gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>Strain Expressing a Model Cytochrome P450 in the Rat Digestive Environment: Viability and Bioconversion Activity (2007)

An innovative "biodrug" concept, based on the oral administration of living recombinant microorganisms, has recently emerged for the prevention or treatment of various diseases. An engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain expressing plant P450 73A1 (cinnamate-4-hydroxylase [CA4H] activity) was used, and its survival and ability to convert trans-cinnamic acid (CIN) into p-coumaric acid (COU) were investigated in vivo. In rats, the recombinant yeast was resistant to gastric and small intestinal secretions but was more sensitive to the conditions found in the large intestine. After oral administration of yeast and CIN, the CA4H activity was shown in vivo, with COU being found throughout the rat's digestive tract and in its urine. The bioconversion reaction occurred very fast, with most of the COU being produced within the first 5 min. The gastrointestinal sac technique demonstrated that the recombinant yeast was able to convert CIN into COU (conversion rate ranging from 2 to 5%) in all the organs of the rat's digestive tract: stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon. These results promise new opportunities for the development of drug delivery systems based on engineered yeasts catalyzing a bioconversion reaction directly in the digestive tract.
Juvenile Hormone Regulates Butterfly Larval Pattern Switches (2008)

Insect color patterns can be very diverse. This variation is also seen among many larval instar stages, which can take on vastly different phenotypes. Young caterpillars of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, are mimics of bird droppings, whereas the fifth larval instar is camouflaged among the leaves of host plants (cryptic pattern). We find that juvenile hormone (JH) titers decrease during the fourth larval instar. Furthermore, treatment with JH analog at the beginning of the fourth instar stage resulted in reproducing the mimetic pattern instead of the usual cryptic one and likewise altered gene expression patterns to that associated with the mimetic pattern. These findings suggest that JH regulates the progressive larval pattern switch of this insect.
Sketch-Up in the Virtual World (2008)

This paper proposes a bidirectional modeling approach. It aims to assist online collaboration on 2D to 3D modeling. Two "worlds" of modeling are proposed in our pipeline. A free-form 3D model can be generated in the "creation world" (CW). Then models are transferred to another "world", the "viewing world" (VW), and integrated with existing virtual scene. Models in the "viewing world" can also be transferred back to the "creation world" for further refinement. All operations performed in the "creation world" are based on our sketch-up technique, which is a new method to accomplish 2D to 3D reconstruction. In this method, 3D models are created through a traditional and intuitive way, "painting", with a mouse/stylus. The approach proposed in this paper can be applied to help online e-edutainment and e-learning applications. It is expected to help multi-user modeling and geometric learning online. With our method, collaborative modeling on the Web can be carried out in an easy and intuitive manner.
Spiral antenna above a composite HIS reflector (2010)

A spiral antenna radiates a circularly polarized (CP) wave in the two directions normal to the spiral plane (bidirectional radiation) [1]. For more effective utilization of the input power, this bidirectional radiation is transformed into unidirectional radiation using a conducting plane reflector [2]. Usually, the antenna height above the conducting plane is set to be one-quarter wavelength of the design frequency, to obtain an in-phase condition between the wave directly radiated into free space from the spiral and the wave reflected from the conducting plane. When installation space limitations require that the antenna height be less than one-quarter wavelength, an absorbing strip is often placed under the outermost spiral arms [3][4] to allow the height to be reduced. This placement of the absorbing strip contributes to mitigating the deterioration in the antenna characteristics observed when a small antenna height is used. By virtue of the presence of the absorbing strip, the spiral exhibits wideband characteristics with respect to the input impedance, axial ratio, and gain [1]. However, the use of the absorbing strip reduces the radiation efficiency; as the frequency decreases, the radiation efficiency becomes smaller [5]. This decrease in the radiation efficiency is a concern for those who design low-profile spiral antennas. This paper presents a new solution to this concern, where a reflector having a high impedance surface (HIS) is adopted. The radiation characteristics of a spiral with a uniform HIS reflector (where same-sized patches are used) are discussed. Subsequently, the radiation characteristics of a spiral with a composite HIS reflector (where two sizes of patches are used) are revealed. This composite HIS reflector clearly differs from the HIS reflectors in [6][7].
The effects of the observed spectrum of microwave background radiation on formaldehyde excitation (1979)

