gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antislime Coatings. Part II - Preconditioning Value of Slime for Barnacle Attachment, (1972)

Investigations of the relationship between barnacle attachment and the presence of a primary slime film on submerged surfaces has been completed. Using laboratory-reared barnacle cyprids in a statistical settlement survey, it has been determined that the number of barnacle cyprids settling on a slimed surface consistently exceeds by a factor of ten the number that settle on a cleaned control surface. Data describing the slime factor as a naturally occuring surface-preconditioning agent affecting the settlement of other sessile organisms are evaluated.
Prevention of osteoporosis by pulsed electromagnetic fields. (1989)

Using an animal model, we examined the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields, induced at a physiological frequency and intensity, to prevent the osteoporosis that is concomitant with disuse. By protecting the left ulnae of turkeys from functional loading, we noted a loss of bone of 13.0 per cent compared with the intact contralateral control ulnae over an eight-week experimental period. Using a treatment regimen of one hour per day of pulsed electromagnetic fields, we observed an osteogenic dose-response to induced electrical power, with a maximum osteogenic effect between 0.01 and 0.04 tesla per second. Pulse power levels of more or less than these levels were less effective. The maximum osteogenic response was obtained by a decrease in the level of intracortical remodeling, inhibition of endosteal resorption, and stimulation of both periosteal and endosteal new-bone formation. These data suggest that short daily periods of exposure to appropriate electromagnetic fields can beneficially influence the behavior of the cell populations that are responsible for bone-remodeling, and that there is an effective window of induced electrical power in which bone mass can be controlled in the absence of mechanical loading.
Design of optical flow switched network with generalized survivable network (2010)

Generalized Survivable Network (GSN) can improve the performance of Optical Flow Switched (OFS) network in short flow scenario (< 1 second) and enhance the application of OFS network. The design problem of OFS network with GSN becomes an important problem. In this paper, we propose a solution approach to solve the problem of designing OFS network with GSN for arbitrary mesh topologies. We demonstrate the performance of our proposed approach by some numerical experiments.
Contact‐Active Antimicrobial and Potentially Self‐Polishing Coatings Based on Cellulose (2010)

A contact-active antimicrobial coating is described that is only degraded in the presence of cellulase, which is an extracellular enzyme of numerous microbial strains. Antimicrobial DDA was grafted to a cellulose backbone via a polymeric spacer. The antimicrobial activity of the coatings, their biodegradability and their self-polishing potential were investigated. It was found that all coatings were antimicrobially active against Staphylococcus aureus. Coatings with high DS and long polymeric spacers degraded in water, while coatings with low DS and short spacers were not hydrolyzed even in the presence of cellulase. One coating was found to be selectively degradable by cellulase and recovered most of its antimicrobial activity after overloading and subsequent treatment with cellulase.
Influence of the Starchy Endosperm on α-Amylase Isozyme Levels in Barley (1997)

α-Amylase activity in malted barley seedlings is composed of the activities of the high-isoelectric point (pI) and low-pI α-amylase isozymes. In intact seedlings, the high-pI isozyme activity is roughly 10-fold greater than low-pI activity. However, in isolated aleurones treated with gibberellin (GA), low-pI activity is equal to or greater than high-pI activity. Therefore, α-amylase expression during malting must be controlled by factors missing from the isolated aleurone system. The objective of this study was to determine the contribution of GA and the starchy endosperm toward producing the α-amylase isozyme levels found in intact seedlings. The possibility that the starchy endosperm could contribute to the prolonged dominance of high-pI expression seen in intact seedlings was explored by incubating isolated aleurones with GA and crude endosperm homogenates from untreated de-embryonated half-seeds. α-Amylase isozyme levels were analyzed with isoelectric focusing activity gels. The levels of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that encode them were analyzed by RNA blots. This endosperm treatment reproduced aspects of intact seedling expression by prolonging the rise in high-pI mRNA levels and increasing the secretion of high-pI enzyme. This indicates that the starchy endosperm, by virtue of a resident factor or one created during hydrolytic metabolism, contributes to the expression of the high-pI α-amylase genes in developing seedlings.
Common Exposure Outbreak of Gastroenteritis Due to Type 2 Rotavirus with High Secondary Attack Rate within Families (1979)

