gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of contractility of papillary sphincter muscle on penetrability of the papillary duct in the bovine quarter after machine milking (1982)

It has been suggested that machine milking causes the papillary sphincter muscle (teat sphincter muscle) to relax or to stretch and therefore increases the probability of successful penetration of the papillary duct (streak canal) by microorganisms. To determine the potential for contractile tension of the papillary sphincter muscle to influence penetrability of the papillary duct, selected quarters of individual cows were treated to cause the sphincter muscles to contract at 10 minutes after milking. All quarters were then subjected to a penetrability assay. To cause the papillary sphincter muscles to contract, 1 quarter was dipped into ice water and a 2nd quarter was squeezed twice at the papillary tip. Ice water increases base-line contractile tension and squeezing induces 1 or more rhythmic contractions of the teat sphincter muscle. To measure penetrability, Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 microgram in 2.5 microliters of distilled water; type O128; B12) was inserted 3 mm into all quarters. A 3rd teat was then squeezed at its tip. The 4th teat served as a control. This procedure was repeated for 5 days or until individual quarters responded in terms of a precipitous increase in the Wisconsin mastitis test score. Of a total of 345 observations, chi 2 analysis indicated that the proportion of responsive quarters was the same for each of the 4 treatment groups. Overall, it would seem that the contractile state of the teat sphincter muscle after milking does not significantly affect penetrability of the papillary duct, at least in terms of a solute, such as endotoxin. However, in a subset of animals, pretreating teats to increase contractile tension actually enhanced penetrability.
Treatment of Depression (1999)

The efficacy advantage of sertraline appeared to be even greater in this subgroup of older patients drawn from a larger treatment study of depression that included elderly individuals over the age of 60.
Somatostatin analogs (2001)

Somatostatin is a hypothalamic peptide hormone that inhibits the secretion of growth hormone, glucagon, insulin, gastrin and secretin, and also plays a role in neural transmission. Because of its wide range of possible clinical applications hundreds of somatostatin analogs have been synthesized and bioassayed to date. This review gives a historical perspective, summarizing approximately 30 years of research on somatostatin. The main focus is on the structure-activity relationships and conformational studies of the last generation of somatostatin agonists and their selectivity for five somatostatin receptor subtypes. Achievements in the synthesis of nonpeptide somatostatin analogs, as well as the first somatostatin antagonists, are also discussed. Finally, the use of a cyclic somatostatin scaffold to design ligands for other G-protein-coupled receptors, such as opioid and melanocortin receptors, is mentioned.
The Prp19 Complex Directly Functions in Mitotic Spindle Assembly (2013)

The conserved Prp19 (pre-RNA processing 19) complex is required for pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotic nuclei. Recent RNAi screens indicated that knockdown of Prp19 complex subunits strongly delays cell proliferation. Here we show that knockdown of the smallest subunit, BCAS2/Spf27, destabilizes the entire complex and leads to specific mitotic defects in human cells. These could result from splicing failures in interphase or reflect a direct function of the complex in open mitosis. Using Xenopus extracts, in which cell cycle progression and spindle formation can be reconstituted in vitro, we tested Prp19 complex functions during a complete cell cycle and directly in open mitosis. Strikingly, immunodepletion of the complex either before or after interphase significantly reduces the number of intact spindles, and increases the percentage of spindles with lower microtubule density and impaired metaphase alignment of chromosomes. Our data identify the Prp19 complex as the first spliceosome subcomplex that directly contributes to mitosis in vertebrates independently of its function in interphase.
On Protocol-Independent Data Redundancy Elimination (2013)

Data redundancy elimination (DRE), also known as data de-duplication, reduces the amount of data to be transferred or stored by identifying and eliminating both intra-object and inter-object duplicated data elements with a reference or pointer to the unique data copy. Large scale trace-driven studies have showed that packet-level DRE techniques can achieve 15-60% bandwidth savings when deployed at access links of the service providers, up to almost 50% bandwidth savings in Wi-Fi networks and as much as 60% mobile data volume reduction in cellular networks. In this paper, we survey the state-of-the-art protocol-independent redundancy elimination techniques. We overview the system architecture and main processing of protocol-independent DRE techniques, followed by discussion on major mechanisms activated in protocol-independent DRE, including the fingerprinting mechanism, cache management mechanism, chunk matching mechanism, and decoding error recovery mechanism. We also present several redundancy elimination systems deployed in wireline, wireless and cellular networks, respectively. Several other techniques to enhance the DRE performance are further discussed, such as DRE bypass techniques, non-uniform sampling, and chunk overlap.
Renal targeting of captopril selectively enhances the intrarenal over the systemic effects of ACE inhibition in rats (2003)

