gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESSENTIAL: an efficient self-learning test pattern generation algorithm for sequential circuits (2003)

The authors present ESSENTIAL, deterministic automatic test pattern generation algorithm for sequential circuits. By combining reverse time processing over time frames and forward processing within time frames, ESSENTIAL avoids the detrimental a priori determination of a topological path to be sensitized or of a primary output, to which the fault effects have to be propagated. Moreover, the proposed test generation approach fully exploits the beneficial techniques that have successfully been used for combinational circuits by the automatic test pattern generation system SOCRATES. In particular, the authors discuss a learning procedure for global implications not only over reconvergent fanout, but also over time frames as well as static and dynamic unique sensitization techniques. After introducing a couple of intelligent heuristics employed for guiding and supporting the decision-making process, the authors report some preliminary but encouraging experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Al‐Ge Reflow Sputtering for Submicron Contact Hole Filling (1996)

Aluminum‐Germanium (Al‐Ge) sputtering at elevated substrate temperature is proposed for quarter‐micron contact hole filling. Filling and electrical characteristics of contact holes filled with Al‐5%Ge were investigated. Al‐5%Ge flowed and its grains grew to approximately 5 μm diam during sputtering in the temperature range of 200 to 300°C. Contact holes with a 0.25 μm diam and aspect ratio of 4 were successfully filled with Al‐5%Ge at 300°C, using a poly‐Si underlayer. The poly‐Si underlayer played an important role by helping the Al‐5%Ge flow into the bottoms of holes and vias. From the results of contact resistance measurements, contact holes with diameter <0.55 μm were filled with Al‐5%Ge, and the deviation of contact resistance and junction leakage current was small. As for conventional sputtering of Al‐Si, the contact resistance increased irregularly at the contact size of 0.8 μm because of poor step coverage.
Arsenic Transport by the Human Multidrug Resistance Protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) (2004)

Inorganic arsenic is an established human carcinogen, but its metabolism is incompletely defined. The ATP binding cassette protein, multidrug resistance protein (MRP1/ABCC1), transports conjugated organic anions (e.g. leukotriene C(4)) and also co-transports certain unmodified xenobiotics (e.g. vincristine) with glutathione (GSH). MRP1 also confers resistance to arsenic in association with GSH; however, the mechanism and the species of arsenic transported are unknown. Using membrane vesicles prepared from the MRP1-overexpressing lung cancer cell line, H69AR, we found that MRP1 transports arsenite (As(III)) only in the presence of GSH but does not transport arsenate (As(V)) (with or without GSH). The non-reducing GSH analogs L-gamma-glutamyl-L-alpha-aminobutyryl glycine and S-methyl GSH did not support As(III) transport, indicating that the free thiol group of GSH is required. GSH-dependent transport of As(III) was 2-fold higher at pH 6.5-7 than at a more basic pH, consistent with the formation and transport of the acid-stable arsenic triglutathione (As(GS)(3)). Immunoblot analysis of H69AR vesicles revealed the unexpected membrane association of GSH S-transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1). Membrane vesicles from an MRP1-transfected HeLa cell line lacking membrane-associated GSTP1-1 did not transport As(III) even in the presence of GSH but did transport synthetic As(GS)(3). The addition of exogenous GSTP1-1 to HeLa-MRP1 vesicles resulted in GSH-dependent As(III) transport. The apparent K(m) of As(GS)(3) for MRP1 was 0.32 microM, suggesting a remarkably high relative affinity. As(GS)(3) transport by MRP1 was osmotically sensitive and was inhibited by several conjugated organic anions (MRP1 substrates) as well as the metalloid antimonite (K(i) 2.8 microM). As(GS)(3) transport experiments using MRP1 mutants with substrate specificities differing from wild-type MRP1 suggested a commonality in the substrate binding pockets of As(GS)(3) and leukotriene C(4). Finally, human MRP2 also transported As(GS)(3). In conclusion, MRP1 transports inorganic arsenic as a tri-GSH conjugate, and GSTP1-1 may have a synergistic role in this process.
Surface Modification of a Six‐Capped Body‐Centered Cube Ni<sub>9</sub>W<sub>6</sub> Cluster: Structure and Single‐Molecule Magnetism (2006)

