gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous and ionizing radiation-induced chromosomal abnormalities in p53-deficient mice. (1995)

Chromosomal abnormalities have been assessed in p53-deficient mice. The in vivo frequency of spontaneous stable aberrations in bone marrow cells was elevated by approximately 20-fold in p53 nulls and 13-fold in p53 heterozygotes compared to wild-type. No excessive induction of stable aberrations by gamma-irradiation was observed, but p53 deficiency resulted in excess radiation-induced hyperploidy (> 10-fold wild-type frequency). No influence of p53 genotype on sister chromatid exchange or G2 chromatid damage was observed in mitogen-stimulated spleen cell cultures; however, a p53 effect on postirradiation mitotic entry was seen. Abnormalities in chromosome segregation and mitotic delay following irradiation in p53-deficient mice suggest a G2-M checkpoint role for p53 and are broadly consistent with data on tumorigenesis in these animals.
Cortical reorganization following anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (2009)

This study demonstrates that the cortical language network is affected differently by the left and right temporal lobe epilepsy and is reorganized after anterior temporal lobectomy.
Doppler-Related Distortions in TOPS SAR Images (2014)

A direct consequence of the TOPS acquisition geometry and the steering in azimuth of the antenna is the time-varying Doppler centroid within bursts. If this fact is not properly accommodated during SAR image formation, undesired distortions in both azimuth and range dimensions of the focused SAR images may appear. Azimuth distortions are caused by the local mismatch of both squint and topography. Range distortions arise from the inaccurate accommodation of the intrapulse motion of the platform, usually known as the stop-and-go approximation. Conventional spaceborne SAR image formation schemes will be, in general, unable to provide accurate TOPS SAR images. These distortions are discussed and evaluated for exemplary low-Earth-orbit SAR scenarios. Compensation strategies are presented and validated with TerraSAR-X TOPS data. A discussion of the potential impact on the Sentinel-1 interferometric-wide-swath and extra-wide-swath modes (i.e, TOPS) is also given.
Attenuation characteristics of fiberoptic plates for digital mammography and other X-ray imaging applications. (2003)

Spatially coherent fiberoptic plates are important components of some charge-coupled device (CCD)-based x-ray imaging systems. These plates efficiently transmit scintillations from the phosphor, and also filter out x-rays not absorbed by the phosphor, thus protecting the CCD from direct x-ray interaction. The thickness of the fiberoptic plate and the CCD package present a significant challenge in the design of a digital x-ray cassette capable of insertion into the existing film-screen cassette holders of digital mammography systems. This study was performed with an aim to optimize fiberoptic plate thickness. Attenuation measurements were performed on nine fiberoptic plates varying in material composition that exhibit desirable optical characteristics such as good coupling efficiency. Mammographic spectra from a clinical mammographic system and an Americium-241 (Am-241) source (59.54 KeV) were used. The spectra were recorded with a high-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based spectrometer and corrected for dead time and pile-up. The linear attenuation coefficients varied by a factor of 3 in the set of tested fiberoptic plates at both mammographic energies and 59.54 keV. Our results suggest that a 3-mm thick high-absorption plate might provide adequate for shielding at mammographic energies. A thickness of 2-mm is feasible for mammographic applications with further optimization of the fiberoptic plate composition by incorporating non-scintillating, high-atomic number material. This would allow more space for cooling components of the cassette and for a more compact device, which is critical for clinical implementation of the technology.
Coercivity mechanisms in lithographed antidot arrays (2008)

