gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Agronomic, Chemical, and Smoke Characteristics of Flue‐cured Tobacco Lines with Different Levels of Total Alkaloids<sup>1</sup> (1984)

abstract Total alkaloids (predominately nicotine) are important constitutents in flue‐cured tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L .). Due to varying nicotine levels in cigarettes, it is of interest to see what effect varying alkaloid levels in tobacco have on certain agronomic and chemical characteristics of the cured leaf. Experiments were conducted at two locations to develop lines of flue‐cured tobacco with different levels of total alkaloids and to evaluate these lines for agronomic, chemical, and smoke characteristics. Three flue‐cured cultivars with different total alkaloid levels were chosen as recurrent parents. The parents and alkaloid levels were: 'Coker 139' (1.88%), 'NC 95' (3.28%), and 'SC 58' (4.51%). Each cultivar was crossed with a low alkaloid line (0.20%). After the initial cross, backcrosses were made in each F 2 population between a low alkaloid plant and its respective recurrent parent. BC 5 F 7 generation plants with different levels of total alkaloids were selected and advanced to the BC 5 F 7 to obtain stable lines. Also dihaploids were developed from BC 5 F 7 plants and lines with different levels of total alkaloids were selected. Both the BC 5 F 7 and dihaploid populations were evaluated. Based on these tests the line with the highest yield and grade index at each alkaloid level was further evaluated for total alkaloids, reducing sugars, yield, grade index, days to flower, plant height, and number of leaves per plant. Lines with the following levels of total alkaloids were evaluated: NC 95 family ‐ 0.34, 1.08, 2.05, 3.11, and 3.55%; SC 58 family ‐ 0.38, 1.59, 1.90, 2.82, 4.18, and 4.82%; and the Coker 139 family ‐ 0.20, 0.93,1.66,1.84, and 2.17%. The 1.08% line in the NC 95 and 1.59% line in the SC 58 families were dihaploids. None of the lines converted appreciable amounts of nicotine to nornicotine. Therefore, the total alkaloid levels reflected predominantly nicotine. In most families the high alkaloid lines gave the highest grade index. Days to flower, plant height, and number of leaves per plant were not associated with total alkaloid levels in cured leaf. Cigarette smoke from the different tobacco lines was evaluated by two smoke panels. The results from Panel A indicated that it was difficult to associate any of the taste parameters with levels of total alkaloids in the leaf. The results from Panel B indicated that an increase in total alkaloids in the leaf was accompanied by an increase in flavor of the smoke.
Plasma-Assisted Synthesis of NiSe<sub>2</sub> Ultrathin Porous Nanosheets with Selenium Vacancies for Supercapacitor (2018)

Two-dimensional (2D) NiSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets with porous ultrathin structure and selenium vacancies (NiSe<sub>2</sub> PNS<sub>vac</sub>) are synthesized via plasma-assisted dry exfoliation for supercapacitor. The specific capacitance of the NiSe<sub>2</sub> PNS<sub>vac</sub> is 466 F g<sup>-1</sup> in 1 M KOH electrolyte, which is much higher than those of NiSe<sub>2</sub> ultrathin nanosheeets (328 F g<sup>-1</sup>) and NiSe<sub>2</sub> particles (251 F g<sup>-1</sup>). After 1000 cycles, the specific capacitance of the NiSe<sub>2</sub> PNS<sub>vac</sub> can be well-maintained, indicating its high cycling stability. The superior performance arose from its high conductivity, short electrolyte diffusion distance, and large specific surface area.
Host−Guest Study of Left-Handed Polyproline II Helix Formation (2001)

