gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Twitch-Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation: Observations in the Management of Radiculopathic Chronic Low Back Pain (1999)

Objectives: To display the effect of twitch-obtaining intramuscular stimulation [TOIMS] in chronic lower back pain management and to identify characteristics of patients who respond best to TOIMS.Methods: Retrospective analysis included 32 consecutive patients who failed conventional treatment for low back and/or lower extremity pain. All patients referred for TOIMS received such treatment. Analysis included TOIMS patients treated between January, 1992 through June, 1995. Treatments occurred weekly or every two weeks. The controls were patients with similar symptoms referred for electrodiagnosis and received only standard treatment [StdRx, not including TOIMS] for lower back pain management. Assessment of outcomes occurred at a mean of 30.9 ± 10.8 months. The main outcome measures studied were pain reduction and return to work.Results: Patients who received TOIMS had significantly longer symptom duration, and there were more patients with fibromyalgia, spinal stenosis, and failed lumbar surgeries. At follow-up, 60.7% of the TOIMS patients indicated a perception that TOIMS therapy was very effective for pain control whereas only 10% of the StdRx patients felt that way about conventional care. The two groups exhibited no differences in their pain levels or numbers of working patients at follow-up. However, the TOIMS group had an increase in the number of patients who expressed lower pain levels and in those patients who could return to work from the pre-treatment assessment. This pattern did not occur in the StdRx patients. Twitch obtaining intramuscular stimulation was more effective in those without evidence of spinal stenosis.Conclusions: Twitch obtaining intramuscular stimulation seems promising in the management of partial radiculopathy related chronic low back pain. With the present manual mode of TOIMS, it is unlikely to benefit those with evidence for bony spinal abnormalities such as stenosis.
Research of Special-Shaped Membrane Electrode Assembly for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (2011)

In order to reduce the costs, improve the performances and promote the industry process, basing on calculus and finite element thinking, conceptual design of special-shaped membrane electrode assembly (S-MEA) was proposed, including six shapes. S-MEA size was determined by calculating, admeasuring and devising elaborately, whose basic parameter was gained from experiment datum. S-MEA was made up of titanium mesh anode layer, anode catalyst layer, Nafion membrane layer, cathode catalyst layer, gas diffusion layer and titanium mesh cathode layer in turn, which was different from MEA of the fluid field bipolar plates in the macro-structure but had the same micro-mechanism. Three-dimensional model was devised through Pro/E, planar diagrammatic drawing was created by the software also, and detail drawing was designed further with CAD. The process of preparing S-MEA was researched basing on the design. Then three typical S-MEA prototypes were made by bend-hot-pressing with home-made molds and precision hydraulic machine, including open triangular cross-section MEA, circular cross-section MEA and square cross-section MEA.
Gender differences in solution of algebraic word problems containing irrelevant information. (1993)

In the first experiment, 219 boys and 217 girls in 10th grade classified algebraic word problems in terms of whether the problems contained missing, sufficient, or irrelevant information for solution. Among students with similar levels of general mathematical ability, girls were less likely than boys to identify missing or irrelevant information within problems. More girls than boys perceived irrelevant information within the text of a problem as being necessary for solution. In the second experiment, 11th-grade girls (n = 234), who were as able as boys (n = 287) to solve algebraic word problems containing sufficient information, had lower solution rates than did boys on problems containing irrelevant information
Cadmium as an environmental hazard. (1992)

