gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of reactive settler models on simulated WWTP performance (2004)

Including a reactive settler model in a wastewater treatment plant model allows representation of the biological reactions taking place in the sludge blanket in the settler, something that is neglected in many simulation studies. The idea of including a reactive settler model is investigated for an ASM1 case study. Simulations with a whole plant model including the non-reactive Takacs settler model are used as a reference, and are compared to simulation results considering two reactive settler models. The first is a return sludge model block removing oxygen and a user-defined fraction of nitrate, combined with a non-reactive Takacs settler. The second is a fully reactive ASM1 Takacs settler model. Simulations with the ASM1 reactive settler model predicted a 15.3% and 7.4% improvement of the simulated N removal performance, for constant (steady-state) and dynamic influent conditions respectively. The oxygen/nitrate return sludge model block predicts a 10% improvement of N removal performance under dynamic conditions, and might be the better modelling option for ASM1 plants: it is computationally more efficient and it will not overrate the importance of decay processes in the settler.
Notes on the appearance of double and triple anomalies in Escherichia coli strains. (1981)

The authors report the appearing of Escherichia coli strains differing from typical E. coli patterns as lacking in indole production, lactose fermentation and motility and as some of them are positive for malonate test. On 131 isolates studied, 22 strains carried double or triple anomalies.
Ability of prostaglandin to reduce ethanol injury to dispersed chief cells from guinea pig stomach (1989)

To determine whether prostaglandin exerts a direct action on individual gastric epithelial cells that protects them from ethanol-induced injury, dispersed chief cells from guinea pig stomach were pretreated with 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) or placebo before incubation with ethanol or control. Cell injury was assessed in terms of exclusion of Fast Green dye, release of lactate dehydrogenase, alterations of ultrastructure, and pepsinogen secretion stimulated by a variety of secretagogues. Of chief cells 60 +/- 2% were stained by Fast Green if incubated with 10% ethanol for 1 h after pretreatment with placebo, whereas only 38 +/- 1% of cells showed Fast Green staining when pretreated with 2.6 microM dmPGE2 before ethanol exposure. Similarly, 63 +/- 2% of cellular lactate dehydrogenase was released from chief cells pretreated with placebo compared with 36 +/- 4% of lactate dehydrogenase released from cells pretreated with 2.6 microM dmPGE2 (P less than 0.01). The prostaglandin's protective effect persisted throughout a 6-h incubation with ethanol. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs demonstrated disintegration of chief cells pretreated with placebo before ethanol exposure, whereas ultrastructural architecture was relatively preserved among chief cells pretreated with dmPGE2. Preincubation with 8 or 10% ethanol inhibited the subsequent stimulation of pepsinogen secretion caused by carbachol, cholecystokinin, A23187, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, forskolin, or 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. Pretreatment with dmPGE2 did not reduce the ethanol-induced inhibition of secretion stimulated by any of these secretagogues. These data indicate that dmPGE2 significantly reduces ethanol-induced damage to dispersed chief cells in terms of alterations of membrane permeability and ultrastructure but does not prevent the ethanol-induced impairment of pepsinogen secretion. These findings provide evidence that dmPGE2 exerts a direct but limited protective action on the gastric chief cell, independent of vascular, paracrine, or neural actions.
The role of stimulus uncertainty in speech perception (2004)

Among the important experimental factors that affect psychophysical measurements of speech perception is stimulus uncertainty. Charles Watson has defined stimulus uncertainty as variation in stimulus parameters from trial to trial and demonstrated its highly degrading effects on a variety of complex auditory signals. Watson, Kelley, and Wroton showed large (×10) elevation of frequency-discrimination thresholds for ‘‘word-length tonal patterns’’ under high uncertainty conditions [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 60, 1176–1186 (1976)]. Investigations of speech, such as the perception of VOT (voice onset time) in stops [Kewley-Port, Watson, and Foyle, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1113–1145 (1988)] and discrimination of vowel formants [Kewley-Port, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110 (2001)], have also demonstrated the systematic and profound effects of higher levels of stimulus uncertainty. This presentation will discuss extensions of the concept of stimulus uncertainty that demonstrate the degrading effects of the variability in more natural speech (versus synthetic speech) and longer phonetic context (including sentences) on vowel formant discrimination. Results from normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners demonstrating similar detrimental effects of high stimulus uncertainty will also be presented. [Research supported by NIH-NIDCD.]
Enseignements francophones en santé publique via Internet. Bilan de 5 ans d’expérience d’un diplôme en épidémiologie (2007)

International audience
Inelastic transport in carbon nanotube electronic and optoelectronic devices (2008)

