gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The reconstructed epidermis with melanocytes: a new tool to study pigmentation and photoprotection. (1999)

The reconstruction of the epidermal melanin unit ex vivo has been achieved during the last decade, using the combination of previous cell culture techniques. The system reviewed is basically a modification of the Pruniéras model, using the air-liquid interface to grow differentiated keratinocytes, with the addition of 5% melanocytes in the seeding suspension, as well as the use of a more adapted culture medium. Repeated UVB irradiation induces a stimulation of melanogenesis macroscopically, and increases melanin concentration and melanosome transfer in reconstructs. These results have been reproduced with skin of various phototypes. This model allows to study the physiology of the epidermal melanin unit as well as pathologic conditions, like vitiligo and nevi. Recent evidence of a complex interaction of keratinocytes and melanocytes in photoprotection was provided by the use of chimeric reconstructs and by comparing autologous reconstructs made with and without low phototype caucasoid melanocytes. Based on these findings, we suggest a novel interpretation of the concept of phototype.
A High Density MIM Capacitor in a Standard CMOS Process (2001)

Abstract − A simple metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor in a standard 0.25 µm digital CMOS process is described. Using all six interconnect layers, this capacitor exploits both the lateral and vertical electrical fields to increase the capacitance density (capacitance per unit area). Compared to a conventional parallel plate capacitor in the four upper metal layers, this capacitor achieves lower parasitic substrate capacitance, and improves the capacitance density by a factor of 4. Measurements and an extracted model for the capacitor are also presented. Calculations, model and measurements agree very well.
MO‐E‐204B‐04: Interventional Fluoroscopy Procedure Skin Dose Assessment Using DICOM Dose Structured Reports (2010)

Purpose : Patient skin injury due to radiation exposure during interventional fluoroscopy procedures is a concern. The FDA has recommended dose be monitored, along with the dose distribution on the patient's skin. Modern fluoroscopy equipment provides a readout of the accumulated reference point air kerma. However, this parameter is a poor estimate of localized skin dose since it does not take into account beam movement. Acquisition information needed to calculate skin dose can be recorded as a DICOM Dose Structured Report (Dose SR), which has recently become available on new fluoroscopy equipment. We have developed a system that uses the Dose SR to produce a skin dose map, along with determination of the peak skin dose. Method and Materials : The Dose SR provides data for each irradiation event (fluoroscopy footswitch or acquisition): kerma‐area‐product, reference point air kerma, C‐arm angulation and table position. Using the position of the patient on the table, backscatter and table attenuation, the air kerma to 1‐cm 2 regions on the patient's surface is calculated. The patient surface is approximated as a mathematical model using SolidWorks simulation software, with model size varied based on patient parameters. Results : The method was validated using a Siemens Axiom Artis angiography system. Measurements made with an ionization chamber and lucite phantom were compared to calculated skin dose values for a range of C‐arm angles, table positions and exposure levels. Errors ranged from 2–10% with higher errors corresponding to increased C‐arm angulation. Conclusion : A system has been developed to estimate skin dose and generate skin dose maps from an interventional procedure Dose SR. The system allows for a more precise determination of localized skin dose and assists with planning appropriate entry ports for future procedures to minimize skin injury. Application to any vendor platform providing a Dose SR is possible.
Khachatourians, G.G., McHughen, A., Scorza, R., Nip, W.K. and Haui, Y.H. eds. Transgenic plants and crops (2002)

Readers of this journal may ask themselves whether the world really needs another multi‐author volume on transgenic crops. Indeed, I asked the same question myself when invited to review this new volume. The literature on the topic is immense and it is necessary to do something different to attract purchasers and readers. In the present case the authors have attempted to provide almost encyclopedic coverage, with 55 chapters running to almost 850 large format pages. This was clearly a monumental task and it is necessary to ask whether the venture has succeeded. The answer, as with most multi‐author volumes, is yes and no. The coverage is certainly wider than that of any other volume on the topic that I have encountered, ranging from general principles through specific technologies, intellectual property and public perception to detailed accounts of specific crops. Consideration of the latter gives an intriguing indication of the current interest in transgenic technology and perceived benefits, as they include a wide range of fruits (e.g. kiwi, papaya, cranberry, melon), vegetables (e.g. asparagus, pepper, onion, pulses) and grain crops (cereals, oilseeds). However, there is considerable variation in the scope of coverage of individual species, with some chapters focusing on specific technologies and targets, and others giving wider accounts of the biotechnology of the crop and traits of importance. The coverage of the major cereal, legume and oilseed crops that dominate world agriculture is also less extensive than I would have expected, with soybean being a notable omission. This may reflect the fact that few of the authors come from the multinational biotechnology companies that are responsible for much of the research on these crops.

