gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parameter adaptation for target recognition in LADAR (2005)

Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) algorithms are extremely sensitive to differences between the operating conditions under which they are trained and the extended operating conditions in which the fielded algorithms operate. For ATR algorithms to robustly recognize targets while retaining low false alarm rates, they must be able to identify the conditions under which they are operating and tune their parameters on the fly. In this paper, we present a method for tuning the parameters of a model based ATR algorithm using estimates of the current operating conditions. The problem has two components: 1) identifying the current operating conditions and 2) using that information to tune parameters to improve performance. In this paper, we explore the use of a reinforcement learning technique called tile coding for parameter adaptation. In tile coding, we first define a set of valid states describing the world (the operating conditions of interest, such as the level of obscuration). Next, actions (or parameter settings used by the ATR) are defined that are applied when in that state. Parameter settings for each operating condition are learned using an off-line reinforcement learning feedback loop. The result is a lookup table to select the optimal parameter settings for each operation condition. We present results on real LADAR imagery based on parameter tuning learned off-line using synthetic imagery.
Simultaneous Multi-Access for PMIPv6 based on Single HNP Model (2009)

Simultaneous Multi-Access (SMA), originally designed for MIPv6,
expects to be ported to PMIPv6 to achieve flow binding. However, there
are a lot of problems to adapt SMA to PMIPv6 due to different
mechanisms of two mobility management protocol. This document analyzes
issues of SMA and different multihoming scenarios in PMIPv6. A PMIPv6
system which allows a MN to share HNP across its interfaces is
proposed and a SMA solution is designed for the modified PMIPv6
system. The solution supports flow-based routing and address-based
routing simultaneously.
Towards a methodology for developing a federated database system (2002)

This paper proposes a methodology for developing a federated database system. This principle permits one to use several conjoined databases without defining any global schema. The bottom-up approach is based on the homogenization and the integration of pre-existing and heterogeneous database schemas. Autonomous component database systems participate in a federation by sharing their data. The method provides global integrated views called federated schemas. Our multibase prototype consists of a relational database and the object database ONTOS. The use of classes as the common data model allows one to manipulate complex data structures and to associate process to data during the steps of integration and view definition. The proposed algorithms perform the translation of the component schemas and control the consistency of the export schemas. A schema of classes is represented with a directed graph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) (1978)

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), the enzyme schematically next to adenosine deaminase in the purine salvage pathway, has been demonstrated cytochemically in peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy subjects and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients. The enzyme activity is confined to the cytosol. In healthy subjects the majority of lymphocytes are strongly reactive for PNP, whereas the rest are devoid of cytochemically demonstrable activity. The percentage of PNP- positive cells largely corresponds to the number of E rosette-forming cells and is inversely proportional to the number of Ig-bearing cells. In six of seven CLL patients studied only a minor percentage of the lymphocytes showed strong PNP activity, whereas the large majority (88%- -98%) possessed trace activity. Such patients have a high number of Ig- bearing cells and a low number of E rosette-forming cells. A different pattern of markers was found in the lymphocytes of the seventh CLL patient: 66% were strongly reactive for PNP, an important number formed E rosettes, and a minor percentage were Ig bearing. These data indicate that PNP can be useful as a “nonmembrane” marker in the differentiation of the B and T cell origin in CLL and deserves to be studied in other lymphoproliferative disorders.
식용유지의 (食用油脂) 자동산화 (自動酸化) (1985)

The purpose of the study was to find an effect of medium chain triglyceride (MCT) diet on the serum lipids and lipoprotein of Sprague-Dawley rats when they were fed with cholesterol. All experiment-groups were fed with different diet such as soybean oil, shortening, MCT and MCT mixed with oil respectively. After fed to each group, the levels of serum lipids and lipoprotein among fed rats were examined and the data from the experiment were compared with a control group. The results obtained from this study are as follows: (1) The average boby weight gain in MCT diet and soybean oil diet groups were lighter than that of the control group, while the food efficiency ration in each experimental diet group was almost same as that in the control group. (2) Total cholesterol levels in serum of all experimental diet groups were lower than that of the control group except the level in shortening diet group. Especially, the levels of total cholesterol in MCT diet and soybean oil diet groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. (3) VLDL, LDL-cholesterol levels of all experimental groups were almost same except the case the MCT diet and soybean oil diet group which was significantly low. (4) The ratio of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol, so called, atherogenic index in serum of MCT and soybean oil diet groups were significantly lower than that of the control group. (5) The ratio of total cholesterol to phospholipids in serum of MCT diet group was decreased, because total cholesterol levels were decreased more than phospolipid levels. (6) The ratio of the serum VLDL, LDL to HDL in MCT diet group, in MCT and soybean oil mixed diet group, and in soybean diet group was decreased In other words, it means that the decrease of the serum VLDL, LDL in each group and the increase of the serum HDL.
Metformin's Effects on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Patients with Secondary Failure to Sulfonylureas (1996)

