gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirement for <i>engrailed</i> and <i>invected</i> genes reveals novel regulatory interactions between <i>engrailed/invected, patched, gooseberry</i> and <i>wingless</i> during <i>Drosophila</i> neurogenesis (1997)

During neurogenesis, the transmembrane protein Patched (Ptc) promotes a wingless (wg)-mediated specification of a neuronal precursor cell, NB4-2, by repressing gooseberry (gsb). In this study, novel interactions of these genes with engrailed (en) and invected (inv) during neurogenesis have been uncovered. While in row 4 cells Ptc represses gsb and wg, in row 5 cells en/inv relieve Ptc repression of gsb by a non-autonomous mechanism that does not involve hedgehog (hh). This differential regulation of gsb leads to the specification of NB5-3 and NB4-2 identities to two distinct neuroblasts. The uncoupling of the ptc-gsb regulatory circuit also enables gsb to promote Wg expression in row 5 cells. Our results suggest that the en/inv-->ptc-->gsb-->wg pathway uncovered here and the hh-->wg are distinct pathways that function to maintain wild-type level of Wg. Our results also indicate that Hh is not the only ligand for Ptc and similarly Ptc is not the only receptor for Hh.
Performance map of the water heat pipe and the phenomenon of noncondensible gas generation. (1969)

Performance curves of cylindrical water heat pipe for performance map, observing free hydrogen accumulation
Infrared Target Array Development (1980)

The US Army Yuma Proving Ground (USAYPG) was requested to develop and acquire a series of infrared targets with controllable thermal signatures to support the test and evaluation of the Target Acquisition Designation System/ Pilot Night Vision System (TADS/PNVS) subsystems of the Advanced Attack Helicopter (AAH) Fire Control System. Prior to this development effort, no capability beyond the use of real-scene targets existed at USAYPG to provide thermally active targets with characteristic signatures in the infrared band. Three targets were acquired: (1) a detection target; (2) a recognition target; and (3) a laser scoring board. It is concluded that design goals were met and the system was delivered in time to perform its function. The system provides sufficient thermal realism and has advanced the state-of-the-art of infrared imaging system test and evaluation. It is recommended that the Field Equivalent Bar Target (FEBT) system be validated as a potential test standard and that environmentally 'hardened' targets be acquired for continued thermal sight testing.
Supply of Residential Construction: A Cross-Section Examination of Recent Housing Market Behavior (1973)

M OST OF THE EXISTING government programs designed to ameliorate the housing problem concentrate on increasing the demand for housing. The success of such programs ultimately depends on the elasticity of supply. A possible rationale for these demand oriented government policies is the recurring assumption in the literature that the supply of residential construction is quite price elastic.' This view is also supported by the frequent conclusion that the availability of mortgage financing is the binding constraint on any increase in the level of the construction.2 The validity of this view of the supply side of the new unit portion of the market is open to question. Cross-section data on the market for the 1965-1968 period are used in this paper to estimate demand and supply functions for residential construction. These empirical observations of the behavior of residential construction in a
An hierarchical asset valuation method for information security risk analysis (2012)

The widespread use of information technology transforms businesses continuously and rapidly. Information technology introduces new threats to organizations as well. Risk analysis is an important tool in order to make correct decisions and to deal with cyber threats. Identification and valuation of assets is a crucial process that must be performed in risk analyses. Without properly identified and valued assets, the results of risk analyses lead to wrong decisions. Wrong decisions on information security may directly affect corresponding business processes. There are some finished and applied methods in literature for asset identification and valuation; however these methods are complicated and are not suitable for practical information security management projects. In this paper, a hierarchy based asset valuation method is proposed. Our method is intended to minimize the common mistakes that were done during Information Security Management Projects. The application of the method has not been performed yet; however it is thought that it can ease the processes and reduce the number of errors.
A connectionist shell for developing expert decision support systems (2002)

