gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A MEMS IR thermal source for NDIR gas sensors (2006)

A MEMS thermal emitter based on heating thin film resistors has been studied for the MEMS infrared gas sensor as an infrared (IR) source. The IR source, with an effective emitting area of 1.6 times 1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , is fabricated using heated platinum thin film resistors deposited on a Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /Si0 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> membrane. IR radiation power of the emitter is up to 60mW with the effective blackbody temperature ranged from 300 to 850K. Moreover, it has very good dynamic parameters a modulation frequency as high as 100Hz and a response time of 23ms. The properties of the source demonstrate the potential applications to meet the performance, size and low-cost requirements of the mass market
Network traffic classification techniques and challenges (2015)

The number of alleged crimes in computer networks had not increased until a few years ago. Real-time analysis has become essential to detect any suspicious activities. Network classification is the first step of network traffic analysis, and it is the core element of network intrusion detection systems (IDS). Although the techniques of classification have improved and their accuracy has been enhanced, the growing trend of encryption and the insistence of application developers to create new ways to avoid applications being filtered and detected are among the reasons that this field remains open for further research. This paper discusses how researchers apply Machine Learning (ML) algorithms in several classification techniques, utilising the statistical properties of the network traffic flow. It also outlines the next stage of our research, which involves investigating different classification techniques (supervised, semi-supervised, and unsupervised) that use ML algorithms to cope with real-world network traffic.
Insulin-sensitive and insulin-resistant obese and non-obese phenotypes: role in prediction of incident pre-diabetes in a longitudinal biracial cohort (2017)

Insulin sensitivity predicts ~40% decrease in the relative risk of incident pre-diabetes/T2D among obese persons, whereas insulin resistance predicts ~80% increased risk among non-obese persons. This is the first documentation of healthy and unhealthy phenotypes of obesity and leanness in a prospective biracial cohort, using rigorous measurement of insulin sensitivity.
Goodput Enhancement of VANETs in Noisy CSMA/CA Channels (2011)

The growing interest in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enables decentralized traveler information systems to become more feasible and effective in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). Major challenges in such network environments include varying path characteristics and vulnerable channel quality resulting from dynamic traffic conditions and the design of the road. This paper demonstrates a feasible methodology that can enhance inter-vehicle information dissemination using dynamic optimal fragmentation with rate adaptation algorithm (DORA). DORA achieves maximum goodput in wireless mobile networks by computing a fragmentation threshold and transmitting optimal sized packets with maximum transfer rates. To estimate the SNR in the model, an adaptive on-demand UDP estimator is designed to reduce estimation overhead. Several test-beds were developed to evaluate the performance of DORA in channel estimation accuracy, ad hoc network goodput, and vehicle-to-vehicle network goodput along I-85 in Atlanta, Georgia. The proposed algorithm is an energy-efficient, generic CSMA/CA MAC protocol for wireless mobile computing applications, and enhances system goodput in ad hoc networks and vehicle-to-vehicle networks without modification of the base protocols.
Fluoride and osteoporosis. (1972)

After a review of the historical background and the first studies with fluoride therapy for osteoporosis the author presents his own studies of more than 100 cases of industrial fluorosis. It is followed by instructions how to perform the fluoride therapy: indications, contra-indications, dosage, controls and additional therapy. Since 1969 we treated 158 patients suffering from primary and secondary osteoporosis with 3 different sodium fluoride preparations (pure sodium fluoride powder, Ossin, Koreberon). Clinically and subjectively, 80.4% recovered or became symptom-free. In 53.8% (with Koreberon in 64%), we detected radiologically distinct reossification in the spine after 23 +/- 12 months, in a further 26.6% the reossification was questionable and only 4.4% showed further fractures. In summary, we found about 20% of fast-responders (reossification after 13.2 months, high alkaline phosphatase), 60% of responders and 20% of non-responders. The strengthening effect of the sodium fluoride therapy becomes especially evident if considering the spontaneous fracture rate. Side effects were: gastrointestinal disturbances (34%), gastric ulcers (4.4%), stress fractures (6.9%), very common arthralgies (34%), and sometimes overdosages (fluorosis). Only if therapy is controlled most intensively will the greatest effectiveness be obtained.
Effect of Fin Angle on Electrical Characteristics of Nanoscale Round-Top-Gate Bulk FinFETs (2007)

