gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation (1985)

The mechanism of atlantoaxial rotatory fixation was investigated by means of CT scanning. During the acute stage, there was a common rotatory displacement of the occiput and atlas complex in relation to the axis. As symptom subsided spontaneously or with treatment, the displacement was reduced and the occiput and atlas complex was in normal alignment with the axis. In a few cases where survey x-ray presented persistence of a typical displacement between C1/2, there was a persistent rotatory displacement of the atlas within the occiput-atlas- axis (C0-C1-C2) complex. Here, the occiput faced in nearly the same direction as the axis and the rest of the cervical spine. This meant an interlocking of the rotated atlas between C0 and C2. Either one of the lateral mass articulation of the rotated atlas was anteriorly dislocated and interlocked. Compensatory derotation of the occiput and a hypermobility of the C0/1 articulation, limited to younger children, presumably produced such a rotatory displacement of the atlas within the C0-C1-C2 complex. Restriction of rotation and a residual postural deformity resulted from unilateral dislocation of the lateral mass articulation between C1/2 and residual rotatory displacement between C0/2, respectively. Difficulty in reducing such a postural deformity can be attributed to the fact that any manipulative force often fails to unlock the atlas within C0-C1-C2 complex because of an excessive mobility between the C0/C1, and a ligamentocapsular contracture can be established in the lateral mass articulation of the interlocked atlas in an ignored case.
Deposit Shedding in Biomass-Fired Boilers: Shear Adhesion Strength Measurements (2017)

Ash deposition on boiler surfaces is a major problem encountered in biomass combustion. Timely removal of ash deposits is essential for optimal boiler operation. In order to improve the understanding of deposit shedding in boilers, this study investigates the adhesion strength of biomass ash from full-scale boilers, as well as model fly ash deposits containing KCl, K2SO4, CaO, CaSO4, SiO2, K2CO3, Fe2O3, K2Si4O9, and KOH. Artificial biomass ash deposits were prepared on superheater tubes and sintered in an oven with temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000 °C. Subsequently, the deposits were sheared off by an electrically controlled arm, and the corresponding adhesion strength was measured. The effect of sintering temperature, sintering time, deposit composition, thermal shocks on the deposit, and steel type was investigated. The results reveal that the adhesion strength of ash deposits is dependent on two factors: ash melt fraction, and corrosion occurring at the deposit–tube interface. Adhesion strength increases with increasing sintering temperature, sharply increasing at the ash deformation temperature. However, sintering time, as well as the type of steel used, does not have a significant effect under the investigated conditions. Addition of compounds which increase the melt fraction of the ash deposit, typically by forming a eutectic system, increases the adhesion strength, whereas addition of inert compounds with a high melting point decreases the adhesion strength. Furthermore, the study indicated that sulfation of ash deposits leads to an increase in adhesion strength, while cooling down the deposits after sintering decreases the adhesion strength. Finally, it was observed that adhesion strength data follow a log-normal distribution.
THE EFFECT OF ANTIBODY ON INTRACELLULAR VACCINIA VIRUS MULTIPLICATION IN THE EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS (1959)

1. Non-mouse-adapted vaccinia can produce the specific complement fixing antigen, but not mature virus in the Ehrlich Ascites tumor cells.2. IHD strain of vaccinia produces the cytoplasmic inclusion body, the C.F.A. and mature virus in the cells.3. In this system, the viral antibody can supress the inclusion body and C.F.A. formation.
The sound velocity throughout the P-ρ phase-space with application to laser induced shock wave in matter precompressed by a diamond anvil cell (2014)