Presents the architecture of a hybrid neural network expert system shell. The system, structured around the concept of network elements, is aimed at preserving the semantic structure of the expert system rules while incorporating the learning capability of neural networks into the inferencing mechanism. Using this architecture, every rule of the knowledge base is represented by a one or two-layer neural network element. These network elements are dynamically linked up to form the rule-tree during the inferencing process. The system is also able to adjust its inference strategy according to different users and situations. An editor is also provided to enable easy maintenance of the neural network rule elements. The shell is housed in a user-friendly rule-based interface. Two applications that are built upon the abovementioned shell are discussed, they demonstrate the strengths of the network element architecture over conventional rule-based systems.
ChsVb, a Class VII Chitin Synthase Involved in Septation, Is Critical for Pathogenicity in <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> (2007)

A new myosin motor-like chitin synthase gene, chsVb, has been identified in the vascular wilt fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Phylogenetic analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the chsVb chitin synthase 2 domain (CS2) revealed that ChsVb belongs to class VII chitin synthases. The ChsVb myosin motor-like domain (MMD) is shorter than the MMD of class V chitin synthases and does not contain typical ATP-binding motifs. Targeted disrupted single (DeltachsVb) and double (DeltachsV DeltachsVb) mutants were unable to infect and colonize tomato plants or grow invasively on tomato fruit tissue. These strains were hypersensitive to compounds that interfere with fungal cell wall assembly, produced lemon-like shaped conidia, and showed swollen balloon-like structures in hyphal subapical regions, thickened walls, aberrant septa, and intrahyphal hyphae. Our results suggest that the chsVb gene is likely to function in polarized growth and confirm the critical importance of cell wall integrity in the complex infection process of this fungus.
Decoding the attended speech stream with multi-channel EEG: implications for online, daily-life applications (2015)

Our study complements previous research and provides information suggesting that efficient low-density EEG online decoding is within reach.
The Distribution of Aquaporin Subtypes (PIP1, PIP2 and γ-TIP) is Tissue Dependent in Soybean (Glycine max) Root Nodules (2005)

PIPs and gamma-TIP aquaporins are highly expressed in both plasmalemma and tonoplast of nodule IC-cells. This distribution is consistent with the putative role of water fluxes associated with the regulation of nodule conductance to O2 diffusion and the subsequent ATP-dependent nitrogenase activity. In the endodermis, these aquaporins might also be involved in nutrient transport between the infected zone and vascular traces.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate acetate, and muramyl dipeptide stimulate the expression of a human monocyte surface antigen, Mo3e. (1985)

Exposure of mononuclear phagocytes to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), or muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is known to stimulate a variety of cellular activities that include increases in phagocytosis, oxidative metabolism, synthesis and secretion of monokines, and cytotoxicity of microbes and tumor cells. We now report that culture of human peripheral blood monocytes in medium containing LPS, phorbol compounds, or MDP also results in the acquired expression of a plasma membrane antigen. Mo3e, as identified by a murine monoclonal antibody. Mo3e is barely detectable (by immunofluorescence flow cytometry) on freshly isolated monocytes, but is expressed in high antigen density after exposure of cells to E. coli, Salmonella minnesota, or Serratia marcescens LPS (at concentrations exceeding 0.1 ng/ml), PMA (and other biologically active phorbol compounds) (0.5 to 1 X 10(-8) M), or MDP (0.01 to 1 X 10(-6) M). Mo3e expression stimulated by LPS is prevented by pretreatment of LPS with polymyxin B, suggesting that the lipid A portion of LPS is responsible for Mo3e induction (polymyxin B has no effect on Mo3e expression stimulated by PMA or MDP). Culture of monocytes in medium containing protein synthesis inhibitors (or at 4 degrees C) blocks the acquisition of Mo3e. Recombinant IFN-gamma, which is also known to "activate" mononuclear phagocytes, does not stimulate Mo3e expression, although both LPS and IFN induce enhanced expression of monocyte Ia antigen. Analogous to their stimulatory effect on monocytes, LPS and PMA induce Mo3e expression by the human monocytic cell line, U-937. On the basis of these observations, Mo3e may represent an immunologic marker for monocyte activation stimulated in vitro by LPS, PMA (and related compounds), and MDP.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, High-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy, and Extended Hückel Calculations for [Re(CO)<sub>4</sub>(thpy)] (thpy<sup>-</sup> = 2-(2-Thienyl)pyridinate). Comparison with Related Cyclometalated Complexes (1997)

