gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RecA protein-promoted cleavage of LexA repressor in the presence of ADP and structural analogues of inorganic phosphate, the fluoride complexes of aluminum and beryllium (1989)

Complexes formed from A13+ or Be2+ and fluoride inhibit the single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity of RecA protein. In contrast, poly(dT)-RecA-ADP complexes, which are inactive for cleavage of LexA protein, become fully active in the presence of AlF4- or BeF3- ions. These data suggest that fluoride complexes of aluminum and beryllium (called herein X) convert RecA-ADP complexes, which bind weakly to single-stranded DNA, into RecA-ADP-X complexes, which bind tightly to single-stranded DNA, the ADP-X moiety behaving as a nonhydrolyzable analogue of ATP. We propose that AlF4- and BeF3- ions act as analogues of inorganic phosphate by binding to the site of the gamma-phosphate of ATP on RecA-ADP complexes, hence mimicking the single-stranded DNA-RecA-ADP-Pi transition state. We conclude that the elementary reaction that switches RecA protein from a high affinity single-stranded DNA binding state to a low affinity single-stranded DNA binding state is not ATP hydrolysis per se but Pi release.
Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Review of Etiology, Clinical Diagnosis, and the Involvement of Dendritic Spines (2011)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting a range of cognitive faculties, for which there is currently no treatment, save for ameliorative strategies. This disease primarily affects the elderly, and is the leading cause of dementia among this group. Out of an estimated 5.4 million Americans with AD this year, 5.2 million are over the age of 65. With the amount of people aged 65 and older increasing as the Baby Boomer generation ages, AD will become an increasingly dire burden. As we face this growing issue, research into both its causes and more sensitive and accurate diagnostic tools abounds.1 This research progresses in tandem with efforts to more accurately describe, identify, and understand a prodromal, transitional state between normal cognition and Alzheimer’s dementia called Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). MCI comprises a number of sub-types, one of which (amnestic MCI) having a marked association with later progression to frank AD.2 This introduction will offer a summary of these conditions and the research into their etiology, clinical criteria, and improved methods of earlier detection. Emphasis will later be placed on the biology of dendritic spines, including the upstream regulators of their development, and their relation to AD and MCI.
Class Conflict and the Vocabulary of Social Analysis in China (1977)

Western curiosity about the distribution of inequalities in contemporary China is not easily satisfied. The most obvious impediment to our understanding is that the government of the People's Republic does not publish even the most elementary social statistics, so that our efforts to gauge the shape of Chinese social stratification are by necessity impressionistic and often unsatisfying. The best recent assessment, offered in this journal by Martin King Whyte, draws upon an impressive (and an imaginatively motley) array of sources in support of well-reasoned, yet tantalizingly tentative conclusions.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of <i>closo</i>- and <i>exo</i>-<i>nido</i>-Lanthanacarboranes (1997)

Treatment of anhydrous LaCl3 with 1 equiv of Na2[7,8-R2-nido-7,8-R2C2B9H9] in THF afforded sandwich complexes closo-{(THF)2Na}{(R2C2B9H9)2La(THF)2} (R = H (1), R = C6H5CH2 (2)) in good yield. Reaction of SmI2 with an equimolar amount of Na2[7,8-nido-7,8-(C6H5CH2)2C2B9H9] in THF, followed by the addition of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), generated the dimeric exo-nido-[((C6H5CH2)2C2B9H9)Sm(DME)2]2·DME (3) in 70% yield. All complexes were characterized by 1H, 13C, and 11B NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as complexometric metal analyses. The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 3 were further confirmed by X-ray analyses. The coordination geometry of complex 1 is best described as distorted tetrahedral with two η5-bonded C2B9H11 ligands and two coordinated THF molecules. In the centrosymmetric dimer 3, each of the two dibenzyldicarbollide ligands serves as a bridging ligand for two Sm atoms while bonding to one via upper belt B−H bonds (containing two carbon atoms) and the other through lower belt B−H bonds.
La conquista del infierno (2002)

Català, JM. (2002). La conquista del infierno. La madriguera. (47):77-78. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/42065.
Interaction of I50V Mutant and I50L/A71V Double Mutant HIV-Protease with Inhibitor TMC114 (Darunavir): Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Binding Free Energy Studies (2012)