Cadmium occurs in nature at low concentrations, but human activities have caused cadmium contamination in all continents with the exception of Antarctica. In some areas, environmentally exposed humans have suffered kidney damage which has sometimes progressed to severe kidney failure and skeletal disease. In mammals and birds, cadmium accumulates in livers and kidneys at concentrations of 0.1-2 mg/kg and 1-10 mg/kg wet weight, respectively. Animals with a long life span such as horses have very high concentrations of cadmium in their organs: in renal cortex samples obtained from old horses, concentrations of nearly 200 mg/kg have been found. Histopathological examination of kidneys from environmentally exposed horses and certain species of sea birds have revealed morphological changes indicative of chronic interstitial nephritis. Remarkably high concentrations of cadmium (5-160 mg/kg) have recently been found in kidneys obtained from penguins living in Antarctica. The cadmium accumulation observed in animals living in Antarctica is unlikely to be the result of anthropogenic pollution. It shows how little we know and understand about the natural flow and behaviour of this elusive element in the ecosystems of the planet.
THE ACTION OF SODIUM ALCOHOLATE UPON ANISYLIDENE ACETOPHENONE DIBROMIDE. (1900)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACTION OF SODIUM ALCOHOLATE UPON ANISYLIDENE ACETOPHENONE DIBROMIDE.F. J. Pond and Arthur S. ShoffstallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1900, 22, 10, 658–685Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1900Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1900https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02048a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02048a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: NEUE VON ((10,11‐DIHYDRO‐5H‐DIBENZO(A,D)CYCLOHEPTEN‐5‐YL)‐THIO)‐ESSIGSAEURE ABGELEITETE AMIDE (1972)

Abstract Die durch Zinkstaub‐Reduktion des Dihydrodibenzocycloheptenons (I) erhältliche Hydroxyverbindung (II) läßt sich mit Chlorwasserstoff in die Chlorverbindung (III) überführen, die mit Mercaptoessigsäure zum Thioessigsäurederivat (IV) reagiert, das sich über sein Säurechlorid mit den sekundären Aminen (V) in die Amide (VI) umwandeln läßt. Das Piperazinderivat (VIc) ergibt mit Methyljodid das Quartärsalz (VII).
Fiber Optic Arrays: A Universal Platform for Sensing (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
Nanocellulose prepared by acid hydrolysis of isolated cellulose from sugarcane bagasse (2016)

Cellulose in nanometer range or called by nano-cellulose has attracted much attention from researchers because of its unique properties. Nanocellulose can be obtained by acid hydrolysis of cellulose. The cellulose used in this study was isolated from sugarcane bagasse, and then it was hydrolyzed by 50% sulfuric acid at 40 °C for 10 minutes. Nanocellulose has been characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Analysis of FTIR showed that there were not a new bond which formed during the hydrolysis process. Based on the TEM analysis, nano-cellulose has a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 111 nm and a maximum distribution of 95.9 nm determined by PSA. The XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity degree of nano-cellulose was higher than cellulose in the amount of 76.01%.
Pure Hydrocarbon Hosts for ≈100% Exciton Harvesting in Both Phosphorescent and Fluorescent Light‐Emitting Devices (2015)

Two novel pure hydrocarbon compounds, SF33 and SF34, are designed with high triplet energies and stabilities. The efficiency of an SF34/FIrpic-based device is as high as 22.0%. Moreover, SF33 and SF34 are also used as hosts for thermally activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes and achieve external quantum efficiencies in excess of 20.8% and 22.3%, respectively. The pure hydrocarbon host shows a much longer device lifetime than the traditional host 4,4′-di(N-carbazolyl)biphenyl.
EL SEUDÓNIMO: NATURALEZA, CRÍTICA A LA PERCEPCIÓN DE FERNÁNDEZ SESSAREGO Y EL NECESARIO REPLANTEAMIENTO DOCTRINAL Y LEGISLATIVO EN EL SISTEMA CIVIL PERUANO (2012)

