gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parliamentary Control and Foreign Policy in Germany: The Bundestag’s Use of Formal, Instrumentalities in Overseeing the Administration’s Foreign Policy (2002)

In a little more than a decade, Germany’s role in international affairs— particularly from a military perspective—has radically changed. Whereas German participation during the Persian Gulf War of 1991 was basically limited to providing financial support to the international coalition led by the United States, by the end of 2001, German soldiers were operating under combat conditions in the United Nations peacekeeping mission to Afghanistan. During (and even before) this transition, little attention has been devoted to the German Bundestag’s constitutional role as overseer of executive foreign affairs activities.
“Blood with the Taint of Cain”: Immigrant Labouring Children, Manitoba Politics, and the Execution of Emily Hilda Blake (1994)

One of two women executed in Canada in the 50 years after Elizabeth Workman was put to death on 23 May 1873, Hilda Blake was the only woman ever executed in Manitoba. Given the record of Crown intervention from 1873 to 1920, the execution of Blake is difficult to account for as the federal cabinet had to reject a number of arguments for granting clemency or ordering a new trial. While an explanation for the cabinet decision must include reference to the undisputed role of Blake in the actual murder of Mary Lane, Blake’s social origins as a working-class orphan, and Victorian notions of gender, class, and crime, the overriding concerns appear to have been Liberal political misfortunes in Manitoba and Clifford Sifton’s determination to place political survival ahead of other considerations.
Spectrally resolved femtosecond Maker fringes technique (2008)

We present a femtosecond third-harmonic generation Maker fringes technique capable of simultaneously providing the magnitude of the cubic nonlinearity and the refractive index dispersion of optical materials. This technique takes advantage of the high intensity and broad spectral band of femtosecond pulses, but requires the use of a spectrometer to deconvolute the information contained in Maker fringes produced by the broad band light.
Inhibitory Effect of Naturally Occurring Flavonoids on the Formation of Advanced Glycation Endproducts (2005)

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of naturally occurring flavonoids on individual stage of protein glycation in vitro using the model systems of delta-Gluconolactone assay (early stage), BSA-methylglyoxal assay (middle stage), BSA-glucose assay, and G.K. peptide-ribose assay (last stage). In the early stage of protein glycation, luteolin, qucertin, and rutin exhibited significant inhibitory activity on HbA1C formation (p < 0.01), which were more effective than that of aminoguanidine (AG, 10 mM), a well-known inhibitor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). For the middle stage, luteolin and rutin developed more significant inhibitory effect on methylglyoxal-medicated protein modification, and the IC50's were 66.1 and 71.8 microM, respectively. In the last stage of glycation, luteolin was found to be potent inhibitors of both the AGEs formation and the subsequent cross-linking of proteins. In addition, phenyl-tert-butyl-nitron served as a spin-trapping agent, and electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to explore the possible mechanism of the inhibitory effect of flavonoids on glycation. The results indicated that protein glycation was accompanied by oxidative reactions, as the ESR spectra showed a clear-cut radical signal. Statistical analysis showed that inhibitory capability of flavonoids against protein glycation was remarkably related to the scavenging free radicals derived from glycoxidation process (r = 0.79, p < 0.01). Consequently, the inhibitory mechanism of flavonoids against glycation was, at least partly, due to their antioxidant properties.
The inositol phosphate-calcium signaling system in nonexcitable cells (1993)

IN 1983, Michael Berridge proposed (1), and subsequently with collaborators demonstrated (2), that d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [(1,4,5)IP3], generated in the course of receptor-activated inositol lipid turnover, was a second messenger signaling the release of stored calcium from intracellular sites to the cytoplasm of activated cells. The significance of this discovery was enormous. The explosion of interest and research in this area in the last decade has demonstrated that the inositol phosphate-calcium signaling system plays a critical role in the mechanisms by which hormones regulate diverse processes such as muscle contraction, cell secretion, metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. Despite the consensus regarding the central role of (1,4,5)IP3 in intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, the extremely complex nature of Ca2+ signaling and inositol phosphate metabolism has spawned controversies. What is the meaning of the enigmatically complex pathways of inositol phosphate metabolism? Clearly (1,4,5)IP3 is the signal for intracellular Ca2+ release, but how is calcium entry across the plasma membrane regulated? What are the mechanism(s) and physiological significance of calcium oscillations? This review will attempt first to summarize the less controversial aspects of the inositol phosphate-calcium signaling system and then to address some of the more difficult issues. We will not pretend to offer definitive solutions to these quandaries, but we will attempt to identify the major issues of controversy. In some cases, we will speculate on potential directions for their resolution. For the most part, as the title of this review implies, the examples and mechanisms discussed will be drawn from published studies on nonexcitable cells, because these cells appear to express the most fundamental and ubiquitous mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation through the inositol phosphate system. In terms of calcium signaling, we are using the term nonexcitable to indicate absence of voltagegated calcium channels. The reader is also directed to a number of recent publications that address, from a somewhat different perspective, some of the specific topics covered in this review (3–15).
Wavelength tuning and switching of a coupled distributed feedback and Fabry–Perot cavity laser (1988)

