gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate-Induced Internalization of the High-Affinity Choline Transporter (2011)

Cholinergic neurons are endowed with a high-affinity choline uptake system for efficient synthesis of acetylcholine at the presynaptic terminals. The high-affinity choline transporter CHT1 is responsible for choline uptake, the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. However, endogenous physiological factors that affect CHT1 expression or function and consequently regulate the acetylcholine synthesis rate are essentially unknown. Here we demonstrate that extracellular substrate decreases the cell-surface expression of CHT1 in rat brain synaptosomes, primary cultures from the basal forebrain, and mammalian cell lines transfected with CHT1. Extracellular choline rapidly decreases cell-surface CHT1 expression by accelerating its internalization, a process that is mediated by a dynamin-dependent endocytosis pathway in HEK293 cells. Specific inhibitor hemicholinium-3 decreases the constitutive internalization rate and thereby increases cell-surface CHT1 expression. We also demonstrate that the constitutive internalization of CHT1 depends on extracellular pH in cultured cells. Our results collectively suggest that the internalization of CHT1 is induced by extracellular substrate, providing a novel feedback mechanism for the regulation of acetylcholine synthesis at the cholinergic presynaptic terminals.
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with a thermal iniferter: Diethyl 2,3‐dicyano‐2,3‐di(<i>p</i>‐tolyl)succinate (2001)

Abstract A hexa‐substituted ethane type compound, diethyl‐2,3‐dicyano‐2,3‐di( p ‐tolyl)succinate (DCDTS), was successfully synthesized and used for initiation of methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization. The reaction demonstrated the characteristics of a “living” polymerization; i.e., both the yield and the molecular weight of the resulting polymers increased linearly with increasing reaction time, the molecular‐weight distribution of PMMA obtained was ∼1.60 and almost unaffected by the conversion, and the resultant polymer can be chain extended by adding fresh MMA. End group analysis of the resultant PMMA confirmed that DCDTS behaves as a thermal iniferter for MMA polymerization. A block copolymer was prepared from the resultant PMMA, which contains a hexa‐substituted CC bond functional end group. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2566–2572, 2001
Vicinal glycol‐staining identifies secondary granules in human normal and chédiak‐higashi neutrophils (1983)

Abstract Neutrophil secondary granules contain large amounts of glycoprotein. We evaluated periodate‐thiocarbohydrazide‐silver proteinate (PA‐TCH‐SP) staining of these granules after α‐amylase digestion to assess their content of vicinal glycol‐containing glycoconjugates and the usefulness of this stain as a positive stain for secondary granules. Using this method, early stages of secondary granule genesis were observed prior to completion of primary granule genesis in myelocytes. Immature secondary granules appeared round to ovoid, but irregular in outline and demonstrated strong staining of the limiting membrane and matrix material. In mature granules, matrix staining was unaltered; however, membrane staining was decreased. Some immature primary granules in promyelocytes demonstrated strong PA‐TCH‐SP reactivity which was masked in mature primary granules of band and segmented neutrophils. The Golgi apparatus showed progressively increasing PA‐TCH‐SP reactivity toward its mature surface which was often convex in promyelocytes and myelocytes and concave in segmented neutrophils. The Chédiak‐Higashi secondary granules were cytochemically and morphologically similar to those of normal individuals and were not statistically decreased in number when compared to controls. They were only rarely observed contacting or fusing with giant granules which had consumed all primary granules leaving an easily detected population of secondary granules. Thus the α‐amylase‐PA‐TCH‐SP method demonstrates a large amount of unmasked vicinal glycol‐containing glycoconjugates in neutrophil secondary granules, which allows their differentiation from primary granules.
Virtual redlining for civil engineering in real environments (2008)

Field workers of utility companies are regularly engaged in outdoor tasks such as network planning and inspection of underground infrastructure. Redlining is the term used for manually annotating either printed paper maps or a 2D geographic information system on a notebook computer taken to the field. Either of these approaches requires finding the physical location to be annotated on the physical or digital map. In this paper, we describe a mobile Augmented Reality (AR) system capable of supporting virtual redlining. The AR visualization delivered by the system is constructed from data directly extracted from a GIS used in day-to-day production by utility companies. We also report on encouraging trials and interviews performed with professional field workers from the utility sector.
A General Framework for Building Dynamic Macro Social Indicator Models: Including an Analysis of Changes in Crime Rates and Police Expenditures (1976)

