gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iterative Channel Estimation in LTE Uplink (2014)

An algorithm for iterative channel estimation using soft feedback for LTE uplink is proposed. The algorithm has low complexity compared to MMSE estimation and does not require knowledge of the channel statistics. A simple polynomial model is used for noise suppression across OFDM symbols and a DCT-based filter is used for noise suppression across subcarriers. The algorithm has been tested on several channel models and has been shown to provide a gain of about 0:5 dB with two estimation stages, compared to the no-feedback case. Further, the algorithm has been applied to a MIMO case. A comparison has been made between the proposed algorithm and turbo equalization.
Liposomes containing dexamethasone: preparation, characteristics and application in ophthalmology (2011)

Glucocorticoid dexamethasone (DM) liposomes of various lipid compositions were obtained. DM was used in insoluble form and in water-soluble form as disodium salt of dexamethasone phosphate (DMP). Correspondence between the drug inclusion percent and the structure of liposomes, and its solubility in water was studied. Lipids were shown to allow DM solubilization at concentration exceeding its solubility in water 9.3 times. Using repeated gel-chromatography, release of medicinal substances from liposomes was determined for all the samples of liposomes containing both DМP and DM. It was thus shown that up to 87% of the included substance remained in the liposomes. Biocompatibility of «empty» liposomes and liposomes containing a glucocorticoid with rabbit eyeball tissues was studied after their endovitreal incorporation. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine liposomes were demonstrated not to cause inflammatory reaction after introduction in this way. Distribution of the liposomes in tissues of the rabbit eye posterior chamber was determined. It was shown that the liposomes after endovitreal introduction were distributed in various layers of retina.
Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate and Remained Leaf Number on Root Activity and Content of N,P and K of Flue-cured Tobacco (2012)

In order to study the influence of nitrogen applied rate and remained leaf numbers on tobacco root activity and N,P,K content in tobacco plant organs,we used tobacco variety HY-9-7 as experiment material.The results showed that the root activity increased with nitrogen applied rate increased at the early growth stage of tobacco.At the late growth stage,root activity increased with the nitrogen applied rate increased under the same remained leaf numbers,and it showed increase-decrease trend with the remained leaf numbers increased under the same nitrogen applied rate.With the nitrogen applied rate increase,nitrogen content in different organs was increased,while P content in leaves and stems,and K content in leaves and roots showed increase-decrease trend.Under the same nitrogen applied rate,with the increased of remained leaf numbers,nitrogen content in different organs decreased,K content in leaves and roots increased,while P content in leaves and roots showed increase-decrease trend.
Incorporating Software Agents into Supply Chains: Experimental Investigation with a Procurement Task1 (2006)

Recently, researchers have begun investigating an emerging, technology-enabled innovation that involves the use of intelligent software agents in enterprise supply chains. Software agents combine and integrate capabilities of several information technology classes in a novel manner that enables supply chain management and decision making in modes not supported previously by IT and not reported previously in the information systems literature. Indeed, federations and swarms of software agents today are moving the boundaries of computer-aided decision making more generally. Such moving boundaries highlight promising new opportunities for competitive advantage in business, in addition to novel theoretical insights. But they also call for shifting research thrusts in information systems. The stream of research associated with this article is taking some first steps to address such issues by examining experimentally the capabilities, limitations, and boundaries of agent technology for computer-based decision support and automation in the procurement domain. Procurement represents an area of particular potential for agent-based process innovation, as well as reflecting some of the greatest technological advances in terms of agents emerging from the laboratory. Procurement is imbued with considerable ambiguity in its task environment, ambiguity that presents a fundamental limitation to IT-based automation of decision making and knowledge work. By investigating the comparative performance of human and software agents across varying levels of ambiguity in the procurement domain, the experimentation described in this article helps to elucidate some new boundaries of computer-based decision making quite broadly. We seek in particular to learn from this domain and to help inform computer-based decision making, agent technological design, and IS research more generally.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2017)