We present a theoretical analysis of a newly demonstrated semiconductor laser with coupled distributed feedback and Fabry–Perot (DFB-FP) cavities and show that three modes of operation are possible for such a laser. In mode-switched DFB mode, the wavelength can be switched between longitudinal modes on either side of the stopband. In coupled-cavity laser mode, there are successive mode hops inside the stopband. Finally, in continuously tunable distributed Bragg reflector mode, a wide wavelength tuning range (4.8 Å) without mode hopping can be obtained. The analysis is general enough to be applied to any laser with a periodic waveguide section, and provides an understanding of the mechanisms and the limits of wavelength tuning in such lasers. This type of laser has very important applications in coherent optical communications.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities of 2-(3'-substituted-2'-hydroxypropylamino)pyridines. (2002)

In the present study, a series of 2-(3'-substituted-2'-hydroxypropylamino)pyridines were synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H-NMR and elemental analysis. The compounds were investigated for anticonvulsant (150, 300 mg/kg) and cardiac activity. 2-(3'-Diethylamino-2'-hydroxypropylamino)pyridine 3 was found to exhibit the highest anticonvulsant activity. 2-(3'-Dimethylamino-2'-hydroxypropylamino)pyridine 2 and 2-[3'-(4''-nitrophenylamino)-2'-hydroxypropylamino]pyridine 6 were found to exhibit negative ionotropic activity. 2-(3'-Dimethylamino-2'-hydroxypropylamino)pyridine 2, 2-[3'-(4''-nitrophenylamino)-2'-hydroxypropylamino]pyridine 6 and 2-(3'-piperidino-2'-hydroxypropylamino)pyridine 8 were found to antagonize exhibit beta-adrenergic activity.
Représentations par des soignants concernant l'administration de médicaments par voie orale aux patients déments, atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer (2010)

La maladie d'Alzheimer, principale cause de démence chez le sujet âgé, est une pathologie neurodégénérative entrainant une détérioration progressive des fonctions cognitives. D'autres pathologies sont associées le plus souvent chez le sujet âgé. On parle de polypathologie qui engendre une polymédication en parallèle. Afin d'identifier les représentations des soignants concernant l'acte de soin "administrer les médicaments per os" et de comprendre les potentielles difficultés vécues au quotidien par les soignants, une enquête a été réalisée au sein de 2 unités de gériatrie (SSR et médecine aiguë). Des entretiens semi-directifs ont été conduits auprès d'IDE et aide-soignants de ces unités sur une période de 2 mois. Les résultats de l'enquête montrent l'intérêt de l'implication d'un pharmacien au sein de l'équipe de soins qui part son expertise médicamenteuse pourra soutenir l'équipe de soin dans ce geste afin de garantir une administration des médicaments à ces patients sécurisée, de qualité, adaptée et optimisée en regard de chaque situation vécue et de la singularité de chaque patient.
The Business Corporation Acts of Delaware and Tennessee: A Comparative Approach (2003)

The domestic subscription rate is $20.00 per
New Autographic Machine for Testing Tensile Properties of Rubber (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Autographic Machine for Testing Tensile Properties of RubberGeorge J. AlbertoniCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1931, 3, 3, 236–239Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50075a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50075a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
MALURLS: A Lightweight Malicious Website Classification Based on URL Features (2012)

