gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNAs that bind and change the permeability of phospholipid membranes (1999)

The RNA world hypothesis presumes that RNA will be competent for varied essential cellular functions. One such indispensable cell function is regulation of membrane permeability. Though this was not a known RNA activity, selection-amplification yielded RNAs that bound phosphatidylcholine:cholesterol liposomes. At least eight distinct, approximately 95-mer sequences bind well to the outside of the lipid bilayer, though randomized sequences had no such activity. No distinct sequence motif for lipid binding was found. However, truncation of one such RNA shows that a smaller, 44-nucleotide irregular RNA hairpin is an active membrane binding domain. Bound RNA increases the permeability of liposomes to (22)Na(+). In addition, using voltage clamp technique, four individual RNAs increase the ion permeability of the plasma membrane of cultured human cells. The existence of multiple sequences that bind membranes and provoke permeability changes suggests that these may be elementary RNA functions that could be selected in vivo.
Recent Developments in the use of Liposomes in in vitro Diagnostic Assays (1989)

Phospholipids can be dispersed in aqueous media to yield closed vesicles that are composed of one or a series of compartments separated by concentric lipid bilayers (Bangham et al., 1965). These vesicles, or liposomes, were originally studied as models for biological membranes. Liposomes can carry molecules on their exterior surface or in their bilayer lipid membrane. In addition, liposomes can entrap aqueous solutions containing various water-soluble components of a wide range of molecular masses. Liposomes may be formed from natural molecules which can be metabolized in the body, thus having an advantage as carrier vesicles in vivo. Liposomes have been studied as carriers of different solutes; e.g. antibiotics (Gabizon et al., 1982), anti-tumour drugs (Juliano and Lopez-Berestein, 1985; Kirby and Gregoriadis, 1983), cytotoxic agents (Heath et al., 1983), immunomodulators (Fogler et al., 1983), enzymes (Gregoriadis et al., 1971), proteins (Gregoriadis and Allison, 1974) or nucleic acids (Fraley et al., 1980). As drug carriers, liposomes have been shown to improve therapeutic benefits by reducing the toxicity, but not the potency, of drugs (Gabizon et al., 1982; Juliano and Lopez-Berestein, 1985). Antibody-bearing liposomes were also shown to increase the specific toxicity of a cytotoxic agent (Heath et al., 1983). The potential role of liposomes as drug carriers has attracted considerable interest and has been discussed extensively in several reviews (Gregoriadis, 1981; Kaye, 1981; Kimelberg and Mayhew, 1978; Tyrell et al., 1976). The ability of liposomes to carry antigens or antibodies on their surface and to entrap reporter molecules in their aqueous compartment make them potentially useful in in vitro diagnostics. In this review, we will describe the recent developments in the use of liposomes in immunoassays.
Self-Excited 150-Kilovolt Resonant Cavity for Operation at 87 Megacycles (1959)

A high-voltage, fixed frequency re-entrant cavity of moderate power requirements designed for use in the Cornell 1.5-Bev synchrotron is described. Design considerations and details of the cavity gap structure are presented. The problem of multipactoring is described. Advantages of coaxial gap construction using an internal insulator are given. In particular a dc bias to prevent multipactoring can easily be applied. A simplified analysis of the operation of the cavity in terms of equivalent circuits is also given.
Clinical Decision Support Systems for ‘Making It Easy to Do It Right’ (2012)

Medical guidelines and best practises are used in medicine to increase the quality of the health-care delivery system. To support implementation and application of these guidelines, clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been developed. These systems are defined as ‘Computer-based information systems used to integrate clinical and patient information and provide support for decision-making in patient care’ (MeSH) These are integrated with so-called Electronic Health Records (EHR), which have been developed by companies and National Governmental Institutes, and are used to register and present the patient medical data. The integration of an EHR with CDSS modules will revolutionize the way medicine will be practiced. In pediatrics, as well as geriatrics, such systems might prove to be even more needed. The development, use, and maintenance of CDSS in a hospital are complex and far from trivial. This chapter focuses on several aspects and challenges of EHR’s and CDSS-modules in daily clinical practice in the hospital.
A Time-stepping Coupled Finite Element-state Space Model for Induction Motor Drives. II. Machine Performance Computation and Verification (conference proceeding) (1997)

