gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ceria-supported ruthenium catalysts for the synthesis of indole via dehydrogenative N-heterocyclization (2011)

Simple heterogeneous Ru/CeO2 catalysts as well as Ru/ZrO2 catalysts were found to be quite effective for the selective direct synthesis of indole via intramolecular dehydrogenative N-heterocyclization of 2-(2-aminophenyl)ethanol, while catalysts supported on SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and MgO were less effective. Ru/CeO2 catalysts that were calcined at a relatively low temperature, 200 °C, showed excellent activity and gave indole in a yield over 99% by the reaction at 140 °C for 24 h (Ru catalyst 2.5 mol%). Spectroscopic studies of the Ru/CeO2 catalysts indicated the formation of RuIVO species on the surface, which is considered to be transformed into the catalytically-active species at the initial stage of the reaction. Hot filtration tests and an ICP-AES analysis indicated that these Ru/CeO2 catalysts act heterogeneously and that the leaching of ruthenium species into the solution is negligible. These catalysts could be recycled without a significant loss of activity, which suggests that the present oxide-supported catalysts are promising alternatives to conventional homogeneous catalysts.
Local Importance Sampling: A Novel Technique to Enhance Particle Filtering (2006)

In the low observation noise limit particle filters become inefficient. In this paper a simple-to- implement particle filter is suggested as a solution to this well-known problem. The proposed Local Importance Sampling based particle filters draw the particles’ positions in a two-step process that makes use of both the dynamics of the system and the most recent observation. Experiments with the standard bearings-only tracking problem indicate that the proposed new particle filter method is indeed very successful when observations are reliable. Experiments with a high-dimensional variant of this problem further show that the advantage of the new filter grows with the increasing dimensionality of the system.
<title>Segmentation of radiographic cervical images with neuro-fuzzy classification of multiresolution wavelets</title> (1995)

Segmentation of medical images poses a critical problem in image analysis. Segmenting a scene into different regions in the absence of sufficient apriori information is a challenging problem. A multiresolution image representation approach is presented here which makes use of a fuzzy neural network to segment a reconstructed image from wavelet decomposition into regions of interest. The multiresolution wavelets provide a basis for analyzing the information content of the image with global as well as local perspectives. The higher resolution levels contain information pertaining to the finer details while the lower resolutions capture the global features. A neuro-fuzzy algorithm facilitates the segmentation of the wavelet reconstructed image into different regions based on image intensity. The proposed algorithm has been applied to images of different kinds and has yielded promising results. The concept of using multiresolution wavelets and a neuro-fuzzy classification scheme has the added advantage of flexibility in the level of segmentation achieved.
A study of the mechanism of glucose release by the pyloric caeca in the sea star, pisaster ochraceus (1974)

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Deficiency of the Stroke Relevant <i>HDAC9</i> Gene Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Accord With Allele-Specific Effects at 7p21.1 (2014)

Our results suggest that HDAC9 represents the disease-relevant gene at the stroke and coronary artery disease risk locus on 7p21.1, and that risk alleles in this region mediate their effects through increased HDAC9 expression. Targeted inhibition of HDAC9 might be a viable strategy to prevent atherosclerosis.
8 LEG MORPHOLOGY AND EXERCISE-RELATED INJURY (1994)

Cowan, D N; Jones, B H; Frykman, P N; Polly, D W Jr.; Harman, E A; Rosenstein, M T; Rosenstein, R M Author Information
Engineering of SOFC Anode/Electrolyte Interface (2002)

Cofiring of anode/electrolyte leads to improved mechanical adherence and lowers polarization losses at the anode. However, caused by different shrinkage of anode and electrolyte the compound is bending or breaking if it is under weight. Sintering experiments revealed that these mechanical stresses can be reduced by using an anode pattern consisting of a large number of small sized individual areas instead of a continuous layer. A simple static model was used to describe the shrinkage due to sintering by effective constant Young's moduli and pseudo linear thermal expansion coefficients (TEC). By the use of FEM different anode pattern geometries were analyzed with respect to curvature radius and mechanical stress in the electrolyte during cofiring. It turned out that anodes with a hexagonal pattern like honeycombs are preferable as they show small mechanical stress with high coverage at the same time. Optimierung der Grenzfläche Anode/Elektrolyt von Festelektrolytbrennstoffzellen Cosintern von Anode und Elektrolyt führt sowohl zu einer Verbesserung der mechanischen Haftung der Anode am Elektrolyt als auch zu einer Erniedrigung der Polarisationsverluste. Jedoch führt stark unterschiedliche Schwindung von Anode und Elektrolytmaterial zu einem Aufbiegen des Verbundes oder gar zu einem Zerbrechen falls der Verbund beim Cosintern mit einem Gewicht beladen wird. Verschiedene Sinterversuche haben gezeigt, dass die thermisch induzierten mechanischen Spannungen veringert werden können, wenn die Anode nicht großflächig sondern in Form einer Matrix mit vielen kleinen Elektroden mit ausreichenden Zwischenräumen aufgebracht wird. Um die ideale Matrix bezüglich Flächenausnutzung und Spannungsminimierung zu erhalten, wurden auf der Basis eines einfachen Modells, welche die Schwindung durch lineare thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten beschreibt und Anode und Elektrolyt als elastisch ansieht, mittels Finiter Elemente die Aufbiegung und mechanischen Spannungen im Elektrolyten berechnet.
Evaluation of a New Design Approach for Next Generation Mobile Multimedia Terminals (2001)

