gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Anti-Apoptotic, Glucocorticoid Receptor Cochaperone Protein BAG-1 Is a Long-Term Target for the Actions of Mood Stabilizers (2005)

Increasing data suggest that impairments of cellular plasticity/resilience underlie the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. A series of microarray studies with validating criteria have recently revealed a common, novel target for the long-term actions of the structurally highly dissimilar mood stabilizers lithium and valproate: BAG-1 [BCL-2 (B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2)-associated athanogene]. Because BAG-1 attenuates glucocorticoid receptor (GR) nuclear translocation, activates ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinases, and potentiates anti-apoptotic functions of BCL-2, extensive additional studies were undertaken. Chronic administration of both agents at therapeutic doses increased the expression of BAG-1 in rat hippocampus. Furthermore, these findings were validated at the protein level, and the effects were seen in a time frame consistent with therapeutic effects and were specific for mood stabilizers. Functional studies showed that either lithium or valproate, at therapeutically relevant levels, inhibited dexamethasone-induced GR nuclear translocation and inhibited GR transcriptional activity. Furthermore, small interfering RNA studies showed that these inhibitory effects on GR activity were mediated, at least in part, through BAG-1. The observation that BAG-1 inhibits glucocorticoid activation suggests that mood stabilizers may counteract the deleterious effects of hypercortisolemia seen in bipolar disorder by upregulating BAG-1. Additionally, these studies suggest that regulation of GR-mediated plasticity may play a role in the treatment of bipolar disorder and raise the possibility that agents affecting BAG-1 more directly may represent novel therapies for this devastating illness.
<title>Effects of XeCl excimer lasers and fluoride application on artificial caries-like lesions</title> (1994)

In this study the affects of a pulsed excimer laser emitting at 308 nm (XeCl) on enamel susceptibility to artificial caries-like lesions were investigated. Additional effects of fluoride (F) application were also studied and SEC examinations performed. Sixty-four extracted human molar teeth were coated with acid resistant varnish leaving four windows, then sectioned, leaving one window on each tooth quarter. The windows were treated in one of the following ways: untreated (control), or lased, or exposed to 4 min. APF (1.23% F) before lasing, or exposed to 4 min. APF (1.23% F) after lasing. After lasing, microhardness profiles were obtained and SEM was performed. Caries resistance was generally increased at moderate fluences. F application combined with lasing enhanced caries resistance at some parameters. SEM showed effects ranging from minimal to localized effects to extended glazing. Pulsed excimer laser irradiation, especially combined with topical F application can inhibit development of artificial caries-like lesions.
Invariance par renversement du temps : nouvelles mesures de polarisation dans la réaction 9Be(3He, p)11B (1984)

La polarisation des protons dans la réaction 9Be(3He, p)11B à 14 MeV d'énergie incidente a été mesurée à l'aide d'un nouveau montage expérimental constitué de polarimètres à analyseurs de carbone ou de silicium, en trois versions différentes. Les résultats confirment les mesures précédentes qui montraient des différences significatives entre la polarisation dans la réaction 9Be(3He, p)11B et le pouvoir d'analyse dans la réaction inverse 11B(p, 3He)9Be, impliquant, par l'égalité non vérifiée du théorème polarisation-pouvoir d'analyse, la non-conservation de l'invariance par renversement du temps.
A 13-channel magnetostatic wave filterbank (2003)

A magnetostatic wave filterbank consists of an array of narrowband magnetostatic-wave lines which have a common microstrip input transducer and separate output transducers. The center frequency of each channel is determined by a magnetic bias field supplied by a permanent magnet with a linear field gradient. A description is given of the construction and performance of an improved version of a 13-channel filterbank operating at S-band with a 24-MHz (3-dB) channel bandwidth and a 50-dB dynamic range. A comparison of present and projected performance data is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photochemistry of 1,3-Cyclobutanediones. Decomposition Modes and Chemical Intermediates<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of 1,3-Cyclobutanediones. Decomposition Modes and Chemical Intermediates1Nicholas J. Turro, Peter A. Leermakers, H. R. Wilson, D. C. Neckers, G. W. Byers, and G. F. VesleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 12, 2613–2619Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01090a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01090a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views163Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toward Truly Single Crystalline GeTe Films: The Relevance of the Substrate Surface (2014)