The broad prospects for the practical uses of magnetic nanostructures make the control of their magnetization reversal processes a very relevant research field, particularly considering that different processes, associated to largely different sets of hysteretic parameters, can be implemented through the control of the shape and size of the nanostructures. We analyze in this work, within the framework of a micromagnetic model, the magnetization reversal processes occurring in antidot arrays and, in particular, the efficiency of these arrays as i) pinning structures for the propagation of externally to the array nucleated domain walls and ii) nucleation centers for the magnetization reversal processes from within the array. From our simulational analysis, whose results we have experimentally validated, it is concluded that the measurement of the angular dependence of the coercive force can be used as a useful tool to identify the actually occurring reversal process.
Early intervention studies in infants and preschool children with cystic fibrosis: are we ready? (2013)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease starts early in life and progresses even in the absence of clinical symptoms. Therefore, sensitive outcome measures to quantify and track these early abnormalities in infants and young children are needed; both for clinical care and interventional trials. Currently, the efficacy of most therapeutic interventions in CF has not been tested in children under the age of 6 years and drug development programmes have focused on assessing safety rather than efficacy in this age group. This article summarises the current status for outcome measures that can be utilised in clinical trials in infants and children with CF. Two methodologies are specifically highlighted in this review; chest computed tomography to assess structural damage of the lung and multiple breath washout as a technique to quantify ventilation inhomogeneity. While not all questions regarding the utility of these outcome measures in infants and young children have been resolved, significant advances have been made and it now appears feasible to design and conduct adequately powered efficacy studies in this age group. This could be a crucial step to further improve outcomes in CF patients as initiating effective treatment early is considered essential to prevent permanent lung damage.
Neuropeptide Y1 and Y5 Receptors Mediate the Effects of Neuropeptide Y on the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis (2002)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is one of the most important hypothalamic-derived neuropeptides mediating the effects of leptin on energy homeostasis. Central administration of NPY not only markedly stimulates food intake, but simultaneously inhibits the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis), replicating the central hypothyroid state associated with fasting. To identify the specific NPY receptor subtypes involved in the action of NPY on the HPT axis, we studied the effects of the highly selective Y1 ([Phe7,Pro34]pNPY) and Y5 ([chicken pancreatic polypeptide(1-7), NPY(19-23), Ala31, Aib32 (aminoisobutyric acid), Q34]human pancreatic polypeptide) receptor agonists on circulating thyroid hormone levels and proTRH mRNA in hypophysiotropic neurons of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. The peptides were administered continuously by osmotic minipump into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) over 3 d in ad libitum-fed animals and animals pair-fed to artificial CSF (aCSF)-infused controls. Both Y1 and Y5 receptor agonists nearly doubled food intake compared with that of control animals receiving aCSF, similar to the effect observed for NPY. NPY, Y1, and Y5 receptor agonist administration suppressed circulating levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulted in inappropriately normal or low TSH levels. These alterations were also associated with significant suppression of proTRH mRNA in the paraventricular nucleus, particularly in the Y1 receptor agonist-infused group [aCSF, NPY, Y1, and Y5 (density units +/- SEM), 97.2 +/- 8.6, 39.6 +/- 8.4, 19.9 +/- 1.9, and 44.6 +/- 8.4]. No significant differences in thyroid hormone levels, TSH, or proTRH mRNA were observed between the agonist-infused FSanimals eating ad libitum and the agonist-infused animals pair-fed with vehicle-treated controls. These data confirm the importance of both Y1 and Y5 receptors in the NPY-mediated increase in food consumption and demonstrate that both Y1 and Y5 receptors can mediate the inhibitory effects of NPY on the HPT axis.
Determination of orthophosphate in the presence of nitrate ions (1971)

A method is described for the spectrophotometric determination of orthophosphate in the presence of nitrate. Reduction of nitrate ions to ammonia is effected by aluminium metal and sodium hydroxide solution, and after the removal of all the ammonia produced (by heating) the phosphate is determined by the formation of the phosphomolybdate complex and reduction to molybdenum blue. The method is suitable for the determination of orthophosphate at a concentration of 10–4M in the presence of more than 10–1M of nitrate. It also overcomes interference by fluoride and other halide ions in the molybdenum-blue method.
Constraining a 2D/3D density dependent saltwater intrusion model using time-lapse electrical imaging data (2006)

