Mass Index in the Japanese Population (2009)

Background: Adiponectin is a circulating peptide present in adipose tissue. It mediates its insulin-sensitizing and anti-atherogenic effects on target tissues via 2 receptors—adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 (ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2). Recent studies have reported that ADIPOR1 deficiency in mice results in increased body weight and obesity. In the present study, we examined the association between a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5´ flanking region of the ADIPOR1 gene and body mass index (BMI) in the Japanese population.Methods: Association of an SNP (rs4989513) with the BMI was examined in 774 postmenopausal Japanese women.Results: Rs4989513 SNP was significantly associated with the BMI (P = 0.0412).Conclusion: Genetic variation at the ADIPOR1 gene locus is associated with BMI, suggesting that the ADIPOR1 gene is involved in the development of obesity.
Anti-Reflux Mucosal Ablation (ARMA) For Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease – An Interim Analysis (2021)

Aims Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is major clinical problem. Minimally invasive endoscopic therapies are being developed such as anti-reflux mucosal ablation. We describe safety and short term efficacy of ARMA in PPI-refractory GERD.
NAD<sup>+</sup>‐Dependent <scp>d</scp>‐2‐Hydroxyisocaproate Dehydrogenase of <i>Lactobacillus Delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>Bulgaricus</i> (1994)

A genomic library from Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was used to complement an Escherichia coli mutant strain deficient for both lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate formate lyase, and thus unable to grow anaerobically. One recombinant clone was found to display a broad specificity NAD(+)-dependent D-2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase activity. The corresponding gene (named hdhD) was subcloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence of the encoded enzyme indicates a 333-residue protein closely related to D-2-hydroxyisocaproate (i.e. 2-hydroxy-4-methyl-pentanoate) dehydrogenase (D-HO-HxoDH) of Lactobacillus casei and other NAD(+)-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenases (D-LDH) from several other bacterial species. The hdhD gene was overexpressed under the control of the lambda phage PL promoter and the enzyme was purified with a two-step method. The L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus enzyme, like that of L. casei, was shown to be active on a wide variety of 2-oxoacid substrates except those having a branched beta-carbon.
Ellagitannins as Active Constituents of Medicinal Plants (1989)

Isolation and structure determination, accompanied by measurement of various biological activities of each isolated tannin, particularly of ellagitannins, have brought about a marked change in the concept of tannins as active constituents of medicinal plants. Their biological activities should now be discussed on the basis of the structural differences among each tannin, in a way similar to that of the other types of natural organic compounds. The anti-tumor activity exclusively exhibited by several oligomeric ellagitannins, and their anti-HIV activities are examples of such biological activities. The inhibitory activity against lipid peroxidation, which is different in the strength among tannins of various structures, is exhibited in general more strongly by ellagitannins than by the other types of tannins of similar structures. The radical-scavenging activities of tannins as the mechanism of their inhibition, which is regarded to participate in several biological activities of tannins, have been supported by the ESR spectral measurements. Other biological activities, i.e., inhibition of mutagenicity of carcinogens, inhibition of tumor promotion, etc., have been found for tannins including ellagitannins.