To cap it off: A high-spin cyanide-bridged Ni9W6 cluster (S=12) shows ferromagnetic coupling between NiII (green) and WV (purple) ions within the molecule. The surface was modified by substituting the solvent molecules on the surface of the cluster with 2,2′-bipyridine to afford an air-stable Ni9W6 cluster with single-molecule magnetism. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z601759_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Zero-copy for CORBA - efficient communication for distributed object middleware (2004)

Many large applications require distributed computing for the sake of better performance and software systems that facilitate the development of such applications have attracted a great deal of attention. Modeling the application as distributed objects or components promises the benefits of better abstractions and increased software reuse. Using distributed object middleware (DOM) like CORBA (common object request broker architecture) looks promising, but most often one cannot afford its notorious inefficiency. We address the bandwidth bottleneck by extending highly efficient zero-copy communication architecture from the operating system through the middleware layers all the way to the application. In contrast to previous attempts on improving efficiency in CORBA we preserve the advantages of object oriented abstraction for the software design process and propose an efficient CORBA system that can handle bulk data transfers within the object request broker (ORB). Our prototype uses a clean separation of control-and data transfers within the ORB and for the ORB-to-ORB communication and manages to get rid of all inefficient buffering for certain types while still preserving the standard Internet interORB protocol (IIOP). It achieves the full performance that is only available with a strict zero-copy implementation across all layers between the operating system and the application.
Assessment of nurses' and therapists' occupational musculoskeletal injuries. (2012)

By recognizing the type of injuries, location of injuries, time of injuries, and impact of injuries, nurses can make changes to decrease work-related musculoskeletal injuries and improve work environments.
Discovering Discriminative Graphlets for Aerial Image Categories Recognition (2013)

Recognizing aerial image categories is useful for scene annotation and surveillance. Local features have been demonstrated to be robust to image transformations, including occlusions and clutters. However, the geometric property of an aerial image (i.e., the topology and relative displacement of local features), which is key to discriminating aerial image categories, cannot be effectively represented by state-of-the-art generic visual descriptors. To solve this problem, we propose a recognition model that mines graphlets from aerial images, where graphlets are small connected subgraphs reflecting both the geometric property and color/texture distribution of an aerial image. More specifically, each aerial image is decomposed into a set of basic components (e.g., road and playground) and a region adjacency graph (RAG) is accordingly constructed to model their spatial interactions. Aerial image categories recognition can subsequently be casted as RAG-to-RAG matching. Based on graph theory, RAG-to-RAG matching is conducted by comparing all their respective graphlets. Because the number of graphlets is huge, we derive a manifold embedding algorithm to measure different-sized graphlets, after which we select graphlets that have highly discriminative and low redundancy topologies. Through quantizing the selected graphlets from each aerial image into a feature vector, we use support vector machine to discriminate aerial image categories. Experimental results indicate that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art object/scene recognition models, and the visualized graphlets indicate that the discriminative patterns are discovered by our proposed approach.
Mechanistic Insights on the Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Amides – C–N vs. C–O Cleavage (2011)

Abstract Ruthenium‐catalyzed amide hydrogenation was thoroughly explored by means of DFT calculations. All the plausible pathways, including those involving the amide or imine tautomer, were assessed. The classical C–O cleavage and the recently reported C–N cleavage were compared by employing a bipyridyl‐based Ru II pincer complex as catalyst in the calculations. The study reveals that C–O cleavage can be achieved directly over the amide substrate or its imine tautomer, since the computed pathways show analogous energy barriers. In addition, the mechanism for the novel C–N cleavage was elucidated by modeling all the reasonable intermediates and transition structures. The computed energy barrier is lower than that for C–O cleavage by more than 10 kcal mol –1 , thus explaining the observed selectivity. The key role of the aromatization/dearomatization processes during the transformation is also disclosed.
Spin Relaxation of Optically Aligned Rubidium Vapor (1959)

