gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multilayered Electron Extracting System for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells (2020)

Abstract Power conversion efficiencies of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly increased from 3.8% to a certified 25.2% within only a decade. Eliminating possible recombination losses at the interfaces is essential to further improve both efficiency and stability of this class of emerging photovoltaic technology. Herein, a simple approach for improving the electron extraction of the PC 60 BM electron transport layer (ETL) is presented by sequentially depositing Al:ZnO (AZO) and triphenyl‐phosphine oxide (TPPO) on top of it, in a p–i–n device configuration. The efficiency of the resulting CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 ‐based solar cell is shown to improve from 14.6%, measured for the control PC 60 BM‐only cell, to 17.9% for double‐ETL (PC 60 BM/AZO) and 19.2% for triple‐ETL (PC 60 BM/AZO/TPPO)‐based devices, respectively. Optimized triple‐ETL‐based cells exhibit high fill factor of 82%. The combination of electrical and quantum mechanical calculations shows that efficiency improvement is attributed to reduced trap‐assisted recombination at the interface and better energy level alignment due to chemical interactions between PC 60 BM, AZO, and TPPO. Moreover, it is shown that the use of multilayer ETL results in better device stability ( T 80 ≈ 800 h) under constant illumination. This work opens new possibilities for inexpensive highly efficient and stable multilayered contacts for PSCs by combining organic small molecules and metal oxides.
Tap Test: Evolution of an Old Technique (2009)

This special issue on NDT ofadhesive bonds contains papers that discuss a number of issues and approaches for assessing bonded joints. Fundamental to our experience with bonds is the tap test that so many use in their daily lives. In this Back to Basics, the authors review for us the physics of how the tap test works, how technology can improve its capabilities for NDT and how it measures up against other techniques.
Synthese neuer Fluorsulfonylverbindungen (1969)

Abstract Fluorsulfonylisocyanat reagiert mit Säuren des Typs RCO 2 H (R  CH 3 , CH 2 Cl, CHCl 2 und CCl 3 ) unter Decarboxylierung zu den N ‐Fluorsulfonyl‐carbonsäureamiden 1–4 . Mit PCl 5 setzen sich diese Verbindungen unter HCl‐ und POCl 3 ‐Abspaltung zu den N ‐Fluorsulfonyl‐acetimidsäurechloriden 5–8 um. Das Chlor in Verbindung 5 kann durch OCH 3 , OC 2 H 5 , NHCH 3 , NHC 2 H 5 , N(C 2 H 5 ) 2 und NH 2 substituiert werden ( 9–14 ). Die Synthese zweier neuer isomerer Amine ( 16 und 18 ) wird beschrieben. Die IR‐, 19 F‐ und 1 H‐NMR‐Daten dieser Verbindungen sind beigefügt.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES WITH CARBON SULFIDES AND SELENIDES AS LIGANDS. 2. THIOCARBONYL‐METAL COMPLEXES FROM CARBON SELENIDE SULFIDE (1980)

Abstract In dem Komplex (I), der aus (II) und CS 3 früher dargestellt wurde, ist der n′ ‐Ligand sehr fest gebunden und geht nicht bei Phosphineinwirkung in den entsprechenden Thiocarbonylkomplex über.
In vitro model of suicide gene therapy for alpha-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer. (2004)

Therapeutic application of the AFP enhancer/promoter-specific transfer of the HSVtk gene followed by GCV administration against AFP-producing gastric cancer deserves attention and further research.
Precipitating relativistic electrons: Their long‐term effect on stratospheric odd nitrogen levels (1991)