We have synthesized the new cyclometalated complex [Re(CO)4(thpy)] (thpy- = 2-(2-thienyl)pyridinate) and determined the crystal and molecular structure by X-ray diffraction. By application of high-resolution optical spectroscopy to single crystals and glasses at cryogenic temperatures, the first excited state is identified as a nominally ligand-centered 3π−π* state with some 1MLCT character mixed in by spin−orbit coupling. The coefficient α describing the charge-transfer character in the wave function of the first excited state has a value of 0.019. This admixture leads to a reduced luminescence lifetime (258 μs at 10 K) and the occurrence of sidebands in the absorption and luminescence spectra which are due to metal−ligand vibrations. The parameters characterizing the first excited state are compared with the corresponding parameters of related cyclometalated and noncyclometalated complexes of Rh(III), Ir(III), and Re(I). An extended Hückel calculation was performed to identify the relevant one-electron excitations.
Revival of deuterium-labeled reagents for protein quantitation (2009)

A group of deuterium-labeled molecules that can be used for MS-based protein quantitation are synthesized, providing a cost-effective replacement of more expensive (13)C- and (15)N-labeled reagents.
The effects of acute renal failure on drug metabolism (2013)

Renal and hepatic interactions are highly complex with increasing evidence for an important relationship between AKI and hepatic metabolism. Current recommended dosing regimens are inadequate for AKI patients and much greater understanding of the interaction between the kidney and liver is required. More extensive therapeutic drug monitoring may be required to optimize drug regimens.
Spread Spectrum in a Four-Phase Communication System Employing Adaptive Antennas (1982)

This paper discusses the use of spread spectrum in a four-phase communicaton system employing adaptive antennas. A system is described that provides protection against both conventional (i.e., noise and CW) and smart (in particular, repeat) jamming with rapid acquisition of the signal at the receiver. A method is shown for generating reference signals required by the adaptive array through the use of spread spectrum. With these reference signals, the received antenna pattern can be adapted to maximize desired signal to interference and noise power ratio at the receiver. The signal acquisition technique is also described and analyzed. Analytical and experimental results demonstrate both the rapid acquisition and protection against jamming with this system.
The Nature of the Heterophilic Antibodies in Infectious Mononucleosis. I (1935)

Journal Article The Nature of the Heterophilic Antibodies in Infectious Mononucleosis. I Get access I. Davidsohn, I. Davidsohn From the Pathological Laboratories of the Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Phoebe H. Walker Phoebe H. Walker From the Pathological Laboratories of the Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, Illinois Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 5, Issue 6, 1 November 1935, Pages 455–465, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/5.6.455 Published: 01 November 1935
Augmented Numbers of HLA‐DR‐Positive T Lymphocytes in the Synovial Fluid and Synovial Tissue of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (1982)

Twenty to 40% of T cells from synovial fluid and synovial tissue and 3-11% of the peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) expressed HLA-DR antigens as detected by monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies in direct immunofluorescence. Synovial fluid and synovial tissue T lymphocytes had a stimulating capacity comparable to that of non-T cells in the allogeneic primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The MLR was inhibited by monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on in-vivo-activated T lymphocytes as stimulator cells in MLR. The results suggest that T cells from synovial fluid and synovial tissue are locally activated by stimuli so far unidentified.
Counting a suburban deer population using Forward-Looking Infrared radar and road counts (2005)

