gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphinate analogs of D-, D-dipeptides: slow-binding inhibition and proteolysis protection of VanX, a D-, D-dipeptidase required for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. (1995)

VanX is a D-Ala-D-Ala dipeptidase that is essential for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Contrary to most proteases and peptidases, it prefers to hydrolyze the amino substrate but not the related kinetically and thermodynamically more favorable ester substrate D-Ala-D-lactate. The enzymatic activity of VanX was previously found to be inhibited by the phosphinate analogs of the proposed tetrahedral intermediate for hydrolysis of D-Ala-D-Ala. Here we report that such phosphinates are slow-binding inhibitors. D-3-[(1-Aminoethyl)phosphinyl]-D-2-methylpropionic acid I showed a time-dependent onset of inhibition of VanX and a time-dependent return to uninhibited steady-state rates upon dilution of the enzyme/inhibitor mixture. The initial inhibition constant Ki after immediate addition of VanX to phosphinate I to form the E-I complex is 1.5 microM but is then lowered by a relatively slow isomerization step to a second complex, E-I*, with a final K*i of 0.47 microM. This slow-binding inhibition reflects a Km/K*i ratio of 2900:1. The rate constant for the slow dissociation of complex E-I* is 0.24 min-1. A phosphinate analog with an ethyl group replacing what would be the side chain of the second D-alanyl residue in the normal tetrahedral adduct gives a K*i value of 90 nM. Partial proteolysis of VanX reveals two protease-sensitive loop regions that are protected by the intermediate analog phosphinate, indicating that they may be part of the VanX active site.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. (1898)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.Henry FayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1898, 20, 12, 31–33Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1898Publication History Published online26 September 2008Published inissue 1 December 1898https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02074a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02074a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comprehensive quantification of herpes simplex virus latency at the single-cell level (1997)

To date, characterization of latently infected tissue with respect to the number of cells in the tissue harboring the viral genome and the number of viral genomes contained within individual latently infected cells has not been possible. This level of cellular quantification is a critical step in determining (i) viral or host cell factors which function in the establishment and maintenance of latency, (ii) the relationship between latency burden and reactivation, and (iii) the effectiveness of vaccines or antivirals in reducing or preventing the establishment of latent infections. Presented here is a novel approach for the quantitative analysis of nucleic acids within the individual cells comprising complex solid tissues. One unique feature is that the analysis reflects the nucleic acids within the individual cells as they were in the context of the intact tissue-hence the name CXA, for contextual analysis. Trigeminal ganglia latently infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) were analyzed by CXA of viral DNA. Both the type and the number of cells harboring the viral genome as well as the number of viral genomes within the individual latently infected cells were determined. Here it is demonstrated that (i) the long-term repository of HSV-1 DNA in the ganglion is the neuron, (ii) the viral-genome copy number within individual latently infected neurons is variable, ranging over 3 orders of magnitude from <10 to >1,000, (iii) there is a direct correlation between increasing viral input titer and the number of neurons in which latency is established in the ganglion, (iv) increasing viral input titer results in more neurons with greater numbers of viral-genome copies, (v) treatment with acyclovir (ACV) during acute infection reduces the number of latently infected ganglionic neurons 20-fold, and (vi) ACV treatment results in uniformly low (<10)-copy-number latency. This report represents the first comprehensive quantification of HSV latency at the level of single cells. Beyond viral latency, CXA has the potential to advance many studies in which rare cellular events occur in the background of a complex solid tissue mass, including microbial pathogenesis, tumorigenesis, and analysis of gene transfer.
Fast, accurate, and reproducible automatic segmentation of the brain in T1-weighted volume MRI data (1999)

A new fast automated algorithm has been developed to segment the brain from T1-weighted volume MR images. The algorithm uses automated thresholding and morphological operations. It is fully three-dimensional and therefore independent of scan orientation. The validity and the performance of the algorithm were evaluated by comparing the automatically calculated brain volume with semi-automated measurements in 10 subjects, by calculating the brain volume from repeated scans in another 10 subjects, and by visual inspection. The mean and standard deviation of the difference between semi-automated and automated measurements were 0.56% and 2.8% of the mean brain volume, respectively, which is within inter-observer variability of the semi-automated method. The mean and standard deviation of the difference between the total volumes calculated from repeated scans were 0.40% and 1.2% of the mean brain volume, respectively. Good results were also obtained from a scan of abnormal brains.
Behavioural effects of laparotomy and analgesic effects of ketoprofen and carprofen in rats (2001)

