gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of algorithm for vehicle identification by number plate recognition (2012)

Design of an algorithm for vehicle identification by recognizing the number plate is presented. This new vehicle identification technique consists of vehicle detection, plate localization and character recognition. Here, Genetic algorithm (GA) is employed at two levels: for detecting vehicle from traffic image and recognizing character from the number plate. Detection is based on contour and shape information. GA controls the window size to capture each vehicle in a separate widow. Connectivity and adjacency concepts are used to locate and extract number plate and its characters. A digital board (DB) with window panes is introduced to recognize each character uniquely. GA is adopted at the second level to map character pixels into the window panes as lines. For each character in the number plate, distinct feature vector is computed. Finally, a feature based matching is adopted for character recognition. Experiments have been conducted with images taken from various scenes and conditions and the detection rate is found to be 92.5 %. Experiments have conducted for recognition with LPR images taken at different conditions and the recognition rate is found to be 91 %. Detection time is linear function of number of objects in the input image. Potential applications include provisioning of vehicle parking facilities and campus security system for permitting authorized vehicles into the premises.
Simulation of wind power generation with fractional controllers: Harmonics analysis (2010)

This paper is on wind energy conversion systems with full-power converter and permanent magnet synchronous generator. Different topologies for the power-electronic converters are considered, namely matrix and multilevel converters. Also, a new fractional-order control strategy is proposed for the variable-speed operation of the wind turbines. Simulation studies are carried out in order to adequately assess the quality of the energy injected into the electric grid. Conclusions are duly drawn.
A Closed Circulating System for Air Drilling (1998)

Abstract Current practice while air or air/mist drilling in the Arkoma Basin is to exhaust all fluids and cuttings into an earthen waste pit. A system has been developed to eliminate the waste pit without otherwise changing the basic drilling process and conditions.
Association of Relative Backpack Weight With Reported Pain, Pain Sites, Medical Utilization, and Lost School Time in Children and Adolescents (2007)

The 10% cutoff is recommended along with a variety of practical methods to help schools achieve that goal for middle and high school students.
Effects of vanadyl sulfate on osteopenia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic(STZD) rats. Comparison with those of insulin. (1992)

The insulin mimetic effects of vanadium salts on glucose metabolism have been well-documented in STZD rats. In this study, the long-term effects of vanadyl sulfate (vanadium) on osteopenia in STZD rats were examined and compared with those of insulin. From 2 days after an intravenous injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg), the rats with hyperglycemia (> 300 mg/dl) received either vanadium (0, 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5 mg/ml) in drinking water or daily subcutaneous injections of insulin (0, 0.4 or 4.0 U/day) for 54 days. Their tibiae and femurs were examined by chemical analyses, by contact microradiography and by the method of double tetracycline labeling. Decreases in bone mass, bone density and in the rate of bone formation were observed in STZD rats. Development of these symptoms in the STZD rats with osteopenia was prevented by the administration of either vanadium or insulin in a dose-dependent fashion. The effects of vanadium at a dose of 0.5 mg/ml for preventing bone loss in STZD rats were similar to those of insulin at a dose of 4.0 U/day. These results indicate that vanadium has insulin mimetic effects on osteopenia in STZD rats.
A suboptimal lossy data compression based on approximate pattern matching (1997)

