gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and anti‐tetrabenazine activity of c‐3 analogues of dimethyl‐2‐phenylmorpholines (1996)

Abstract A series of analogues of 2‐phenylmorpholines with alkyl substituents at the C‐3 position were synthesized for anti‐tetrabenazine (anti‐TBZ) testing in mice. The target compounds were prepared by reaction of (2‐bromoalkyl) phenyl ketones 21a‐h with the appropriate aminoalcohol 20a‐b to form morpholinols 22a‐h . Hydride reduction of the morpholinols gave aminodiols 23a‐h which were cyclized to morpholines 6, 8, 10–12, 14–16, 18 and 19 by acid catalaysis. Compounds 7, 9, 13 and 17 were prepared by reductive formylation. The smaller straight chain substituents of 6, 8, 12 and 15 , and the beta branching of the iso‐ butyl group of 16 were well tolerated; anti‐tetrabenazine ED 50′s were comparable to compounds 2–5 . The α‐branched, N ‐methylated, and side chain aryl derivatives were less active.
Zur Frage der Oberflächenspannung in den Antiphasengrenzen geordneter Legierungen vom Typ AuCu (1959)

Article Zur Frage der Oberflächenspannung in den Antiphasengrenzen geordneter Legierungen vom Typ AuCu was published on September 1, 1959 in the journal International Journal of Materials Research (volume 50, issue 9).
Sedentary Work and Physiological Markers of Health (2021)

The purpose of this study is to examine associations between objectively measured workplace sedentary behavior and physiological markers of health. We hypothesize that increased sedentary time and more frequent bouts of uninterrupted sitting are associated with increased hemoglobin A1c, increased blood pressure, and impaired endothelial function. Call center employees (N = 241) were enrolled from four worksites in the United States. Participants completed a survey and a physical health assessment. Sedentary behavior and sitting/standing time at work were quantified using an accelerometer. Hemoglobin A1c was measured using a finger-prick and portable analyzer. Blood pressure was measured with an automated cuff, and vascular endothelial function was assessed in a subsample of participants (n = 56) using EndoPAT. We analyzed data with two series of ordinary least squares regressions, first to examine relationships between bouts of uninterrupted sitting and physiological outcomes, and second to examine relationships between physical activity and sitting/standing time at work and physiological outcomes. The sample was primarily female, and on average was obese, prehypertensive, and prediabetic. There were no significant relationships between bouts of uninterrupted sitting or physical activity/sitting/standing time at work and physiological outcomes. In a sample that is predominantly sedentary, at risk for cardiovascular disease, and prediabetic, there are no significant associations between workplace sedentary behavior and physiological markers. The lack of associations could be related to either physiological adaptations or ceiling effects in this sample.
Position and Orientation Accuracy Analysis for Wireless Endoscope Magnetic Field Based Localization System Design (2010)

This paper focuses on wireless capsule endoscope magnetic field based localization by using a linear algorithm, an unconstrained optimization method and a constrained optimization method. Eight sensor populations are employed for performance evaluation. For each of five sensor populations, four different sensor configurations are investigated, which represent potential sensor placements in practice. Accuracy is evaluated over a range of noise standard deviations and the position area is set on a solid cylinder which well represents the realistic scenario of the human body. It is observed that the optimization method greatly outperforms the linear algorithm that should not be used alone in general. The constrained optimization approach outperforms the unconstrained optimization method in presence of large noise. Simulation results show that best position accuracy is achieved when the sensors are uniformly deployed on a 2D plane with some sensors on the boundary of the position area. For the sensor populations considered, when increasing sensor population by one, the accuracy improves by about 0.45 divided by the sensor population. The results provide useful information for the design of wireless endoscope localization systems.
Doubly Bridged Biscyclopropenones, a New Family of Phanes (1996)

The first representatives, 10−12, of the new species of double-decked cyclopropenonophanes were synthesized by cycloaddition reactions of dichlorocarbene to alkynylenecyclopropenonophanes 7−9 followed by hydrolysis as well as in an alternative route involving hydride abstraction from dichlorotricycloalkadienes 16 and 17 to dichlorocyclopropenyliophanes and in situ hydrolysis of the latter. The X-ray analysis of [3.3]cyclopropenonophane 10 reveals a considerable tetragonalization of the bridgehead carbon atoms, indicating a significant deformation of the cyclopropenone moieties in the phane corset. According to ab initio calculations, the π orbitals of the cyclopropenones display transannular interactions of nearly the same scale as found in 7.
Navy superconductivity efforts (1990)