In the present work, the binding of inhibitor TMC114 (darunavir) to wild-type (WT), single (I50V) as well as double (I50L/A71V) mutant HIV-proteases (HIV-pr) was investigated with all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations as well as molecular mechanic-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculation. For both the apo and complexed HIV-pr, many intriguing effects due to double mutant, I50L/A71V, are observed. For example, the flap-flap distance and the distance from the active site to the flap residues in the apo I50L/A71V-HIV-pr are smaller than those of WT- and I50V-HIV-pr, probably making the active site smaller in volume and closer movement of flaps. For the complexed HIV-pr with TMC114, the double mutant I50L/A71V shows a less curling of the flap tips and less flexibility than WT and the single mutant I50V. As for the other previous studies, the present results also show that the single mutant I50V decreases the binding affinity of I50V-HIV-pr to TMC, resulting in a drug resistance; whereas the double mutant I50L/A71V increases the binding affinity, and as a result of the stronger binding, the I50L/A71V may be well adapted by the TMC114. The energy decomposition analysis suggests that the increase of the binding for the double mutant I50L/A71V-HIV-pr can be mainly attributed to the increase in electrostatic energy by -5.52 kacl/mol and van der Waals by -0.42 kcal/mol, which are canceled out in part by the increase of polar solvation energy of 1.99 kcal/mol. The I50L/A71V mutant directly increases the binding affinity by approximately -0.88 (Ile50 to Leu50) and -0.90 (Ile50' to Leu50') kcal/mol, accounting 45% for the total gain of the binding affinity. Besides the direct effects from the residues Leu50 and Leu50', the residue Gly49' increases the binding affinity of I50L/A71V-HIV-pr to the inhibitor by -0.74 kcal/mol, to which the electrostatic interaction of Leu50's backbone contributes by -1.23 kcal/mol. Another two residues Ile84 and Ile47' also increase the binding affinity by -0.22 and -0.29 kcal/mol, respectively, which can be mainly attributed to van der Waals terms (ΔT(vdw) = -0.21 and -0.39 kcal/mol).
A Long-Term MAAP 3.0B Analysis of a Severe Anticipated Transient Without Scram Accident in a Boiling Water Reactor (1992)

The long-term responses of the reactor coolant system and the containment of a boiling water reactor (BWR) during an anticipated transient without scram (ATWS) initiated by an inadvertent closure of the main steam isolation valves (MSIVs) are analyzed with the MAAP 3.0B computer code. The plant used in the analysis is the Kuosheng nuclear power station, a General Electric BWR6 reactor with a Mark III containment. A comparison of near-term system responses to an MSIV closure ATWS event shows that the MAAP 3.0B code fails to reproduce the detailed thermal-hydraulic results of the sophisticated RETRAN-02 code. The MAAP code, however, makes a reasonable prediction of the timing of major events and core power in the ATWS accident analyzed. The results of a long-term MAAP ATWS analysis show that if the standby liquid control system fails in an MSIV closure ATWS event, the ATWS event might develop into a core melt accident with the containment failing before the core melts. Among the ATWS mitigation actions specified in the emergency operating procedures, manual actuation of the automatic depressurization system (ADS) as the suppression pool temperature reaches a limit specified by the heat capacity temperature limit curve had the greatest effect on the timing of the containment failure. The reduction of the high-pressure system injection rate coupled with a delay in ADS actuation until failure of the high-pressure injection system could effectively delay the containment failure of an unmitigated ATWS event.
[The long and difficult birth of symphysiotomy or from Severin Pineau to Jean-Rene Sigault]. (1989)

Jean-René Sigault and his assistant Alphonse Le Roy first performed in Paris symphyseotomy on the 1st of october 1777 and thereby successfully delivered Madame Souchot. This patient had a rachitic pelvis with an antero-posterior diameter of 6.5 to 7 centimeters and had previously given birth to four dead children. In fact symphyseotomy had been advocated in 1597 by Séverin Pineau after his description of a diastasis of the pubis on a hanged pregnant woman and Ambroise Paré approved Pineau. The operation was performed many times after Sigault's report but was opposed by the famous French obstetrician Jean-Louis Baudelocque. The discussion was so bitter that the Parisian physicians became divided in two groups, cesareans and symphyseans. Symphyseotomy, as a result of poor technic and its use in unsuitable cases, soon fell into disrepute and was forgotten until 1863 when Morisani, in Italy, performed it again. The procedure was reintroduced in France in 1891 by Pinard, very impressed by the demonstration of the visiting Spinelli. Pinard, Farabeuf and Varnier described an "open sky" technic based on a precise anatomic study. At the same time, in 1893, Gigli, in Italy, performed a new operation called pubiotomy praised before in 1786 by Aitken in Edinburgh. It consisted in severing the pubic bone to one side of the symphysis by means of the "Gigli saw". In fact, cesarean section was the operation chosen in almost all the cases by the obstetricians, symphyseotomy and pubiotomy being generally discarded in view of their many complications: hemorrhage, urinary fistulas, walking troubles... A simple new method of symphyseotomy was described in 1920-1924 by Enrique Zarate of Buenos-Aires called "subcutaneous partial symphyseotomy" which respects the superior ligament and a part of the inferior ligament of the symphysis. Accurately realised, it is little dangerous and is still used sometimes in difficult cases in some remote countries.
Design issues in multimedia messaging for next generation wireless systems (2001)