A practical suboptimal (variable source coding) algorithm for lossy data compression is presented. This scheme is based on approximate string matching, and it naturally extends the lossless Lempel-Ziv (1977) data compression scheme. Among others we consider the typical length of an approximately repeated pattern within the first n positions of a stationary mixing sequence where D percent of mismatches is allowed. We prove that there exists a constant r/sub 0/(D) such that the length of such an approximately repeated pattern converges in probability to 1/r/sub 0/(D) log n (pr.) but it almost surely oscillates between 1/r/sub -/spl infin//(D) log n and 2/r/sub 1/(D) log n, where r/sub -/spl infin//(D)>r/sub 0/(D)>r/sub 1/(D)/2 are some constants. These constants are natural generalizations of Renyi entropies to the lossy environment. More importantly, we show that the compression ratio of a lossy data compression scheme based on such an approximate pattern matching is asymptotically equal to r/sub 0/(D). We also establish the asymptotic behavior of the so-called approximate waiting time N/sub l/ which is defined as the time until a pattern of length C repeats approximately for the first time. We prove that log N/sub l//l/spl rarr/r/sub 0/(D) (pr.) as l/spl rarr//spl infin/. In general, r/sub 0/(D)>R(D) where R(D) is the rate distortion function. Thus for stationary mixing sequences we settle in the negative the problem investigated by Steinberg and Gutman by showing that a lossy extension of the Wyner-Ziv (1989) scheme cannot be optimal.
Cooling Schedules for Optimal Annealing (1988)

A Monte Carlo optimization technique called “simulated annealing” is a descent algorithm modified by random ascent moves in order to escape local minima which are not global minima. The level of randomization is determined by a control parameter T, called temperature, which tends to zero according to a deterministic “cooling schedule.” We give a simple necessary and sufficient condition on the cooling schedule for the algorithm state to converge in probability to the set of globally minimum cost states. In the special case that the cooling schedule has parametric form T(t) = c/log(1 + t), the condition for convergence is that c be greater than or equal to the depth, suitably defined, of the deepest local minimum which is not a global minimum state.
Atomic layer deposited HfO2/HfSixOyNz stacked gate dielectrics for metal-oxide-semiconductor structures (2007)

HfSi x O y N z layers were grown on Si substrates prior to HfO2 growth in order to investigate the growth of an interfacial layer between HfO2 and Si substrate and the chemical composition changes at the interfacial region. The effects of the HfSixOyNz buffer layers were also investigated. The HfSixOyNz and HfO2 films were grown by remote plasma atomic layer deposition using N2/O2 plasma and O2 plasma, respectively. The HfSixOyNz films were grown using a TDEAH precursor and N2/O2 mixed plasma. The Hf-N and N-O bonds of the HfSixOyNz layers were easily broken by annealing at 800 °C in N2 ambient because their bonds were relatively weak. The peak intensities of the Si-O-N, Hf-O-Si, and Si-O bonds at the interfacial region increased after annealing. The excess N atoms due to the breaking of the Hf-N and N-O bonds can form bonds with Si atoms in the interfacial region and cause the growth of SiOxNy or SiNx. The excess Hf and O atoms can grow HfSixOy or SiO2 due to interactions with Si atoms. The formation of the HfSixOyNz layer can suppress the growth of Hf silicate or an interfacial layer. The formation of a thick HfSixOyNz layer enhanced the thermal stability of the interfacial layer of the HfO2 film as it had a larger amount of effective fixed oxide charges than a thin HfSixOyNz layer.
Mineral replacement reactions: from macroscopic observations to microscopic mechanisms (2002)

Abstract Mineral replacement reactions take place primarily by dissolution-reprecipitation processes. Processes such as cation exchange, chemical weathering, deuteric alteration, leaching, pseudomorphism, metasomatism, diagenesis and metamorphism are all linked by common features in which one mineral or mineral assemblage is replaced by a more stable assemblage. The aim of this paper is to review some of these aspects of mineral replacement and to demonstrate the textural features they have in common, in order to emphasize the similarities in the underlying microscopic mechanisms. The role of volume change and evolution of porosity is explored both from natural microtextures and new experiments on model replacement reactions in simple salts. It is shown that the development of porosity is often a consequence of mineral replacement processes, irrespective of the relative molar volumes of parent and product solid phases. The key issue is the relative solubility of the phases in the fluid phase. Concepts such as coupled dissolution-precipitation, and autocatalysis are important in understanding these processes. Some consequences of porosity generation for metamorphic fluid flow as well as subsequent crystal growth are also discussed.
Theory, Design, and Calibration of a uv Spectrophotopolarimeter (1965)