In groundwater model development, calibration is one of the critical aspects that determine its reliability and applicability in terms of e.g. system (hydrogeological) understanding, groundwater quality predictions, and general use in water resources context. The result of a groundwater model calibration is determined by different factors, where both data quantity and quality is of crucial importance. A density dependent saltwater intrusion model has been established for a coastal aquifer in Almeria, SE Spain, where hydraulic and solute transport parameters had to be calibrated in order to simulate the intrusion dynamics realistically. Furthermore, the sources of saltwater in the coastal aquifer are not unambiguously defined yet but current state of knowledge seems to suggest the possibility of multiple sources e.g. present seawater intrusion, solution of evaporites, fossil waters and anthropogenic influences. Typically the availability of conventional monitoring installations (e.g. depth specific monitoring wells for Chloride measurements) and the cost of constructing new ones limit the amount of obtainable data. These factors can seriously hinder a successful monitoring strategy and consequently limit the reliability of the calibrated model. An effective alternative to conventional measurements is the use of geophysical methods to monitor the saltwater intrusion front. If applied in a time-lapse manner, electrical images give both spatial and temporal information on the salinity distribution compared to conventional methods, which only give (few) point information. As a result a more comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological system is obtained and a greater confidence in the calibrated model is achieved. In this (case) study from Almeria, we demonstrate how the use of time-lapse electrical imaging data improve the calibration of a density dependent intrusion model compared to using data from conventional (existing) measurements installations. This was achieved by calibrating the model with the different data sets and subsequently evaluate the performance of the model. The results illustrate the benefit of using electrical images for calibration purposes but also its contribution to system understanding and how it, together with modeling, can assist in the identification of saltwater sources in the area.
Random-access over fading channels (2004)

Wireless local area networks (WLANS) (1997) allow the transmission of bursty data traffic over fading, wireless links. We formulate and analyze a simple model of controlled ALOHA in a Rayleigh fading environment. We consider the application of a one bit per slot feedback control algorithm, from (Sylvie Ghez, et al., 1989), and propose a new algorithm involving higher rates of feedback per slot. Our algorithm is based on an optimization framework, which enables one to determine the desired rate of feedback, and we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in improving delay performance as compared to the 1-bit feedback algorithm.
Attitudes toward preventive oophorectomy among BRCA1 mutation carriers in Poland. (2004)

Currently genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 susceptibility genes is performed throughout Europe and North America. In Poland three founder mutations in BRCA1 account for 14% of all invasive ovarian cancers and oophorectomy is frequently recommended to mutation carriers as a preventive measure. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate patient acceptance of the recommendation for prophylactic oophorectomy in a hereditary cancer clinic. Seventy-two women over the age of 40 and who carried a BRCA1 mutation were advised to undergo prophylactic oophorectomy. After a mean follow-up period of 19 months, 43 of the women (60%) had undergone the procedure. Of the 29 women who had not had an oophorectomy, five indicated that they did not intend to do so, 19 indicated that they intended to have the operation in the near future and five were undecided. In conclusion, preventive oophorectomy is acceptable to most Polish women at high risk of hereditary ovarian cancer and should be among the range of services offered in cancer genetics clinics.
Allogenic stem cell transplant (ASCT) as initial salvage for patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) refractory to high-dose cytarabine-based induction chemotherapy. (2012)