The recently improved determination of the spectral shape of the 'big-bang' radiation has made it possible to assess some of its effects on cooling of the 6 cm and 2 cm transitions of interstellar formaldehyde. One new result is that a minimum H2 density is not required to cause anomalous absorption at 6 cm.
Can Less be More? (2017)

Today's abundance1 of cheap digital storage in the form of tiny memory cards put literally no bounds on the number of images one can capture with one's digital camera or smartphone during an event. However, prior work has shown that taking many pictures may actually make us remember less of a particular event. Does automated picture taking (lifelogging) help avoid this, yet still offer to capture meaningful pictures? In this work, we investigate the effect of capture modality (i.e., limited, unlimited, automatic, and no capture) on people's ability to recall a past event – with and without the support of the pictures captured through these modalities. Our results from a field experiment with 83 participants show that capturing fewer pictures does not necessarily lead to the capture of more relevant pictures. However, when controlling for number of pictures taken, our results show that having a limited number of pictures to capture may lead to pictures with increased memory value. At the same time, automated capture failed to produce pictures that would help remember the past experience better.
International Energy Futures. (1982)

Journal Article International Energy Futures Get access International Energy Futures. By NAZLI CHOUCRI. (London: MIT Press, 1981. Pp. x+247.) An l£conomic Analysis of World Energy Problems. By Richard L. GORDON. (London: MIT Press, 1981. Pp. xvii + 282.) Norman A. White Norman A. White Manchester Business School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 92, Issue 367, 1 September 1982, Pages 746–749, https://doi.org/10.2307/2232581 Published: 01 September 1982
<title>New approach to Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport in the frequency domain</title> (1995)

The time-dependent equation of the radiative transport is reduced to the stationary one for the case of a radiation source being modulated by a harmonic frequency. A Monte Carlo scheme is suggested to solve the resulting equation. The technique avoids tracking the time-histories of each individual photon and allows us to take the finite single-scattering transient time into account. The algorithm directly estimates the quantities being relevant to frequency-domain measurements. A single set of photon trajectories can be used to compute the modulation and the phase of the scattered radiation at different modulation frequencies. The results of the Monte Carlo simulations are compared to predictions of the rigorous radiative transport theory and the diffusion approximation. It is found that the Monte Carlo technique provides a good agreement with the transport theory whereas the accuracy of the diffusion approximation decreases with growth of the modulation frequency. In addition, the technique is used to study the effect of the finite single-scattering transient time on the resulting modulation and phase distribution of the diffusely reflected radiation. It is shown that even a transient time as short at 0.1 ps can significantly affect the reflected signal from a medium presenting optical properties similar to those of biological tissues in the near-infrared spectral range.
Photon tunneling into a single-mode planar silicon waveguide (2015)

We demonstrate the direct excitation of a single TE mode in 25 nm thick planar crystalline silicon waveguide by photon tunneling from a layer of fluorescent dye molecules deposited by the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The observed photon tunneling rate as a function of the dye-silicon separation is well fitted by a theoretical tunneling rate, which is obtained via a novel approach within the framework of quantum mechanics. We suggest that future ultrathin crystalline silicon solar cells can be made efficient by simple light trapping structures consisting of molecules on silicon.
Non-infected preterm parturition is related to increased concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in human cervix (2005)