In a companion paper, a time-stepping coupled finite element state-space algorithm for the modeling of induction motor drives was developed. The model formulation and algorithm allows one to rigorously model the effects of space harmonics caused by magnetic circuit nonlinearities, topology and winding layouts, as well as their interaction with time harmonics caused by the inverter operation. In this paper, the model is used in the computation of induction motor performance with emphasis on the comparison between sinusoidal and inverter operations, with regard to effects on ohmic and core losses, as well as torque ripples and drive input/output power relationships. This includes harmonic contents of various currents, flux linkages and voltages, etc. The model allows for future study of failure modes such as bar and end-ring breakages in the squirrel-cages of such machines.
A Randomized Phase II Chemoprevention Trial of 13-CIS Retinoic Acid with Or without α Tocopherol or Observation in Subjects at High Risk for Lung Cancer (2009)

No chemoprevention strategies have been proven effective for lung cancer. We evaluated the effect of 13-cis retinoic acid (13-cis RA), with or without alpha tocopherol, as a lung cancer chemoprevention agent in a phase II randomized controlled clinical trial of adult subjects at high risk for lung cancer as defined by the presence of sputum atypia, history of smoking, and airflow obstruction, or a prior surgically cured nonsmall cell lung cancer (disease free, >3 years). Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either 13-cis RA, 13-cis RA plus alpha tocopherol (13-cis RA/alpha toco) or observation for 12 months. Outcome measures are derived from histologic evaluation of bronchial biopsy specimens obtained by bronchoscopy at baseline and follow-up. The primary outcome measure is treatment "failure" defined as histologic progression (any increase in the maximum histologic score) or failure to return for follow-up bronchoscopy. Seventy-five subjects were randomized (27/22/26 to observations/13-cis RA/13-cis RA/alpha toco); 59 completed the trial; 55 had both baseline and follow-up bronchoscopy. The risk of treatment failure was 55.6% (15 of 27) and 50% (24 of 48) in the observation and combined (13 cis RA plus 13 cis RA/alpha toco) treatment arms, respectively (odds ratio adjusted for baseline histology, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-2.66; P = 0.95). Among subjects with complete histology data, maximum histology score in the observation arm increased by 0.37 units and by 0.03 units in the treated arms (difference adjusted for baseline, -0.18; 95% confidence interval, -1.16 to 0.81; P = 0.72). Similar (nonsignificant) results were observed for treatment effects on endobronchial proliferation as assessed by Ki-67 immunolabeling. Twelve-month treatment with 13-cis RA produced nonsignificant changes in bronchial histology, consistent with results in other trials. Agents advancing to phase III randomized trials should produce greater histologic changes. The addition of alpha tocopherol did not affect toxicity.
Weak lensing shear estimation beyond the shape-noise limit: a machine learning approach (2018)

