gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Organization of Water-Containing Nafion: A Cellular-Automaton-Based Simulation (2002)

Using the cellular-automaton-based simulation technique, we study the processes of self-organization in the systems of comb-like copolymers with strongly attracting (end-functionalized) side-chains in the presence of low-molecular-weight water-like solvent. This molecular level modeling reflects the basic features of the specific structural organization of perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer (Nafion) with certain amount of physisorbed water. We compare the simulation data with the existing phenomenological models used in the literature to describe the structural features of water-swollen ionomer membranes and the results of our previous calculations based on the mutually consistent integral equation theory and the chemically realistic rotational isomeric state (RIS) model. Our attention is focused on the effect of water on the local aggregate structure, the shape of mixed, water-containing aggregates, and on system morphology.
High power durable electrodes for GHz band SAW duplexers (2002)

We have been successful in developing a high power durable electrode for GHz band SAW filter. We previously reported that we developed a 4-layered AlScCu/Ti/AlScCu/Ti electrode of high power durability which, in the 800 MHz band, made it possible for SAW filters to be applied to antenna duplexers. This electrode is suitable for mass-production, too. But, the power durability of this electrode was insufficient for the 1.9 GHz band SAW duplexers. It is certain that the reason for this electrode having a shorter lifetime than that of 800 MHz band SAW filters is the SAW stress that increases proportionally to the frequency. Therefore, we examined the potential of AlMgCu/Ti/AlMgCu/Ti and AlZrCu/Ti/AlZrCu/Ti. Moreover, we optimized the structure of 4-layered electrode. In power durability evaluations, each electrode lifetime was estimated to be more than 50,000 hours at an ambient temperature of 50/spl deg/C an input power of 29 dBm. This result indicates sufficient power durability for GHz band SAW duplexers.
REPRESENTATION SCHEMES FOR MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING MODELS (1988)

Because of the difficulties often experienced in formulating and understanding large scale models, much current research is directed towards developing systems to support the construction and understanding of management science models. This paper discusses seven different methods for representing mathematical programming models during the formulation phase of the modeling process. The approaches discussed are block-schematic, algebraic, three different kinds of graphical schemes, a database-oriented approach and Structured Modeling. We emphasize representations that have graphical elements suitable for incorporation in the interface to a modeling system. The different methods are compared using a common example and the transformations that allow one to go from one representation to another are discussed.
Circular Overmoded Waveguide for Shipboard Use (1993)

ABSTRACT Several future Navy combat systems under development require efficient delivery of high power microwave energy from remote transmitters to array antennas. To achieve this requirement, a family of microwave components has been developed and tested. Progress is described in the design and testing of an overmoded circular TE 01 mode waveguide applicable to special shipboard needs. Because such a waveguide had originally been developed for low power millimeter band trunkline communications between cities, new theoretical, design, and fabrication techniques had to be developed to meet our specific performance requirements. Moreover, in order to fulfill the combat system requirements, the waveguide would have to withstand harsh military requirements. Over several years the obstacles to the application of overmoded technology to Navy combat systems have been systematically eliminated. The effort has resulted in the invention of several new components, the development and validation of a new computer aided design package, and the implementation of new microwave measurement techniques. The first application of an overmoded waveguide to a combat system element was recently achieved in the successful demonstration of the prototype Cooperative Engagement Capability, and steps toward a production military version of the waveguide have been initiated.
OCEAN/ATMOSPHERE HISTORY AND CARBONATE PRECIPITATION RATES: A SOLUTION TO THE “DOLOMITE PROBLEM”? (2000)

this paper, we consider how long-term tectonic conditions and their effecl on the surface environment of tlie earth interacted with the global carbonate cycle during tlie liothouse (greenhouscj-icehouse trailsition of the past 100 million years. Using the recalculated outl~ut of tlie Berncr, Lasaga, and Garrels (BLAG) geochemical liiodel as a template (Berncr et al., 1983; Lasaga et nl., 1985), we computed changes in seawater carbonate chemistry for tlie past 100 m.y. Experimenlal dolomile and calcite precipitation rate data as a function of environmental conditions were used lo calculate the ratio of rates of doloiiiitc ant1 calcite precipilatioli rates during this period of time. We conclude from these model calculations that the observed decrease in the ratio of dololiiite to calcite ill sedimentary carbonates deposited since tlic Late Cretaceous transgression was a ~.esult of changes in tlie ocean s;~turatioll state with respect to carbonate minerals and global sul-face temperature. Thus, the solutiou to the c1;lssical dolomite problenl (nay lie in relatively sriiall but coupled changes in the composition and temperature of tlie atmosphere and seawater.
Biopsychosocial model of disease: 40 years on. Which way is the pendulum swinging? (2017)

The biopsychosocial model came to prominence in 1977 when it was introduced by Engel1 who argued against the reductionist biomedical model of disease and for concomitant consideration of behavioural, psychological and social dimensions in understanding a person's medical condition. This conceptual model was initially proposed within the field of psychiatry, but it quickly expanded to other fields of medicine. In 1987, Waddell2 proposed a new conceptual model for the treatment of chronic low back pain, which encompassed the biopsychosocial framework and brought it into the sphere of musculoskeletal disorders.

