gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Information Security Architecture: An Integrated Approach to Security in the Organization (2000)

An information security architecture is made up of several components. Each component in the architecture focuses on establishing acceptable levels of control. These controls are then applied to the operating environment of an organization. Functionally, information security architecture combines technical, practical, and cost-effective solutions to provide an adequate and appropriate level of security.Information Security Architecture: An Integrated Approach to Security in the Organization details the five key components of an information security architecture. It provides C-level executives
Invariant Features from Interest Point Groups (2002)

This paper approaches the problem of ¯nding correspondences between images in which there are large changes in viewpoint, scale and illumi- nation. Recent work has shown that scale-space `interest points' may be found with good repeatability in spite of such changes. Further- more, the high entropy of the surrounding image regions means that local descriptors are highly discriminative for matching. For descrip- tors at interest points to be robustly matched between images, they must be as far as possible invariant to the imaging process. In this work we introduce a family of features which use groups of interest points to form geometrically invariant descriptors of image regions. Feature descriptors are formed by resampling the image rel- ative to canonical frames de¯ned by the points. In addition to robust matching, a key advantage of this approach is that each match implies a hypothesis of the local 2D (projective) transformation. This allows us to immediately reject most of the false matches using a Hough trans- form. We reject remaining outliers using RANSAC and the epipolar constraint. Results show that dense feature matching can be achieved in a few seconds of computation on 1GHz Pentium III machines.
The Potential Beneficial Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 in Endothelial Dysfunction and Heart Failure Associated with Insulin Resistance (2008)

Endothelial dysfunction is a major characteristic of the atherosclerotic process and can be used to predict the outcome of cardiovascular disease in humans. Together with obesity and insulin resistance, such dysfunction is common among patients with type 2 diabetes and may explain their poor prognosis in connection with such a disease. Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver, a well-characterized feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes, contributes to the impairment of glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, the myocardial muscle can also be resistant to insulin, which might, at least in part, explain the frequent development of heart failure in individuals suffering from type 2 diabetes. The relationship between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction has prompted investigations, which reveal that regular exercise, dietary changes, and/or pharmacological agents can both increase insulin sensitivity and improve endothelial function. Glucagon-like peptide-1, an incretin, lowers blood levels of glucose and offers a promising new approach to the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Its extensive extra-pancreatic effects, including a favorable influence on cardiovascular parameters, are extremely interesting in this connection. The potential pharmacological effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 and its analogues on the endothelium and the heart are discussed in the present review.
CFD Simulations of Thermal and Flow Fields Inside a Desktop Personal Computer Cabin with Multi-core Processors (2009)

This paper provides a detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the cooling of an 80 W and 130 W socketed central processing unit (CPU) of a desktop personal computer. The computations have been performed using the CFD package FLUENT 6.2. The computer system enclosure simulated is a microATX cabin that consists of all major heat generating components such as CPU with an attached heat sink, hard disk drive, CD drive, floppy drive, power supply unit and memory cards. Two different geometries of the heat sink, (1) vertical straight fin and (2) radial curved fin, have been used to enhance heat transfer from the 80 W and 130 W CPUs respectively. The objectives of the present study are (1) to determine the airflow pattern and maximum operating temperature of various components in the desktop computer system enclosure and (2) to investigate the effect of various parameters such as power dissipation of the processor, fan speed, ambient air temperature and the air intake area on the CPU case temperature.
Hyperpolarizing Vasodilators Activate ATP-sensitive K <sup>+</sup> Channels in Arterial Smooth Muscle (1989)

Vasodilators are used clinically for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. The effects of some vasodilators seem to be mediated by membrane hyperpolarization. The molecular basis of this hyperpolarization has been investigated by examining the properties of single K+ channels in arterial smooth muscle cells. The presence of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channels in these cells was demonstrated at the single channel level. These channels were opened by the hyperpolarizing vasodilator cromakalim and inhibited by the ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker glibenclamide. Furthermore, in arterial rings the vasorelaxing actions of the drugs diazoxide, cromakalim, and pinacidil and the hyperpolarizing actions of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and acetylcholine were blocked by inhibitors of the ATP-sensitive K+ channels, suggesting that all these agents may act through a common pathway in smooth muscle by opening ATP-sensitive K+ channels.
Organic–inorganic polymer hybrids and porous materials obtained on their basis (2003)