Paper abstract - Weak lensing shear estimation typically results in per galaxy statistical errors significantly larger than the gravitational signal of only a few percent. These statistical errors are mostly a result of shape-noise | an estimation error due to the diverse (and a-priori unknown) morphology of individual background galaxies. These errors are inversely proportional to the limiting angular resolution at which localized objects, such as galaxy clusters, can be probed with weak lensing shear. In this work we report on our initial attempt to reduce statistical errors in weak lensing shear estimation using a machine learning approach | training a multi-layered convolutional neural network to directly estimate the shear, given an observed background galaxy image. We train, calibrate and evaluate the performance and stability of our estimator using simulated galaxy images designed to mimic the distribution of HST observations of lensed background sources in the CLASH galaxy cluster survey. Using the trained estimator, we produce weak lensing shear maps of the cores of 20 galaxy clusters in the CLASH survey, demonstrating an RMS scatter reduced by approximately 26% when compared to maps produced with a commonly used shape estimator. This is equivalent to a survey speed enhancement of approximately 60%. However, given the non-transparent nature of the machine learning approach, this result requires further testing and validation. We provide python code to train and test this estimator on both simulated and real galaxy cluster observations. We also provide updated weak lensing catalogues for the 20 CLASH galaxy clusters studied. Dataset abstract - This dataset contains simulated galaxy stamps of high redshift galaxies, having known weak lensing shear. These were used to train and test the shear estimators described in the paper. The simulations were performed using the GalSim package (https://github.com/GalSim-developers/GalSim) and were designed to match background galaxies in the HST galaxy cluster observations made available by the CLASH collaboration (https://archive.stsci.edu/prepds/clash). Refer to the following two Github repositories for documentation about how this dataset is structured (https://github.com/ofersp/wlenet, https://github.com/ofersp/wlenet-data).
Structural and Physicochemical Profiling of Morphine and Related Compounds of Therapeutic Interest (2009)

A concise account of the physicochemical properties of morphine and its derivatives of therapeutic interest is provided. Such properties include macroscopic and microscopic acid/base parameters, lipophilicity, solubility, permeability that all influence the fate of drugs in the body. The dependence of these parameters on pH is discussed and subsequent implications in drug administration and formulation are presented.
Experimental investigation on large amplitude standing wave induced in closed tubes with varying cross section (2004)

When a gas-filled closed tube is driven near the resonant frequency of the gas-column, large amplitude standing wave is induced in the tube. The use of large amplitude standing wave in practical field is based on the exploitation of high amplitude pressure fluctuation together with the associated phenomena like acoustic streaming, thermoacoustic effect and mean pressure distribution. It is already known that shock wave appears in cylindrical tube and thereby the wave motion is limited in the peak pressure that can be generated. In shaped tubes, it is possible to avoid the problem of shock formation and as a result, large amplitude standing wave can be achieved. And also the mode of standing wave induced in shaped tubes depends on the tube geometry. For practical application of large amplitude standing wave, the selection of optimum tube shape must be required. In this report, experimental results are described for three types of tube geometry, such as conical, exponential and half cosine. HFC134a was selected as the working gas for the reason that the effects of tube geometry in the wide range of pressure amplitude can be investigated than air. The frequency responses and pressure fluctuation at closed end of each tube were monitored. The result revealed that the half cosine geometry is suitable in the case of design of the acoustic compressor.
Ex Vivo Expanded Multi-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Derived from HIV+ Patients and HIV Negative Donors Using GMP Compliant Methodologies Recognize Multiple HIV Antigens and Suppress HIV Replication (2015)

balance by flow cytometry. Administration of anti-ST2 shifted Th1/Th2 balance toward a Th2 phenotype (Fig. In addition, ST2 blockade also induced expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs) (Fig.
Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 Mediates Cellular Senescence Induced by High Glucose in Endothelial Cells (2006)

Vascular ageing is accelerated in patients with diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that high glucose induces activation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), an apoptosis-inducing signal that mediates endothelial cell senescence induced by hyperglycemia. High glucose induced a time-dependent increase in the levels of ASK1 expression and its activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Incubation of endothelial cells with high glucose increased the proportion of cells expressing senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) activity. However, transfection with an adenoviral construct including a dominant negative form of ASK1 gene significantly inhibited SA-beta-gal activity induced by high glucose. In addition, infection with an adenoviral construct expressing the constitutively active ASK1 gene directly induced an increase in the levels of SA-beta-gal activity. Activation of the ASK1 signal also enhanced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) expression in HUVECs. Induction of senescent endothelial cells in aortas and elevation of plasma PAI-1 levels were observed in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice, whereas these changes induced by STZ were attenuated in ASK1-knockout mice. Our results suggest that hyperglycemia accelerates endothelial cell senescence and upregulation of PAI-1 expression through activation of the ASK1 signal. Thus, ASK1 may be a new therapeutic target to prevent vascular ageing and thrombosis in diabetic patients.
Glow Curve Analysis Applied to the Discrimination of X Ray Versus Proton Irradiation (2002)