Population estimates of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are critical to advancing the process of community-based deer management. One of the first questions raised by residents of suburban areas is “How many deer live in our community?” Our objective was to evaluate the reliability and cost of helicopter-mounted Forward-Looking Infrared (FLIR) in detecting and counting a suburban white-tailed deer population as compared to road counts. We conducted 4 separate road counts 1 hour prior to sunset between June 2001-January 2002. The average number of deer counted based on road counts was 229 (SE = 10.04). We conducted 3 separate flights using a helicopter-mounted FLIR between 2000–2330 hours on 9 January 2002. The average number of deer counted using FLIR was 214 (SE = 18.7). Both population survey methods yielded similar results (P = 0.46). We recommend using FLIR in suburban areas dominated by private property where ground access or site distances may be limited, or where conducting a road count at a slow rate of speed may cause traffic congestion.
Prevalence of antibody to human T lymphotropic virus type III by risk group and area, United Kingdom 1978-84. (1985)

Antibody to human T lymphotropic virus type III (anti-HTLV-III) was sought in 2150 patients in three groups at risk with a radioimmunoassay and an immunofluorescence test. Results by the two methods were closely concordant. Anti-HTLV-III was already present in some British homosexuals in 1980 and in some British haemophiliacs in 1981, and since then its prevalence has increased. Of homosexual patients needing laboratory tests for hepatitis B virus infection in 1984, 34% of 282 in London and 5% of 955 in five centres outside London were positive for anti-HTLV-III. Of haemophiliacs sampled in 1984, 38% of 81 were anti-HTLV-III positive. Most of the seropositive haemophiliacs were regular recipients of commercial factor VIII concentrates. Few British intravenous drug abusers sampled in 1984 (2.5% of 203) were positive for anti-HTLV-III. These results show that infection with HTLV-III has rapidly become widespread among homosexuals attending sexually transmitted disease clinics and among haemophiliacs receiving pooled blood products. Thus, while many anti-HTLV-III positive individuals may remain asymptomatic, there may soon be a considerable increase in the incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and related disease in Britain.
Competing on talent analytics. (2010)

Do investments in your employees actually affect workforce performance? Who are your top performers? How can you empower and motivate other employees to excel? Leading-edge companies such as Google, Best Buy, Procter & Gamble, and Sysco use sophisticated data-collection technology and analysis to answer these questions, leveraging a range of analytics to improve the way they attract and retain talent, connect their employee data to business performance, differentiate themselves from competitors, and more. The authors present the six key ways in which companies track, analyze, and use data about their people-ranging from a simple baseline of metrics to monitor the organization's overall health to custom modeling for predicting future head count depending on various "what if" scenarios. They go on to show that companies competing on talent analytics manage data and technology at an enterprise level, support what analytical leaders do, choose realistic targets for analysis, and hire analysts with strong interpersonal skills as well as broad expertise.
Effect of Hydrogen‐Rich Water on Oxidative Stress, Liver Function, and Viral Load in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (2013)

HRW significantly attenuates oxidative stress in CHB patients, but further study with long-term treatment is required to confirm the effect of HRW on liver function and HBV DNA level.
EEG signal classification based on a Riemannian distance measure (2009)

We proposed a k-nearest neighbor EEG signal classification algorithm using a dissimilarity measure defined with a Riemannian distance. The EEG signals are characterized by curves on the manifold of power spectral density matrices. By endowing the manifold with a Riemannian metric we obtain the Riemanian distance between two points on the manifold. Based on this, the measure of dissimilarity is then defined. To best facilitate the classification of similar and dissimilar EEG signal sets, we obtain the optimally weighted Riemannian distance aiming to render signals in different classes more separable while those in the same class more compact. The motivation of the algorithm design and verification method are also provided. Experimental results are presented showing the superior performance of the new metric in comparison to the k-nearest neighbor EEG signal classification algorithm using the commonly used Kullback-Leibler (KL) dissimilarity measure.
Identification of lectin-binding proteins in Chlamydia species (1990)