Our findings indicate that non-infected preterm cervical ripening is an inflammatory process, just as cervical ripening at term, with cytokines as important mediators.
Chemical Studies with 11-Oxygenated Steroids. V. 3α,20β-Dihydroxypregnan-11-one 11-Ethylene Ketal<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Studies with 11-Oxygenated Steroids. V. 3α,20β-Dihydroxypregnan-11-one 11-Ethylene Ketal1Barney J. Magerlein and Robert H. LevinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 7, 1904Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01612a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01612a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Neurochemical Basis of Dementia in Parkinson’s Disease (1984)

ABSTRACT According to their mental status, patients with Parkinson’s disease can be subdivided into three groups: (1) mentally normal patients; (2) patients with severe cognitive impairment and Alzheimer-type brain pathology (neuritic plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, granulovacuolar changes); and (3) demented patients without any evidence of Alzheimer changes. Neurochemically, irrespective of the presence or absence of Alzheimer-type brain pathology, demented Parkinson patients seem to have the same disturbance of cortical cholinergic neuron function as patients with Alzheimer-type dementia (Alzheimer’s disease), namely, reduced levels of cortical acetylcholine esterase and choline acetyltransferase activity. At present, the question whether the “cortical cholinergic deficiency” is the only (or sufficient) neurochemical basis for the cognitive impairment in Parkinson patients with dementia cannot be answered with certainty; the additional role of other neurotransmitter changes known to occur in the Parkinson brain, especially loss of cortical, hippocampal and subcortical noradrenaline and/or dopamine cannot be ruled out.
Peptidomics of Urine and Other Biofluids for Cancer Diagnostics (2013)

Peptidomics-based studies of urine and other body fluids have yielded a number of biomolecules and peptide panels with potential for diagnosing different types of cancer, especially of the ovary, prostate, and bladder. Large-scale studies are needed to validate these molecules as cancer biomarkers.
Hypocapnia and the injured brain: More harm than benefit (2010)

Hypocapnia can cause harm and should be strictly limited to the emergent management of life-threatening intracranial hypertension pending definitive measures or to facilitate intraoperative neurosurgery. When it is used, Paco2 should be normalized as soon as is feasible. Outside these settings hypocapnia is likely to produce more harm than benefit.
A parameteric study of supersonic laminar flow for swept wings using linear stability analysis (1995)

A parametric study to predict the extent of laminar flow on the upper surface of a generic swept-back wing (NACA 64A010 airfoil section) at supersonic speeds was conducted. The results were obtained by using surface pressure predictions from an Euler/Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics code coupled with a boundary layer code, which predicts detailed boundary layer profiles, and finally with a linear stability code to determine the extent of laminar flow. The parameters addressed are Reynolds number, angle of attack, and leading-edge wing sweep. The results of this study show that an increase in angle of attack, for specific Reynolds numbers, can actually delay transition. Therefore, higher lift capability, caused by the increased angle of attack, as well as a reduction in viscous drag due to the delay in transition is possible for certain flight conditions.
Antixenotic and Antibiotic Resistance in Apium Species to Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae) (1988)

The potential for resistance to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in Apium L. species was evaluated in field trials and no-choice tests in the laboratory. In field trials with 159 accessions from throughout the world, only A. leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. from Australia (A162), A. prostratum ssp. prostratum var. filiforme (A. Rich.) Kirk. from Australia (A230), and Chinese smallage ‘Huang Hsin Late’ from Taiwan (A16), consistently and significantly exhibited resistance as measured by an index of infestation (percentage of leaves mined per plant). Only A. leptophyllum completely lacked mining, probably due to resistance based on a filiform leaf architecture. No-choice experiments evaluating leafminer oviposition and development on promising accessions demonstrated that some accessions could reduce leafminer population growth. In these tests, only A. prostratum (A230) was not fed or oviposited upon. Although the other accessions produced no differences in developmental time from egg to pupa, numbers of mines per plant, or the ratio of mines to punctures, significant differences in numbers of pupae and adults, and the ratios of pupae to mines and adults to pupae, indicated substantial antibiosis. Incorporation of these accessions into a celery breeding program and programs for integrated and pesticide resistance management are discussed.
Dediazoniations of Arenediazonium Ions. Part XXI. Dediazoniation of Arenediazonium Ions Complexed with Crown Ethers (1983)