A sharp outbreak of gastroenteritis associated with human rotavirus type 2 involved not only all of nine infants and young children in a playgroup but also seven of 10 parents and grandparents studied. The source of the outbreak appeared to be two non-playgroup siblings. Six of 11 individuals studied shed human rotavirus type 2, and each of seven from whom paired sera were obtained developed a type 2 sero-response. Overall, evidence of infection with rotavirus type 2 was demonstrated in 10 of 11 individuals by detection of virus in stools and/or a serologic response in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Direct Ground Surface Reconstruction from Stereo Images (2013)

We propose a method for directly estimating a square grid ground surface from stereo images. We estimate the heights of all vertices in a square mesh, in which each square is divided into two triangular patches, drawn on a level plane of the ground, from a pair of images captured by nearly front-looking stereo cameras. We formulate a data term, representing the sum of the squared differences of photometrically transformed pixel values in homography-related projective triangular patches between the two stereo images, by the inverse compositional trick for both surface and photometric parameters for realizing an efficient estimation algorithm. The main difficulty of this problem formulation lies in the estimation instability for the heights of the distant vertices from the cameras, since the image projections of the distant triangular patches are crushed in the images. We effectively improve the stability by the combinational use of an additional smoothness term, update constraint term, and a hierarchical meshing approach. We demonstrate the validity of the proposed method through experiments using real images, and the usability for mobile robots by showing traversable area detection results on the ground surfaces estimated by the proposed method.
ON THE METABOLISM OF COENZYME B12 (1967)

1. Coenzyme B12 content of liver and kidney was measured by the coenzyme B12 activity in tne intramolecular oxidation-reduction reaction of α-glycol. According to Abeles the apoenzyme was prepared from Aerobacter aerogenes. Following Baker's method, coenzyme B12 was extracted from the liver and kidneys of human and some animals.2. The content of coenzyme B12 was measured in rats, rabbits, guinea pigs and human subjects. The average value of coenzyme B12 content in normal rat liver was 0.68±0.35μg/g wet weight and that of kidney was 1.88±1.08. The average value of rabbit liver was 1.18±0.25 and that of kidney 1.65±0.61, the values larger than those of rats and guinea pigs. The average value of coenzyme B12 content of human liver without liver injury was 1.23±0.31. Coenzyme B12 content of the liver and kidneys of the rat maintained on a vitamin B12-deficient diet was smaller than those of the normal rat.Coenzyme B12 content of the liver and kidney of the rat saturated with 100mμg of vitamin B12 did not differ so much from those of the normal rat. In the rats having acute liver injury due to carbon tetrachloride, the coenzyme B12 in the liver and kidneys decreased remarkably from 6 to 9 hours after liver damage, and a sign of recovery of the coenzyme content was recognized 15 hours after damage. Thereafter, the coenzyme content approached to that of the normal rat.
Summer mood in winter depressives: Validation of a structured interview (1999)

Two structured interviews, the Hypomania Interview Guide (Including Hyperthymia), for Seasonal Affective Disorder (HIGH-SAD) and its successor, the Hypomania Interview Guide (Including Hyperthymia), Retrospective Assessment Version (HIGH-R), were validated for the assessment of nondepressed spring/summer mood states in patients with DSM-III-R or DSM-IV diagnoses of Recurrent Bipolar disorder (I, II or NOS) or Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD; unipolar), both with Seasonal Pattern, and in normal control subjects (HIGH-SAD only). The instruments retrospectively rate the frequency and severity of DSM diagnostic criterion features as well as several non-DSM features. Both instruments had high internal consistency. Normal controls had lower total scores than unipolar patients, who had lower scores than bipolar patients. Total score classified 85-91% of patients with seasonal affective disorder (SAD) into the correct unipolar or bipolar group. For boundary mood cases, small subsets of features provided better classification accuracy. Based on total score, MDD patients were divided into three subgroups: euthymes (normal mood), hyperthymes (slightly elevated mood), and high-hyperthymes (scores overlapping with hypomania). With the exception of sharpened thinking, DSM items dominated patient classifications. Distinct clusters of "positive" (pleasant, agreeable) or "negative" (impairing) features described the mood states. The HIGH-R and HIGH-SAD are useful for discriminating and classifying hypomania and mania in bipolar patients, and euthymia and hyperthymia in unipolar patients.
The effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation on the <i>in vivo</i> generation of xylooligosaccharides and monosaccharides in broilers fed a wheat-based diet (2020)

