gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Practical Approach to Animal Models of Sepsis (2008)

The underlying mechanisms active during the pathogenesis of sepsis are not clearly defined; however, several animal models of sepsis have been used in an attempt to understand these complex cellular and molecular interactions that result in disease. There are three general categories of sepsis models, the host barrier disruption model, the chemical shock model, and the exogenous infection model. Host barrier disruption sepsis models initiate infection with the release of endogenous bacteria into normally sterile compartments. The chemical shock model employs intravenous or intraperitoneal administration of a toll-like receptor (TLR) agent, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin) or zymosan, to initiate a state of proinflammatory cytokine-induced shock. The exogenous infection model of sepsis utilizes administration of an exogenous viable pathogen, typically bacteria, directly (by an intravenous or intraperitoneal route) into the host. Each of these models has particular strengths and weaknesses with respect to their ability to mimic the clinical progression of sepsis in human patients.
Method of controlling reverse power flow of PV system with heat pump water heater (2012)

We have developed an optimal management planning method for the efficient use of a photovoltaic generation system with heat pump water heater and battery storage. This plan can prevent shortage of hot water while minimizing the cost and maximizing customer convenience and can deal with multiple scenarios corresponding to uncertainties in forecasting PV output, hot water and electricity demand. A simulation was performed to analyze daily operation with the proposed planning method in terms of year-round hot water demand, electricity demand, and PV output. An experiment was also conducted using the heat pump water heater to demonstrate the proposed method.
An iterative image reconstruction algorithm combined with forward and backward diffusion filtering for in-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (2018)

In-line X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (IL-PCCT) can reveal fine inner structures for low-Z materials (e.g. biological soft tissues), and shows high potential to become clinically applicable. Typically, IL-PCCT utilizes filtered back-projection (FBP) as the standard reconstruction algorithm. However, the FBP algorithm requires a large amount of projection data, and subsequently a large radiation dose is needed to reconstruct a high-quality image, which hampers its clinical application in IL-PCCT. In this study, an iterative reconstruction algorithm for IL-PCCT was proposed by combining the simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART) with eight-neighbour forward and backward (FAB8) diffusion filtering, and the reconstruction was performed using the Shepp-Logan phantom simulation and a real synchrotron IL-PCCT experiment. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to produce high-quality computed tomography images from few-view projections while improving the convergence rate of the computed tomography reconstruction, indicating that the proposed algorithm is an effective method of dose reduction for IL-PCCT.
An architectural blueprint for a pluggable version control system for software (evolution) analysis (2012)

Current version control systems are not built to be systematically analyzed. They have greatly evolved since their first appearance, but their focus has always been towards supporting developers in forward engineering activities. Supporting the analysis of the development history has so far been neglected. A plethora of third party applications have been built to fill this gap. To extract the data needed, they use interfaces that were not built for that. Drawing from our experience in mining and analyzing version control repositories, we propose an architectural blueprint for a plug-in based version control system in which analyses can be directly plugged into it in a flexible and lightweight way, to support both developers and analysts. We show the potential of this approach in three usage scenarios and we also give some examples for these analysis plug-ins.
Interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum deposited yttrium thin films on (111)Si at low temperatures (1993)

Interfacial reactions of ultrahigh vacuum deposited yttrium thin films on atomically clean (111)Si at low temperatures have been studied by both conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Auger electron spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction. A 10-nm-thick yttrium thin film, deposited onto (111)Si at room temperature, was found to completely intermix with Si to form an 11-nm-thick amorphous interlayer. Crystalline Y5Si3 and Si were observed to nucleate first within the amorphous interlayer in samples annealed at temperatures lower than 200 °C. Epitaxial YSi2−x was found to be the only phase formed at the interface of amorphous interlayer and crystalline Si in samples annealed at temperatures higher than 250 °C. In as deposited 20- to 60-nm-thick Y thin films on silicon samples, crystalline Y5Si3, Si, and YSi and a 2.5-nm-thick amorphous layer were found to be present simultaneously. Good correlations were found among difference in atomic size between metal and Si atoms, the calculated free energy of mixing as well as the critical and maximum amorphous interlayer thickness for the Y/Si and a number of refractory metal/Si systems. The Y/Si system is the only system found up to date among all metal/Si systems that the a interlayer can be grown to a thickness exceeding 10 nm during deposition at room temperature.
Backing into the Future: Motatau Bilingual School (2021)

