gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<b>Substituent Effects. I. Introduction</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSubstituent Effects. I. IntroductionMichael J. S. Dewar and Patrick J. GrisdaleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 18, 3539–3541Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00877a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00877a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AN INTEGRATED DYNAMIC MODEL FOR FUNGAL SPORE INACTIVATION BY SELECTIVE INFRARED HEATING (2004)

The effect of selective infrared radiation (IR) heating for the inactivation of fungal spores based on a dynamictemperature profile was explored by an integrated model that combined the thermal death kinetics with heat transfer duringIR heating. Selective IR heating was found to differentially contribute to a higher degree of lethality compared to normal IRheating. Differential heating of fungal spores was validated by demonstrating that dry fungal spores were heated by up to 6.Chigher than pure corn meal after 300 s of heating. An R2-value greater than 0.98 was observed between the model-predictedand measured survival ratios. The denaturation of protein components in the selective IR range also contributed to anadditional increase in the degree of lethality of fungal spores, compared to model prediction.
An architecture and protocol, an access control model, and a sighting blurring algorithm for improving users' security in the context of location based services operating over the internet (2009)

A new type of service, known as a Location Based Service (LBS), is emerging that\nincorporates users' location information, and many of these LBSs operate over the\nInternet. However, the potential misuse of this location information is a serious\nconcern. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis is to develop techniques, which\nincrease users' security and privacy, for use with these LBSs.\nThe �rst technique that we propose is a three-party protocol that is used to mutually\nidentify and authenticate users, LBSs, and a trusted middleware infrastructure\nthat is responsible for managing the users' identity and location information. This\nprotocol enables users to simultaneously identify and authenticate themselves to the\ninfrastructure using real identities, and to the LBSs using pseudonyms. This protocol\ncan be subsequently used to securely exchange messages containing location\ninformation.\nThe second technique that we propose is an access control model that enables\nusers to create permissions that specify which users and LBSs are entitled to obtain\nlocation information about which other users, under what circumstances the location\ninformation is released to the users and LBSs, and the accuracy of any location\ninformation that is released to the users and LBSs.\nThe third technique that we propose is a blurring algorithm that performs spatial\nblurring on users' location information. It does not perform temporal blurring,\nbecause this reduces an LBS's ability to �offer a useful service. Instead, our blurring\nalgorithm introduces a new parameter that speci�es the frequency with which location\ninformation is released for a particular user. This frequency parameter is a\nfunction of the size of the blurred location.\nThese three techniques can be used as part of an overall solution for providing\nusers with increased security while using LBSs that operate over the Internet.
Deformation Modes and Anomalous Strengthening of Ni<sub>3</sub>X -Type Intermetallic Compounds with the Geometrically Close-Packed Structure (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Conversion of tritiated hydrogen to water in the atmosphere. [Review of current information; 96 references] (1976)

The report summarizes present information on the atmospheric reactions of tritium. The global distribution of hydrogen and of water is first considered. Data on tritium distribution are then compared and, finally, known reactions which may convert tritiated hydrogen-containing molecules are discussed. Approximately 99 percent of the world's inventory of tritium exists as HTO. Although most of it is in the ocean, a significant portion still resides in the stratosphere. However, in the troposphere, which is the primary concern of this review, most of the tritium is in the form of HT, a smaller amount as HTO, and a much smaller but still significant amount as CH/sub 3/T. Further, the tritium-to-hydrogen ratio in the troposphere is higher in hydrogen and in methane than it is in water vapor. The formation of HTO by exchange of HT or T/sub 2/ with water or by direct oxidation with oxygen, in the absence of catalysts, is extremely slow at concentrations in the atmosphere that might exist a few minutes after a tritium release. Photochemical oxidation may be the predominant conversion mechanism and over larger periods of time may combine with bacterial action to serve as the principal pathways of conversion of HT (or T/sub 2/) and CH/sub 3/T to HTO or other more reactive forms of tritium. The net conversion rate following a tritium release to the atmosphere would be expected to be less than 1 percent in 24 hr. The significance of the relatively high tritium content in atmospheric methane needs evaluation. Monitoring of CH/sub 3/T has been largely neglected in the past. Considerable uncertainty exists in some of the data on which these conclusions are based and recommendations are made for further work.
Phase II study of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation. (1996)

