gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization kinetics of amorphous Ga-Sb films extended for phase-change memory (2010)

Performance of phase-change RAM materials based on Ga-Te-Sb was found getting better with decreasing Te content in our earlier studies. We concerned much properties of Te-free, Sb-rich binary Ga-Sb, which has been known to possess extremely fast crystallization behavior. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of amorphous Sb-rich Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Sb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">100−x</inf> films were investigated by using in-situ electrical resistance - temperature measurements. The activation energy (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> ) and rate factor (K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> ) were evaluated from the heating rate dependency of the peak crystallization temperature using the Kissinger's method. The kinetic exponent (n) was deduced from the differential resistance - temperature curves during crystallization using the Ozawa's method. The crystallization temperature (T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> = 261 to 182 °C) decreased with decreasing Ga content (Ga 23 to 9 at%). The activation energy (E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> = 8.34 to 2.31 eV) and rate factor (K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> = 4.66 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">82</sup> to 2.33 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">26</sup> min <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−1</sup> ) inconsistently changed at different Ga content and reached a maximum value at composition 19 at% Ga. The n value is smaller than 1.5 as Ga≫ 15 at%, denoting the mechanism of one-dimensional crystal growth from nuclei. GaSb films with 16∼ 18% Ga were found to be the optimal for use in phase-change memory.
eFuse Design and Reliability (2008)

Summary form only given. Programmable eFuse designs present an integration challenge in modern CMOS processing. The power level to program a fuse, and the programming methodologies leverage reliability mechanisms which all other elements in a design avoid. A high degree of eFuse process control and circuit design is required in order to guarantee operation. Almost all eFuse types are time programmable and are limited to one chance programmable. This tutorial discussed selected eFuse technologies describing the design philosophy electrical programming and characterization, the physics of failure, and some of the many applications an on chip programmable element provides.
A Filtrable Toxic Substance in Brothcultures of B. Pertussis (1940)

Summary A bacteria-free filtrate of B. pertussis broth cultures is found to contain a toxic substance which kills mice when injected intraäbdominally or intravenously in small amounts, and produces a necrotic skin-lesion in rabbits when injected endermally. The toxic filtrate is apparently free of bacterial antigen, is thermolabile, and is inactivated by formalin. The toxin is produced only by smooth strains of B. pertussis and appears in broth cultures during the active stages of bacterial growth. It is not neutralized by anti-bacterial immune serum. Although possessing no demonstrable antigenic properties, the toxin injected intraäbdominally in sublethal doses protects mice against death from subsequent intraäbdominal injections of whole organisms. It is suggested that the protective action is due to chronic inflammatory lesions caused by the injection of the toxin, involving the peritoneum and particularly the spleen. The gross and microscopical pathology of these lesions is described, and the possible relation of the toxin to the lesions observed in experimental pertussal infections is discussed.
Joint Successive Cancellation Decoding for Bit-Interleaved Polar Coded Modulation (2016)

To improve the performance of bit-interleaved polar-coded modulation (BIPCM), a joint successive cancellation (SC) decoding algorithm for BIPCM is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, the correlation between coded bits, which are mapped into the same symbol is considered. Based on the recursive structure of the proposed algorithm, the demapping and deinterleaving units are combined with SC decoder. Thus, the information bits are directly decoded by the likelihood ratios (LRs) of the received symbols instead of the LRs of coded bits. Simulation results show that the performance of existing BIPCM schemes can be improved 0.75-1.25 dB with the proposed algorithm.
Efficient web browsing on small screens (2008)

A global increase in PDA and cell phone ownership and a rise in the use of wireless services have caused mobile browsing to become an important means of Internet access. However, the small screen of such mobile devices limits the usability of information browsing and searching. This paper presents a novel method that automatically adapts a desktop presentation to a mobile presentation, proceeding in two steps: detecting boundaries between different information blocks and then representing the information to fit in small screens. Distinct from other approaches, our approach analyzes both the DOM structure and the visual layout to divide the original Web page into several subpages, each of which includes closely related content and is suitable for display on the small screen. Furthermore, a table of contents is automatically generated to facilitate the navigation between different subpages. An evaluation of a prototype of our approach shows that the browsing usability is significantly improved.
Laser scribing of thin film solar cells (2010)

