gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of measures used to determine substance abuse in an inpatient psychiatric population (1994)

Eighty-nine of 178 consecutively admitted inpatients were administered the substance abuse sections of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R--Patient Version (SCID-P). Patients also provided a urine sample for toxicologic analysis. In addition, primary clinicians assigned admission and discharge diagnoses. Test characteristics (e.g., sensitivity) for confirming a current diagnosis of psychoactive substance abuse were calculated for each measure and compared. Urine toxicology analyses and admission and discharge diagnoses were significantly less accurate in diagnosing psychoactive substance abuse than the SCID-P. This finding indicates that substance abuse is frequently not noted during routine admission and discharge assessments.
β-m-Hydroxyphenylserine and β-p-Hydroxyphenylserine<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTβ-m-Hydroxyphenylserine and β-p-Hydroxyphenylserine1William A. BolhoferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 18, 4469–4473Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01114a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01114a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metal and size effects on structures and photophysical properties of porphyrin-modified metal nanoclusters (2003)

Three-dimensional (3D) porphyrin monolayer protected metal nanoclusters (MPCs) have been prepared to examine the effects of metal (Au, Ag, Au–Ag alloy, Pd and Pt) and size (1–3 nm) on the structures and photophysical properties. The quenching rate constants of the porphyrin excited singlet state by the surfaces of mono-metal nanoclusters and gold nanoclusters with different diameters are virtually the same. In contrast, the quenching rate constant of the gold–silver alloy nanocluster is half that of the corresponding mono-metal clusters (i.e. Au or Ag). This reveals that interaction between the surface of the gold–silver alloy and the porphyrin excited singlet state is attenuated as compared wtih the mono-metal systems. Thus, porphyrin metal alloy nanoclusters are potential candidates as a new type of artificial photosynthetic materials and photocatalysts.
A Novel Active Warden Technique for Image Steganography (2016)

This paper focuses on countering data hiding in images. Specifically, we refer to the active warden problem, a process which aims at disrupting the covert communications that are possibly taking place within host media. Although this has been extensively studied in the literature, typical state of the art approaches treat the hidden message as a noise-like component, proposing de- noising techniques, lossy compression or noise addition as a countermeasure. In this paper we present novel approach called Lesser Components Distortion (LCD) that aims at disrupting the covert communication while minimizing distortion on the host medium. Although stemming from insights gained from notable works in the spread spectrum steganography field, we prove through extensive testing that it shows remarkable effectiveness against steganographic techniques in general, compared to common attacks.
DYNAMIC OPERATION OF A NONLINEAR WAVEGUIDE FOR OPTICAL LOGIC (1988)

Experimental study of an annealed silicon on sapphire nonlinear waveguide in the pulsed regime can show two consecutive subnanosecond switchings allowing its operation as an optical logic gate.
Fabrication and Luminescence of ZnS:Mn<SUP>2+</SUP> Nanoflowers (2005)

Visually striking nanoflowers composed of ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles are prepared and characterized. The configurations of these fractal structures are very sensitive to both the pH values of the particle solutions from which they are precipitated and the substrates on which they are deposited. At pH 2.2, the fractal structures resemble trees without leaves; at pH 7.7, they are tree-like with four arms and at pH 11.0 they resemble trees with six arms. High resolution transmission microscopy reveals that the nanoflowers are composed of ZnS:Mn2+ nanoparticles of 2-5 nm in size. X-ray photoelectron spectral data indicate that the sample compositions of nitrogen, chlorine, and sulfur vary gradually with pH values of the solutions. These changes may have an impact on both the fractal configuration and the luminescence properties. The emission spectra of the particle solutions at pH values of 2.2 and 11.0 are similar with the emission maximum at 475 nm. As the pH value approaches 7.7, the emission spectral maximum shifts to longer wavelengths. At a pH value of 7.7, the emission peak wavelength is the reddest, 520 nm. The emission peak of the nanoflowers at a pH value of 9.3 is 510 nm, while the emission spectrum of the nanoflowers at 5.2 has two peaks at 500 nm and 440 nm, respectively. These blue-green emissions are attributed to defects and are the dominant luminescence from the nanoflowers. The emission from Mn2+ dopant is only observed in the delayed spectra of the fractal solid samples.
Missense mutations in the growth hormone receptor dimerization region in Laron syndrome (1994)