Surfing the World Wide Web (WWW) is becoming a dangerous everyday task with the Web becoming rich in all sorts of attacks. Websites are a major source of many scams, phishing attacks, identity theft, SPAM commerce and malwares. However, browsers, blacklists and popup blockers are not enough to protect users. That requires fast and accurate systems with the ability to detect new malicious content. We propose a lightweight system to detect malicious websites online based on URL lexical and host features and call it MALURLs. The system relies on Naive Bayes classifier as a probabilistic model to detect if the target website is a malicious or benign. It introduces new features and employs self learning using Genetic Algorithm to improve the classification speed and precision. A small dataset is collected and expanded through GA mutations to learn the system over short time and with low memory usage. A completely independent testing dataset is automatically gathered and verified using different trusted web sources. They algorithm achieves an average precision of 87%.
Effect of Injection Techniques on the Rate of Local Adverse Events in Patients Implanted with Nonanimal Hyaluronic Acid Gel Dermal Fillers (2008)

Local adverse events following injection with the NASHA gel fillers used in this study were related to investigator technique and not to differences in the intrinsic properties of the NASHA agents.
Anterior Plate Fixation of Traumatic Lesions of the Lower Cervical Spine (1987)

Anterior fixation of traumatic lesions of the cervical spine with a plate and bone grafts has been proved to be a safe procedure. Patients without neurologic lesions can be out of hospital 7 to 10 days after the accident. Even in cases of serious neurologic lesions, rehabilitation and nursing of the patient can be improved. Although the method can be used in any case of traumatic instability of the cervical spine, the main indications are teardrop fractures not reduced by skull traction, severe wedging fractures, severe extension injuries, and any lesion with compression in the anterior part of the canal. Old kyphotic blocks or unreduced fracture-dislocations, with anterior bone and fibrous callus, can be treated with this method better than with any other technique. Forty patients were successfully operated on without major complications. Stability and alignment of the spine was achieved in all cases.
Analysis on the life table of natural population of Cephalcia lariciphila (2004)

From 1998 to 2002,the natural population life table of Cephalcia lariciphila was studied in Yakeshi,Inner Mongolia.Based on the data obtained from field investigation and lab observation,natural population life tables and one average life table were constructed in five years.According to the sequence of its growth and development,the population of Cephalcia larciphila was divided into five stages such as eggs,active larvae,diapausing larvae,pupae and adults.The affecting factors in each stage were divided into relatively independent status.The results showed in the forest the index of population tendency was 4.56,the coefficient value (b) for diapausing larvae was r=0.8965,b=0.6165,that for the larvae at feeding stage was r=0.6857,b=0.2221.That showed the natural fluctuation of population in diapausing larvae stage was the key factor.The disastrous weather such as sharp drop in temperature significantly influenced the survival of Cephalcia larciphila.The analysis of important factors showed that the natural enemies,climate and food were the important factors affecting the natural population of Cephalcia larciphila.
Laboratory Aids for Eelectromechanical System Development (1947)

Laboratory aids for development of electromechanical systems are described in this paper. Standardized components for ``mocking up'' complex electromechanical systems have proved to be time-saving aids in laboratory work at the Sperry Gyroscope Company, Inc. Illustrations are shown of laboratory setups using these components and descriptions are given of the more generally used mechanical and electronic components.
CAST - a task-level concurrency analysis tool (2004)

CAST is a system-level software tool for target-architecture-independent concurrency optimization of streaming applications. It includes a design exploration method to guide a system designer in an intuitive way through the design-space.
Intercellular communication in the early human embryo (1991)

A preliminary study on intercellular communicative devices in the early human embryo has been made using dye-coupling techniques and electron microscopy (EM). Lucifer yellow injected into single blastomeres of embryos at the 4-cell stage up to the late morula stage did not spread to neighbouring cells, indicating that gap junctions and cytoplasmic bridges are not significant pathways for information transfer. Dye spread was first observed in the blastocyst stage, where trophectoderm cells and inner mass cells were shown to be in communication through gap junctions. Studies at the EM level confirmed this finding. Tight junctions and desmosome-like structures, apparent from the 6-cell stage onward, were located both peripherally and centrally and were initially nonzonular. The role of intercellular devices in the primary differentiation of the human embryo is discussed.
A Technique for Multiplexing 3x3-Coupler Terminated Interferometric Fiber-Optic Sensors (1993)

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. &quot;DESTRUCTION NOTICE-Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of the document.&quot;
In Benign Barrett's Epithelial Cells, Acid Exposure Generates Reactive Oxygen Species That Cause DNA Double-Strand Breaks (2009)