Using electron count rate data at geostationary orbit, daily energy spectra, extending from 30 keV to 15 MeV, have been developed for trapped relativistic electrons at 6.6 R E These spectra have been used to model the flux of these electrons into the atmosphere at 120 km. Energy deposition calculations permit daily sources of HO x and NO y to be calculated at auroral and subauroral latitudes due to relativistic electron precipitation (REP) for the period June 13, 1979, through June 4, 1988. Both short‐term and long‐term source variations are quite large over the period considered. The long‐term variation of the NO y source is found to reach a maximum in late 1984 and early 1985, with significant declines thereafter. Daily Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV) O 3 data show a significant response to these precipitation events. Two‐dimensional model calculations have been carried out for the period 1979 to 1990 with REP effects included through June 4, 1988. Results suggest that globally integrated NO y has increased by 35–40% from 1979 to early 1985 with declines thereafter. The largest long‐term increases are found in the lower stratosphere at the high latitudes. Comparisons of Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS), Solar Mesospheric Explorer (SME), Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE), and SAGE II NO 2 data are consistent with these calculations. The results suggest that a significant contribution to the anomalously large and unexplained global O 3 declines between 1979 and 1985 has been made by the catalytic destruction of O 3 by odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere at mid to high latitudes. The results also provide evidence for a clear and strong linkage between solar variability, the state of the magnetosphere, and the chemical climatological state of the middle and lower atmosphere.
Getting the Most Out of Zinc (2009)

METS has been involved in projects that help to get the most out of zinc. Details of the different METS projects to create the best possible strategies for the processing of lead and zinc ores in the current market are highlighted.
Energy level decay and excited state absorption processes in erbium-doped tellurite glass (2011)

The fundamental excited state decay processes relating to the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition in singly Er3+-doped tellurite (TZNL) glass have been investigated in detail using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Selective laser excitation of the 4I11/2 energy level at 970 nm and selective laser excitation of the 4I13/2 energy level at 1485 nm has established that energy transfer upconversion by way of a dipole-dipole interaction between two excited erbium ions in the 4I13/2 level populates the 4I11/2 upper laser level of the 3 μm transition. This upconversion has been analyzed for Er2O3 concentrations between 0.5 mol. % and 2.2 mol. %. The 4I13/2 and 4I11/2 energy levels emit luminescence with peaks located at 1532 nm and 2734 nm, respectively, with radiative decay efficiencies of 65% and 6.8% for the higher (2.2 mol. %) concentration sample. The low 2.7 μm emission efficiency is due to the non-radiative decay bridging the 4I11/2 → 4I13/2 transition and energy transfer to the OH− groups in the glass. Excited state absorption was observed to occur from the 4I13/2 and 4I11/2 levels with peak absorptions occurring at 1550 nm and 971 nm, respectively. The decay time of the 4I11/2 excited state decreased with an increase in the Er3+ concentration, which related to energy transfer to OH− ions that had a measured concentration of 6.6 × 1018 cm−3. Results from numerical simulations showed that a population inversion is reached at a threshold pumping intensity of ∼80 kW cm−2 for a cw laser pump at 976 nm if [Er3+] ≥ 1.2 × 1021 cm−3 (or [Er2O3] ≥ 2.65 mol. %) without OH− impurities being present.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Determines the Differential Response of Breast Cancer and Normal Cells to Piperlongumine (2015)

Piperlongumine, a natural alkaloid isolated from the long pepper, selectively increases reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cell death in cancer cells but not in normal cells. However, the molecular mechanism underlying piperlongumine-induced selective killing of cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, we observed that human breast cancer MCF-7 cells are sensitive to piperlongumine-induced apoptosis relative to human MCF-10A breast epithelial cells. Interestingly, this opposing effect of piperlongumine appears to be mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Piperlongumine upregulated HO-1 expression through the activation of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) signaling in both MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells. However, knockdown of HO-1 expression and pharmacological inhibition of its activity abolished the ability of piperlongumine to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, whereas those promoted apoptosis in MCF-10A cells, indicating that HO-1 has anti-tumor functions in cancer cells but cytoprotective functions in normal cells. Moreover, it was found that piperlongumine-induced Nrf2 activation, HO-1 expression and cancer cell apoptosis are not dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species. Instead, piperlongumine, which bears electrophilic α,β-unsaturated carbonyl groups, appears to inactivate Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1) through thiol modification, thereby activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and subsequently upregulating HO-1 expression, which accounts for piperlongumine-induced apoptosis in cancer cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that direct interaction of piperlongumine with Keap1 leads to the upregulation of Nrf2-mediated HO-1 expression, and HO-1 determines the differential response of breast normal cells and cancer cells to piperlongumine.
The Effect of In-Flight Bulk Metallic Glass Particle Temperature on Impact Behavior and Crystallization (2007)