Laron syndrome (LS) is an autosomal recessively inherited condition characterized by insensitivity to endogenous and exogenous GH. Affected individuals have severe episodes and other characteristic features. GH receptor gene mutations are present in all affected individuals in whom molecular studies have been reported. The GH receptor is a plasma membrane-spanning protein in which the extracellular domain binds circulating GH and the intracellular domain interacts with the JAK-2 kinase and possibly other intracellular signaling molecules. GH receptor dimerization occurs on GH binding and is thought to be required for normal signal transduction. We have studied the GH receptor genes of four unrelated individuals affected with LS from the United States, Italy, Saudi Arabia, and India. We have identified four different missense mutations that alter consecutive amino acids 152 to 155 in or near the dimerization domain of the GH receptor. One of these mutations, D152H, has been reported previously in Asian LS patients and, in in vitro studies, the mutant receptor was unable to dimerize. This report increases to over 20 the number of different GH receptor gene mutations that have been reported in LS patients and defines the first apparent mutational {open_quotes}hotspot{close_quotes} region in this gene. This cluster of mutationsmore » in patients with classic LS phenotype provides additional in vivo evidence that receptor dimerization plays an important role in signaling GH`s growth promoting and metabolic effects. Further in vitro studies of the mutations in this region are in progress.« less
Low Methoxyl Pectin Protects against Autoimmune Diabetes and Associated Caecal Dysfunction (2019)

The data demonstrate that LMP limits T1D development by inducing caecal homeostasis to shape pancreatic immune environment, providing a scientific basis for using LMP as a novel functional supplementation to intervene T1D.
Identifying Patient Preoperative Risk Factors and Postoperative Adverse Events in Administrative Databases: Results From The Department of Veterans Affairs National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (2002)

Sensitivity and positive predictive value of administrative data in comparison to NSQIP data were poor. We cannot recommend substitution of administrative data for NSQIP data methods.
Drugs meeting the molecular basis of diabetic kidney disease: bridging from molecular mechanism to personalized medicine (2015)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a complex, multifactorial disease and is associated with a high risk of renal and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Clinical practice guidelines for diabetes recommend essentially identical treatments for all patients without taking into account how the individual responds to the instituted therapy. Yet, individuals vary widely in how they respond to medications and therefore optimal therapy differs between individuals. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms of variability in drug response will help tailor optimal therapy. Polymorphisms in genes related to drug pharmacokinetics have been used to explore mechanisms of response variability in DKD, but with limited success. The complex interaction between genetic make-up and environmental factors on the abundance of proteins and metabolites renders pharmacogenomics alone insufficient to fully capture response variability. A complementary approach is to attribute drug response variability to individual variability in underlying molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of disease. The interplay of different processes (e.g. inflammation, fibrosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress) appears to drive disease progression, but the individual contribution of each process varies. Drugs at the other hand address specific targets and thereby interfere in certain disease-associated processes. At this level, biomarkers may help to gain insight into which specific pathophysiological processes are involved in an individual followed by a rational assessment whether a specific drug's mode of action indeed targets the relevant process at hand. This article describes the conceptual background and data-driven workflow developed by the SysKid consortium aimed at improving characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying DKD at the interference of the molecular impact of individual drugs in order to tailor optimal therapy to individual patients.
Data collection, communications and processing in the Sumatran GPS array (SuGAr) (2011)

The Sumatran GPS array spans approximately 1300 km along the West coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Almost 40 monitoring stations periodically collect high accuracy continuous GPS readings, and convey these to a central server for post-processing in Singapore. Solutions from the array data are used to provide precise measurements of the deformation of the earth's surface over large distances: in effect allowing the tracking of tectonic movements, and aiding in the understanding of seismic events in this highly active area of the earth's crust. Invaluable SuGAr-provided scientific data has been published over recent years, however this paper will discuss the communications and computer engineering architecture and evolution of this large sensing network, rather than the tectonic meaning of the data
New insights into cathelicidin modulation of adaptive immunity (2011)

Cathelicidins are a family of host defence peptides that are known to selectively alter innate immunity in response to infection and other changes in immune status. A study in this issue of the European Journal of Immunology elucidates a new role for mouse cathelin-related antimicrobial peptide in the adaptive immune response by clearly demonstrating for the first time that a cathelicidin can alter T-cell-dependent activation of the humoral response in vivo and thus modulate the activities of both B and T lymphocytes.
THE DETERMINATION OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT (1955)

The molecular weights of organic compounds of known constitution have been determined with satisfactory accuracy, using milligram quantities of materials, by a static measurement of the vapor pressure difference between pure solvents and solutions of the compounds. The method may be used over a considerable temperature range. The suitability of solvents is governed by their chemical stability and vapor pressure. Results obtained using compounds in the molecular weight range of 600–1000 are reported.
Native low-density lipoprotein-induced superoxide anion contributes to proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (2009)

