gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Description of a Database Containing Wrist PPG Signals Recorded during Physical Exercise with Both Accelerometer and Gyroscope Measures of Motion (2016)

Wearable heart rate sensors such as those found in smartwatches are commonly based upon Photoplethysmography (PPG) which shines a light into the wrist and measures the amount of light reflected back. This method works well for stationary subjects, but in exercise situations, PPG signals are heavily corrupted by motion artifacts. The presence of these artifacts necessitates the creation of signal processing algorithms for removing the motion interference and allowing the true heart related information to be extracted from the PPG trace during exercise. Here, we describe a new publicly available database of PPG signals collected during exercise for the creation and validation of signal processing algorithms extracting heart rate and heart rate variability from PPG signals. PPG signals from the wrist are recorded together with chest electrocardiography (ECG) to allow a reference/comparison heart rate to be found, and the temporal alignment between the two signal sets is estimated from the signal timestamps. The new database differs from previously available public databases because it includes wrist PPG recorded during walking, running, easy bike riding and hard bike riding. It also provides estimates of the wrist movement recorded using a 3-axis low-noise accelerometer, a 3-axis wide-range accelerometer, and a 3-axis gyroscope. The inclusion of gyroscopic information allows, for the first time, separation of acceleration due to gravity and acceleration due to true motion of the sensor. The hypothesis is that the improved motion information provided could assist in the development of algorithms with better PPG motion artifact removal performance.
Paraplegic pressure sore frequency versus circulation measurements (1990)

Paraplegic subjects (N = 34) were examined to determine the association of pressure sore history with respect to ankle pressure ratio and buttocks cutaneous plethysmographic harmonic persistence. No relationship was found between pressure sore history and ankle pressure ratio. No significant difference in ankle pressure ratios exists for those who have a pressure sore history as compared to those who have not experienced a pressure sore in 5 years. Those subjects with a diminished buttocks circulation harmonic persistence are more likely to have experienced one or more pressure sores than those subjects with normal circulation characteristics. A Poisson distribution analysis of multiple pressure sore occurrence suggests that repeated pressure sores are unlikely to arise as the result of chance.
Lincoln M. Alexander (2008)

Lincoln McCauley Alexander was appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario in 1985 after a distinguished career in law and politics. In 2007, he published his memoirs, Go To School, You're a Little Black Boy. In this book, he wrote that his success in life was largely due to his mother's insistance that he get a good education. That was the only way, she said, that the son of a Black railway porter and a maid could rise in the world. Since I was five years old, says Alexander, my mother would always say, ‘Linc, you’re a little black boy so you have to stay in school.'” Alexander was the first member of his family to graduate from university and, in 1968, the first Black Canadian ever to be elected to the Canadian House of Commons.
BH3-only Bcl-2 Family Members Are Coordinately Regulated by the JNK Pathway and Require Bax to Induce Apoptosis in Neurons (2001)

The Bcl-2 family of proteins are key regulators of programmed cell death. A distinct subfamily of BH3-only molecules has been identified, but their exact mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we show that the BH3-only Bcl-2 family members, Dp5/Hrk and Bim, are induced upstream of the Bax checkpoint in neuronal apoptosis in a manner that shows significant dependence on JNK signaling. We also show that Dp5 and other BH3-only proteins kill cerebellar granule neurons in a Bax-dependent manner. These studies demonstrate that BH3-only members do not act independently in their proapoptotic activities but rather require the action of multidomain proapoptotic Bcl-2 family members to produce cell death.
Bacterial Resistance to Ultrasonic Waves under Pressure at Nonlethal (Manosonication) and Lethal (Manothermosonication) Temperatures (1999)

The decimal reduction times of Streptococcus faecium, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis, and Aeromonas hydrophila corresponding to heat treatment at 62 degrees C were 7.1, 0.34, 0.024, and 0.0096 min, and those corresponding to manosonication treatment (40 degrees C, 200 kPa, 117 microm) were 4.0, 1.5, 0.86, and 0.90 min, respectively. The manosonication decimal reduction times of the four species investigated decreased sixfold when the amplitude was increased from 62 to 150 microm and fivefold when the relative pressure was raised from 0 to 400 kPa. In L. monocytogenes, S. enteritidis, and A. hydrophila, the lethal effect of manothermosonication was the result of the addition of the lethal effects of heat and manosonication, whereas in S. faecium it was a synergistic effect.
THE INVISIBLE BARRIER: CULTURAL ISSUES IN MANAGING GLOBALSOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT (2009)

