gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of light hydrocarbons by gas chromatography using serpentine as stationary phase (2004)

The application of serpentine ore (brownish colour) as a stationary phase for the separation of hydrocarbons by gassolid chromatography has been tested. Separation of methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, iso-butane and acetylene has been accomplished at room temperature (25°C). The separated components were detected with a flame ionization detector. The peaks of isobutane and n-butane were rather broad, unsymmetrical and poorly resolved at room temperature but the resolution improved and the peaks were sharper and symmetrical when the separation was carried out at a higher temperature (50°C). The variation of retention time and peak shape have been studied as a function of flow rate and temperature of separation. Light hydrocarbons (C1-C4) could be separated at 25°C on a stainless steel column (2.8 M long and 2.3 mm i.d.) packed with 60-100 mesh particles using nitrogen as carrier gas flowing at 8 mL/min. The separation of hydrocarbons on serpentine column has been successfully applied to the determination of dissolved hydrocarbon gases in transformer oil. The results of the analysis agree well with those obtained using silica gel column.
Bacterial lipid diversity Molecular and cell biology of lipids (2017)

The glycerophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and cardiolipin (CL) are major structural components of bacterial membranes. In some bacteria, phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylinositol and its derivatives form part of the membrane. PG or CL can be modified with the amino acid residues lysine, alanine, or arginine. Diacylglycerol is the lipid anchor from which syntheses of phosphorus-free glycerolipids, such as glycolipids, sulfolipids, or homoserine-derived lipids initiate. Many membrane lipids are subject to turnover and some of them are recycled. Other lipids associated with the membrane include isoprenoids and their derivatives such as hopanoids. Ornithine-containing lipids are widespread in Bacteria but absent in Archaea and Eukarya. Some lipids are probably associated exclusively with the outer membrane of many bacteria, i.e. lipopolysaccharides, sphingolipids, or sulfonolipids. For certain specialized membrane functions, specific lipid structures might be required. Upon cyst formation in Azotobacter vinelandii, phenolic lipids are accumulated in the membrane. Anammox bacteria contain ladderane lipids in the membrane surrounding the anammoxosome organelle, presumably to impede the passage of highly toxic compounds generated during the anammox reaction. Considering that present knowledge on bacterial lipids was obtained from only a few bacterial species, we are probably only starting to unravel the full scale of lipid diversity in bacteria. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Lipids edited by Russell E. Bishop.
Developing a minimum data set for electronic nursing handover (2011)

The Nursing Handover Minimum Data Set for electronic nursing handover complements verbal handover and provides a tool to give clinicians access to comprehensive information about all patients within the ward area.
Theory of the Concave Grating I*† (1959)

The theory of the concave grating has been examined in considerable detail by methods of geometrical optics. The results derived by means of geometrical optics were checked by comparing them with those based on physical optics in special cases. The conditions for image formation and aberrations in the image may be expressed by equations somewhat different from those given by Beutler which are shown to be in error. The astigmatism and other aberrations are treated with respect to finite length of slit illumination, finite grating size and deviations of the optical components from the Rowland plane but still lying on the Rowland cylinder. Within certain limitations, it is shown that the aberrations present in an off-plane Eagle mounting may be corrected by a very small rotation of the slit in a plane perpendicular to the optic axis. The optimum width of the grating, instrumental line half-width, and resolving power of the grating are also discussed. Finally, the Beutler treatment of the concave grating is examined in detail and the important errors are pointed out.
Experimental Research on the Mechanical Parameters of Frozen Pipes under Low Temperature (2011)

We carried out experiments of the mechanical properties of frozen pipes under different temperatures (-5°C, -10°C, -15°C), obtained axial tensile stress - strain curves of the steel and performance of the overall bending under low temperature conditions. The results showed that: the freezing pipes bending capacity increased with the decrease of temperature, but the stiffness was decreased with the decreasing temperature; the steel yield strength and ultimate strength were both increased with the decrease of temperature, the elongation and sectional shrinkage were decreased with the decrease of temperature. The test results provided the basis for the further research of frozen pipes’ ductile-brittle transition, fracture and other acts in low temperature, and provided reference for the selection of frozen pipe and engineering design.
Functional regulation of the human integrin VLA‐1 (CD49a/CD29) by divalent cations and stimulatory β1 antibodies (1994)

We have investigated the regulation by divalent cations Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ of the functional activity of the human integrin VLA-1 expressed on neuroblastoma NB100 cells. VLA-1-mediated adhesion of NB100 cells to ligand collagen type I was supported by either mM concentrations of extracellular Mg2+ or microM levels of Mn2+. In contrast, Ca2+ alone did not induce activation of VLA-1 but exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the Mg(2+)-supported cell adhesion. We have also demonstrated that VLA-1 can be directly activated by the stimulatory monoclonal antibody TS2/16 specific for the integrin beta 1 subunit, resulting in effective adhesion of NB100 cells to type I collagen. This study has been possible by using a novel blocking VLA-alpha 1 specific monoclonal antibody, 5E8D9.
The cardiac factor in stroke. (1992)