Lectin-binding proteins of chlamydiae were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. All three Chlamydia species tested expressed two proteins when whole-elementary-body lysates were reacted with the biotinylated lectin Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. The protein with a molecular mass of 18 kilodaltons (kDa) responded strongly compared with a higher-molecular-mass protein that varied from 27 to 32 kDa with each chlamydia strain tested. Among six lectins tested, including concanavalin A, D. biflorus agglutinin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin, soybean agglutinin, peanut agglutinin, and wheat germ agglutinin, the latter was the only lectin that did not recognize any chlamydial protein. For each lectin that reacted against the elementary body of serovar L2 of Chlamydia trachomatis, the same two peptides, an 18-kDa peptide and a 32-kDa peptide, were revealed. These two polypeptides adhered to HeLa cell surface components. Binding of a lectin to the L2 reticulate body resulted in a reduced response at the 18-kDa peptide. The 18- and 32-kDa peptides were purified from L2 serovar elementary bodies by affinity chromatography. The two proteins isolated from a concanavalin A-agarose column maintained their lectin-binding capacities and elicited hemagglutinating properties against mouse erythrocytes. Periodate oxidation abolished the abilities of the peptides to adhere to any of the lectins tested. These results suggest that these lectin-binding proteins are glycoproteins that may be an essential factor for attachment of chlamydial organisms to host cells.
High-/Metal–Gate Stack and Its MOSFET Characteristics (2014)

Abstract—We show experimental evidence of surface phonon scattering in the high- dielectric being the primary cause of channel electron mobility degradation. Next, we show that midgap TiN metal–gate electrode is effective in screening phonon scattering in the high- dielectric from coupling to the channel under inversion conditions, resulting in improved channel electron mobility. We then show that other metal–gate electrodes, such as the ones with n+ and p+ work functions, are also effective in improving channel mobilities to close to those of the conventional SiO 2 /poly-Si stack. Finally, we demonstrate this mobility degra-dation recovery translates directly into high drive performance on high- /metal–gate CMOS transistors with desirable threshold voltages. Index Terms—Atomic layer deposition (ALD), CMOS transis-tors, Hafnium Oxide (HfO2), high- dielectric, metal–gate elec-trode, remote phonons.
The Lyme vaccine: a cautionary tale (2006)

People living in endemic areas acquire Lyme disease from the bite of an infected tick. This infection, when diagnosed and treated early in its course, usually responds well to antibiotic therapy. A minority of patients develops more serious disease, particularly after a delay in diagnosis or therapy, and sometimes chronic neurological, cardiac, or rheumatological manifestations. In 1998, the FDA approved a new recombinant Lyme vaccine, LYMErix, which reduced new infections in vaccinated adults by nearly 80%. Just 3 years later, the manufacturer voluntarily withdrew its product from the market amidst media coverage, fears of vaccine side-effects, and declining sales. This paper reviews these events in detail and focuses on the public communication of risks and benefits of the Lyme vaccine and important lessons learned.
Validación técnica de inoculantes en frijol con cepas de Rhizobium eficientes en fijación de nitrógeno en Centroamérica. (2006)

Atechnical evaluation trial was carried out to evaluate the use of inoculants in bean with efficient Rhizobium strains, in oder to obtain more information about the usefulness of this technology in the common bean production. The regional experiment was planted in 45 localities distributed in Costa Rica (20), Panama (10), Nicaragua (10) and El Salvador (5), during 1998 and 1999. The experiment included four treatments: 1. Control; 2. Inoculation; 3. Half of recommended fertilization plus inoculation; 4. Recommended fertilization (Fer Rec). The inoculant was prepared and distributed by the University of Costa Rica. The variety and the fertilization utilized in treatments 3 and 4, were the recommended in each locality. The experimental plot varied between 50 and 100 m2 and a randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Thirty-nine trials were harvested and the seed yield and production costs were registered. The analysis of variance by production areas and countries, used the yield average by location; the economic analysis used the partial budget methodology. The results showed that: a) the bean response to inoculation and/or fertilization, varied among places; b) the regional analysis indicated bean response to the inoculant utilization and in the 80% of the cases, the economic analysis selected the inoculation treatment as profit; c) with the exception of Panama, the use of half of recommended fertilization plus inoculation, was better than inoculation only.