Sumario: INTRODUCCIÓN 1) La Personalidad jurídica como marco teórico general. 2) Nociones generales acerca del Nombre. 3) El Seudónimo. 3.1) Conceptualización 3.2) Naturaleza jurídica y aspecto teleológico. 3.3) Protección del Seudónimo en la Legislación civil peruana. 3.4) Alcances en el Derecho comparado del Seudónimo. 4) Fernández Sessarego y su postura doctrinal. 5) Replanteamiento de la situación del Seudónimo en la doctrina nacional y a nivel legislativo: Una propuesta para el futuro. CONCLUSIÓN. BIBLIOGRAFÍA REVISADA. RESUMEN: El reciente apartado se formula emprender un estudio acerca de la naturaleza jurídica del Seudónimo, problema tan cercano a la personalidad jurídica del individuo y sin embargo, no goza el interés necesario por parte de la doctrina. Esta última, inspirada en las últimas décadas en función al pensamiento de Fernández Sessarego, no logra consolidarse como válida. Ante ello se propone la reestructuración en un doble nivel tanto doctrinal, como legislativo conforme al artículo 32 del Código Civil Peruano de 1984. PALABRAS CLAVES: Personalidad – Nombre – Seudónimo – Individualización
An Application of Pareto Particle Swarm Optimization Using with Geographic Information System Technology (2014)

This study proposes a new multi-objective optimism algorithm. The new algorithm combined the Pareto Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) and GIS technology and applied to the urban water management issues successfully. The hybrid model integrates the Pareto Neighborhood Crossover into the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm and through the combination with the Geographic Information System (GIS). The optimization objective is to establish the configuration to achieve the minimization of costs and utilization to maximize water supply, while minimizing harm to the environment. PPSO towards high density of pheromones achieve the boundary movement for the best measures; enhance global search capability and improve the convergence rate. Via solving the multi-objective model, the use of PPSO found the optimal allocation of water resources in the program with the help of a grid map. The results show that: compared with genetic algorithm and back propagation neural network, PPSO's convergence performance can effectively solve the problem of large-scale optimal allocation of water. Therefore, the multi-objective optimization model not only possesses a stronger global search capability and has high convergence speed and accuracy in this paper.
[The interaction between genistein and beta-glucosidase]. (2011)

The interaction between genistein and beta-glucosidase was studied using fluorescence quenching method and synchronous fluorimetry. The binding reaction was simultaneously studied by the AutoDock 4.2 molecular docking model. Data from fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that these interactions resulted in the endogenous fluorescence quenching of beta-glucosidase, which belongs to a static quenching mechanism. The calculated binding constants were 3.69 x 10(4), 3.06 x 10(4) and 2.36 x 10(4) L x mol(-1) at 17, 27 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The evidences from synchronous fluorescence showed the effect of genistein on the microenvironment around beta-glucosidase in aqueous solution. The inhibition test showed that the activity of beta-glucosidase could be inhibited by genistein. The determined bimolecular rate constant (k(i)) was 1.2 x 10(3) (mol x L(-1)(-1) x min(-1). Molecular docking was performed to reveal the possible binding mode or mechanism and suggested that genistein could bind strongly to beta-glucosidase. The results revealed that genistein tended to bind with beta-glucosidase mainly by hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction as well as electrostatic forces.
Diagnostic accuracy of a urine lipoarabinomannan strip-test for TB detection in HIV-infected hospitalised patients (2012)

Lack of point-of-care tests for tuberculosis (TB) result in diagnostic delay, and increased mortality and healthcare-related costs. The urine Determine(TM) TB-LAM point-of-care strip-test was evaluated in 335 prospectively-recruited hospitalised patients with suspected TB-HIV co-infection (group 1) and from 88 HIV-infected hospitalised patients with non-TB diagnoses (group 2). Cut-off point-specific analyses were performed using: 1) a microbiological reference standard (culture positive versus negative); and 2) a composite reference standard (exclusion of patients with clinical-TB from the culture-negative group). Using the microbiological reference and the manufacturer-recommended grade-1 cut-off point, LAM sensitivity and specificity was 66% (95% CI 57-74%). By contrast, using the composite reference sensitivity was 60% (95% CI 53-67%) and specificity improved to 96% (95% CI 89-100%) (p=0.001). The same pattern was seen when the grade-2 cut-off point was used (specificity 75% versus 96%; p=0.01). In group two patients specificity was poor using the grade-1 cut-off point, but improved significantly when the grade-2 cut-off point was used (90% versus 99%; p=0.009). The grade-2 cut-off point also offered superior inter-reader reliability (p=0.002). Sensitivity was highest in those with a CD4 <200 cells per mL. LAM combined with smear-microscopy was able to rule-in TB in 71% of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture-positive patients. This preliminary study indicates that the LAM strip-test may be a potentially useful rapid rule-in test for TB in hospitalised patients with advanced immunosuppression. The grade 2, but not the manufacturer-recommended grade 1 cut-off point, offered superior rule-in utility and inter-reader reliability. Larger studies to evaluate cut-off points and diagnostic accuracy are urgently required.
Características ultrassonográficas de fígado, vesícula biliar, rins, vesícula urinária e jejuno em coelhos jovens e adultos (2017)