A balloon-borne ultraviolet Ebert-Fastie spectrometer with a Sekera-type polarimeter is developed mathematically. The basic representation of polarized light by Stokes vector and the utilization of Mueller calculus to predict the performance of the spectrophotopolarimeter is discussed. The Stokes vector of the incident light is determined by a Fourier analysis of a light beam which is modulated by a rotating retardation plate. The effect of imperfect optical elements in the train is discussed, and an elegant, although simple, method of calibration which utilizes only nonperfect optical elements is developed. It is possible to calibrate satisfactorily the entire optical system in only one step as long as the optical elements in the train have some resemblance to their designed function.
Security and Access Control for a Human-centric Collaborative Commerce System (2006)

The rise of globally distributed computer based workspaces has enabled the incorporation of collaboration in electronic commerce (e-Commerce) systems. Working in collaborative environments with e-Commerce technologies leads to the subject of collaborative commerce (or c-Commerce). C-Commerce creates dynamic collaboration and harnesses organizations’ information and knowledge base into a computer-based framework to support personalized access to potentially all participants and information in a given community. One of the main concerns in such a system is security and control of access. Many distributed organizations and individuals want to work together and share their information and knowledge in the process. At the same time, they need to protect their privacy and sensitive information and establish proper protocols for access and sharing activities. This paper discusses a human-centered collaborative commerce system (HCCS) and its security and access control design. Specifically, it presents three security modules and components that will support collaborative exchange and processes. We, then, introduce an improved access control method and algorithm which is role-, group-, and task-based (RGT-based access control) that ensures information and resources access efficiently. Developing further access control algorithms and implementations will be considered in a variety of case studies in future work.
A new analysis of the sandwich-wire antenna (1971)

It is hypothesized that the exact shape of the center conductor of a sandwich-wire antenna, provided it is of fairly simple form, is not important in determining the radiating properties of the antenna. An analysis is therefore made by standard principles of a sandwich-wire antenna having a particularly simple shape for the center conductor. This approach leads to an explicit formula for the structure attenuation constant in terms of its geometrical parameters which may be used for design purposes. Experimental measurements which support the theory and justify the shape-independence hypothesis are presented.
Energy conserving based k-coverage algorithm for dense wireless sensor networks (2012)

As the energy supply of wireless sensor is limited, it is important to dynamically configure wireless sensor networks by correctly setting the on/off status of each sensor to let every target be k covered. In this paper, we propose an energy-efficient distributed target k-coverage algorithm for dense heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with multiple sensing units. To save the energy of sensors more efficiently, the sensing ability and the remaining energy of a given sensor is integrated to calculate sensor priority. The proposed approach is locally and simultaneously running at each sensor in a rounding mode. Each sensor should decide the on/off status of its sensing units at the beginning of each round, and then transmits this decision to its one-hop neighbours. The higher the priority of a sensor is, the shorter the decision time it needs. Experimental results show that compared with Energy First scheme and Integer Linear Programming solution, our approach has longer network lifetime than Energy First scheme, and the performance of our approach is second only to Integer Linear Programming solution. Streszczenie. W artykule zaproponowano energooszczedny algorytm dla gestej, niejednorodnej sieci bezprzewodowej czujnikow. Kazdy czujnik decyduje o stanie wlączenia lub wylączenia na początku kazdej rundy testowania a nastepnie przeprowadzana jest transmisja danych do sąsiada. W zalezności od priorytetu czujnika czas decyzji jest krotszy. (Energooszczedny algorytm dla gestej bezprzewodowej sieci czujnikow)
Enhancement of the selectivity and yield in infrared multiphoton dissociation of molecules in multifrequency infrared laser fields (1985)

Methods of increasing the yield and selectivity of infrared multiphoton dissociation of molecules in multifrequency infrared laser fields are examined. A simple method of obtaining multifrequency lasing using a single CO2 laser is proposed and implemented. The multifrequency radiation obtained is used for separation of 13C/12C isotopes by multiphoton dissociation of CF2HCl molecules. A selectivity S ~ 104 and a dissociation yield of 13CF2HCl molecules 13β ≈ 1% were achieved. For S = 102 the yield was 13β ≈ 45%. The total laser energy densities required were reduced.
The clinical effectiveness of negative pressure wound therapy: a systematic review (2010)

