gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of hemoglobin M Milwaukee and their implications concerning the mechanism of cooperative oxygenation of hemoglobin (1977)

Hemoglobin M Milwaukee (beta67E11 Val leads to Glu) is a naturally occurring valency hybrid containing two permanently oxidized hemes on the beta chains. In this mutant, the two abnormal beta chains cannot combine with ligands whereas the two alpha chains are normal and can combine with oxygen with a Hill coefficient varying from 1.1 to 1.3 [Udem et al. (1970), J Mol. Biol. 48, 489]. High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 250 MHz has been used to investigate the exchangeable, ring-current shifted, ferrous and ferric hyperfine shifted resonances of Hb M Milwaukee in the absence and presence of organic phosphates. The alpha-heme environment, as manifested by the ring-current shifted resonances in the liganded form as well as the ferrous hyperfine shifted resonances in unliganded form, and subunit interactions, as manifested by the exchangeable resonances, are similar in Hb M Milwaukee to those in normal adult human hemoglobin. Organic phosphates can partially or completely inhibit the structural transformation which normally accompanies the binding of oxygen or carbon monoxide to Hb M Milwaukee. Upon stepwise addition of oxygen to deoxy Hb M Milwaukee, the hyperfine shifted resonance spectra of ferric beta chains show features which cannot be attributed to either fully deoxy or oxy species. However, the spectra for partially oxygenated Hb M Milwaukee can be described as an appropriately weighted average of the spectra of sero, singly, and doubly oxygenated species. The ferric hyperfine shifted resonance spectrum of the singly oxygenated intermediate has been calculated by a method employing least-squares analysis of the spectra of partially oxygenated Hb M Milwaukee at several values of oxygen saturation. The spectrum of this intermediate exhibits features which cannot be accounted for by a two-structure model. The present results are consistent with a sequential model for the oxygenation of this mutant hemoglobin. In view of the similarities between normal adult hemoglobin and Hb M Milwaukee, it is suggested that a two-state concerted allosteric model does not provide an adequate description of the structure-function relationship in normal adult hemoglobin.
Folding and Unfolding Pathways of the Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex (2014)

Sequence analogs of human telomeric DNA such as d[AGGG(TTAGGG)3] (Tel22) fold into monomeric quadruplex structures in the presence of a suitable cation. To investigate the pathway for unimolecular quadruplex formation, we monitored the kinetics of K(+)-induced folding of Tel22 by circular dichroism (CD), intrinsic 2-aminopurine fluorescence, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The results are consistent with a four-step pathway U ↔ I1 ↔ I2 ↔ I3 ↔ F where U and F represent unfolded and folded conformational ensembles and I1, I2, and I3 are intermediates. Previous kinetic studies have shown that I1 is formed in a rapid pre-equilibrium and may consist of an ensemble of "prefolded" hairpin structures brought about by cation-induced electrostatic collapse of the DNA. The current study shows that I1 converts to I2 with a relaxation time τ1=0.1s at 25 °C in 25 mM KCl. The CD spectrum of I2 is characteristic of an antiparallel quadruplex that could form as a result of intramolecular fold-over of the I1 hairpins. I3 is relatively slowly formed (τ2≈3700s) and has CD and FRET properties consistent with those expected of a triplex structure as previously observed in equilibrium melting studies. I3 converts to F with τ3≈750s. Identical pathways with different kinetic constants involving a rapidly formed antiparallel intermediate were observed with oligonucleotides forming mixed parallel/antiparallel hybrid-1 and hybrid-2 topologies {e.g. d[TTGGG(TTAGGG)3A] and d[TAGGG(TTAGGG)3TT]}. Aspects of the kinetics of unfolding were also monitored by the spectroscopic methods listed above and by time-resolved fluorescence lifetime measurements using a complementary strand trap assay. These experiments reveal a slow, rate-limiting step along the unfolding pathway.
EVOLUTION OF POROSITY DISTRIBUTION FOR ONE‐DIMENSIONAL PROBLEM OF VISCOUS SINTERING (1997)