It is generally agreed that social indicators are measures of social conditions. Accordinlgy, recent interest in measuring social conditions and in building models of how various social forces determine changes in social conditions was predated by work of William F. Ogburn and his collaborators over 50 years ago. In this paper, we argue for a revival of analyses of social change based upon time series of indices of social conditions. To provide a general paradigm for this type of analysis, we describe (1) an opportunity-structures theoretical framework for generating specifications of equations of dynamic macro social indicator models, (2) a demographic accounting framework for grounding such equations in population stocks and flows, and (3) a structural equation strategy for estimating and evaluating the resulting models. To illustrate this paradigm, we present analyses of three equation determining changes in the national reported property crime rate, the reported violent crime rate, and the rate of public police expenditures. The equations fit annual 1947-72 time-series data well, yield theoretically meaningful coefficients, and lack demonstrable autocorrelation of disturbances. Moreover, the conditional forecasts of the 1973 values of the reported crime rates fall well within bounds set by the standard errors of the equations.
Quantum Statistics of Vortices from a Dual Theory of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>X</mml:mi><mml:mi>Y</mml:mi></mml:math> Ferromagnet (2020)

We extend the well-known mapping between the easy-plane ferromagnet and electrostatics in d=2 spatial dimensions to dynamical and quantum phenomena in a d=2+1 spacetime. Ferromagnetic vortices behave like quantum particles with an electric charge equal to the vortex number and a magnetic flux equal to the transverse spin of the vortex core. Vortices with half-integer core spin exhibit fermionic statistics.
Assessing the Potential for Condensation in Supersonic MicroNozzle Flows (2010)

In this study, a numerical model for characterization of the flow-fi eld in aM EMS-based supersonic nozzle is reported. The flow of decomposed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) monopropellant is simulated and results are analyzed in order to assess potential for condensation of the water species. Owing to the large surface area to volume ratio and inherently low Reynolds numbers (Re<1,000) of a MEMS device, wall phenomena such as heat transfer and viscous forces play critical roles in shaping flow behavior and performance characteristics of the micronozzle. The initially cold nozzle substrate in a space environment facilitates high values of heat transfer from the flow into the surrounding substrate. This heat loss combined with rapid expansion in the diverging section of the nozzle can result in conditions that are ripe for water vapor condensation. The latent heat of condensation acts a heat source in the flow and it is expected that flow behavior with condensation is analogous to Rayleigh flow with heat addition. This in turn can influence nozzle performance characteristics. Simulation results indicate that both subsonic and supersonic condensation may occur in micronozzles; the former as a consequence of heat loss from the flow and the latter as a result of supersonic expansion. In some flow regimes, it is a combination of heat loss and expansion that allows for potential condensation to occur. From simulation data, the mass fraction of condensate is determined, the associated temperature rise is reported, and the influence on nozzle performance is discussed.
Cotard's syndrome in adolescents and young adults is associated with an increased risk of bipolar disorder (2007)

Young people with CS should be monitored carefully for the onset of BD, and families should be educated about this risk. Treatment with mood stabilizers can be helpful for those who develop BD. Within BD associated with CS, early versus late onset should be distinguished.
Studies on the Effect of Internal Nitrogen Concentration of Rice Plant on the Constitutional Factor of Yield (1956)

Effect of internal nitrogen level of rice plant on its constitutional factors of yield, namely the number of stems per plant, number of spikelets per panicle and weight of a grain, was investigated. Pot cultures of rice plant Norin No. 29 were divided into two groups which received different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, i. e. heavy (H) and light (L) respectinely. At certain stages of their growth they were dressed with various additional amounts of nitrogen. By means of this procedure various grades of N-level in the plants were maintained, and, under such a condition the magnitudes of the yield constitutional factors were examined in relation to the N-levels in the plants. The results obtained may be described as follows : (1) Internal level of nitrogen at tillering stage presented distinct effects on tillering, correlation coefficient between the number of tillers per plant and N % of the leaf blade (this was employed as a indicator of nitrogen level in plant) being high, (H : r= +0.969 and L : r= +0.968) (Fig.2). (2) High correlation coefficients were obtained between the average nitrogen concentration during 7 to 28 days before heading and the number of spikelets per panicle of main stem, (H : r= +0.961 and L : r= +0.979). Regression equation was y=39.3x+7.1 for H and y=36.0x+17 for L, where y : number of spikelets per panicle of main stem, x : mean of N % of leaf blade during 7 to 28 days before heading. It can be understood from the above mentioned data, that the yield may be lowered strongly by deficiency of nitrogen in that particular period. (Fig. 3) (3) Extreme deficiency of nitrogen at the ripening period caused reduction of weight of a grain. The weight of a grain may be increased with the increase of nitrogen concentration in this low N % zone. But above certain critical concentration no such effect can be expected. It was observed that when nitrogen existed in excess, reduction in weight of a grain might take place. (Fig. 4, 5)
Alternative designs for high power single mode active optical fibres (2009)