Software development across cultural and national borders
					is becoming increasingly common. Even though organisation can
					obtain substantial cost saving by outsourcing IT services to
					offshore location, this practice adds considerable difficulties to
					the task. The production of software implies a considerable
					knowledge transfer effort between individuals from different
					communities of practices, in other words, from different
					professional and educational backgrounds. Studies on knowledge
					management warn that knowledge transfer between communities of
					practice is particularly problematic. The fact that global software
					projects take place in different locations, separated by time and
					space, makes the knowledge transfer even more difficult, since the
					use of ICT alone is not sufficient for the effective transfer of
					knowledge. Knowledge is strongly related with the notion of
					culture, since knowledge assumes different meanings depending on
					the context. Therefore, knowledge transfer in global software
					development has also to deal with cultural differences between the
					partners involved in the same project. Practitioners and scholars
					propose different strategies to manage cross-cultural software
					development projects. However, those strategies attempt to bypass
					the issues arising from cultural differences, instead of dealing
					with them. Offshore IT outsourcing is posed to be a long term
					trend, thus it is mistake to attempt to avoid cultural chock. In
					contrast, both client and suppliers should endeavour to gain a
					better understanding of each other in order to negotiate
					intermediary working cultures and achieve shared meanings. But in
					this path towards reciprocal understanding, the rich countries lag
					behind the emerging countries. The reason behind this asymmetry is
					the imperialistic perspective that still present in developed
					countries. In conclusion, if organisations in the Northern
					hemisphere want to gain advantage from the lower software
					development cost in offshore locations, they should in return be
					prepared to understand and adapt to this new cultural context.
Review Article Factors Affecting Morphology of Skeletal Muscles (2005)

Tesfaye A., L. Tkaaikova, I. Mikula: Factors Affecting Morphology of Skeletal Muscles. Acta Vet. Brno 2005, 74: 153-159. Myostatin is a TGF-s family member. It plays a negative role in regulating the growth of the skeletal muscles. The effects of the myostatin mutation in adipose tissue are an indirect effect of the lack of myostatin signaling in skeletal muscle. An elucidation of the mechanism by which myostatin regulates fat metabolism in vivo will ultimately require the analysis of genetically manipulated animals in which components of the myostatin signaling pathway have been blocked specifically in either skeletal muscle or adipose tissue. Although the expression level of the transgene in adipose tissue was extremely low compared with the level in skeletal muscle, it is possible that this low-level expression was sufficient to block myostatin signaling in fat. Several data suggest that myostatin inhibitors such as follistatin and the myostatin propeptide, or activin type II receptor inhibitors may be effective muscle-enhancing agents for both human and agricultural applications.
Which specific skills developing during preschool years predict the reading performance in the first and second grade of primary school? (2014)

The aim of this study was to examine if specific skills that are developed during preschool years could predict the reading performance in the first and second grade of primary school. Two hundred and eighty-seven children participated in this longitudinal study. At the kindergarten level, phonological awareness (PA), rapid automatised naming, phonological short-term memory, auditory processing, motor skills and oral language were evaluated. Reading performance was evaluated in Grades 1 and 2 of the primary school. Results showed that not only total reading performance, but the accuracy and the fluency of reading as well, are predicted in the first grade of school by the PA and the phonological memory scores during kindergarten. Oral language plays the most important role in the prediction of text comprehension. Total reading performance and fluency of reading in the second grade were predicted by the PA and the phonological memory scores. In this grade, the PA, the phonological memory and the copy of shapes seem to be important for the accuracy of reading. Our results suggest that the utilisation of such early evidence through intervention programmes at the preschool age and during the first school years could contribute to the prevention of possible reading problems in school children. © 2014, © 2014 Taylor & Francis.
Early growth and development impairments in patients with ganglioside <scp>GM3</scp> synthase deficiency (2015)

Ganglioside GM3 synthase is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of gangliosides. GM3 synthase deficiency (GSD) causes a complete absence of GM3 and all downstream biosynthetic derivatives. The individuals affected by this disorder manifest severe irritability, intractable seizures and profound intellectual disability. However, we have found that most newborns seem symptom-free for a period of time after birth. In order to further understand the onset of the disease, we investigated the early growth and development of patients with this condition through this study. We compared 37 affected individuals with their normal siblings and revealed that all children with GSD had relatively normal intrauterine growth and development, as their weight, length and head circumference were similar to their normal siblings at birth. However, the disease progresses quickly after birth and causes significant constitutional impairments of growth and development by 6 months of age. Neither breastfeeding nor gastrostomy tube placement made significant difference on growth and development as all groups of patients showed the similar pattern. We conclude that GSD causes significant postnatal growth and developmental impairments and the amount of gangliosides in breast milk and general nutritional intervention do not seem to alter these outcomes.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Octahedral Cu<sub>2</sub>O Nanocages via a Catalytic Solution Route (2005)