In this paper we present the results obtained sofar in an ongoing design pilot study for high-level system design. In order to gain insight and experience, we develop a mobile multi-media terminal using A|RT Designer by Adelante Technologies (former Frontier Design) [1]. This multi-media terminal supports a 4.8 kbps CELP codec and an MP3 decoder, giving voice and audio capabilities to the terminal. A complexity analysis, based on MATLAB code, is the basis for the first implementation of the CELP codec. Results obtained by this implementation, including advantages and disadvantages of high-level design, are presented and compared to the traditional approaches. We conclude that high-level design is not suite forthe starting development because of the great design freedom, but that many advantages are present once a certain level of experience is reached.
(η <sup>5</sup> ‐Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)Cobalt complexes (1990)

This chapter contains sections titled: Dicarbonyl(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(I) Carbonyldiiodo(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III) Di-μ-iodo-bis[iodo(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III)] Bis(η2-ethene)(η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(I)
Endocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. V.<sup>1</sup> Synthesis and Reaction of 3-Bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-keto-1,2-dihydronaphthalene with Morpholine (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEndocyclic α,β-Unsaturated Ketones. V.1 Synthesis and Reaction of 3-Bromo-1,1-dimethyl-2-keto-1,2-dihydronaphthalene with MorpholineNORMAN H. CROMWELL and RICHARD D. CAMPBELLCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 5, 520–523Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01356a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01356a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views208Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Holistic Optimization Approach Improves Economic Viability of Bakken Shale Play (2011)

Abstract The Bakken Shale is one of the largest, unconventional crude oil plays in the United States covering as much as 25,000 sq miles in the Williston Basin. The formation underlies portions North Dakota and Montana and is found at depths ranging from 9000ft to 10,500ft. Reserve estimates vary but the United States Geological Survey (USGS) has calculated risked undiscovered resources of up to 4.3 billion barrels of recoverable oil and bbl/cu ft equivalent using current technology. At this time the field is being developed with single, dual and triple-leg horizontal wells with laterals extending 4500ft to 9500ft into the formation. However, drilling activity in the area has fluctuated as a result of changing oil prices. Accordingly, reducing overall operation costs is essential to the economic feasibility of each drilling project. Because of the significant impact on drilling costs, the correct selection and utilization of drilling equipment including bits, drilling fluids, hydraulics and downhole tools is paramount. To optimize operations, a holistic approach was adopted to create a drilling "road map" utilizing several application software systems. These software tools enable engineers to envision the specific drilling environment and tool/BHA interaction before the bit goes in the hole. A recent Bakken project included expert drill bit selection, rock mechanics analysis, shock studies, drilling fluids and hydraulics optimization. The directional well plan was optimized with wellbore simulation software. In order to circumvent deficient options prior to and during actual drilling operations, multiple scenarios are simulated using a collection of detailed geological and offset drilling information. These results were studied, analyzed and assessed as the optimum drilling solution prior to submitting them to the operator. Finally, the service provider monitored and implemented the recommended engineered solutions. The initial results were encouraging: Drilling days on Well 1 were reduced by 30% which represents a cost savings of $572,000USD while achieving the drilling target and delivering a high-quality wellbore. Building on this initial success, second and third wells confirmed the value of holistic optimization saving the operator 13 days ($676,000USD) and 16 days ($832,000USD) of rig time respectively.
Comparison of DNA ploidy in routine fine needle aspiration biopsy samples and paraffin-embedded tissue samples. (1988)