Three types of thermoluminescence dosemeters (TLDs): LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100), CaF2:Tm (TLD-300), and alpha-Al2O3:C (TLD-500), were investigated for their glow curve response to separate X ray and proton irradiations. The glow curve structure for each individual TLD's exposure to the X ray and proton irradiations was analysed and compared. Distinguishable differences between the glow curve structure characteristic of each type of radiation were observed. The proton TLD-100 glow curve has revealed a complex high-temperature peak structure that was used for the proton/X ray discrimination algorithm. Proton irradiation of TLD-300 resulted in an apparent switch in the relative heights of peaks 3 and 5 as compared to X ray. In TLD-500, proton irradiation produced a more subtle difference in the glow curve with an increase in the ratio between high- and low-temperature peaks. Results demonstrate promising differences in glow curve structure present allowing for discrimination between X ray and proton radiation field exposures.
ChemInform Abstract: Telluroxide Elimination by Oxidation of Alkyl Aryl Tellurides: Remarkable Effect of Added Triethylamine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Stereochemical Studies Directed Towards Anatoxin‐a. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Increase of proenkephalin mRNA and enkephalin content of rat striatum after daily injection of haloperidol for 2 to 3 weeks. (1983)

Proenkephalin mRNA has been detected in striatum, hypothalamus, cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, midbrain, and brain stem of rat by RNA ("Northern") blot analysis using a 918-base-pair DNA hybridization probe complementary to proenkephalin mRNA [Comb, M., Seeburg, P. H., Adelman, J., Eiden, L. & Herbert, E. (1982) Nature (London) 295, 663-666]. The size of the mRNA species in all brain regions is approximately 1,400 bases, and it was found to be comparable with that of bovine adrenal medulla and human pheochromocytoma. The data were quantified by densitometric scanning of the autoradiograms: the area under the peak is proportional to the amount of standard proenkephalin mRNA from bovine adrenal medulla. The relative content of proenkephalin mRNA in the various brain regions correlates generally with the content of [Met5]enkephalin-like immunoactivity of these regions. Rats receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of haloperidol (1 or 2 mg/kg) show a fourfold increase of proenkephalin mRNA content in striatum but not other brain regions. In agreement with previous reports, [Met5]enkephalin-like immunoactivity increased twofold in striatum.
Differential uptake of nanoparticles by endothelial cells through polyelectrolytes with affinity for caveolae (2014)

Nanoparticles (NPs) constitute an important medium for the targeted delivery of cancer therapeutics. Targeting of NPs to a specific cell type is traditionally achieved through the modification of the NP surface with peptides, aptamers, or other motifs that specifically recognize a cell-surface receptor, leading to internalization of NPs via clathrin and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. We have discovered that modifying the NP surface with anionic polyelectrolytes of varying lipophilicity can regulate the uptake of lipid NPs by endothelial and epithelial cells. Furthermore, we report the finding that synthetic polyelectrolytes composed of an aromatic sulfonic acid backbone exhibit specific affinity for caveolae of endothelial cells. By exploiting the higher expression of caveolae in endothelial cells in comparison with epithelial cells, a purely physiochemical approach to the targeted uptake of lipid NPs to endothelial cells is demonstrated. The ability to confer preferential affinity for NPs to cell surface domains by varying the charge and lipophilic characteristics of an NP surface offers a general means of achieving targeted delivery without the need for receptor-ligand-type targeting strategies.
Structure and vertical distribution of the archaeal community in the profound sediment of Lake Pavin (2009)

National audience
Detection of pulmonary emboli after total hip replacement using serial C15O2 pulmonary scans. (1984)