Laser scribing of thin film solar cells for TCO, absorber and top contact layers with nanosecond laser is described in this paper. P1 process (TCO scribing) is performed with 355nm and 1064nm lasers; P2 (absorber) and P3 (top contact) patterning with 532 nm laser are conducted. All the scribing processes are performed on laser systems developed by Suzhou Delphi Laser. All the scribing processes are optimized for production with different parameters such as pulse width, repetition rate, power etc. It is found that the dusting system and beam path design are very important to the optimization of the processes. Experiments on edge isolation with 1064nm laser and different pulse width are also performed. Finally, laser scribing process is applied to BIPV thin film solar cells with large spot size (&gt;250um) and different beam shapes (circular and square) ar ediscussed
Department of Energy (1994)

DOE's budget for 1995 is “lean,” in the words of Secretary of Energy Hazel O'Leary. The total request is $18.5 billion, a decrease of $5 million from 1994. “We realize that our mission and focus as an agency has changed,” said O'Leary, adding that “we must ensure that our budget request is completely aligned with our newly defined mission and goals.”
Planar inductors with subdivided conductors for reducing eddy current effects (2003)

In this work, a method for reducing eddy current effects in planar inductors is presented. This patent pending method has already been demonstrated to be effective for microstrip lines. In this work we present measurements that demonstrate that the maximum quality factor of a planar inductor in a standard 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process with three metal layers could be improved by up to 35% to a value of 8.0.
The role of phosphatidylserine in recognition and removal of erythrocytes. (2004)

During the time that erythrocytes (RBC) spend in the circulation, a series of progressive events take place that lead to their removal and determine their apparent aging and limited survival. In addition, a fraction of RBC precursors will be removed during erythropoiesis by apoptotic processes, often described as "ineffective erythropoiesis". Both will determine the survival of erythroid cells and play an important role in red cell pathology, including hemoglobinopathies and red cell membrane disorders. The loss of phospholipid asymmetry, and the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) on the surface of plasma membranes may be a general trigger by which cells, including aging RBC and apoptotic cells, are removed. Oxidant stress and inactivation of the system that maintains phospholipid asymmetry play a central role in the events that will lead to PS exposure, death and removal.
Mobile Internet Activity Estimation and Analysis at High Granularity: SVR Model Approach (2018)

Understanding of mobile internet traffic patterns and capacity to estimate future traffic, particularly at high spatiotemporal granularity, is crucial for proactive decision making in emerging and future cognizant cellular networks enabled with self-organizing features. It becomes even more important in the world of `Internet of Things' with machines communicating locally. In this paper, internet activity data from a mobile network operator Call Detail Records (CDRs) is analysed at high granularity to study the spatiotemporal variance and traffic patterns. To estimate future traffic at high granularity, a Support Vector Regression (SVR) based traffic model is trained and evaluated for the prediction of maximum, minimum and average internet traffic in the next hour based on the actual traffic in the last hour. Performance of the model is compared with that of the State-of-the-Art (SOTA) deep learning models recently proposed in the literature for the same data, same granularity, and same predicates. It is concluded that this SVR model outperforms the SOTA deep and non-deep learning methods used in the literature.
Registry of Toxic effects of Chemical Substances, 1983-84 cumulative supplement to the 1981-82 edition. Volumes 1 and 2 (1985)

This is the thirteenth edition of the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS). This publication is a 2-volume 1983-84 Supplement to the 1981-82 Edition of the RTECS. RTECS is intended to provide basic information on the known toxic and biological effects of chemical substances to employers, employees, physicians, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, researchers, and anyone else with the need to know in order to assure proper and safe handling of chemicals. This Supplement contains 26,341 prime chemical substances with their associated toxicity data. For these entries, 113,211 synonyms are included as cross-references. All prime name listings are either new entries to the file or contain changes in the data from the 1981-82 Edition.
INHIBITION OF MYOBLAST FUSION AFTER ONE ROUND OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN 5-BROMODEOXYURIDINE (1970)

