gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additions and Corrections-The Antibacterial Properties of Compounds Containing the Tricarbonylmethane Group. IV. Syntheses if 3-Alkylated or 3-Acylated 4-Hydroxycoumarins and of a Related Pyrone (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections-The Antibacterial Properties of Compounds Containing the Tricarbonylmethane Group. IV. Syntheses if 3-Alkylated or 3-Acylated 4-Hydroxycoumarins and of a Related PyroneTyunosin Ukita, Shoshichi Nojima, and Makoto MatsumotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5927Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online9 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01156a617https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a617research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mitigation of sub-surface crack propagation in railroad rails by laser surface modification (1997)

The authors address the mitigation of sub-surface crack propagation in railroad rails via laser surface modification. The goal is to reduce the shear forces from rail-wheel friction, which contribute significantly to the nucleation and propagation of cracks in the sub-surface region at rail gage corners. Microhardness scans and tensile tests were performed on samples from cross-sections of unused and heavily used rail heads. The results of these tests indicate that the severe cyclic plastic deformation that occurs at the gage corners, during service, significantly hardens the sub-surface region there, which leads to cracking. Laser glazing, the rapid melting and rapid solidification of a thin surface layer, was used to reduce the friction coefficient of rail steel. The advantages of this process are that specific regions of the rail surface can be targeted; the treatment does not wash away as the currently used liquid lubricants do; it is more environmentally sound than liquid lubricants; and it can be applied in service, during re-work or during rail fabrication. A number of laser treatments were conducted on AISI 1080 steel plates, similar to rail steel, from which friction samples were extracted. Static block-on-ring friction experiments performed on a variety of laser treated surfaces showed reductions in the friction coefficient by about 25% relative to untreated surfaces at loads corresponding to prototypic rail service loads. The authors laser-glazed two areas on the top surface of a 6-ft length of rail with multiple pass treatments, one with adjacent passes overlapping, and one with adjacent passes separated by 1 mm. Friction measurements were made after they were subjected to 20,000 run-in cycles. The laser treatments remained intact after these cycles. Reductions of friction coefficient of ca. 40%, relative to untreated surfaces, were observed, corresponding to a reduction in the calculated mixed mode crack propagation rate by ca. 79%.
Impact Fracture Resistance of Two Titanium‐Abutment Systems Versus a Single‐Piece Ceramic Implant (2009)

This investigation showed that the fracture energy of two titanium-abutment systems versus a single-piece Y-TZP implant in foam blocks simulating bone elastic modulus was not different, and that differences occurred when the embedding material elastic modulus was increased an order of magnitude.
Single High Aspect Ratio Pillar Support Structures: Multi-Scale Chip Integrated Conformal Structures (2004)

This paper describes the realization of the integration of micro and nanoscale conformal structures. A new dry processing technique is used to create structures supported by a single high aspect ratio pillar support (SHARPS), creating submicron single crystal silicon features, with tight geometric control, attached to much larger (10–200μm) silicon dioxide platforms. The platforms have lithographically defined two dimensional shapes. The curvature of the platforms is adjusted through metal deposition and subsequent processing. The flexibility of the structures allows them to conform to meso and microscale roughness. To account for nanoscale conformance stochastic arrays of vertically aligned titania nanofibers are created on the platform surface. The application of the system as a passive microadhesive is investigated using a nanoindenter. Results show that the titania nano fiber surface offers significant increase in adhesion over smooth silicon dioxide or titanium surfaces. However when used in conjunction with the SHARPS structures the fibers are too stiff to allow for conformance to the surface prior to larger scale conformation, thus the combination does not increase the overall adhesion.
Volumetric Leak Detection Methods for Underground Fuel Storage Tanks (1991)

This book summarizes the results of the USEPA's research program to evaluate the current performance of commercially available volumetric test methods for the detection of small leaks in underground fuel storage tanks. The objectives of the program were to produce the technical data necessary to support the development of release detection regulations, define the current practice of commercially available systems, make specific recommendations to improve the current practice, and provide technical information that will help users select suitable methods for testing the integrity of underground storage tanks.
Evaluation of phosphorus nitrogen compounds as fertilizers (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of phosphorus nitrogen compounds as fertilizersZachary T. Wakefield, Seward E. Allen, John F. McCullough, Richard C. Sheridan, and John J. KohlerCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1971, 19, 1, 99–103Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60173a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (607 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Association of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) Ile655Val polymorphism (plrm) and gender-specific time to tumor recurrence (TTR) in patients (pts) with localized gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). (2010)