This paper presents an analytical method to calculate the sound velocity of solid matter throughout the P−ρ phase-space, by using the Grüneisen equation of state and the knowledge of the cold curve. In particular, the method was used to calculate the sound velocity of Al, Ta, and W along the principal Hugoniot with the use of two different cold curves from the literature. One is a calculated cold curve based on shock wave parameters and the other is an approximation to the cold curve from an experimental 298 K isotherm from quasi-static measurements. These two curves were found to be inconsistent for Ta. The results of the calculated sound velocity from these curves were compared to experimental results for all three materials. The calculated sound velocity was found to be in good agreement with the experimental data, although, for Ta there is a large discrepancy in the sound velocity calculated from the two input cold curves at the highest pressures. Also, an independent experimental method to measure the pressure dependence of the sound velocity is presented. The proposed experimental setup is based on a laser-shocked sample precompressed in a diamond anvil cell. As a consistency check, the results for such an experiment were calculated and are in good agreement with experimental data.
CHLOROPHYLL PHOTOSENSITIZED ELECTRON TRANSFER IN PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER VESICLE SYSTEMS: CORRELATIONS BETWEEN KINETIC PARAMETERS AND SOLUBILITIES OF VIOLOGEN ACCEPTORS * (1986)

Abstract— Twelve viologens (quaternary 4,4′‐bipyridinium ions) are investigated as electron acceptors in vesicle suspensions containing chlorophyll‐ a (Chl) using laser flash photolysis. The structures of the viologens, which determine how they and their reduced radicals partition between the water and bilayer membrane phases, are systematically varied in order to probe the effects of acceptor solubility on the kinetics of photosensitized electron transfer reactions. The effectiveness of the viologens as quenchers of the Chl triplet excited state increases as they become less soluble in water, because the viologens are more likely to be incorporated into the membrane, but the efficiency of radical formation decreases and the rate of the reverse electron transfer reaction increases. The data obtained with a homologous series of di‐alkyl viologens are analyzed quantitatively using a kinetic model which includes the partition coefficients of the viologens and their radicals. For the most part, the reactivities of the viologen species are proportional to their concentrations in the membrane phase, but the locations and mobilities of the viologens in the membrane phase also have to be considered. In order for the Chl and viologen radicals to separate efficiently. the viologen radical has to be able to diffuse from the membrane to the water phase at a rate that competes effectively with reverse electron transfer within the radical pair complex (> 10 5 s −1 ).
Single dose toxicity of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN, NSC-21206), methylmercaptopurineriboside (6-MMPR, NSC-40774), and L-aspartic acid-N-phosphonoacetyl disodiumsalt (PALA, NSC-224131) in beagle dogs (2008)

4345 MAP, a combination of 6-AN, 6-MMPR, and PALA, is a potential therapeutic anticancer regimen that depletes tumoral ATP and increases tumor regression. A toxicity study was conducted using Beagle dogs to identify target organs and its reversibility. Male and female dogs were administered a single iv dose of 6-AN (6-aminonicotinamide), 6-MMPR (methylmercaptopurineriboside), and PALA (L-aspartic acid-N-phosphonoacetyl disodiumsalt). Two dogs/sex/group were given vehicle or PALA on Day 1 and vehicle and/or 6-MMPR and/or 6-AN on Day 2 to reflect the intended clinical protocol. PALA (12.5 mg/kg) and 6-MMPR (7.5 mg/kg) dosages were kept constant, whereas the 6-AN dose varied. By group, the dosing regimen was vehicle only (Group 1); PALA/6-MMPR (Group 2); 6-AN only (Group 3); and PALA/6-MMPR with 6-AN (0.25, 0.75, and 1.5 mg/kg; Groups 4, 5, and 6, respectively). Necropsies were performed on Days 8 and 33 (1 dog/sex/group/necropsy day). There were no changes in clinical observations or body weights that were attributed to any of the test articles. Mild, reversible increases in ALP, AST, ALT, and/or GGT on Days 5 and/or 8, indicated the presence of hepatocellular alteration (increased transaminases), stress (increased ALPs), and cholestasis (increased ALP and GGT). These results were most likely due to PALA and/or 6-MMPR, since all of the affected groups received both of these test articles with or without 6-AN and Group 3, which did not exhibit these enzyme changes, received only 6-AN. Terminal body weight and gross and microscopic pathology results did not indicate any evidence of drug-related toxicity. Increased ALP, ALT, AST, and GGT noted in some dogs given PALA and 6-MMPR indicated hepatocellular alteration and cholestasis, but no microscopic pathology correlates could be found for these biochemical changes. Based on the clinical pathology findings, the liver was considered a target organ. The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) is less than 12.5 mg/kg for PALA in combination with 7.5 mg/kg for 6-MMPR when administered with or without 6-AN. The NOAEL for 6-AN is greater than 1.5 mg/kg since no signs of toxicity were seen when administered alone or in combination with PALA and 6-MMPR (supported by NCI Contract N01-CM-42200 under the NCI RAID Program).
Neurotoxic Effects of Alcohol and Acetaldehyde During Embryonic Development (2005)