Cardiac disorders associated with cerebral embolism including cardiac surgery, myocardial infarction, endocarditis and non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) are reviewed along with methods to detect cardioembolic sources. Warfarin and aspirin are effective in the primary prevention of stroke in NVAF but the relative efficacy remains to be determined.
A Novel Synthetic Route to 2-Arylalkanoic Acids by a Ruthenium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Oxidation of Furan Rings (2008)

An efficient two-step synthesis of 2-arylalkanoic acids from 1-arylalkanols is described. Firstly, 1-arylalkylfuran derivatives were synthesized in high yields by the metal triflate catalyzed Friedel-Crafts alkylation of 2-methylfuran with 1-arylalkanols without employing anhydrous conditions. The chemoselective oxidation of the furan ring in 1-arylalkylfurans to carboxylic acid was then investigated. In a solvent system of hexane-EtOAc/H2O (1:3:4), the furan ring was selectively oxidized with 7 equivalents of NaIO4 by using 0.5 mol% RuCl3 as catalyst to give 2-arylalkanoic acids in good yields. The selectivity of ruthenium oxidation was controlled by the solvent ratio of hexane-EtOAc.
Sigui breu, lletrat (2020)

L’autor realitza una comparativa d’amena lectura entre dues resolucions judicials recents del Tribunal Suprem i de la Junta General de Magistrats de l’Audiencia Provicincial de Madrid, relatives als requisits d’extensio dels recursos, que en temps de col·lapse judicial per la COVID-19 poden resultar temptadors.
The influence of operating parameters on the drug release and antibacterial performances of alginate fibrous dressings prepared by wet spinning (2012)

Wet spinning was used to manufacture fibrous alginate hydrogel wound dressings. Samples manufactured using varied operating parameters (decreased air pressure and calcium concentration or increased nozzle diameter and alginate concentration) were compared with the control samples. The changes in the fiber size, Young's modulus, swelling ratio, fetal bovine serum (BSA) release efficacy, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and bacterial inhibition potential due to alterations of the operating parameters were measured. The samples manufactured using altered operating parameters had larger fiber sizes (p < 0.05) and lower Young's moduli (p < 0.05). The changes in swelling ratios, BSA release efficacies, WVTR and bacterial inhibition potential showed a significant dependence on the degree of calcium crosslinking of the hydrogel and on how tightly the fibers were bound with one another. By manipulating the operating parameters in the wet-spinning system, wound dressings with different properties were successfully made.
Copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐octene by homogeneous and different supported metallocenic catalysts (2001)

Abstract In this work, the performance of the homogeneous catalyst system based on Et(Flu) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO was evaluated on the copolymerization of ethylene and 1‐octene. Characteristics of some of the produced polymers were also investigated. A study was performed to compare this system with that of Cp 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO. The influence of different support materials for the Cp 2 ZrCl 2 was also evaluated, using silica, MgCl 2 , and the zeolite sodic mordenite NaM. An increase in activity was observed in relation to the comonomer addition for the two homogeneous catalysts. The copolymers produced by the Et(Flu) 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO system showed higher molecular weight and narrower molecular weight distribution. We verified that the catalyst supported on SiO 2 was the most active one, although the copolymers produced with the catalyst supported on NaM showed higher molecular weight and lower molecular weight distribution. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 724–730, 2001
Erythropoietin and hypertension. (1995)

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein hormone responsible for the control of the proliferation and differentiation of cells of erythroid lineage. Recombinant erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is widely used as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of the anaemia of renal failure. Efficacy of rHuEpo and its superiority over blood transfusions have been proven in large multicentre trials. The most important side-effect of the therapy is the increase of BP which is observed in approximately 30-35% of dialysis patients receiving rHuEpo. It appears that the haemodynamic resetting that occurs with partial correction of anaemia may be inappropriate resulting in an altered vascular resistance in relation to the cardiac output. This is in turn due to the combination of increased blood viscosity and loss of hypoxic vasodilatation. Both these factors, however, cannot account completely for the rise in vascular resistance, and therefore the possibility of a direct and/or hormonally-mediated vasopressor effect of rHuEpo has recently been raised. Moreover, scarce information exists on the possible involvement of endogenous erythropoietin in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and haematological disturbances observed in primary and some secondary forms of hypertension.
Who Did What and When? Using Word- and Clause-Level ERPs to Monitor Working Memory Usage in Reading (1995)