4093 Background: Overexpression of members of the HER family (HER1-4) is associated with more aggressive GA. Further evidence is accumulating supporting gender-related differences in the risk, development and outcome of GA. Hormone receptors (ER-β) are expressed in the gastrointestinal tract and interact with HER family. Previous studies found plrms in HER1 and ER-β were associated with gender-specific survival in colorectal cancer pts. HER2 (rs1136201) Ile655Val plrm's functionality was shown in breast cell lines with Val-expressing cells exhibiting increase growth capacity. We tested the hypothesis whether germline plrms in HER family genes, including HER1/EGFR (rs11543848; rs45608036), HER2 (rs1136201), HER3 (rs2271189) and HER4 (rs6735267; rs6735626) plrms, may predict gender-specific clinical outcome in localized GA. Methods: Between 1992 and 2008, normal gastric tissues samples were obtained from 137 pts, 83 males and 54 females, with localized GA treated with surgery alone or surgery and adjuvant (radio)-chemotherapy at USC medical facilities (n = 106) or MSKCC (n = 31). The median follow-up was 3.3 years. 61 out of 137 (41%) pts had tumor recurrence, with a probability of 3-year recurrence of 52%. Genomic DNA was isolated from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens and 6 HER gene (HER1-4) plrms were analyzed using a PCR-RFLP or a 5'-end 33p γATP-labeled PCR technique. Results: HER2 Ile655Val plrm is associated with gender-related TTR (P interaction = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, female pts with the low activity HER2 Ile/Ile (n = 32) genotype have longer TTR when compared to Ile/Val or Val/Val (n = 22) genotypes (median TTR = 7.0 vs. 1.5 years; p = 0.018, log-rank test). In male pts, HER2 Ile655Val plrm is not associated with TTR. No association is observed between other tested HER plrms and TTR. Conclusions: This study shows for the first time the functional HER2 Ile655Val plrm as an independent gender-specific prognostic marker in pts with localized gastric cancer. Prospective biomarker- embedded clinical trials are needed to validate our results. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Photoinduced structural rela×ation and densification in sol-gel-derived nanocomposite thin films: implications for integrated optics device fabrication (1998)

The solution sol-gel method is used to produce thin films of photosensitive hybrid organic-inorganic glass on silicon. Glasses consisted of photoinitiator, methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacrylic acid, and zirconium oxide. Clear, low optical loss films are obtained, indicating nanophase homogeneity in the samples. The nanocomposite films are shown to be suitable for fabricating optical components such as ridge wave guides and Bragg diffraction gratings. The increase in the refractive index of the glass relative to the surrounding material during photolithographic processing is identified as a key material parameter in device fabrication. Accordingly, electronic and vibrational spectroscopy are used to provide insight into the structural changes that occur when glasses are irradiated with continuous narrow band 4.9 eV and pulsed 6.4 eV light. Arguments are advanced, linking the changes in refractive index to collateral densification leading to volume compaction of the silicate network during organic free-radical polymerization. This was shown by following the time evolution of relevant IR absorption bands. Free silanol and unreacted methoxysilane are consumed in the process. Matrix densification is indicated by shifts to low wave number in the transverse optical phonon mode associated with decreasing Si-O-Si bond angles of the antisymmetric stretching vibration (compression). Growth in the Si-O-Si framework is observed through increased intensity in this IR absorption. Similar behaviour is observed for films irradiated with 6.4 eV light from an excimer laser. A phase mask in combination with pulsed 6.4 eV light is used to inscribe a 1.5 mm, high-reflectivity polarization-independent Bragg grating into a ridge wave guide. The high reflectivity is thought to arise from a periodic modulation of the volume compaction of the matrix. Overall, the organic component of the glass confers unique properties on the material that allow it to be densified even with 4.9 eV light. By comparison, sol-gel silica with no organic component must be densified at nearly twice the photon energy.
Sources, Production, and Clinical Treatments of Milk Fat Globule Membrane for Infant Nutrition and Well-Being (2020)