Discovered in the early 1990’s, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are found to have exceptional physical characteristics compared to conventional semiconductor materials, with much potential for devices surpassing the performance of present-day electronics. Semiconducting CNTs have large carrier mobilities and a direct electronic bandgap, resulting in enhanced band-to-band tunneling (BTBT) as well as optical properties that could lead to novel electronic and optoelectronic applications. Therefore, detailed modeling and simulation of electronic transport in CNTs is required for a comprehensive understanding of the operation of CNT based devices. We have used the nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism for dissipative quantum transport simulation of CNT field-effect transistors. Previous experiments have shown that BTBT in CNT-MOSFETs can lead to subthreshold swings below the 60mV/decade conventional limit, which makes these devices promising candidates for low-power applications. Our simulations indeed confirm this observation, and further show that this regime of operation is dominated by phonon-assisted tunneling which degrades desirable device behavior. A detailed investigation of a CNT based p-i-n tunneling transistor (TFET) geometry that has much favorable device characteristics is also presented. We observe less than 60mV/decade subthreshold swing for this geometry that leads to smaller off-state leakage and standby power dissipation compared to the conventional MOSFET operation. Under on-state performance, the drive current and the switching speed of p-i-n TFETs are dominated by the tunneling barrier properties. Interestingly, the switching energy of the p-i-n TFET is observed to be fundamentally smaller than that for the MOSFET at the quantum capacitance limit of operation. Finally, a study on the modeling and simulation of inelastic transport in a CNT based optoelectronic device using the semiclassical Boltzmann transport equation is presented. The optical emission in these devices is attributed to an excitonic process. Localized exciton generation under high-field conditions is explored, and detailed device optimization schemes are discussed. These devices have the potential for ultra-bright light emission, among many other optoelectronic applications.
Systematic Internalisers—The New Trading Animals in Europe (2006)

In 1999 the European Commission set up the “Financial Service Action Plan” (FSAP). The centrepiece of the FSAP is the “Markets in Financial Instruments Directive” (MiFID; see European Union 2004). MiFID abolishes prevailing concentration rules in the Member States in favour of competition between trading venues. It distinguishes regulated markets, “Multilateral Trading Facilities” (MTFs) and bilateral trading venues, i.e. “Systematic Internalisers” (SIs). the goal of this article is to highlight the MiFID requirements regarding SIs, to present the respective results of an empirical study among German investment firms, and to discuss prospects of this business model in the European trading landscape. <b>TOPICS:</b>Exchanges/markets/clearinghouses, developed markets, exchanges/markets/clearinghouses
Effect of Changes in Relative Humidity and Temperature on Ultrathin Chitosan Films (2006)

We have prepared uniform films of chitosan with thicknesses 20 nm < h < 200 nm by spincoating solutions of chitosan dissolved in dilute acetic acid onto silicon substrates while controlling the spin speed and the relative humidity inside the spincoater. After neutralizing the films, they readily absorbed water in the presence of high humidity. Heating of the films to elevated temperatures caused a large irreversible decrease in the film thickness, a small increase in the index of refraction, and a reduction in water absorption, as measured using ellipsometry. Comparisons of infrared absorption measurements of chitosan films collected before and after heating indicate an increase in the degree of acetylation with heating. Collectively, these observations are consistent with the release of bound water and a chemical change similar to acetylation at elevated temperatures.
Metal‐Metal Bonds of Order Four (1979)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Strong Metal-Metal Multiple Bond Properties Metal-Metal Quadruple Bonds
Robust pilot-aided channel estimator for time-varying OFDM channels (2008)

This paper deals with time-varying channel estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems by means of pilot-aided strategies. A robust estimator which does not depend on the channel statistics is proposed. The derivation is based on a constrained filtering approach and particular cases are analyzed. Simulation results are provided in order to verify the better performance of the proposal when compared to estimators reported in the literature.
Crystal Structure, Electron-Density Distribution and Ion-Diffusion Pathway of Ceramic Materials Investigated by Multiple Approaches Including Neutron and X-ray Diffraction Methods (2015)