A new optical method for studying the spin relaxation of optically aligned rubidium vapor is described. In this method, the pumping radiation, consisting of circularly polarized ${D}_{1}$ resonance radiation, is suddenly shut off and then turned on again after a known time interval. The relaxation which takes place during the interval of darkness causes the vapor to become more opaque to the pumping radiation at a rate which is determined by the relaxation time. A large degree of alignment, as well as a relaxation time of about 80 milliseconds, were observed in a closed-off evacuated cylindrical glass cell completely lined, except for $\frac{1}{200}$ of the wall area, with a thin film of tetracontane (${\mathrm{C}}_{40}$${\mathrm{H}}_{82}$). The variation of relaxation time with buffer gas pressure was studied in this cell and in an unlined glass cell. From the observations with the unlined cell, diffusion coefficients for rubidium in neon and argon of 0.31 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec and 0.24 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$/sec, respectively, can be deduced. Observed cross sections for disorientation collisions between aligned ground-state rubidium atoms and neon, argon, krypton, and xenon atoms are 5.2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}23}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, 3.7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}22}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, 5.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, and 1.3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, respectively. In the evacuated tetracontane-lined cell, the relaxation time decreased by 30% for a tenfold increase in rubidium vapor pressure. An explanation for this relatively weak dependence is suggested. The longest observed relaxation time was approximately 0.4 seconds in a tetracontanelined cell filled with neon to a pressure of 3 cm Hg.
Search engines and news services: developments on the Internet (1998)

Focuses on some issues relating to Internet search engines, (such as Alta Vista, HotBot and Yahoo!) and their use in news information Web sites on the Internet, some of the ways in which search engine providers are trying to improve searching performance and some of the choices facing information providers. Reviews ways in which search engine providers are responding to the challenge of improving searching, including: adding a selective, browsable database as an alternative; including only home pages (producing fewer hits) and browsability; adding company information; adjusting the weightings on their relevance rankings; building up searches; and allowing Boolean logic and field searching. Examines the options facing providers of news information on the Internet, particularly primary sources such as newspapers, news agencies and television companies. Discusses issues such as: whether or not to charge; the types of hyperlinks to provide; whether or not to partner and become a portal; the desirability of electronic mail alert; and the acceptability of news aggregation.
Carrier decay in GaAs quantum wells (1990)

Carrier decays following pulsed excitation in GaAs-AlGaAs quantum wells have in the past been attributed to an excitonic recombination path. We show here that such an interpretation is inconsistent with the experimental evidence, and that the decays are controlled by recombination through electronic states at the GaAs-AlGaAs interfaces. We discuss the expected magnitude of the decay times and the influence of carrier trapping on the decay process.
Unexpected effects of treating hypertension in men with electrocardiographic abnormalities: a critical analysis. (1986)

The relationship between diuretic therapy and possible increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), especially sudden death, is controversial. The initial report from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) raised the possibility that the increased CHD mortality observed in a subset of special intervention men with hypertension and certain electrocardiographic abnormalities on their baseline examination might be an unexpected adverse effect of diuretic therapy. Subsequent reports from the MRFIT have revealed a stronger association of CHD mortality to hydrochlorothiazide than to chlorthalidone. There was no consistent relationship of CHD mortality to the dose of either drug, to the most recent serum potassium level, or to the presence of ventricular premature beats. Unfavorable trends of the same magnitude were also seen among similar white men in the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program and in the Oslo hypertension trial, although the sample sizes in these two studies were too small to yield clearcut conclusions. Clinical studies have shown an increased risk of CHD death among hypertensive men with left ventricular hypertrophy. Such men are also noted to have a higher frequency of ventricular premature beats, even in the absence of diuretic therapy. Other studies have shown that diuretic-induced hypokalemia is accentuated in the presence of epinephrine and that low potassium levels decrease the threshold for ventricular fibrillation. Thus, although the evidence is still incomplete, it is possible that the excess CHD mortality among MRFIT special intervention men with electrocardiographic abnormalities may have been caused by a combination of increased left ventricular mass in the presence of coronary atherosclerosis, and hypokalemia caused by good compliance with diuretic therapy and accentuated by stress-induced increases in circulating catecholamines. Given the very large population of patients receiving diuretic therapy, further evaluation of this possibility is important.
Region-based weighted prediction for real-time H.264 encoder (2011)