The thymidine analogue 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) has a differential effect on the synthesis of tissue-specific products and molecules required for growth and division. Proliferating myogenic cells cultured in BUdR fail to fuse and fail to initiate the synthesis of contractile protein filaments. Conversely, BUdR has but a minor effect on cell viability and reproductive integrity. Low concentrations of BUdR result in an enhancement of cell number relative to the controls; higher concentrations are cytotoxic. Suppression of myogenesis is reversible after at least 10 cell generations of growth in the analogue. Cells that do not synthesize DNA, such as postmitotic myoblasts and myotubes, are not affected by BUdR. Incorporation of BUdR for one round of DNA synthesis was accomplished by first incubating myogenic cells, prior to fusion, in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) to block DNA synthesis and collect cells in the presynthetic phase. The cells were then allowed to synthesize either normal DNA or BU-DNA for one S period by circumventing the FUdR block with BUdR or BUdR plus thymidine (TdR). The cultures were continued in FUdR to prevent dilution of the incorporated analogue by further division. After 3 days, the cultures from the FUdR-BUdR series showed the typical BUdR effect; the cells were excessively flattened and few multinucleated myotubes formed. Cells in the control cultures were of normal morphology, and multinucleated myotubes were present. These results were confirmed in another experiment in which BUdR-(3)H was added to 2-day cultures in which myotubes were forming. Fusion of thymidine-(3)H-labeled cells begins at 8 hr after the preceding S phase. In contrast, cells which incorporate BUdR-(3)H for one S period do not fuse with normal myotubes.
Scattering function estimation (1968)

The estimation of the scattering function of a random, zero-mean, homogeneous, time-variant, linear filter is considered. The sum of the random filter output and independent noise is the input to an estimator. The estimator structure is equivalent to a bank of linear filters followed by squared-envelope detectors; the envelope detector outputs are the input to a final linear filter. The estimator output is shown to be an unconstrained linear operation on the ambiguity function of the estimator input. Except for a bias term due to the additive noise, the mean of the estimator output is an unconstrained linear operation on the scattering function of the random filter. The integral variance of the output is found for a Gaussian channel. The mean and variance clearly indicate the tradeoff between resolution and variance reduction obtained by varying the estimator structure. For any well-behaved channel it is shown that an effectively unbiased estimate of the scattering function can be obtained if the input signal has both sufficient energy and enough time and frequency spread to resolve the random filter; the random filter is not required to be underspread. The variance of an estimate can be further reduced by increasing the time or frequency spread of the transmitted signal.
A Biochemical Mechanism for Nonrandom Mutations and Evolution (2000)

As this minireview is concerned with the importance of the environment in directing evolution, it is appropriate to remember that Lamarck was the first to clearly articulate a consistent theory of gradual evolution from the simplest of species to the most complex, culminating in the origin of
Bimolecular homolytic displacement of transition-metal complexes from carbon (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBimolecular homolytic displacement of transition-metal complexes from carbonMichael D. JohnsonCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1983, 16, 9, 343–349Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00093a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00093a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views749Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Precision Estimates of AASHTO T 324, â€œHamburg Wheel-Track Testing of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)â€ (2014)

The Hamburg wheel tracking test (HWTT) has been extensively used to identify asphalt mixtures prone to rutting or moisture damage. AASHTO T 324, “Hamburg Wheel-Track Testing of Compacted Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA),” describes the procedure for testing asphalt mixture samples using the HWTT device. The method specifies the testing of submerged, compacted asphalt mixture in a reciprocating rolling-wheel device. The test results provide information about the rate of permanent deformation from a moving concentrated load. However, there is no information on the precision of the test method, including the allowable differences between two replicate measurements in one laboratory or measurements in two laboratories. In addition, important aspects of the test are not sufficiently specified in the test method; these include position of the wheel with respect to specimen, verification of the location of the measurements, specimen preparation and assembly, and analysis and reporting of test data. Because these factors could significantly affect HWTT measurements and performance verification of asphalt mixtures, it is important to identify the factors causing variability of measurements and further specify their limits in the test method. The objective of this study was to determine precision estimates for AASHTO T 324. To accomplish this objective, the research: determined the variability of the deformation measurements after specified number of load passes and the creep slope for well-performing mixtures; determined the variability of the number of passes to threshold deformation, creep slope, stripping slope, and number of passes to the stripping inflection point for poorly performing mixtures; compared the mean and variance of the measured properties of gyratory and slab specimens; compared the mean and variance of properties measured using all measurement locations with those measured using all except the three middle measurement locations and all except two measurement locations at each end; identified causes of variability of the test results; and proposed modifications to the test method for optimum use of the deformation measurements, improvement to the specimen preparation and assembly, and necessary adjustments to the machine components.
Amplitude, Phase, and Frequency Modulation (1931)