Rat behaviour was studied to develop a reliable method of determining the severity and duration of post-laparotomy pain, and to assess analgesic effects of ketoprofen or carprofen. Behaviour was studied in groups of ten animals 1 h following subcutaneous (s/c) saline (0.2 ml/100 g), ketoprofen or carprofen (5, 10 or 15 mg/kg) given either alone, or prior to surgery. The frequency of over 150 individual behavioural acts was calculated during the first post-treatment hour, the hour immediately prior to darkness, and the first 15 min of each of 5 subsequent hours. Discriminant analysis and analysis of variance isolated several easily recognizable behaviours which were markedly altered in frequency by surgery. These were unaffected by drug administration alone and were mainly transient, easily quantifiable activities; 'cat-like' back arching, horizontal stretching followed by abdominal writhing and twitching while inactive. Reductions in the frequency of these behaviours following surgery with analgesic treatment supported the hypothesis that they reflected post-operative pain. Ketoprofen and carprofen were equipotent and no dose related effects were apparent. Analgesic activity lasted between 4 and 5 h with the 5 mg/kg dosage, this being estimated from the duration of overall and specific behaviour differences between saline and drug treated animals. The data provided substantial evidence as to the usefulness of behavioural criteria for estimating pain severity, and for the first time, the basis of a system for routine pain assessment and management in rats subjected to abdominal surgery.
SOME NEW REACTIONS AND DERIVATIVES OF KOJIC ACID (1955)

The stability of the ring structure in kojic acid toward various reagents was investigated. Cleavage to an open-chain, dienol derivative in N sodium hydroxide at 25°, or fragmentation of the structure, was very slow. The benzoyl group in the fifth (phenolic) position of dibenzoylkojic acid was removed by hydroxylamine hydrochloride in pyridine so selectively that the method was of value in synthesizing certain new derivatives. Although catalytic hydrogenation readily reduced the pyrone ring in kojic acid to undefined substances, zinc dust in glacial acetic acid reduced the hydroxymethyl group in the dibenzoate to a methyl group and yielded benzoylallomaltol. The ring in dibenzoylkojic acid was apparently opened, with retention of both benzoyl groups, by semicarbazide hydrochloride and pyridine to yield two isomeric "disemicarbazones", C 22 H 22 N 6 O 7 , decomp., 215° and 172–173°, respectively. The higher-melting isomer when boiled with dilute acid gave a compound C 21 H 15 N 3 O 5 , m.p. 244°, which was apparently cyclic; the same isomer with nitrous acid yielded two isomeric, apparently open-chain "monosemicarbazones", C 21 H 19 N 3 O 7 , decomp., 215° and 178–179°, respectively. The structures of these five compounds were not determined. The following substances were thought to be new: sodium kojate, a white powder, and its crystalline tetrahydrate; 5-hydroxy-2-(methoxymethyl)-γ-pyrone, m.p. 75–76°, and its crystalline aluminum salt, decomp. 270–271°; molecular addition compound of dibenzoylkojic acid and benzoic acid, m.p. 120–121°; 2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-benzoxy-γ-pyrone, m.p. 144°; 2-(benzoxymethyl)-5-hydroxy-γ-pyrone, m.p. 180–181°; and 2-(benzoxymethyl)-5-methoxy-γ-pyrone, m.p. 110–111°. A more convenient synthesis was discovered for 5-benzoxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-γ-pyrone, and the published melting point was revised from 136° to 143–144°; the melting point of 5-benzoxy-2-(triphenylmethoxymethyl)-γ-pyrone was revised from 206–08° to 213–214°.
A study of dynamic instruction frequencies in byte compiled Java programs (1999)

The programming language Java has become too important to be ignored by embedded system designers. The bottleneck for launching Java into the high volume embedded system market is that the traditional ways to execute Java programs like the virtual machine and the just-in-time compiler require large resource overheads. Reducing these overheads will lead to more implementations of the Java machine on silicon in the near future. The paper presents dynamic instruction frequencies for a Java virtual machine after running five test programs. We find that a large part of the run time of a Java program is due to loading/storing variables to/from the stack. This analysis will help potential designers of Java processors to understand the bottlenecks of the Java virtual machine.
Tisser des trames de pertinence entre musées, nouvelles technologies et publics (1998)

