gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adapting Science Materials for Regular and Learning Disabled Seventh Graders (1986)

This study investigated the effects of an adapted science curriculum on the performance of seventh grad youngsters. The adaptation featured vocabulaly exercises and framed outlines. There were 202 regular and mildly handicapped students in the study. Two regular teachers and an intern supervised the seven science classrooms where the experiment took place. The investigation ran for 12 weeks, during which time the studnts were assigned 8 chapters from a Luidlaw physical science text. Thugbout the study, modifications were available for some chapters and not for others. Publisherconstructed tests were administered to the students before and after they worked on each chaptet;. the posttest data from adapted and nonadapted chapters were then compared Those data generally showed that the scores (handicapped as well as nonhandicapped studnts were better when the chapters were modified
Distinct Cytokine Profiles of Neonatal Natural Killer T Cells after Expansion with Subsets of Dendritic Cells (2001)

Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a highly conserved subset of T cells that have been shown to play a critical role in suppressing T helper cell type 1-mediated autoimmune diseases and graft versus host disease in an interleukin (IL)-4-dependent manner. Thus, it is important to understand how the development of IL-4- versus interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing NKT cells is regulated. Here, we show that NKT cells from adult blood and those from cord blood undergo massive expansion in cell numbers (500-70,000-fold) during a 4-wk culture with IL-2, IL-7, phytohemagglutinin, anti-CD3, and anti-CD28 mAbs. Unlike adult NKT cells that preferentially produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma, neonatal NKT cells preferentially produce IL-4 after polyclonal activation. Addition of type 2 dendritic cells (DC2) enhances the development of neonatal NKT cells into IL-4(+)IFN-gamma(-) NKT2 cells, whereas addition of type 1 dendritic cells (DC1) induces polarization towards IL-4(-)IFN-gamma(+) NKT1 cells. Adult NKT cells display limited plasticity for polarization induced by DC1 or DC2. Thus, newly generated NKT cells may possess the potent ability to develop into IL-4(+)IFN-gamma(-) NKT2 cells in response to appropriate stimuli and may thereafter acquire the tendency to produce both IL-4 and IFN-gamma.
The active site of the cyanide‐resistant oxidase from plant mitochondria contains a binuclear iron center (1995)

The cyanide-resistant, alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria catalyzes the four-electron reduction of oxygen to water, but the nature of the catalytic center associated with this oxidase has yet to be elucidated. We have identified conserved amino acids, including two copies of the iron-binding motif Glu-X-X-His, in the carboxy-terminal hydrophilic domain of the alternative oxidase that suggest the presence of a hydroxo-bridged binuclear iron center, analogous to that found in the enzyme methane monooxygenase. Using the known three-dimensional structures of other binuclear iron proteins, we have developed a structural model for the proposed catalytic site of the alternative oxidase based on these amino acid sequence similarities.
Co‐occurrence of autoantibodies in healthy blood donors (2014)

Autoimmune diseases are rare, but their incidence has increased over the past decades. Interestingly, the co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases is well documented; however, data on the presence of more than one specific autoantibody in healthy individuals are not available. Here, we investigated the prevalence of several autoantibodies in a cohort of over 6000 healthy persons. While individual autoantibodies were rarely detected (i.e. ranging from 0.3% for ANCA to 4.6% for anti-TPO), the cumulative prevalence of the tested autoantibodies was as high as 10%. Furthermore, our results demonstrate co-occurrence of ANA with specific autoantibodies that target TPO, CCP and Dsg1/3, while ANCA and autoantibodies to PCA and BP180/BP230 were not more frequent in ANA-positive compared to ANA-negative samples. This indicates that shared and independent mechanisms influence loss of tolerance to distinct sets of self-antigens.
Application of active coke desulfurization technology (2007)