This paper presents a comparative theoretical study of amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation. In the first part, the fundamental mathematical expressions for the three types of modulation are derived. They are expressed in three different forms: as amplitude equations, side band equations and modulation vector equations. The amplitude equations indicate the envelope of the radio-frequency directly. The side band equations refer to the number, amplitude, and phase of the side bands produced by modulation. In the modulation vector equations, corresponding side bands are combined in pairs to form a "modulation vector." This is a r-f magnitude, rotating with the angular velocity of the carrier and its amplitude is simultaneously being changed at an audio rate. The main results derived from a discussion of these equations are: In phase and frequency modulation an infinite number of side bands is produced. Amplitude modulation produces but one pair of side bands. In amplitude modulation the modulation vector, representing the first pair of side bands is in phase with the carrier. In phase and frequency modulation, it is 90 degrees out of phase with respect to the carrier. Frequency modulation is equivalent to a phase modulation in which the phase shift is inversely proportional to the audio frequency. By means of the modulation vector, a new vector diagram of the phase modulation is given. In the second part, amplitude modulation is considered in which undesired phase or frequency modulation or a combination of the two takes place simultaneously.
Unique promotion effect of CO and CO2 on the catalytic stability for benzene and naphthalene production from methane on Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts (1998)

The addition of CO and CO2 to the methane feed results in a remarkable promotion of catalyst stability for direct benzene and naphthalene production from methane on Mo/HZSM-5 and Co modified Mo/HZSM-5 catalysts at 973 K owing to the efficient suppression of coke formation.
Air–sea fluxes in a climate model using hourly coupling between the atmospheric and the oceanic components (2016)

We analyse the changes in the air–sea fluxes of momentum, heat and fresh water flux caused by increasing the ocean–atmosphere coupling frequency from once per day to once per hour in the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model. We diagnose the relative influences of daily averaging and high-frequency feedbacks on the basic statistics of the air–sea fluxes at grid point level and quantify feedback modes responsible for large scale changes in fluxes over the Southern Ocean and the Equatorial Pacific. Coupling once per hour instead of once per day reduces the mean of the momentum-flux magnitude by up to 7 % in the tropics and increases it by up to 10 % in the Southern Ocean. These changes result solely from feedbacks between atmosphere and ocean occurring on time scales shorter than 1 day . The variance and extremes of all the fluxes are increased in most parts of the oceans. Exceptions are found for the momentum and fresh water fluxes in the tropics. The increases result mainly from the daily averaging, while the decreases in the tropics are caused by the high-frequency feedbacks. The variance increases are substantial, reaching up to 50 % for the momentum flux, 100 % for the fresh water flux, and a factor of 15 for the net heat flux. These diurnal and intra-diurnal variations account for up to 50–90 % of the total variances and exhibit distinct seasonality. The high-frequency coupling can influence the large-scale feedback modes that lead to large-scale changes in the magnitude of wind stress over the Southern Ocean and Equatorial Pacific. In the Southern Ocean, the dependence of the SST-wind-stress feedback on the mean state of SST, which is colder in the experiment with hourly coupling than in the experiment with daily coupling, leads to an increase of westerlies. In the Equatorial Pacific, Bjerknes feedback in the hourly coupled experiment reveals a diurnal cycle during the El Niño events, with the feedback being stronger in the nighttime than in the daytime and no clear diurnal cycle during the La Niña events. This asymmetry might lead to the decrease of wind stress in the Equatorial Pacific in the hourly coupled experiment.