The importance of the left-handed polyproline II (PPII) helical conformation has recently become apparent. This conformation generally is involved in two important functions: protein-protein interactions and structural integrity. PPII helices play vital roles in a variety of processes including signal transduction, transcription, and cell motility. Proline-rich regions of sequence are often assumed to adopt this structure. Remarkably, little is known about the physical determinants of this secondary structure type. In this study, we have explored the formation of PPII helices by a short poly(proline) peptide. In addition, the results from experiments used to determine the propensities for apolar residues, plus glycine, asparagine, and glutamine, to adopt this structure in a poly(proline)-based host peptide are reported here. Proline possesses the highest intrinsic propensity, with glutamine, alanine, and glycine having surprisingly high propensities. beta-Branched residues possess the lowest propensities of the residues examined. It is postulated that propensities possessed by apolar residues are due in part to peptide-solvent interactions, and that the remarkably high propensity possessed by glutamine may be due to a side chain to backbone hydrogen bond. These data are the first step toward a molecular understanding of the formation of this important, and yet little studied, secondary structure.
Comparative study of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) secretion, endocrine and exocrine function, and structural damage in chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis (CAIP). (1983)

The serum pancreatic polypeptide response to intravenous Boots secretin (1.5 U/kg), glucose tolerance, and insulin responses have been studied in 25 patients with chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis of varying severity, and these results compared with a secretin-pancreozymin test, and the structural damage noted on pancreatography. For the pancreatic polypeptide response 16 healthy subjects acted as controls. There was a marked reduction in pancreatic polypeptide response in patients with advanced structural changes of chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis compared with patients with minimal/moderate changes (p less than 0.01) and with healthy controls (p less than 0.05) although there was no difference between the latter two groups. Similarly, while the ratio of peak to mean basal pancreatic polypeptide concentration was also significantly reduced in patients with advanced changes compared with healthy controls (p less than 0.05) there was a marked degree of overlap in patients with lesser degrees of structural damage and control subjects. For all patients with chronic alcohol induced pancreatitis, however, there was a significant correlation between the pancreatic polypeptide response and each parameter of the standard secretin-pancreozymin test and with glucose tolerance and the integrated insulin response. We conclude therefore that while the secretin stimulated pancreatic polypeptide response correlates significantly with accepted tests of pancreatic structure and function, there is a significant degree of overlap in the response obtained in patients who have minimal/moderate damage and healthy controls making the test insufficiently sensitive for routine diagnostic use.
Clinical History as a Screening Test for Ankylosing Spondylitis (1977)

A controlled study of 138 subjects demonstrated that the clinical history may be sensitive (95%) and specific (85%) in the differential diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis when reliance on five specific historic features is made. Back pain that is insidious in onset, in a patient younger than 40 years, persisting for at least three months, associated with morning stiffness and improving with exercise is characteristic of inflammatory spinal disease. (<i>JAMA</i>237:2613-2614, 1977)
From the spherical to an elliptic form of the dynamic RBF neural network influence field (2003)

We introduce a new neural network architecture corresponding to the dynamic RBF with an elliptic influence field. The dynamic aspect is obtained with a self-connection, and the elliptic influence field form, by adding a supplementary RBF layer. The modified RBF neural network gives good results in monitoring applications.
The effect of hearing loss on the resolution of partials and fundamental frequency discrimination (2011)

The relationship between the ability to hear out partials in complex tones, discrimination of the fundamental frequency (F0) of complex tones, and frequency selectivity was examined for subjects with mild-to-moderate cochlear hearing loss. The ability to hear out partials was measured using a two-interval task. Each interval included a sinusoid followed by a complex tone; one complex contained a partial with the same frequency as the sinusoid, whereas in the other complex that partial was missing. Subjects had to indicate the interval in which the partial was present in the complex. The components in the complex were uniformly spaced on the ERB(N)-number scale. Performance was generally good for the two "edge" partials, but poorer for the inner partials. Performance for the latter improved with increasing spacing. F0 discrimination was measured for a bandpass-filtered complex tone containing low harmonics. The equivalent rectangular bandwidth (ERB) of the auditory filter was estimated using the notched-noise method for center frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz. Significant correlations were found between the ability to hear out inner partials, F0 discrimination, and the ERB. The results support the idea that F0 discrimination of tones with low harmonics depends on the ability to resolve the harmonics.
Treatment of multiple sclerosis: beyond the NICE guidelines (2005)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common, disabling neurological condition whose pathogenesis is not clearly understood. Although current treatment recommendations assume an immunopathogenic disease mechanism, MS may not be an autoimmune disorder. Long-term immunological therapy for MS is in our view an untested approach, guided by uncritical acceptance of data from drug trials. We do not believe that there is convincing evidence that any of these immune-based treatments prevents long-term disease progression, or has much effect on common disabilities such as fatigue, pain, depression and cognitive impairment. The recent recommendations of the National Institute of Clinical Excellence did not address important issues regarding disease modification, management of paroxysmal symptoms and the likely therapeutic candidates for future treatment trials. We discuss treatment options for MS beyond the NICE guidelines.
The Singularity Is near: When Humans Transcend Biology (2006)