Während der Zeit des Kaiserreichs verwandelte Deutschland sich in atemberaubendem Tempo. 1871 noch ein ländlich geprägtes Entwicklungsland, war es 1918 eine der modernsten Industrienationen der Welt geworden. Die wirtschaftliche Dynamik veränderte auch Gesellschaft und Politik nachhaltig. Anschaulich zeichnet Christoph Nonn nach, wie Adels- und Fürstenherrschaft in die Defensive gedrängt wurden. Das verhängnisvollste Erbe des Kaiserreichs für die weitere deutsche Geschichte bildeten schließlich weder obrigkeitsstaatliche Traditionen noch radikaler Nationalismus, Militarismus oder Antisemitismus, sondern eine Mentalität der Verantwortungslosigkeit.
<title>Overview of extreme ultraviolet lithography</title> (1994)

Extreme UV lithography offers the possibility of printing CDs of 100 nm and smaller with a reduction tool. Because of the wavelength used, the optics have to be all-reflecting. The tool depends on multilayer coatings for the mirrors. A laser-produced plasma is being developed as a granular source. The mask also has to be reflecting. Top surface imaging resist will be used. The work here described is being performed in a National Program set up by the U.S. Department of Energy.
Modeling, Analysis, and Suppression of the Impact of Full-Scale Wind-Power Converters on Subsynchronous Damping (2013)

This paper presents modeling, analysis, and suppression of the impact of a voltage-source converter (VSC)-based full-scale wind turbine (FSWT) on subsynchronous damping in power systems. First, a detailed output impedance model of the grid-interfacing VSC is presented and analyzed under different converter operating modes, control functions, and variations in operating point. Second, the output impedance model is used to analyze the impact of the grid-interfacing VSC on the electrical damping characteristics in the subsynchronous frequency range and interactions with an electrically nearby synchronous generator. The IEEE first benchmark for subsynchronous resonance studies is used for theoretical analysis and simulation results. It is found that the grid-interfacing VSC of the FSWT can have a negative impact on overall electrical damping and there is a risk of subsynchronous torsional oscillation especially at lower frequency modes. Third, to mitigate such interactions, an active damping controller is developed to reshape the output impedance of the interfacing VSC and yield positive electrical damping at torsional modes. Time-domain simulation results are presented to validate the theoretical analysis and show the effectiveness of the proposed active damping controller.
Modelling mixotrophic growth of microalgae: Haematococcus lacustris (2002)

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief, Professor Hugh Hemmings, based on the recommendations of Justus-Liebig-University Giessen following an internal review of research conducted by Joachim Boldt at the University. This is further described in 'Further Retractions of Articles by Joachim Boldt', https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.02.024.
Changes in surface properties of normal and transformed cells caused by tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation. (1977)

Normal and virally transformed mouse (3T3) and human (WI-38) cells were treated with tunicamycin, an inhibitor of lipid-carrier-dependent glycosylation of proteins. Incubation of cells with tunicamycin (1 microgram/ml) caused detachment and death of simian virus 40- and polyoma-transformed cells within 24 hr; these effects were not seen with nontransformed cell lines. However, the proliferation of 3T3 cells was inhibited by tunicamycin and, after a few days, a distinct change from an epithelioid to an abnormally elongated shape was observed. Both inhibition of growth and the morphological changes were reversible. A marked decrease in concanavalin A agglutinability was observed in virally transformed cells treated with tunicamycin (0.5 microgram/ml), but agglutination by wheat germ agglutinin or soybean agglutinin was unaffected. Analysis of biosynthetically labeled proteins showed that a high-molecular-weight protein, presumed to be related to fibronectin, is markedly reduced in the medium of cells cultured in the presence of tunicamycin. These results suggest that tunicamycin interferes with the insertion or function of one or more cell-surface glycoproteins. Such cell-surface changes could affect a number of cellular properties, including attachment, cell shape, and agglutinability by some lectins.
A device to assess the upper limb isometric muscle strength (2009)