Background: Native low-density lipoprotein (nLDL) was one of the modifiable risk factors contributed directly to cardiovascular diseases development. We investigated that nLDL stimulation induced NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production that was an important factor on human aortic smooth muscle cells (hAoSMC) proliferation.
JGES guidelines for colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection/endoscopic mucosal resection (2015)

Colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become common in recent years. Suitable lesions for endoscopic treatment include not only early colorectal carcinomas but also many types of precarcinomatous adenomas. It is important to establish practical guidelines in which the preoperative diagnosis of colorectal neoplasia and the selection of endoscopic treatment procedures are properly outlined, and to ensure that the actual endoscopic treatment is useful and safe in general hospitals when carried out in accordance with the guidelines. In cooperation with the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum, the Japanese Society of Coloproctology, and the Japanese Society of Gastroenterology, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society has recently compiled a set of colorectal ESD/endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) guidelines using evidence-based methods. The guidelines focus on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and caveat before, during, and after ESD/EMR and, in this regard, exclude the specific procedures, types and proper use of instruments, devices, and drugs. Although eight areas, ranging from indication to pathology, were originally planned for inclusion in these guidelines, evidence was scarce in each area. Therefore, grades of recommendation were determined largely through expert consensus in these areas.
Superior Outcomes and Reduced Wait Times in Pediatric Recipients of Living Donor Liver Transplantation (2019)

Living donor liver transplantation provides superior outcomes for children and is an excellent and effective strategy to increase the chances of receiving a liver transplant.
Human Regulatory Gene for Inducible Tyrosine Aminotransferase in Rat-Human Hybrids (1973)

The inducibility of tyrosine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.5) by corticosteroid hormones in rat-human hybrid clones was studied. The presence of human X chromosome activity in the cells was always associated with the suppression of tyrosine aminotransferase inducibility in all the clones examined. Negative correlation between the human X chromosome and inducibility of the enzyme was clearly established. Corticosteroid receptor was present to the same extent in hybrid cell clones that either contained or lost the human X chromosome. The human repressor for inducible tyrosine aminotransferase has a linkage relationship with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and hypoxanthine-guanine-phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and, therefore, can be assigned to the X chromosome.
SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS AND ORGANOGENESIS OF EASTERN BLACK WALNUT (JUGLANS NIGRA) (1992)

Cotyledon explants were harvested from immature walnut fruits during July and August 1991. Media consisted of either WPM with 0.1 μM 2,4-D, 5.0 μM TDZ and 1.0 g/liter casein hydrolysate or DKW with 4.4 μM BA, 0.05 μM IBA, 9.3 μM Kinetin and 250 mg/liter l-glutamine. Treatments were arranged factorially with 2 gelling agents, 7 g/liter Sigma agar or 2 g/liter Gelrite and were incubated in light or in darkness. After 4 weeks, all explants were placed on basal DKW with no growth regulators and were cultured in darkness. The best treatment tested was from seeds collected 14 weeks post-anthesis on WPM, agar, and incubation in light (22 embryos/explant, 78% embryogenesis). Use of DKW and gelrite in darkness resulted in 1 embryo/explant and 38% embryogenesis. Up to 90% shoot organogenesis also occurred on cotyledon explants from seeds collected 16 weeks post-anthesis and placed on WPM. Shoots elongated on stationary liquid DKW with 10 μM BA.
The relevance of citrullinated vimentin in the production of antibodies against citrullinated proteins and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (2011)

Antibodies against citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) are highly specific for RA. Since the discovery of these antibodies, several of studies that focused on the presence and identity of citrullinated proteins in the joints of RA patients have been carried out. The best-known antigens that bind ACPAs are citrullinated filaggrin, Type II collagen (CII), α-enolase, fibrinogen and vimentin. This review compares citrullinated filaggrin, CII, α-enolase and fibrinogen with vimentin in their contribution to ACPA triggering, and gives an overview of the literature in which the role of citrullinated and non-citrullinated vimentin in the onset of ACPA production and the pathogenesis of RA is discussed.
Low Mechanical Index Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Better Reflects High Arterial Perfusion of Liver Metastases Than Arterial Phase Computed Tomography (2004)