Metformin is an effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment that improves metabolic control and favorably modifies secondary clinical alterations due to insulin resistance, such as arterial hypertension, overweight, and hyperlipidemia, in obese patients with NIDDM suffering from secondary failure to sulfonylureas.
Genetic engineering of a therapeutic lysosomal enzyme to improve its delivery into the central nervous system (2001)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII) is a prototypical lysosomal storage disease, caused by inherited deficiency of beta-glucuronidase (GUSB). GUSB is an acid hydrolase involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). In MPS VII affected individuals, undegraded GAGs accumulate in lysosomes, resulting in progressive cell and organ dysfunction. One major manifestation of MPS VII and many other lysosomal storage diseases is mental retardation. However, treatment of CNS storage is restricted by the limited exogenous enzyme targeting efficiency of the existing delivery systems. One approach to increase GUSB uptake by the CNS is attachment of a moiety that binds to neurons with high affinity and specificity. A candidate is the atoxic tetanus toxin C fragment (TTC), which binds to polysialogangliosides that are abundant on neurons. For gene therapy, genetic fusions of GUSB and TTC are needed to provide a continuous source of the therapeutic protein for delivery. Fusion constructs were made with different TTC fragments attached in frame to the 3′ end of the GUSB cDNA. These constructs were transfected into a MPS VII mouse fibroblast cell line. Qualitative and quantitative enzyme assays demonstrated production and secretion of functional GUSB proteins by transfected cells. ELISA and metabolic labeling experiments demonstrated fusion protein expression from one construct. The fusion protein had similar properties as the wild-type GUSB, however, unlike GUSB, it also exhibited a TTC-dependent neuronal uptake profile. In vivo peripheral cell inoculation experiments showed that the secreted fusion protein underwent retrograde transport into the central nervous system. The protein was also detected in second-order neurons. This dissertation demonstrated successful production of a functional GUSB-TTC fusion protein from a genetic fusion construct. The fusion protein exhibited significantly increased neuronal affinity and specificity characteristic of native tetanus toxin. These findings illustrated an alternate CNS delivery pathway for macromolecules that do not normally penetrate the blood-brain barrier and those that have relatively low neuronal affinity. This strategy has potential not only in the treatment of lysosomal storage diseases but also other diseases involving the central nervous system.
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indoprofen. (1977)

Many non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, analgesic drugs appear to produce their effects by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. These investigations were undertaken to determine whether a new anti-inflammatory compound, indoprofen, inhibited prostaglandin synthesis in vitro when present in incubation medium or following systemic administration. The results indicated that indoprofen effectively inhibited prostaglandin synthesis in kidney and uterus. Indoprofen was equally effective as indomethacin and aspirin in inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis. The relative potency of the drug was intermediate between indomethacin and aspirin.
Radial basis functions theory and implementations (2003)

In many areas of mathematics, science and engineering, from computer graphics to inverse methods to signal processing, it is necessary to estimate parameters, usually multidimensional, by approximation and interpolation. Radial basis functions are a powerful tool which work well in very general circumstances and so are becoming of widespread use as the limitations of other methods, such as least squares, polynomial interpolation or wavelet-based, become apparent. The author's aim is to give a thorough treatment from both the theoretical and practical implementation viewpoints. For example, he emphasises the many positive features of radial basis functions such as the unique solvability of the interpolation problem, the computation of interpolants, their smoothness and convergence and provides a careful classification of the radial basis functions into types that have different convergence. A comprehensive bibliography rounds off what will prove a very valuable work
A wide dynamic range square-law diode detector (for radioastronomy) (1988)

Semiconductor square-law diode detectors are frequently used in radio astronomy to recover signals immersed in the system noise. Their use is commonly restricted to narrow dynamic ranges of very low signal levels where the square-law is valid. A circuit based on operational amplifiers is proposed that would minimize temperature-drift effects within a dynamic range greater than 30 dB, with an efficiency 600 timer greater than the simple high-impedance unbiased detector. Using square-law detector theory, optimum performance is determined for a detector driving source impedance of about 14% of the dynamic resistance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of double bond position in octadecenoates upon hydrolysis by pancreatic lipase (1973)