British Journal of Pharmacology (2003) 138 , 531. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705183
Identification of a membrane glycoprotein overexpressed in murine lymphoma sublines resistant to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). (1990)

A series of murine thymic lymphoma cell sublines was selected in vitro for resistance to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP). The level of CDDP resistance correlated with reduced drug accumulation in these cells. A rabbit antiserum was raised against the plasma membrane of a CDDP-resistant subline and used in Western blot analyses. Increased expression of a surface antigen of approximately 200 kDa was observed and found to correlate with the degree of resistance. Further biochemical and immunological studies demonstrated that this is a plasma membrane glycoprotein. However, it is different from the multidrug resistance-associated P-glycoprotein with a molecular weight of about 170,000. We have called this unique CDDP resistance-associated membrane protein CPR-200.
Identification of chimpanzee subspecies with DNA from hair and allele-specific probes (1992)

We describe a non-invasive method of determining the subspecies identity of common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), based on subspecies-specific sequence differences in the mitochondrial genome. This procedure involves the extraction of DNA from hair, the amplification of a short (410 base pair (b.p.)) segment of the non-coding displacement loop (D-loop) by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and subspecies identification based on rapid allele-specific oligonucleotide (ASO) probe dot-blot typing. This approach will contribute to: (i) the colony-level management of captive chimpanzees by enabling managers to recognize hybrids between subspecies and minimize outbreeding depression; (ii) the recognition of inappropriately matched individuals in comparative behavioural and experimental studies; and (iii) forensic questions surrounding the origin of illegally traded animals.
TERPENOIDS XV.<sup>1</sup> THE CONSTITUTION OF IRESIN. A NEW FUNDAMENTAL SESQUITERPENE SKELETON. (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTERPENOIDS XV.1 THE CONSTITUTION OF IRESIN. A NEW FUNDAMENTAL SESQUITERPENE SKELETON.Carl Djerassi, W. Rittel, A. L. Nussbaum, F. W. Donovan, and J. HerranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 24, 6410–6411Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01653a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01653a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strategies and Methods for Research on Sex Differences in Brain and Behavior (2004)

Female and male brains differ. Differences begin early during development due to a combination of genetic and hormonal events and continue throughout the lifespan of an individual. Although researchers from a myriad of disciplines are beginning to appreciate the importance of considering sex differences in the design and interpretation of their studies, this is an area that is full of potential pitfalls. A female's reproductive status and ovarian cycle have to be taken into account when studying sex differences in health and disease susceptibility, in the pharmacological effects of drugs, and in the study of brain and behavior. To investigate sex differences in brain and behavior there is a logical series of questions that should be answered in a comprehensive investigation of any trait. First, it is important to determine that there is a sex difference in the trait in intact males and females, taking into consideration the reproductive cycle of the female. Then, one must consider whether the sex difference is attributable to the actions of gonadal steroids at the time of testing and/or is sexually differentiated permanently by the action of gonadal steroids during development. To answer these questions requires knowledge of how to assess and/or manipulate the hormonal condition of the subjects in the experiment appropriately. This article describes methods and procedures to assist scientists new to the field in designing and conducting experiments to investigate sex differences in research involving both laboratory animals and humans.
Lactose-modified DNA tile nanostructures as drug carriers (2016)

The findings of this study suggest that DNA-based nanostructures modified with carbohydrates can be used as suitable multifunctional nanocarriers with simple chemical modifications.
Role of Extracellular Signal‐Regulated Protein Kinases 1 and 2 in Oligodendroglial Process Extension (1997)

The relationship between extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) activation and process extension in cultured bovine oligodendrocytes (OLGs) was investigated. Process extension was induced through the exposure of cultured OLGs to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), for various intervals. During the isolation of these OLGs from bovine brain, the original processes were lost. Therefore, any reinitiation of process extension via PMA stimulation was easily discemible through morphological monitoring. It was found that exposure of OLGs to PMA for 10 min was enough to induce OLG process extension 24-72 h later. Furthermore, this extension was still evident at least 1 week after the initial PMA stimulation, indicating that OLGs do not need continuous PKC activation to sustain process extension. Control and PMA-stimulated OLGs were also subjected to immunocytochemistry using an anti-ERK antibody selective for the mitogen-activated protein kinases p42 Erk2 (ERK2) and p44 Erk1 (ERK1) isoforms. ERK immunoreactivity in the nucleus was evident after PMA stimulation of OLGs but not in control OLGs. In parallel experiments, the control and PMA-stimulated OLGs were purified by Mono Q fractionation and subjected to ERK phosphotransferase assays using [gamma-32P]ATP and either myelin basic protein (MBP) or a synthetic peptide substrate based on the Thr97 phosphorylation site in MBP. These assays indicated that in PMA-treated OLGs, ERK activation was at least 12-fold higher than in control OLGs. Anti-ERK and anti-phosphotyrosine western blots of the assay fractions verified an enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1 and ERK2 in PMA-treated fractions relative to control fractions. When OLGs were pretreated for 15 min with the ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD 098059 before PMA stimulation, they exhibited a 67% decrease in ERK activation as compared with cells treated with PMA alone. Furthermore, these MEK inhibitor-pretreated cells were still viable but showed no process extensions up to 1 week later. Therefore, we propose that a threshold level of ERK activity is required for the initiation of OLG process extension.
An <i>Arabidopsis</i> Mutant Defective in the Plastid General Protein Import Apparatus (1998)