Abstract The evaluation of the dediazoniation kinetics of various m ‐ and p ‐substituted benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborates in 1,2‐dichloroethane at 50° in the presence of 18‐crown‐6, 21‐crown‐7 and dicyclohexano‐24‐crown‐8 demonstrates that the rate constant for the dediazoniation within the complex ( k 2 ) is smallest, and the equilibrium constant for complex formation (K) is largest for the complexes with 21‐crown‐7 (cf. Scheme 1) . The logarithms of the equilibrium constants (K) for complex formation with each of the crown ethers studied correlate well with Hammett 's substituent constants, σ, to give reaction constants ρ = 1.18–1.38. A linear correlation between the logarithms of the rate constants for the dediazoniation within the complex with those of the dediazoniation rate constants of uncomplexed diazonium ions (log k 2 vs. log. k 1 ), found for most substituted diazonium salts, indicates that the dediazoniation mechanism of the complexed diazonium ions is not significantly different from that of the free ions. For very electrophilic diazonium ions ( p ‐Cl, m ‐CN), k 2 was much larger than expected on the basis of the linear log k 2 vs. log k 1 relationship. Analysis of the dediazoniation products showed that this was due to a change in mechanism from heterolytic to homolytic dediazoniation. The complexation rate of diazonium salts by crown ethers ( k c ) is practically diffusion controlled and does not change much with the size of the crown ether. The decomplexation rate ( k d ), however, is significantly lower for complexes with 21‐crown‐7, than for those with 18‐crown‐6 and dicyclohexano‐24‐crown‐8, and is therefore the reason for the variations in the equilibrium constant (K) and thus for the fact that complexes of arenediazonium salts with 21‐crown‐7 are the most stable. The amounts of the N α ‐N β rearrangement, as well as those of the exchange of the 15 N‐labelled diazonio group with external nitrogen during dediazoniation of p ‐toluenediazonium salt were independent of the addition of crown ethers. A dediazoniation mechanism involving a charge transfer, as well as an insertion‐type diazonium ion‐crown ether complex is proposed. In this mechanism, dediazoniation of the insertion complex does not take place directly, but through the charge‐transfer complex.
Age-related changes in the mitochondrial depolarization induced by oxidative injury in human peripheral blood leukocytes (2001)

Aging is associated with impaired immunity and reduced host defenses. Mitochondrial bioenergetic dysfunctions and reduced antioxidative ability of immunocompetent cells may contribute to this phenomenon. In this study, 60 healthy volunteers of different age groups donated their blood after overnight fasting. Leukocytes were subjected to oxidative injuries by exposure to t-butylhydroperoxide, and were labeled with fluorochromes for measuring mitochondria transmembrane potential (delta psi m), membrane peroxidation and mitochondrial oxidant formation. delta psi m declined after t-butylhydroperoxide exposure, and the change was more prominent in leukocytes from older individuals. Cyclosporin A partly restored delta psi m, implying the contributing role of mitochondrial permeability transition pores. The mitochondrial depolarization was accompanied by increased oxidant formation and oxidation of pyridine nucleotides, which were more prominent in older subjects. The results support the view that the bioenergetic functions of mitochondria are more susceptible to oxidative injury in aged individuals. The decreased ability of leukocytes to resist oxidative stress may contribute to immunosenescence in humans.
Concept-oriented labelling of patent images based on Random Forests and proximity-driven generation of synthetic data (2014)