NiTiZrSiSn bulk metallic glass powder was produced using inert gas atomization and then was sprayed onto a SS 41 mild steel substrate using the kinetic spraying process. Considering the principle of kinetic spraying and the temperature dependent deformation behavior of the bulk metallic glass, an attempt to change the in-flight particle temperature was tried by modifying the kinetic spraying apparatus. Through this study, the effects of thermal energy of in-flight particle and crystallization degree by powder preheating temperature were evaluated. The deformation behavior of bulk metallic glass is very interesting and it is largely dependent on the temperature and the strain rate. The crystalline phase formation at impact interface was dependent on the in-flight particle temperature. In addition, variations in the impact behavior need to be considered at high strain rate and in-flight particle temperature.
Mercury Release fromDental Amalgams: Aninvitro StudyUnderControlled Chewing andBrushing inanArtificial Mouth (1995)

Therelease ofmercuryvaporfromclass I amalgamrestorations prepared inhumanmolarteeth was studied during chewing simulations inanartificial mouth ofabi-axial servo-hydraulic mechanical test system. Sothat thetotal mercury released fromtherestoration overafixed timecould bedetermined, aclosed chamber surrounded the envelope ofchewing motion. Inaddition, theinfluence of sampling frequency onmercury release wascorrected by theuseofdifferent sampling frequencies overafixed time interval ofmercury release measurement andextrapolation tozerosampling time. Thus, acombination ofaclosed environment andanextrapolation method todetermine the mercuryrelease undercontinuous sampling wasusedto determine themercuryreleased undernormal breathing conditions. Themeasured mercury release ratedatawere usedtocalculate thepotential daily mercurydoseina patient duetoasingle amalgam restoration, following the methodpreviously outlined byBerglund. Themercury release frombothaconventional andahigh-copper amalgam wasevaluated atdifferent ageintervals after the restoration wasplaced intheteeth. Theresults showthat whiletheageoftheamalgamandtheamalgamtype influence theextent ofmercury release during theinitial non-steady-state conditions, thesteady-state valueof mercury daily doseduetoasingle amalgam filling is0.03 pg/day, whichiswellbelowthecalculated threshold- limiting value (TLV) of82.29 pg/day considered dangerous foroccupational exposure intheUnited States.
A Comparison of Natural Control of Toxoptera Graminum in South Africa and the United States. (1914)

During the past year, the author, while engaged as Lecturer in Entomology at the Potchefstroon School of Agriculture, spent considerable time in studying Toxoptera graminum in South Africa and its control there by natural enemies. As the results obtained have been somewhat different from those obtained in the United States, it is thought that a comparison of the conditions and the results would be of interest to Entomologists.
Using wearable sensors for semiology-independent seizure detection - towards ambulatory monitoring of epilepsy (2015)

Epilepsy is a disease of the central nervous system. Nearly 70% of people with epilepsy respond to a proper treatment, but for a successful therapy of epilepsy, physicians need to know if and when seizures occur. The gold standard diagnosis tool video-electroencephalography (vEEG) requires patients to stay at hospital for several days. A wearable sensor system, e.g. a wristband, serving as diagnostic tool or event monitor, would allow unobtrusive ambulatory long-term monitoring while reducing costs. Previous studies showed that seizures with motor symptoms such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures can be detected by measuring the electrodermal activity (EDA) and motion measuring acceleration (ACC). In this study, EDA and ACC from 8 patients were analyzed. In extension to previous studies, different types of seizures, including seizures without motor activity, were taken into account. A hierarchical classification approach was implemented in order to detect different types of epileptic seizures using data from wearable sensors. Using a k-nearest neighbor (kNN) classifier an overall sensitivity of 89.1% and an overall specificity of 93.1% were achieved, for seizures without motor activity the sensitivity was 97.1% and the specificity was 92.9%. The presented method is a first step towards a reliable ambulatory monitoring system for epileptic seizures with and without motor activity.
Mechanisms of hydrophobization of polymeric composites etched in CF <sub>4</sub> plasma (2016)