1. This study quantified xylanase-induced changes in soluble monosaccharides, xylooligosaccharides (XOS) and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents of the different sections of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and whether these were related to altered bird performance. 2. An <i>in vitro</i> digestion of the wheat-based diet was carried out with the xylanase (Econase XT at 16,000BXU/kg diet) to compare the <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> generation of these XOS and monosaccharides. For the <i>in vivo</i> study, 80 male Ross 508 b roiler chicks were split into two groups fed a wheat-based diet with or without Econase XT (16,000BXU/kg diet) for 21 days. 3. There were no effects of Econase XT inclusion on growth performance characteristics, likely a result of the high-quality wheat diet, the corresponding high performance of the control group (FCR average of 1.45 in controls) and the relatively young age of the birds (from four to 26 days of age). 4. Econase XT supplementation increased the xylotetraose (X<sub>4</sub>) content in the colon (P = 0.046, enzyme x GIT section interaction) and the xylose contents in the colon and caeca (P < 0.001, enzyme x GIT section interaction). 5. The trend for increased acetate production in the caeca of Econase XT treated birds (P = 0.062) suggested that the XOS generated were subsequently fermented in the caeca, potentially impacting upon the types of microbiota present. 6. The present study suggested that wheat arabinoxylan degradation was enhanced by xylanase supplementation, which may have increased the production of beneficial volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the caeca, and thereby potentially modulated the caecal microbiome, but without affecting bird performance at this early age.
Effects of acute and chronic social defeat stress are differentially mediated by the dynorphin/kappa-opioid receptor system (2015)

Accumulating evidence indicates that kappa-opioid receptors (KORs) and their endogenous ligand, dynorphin (DYN), can play important roles in regulating the effects of stress. Here, we examined the role of KOR systems in the molecular and behavioral effects of acute (1-day) and chronic (10-day) social defeat stress (SDS) in mice. We found that acute SDS increased DYN mRNA levels within the nucleus accumbens, a key element of brain dopamine (DA) systems. In contrast, chronic SDS produced long-lasting decreases in DYN mRNA levels. We then examined whether disruption of KOR function would affect development of SDS-induced depressive-like behaviors, as measured in the intracranial self-stimulation and social interaction tests. Ablation of KORs from DA transporter-expressing neurons delayed the development of SDS-induced anhedonia in the intracranial self-stimulation test, suggesting increased stress resilience. However, administration of the long-lasting KOR antagonist JDTic (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) before the SDS regimen did not affect anhedonia, suggesting that disruption of KOR function outside DA systems can oppose stress resilience. Social avoidance behavior measured after the 10-day SDS regimen was not altered by ablation of KORs in DA transporter-expressing neurons or by JDTic administration before testing. Our findings indicate that KORs expressed in DA systems regulate the effects of acute, but not chronic, social stress.
Deep Fabry-Perot Halpha Observations of NGC 7793: a Very Extended Halpha Disk and a Truly Declining Rotation Curve (2008)

Deep Halpha observations of the Sculptor Group galaxy NGC 7793 were obtained on the ESO 3.60m and the Marseille 36cm telescopes at La Silla, Chile. Halpha emission is detected all the way to the edge of the HI disk, making of the HII disk of NGC 7793 one of the largest ever observed in a quiet non-AGN late-type system. Even in the very outer parts, the HII ionizing sources are probably mainly internal (massive stars in the disk) with an unlikely contribution from the extragalactic ionizing background. The Halpha kinematics confirms what had already been seen with the HI observations: NGC 7793 has a truly declining rotation curve. However, the decline is not Keplerian and a dark halo is still needed to explain the rotation velocities in the outer parts.
THYMOSIN BETA 4 LEVELS IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS (1990)

Shah, Urvish K.; Weller, Frederick; Haupt, Marilyn T.; Mutchnick, Milton G. Author Information
Neural network based recognition of flow injection patterns (1993)