Crystal structure is the fundamental information in the materials science, chemistry, physics and geoscience. Electron-density distribution of ceramic materials is important, because most of material properties are governed by the electronic states. Ion-diffusion pathway is useful to understand the ion conduction mechanism. In the present paper the author briefly reviews his group’s recent research works on the crystal structure, thermal expansion, electron-density distribution and ion-diffusion pathway of some ceramic materials investigated by multiple approaches such as synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, neutron powder diffraction, electron diffraction, first-principles electronic calculations, maximum-entropy method (MEM) and bond valence method. The crystal structure should be examined by multiple methods, because invalid structure sometimes gives good Rietveld fit.
Syntheses of actinomycin and analogs. 9. Synthesis of acetinomycin D lactam, [1',1'-bis(L-threo-.alpha.,.beta.-diaminobutyric acid)]actinomycin D (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSyntheses of actinomycin and analogs. 9. Synthesis of acetinomycin D lactam, [1',1'-bis(L-threo-.alpha.,.beta.-diaminobutyric acid)]actinomycin DEric Atherton, Ravindra P. Patel, Yoshimoto Sano, and Johannes MeienhoferCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 4, 355–358Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00262a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00262a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Different analysis strategies of 16S rRNA gene data from rodent studies generate contrasting views of gut bacterial communities associated with diet, health and obesity (2020)

Background One of the main functions of diet is to nurture the gut microbiota and this relationship affects the health of the host. However, different analysis strategies can generate different views on the relative abundance of each microbial taxon, which can affect our conclusions about the significance of diet to gut health in lean and obese subjects. Here we explored the impact of using different analysis strategies to study the gut microbiota in a context of diet, health and obesity. Methods Over 15 million 16S rRNA gene sequences from published studies involving dietary interventions in obese laboratory rodents were analyzed. Three strategies were used to assign the 16S sequences to Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) based on the GreenGenes reference OTU sequence files clustered at 97% and 99% similarity. Results Different strategies to select OTUs influenced the relative abundance of all bacterial taxa, but the magnitude of this phenomenon showed a strong study effect. Different taxa showed up to 20% difference in relative abundance within the same study, depending on the analysis strategy. Very few OTUs were shared among the samples. ANOSIM test on unweighted UniFrac distances showed that study, sequencing technique, animal model, and dietary treatment (in that order) were the most important factors explaining the differences in bacterial communities. Except for obesity status, the contribution of diet and other factors to explain the variability in bacterial communities was lower when using weighted UniFrac distances. Predicted functional profile and high-level phenotypes of the microbiota showed that each study was associated with unique features and patterns. Conclusions The results confirm previous findings showing a strong study effect on gut microbial composition and raise concerns about the impact of analysis strategies on the membership and composition of the gut microbiota. This study may be helpful to guide future research aiming to investigate the relationship between diet, health, and the gut microbiota.
Spontaneous Parametric Down-Conversion and Quantum Walks in Arrays of Quadratic Nonlinear Waveguides (2012)

We analyze the process of photon-pair generation with simultaneous quantum walks in a quadratic nonlinear waveguide array. We demonstrate that the spontaneous parametric down-conversion in the array allows for creating quantum states with strongly pronounced spatial correlations, which are qualitatively different from those possible in bulk crystals or through quantum walks in linear waveguide arrays. Most importantly, the photon correlations can be controlled entirely classically by varying the spatial profile of the pump beam or the phase-matching conditions.
Phase 1 Study of Combination Therapy with L-697,661 and Zidovudine (1996)

We performed a pilot study that examined the clinical and pharmacokinetic interactions between zidovudine (ZDV) and a pyridinone derivative, L-697-661. The results indicate that the drugs were well tolerated, with no important pharmacokinetic interactions, when administered concomitantly for as long as 8 weeks. Although the number of study participants was small, we noted rapid emergence of resistance to L-697,661 among ZDV-naive study subjects who were administered L-697,661 as monotherapy but did not observe isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistant to L-697,661 among those who were administered concomitant ZDV. These results suggest a potential interaction between development of resistance to L-697,661 and ZDV. Although the clinical development of L-697,661 has been halted, our results support the need for further studies to test whether specific interactions among antiretroviral agents administered in combination and the molecular target can delay the emergence of isolates that exhibit resistance to all drugs in the regimen.
How to make polyvinylphenol inhibitable by diazonaphthoquinone sulfonates (2000)

There is interest in phenolic resins that are transparent at 248 nm and the dissolution of which in alkaline aqueous developers can be inhibited by diazonaphthoquinone sulfonic acid derivatives, the standard photoactive compounds (PACs) of novolak resists. Poly(4-hydroxystyrene), i.e., poly(vinylphenol), has the requisite optical properties, but its dissolution is not very effectively inhibited by standard PACs. We have now found that poly(4-hydroxystyrene) can be made more inhibitable by increasing the acidity of its OH groups and, at the same time, lowering the concentration of the acidic OH groups in the resin.
Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Melanogenesis by Proanthocyanidins (2009)

Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are polymer chains of flavonoids known to have a high free radical scavenging capacity. However, their efficacy for use in dermatological health has not been fully explored. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory property of PAs on melanogenesis and oxidative stress of cultured B16F10 melanoma cells (B16 cells) utilizing both oligomer and polymer PAs that were isolated from freshly crushed persimmon peel. To assess the suppressive effects of PAs against oxidative insults, lipid peroxidation, total reactive species (RS), peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), superoxide ( O(2)), and nitric oxide (NO ) were quantitated. In addition, the reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio was measured to evaluate the cellular oxidative status. Results showed that the PAs studied had a strong inhibitory effect on the murine tyrosinase and melanin synthesis that was correlated with the modulation of oxidative stress. Thus, our present work produced evidence that in B16 cells, the anti-melanogenic capacity of PAs as shown by the inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin synthesis likely occurs through the suppression of oxidative stress by the ability of PAs to modulate total RS, O(2), NO , ONOO(-), lipid peroxidation, and redox balance.
Isolated translocation of Wernicke's area to the right hemisphere in a 62-year-man with a temporo-parietal glioma. (2004)

We describe a case of translocation of temporo-parietal language function (Wernicke's area) to the contralateral hemisphere in a right-handed patient with a left temporo-parietal glioma. This translocation was identified by functional MR imaging (fMRI) and validated by direct cortical stimulation during gross-total resection. The current case exemplifies how preoperative fMRI can identify unexpected language organization as a result of tumor growth, affording surgery to patients who may otherwise be deemed inoperable.
Radon Therapy Is Very Promising as a Primary or an Adjuvant Treatment for Different Types of Cancers: 4 Case Reports (2019)

We report on the application of radon inhalation therapy to patients with 4 types of cancer: colon, uterine, lung, and liver cell. The radon treatments were given to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy and were potent in all 4 cases. Marker values decreased and disease symptoms were alleviated. We include a lengthy discussion on the mechanism that may be responsible for the observed results. While employing the radon generator to treat the patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, we discovered that a concentration of 6 MBq/m<sup>3</sup> was very effective, while 1 MBq/m<sup>3</sup> was marginal. This implies different, and rather high, radon concentration thresholds for the treatment of different types of cancer. The evidence from these 4 cases suggests that radon inhalation may be beneficial against various cancer types as an important adjuvant therapy to conventional chemotherapy and for local high-dose radiotherapy, which would address the problem of distant metastasis. A previous case report on 2 patients with advanced breast cancer, who refused chemotherapy or radiotherapy, indicates that radon may be effective as a primary therapy for cancer. Clinical trials should be carried out to determine the best radon concentrations for treatment of other types of cancer, at different stages of progression.
Age-Related Changes in Rat Glomerular Basement Membrane Components Solubilised with Pepsin (1985)

The proportion of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) solubilised following pepsin treatment increased with age when the digestion was carried out at 4 degrees C, but remained constant at 50% of the membrane when the digestion was carried out at 10 degrees C irrespective of rat age. Amino-acid analysis of the solubilised material indicated that it became more collagen-like with age, as judged by the increase in glycine, hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine content, if the digestion was carried out at 10 degrees C. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pepsin-solubilised material demonstrated that components with apparent molecular weights of 180,000, 160,000 and 130,000 increased in intensity with age. Components with apparent molecular weights less than 85,000 were only present in pepsin-soluble material prepared from GBM isolated from young rats. The intensity of the bands in the pro-alpha-region varied with age and some procollagen-like material was not solubilised by pepsin treatment. These studies confirm that aging of rat GBM is characterised by an increase in the proportion of the collagenous components present in rat GBM.
Co-infection of <i>Beet mosaic virus</i> with Beet Yellowing Viruses Leads to Increased Symptom Expression on Sugar Beet (2005)

Three distinct aphid-transmitted viruses associated with a yellowing disease on sugar beet were examined in single and mixed infections for the effects of virus interactions on plant weight, rate of symptom development, and virus concentration. Sugar beet lines exhibiting different degrees of susceptibility to the virus yellows complex were inoculated with either one, two, or all three viruses. Severe stunting, as measured by fresh plant biomass, was observed with mixed infections with Beet yellows virus (BYV) and Beet mosaic virus (BtMV), compared to single infections of these viruses. In addition, the overall rate of appearance of Beet western yellows virus (BWYV) symptoms increased during co-infection with BtMV. Synergistic effects on stunting severity, as measured by plant biomass, were more pronounced in susceptible beet lines, but similar patterns also were observed in lines exhibiting tolerance to virus yellows. Relative concentrations of viruses were compared among single and mixed infections using dot-blot hybridization with virus specific probes, and quantified by phosphorimage analysis. Titers of all three viruses increased as a result of co-infection compared with single infections.