The growth of GeTe thin films on a Si(111)-(√3 × √3)R30°-Sb surface is reported. At growth onset, the rapid formation of fully relaxed crystalline GeTe(0001)-(1 × 1) is observed. During growth, a GeTe(0001)-(√3 × √3)R30° surface reconstruction is also detected. Indeed, density functional theory (DFT) simulations indicate that the reconstructed GeTe(0001)-(√3 × √3)R30° structure is energetically competing with the GeTe(0001)-(1 × 1) reconstruction. The out-of-plane α-GeTe<0001>||Si<111> and in-plane α-GeTe<−1010>||Si<−211> epitaxial relationships are confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Suppression of rotational twist and reduction of twinned domains are achieved. The formation of rotational domains in GeTe grown on Si(111)-(7 × 7) is explained by domain matched coincidence lattice formation with the Si(111)-(1 × 1) surface. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images show the coalescence of well-oriented islands with subnanometer roughness on their top part. van der Pauw measurements are performed to verify the electric properties of the films. The quality of epitaxial GeTe thin film is discussed and related to the crystalline structure of GeTe and its rhombohedrally distorted resonant bonds.
Context-dependent acoustic modeling based on hidden maximum entropy model for statistical parametric speech synthesis (2014)

Decision tree-clustered context-dependent hidden semi-Markov models (HSMMs) are typically used in statistical parametric speech synthesis to represent probability densities of acoustic features given contextual factors. This paper addresses three major limitations of this decision tree-based structure: (i) The decision tree structure lacks adequate context generalization. (ii) It is unable to express complex context dependencies. (iii) Parameters generated from this structure represent sudden transitions between adjacent states. In order to alleviate the above limitations, many former papers applied multiple decision trees with an additive assumption over those trees. Similarly, the current study uses multiple decision trees as well, but instead of the additive assumption, it is proposed to train the smoothest distribution by maximizing entropy measure. Obviously, increasing the smoothness of the distribution improves the context generalization. The proposed model, named hidden maximum entropy model (HMEM), estimates a distribution that maximizes entropy subject to multiple moment-based constraints. Due to the simultaneous use of multiple decision trees and maximum entropy measure, the three aforementioned issues are considerably alleviated. Relying on HMEM, a novel speech synthesis system has been developed with maximum likelihood (ML) parameter re-estimation as well as maximum output probability parameter generation. Additionally, an effective and fast algorithm that builds multiple decision trees in parallel is devised. Two sets of experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. In the first set of experiments, HMEM with some heuristic context clusters is implemented. This system outperformed the decision tree structure in small training databases (i.e., 50, 100, and 200 sentences). In the second set of experiments, the HMEM performance with four parallel decision trees is investigated using both subjective and objective tests. All evaluation results of the second experiment confirm significant improvement of the proposed system over the conventional HSMM.
Obsessional Slowness: A Case Study (2008)

This study adds to the sparse evidence on treatments for obsessional slowness and suggests occupation-based treatment options.
New pyrolysis device speeds on-site source bed evaluations (1979)

A new analytical device for rapidly screening large numbers of samples for geochemical data at the well sites was evaluated. Comparisons with laboratory data have shown that the Rock-Eval tool (developed by Institut Francais du Petrole and Belgium's Petrofina, S.A.) provides reliable data on the presence of source beds, the stratigraphy of organic matter, and the significance of hydrocarbon shows.
Electrochemical Imaging of Diffusion through Single Nanoscale Pores (2002)

A combined scanning electrochemical-atomic force microscope (SECM-AFM) has been used to probe the diffusional transport of target electroactive solutes in isolated nanopores of a track-etched membrane. A polycarbonate membrane (100-nm-diam pore size) hydrated with an electrolyte solution, containing a redox-active probe molecule, such as IrCl6(3-) or Fe(phen)3(2+), functions as the model membrane system. The use of a mobile Pt-coated AFM probe enables individual solution-filled pores to be topographically identified. Analysis of the corresponding current images for the diffusion-limited oxidation of the redox mediator indicates that solution is largely confined to pores in the membrane. Moreover, the tip collector current response provides information on diffusion of the mediator through the pore. Force-distance tip approach and retract measurements allow the radius of contact between the electrochemical-AFM tip and solution confined within a pore at the point of pull-off to be estimated.
Cell proliferation monitoring by multiplexed electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on microwell assays (2013)