Research on milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is gaining traction. The interest is two-fold; on the one hand, it is a unique trilayer structure with specific secretory function. On the other hand, it is the basis for ingredients with the presence of phospho- and sphingolipids and glycoproteins, which are being used as food ingredients with valuable functionality, in particular, for use as a supplement in infant nutrition. This last application is at the center of this Review, which aims to contribute to understanding MFGM's function in the proper development of immunity, cognition, and intestinal trophism, in addition to other potential effects such as prevention of diseases including cardiovascular disease, impaired bone turnover and inflammation, skin conditions, and infections as well as age-associated cognitive decline and muscle loss. The phospholipid composition of MFGM from bovine milk is quite like human milk and, although there are some differences due to dairy processing, these do not result in a chemical change. The MFGM ingredients, as used to improve the formulation in different clinical studies, have indeed increased the presence of phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycolipids, and glycoproteins with the resulting benefits of different outcomes (especially immune and cognitive outcomes) with no reported adverse effects. Nevertheless, the precise mechanism(s) of action of MFGM remain to be elucidated and further basic investigation is warranted.
Modifications to JLab 12 GeV Refrigerator and Wide Range Mix Mode Performance Testing Results (2017)

Analysis of data obtained during the spring 2013 commissioning of the new 4.5-K refrigeration system at Jefferson Lab (JLab) for the 12 GeV upgrade indicated a wide capacity range with good efficiency and minimal operator interaction. Testing also showed that the refrigerator required a higher liquid nitrogen (LN) consumption for its pre-cooler than anticipated by the design. This does not affect the capacity of the refrigerator, but it does result in an increased LN utility cost. During the summer of 2015 the modifications were implemented by the cold box manufacturer, according to a design similar to the JLab 12 GeV cold box specification. Subsequently, JLab recommissioned the cold box and performed extensive performance testing, ranging from 20% to 100% of the maximum capacity, and in various modes of operation, ranging from pure refrigeration, pure liquefaction, half-and-half mix mode and at selected design modes. This testing demonstrated the modifications resulted in a LN consumption significantly lower than the expected design for the nominal and maximum capacity modes and equal to the expected design for the pure refrigeration mode (which is the most demanding). The testing also demonstrated that the refrigerator system has a good and fairly constant performance over this wide capacity range and different modes of operation. Also, a pulsed-load test, similar to what is expected for cryogenic systems supporting fusion experiments, was conducted to observe the response using the Floating Pressure ? Ganni Cycle, which was stable and robust. This paper will discuss the results and analysis of this testing pertaining to the LN consumption, the system efficiency over a wide range of capacity and different modes and the behavior of the system to a pulsed load.
Computational cost of DP algorithms in speech recognition (1981)

In this study we present the models of computation of several search algorithms for isolated word recognition. These search techniques considered include variants of the classical dynamic programming, variants of branch-and-bound search technique and variants of the beam search technique (as implemented in the Harpy system). We show that depending on the choice of the technique and related parameters, one can achieve more than an order of magnitude improvement in speed without any loss of accuracy.
Spontaneous Decompression of a Posterior Fossa Arachnoid Cyst: A Case Report (2001)

The authors present a case of spontaneous regression of a posterior fossa, supracerebellar arachnoid cyst causing hydrocephalus in a 7-month-old male child. The patient presented with macrocrania, bulging fontanelle and upgaze paresis of the eyes. There was complete improvement of these symptoms on the morning of the day of surgery without any obvious precipitating factors, including trauma. CT scan showed complete resolution of the cyst and hydrocephalus. The child was doing well at 1 year of follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of spontaneous resolution of a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst.
A 10-bit 20-Msample/s ADC for low-power and low-voltage applications (2002)

For the development of new low-voltage, low-power imaging microsystems, we have designed and fabricated a 10-bit 20 Msample/s ADC. Low-voltage, low-power designs require specifically designed analog building blocks. The ADC makes use of time-interleaving, switched capacitor amplifiers including dynamic frequency compensation and offset cancellation.
Patterns of medication use during pregnancy in rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Approximately 24% of women with RA received a DMARD in the 180 days before conception, and the proportion dropped during pregnancy. Glucocorticoid use remained high throughout pregnancy. Our results suggest that continued efforts directed at counseling women and their physicians about the potential risks/benefits of RA therapies during pregnancy are warranted.
THE DISC1 GENE AND MAJOR MENTAL ILLNESS IN FINLAND (2019)