Despite these criticisms, the volume represents an impressive achievement. Although many of the topics are covered in more detail elsewhere, it may well prove to be the best initial source of information for many researchers and students, fully justifying the cost of $225.
Gene expression of colony‐stimulating factors and stem cell factor after myocardial infarction in the mouse (2002)

ABSTRACT Recent studies have suggested that cytokines such as macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) might be involved in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease. Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF), granulocyte‐macrophage‐colony stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) and interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) are potent cytokines belonging to the same structual class that may affect function, growth and apoptosis both in the heart and other organs. The aims of the present study were to characterize a post‐infarction model in the mouse and to examine mRNA expression of M‐CSF, GM‐CSF, SCF, IL‐3 and IL‐7 during the development of heart failure. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in mice by ligation of the left coronary artery. Average infarct size was 40% and the mice developed myocardial hypertrophy and pulmonary oedema. Ribonuclease (RNAase) protection assays showed abundant cardiac expression of M‐CSF and SCF. After MI, we measured down‐regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in the heart (M‐CSF, SCF), lung (M‐CSF), liver (M‐CSF) and spleen (M‐CSF) compared with sham. Cardiac G‐CSF, GM‐CSF and IL‐7 mRNAs were not detected. In conclusion, abundant cardiac gene expression of M‐CSF and SCF was found. In our mouse model of MI, M‐CSF and SCF were down‐regulated in the heart and several other organs suggesting specific roles for these cytokines during development of ischaemic heart failure.
High-Speed Bend Test Method and Failure Prediction for Drop Impact Reliability (2006)

The objective of this study is to obtain experimental failure models governing solder joint failure during drop impact testing of board assemblies. A high-speed bend test was developed to perform displacement-controlled bend test of board assemblies at the high flexing frequencies of drop impact. These test frequencies and amplitudes are not achievable by conventional universal testers. Experimental data was obtained for various PCB strain amplitudes, flexural frequencies solder alloys and pad finishes. Results from the high-speed bend tests are used to construct constant amplitude power law fatigue curves. Solder joint reliability found to be dependent on the test frequency, and therefore strain rate. The experimental failure data from these high-speed bend tests are a required basis for a drop impact failure criterion which can take into account frequency and amplitude effects and which is general enough to be applied to product level testing
Adjustable Speed Generation System with Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Generator (2008)

The paper presents generation system called VSIG - variable speed integrated generator which produces standardized AC three phase voltage. The driving Diesel engine operates in wide speed range. The new light and short axial flux permanent magnet generator converts mechanical energy to increased frequency AC voltage. The AC/AC transistor converter supplied from the generator provided high quality speed decoupled AC voltage. The shaft-less and bearing-less axial flux generator is integrated directly to the shaft of the engine. A common frame radiator is built to cool the engine and the converter in separate two sub-radiators cooled by common fan. The paper presents integration of the variable speed generation system. The VSIG is lighter than conventional fixed speed generation set and has substantially smaller footprint.
Genauigkeit der kombinierten PET/CT beim präoperativen Staging des nicht-kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinomes (2004)

Ziele: Nachweis der Genauigkeit der kombinierten PET/CT bei der Beurteilung des Tumorstadiums nicht-kleinzelliger Bronchialkarzinome im Vergleich zur CT alleine und zur PET alleine. Methode: 27 Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom wurden präoperativ mit [18F]-2-Fluoro-2-desoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET/CT untersucht. Die Befundung erfolgte durch je 2 Untersucher separat für PET, für CT sowie für fusionierte PET/CT Datensätze entsprechend des TNM-Systems. Die diagnostische Genauigkeit wurde für jede der 3 Untersuchungsmethoden bestimmt. Histologische Daten lagen bei allen Patienten als Referenzstandard vor. Unterschiede in der diagnostischen Genauigkeit zwischen den verschiedenen Untersuchungsverfahren wurden mit dem McNemar Test auf statistische Signifikanz geprüft. Ergebnis: Bei 26 Patienten konnte das Gesamttumorstadium (Stadium 0-IV) richtig mit der PET/CT beurteilt werden. Die CT charakterisierte das Tumorstadium bei 19 von 27 Patienten richtig, die PET erbrachte bei 20 von 27 Patienten das richtige Ergebnis. Bei 4 Patienten (15%) führte das Ergebnis der PET/CT zu einer Änderung der Therapieentscheidung im Vergleich zur PET, bei 5 Patienten (19%) wurde das Therapieregime im Vergleich zur CT geändert. Die Unterschiede zwischen PET/CT und CT (p=0.008) und zwischen PET/CT und PET (p=0.031) waren statistisch signifikant. Die Sensitivität, die Spezifität, der positive Vorhersagewert, der negative Vorhersagewert sowie die Genauigkeit für die Beurteilung des N-Stadiums waren 89%, 94%, 89%, 94% und 93% mit der PET/CT, 89%, 89%, 80%, 94% und 89% mit der PET und 70%, 59%, 50%, 77% und 63% mit der CT. Schlussfolgerung: Die kombinierte FDG-PET/CT erhöht im Vergleich zur CT alleine und zur PET alleine die Anzahl richtig beurteilter Tumorstadien bei Patienten mit nicht-kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom. Die Verbesserung der präoperativen Tumordiagnostik mit der PET/CT hat einen Einfluss auf die Therapieentscheidung.
Predictors of health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Results from a web‐based survey (2012)