ERPs were recorded from 24 undergraduates as they read sentences known to differ in syntactic complexity and working memory requirements, namely Object and Subject Relative sentences. Both the single-word and multiword analyses revealed significant differences due to sentence type, while multiword ERPs also showed that sentence type effects differed for Good and Poor comprehenders. At the single-word level, ERPs to both verbs in Object Relative sentences showed a left anterior negativity between 300 and 500 msec postword-onset relative to those to Subject Relative verbs. At the multiword level, a slow frontal positivity characterized Subject Relative sentences, but was absent for Object Relatives. This slow positivity appears to index ease of processing or integration. and was more robust in Good than in Poor comprehenders.
Stereo correspondence through feature grouping and maximal cliques (1989)

The authors propose a method for solving the stereo correspondence problem. The method consists of extracting local image structures and matching similar such structures between two images. Linear edge segments are extracted from both the left and right images. Each segment is characterized by its position and orientation in the image as well as its relationships with the nearby segments. A relational graph is thus built from each image. For each segment in one image as set of potential assignments is represented as a set of nodes in a correspondence graph. Arcs in the graph represent compatible assignments established on the basis of segment relationships. Stereo matching becomes equivalent to searching for sets of mutually compatible nodes in this graph. Sets are found by looking for maximal cliques. The maximal clique best suited to represent a stereo correspondence is selected using a benefit function. Numerous results obtained with this method are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Variable stiffness property study on shape memory polymer composite tube (2012)

As a typical smart material, shape memory polymers (SMPs) have the capability of variable stiffness in response to external stimuli, such as heat, electricity, magnetism and solvents. In this research, a shape memory polymer composite (SMPC) tube composed of multi-layered filament wound structures is investigated. The SMPC tube possesses considerable flexibility under high temperature and rigidity under low temperature. Significant changes in effective engineering modulus can be achieved through regulating the environment temperature. Based on the classical laminated-plate theory and Sun's thick laminate analysis, a 3D theory method is used to study the effective engineering modulus and modulus ratio of the SMPC tube. The tensile test is conducted on the SMPC tube to verify the accuracy of the theoretical method. In addition, the effective engineering modulus and modulus ratio are discussed under different fiber-winding angles and fiber volume fractions of the SMPC tube. The presented analysis provides meaningful guidance to assist the design and manufacture of SMPC tubes in morphing skin applications.
Diagnosis and management of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure. (2006)

Diastolic heart failure occurs when signs and symptoms of heart failure are present but left ventricular systolic function is preserved (i.e., ejection fraction greater than 45 percent). The incidence of diastolic heart failure increases with age; therefore, 50 percent of older patients with heart failure may have isolated diastolic dysfunction. With early diagnosis and proper management the prognosis of diastolic dysfunction is more favorable than that of systolic dysfunction. Distinguishing diastolic from systolic heart failure is essential because the optimal therapy for one may aggravate the other. Although diastolic heart failure is clinically and radiographically indistinguishable from systolic heart failure, normal ejection fraction and abnormal diastolic function in the presence of symptoms and signs of heart failure confirm diastolic heart failure. The pharmacologic therapies of choice for diastolic heart failure are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, diuretics, and beta blockers.
Imperfect Condition-Based Maintenance Strategy for a Deteriorating Rail Track System with Multiple Competitive Failure Modes (2020)

This paper modeled rail track segments subject to multiple competitive failure modes and shock deterioration processes caused by passing trains. To determine the optimal inspection interval and intervention level of each failure mode, competitive failures were modeled by a series system, the shock arrivals were modeled by a Poisson process, and the deterioration caused by each shock was modeled by a gamma process. A maintenance improvement factor was considered as a function to model the decreasing effect of maintenance and aging on the system. The proposed model was applied to a real-world rail data set in which three geometry failure modes were the possible system deterioration mechanisms, and the condition-based maintenance strategy was determined by a Monte Carlo simulation algorithm for two classes of rail. The effects of reliability level and improvement factor on maintenance strategies were discussed numerically.
Talking Open Data (2017)

Enticing users into exploring Open Data remains an important challenge for the whole Open Data paradigm. Standard stock interfaces often used by Open Data portals are anything but inspiring even for tech-savvy users, let alone those without an articulated interest in data science. To address a broader range of citizens, we designed an open data search interface supporting natural language interactions via popular platforms like Facebook and Skype. Our data-aware chatbot answers search requests and suggests relevant open datasets, bringing fun factor and a potential of viral dissemination into Open Data exploration. The current system prototype is available for Facebook (this https URL) and Skype (this https URL) users.
A monomeric derivative of the cellular transcription factor CREB functions as a constitutive activator. (1994)