Unique single-crystalline octahedral Cu2O nanocages (see Figure) are synthesized in solution by the catalytic reduction of copper tartrate complex into octahedral Cu2O nanocrystals and a subsequent spontaneous hollowing process. A wealth of colorful nanostructures with widely tunable bandgaps in the range 2.6–2.2 eV are obtained. The obtained nanocages may find potential use in solar-energy conversion, catalysis, and as model systems for fundamental research. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c1128_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Elimination Half-Life of Drugs: Value and Limitations (1985)

A drug's half-life of elimination from plasma or serum has long been considered a familiar and important pharmacologic property. In fact, elimination half-life has limitations, and its value has been overestimated. Elimination half-life is a dependent variable, related directly to volume of distribution and inversely to clearance. Changes in drug distribution as well as in rate of clearance can alter elimination half-life. Half-life also has limitations as a predictor of a drug's duration of pharmacologic action after single doses, which is related more to distribution than to elimination or clearance. During multiple dosage, elimination half-life does have value in predicting the rate and relative extent of drug accumulation, as well as the rate of washout after termination of treatment. Clinicians should consider volume of distribution and clearance, in addition to elimination half-life, when evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs.
47.4: 1 Watt Compact Green Laser for Projection Display (2011)

Abstract In this paper, we demonstrate a compact efficient diode pumped solid state green laser based on a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO 3 crystal, which is suitable for low‐cost mass production. A linearly polarized 532 nm laser light greater than 1.02 Watt CW power was obtained, which corresponds to an optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency of 37.2%.
Blood coagulation and clotting tests in carp. (1985)

In order to establish dependable methods for determining plasma clotting time and to investigate the blood coagulation system in fish, plasma recalcification time (PRT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured using carp Cyprinus carpio weighing about 350g. Experimental fish were maintained at water temperature ranging from 19 to 24°C and kept in practicable minimum of handling stress during experimental work. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vessels without anesthetization using syringe tipped with 20-gauge needle and then immediately 3.8% sodium citrate solution was added in the amount of 10% of collected blood volume to it. All surfaces of devices were exposed to the blood after siliconization.PRT and PT, indicating intrinsic and extrinsic coagulations respectively, were minimum in incubation at 34°C. PT was more sensitive to temperature variation. These results suggest that extrinsic coagulation system in carp may contain thermolabile clotting factors. PRT and PT were minimum at 25mM concentration of CaCl2 used in the measurement. PRT responded more sensitively to the variation in CaCl2 concentration. PRT was prolonged with the increase of rotation frequency and time in centrifugation, but PT and APTT were not affected by this treatment. PRT and PT were not changeable until about 6hours following plasma separation at 4°C. Afterward, PRT decreased significantly with the lapse of time, whereas PT increased markedly. PRT was variable by the quality of storage vial. Activity of carp tissue thrombpplastin on PT was high especially in brain and heart. The high correlation was observed between activities of rabbit and carp brain thromboplastin on PT.From these results, desirable conditions are as follows; 25mM CaCl2 concentration, 34°C incubation and measurement within about 6hours following plasma separation in plastic vial at 4°C.
Design of Dual Passband Filter Based on Zakharov-Shabat Inverse Scattering Problem (2006)

A method to design dual passband filter (DPF) with a single nonuniform transmission line (NTL) is presented. By solving the Zakharov-Shabat inverse scattering problem, the impedance profile of the NTL can be calculated with the reflection coefficient. A numerical experiment is carried out, given the frequency characteristic of a DPF; the geometry of the NTL can be effectively reconstructed.
Sensitivity degradation with laser wavelength chirp for direct-detection optical receivers (1989)

Long-span high-speed direct-detection optical fibre systems can be impaired by interactions between fibre chromatic dispersion and nonlinear data-dependent laser modulation phenomena such as frequency chirp and patterning. The paper outlines strategies enabling system performance degradation in the presence of such impairments to be estimated, extending previous work to specific consideration of APD receivers. A SPICE2 equivalent-circuit model of a single-frequency laser transmitter is used to obtain optical power and wavelength chirp waveforms for pseudorandom data sequences. These are then used with two models for chirp-dispersion interaction to obtain distorted optical power waveforms at the receiver input. A comprehensive performance analysis for pin and APD receivers in the presence of laser chirp is presented, taking into account the various different noise components associated with the detection process. The results show that APD receivers are more sensitive to chirp than are pin receivers, and that this effect is more pronounced for high APD gains and large ionisation rate ratios. It is noted, however, that an overall improvement in receiver sensitivity may still be achieved with APD receivers.
D-Net, A New Scheme for High Data Rate Optical Local Area Networks (1983)