En el contexto actual, describir el museo no tiene ningun evidencia. Pueden los sitios de museos ser considerados como un buen apoyo al diàlogo entre el museo y su pùblico, y a la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos ? Les representaciones y las maneras de hacer de los utilizadores se enfrenten a maneras de producir poco pertinentes, pero las pedidas de utilización permiten precisar mejores asuntos y modos de interacción.
A Review on Inorganic Nanostructure Self-Assembly (2010)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the self-assembly process for the fabrication of micro- and nano-scale structures for various device applications. The success of these applications requires the development of a versatile assembly process for producing large area ordered arrays. In this article, we review recent advances, particularly related to photonic material and device applications, based on self-assembly processes, with the focus on the processes for inorganic structure self assembly. We first discuss major forces guiding the particle self-assembly in the wet coating technology. Then we review device applications and recent advances based on three kinds of wet coating technologies, including dip coating, spin coating and convective coating. Finally, a conclusion will be given, with discussions given on future perspectives.
MOTORCYCLE SAFETY IN THE NEAR FUTURE (1995)

This editorial describes the articles on motorcycle safety which follow, in this issue of IATSS Research. It includes subjects such as an intellectual approach to motorcycle safety in the 21st century, braking performance and rider psychology, suggestions of new analyzing methods of handling stability, the basics of riding stability and the problem of crosswinds, and the benefits of reducing accidents through motorcycle safety campaigns.
Laparoscopic Colectomy of Splenic Flexure for Giant Lipomas Causing Symptoms: Report on Two Cases (2012)

Colonic lipomas are rare diseases. Incidence of colonic lipomas is only 0.1∼4.4%. However, after benign adenomatous polyp, they are the second most common benign disease of the colon. Most colonic lipomas do not require treatment. However, large colonic lipomas or those that cause symptoms require treatment (>2 cm). There are several options for treatment. For example, endoscopic removal, laparoscopic surgery, and open surgery can all be considered. We report on two cases of giant colonic lipomas that caused symptoms. Both were located at the splenic flexure colon, and were safely treated with laparoscopic surgery.
Genera of Hyphomycetes. (1980)

This book provides a means for identifying Hyphomycetes to genus and a convenient access to the taxonomic literature on Hyphomycetes. It will be of interest to taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, and those concerned with the biology of decomposition and soil fertility.
Flexible hard nanocomposite coatings (2015)

The article reports on flexible hard nanocomposite coatings prepared by magnetron sputtering.
Experimental charge density study of 1,3-dithietane 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide (CH2SO2)2 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental charge density study of 1,3-dithietane 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide (CH2SO2)2Wang Yu, L. W. Guo, H. C. Lin, C. T. Kao, C. J. Tsai, and J. W. BatsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 3, 520–523Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00276a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00276a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Plasma Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity in Piglets in Anemia and Iron Administration (1972)

This study was conducted to clarify the variations of plasma iron (PI) and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) due to anemia and the effects of oral or parenteral iron administration during the early stage of growth. PI levels at birth, 1 and 3 days of age were lower than that reported for older pigs. TIBC values were extremely low at birth and 1 day of age and increased slightly at 3 days of age, but were still less half of the levels found in older pigs. In the unsupplemented group, PI level and hemoglobin concentration were consistently lower than in the groups receiving oral ferrous fumarate throughout the suckling period (P<.01). TIBC increased sharply at 10 and 20 days of age. Afterwards, it decreased linearly until 40 days of age and remained relatively constant thereafter. TIBC was significantly higher at 10 and 20 days of age in the unsupplemented group than in groups receiving ferrous fumarate (P<.01). Percent PI was below 10% from 10 to 40 days of age. It was consistently lower until 30 days of age in the unsupplemented group than in groups receiving ferrous fumarate (P<.01). Thus, the pigs in the unsupplemented group had typical symptoms of iron deficiency throughout the suckling period. In pigs receiving ferrous fumarate orally, PI level increased markedly at 10 days of age and was variable thereafter. TIBC increased until 20 days of age and thereafter it remained relatively constant. TIBC in the group given excess iron was lower than that in those receiving the recommended amount of iron. When iron administration was stopped, PI level decreased markedly. Thus, oral iron administration for a short term does not produce a continuous effect of preventing iron deficiency anemia. In pigs receiving iron-dextran intramuscularly at 3 and 20 days of age, UIBC paralleled that in pigs receiving iron orally. In pigs offered soil containing iron as 8% of the soil dry matter and which, by 0.1 N HCl extraction yielded iron amounting to 705 ppm of the soil dry matter, PI level rose rapidly to 10 days of age and was variable thereafter. TIBC paralleled that of the unsupplemented group. The increase of hemoglobin was slow. Thus, the biological availability of iron from soil to the pig may be poor.
Self-Assembled Colloidal Arrays as Three-Dimensional Nanofluidic Sieves for Separation of Biomolecules on Microchips (2007)