Cells that sustain double-strand breaks (DSB) can develop genomic instability, which contributes to carcinogenesis, and agents that cause DSBs are considered potential carcinogens. We looked for evidence of acid-induced DNA damage, including DSBs, in benign Barrett's epithelial (BAR-T) cell lines in vitro and in patients with Barrett's esophagus in vivo. In BAR-T cells, we also explored the mechanisms underlying acid-induced DNA damage. We exposed BAR-T cells to acid in the presence of a fluorescent probe for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and in the presence or absence of disodium 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (which prevents intracellular acidification) and N-acety-l-cysteine (a scavenger of ROS). DSBs were detected by Western blotting and immunofluorescence for histone H2AX phosphorylation and by CometAssay. During endoscopy in patients with Barrett's esophagus, we took biopsy specimens from the metaplastic mucosa before and after esophageal perfusion with 0.1 N HCl for 3 min and sought DSBs by Western blotting for histone H2AX phosphorylation. In BAR-T cells, acid exposure resulted in ROS production and caused a time-dependent increase in levels of phospho-H2AX that continued for at least 48 h. Pretreatment with disodium 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate or N-acety-l-cysteine prevented the acid-induced increase in phospho-H2AX levels. DSBs also were detected in biopsy specimens of Barrett's metaplasia following esophageal acid perfusion in all of 6 patients with Barrett's esophagus. Acid exposure causes DSBs in Barrett's epithelial cells through ROS produced as a consequence of intracellular acidification. These findings suggest that acid can be considered a carcinogen in Barrett's esophagus.
Posttrauma Thromboembolism Prophylaxis (1997)

The ability to identify a population with a high incidence of thromboembolism by using the RAPT score to detect asymptomatic DVT, and the suggested advantage of low molecular weight heparin, all support the need for an appropriately powered randomized clinical trial.
D-Homo steroids from oxidation of 17-methylene steroids by thallium(III) nitrate (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTD-Homo steroids from oxidation of 17-methylene steroids by thallium(III) nitrateMaria Luigia Forcellese, Elio Camerini, Bruna Ruffini, and Enrico MincioneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 16, 3326–3328Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00329a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00329a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Technical and economic evaluation Separation of the separation of light olefins (Ethylene and Propylene) by using π-complexationwith silver salts (2011)

Conventional processes for separation of ethylene and propylene until petrochemical grade are energy intensive; therefore, alternative separation processes, such as chemical affinity based technologies, are an interesting alternative for designing more sustainable processes. π-Complexation of the silver ion (Ag+) is one of these technologies. In this study, π-complexation is compared with the conventional technologies by evaluating from process and economic point of views, in order to determine whether they are feasible to be implemented at industrial scale in both grass-roots and existing units. Based on the results, the most promissory techniques to be applied are the Bulk Fluid Liquid Membrane (BFLM) in hollow fiber modules to separate ethylene/ethane, and absorption with an AgNO3 solution to separate propylene/propane. In addition, the implementation of hybrid processes, by combining conventional and chemical affinity technologies, provides a higher saving in the production cost when applied to revamp existing units to achieve both, reducing energy consumption, or increasing processing capacity.
Hyperbranched Polymers Made from A2- and BB′2 -Type Monomers, 3. Polyaddition ofN-Methyl-1,3-propanediamine to Divinyl Sulfone (2001)

The new approach to the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers from commercially available A2- and BB′2- type monomers has been developed further. In this work, hyperbranched poly(sulfone amine)s with multiple amino end groups were prepared by direct polyaddition of N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (NPA, BB′2) to divinyl sulfone (DV, A2). The polymerization mechanism is presented and demonstrated with FT-IR, HPLC, and MS. During the reaction, the secondary amino groups of NPA react with the vinyl groups of DV within 12 s, generating dimers that can be regarded as new AB′2- type monomers. Further polymerization of the new monomers leads to hyperbranched poly(sulfone amine)s. The influence of the reaction conditions, such as the feed ratio and solvents, on the polymerization has been investigated. When the molar feed ratio of DV to NPA is equal to 1 (A/B/B′ = 2/1/2), no crosslinking is observed in water or organic solvents. When the feed ratio of DV to NPA is equal to 3/2 (A/B/B′ = 3/1/2), no gelation occurs in chloroform or other organic solvents, such as N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Interestingly, when the polymerization was carried out in water with a feed ratio of 3/2, the reaction mixture got turbid within 20–30 min and gelation occurred within 15–20 h.