gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling configuration-independent automation by non-expert users (2010)

The Internet has allowed collaboration on an unprecedented scale. Wikipedia, Luis Von Ahn's ESP game, and reCAPTCHA have proven that tasks typically performed by expensive in-house or outsourced teams can instead be delegated to the mass of Internet computer users. These success stories show the opportunity for crowd-sourcing other tasks, such as allowing computer users to help each other answer questions like How do I make my computer do X?. The current approach to crowd-sourcing IT tasks, however, limits users to text descriptions of task solutions, which is both ineffective and frustrating. We propose instead, to allow the mass of Internet users to help each other answer how-to computer questions by actually performing the task rather than documenting its solution.This paper presents KarDo, a system that takes as input traces of low-level user actions that perform a task on individual computers, and produces an automated solution to the task that works on a wide variety of computer configurations. Our core contributions are machine learning and static analysis algorithms that infer state and action dependencies without requiring any modifications to the operating system or applications.
Die biologische Funktion des Stratum corneum. Pharmakokinetische Bedingungen für die topische Applikation (1990)

Die Struktur und Funktion der Hornschicht werden aus den Gegebenheiten der Epidermistransformation abgeleitet. Die Wirkstoff resorption hängt von dem Zustand der Hornschicht, dem Vehikel und den Wirkstoffcharakteristika ab. Die Untersuchungen der Pharmakokinetik einer Substanz in der Permeationskammer, die mit menschlicher Haut beschickt ist, stellt ein repräsentatives Modell für die Permeationsverhält-nisse dar. Hornschichtschädigungen durch Tesafilmabrisse zeigen eine Permeationser-höhung um 1 bis 2 Zehnerpotenzen. Auf den Einfluß von Akzeleratoren der Permeation wird eingegangen.
Radar applications of low rank signal processing methods (2004)

This paper addresses the problem of radar target detection in severely heterogeneous clutter environments. Specifically we present the performance of the normalized matched filter (NMF) test in a background of disturbance consisting of clutter having a covariance matrix with known structure and unknown scaling plus background white Gaussian noise. It is shown that when the clutter covariance matrix is low rank, the NMF test retains invariance with respect to the unknown scaling as well as the background noise level and is CFAR. Performance of the test depends only upon the number of elements, number of pulses processed in a coherent processing interval and the rank of the clutter covariance matrix. Analytical expressions for calculating the false alarm and detection probabilities are presented. Performance of the method is shown to degrade with increasing clutter rank especially for low false alarm rates. An adaptive version of the test is developed and its performance is studied with simulated data from the KASSPER program. Issues of sample support for subspace estimation, constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and detection performance are presented.
Psychosomatische Aspekte in der Ätiologie hypertensiver Schwangerschaftserkrankungen (HES) - Überblick über ein Forschungsprojekt und erste Ergebnisse - (2002)

Hypertensive Schwangerschaftserkrankungen (HES) stehen auch heute mit an vorderster Stelle der Ursachenstatistik mütterlicher Mortalität in Deutschland und anderen Ländern mit vergleichbarem medizinischen Standard. Darüber hinaus sind sie in diesen Ländern für 20 % aller Frühgeburten und perinatalen Todesfälle verantwortlich. Trotz zahlreicher vielversprechender Ansätze ist die Ätiologie bis heute ungeklärt, fest steht jedoch, dass es sich um ein multifaktorielles Geschehen mit einer Beteiligung genetischer, immunologischer, ernährungsbedingter etc. Faktoren handelt. Obwohl psychosoziale Faktoren im Gegensatz zu den bisherigen Therapieansätzen die Möglichkeit einer prophylaktischen Reduktion des Erkrankungsrisikos beinhalten, haben diese bisher wenig Beachtung gefunden. Daher haben wir 1998 ein Forschungsprojekt zur Beurteilung psychosomatischer und psychosozialer Faktoren in der Genese und im Verlauf von HES begonnen.
A new built-up epoxy resin PCB technology for high density surface mount package and device attachment (1997)