Viscous sintering of a porous ball with various initial distributions of porosity versus radius is considered. For the solution of the corresponding boundary-value problems of the evolution of porosity and flow velocity fields during sintering, the numerical algorithms based on the differential quadrature method (DQM) and an arbitrary Eulerian–Lagrangian version of the finite element method (FEM) (the permeable element method) are elaborated. A comparative analysis of the calculation results is carried out. The question of the influence of non-uniformity of porosity distribution on the localization of densification is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corneal Biofilms: From Planktonic to Microcolony Formation in an Experimental Keratitis Infection with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (2015)

Direct visual evidence showed that biofilms routinely developed on the biotic surface of the mouse cornea. The mouse model can be used to develop new approaches to deal therapeutically with biofilms in corneal infections.
Interface Design and Research Process for Studying the Usability of Interactive Home-Entertainment Systems by Young Children (2002)

This study evaluated young children's understanding of and ability to use an input device of the type associated with home-entertainment systems (like videogame players, DVD's, and other interactive systems that connect to a television set). These systems have the potential to serve as a powerful platform for delivering interactive educational programming to young children. However, the input controllers for these systems have proven extremely difficult for young children to use, as they typically require use of very small buttons that are close together, and arrow-based keys or joystick-like devices. To examine the potential for enabling young children to use such hardware devices, three adapted software interfaces were implemented. Eighty-four children, ranging in age from 36 to 59 months and from lower to lower-middle socio-economic status, participated in this study, using one of the three software interfaces to make simple on-screen choices. The results demonstrate that it is possible to enable preschool children to use home-entertainment system control devices, by implementing adapted software interfaces which limit the kinds of inputs and choices that are required. In addition, this study describes and documents a process for conducting usability research with young children using home-entertainment interactive media systems.
Human hematopoiesis in murine embryos after injecting human cord blood–derived hematopoietic stem cells into murine blastocysts (2002)

At different developmental stages, candidate human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are present within the CD34+ CD38- population. By means of xenotransplantation, such CD34+CD38- cells were recently shown to engraft the hematopoietic system of fetal sheep and nonobese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient adult mice. Here it is demonstrated that, after their injection into murine blastocysts, human cord blood (CB)-derived CD34+ and CD34+ CD38- cells repopulate the hematopoietic tissues of nonimmunocompromised murine embryos and that human donor contribution can persist to adulthood. It is further observed that human hematopoietic progenitor cells are present in murine hematopoietic tissues of midgestational chimeric embryos and that progeny of the injected human HSCs activate erythroid-specific gene expression. Thus, the early murine embryo provides a suitable environment for the survival and differentiation of human CB CD34+ CD38- cells.
Serotyping of cell culture-adapted subgroup 2 human rotavirus strains by neutralization (1984)

Nine human rotavirus strains from stools of infants with gastroenteritis were serially propagated in MA-104 cell cultures. All strains were identified as subgroup 2 rotaviruses by RNA gel electrophoresis, complement fixation, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The human rotavirus strains were propagated for 15 to 20 passages and then used for immunization of guinea pigs and rabbits. Animal antisera were also raised against a subgroup 1 human strain purified from stools and against the cell culture-adapted Wa strain, a reference subgroup 2 rotavirus of human origin. Cross-neutralization studies revealed the existence of two distinct serotypes within the cell culture-adapted subgroup 2 human rotaviruses: strains related and unrelated to strain Wa were classified as serotypes 1 and 3, respectively. Results with convalescent-phase sera from infants with primary rotavirus infections confirmed the existence of two serotypes within subgroup 2, and the serotypes responsible for primary subgroup 2 infections could be determined on the basis of the neutralizing reactivity of convalescent sera.
Cervicofacial Rhytidectomy* (1967)

SPIRA, MELVIN M.D., D.D.S.; GEROW, FRANK J. M.D.; HARDY, BARON S. M.D., F.A.C.S. Author Information
Impact of precise quantitative assessment of visceral obesity on outcomes of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with systemic therapy. (2016)