A radical and optimistic view of future course of human development from Ray Kurzweil, whom Bill Gates calls the best person I know at predicting future of artificial intelligence.
A synthesis of acronycine (1970)

Improved syntheses of certain O-and N-methyl derivatives of 1,3-dihydroxy-acridone are described. Thermal rearrangement of the appropriate 3-α,α-dimethyl-propargyl ethers in the series yields products which may be methylated to acronycine.
Fractal model for the ac response of a rough interface (1985)

A fractal model is proposed for a rough interface between two materials of very different conductivities, e.g., an electrode and an electrolyte. The equivalent circuit of the model, which takes into consideration the resistance in the two substances and the capacitance of the interface, has the property of the so-called constant-phase-angle element, i.e., a passive circuit element whose complex impedance has a power-law singularity at low frequencies. The exponent of the frequency dependence is related to the fractal dimension. The model also provides insight into the conducting properties of the percolating cluster and the source of the 1/f noise in electronic components.
Receiver Design of Uplink Control and Shared Channel in 4G-LTE (2015)

This Work focuses on the Receiver Design of Physical Up link Control Channel (PUCCH) and Physical Up link Shared Channel (PUSCH) which includes different channel estimation techniques and different equalization techniques. Simulations are done in Mat lab to verify algorithms. In addition to estimation and equalization algorithms, here i presented Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) decoding algorithm for PUSCH and PUCCH.
Compact Silicon Carbide Switch For High Voltage Operation (2008)

Vanadium compensated, 6H silicon carbide (SiC) is investigated as a compact, high-power, linear-mode photoconductive semiconductor switch (PCSS) material. SiC is an attractive material due to its high resistivity, high electrical breakdown strength, and long recombination times compared to other photoconductive materials. The PCSS is designed for fast-rise time, low-jitter (sub-nanosecond) operation in a matched 50 mu test bed. Ohmic contacts were applied by physical vapor deposition and initial test utilized an external Nd:YAG laser trigger source. Analysis of the optical properties of Va-compensated SiC and of switch conduction resistance are presented and performance of contact material is discussed.
A note on the digestibility in lambs of whole, dry barley treated with ammonia (1980)

ABSTRACT Whole, dry barley treated with ammonia (A), whole, untreated barley (WU) or ground barley (G) were fed with hay and a little high protein concentrate to 7 to 11-month-old lambs. Most apparent digestibility coefficients were found to be 3 to 5 units higher in the diet with barley A than in diets with barley WU or G, the differences being significant. Calculation of the digestibility of barley by difference showed that the coefficients were 8 to 10 units higher in barley A than in barley WU or G as regards dry matter and organic matter. Digestion of crude fibre was better in both A and WU than in G. These differences were also significant.
Gas Turbine Gas Fuel Composition Performance Correction Using Wobbe Index (2010)