Abstract Tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) or tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), an organic monomer [methylmethacrylate (MMA) or styrene (St)] and either α‐propylmethacryloxy‐ω‐trimethylsiloxy‐oligo(dimethylsiloxane) (OMS), as a compatibilizing agent, or α,ω‐bis(vinyl) oligo(dimethylsiloxane) (OVS), as compatibilizing and crosslinking agent, were allowed to undergo a sol–gel reaction under acidic condition and in the presence of 2,2′‐azoisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a free‐radical initiator. The hydrolysis‐condensation and in situ free‐radical polymerization occur independently, to give a hybrid consisting of both inorganic and organic components. The conversion of the monomers to the proper polymers was monitored by IR spectroscopy and TGA. The resistance of the organic polymers to solvent extraction was also studied. The hybrids were pyrolyzed in an oxidative atmosphere. By decomposition, the organic polymer generated pores in the inorganic matrix. A quantitative evaluation of the characteristics for the resulting porous material was made by determination of the specific area, pore volume, and average radius. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 2060–2067, 2003
Managing nursing staff productivity through reallocation of nursing resources (1990)

Young, Sue W. M.S.N.1; Daehn, Linda M. R.N., M.S.2; Busch, Christine M. M.S.N.3 Author Information
The population of the whelk <i>Dicathais aegrota</i> in Western Australia (1969)

The reproduction, growth, mortality, and physical tolerances of the individual Dicathais aegrota are described and integrated with the results of a population study on intertidal reef platforms at Rottnest I. Although exposed to severe environmental stresses, the population on the reef platform remained relatively stable in size and age structure during the period of this investigation. A high mortality rate (greater than 70% of the population per annum) was counterbalanced by continuous recruitment of juveniles and the immigration of a small number of adults, both from the sublittoral area. The discovery that this species extends into the sublittoral area and relies upon that segment of the population to maintain those upon the reef platform, indicates a need for review of existing concepts of mortality and survival of intertidal communities.
General Reciprocity Parameter (1966)

The reciprocity parameter used in the reciprocity calibration of electroacoustic transducers is derived for the general case of arbitrary boundary conditions and arbitrary definitions of responses. A general reciprocity parameter is defined as the ratio of the volume velocity emanating from a surface defined in the transmitting response to the resulting pressure averaged over a surface defined in the receiving response. It is shown how the general parameter concept leads directly and simply to the various special parameters for the cases of spherical waves, cylindrical waves, plane waves, diffuse sound, couplers, and tubes. Application of the concept to in situ and nearfield conditions is also described.
Towards a Corpus Annotated for Metonymies: the Case of Location Names. (2002)

At the moment, language resources do not contain the necessary information for large-scale metonymy processing. As a contribution, we here present a corpus annotated for metonymies. We describe a framework for annotating metonymies in domain-independent text that considers the regularity, productivity and underspecification of metonymic usage. We then present a fully worked out annotation scheme for location names and a gold standard corpus containing 2000 annotated location names. The annotation scheme is rigorously evaluated as to its reliability and compared to previous metonymy classification proposals. In particular, we show that it is not sufficient to rely on intuitions for reliable metonymy identification and that an annotation effort with trained annotators and explicit guidelines is necessary. 1.
Arousal Responses From Apneic Events During Non-Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep (1995)

Patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) experience severe sleep disruption and consequent daytime sleepiness. Current arousal scoring criteria show that some obstructive apneic events do not end in a recognizable cortical electroencephalographic (EEG) arousal. It is not known whether events that end in an obvious EEG arousal differ from those that do not, in terms of EEG frequency changes during the apneic event, the respiratory effort developed prior to apnea termination, the degree of the postapneic increase in blood pressure, or changes in CO2 tensions. We studied 15 patients with OSA in early Stage 2 sleep and analyzed obstructive apneic events with and without typical EEG arousals, defining an arousal as a frequency shift to waking alpha rhythm of 1 s or longer. EEG signals were digitized and analyzed by fast Fourier transform during and immediately after each apnea. The median EEG frequency and mean pleural pressure of the first and second halves of the apneic episode were compared with that of the first breath. Peak pleural pressure was measured just before the end of the apneic episode. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures and CO2 tensions were measured at the onset and termination of apnea. For each patient, 10 events that ended in EEG arousal were compared with 10 events that did not. Mean apnea duration did not differ for the two groups of events. Median EEG frequency and pleural pressure increased significantly from 8.14 to 9.25 Hz and 15.4 to 22.1 cm H2O, respectively, as the apnea progressed, but there was no difference between the groups nor any difference in the peak pleural pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Combining Traditional and CAD/CAM Techniques for Simplifying DentalImplant Therapy (2016)

Despite the undisputed advantages of dental implant therapy, a considerable number of patients cannot benefit from such treatment due to limited financial resources. In addition to the advent of reliable low-cost implant systems, the use of Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) for fabricating implant-supported restorations may help to overcome this problem. This article presents a clinical case of two implants inserted in the fourth quadrant and restored with a cementretained Fixed Dental Prosthesis (FDP). The implant system used featured a pre-mounted multipurpose abutment used for implant insertion, impression making and as a basis for the definitive restoration. Following manual adaptation of these abutments for achieving a common path of insertion, a three-unit FDP was manufactured using a CAD/CAM system. By combining old-school and up-to-date prosthetic fabrication techniques it was possible to successfully restore this patient in a reliable and esthetic way.
Real life experience of Cooperation Enforcement Based on Reputation (CORE) for MANETs (2005)

Cooperation enforcement in mobile ad-hoc networks has become a hot topic within the scientific community. Entities belonging to a mobile ad-hoc network are prone to selfishness because being cooperative and participating to basic network functions such as routing and packet forwarding involves resource consumption for the benefit of others. Different approaches have been proposed to promote cooperation in such environments. An implementation of the cooperation enforcement mechanism named CORE [5] is presented in the following as well as a demonstration of its usage on a MANET testbed.
Total and lipid-associated serum sialic acid levels in cancer patients with different primary sites and differing degrees of metastatic involvement (1986)

Serum total sialic acid (TSA) and lipid-associated sialic acid (LASA) levels have drawn considerable interest because of carbohydrate aberrations in malignant cells. The current investigation determined the TSA, LASA, total protein (TP), and TSA/TP values for 171 cancer patients with various primary sites and differing degrees of metastatic disease, 102 patients with nonmalignant diseases (pathologic controls), and 42 normal individuals. Data analysis indicated significant (p less than 0.01) increases in the mean (+/- SD) TSA and TSA/TP values in the cancer patients (78.1 +/- 19.2 mg/dl and 12.4 +/- 3.8 mg/g, respectively) and in the pathologic controls (76.0 +/- 7.5 mg/dl and 11.6 +/- 2.5 mg/g) when compared to the normal controls (67.3 +/- 7.1 mg/dl and 9.0 +/- 1.1 mg/g), and a significant decrease in the mean TP values in the cancer patients (6.4 +/- 1.1 g/dl) and pathologic controls (6.6 +/- 1.1 g/dl) when compared to normal controls (7.5 +/- 0.5 g/dl). No significant difference was observed between groups in LASA values. Further analysis of the data in patient subgroups based on the tissue involved, specific disease, or severity of the malignancy indicated that the lack of specificity of the markers was due primarily to restricted subgroups and that the sensitivity of TSA and TSA/TP increased as the malignancy became more severe. The results show that TSA/TP was the most useful of the markers tested for detecting malignancies. This marker should prove useful for monitoring malignant disease recurrence and/or progression and for evaluating the effectiveness of various therapeutic approaches.
Set Families with Low Pairwise Intersection (2014)