Alcohol drinking during pregnancy results in abnormal fetal development, including fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in humans and experimental animals. FAS is characterized by two major effects, including central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction and multiple anomalies recognizable mainly as a typical face. However, the mechanisms of alcohol-induced embryotoxicity have not been clearly demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced FAS in the developing embryo. First, ethanol-induced developmental abnormalities were investigated in vitro. Postimplantation embryos at gestation day (GD) 9.5 were cultured for 48 h and observed for morphological changes. Ethanol-mediated changes in proteins regulated apoptosis (p53 and bcl-2), antioxidant (vitamin E and catalase) activities, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and oxidative DNA damage shown as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured in embryonic midbrain cells. Alcohol or acetaldehyde significantly induced cytotoxicity in cultured rat embryonic midbrain cells. The levels of p53, bcl-2, and 8-OHdG were concomitantly changed by alcohol and acetaldehyde treatment in midbrain cells. Injured cells induced by ROS were increased by alcohol or acetaldehyde treatment in midbrain cells. Cotreatment with alcohol or acetaldehyde and catalase decreased cytotoxicity in midbrain cells. In postimplantation embryo culture, alcohol or acetaldehyde-treated embryos showed retardation of embryonic growth and development in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicate that alcohol and its metabolite acetaldehyde induce fetal developmental abnormalities by disrupting cellular differentiation and growth. Data demonstrate that some antioxidants can partially protect against the alcohol-induced embryonic developmental toxicity.
HPLC Analysis of Ecdysteroids in Plant Extracts Using Superheated Deuterium Oxide with Multiple On-Line Spectroscopic Analysis (UV, IR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, and MS) (2001)

HPLC, using superheated D20 as the mobile phase, combined with on-line characterization via a combination of diode array UV, 1H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry has been used for the analysis of a standard of 20-hydroxyecdysone- and ecdysteroid-containing plant extracts. This combination of spectrometers enabled the on-flow collection of UV, 1H NMR, IR, and mass spectra not only for pure 20-hydroxyecdysone (100-400 microg on column) but also the major ecdysteroids present in crude extracts of Silene otites, Silene nutans, and Silene frivaldiskyana. The ecdysteroids unequivocally identified in these extracts included 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, and integristerone A.
Wear Properties of High-Strength P/M Aluminum Alloys. (1998)

