gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Point Mutations in Centromeric Histone Induce Post-zygotic Incompatibility and Uniparental Inheritance (2015)

The centromeric histone 3 variant (CENH3, aka CENP-A) is essential for the segregation of sister chromatids during mitosis and meiosis. To better define CENH3 functional constraints, we complemented a null allele in Arabidopsis with a variety of mutant alleles, each inducing a single amino acid change in conserved residues of the histone fold domain. Many of these transgenic missense lines displayed wild-type growth and fertility on self-pollination, but exhibited frequent post-zygotic death and uniparental inheritance when crossed with wild-type plants. The failure of centromeres marked by these missense mutation in the histone fold domain of CENH3 reproduces the genome elimination syndromes described with chimeric CENH3 and CENH3 from diverged species. Additionally, evidence that a single point mutation is sufficient to generate a haploid inducer provide a simple one-step method for the identification of non-transgenic haploid inducers in existing mutagenized collections of crop species. As proof of the extreme simplicity of this approach to create haploid-inducing lines, we performed an in silico search for previously identified point mutations in CENH3 and identified an Arabidopsis line carrying the A86V substitution within the histone fold domain. This A87V non-transgenic line, while fully fertile on self-pollination, produced postzygotic death and uniparental haploids when crossed to wild type.
A unified framework for constructing globally convergent algorithms for multidimensional coefficient inverse problems (2004)

We present a unified framework for constructing the globally convergent algorithms for a broad class of multidimensional coefficient inverse problems arising in natural science and industry. Based on the convexification approach, the unified framework substantiates the numerical solution of the corresponding problem of nonconvex optimization. A globally convergent iterative algorithm for an inverse problem of diffuse optical mammography is constructed. It utilizes the contraction property of a nonlinear operator resulting from applying the convexification approach. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated in computational experiments.
Development of a 385-500 GHz Orthomode Transducer (OMT) (2008)

Abstract —We report on the development of an orthom ode transducer (OMT) for ALMA Band 8 (385-500 GHz). The OMT is a scaled model of that of ALMA Band 4 (125-163 GHz), which has a Bφifot junction and a double ridge. The transmission loss of the OMT at 4 K was derived to be 0.4-0.5 dB from noise measurements with an SIS mixer. The polarization isolation was measured to be la rger t han 20 dB from quasioptical measurements. For electromagnetic d esign, effe cts of mechanical errors have been studied and then a robust design with allowable mechanical errors of 10 μm has been obtained. I. I NTRODUCTION An orthomode transducer (OMT) is a passive waveguide device that separates a received signal by a feed horn into its two orthogonal linearly polarized components. For submillimeter receivers, the conventional way to separate orthogonal polarizations is to use a wire grid, which is a quasioptical device that consists of free-standing wires. Optical systems of a dual polarization receiver with a wire grid or an OMT are shown in Fig.1. The merits and demerits of an OMT compared with a wire grid are the following: Merits 1) Optical system of a receiver can be quite simple and compact. An ellipsoidal mirror, a corrugated horn, and a wire grid can be removed from that with a wire grid. 2) There is no beam squint between two polarizations. 3) A problem of the life time of a wire grid can be solved. Demerits 1) A Fabrication is relatively difficult. 2) The Joule loss of the waveguide is added, although an ideal wire grid has almost no loss. These demerits can be solved if we can design mechanical robust OMT, and if waveguide is gold-plated. The transmission loss at 4 K is calculated as 0.5 dB/ 25 mm at 385 GHz when the OMT is cooled down to 4 K. We assume the conductivity of gold film at 4 K is 1.0 x 10
Spatial and temporal variation in factors governing the radon source potential of soil (1988)