We report on a biomolecular sieving system based on the use of ordered colloidal arrays to define the sieve structure within a microfluidic device. A facile microfluidic colloidal self-assembly strategy has been developed to create ordered, robust, three-dimensional nanofluidic sieves within microfluidic devices, with which fast separation of DNA and proteins of a wide size range was achieved. Compared to conventional colloidal deposition procedures, such as vertical deposition, this approach features much faster assembling speed, the absence of drying-caused cracks that may jeopardize the separation performance, and better flexibility to couple with current microfabrication techniques. The flexibility of pore size enabled by this methodology provides separation of biomolecules with a wide size distribution, ranging from proteins (20-200 kDa) to dsDNA (0.05-50 kbp). Under moderate electric fields, complete separation can be finished in minutes, with separation efficiency comparable to gel/polymer-filled or micro-/nanofabricated microsystems. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of size separation of biomolecules within self-assembled ordered colloidal lattices embedded within a microfluidic system.
Transformation industrieller Standorte in der Stadtregion Tirana (Albanien) (2018)

Als mit dem Beginn der politischen Wende im Jahre 1991 auch in Albanien der Ubergang von der Plan- zur Marktwirtschaft erfolgte, blickte das Land auf rund viereinhalb Jahrzehnte einer Industrialisierung zuruck, die weitgehend auf Autarkie gerichtet gewesen war. Es vollzog in dieser Zeit „den Schritt vom reinen Agrar zum Agrar-Industriestaat“ (GUMPEL 2001, S. 43). Am Industrialisierungsprozess hatte Tirana erheblichen Anteil; die Hauptstadt Albaniens wuchs wahrend der kommunistischen Epoche zum bedeutendsten industriellen Standort heran, auf den etwa ein Funftel der industriellen Produktion des Landes entfiel.
Views of Health and Development: Six Mothers and. Their Infants (1986)

This study investigated maternal perceptions of their infants' health and developmental problems. The purposes were to describe the range of ways in which mothers perceive problems, defects, abnormalities, and/or disabilities in their infants; to identify the variables which influence such maternal "diagnoses"; and to examine the potential usefulness of mothers' views and information in the diagnostic and treatment process utilized with health- or developmentally compromised infants. Six mothers of infants aged 3 to 24 months were intervlewed over 15 months. Four physicians were subsequently interviewed. All interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed. The results underscore the importance of the mother's perspective in the total treatment/habilitation process.
Engaging with Asia: The new Colombo plan (2013)

The former Australian Labor Government's White Paper Australia in the Asian Century's Implementation Plan released in April 2013 listed twentyfive objectives to be achieved by 2025. The last two objectives were 'Australia will have deeper and broader people-to-people links with Asian nations ...', and 'Australia will have stronger, deeper and broader cultural links with Asian nations'. The first has never presented a problem. Carrying forward the latter aim, however, has been an aspiration expressed by all post-war governments - strong on rhetoric, oft repeated, but with low achievement rates.
Von Willebrand Factor in Cardiovascular Disease (2008)

von Willebrand factor (VWF) plays a pivotal role in platelet adhesion and aggregation at sites of high shear rates (eg, in coronary arteries that have stenotic or ruptured atherosclerotic plaque lesions). Numerous studies have investigated the relationship between VWF plasma levels and thromboembolic cardiovascular events. In contrast to the rather weak association in the general population, in patients with preexisting vascular disease, VWF is significantly predictive for adverse cardiac events, including death. Likewise, VWF typically rises during the course of acute coronary syndrome, and the extent of this VWF release is an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome in these patients. Various lines of evidence indicate that VWF is not only a marker but also actually an important effector in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction. This central role of VWF in thrombogenesis has made it a promising target for research into new antiplatelet therapies that specifically inhibit VWF. This review focuses on the role of VWF in acute coronary syndrome and further outlines the relevance of therapeutic interventions targeting VWF for acute coronary syndrome patients.
Preparation, cure behavior and properties of bismaleinides containing well defined oligo(phenylene sulfide) segments (1993)

A family of bismaleimides (PPS-BMIs) containing flexible oligo(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) segments was prepared from the corresponding monodisperse diamine-terminated oligo(phenylene sulfide)s (PPS-DAs). PPS-BMIs and PPS-DAs formed eutectic mixtures which melted below 200 C. Upon heating above 200 C, chain advancement via Michaeltype addition of PPS.DA to PPS-BMI followed by cross-linking produced networks containing PPS segments. The influence of the PPS segment length on processing, cure reaction, phase transitions, and thermal stability was investigated.