Twenty-three children with congenital or acquired hematological disorders and 8 children with solid tumors received filgrastim at a dose of 5 micrograms/Kg by a daily 2-hour infusion following allogeneic (18 cases) or autologous (13 cases) bone marrow transplantation (group I). The results were compared with those of a disease, age and type of transplant matched cohort of 31 children treated in the same institution who did not receive the growth factor (group II). Filgrastim treatment was started within 24 hours of completion of the marrow infusion and lasted for 21 consecutive days or until the absolute neutrophil count reached 10 x 10(9)/l for 3 consecutive days. Twelve variables were evaluated prospectively in Group I and retrospectively in Group II. Myeloid reconstitution with peripheral granulocyte counts > 0.5 x 10(9)/L was achieved at a median time of 13 days in group I and of 14 days in group II (p = ns). Platelet recovery to > 50 x 10(9)/L was slower in group I (43 vs 30 days: p < .05). Median time to last platelet and red blood cell infusion was higher in group I (33 vs 18 days for platelets, p < .05; 45 vs 25 for red blood cells, p < .005). Filgrastim-treated children undergoing autologous BMT had fewer days of fever (6 vs 10 days, p < .05). There was no significant toxicity ascribable to filgrastim. Clinically and microbiologically documented infections, days of antibiotic therapy, duration of total parenteral nutrition and median time in hospital were similar in both groups. We conclude that in children undergoing autologous BMT for malignancies, filgrastim significantly reduced the number of febrile days. Similar benefits were not observed in children undergoing allogeneic BMT. Children receiving filgrastim experienced a delay in erythrocyte and platelet recovery. A prospective randomized study is required to better define the cost-benefit of filgrastim in children undergoing autologous or allogeneic BMT.
Pseudopeptides with a centrally positioned alkene-based disulphide bridge mimetic stimulate kallikrein-related peptidase 3 activity (2013)

First successful pseudopeptides of the KLK3-activating bicyclic peptide “C-4” are reported.
Reversible Phototuning of Ferromagnetism at Au–S Interfaces at Room Temperature (2007)

Wie aus dem Nichts: Starke photoinduzierte Änderungen des Ferromagnetismus wurden an der Grenzfläche zwischen Goldnanopartikeln (Au-NPs) und ankonjugierten Azobenzolthiolen beobachtet. Die photomagnetischen Effekte können einem Wechsel des bei der Photoisomerisierung des Azoliganden auftretenden Ladungsverlustes und der damit einhergehenden Umkehr des Oberflächendipols zugeschrieben werden.
Mini-channel aluminium heat exchangers with small inside volumes. (2003)

Enormous quantities of heat are available in air, soil, water, exhaust air from buildings, and in waste water of any kind. However these heat sources are use-less for heating purposes since their temperatures are lower than the tempera-ture required for heating. Heat pumps can be used to extract heat from these sources with a small expenditure of additional energy and up-grade and deliver the energy as useful heat for room heating. The heat pump cycle employs the well-known vapour compression cycle. The amount of heat delivered by a heat pump is equal to the amount of energy extracted from the heat source plus the heat equivalent to the compression work of the heat pump. Heat pumps, of course, are being generally accepted as outstanding energy saving units due their coefficient of performance (COP). Heat pumps for house heating have been used extensively in many countries and are especially common in Sweden. The annual growth rate of heat pump usage in Sweden is the same as in rest of Europe. According to the Swedish heat pump association, between 1986 to August 2003, the number of installed heat pump units in Sweden was 332,309. The demand for heat pumps started to increase from the year 1995 and in the year 2002, approximately 40,000 heat pump units were installed. Among the many types available, single-family heat pumps providing heating capacity of about 5 kW are widely popular. The main drawbacks of heat pumps are the complexity of the systems, high cost, need of technical knowledge, safety hazards and environmental effects of certain refrigerants, etc. An efficient heat pump with small refrigerant charge would have less of some of these drawbacks and could be a competitive alterna-tive to other heating processes. In this study, methods of refrigerant charge minimisation without reducing the performance of a small capacity (5 kW) heat pump have been investigated. Work has been focused on finding refrigerant charge distribution in different components of the heat pump, on finding out the solubility of refrigerant (pro-pane) with different compressor lubrications oils, on testing different types of compact heat exchangers, on constructing new minichannel heat exchangers and on finding correlations for calculating the heat transfer of minichannel heat exchangers. The results included in this thesis have been presented in four con-ference papers and five journal papers of which two were published and three were submitted for publication.
P1‐126: Investigating Alzheimer's disease in the blood cellular fraction (2011)