There is now sufficient evidence to show that NPWT is safe, and will accelerate healing, to justify its use in the treatment of diabetes-associated chronic leg wounds. There is also evidence, though of poor quality, to suggest that healing of other wounds may also be accelerated.
FPGA based implementation of pulse parameters measurement (2014)

In this paper, the implementation of pulse parameters measurement in Xilinx FPGA devices using digital signal processing (DSP) is presented. The DSP includes Digital In-phase Quadrature-phase (IQ) method, Signal Detection, measurements of interpulse and intrapulse parameters. These are designed and developed using Very high speed integrated circuits Hardware Description Language (VHDL) for the frequency range of 140 MHz to 180 MHz for Radar Electronic Warfare (EW) application. The functional simulation and hardware debugging is carried out and results are presented.
Using ABMS to simulate emergency departments (2011)

Computer simulation methods have enjoyed widespread use in healthcare system investigation and improvement. Most reported applications use discrete event simulation, though there are also many reports of the use of system dynamics. There are few reports of the use of agent-based simulations (ABS). This is curious, because healthcare systems are based on human interactions and the ability of ABS to represent human intention and interaction makes it an appealing approach. Tools exist to support both conceptual modelling and model implementation in ABS and these are illustrated with a simple example from an emergency department.
[Effect of hyperactivation of the somatosensory cortex on pain syndrome of spinal origin in rats]. (1995)

The cortical effects were studied in rats with abnormal pain. The spinal pain syndrome was induced by a generator of abnormally enhanced excitation in spinal dorsal cord. Hyperactivation of the somatosensory cortex was caused with penicillin. Cortical hyperactivation was shown to lead to the suppression of the pain syndrome.
Helicobacter pylori genotyping in gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma by multiplex PCR analyses of paraffin wax embedded tissues (2003)

Certain H pylori subtype combinations possess a differentiating and predictive value for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma.
Interdependence of the position and orientation of SoxS binding sites in the transcriptional activation of the class I subset of <i>Escherichia coli</i> superoxide‐inducible promoters (1999)

SoxS is the direct transcriptional activator of the member genes of the Escherichia coli superoxide regulon. At class I SoxS-dependent promoters, e.g. zwf and fpr, whose SoxS binding sites ('soxbox') lie upstream of the -35 region of the promoter, activation requires the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha-subunit, while at class II SoxS-dependent promoters, e.g. fumC and micF, whose binding sites overlap the -35 region, activation is independent of the alpha-CTD. To determine whether SoxS activation of its class I promoters shows the same helical phase-dependent spacing requirement as class I promoters activated by catabolite gene activator protein, we increased the 7 bp distance between the 20 bp zwf soxbox and the zwf -35 promoter hexamer by 5 bp and 11 bp, and we decreased the 15 bp distance between the 20 bp fpr soxbox and the fpr -35 promoter hexamer by the same amounts. In both cases, displacement of the binding site by a half or full turn of the DNA helix prevented transcriptional activation. With constructs containing the binding site of one gene fused to the promoter of the other, we demonstrated that the positional requirements are a function of the specific binding site, not the promoter. Supposing that opposite orientation of the SoxS binding site at the two promoters might account for the positional requirements, we placed the zwf and fpr soxboxes in the reverse orientation at the various positions upstream of the promoters and determined the effect of orientation on transcription activation. We found that reversing the orientation of the zwf binding site converts its positional requirement to that of the fpr binding site in its normal orientation, and vice versa. Analysis by molecular information theory of DNA sequences known to bind SoxS in vitro is consistent with the opposite orientation of the zwf and fpr soxboxes.
Coal cleaning for HAP's control: Cost and performance (1998)