Abstract Cell proliferation can be monitored by a wide range of well‐established techniques. Most of the principles used rely on optical, single end‐point methods, often involving the use of absorbent, fluorescent or luminescent compounds. These additives can interfere with the cell growth, thus producing distorted results. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy provides a solution for this problem and enables continuous monitoring without interference. However equipment for this measurement technique is often bulky, highly expensive and lacks multichannel features. This paper presents a low‐cost, compact hardware platform optimized for proliferation measurements, together with custom software to ease interpretation and physical modelling of data. Performance is demonstrated and measurement parameters are fine‐tuned for three commonly used cell types in proliferation measurements. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetics of Calcite Precipitation in the Presence of Water‐soluble Organic Ligands (1986)

Abstract The rate of precipitation of calcite is an important geochemical process which can influence the saturation state of natural waters with respect to pure calcite. The present study was established to determine the influence of water‐soluble soil organic ligands on the rate of calcite precipitation. A reproducible seeded growth method was used to measure the rate constant for calcite precipitation at pH = 8.4 and 25°C, in the presence of varying amounts of total soluble organic carbon (C TS ) added as a water‐soil extract (WSE) or Seward fulvic acid (FA). The rate equation which described the rate of calcite precipitation in the present experiments was: R = k f s γ 2 2 ([Ca 2+ ][CO 2‐ 3 ]‐ K sp γ ‐2 2 ), where R = rate of calcite precipitation (mol L −1 s −1 ), k f = precipitation rate constant (L 2 mol −1 m −2 s −1 ), s = surface area of calcite seeds (m 2 L −1 ), γ 2 = divalent ion activity coefficient, brackets represent concentrations (mol L −1 ), and K sp is the solubility of pure calcite at 25°C. Rate constants decreased to zero in the presence of 0.15 m M and 0.028 m M C TS added as the WSE and FA, respectively. The organic C surface coverage on the calcite seeds corresponding to complete inhibition of calcite precipitation was 90 and 30 atoms C nm −2 for the WSE and FA, respectively. The efficacy of inhibition of calcite precipitation in the presence of soluble soil organic matter explains why many natural waters, including soil solutions of Calciaquolls, are oversaturated with respect to pure calcite. Soluble polymeric carbon constituents which adsorb onto potential calcite seeds, render these surfaces inactive as sites for crystal growth.
Machine Tool Design and Operation Strategies for Green Manufacturing (2010)

Strategies to reduce energy demand in manufacturing processes are becoming necessary due to the growing concern of carbon emissions and the expected rise of electricity prices over time. To guide the development of these strategies, the results of a life-cycle energy consumption analysis of milling machine tools are first highlighted to show the effect of several factors such as degree of automation, manufacturing environment, transportation, material inputs, and facility inputs on environmental impact. An overview of design and operation strategies to reduce energy consumption is thereafter presented including the implementation of a Kinetic Energy Recovery System (KERS), a process parameter selection strategy, and a web-based energy estimation tool.
Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, part 1: National cancer statistics (2022)

Cancer death rates continued to decline overall, for children, and for adolescents and young adults, and treatment advances have led to accelerated declines in death rates for several sites, such as lung and melanoma. The increases in incidence rates for several common cancers in part reflect changes in risk factors, screening test use, and diagnostic practice. Racial/ethnic differences exist in cancer incidence and mortality, highlighting the need to understand and address inequities. Population-based incidence and mortality data inform prevention, early detection, and treatment efforts to help reduce the cancer burden in the United States.
Pilot scale conversion of cellulose to ethanol (1980)

Many pieces of equipment used for materials handling were tested in the pilot plant. An example is a 750 gallon pulper which worked with some wood products but not very well with municipal solid wastes (MSW) because of the plastics and metal cans in the material. A rotary vacuum filter was used for dewatering some slurries but for the majority of feedstocks it was not acceptable. The feedstocks used at the pilot plant, as outlined in this paper, received no pretreatment and were used in the process just as they were received. The operation of the pilot plant in both a batch and continuous mode using potential industrial feedstocks demonstrated the enzymatic cellulose to ethanol technology on a substantially larger scale than had previously been reported. The size of the plant enabled the use of bulky materials, such as MSW, which was difficult on a laboratory scale. The results from the pilot plant enzyme production compared very favorably with the laboratory results, however in the case of the simultaneous saccharification fermentations (SSFs) the data from the pilot plant and the laboratory are only comparable for approximately the first 24 hours after which the pilot plant results lagged behind. The reasonsmore » for the difference in results can be explained in part by the lack of adequate environmental controls such as temperature and pH due to poor heat and mass transfer in the high solids slurry of the SSFs. Contamination was also a problem in SSFs that ran for extended periods as evidenced by the increase in base utilization of pH control and the concomitant decrease in ethanol yields.« less
Measurement of very-high-speed photodetectors with picosecond InGaAsP film lasers (1983)