Rationale and Objectives: We investigated whether observing the arterial vascularization of liver metastases by contrast-enhanced ultrasound with low mechanical index (low-MI) imaging offers additional diagnostic information for the characterization of the liver lesions. Methods: Twenty nine patients with untreated liver metastases of different primaries were examined. Measurements were performed using a low frame rate, low-MI pulse inversion technique after injection of 2.4 mL SonoVue. The relative maximum signal intensity of the liver lesions related to the normal liver tissue was quantified. Ultrasound findings were compared with contrast-enhanced, dual-phase computed tomography (CT) using a pattern-based classification scheme. Results: Compared with contrast-enhanced CT, this modality better detects arterial perfusion. Metastases, even those usually considered hypovascularized, often showed homogeneous enhancement (66%) and higher arterial vascularization than normal liver tissue. CT did not show a comparable vascularization pattern (P < 0.001) or any similarly early signal intensity (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Contrast-enhanced CT may not be able to visualize short-lasting but large differences of the arterial perfusion of liver metastases, as does contrast-enhanced low-MI ultrasound. This offers new methods for their characterization and for monitoring of therapeutic effects.
Sensitization of Near‐Infrared‐Emitting Lanthanide Cations in Solution by Tropolonate Ligands (2005)

Ein Ligand, fünf im NIR emittierende Komplexe: Tropolonat(trp)-Liganden bilden mit mehreren Lanthanoid(LnIII)-Ionen [Ln(trp)4]−-Komplexe (Ln=Nd, Ho, Er, Tm und Yb), die im nahen IR-Bereich emittieren (siehe Spektren). Die Strukturen dieser Komplexe im Festkörper wurden ebenso charakterisiert wie ihre photophysikalischen Eigenschaften in Lösung. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z463081_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Generation of 0.2 mJ of 130-nm light by high-efficiency mixing in Hg (1988)

Recent calculations1–3 have Indicated that efficient two-photon-resonant sum-frequency mixing in Hg vapor is possible for the production of VUV laser radiation. We report here a high-efficiency tunable single-frequency 130-nm laser system producing more than 0.2 mJ/pulse. The nearterm program goals are to produce 1 mj/pulse at 130 nm and to validate the modeling codes for the four-wave-mixing process.
The estimated burden of fungal disease in South Africa (2019)

Background. With a population of 56.5 million, over 7 million persons living with HIV, one of the world’s highest rates of tuberculosis (TB) and a large proportion of the population living in poverty, South Africa (SA)’s fungal disease burden is probably substantial and broad in scope. Objectives. To estimate the burden of fungal disease in SA. Methods. Using total and at-risk populations and national, regional and occasionally global data, we estimated the incidence and prevalence of the majority of fungal diseases in SA. Results. Estimates for the annual incidence of HIV-related life-threatening fungal disease include cryptococcal meningitis (8 357 cases), Pneumocystis pneumonia (4 452 cases) and endemic mycoses (emergomycosis, histoplasmosis and blastomycosis, with 100, 60 and 10 cases per year, respectively). We estimate 3 885 cases of invasive aspergillosis annually. The annual burden of candidaemia and Candida peritonitis is estimated at 5 421 and 1 901 cases, respectively. The epidemic of pulmonary TB has probably driven up the prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis to 99 351 (175.8/100 000), perhaps the highest in the world. Fungal asthma probably affects >100 000 adults. Mucosal candidiasis is common, with an annual prevalence estimated at 828 666 and 135 289 oral and oesophageal cases, respectively, complicating HIV infection alone (estimates in other conditions not made), and over a million women are estimated to be affected by recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis each year. Tinea capitis in children is common and conservatively estimated at >1 000 000 cases. The inoculation mycoses sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis and eumycetoma occur occasionally (with 40, 40 and 10 cases estimated, respectively). Overall, we estimate that over 3.2 million South Africans are afflicted by a fungal disease each year (7.1% of the population). Conclusions. Significant numbers of South Africans are estimated to be affected each year by fungal infections, driven primarily by the syndemics of HIV, TB and poverty. These estimates emphasise the need for better epidemiological data, and for improving the diagnosis and management of these diseases.
UAV-based L-band SAR with precision flight path control (2005)

NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory is currently implementing a reconfigurable polarimetric L-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR), specifically designed to acquire airborne repeat track interferometric (RTI) SAR data, also know as differential interferometric measurements. Differential interferometry can provide key displacement measurements, important for the scientific studies of Earthquakes and volcanoes1. Using precision real-time GPS and a sensor controlled flight management system, the system will be able to fly predefined paths with great precision. The radar will be designed to operate on a UAV (Unmanned Arial Vehicle) but will initially be demonstrated on a minimally piloted vehicle (MPV), such as the Proteus build by Scaled Composites. The application requires control of the flight path to within a 10 m tube to support repeat track and formation flying measurements. The design is fully polarimetric with an 80 MHz bandwidth (2 m range resolution) and 16 km range swath. The antenna is an electronically steered array to assure that the actual antenna pointing can be controlled independent of the wind direction and speed. The system will nominally operate at 45,000 ft. The program started out as a Instrument Incubator Project (IIP) funded by NASA Earth Science and Technology Office (ESTO).