The mechanism of sulfur removal from active coke is presented and the operation of the facility in the plant is described-the facility produces active coke from coal raw material with a low cost and changeable capacity,SO2 in flue is accepted in volume fraction of 30% ～ 100%;and desired sulfur removal rate can be achieved by on-line control of the coke bed velocity.The efficiency of sulfur removal is 95.9% and dust removal of 72.2 %.
Aerobic oxidative dehydrogenations catalyzed by the mixed-addenda heteropolyanion PV2Mo10O405-: a kinetic and mechanistic study. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAerobic oxidative dehydrogenations catalyzed by the mixed-addenda heteropolyanion PV2Mo10O405-: a kinetic and mechanistic study.Ronny Neumann and Michal LevinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 18, 7278–7286Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00044a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00044a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views722Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electromechanics of Monodomain Chiral Smectic C Elastomer: Mechanical Response to Electric Stimulation (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectromechanics of Monodomain Chiral Smectic C Elastomer: Mechanical Response to Electric StimulationKazuyuki Hiraoka*†, Manami Kobayasi†, Ryugo Kazama†, and Heino Finkelmann‡View Author Information† Center for Nano Science and Technology, Department of Life Science & Sustainable Chemistry, Tokyo Polytechnic University, 1583 Iiyama, Atsugi-shi 243-0297, Japan‡ Institut für Makromolekulare Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Strasse 31, D-79104 Freiburg i. Br., Germany*Author for correspondence. Telephone: +81-46-242-9526. Fax: +81-46-242-3000. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 15, 5600–5604Publication Date (Web):July 8, 2009Publication History Received15 April 2009Revised24 June 2009Published online8 July 2009Published inissue 11 August 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma900761whttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma900761wresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views729Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Deformation,Elastomers,Electric fields,Layers,Phase transitions Get e-Alerts
Galvanic Test Panels for Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Coated Al Alloys: Part 2—Measurement of Galvanic Interaction (2013)

A test sample incorporating a painted Al alloy panel, uncoated through-hole fasteners, and scribes has recently been shown to provide an accelerated response during atmospheric corrosion testing in the field and in laboratory chambers. In this paper the galvanic current between Type 316 (UNS S31600) stainless steel (SS316) or Ti-6Al-4V (UNS R56400) fasteners and painted and scribed AA7075-T6 (UNS A97075) panels was examined during exposure in a salt fog chamber using a zero-resistance ammeter. The anodic current of the AA7075-T6 panel and the cathodic current of each of the four fasteners were monitored using different connection schemes. The anodic current of the panel depended on the number of fasteners connected. The total cathodic current of fasteners was approximately equal to the anodic current of the AA7075-T6 panel, which validates the accuracy of the current measurement. Furthermore, galvanic interaction between the fasteners was observed such that the cathodic current of other fasteners was decreased when a new fastener was added. Scribes on a panel can interact with distant fasteners, not just the closest ones. The amount of corrosion as determined by charge and optical profilometry were close and indicated SS316 fasteners caused more corrosion attack than Ti-6Al-4V fasteners, which also is explained by differences in the cathodic current of the fasteners.
The prescience to measure airway reactivity in horses without heaves (2002)

The prescience to measure airway reactivity in horses without heaves Pferdeheilkunde 18 622 A landmark research paper was published by Klein and Deegen in 1986 entitled "Histamine inhalation provocation test: Method to identify nonspecific airway reactivity in equids. The paper made little 'splash' in the lay press, nor was there an abundance of scholarly commentary in response. It seemed that, like many German papers, it went disturbingly unnoticed in the USA. At the time, I began working as a Large Animal Medicine Resident and Graduate Student at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada, fresh out of private practice. There, Dr. Laurent Viel was meticulously cataloguing the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology of horses with poor performance, and I was fortunate to join his group. We principally saw racehorses, and the common complaint was 'fading at the fl mile mark.' Viel seemed to me to be one of the only persons, that was really enthusiastic about low-grade airways inflammation in horses without heaves (Fogarty and Buckley 1991). Indeed, there was no name for this condition in English, so we and others (Moore et al 1997) made them up: small airway disease, small airway inflammatory disease, and inflammatory airway disease. Viel (1997) hypothesized that the cytologic inflammation portended airway obstruction, and the latter was the cause of poor performance. Klein and Deegen's paper was crucial evidence, but the proof of concept would not come for years. Klein and Deegen appeared to have sensed the need to address problems in their clinical caseload by using more objective tests. Conventional testing using esophageal pressure -flow data does not detect abnormalities in non-heaves horses (Sasse 1973, Hoffman 2002) so a different approach was needed. Klein and Deegen were persistent, and followed their hunch that something was functionally deranged in these milder cases. Many of the horses had remarkable mucus accumulations visible by endoscopy, the latter technique being rather new. They proposed a challenge test analogous to methacholine challenge in humans suspected with asthma. Anyone that has performed lung function test in equine outpatients knows that it poses several challenges. Equine patients are unaccustomed to the lung function testing equip-
Delirium prevention in terminal cancer: assessment of a multicomponent intervention (2010)

