gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Scanning Range for Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy Using a Tunable Optical Parametric Oscillator (1996)

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a well-known form of nonlinear spectroscopy that has been used for a wide range of specialized quantitative applications. From an analytical chemist's point of view, however, conventional CARS is impractical as a tool for qualitative and quantitative analyses because the scan range is too short to produce complete vibrational spectra. This paper introduces a new technique, synchronously scanned optical parametric oscillator (OPO) CARS, that improves the potential for using nonlinear spectroscopy as an analytical technique in both gas- and condensed-phase samples. First, it uses a broadly tunable OPO to increase the scan range. Second, phase matching problems that limit scans in condensed-phase CARS are reduced by using both the signal and the idler beams in a synchronous scanning manner. Finally, this synchronous scanning method generates an output signal that remains fixed at a single wavelength (single-wavelength detection). Advantages of single-wavelength detection include reduction of stray light, simplicity, and elimination of the need for wavelength calibration of the detection optics. Results are presented on neat and mixed samples in gas and condensed phases.
Synthesis, characterization and ocular biocompatibility of potential keratoprosthetic hydrogels based on photopolymerized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-co-poly(acrylic acid) (2011)

Development of functional hydrogels for use in anterior lamellar keratoplasty can potentially eliminate the risk of corneal endothelial rejection associated with penetrating keratoplasty. This study aims to copolymerize 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with acrylic acid (AAc) to fabricate a transparent, bioinert keratoprosthesis base material that evokes minimal ocular cell/tissue response and suppresses corneal epithelial cell attachment and growth. In the presence of varying amounts of monomers (i.e., 72–92% HEMA and 0–20% AAc), initiators (i.e., 2–6% 2,2-diethoxyacetophenone (DEAP)), and cross-linkers (i.e., 2–6% trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA)), the photopolymerized samples were synthesized successfully by varying reaction time (i.e., 10–50 min), and were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. While the introduction of PAAc into the structure of PHEMA can enhance the water content and oxygen and nutrient permeability, it simultaneously reduces mechanical and suture strength as well as resists protein adsorption and cell adhesion. For an incomplete cross-linked hydrogel prepared with lowest DEAP and TMPTMA content or least UV irradiation time, significant cytotoxicity and inflammation were noted, probably due to the presence of more unreacted CC bonds. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the membranes obtained from optimized photopolymerization conditions had good compatibility with the corneal epithelial cell cultures and the anterior segment of the eye. Additionally, the properties of this poly(HEMA-co-AAc) material were comparable to those of native corneas, suggesting that it may be a promising candidate for direct application in artificial cornea or further surface functionalization during keratoprosthesis design.
Hyalgan® has a dose‐dependent differential effect on macrophage proliferation and cell death (2003)

The intra-articular injection of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) has been reported to be an effective treatment for pain of osteoarthritis of the knee. However, the mechanism by which HA exerts its effect is unknown. To explore HA's influence on the growth of U937 human macrophages, cells were incubated for 168 h with three concentrations, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mg/mL, of Hyalgan, a high molecular weight HA preparation. At 24-h increments, the cells were examined for proliferation, cell cycle distribution as well as the number of apoptotic and dead cells. Exposing macrophages to 1 mg/mL Hyalgan significantly reduced the rate of cellular proliferation and altered the cell cycle distribution to yield decreased proportions of G0/G1 cells but increased S and G2/M cells. Concomitantly, a 10-fold increase in apoptotic cells and a 12-fold increase in dead cells were observed. The population doubling time (PDT) for cells treated with 1.0 mg/mL Hyalgan increased from 23.6 to 52.9 h. By contrast, the two lower Hyalgan concentrations significantly promoted macrophage proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. They also increased the proportion of G2/M cells, but had no effect on the number of apoptotic or dead cells. The PDTs of 21.5 and 22.2 h were less than the control time of 23.6 h. These results demonstrate that Hyalgan concentrations have a differential effect on macrophage growth dynamics and suggest an anti-inflammatory effect at high HA concentrations.
Derivatives of mycophenolic acid (1978)