The nuclear DNA content was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) from unfixed fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy samples of 31 human tumors, and from the same tumors after their excision, fixation with formalin and embedding in paraffin. The ploidy of the histograms was the same in 29 (94%) of the 31 cases. The disagreement in two cases may be explained by clonal heterogeneity of the tumors. The DNA index of the aneuploid cases was identical in fresh and fixed samples. The coefficient of variation of the diploid peaks (P less than .001) and the mean percentage of S-phase cells (P = .06) were larger in the fixed samples. It is concluded that routine FNA biopsy is a practical and reliable method for collecting cells for FCM DNA ploidy determination.
Chronic Motor Cortex Stimulation for Phantom Limb Pain: Correlations between Pain Relief and Functional Imaging Studies (2001)

Chronic motor cortex stimulation (CMCS) has provided satisfactory control of pain in patients with central or trigeminal neuropathic pain. We used this technique in 3 patients with intractable phantom limb pain after upper limb amputation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) correlated to anatomical MRI permitted frameless image guidance for electrode placement. Pain control was obtained for all the patients initially and the relief was stable in 2 of the 3 patients at 2 year follow-up. CMCS can be used to relieve phantom limb pain. fMRI data are useful in assisting the neurosurgeon in electrode placement for this indication.
Molecular oxide-supported rhenium carbonyl complexes: synthesis and characterization by vibrational spectroscopy (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular oxide-supported rhenium carbonyl complexes: synthesis and characterization by vibrational spectroscopyP. S. Kirlin, F. A. DeThomas, J. W. Bailey, H. S. Gold, C. Dybowski, and Bruce C. GatesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 20, 4882–4887Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100411a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100411a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: SOLVOLYSIS OF 1‐ARYLETHYL TOSYLATES. KINETIC AND STEREOCHEMICAL TESTS FOR SOLVENT PARTICIPATION (1985)

Abstract Aus dem lösungsmittelabhängigen Unterschied der polarimetrisch gemessenen und den aus der Produktbildung ermittelten Geschwindigkeitskonstanten für die Solvolyse von optisch aktivem (I) sowie aus den hohen p‐Werten und der Stereochemie der Produkte, die mit steigender Nucleophilie des Lösungsmittels steigende Inversion erkennen läßt, wird auf die Bildung eines Ionenpaares geschlossen, das durch schwach nucleophile Lösungsmittel langsamer angegriffen wird als durch stärker nucleophile.
The Effect of Radiation Therapy and Hyperthermia on a Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Line Grown in Athymic Nude Mice (1991)

The effect of radiation and/or hyperthermia on a human prostatic carcinoma xenograft in athymic nude mice was investigated. A human prostate carcinoma subline (1-LN-PC-3-1A) was inoculated subcutaneously in the thigh of male athymic nude mice. When tumors reached a size of approximately 200 mm.3, they were treated with either radiation (X) or hyperthermia (H) alone, or in combination (X + H). In the combined treatment, hyperthermia was delivered immediately after radiation exposure. Comparison of the time required to reach twice the tumor volume observed at the time of treatment was used to define therapeutic impact on tumor growth. The combined treatment resulted in median tumor volume doubling time of 35.5 days, compared to 18 days and 25.5 days, respectively, for hyperthermia or radiation alone. Analysis of tumor doubling time using a proportional hazards regression indicates that under the conditions of this experiment, the effect of radiation and hyperthermia for 1-LN-PC-3-1A tumors is additive. The impact of this treatment regimen in the management of prostatic cancer requires further investigation.
Surgery for Multiple Valve Disease (1964)

Starr, Albert M.D.; McCord, Colin W. M.D.; Wood, James M.D.; Herr, Rodney M.D.; Edwards, M Lowell B.S. Author Information
Vector lifting schemes for stereo image coding (2009)

Abstract—Many research efforts have been devoted to the improvement of stereo image coding techniques for storage or transmission. In this paper, we are mainly interested in lossy-to-lossless coding schemes for stereo images allowing pro-gressive reconstruction. The most commonly used approaches for stereo compression are based on disparity compensation tech-niques. The basic principle involved in this technique first consists of estimating the disparity map. Then, one image is considered as a reference and the other is predicted in order to generate a residual image. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, based on vector lifting schemes (VLS), which offers the advantage of generating two compact multiresolution representations of the left and the right views. We present two versions of this new scheme. A theoretical analysis of the performance of the considered VLS is also conducted. Experimental results indicate a significant improvement using the proposed structures compared with con-ventional methods. Index Terms—Disparity, image compression, lifting schemes, lossless coding, progressive reconstruction, stereoscopic images, vector lifting schemes, wavelets. I.
Role of the Thymus in Generation of Lymphocyte Functions (1978)