This paper presents an efficient region-based WP (weighted prediction) with global brightness change detection for real-time H.264 encoder. We improve WP for local brightness changes using the reference reordering, without additional memory bandwidth and computation for ME (motion estimation). We also show that the region-based WP can be extended to an MB-based WP with the marginal increase of computation, which provides the similar performance to a brute force approach.
Eddy current computation in a superconducting electromagnetic pump (1983)

The work reported here concerns a d.c. electromagnetic pump, which uses superconducting coils for the generation of the external field. The magnetic field thus obtainable, appears to be of 5-6 T, with air gaps of some tens of centimetres. In this situation, a study of fields has been carried out in the active part of the pump, in order to determine the distribution of eddy currents in the fluid. For this purpose, an electrical network with lumped parameters (resistances and d.c. generators), has been used. This network considers the fluid reaction e.m.f. as a function of the velocity of the conducting fluid and the electric resistance of the liquid.
Weights, hematology, and serum chemistry of free-ranging brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) in Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific. (1999)

Hematologic and serum chemistry values are reported for 105 brown boobies (Sula leucogaster) from Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific. Hematocrit, estimated total plasma solids, total and differential white cell counts, serum glucose, calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, total protein, albumin, globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatinine phosphokinase were analyzed. Hematologic and serum chemistry values varied with age and sex. Values were compared with those of red-footed boobies and other tropical and temperate marine pelecaniforms.
Review of Chromosome Studies in Urological Tumors. II. Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Bladder Cancer (1994)

No AccessJournal of UrologyReview Article1 Mar 1994Review of Chromosome Studies in Urological Tumors. II. Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics of Bladder Cancer Avery A. Sandberg and Carol S. Berger Avery A. SandbergAvery A. Sandberg More articles by this author and Carol S. BergerCarol S. Berger More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)35014-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited bySAROSDY M, SCHELLHAMMER P, BOKINSKY G, KAHN P, CHAO R, YORE L, ZADRA J, BURZON D, OSHER G, BRIDGE J, ANDERSON S, JOHANSSON S, LIEBER M, SOLOWAY M and FLOM K (2018) Clinical Evaluation of a Multi-target Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Assay for Detection of Bladder CancerJournal of Urology, VOL. 168, NO. 5, (1950-1954), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2002.DUGGAN B, KELLY J, KEANE P and JOHNSTON S (2018) MOLECULAR TARGETS FOR THE THERAPEUTIC MANIPULATION OF APOPTOSIS IN BLADDER CANCERJournal of Urology, VOL. 165, NO. 3, (946-954), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2001.HALLING K, KING W, SOKOLOVA I, MEYER R, BURKHARDT H, HALLING A, CHEVILLE J, SEBO T, RAMAKUMAR S, STEWART C, PANKRATZ S, O’KANE D, SEELIG S, LIEBER M and JENKINS R (2018) A COMPARISON OF CYTOLOGY AND FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION FOR THE DETECTION OF UROTHELIAL CARCINOMAJournal of Urology, VOL. 164, NO. 5, (1768-1775), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2000.PYCHA A, MIAN C, POSCH B, HAITEL A, EL-BAZ M, GHONEIM M and MARBERGER M (2018) NUMERICAL ABERRATIONS OF CHROMOSOMES 7, 9 AND 17 IN SQUAMOUS CELL AND TRANSITIONAL CELL CANCER OF THE BLADDER: A COMPARATIVE STUDY PERFORMED BY FLUORESCENCE IN SITU HYBRIDIZATIONJournal of Urology, VOL. 160, NO. 3 Part 1, (737-740), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1998.LINN J, SESTERHENN I, MOSTOFI F and SCHOENBERG M (2018) THE MOLECULAR CHARACTERISTICS OF BLADDER CANCER IN YOUNG PATIENTSJournal of Urology, VOL. 159, NO. 5, (1493-1496), Online publication date: 1-May-1998.Schoenberg M, Kiemeney L, Walsh P, Griffin C and Sidransky D (2018) Germline Translocation t(5;20)(p15;q11) and Familial Transitional Cell CarcinomaJournal of Urology, VOL. 155, NO. 3, (1035-1036), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1996. Volume 151 Issue 3 March 1994 Page: 545-560 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Keywordsbladder neoplasmschromosomescytogeneticsgeneticsMetrics Author Information Avery A. Sandberg More articles by this author Carol S. Berger More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Structural selection of graphene supramolecular assembly oriented by molecular conformation and alkyl chain (2008)