Gas turbine thermal performance is dependent on many external conditions, including fuel gas composition. Variations in composition cause changes in output and heat consumption during operation. Measured performance must be corrected to specified reference conditions prior to comparison against performance specifications. The fuel composition is one such condition for which performance corrections are required. The methodology of fuel composition corrections can take various forms. One current method of correction commonly used is to characterize fuel composition effects as a function of heating value and hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. This method has been used in the past within a limited range of fuel composition variation around the expected composition, yielding relatively small correction factors on the order of +/− 0.1%. Industry trends suggest that gas turbines will continue to be exposed to broader ranges of gas constituents, and the corresponding performance effects will be much larger. For example, liquefied natural gas, synthesized low BTU fuel, and bio fuels are becoming more common, with associated performance effects of +/− 0.5% or greater. As a result of these trends, performance test results will bear a greater dependency on fuel composition corrections. Hence, a more comprehensive correction methodology is required to encompass a broader range of fuel constituents encountered. Combustion system behavior, specifically emissions and flame stability, is also influenced by variations in fuel gas composition. The power generation industry uses Wobbe Index as an indicator of fuel composition. Wobbe Index relates the heating value of the fuel to its density. High variations in Wobbe Index can cause operability issues including combustion dynamics and increased emissions. A new method for performance corrections using Wobbe Index as the correlating fuel parameter has been considered. Analytical studies have been completed with the aid of thermodynamic models to identify the extent to which the Wobbe Index can be used to correlate the response of the gas turbine performance parameters to fuel gas composition. Results of the study presented in this paper suggest that improved performance test accuracy can be achieved by using Wobbe Index as a performance correction parameter, instead of the aforementioned conventional fuel characteristics. Furthermore, a relationship between this method’s accuracy and CO2 content of fuel is established such that an additional correction yields results with even better accuracy. This proposed method remains compliant with intent of internationally accepted test codes such as ASME PTC-22, ASME PTC-46, and ISO 2314.
Laboratory Air Conditioning (1953)

The American Society for Testing Materials has through its Subcommittee 14 on Conditioning and Weathering of Committee E-1 on Methods of Testing specified the temperature and humidity for the conditioning and testing of many materials. In the majority of cases, the specified conditions are suitable not only for the materials being tested, but also for the comfort and efficiency of the laboratory personnel. Although the majority of the specified conditions may vary slightly from a standard laboratory condition of 23 C (73.4 F) and 50 per cent relative humidity, the same type of air conditioning equipment with slight variations would be applicable to all. There are, however, several types of laboratories with varying fundamental air conditioning requirements. These may be divided as follows: (1) the control laboratory, (2) the research laboratory, and (3) the development laboratory. Each of these has special problems from an air conditioning standpoint. Production control laboratories are standardized throughout. Day after day, the same procedures must be carried out on the same material in the same way. Everything possible is standardized. The same number of lights, the same number of personnel, the same heat-producing equipment, and in some cases the same number of exhaust hoods removing the same volume of conditioned air from the laboratory, are all constant. This is ideal from the standpoint of air conditioning, as the function of an air conditioning system is to absorb heat from all sources, maintain constant temperature, and humidity conditions, and supply ample ventilation to protect the health of the laboratory technicians. The more nearly constant the heat sources are, the simpler will be the control of temperature and humidity.
Thermal and Athermal Effects of 2.8 GHz Microwaves on Three Human Serum Enzymes (1974)

This report presents the results of an investigation of the effects of microwave radiation in vitro on the human serum enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase. Serum specimens were treated with 2.8 GHz microwaves (l kHz square wave modulation)at an incident power density of between 400 mW/cm2 and 1000 mW/cm2. Treatments with and without micro-waves were carried out in a heat exchanger at fixed temperatures of 37°C, 46.7°C and 49.7°C for 4½ min or 18½ min. periods. Enzyme activities were determined and analyzed for the possible thermal or athermal effects of the microwave radiation. Evaluation of the data demonstrated thermally induced inactivation of all three enzymes but no athermal effects were apparent.
Entrepreneurial Intentions in Students from a Trans-National Perspective (2019)