A simple multicomponent preventive intervention was ineffective in reducing delirium incidence or severity among cancer patients receiving end-of-life care. Delirium prevention remains a difficult challenge in terminally ill cancer patients.
Neural network modeling of a dolphin’s sonar discrimination capabilities (1995)

The capability of an echolocating dolphin to discriminate differences in the wall thickness of cylinders was previously modeled by a counterpropagation neural network using only spectral information from the echoes. In this study, both time and frequency information were used to model the dolphin discrimination capabilities. Echoes from the same cylinders were digitized using a broadband simulated dolphin sonar signal with the transducer mounted on the dolphin's pen. The echoes were filtered by a bank of continuous constant-Q digital filters and the energy from each filter was computed in time increments of 1/bandwidth. Echo features of the standard and each comparison target were analyzed in pairs by a counterpropagation neural network, a backpropagation neural network, and a model using Euclidean distance measures. The backpropagation network performed better than both the counterpropagation network, and the Euclidean model, using either spectral-only features or combined temporal and spectral features. All models performed better using features containing both temporal and spectral information. The backpropagation network was able to perform better than the dolphins for noise-free echoes with Q values as low as 2 and 3. For a Q of 2, only temporal information was available. However, with noisy data, the network required a Q of 8 in order to perform as well as the dolphin.
Characterization of the Pho89 phosphate transporter by functional hyperexpression in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2008)

The Na(+)-coupled, high-affinity Pho89 plasma membrane phosphate transporter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has so far been difficult to study because of its low activity and special properties. In this study, we have used a pho84Deltapho87Deltapho90Deltapho91Delta quadruple deletion strain of S. cerevisiae devoid of all transporter genes specific for inorganic phosphate, except for PHO89, to functionally characterize Pho89 under conditions where its expression is hyperstimulated. Under these conditions, the Pho89 protein is strongly upregulated and is the sole high-capacity phosphate transporter sustaining cellular acquisition of inorganic phosphate. Even if Pho89 is synthesized in cells grown at pH 4.5-8.0, the transporter is functionally active under alkaline conditions only, with a K(m) value reflecting high-affinity properties of the transporter and with a transport rate about 100-fold higher than that of the protein in a wild-type strain. Even under these hyperexpressive conditions, Pho89 is unable to sense and signal extracellular phosphate levels. In cells grown at pH 8.0, Pho89-mediated phosphate uptake at alkaline pH is cation-dependent with a strong activation by Na(+) ions and sensitivity to carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. The contribution of H(+)- and Na(+)-coupled phosphate transport systems in wild-type cells grown at different pH values was quantified. The contribution of the Na(+)-coupled transport system to the total cellular phosphate uptake activity increases progressively with increasing pH.
Abstract 1341: Rapid decrease of ATP followed by necrosis-like cell death in bladder cancer cells after exposure to high-dose chemotherapeutics used in intravesical therapy (2014)

Abstract Objectives) Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is often treated by intravesical chemotherapy following transurethral resection. Mechanism of the effect of intravesical chemotherapy remains elusive. In this experiment, we studied cell death mechanism induced by high-dose chemotherapeutics using a novel culture method for primary cancer cells. Materials and methods) We have developed a new culture method which enables preparation and culture of primary cancer cells as multicellular spheroids which are termed cancer tissue-originated spheroids (CTOSs) (Okuyama 2013 J Urol). First we generated a bladder cancer patient-derived xenograft. We prepared CTOS from the xenograft, and exposed to high-dose (1mg/ml) or low-dose (0.01mg/ml) of epirubicin (e-ADM) or mitomycin C (MMC) for 2 hours. We investigated absorption of chemotherapeutics into CTOSs and assessed the mode of cell death. Next, we prepared CTOSs directly from surgical specimens of bladder cancer and tested the individual responses after exposure to high-dose e-ADM and MMC. Results) At high dose, e-ADM was promptly and homogenously delivered into cancer cells in the CTOSs. High-dose e-ADM and MMC decreased ATP levels in CTOSs within an hour accompanied with mitochondrial swelling and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential, while plasma membrane integrity was mainteined. Some of the molecules in mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were subsequently activated, while at later time point the cells lost integrity of cell membrane without DNA laddering. In contrast, CTOSs exposed to low-dose of e-ADM or MMC exhibited typical DNA laddering. Intriguingly, the decrease of ATP levels by e-ADM and MMC was varied among CTOSs derived from 20 surgical specimens. Conclusions) High-dose chemotherapeutics used in intravesical therapy may induce necrosis-like cell death, different from typical apoptosis caused by chemotherapeutics at the dose of systemic chemotherapy. Each bladder cancer may have a different response to high-dose chemotherapeutics used in intravesical therapy, indicating necessity of chemosensitivity test aiming for personalized medicine. Citation Format: Takahiro Yoshida, Hiroaki Okuyama, Masashi Nakayama, Kazuo Nishimura, Norio Nonomura, Masahiro Inoue. Rapid decrease of ATP followed by necrosis-like cell death in bladder cancer cells after exposure to high-dose chemotherapeutics used in intravesical therapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1341. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1341
Measurement and Data Collection in Medical Practice (1998)