Background Linkage and association studies of major mental illness in Finland have continually identified the 1q42 region, and the Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene in particular, as being a key locus of interest. Haplotypes and variants in the DISC1 gene have been associated with Schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder, and autism spectrum disorders, as well as to variations in related endophenotypes such as visual working memory, anhedonia, and gray matter volume in the dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex. Despite this consistent line of evidence for these loci in the Finnish population, any true causal variants within the DISC1 gene are yet to be identified. Methods To identify any potential mutations, a subset of families ascertained for SCZ (n=20 families, 96 individuals) were sequenced using Nimblegen SeqCap EZ for the DISC1 gene locus, including TSNAX. All identified variants were then prioritized using association analysis (p Results With the aid of this three-step sequencing and genotyping approach, we identified 1,828 variants in the DISC1 gene, of which 28 variants were identified as associated (p Discussion We aim to identify the potential mutations within the DISC1 gene which have been alluded to through our previous studies of Finnish cohorts for major mental illness. Our initial findings confirm the observation of association for several variants in the DISC1 gene for varied phenotypes, while focusing on the specific variants that have potential functional consequences. The variants we report may represent the principal major mental illness mutations within the DISC1 gene in the Finnish population. Once the relevance of these mutations to multiple diagnostic criteria is determined, we will study these mutations with respect to alternative phenotypes to the diagnoses available in these cohorts, including neuropsychological endophenotypes, neuroimaging, gene expression levels from lymphocytes, and medication usage.
Miniature Ce:LiLuF/Ce:LiCAF dual-crystal single-cavity laser pumped at 266 nm (2005)

We present a miniature 311 nm laser pumped at 266 nm using a microchip Nd:YVO/sub 4/ laser. The single miniature cavity contains both a Ce:LiCAF and a Ce:LiLuF crystal, and emits laser pulses at both 287 nm and 311 nm.
THE EFFECT OF MONOBUTYRIN ON FRACTURE HEALING IN AN OVARECTOMISED RODENT MODEL (2011)

Introduction: Monobutyrin (MB) has been shown to be a potent angiogenic factor for adipose tissue. It is one of the many compounds secreted from adipocytes adding to the knowledge that adipose tissue is not merely a storage unit but has an endocrine function. Adipocytes and osteoblasts share a common precursor. In osteoporosis the proportion of fat in bone increases. As both are present at a fracture site the addition of MB may enhance fracture healing by stimulating angiogenesis. Method: 138 Sprague Dawley rodents were ovarect-omised at 12 weeks of age. After a further 24 weeks each animal underwent a right closed femoral fracture stabilized with a retrograde k-wire using a standard model (Walsh et al. 1997). Animals were randomised into control (empty or substrate only) or MB of varying concentrations (2.5μg, 7.5μg, 25μg, 75μg). A percutaneous injection of 0.2mls of each of the above was then injected into the fracture site. Animals were culled at 1, 3 and 6 week time points post surgery. The right and left femurs were dissected out and analyzed using radiographic, mechanical testing, micro computed tomography and histology endpoints. Statistical analysis was perfomed with SPSS for windows. Results: All animals recovered well from the procedure and no adverse reactions were noted following the addition of MB. A progression to union was seen with time in all groups. Mechanical testing did not result in a statistical difference between groups, however the trend showed improved healing in the 7.5μg Monobutyrin group. Radiographic grading again showed no statistical difference however, interestingly micro CT data showed an increasing trend in both trabecular number and bone surface area to volume with increasing concentrations of MB. The histology results implied a potential acceleration in the early stage of fracture healing in the high dose (75 μg) MB group. However progression to union following this initial early phase acceleration was delayed as callus volume increased rather than union according to micro CT and histological data. Discussion: The ability to augment fracture healing has significant clinical implications considering the “greying of society”. This study investigated the possibility of improving fracture healing by incorporating the angiogenic factor, Monobutyrin in an estrogen deficient animal model. Although the results do not conclusively demonstrate an improvement in fracture healing, they do imply that MB does affect the early phase of fracture healing in the estrogen deficient model. This study is limited in that the effects of MB on fracture healing in a non-estrogen deficient model was not considered. The ideal release kinetics for Monobutyrin as well as other factors remains unknown.
Multi-gradient hydrogels produced layer by layer with capillary flow and crosslinking in open microchannels (2011)

This technical note describes a new bench-top method for producing anisotropic hydrogels composed of gradient layers of soluble factors, particles, polymer concentrations or material properties. Each gradient layer was produced by a previous gradient method in which a droplet of one precursor solution was added to a thin layer of a second solution. The ensuing rapid capillary flow along the open channel generated a gradient precursor solution, which was then crosslinked to form a gradient gel. Repeating these steps allowed a layered gel to be iteratively constructed with as many gradient layers as desired. This technique renders the synthesis of multi-layered gradient gels accessible to virtually any researcher and should help simplify the production of more biologically relevant cellular microenvironments.