597 Background: With its excellent resolution of adipose tissue, CT presents precise quantitative assessment of visceral obesity. We assessed the impact of visceral obesity on progression free and overall survival in patients treated with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 114 patients treated with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma between 2007 and 2015 at Keio university hospital in Japan. The visceral fat area was measured at the level of umbilicus using CT. A visceral fat area ≥100cm2 was used as the definition of visceral obesity. Progression free and overall survival was compared according to visceral obesity. Results: In the whole cohort, the median progression free survival in first line treatment was 12.0 month. The median overall survival was 42.5 month. According to Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center classification, 31 patients were favorable risk, 61 were intermediate risk, and 22 were poor risk; median overall survival for these groups were 76.9, 40.8, and 23.7 months, respectively (P<0.0001). Visceral obesity correlated with improved progression free (P=0.0095) and overall survival (P=0.0002). On multivariate analysis, visceral obesity (HR 0.64, P=0.0393) and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center classification (P=0.0037) were independent indices to predict progression free survival in first line treatment. In addition, visceral obesity (HR 0.42, P=0.0016) and Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center classification (P=0.0006) independently predicted overall survival. Conclusions: The precision of CT imaging for measuring visceral fat tissue provides useful clinical venue to predict prognosis for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Visceral obesity may be a useful and independent indicator for a better prognosis in patients treated with systemic therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
District yield potential: an appropriate basis for nitrogen guidelines for sugarcane production (2010)

THE QUEENSLAND Government has developed a Reef Protection Package aimed at enhancing the water quality and health of the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. It has focused on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs within the sugarcane production system as these two nutrients have been identified as posing the greatest risk to water quality in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Over the past decade, BSES Limited and its collaborators have developed the SIX EASY STEPS program to underpin the adoption of sustainable nutrient management practices in sugarcane production. The nitrogen (N) guidelines within the SIX EASY STEPS program are based on a combination of district yield potential (DYP) and a soil N mineralisation index. This paper describes the concepts of estimated highest average annual district yield (EHAADY) and DYP and relates these to average annual yields at a range of levels within sugarcaneproducing districts in Queensland. Mill statistics data indicated that the established EHAADY values used within the SIX EASY STEPS program are appropriate for the various districts within the Queensland sugarcane industry. Data from sub-districts indicated that DYP values, determined as EHAADY multiplied by a factor of 1.2, are realistic, particularly when individual farm data are considered. It was found that the average sugarcane yields on a substantial number of farms reached or exceeded the established DYP value during seasons that were characterised by favourable rainfall conditions. DYP was not reached on the majority of farms during seasons with unfavourable rainfall patterns (which could include high, low or unevenly distributed annual rainfall). Sugarcane yield plotted against block numbers for particular soil types illustrated the
Use of [18F]FDOPA-PET for in vivo evaluation of dopaminergic dysfunction in unilaterally 6-OHDA-lesioned rats (2011)

Ki values determined using [18F]FDOPA-PET correlated significantly with the severity of dopaminergic dysfunction. [18F]FDOPA-PET makes it possible to perform longitudinal evaluation of dopaminergic function in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats, which is useful in the development of new drugs and therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD).
High-Temperature Compressor Material Development (1998)

The next generation of subsonic commercial aircraft will require engines with improved efficiency and greater durability at lower costs. To help achieve these goals, manufacturing technologies for the disks, airfoils, and impellers in the compressors of these advanced turbine engines are being developed by a team representing all four U.S. aircraft engine companies--GE Aircraft Engines, Pratt & Whitney, AlliedSignal Inc., and Allison Engine Company. This work is being funded by NASA's Advanced Subsonic Technology (AST) project.
High-resolution monotonic schemes for reservoir fluid flow simulation (1991)