In this work we project and build an equipment for upper limb muscle strength assessment and we did some assays to measure it from volunteers.
Design and Fabrication of Differential Scanning Nanocalorimeter for Biological Applications (2011)

This paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a differential scanning nanocalorimeter that has potential to significantly reduce the sample volume to microliter and improve the temperature sensitivity to 10 μK. The nanocalorimeter consists of a polymeric freestanding membrane, four high-sensitive low-noise thermistors based on the silicon carbide (SiC), and a platinum heater and temperature sensor. With the integrated heater and sensors, temperature scanning and power compensation can be achieved for calorimetric measurement. Temperature sensing SiC film was prepared by using sintered SiC target and DC magnetron sputtering under different gas pressure and sputtering power. The SiC sensing material is characterized through the measurement of current-voltage curves and noise levels. Thermal performance of a fabricated nanocalorimeter is studied in simulation and experiment. The results indicate the device has a nano watt thermal power sensitivity, 10 μK temperature sensitivity, and long time constant to hold thermal energy, which leads to low-volume ultra sensitive nanocalorimetry for biological process, such as protein folding and ligand binding.
<scp>N</scp> orway, Protest and Revolution (2009)

Like much of Scandinavia, Norway's transformation into a modern nation‐state witnessed relatively few of the violent revolutionary upheavals that rocked Western Europe. In explaining this phenomenon, some Norwegian scholars have pointed to the absence of catalysts for revolutions and polarizing forces such as strong class divisions and ethnic tensions. Others have cited the agrarian nature of Norwegian society or the country's long‐standing liberal traditions. Yet there remain a number of unique aspects of the history of Norwegian protest that draw the interest of scholars, such as the impact of the pre‐industrial Thrane movement on the development of European socialism and labor protest. Others include the integral role of the Norwegian independence movement not only to the emergence of Norwegian nationalism, but also to the development of liberal democracy, the labor movement, and the push for women's rights. Finally, the history of Norwegian resistance to the Nazis during World War II stands out as an important example of coordinated non‐violent resistance and symbolic protest.
RFID Field Guide: Deploying Radio Frequency Identification Systems (2005)

The cardiac output at rest, and the intra-arterial blood pressure and hand blood flow at maximal vasodilation were determined in two groups of men aged 18-22 years. 44 patients were referred from a military enlistment centre because of mild blood pressure elevation, and 29 normotensive volunteers were mainly recruited from the same enlistment centre. In addition, in a majority of subjects in both groups the auscultatory blood pressure of both parents was determined. The patients were characterized by a significantly higher cardiac index at rest, and a significantly higher vascular resistance in the hand blood vessels at maximal vasodilation than the controls, indicating the presence of structural alterations in the resistance vessels of these subjects with only very mild blood pressure elevation. The tendency to increased vascular resistance in the hand blood vessels at maximal vasodilation was more prominent in patients with a normal cardiac index than in those with a high index. This suggests inclusion in the patient group of tense, anxious individuals with an elevated cardiac index but otherwise normal circulation, but does not exclude the possibility that these patients may develop structural vascular changes later on. The parents' blood pressure was higher in the group of patients, both for patients with a normal and those with a high cardiac index, compared to the parents of the controls.
Low-temperature growth and characterization of GaAs epitaxial layer on (111)B GaAs substrates (1994)

Unique properties of homoepitaxial (111) GaAs layers grown at low temperatures have not been realized mainly due to very narrow temperature range for the layer-by-layer growth. In this study, molecular-beam epitaxy growth of GaAs (111) layers on a tilted (111)B substrate at 350 °C is reported. Reflective high-energy electron diffraction observation during the low-temperature growth shows an initial surface structure of (2 × 2) which changes to (1 × 1) at the beginning of the growth. Diffraction spots appear at the growth layer thickness of 75 nm. These extra spots are attributed to twins and stacking faults confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. GaAs (111) layers grown at 350 °C have a high density of twins and a specular surface. High-temperature growth of (111) GaAs on a low-temperature buffer layer leads to a tenfold increase in the surface roughness.
Comparison between the effects of inhaled isoprenaline and fenoterol on plasma cyclic AMP and heart rate in normal subjects. (1984)