Both the new high temperature superconductors (HTS) and the low temperature superconductors (LTS) are important components of Navy's total plan to integrate superconductivity into field operational systems. Fundamental research is an important component of the total Navy program and focuses on the HTS materials. Power applications (ship propulsion, etc.) use LTS materials while space applications (MMW electronics, etc.) use HTS materials. The Space Experiment being conducted at NRL will involve space flight testing of HTS devices built by industry and will demonstrate the ability to engineer and space qualify these devices for systems use. Another important component of the Navy's effort is the development of Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) magnetometers. This program will use LTS materials initially, but plans to implement HTS materials as soon as possible. Hybrid HTS/LTS systems are probable in many applications. A review of the status of the Navy's HTS materials research is given as well as an update on the Navy's development efforts in superconductivity, with particular emphasis on the related SDIO sponsored program on HTS applications.
Change classification and its applications to program development and testing (2005)

During program development, testing and code editing are interleaved activities. When tests unexpectedly fail, the changes that caused the failure are not always easy to find. We present several analyses that automatically classify changes as Red, Yellow, or Green, indicating the likelihood that they contributed to a test’s failure. We implemented these techniques as an extension of the JUnit testing framework, and evaluated their effectiveness in two case studies. Our results indicate that change classification can effectively focus programmer attention on failure-inducing changes, improving on current manual searching/debugging techniques. Change classification can also determine untested changes, to inform programmers that additional tests are needed. Furthermore, change classification can determine those changes that can be committed safely to a version control repository without breaking any tests, even if a developer’s local workspace contains failing tests. Early adoption of edited code avoids inefficient parallel implementations of the same functionality and possible conflicts when merging independent changes later in the development process.
Interference with the Mannose Binding and Epithelial Cell Adherence of Escherichia coli by Sublethal Concentrations of Streptomycin (1979)

When Escherichia coli was grown in sublethal concentrations of streptomycin, mannose binding activity and epithelial cell adherence of the E. coli cultures at stationary phase were significantly reduced in the drug-grown organisms. In a strain whose minimal inhibitory concentrations was 30 mug/ml, the percentage of reduction in mannose binding activity was dose related over a range of concentrations between 0.5 and 10 mug/ml streptomycin. Concomitant with the drug-induced suppression of mannose binding activity, antigenic and ultrastructural alterations on the surface of the drug-grown organisms were observed by agglutination tests and electron microscopy, respectively. The streptomycin effect was reversible, required actively growing organisms, and was most apparent in the early log-phase of growth. High doses of antibiotic were ineffective when added to cultures which had acquired mannose binding activity. An isogenic derivative with high-level resistance to streptomycin was obtained as a single-step mutation from the test E. coli strain. Whereas the isogenic mutant possessed mannose binding activity and adhering ability similar to the parent strain, it was resistant to the streptomycin-induced suppression of the two activities at enormous concentrations (up to 10,000 mug/ml) of streptomycin. Taken together the results suggest that the suppression of epithelial cell adherence and mannose binding activity of E. coli grown in sublethal concentrations of streptomycin is a result of classic mechanisms of drug action upon the bacterial ribosome. The results support the possibility that antibiotics may act through mechanisms other than inhibition of growth and bacterial killing to eradicate bacteria from mucosal surfaces.
ENTFERNUNG LIPOPHILER TOXINE AUS DEM PLASMA UNTER VERWENDUNG VON HIGH-FLUX MEMBRANEN (1991)

Article ENTFERNUNG LIPOPHILER TOXINE AUS DEM PLASMA UNTER VERWENDUNG VON HIGH-FLUX MEMBRANEN was published on January 1, 1991 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 36, issue s1).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Two Naphthoquinone Antibiotics, Dehydroherbarin (III) and 6‐Deoxybostrycoidin (V). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electronic States Calculation of Cobalt by Using the DV-X&alpha; Cluster Method (2001)

Using the DV-Xα cluster method, two alloying parameters were calculated in fcc Co. One was the bond order (Bo) which is a measure of the covalent bond strength between atoms and the other was the d-orbital energy level (Md) of alloying transition elements. These two alloying parameters were found to change monotonically with the atomic number of alloying 3d transition metals, M . The changes in the Bo with alloying elements could be understood in terms of the difference electron density maps. Also, the Co–M binary phase diagrams could be classified well using Bo-Md map. In addition, local spin moments at the alloying 3d transition metals were obtained. These results will provide us some guide for the design of cobalt-based alloys.
Observation of Optical Nonlinearity due to band-gap renormalization in quasi-two-dimensional structures (1988)

The enhancement of the excitonic oscillator strengths and excitonic non-linearities, by spatial confinement, has made already possible a novel class of exciton-based optoelectronic devices (SEED,FETOM). Numerous processes contribute to the optical non-linearity, Some involve the filling of single particle states of the Fermions that compose the excitons, while others are produced by exciton-exciton or exciton-high-density plasma interactions. Most non-linear optical experiments show a cumulative effect due to all sources of nonlinearities.
Isolation and Some Properties of an Aspartate Aminotransferase Inhibitor, Gostatin (1983)