15-O-labeled carbon dioxide (C15O2) was used for the detection of preoperative and postoperative pulmonary emboli in seventy-three patients, more than forty years old, who had undergone a total hip replacement. When the C15O2 scan was suggestive of pulmonary embolism, it was followed by conventional perfusion and ventilation (V/Q) scans. If these also suggested the presence of embolism, pulmonary angiography was done. Three different prophylactic agents against venous thromboembolic disease had been used in the seventy-three patients. Seventeen (23 per cent) of the seventy-three patients had a positive C15O2 pulmonary scan followed by a positive ventilation-perfusion scan and a positive pulmonary angiogram that showed pulmonary emboli. Fourteen (83 per cent) of these patients with proved pulmonary emboli were asymptomatic. Fifteen additional patients also had a positive C15O2 scan. However, twelve of them had either negative ventilation-perfusion scans or chest radiographs that demonstrated atelectasis, and did not have a pulmonary angiogram. Three patients with a positive C15O2 scan had a negative pulmonary angiogram. Two of them had a ventilation-perfusion scan that was interpreted as showing probable pulmonary emboli, and the remaining patient did not have a ventilation-perfusion scan. Forty-six per cent of the patients with positive C15O2 scans did not have pulmonary emboli. This sensitive and readily repeatable test provides an excellent means of detection of silent emboli, an improved method of evaluating the efficacy of prophylactic agents, and the opportunity to correlate the site, size, and onset of deep-vein thrombosis with pulmonary emboli in vivo.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Optimization of the Electrodeposition Parameters to Improve the Stoichiometry of In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> Films for Solar Applications Using the Taguchi Method (2014)

Properties of electrodeposited semiconductor thin films are dependent upon the electrolyte composition, plating time, and temperature as well as the current density and the nature of the substrate. In this study, the influence of the electrodeposition parameters such as deposition voltage, deposition time, composition of solution, and deposition temperature upon the properties of In 2 S 3 films was analyzed by the Taguchi Method. According to Taguchi analysis, the interaction between deposition voltage and deposition time was significant. Deposition voltage had the largest impact upon the stoichiometry of In 2 S 3 films and deposition temperature had the least impact. The stoichiometric ratios between sulfur and indium (S/In: 3/2) obtained from experiments performed with optimized electrodeposition parameters were in agreement with predicted values from the Taguchi Method. The experiments were carried out according to Taguchi orthogonal array L 27 (3∧4) design of experiments (DOE). Approximately 600 nm thick In 2 S 3 films were electrodeposited from an organic bath (ethylene glycol‐based) containing indium chloride (InCl 3 ), sodium chloride (NaCl), and sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 ·5H 2 O), the latter used as an additional sulfur source along with elemental sulfur (S). An X‐ray diffractometer (XRD), energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) unit, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were, respectively, used to analyze the phases, elemental composition, and morphology of the electrodeposited In 2 S 3 films.
An Evaluation of the Management of Acute Renal Failure with Dialysis (1958)

This paper proposes to analyze data obtained on 38 patients with acute renal failure treated by dialysis at the Cleveland Clinic Hospital in 1957 and to demonstrate the use of a punch-card system for correlating 166 variables. The latter deserves wider use, and if generally adopted for analysis of acute renal failure, a nation-wide survey might profitably be done.* <h3>Methods</h3> Fluid intake was restricted to 600 ml/24 hours if anuria existed.<sup>1</sup>Electrolytes were not administered unless they were demonstrably lost.<sup>2</sup>A forced high-caloric low-protein regimen was instituted as far as was practical.<sup>3</sup>If dialysis was indicated, twin-coil artificial kidneys f were used. The technique has been described.<sup>4-6</sup> The purpose of the artificial kidney is to remove retention products and correct electrolyte abnormalities; at the same time ultrafiltration may remove edema fluid. In small children only one coil was utilized and dialysis was done for four hours.
Optical range plasmonics of niobium around the superconducting transition temperature (2017)

We show that a niobium metamaterial exhibits optical plasmonic resonances which change in a critical way near the superconducting transition temperature of 9K. This suggest a hitherto unknown link between superconductivity and optical range plasmonics.