RESUMO: O presente trabalho descreveu características e comparou mensurações do fígado, vesícula biliar, rins, vesícula urinária e jejuno de coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco (NZB) jovens e adultos. O grupo dos jovens foi composto por 39 coelhos de ambos os sexos (20 machos e 19 fêmeas), desmamados aos 30-31 dias de idade, sendo as avaliações realizadas aos 35, 56 e 77 dias de idade. O grupo dos adultos foi composto por 23 fêmeas e 15 machos, com idade superior a 6 meses, sendo realizada uma avaliação ultrassonográfica por animal. O exame consistiu na avaliação do fígado, vesícula biliar, rins direito e esquerdo, jejuno e vesícula urinária. Todos os animais foram pesados antes dos exames. O peso médio dos animais aumentou (p<0,05) dos 35 dias até a idade adulta. Tanto nos adultos quanto nos jovens, o fígado apresentou-se predominantemente isoecogênico ao rim direito e com textura homogênea. A vesícula biliar apresentou-se em formato ovoide alongado, variando de piriforme à amendoado, com conteúdo anecogênico, não sendo visível em 2,6% dos coelhos jovens e em 26,3% dos adultos. O comprimento e a largura da vesícula biliar nas idades de 35, 56, 77 dias e adultos foram: 1,06 e 0,39; 1,44 e 0,53; 1,41 e 0,58; 1,57 e 0,67cm, respectivamente. Considerando jovens e adultos, as mensurações da vesícula biliar e dos rins esquerdo e direito apresentaram correlação positiva (p<0,05) com o peso. Os rins apresentaram-se no formato de elipse e com superfície regular, com aumento (p<0,05) dos 35 dias à idade adulta. Houve correlação positiva (p<0,05) entre os volumes renais direito e esquerdo. A descrição da vesícula urinária mais encontrada (86%) foi a com conteúdo anecogênico, com pequenas estruturas ecogênicas livres no lúmen, tanto em jovens quanto em adultos. Não houve diferença (p>0,05) da espessura das camadas do jejuno entre as idades, apresentando média de 0,23 cm para todos os animais. Estes são os primeiros dados brasileiros de características ultrassonográficas de fígado, vesícula biliar, rins, jejuno e vesícula urinária para coelhos NZB de 35, 56 e 77 dias de vida e adultos.
Exit-Site Infection in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: A Review (1991)

Although the ability of CAPD to successfully treat end-stage renal disease is now well established, exit-site infection (ESI) remains a serious cause of morbidity. The objective of this article is to review recent advancements relating to ESI pathogenesis and its reduction. Current definitions of ESI are reviewed, as are comparative studies of etiology. Emphasis is placed on the literature identifying Staphylococcus aureus as the primary cause of ESI in CAPD. The article reviews reported rates of ESI and discusses reasons for variations of this complication's reported frequency. The selection of catheters available in CAPD are discussed, as are studies demonstrating the threat of S. aureus to catheter survival. The pathogenesis of exit-site infection related to S. aureus nasal carriage in CAPD is reviewed in light of recent findings indicating the pre-CAPD nasal carrier as the patient at risk for subsequent ESI. Postoperative and long-term care of the catheter patient are reviewed for various literature protocols. Treatment recommendations for choice of agents are discussed. Future research should include a better understanding of the morphology of the CAPD catheter exit-site in humans and the healing process. ESI epidemiological studies should be encouraged in tandem with well-designed, controlled studies on the value of prophylactic treatment.
Reduction of drag rise on the convair 990 airplane (1964)