Few would question the merits of the model as it is unreasonable to separate the person and their personal circumstances from their medical condition and to regard physical and psychosocial components as independent entities. The model has relevance for all musculoskeletal pain states, acute or chronic, but it has been most widely advocated in chronic pain disorders.3 It has wide perspectives and promotes consideration and evaluation of all potential biological, psychological and social determinants of a …
Constraints to waste utilization and disposal (1995)

The value of coal combustion by-products for various applications is well established by research and commercial practice worldwide. As engineering construction materials, these products can add value and enhance strength and durability while simultaneously reducing cost and providing the environmental benefit of reduced solid waste disposal. In agricultural applications, gypsum-rich products can provide plant nutrients and improve the tilth of depleted soils over large areas of the country. In waste stabilization, the cementitious and pozzolanic properties of these products can immobilize hazardous nuclear, organic, and metal wastes for safe and effective environmental disposal. Although the value of coal combustion by-products for various applications is well established, the full utilization of coal combustion by-products has not been realized in most countries. The reasons for the under utilization of these materials include attitudes that make people reluctant to use waste materials, lack of engineering standards for high-volume uses beyond eminent replacement, and uncertainty about the environmental safety of coal ash utilization. More research and education are needed to increase the utilization of these materials. Standardization of technical specifications should be pursued through established standards organizations. Adoption of uniform specifications by government agencies and user trade associations should be encouraged. Specifications should address real-world application properties, such as air entrainment in concrete, rather than empirical parameters (e.g., loss on ignition). The extensive environmental assessment data already demonstrating the environmental safety of coal ash by-products in many applications should be more widely used, and data should be developed to include new applications.
Reduction of 10-methylacridinium ion by alkenes via photoinduced electron transfer (1993)

The photoaddition reactions of various alkenes with 10-methylacridinium ion occur efficiently in methanol to yield the adducts in which the methoxy group from methanol is generally introduced in the less substituted sp2 carbon under irradiation of the visible light. In the case of photochemical reaction of cyclohexene with AcrH+, however, cyclohexene adduct with no incorporation of methoxy group from methanol was obtained as well as the methoxy-incorporated adduct. When a sterically hindered alkene, 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene is employed, no methoxy group is incorporated in the adduct. On the other hand, the photoaddition of but-2-ene affords two regioisomers, the ratio of which varies slightly depending on the cis- and trans-isomers as well as reaction temperature. The reaction mechanism involving photoinduced electron transfer from alkenes to the singlet excited state of 10-methylacridinium ion provides a comprehensive and confirmative basis for understanding the product distributions, the fluorescence quenching by alkenes, and the dependence of quantum yields on the alkene concentrations.
Unraveling the Thermodynamics of the Folding and Interconversion of Human Telomere G‐Quadruplexes (2016)

Abstract Why human telomere DNA fragments fold into different G‐quadruplex structures with parallel, hybrid, and antiparallel strand orientations depending on the temperature and concentration of co‐solutes remains poorly understood. Similarly, the formation of intermediate structures along the folding or interconversion pathways is not well understood. Herein, we address these questions by introducing a conceptual framework, based on the global thermodynamic analysis of DSC and CD spectroscopy data, which led to a detailed description of the topological phase space (phase diagram) of the stability of the human telomere fragment 5′‐AGGG(TTAGGG) 3 ‐3′ (Tel22). This framework clarifies the driving forces of quadruplex folding and interconversion processes over a wide range of temperatures and ion (K + , Na + ) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations and demonstrates their linkage to the human telomere DNA structural features.
Collimated Light Acoustooptic Lateral Shearing Interferometer (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. F. Ebersole and J. C. Wyant, "Collimated Light Acoustooptic Lateral Shearing Interferometer," Appl. Opt. 13, 1004-1005 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High Selectivity with Constant Phase over the Pass Band (1960)