In this brief, electrical characteristics of 25-nm round-top-gate fin-typed field-effect transistors (FinFETs) on silicon wafers are numerically explored. With an ideal fin angle (i.e., thetas = 90deg), the FinFETs with doped and undoped (for this case, the device has a metal gate) channels that was fabricated on silicon and silicon-on-insulator wafers are simulated and compared. With a 3-D quantum-correction-transport simulation, characteristic comparison shows that bulk FinFETs with the undoped channel possess promising electrical characteristics. By considering different short-channel effects, dependence of the device performance on the nonideal fin angle and fin height is further investigated. Optimal structure configuration for the round-top-gate bulk FinFETs is thus drawn to show the strategy of fabrication in sub-25-nm MOSFET devices.
Bloch modes and disorder phenomena in coupled resonator chains (2007)

Coherent photon coupling and disorder effects in chains of coupled resonators are studied both theoretically and experimentally, aiming at applications in the visible spectral range. Coupling effects have been explored utilizing the Bloch-mode formation in linear structures of quantum dot doped microsphere resonators. Coherent coupling in chains of 14 resonators is evidenced experimentally by spectrally and spatially resolved mode spectroscopy. Realizing a coupling constant of $\ensuremath{\kappa}=1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ensures spectral distinction of the collective resonances. Experimentally, a slowing factor of $S=31$ is derived for the group velocity of light. A coupled oscillator model for arbitrarily disordered chains of coupled resonator delay lines is presented. The transition between order and disorder effects is investigated with a formalism combining Bloch-mode formation with mutual anticrossing relations.
Hierarchical porous polyacrylonitrile-based activated carbon fibers for CO2 capture (2011)

Hierarchical porous activated carbon fibers with a BET surface area of 2231 m2 g−1 and a pore volume of 1.16 cm3 g−1 were made from polyacrylonitrile through pre-oxidation and chemical activation. This type of material contains a large amount of nitrogen-containing groups (N content > 8.1 wt%) and consequently basic sites, resulting in a faster adsorption rate and a higher adsorption capacity for CO2 than pure carbon materials with analogous structures under the same conditions. Moreover, its adsorption capacity for CO2 was more than 3.3-times higher than that for N2. In particular, it showed a much higher CO2 adsorption capacity than zeolite 13X, which is conventionally used to capture CO2, in the presence of H2O.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene for a 74 kDa DNA polymerase from the archaeon<i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> (1993)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the gene for a 74 kDa DNA polymerase from the archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus Get access David Prangishvili, David Prangishvili Max-Planck-Institut für BiochemieAm Klopferspitz 18, 8033 Martinsried, Germany * On leave from institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Georgian Academy of Sciences, Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Hans-Peter Klenk Hans-Peter Klenk Max-Planck-Institut für BiochemieAm Klopferspitz 18, 8033 Martinsried, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 11, 11 June 1993, Page 2768, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.11.2768 Published: 11 June 1993 Article history Received: 28 April 1993 Accepted: 06 May 1993 Published: 11 June 1993
Sleep/wake estimation using only anterior tibialis electromyography data (2012)

The results of our proposed methods were comparable to those of PSG. The time and frequency domain analyses showed the similar sleep/wake estimation performance.
A ‘transmissible entity’ in the control of cancer in mice (1970)