This paper presents higher-order monotonic schemes for application to reservoir fluid flow problems. For convection-dominated flow, sharp resolution of discontinuities has been achieved by adding a limited antidiffusive flux to an entropy-satisfying first-order scheme. A new flux limiter is introduced that remains third-order accurate in space and time in the smooth regions and results in oscillation-free numerical solutions by imposing the total variation diminishing (TVD) criteria. The third-order scheme proposed here is particularly suitable for reservoir simulators that calculate pressure implicitly and saturation or concentration explicitly. The power of the method lies in its ease of implementation, improved accuracy, and the fact that additional computational overhead compared to the single-point upstream weighting is negligible. The authors have applied the flux-limited third-order scheme to the linear convection-diffusion equation at high Peclet numbers and also to the convection of an isolated sine-squared wave. The results exhibit close agreement with analytical solutions and are free of spurious numerical oscillations.
Exciplexes and Electron Transfer Reactions (1984)

Electronically excited molecules, being better electron donors and acceptors than their ground states, form charge-transfer complexes (exciplexes) which can lead to radical ions. Exciplex emission is widely used to probe polymers and organized media such as membranes and micelles. Exciplexes are also intermediates in photoreactions that lead to unique products. Photochemical electron-transfer processes, which are the basis of silver halide photography and electrophotography, are involved in many reactions of wide scope. Recent studies have led to the discovery of several electron-transfer photooxygenations with a diversity that will probably rival that of singlet oxygen. Both exciplex emission and photochemical electron transfer play important roles in organic photochemistry.
Radiometer Testbed Development for SWOT (2010)

Conventional altimeters include nadir looking colocated 18-37 GHz microwave radiometer to measure wet tropospheric path delay. These have reduced accuracy in coastal zone (within ~50 km from land) and do not provide wet path delay over land. The addition of high frequency channels to Jason-class radiometer will improve retrievals in coastal regions and enable retrievals over land. High-frequency window channels, 90, 130 and 166 GHz are optimum for improving performance in coastal region and channels on 183 GHz water vapor line are ideal for over-land retrievals.
Effect of Idle Roll Bearing Friction on the Hot-Rolling Performance of Single-Roll Drive Mills (1967)

A study is made of the effects of idle roll drag torque on the hot-rolling performance of single-roll drive mills using two analytical models which consider the nonsymmetry of the deformation process. Predictions of roll load, torque, and exit stock curvature for a specified idle roll drag torque on a given mill setup are obtained by applying an iterative procedure of solution to a series of intermediate rolling parameter results presented in terms of the idle roll neutral point location and strip reduction. In general, it is found that the drag torque increases the stock curvature significantly, is essentially additive to the required drive torque, and decreases the roll load only slightly.
A microprocessor survey course for learning advanced computer architecture (2002)

A course that surveys state-of-the-art microprocessors offers an excellent forum for students to see how computer architecture techniques are employed in practice and for them to gain a detailed knowledge of the state of the art in microprocessor design. The University of Virginia has developed such a course, organized around student presentations and a substantial research project. The course can accommodate a range of students, from advanced undergraduates to senior graduate students. The course can also be easily adapted to a survey of embedded processors or DSPs. This paper describes the course and lessons learned.
Lithiation of (dialkylaminomethyl)trimethylsilanes (1991)

The silylmethyl groups of (dialkylaminomethyl)trimethylsilanes 1 undergo ready lithiation with butyllithium and the resulting mixtures when quenched with chlorotrimethylsilane or aldenydes afford N,N-dialkyl(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-2,4-disilapentyl)amines 3 or (dialkylaminomethyl)(2-hydroxyalkyl)-dimethylsilanes 4.
PbI<sub>2</sub>–HMPA Complex Pretreatment for Highly Reproducible and Efficient CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