In this paper, we propose, through different theoretical examples of composite fibre designs, some alternative ways to push up the limits of active optical fibres. Highly ytterbium-doped large cores are required for high power delivery and low non linear limitations. Such cores usually support several guided modes. We demonstrate in this paper that by surrounding the core with a tailored cladding, single mode transverse emission under amplification or in the lasing regime is possible. A 3D modelling of transverse mode competition in active fibres is first presented and applied to several cladding designs. This numerical model, which is wavelength sensitive, is of great interest for laser cavity design in continuous wave regime for example as both composite fibre and cavity designs are considered. Accurate modelling of modal competition requires to compute overlap between electric field and active region for each electromagnetic mode (Gamma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mn</sub> ) as a function of the transverse plane coordinates Gamma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mn</sub> (x, y). The fibre design, the laser cavity, the pump power have to be considered in order to obtain an accurate description of 3D spatial population inversion and its consequences on modal competition under active regime. The numerical model is first applied to a fibre exhibiting an all solid cladding made of 2D array of high refractive index rods and then to a multi-layered fibre. The latter is used to illustrate our purpose in figure 1 which shows the comparison between lasers made of fibres with or without tailored cladding. Both fibres exhibit an Yb-doped (5625 wt-ppm) core with a diameter of 30 mum and a refractive index higher than that of silica (5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ). The pump power is 60 W. When the core is surrounded by pure silica, 17 modes can propagate and LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> carries less than 20% of the total output power which is distributed among almost all modes. The laser obtained is highly multimode and the spatial quality of the beam is expected to be very low. On the contrary, when the structured cladding surrounds the core, almost all the laser power is emitted on the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode. With a 4% - 99%, 2 m long cavity, less than 8% of total power is emitted on the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">41</sub> , all other modes do not exist.
Leukocyte Motility Models Assessed through Simulation and Multi-objective Optimization-Based Model Selection (2016)

The advent of two-photon microscopy now reveals unprecedented, detailed spatio-temporal data on cellular motility and interactions in vivo. Understanding cellular motility patterns is key to gaining insight into the development and possible manipulation of the immune response. Computational simulation has become an established technique for understanding immune processes and evaluating hypotheses in the context of experimental data, and there is clear scope to integrate microscopy-informed motility dynamics. However, determining which motility model best reflects in vivo motility is non-trivial: 3D motility is an intricate process requiring several metrics to characterize. This complicates model selection and parameterization, which must be performed against several metrics simultaneously. Here we evaluate Brownian motion, Lévy walk and several correlated random walks (CRWs) against the motility dynamics of neutrophils and lymph node T cells under inflammatory conditions by simultaneously considering cellular translational and turn speeds, and meandering indices. Heterogeneous cells exhibiting a continuum of inherent translational speeds and directionalities comprise both datasets, a feature significantly improving capture of in vivo motility when simulated as a CRW. Furthermore, translational and turn speeds are inversely correlated, and the corresponding CRW simulation again improves capture of our in vivo data, albeit to a lesser extent. In contrast, Brownian motion poorly reflects our data. Lévy walk is competitive in capturing some aspects of neutrophil motility, but T cell directional persistence only, therein highlighting the importance of evaluating models against several motility metrics simultaneously. This we achieve through novel application of multi-objective optimization, wherein each model is independently implemented and then parameterized to identify optimal trade-offs in performance against each metric. The resultant Pareto fronts of optimal solutions are directly contrasted to identify models best capturing in vivo dynamics, a technique that can aid model selection more generally. Our technique robustly determines our cell populations' motility strategies, and paves the way for simulations that incorporate accurate immune cell motility dynamics.
Prehospital anaesthesia by a physician and paramedic critical care team in Southwest England (2012)

Prehospital RSI can be carried out safely, with intubation success rates and complications comparable with RSI in the emergency department. The variation in the intubation success rates between individual practitioners highlights the importance of ongoing performance monitoring, coupled with high standards of clinical governance and training.
ChemInform Abstract: Plant Bioactives for Ruminant Health and Productivity (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
WE-C-AUD C-03: Segmented Field Electron Conformal Therapy Planning Algorithm (2008)