A new technology has been developed comprising of high density printed circuit board materials fabricated with epoxy resin as the insulation material for enhancing high density surface mount assembly. The high density circuit board process is fabricated by a semi-additive plating method utilizing photo sensitive epoxy resin as the insulation material, and electroless and electrolytic copper plating for the conductors, Two design rule steps have been developed to stabilize the manufacturing process and to meet the market demand. Step 1 is designed with 100 /spl mu/m via diameters with 50 /spl mu/m line widths and spaces, while Step 2 is designed with 30 /spl mu/m lines widths and spaces with 50 /spl mu/m via diameters. Adhesive strength of conductor pad metalization has been validated on the dielectric layer. The thermal stresses resulting from flip chip assembly are controlled by the effects of micro anchors processed in the conductors of uniform size. Confirmed also is the environmental reliability of a substrate processed with 30 /spl mu/m design rule line widths and spaces by the semi-additive plated method.
ONE-STEP GEM-DIPHOSPHORYLATION OF AMIDES AND LACTAMS (2000)

International audience
A cell preparation of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> strain EC‐12 stimulates the luminal immunoglobulin A secretion in juvenile calves (2009)

The immune system in juvenile calves is immature, so calves are susceptible to several diarrheal and respiratory diseases. Oral administration of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is known to improve the growth performance and prevent diarrheal and respiratory diseases by stimulating the immune system in juvenile calves. Most of the immunostimulation by LAB is achieved by their cell wall components, and therefore we evaluated the immunostimulation of the cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) in juvenile calves in a clinical field. Twenty-nine 1-week old calves were used. Fourteen calves were administered 0.2% (w/w) of an EC-12 preparation that supplemented a milk replacer, and other calves were not supplemented. Feces and serum was collected at day 0, 7 and 49 after the administration to measure the IgA and IgG concentration. The fecal IgA concentration was increased by EC-12 administration at day 49, and the serum IgA concentration was also increased at day 7. These results suggested that oral administration of EC-12 in juvenile calves might have an immunostimulatory effect and provide earlier recovery of IgA levels in mucosal immunity.
Improved Lytic Potential of a Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody by Glycoform Engineering (2004)

s for the 19th Annual Scientific Meeting of the International Society for Biological Therapy of Cancer, San Francisco, California, November 4-7, 2004: Antibody Therapy
Design and characterization of a debriding tool in robot-assisted treatment of osteolysis (2016)

This paper focuses on the design and quantitative characterization of a debriding tool integrated with a robotic system to treat osteolysis (bone degradation). Osteolysis typically occurs due to wear of the polyethylene liner of the acetabular implant after total hip replacement surgery. In less invasive treatment of osteolysis, surgeons conventionally use rigid tools to debride the lesion, however with these inflexible instruments, complex lesion shapes are not completely treatable (about 50%). To address this issue, we have developed a debriding tool that passes through the lumen of a continuum dexterous manipulator (CDM). Integration of the CDM with a robotic arm assists the surgeon to reach the desired region behind the implant. Performance of the debriding tool integrated with this system was quantitatively evaluated during a simulated robot-assisted lesion debriding scenario. Rotational speed, aspiration pressure and irrigation flow of the debriding tool, as well as the sweeping velocity of the robotic system were identified as effective parameters in this procedure. Results indicate that maximum efficiency of the tool is achievable in a particular combination of these parameters.
The Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> NADH oxidase Nox‐2 is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during aerobic growth and contributes to virulence (2006)