The Electric Power Research Institute and CQ Inc. have undertaken a study to investigate if cleaning coal to a lower ash by conventional or advanced physical methods might not only remove a substantial part of the hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), but also be cost-effective because of transport and handling savings, the lower amounts of ash produced, improvements in power station efficiency, and the value of sulphur credits that would accrue. In a project funded by the Department of Energy, the Electric Power Research Institute, and industry, CQ Inc. and team members Howard University and Fossil Fuel Sciences developed a novel method of removing mercury from coal by a mild chemical process. The paper gives a description of procedures and discusses the cost and effectiveness of coal cleaning, and the application of cleaning technologies.
Taxonomy of Pain (2000)

Research on the pathophysiology of chronic pain has begun to challenge the traditional diagnostic and treatment paradigms for the patient with neuropathic pain. The heterogeneous nature of neuropathic pain indicates that more than one anatomic lesion is most likely responsible for the clinical presentation of a particular syndrome. Numerous pharmacologic agents that have shown improved efficacy in the treatment of neuropathic pain have been developed over the past decade. For the practicing clinician, an important concern is whether the current paradigm for classification of neuropathic pain syndromes is comprehensive enough to address this rapidly expanding body of knowledge.
Dynamic Reverse Code Generation for Backward Execution (2007)

The need for backward execution in debuggers has been raised a number of times. Backward execution helps a user naturally think backwards and, in turn, easily locate the cause of a bug. Backward execution has been implemented mostly by state-saving or checkpointing, which are inherently not scalable. In this paper, we present a method to generate reverse code, so that backtracking can be performed by executing reverse code. The novelty of our work is that we generate reverse code on-the-fly, while running a debugger, which makes it possible to apply the method even to debugging multi-threaded programs.
Hemodynamic Disturbed Flow Induces Differential DNA Methylation of Endothelial Kruppel-Like Factor 4 Promoter In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

Hemodynamics influence endothelial KLF4 expression through DNMT enrichment/myocyte enhancer factor-2 inhibition mechanisms of KLF4 promoter CpG methylation with regional consequences for atherosusceptibility.
Numerical Simulations of Interactions Among Aerodynamics, Structural Dynamics, and Control Systems (1998)

A robust technique for performing numerical simulations of nonlinear unsteady aeroelastic behavior is developed. The technique is applied to long-span bridges and the wing of a modern business jet. The heart of the procedure is combining the aerodynamic and structural models. The aerodynamic model is a general unsteady vortex-lattice method. The structural model for the bridges is a rigid roadbed supported by linear and torsional springs. For the aircraft wing, the structural model is a cantilever beam with rigid masses attached at various positions along the span; it was generated with the NASTRAN program. The structure, flowing air, and control devices are considered to be the elements of a single dynamic system. All the governing equations are integrated simultaneously and interactively in the time domain; a predictor-corrector method was adapted to perform this integration. For long-span bridges, the simulation predicts the onset of flutter accurately, and the numerical results strongly suggest that an actively controlled wing attached below the roadbed can easily suppress the wind-excited oscillations. The governing equations for a proposed passive system were developed. The wing structure is modelled with finite elements. The deflections are expressed as an expansion in terms of the free-vibration modes. The time-dependent coefficients are the generalized coordinates of the entire dynamic system. The concept of virtual work was extended to develop a method to transfer the aerodynamic loads to the structural nodes. Depending on the speed of the aircraft, the numerical results show damped responses to initial disturbances (although there are no viscous terms in either the aerodynamic or structural model), merging of modal frequencies, the development of limit-cycle oscillations, and the occurrence of a supercritical Hopf bifurcation leading to motion on a torus.
Renewable Energy Burning Cookstove and Surface Environment (2012)

Renewable energy cooking environments have evolved since humans learned to utilize fire as a tool. The purpose of this project is to update this technology to assimilate into a modern kitchen. The process involves modifying an antiquated, wood-burning stove’s combustion chamber, cooking surface, and exhaust system. With the correct modifications, a modern cooking stove can use renewable resources to efficiently and safely cook a meal for a full size family. Testing was done to ensure the newly-designed safety measures functioned as intended, while allowing the user to prepare a meal within similar time constraints of other modern stoves.