A novel aspartate aminotransferase inhibitor named gostatin was isolated as crystals from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sumanensis NK-23. The structure has been established to be 5-amino-2-carboxy-4-oxo-1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridine-3-acetic acid by X-ray crystallographic analysis (K. Ibata et al., manuscript in preparation). The results of chemical and instrumental analyses of the inhibitor are described in this paper. Gostatin showed time-dependent inhibitory action against aspartate aminotransferases and alanine aminotransferase. Both pyridoxal phosphate- and pyridoxamine phosphate-linked enzymes were sensitive to the inhibitor.
Secretome Biomarkers for the Identification and Differentiation of Enterohemorrhagic and Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains (2013)

Abstract : The secreted proteins of the enterohemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EHEC and EPEC) are the most common cause of hemorrhagic colitis, which is a bloody diarrhea with EHEC infection that can often lead to lifethreatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome. We are employing a metaproteomic approach as an effective and complementary technique to the current genomic-based approaches. This metaproteomic approach will evaluate the secreted proteins associated with pathogenicity and utilize their signatures as differentiation biomarkers between EHEC and EPEC strains. Analysis of extract from EHEC O104:H4 resulted in the identification of a multidrug efflux protein that belongs to the family of fusion proteins, which are responsible for cell transportation. The experimental peptides identified lie in the region of the HlyD hemolysin secretion protein-D, which is responsible for transporting the hemolysin A toxin. Moreover, the taxonomic classification of EHEC O104:H4 showed the closest match with E. coli E55989, which is in agreement with genomic-sequencing studies that were done extensively on the aforementioned strain. Comparative proteomic calculations showed separation between EHEC O157:H7 and O104:H4 in replicate samples using cluster analysis. There were no reported studies that addressed the characterization of secreted proteins in various enhanced-growth media and utilized them as biomarkers for strain differentiation.
Broad‐spectrum resistance of <scp>A</scp>rabidopsis <scp>C</scp>24 to downy mildew is mediated by different combinations of isolate‐specific loci (2012)

Most natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions are susceptible to one or more isolates of the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa). However, Arabidopsis C24 has proved resistant to all Hpa isolates tested so far. Here we describe the complex genetic basis of broad-spectrum resistance in C24. The genetics of C24 resistance to three Hpa isolates was analyzed by segregation analysis and quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping on recombinant inbred and introgression lines. Resistance of C24 to downy mildew was found to be a multigenic trait with complex inheritance. Many identified resistance loci were isolate-specific and located on different chromosomes. Among the C24 resistance QTLs, we found dominant, codominant and recessive loci. Interestingly, none of the identified loci significantly contributed to resistance against all three tested Hpa isolates. Our study demonstrates that broad-spectrum resistance of Arabidopsis C24 to Hpa is based on different combinations of multiple isolate-specific loci. The identified quantitative resistance loci are particularly promising as they provide an important basis for the cloning of susceptibility- and immunity-related genes.
[Biological markers of bone metabolism]. (1993)

During the last few years non-invasive methods to measure bone metabolism have been the object of intensive studies, chiefly because of the need for sensitive and specific markers to be used in the exploration of osteoporosis. Bone formation can be evaluated by assays of serum alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin and collagen extension peptides. Bone resorption can be quantified by assays of urinary hydroxyproline and urinary pyridinoline excretion, and by assay of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in plasma. These markers have different sensitivity and specificity. At present, serum osteocalcin and urinary pyridinoline are the most effective markers, notably to evaluate bone metabolism in menopausal women and in patients with vertebral osteoporosis. In the near future a battery of tests based on a combination of the most effective markers will probably be used to study the complex abnormalities of bone metabolism which occur in bone diseases, and in particular in osteoporosis.
Second Generation Fluorous DEAD Reagents Have Expanded Scope in the Mitsunobu Reaction and Retain Convenient Separation Features (2004)

First generation fluorous DEAD reagent bis(perfluorohexylethyl)azo dicarboxylate (C(6)F(13)(CH(2))(2)O(2)CN=NCO(2)(CH(2))(2)C(6)F(13), F-DEAD-1) has been shown to underperform relative to diisopropylazodicarboxylate in difficult Mitsunobu reactions involving hindered alcohols or less acidic pronucleophiles (phenols). Two new second generation fluorous reagents bearing propylene spacers instead of the ethylene spacers show expanded reaction scope while retaining the easy fluorous separation features. Byproducts from "half fluorous" reagent perfluorooctylpropyl tert-butyl azo dicarboxylate (C(8)F(17)(CH(2))(3)O(2)CN=NCO2(t)Bu, F-DEAD-2) can be removed by fluorous flash chromatography, and byproducts from bis(perfluorohexylpropyl)azo dicarboxylate (C(6)F(13)(CH(2))(3)O(2)CN=NCO(2)(CH(2))(3)C(6)F(13), F-DEAD-3) can be removed by fluorous solid-phase extraction. The new reagents promise to provide general and complementary solutions for separation problems in Mitsunobu reactions without restricting reaction scope.
Influence of the Kuwait oil fires plume (1991) on the microphysical development of clouds (2003)