Abstract The paper is divided into three sections. Section 1 consists of an account of the historical development of a biological concept for cancer control in mice by the senior author. Section 2 presents new data on the effect of a liver‐derived inhibitor of spontaneous tumors of mammary gland origin in mice in inducing a ‘transmissible entity’ that has been passed down through nine generations. The entity affects the biological characteristics of spontaneous tumors in mice and increases in potency in controlling cancer in mice of succeeding generations. The possibility of whether a genetic or a nongenetic transmission is involved in the passage of a ‘transmissible entity’ from generation to generation cannot be determined by the existing data. Section 3 lists the conclusions that have been reached concerning the biological and biochemical characteristics of the tumor inhibitor.
Effects of acidity, calcium, and aluminium on fish survival and productivity—a review (1983)

Abstract Fish survival, growth and productivity are dependent on both biological and environmental factors. The latter can be distinguished as edaphic (which includes water quality) and morphometric (which includes lake and stream morphology). Climatic factors are relatively less significant in temperate waters, except over a long time scale, or over wide geographic areas. In the conditions characteristic of acid lakes— low pH, low calcium and high aluminium concentrations—survival may be reduced, growth may be affected and, consequently, productivity will be low. In spite of inconsistencies in the literature, it can be shown that at low pH (⋍ 4.5), a limiting concentration of calcium is about 1 mg litre −1 and aluminium can have adverse effects at 250 μg litre −1 within a limited range of pH. These three factors appear to interact. Taking age specific fecundity of adults and survival of eggs and fry, it is possible to predict the limiting conditions for maintenance, growth or decline of a fish population. At pH 4.5 and calcium < 0.8 mg litre −1 it may be expected that many lakes will be fishless.
Modeling and control of three-phase PWM converters (1995)

Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) accurately measures cutaneous microcirculatory blood flow. We compared change in LDF flow to change in thermodilution cardiac output in ten critically ill surgical patients. A subset analysis of three patients with low cardiac output (cardiac index less than 2 L/min X m2) showed no correlation. We conclude that, under these study conditions, LDF microcirculatory flow did not reflect macrocirculatory flow. We conjecture that overcoming cutaneous vasoregulation with thermal vasodilation may obviate these results.
CHANGES OF CIRCULATORY–METABOLIC INDICES AND SKULL BIOMECHANICS WITH BRAIN ACTIVITY DURING AGING (2011)

The cerebral blood flow values used in experimental and clinical investigations as the informative criteria for brain blood supply are often misleading. The correlation between the cerebral blood supply and brain function is not proven in all cases. An increase of brain activity is known to be accompanied by a rise of blood flow in activated regions, while a decreased activity results in a decreased blood flow. This demonstrates the close correlation between the brain blood supply and its activity. Such a correlation had not been noted in the age-dependent decrease of cerebral blood flow, suggesting the existence of special age-related mechanisms that develop with age to maintain brain metabolism. The biomechanical properties are of special significance as predicted in the early 20th century. Only recently were they validated by the simultaneous recording of Transcranial Dopplerogram and Rheoencephalogram with in-depth analysis focused on single cardiac cycles. Functioning of the intracranial blood and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics was integrated with a special physiological test "Prognosis-2" to measure brain cognitive function. Correlation was demonstrated with the circulatory-metabolic state of brain activity, especially in people with changing cognitive function. The data supports a conceptual model of adequate circulatory-metabolic supply of brain activity, showing the functional unity, which follows from integration of the mentioned systems.
Studies on fluoroalkylation and fluoroalkoxylation: 8. Palladium(0)-catalyzed addition reaction of fluoroalkyl iodides with alkynes (1986)

Fluoroalkyl iodide RfI [RF=(CF2)nCl, n=2, 4, 6; CF3(CF2)n, n=1, 3; H(CF2)4] reacted with alkyne (CH≡CC4H9; CH≡CSiMe3; CH≡CC6H5) in the presence of catalytic amounts of tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) to give a mixture of E and Z-fluoroalkylated adduct. The reaction could not be catalyzed by dichloro-bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (II) and fluoroalkyl complex of palladium (II). 2-Nitro-2-nitrosopropane partly suppressed the reaction. It is believed that the reaction proceeds through a free radical intermediate rather than fluoroalkyl complex of palladium (II).
A clean slate? (2007)