The frequency dependence of the phase in selective circuits causes problems in systems that utilize the signal phase as a carrier of information. For example, in a Doppler system the phase change originating within the receiver represents an error in the measurement. A relatively simple method for compensation of phase shifts in filters, resulting in a constant output signal phase, has been developed. In principle, the signal frequency is inverted by means of a mixer, and the signal is passed through a filter to create a phase shift in one direction. The signal frequency is then reinverted in another mixer, and the resulting signal is again passed through a filter which now effects a phase change in the opposite direction. By properly choosing the filter constants and combining the two signals, the two phase shifts will compensate each other, giving an output signal whose phase is independent of the frequency. The method of phase compensation is not restricted to a particular frequency range or a particular type of circuitry. What is needed in addition to conventional circuitry without phase compensation is a local oscillator and simple mixers. In some applications, a local oscillator is provided already (for example, parametric amplifiers or frequency converters), making the adaptation of the compensation principle very simple and economical.
Full‐Thickness Knee Articular Cartilage Defects in National Football League Combine Athletes Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Prevalence, Location, and Association With Previous Surgery (2012)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.
Governing multi-agent systems (2007)

In order to cope with the heterogeneity, autonomy and diversity of interests among the different agents in open multi-agent systems, several governance mechanisms have been defined. Governance mechanism enforce the behavior of agents by establishing a set of norms that describe actions that agents are prohibited, permitted or obligated to do. In this paper we present a governance mechanism that enforces not only dialogical actions but also non-dialogical ones. Although several governance mechanisms have been proposed, none of them satisfactorily deals with non-dialogical actions. Our proposed mechanism is based on testimonies provided by agents about the behavior of other agents. The governance mechanism provides decisions pointing out if norms have been violated or if false testimonies have been supplied. The decisions are based not only on testimonies and depositions provided by the agents but also on the agents’ reputations supplied by a reputation system that is part of the mechanism.
Prospects for the clinical application of neural transplantation with the use of conditionally immortalized neuroepithelial stem cells (1999)

Although neural transplantation has made a relatively successful transition from the animal laboratory to human neurosurgery for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, the use of human embryonic brain tissue as the source of transplants raises difficult ethical and practical problems. These are likely to impede the widespread use of this otherwise promising therapy across the range of types of brain damage to which the results of animal experiments suggest its potential applicability. Various alternative approaches are reviewed briefly, aimed at developing sources of tissue for transplantation that can be maintained in vitro until needed, so obviating the requirement for fresh embryonic tissue at each occasion of surgery. Particularly promising are conditionally immortalized neuroepithelial stem cell lines in which the immortalizing gene is downregulated upon transplantation into a host brain. We describe experiments from our laboratory with the use of cells of this kind, the multipotent MHP clonal cell lines, derived from the developing hippocampus of a transgenic mouse harbouring a temperature-sensitive oncogene. Implanted into the hippocampus of rats and marmosets with damage to the CA1 cell field, the MHP36 line gave rise to healthy surviving grafts and to essentially complete recovery of cognitive function. Postmortem study of the implanted rat brains indicated that MHP36 cells migrate to the region of damage, adopt both neuronal (pyramidal) and glial phenotypes in vivo, and reconstitute the normal laminated appearance of the CA1 cell field. We have previously shown that, when primary differentiated foetal tissue is used as the source of grafts in rats with CA1 damage, there is a stringent requirement for replacement with homotypic CA1 cells. We interpret our results as showing that the MHP36 cell line responds to putative signals associated with damage to the hippocampus and takes up a phenotype appropriate for the repair of this damage; they therefore open the way to the development of a novel strategy with widespread applicability to the treatment of the diseased or damaged human brain.
Online mvbf adaptation under diffuse noise environments with mimo based noise pre-filtering (2012)

A noise-robust MVBF adaptation technique under diffuse noise environments is proposed. The proposed method is compatible with online adaptation and robustness against diffuse noise by combining a semi-online diffuse noise reduction and an online MVBF adaptation technique with sparseness assumption of speech sources. The online sparseness based MVBF adaptation is sensitive to diffuse noise, because diffuse noise is not sparse. However, by using diffuse noise pre-filtering based on local Gaussian modeling which can be regarded as an optimized MIMO(Multi-Input Multi-Output) diffuse noise reduction method from the probabilistic perspective, sparseness of the microphone input signal into the latter part is expected to be improved. The proposed method is evaluated by using speech signal under diffuse noise environments, and the proposed method can reduce more noise source with less distortion than the conventional online sparseness based MVBF adaptation.
Learning with binary-valued utility using derivative adaptive critic methods (2005)