Traditionally, when blood is used to generate a diagnostic model of Alzheimer's disease it is the plasma layer which undergoes analysis. However given the knowledge that the amyloid precursor protein and the proteases which produce Aß are all transmembrane proteins, more recent work has focused on the oft discarded blood cellular fraction. In line with this, the blood cellular fraction of AD patients has been found to contain elevated levels of both monomeric and dimeric Aß, in addition to a 9962Da species which is elevated in control blood. Given the initial success of this study it was thought that a discovery-based examination of the blood cellular fraction would uncover candidate biomarkers and thus provide fresh insight into the pathogenesis of AD. Blood cellular fractions were collected from AD patients, individuals with mildcognitive impairment (MCI) and healthy controls and were analysed using copper-loaded immobilised metal affinity capture (IMAC) arrays in conjunction with Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption / Ionisation Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The resulting candidate markers underwent pair-wise comparisons with measures of disease severity, including MMSE and cortical amyloid loading, before being used in conjunction with Aß levels to generate a partial least squares (PLS) regression model. The analysis resulted in the observation of three candidate biomarkers, which could distinguish between AD patients and healthy controls (ROC AUC > 0.8). In addition to this, bivariate pair-wise comparisons revealed significant correlations between the levels of the candidate markers within the blood with measures of disease severity including neocortical amyloid burden, hippocampal volume and measures of cognitive function. The PLS model generated using the candidate markers in addition to monomeric and dimeric Aß levels was able to distinguish AD patients from their healthy counterparts with high sensitivity (77%) and specificity (90%). Furthermore the model was able to separate MCI converters from those who remained stable. Whilst requiring further characterisation, these candidate biomarkers reaffirm the potential efficacy of blood-based investigations into neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the findings indicate that the incorporation of additional, non Aß1-42, markers into predictive models, function to increase the accuracy of Aß1-42 as a diagnostic measure.
ChemInform Abstract: ADP Receptors on Platelets and ADP‐Selective Antiaggregating Agents (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural organization of an encephalitic human isolate of Banna virus (genus Seadornavirus, family Reoviridae) (2005)

Banna virus (BAV) is the type species of the genus Seadornavirus within the family Reoviridae. The Chinese BAV isolate (BAV-Ch), which causes encephalitis in humans, was shown to have a structural organization and particle morphology reminiscent of that of rotaviruses, with fibre proteins projecting from the surface of the particle. Intact BAV-Ch virus particles contain seven structural proteins, two of which (VP4 and VP9) form the outer coat. The inner (core) particles contain five additional proteins (VP1, VP2, VP3, VP8 and VP10) and are 'non-turreted', with a relatively smooth surface appearance. VP2 is the 'T = 2' protein that forms the innermost 'subcore' layer, whilst VP8 is the 'T = 13' protein forming the core-surface layer. Sequence comparisons indicate that BAV VP9 and VP10 are equivalent to the VP8* and VP5* domains, respectively, of rotavirus outer-coat protein VP4 (GenBank accession no. P12976). VP9 has also been shown to be responsible for virus attachment to the host-cell surface and may be involved in internalization. These similarities reveal a previously unreported genetic link between the genera Rotavirus and Seadornavirus, although the expression of BAV VP9 and VP10 from two separate genome segments, rather than by the proteolytic cleavage of a single gene product (as seen in rotavirus VP4), suggests a significant evolutionary jump between the members of these two genera.
[Application of the treadmill test for estimation of motor dysfunction due to pain in lumbar region and lower extremities]. (1991)

Manual muscle test is one of the most reliable and objective examinations to evaluate motor dysfunction due to pain in lumbar region and lower extremities. This test is often used in the field of rehabilitation. However, it is somewhat complicated to use in general practice. Even in a pain clinic, some parts of the work are taken by these orthopedic diseases. It is thought necessary to have a convenient test to estimate the degree of motor dysfunctions. We chose the treadmill exercise test for this purpose and investigated the relationship between the manual test and treadmill test in the literature. The relationship of y = 0.85x - 185.71 was obtained and coefficient of correlation was 0.372 which is significant (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, exercise test seemed to reflect the states of recovery from disorder in each patient.
TEN YEARS OF FIRE BLIGHT IN AUSTRIA: SURVEY AND CONTROL MEASURES (2006)