Derivatives of mycophenolic acid and of mycochromenic acid are reported. These compounds include a relatively stable tertiary iodide.
Topical preparations for pain relief: efficacy and patient adherence (2010)

There has been an increasing focus on development of new routes of drug administration to provide tailored treatments for patients, without decreasing efficacy of analgesia, in proportion to the progression of the knowledge of pain mechanisms. While acute pain acts as an alarm, chronic pain is a syndrome requiring meticulous selection of analgesic drugs of high bioavailability for long-term use. Such criteria are challenges that topical medications aim to overcome, allowing progressive delivery of active component, maintaining stable plasma levels, with a good safety profile. This review presents recent findings regarding topical formulations of the most widely used drugs for pain treatment, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, anesthetics, and capsaicin, and the role of physical agents as delivery enhancers (phonophoresis and iontophoresis). Although the number of topical agents is limited for use in peripheral conditions, increasing evidence supports the efficacy of these preparations in blocking nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Patient adherence to medical treatment is also a challenge, especially in chronic painful conditions. It is known that reduction of treatment complexity and pill burden are good strategies to increase patient compliance, as discussed here. However, the role of topical presentations, when compared to traditional routes, has not yet been fully explored and thus remains unclear.
Land Use Changes and Flood Hazard with the Development in N. Part of Sapporo C., Hokkaido, Japan (1989)

札幌市では, 自然のシステムを活用し, 人間の生活環境に適した扇状地を市街地に, 山地や台地は森林, 低地は畑, 水田, 一部は湿地のままにするという自然条件を配慮した土地利用がなされてきた。しかし, 近年, 人口の急激な増加により, 保水機能をもっていた湿地, 水田, 畑などの緑が減少するとともに, 大雨や地震等の災害時に危険性の高い低湿地に市街地が拡大し, 自然条件に立脚した土地利用計画が必要であることが示された。
Improved contractile function in the reperfused rat heart by the radical scavenger 2-[3-aminopropylamino] ethane thiol. (1989)

The action of the radioprotector WR 10 65 on regional function of the left ventricular muscle in ischemic injured and reperfused rat heart was investigated employing a new fiber optic based method for determination of segment shortening. In anesthetized rats exposed to regional myocardial ischemia by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 60 minutes followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion WR 10 65 applicated in a dosage of 1 mM/kg body weight intraperitoneally 30 minutes prior to ischemia induced an improvement of post ischemic recovery of segment shortening from 31% of pre-ischemic values in untreated animals to 64.6%. Because only moderate alterations in global functional parameters compared to control group were found in WR 10 65 treated animals, it is presumed that the observed influence on regional myocardial function is less due to changes in cardiac load than to the radical scavenger activity of the tested agent. A possible contribution of hypoxic and hypocalcemic activity of the substance remains to elucidate.
Robust motion control algorithm for belt-driven servomechanism (2003)

This paper presents a derivation of a new motion control algorithm which addresses the control of a belt-driven servomechanism. The control algorithm is obtained by using sliding mode control theory and Lyapunov design. The control law performance is robust and chattering free, since it uses continuous control action. The algorithm is implemented in a industrial motion controller for a laser-cutting machine. Experimental results are shown.
Fossilized Venom: The Unusually Conserved Venom Profiles of Heloderma Species (Beaded Lizards and Gila Monsters) (2014)

Research into snake venoms has revealed extensive variation at all taxonomic levels. Lizard venoms, however, have received scant research attention in general, and no studies of intraclade variation in lizard venom composition have been attempted to date. Despite their iconic status and proven usefulness in drug design and discovery, highly venomous helodermatid lizards (gila monsters and beaded lizards) have remained neglected by toxinological research. Proteomic comparisons of venoms of three helodermatid lizards in this study has unravelled an unusual similarity in venom-composition, despite the long evolutionary time (~30 million years) separating H. suspectum from the other two species included in this study (H. exasperatum and H. horridum). Moreover, several genes encoding the major helodermatid toxins appeared to be extremely well-conserved under the influence of negative selection (but with these results regarded as preliminary due to the scarcity of available sequences). While the feeding ecologies of all species of helodermatid lizard are broadly similar, there are significant morphological differences between species, which impact upon relative niche occupation.
An Electroencephalographic Classification for Coma (1997)