Patent images are very important for patent examiners to understand the contents of an invention. Therefore there is a need for automatic labelling of patent images in order to support patent search tasks. Towards this goal, recent research works propose classification-based approaches for patent image annotation. However, one of the main drawbacks of these methods is that they rely upon large annotated patent image datasets, which require substantial manual effort to be obtained. In this context, the proposed work performs extraction of concepts from patent images building upon a supervised machine learning framework, which is trained with limited annotated data and automatically generated synthetic data. The classification is realised with Random Forests (RF) and a combination of visual and textual features. First, we make use of RF's implicit ability to detect outliers to rid our data of unnecessary noise. Then, we generate new synthetic data cases by means of Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). We evaluate the different retrieval parts of the framework by using a dataset from the footwear domain. The results of the experiments indicate the benefits of using the proposed methodology.
Large‐scale case‐control study of a functional polymorphism in the <i>glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3</i> gene in patients with schizophrenia (2008)

THE A ALLELE of rs6465084, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3 (GRM3) gene, has been found to be associated with decreased verbal fluency and reduced prefrontal cortical levels of N-acetylaspartate/creatine.1 This functional SNP has been shown to be associated with schizophrenia1 but other studies failed to demonstrate such an association.2–5 To further investigate the inconsistent results, we conducted a case–control association study. The Ethics Committee on Genetics of each participating institute approved the present study. All participants provided written informed consent. All participants were unrelated Japanese subjects. The subjects consisted of 2358 patients with schizophrenia, meeting the DSM-IV criteria (1273 men, 1085 women; mean age 46.8 ± 14.7 years), and 2433 control subjects (1313 men, 1120 women; mean age 45.6 ± 13.8 years). We genotyped rs6465084 (C_11245618_10; Applied Biosystems, CA, USA) using the TaqMan 5′-exonuclease assay.6 We did not examine rs1468412,7 rs22992258 and rs2746229 because these SNP have not been shown to be associated with schizophrenia in a large Japanese sample,5 which overlapped the subjects in the present study. The genotype distributions did not deviate significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in either group. The genotype and allele frequencies in patients did not differ from those in controls (Table 1). The results of the present study indicate that the rs6465084 functional polymorphism in GRM3 does not contribute to genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia.
Effects of SR 44866, a Potassium Channel Opener, on Action Potentials of Rabbit, Guinea Pig, and Human Heart Fibers (1991)

The effects of various concentrations (3 x 10(-8) - 1 x 10(-5) M) of SR 44866, a K+ channel opener, on action potential (AP) characteristics were investigated in isolated rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN), rabbit Purkinje fibers, guinea pig ventricle, human atrium, and human papillary muscle. SR 44866 (up to 1 x 10(-5) M), like cromakalim and pinacidil, did not modify SAN AP and automaticity of the rabbit heart. In atrial, Purkinje and ventricular fibers of animal and human hearts, SR 44866 did not significantly change membrane resting potential, AP amplitude, or maximum rate of phase 0 (dV/dtmax). The main AP modifications induced by SR 44866 were concentration-dependent reductions in plateau amplitude and AP duration (APD): IC50 2 x 10(-7), 7 x 10(-7), 1.4 x 10(-6), 2.5 x 10(-6), and much greater than 10(-5) M for human atrium, human ventricle, guinea pig ventricle, rabbit Purkinje, and rabbit atrium, respectively. In isolated guinea pig heart, SR 44866 induced decreases in contractions (IC50 1.7 x 10(-6) M) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) (IC50 2.1 x 10(-8) M) with a very slight reduction (5% at 1 x 10(-6) M) in spontaneous heart rate (HR). Negative inotropic effect (guinea pig) and APD shortenings (guinea pigs and humans) of SR 44866 (1 x 10(-6) and 3.10(-6) M) were antagonized by glibenclamide (3 x 10(-7) to 3 x 10(-6) M), a specific blocker of cardiac K+ATP channels. The data support the hypothesis that SR 44866 activates ATP-sensitive K+ channels, which are present in the atria and ventricles of the human heart but not in pacemaker cells of rabbit SAN.