The impulse responses of very-high-speed photodiodes are determined using 5–15 ps pulses from optically pumped ultrashort-cavity film lasers operating between wavelengths of 1.15 μm and 1.54 μm. The measured response time (FWHM) for a back-illuminated InGaAs/InP punch-through PIN photodiode is 30 Ps.
Liquefaction behavior and product distribution for two Indiana coals and their macerals (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquefaction behavior and product distribution for two Indiana coals and their maceralsGary B. Semones, Diana H. Carlin, Xianreng Shi, and Lyle F. AlbrightCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 4, 1091–1096Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200031a033https://doi.org/10.1021/i200031a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Monte Carlo simulation of photon densities inside the dermis in LLLT (low level laser therapy) (2009)

In this work, the photon distribution of He:Ne laser within dermis tissue is studied. The dermis as a highly scattering media was irradiated by a low power laser. The photon densities as well as the corresponding isothermal contours were obtained by two different numerical methods, i.e., Lambert-Beer and Welch. The results were compared to that of Monte Carlo subsequently.
Implantation of undifferentiated and pre-differentiated human neural stem cells in the R6/2 transgenic mouse model of Huntington’s disease (2012)

Although the rapid brain atrophy and short life-span of the R6/2 model constitute adverse conditions to detect potentially delayed treatment effects, significant technical hurdles, such as poor cell survival and differentiation, were also sub-optimal. Further consideration of these aspects is therefore needed in more enduring transgenic HD models to provide a definite assessment of this cell line's therapeutic relevance. However, a combination of treatments is likely needed to affect outcome in transgenic models of HD.
Rotational band contour analysis of symmetries and interactions of vibrational levels in anthracene <i>S</i>1 (1985)

Over 50 of the more intense transitions in the S1 excitation spectrum (0–2000 cm−1 of vibrational energy) of supersonic jet-cooled anthracene are investigated using rotational band contour analysis, including computer simulations. This allows unambiguous assignment of the vibrational symmetries of all levels below 1100 cm−1 and many levels at higher energies, some of which were unassigned previously. Using complementary narrow-band excitation and energy-resolved detection techniques, a Fermi resonance at 755 cm−1 is thoroughly investigated to obtain the energy separation of the unperturbed states and the magnitude of the coupling matrix element. Levels which showed restricted or dissipative intramolecular vibrational-energy redistribution in time-resolved experiments (1380, 1420, and 1792 cm−1) are also studied.
The Reaction of Phosphorus Pentachloride with N-Methyltrifluoroacetamide. N-Methyltrifluoroacetimidoyl Chloride and 1,3-Dimethyl-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachloro-1,3,2,4-diazadiphosphetidine (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Phosphorus Pentachloride with N-Methyltrifluoroacetamide. N-Methyltrifluoroacetimidoyl Chloride and 1,3-Dimethyl-2,2,2,4,4,4-hexachloro-1,3,2,4-diazadiphosphetidineWilliam P. Norris and Hans B. JonassenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 4, 1449–1451Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01051a512RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (359 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Expression of the Arabidopsis Floral Homeotic Gene AGAMOUS Is Restricted to Specific Cell Types Late in Flower Development (1991)

John L. Bowman, Gary N. Drews, Elliot M. Meyerowitz, Expression of the Arabidopsis Floral Homeotic Gene AGAMOUS Is Restricted to Specific Cell Types Late in Flower Development, The Plant Cell, Vol. 3, No. 8 (Aug., 1991), pp. 749-758
Long-term evolution of magnetic activity of Sun-like stars (2010)

This chapter describes the magnetic activity of the Sun throughout most of its history. We begin with a summary of the activity of the Sun as described in historical records, i.e. going back at most a few centuries. The picture of the Sun in time can be completed by complementing solar observations with stellar data. This chapter focuses on the period from a solar age of roughly 0.1 Gyr onward. The formation of the Sun and its solar system and the very earliest phases of their joint evolution are discussed in Chapters 3 and 4.