This article tells a story of struggles and triumphs experienced by the Motatau Maori community located in the Bay of Islands, Nezv Zealand, as they took local control of their school. The impact of educational reforms, government policies, re­sponsibilities of the Board of Trustees, and curriculum innovation are examined through participant observation, interviews, and critical reflection. Successive governments have placed Maori people in difficult situations where they have had to take on responsibility for administering their school with insufficient financial resources while the government maintains real power over the curriculum and policies. The researcher and community realize the importance of fully under­ standing one's history through examining power relations and then using the power of culture and community commitment to their children to provide quality education.
The phylogenetic distribution of ultraviolet sensitivity in birds (2013)

By mapping our results together with data from previous studies on a molecular phylogeny we show that avian colour vision shifted between VS and UVS at least 14 times. Single nucleotide substitutions can explain all these shifts. The common ancestor of birds most likely had a VS phenotype. However, the ancestral state of the avian SWS1 opsin's spectral tuning sites cannot be resolved, since the Palaeognathae are F86, C90 while the Neognathae are ancestrally S86, S90. The phylogenetic distribution of UVS and VS colour vision in birds is so complex that inferences of spectral sensitivities from closely related taxa should be used with caution.
Proportions of Antigen and Antibody in Tests for Rh Antibodies (1942)

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF Rh FACTOR BRILjsH out of 48 cases the agglutinin was anti-Rh.In the remaining 4 cases it was either anti-A or anti-B.Because of this latter finding it is considered that the anti-A and the anti-B agglutinins are capable of qausing destruction of the infant's erythrocytes in a certain number of cases and thus, in some instances, of being the main causative factor of the erythroblastosis.The finding of weak Rh antibodies in the sera of the mothers of some babies with "physiological jaundice" supports the idea that there is no clear-cut distinction, from the clinical point of view, between mild and severe jaundice of the newborn.At the present time, if serological tests are used as an aid in the diagnosis of doubtful cases of erythroblastosis, com- patibility of the mother's serum with the infant's erythrocytes may be regarded as a strong point against the diagnosis, provided that the mother's serum is examined by a sensitive technique between 7 and 21 days after delivery.On the other hand, if the mother's erythrocytes are shown to be Rh-negative and her serum is found to contain anti-Rh agglutinins, the diagnosis is strongly supported.A change in the method of selection of blood donors in certain cases is urgently needed.This applies particularly in the case of transfusion of recently delivered women and, above all, whenever there is any suspicion that the present infant is affected with erythroblastosis or when there is any previous l history of the birth of jaundiced babies or of stillbirths without obvious cause.At the same time, a modification of the present method of testing for compatibility between the bloods of donor and recipient must be made.Methods for carrying out these tests are described, and compromise procedures are discussed for cases in which there are no facilities for making these tests.It is recommended that every blood bank takes steps to establish a panel of group 0 Rh-negative donors whose blood will be available, first, for the transfusion of the cases referred to above, and, secondly, for use as a routine in the transfusion of infants affected with erythroblastosis (when transfusion is required).We should like to thank the staff of the Hospital for Sick Children.Great Ormond Street, and the following medical officers, all of whom have given us much help by drawing our attention to cases and allowing us access to them, and in many instances by collecting samples and supplying very useful clinical
Invasive aspergillosis in organ transplant recipients: new issues in epidemiologic characteristics, diagnosis, and management (2005)

Changing transplantation practices, novel immunosuppressive protocols, and evolving recipient characteristics have led to notable changes in the epidemiology of invasive aspergillosis in transplant recipients. The frequency of disseminated infection and of central nervous system involvement has declined significantly in organ transplant recipients in the recent years. Amongst variables that may have contributed to these trends is an overall lesser severity of illness of transplant recipients in the current era. Calcineurin-inhibitor immunosuppressive agents may also have had a role in altering the disease course and the risk of dissemination. A new paradigm in the management of post-transplant immunosuppression is the use of calcineurin-inhibitor and corticosteroid sparing regimens by pretreatment of the recipient with T-cell depleting agents (Campath 1-H or thymoglobulin) and utilization of minimal post-transplant immunosuppression. The impact of these potent lymphoablative regimens on opportunistic mycoses in organ transplant recipients remains to be fully discerned. Although still unacceptably high, the mortality rate in organ transplant recipients with invasive aspergillosis in the current era appears to have declined. A focus of a great interest and controversy is the use of combination therapy for invasive aspergillosis in transplant recipients.
Development and Validation of New Control Algorithm for Parallel Hybrid Electric Transit Bus (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The new control algorithm for parallel hybrid electric vehicle is presented systematically, in which engine operation points are limited within higher efficient area by the control algorithm and the state of charge (SOC) is limited in a range in order to enhance the batteries' charging and discharging efficiency. In order to determine the ideal operating point of the vehicle's engine, the control strategy uses a lookup table to determine the torque output of the engine. The off-line simulation model of parallel HEV power train is developed which includes the control system and controlled objective (such as engine, electric motor, battery pack and so on). The results show that the control algorithm can effectively limite engine and battery operation points and much more fuel economy can be achieved than that of conventional one.</div>
Management of Diseases Without Current Treatment Options (2009)