In this part of the book I attempt to review what is known about the destructive and constructive processes involved in the interaction between volcanoes and living communities, on an ecological rather than an evolutionary timescale. I will pay special attention to those cases on which I have worked, or of which I have been an avid student. I have been greatly assisted by discussions with John Edwards, who kindly sent me the manuscript of his own excellent review on a very similar topic, focusing particularly on his own study area, Mount St Helens (Edwards et al. 1986, Edwards 1988, 1996), Eldon Ball, who encouraged me to try to further his own highly significant work on Motmot and Diamond's classic studies on Long Island off New Guinea, and Sturla Fridriksson, who introduced me to Surtsey and has kept me up to date with his team's fundamentally important precise and intensive long-term studies there. In treating the colonization of Surtsey I have drawn freely from Fridriksson's masterly 1975 and 1994 books and other papers detailing the work of his group, largely published in the Reports of the Surtsey Research Society.
Dedicated robotics team reduces pre-surgical preparation time (2012)

From the time of patient arrival a number of tasks are accomplished by the non-physician operating room staff during RALRP. The use of a consistent staff can decrease preoperative setup times and, therefore, the overall length of surgery.
Drying of Conidia of <i>Penicillium oxalicum</i>, a Biological Control Agent against <i>Fusarium</i> Wilt of Tomato (2003)

Abstract The effects of freeze drying, spray drying, and fluid bed drying on the viability of Penicillium oxalicum conidia were compared. Conidia of P. oxalicum can be dried by fluid bed drying and freeze drying maintaining 100% viability after both processes, but protective additives must be added for obtaining this viability in the case of freeze drying. The best viabilities were obtained after freeze drying with non‐fat skim milk (NFSM) + Tween 20, NFSM + peptone and NFSM + sucrose. However, NFSM + glycerol had only a 0.5% viability after freeze drying. Freeze‐dried P. oxalicum conidia with or without additives did not maintain viability over time at room temperature, while conidia dried in a fluidized bed drier had a 40–50% viability after 180 days of storage in these conditions. Penicillium oxalicum conidial viability after spray‐drying was lower than 20%. Penicillium oxalicum conidia dried by fluid bed drying were effective in reducing the incidence of Fusarium wilt of tomato under glasshouse and field conditions.
A pathogenic IFNα, BLyS and IL-17 axis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients (2016)

Abstract This study aims to analyze in depth the role of IFNα in the upregulation of BLyS in different leukocyte populations and the possible relationship of these molecules with IL-17 and other pathogenic cytokines in SLE. Thus, IFNAR1 and membrane BLyS (mBLyS) expression was upregulated on various blood cell types from patients and closely correlated in all individuals. Moreover, BLyS serum levels associated positively with IFNα and IL-17A amounts, as well as with mBLyS on B cells and neutrophils. Interestingly, mBLyS on neutrophils was also correlated with IL-17A levels. Additionally, intracellular IL-17A expression was increased in both CD4 + lymphocytes and neutrophils from patients and IL-17 + CD4 + T cell frequency was associated with serum IFNα and IFNRA1 expression on B cells. Finally, in vitro assays support an IFNα role in the activation of Th17 cells in SLE. In conclusion, these data suggest that IFNα, BLyS and IL-17 could form a pathological axis in SLE, involving T and B lymphocytes, monocytes, DCs and neutrophils, which act in a vicious circle that encourage the preexisting inflammation and propagate the disease process.
A Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Mimetics (2001)