Our system for classifying EEGs in comatose patients has a higher interobserver reliability than one that was previously published. This EEG classification scheme should be useful in clinical electrophysiological research involving ICU patients, allowing for internal consistency and comparisons among centres.
Dream It, Design It, Print It in 3-D: What Can 3-D Printing Do for You? (2013)

So maybe we are not all driving to work in a flying car or are being beamed up by a transporter yet, but we should be clearing out a space in the lab and perhaps in the office for a replicator. Sure, they may not work the same as the replicators on Star Trek that instantaneously pop out hot, full-course meals to suit any crew member's whim, but they can generate three-dimensional (3-D) objects to match your computer design.
Characterization of Secretory Type IIA Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) as a Glycyrrhizin (GL)-Binding Protein and the GL-Induced Inhibition of the CK-II-Mediated Stimulation of sPLA2-IIA Activity in Vitro. (2001)

By means of heparin-affinity and glycyrrhizin (GL)-affinity column chromatographies (HPLC), a GL-binding phospholipase A2 (gbPLA2) was selectively purified from the synovial fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This purified gbPLA2 was identified as a secretory type IIA PLA2 (sPLA2-IIA) since it was crossreacted with anti-sPLA2-IIA serum. The activity of purified sPLA2-IIA was inhibited by glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) and a GA derivative (oGA) in a dose-dependent manner, but it was more sensitive to GA than GL. Furthermore, it was found that (i) purified sPLA2-IIA is phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CK-II) in vitro; (ii) this phosphorylation induces in a significant stimulation of PLA2 activity; and (iii) oGA at one-tenth the concentration of GL inhibits the CK-II-mediated stimulation of sPLA2-IIA activity. These results show that (i) sPLA2-IIA is a GL-binding protein; and (ii) CK-II mediates stimulation of its PLA2 activity in vitro.
Parallel processing algorithms for linear predictive coding (2005)

The use of the SIMD (single instruction stream-multiple data stream) mode of parallelism to perform linear predictive coding analysis is explored. Parallel algorithms for the autocorrelation formulation of linear prediction are presented and analyzed. The algorithms are evaluated in terms of the number of arithmetic operations and interprocessor data transfers required.
Transition temperature range of thermally activated nickel-titanium archwires (2014)

The thermally activated NiTi archwires present great variability in the TTR and the elastic parameters of each NiTi archwire should be provided by the manufacturers, to allow achievement of the best clinical performance possible.
Gastric Emptying and Gastric-Intestinal Transit In Rats with Varying Ovarian Hormone Status (1996)

Basal and stimulated gastric emptying and gastrointestinal (GI) transit in rats of varying ovarian hormone status were compared to define direct ovarian hormone effects on GI function. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was used to evoke vagal GI motility stimulation. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized (equithesin), ovariectomized, and implanted with 28-day estrogen (E), progesterone, (P), E+P, or vehicle (V) pellets; males were also studied. On Day 26, fasted rats were anesthetized (urethane). Nonabsorbable 14C polyethylene glycol-4000 in saline was gavaged at t = 0. At t = 5 minutes, TRH or saline was administered intracisternally. At t = 30 or 60 minutes, the GI tract was removed, ligated, sectioned, and counted. Gastric emptying was expressed as 100% minus the ratio of gastric to total counts; GI transit was expressed as geometric center of radioactivity. In saline-treated rats, gastric emptying and GI transit at 60 minutes varied significantly among ovarian hormone-treated groups, with E lower and males elevated. TRH-significantly increased both variables at both times in all groups. Results are consistent with acceleration of upper GI function in the absence of E, possibly contributing to GI symptoms during menopause and late luteal phase.
The paradox of the 1,001 cats (1982)

Echange entre l'A. et P. Geach concernant un paradoxe propose par ce dernier: si un chat est sur le tapis, et soit C la masse continue la plus grande de tissu felin sur le tapis, et si le chat a au moins 1000 poils, il y a une partie propre de C qui contient tout C sauf un nombre quelconque de poils Hn et qui differe de C. C est un chat, et Cn (partie de chat) l'est aussi. Il y a donc au moins 1001 chats sur le tapis. Le paradoxe porte sur la relation d'identite, dont Geach soutient qu'elle est relative et non pas absolue.
Architectural Thermal Energy Harvesting Opportunities for Sustainable Computing (2013)