Soil is the predominant source of radon in most U.S. homes, particularly for those homes with elevated indoor concentrations.Three factors help gov~m the indoor radon concentration, the radon production rate in the soil, the air permeability of the soil surrounding the building substructure, and the coupling between the soil and the building.In order to evaluate the spatial and temporal variability of the first two factors, soil permeabilities and soil gas radon concentrations have been measured at different locations and as a function of time.The spatial variability in permeability measurements at an individual homesite was seen to range from approximately a factor of ten to more than four orders of magnitude.Similarly, spatial variations in soil gas radon concentrations are less than a factor of two at some homesites to a factor of -200 at others.The temporal changes in permeability and soil gas radon at a given sampling location are somewhat smaller, yielding variations ranging from less than a factor of two to a factor of -90 in the case of permeability, and from less than a factor of three to a factor of -40 for soil gas radon concentrations.A method of combining measurements of soil gas radon and air permeability to provide a characteristic parameter -the radon source potential -has been developed and is briefly reviewed.Calculated indoor radon concentrations, based on measured values of radon source potential at a few sample homesites, correlate with the measured indoor radon concentrations .-iii-
Adaptive detection algorithms for multiple-target spectral data (1977)

The problem of detecting narrowband signal components in broadband noise is considered. The optimum two-sample detector for the single-target situation is shown to be seriously degraded by the presence of other target lines in the (assumed) noise-only sample. Modified two-sample statistics, based on ranking and censoring techniques, are then proposed and analyzed. These statistics maintain acceptable performance when fewer than a specified number of interfering targets are present, and require only a minor increase-in signal-to-noise ratio to equal the single-target performance of the optimum two-sample statistic.
Hybrid Digital-Analog Transmission for the Gaussian One-Helper Problem (2010)

The one-helper joint source-channel coding problem, in which a main source is to be reconstructed with minimum distortion with the help of a correlated helper source, is studied. Focusing on the case of Gaussian sources and a Gaussian multiple access channel (MAC), a generalized hybrid digital-analog scheme is proposed, in which each user allocates its available power among the analog and digital signals and transmits a superposition of the two. It is shown that this generalized hybrid scheme reduces to pure analog or pure digital transmission depending on the system parameters. Finally, the optimal hybrid transmission strategy is identified analytically in certain special scenarios modeling legacy systems.
Progress on mid-IR graphene photonics and biochemical applications (2016)

Mid-infrared (mid-IR) (2–20 μm) photonics has numerous chemical and biologic “fingerprint” sensing applications due to characteristic vibrational transitions of molecules in the mid-IR spectral region. Unfortunately, compared to visible light and telecommunication band wavelengths, photonic devices and applications have been difficult to develop at mid-IR wavelengths because of the intrinsic limitation of conventional materials. Breaking a new ground in the mid-IR science and technology calls for revolutionary materials. Graphene, a single atom layer of carbon arranged in a honey-comb lattice, has various promising optical and electrical properties because of its linear dispersion band structure and zero band gap features. In this review article, we discuss recent research developments on mid-IR graphene photonics, in particular ultrafast lasers and photodetectors. Graphene-photonics-based biochemical applications, such as plasmonic sensing, photodynamic therapy, and florescence imaging are also reviewed.
Dynamical regimes in a monolithic passively mode-locked quantum dot laser (2010)

Operation regimes of a two section monolithic quantum dot (QD) mode-locked laser are studied experimentally with InGaAs lasers and theoretically, using a model that takes into account carrier exchange between QD ground state and two-dimensional reservoir of a QD-in-a-well structure. It is shown analytically and numerically that, when the absorber section is long enough, the laser exhibits bistability between laser off state and different mode-locking regimes. The Q-switching instability leading to slow modulation of the mode-locked pulse peak intensity is completely eliminated in this case. When, on the contrary, the absorber length is rather short, in addition to usual Q-switched mode-locking, pure Q-switching regimes are predicted theoretically and observed experimentally.
Quantification of the effects of astrocytes on oligodendroglial morphology (1997)