To allow modular syntheses of oligosaccharide mimetics, the potentially trifunctional glycoside 7 was synthesized and used as a scaffold for the successive attachment of further monosaccharide derivatives to lead to the di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharide mimetics 11, 13, and 16. This synthetic strategy can also be used to prepare oligovalent neoglycoconjugates, e.g., 18, which contains nine mannosyl units. The applied concept implies numerous options for the synthesis of a wide array of structural variations, biolabeling, or solid-phase synthesis as well as combinatorial approaches.
A Dielectric Model of Self-Assembled Monolayer Interfaces by Capacitive Spectroscopy (2012)

The presence of self-assembled monolayers at an electrode introduces capacitance and resistance contributions that can profoundly affect subsequently observed electronic characteristics. Despite the impact of this on any voltammetry, these contributions are not directly resolvable with any clarity by standard electrochemical means. A capacitive analysis of such interfaces (by capacitance spectroscopy), introduced here, enables a clean mapping of these features and additionally presents a means of studying layer polarizability and Cole-Cole relaxation effects. The resolved resistive term contributes directly to an intrinsic monolayer uncompensated resistance that has a linear dependence on the layer thickness. The dielectric model proposed is fully aligned with the classic Helmholtz plate capacitor model and additionally explains the inherently associated resistive features of molecular films.
Partial deficiency of isoleucine impairs root development and alters transcript levels of the genes involved in branched-chain amino acid and glucosinolate metabolism in Arabidopsis (2012)

Isoleucine is one of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) that are essential substrates for protein synthesis in all organisms. Although the metabolic pathway for isoleucine has been well characterized in higher plants, it is not known whether it plays a specific role in plant development. In this study, an Arabidopsis mutant, lib (low isoleucine biosynthesis), that has defects in both cell proliferation and cell expansion processes during root development, was characterized. The lib mutant carries a T-DNA insertion in the last exon of the OMR1 gene that encodes a threonine deaminase/dehydratase (TD). TD catalyses the deamination and dehydration of threonine, which is the first and also the committed step in the biosynthesis of isoleucine. This T-DNA insertion results in a partial deficiency of isoleucine in lib root tissues but it does not affect its total protein content. Application of exogenous isoleucine or introduction of a wild-type OMR1 gene into the lib mutant can completely rescue the mutant phenotypes. These results reveal an important role for isoleucine in plant development. In addition, microarray analysis indicated that the partial deficiency of isoleucine in the lib mutant triggers a decrease in transcript levels of the genes encoding the major enzymes involved in the BCAA degradation pathway; the analysis also indicated that many genes involved in the biosynthesis of methionine-derived glucosinolates are up-regulated.
Visual recognition of conspecifics by swarm robots (2004)

This paper examines the problem of giving very simple swarm robots the capability of recognizing and locating other swarm members. The ability to recognize conspecific robots will allow swarms of robots to adjust their mutual separation as required by any specific task. For instance, robots engaging in flocking behavior will need to maintain a fixed mutual separation. One of the perceived benefits of developing swarm robots is that the individual robots will be simpler than a single complex robot built for the same task. With this in mind it is essential that the robot recognition system be as simple as possible, otherwise part of the justification for using swarms is negated. For this project a visual recognition scheme based on considering the abilities of social insects has been developed. Hardware and processing capabilities are minimal making the scheme suitable for all but the simplest robot systems. In this paper details are given of the camera hardware, and imageprocessing steps required to determine the range and identity of robots carrying visual markings. Results of practical robot recognition experiments are also presented. 1
Analysis and Design of Digital IIR Integrators and Differentiators Using Minimax and Pole, Zero, and Constant Optimization Methods (2013)

Proposed work deals with the design of a family of stable IIR digital integrators via use of minimax and pole, zero, and constant optimization methods. First the minimax optimization method is used to design a family of second-, third-, and fourth-order digital integrators by optimizing the magnitude response in a min-max sense under the satisfactory condition of constant group delay. Then the magnitude and group delay response is further improved using pole, zero, and constant optimization method. Subsequently, by modifying the transfer function of all of the designed integrators appropriately, new differentiators are obtained. Simulation results show that proposed approach outperforms existing design methods in terms of both magnitude and phase response.