Interfacial engineering of the meso-TiO<sub>2</sub> surface through a modified sequential deposition procedure involving a novel PbI<sub>2</sub>-HMPA complex pretreatment is conducted as a reproducible method for preparing MAPbI<sub>3</sub> based perovskite solar cells providing the highest efficiencies yet reported with the polymer HTM layer. Grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction depth profiling confirms the formation of a perovskite film with a PbI<sub>2</sub>-rich region close to the electron transport layer (ETL) due to the strong interaction of HMPA with PbI<sub>2</sub>, which successfully retarded the dissolution of the PbI<sub>2</sub> phase when depositing the perovskite layer on top. These results are further confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy performed in a scanning transmission electron microscope, which reveals that the I/Pb ratio in samples treated with the complex is indeed reduced in the vicinity of the ETL contact when compared to samples without the treatment. The engineered interface leads to an average power conversion efficiency of 19.2% (reverse scan, standard deviation SD < 0.2) over 30 cells (best cell at 19.5% with high FF of 0.80).
UNC-18 Promotes Both the Anterograde Trafficking and Synaptic Function of Syntaxin (2008)

The SM protein UNC-18 has been proposed to regulate several aspects of secretion, including synaptic vesicle docking, priming, and fusion. Here, we show that UNC-18 has a chaperone function in neurons, promoting anterograde transport of the plasma membrane soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein Syntaxin-1. In unc-18 mutants, UNC-64 (Caenorhabditis elegans Syntaxin-1) accumulates in neuronal cell bodies. Colocalization studies and analysis of carbohydrate modifications both suggest that this accumulation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum. This trafficking defect is specific for UNC-64 Syntaxin-1, because 14 other SNARE proteins and two active zone markers were unaffected. UNC-18 binds to Syntaxin through at least two mechanisms: binding to closed Syntaxin, or to the N terminus of Syntaxin. It is unclear which of these binding modes mediates UNC-18 function in neurons. The chaperone function of UNC-18 was eliminated in double mutants predicted to disrupt both modes of Syntaxin binding, but it was unaffected in single mutants. By contrast, mutations predicted to disrupt UNC-18 binding to the N terminus of Syntaxin caused significant defects in locomotion behavior and responsiveness to cholinesterase inhibitors. Collectively, these results demonstrate the UNC-18 acts as a molecular chaperone for Syntaxin transport in neurons and that the two modes of UNC-18 binding to Syntaxin are involved in different aspects of UNC-18 function.
Array Gain in the DMT Framework for MIMO Channels (2012)

Following the seminal work by Zheng and Tse on the diversity and multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels, in this paper, we introduce the array gain to investigate the fundamental relation between transmission rate and reliability in MIMO systems. The array gain gives information on the power offset that results from exploiting channel state information at the transmitter or as a consequence of the channel model. Hence, the diversity, multiplexing, and array gain (DMA) analysis is able to cope with the limitations of the original DMT and provide an operational meaning in the sense that the DMA gains of a particular system can be directly translated into a parameterized characterization of its associated outage probability performance. In this paper, we derive the best DMA gains achievable by any scheme employing isotropic signaling in uncorrelated Rayleigh, semicorrelated Rayleigh, and uncorrelated Rician block-fading MIMO channels. We use these results to analyze the effect of important channel parameters on the outage performance at different points of the DMT curve.
Testing for SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence: experiences of a tertiary eye centre (2021)

The great demand and acceptance confirmed the benefit of highly sensitive testing methods in the early phase of the pandemic. The coincidence of low seroprevalence and anxious employees may have contributed to internalising the need of hygiene measures.
Letters to the Editor (1977)

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Self-Testing the Motorola MC6804P2 (1984)

The internal serial architecture of the MC6804P2-Motorola's smallest 8-bit, single-chip microcomputer-and the need to minimize test costs led to development of a built-in self-test scheme. The self test is based on a ROM-driven signature analysis technique that utilizes polynomial division to compress lengthy output responses (or signatures) to much smaller results. On-chip signature analysis is an attractive alternative to conventional testing. The signature register, associated control logic, and 288 bytes of self-test ROM occupy less than 5 percent of total chip area. High fault coverage and support for parametric testing with minimal chip area are keys to successful application. This was the authors' first experience with on-chip signature analysis in a commercial MOS microcomputer, but the usefulness of the technique for testing and data compression will undoubtedly find its way into future Motorola products.