Applications of new retrieval methods to old satellite data allowed us to study the effects of smoke from the Kuwait oil fires in 1991 on clouds and precipitation. The properties of smoke‐affected and smoke‐free clouds were compared on the background of the dust‐laden desert atmosphere. Several effects were observed: (1) clouds typically developed at the top of the smoke plume, probably because of solar heating and induced convection by the strongly absorbing aerosols; (2) large salt particles from the burning mix of oil and brines formed giant cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) close to the source, which initiated coalescence in the highly polluted clouds; (3) farther away from the smoke source, the giant CCN were deposited, and the extremely high concentrations of medium and small CCN dominated cloud development by strongly suppressing drop coalescence and growth with altitude; and (4) the smaller cloud droplets in the smoke‐affected clouds froze at colder temperatures and suppressed both the water and ice precipitation forming processes. These observations imply that over land the smoke particles are not washed out efficiently and can be transported to long distances, extending the observed effects to large areas. The absorption of solar radiation by the smoke induces convection above the smoke plumes and consequently leads to formation of clouds with roots at the top of the smoke layer. This process dominates over the semidirect effect of cloud evaporation due to the smoke‐induced enhanced solar heating, at least in the case of the Kuwait fires.
A Survey of Mechanical Ventilator Practices Across Burn Centers in North America (2015)

Burn injury introduces unique clinical challenges that make it difficult to extrapolate mechanical ventilator (MV) practices designed for the management of general critical care patients to the burn population. We hypothesize that no consensus exists among North American burn centers with regard to optimal ventilator practices. The purpose of this study is to examine various MV practice patterns in the burn population and to identify potential opportunities for future research. A researcher designed, 24-item survey was sent electronically to 129 burn centers. The χ, Fisher's exact, and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to determine if there were significant differences in practice patterns. We analyzed 46 questionnaires for a 36% response rate. More than 95% of the burn centers reported greater than 100 annual admissions. Pressure support and volume assist control were the most common initial MV modes used with or without inhalation injury. In the setting of Berlin defined mild acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), ARDSNet protocol and optimal positive end-expiratory pressure were the top ventilator choices, along with fluid restriction/diuresis as a nonventilator adjunct. For severe ARDS, airway pressure release ventilation and neuromuscular blockade were the most popular. The most frequently reported time frame for mechanical ventilation before tracheostomy was 2 weeks (25 of 45, 55%); however, all respondents reported in the affirmative that there are certain clinical situations where early tracheostomy is warranted. Wide variations in clinical practice exist among North American burn centers. No single ventilator mode or adjunct prevails in the management of burn patients regardless of pulmonary insult. Movement toward American Burn Association-supported, multicenter studies to determine best practices and guidelines for ventilator management in burn patients is prudent in light of these findings.
Myeloid growth factors in oncology (1998)

Within the last decade haemopoietic growth factors have become established in the pharmacopoeia of oncology. In the form of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and to a lesser extent granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), these proteins are routinely used to accelerate restoration of neutrophil count after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplant. Their main advance has been the development of mobilisation protocols. Peripheral blood progenitor cells are induced to egress from the bone marrow and re-transfusion after myelosuppressive chemotherapy allows for a simple and more rapid form of autologous transplantation than bone marrow transplantation. This review will give a brief overview of the biology of haemopoiesis in relation to growth factors and the potential lines of further research. Although the established clinical uses of G-CSF will be discussed the main focus will be on the developmental applications, such as ex vivo haemopoiesis, dose intensification schedules and the application of growth factors in the therapy of haematological malignancies. The relevance of novel or more recently introduced recombinant haemopoietic growth factors will also be discussed in relation to these indications.
Speech prosody control using weighted neural network ensembles (2009)

Ensembles of artificial neural networks (ANNs) show improved generalization capabilities that outperform those of single networks. However, for aggregation to be effective, the individual networks must be as accurate and diverse as possible. This paper presents a new statistical model for prosody control that combines weighted ensembles of ANNs with feature relevance determination. This approach allows the individual networks to be accurate and diverse. The weighted neural network ensemble model was applied for both, phone duration modeling and fundamental frequency modeling. A comparison with state-of-the-art prosody models based on classification and regression trees (CART), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), or ANN, shows a 12% improvement compared to the best duration model and a 24% improvement compared to the best F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> model. The neural network ensemble model also outperforms another, recently presented ensemble model based on gradient tree boosting.