Purpose: To develop a clinically useful forward planning algorithm for determining the energy, shape, and weight of multiple abutted fields used in segmented-field electron conformal therapy (SFECT) that conforms the 90% isodose to the PTV while minimizing the treatment of normal tissue. Method and Materials: An algorithm was developed that requires a beam's eye view (BEV) of depth of the distal PTV surface. First, the minimum energy for which R90 (10-cm diameter field) exceeds the depth to the distal edge of the PTV is determined for each pixel of the BEV. Next, the minimum circular field size to treat R90 to the distal edge of the PTV is determined for each pixel and drawn around the pixel. Fields of the same energy are merged with higher energy fields taking precedence in areas of overlap, and the dose distribution is calculated. Finally, an iterative process is used to modify the fields to converge the 90% dose surface to the distal PTV surface. The algorithm was used on six hypothetical PTVs, and the dose distribution was compared to that of a single energy plan. A pencil-beam algorithm calculated the dose distribution for both sets of plans. Results: The SFECT plans were able to deliver 90% of the dose to over 95% of the PTV, while irradiating an average of 16% less non-PTV to 90% of the dose. Due to abutment dosimetry, SFECT plans increased dose range within the PTV by an average of 4.9%. Conclusion: The developed algorithm was useful for determining SFECT plans in a water phantom. SFECT plans irradiate significantly less non-PTV volume than single energy therapy, but at the expense of increased dose range within the PTV (D90−10). Conflict of Interest: This work was funded in part by a research grant with Varian Medical Systems, Inc.
The Human Parietal Operculum. I. Cytoarchitectonic Mapping of Subdivisions (2005)

The human secondary somatosensory cortex (SII) is located on the parietal operculum, as shown by intraoperative stimulation and functional imaging studies. The position and extent of the anatomical correlates of this functionally defined region, however, are still unknown. We have therefore histologically mapped the putative anatomical correlates of the SII cortex in cell-body-stained histological sections of 10 human postmortem brains using quantitative cytoarchitectonic analysis. The gray level index (GLI), which is an indicator of the volume fraction of nerve cell bodies, was measured in the parietal operculum. GLI profiles as measures of the laminar pattern of the cortex were extracted perpendicular to cortical layers. Cytoarchitectonic borders were detected observer-independently by multivariate statistical analysis of the laminar profiles. Four cytoarchitectonic areas (termed OP 1-4) were identified. This cytoarchitectonic heterogeneity of the parietal operculum corresponds to results of functional imaging studies on the human SII cortex and data from non-human primates where multiple subregions within SII have been demonstrated by electrophysiological and connectivity studies.
Cyclin D3 is a predictive and prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (2002)

Cyclin D3 is an important regulator for transition from G(1) to the S phase of the cell cycle. Cyclin D3 expression is associated with cell proliferation in lymphoid tissues, but its impact on clinical outcome in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas has not been studied. Therefore, we determined the clinical relevance of cyclin D3 expression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We examined the relation between cyclin D3 expression at diagnosis and response to conventional polychemotherapy and overall survival in 81 previously untreated patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cyclin D3 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Cyclin D3 immunostaining ranged from 0-100% (median, 30%) of the lymphoma cells. Patients with high (>or=50% cyclin D3-positive lymphoma cells) cyclin D3 expression had a more advanced clinical stage (P = 0.003) and more often had extranodal disease in more than one site (P = 0.007) than patients with low cyclin D3 expression. Patients with high cyclin D3 expression had a significantly lower complete response rate (17% versus 74%; P < 0.001) and a shorter overall survival (3-year survival rate, 18% versus 74%; P < 0.001) than those with low cyclin D3 expression. Multivariate analyses that included cyclin D3 and the International Prognostic Index demonstrated that cyclin D3 expression had independent effects on the complete response rates and overall survival of the patients. In conclusion, high cyclin D3 expression is an independent predictive and prognostic factor associated with poor clinical outcome in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
HEAVY WATER MODERATED POWER REACTORS PROGRESS REPORT AUGUST 1960 (1960)

At the end of August 1960, construction of the Heavy Water Components Test Reactor (HWCTR) was 40% complete. Fabrication of the two main D/sub 2/O circulating pumps for the facility was completed. Experimental data were obtained in the Process Development Pile on the magnitude of the Dancoff shielding effect in clusters of uranium metal rods in D/sub 2/O. Work continued on the development of satisfactory billet designs for coextrusion of thin-walled Zircaloy-clad tubes of uranium metal for irradiation tests. The irradiation of an assembly of Zircaloy-clad tubes of swaged uranium oxide continued uneventfully at Savannah River. (For preceding period, see Report DP-525). (auth)