The drag rise Mach number of the Convair 990 airplane was significantly delayed by utilizing the area-rule principle in a manner not previously reported in the literature. The principle was applied locally to the nacelle-pylon-wing region in a full-scale flight test to improve the maximum speed capability. The results of the full-scale investigations which led to the final airplane configuration are presented. The final modifications to the aircraft for delaying the drag rise included a forward pylon fairing, an aft pylon fairing, and four terminal fairings added to the inboard sides of the nacelles. This configuration was incorporated into the final airplane design without major aircraft redesign or modification. The methods employed to identify and isolate the interference drag phenomena on the airplane and the analytical approach to the problem solution are explained. The results and data analysis include the incremental effects of the various modifications, surface pressure distributions, stabilized speed point data, and pilot observations on Mach buffet characteristics. A criterion was established which will add to the fundamental understanding of the causes of interference drag and the methods for alleviating the resultant drag rise. Examples of configurations suggesting potential application of the technique are pylon-mounted engine nacelles on wings or fuselages and externally mounted stores.
Data maturity and follow-up in time-to-event analyses (2018)

We propose methods to determine the minimum number of subjects remaining at risk after which Kaplan-Meier survival plots for time-to-event outcomes should be curtailed, as, once the number remaining at risk drops below this minimum, the survival estimates are no longer meaningful in the context of the investigation. The size of the decrease of the Kaplan-Meier survival estimate S(t) at time t if one extra event should occur is considered in two ways. In the first approach, the investigator sets a maximum acceptable absolute decrease in S(t) should one extra event occur. In the second, a minimum acceptable number of subjects still at risk is calculated by comparing the size of the decrease in S(t) if an extra event should occur with the variability of the survival estimate had all subjects been followed to that time (confidence interval approach). We recommend calculating both limits for the number still at risk and then making an informed choice in the context of the particular investigation. We explore further how the amount of information actually available can assist in considering issues of data maturity for studies whose outcome of interest is a survival percentage at a particular time point. We illustrate the approaches with a number of published studies having differing sample sizes and censoring issues. In particular, one study was the subject of some controversy regarding how far in time the Kaplan-Meier plot should be extended. The proposed methods allow for limits to be calculated simply using the output provided by most statistical packages.
Studies in the biochemistry of micro-organisms. 95. Rugulosin, a crystalline colouring matter of <i>Penicillium rugulosum</i> Thom (1955)

Raper & Thom (1949) in their Manual of the Peni- cillia separate species in this genus into four major sections, Monoverticillata, Asymmetrica, Biverti- cillata-Symmetrica and Polyverticillata. They sub- divide each of the sections into a number of series so that the Biverticillata-Symmetrica section, for example, includes six such series among which, for RuGuILosn; Considerable difficulty was experienced in establish- ing the empirical formula for rugulosin. Samples crystallized from ethanol or acetone, in yellow cubes or prisms, and dried to constant weight in high vacuum at 1000 or below, are very hygroscopic.
Opiate withdrawal and electro-stimulation. Double blind experiments. (1987)

A rapid detoxification technique for heroin addicts is described. The technique uses an impulsional electric current developed by Limoge. The treatment is nonaggressive, very well tolerated by the addicts and leads to a good psychotherapeutic relationship with the medical staff. A successful physical detoxification is achieved in more than 80% of the cases (this figure is based on 400 patients treated by the method). The technique was subjected to two double-blind experiments. The first experiment tested the real efficacity of the electrical stimulation. The difference between the group of subjects stimulated and the unstimulated control group had a "p-value" which was significant at the 0,5% level. This leads us to believe that the electrical stimulation has a real positive effect. The second experiment reconfirmed the efficacity of the stimulation and showed that 24 hour continuous stimulation was not sufficient to produce a lasting effect. After about 50 hours stimulation a Naloxone test produced little or no reaction in the patients.