Achieving optimal hydrophobicity of polymer materials especially polymer–matrix composites is important for many material applications. Herein the interplay of factors determining hydrophobic surface is presented during CF 4 plasma treatments which lead to functionalization as well as selective polymer–matrix etching. The continuous exposure to plasma reactive species induces functionalization and etching on the surface, which decides the surface morphology and surface chemistry. Consequently, exothermic processes during the plasma–surface interactions are another important factor which influences the surface chemistry and etching rate of the material. The results demonstrate that despite etching and increasing surface roughness, the major contribution to hydrophobic character is dependent on the number of carbon atoms populated with fluorine, whereas the temperature is a deciding factor for type of created bonds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synergistic action of activin A and hexamethylene bisacetamide in differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells. (1990)

Activin A, a peptide homologous to transforming growth factor beta, induced erythroid differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells in a dose-dependent manner, as judged by the proportion of benzidine-positive cells. The extent of differentiation induced by activin A depended on the cell density in the initial inoculum; the percentage of benzidine-positive cells markedly decreased at an increasing cell density. In contrast, the hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA)-induced differentiation was affected only to a little extent by the cell density. Furthermore, the effects of activin A and HMBA were different in sensitivity to the inhibition by dexamethasone; the HMBA-induced differentiation was reduced by about 90% in the presence of dexamethasone, whereas the activin A-induced differentiation was reduced by 40 to 50%. Activin A and HMBA induced the differentiation in a synergistic manner. Especially when the maximal response to activin A was suppressed at high cell density, the simultaneous presence of a suboptimal concentration of HMBA markedly recovered this suppression. This synergism seemed to be generated at the commitment process. Taken together, these results indicate that activin A and HMBA exert their actions, at least in part, through different pathways, and that these pathways interact with each other, resulting in synergistic induction of murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Successful treatment of Cryptosporidium infection with nitazoxanide and/or azithromycin in three symptomatic pediatric oncology patients (2010)

In immunocompromised patients, Cryptosporidium disease can present as a severe, prolonged and potentially life-threatening diarrhea. We present three case reports of children with cancer and a cryptosporidiosis infection who were treated successfully with nitazoxanide either alone or in combination with azithromycin. These case reports show that the clinician should be alert in diagnosing Cryptosporidium infection in oncology children with severe or prolonged diarrhea, a possible life threatening condition, and the combined treatment of nitazoxanide and azithromycin can be a possible strategy to resolve the infection and eradicate Cryptosporidium. Additional studies should be performed to confirm this observation.
Aromatic plants of tropical Central Africa. XLVIII. Comparative study of the essential oils of four <i>Hyptis</i> species from Cameroon: <i>H. lanceolata</i> Poit., <i>H. pectinata</i> (L.) Poit., <i>H. spicigera</i> Lam. and <i>H. suaveolens</i> Poit. (2005)

Abstract The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of fresh leaves from Hyptis lanceolata , H. pectinata , H. spicigera and H. suaveolens growing in Cameroon were analysed by GC and GC–MS. The oil of H. suaveolens was rich in sabinene (20.6%), β ‐caryophyllene (17.5%) and bergamotol (10.9%), while the oil of H. pectinata contained germacrene D (28.0%) and β ‐caryophyllene (22.1%) as the major constituents. H. spicigera oil contained α ‐pinene (28.3%), β ‐caryophyllene (19.1%), limonene (13.4%) and ß‐pinene (10.3%) as the main components. The most abundant constituents identified in the oil of H. lanceolata were β ‐pinene (40.7%) and germacrene D (19.9%). These chemical profiles were compared with literature results; relative similarities were found in chemical compositions of each species, but some quantitative and qualitative variations were noted. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Small-molecule phosphazene rings as models for high polymeric chains (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSmall-molecule phosphazene rings as models for high polymeric chainsHarry R. AllcockCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1979, 12, 10, 351–358Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50142a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50142a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views451Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets. (2000)