Studying the variability of entrepreneurial attitudes within different countries is important in order to identify where attempts to increase entrepreneurial spirit and activity should focus. This article analyzes differences within multiple countries, as well the causal relationship of three attitudinal variables, namely, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm, and entrepreneurial motivations with entrepreneurial intention. We used a cross-national framework and analyzed the relation of four different countries with a sample of 800 students from Argentina (200), Chile (200), Panama (200), and Spain (200). Results show variability in all attitudes between countries with Panama rating the highest in most and Spain rating the lowest. Motivations expressed for entrepreneurship are not statistically significant between most countries, which suggests the perception of entrepreneurship as an engine for personal goals is high and similar in all four countries. Regression analysis showed subjective norm’s effect is not statistically significant in Argentina nor Chile for intentions, and Panama’s intentions are highly driven by entrepreneurial motivations. These suggest policies and programs should tap on the fairly consistent entrepreneurial spirit to capitalize on student’s interest in entrepreneurship, and pull them into training programs to strengthen their competences.
Location of functional regions of the Escherichia coli RecA protein by DNA sequence analysis of RecA protease-constitutive mutants (1986)

In previous work (E. S. Tessman and P. K. Peterson, J. Bacteriol. 163:677-687 and 688-695, 1985), we isolated many novel protease-constitutive (Prtc) recA mutants, i.e., mutants in which the RecA protein was always in the protease state without the usual need for DNA damage to activate it. Most Prtc mutants were recombinase positive and were designated Prtc Rec+; only a few Prtc mutants were recombinase negative, and those were designated Prtc Rec-. We report changes in DNA sequence of the recA gene for several of these mutants. The mutational changes clustered at three regions on the linear RecA polypeptide. Region 1 includes amino acid residues 25 through 39, region 2 includes amino acid residues 157 through 184, and region 3 includes amino acid residues 298 through 301. The in vivo response of these Prtc mutants to different effectors suggests that the RecA effector-binding sites have been altered. In particular we propose that the mutations may define single-stranded DNA- and nucleoside triphosphate-binding domains of RecA, that polypeptide regions 1 and 3 comprise part of the single-stranded DNA-binding domain, and that polypeptide regions 2 and 3 comprise part of the nucleoside triphosphate-binding domain. The overlapping of single-stranded DNA- and nucleoside triphosphate-binding domains in region 3 can explain previously known complex allosteric effects. Each of four Prtc Rec- mutants sequenced was found to contain a single amino acid change, showing that the change of just one amino acid can affect both the protease and recombinase activities and indicating that the functional domains for these two activities of RecA overlap. A recA promoter-down mutation was isolated by its ability to suppress the RecA protease activity of one of our strong Prtc mutants.
Foreign DNA introduced into the vas deferens is gained by mammalian spermatozoa (1998)

The uptake of exogenous DNA by mouse and rat spermatozoa was analyzed using in vitro and in vivo methods. Two DNA constructs were used, one containing the Growth hormone (GH) gene and the other the c-myc oncogene linked to the alphaA-crystallin promoter (CPV-1 plasmid). For the in vitro approach, washed epididymal spermatozoa were incubated for 2 hr in the presence of linearized DNA. For in vivo experiments, DNA was injected into the proximal region of the vas deferens, and spermatozoa were recovered 6 hr later. In situ hybridization employing fluorescent markers and electron microscopy were used to localize the exogenous genes in spermatozoa. The precise localization of the foreign DNA in spermatozoa was visualized by tridimensional reconstructions using a confocal laser microscopy. Uptake of exogenous DNA occurred in 60-70% of the spermatozoa after in vitro or in vivo treatments. A positive signal was detected in the sperm nucleus and was not affected by DNase treatments. Incorporation of exogenous DNA was also evaluated by slot blot and PCR techniques using the DNA isolated from the sperm nuclei and the corresponding labelled probes. Comparison of a nucleotide sequence between the DNA isolated from in vivo treated spermatozoa and CPV-1 plasmid showed a 98.6% identity. These results show the in vivo capacity of spermatozoa to incorporate exogenous DNA, the ability of this DNA to reach the nucleus, and also demonstrate that epididymal and vas deferens secretions do not block these capacities.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Antibacterial Activities of some New Schiff Base Compounds (1992)

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, M. S. University of Baroda, Baroda-390 002 <em>Manuscript received 11 June 1990, revised 9 June 1992, accepted 3 July 1992</em> Synthesis, Characterisation and Antibacterial Activities of some New Schiff Base Compounds.