Elaborate mechanisms have evolved for the translocation of nucleus-encoded proteins across the plastid envelope membrane. Although putative components of the import apparatus have been identified biochemically, their role in import remains to be proven in vivo. An Arabidopsis mutant lacking a new component of the import machinery [translocon at the outer envelope membrane of chloroplasts (Toc33), a 33-kilodalton protein] has been isolated. The functional similarity of Toc33 to another translocon component (Toc34) implies that multiple different translocon complexes are present in plastids. Processes that are mediated by Toc33 operate during the early stages of plastid and leaf development. The data demonstrate the in vivo role of a translocon component in plastid protein import.
Natürliche Pteridin-Pigmente: Schmetterlings- und Augen-farbstoffe (1994)

Pteridine pigments are widely distributed in nature and are found as colouring matter especially in butterfly wings and insects. The butterfly pigments consists of relatively simple chemical structures but of unusual physical properties whereas the eye pigments from insects are composed of more complex structural arrangements. The biosynthesis of these pigments has been unravelled in detail and reveals a close structural relationship of the various types of compounds.
Spatial Proteomic Approach to Characterize Skeletal Muscle Myofibers (2020)

Skeletal muscle myofibers have differential protein expression resulting in functionally distinct slow- and fast-twitch types. While certain protein classes are well-characterized, the depth of all proteins involved in this process is unknown. We utilized the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and the HPASubC tool to classify mosaic expression patterns of staining across 49,600 unique tissue microarray (TMA) images using a visual proteomic approach. We identified 2164 proteins with potential mosaic expression, of which 1605 were categorized as "likely" or "real." This list included both well-known fiber-type-specific and novel proteins. A comparison of the 1605 mosaic proteins with a mass spectrometry (MS)-derived proteomic dataset of single human muscle fibers led to the assignment of 111 proteins to fiber types. We additionally used a multiplexed immunohistochemistry approach, a multiplexed RNA-ISH approach, and STRING v11 to further assign or suggest fiber types of newly characterized mosaic proteins. This visual proteomic analysis of mature skeletal muscle myofibers greatly expands the known repertoire of twitch-type-specific proteins.
Alias annotations for program understanding (2002)

One of the primary challenges in building and evolving large object-oriented systems is understanding aliasing between objects. Unexpected aliasing can lead to broken invariants, mistaken assumptions, security holes, and surprising side effects, all of which may lead to software defects and complicate software evolution.This paper presents AliasJava, a capability-based alias annotation system for Java that makes alias patterns explicit in the source code, enabling developers to reason more effectively about the interactions in a complex system. We describe our implementation, prove the soundness of the annotation system, and give an algorithm for automatically inferring alias annotations. Our experience suggests that the annotation system is practical, that annotation inference is efficient and yields appropriate annotations, and that the annotations can express important invariants of data structures and of software architectures.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE HOUSE RAT Rattus norvegicus FOR JAPANESE B ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS (1951)

It is known that the house rat (Rattus norvegicus) is not susceptible for Japanese B encephalitis (JBE) virus. The young rats weighing 60-70g were inoculated intracerebrally with an amount of 0.05cc of 10% brain suspension infected with the virus, strain No. 2869, which had been isolated from an encephalitis horse brain in Chiba 1947 and transferred mice to mice up to the 15th generation. The amount of virus in the rat brain was followed up daily by calculating LD 50 in each brain suspension. The virus was found gradually to decrease in titer by the 6th day while no more virus on the 3rd or the 4th days in the virus suspension preserved in the incubator of 37°C.The virus was found 3 days longer in the brain of rats, injected with virus suspension mixed with autolyzed nornal rat brain suspension than in the brain injected with the virus suspension without autolyzed brain. However, there was no evidence that the autolyzed brain suspension enhanced the multiplication or promotion of the growth of virus in the brain.Neither complement fixing antibody nor neutralizing antibodies were found in the sera cellected daily by the 30th day from the rats infected with single attack.
Phosphate Recovery from Water as Hydroxyapatite with Activated Oystershell (2005)