The time course of changes in plasma cyclic AMP, heart rate and bronchial tone after inhalation of fenoterol or isoprenaline from a dose-metered aerosol are reported in a group of normal subjects. After isoprenaline, plasma cyclic AMP increased rapidly reaching a peak by 10 min and returned to basal levels within 60 min. A rapid, transient rise in heart rate occurred that was maximal by 5 min and returned to a basal level by 45 min. After fenoterol, the changes in cyclic AMP and heart rate were of much longer duration. The rise in plasma cyclic AMP was slower in onset and of greater magnitude than for isoprenaline, reaching a peak by 20 min and remaining above basal level for more than 6 h. The maximum increase in heart rate after fenoterol was less than that observed with isoprenaline but an elevated rate persisted for 4 h after inhalation of fenoterol. Fenoterol is known to have a longer duration of action as a bronchodilator in comparison with isoprenaline. The prolonged rise in plasma cyclic AMP in normal subjects given inhaled fenoterol may reflect this long duration of action. The concomitant rise in heart rate, however, suggests that the duration of plasma cyclic AMP response may in part be due to the systemic effect of the fraction of inhaled fenoterol known to be absorbed via the buccal and intestinal routes.
Nearest-Subspace Patch Matching for face recognition under varying pose and illumination (2008)

We consider the problem of recognizing human faces despite variations in both pose and illumination, using only frontal training images. We propose a very simple algorithm, called nearest-subspace patch matching, which combines a local translational model for deformation due to pose with a linear subspace model for lighting variations. This algorithm gives surprisingly competitive performance for moderate variations in both pose and illumination, a domain that encompasses most face recognition applications, such as access control. The results also provide a baseline for justifying the use of more complicated face models or more advanced learning methods to handle more extreme situations. Extensive experiments on publicly available databases verify the efficacy of the proposed method and clarify its operating range.
Festschrift für Martin Heckel zum siebzigsten Geburtstag (2025)

Die zahlreichen Beiträge zum Kirchen- und Staatskirchenrecht, zur Rechtsphilosophie und Rechtsgeschichte, zum Öffentlichen Recht und zur Kulturgeschichte spiegeln die enorme Spannbreite des wissenschaftlichen Wirkens Martin Heckels wider.
SiGe/Si resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors for 1.3 μm operation fabricated using wafer bonding techniques (2002)

A SiGe/Si multiple-quantum-well resonant-cavity-enhanced (RCE) photodetector for 1.3 μm operation was fabricated using bonding reflector process. A full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 6 nm and a quantum efficiency of 4.2% at 1314 nm were obtained. Compared to our previously reported SiGe RCE photodetectors fabricated on separation-by-implanted-oxygen wafer, the mirrors in the device can be more easily fabricated and the device can be further optimized. The FWHM is expected to be less than 1 nm and the detector is fit for density wavelength division multiplexing applications.
Multiple-beam, electronically steered line-source arrays for sound-reinforcement applications (1990)

In place of a central cluster with a large vertical dimension, we propose using an ensemble of horizontally mounted, electronically (phase-delay) steered line-source arrays. Each line source has a Q commensurate with the distance it must throw and the area it must cover
Cells Behave Distinctly Within Sponges and Hydrogels Due to Differences of Internal Structure (2013)