A $\left(n,\ell,γ\right)$-sharing set family of size $m$ is a family of sets $S_1,\ldots,S_m\subseteq [n]$ s.t. each set has size $\ell$ and each pair of sets shares at most $γ$ elements. We let $m\left(n,\ell,γ\right)$ denote the maximum size of any such set family and we consider the following question: How large can $m\left(n,\ell,γ\right)$ be? $\left(n,\ell,γ\right)$-sharing set families have a rich set of applications including the construction of pseudorandom number generators and usable and secure password management schemes. We analyze the explicit construction of Blocki et al using recent bounds on the value of the $t$'th Ramanujan prime. We show that this explicit construction produces a $\left(4\ell^2\ln 4\ell,\ell,γ\right)$-sharing set family of size $\left(2 \ell \ln 2\ell\right)^{γ+1}$ for any $\ell\geq γ$. We also show that the construction of Blocki et al can be used to obtain a weak $\left(n,\ell,γ\right)$-sharing set family of size $m$ for any $m >0$. These results are competitive with the inexplicit construction of Raz et al for weak $\left(n,\ell,γ\right)$-sharing families. We show that our explicit construction of weak $\left(n,\ell,γ\right)$-sharing set families can be used to obtain a parallelizable pseudorandom number generator with a low memory footprint by using the pseudorandom number generator of Nisan and Wigderson. We also prove that $m\left(n,n/c_1,c_2n\right)$ must be a constant whenever $c_2 \leq \frac{2}{c_1^3+c_1^2}$. We show that this bound is nearly tight as $m\left(n,n/c_1,c_2n\right)$ grows exponentially fast whenever $c_2 > c_1^{-2}$.
Moore's law: implications for ion implant equipment an equipment designer's perspective (2002)

The fourfold increase in device packing every three years drives changes in manufacturing strategy, for example clean room design and wafer size. It also directly drives ion implant equipment changes to address changing process requirements. Many requirements have inexorably become more stringent, e.g. numbers of particles added, contamination levels, energy purity, and automation. Thinner gate oxides and reductions in on-chip operating voltage have driven very dramatic improvements in the control of wafer charging. The energy range of implanters has become wider and for high-current implanters there are requests from users for a 50-fold increase in the range of energies over which the implanter can be used. Larger wafers have driven the change to parallel scanning and are driving a change to single-wafer processing. Can these requirements simultaneously be met? Is a universal ion implanter a rest-effective solution? What will be the energy and dose ranges of the available ion implanters for 0.18 micron devices?.
Design and Implementation of Websites based on PHP (2011)

Base on PHP and MYSQL and with the example of a career consulting website,Zhuoqi,the development environments,requirement analysis,function modules,database operations and security etc.are analyzed and discussed for website development to provide references for building websites suitable for specific companies.
Der Weg von Phosphorpentachlorid zu den Phosphornitrilchloriden (1962)

Abstract PCl 5 reagiert unter geeigneten Bedingungen mit NH 4 Cl rasch und quantitativ zu [Cl 3 PN‐PCl 3 ] [PCl 6 ], das sich mit weiterem PCl 5 und NH 4 Cl zu [Cl 3 PN‐PCl 2 N‐PCl 3 ] [PCl 6 ] umsetzt. Aus dem Kation des letztgenannten Stoffes entsteht mit NH 4 + unter Ringschluß [NPCl 2 ] 3 ; daneben werden längere Ketten aufgebaut, die mit NH 4 + entweder [NPCl 2 ] 4 oder z. B. auch Cl 3 PN[PCl 2 N] n PCl 2 NH liefern können. Aus den salzartigen Zwischenstoffen der Phosphornitrilchlorid‐Synthese lassen sich mit SO 2 die Sauerstoff enthaltenden Produkte Cl 3 PNP(O)Cl 2 und Cl 3 PNPCl 2 NP(O)Cl 2 erhalten; die Schwefelanaloga können ebenfalls leicht gewonnen werden. Zur Aufklärung der Konstitution der Verbindungen erweist sich die kernmagnetische Resonanzspektroskopie als geeignet.
High-dimensional pharmacogenetic prediction of a continuous trait using machine learning techniques with application to warfarin dose prediction in African Americans (2011)