High- strength P/M aluminum alloys of Al-Ni-Y-Co, AI-Si-Ni-Ce and Al-Ti-Fe-TM (TM: Cr, Mo, V, Zr) systems were prepared by extrusion of rapidly solidified powders which were produced by high-pressure He gas atomization. It was found that wear resistance of the P/M aluminum alloys thus prepared was better than that of the conventional aluminum alloys. A189(Ni0.33Y0.54Co0.13)11 alloy had the best wear resistance among the P/M aluminum alloys studied in this experiment. In order to investigate the cause of the difference of wear properties in those P/M aluminum alloys, wear traces and wear particles were analized by EPMA, SEM, TEM and Micro-Vickers hardness measurement. It was found that the hard oxide layer was formed on the surface of the wear trace in Al89(Ni0.33Y0.54Co0.13)11 alloy. However, in the case of Al78.5Si1.9Ni2Ce0.5 alloy, wear particles were included in the surface of the wear trace. It is considered that the oxidation of wear surface and the stability of the formed oxide layer significantly influenced wear resistance of the P/M aluminum alloy.
Deuterium Tracer Studies on the Elimination Reactions of Norbornyl Tosylate and Bromide. XI (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeuterium Tracer Studies on the Elimination Reactions of Norbornyl Tosylate and Bromide. XIH. Kwart, T. Takeshita, and J. L. NyceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 13, 2606–2611Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01067a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01067a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MGMT methylation in glioblastoma: tale of the tail (2014)

Promoter region methylation of O6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is a critical biomarker in neuro-oncology. Introduction of temozolomide (TMZ) and concomitant radiation as a standard of care (Stupp protocol) for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) has improved survival for some patients. Hegi et al. suggested that methylation status might be predictive of benefit from TMZ,1 and multiple studies ever since have confirmed that MGMT methylation status is predictive of TMZ response.2 However, debate persists regarding the best method for its evaluation. Consequently, MGMT status in the clinic has been underutilized, and TMZ remains a staple in caring for GBM patients regardless of their MGMT methylation status.

The MGMT promoter consists of 97 cytosine-guanine (CpG) dinucleotide sites, which can be grouped into 3 regions: R1, R2 and R3, where R1 is the most distal to the transcription start site and R3 is adjacent to the transcription start site. In our previous study,3 we comprehensively characterized methylation across the entire MGMT promoter and showed that all 3 regions correlate to mRNA expression, protein expression, and progression-free survival. The most widely used test that measures MGMT methylation is the qMSP test.4 The qMSP test measures methylation in region R3, which is the most strongly correlated to patient outcome. However, the success of the test depends upon the co-methylation of at least 4 out of the 7 CpG sites in R3. Another test, the MS-MLPA, can measure methylation of 3 individual CpG sites, one in each of the aforementioned regions.5 Hence, both tests are complementary in nature.

It has been suggested that GBM patients with and without MGMT methylation benefit from TMZ.1 The tail in the unmethylated group (>3-year survival, Fig. 1A and B) seemingly indicated that even patients with unmethylated MGMT benefit from TMZ treatment. This survival tail in our cohort is consistent with other large-scale studies.2 However, when we performed both qMSP and MS-MLPA tests together on 65 GBM samples, we observed increased detection sensitivity, and the tail in the unmethylated group disappeared (Fig. 1C and D). All 5 patients comprising the tail, when using just one of the tests, were indeed methylated by the other test. These data suggest that accurate MGMT characterization is grounds for questioning the alleged benefit of TMZ for all GBM patients and strengthen the case for needing new treatment regimens because the current standard of care does not provide benefit for MGMT-unmethylated patients. 



Fig. 1.

Kaplan–Meier survival curves for MGMT methylated versus unmethylated patients. (A) MGMT methylation tested using qMSP (log-rank P = .006). (B) MGMT methylation tested using MS-MLPA (log-rank P < .001). (C) MGMT methylation determined using ...
The Creep of Single Crystals of Aluminum (1953)

The creep of single crystals of high-purity aluminum was investigated in the range of temperatures from room temperature to 400 F and at resolved-shear-stress levels of 200, 300, and 400 psi. The tests were designed in an attempt to produce data regarding the relation between the rate of strain and the mechanism of deformation. The creep data are analyzed in terms of shear strain rate and the results are discussed with regard to existing creep theories.
Evaluation of Various Cleaning Methods to Remove Bacillus Spores from Spacecraft Hardware Materials (2004)