The HRQOL is severely affected in children and adolescents with JIA. These findings underline the necessity to systematically monitor HRQOL in daily clinical practice.
Early recognition of gait initiation and termination using wearable sensors (2012)

This paper presents an approach for early recognition of gait initiation and termination using wearable inertial measurement units and pressure-sensitive insoles. Body joint angles, ground reaction force and center of plantar pressure of each foot are obtained from these sensors and input into a supervised learning algorithm. For gait initiation, the algorithm detects two events: gait onset (the first detectable change from the baseline state) and toe-off. For gait termination, the algorithm segments gait into different steps, measures the signals over a window at the beginning of each step, and determines whether the measurement belongs to the final step. The approach is validated with 10 subjects at two different gait speeds, with both within-subject and subject-independent crossvalidation. Results show that the inertial measurement units are generally more useful than insoles during both gait initiation and termination, though combining both types of sensors results in better onset detection and easier segmentation of gait into different steps. However, for best performance the algorithms should be trained for each subject separately, and the gait termination recognition algorithm is not very robust with regard to gait speed.
The lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid induces folding of disordered peptides with basic amphipathic character into rare conformations (2018)

Abstract Membrane-active, basic amphipathic peptides represent a class of biomolecules with diverse functions. Sequentially close protein segments also show similar behaviour in several ways. Here we investigated the effect of the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on the conformation of structurally disordered peptides including extracellular antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), and calmodulin-binding motifs derived from cytosolic and membrane target proteins. The interaction with associated LPA resulted in gain of ordered secondary structure elements, which for most cases were previously uncharacteristic of the particular peptide. Results revealed mechanism of the LPA-peptide interactions with regulation of the lipid on peptide conformation and oligomerization in a concentration-dependent manner involving (1) relocation of tryptophan residues into the lipid cluster, (2) multiple contacts between the binding partners dictated by complex driving forces, (3) multiple peptide binding to LPA associates with an affinity in the low micromolar range, and (4) selectivity for LPA compared with structurally related lipids. In line with recent findings showing endogenous molecules inducing structural changes in AMPs, we propose that accumulation of LPA in signalling or pathological processes might modulate host-defense activity or trigger certain processes by direct interaction with cationic amphipathic peptide sequences.
60.4: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Rollable Displays — A Technology Development Enabling Breakthrough Mobile Devices (2008)

Abstract A Rollable Display has been developed that can be rolled to a radius of 7.5mm (0.3inch). The display is of the active‐matrix electrophoretic type, based on organic electronics. The display is integrated into a novel mobile device that is ready for commercial launch. The device merges the mobile phone platform and form factor with the abilities of an e‐reader.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE SYNTHESIS OF 2‐AZIDO‐2‐ALKENOATES (1982)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der α,β‐Dibromcarbonsäureester (I) mit NaN 3 liefert die α‐Azidoacrylsäureester (II) in sehr guten Ausbeuten.
The <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Pup-proteasome system regulates nitrate metabolism through an essential protein quality control system (2018)