The mammalian transcriptional activator CREB binds as a dimer to a broad spectrum of inducible promoters. CREB activity is modulated by several signalling agents (protein kinase A [PKA], Ca2+, and transforming growth factor beta) and via functional interactions with cell-specific transcription factors. In addition, CREB can activate transcription constitutively and repress the activity of several other transcriptional activators. The mechanisms that allow CREB to act in such a malleable manner and the role that CREB dimerization might play in this are poorly understood. To probe the latter issue, we have created monomeric forms of CREB by fusing CREB to the DNA-binding domain of a protein (B-cell specific activator protein [BSAP]) that binds to DNA as a monomer. Remarkably, monomeric CREB acts as a potent, constitutive activator under conditions in which native CREB is inducible by PKA. Thus, CREB contains constitutive activation regions that are unable to function in native CREB. Two glutamine-rich domains that are important for native, PKA-inducible CREB activity are required for the constitutive activity of monomeric CREB. In contrast, two elements within the kinase-inducible domain of CREB are dispensable for constitutive activity. We discuss our results in relation to inducible and constitutive CREB activity and the potential modes of action of other activators that directly interact with CREB.
Ultrasound transmission computed tomography of the breast. (1984)

A preliminary clinical study of ultrasound transmission computed tomography of the breast (UTCTB) was undertaken to evaluate its capacity in the detection of breast abnormalities and to establish criteria for distinguishing benign from malignant lesions. Only patients with palpable and/or mammographically evident lesions were selected for study; complete analysis was accomplished in 78 cases. Visual and computer interpretations of reconstructed UTCTB scans were based on changes in speed of sound wave transmission and attenuation between the suspicious area and the surrounding tissue. In the computer-aided classification, discriminant functions were derived to predict the presence or absence of carcinoma. Visual analysis was subject to a low sensitivity. The presence of high speed transmission within a lesion usually indicated malignancy, although the converse was not true. Computer-aided preliminary screening of UTCTB scans by a trained technician may have the potential of contributing to interpretation accuracy; however, this finding must be highly qualified, given the methodologic constraints of the study.
Dynamic Weighting Ensembles for Incremental Learning (2009)

This paper investigates an interesting question of solving incremental learning problems using ensemble algorithms. The motivation is to help classifiers learn additional information from new batches of data incrementally while preserving previously acquired knowledge. Experimental results show that the proposed dynamic weighting scheme can achieve better performance compared to the fixed weighting scheme on a variety of standard UCI benchmark datasets.
Strain Localization and Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Slabs (2005)

The effect of strain localization and the implications of the use of both normal-ductility and low-ductility reinforcement on the failure mode and ductility of tension members and lightly reinforced suspended concrete slabs is discussed. Strain localization has been found to significantly reduce the ductility of reinforced concrete slabs containing Class L reinforcement.
Ein neuer und fundamentaler Versuch zur Totalreflexion (1947)

Abstract Die Maxwellsche Theorie lehrt, daß bei Totalreflexion Lichtenergie in das dünnere Medium eindringt. Experimentell wurde bisher diese Energie immer nur im dünneren Medium selbst nachgewiesen, dadurch Licht abgezapft und somit die totale Reflexion zunichte gemacht. Es soll nun hier ein neues Experiment beschrieben werden, bei dem die Lichtbewegung im dünneren Medium nachgewiesen wird durch ein Phänomen, welches sich im dichteren Medium abspielt, nachdem das Licht bereits das dünnere Medium durchlaufen und dieses wieder verlassen hat. Dabei wird die totale Reflexion in keiner Weise gestört. Das Phänomen wird quantitativ in Beziehung gesetzt zur Maxwellschen Theorie.
Common mode problematic of solar inverter systems (2007)

Abstract:- In the medium and high power range (starting from about 5kW) mostly three-phase Solar inverter systems are used. The PWM-systems reduce the harmonics of the mains current but insert a high frequency voltage between the DC-link and the neutral point of the AC-side, which is called common mode disturbance voltage here. This voltage is shown to be a four-level signal whose amplitude is in the range of the DC-link voltage. Its frequency is at least switching frequency and its rate of rise depends on the switching speed of the power semiconductors used. The required switching frequency for low distortion input currents and the resulting switching speed of modern semiconductors lead to excessive earth currents. Especially big solar fields show a considerable ground (earth) capacitance leading to problematic leakage current in DC-slink side. Both countermeasures, the reduction and the short connection of the parasitic earth capacitances (as well as the insertion of a differential inductor in both cases) lead to non trivial resonance problems. The problems are described in detail and a solution is proposed.
Haemoproteus tinnunculus in the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) (1984)

P. J. Maloney, Department of Entomology, Macdonald College of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 1CO, Canada; G. F. Bennett, International Reference Centre for Avian Haematozoa, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X9, Canada; D. M. Bird, Macdonald Raptor Research Centre, Macdonald College of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 1CO, Canada; and D. J. Lewis, Department of Entomology, Macdonald College of McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 1CO, Canada