A technology for phosphate recovery was developed using waste oyster shell as a raw material in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Raw oyster shell that causes a major disposal problem in coastal aquaculture regions was converted to activated oyster shell (AOS) by pyrolysis under defined conditions. A prototype of precipitates collection ports was devised relating to AOS particle size and flow velocity. The optimum conditions determined were applied to wastewater for phosphate recovery with the knowledge of mass balance in the FBR system.
Ginkgolides and Bilobalide: Their Physical, Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Properties (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetically induced currents and fields in the canine heart: a finite element study (2002)

A three-dimensional finite element model representing the conductive anatomy of the canine thorax was used to study magnetically induced currents in the myocardium. In this study, we simulated an applied magnetic field previously shown to cause irregular cardiac activity in canine experiments. We investigated the influence of model shape, conductive inhomogeneity, and anisotropy on the spatial distribution of the induced myocardial current density and its maximum (J/sub max/). Results suggest that shape, conductive inhomogeneity and anisotropy substantially influence myocardial current distributions and J/sub max/. Neglecting these factors yields results that substantially overestimate J/sub max/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sh3tc2 deficiency affects neuregulin‐1/ErbB signaling (2013)

Mutations in SH3TC2 trigger autosomal recessive demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 4C (CMT4C) neuropathy. Sh3tc2 is specifically expressed in Schwann cells and is necessary for proper myelination of peripheral axons. In line with the early onset of neuropathy observed in patients with CMT4C, our analyses of the murine model of CMT4C revealed that the myelinating properties of Sh3tc2-deficient Schwann cells are affected at an early stage. This early phenotype is associated with changes in the canonical Nrg1/ErbB pathway involved in control of myelination. We demonstrated that Sh3tc2 interacts with ErbB2 and plays a role in the regulation of ErbB2 intracellular trafficking from the plasma membrane upon Nrg1 activation. Interestingly, both the loss of Sh3tc2 function in mice and the pathological mutations present in CMT4C patients affect ErbB2 internalization, potentially altering its downstream intracellular signaling pathways. Altogether, our results indicate that the molecular mechanism for the axonal size sensing is disturbed in Sh3tc2-deficient myelinating Schwann cells, thus providing a novel insight into the pathophysiology of CMT4C neuropathy.
Strengthening of Preloaded RC Beams Using Hybrid Carbon Sheets (2007)

Reinforced concrete (RC) beams subject to service loads of 40 or 60% of steel yielding were strengthened using hybrid continuous carbon fiber sheets. The hybrid systems were made of high-strength and high-modulus carbon sheets, and compared with systems using only high-strength carbon. It was found that the use of high-modulus carbon sheets in hybrid systems could increase the yielding load, the flexural stiffness, the postyielding ductility, and reduce the crack opening in concrete. The slope changes on load-deflection curves at steel yielding are not noticeable in hybrid systems. The tensile strains developed in hybrid sheets after the fracture of high-modulus carbon are higher in magnitude and distributed in a larger area, leading to an ultimate carbon fracture with concrete crushing. These unique features are attributed to the high stiffness and low ultimate tensile strain of the high-modulus carbon fibers which stiffen the structures, avoid or delay the fiber-reinforced polymer debonding, and facilitate the deformability during their subsequent breakdown.
Effect of oral clodronate on structural damage and bone turnover in rheumatoid arthritis. (2012)

Oral clodronate did not retard the focal bone damage in RA despite its beneficial effect on overall bone metabolism, as judged by the decrease in the reference bone biomarkers.
Performance Analysis for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Personal Area Networks (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction IEEE 802.15.4 Transmission Procedure Our MBS and AGA Schemes for IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Conclusion References
Identity and deception in the virtual community (2002)

Identity plays a key role in virtual communities. In communication, which is the primary activity, knowing the identity of those with whom you communicate is essential for understanding and evaluating an interaction. Yet in the disembodied world of the virtual community, identity is also ambiguous. Many of the basic cues about personality and social role we are accustomed to in the physical world are absent. The goal of this chapter is to understand how identity is established in an online community and to examine the effects of identity deception and the conditions that give rise to it.
Space-qualified silicon avalanche-photodiode single-photon-counting modules (2004)

Abstract A space-qualified silicon avalanche-photodiode (APD) based single-photon-counting-module (SPCM) was developed for the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) on board NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat). Numerous improvements were made over the commercially available SPCMs in both performance and reliability. The measured optoelectronic parameters include, 65% photon detection efficiency at the 532nm wavelength, 15–17 mega-counts per second (Mcps) maximum count rate and less than 200s−1 dark counts before exposure to space radiation.