Abstract Fifteen triacylglycerols containing 12∶0, 14∶0, 16∶0, 18∶2 and one positional isomer of cis ‐18∶1 were hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase (EC 3.1.1.3, glycerol ester hydrolase). The fatty acids in the products of lipolysis were identified and measured by gas liquid chromatography. The substrates containing the Δ2 through Δ7 isomers of 18∶1 were resistant to pancreatic lipolysis. These isomers accumulated in the di‐ and residual triacylglycerols and were diminished in the free fatty acids. The discrimination was greates against the Δ5 isomer.
10 years of patch testing with the (meth)acrylate series (1997)

Statistics on 10 years of patch testing with 30 (meth)acrylates were compiled. Altogether 275 patients were patch tested and 48 patients (17.5%) had an allergic reaction to at least 1 (meth)acrylate. The (meth)acrylates most often provoking an allergic patch test reaction were 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA; 12.1%), 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA; 12.0%) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA; 11.4%). No allergic reactions were caused by 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA), 2,2-bis[4-(methacryloxy)phenyl]propane (BIS-MA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), oligotriacrylate 480 (OTA 480), N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA), or ethyl cyanoacrylate (ECA). The frequency of allergic patch test reactions presented cannot be considered as a "ranking" list of the most sensitizing (meth)acrylate compounds. In order to be able to judge the sensitization capacity of various (meth)acrylate compounds in humans, it would be necessary to have detailed information on the exposure history of the patients studied, including the purity of the (meth)acrylate compounds. Currently, this is not possible because (meth)acrylate-containing products regularly contain undeclared (meth)acrylate compounds.
Improvement in transfusion safety using a specially designed transfusion wristband (2000)

Fatal haemolytic transfusion reaction due to ABO incompatibility occurs mainly as a result of clerical error. A blood sample drawn from the wrong patient and labelled as another patient's will not be detected by the blood bank unless there is a previous ABO grouping result. We report here the detection of such clerical error by the use of a specially designed transfusion wristband. The wristband has the following special features: (i) once attached, it cannot be removed except by cutting; (ii) it has a pocket containing a transfusion label; (iii) a unique transfusion barcode is printed on each transfusion label and the corresponding wristband simultaneously by computer technology; (iv) a transfusion label removed from the wristband after attachment to the patient has a characteristic tear-mark distinguishing it from one removed prior to attachment. The blood bank only accepted those specimens bearing the tear-marked transfusion labels. All blood units for this patient were labelled with this unique transfusion code together with the patient's details. The nurses counter-checked the transfusion code on the blood units against the transfusion code on the patient's transfusion wristband prior to transfusion. If the blood sample for compatibility testing was drawn from the 'wrong' patient, the intended patient either did not carry a wristband or the transfusion codes did not match at all. Pretransfusion compatibility tests were performed on 2189 patient samples using this procedure. It was well accepted by both ward and blood bank staff. Two potential mismatched transfusions were avoided. These two clerical errors would not have been detected because neither patient had previous ABO grouping results.
Energy-Effective Frost-Free Coatings Based on Superhydrophobic Aligned Nanocones (2014)

We demonstrate the feasibility of superhydrophobic aligned nanocones as energy-effective frost-free coatings. Exemplified by Co(OH)2 nanocone films with condensed microdrop self-removal ability, their edge and whole-surface frosting time can be delayed to about 10 and 150 min, respectively. By using a Teflon gasket to shield edges, the samples can keep frost-free state over 90 min. Further, the lasting frost-free state can be realized by intermittent weak airflow heating, which is energy-effective in contrast to usual high-power heating for defrosting flat surfaces. These findings are significant to develop antifrosting nanotechnologies for energy-effective heat exchangers such as heat pumps and refrigerators.
<i>CYP3A4</i> variant alleles in white individuals with low CYP3A4 enzyme activity (2002)

Although the genetic component of the interindividual variability of CYP3A4 enzyme activity seems to be high, our findings do not support a key role for the variant alleles analyzed on the majority of white persons with low CYP3A4 activity. This suggests the occurrence of as yet unknown mutations that affect CYP3A4 or other functionally related genes.
<title>High Bandpass Spatial Filtering Of The Primary X-Ray Beam</title> (1980)

A method of spatially filtering the primary x-ray beam to emphasize the middle and upper frequency structure within a patient is under investigation. In a feasibility study, a copper filter is constructed which complements the low frequency structure of a scout film. The filter is placed in the x-ray beam and a new radiograph is taken. The result is a final x-ray in which the low frequency structures are suppressed, i.e., the middle and upper frequency structures are emphasized. This provides nearly constant detection probabilities for small, low contrast structures, regardless of their location in the patient. The results obtained from several such filters are very encouraging.
Possibility of insulator to superconductor phase transition (1979)