Increased power dissipation in computing devices has led to a sharp rise in thermal hotspots, creating thermal runaway. To reduce the additional power requirement caused by increased temperature, current approaches apply cooling mechanisms to remove heat or apply management techniques to avoid thermal emergencies by slowing down heat generation. This paper proposes to tackle the heat management problem of computing platforms with a fundamentally new approach - instead of heat removal using cooling mechanisms and heat avoidance using dynamic thermal/power management techniques, this work investigates the mechanisms to recover wasted heat into reusable energy for sustainable computing.
Modelling unknown words in spontaneous speech (2002)

We describe our experiments with different acoustic and language models for unknown words in spontaneous speech. We propose a syllable based approach for the acoustic modelling of new words. Several models of different degrees of complexity are evaluated against each other. We show that the modelling of new words can decrease the error rate in the recognition of spontaneous human-to-human speech. In addition, the new word models can be used as a measure of confidence capable of detecting errors in the recognition of spontaneous speech. Although the best performance is reached by applying phonetic a-priori knowledge in the design of the acoustic models, a pure data-driven approach is proposed which performs only slightly less efficiently.
Combination therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: one size fits all? (2003)

Combination therapy
3-D path planning for a mobile robot (2010)

A reliable navigation of a mobile robot in a dynamic change condition is demonstrated. To complete non-collision movement when the robot is in a complex dynamic change condition, a trajectory prediction system is developing to reliably predict the target trajectory during occlusion caused by obstacles. Algorithms for the device to perform path planning and trajectory prediction are described. After the information of the dynamic workspace is constructed, a path planning algorithm based on neural network is used to realize path planning. Neural network retraining is automatically triggered if major changes in the target behavior pattern are detected. The path planner uses super quadratic potential fields and incorporates a height change mechanism that is triggered where necessary and in order to get over short massif or pass by the taller obstacle. Simulation results for the system are presented.
December 13, 1866 (1866)

The Javan and Sumatran races
Perception-Based Musical Pattern Discovery (2003)

A new general methodology for Musical Pattern Discovery is proposed, which tries to mimic the flow of cognitive and sub-cognitive inferences that are processed when hearing a piece of music. A brief survey shows the necessity to handle such perceptual heuristics and to specify perceptual constraints on discoverable structures. For instance, successive notes between patterns should verify a specific property of closeness. A musical pattern class is defined as a set of characteristics that are approximately shared by different pattern occurrences within the score. Moreover, pattern occurrence not only relies on internal sequence properties, but also on external context. Onto the score is build pattern occurrence chains which themselves interface with pattern class chains. Pattern classes may be interassociated, in order to formalize relations of inclusion or repetition. The implemented algorithm is able to discover pertinent patterns, even when occurrences are, as in everyday music, translated, slightly distorted, slowed or fastened.
Thyrotropin-Stimulated DNA Synthesis and Thyroglobulin Expression in Normal and Hyperthyroid Feline Thyrocytes in Monolayer Culture (2005)

Feline hyperthyroidism is a common, spontaneous disease in older cats that is similar clinically and histopathologically to human toxic multinodular goiter (TNG). In this study, the functional response of feline normal thyroid (NT) and hyperthyroid (HT) cells grown in monolayer culture to thyrotropin (TSH) was determined. Basal levels of DNA synthesis were similar in NT and HT cells. TSH stimulated concentration-dependent DNA synthesis in NT and HT cells, with maximal stimulation seen at 1 and 10 mU/mL TSH in NT and HT cells, respectively. HT cells had higher basal levels of thyroglobulin (Tg) expression. TSH stimulated Tg expression in NT and HT cells in a concentration-dependent fashion, with maximal activity at 0.5 and 5 mU/mL TSH, respectively. These results demonstrate that NT and HT cells in monolayer culture exhibit growth and functional responses to TSH. HT cells have higher basal Tg expression than NT cells and require higher TSH concentrations to stimulate DNA synthesis and Tg expression, two measures of thyroid cell activation. These data support the idea that feline hyperthyroidism is caused by cell abnormalities, resulting in dysregulated growth and hormone synthesis, and emphasize its importance as an animal model for TNG.
876. The search for chemotherapeutic amidines. Part XVI. Amidinoanilino-1,3,5-triazines and related compounds (1960)