We have applied three machine learning approaches: Random Forest Regression (RFR), Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) and Support Vector Regression (SVR) to the prediction of warfarin maintenance dose in a cohort of African Americans. We have developed a multi-step approach that selects SNPs, builds prediction models with different subsets of selected SNPs along with known associated genetic and environmental variables and tests the discovered models in a cross-validation framework. Preliminary results indicate that our modeling approach gives much higher accuracy than previous models for warfarin dose prediction. A model size of 200 SNPs (in addition to the known genetic and environmental variables) gives the best accuracy. The R(2) between the predicted and actual square root of warfarin dose in this model was on average 66.4% for RFR, 57.8% for SVR and 56.9% for BRT. Thus RFR had the best accuracy, but all three techniques achieved better performance than the current published R(2) of 43% in a sample of mixed ethnicity, and 27% in an African American sample. In summary, machine learning approaches for high-dimensional pharmacogenetic prediction, and for prediction of clinical continuous traits of interest, hold great promise and warrant further research.
Design of Narrow-Gap<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>TiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>: A Passivated Codoping Approach for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Activity (2009)

To improve the photoelectrochemical activity of TiO2 for hydrogen production through water splitting, the band edges of TiO2 should be tailored to match with visible light absorption and the hydrogen or oxygen production levels. By analyzing the band structure of TiO2 and the chemical potentials of the dopants, we propose that the band edges of TiO2 can be modified by passivated codopants such as (Mo+C) to shift the valence band edge up significantly, while leaving the conduction band edge almost unchanged, thus satisfying the stringent requirements. The design principle for the band-edge modification should be applicable to other wide-band-gap semiconductors.
Sequential Analysis of Viral Load in a Neonate and Her Mother Infected With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (2020)

We report changes in viral load over time in a 27-day-old neonate with coronavirus disease 2019 who presented with fever, cough, and vomiting. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA was detected in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, stool, saliva, plasma, and urine. The highest viral RNA copies in nasopharynx decreased over time while viral load in stool remained high.
The Chemical Production of Mutations (1967)

Since the discovery of the first potent mutagens over 20 years ago, progress in mutation research has been rapid. Many new mutagens, belonging to a variety of chemical classes, have been discovered, and for some of them the reaction with DNA in vitro has been established. It seems that the findings of these chemical investigations usually also apply to viruses which are treated outside the cell. This has made chemical mutagens into an important tool for the analysis of the genetic code. When DNA is treated inside the cell, its reactions would not be expected to be always identical with those observed in vitro; in one case they have, indeed, been found to be different.
Presynaptic Nicotinic Autoreceptors and Heteroreceptors in the CNS (1995)

Four agonists were compared for their abilities to release [3H]dopamine from striatal synaptosomes and [3H]acetylcholine from hippocampal synaptosomes in the rat, to see if there are differences between the presynaptic nicotinic receptors presumed to mediate these effects. Dose-response profiles for [3H]acetylcholine release were bell-shaped, with a rank order of potency: anatoxin-a>cytisine=(-)nicotine»isoarecolone. A similar rank order was determined for [3H]dopamine release, but the dose-response profiles were typically sigmoidal. More detailed analysis of nicotine-evoked [3H]dopamine release suggested a biphasic response consistent with two components. These data are discussed with respect to receptor subtypes. Attempts to extend the study to [3H]glutamate.release failed to disclose a specific nicotinic effect.
Prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia in an elderly population (2002)

The very high prevalence of tHHcy in the elderly population, and the consequent risks associated with it suggest that although there are no trials that effectively prove the benefit of tHcy decrease, nutritional intervention is still justified.
The Propagation of a Plane Shock into a Quiet Atmosphere (1953)

In this note the problem of determining the propagation of a plane shock moving through a polytropic gas into an undisturbed body of the gas, leaving a non-isentropic disturbance behind it, is reduced to the solution of the problem of Cauchy for a Monge-Ampére partial differential equation of special type. The application of this result to specific examples is being studied with a view to later publication.