gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic Mechanisms of the Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli—Some New Insights (2007)

Group of Organisms................................................................................... 31 2.2 EHEC-Mediated Hemorrhagic Colitis..................................................... 33 2.3 Role of Shiga Toxins in EHEC Pathogenesis ......................................... 35 2.4 Stx2 Binding to Human Serum Amyloid P Component...................... 36 2.5 Gb3-Independent Stx1 and Stx2 Binding to Human Neutrophils ..... 39 2.6 Effects of Stx Binding on Neutrophil Function ..................................... 42 2.7 Treatment and Vaccination Strategies..................................................... 42 2.8 Concluding Remarks.................................................................................. 43 References ............................................................................................................. 44The enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (E. coli) (EHEC) represent a subgroup of the enterovirulent bacteria known as Shiga toxin-producing E. coli or STEC.1 What distinguishes the EHEC from other STEC is their etiologic association with two clinical conditions: hemorrhagic colitis (HC), and, occasionally, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), in humans.1,2 Although E. coli serotype O157:H7 causes the majority of cases of HC and HUS in North America and other parts of the developed World, numerous other less prevalent EHEC serotypes have been isolated from subjects afflicted by these pathogens.3-5The clinical symptoms of HC include diarrhea, often but not always bloody, and abdominal pain. Fever is usually absent, or if present, is typically of a low grade. HUS, when it occurs, comprises a triad of clinical features, including hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. The illness is associated with consuming EHEC-contaminated ground beef (hence its popular name, ‘‘hamburger disease’’) which has not been thoroughly cooked, or with ingesting untreated well water, unpasteurized milk, products produced from the same, or fruits and vegetables which have been washed in EHEC-contaminated water.6-12Cattle represent a significant reservoir for these organisms13-16 and the primary risk groups include young children and elderly individuals.17-22Additional risk factors include the proximity of one’s dwelling to intensive agricultural operations involving cattle.23,24,25 Because of the low infectious dose, person-to-person spread has also been documented in both sporadic and outbreak situations.26
Quantum dynamics of the femtosecond photoisomerization of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin (1998)

The membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin contains all-trans-retinal in a binding site lined by amino acid side groups and water molecules that guide the photodynamics of retinal. Upon absorption of light, retinal undergoes a subpicosecond all-trans-->13-cis phototransformation involving torsion around a double bond. The main reaction product triggers later events in the protein that induce pumping of a proton through bacteriorhodopsin. Quantum-chemical calculations suggest that three coupled electronic states, the ground state and two closely lying excited states, are involved in the motion along the torsional reaction coordinate phi. The evolution of the protein-retinal system on these three electronic surfaces has been modelled using the multiple spawning method for non-adiabatic dynamics. We find that, although most of the population transfer occurs on a timescale of 300 fs, some population transfer occurs on a longer timescale, occasionally extending well beyond 1 ps.
Panorama: A Semantic-aware Application Search Framework (2013)

Third-party applications (or commonly referred to the apps) proliferate on the web and mobile platforms in recent years. The tremendous amount of available apps in app marketplaces suggests the necessity of designing effective app search engines. However, existing app search engines typically ignore the latent semantics in the app corpus and thus usually fail to provide high-quality app snippets and effective app rankings. In this paper, we present a novel framework named Panorama to provide independent search results for Android apps with semantic awareness. We first propose the App Topic Model (ATM) to discover the latent semantics from the app corpus. Based on the discovered semantics, we tackle two central challenges that are faced by current app search engines: (1) how to generate concise and informative snippets for apps and (2) how to rank apps effectively with respect to search queries. To handle the first challenge, we propose several new metrics for measuring the quality of the sentences in app description and develop a greedy algorithm with fixed probability guarantee of near-optimal performance for app snippet generation. To handle the second challenge, we propose a variety of new features for app ranking and also design a new type of inverted index to support efficient Top-k app retrieval. We conduct extensive experiments on a large-scale data collection of Android apps and build an app search engine prototype for human-based performance evaluation. The proposed framework demonstrates superior performance against several strong baselines with respect to different metrics.
Gastric Blood Flow and Inhibition of Histamine-Stimulated Gastric Secretion (1964)