Numerous Streptococcaceae produce an H2O-forming NADH oxidase, Nox-2, which has been generally implicated in aerobic survival. We examined the roles of Nox-2 in Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a leading agent of neonatal infections. While nox2 inactivation caused an aerobic growth arrest, no improvement was seen by addition of antioxidants to cultures, suggesting that this defect was not due to accumulation of toxic oxygen species. Using several approaches, we show that the observed inability of the nox2 mutant to grow aerobically is mainly due to an underlying defect in fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis: (i) the nox2 aerobic growth defect is fully and rapidly complemented by adding oleic acid to culture medium, and (ii) direct assimilation of this unsaturated FA in both wild type (WT) and nox2 GBS membranes is demonstrated and correlated with mutant growth rescue. We propose that NAD+ depletion in the nox2 mutant results in reduced acetyl-CoA production, which perturbs FA biosynthesis and hence blocks growth in aerobiosis. The nox2 aerobic growth defect was also complemented when GBS respiration metabolism was activated by exogenous haem and menaquinone. The membrane NADH oxidase activity generated by the functional respiratory chain thus compensates the cytoplasmic NADH oxidase deficiency. The nox2 mutant was attenuated for virulence, as assessed in lung, intraperitoneal and intravenous murine infection models. As the nox2 defect seems only to affect aerobic growth of GBS, its reduced virulence supports the suggestion that aerobic conditions and NADH oxidase activities are relevant to the GBS infection process.
Electric Field-Assisted Assembly of Type-I Collagen for Applications in Biomedical Micro-Systems (2005)

In the field of nanotechnology and applied engineering, an area that has received a great deal of attention is that of nanoassembly. The objective of this study was to demonstrate nanoassembly of type-I collagen on specified surfaces in response to an electric field. Two, otherwise identical, collagen solutions were prepared and adjusted to pHs of 5.5 and 8. The isoelectric fosusing point of collagen occurs at pH=6.7 which implies that the suspended collagen fibers in the aforementioned solutions possessed a net positive or negative charge, respectively. In each collagen solution, one volt was applied through a set of submerged electrodes for one minute. Atomic force microscopy was used to detect if and where assembly had occurred on the electrodes. The positively charged fibrils (pH=5.5) assembled on the negative electrode, but not on the positive electrode. The negatively charged fibrils (pH=8) assembled only on the positive electrode, but not on the negative electrode. In both cases, assembly occurred on the electrode of opposite charge of the suspended collagen fibrils, which was anticipated. The assembly of the positively charged fibrils (pH=5.5) on the cathode produced larger fibers than the fibers that were produced by the negatively charged fibrils (pH=8) on the anode. This indicated the more favorable environment for nanoassembly was the positively charged fibril solution (pH=5.5).
Integrating acquired preparedness and dual process models of risk for heavy drinking and related problems. (2015)

The acquired preparedness model (APM) posits that alcohol expectancies mediate effects of personality traits on drinking outcomes, whereas the dual process model (DPM) suggests that top-down behavioral control (e.g., self-control) moderates the impact of bottom-up risk factors such as alcohol expectancies. This study sought to integrate the APM and DPM by examining the extent to which indirect effects of impulsive sensation seeking on drinking outcomes are moderated by self-control. We hypothesized that the APM may hold more strongly for people who are higher in self-control, as they may engage in alcohol use for the explicit purpose of meeting sensation-seeking goals. Data were from 462 participants (ages 15-63 years; 58.4% male) who completed 1 of 5 studies affiliated with the Center for the Translational Neuroscience of Alcoholism. Consistent with the APM, higher levels of impulsive sensation seeking were associated with stronger positive expectancies, which, in turn, contributed to heavier drinking and related problems. Consistent with the DPM, among nondependent drinkers, indirect effects of impulsive sensation seeking on alcohol use were present only among those who were high in self-control. These findings suggest that expectancy challenges may be most effective for those with high levels of self-control prior to the development of alcohol dependence. However, future studies integrating the APM and DPM should include both implicit and explicit measures of expectancies to address the possibility that individuals with lower levels of self-control may be more influenced by automatic or implicit influences and may, therefore, respond well to implicit expectancy challenges.
MYSS: should we alter clinical practice? (2004)

4indicate that nicotine-dependent smokers are particularly prone to relapse. Second, the chance of a successful quit attempt can be decreased by the presence of psychiatric disorders. Depression is independently associated with inability to stop smoking, and results of research show that patients with COPD are at a greater risk of developing depression than individuals without COPD (unpublished data). In view of these factors, how successful are interventions used to help the general population to stop smoking when used by patients with COPD? Only five trials have assessed the efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in patients with COPD. 5 Results of the Lung Health Study 5 showed that intensive behavioural counselling combined with nicotine replacement therapy resulted in much higher 5-year abstinence rates than no intervention. Furthermore, contrary to what has been stated in many reviews, bupropion has not yet been shown to be effective in smokers with COPD. 5 However,
Plasminogen-dependent and -independent Proteolytic Activity of Murine Endothelioma Cells with Targeted Inactivation of Fibrinolytic Genes (1997)

Plasminogen-dependent and -independent proteolytic activity of marine endothelioma (End) cells that were derived from mice with targeted inactivation of the tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA-/-), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA-/-) or plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1-/-) genes was studied with the use of fibrin and extracellular matrix degradation assays. In a buffer milieu, the activation rate of plasminogen (final concentration 0.25 microM) with wild-type and t-PA-/- End cells (3 x 10(4) to 4 x 10(6) cells/ml) was comparable, but it was about 4-fold reduced with u-PA-/- End cells and 3-fold enhanced with PAI-1-/- End cells. Plasminogen activation was markedly reduced by addition of amiloride or of anti-murine u-PA antibodies but not by addition of anti-murine t-PA antibodies, and it was not stimulated by addition of fibrin. Lysis of 125I-fibrin labeled matrix in the presence of plasminogen was comparable with wild-type, t-PA-/- and PAI-1-/- End cells (50% lysis in 3 h with 0.7 to 1.5 x 10(6) cells/ml), but was significantly reduced with u-PA-/- End cells (50% lysis in 20 h with 0.87 x 10(6) cells/ml). Lysis of 3H-proline labeled extracellular matrix in the presence of plasminogen with wild-type, t-PA-/- and PAI-1-/- End cells (20% lysis in 48 h with 3 to 5 x 10(6) cells/ml) was comparable, but it was virtually abolished with u-PA-/- End cells. In the absence of plasminogen, lysis of both the fibrin and the extracellular matrix by all four cell types was drastically reduced and was virtually abolished by addition of phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride or 1,10 phenanthroline. These data indicate that the proteolytic activity of the transformed murine endothelioma cells, measured in plasminogen activation or matrix degradation assays, is essentially u-PA-related and largely plasminogen-dependent.
Nucleoside-nucleotide free diet protects rat colonic mucosa from damage induced by trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. (1996)

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that intestinal recovery from injury induced by radiation, endotoxin, and protein deficiency is improved by the ingestion of nucleosides and nucleotides. AIM: This study examined the effect of dietary nucleosides and nucleotides supplementation on trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid induced colonic damage in experimental colitis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomised into two groups and fed nucleic acid free 20% casein diet (control) or this diet supplemented with 0.5% nucleoside-nucleotide mixture for four weeks. On the second week, colonic inflammation was induced in rats by intracolonic administration of 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol containing 25 mg of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Additionally, other sets of rats were treated with 0.25 ml of 50% ethanol, 25 mg of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in 0.25 ml saline, or 0.25 ml of 0.9% saline. RESULTS: After two weeks, colon weight, macroscopic and microscopic damage scores, were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in the nucleoside-nucleotide supplemented group compared with the non-supplemented control groups. The same variables seen in the trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid-ethanol group fed nucleoside-nucleotide free diet were greater (p < 0.05) than in the rest of the groups fed nucleoside-nucleotide free diet and treated with ethanol, trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid in saline, or saline. Histologically, segmental ulceration and inflammation associated with significantly increased infiltration of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, fibroblasts were observed in the supplemented group compared with the controls. In the nucleoside-nucleotide supplemented group the epithelial damage, mucosal erosion, oedema, and coagulative necrosis of the muscularis propria was more extensive in comparison to the non-supplemented control groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that dietary nucleosides and nucleotides may aggravate colonic damage and inflammation in chemically induced experimental colitis in rats; and that nucleoside-nucleotide free diet combined with other pharmacological agents may offer a better response.
Inmarsat's new asychronous data services (1996)

This paper explains some of the technical issues which arose during the development of the Inmarsat-M and Inmarsat-B data services, and the resultant trade-offs made. Background information on the Inmarsat systems is also given, along with the perspectives from which the services were developed.
Understanding the roles of registered general nurses and care assistants in UK nursing homes (2003)

We recommend that job descriptions that clearly define the roles and responsibilities of both RGNs and CAs are developed so that caregivers at all levels understand each others' roles and work together to co-ordinate, plan and provide residents' care.
Micro-Phase Separated Poly(VdF-co-HFP)/Ionic Liquid/Carbonate as Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2019)

Lithium-ion batteries have attracted increasing attention because of their promising applications for the next generation of energy storage devices and hybrid/electric vehicles. The ionic compounds from suppliers were dissolved in water, and the same molar amount of LiTFSI was added. The ionic conductivity of an electrolyte plays an important role in the performance of batteries, including the charge/discharge capacity and extent of polarization. Higher ionic conductivity would result in less polarization of ions at a given current and hence smaller potential reduction at the cathode during discharge, consequently giving a longer discharge time and capacity. The ionic liquid (IL)-based gel polymer electrolytes with a small amount of carbonate additive are prepared via the solvent casting method and evaluated for use in lithium metal polymer batteries. Scanning electron microscopy analysis is performed on the morphology of the as-prepared films, which are washed with ethanol to remove IL, carbonate, and salt, followed by drying at elevated temperature.
Mode of action of nicotine in the housefly (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMode of action of nicotine in the houseflyMohyee E. Eldefrawi, Amira T. Eldefrawi, and Richard D. O'BrienCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 6, 1113–1116Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60172a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60172a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Qualitative Modeling and Similarity in Back of the Envelope Reasoning (2003)

Back of the envelope reasoning involves generating quantitative answers in situations where exact data and models are unavailable and where available data is often incomplete and/or inconsistent.A rough estimate generated quickly is more valuable and useful than a detailed analysis, which might be unnecessary, impractical, or impossible because the situation does not provide enough time, information, or other resources to perform one.Such reasoning is a key component of commonsense reasoning about everyday physical situations.This paper presents a similarity-based approach to such reasoning.In a new scenario or problem, retrieving a similar example from experience, sets the stage for solving the new problem by borrowing relevant modeling assumptions and reasonable values for parameters.We believe that this tight interweaving of qualitative and analogical reasoning is characteristic of common sense reasoning more broadly.Understanding the feel for magnitudes is another crucial aspect of such reasoning, and incorporating effects of quantitative dimensions in similarity judgments and generalizations, hitherto unexplored, raises very interesting questions.
Depolarization-Evoked Secretion Requires Two Vicinal Transmembrane Cysteines of Syntaxin 1A (2007)

We propose a model whereby the two adjacent transmembranal Cys residues of Sx 1A, lash two calcium channels. Consistent with the necessity of a minimal fusion complex termed the excitosome, each Sx1A is in a complex with SNAP-25, Syt1, and the Ca(2+) channel. A Hill coefficient >2 imply that at least three excitosome complexes are required for generating a secreting hetero-oligomer protein complex. This working model suggests that a fusion pore that opens during membrane depolarization could be lined by alternating transmembrane segments of Sx1A and VGCC. The functional coupling of distinct amino acids of Sx 1A with VGCC appears to be essential for depolarization-evoked secretion.