After being diagnosed with a disabling, chronic disease, such as some retinal diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, there is nothing more disheartening than for the patient to hear that nothing can be done to treat it.Tragically, some diseases still lack a medical treatment to slow, stop, or reverse their course.In addition, even when therapy is available to treat a chronic disease, some patients are often left with distressing symptoms.Research to alleviate these symptoms has received relatively little attention, and physicians struggle with how to provide care for these patients.Studies are needed to understand and mitigate patients' disease-related symptoms that often result in significant distress, morbidity, and reduced quality of life.In this Commentary, we discuss research that is based on patient feedback and focused on investigating the concerns pertinent to patients.
A cre-inducible DUX4 transgenic mouse model for investigating facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (2018)

The Double homeobox 4 (DUX4) gene is an important regulator of early human development and its aberrant expression is causal for facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). The DUX4-full length (DUX4-fl) mRNA splice isoform encodes a transcriptional activator; however, DUX4 and its unique DNA binding preferences are specific to old-world primates. Regardless, the somatic cytotoxicity caused by DUX4 expression is conserved when expressed in cells and animals ranging from fly to mouse. Thus, viable animal models based on DUX4-fl expression have been difficult to generate due in large part to overt developmental toxicity of low DUX4-fl expression from leaky transgenes. We have overcome this obstacle and here we report the generation and initial characterization of a line of conditional floxed DUX4-fl transgenic mice, FLExDUX4, that is viable and fertile. In the absence of cre, these mice express a very low level of DUX4-fl mRNA from the transgene, resulting in mild phenotypes. However, when crossed with appropriate cre-driver lines of mice, the double transgenic offspring readily express DUX4-fl mRNA, protein, and target genes with the spatiotemporal pattern of nuclear cre expression dictated by the chosen system. When cre is expressed from the ACTA1 skeletal muscle-specific promoter, the double transgenic animals exhibit a developmental myopathy. When crossed with tamoxifen-inducible cre lines, DUX4-mediated pathology can be induced in adult animals. Thus, the appearance and progression of pathology can be controlled to provide readily screenable phenotypes useful for assessing therapeutic approaches targeting DUX4-fl mRNA and protein. Overall, the FLExDUX4 line of mice is quite versatile and will allow new investigations into mechanisms of DUX4-mediated pathophysiology as well as much-needed pre-clinical testing of DUX4-targeted FSHD interventions in vivo.
Patterned Si thin film electrodes for enhancing structural stability (2012)

A patterned film (electrode) with lozenge-shaped Si tiles could be successfully fabricated by masking with an expanded metal foil during film deposition. Its electrochemical properties and structural stability during the charge-discharge process were examined and compared with those of a continuous (conventional) film electrode. The patterned electrode exhibited a remarkably improved cycleability (75% capacity retention after 120 cycles) and an enhanced structural stability compared to the continuous electrode. The good electrochemical performance of the patterned electrode was attributed to the space between Si tiles that acted as a buffer against the volume change of the Si electrode.
Relationship between early proteinuria and long term outcome of kidney transplanted patients from different decades of donor age (2019)

Post-transplant proteinuria was increasingly harmful with older donor age. Proteinuria ≥0.5 g/day correlates with worse outcomes in all transplanted patients. Prognostic value of proteinuria and eGFR for graft and patient survival was comparable and these two variables remain significant risk factors even in a multivariate model that take into consideration the most important clinical variables (donor age, rejection, delayed graft function and cytomegalovirus viremia among others).
A nonpeptidic agonist of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptors with efficacy in diabetic <i>db</i> / <i>db</i> mice (2007)

Peptidic mimics of the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP) 1, exemplified by the recently approved drug exenatide, show promise as therapies for type 2 diabetes. Such "incretin mimetics" regulate glucose appearance in the plasma and can restore glucose-stimulated insulin secretion without excess risk of hypoglycemia. The need for injection, which may limit the use of peptidic GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists, has driven largely unsuccessful efforts to find smaller molecules. The failure to identify orally effective agonists has instead promoted the indirect approach of inhibiting the GLP-1-degrading enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV. Here we report a nonpeptidic GLP-1R agonist with sufficient activity to evoke effects in whole animals, including antidiabetic efficacy in db/db mice. Two substituted cyclobutanes (S4P and Boc5) were developed after screening a compound library against a cell line stably cotransfected with GLP-1R and a cAMP-responsive reporter. Each bound to GLP-1R and increased intracellular cAMP. Agonist effects were blocked by the GLP-1R antagonist exendin(9-39). Boc5 amplified glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated rat islets. Both i.p. and oral administration of Boc5 dose-dependently inhibited food intake in mice, an effect that could be blocked by pretreatment with exendin(9-39). Daily injections of Boc5 into db/db mice reduced HbA1c to nondiabetic values, an effect not observed in ad libitum-fed or pair-fed diabetic controls. Thus, Boc5 behaved as a full GLP-1 mimetic in vitro and in vivo. The chemical genus represented by Boc5 may prompt the exploration of orally available GLP-1R agonists with potential utility in diabetes and obesity.
A deep learning-based system to track and analyze customer behavior in retail store (2018)