6544 Background: Outcomes of pts with AML who are refractory to High-dose Cytarabine (HiDAC) based induction are dismal. ASCT as initial salvage may be effective and potentially superior to repeat induction with combination chemotherapies in such pts. Methods: 1597 AML pts were treated with HiDAC-based induction at MD Anderson Cancer Center between 1995 and 2009. 285 primary refractory pts were identified. 28 (10%) of these underwent ASCT as initial salvage and were reviewed. Results: Median age was 56 years (36 to 77) and 50% were males. Median ECOG PS was 1 (0-2). Antecedent hematological disorders were present in 14 pts (50%). Median white cell count, hemoglobin, platelet count and bone marrow (BM) blast percentage at diagnosis were 3.5 x 10 9 /l (0.6 to 73.6), 7.8 g/l (6.5 to 11.4), 44 x 10 9 /l (9 to 615), and 43% (6-82), respectively. 9 pts (32%) had complex cytogenetics. FLT3 mutations were identified in 2 (15%) of 13 evaluated pts. All pts were refractory to HiDAC-based induction. HiDAC was combined with an anthracycline in 16 pts (57%) and non-anthracycline in 12 pts (43%). Median time from induction to ASCT was 76 days (28 to 184). Median BM blast and peripheral blast at ASCT were 28% (3 to 82) and 4% (0 to 41). 21 pts (75%) had matched related donors (18 sibling and 3 haploidentical) and 7 (25%) had matched unrelated donors. Conditioning regimens were melphalan-based, busulfan-based, fludarabine-based or others in 7 (25%), 10 (36%), 8 (29%) and 3 pts (10%); respectively. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 23 of 28 pts undergoing ASCT (CR = 82%) with median time to CR of 31 days (26 to 134). 12 pts relapsed with median time to relapse of 5 months (2 to 19). 8 pts remain alive with median follow up of 80 months (28 to 118). Median overall survival (OS) for the entire group is 20 months (5 to 118). In historical series of pts with AML refractory to HiDAC-based induction, salvage chemotherapies induced CR rates of 22% with median OS of 4 months. Conclusions: Initial salvage with allogenic SCT is feasible and yields superior outcomes to salvage chemotherapy in primary HiDAC refractory AML pts. Randomized studies are warranted to further explore this treatment option.
RESTORATION OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR AND DOPAMINERGIC NEUROTRANSMISSION BY LONG TERM EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT IN AGED MALE RATS (1998)

Aged rats (24 months old) with long-term testosterone replacement maintained almost the same level of mount behavior as young rats (12 weeks old). The results imply that long-term testosterone replacement may favorably alter the decline in the process of sexual activity with aging. The restoration by testosterone replacement of dopaminergic activity in the MPOA may be involved in the maintenance of sexual function in aged rats.
REFRACTORY FOR BLACK LIQUOR GASIFIERS (2004)