Different forms of biomaterials, including microspheres, sponges, hydrogels, and nanofibers, have been broadly used in cartilage regeneration; however, effects of internal structures of the biomaterials on cells and chondrogenesis remain largely unexplored. We hypothesized that different internal structures of sponges and hydrogels led to phenotypic disparity of the cells and may lead to disparate chondrogenesis. In the current study, the chondrocytes in sponges and hydrogels of chitosan were compared with regard to cell distribution, morphology, gene expression, and production of extracellular matrix. The chondrocytes clustered or attached to the materials with spindle morphologies in the sponges, while they distributed evenly with spherical morphologies in the hydrogels. The chondrocytes proliferated faster with elevated gene expression of collagen type I and down-regulated gene expression of aggracan in sponges, when compared with those in the hydrogels. However, there was no significant difference of the expression of collagen type II between these two scaffolds. Excretion of both glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and collagen type II increased with time in vitro, but there was no significant difference between the sponges and the hydrogels. There was no significant difference in secretion of GAG and collagen type II in the two scaffolds, while the levels of collagen type I and collagen type X were much higher in sponges compared with those in hydrogels during an in vivo study. Though the chondrocytes displayed different phenotypes in the sponges and hydrogels, they led to comparable chondrogenesis. An optimized design of the biomaterials could further improve chondrogenesis through enhancing functionalities of the chondrocytes.
Optimizing Tunable WCET with Shared Resource Allocation and Arbitration in Hard Real-Time Multicore Systems (2011)

The unpredictable worst-case timing behavior of multicore architectures has been the biggest stumbling block for a widespread use of multicores in hard real-time systems. A great deal of research effort has been devoted to address the issue. Among others, the development of a new multicore architecture has emerged as an attractive solution because it can eliminate the unpredictable interference sources in the first place. This opens a new possibility of system-level optimizations with multicore based hard real-time systems. To address this issue, we propose a new perspective of WCET model called tunable WCET, in which the WCETs of tasks are elastically adjusted according to the optimal shared resource allocation and arbitration methods. For this, we propose novel WCET-aware harmonic round-robin bus scheduling and two-level cache partitioning method. We present a mixed integer linear programming formulation as the solution to the optimization of tunable WCETs. Our experimental results show that the proposed methods can significantly lower overall system utilizations.
Selection of carbon catalysts for the industrial manufacture of phosgene (2012)

An approach to the evaluation of carbon catalysts suitable for the industrial manufacture of phosgene is described. Relative reactivity and the oxidative stability of catalysts have been measured in laboratory microreactors. Comparison of the performance of full size catalyst pellets versus that of crushed catalyst allowed catalyst effectiveness factors and therefore effective gas diffusivities to be estimated. These data have been combined with a 2-dimensional model incorporating a description of heat and mass transfer to predict catalyst performance in industrial scale phosgene reactors.
A review of recent advances in semiconductor superlattices (1983)

Very recent advances in semiconductor superlattices are reviewed. The emphasis is on electronic properties associated with energy quantization.
Effect of long-term oral administration of beta-glucan as an immunostimulant or an adjuvant on some non-specific parameters of the immune response of turbot Scophthalmus maximus (1996)

A commercial P-glucan known for its ~mmunostimulatory effects in several fish species was tested in turbot ScophthalniusmaximusL.. both as an oral immunostimulant and as an adjuvant for oral vaccination. Some non-specific immune parameters were tested after a 5 wk feeding period with a commercial diet mixed with yeast P-glucan. Furthermore, during the last 5 d of the feeding period, half of the fish were orally vaccinated by mixing the commercial pellets with an anti-vibriosis vaccine (Vibriffa bain ND). The oral administration of P-glucan induced no reduction in mortality after a challenge with a virulent Vibrio anguillarum (strain 408). In contrast, a single oral vaccination resulted in protection against V anguillarum. The use of P-glucan as an adjuvant did not reduce the mortality rate more than did the single vaccination. An increase in white blood cell count was observed after the administration of only P-glucan. The plasma complement activity was not influenced by any of the treatments. In contrast, lysozyme activity was enhanced after administration of the adjuvanted vaccine. An increase in the chemiluminescent response of opsonised zymosan-stimulated head-kidney leucocytes was less obvious and no significant results were recorded.