Oligodendrocytes in neonatal rat forebrain cultures grow either in isolation of other cells or upon astrocytes. Populations of both types of oligodendrocytes were used to quantify the effects of astrocytes on oligodendroglial morphology. Changes in oligodendroglial size and shape were determined by measurement of total process length, cell area, growth area, and fractal dimension. The directionality of process growth, quantified by measurement of the axes of growth, was also compared. Isolated oligodendrocytes exhibited greater total process length, greater cellular area, larger growth area, and a more complex boundary than oligodendrocytes growing upon astrocytes. Analysis of the axes of cellular growth revealed that the processes of isolated oligodendrocytes exhibited radial symmetry, whereas the processes of oligodendrocytes growing upon astrocytes were limited to an area demarcated by the astrocytic processes. These data suggest that, in neuron-free culture, the growth of oligodendroglial processes is modified by underlying astrocytic processes.
Ischemic hepatitis associated with toxic epidermal necrolysis in a cirrhotic patient treated with cefuroxime. (1997)

Ischemic hepatitis is rare in patients with liver cirrhosis and is usually precipitated by hypotension due to gastrointestinal bleeding. We describe a cirrhotic patient who developed ischemic hepatitis as a consequence of toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) caused by cefuroxime.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit (2009)

The rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections has increased significantly over the last years, especially from community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) sources. The true prevalence of these multidrug-resistant infections among the trauma patient population, however, is not well defined. A retrospective review of our surgical intensive care unit (SICU) database from April 2003 to April 2007 was performed to identify all trauma patients surviving 48 hours or more that had a positive culture result during their SICU stay. The results of the cultures were examined. A total of 582 SICU patients with 2,860 cultures were assessed for MRSA infection. Among these, 368 cultures (12.9%) in 36 patients were reported as MRSA positive. Thirteen of these patients fulfilled the criteria for a CA-MRSA infection. When outcomes were analyzed, no significant difference in mortality (8.7% vs 15.4%, P = 0.540) or hospital related charges ($364,231 +/- 323,719 vs $242,458 +/- 276,630, P = 0.091) was noted. Patients with a hospital-acquired MRSA infection, however, had longer hospital lengths of stay (42.7 +/- 47.1 vs 25.3 +/- 31.1, P = 0.037) than their community-associated counterparts. MRSA constitutes an important source of infection among critically ill trauma patients. CA-MRSA organisms may play an increasing pathogenic role in this population.
Thrombin and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation: Implications for Atherosclerosis and Restenosis (1996)

Despite long-standing knowledge about the relationship between thrombosis and atherosclerosis, the specific role of thrombin in modulating atherosclerosis and the response to vascular injury is not well understood. Thrombin receptor stimulation in vitro signals many cellular events that are associated with the response to vascular injury (atherosclerosis) in vivo. Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is an important component of the response to vascular injury. We have previously shown that human alpha-thrombin and the 14-amino acid human thrombin receptor-activating peptide (huTRAP-14) stimulate proliferation of cultured rat aortic SMCs. However, thrombin-induced SMC proliferation demonstrates delayed kinetics relative to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB, another potent SMC mitogen). Several mechanisms may be responsible for these delayed kinetics in vitro, including production of necessary secondary growth factors and thrombin-induced upregulation of its receptor. In vivo studies have demonstrated that thrombin inhibition limits the response to vascular injury in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit model of focal femoral atherosclerosis. However, this effect does not appear to be mediated by effects on early SMC proliferation. In this discussion, we will address the mechanisms of thrombin-induced SMC proliferation in vitro and apply this knowledge to our understanding of the role of thrombin inhibition in limiting the response to vascular injury in vivo.
Emulsifier‐free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with two different amino‐containing monomers: II. Surface and colloidal characterization (1997)

The colloidal and surface properties of copolymer latex particles prepared by batch emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene with two different amino-containing monomers (Amino Ethyl Methacrylate Hydrochloride (AEMH) and Vinyl Benzyl Amine Hydrochloride (VBAH)), and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V50) as initiator were investigated. The final particle size was found to decrease with increasing the functional monomer concentration. Different titration methods were used to quantify the surface amino (brought by the monomer) and amidino groups (originated from the initiator) on the latex particles. The same behavior was observed on both type of latexes: increasing the functional monomer concentration caused the surface amino groups density to increase from 0 to a plateau value at 8.2 μC/cm2, whereas the surface amidino groups density decreased from 18.5 to 2 μC/cm2. These results were confirmed by electrophoretic measurements and they corroborated those obtained in a previous kinetic study (Part 1) concerning the role of functional monomers as transfer agents. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2331–2342, 1997
Optimizing control flow in loops using interval and dependence analysis (2009)