A phase diagram is postulated where the ground-state of a strongly coupled electron-phonon system is a bipolaronic insulator beyond a critical coupling strength. This opens up the possibility of phase transition from a superconductor to insulator at T = 0, as the coupling is varied.
Tunable laser technology for sensing applications (2004)

Widely tunable lasers that have been developed for the telecommunications industry have many applications in the sensing industry and bring the advantages of technology robustness, volume low cost potential, ultra fast tuning capabilities and high performance. These traits are now being further exploited in sensing applications such as gas sensing, sensor interrogation systems, optical frequency domain reflectometry based systems and interformeteric sensing. The current paper gives an overview of a number of these areas and how tunable laser technologies, particularly those based on monolithic tunable lasers, are being successfully deployed in real world sensing scenarios.
Influence of minor thermal injury on expression of complement receptor CR3 on human neutrophils. (1986)

Thermal injury is well known to inhibit functions of the circulating neutrophil related to its role in host defense against infection, but the mechanism(s) of this phenomenon are not fully understood. To gain further clues to these mechanisms, the authors have studied patients with thermal injury in terms of altered expression of neutrophil cell membrane receptors for the opsonic complement-derived ligand C3bi--complement receptor Type 3, or CR3. CR3 expression was selected for study because an increase in the number of receptors on the cell surface can be stimulated by products of complement activation known to accumulate after thermal injury and because of the role of CR3 in phagocytic and adherence functions of the neutrophil. Expression of CR3 was monitored semiquantitatively by flow cytometry with the use of a murine monoclonal antibody (OKM1) specific for an antigen (CD11) associated with this receptor. Patients evaluated were limited in this study to those with minor degrees of thermal injury (second-degree burn involving less than 20% of total body surface area) so that possible confounding effects of major injury and its complications could be eliminated. It was observed that patient neutrophil CR3 becomes significantly up-regulated during the first week, as early as 1 day after injury. The maximum level of expression of CR3 averaged greater than 150% (range, 70-314%) of the respective minimum level observed for each patient. The minimum levels of expression of CR3 on patient neutrophils, reached 11-37 days after injury for 7 of 8 patients, were comparable to the level of expression of CR3 on unstimulated control neutrophils. Such temporal up-regulation of patient neutrophil CR3 suggests the early generation of stimuli of CR3 mobilization in response to thermal injury. Increased numbers of CR3 on patient neutrophils may augment microbicidal function and enhance or inhibit delivery of cells to the burn site.
Printed electrically conductive composites: conductive filler designs and surface engineering (2013)

Enormous efforts have been made towards the next generation of flexible, low-cost, environmentally benign printed electronics. In this regard, advanced materials for the printed conductive lines and interconnects are of significant importance. To improve efficiency and effectiveness, for several decades, conductive fillers have been filled into dispersants, which lead to the so-called electrically conductive composites (ECCs), which are a key material to the printed electronics varying from substituting the traditional solders to finding new applications in the blooming field of flexible printed electronics. ECCs in various formulations have converged in the current efforts to develop platforms with the desired specifications of electrical and thermal conductance, mechanical strength, and others. This platform is highly versatile and valuable for the emerging novel electronic devices, which emphasize tailoring processing conditions to cater to the key functional materials to optimize outcomes. The properties obtained can facilitate decisions about modifications to treatment. Noble metal fillers, such as silver flakes, have long been studied as active fillers for the ECCs. Owing to the recent progress in nanotechnology and surface modifications, many new avenues have opened for them. By taking advantage of the well-developed surface chemistry of these materials, researchers are enhancing their electrical conductivity, which is essential for broader applications. In recent years, the advances of ECCs have benefited the development of the applications of optoelectronics, e-papers, electromagnetic shielding, clinical diagnosis, radio frequency devices, etc. Despite the various advantages that they can offer over the traditional technologies, their limitations, e.g. low electrical conductivity, poor impact strength, increased contact resistance at elevated temperatures and humidity aging, have been considered as the major obstacles. In this feature article, we introduce the surface engineering techniques of the conductive filler materials that we and others have developed, with an emphasis on how these techniques influence the performance of the ECCs, especially for the improvement of the filler-to-filler electron transfer in the resin dispersants, some of which have potentially been approaching the theoretical upper limit of what they can reach in electrical conductivity. We and others have developed a set of chemical and engineering methods to modify the conductive fillers, enabling tailor-made surface functionalities and charges. These features, in turn, can be harnessed to adjust the electrical property and reliability of the ECCs, and further, to cater to various novel printed electronics, based on e.g. low temperature processing conditions.