Current wireless systems allow simple messaging services such as one- or two-way text messaging using Short Messaging Service (SMS), paging and voicemail.
Nightwalkers (1981)

From 1933 we have Brassaï's portrait of the poet Léon-Paul Fargue, a thickset man in fedora and overcoat seated on a park bench, illumined by the gaslight thrown by a lamp we infer but do not see (Fig. 1). This, we think, is what Fargue looked like, or, we might add, really looked like, schooled as we are in the objectivity of the camera's testimony. In the very framing of the image we find reassurance on this matter of veracity. For unlike the compositional tightness and rigor of painted portraits, there is something happenstance about this image, as though in the effort to capture the sitter sur le vif too much of the setting has been included, too wide a visual net has been cast. Fargue sits eccentrically within the frame, and to his left (our right) a seemingly careless expanse of park opens backward into the city's night. The inclusiveness of the setting acts to secure the image's apartness from painting, acts, that is, as a kind of witness to the process of the image's making: internal testimony to the fact that this is indeed a photograph and thus all the testimony we need to the belief that the image is of reality.
Asymmetric bio-epoxidation catalyzed with the styrene monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. LQ26 (2016)

Styrene monooxygenases (SMOs) can catalyze the asymmetric epoxidation of alkenes to obtain optically active epoxides. This account describes a series of work of our group on the isolation, application, and improvement of an SMO from Pseudomonas sp. LQ26. The strain was isolated from an active sludge sample based on indigo-forming capacity. Then the gene encoding SMO was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the whole cells were applied in biocatalytic reactions. The substrate spectrum of SMO was successfully expanded from conjugated styrene derivatives to non-conjugated alkenes, especially α-substituted secondary allylic alcohols, affording enantiopure epoxides. Most significantly, cascade reactions involving ketoreductase and SMO were designed, which resulted in glycidol derivatives or epoxy ketones with excellent enantio- and diastereo-selectivity using α,β-unsaturated ketones as the substrates. In addition, mutants of SMO with altered substrate preference and enhanced activity were constructed, which indicated great potential of SMO for further improvement.
ARM processor evolution: Bringing high performance to mobile devices (2011)

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: mobile computing; ubiquitous computing; silicon scaling; system-on-chip; and multicore CPU.
Robust Ag nanoplate ink for flexible electronics packaging (2015)

Nanoinks are currently a topic of heightened interest with respect to low temperature bonding processes and printable electronics. We have developed an innovative polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized Ag nanoplate ink amenable to very strong low temperature packaging, and investigated the relationship between bonding strength and electrical conductivity post-bonding. PVP shell plastic deformations observed in failure microcracks with the formation of PVP nanofibers, revealed bonding strength at low temperatures (<250 °C) was primarily due to adhesive bonding. It is found that, utilizing photonic sintering, ∼ 70 °C reduction of transformation temperature from adhesive to metallic bonding was achieved compared to that of thermal sintering. A numerical simulation was developed to better understand the influences of the light-induced heat generation, which demonstrated near-infrared light can facilitate sintering. Bonding strengths of 27 MPa were achieved at room temperatures, and 29.4 MPa at 210 °C with photonic sintering. Moreover, the anisotropic resistivity was observed with different thermal dependences. These results demonstrate Ag nanoplate inks have potential for low temperature 3D interconnections in lead-free microcircuits, flexible electronic packaging, and diverse sensing applications.
Authentication in a UNIX network environment using smart cards (1990)

The UNIX system has demonstrated adequate security for the login authentication mechanism when applied to individual computer systems. However the implementations of remote logins for a network of UNIX systems has been less satisfactory. Smart cards may be applied to improve the security for remote logins and the paper presents an extension to the mechanism developed that allows the card to be used for authentication and access control by application programs. The operation of the login authentication system is reviewed, then an analysis of the possible extensions and problems are discussed. A detailed description of an experimental implementation of a card based authentication system is presented together with suggestions for extension into the multi-domain environment which may exist within a network or internet.<
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Transport of Water and Electrolytes by Rotavirus-Infected Mouse Intestine (1990)