We present a novel loop transformation technique, particularly well suited for optimizing embedded compilers, where an increase in compilation time is acceptable in exchange for significant performance increase. The transformation technique optimizes loops containing nested conditional blocks. Specifically, the transformation takes advantage of the fact that the Boolean value of the conditional expression, determining the true/false paths, can be statically analyzed using a novel interval analysis technique that can evaluate conditional expressions in the general polynomial form. Results from interval analysis combined with loop dependency information is used to partition the iteration space of the nested loop. In such cases, the loop nest is decomposed such as to eliminate the conditional test, thus substantially reducing the execution time. Our technique completely eliminates the conditional from the loops (unlike previous techniques) thus further facilitating the application of other optimizations and improving the overall speedup. Applying the proposed transformation technique on loop kernels taken from Mediabench, SPEC-2000, mpeg4, qsdpcm and gimp, on average we measured a 2.34X speedup when running on a UltraSPARC processor, a 2.92X speedup when running on an Intel Core Duo processor, a 2.44X speedup when running on a PowerPC G5 processor and a 2.04X speedup when running on an ARM9 processor. Performance improvement, taking the entire application into account, was also promising: for 3 selected applications (mpeg-enc, mpeg-dec and qsdpcm) we measured 15% speedup on best case (5% on average) for the whole application.
Molecularly‐Engineered Lubricants: Synthesis, Activation, and Tribological Characterization of Silver Complexes as Lubricant Additives (2011)

Abstract Many machines operate in harsh environments where elevated temperatures require careful consideration of the lubricant for optimal performance. Lubricant additives can be designed to improve properties of base oil at specific temperature ranges. In the present work, two [tris(phosphino)borate]AgL (L = PEt 3 ; NHC) complexes are synthesized and added to engine oil at various concentrations. The complexes thermolyze between 200 and 300 °C, yielding metallic Ag. A mixture of engine oil and the silver‐based nanoparticles provides fully flooded lubrication for pin‐on‐disk friction tests. A thermo‐elastohydrodynamic model for point contact is utilized to predict the pin loads at which flash temperatures between 200 and 300 °C occur, thus inducing thermal decomposition of the complexes. Results of the friction tests and wear measurements indicate a significant reduction in wear at 0.5–1.0% Ag complex weight concentrations and little change in friction. The improved wear performance is attributed to the thermolysis and deposition of the silver‐based complexes in the wear scar, as confirmed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis.
In Situ Observation of Time Dependent Electrochemical Activity of Cytochrome c at Bare Indium-Tin-Oxide Electrodes by Cyclic Voltammetry and Slab Optical Waveguide Spectroscopy (2008)

In situ observation of electrochemical activity and time dependent characteristics of cytochrome c (cyt c) was carried out in 0.01 M phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) containing 20µM cyt c solutions at bare indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes by using a cyclic voltammetry (CV) and a slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy. The bare ITO electrodes could retain the electrochemical activity of cyt c in the PBS solutions, indicating the great advantage of using ITO electrodes against other electrode materials, such as gold (Au). The CV curves and simultaneously observed the time-resolved SOWG absorption spectra in the consecutive cycles implied that the cyt c molecules could retain its own electrochemical function for a long time.
Zeolithe als Katalysatoren der Dehydratisierung von 2-Methylbutanal (1977)