Thymuses of 14-day-old mouse embryos could be maintained in organ culture, using serum-free medium, with generation of lymphocytes that showed strong proliferative reactivity to allogeneic spleen cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Such organ culture derived thymocytes also developed cytotoxic activity against target cells carrying the alloantigens of the stimulating spleen cells in the MLC. The generated cytotoxic activity was, however, proportionately lower than that seen with thymocytes of young mice. A time course study showed that cells with apparent reactivity to both allogeneic spleen cells and to the mitogen Concanavalin A (Con A) first appeared in the thymus organ cultures on day 8-9.
The Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Structures Based on Metal Lattice Architectures (2009)

A range of metallic lattice structures were manufactured using the selective laser melting (SLM) rapid prototyping technique. The lattices were based assemblies of repeating unit-cells with their strands oriented at 0°, ±45°, and 90° to the vertical when viewed from the front. Mechanical tests on the strands and the lattice blocks showed that these systems exhibit a high level of reproducibility in terms of their basic mechanical properties. An examination of the compression failure mechanisms showed that the [±45°] and [±45°, 90°] lattices failed in bending and stretching modes of failure, whereas the [0°, ±45°] lattices failed as a result of buckling of the vertical pillars. Sandwich structures were manufactured by binding woven carbon-fiber reinforced plastic to the lattice structures. Subsequent three-point bend tests on these structures identified the principal failure mechanisms under flexural loading conditions. Here, cell crushing, hinge rotation, and gross plastic deformation in the strands were observed directly under the point of loading. Low-velocity impact tests were conducted on the sandwich beams and a simple energy-balance model was used to understand how energy is absorbed by the sandwich structures. The model suggests that the majority of the incident energy of the projectile was absorbed in indentation effects, predominantly in the core material, directly under the steel indenter.
Interactive Visualization of Netflow Traffic (2015)

We introduce a novel tool for visualizing netflow traffic on enterprise networks called 3D Parallel Coordinate Planes (3DPCP). This tool provides operators with the ability to manipulate the visual flow of network traffic information by arranging two-dimensional planes along a vertical time axis in 3D space.
Large-Scale Self-Organized Growth of (001) Surface-Oriented Colloidal Crystals by Edge Meniscus Effect (2008)

Millimeter-sized films of (100) facing face-centered crystals (fcc) of colloidal nanoparticles have been fabricated by self-assembly on silicon substrates and studied by both optical and scanning electron microscopy. The top surface layer sometimes also reconstructs to form a 1 x n (n varies from 2-7) superstructure. Such (100) oriented regions of the colloidal film are apt to concentrate near the edge of the substrate, and changing the width of the substrate could control the areas of the (100)-oriented domains. The formation of the square packing surface pattern is related to the shape of the meniscus at the edges of the substrate, where the particles suffer additional shear force and higher evaporation, which can be used to control the location and size of the square arrangement of nanoparticles.
Binding and catabolism of aggregated immunoglobulins containing C3b by U937 cells. (1986)

We studied Fc receptor and C3b receptor (CR1) function on U937 cells, a human monocyte cell line. C3b was incorporated into stable soluble heat aggregates of 125I-IgM (A-IgM) and 125I-IgG (A-IgG) by using functionally pure classical pathway components. C3b incorporation was verified by the ability of aggregates to bind to human red cells and by cosedimentation of 125I and 131I during ultracentrifugation. Cell uptake and degradation of A-IgG X C3b was increased up to twofold compared with A-IgG not containing C3b molecules. However, A-IgG X C3b bound to CR1 after Fc receptors were blocked with nonradiolabeled A-IgG were also not endocytosed and catabolized. Moreover, A-IgM X C3b was bound but not degraded by U937 cells. As expected, uptake of A-IgM without C3b was negligible. CR1-mediated binding of A-IgM X C3b was specifically inhibited both by a murine monoclonal antibody against the human CR1 that blocks C3b binding and by C3b oligomers generated by trypsin activation of C3, but not by monoclonal antibodies against the iC3b receptor (CR3). We conclude that CR1 on U937 cells cause increased binding of A-IgG, and this increased binding leads to increased Fc-mediated endocytosis and catabolism of model immune complexes. However, binding of soluble ligands by CR1 alone, even when binding is multivalent, does not lead to endocytosis and degradation of soluble ligands bearing C3b.