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) conjugate activated xenobiotics with glutathione; thus, GST induction may improve detoxification and excretion of potentially harmful compounds. Using a randomized cross-over design, we tested the hypothesis that, in humans, serum GST-alpha concentration (GST-alpha) and GST activity increase with vegetable consumption and that this effect is GSTM1 genotype dependent. Twenty-one men (10 GSTM1-null and 11 GSTM1+) and 22 women (15 GSTM1-null and 7 GSTM1+), nonsmokers, 20-40 years of age and not on medications, ate four 6-day controlled diets: basal (vegetable-free), and basal supplemented with three botanically defined groups of vegetables (i.e., brassica, allium, and apiaceous). Fasting blood samples, collected on the last 2 days of each feeding period, were analyzed for GST-alpha, serum GST activity [against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl)] and peripheral-lymphocyte GST-mu activity (against trans-stilbene oxide). The brassica, but not allium or apiaceous, vegetable diets (relative to the basal diet) increased GST-alpha by 26% (P = 0.005) and GST (NBD-Cl) activity by 7% (P = 0.02) in the GSTM1-null individuals, particularly the women. Apiaceous vegetable supplementation decreased GST-alpha in the GSTM1+ men (P = 0.03). Among the GSTM1+ women, both brassica and the allium diets increased GST-mu activity by 18% (P = 0.02) and 26% (P = 0.001), respectively. The vegetable diets had no effect on GST (CDNB) activity, irrespective of GSTM1 genotype or sex. These results demonstrate that GSTM1 genotype has a significant effect on GST responses to diet and that brassica vegetables are most effective at inducing GST-alpha, whereas both brassica and allium vegetables induce GST-mu. GST responses were more pronounced in women than men, but it is not clear from this study whether this is a dose-per-body-weight or a sex-specific effect.
Inexpensive high-temperature solar collector (1977)

Similar to flat-plate collector, concentrator uses water lenses to achieve temperatures near 200 degrees Centigrade. Lens assembly consists of parallel cylindrical lenses made of glass or plastic shells, reducing manufacturing costs and improving portability.
1-Hydroxymethyl-2,2-diphenylethyl 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl ketone (2004)

The title compound, C25H26O2, was isolated and characterized as a stable intermediate in the conversion of 2,2-di­phenyl­ethyl 2,4,6-tri­methyl­phenyl ketone to its form­aldehyde-derived enone.
Synchronization between Image, Sound and Scenario Document using DP Matching. (1994)

In the management of TV drama, there will be several kinds of requests such as &apos;Show the image and sound which are correspond to this scene in the scenario document &apos; or &apos;I want to see the scenes where someone is speaking&apos;. In order to answer to such kinds of requests, the synchronization between images, sound and scenario document have to be carried out. In this paper, a synchronization method between multiple media using DP matching is proposed. In order to cany out inter-media synchronization, in the proposed method, several numbers of patterns of common concepts, which are not depend on the kinds of the media, are eztracted from each media and the synchronization between these patterns is cam&apos;ed out using DP matching. The results of simulation ezperiments reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method. 1
Anti-BCL2 Phosphorothioate G3139 Clinical Pharmacology: Plasma Levels During Contwous Subcutaneous Infusion by HPLC Assay (1997)

Abstract An HPLC assay has been developed to determine plasma levels of G3139 - a 18mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide currently in Phase I clinical studies. The assay utilizes anion exchange microchromatography, aqueous LiBr gradient elution, and UV absorbance detection. Minimum sensitivity of approximately 0.2 μg/ml plasma, or 35 nM of G3139, has been achieved. Analysis of preliminary clinical samples indicates subcutaneous infusion of G3139 at 2 mg/kg/day gives rise to steady state plasma levels of 1–2 μg/ml.