Erwinia amylovora isolates were differentiated by means of SSRs, some by PFGE pattern and by distinct activities of peroxidases and enhancement of flavanoid and lignin production in infected plant tissue. Longterm monitoring in defined areas showed that E. amylovora can either remain very homogenous with high SSRs for at least ten years or vary with a shift to SSRs with low numbers, possibly depending on the competitive growth and replacement of certain strains as shown by co-culture. When traditional orchard cultivars were evaluated good correlations between field observations and artificial infections under greenhouse conditions were observed: 5 out of 15 apple cultivars (‘Falchs Gulderling’, ‘Florianer Rosmarin’, ‘Weberbartl’, ‘Roter Boskoop’, ‘Rheinischer Bohnapfel’) and none of 25 pear cultivars proved to be less susceptible. In traditional orchards recovery of labelled bees as vectors for biocontrol agents was about 50% depending on the vicinity of other attractive target plants. The natural occurrence of Pantoea agglomerans in bees’ forage and bee products decreased from 80% in pollen loads to 0% in honey and royal jelly.
Prediction of task-based, surgeon efficiency metrics during robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery (2019)

We present a machine learning algorithm for predicting surgeon performance on future tasks given performance on previous tasks during robotic-assisted surgery. Performance is estimated via six heuristics, called metrics, which are derived from da Vinci Surgical System data streams and which have previously demonstrated significance in differentiating expertise. We use a boosted ensemble of regression trees, which learns a regression from 193 system data features to one of the six target metrics. Predictions from our algorithm are evaluated on whether they achieve significantly lower error than two intelligent guesses: (1) guessing a surgeon performs the future task exactly as how she performed the previous task (GUESS PREV) and (2) guessing a surgeon will have average performance on the future task (GUESS MEAN). We show that our algorithm can predict metrics of future tasks, significantly (p <; 0.05) outperforming GUESS PREV on 19 out of 36 metrics and task pairs and GUESS MEAN on 8 out of 36 metrics and task pairs. This work serves as a first step towards pre-operative performance estimation, where a surgeon can proactively improve performance rather than relying solely on post-operative feedback.
Stable Scheduling Policies for Maximizing Throughput in Generalized Constrained Queueing Systems (2008)

We consider a class of queueing networks referred to as "generalized constrained queueing networks" which form the basis of several different communication networks and information systems. These networks consist of a collection of queues such that only certain sets of queues can be concurrently served. Whenever a queue is served, the system receives a certain reward. Different rewards are obtained for serving different queues, and furthermore, the reward obtained for serving a queue depends on the set of concurrently served queues. We demonstrate that the dependence of the rewards on the schedules alter fundamental relations between performance metrics like throughput and stability. Specifically, maximizing the throughput is no longer equivalent to maximizing the stability region; we therefore need to maximize one subject to certain constraints on the other. Since stability is critical for bounding packet delays and buffer overflow, we focus on maximizing the throughput subject to stabilizing the system. We design provably optimal scheduling strategies that attain this goal by scheduling the queues for service based on the queue lengths and the rewards provided by different selections. The proposed scheduling strategies are however computationally complex. We subsequently develop techniques to reduce the complexity and yet attain the same throughput and stability region. We demonstrate that our framework is general enough to accommodate random rewards and random scheduling constraints.
Mobile demersal megafauna abundances at wind farm alpha ventus foundations (German Bight) – two years after construction (2013)

Several thousand planned wind turbine foundations will substantially increase the amount of habitat available for hard bottom associated mobile demersal megafauna (MDM) in the German Bight (North Sea). To assess the effect of the large scale habitat creation on MDM-stocks, the foundations of the wind farm alpha ventus were systematically scrutinized by diving. Two years after construction, hard bottom species already reached 100fold higher abundances at the foundations than at autochthonous soft sediments. Large concentrations of pouting (Trisopterus luscus) and the Atlantic horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) were detected. The brown crab (Cancer pagurus) reached abundances of 2,300 at single foundations, whereas it was only 29 individuals at the reference areas of comparable sizes. The uppermost parts of the foundations were densely colonised exclusively by young C. pagurus– potentially functioning as a nursery ground. The adjacent sea floor was inhabited by adults. The stocks of predatory hard bottom species could multiply with the establishment of numerous foundations in the North Sea. Calculative, 5,000 tripods provide habitat for up to 275 % more C. pagurus in the German Bight. The settlement of MDM at the foundations of wind farms should be considered when assessing offshore wind power reef effects and environmental impacts.
A Regio- and Stereodivergent Synthesis of <i>v</i><i>ic</i>-Amino Alcohols (2000)

A regio- and stereodivergent synthesis of vic-amino alcohols starting from vinylepoxides is described. The developed strategy focuses on the propensity of vinylepoxides and vinylaziridines to be ring-opened at the allylic position by suitable nucleophiles and makes use of reactions that perform such tasks selectively with either retention or inversion of configuration.