Response patterns produced from a flow injection (FI) system employing sodium, potassium and calcium ion-selective electrodes as detectors were used for training and testing back-propagation neural networks. A variety of different network parameters were investigated including a study of the effects of variation of the learning rate coefficient and the momentum on the rate of training. The networks studied demonstrated the ability to recognize the identity of sample components even in FI patterns severely distorted by noise addition, peak height variation and baseline shift.
Self-compression of femtosecond laser pulses and full-dimensional spatiotemporal optical soliton formation (2003)

We have shown, for the first time to our knowledge, that the self-compression of high intensity femtosecond optical pulses, preceding by self-focussing, is a general phenomenon that can be observed in different optical media, providing proper control of the experimental conditions. This has been experimentally confirmed in a number of atomic (Ar, Kr) and molecular (CH/sub 4/) gaseous media and in bulk solid material (fused silica). The full space-time trapping of the femtosecond pulses results in the generation (for the first time to our knowledge) of a full-dimensional spatiotemporal soliton (light bullet.
A Model for Selecting, Routing, and Loading Aircraft (1966)

Description of a model for analyzing three problems that confront those who plan and operate military cargo aircraft: selecting preferred fleets, routing aircraft between onload and offload points, and loading military cargo. Under certain simplifying assumptions, the model presented provides the desired synthesis of solving simultaneously the routing, loading, and aircraft selection problems. Although each problem has been studied extensively in the past, this is a first attempt to combine them all in a single framework. 48 pp.
Spin dynamics in magnetic films patterned into dots and wires (1999)

An experimental study of spin wave quantization in arrays of micron size magnetic Ni80Fe20 islands (dots and wires) by means of Brillouin light scattering spectroscopy is reported. Dipolar-dominated spin wave modes laterally quantized in a single island with quantized wavevector values determined by the size of the island are studied. In the case of wires the frequencies of the modes and the transferred wavevector interval, where each mode is observed, are calculated. The results of the calculations are in a good agreement with the experimental data. In the case of circular dots the frequencies of the lowest observed modes decrease with increasing distance between the dots, thus indicating an essential dynamic magnetic dipole interaction between the dots with small interdot distances.
Functional Differences between Stat3α and Stat3β (1997)

Stat3beta is a short form of Stat3 that differs from the longer form (Stat3alpha) by the replacement of the C-terminal 55 amino acid residues of Stat3alpha by 7 residues specific to Stat3beta. In COS cells transfected with Stat3 expression plasmids, both Stat3alpha and Stat3beta were activated for DNA binding and transcription by the same set of growth factors and cytokines and both, when activated, formed homodimers and heterodimers with Stat1. Only Stat3beta was active in the absence of added cytokine or growth factor. Activation of each form, including constitutive activation of Stat3beta, was correlated with the phosphorylation of tyrosine 705. Activated Stat3beta in transfected COS cells was more stable and had greater DNA-binding activity than activated Stat3alpha. However, relative to DNA-binding activity, Stat3alpha showed greater transcriptional activity than Stat3beta. A mutant of Stat3alpha lacking its highly acidic C-terminal 48 amino acids had properties indistinguishable from Stat3beta. We conclude that Stat3alpha and Stat3beta have significantly different properties due to the presence or absence of the acidic C-terminal tail of Stat3alpha rather than the C-terminal sequence peculiar to Stat3beta. In addition to its effect on transcription, we speculate that the acidic tail may destabilize the active dimeric form of Stat3alpha, resulting in lower DNA-binding activity of the Y705-phosphorylated form compared to Stat3beta and in more rapid dephosphorylation.
Industrial processing effects on chestnut fruits (<i>Castanea sativa</i> Mill.) 3. Minerals, free sugars, carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins (2010)