ABSTRACT The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ) encodes a proteasome that carries out regulated degradation of bacterial proteins. It has been proposed that the proteasome contributes to nitrogen metabolism in M. tuberculosis , although this hypothesis had not been tested. Upon assessing M. tuberculosis growth in several nitrogen sources, we found that a mutant strain lacking the Mycobacterium proteasomal activator Mpa was unable to use nitrate as a sole nitrogen source due to a specific failure in the pathway of nitrate reduction to ammonium. We found that the robust activity by the nitrite reductase complex NirBD depended on expression of the groEL / groES chaperonin genes, which are regulated by the repressor HrcA. We identified HrcA as a likely proteasome substrate, and propose that the degradation of HrcA is required for the full expression of chaperonin genes. Furthermore, our data suggest that degradation of HrcA, along with numerous other proteasome substrates, is enhanced during growth in nitrate to facilitate the de-repression of the chaperonin genes. Importantly, growth in nitrate is the first example of a specific condition that reduces the steady-state levels of numerous proteasome substrates in M. tuberculosis . SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The proteasome is required for the full virulence of M. tuberculosis . However, the extent of its role as a regulator of bacterial physiology remains unclear. In this work, we demonstrate a novel function of the proteasome system in maintaining the expression of essential chaperonin genes. This activity by the proteasome is required for M. tuberculosis to use nitrate as a nitrogen source. Furthermore, we identified a specific growth condition that robustly decreases the abundance of pupylated proteins. This observation strongly suggests the presence of a yet-to-be-determined mechanism of control over the Pup-proteasome system in M. tuberculosis that is induced in nitrate.
Free Radical Addition Reactions Involving Possible Rearrangement<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree Radical Addition Reactions Involving Possible Rearrangement1Joseph Weinstock and Sheldon N. LewisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 23, 6243–6247Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01580a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01580a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views213Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Potential Utilization of Soybean Oil as an Industrial Hydraulic Oil (1994)

The use of vegetable oils as fuels and as lubricants has been known for many years. The current environmental awareness has provided a new impetus for developing the so called "green" products by various industries. Most have selected vegetable oils that are more naturally [oxidatively] stable and are suitable for use in industrial applications. Rapeseed, in particular, has been investigated by many European and American companies for development of industrial lubricants. The purpose of this study, however, has been to investigate the potential utilization of soybean oils as an industrial hydraulic fluid. The results have shown that soybean oils, like other vegetable oils, present good lubricating and wear protection performances. Lack of desired oxidative stability and the subsequent polymerization of the used oil, however, appear to be the main concerns. Three approaches have been selected to address this concern. One is the use of genetically modified soybeans with fatty acid compositions that are more oxidatively stable. The second is the chemical modification of the soybean oils using methyl esters and partially hydrogenated oils. A final approach is the use of various additives and property enhancers to improve performance of the soybean oils in hydraulic systems. While additional tests are being conducted, it is expected that one or more of the three approaches identified will help the development of a soybean based industrial hydraulic oil. To test performance of the soybean oil in other industrial applications, various soybean oils were tested in a quenchalyzer to study potential use as a quench medium for heat treatment. Preliminary results showed soybean oils to have a better cooling rate than paraffin oils. Actual use in production heat treat environment is underway to study the oils' performances in high temperature applications. © 1994 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOELECTRONIC REQUIREMENT FOR THE CYCLIZATION OF CIS‐ AND TRANS‐N‐ACRYLYLOCTAHYDRO‐7(1H)‐QUINOLONES TO DECAHYDRO‐3H,10H‐BENZO(I,J)QUINOLIZINE‐3H,10‐DIONES (1978)

Abstract Während die Acroylderivate (II) und (V) nicht zu den Verbindungen (III) bzw. (VI) cyclisieren, erhält man aus (VII) die Ringschlußprodukte (VIII) und (IX).
SUGAR Truss Braced Wing Full Scale Aeroelastic Analysis and Dynamically Scaled Wind Tunnel Model Development (2015)

The drive for more fuel efficient transports is pushing designs to higher aspect ratio light weight configurations which are more flexible than in the past. A promising configuration to reduce weight and enable high aspect ratio wings is a truss braced wing (TBW). In Phase II of the NASA Subsonic Ultra Green Research (SUGAR) contract a truss braced wing (TBW) configuration was studied for future 737 size transports. This paper presents a summary of the FEM based aeroelastic analysis preformed in Phase II. The analysis included structural optimization using strength, buckling, and flutter constraints. A dynamically scaled aeroelastic wind tunnel test was completed in NASA’s Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. A discussion of setting requirements for the test and a brief description of the wind tunnel model will be included. Wind tunnel test results will be summarized including the result that the TBW flutter boundary is non-linear and varied at different tested angles of attack. This result has been modeled with structural non-linear preload and large displacement effects. A discussion of the implications to vehicle design and test caused by non-linear stability is included. Structural weight benefits of a TBW will be shown along with a linear and non-linear flutter weight penalty.
Behavioral Economics and Its Applications (2007)

This essay analyzes how behavioral economics can be applied to organizations, and
how it can be enriched by thinking about the economic questions associated with
economic organization.