Letters1 November 1998Measurement and Data Collection in Medical PracticeMark J. Ault, MDMark J. Ault, MDCedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-9-199811010-00035 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail TO THE EDITOR:I couldn't agree more with Nelson and colleagues [1] about the need to build measurement and data collection into daily medical practice. The difficulty lies with implementation. While medicine is still wedded to the paper record, two things are happening that will change our approach to data collection.First, medicine is becoming more evidence based. It is not sufficient to justify actions by stating “in my experience … .” People want to know exactly what your experience is. Second is a greater expectation for data at the point of care. If my patient is in the emergency ...References1. Nelson EC, Splaine ME, Batalden PB, Plume SK. Building measurement and data collection into medical practice. Ann Intern Med. 1998; 128:460-6. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Mark J. Ault, MDAffiliations: Cedars-Sinai Medical Center; Los Angeles, CA 90048 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 November 1998Volume 129, Issue 9Page: 754KeywordsCathetersChartsComputersComputing systemsDatabasesEmergency departmentEvidence based medicineHospitalistsMotivationPatients ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 1 November 1998 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1998 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Synthesis and characterization of soluble, fluorescent poly(arylene ether)s, poly(arylene thioether)s, and poly(arylene sulfone)s containing 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene segments (2002)

Abstract The bisphenol 4,4″‐dihydroxy‐5′‐phenyl‐ m ‐terphenyl ( 4 ), containing a 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene moiety, was synthesized from a pyrylium salt obtained by the reaction of benzaldehyde with p ‐methoxyacetophenone with boron trifluoride etherate as a condensing agent. Polymers were obtained from 4 by a nucleophilic displacement reaction with various activated difluoro monomers and with K 2 CO 3 as a base. A series of new poly(arylene ether)s ( 8a – 8f ) were obtained that contained phenyl‐substituted m ‐terphenyl segments in the polymer chain. Polymers with inherent viscosities of 0.41–0.99 dL/g were obtained in yields greater than 96%. The polymers were soluble in a variety of organic solvents, including nonpolar solvents such as toluene. Clear, transparent, and flexible films cast from CHCl 3 showed high glass‐transition temperatures ( T g = 198–270 °C) and had excellent thermal stability, as shown by temperatures of 5% weight loss greater than 500 °C. 4 was converted via N,N ‐dimethyl‐ O ‐thiocarbamate into the masked dithiol 4,4″‐bis( N,N ′‐dimethyl‐ S ‐thiocarbamate)‐5′‐phenyl‐ m ‐terphenyl and was polymerized with activated difluoro compounds in the presence of a mixture of Cs 2 CO 3 and CaCO 3 as a base in diphenyl sulfone as a solvent. A series of new poly(arylene thioether)s ( 9a – 9e ) were obtained with T g values similar to those of 8a – 8e . 9a – 9e were further oxidized into poly(arylene sulfone)s with T g values 40–80 °C higher than those for 8a – 8e and 9a – 9e . These polymers also had good solubility in organic solvents. A sulfonic acid group was selectively introduced onto the pendent phenyl group of polymers 8a and 8f by reaction with chlorosulfonic acid. The polymers were soluble in dipolar aprotic solvents and formed films via casting from dimethylformamide. Polymers 8a – 8f , 11a , and 11f showed blue and red fluorescence under ultraviolet–visible light with emission maxima at 380–440 nm. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 496–510, 2002; DOI 10.1002/pola.10136