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFLUENCE on gastric ulcerogenesis was demonstrated in the 1840's by Rokitansky<sup>1</sup>and Schiff.<sup>2</sup>It remained, however, for Cushing's<sup>3</sup>clinical observations reported in 1932 to confirm the concept of this relationship and thus render impetus to further experimentation in this field. It has previously been demonstrated that stimulation of the anterior hypothalamus results in enhanced hydrochloric acid secretion<sup>4</sup>as well as increased blood flow.<sup>5</sup>By contrast, stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus did not initiate hydrochloric acid secretion, in fact, it resulted in inhibition of hydrochloric acid secretion following subcutaneously administered histamine.<sup>4</sup>Further experiments revealed a marked decrease in gastric blood flow following posterior hypothalamic stimulation.<sup>5</sup>Thus a relationship between blood flow and secretory capacity of the stomach influenced by the autonomic nervous system was in part established in separate studies. The following experiment was devised in order to measure directly blood
Autonomous Driving - A Practical Roadmap (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Successful demonstrations of fully autonomous vehicle operation in controlled situations are leading to increased research investment and activity. This has already resulted in significant advancements in the underlying technologies necessary to make it a practical reality someday. Not only are these idealized events sparking imaginations with the potential benefits for safety, convenience, fuel economy and emissions, they also embolden some to make somewhat surprising and sometimes astonishing projections for their appearance on public roads in the near future.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Are we now ready for a giant leap forward to the self-driving car with all its complexity and inter-dependencies? Humans will need to grow with and adapt to the technological advancements of the machine and we'll deeply challenge our social and political paradigms before we're done. Even if we as engineers are ready, is the driving public ready?</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Putting a man on the moon was achieved through a series of logical extensions of what mankind knew, with necessity driving a search for technical solutions in the usual as well as unusual places, much as the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency did with their Grand Challenges. This paper addresses the autonomous vehicle vision in terms of the current state and some of the practical obstacles to be overcome, and proposes a possible roadmap for the major technology developments, new collaborative relationships, and feature implementation progression for achieving those ambitions.</div></div>
CHARACTERISTICS OF DYNAMIC MAXIMIN ORDERING POLICY (1960)

It is the purpose of this article to attempt a further extension of our previous studies [l1J [12]. The problem which is the concern of our study is the following type. There is a certain one-stage profit function P(x, y, z), where x, y, and z denote the initial stock, starting stock, and demand of the merchandise, respectively. The exact probability distribution on z is unknown, but z can be assumed to exist in the closed interval [Zmin, Zmax]. The demand interval assumed is identical at any stage in future. Under the assumption of maximin profit principle, our problem is reduced to one of the multi-stage games, and the solution to our problem is to solve the functional equation of the form (Ll) f(x)=Val[P(x, y, z)-,-aflMax(v-z, O))J where f(x) is the total present value of securable profit starting with initial stock x and using a maximin ordering policy in an unlimited number of stages, and a is a discount factor such that O~a~1. (By a maximin ordering policy we mean an ordering policy which is optimal in the sense of the maximin profit principle, i. e., an ordering policy which maximizes the se curable profit assuming that the least favourable situation will occur under the prescribed assumptions.) The method of successive approximations is fully utilized to obtain the solution of this equation. Hence, we analyse the following sequence of (1.2) (1.3) equations. fJ(x)=VaIP(x, y, z) fn(x)=Val[P(x, y, z)-!--afn-dMax(y-z,O))J for n=2, 3,. ..... , where fn(x) is the total present value of securable profit starting with initial stock x and using a maximin ordering policy
Quantification and Measurement of Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Combustion Emissions During Startup and Shutdown Operations (2003)

Quantification and measurement of startup and shutdown (SU/SD) emissions for heavy-duty combustion gas turbines, along with many associated significant issues, are examined in this paper. Included are the regulatory drivers that have prompted increased requests to Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) from gas turbine operators, now required to account for SU/SD emissions in their power plant air permit applications. Also discussed are the complex array of influence parameters for the most popular gas turbine combustors relative to power plant installation and operability characteristics. These issues are presented along with additional background to support a recommended total mass of pollutant per SU/SD event criteria. The complexity of the Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) equipment used to accurately measure transient emissions is also examined. This assessment of CEMS is designed to help gas turbine users and regulators understand the basic difficulties and complications in formulating which—if any—SU/SD emissions compliance criteria should be included in air permits.
Vanadate Induction of L-type Pyruvate Kinase mRNA in Adult Rat Hepatocytes in Primary Culture (1991)

In primary culture of adult rat hepatocytes, vanadate in the presence of glucose stimulates the expression of the liver (L-type) pyruvate kinase gene. Glucose by itself was inactive, and vanadate, like insulin, was also inefficient in the absence of glucose. Similar results were obtained on glucokinase gene expression. An analogue of cAMP, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP, inhibited the production of L-type pyruvate kinase and glucokinase mRNAs in the presence of glucose plus vanadate.
Testing mixed signal integrated circuits (1990)

A technique is described which can be applied to the testing of circuits containing both analogue and digital components. The approach is based on transient response techniques, and uses digital-like test vectors. The technique is compared with current testing techniques for mixed signal devices and is shown to have certain advantages over these other techniques. Experimental results based on a simple mixed signal circuit are presented, and reasonable fault coverage with minimal testing effort is demonstrated.
Rational design of a fluopyram hapten and preparation of bioconjugates and antibodies for immunoanalysis (2015)

A fluopyram mimicking hapten was designed, immunochemically active bioconjugates were produced and high-affinity and specific antibodies to fluopyram were generated.
Extent and Impacts of Unplanned Wastewater Reuse in US Rivers (2015)