Graphene molecules, hexafluorotribenzo[a,g,m]coronene with n-carbon alkyl chains (FTBC-Cn, n = 4, 6, 8, 12) and Janus-type "double-concave" conformation, are used to fabricate self-assembly on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. The structural dependence of the self-assemblies with molecular conformation and alkyl chain is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory calculation. An interesting reverse face "up-down" way is observed in FTBC-C4 assembly due to the existence of hydrogen bonds. With the increase of the alkyl chain length and consequently stronger van der Waals interaction, the molecules no longer take alternating "up-down" orientation in their self-assembly and organize into various adlayers with lamellar, hexagonal honeycomb, and pseudohoneycomb structures based on the balance between intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. The results demonstrate that the featured "double-concave" molecules are available block for designing graphene nanopattern. From the results of scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurement, it is found that the electronic property of the featured graphene molecules is preserved when they are adsorbed on solid surface.
Sum of the Magnitude for Hard Decision Decoding Algorithm Based on Loop Update Detection (2018)

In order to improve the performance of non-binary low-density parity check codes (LDPC) hard decision decoding algorithm and to reduce the complexity of decoding, a sum of the magnitude for hard decision decoding algorithm based on loop update detection is proposed. This will also ensure the reliability, stability and high transmission rate of 5G mobile communication. The algorithm is based on the hard decision decoding algorithm (HDA) and uses the soft information from the channel to calculate the reliability, while the sum of the variable nodes' (VN) magnitude is excluded for computing the reliability of the parity checks. At the same time, the reliability information of the variable node is considered and the loop update detection algorithm is introduced. The bit corresponding to the error code word is flipped multiple times, before this is searched in the order of most likely error probability to finally find the correct code word. Simulation results show that the performance of one of the improved schemes is better than the weighted symbol flipping (WSF) algorithm under different hexadecimal numbers by about 2.2 dB and 2.35 dB at the bit error rate (BER) of 10<sup>-5</sup> over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel, respectively. Furthermore, the average number of decoding iterations is significantly reduced.
Space Robotics (2009)

本記事に「抄録」はありません。
Overview of geology and mineralisation in South Australia (2003)

Numerous small to medium sized deposits of base metals, gold, and uranium, ranging in age from Precambrian to Tertiary, occur in South Australia. In addition, there are significant deposits of coal, iron ore and industrial minerals, which are currently being exploited. However, the mineral potential of the State is best illustrated by the presence of the giant polymetallic Olympic Dam deposit, and large areas of rocks equivalent to those hosting the Broken Hill silver-lead-zinc deposits, located across the border in New South Wales. The majority of South Australia is underlain by prospective Precambrian crustal blocks, which sporadically outcrop, form extensive subcrop, or are concealed by a thin veneer of Recent cover. Exploration for minerals in the State has been hindered by the generally poor outcrop, creating a challenge for mineral explorers. Meeting this challenge will require the extensive use of geophysical exploration methods.