A detailed study was made of the biological cleaning effectiveness, defined in terms of the ability to remove bacterial spores, of a number of methods used to clean hardware surfaces. Aluminum (Al 6061) and titanium (Ti 6Al-4V) were chosen for the study as they were deemed the two materials most likely to be used in spacecraft extraterrestrial sampler construction. Metal coupons (1 cm x 2.5 cm) were precleaned and inoculated with 5.8 x 10(3) cultivable Bacillus subtilis spores, which are commonly found on spacecraft surfaces and in the assembly environments. The inoculated coupons were subsequently cleaned using: (1) 70% isopropyl alcohol wipe; (2) water wipe; (3) multiple-solvent flight-hardware cleaning procedures used at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL); (4) Johnson Space Center-developed ultrapure water rinse; and (5) a commercial, semi-aqueous, multiple-solvent (SAMS) cleaning process. The biological cleaning effectiveness was measured by agar plate assay, sterility test (growing in liquid media), and epifluorescent microscopy. None of the cleaning protocols tested completely removed viable spores from the surface of the aluminum. In contrast, titanium was capable of being cleaned to sterility by two methods, the JPL standard and the commercial SAMS cleaning process. Further investigation showed that the passivation step employed in the JPL standard method is an effective surface sterilant on both metals but not compatible with aluminum. It is recommended that titanium (Ti 6Al-4V) be considered superior to aluminum (Al 6061) for use in spacecraft sampling hardware, both for its potential to be cleaned to sterilization and for its ability to withstand the most effective cleaning protocols.
Abstract 3717: One year mortality following pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: analysis of the SEER-Medicare data (2015)

Abstract Introduction: Pancreatic cancer is a disease with high mortality and the incidence of pancreatic cancer in the United States has been steadily increasing over the last few decades. Pancreatectomy remains the mainstay of treatment and can be combined with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In this study we examined the six month and one year mortality rates of elderly pancreatic cancer patients who underwent pancreatectomy. Methods: We used the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Medicare linked data from 1991 - 2008 to identify elderly (66 years and older) Medicare beneficiaries with pancreatic cancer who underwent pancreatectomy, using the MEDPAR Medicare claims data. Adjuvant therapy was identified from the Medicare Carrier and Outpatient claims data and was defined as pre-operative or post-operative chemo/radiation administered within 6 months before or after surgery. Patients were divided into two groups: surgery alone (S) and surgery with adjuvant therapy (SA) and the key outcomes analyzed were 6 month and one year mortality following surgery. Hierarchical logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender,cancer stage at diagnosis, race, post-operative complication rate and co-morbidity (Elixhauser co-morbidity conditions) were examined to assess differences in six month and one year mortality for the two treatment groups. Results: We identified 4, 110 patients who underwent pancreatectomy between 1991 - 2008. One year mortality (Odds Ratio = 0.60; p value &lt;0.001; CI: 0.519 - 0.690) and six month mortality ((Odds Ratio = 0.26; p value &lt;0.001; CI: 0.218 - 0.310) following pancreatectomy were significantly lower in the group that underwent pancreatectomy with adjuvant therapy. In addition, patients who had regional or distant disease at the time of diagnosis, had higher odds of dying at 6 months and one year, as compared to those with in-situ or localized disease. Patients who underwent elective surgery had lower odds of dying at 6 months and one year, compared to those who underwent urgent procedures. The odds of dying at 6 months and one year also increased with age. Race and gender were not significantly associated with 6 month or one year mortality. Conclusions: Using a national population health database we examined six month and one year mortality for pancreatic cancer patients who underwent surgery alone and compared to those who had surgery with adjuvant therapy and found that patients in the adjuvant therapy group had better outcomes than those who underwent surgery alone. Citation Format: Preethy Nayar, Chandrakanth Are, Fang Yu, Aastha N. Chandak, Niodita Gupta. One year mortality following pancreatectomy for pancreatic cancer: analysis of the SEER-Medicare data. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3717. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3717