Adaptive critic methods for reinforcement learning are known to provide consistent solutions to optimal control problems, and are also considered plausible models for cognitive learning processes. This work discusses binary reinforcement in the context of three adaptive critic methods: heuristic dynamic programming (HDP), dual heuristic programming (DHP), and globalized dual heuristic programming (GDHP). Binary reinforcement arises when the qualitative measure of success is simply "pass" or "fail". We implement binary reinforcement with adaptive critic methods for the pole-cart benchmark problem. Results demonstrate two qualitatively dissimilar classes of controllers: those that replicate the system stabilization achieved with quadratic utility, and those that merely succeed at not dropping the pole. It is found that the GDHP method is effective for learning an approximately optimal solution, with results comparable to those obtained via DHP that uses a more informative, quadratic utility function.
Spectral information and distinguishability in type-II down-conversion with a broadband pump (1997)

A model is presented to describe spontaneous type-II parametric down-conversion pumped by a broadband source. This process differs from the familiar cw-pumped down-conversion in that a broader range of pump energies is available for down-conversion. The properties of the nonlinear crystal determine how these energies are distributed into the down-converted photons. Because the two photons are polarized along different crystal axes, they have different spectral characteristics and are no longer exactly anticorrelated. As the pump bandwidth is increased, this effect becomes more pronounced. A fourth-order interference experiment is proposed, illustrating some of the features of broadband pumped down-conversion.
Multicenter cross-sectional analysis of values of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Polish children and adolescents with long-term type 1 diabetes in Poland: PolPeDiab study group. (2012)

In more than 50% of Polish children with longer t1DM duration, the international target of glycaemic control (HbA1c) is achieved; however, only 18% of them reached Polish national target. Age, t1DM duration and centre-specific factors influence the HbA1c values.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response of trastuzumab emtansine in advanced breast cancer previously treated with ≥2 HER2‐targeted regimens (2017)

Exposure-response relationships for efficacy were inconsistent across exposure metrics. HRs for survival in patients in the lowest T-DM1 exposure quartile vs. matched TPC-treated patients suggest that, compared with TCP, the approved T-DM1 dose is unlikely to be detrimental to patients with low exposure.
1‐Iminoalkylimidazoles <i>via</i> cuprous imidazolide (1984)

Abstract 1‐Iminoalkylimidazoles are obtained from the novel reaction of cuprous imidazolide with alkyl halides and nitriles. The condensation produces a new class of imidazole derivatives and the ease of the reactions suggests a reasonable scope. The compound N ‐(1‐ N ‐ t ‐butylimino)ethylimidazole exhibits nematicidal activity against larvae of Meloidogyne javanica at 1 ppm.
Arteriolar endothelial cell barrier separates two populations of muscarinic receptors (1992)

The endothelium of arterioles can function as a barrier to diffusion of hydrophilic molecules when studied in vitro. Thus a substance applied to one side of the arteriole is relatively ineffective in reaching receptors on the opposite side of the vessel wall unless it is lipid soluble. To study the receptor populations on the two sides of the arteriolar endothelium, we used micropipettes to apply methacholine (MCh; 1.0 microM), either luminally or adventitially, for 5 s to the arterioles of the cheek pouch of pentobarbital-anesthetized hamsters. MCh equally dilated the arterioles regardless of the side of application. That different populations of receptors are located on either side of the arteriole was shown by the fact that adventitially applied hydrophilic methscopolamine was ineffective in blocking the effects of the luminally applied MCh but completely blocked the effects of abluminally applied MCh. In contrast, the luminal population of receptors was easily blocked by adventially applied scopolamine, which is lipophilic. Separate and independent populations of receptors in the vessel wall suggests the potential for differential control between humoral and adventitial sources of vasoactive metabolites.
<title>Loss measurements in electro-optic polymer waveguides</title> (1993)

We report loss measurements in polymer-bound Disperse Red I slab and photodelineated channel waveguides. Losses resulting from electronic charge-transfer and vibrational carbon- hydrogen stretch overtone absorptions, trans to cis isomerization, exposure to visible or ultraviolet (UV) light and changes in dye pendant group number density are investigated. A waveguide absorption spectrometer is described which can measured waveguide losses (alpha) ((lambda) ) from 600 - 1800 nm. Absorption losses are compared to the wavelength dependent electro-optic coefficient r<SUB>33</SUB>((lambda) ) and a figure-of-merit r<SUB>33</SUB>((lambda) )/(alpha) ((lambda) ) is determined for the material.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Hindered Amines and α‐ Trifluoromethylamines from Ketones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relationship of hypolipidemia to cytokine concentrations and outcomes in critically ill surgical patients (2001)

Low cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations found in critically ill surgical patients correlate with interleukin-6, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, and interleukin-10 concentrations and predict clinical outcomes.
Tibiofemoral relationship following anatomic triple‐bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2013)

Therapeutic study, Level IV.