J. N. Ashley, S. S. Berg and R. D. MacDonald, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 4525 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600004525
Système instrumental pour la rhéologie ultrasonore (2006)

L'elaboration de fluides complexes (les produits de soins, menagers ou agroalimentaires), constitue un enjeu economique important. En particulier, la mise au point de nouveaux materiaux a transition de phase s'avere en fait tres complexe. Elle necessite un suivi precis des caracteristiques viscoelastiques a l'aide de systemes de controle non destructifs adaptes. Le dispositif experimental original developpe dans le cadre de cette these utilise un capteur piezoelectrique qui a ete dimensionne de sorte a optimiser sa sensibilite. Pour extraire les caracteristiques du materiau, un nouveau mode��le electrique a ete developpe. Il tient compte simultanement des evolutions electriques et mecaniques du materiau. Nous validons notre instrumentation et le modele associe sur deux types materiaux : des materiaux elabores par le procede sol-gel (peu conducteurs) et des yaourts en formation (conducteurs).
A residue number arithmetic based circuit for pipelined computation of autocorrelation coefficients of speech signal (2002)

This paper presents a new design for module multipliers suitable for moduli that are not necessarily prime. The design avoids the need for building special purpose look-up tables. An RNS arithmetic based autocorrelator circuit that uses a large number of these multipliers is designed. The paper also describes the automated design strategy using a hardware compiler for RNS, and presents the results of the synthesis.
CHEF Electrophoresis, a Sensitive Technique for the Determination of DNA Double-strand Breaks (1989)

It has been demonstrated that clamped homogeneous electrical field (CHEF) electrophoresis is a suitable method for the determination of DNA double-strand breaks in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. It allows the separation of DNA molecules up to 10 Mbp. The fraction of DNA fragments of this size is correlated with the number of radiation induced double-strand breaks. The resolution limit of the technique is equivalent to the effect of about 1 Gy (gamma-rays). Double-strand break repair was monitored after irradiation with Co-60 gamma rays and the repair time constant determined to t1/2 = 30-35 min. In combination with the detection of DNA by fluorescence, CHEF electrophoresis provides an easy and sensitive method for the determination of double-strand break repair which does not require the radioactive labelling of cells.
A microtiter plate assay for measurement of serum alanine aminotransferase in blood donors (1995)

The microtiter plate ALT assay is helpful in allowing the simultaneous distribution of ALT and immunoenzymatic assays. It provides accurate results and a minimal risk of false-negative results.
Effect of Mixing and Moisture Modification on Toughening and Dimethylamine Formation in Alaska Pollock Mince during Frozen Storage at −10°C (1989)

ABSTRACT Alaska pollock minces having reduced, normal and elevated levels of moisture were stored at ‐ 10°C for 2 and 4 wk to determine how toughening was influenced by different amounts of ice in the frozen tissue. Minces containing reduced or elevated amounts of ice exhibited greater toughening than that observed in control minces. Also, some minces received an extra mixing step prior to freezing and this resulted in less toughening during storage, perhaps due to oxygen incorporated and partial inhibition of the enzyme system that converts trimethylamine oxide to dimethylamine and formaldehyde. However, among moisture‐modified minces that received the same mixing treatment, development of toughening did not relate in any consistent manner with the development of dimethylamine.
Alamouti OFDM/OQAM Systems with Time Reversal Technique (2014)

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing with Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OFDM / OQAM) is a multicarrier modulation scheme that can be considered as an alternative to the conventional Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with Cyclic Prefix (CP) for transmission over multipath fading channels. In this paper, we investigate the combination of the OFDM/OQAM with Alamouti system with Time Reversal (TR) technique.