The University of Missouri-Rolla will identify materials that will permit the safe, reliable and economical operation of combined cycle gasifiers by the pulp and paper industry. The primary emphasis of this project will be to resolve the material problems encountered during the operation of low-pressure high-temperature (LPHT) and low-pressure low-temperature (LPLT) gasifiers while simultaneously understanding the materials barriers to the successful demonstration of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) black liquor gasifiers. This study will define the chemical, thermal and physical conditions in current and proposed gasifier designs and then modify existing materials and develop new materials to successfully meet the formidable material challenges. Resolving the material challenges of black liquor gasification combined cycle technology will provide energy, environmental, and economic benefits that include higher thermal efficiencies, up to three times greater electrical output per unit of fuel, and lower emissions. In the near term, adoption of this technology will allow the pulp and paper industry greater capital effectiveness and flexibility, as gasifiers are added to increase mill capacity. In the long term, combined-cycle gasification will lessen the industry's environmental impact while increasing its potential for energy production, allowing the production of all the mill's heat and power needs along with surplus electricity being returned to the grid. An added benefit will be the potential elimination of the possibility of smelt-water explosions, which constitute an important safety concern wherever conventional Tomlinson recovery boilers are operated. Developing cost-effective materials with improved performance in gasifier environments may be the best answer to the material challenges presented by black liquor gasification. Refractory materials may be selected/developed that either react with the gasifier environment to form protective surfaces in-situ; are functionally-graded to give the best combination of thermal, mechanical, and physical properties and chemical stability; or are relatively inexpensive, reliable repair materials. Material development will be divided into 2 tasks: Task 1, Development and property determinations of improved and existing refractory systems for black liquor containment. Refractory systems of interest include magnesium aluminate and barium aluminate for binder materials, both dry and hydratable, and materials with high alumina contents, 85-95 wt%, aluminum oxide, 5.0-15.0 wt%, and BaO, SrO, CaO, ZrO{sub 2} and SiC. Task 2, Finite element analysis of heat flow and thermal stress/strain in the refractory lining and steel shell of existing and proposed vessel designs. Stress and strain due to thermal and chemical expansion has been observed to be detrimental to the lifespan of existing black liquor gasifiers. The thermal and chemical strain as well as corrosion rates must be accounted for in order to predict the lifetime of the gasifier containment materials.
Human microtubule‐associated protein tau mediates targeted killing of <scp>CD</scp>30<sup>+</sup> lymphoma cells <i>in vitro</i> and inhibits tumour growth <i>in vivo</i> (2013)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL) are rare lymphoproliferative cancer types. Although most HL patients can be cured by chemo- and radio-therapy, 4-50% of patients relapse and have a poor prognosis. The need for improved therapeutic options for patients with relapsed or refractory disease has been addressed by CD30-specific antibody-based immunotherapeutics. However, available CD30-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) or chimeric immunotoxins suffer from the requirement of a functional host immunity, undesirable immune reactions or heterogeneity and instability, respectively. Here, we present a new fusion protein comprised of the CD30-specific antibody single-chain fragment Ki4(scFv) and the human pro-apoptotic effector protein, microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). Ki4(scFv)-MAP selectively induced apoptosis in rapidly proliferating L540cy, L428, and Karpas 299 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Tubulin polymerization assays confirmed that Ki4(scFv)-MAP stabilizes microtubules, suggesting a mechanism for its pro-apoptotic action. Dose-finding experiments proved that Ki4(scFv)-MAP is well tolerated in mice compared to the previously reported Ki4(scFv)-ETA'. Ki4(scFv)-MAP significantly inhibited growth of subcutaneous L540cy xenograft tumours in mice. Our data present a novel approach for the treatment of CD30(+) lymphomas, combining the binding specificity of a target-specific antibody fragment with the selective cytotoxicity of MAPT towards proliferating lymphoma cells.
SU‐E‐T‐381: The Step‐And‐Shoot IMRT Overshooting Phenomena: A Novel Method to Mitigate Patient Overdosage (2013)

Purpose: To demonstrate a method to mitigate the step‐and‐shoot (S&S) IMRT overdose phenomenon for set of patients which initially failed IMRT QA process. Methods: Five S&S IMRT patients treated on Varian 2100C‐EX linacs with larger than +4.5% phantom IC point dose difference relative to planned dose were investigated. For every patient plan, five fractions (Fx) were delivered. Dynalog files were recorded and centiMU pulses from dose integrator board for every control point (CP) were counted using a BK1856D (B&K Precision Corp.) pulse counter (PC). The recorded MUs were imported to Pinnacle9.2 (Philips Healthcare), the 3D dose was recalculated and compared to the planned dose distribution. The initial plans were then modified by adding one starting segment to every beam. This segment consisted of an MLC aperture of 0.5x1cm2 hidden under the jaws with 1MU. For each patient, five Fx of the modified plan were delivered, recorded and the delivered 3D dose recalculated. Individual voxels' dose in high dose region, isocenter point dose, segment MUs, PTV D95 and OAR D2cc were compared between the original plan and the results of both deliveries. Results: The PC recorded total number showed the delivered beam MUs exceeded the plan by only ∼0.2%. For all initial plans, the first CP on average overshot by 0.6MU. It was determined that this on average translated to an increased dose to isocenter, PTV D95, bladder D2cc and high‐dose‐region voxels' dose by 2.66% (2.21%–3.12%), 2.06% (1.59%–2.48%), 2.57% (1.97%–3.11%), and 2.19% (1.75%–2.75%) respectively. All modified plans had inconsequential 0.05MU overshoot in first unmodified CP and 0.04%(−0.45% −0.55%), −0.07%(−0.44–‐0.48%), 0.08%(−0.28%–0.33%) and −0.07%(−0.31%–0.20%) differences for dosimetric parameters listed above. Conclusion: Our proposed method of attaching a special aperture 1MU CP to each beam was experimentally verified by using centiMU pulse counts to successfully eliminate the overdosage.