The development of optical fiber point-to-point communications systems has generated substantial interest in the application of optical fiber to local area networks. The feasibility of using guided wave optical technology for local area networks is explored. Various network schemes, including Fibernet, Express-Net, and C-Net, are examined. A new scheme, D-Net, is disclosed which has the advantages of high efficiency, low bounded delay, simple protocol, and implementation flexibility.
Fertility patterns of adolescent and older women in Pacific island countries: Programme implications (1999)

Abstract Compared with some regions of the world, adolescent fertility in the Pacific island countries is certainly not high, but unmet need for contraception among older women is significant.
Magnetic Liquid Marbles: Manipulation of Liquid Droplets Using Highly Hydrophobic Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles (2009)

Magnetic liquid marbles exhibit a remarkable ability to be opened (see image) and closed reversibly under the action of a magnetic field. Liquid can be either extracted from or added to the opened liquid marble simply with a capillary needle. Two opened liquid marbles can also be coalesced into a larger one. The magnetic liquid marbles can be maneuvered two- and three-dimensionally. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Commercial status of thin-film photovoltaic devices and materials (2010)

We present a review of commercial thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technologies and products. After a brief introduction of recent dynamics in the on-grid PV market, we provide an overview of commercial thin-film silicon, cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium diselenide, and organic PV modules - including representative efficiencies, deposition processes, module form factors, and nominal production capacities available for production today. Finally, we discuss the technical, production, and market targets of thin-film PV module developers.
The System of GPS Navigation Based on ARM Processor (2010)

Using the ARM processor and the embedded operating system uC/OS-II as a development platform for designing navigation systems. The system uses GPS systems to obtain the latitude and longitude of the vehicles, by conversion and map-matching to get the actual location on the map, and then the user enter the destination, calculated the shortest path by A* shortest path algorithm and showed on the vector map. At the same time, it was extracted providing the speed, time and so on of GPS and displayed on the screen. The experiment shows that the system has steady performance, the high efficiency of communication, low power dissipation and suitable for the monitoring area of vehicle positioning.
Design of a Continuous Blood Pressure Measurement System Based on Pulse Wave and ECG Signals (2018)

With increasingly fierce competition for jobs, the pressures on people have risen in recent years, leading to lifestyle and diet disorders that result in significantly higher risks of cardiovascular disease. Hypertension is one of the common chronic cardiovascular diseases; however, mainstream blood pressure measurement devices are relatively heavy. When multiple measurements are required, the user experience and the measurement results may be unsatisfactory. In this paper, we describe the design of a signal collection module that collects pulse waves and electrocardiograph (ECG) signals. The collected signals are input into a signal processing module to filter the noise and amplify the useful physiological signals. Then, we use a wavelet transform to eliminate baseline drift noise and detect the feature points of the pulse waves and ECG signals. We propose the concept of detecting the wave shape associated with an instance, an approach that minimizes the impact of atypical pulse waves on blood pressure measurements. Finally, we propose an improved method for measuring blood pressure based on pulse wave velocity that improves the accuracy of blood pressure measurements by 58%. Moreover, the results meet the american medical instrument promotion association standards, which demonstrate the feasibility of our measurement system.
Research on Unauthorized Disposition in Property Law (2008)

The form of Unauthorized Disposition has been defined in Property Law.The author also investigates the conception and the current modes of real right changing,and analyzes the creditor's rights pattern of modern china from the results and the three different theories about the validity of Unauthorized Disposition under this pattern.The author argues that the legislator should design the form of Unauthorized Disposition by making the Unauthorized Disposition effective in principle and the exceptions of validity.
Public Health Aspects of the Campaign Against Yellow Fever in Central America (1952)

Public Health Aspects of the Campaign Against Yellow Fever in Central America Affiliation Norman W. Elton CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.42.2.170 Published Online: August 29, 2011
CYTOPLASMIC STERILITY FACTORS IN <i>VICIA FABA</i> L (1976)

Tissues of cytoplasmic male sterile, maintainer, restorer, and restored lines, and sterile plants which reverted to fertility in Vicia faba were examined in ultrathin sections. Cytoplasmic spherical bodies (CSB), ca. 70 nm in diameter, were observed in tissues of all sterile plants but not in tissues of maintainer, restorer or restored sterile plants. No CSB were observed in a reverted fertile branch of a tiller-sterile plant, nor in 5 of 6 reverted fertile plants. One reverted fertile plant contained CSB in ovules. It is proposed that the CSB are the sites of, or possibly, products of, sterility factors in Vicia faba.