Summary The major aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of industrial processing on the composition of minerals, free sugars, vitamins and pigments in fruits of chestnut cultivars at four stages of industrial processing (A–fresh; B–after 3 months storage at ± 0 °C and relative humidity = 90%; C–after flame peeling at 800 °–1000 °C for 1–2 s; D–after freezing in a tunnel with a CO 2 flow at −65 °C for 15–20 min) from two harvest years. Potassium and phosphorous were predominant in the fruits of all cultivars for both harvest years. Calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc and manganese were also present in the fruits. Fruits from both harvest years had a significant content of free sugars, with sucrose predominating, and these sugars were more affected by the processing stage. Significant levels of lutein, lutein esters, γ‐tocopherol and vitamin C were also found in the chestnut fruits. Fruit carotenoids and vitamin C significantly decreased during the industrial processing.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Using Glycoprotein and Monoclonal Antibody for Detecting Antibodies to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Serotype New Jersey (2009)

In this study, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using glycoprotein and a monoclonal antibody (MAb) was developed for the detection of antibodies to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) serotype New Jersey (NJ). The glycoprotein to be used as a diagnostic antigen was extracted from partially purified VSV-NJ, and a neutralizing MAb specific to VSV-NJ was incorporated to compete with antibodies in a blocking ELISA using glycoprotein (GP ELISA). The cutoff of the GP ELISA was set at 40% inhibition, which corresponded to a virus neutralization test (VNT) titer of 32. With this threshold, the GP ELISA exhibited 99.6% specificity for naïve sera (n = 3,005) from cattle (n = 1,040), pigs (n = 1,120), and horses (n = 845) from domestic farms. The GP ELISA did not cross-react with sera positive for foot-and-mouth disease virus, swine vesicular disease virus, or VSV serotype Indiana. The GP ELISA was more compatible with the VNT than was the nucleocapsid-based ELISA for VSV-NJ-positive sera (n = 19). Taken together, this GP ELISA could be a useful tool as an alternative to the VNT for detecting antibodies specific to VSV-NJ.
Tribological Properties of Hard Carbon Films on Zirconia Ceramics (1996)

Abstract In this study, the authors investigated the tribological properties of hard diamondlike carbon (DLC) films on magnesia-partially stabilized zirconia (MgO-PSZ) substrates over a wide range of bads, speeds, temperatures, and counterface materials. The films were 2 μm thick and produced by ion-beam deposition at room temperature. Tribological tests were conducted on a ball-on-disk machine with MgO-PSZ balls, in open air of 30 to 50% relative humidity under contact loads of 1 to 50 N, at sliding velocities of 0.1 to 6 m/s, and at temperatures of 400°C. Al2O3 and Si3N4 balls were also rubbed against the DLC-coaled MgO-PSZ disks, primarily to assess their friction and wear performance and to compare it with that of MgO-PSZ balls. A series of long-duration lifetime tests was run at speeds of 1, 2, and 6 m/s under a 5 N load to assess the durability of these DLC films. Results showed that the friction coefficients of MgO-PSZ balls sliding against MgO-PSZ disks were 0.5-0.8, and the average specific wear rates of MgO-PSZ balls ranged from 1 × 10−5 to 5 × 10−4 mm3/N·m, depending on sliding velocity, contact load, and ambient temperature. The friction coefficients of MgO-PSZ balls sliding against the DLC-coaled MgO-PSZ disks ranged from 0.03 to 0.1. The average specific wear rates of MgO-PSZ, balls were reduced by three to four orders of magnitude when rubbed against the DLC-coaled disks. These DLC films could last 1.5 to 4 million cycles, depending on sliding velocity. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-laser Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the microstructural and chemical nature of the DLC films and worn surfaces. KEY WORDS: Solid LubricationCeramicsFrictionWear
Production Characteristics of Sheet and Channelized Turbidite Reservoirs, Garden Banks 236 Field, Gulf of Mexico (1998)

The Garden Banks 236 Field is located in 700 feet (213 m) water depth in the northern Gulf of Mexico, and is situated about 150 miles (240 km) from Lafayette, Louisiana (U.S.A.). Dry gas is produced from middle Pleistocene (lllinoian) turbidites situated on two separate present-day geologic structures. This paper will address the production characteristics of the Block 191 structure which began producing in 1993 and has produced over 210 BCF cumulative gas to date from turbidite sheet (4500' Sand) and channel (8500' Sand) sand reservoirs. Understanding the distribution of shale breaks within both reservoir types is critical to managing the reservoirs because the shales compartmentalize gas production and control water encroachment through the gas reservoirs.