Zeolithe, kristalline Alumosilikate, bieten nicht nur wegen ihrer hohen Acidität, die sie zur Katalyse von Carbeniumionen-reaktionen befähigen, sondern auch wegen einer Reihe weiterer Vorteile die besten Voraussetzungen für Grundlagenuntersuchungen von heterogen katalysierten Reaktionen. So ergeben sich für das gezielte Studium der sauer katalysierten Aldehyddehydratisierung neben dem Vorteil einer wohldefinierten Katalysatoroberfläche Möglichkeiten, sei es durch Variation der Acidität über Kationenaustausch, Dekationisierung oder Einsatz verschiedener Molsiebtypen oder über Veränderung von deren Porengröße, durch aciditätsbedingte oder rein größenmäßige Selektion, Einfluß auf Reaktion und Nebenreaktion zu nehmen. Die Grundlagen für diese Überlegungen wurden bereits oben erörtert.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Recognition by CD‐Sensitive Dimeric Zinc Porphyrin Host. Part 1. Chiroptical Protocol for Absolute Configurational Assignments of Monoalcohols and Primary Monoamines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Implementation of Frequency Domain Equalizer for Single Carrier Transmission (2008)

Single-carrier (SC) transmission using frequency domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion is an efficient way to combat the effects of frequency selective fading. In this paper, we discuss several key aspects concerning the implementation of a frequency domain equalizer and propose a feasible design. One of the problems is the implementation of the division operator used to compute the equalization weights. The CORDIC algorithm was employed for this as it reduces the hardware overhead. The proposed design was implemented in a FPGA and the performance was evaluated through experimental data.
Structuration and integration of magnetic molecules and nanoparticles on surfaces and devices by directwrite AFM lithography (2011)

La progresiva miniaturizacion de los materiales a la escala nanometrica ha abierto en la ultima decada nuevas expectativas en el campo de la Ciencia de Materiales. Dichos materiales nanometricos presentan propiedades unicas, difiriendo a menudo de las propiedades del propio material a la macroescala, las cuales abren un amplio abanico de nuevas fenomenologias, y en consecuencia, de aplicaciones tecnologicas. De especial interes han sido los nanomateriales magneticos, incluyendo las nanoparticulas magneticas o sistemas moleculares, dado que emergen como sistemas clave en el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologias de interes tales como sistemas de almacenamiento de memoria, computacion cuantica o dispositivos de espintronica. El desarrollo de aplicaciones reales en base al uso de dichos nanomateriales requiere primero la busqueda de nuevas estrategias de estructuracion que permitan organizar dichos sistemas magneticos en superficies, a la vez que estudiar como es su comportamiento en la transicion de la macroescala a la micro- o nanoescala. En este sentido es de interes estudiar como sus propiedades magneticas pueden verse afectadas por efectos de la estructuracion o de la propia superficie. En este contexto, de cara a estudiar las propiedades magneticas de estos sistemas, una de las aproximaciones que esta atrayendo mayor interes es el uso de dispositivos superconductores de interferencia cuantica (SQUIDs) y sensores Hall. Estos sensores han experimentado una gran revolucion al ser miniaturizados, lo que ha permitido aumentar notablemente su sensibilidad hasta la deteccion de la magnetizacion de una sola nanoparticula o molecula. En este continuo avance, una de las principales limitaciones es la necesidad de desarrollar nuevas estrategias de integracion que permitan depositar los sistemas magneticos de un modo controlado en las zonas de maxima sensibilidad de estos sensores miniaturizados. En este contexto, la presente Tesis doctoral ha sido dedicada al desarrollo de nuevas estrategias de integracion de cara a mejorar el control en la integracion de sistemas magneticos. Las estrategias propuestas han permitido por primera vez realizar este proceso sin la necesidad de modificar previamente ni el material magnetico ni la superficie del sensor, consiguiendo depositar en zonas definidas del sensor con control (sub)micrometrico. En concreto, se ha demostrado la viabilidad y la universalidad de la tecnica de deposicion directa por litografia de AFM (conocida como Dip-pen Nanolithography, DPN) para la integracion de nanomateriales magneticos, abarcando un amplio rango de materiales desde nanoparticulas hasta sistemas moleculares con comportamiento de iman unimolecular, en una gran variedad de sensores con diferentes dimensiones y requisitos.