A recently developed watershed‐scale hydraulic model (De‐facto Reuse Incidence in our Nation's Consumptive Supply [DRINCS]) was applied to estimate municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) contribution to downstream water treatment plant (WTP) influent flow. Using DRINCS and geocoded data for 14,651 WWTPs and 1,320 WTPs, the occurrence of treated municipal wastewater in drinking water supplies is geographically widespread, and its magnitude depends largely on the flow condition and size of the source river. Under average streamflow conditions in this study, the median contribution of wastewater flow to drinking water supplies was approximately 1% and increased to as much as 100% under low‐flow conditions (modeled by Q95). Wastewater contributions to nutrient and emerging contaminant loading were estimated and geospatially compared with the findings of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule and Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule. In turn, this analysis offers important insights into the treatment challenges facing treatment facilities across the United States.
Quasiparticle energy of semicore<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>electrons in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ZnS</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>: Combined<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>LDA</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>U</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>G</mml:mi><mml:mi>W</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>approach (2006)

We present a first-principles study of quasiparticle energies in $\mathrm{ZnS}$, with particular emphasis on the semicore $d$ electrons that are located too shallow by $\ensuremath{\sim}2.8\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ compared to experiment in the local density approximation (LDA). Although the many-body correction in the $GW$ approximation pulls down the $d$ band, the correction $(\ensuremath{-}0.7\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV})$ is too small to reproduce measured values. The $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ method also shifts the $d$ band down compared to LDA. With a reasonable choice of $U$, $d$-state energy in agreement with experiment may be achieved. Subsequent quasiparticle calculation within the $GW$ approximation performed to the $\mathrm{LDA}+U$ mean-field solution, however, pushes the $d$ band back close to the $GW$ result. These results show that the standard $GW$ method is insensitive to the reference mean-field Hamiltonian for this class of materials and suggest that going beyond $GW$ may be needed for an accurate description of the $d$ electron level in this system.
Reduction of indigo backstaining by post-washing (2001)

The undesired redeposition of indigo during the enzymatic ageing of denim garments with cellulases is a problem widely known in industrial laundries. Today, the usual procedure carried out to reduce the undesired side-effect is post-washing, but so far little information can be found in literature about efficient methods to achieve a maximum blue-white contrast in denim garments. This article deals with the possibilities of removing physically adsorbed indigo from cotton fabrics and of reducing the undesired effect of indigo backstaining in a post-washing step. Different chemical reaqents and textile auxiliaries were tested and compared, Up to 80% of the initial colour could be easily removed with one-component washing-solutions and under conditions of high mechanical agitation. Ethoxylated linear fat alcohols and a modified poly acrylic acid were found to be the most efficient chemical reagents at low concentrations to desorb indigo from cotton. Non-ionic surtactants desorbed more indigo-with a decreasing degree of ethoxytation. With non-ionic surfactants the desorption at indigo improved with a decreasing degree of ethoxylation. The best results were achieved with a complex standard detergent
Hyperelastic Models for Carbon Black-Filled SBR Vulcanizates (2014)

幾つかの主要な超弾性構成則の性能評価を行った.本研究では,カーボンブラック充てん量の異なる3種類のSBR材について,単軸,純せん断,一様二軸引張りの応力-伸長比関係を精密に計測した.ここで,実用上を考慮して100%ひずみ程度までの変形域を対象としている.そして,以下の2種類の調査をした.1つ目は,全実験結果を対象としてそれぞれの超弾性構成則の材料定数を同定して,その材料定数を利用した超弾性モデルが実験結果を再現する性能を調査した.2つ目は,単軸引張り試験の結果のみを対象として超弾性構成則の材料定数を同定して,その材料定数を利用した超弾性モデルが純せん断と一様二軸引張りの実験結果の予測する性能を調査した.その結果,Ogdenモデルの予測性能は皆無であり,Arruda-Boyceモデルは両試験ともに良好な性能を示すことが確認された.
Compensation Scheme for Single-Pole Switching on Untransposed Transmission Lines (1978)

A Modified Four-Legged Reactor Scheme was developed for high speed, single-pole reclosing on untransposed lines. The new scheme, together with the simple four-legged reactor bank, effectively reduces the secondary arc current and the recovery voltage. Equations were derived to determine optimum neutral reactor values. Efficiency of the compensation scheme and the optimization procedure were verified by an example. The modified four-legged reactor bank includes four switches whose operations are coordinated with the line breakers. Switch parameters and suggestions for neutral reactor protection are given.
Computer Simulation of a Formant-Vocoder Synthesizer (1962)

A speech synthesizer of the formant-vocoder type is described in which vocal antiresonances (zeros) as well as resonances (poles) are taken into account. The synthesizer is simulated by sampled-data operations on a large-scale digital computer. Digital-to-analog conversion of the output permits listening to the synthetic sounds. Voiced sounds are generated by periodic (glottal) excitation of one branch of the circuit. Transfer functions for vowel and vowel-like sounds are described by 4 poles. Nasal consonants are represented by 5 poles and 1 zero. Voiceless sounds are generated by noise excitation of a separate branch. Fricative consonants are described by 1 zero and either 1 or 2 poles. Frequencies and bandwidths of the poles and zeros are independently controllable, although certain vocal constraints are capitalized upon to relate their values. Amplitude of voiced and voiceless excitation and pitch are also controlled. