gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proving the correctness of storage representations (1992)

Conventional techniques for semantics-directed compiler derivation yield abstract machines that manipulate trees. However, in order to produce a real compiler, one has to represent these trees in memory. In this paper we show how the technique of storage-layout relations can be applied to verify the correctness of storage representations in a very general way. This technique allows us to separate denotational from operational reasoning, so that each can be used when needed. As an example, we show the correctness of a stack implementation of a language including dynamic catch and throw. The representation uses static and dynamic links to thread the environment and continuation through the stack. We discuss other uses of these techniques.
Coefficients of Utilization for Illuminance and Exitance in Long, Narrow Spaces (1983)

For its intended range of application, the zonal cavity technique for predicting illuminance indoors has proven to be a versatile and accurate calculation tool. All too frequently, however, one encounters the long, narrow space (e.g., a warehouse aisle) whose room cavity ratio (RCR) exceeds 10, and is beyond the range of the traditional zonal cavity coefficients table. This paper introduces the concept of infinite room cavity ratio (IRCR) to characterize spaces of infinite length. For integer steps of IRCR from 1 thru 30, the authors exhibit direct ratios and form factors used in computing coefficients of utilization for horizontal illuminance and for wall and ceiling exitance. A simple analytic expression is given which permits the calculation of form factor for arbitrary IRCR. Coefficients computed from the traditional method are compared with those computed from the proposed, new method.
Song exposure regulates known and novel microRNAs in the zebra finch auditory forebrain (2011)

The experience of hearing another bird singing alters the profile of miRNAs in the auditory forebrain of zebra finches. The response involves both known conserved miRNAs and novel miRNAs described so far only in the zebra finch, including a novel sex-linked, song-responsive miRNA. These results indicate that miRNAs are likely to contribute to the unique behavioural biology of learned song communication in songbirds.
The Spermatid Nucleus in Two Species of Grasshopper (1958)

The nuclear changes accompanying spermatid elongation have been studied in two species of grasshopper, Dissosteira carolina and Melanoplus femur-rubrum. Testes were fixed in 1 per cent buffered OsO(4), imbedded in butyl methacrylate, and examined as thin sections in the electron microscope. In both species nuclear changes during spermatid development involve (1) an early period, during which the nuclear contents are predominately fibrous; (2) a middle period, characterized by the lateral association of the nuclear fibers to form plates or lamellae which are oriented longitudinally in the major axis of the elongated nucleus; and (3) a late period, involving coalescence of the lamellae into a crystalline body which eventually becomes so dense that all resolvable detail is lost. The fibers seen in the early spermatid nucleus are about 150 A in diameter and so are similar to fibers described from other types of nuclei. The thickness of the lamellae varies from about 150 A when first formed to 70 A during the later stages. The lack of evident chromosomal boundaries in the spermatid nucleus makes it difficult to relate either the fibers or lamellae to more familiar aspects of chromosome structure. We see no apparent reason to consider that the fiber alignment described here is related to conventional chromosome pairing.
Magneto‐transport studies of single ferromagnetic nanowire (2007)

Abstract The magnetotransport properites of individual ferromagnetic nanowires (e.g. Ni, Co 23 Ni 77 , Ni 85 Fe 15 ) with 200 nm diameters were investigated. The ferromagnetic nanowires were successfully electrodeposited within an anodized alumina by controlling solution composition, temperature, and current density. Using a magnetic assembly technique, single nanowire was successfully bridged across microfabricated gold elecrodes. The temperature coefficient of resistance for ferromagnetic nanowires was lower than the bulk because of a larger residual resistance from increased electrical scattering in one‐dimensional structures. The ferromagnetic nanowires showed typical anisotropic magnetoresistance where the magnetoresistance ratio was lower than bulk values. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analysis of global host gene expression during the primary phase of the Arabidopsis thaliana–Plasmodiophora brassicae interaction (2011)

Microarray analysis was used to investigate changes in host gene expression during the primary stages of the interaction between the susceptible plant Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh ecotype Col-0 and the biotrophic pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin. Analyses were conducted at 4, 7 and 10 days after inoculation (DAI) and revealed significant induction or suppression of a relatively low number of genes in a range of functional categories. At 4 DAI, there was induced expression of several genes known to be critical for pathogen recognition and signal transduction in other resistant host-pathogen interactions. As the pathogen further colonised root tissue and progressed through the primary plasmodium stage to production of zoosporangia at 7 and 10 DAI, respectively, fewer genes showed changes in expression. The microarray results were validated by examining a subset of induced genes at 4 DAI by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis all of which correlated positively with the microarray data. The two A. thaliana mutants jar1 and coiI tested were found to be susceptible to P. brassicae. The involvement of defence-related hormones in the interaction was further investigated and the findings indicate that addition of salicylic acid can suppress clubroot disease in A. thaliana plants.
Numerical experiment to estimate the validity of negative ion diagnostic using photo-detachment combined with Langmuir probing (2015)

This paper presents a critical assessment of the theory of photo-detachment diagnostic method used to probe the negative ion density and electronegativity α = n-/ne. In this method, a laser pulse is used to photo-detach all negative ions located within the electropositive channel (laser spot region). The negative ion density is estimated based on the assumption that the increase of the current collected by an electrostatic probe biased positively to the plasma is a result of only the creation of photo-detached electrons. In parallel, the background electron density and temperature are considered as constants during this diagnostics. While the numerical experiments performed here show that the background electron density and temperature increase due to the formation of an electrostatic potential barrier around the electropositive channel. The time scale of potential barrier rise is about 2 ns, which is comparable to the time required to completely photo-detach the negative ions in the electropositive channel (∼3 ns). We find that neglecting the effect of the potential barrier on the background plasma leads to an erroneous determination of the negative ion density. Moreover, the background electron velocity distribution function within the electropositive channel is not Maxwellian. This is due to the acceleration of these electrons through the electrostatic potential barrier. In this work, the validity of the photo-detachment diagnostic assumptions is questioned and our results illustrate the weakness of these assumptions.
Universalismo o relativismo. ¿Es esa la cuestión?: reflexiones desde la Antropología Social (1999)

Reflexiona desde la antropologia sobre la globalización y la mundialización, y de cómo occidente impone sus estructuras económicas y sociales a otras culturas.
Statistical Analysis of Multiple Access Interference in Asynchronous UWB Impulse Radio (2009)

Optimal component and system design requires knowledge of the statistics underlying the system. To date, the determination of the probability distributions characterizing the multiple access interference in ultra-wide bandwidth wireless systems is an unsolved problem. The statistical characteristics of the multiple access interference in ultra-wide bandwidth wireless systems are studied. Expressions for the probability density functions of the distribution due to asynchronous multiple access interference and additive white Gaussian noise are derived for both additive white Gaussian noise and multipath fading ultra-wide bandwidth environments. The accuracies of the derived expressions for the probability density functions are assessed and confirmed by simulation results.
Distinguished seismological and electromagnetic features of the impending global failure: Did the 7/9/1999 M5.9 Athens earthquake come with a warning? (2005)

Abstract Clear VLF electromagnetic (EM) anomalies were detected prior to the Athens earthquake (EQ). We attempt to establish the hypothesis that these emissions were launched from the pre-focal area during micro-fracturing process. The spectral analysis in terms of fractal dynamics reveals that distinquished alterations in the associated scaling parameters emerge as the EQ is approached. These alterations suggests that the evolution of the Earth’s crust towards the “critical point” takes place not only in the seismological sense but also in the pre-fracture EM sense. VAN-signals and space-time TIR-signals were also detected prior to the Athens EQ. These anomalies, as well as the fault modeling of the Athens EQ obtained by interferometric combinations of ERS2 SAR images bring further support for the confidence in the reliability of our conclusions.
Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Hemangiopericytoma following Preoperative Embolisation: A Case Report and Literature Review (2013)

Objectives. Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor entity deriving from pericytes. Less than 5% of hemangiopericytoma occur in the nasal cavity and are characterised by a rather benign nature with low tendency of metastasis. However, as the recurrence rate in the literature ranges from 9.5% to 50%-depending on the length of followup-a radical surgical resection is considered as the gold-standard treatment. Only a few years ago, a wide external approach, usually via lateral rhinotomy or Caldwell-Luc, was performed. Endoscopic techniques were regarded as appropriate for small low-vascularised tumors only. Methods. We present the case of a 64-year-old patient with an extended sinonasal hemangiopericytoma, who was successfully treated by an endoscopic controlled endonasal tumor resection after embolisation with Onyx. Further, to support the new treatment option, we review the literature concerning all features of sinonasal hemangiopericytomas and their therapeutical management. Results/Conclusion. Onyx, which has not been described in the context of hemangiopericytoma yet, is a very effective embolic agent for a preoperative embolisation of sinonasal hemangiopericytoma allowing a safe endoscopic surgery.
High-Throughput Synthesis, Screening, and Scale-Up of Optimized Conducting Indium Tin Oxides (2016)

A high-throughput optimization and subsequent scale-up methodology has been used for the synthesis of conductive tin-doped indium oxide (known as ITO) nanoparticles. ITO nanoparticles with up to 12 at % Sn were synthesized using a laboratory scale (15 g/hour by dry mass) continuous hydrothermal synthesis process, and the as-synthesized powders were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Under standard synthetic conditions, either the cubic In2O3 phase, or a mixture of InO(OH) and In2O3 phases were observed in the as-synthesized materials. These materials were pressed into compacts and heat-treated in an inert atmosphere, and their electrical resistivities were then measured using the Van der Pauw method. Sn doping yielded resistivities of ∼ 10(-2) Ω cm for most samples with the lowest resistivity of 6.0 × 10(-3) Ω cm (exceptionally conductive for such pressed nanopowders) at a Sn concentration of 10 at %. Thereafter, the optimized lab-scale composition was scaled-up using a pilot-scale continuous hydrothermal synthesis process (at a rate of 100 g/hour by dry mass), and a comparable resistivity of 9.4 × 10(-3) Ω cm was obtained. The use of the synthesized TCO nanomaterials for thin film fabrication was finally demonstrated by deposition of a transparent, conductive film using a simple spin-coating process.
Small-molecule activation chemistry catalyzed by proton-coupled electron transfer (2002)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2002.
Sc modified multiferroic BiFeO3 thin films prepared through a sol-gel process (2007)

Multiferroic thin films with the general formula BiFe1−xScxO3 (x=0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5mol%) (BFS) were synthesized on Pt∕Ti∕SiO2∕Si substrates through a sol-gel deposition method. From the x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was observed that the unit cell volume increased upon Sc doping up to 0.3mol%. Impure phase appeared for the BFS (Sc: 0.5mol%) films. Leakage current, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties were also found to improve for Sc doping up to 0.3mol%. Room temperature magnetic coercive field for in-plane orientation of films showed the lowest value for BFS (Sc: 0.3mol%) films, which indicates that BFS (Sc: 0.3mol%) films were more magnetically soft. Room temperature value of the magnetodielectric effect in the presence of magnetic field of 8kOe was found to have maximum of 3.36% for the BFS (Sc: 0.3mol%) films. From the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, it was observed that the Fe has mixed valency states of 2+ and 3+. The ratio of Fe2+ and Fe3+ was found to decrease slightly in BFS (Sc: 0.3mol%) films. The improved leakage current and M-H loops support the authors’ observation.
Re-optimisation of LPC filters for multi-pulsecoded excitation (1999)

A method for optimising LPC filters in linear prediction based speech coders is described. The optimisation process compensates for errors incurred through coding the excitation signal, providing an improvement in the quality of the decoded speech, with no increase in bit rate.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF A CARBONYL LIGAND ON THE REACTIVITY OF COBALT(2+) ION TOWARD ALKANES (1984)

Abstract Durch Elektronenstoß aus Co3(CO)" erzeugtes C05" ist nicht reaktiv gegenüber Alkanen, während durch Zugabe eines CO‐Liganden erzeugtes iCo3CO+ einen wirkungsvollen Angriff von C‐H‐Bindungen in Alkanen bedingt.
Comparison of somatostatin-28 and somatostatin-14 clearance by the perfused rat liver (1985)

The hepatic clearances of somatostatin (SS)-28 and SS-14 by the perfused rat liver were compared, using a recirculating, plasma-free, erythrocyte-containing perfusion system. The disappearance rate constant, half time, clearance, and hepatic extraction ratio when 1.2 nM SS-28 was added to the perfusate were 0.0221 +/- 0.0051 min-1, 36.6 +/- 7.6 min, 0.34 +/- 0.08 mL/min, and 17.2 +/- 3.9%, respectively. The corresponding values obtained when SS-14 was added to the perfusate were 0.0405 +/- 0.0022 min-1, 17.3 +/- 1.0 min, 0.71 +/- 0.05 mL/min, and 35.4 +/- 2.6%, respectively. The differences between the SS-28 and SS-14 indices were all statistically significant. In addition, the perfusates with SS-28 added were eluted on Sephadex G-25 fine columns and somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) was determined. No SS-14 was found in perfusate containing SS-28 at both 5 and 30 min after the beginning of the perfusion. To investigate whether or not the liver plays an important role in the clearance of SS-28 or the conversion of SS-14 in vivo, the plasma disappearance of 2 micrograms SS-28 was compared in the whole rat and the functionally hepatectomized model. The half time of plasma SS-28 was 1.43 +/- 0.12 min in the whole rat, significantly shorter than the 2.20 +/- 0.14 min in the hepatectomized model. Gel filtration of plasma extract samples at 0.5 min after the SS-28 injection showed two major peaks of SLI: a first peak corresponding to SS-28 and a second peak coeluted in the position of SS-14 in both the whole rat and the hepatectomized model. At 4 min after the SS-28 injection, the first peak disappeared and only a small second peak was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recruitment, Personnel Selection and Organizational Effectiveness (2002)

This chapter contains section titled: Recruitment and Personnel Selection Personnel Selection and Individual Performance Validity of Structured Assessment Methods Multivariate Perspectives The Utility of Selection Tests Problems in Linking Test Validity With Organizational Effectiveness References
Experimental Demonstration of Non-Foster Self-oscillating Huygens Radiator (2020)

An extension of the basic concept of a self-oscillating non-Foster cross-dipole to a self-oscillating Huygens radiator has been developed theoretically and studied numerically. A proof-of-concept prototype has been built. The realized antenna consists of two orthogonal dipole-loop pairs, a negative impedance converter, and a tuning LC circuit. In this paper we report the basic concepts and the initial results obtained with a scaled RF demonstrator operating in the 60 MHz regime. The preliminary results have demonstrated self-oscillations with nearly-perfect admittance matching over a tuning bandwidth of 1:1.35. The familiar cardioid-like radiation pattern was achieved as designed across the 10% relative bandwidth. These results confirm the efficacy of the basic idea of self-oscillating non-Foster Huygens radiators.
Latent semantic information in maximum entropy language models for conversational speech recognition (2003)

Latent semantic analysis (LSA), first exploited in indexing documents for information retrieval, has since been used by several researchers to demonstrate impressive reductions in the perplexity of statistical language models on text corpora such as the Wall Street Journal. In this paper we present an investigation into the use of LSA in language modeling for conversational speech recognition. We find that previously proposed methods of combining an LSA-based unigram model with an N-gram model yield much smaller reductions in perplexity on speech transcriptions than has been reported on written text. We next present a family of exponential models in which LSA similarity is a feature of a word-history pair. The maximum entropy model in this family yields a greater reduction in perplexity, and statistically significant improvements in recognition accuracy over a trigram model on the Switchboard corpus. We conclude with a comparison of this LSA-featured model with a previously proposed topic-dependent maximum entropy model.
Insulin stimulates phosphorylation of c-Jun, c-Fos, and Fos-related proteins in cultured adipocytes. (1994)

In differentiated 3T3-F442A adipocytes, insulin stimulated rapid and transient phosphorylation of c-Jun. Insulin also stimulated phosphorylation of c-Fos and several Fos-related proteins (pp72, pp45, and pp39) as indicated by precipitation with anti-c-Fos antibody following exposure to denaturating conditions. Phosphorylation of c-Fos was stimulated by 7-fold by 60 min, while phosphorylation of Fos-related proteins reached maxima of 3.5-5.5-fold at 15 to 60 min. The increase in phosphorylated c-Fos was due to an increase in both c-Fos protein and the stoichiometry of c-Fos phosphorylation, and was not observed in c-fos (-/-) cells. Additionally, insulin stimulated phosphorylation of a protein with molecular mass of approximately 82 kDa on tyrosine residues by 2.5-fold within 30 min; this protein appeared to be immunologically related to c-Fos. These increases in the phosphorylation of AP-1 transcription factors correlated with a > 5-fold stimulation of expression of a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive element-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene transiently transfected into 3T3-F442A cells. These results indicate that insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of AP-1 transcription factors and several Fos-related proteins on serine and tyrosine residues. This is associated with changes in AP-1-mediated gene expression in vivo, suggesting that AP-1 phosphorylation by insulin plays a role in insulin-regulated gene expression.
Improving the Reliability of the Auditory Middle latency Response by Monitoring EEG Delta Activity (1993)

The auditory middle latency response (MLR), a useful tool in the assessment of low-frequency auditory sensitivity, can be consistently recorded in young children during wakefulness, stages 1 and 2, and REM sleep. Responses are often absent or questionable during stage 4. An on-line measure indicating favorable periods for recording MLR during sleep is important for interpretation of absent potentials. Here, for children 5 to 7 years old, the reliability and detectability of MLR was compared to sleep state and the dominance of delta activity (0-3 Hz) in the EEG frequency spectrum. Dominance of delta activity, a characteristic of stage 4, was expressed in a "delta ratio," a measure of relative EEG energy in the 0 to 3 Hz frequency spectrum. A fixed delta ratio (DR = 9) allowed the differentiation of periods favorable for MLR. MLR wave Pa amplitude and latency also varied with delta ratio. Results indicate that on-line monitoring of the delta ratio will allow reliable testing of MLR in clinical situations.
Effect of Fe-Mo promoters on HZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for 1-hexene aromatization (2018)

The promotional effect of Fe-Mo species introduced into HZSM-5 (Zeolyst Int., SiO2/Al2O3 ≈ 30) zeolite catalyst by the wetness impregnation method for the 1-hexene aromatization was investigated. The structure and catalytic performance for the aromatization of 1-hexene over xFeyMo-ZSM-5 catalysts in comparison with unmodified HZSM-5 catalysts were studied. The xFeyMo-ZSM-5 catalysts contain fixed loading (5 wt%) and variable Fe/Mo ratio. The catalysts were characterized by BET, ICP-AES, HRSEM-EDS, HRTEM, XRD, FTIR, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD, and pyridine DRIFT spectroscopy. The characterization data confirmed the existence of Fe and Mo species in the zeolite matrix. With Fe and Mo species implementation to HZSM-5 zeolite, the amount of the acid sites decreased, but the selectivities to C9+ aromatics increased. The catalyst evaluation was performed at 350 °C for 6 h on-stream at atmospheric pressure using a fixed-bed quartz tube reactor. The selectivity to products of different carbon number was affected by the Fe/Mo ratio within the zeolite. It was found the product distribution of grouped fractions of C1–C17+ from the liquid product. The results indicate that the optimum ratio of Fe/Mo is 1–1.5. The highest selectivity for gasoline and distillate ranges was obtained for the 2.5wt%Fe2.5wt%Mo- and 3wt%Fe2wt%Mo-ZSM-5 samples, which was higher than that for parent HZSM-5 catalyst.
International consensus statements for endoscopic management of distal biliary stricture (2019)

Distal biliary strictures (DBS) are common and may be caused by both malignant and benign pathologies. While endoscopic procedures play a major role in their management, a comprehensive review of the subject is still lacking. Our consensus statements were formulated by a group of expert Asian pancreatico-biliary interventional endoscopists, following a proposal from the Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan, the Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, and the Tokyo Conference of Asian Pancreato-biliary Interventional Endoscopy. Based on a literature review utilizing Medline, Cochrane library, and Embase databases, a total of 19 consensus statements on DBS were made on diagnosis, endoscopic drainage, benign biliary stricture, malignant biliary stricture, and management of recurrent biliary obstruction and other complications. Our consensus statements provide comprehensive guidance for the endoscopic management of DBS.