The movement of water and transport of Na+ and Cl- by mid-small intestine (M-SI) of rotavirus-infected neonatal mice was investigated by an in vitro perfusion technique. The concentrations of Na+, K+, and Cl- in the luminal contents of upper, middle, and lower small intestine and colon of infected mice were determined by flame photometry (Na+, K+) and an ion selective microelectrode (Cl-). In M-SI, maximal disturbance of water transport occurred at 72 h postinfection (PI): Infected tissue exhibited net water secretion. Water transport was also impaired at 144 h PI. Net secretion of Cl- occurred at 72 h PI, with some evidence of a second phase of reduced magnitude at 120-144 h PI. The magnitude and statistical significance of changes in Na+ transport were both less than those for Cl-, but the pattern of change was similar to that for Cl-. Luminal concentrations of Na+ were elevated between 48 and 144 h PI in the small intestine; this was particularly so in distal regions. Luminal Cl- concentration was maximally elevated to a considerable degree at 72 h PI and remained high at 96 h PI throughout the small intestine; thereafter, Cl- concentration returned to near normal. K+ concentration was unchanged in the small intestinal lumen; in the colon, however, K+ concentrations were depressed 72-168 h PI. In the light of previous data from this laboratory, the present data are interpreted as evidence for a secretory component in rotavirus-induced diarrhea.
Design and implementation of the physical layer control system based on TD-LTE baseband chip (2015)

In this part, we discuss the physical layer controller scheme of the multi-cores baseband chip, and a physical layer control scheme for TD-LTE mobile terminal baseband chip is proposed. According to the architecture of the baseband chip and the protocol of LTE, the timing base unit is designed. Relying on TBU, under the control of the main control unit l1cp0 and l1cp1, data streams are batched, and we establish the scheduling sequence for physical layer uplink and downlink, and complete timing control and task scheduling among multi-cores baseband chip.
Dynamic imaging and RCS measurements of aircraft (1995)

Results on radar cross section (RCS) measurements and inverse synthetic aperture radar images of a Mooney 231 aircraft using a ground-to-air measurement system (GTAMS) and a KC-135 airplane using an airborne radar are presented. The Mooney 231 flew in a controlled path in both clockwise and counterclockwise orbits, and successively with the gear down, flaps in the take-off position and with the speed brakes up. The data indicates that RCS pattern measurements from both ground-based and airborne radar of flying aircraft are useful and that the inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images obtained are valuable for signature diagnostics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evolutionary algorithm based automated medical image fusion technique: Comparative study with fuzzy fusion approach (2009)

Medical image fusion has been used to derive the useful information from multi modal medical images. The proposed methodology introduces evolutionary approaches for robust and automatic extraction of information from different modality images. This evolutionary fusion strategy implements multiresolution decomposition of the input images using wavelet transform. It is because, the analysis of input images at multiple resolutions able to extracts more fine details and improves the quality of the composite fused image. The proposed approach is also independent of any manual marking or knowledge of fiducial points and starts the fusion procedure automatically. The performance of the genetic based evolutionary algorithm is compared with fuzzy based fusion technique using mutual information as the similarity measuring metric. Experimental results show that genetic searching based fusion technique improves the quality of the fused images significantly over the fuzzy approaches.
Generation of complex beams by means of polarization holograms (2012)

In this paper we present the experimental generation of complex beams by means of a polarization holographic technique. The interference of a reference Gaussian beam and a complex beam having opposite circular polarization states, stored on a highly polarization sensitive material, generates polarization holograms whose diffracted beams are high quality complex fields. The technique is tested with the generation of three different types of beams: a simple vortex, a Bessel and a Laguerre-Gaussian beam. This suggests an alternative method for the generation of complex beams with predetermined polarization states.
Quantum dot solar cells (2001)

The quantum dot solar cell concept is proposed as a scheme for increased solar cell efficiency. A theoretical model is presented for a practical p–i–n quantum dot solar cell, based on the self-organized InAs/GaAs system. The advantages of using the quantum dot in the active region for photon absorption in the long-wavelength part of the spectrum, leading to cell efficiency, is discussed.
Ship Radiated Noise Recognition Using Resonance-Based Sparse Signal Decomposition (2017)

Under the complex oceanic environment, robust and effective feature extraction is the key issue of ship radiated noise recognition. Since traditional feature extraction methods are susceptible to the inevitable environmental noise, the type of vessels, and the speed of ships, the recognition accuracy will degrade significantly. Hence, we propose a robust time-frequency analysis method which combines resonance-based sparse signal decomposition (RSSD) and Hilbert marginal spectrum (HMS) analysis. First, the observed signals are decomposed into high resonance component, low resonance component, and residual component by RSSD, which is a nonlinear signal analysis method based not on frequency or scale but on resonance. High resonance component is multiple simultaneous sustained oscillations, low resonance component is nonoscillatory transients, and residual component is white Gaussian noises. According to the low-frequency periodic oscillatory characteristic of ship radiated noise, high resonance component is the purified ship radiated noise. RSSD is suited to noise suppression for low-frequency oscillation signals. Second, HMS of high resonance component is extracted by Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) as the feature vector. Finally, support vector machine (SVM) is adopted as a classifier. Real audio recordings are employed in the experiments under different signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The experimental results indicate that the proposed method has a better recognition performance than the traditional method under different SNRs.