The present work introduces an emotional tracking system to monitor Shopping Experience at different touchpoints in a retail store, based on the elaboration of the information extracted from biometric data and facial expressions. A preliminary test has been carried out to determine the system effectiveness in a real context regarding to emotion detection and customers' sex, age and ethnicity discrimination. To this end, information provided by the system have been compare with the results of a traditional video analysis. Results suggest that the proposed system can be effectively used to support the analysis of customer experience in a retail context.
Novel TPMS sensing chip with pressure sensor embedded in accelerometer (2013)

This study reports the design architecture to embed piezoresistive pressure sensor into accelerometer (PinG sensor) on a single chip by using the cavity-SOI process. The monolithic sensing chip can find various applications such as tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS), etc. The merits of the presented design includes significant chip size reduction by integrating the diaphragm of pressure sensor into the proof-mass of accelerometer, as well as better manufacturability through combining piezoresistor (PZR) process and CSOI process. Preliminary tests demonstrated the feasibility of detecting both pressure and acceleration using the presented PinG sensor. This design architecture is also applicable for other sensors integration.
Surface Parameters and Biological Activity of <i>N</i>‐(3‐(Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonio) Propyl) Alkanamide Chloride Cationic Surfactants (2016)

Abstract Three cationic surfactants containing amide groups were prepared by quaternization of dimethylaminopropylamine with benzyl chloride. FTIR and 1 H‐NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the chemical structure of the prepared cationic surfactants. The surface parameters were estimated using surface tension measurements at three different temperatures. The prepared cationic surfactant showed a lower CMC than conventional cationic surfactants. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption and micellization depend mainly of alkyl chain length and temperature. The adsorption process is more favorable than micellization. The biological activity of the three surfactants was estimated using inhibition zone showing that amidoamine cationic surfactants have good activity and the surfactants C12Bn is the most effective one.
Accident Lane Prediction Using Probabilistic Inference (2019)

In this study a Bayesian Hierarchical Model for predicting the accident lane using the average section speed and density data obtained from a sensor or GPS was developed. With the assumption that speed and density values are normally distributed in an accident situation depending on the lane the accident has occurred, we have modelled the related parameters and predicted the probability of occurrence for each lane. This method can be used in real time traffic services where accidents are recorded by users or detected by other algorithms in order to alert the drivers about the lane of the accident. The awareness to the accident lane can ease the channeling of vehicles to the non-accident lanes and can help prevent the secondary accidents.
Biasing techniques for linear power amplifiers (2002)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Magnetic Field Waveform Measurement Using Pulsed Laser (2011)

Electromagnetic interference(EMI) is a serious problem in integrated circuits, and many studies on EMI measurement have been done. Generally, a metal probe is used to measure the electromagnetic wave, however, the metal probe disarranges the state of the electromagnetic wave. Another problem is that high resolution measurement is required. Because the operating frequency of the integrated circuit is very high, a very high frequency magnetic field measurement is required. To solve these problems, measurement using the magneto-optical effect is suitable. Magneto-optical materials have a smaller effect than that using the metal probe, and the optical measurement is advantageous in the undeformed magnetic field measurement. To achieve high resolution we used a pulsed laser with a short pulse width and propose the stroboscopic method of measurement. The stroboscopic method is advantageous in that it is possible to measure a magnetic field in an arbitrary phase because it synchronizes laser pulses with the magnetic field. In measurements of magnetic field waveforms, it was clarified that the stroboscopic method was effective for measuring magnetic field waveforms and distributions at an arbitrary phase.
Performance Analysis of the IEEE 802.16 Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (2005)

In this paper, we propose a new QoS architecture for the IEEE 802.16a MAC protocol and present a bandwidth allocation and admission control policy for the architecture. Our architecture provides QoS support to real-time traffic with high priority while maintaining throughput performance to an acceptable level for low priority traffic. Analytical and simulation results assure advantages of our architecture.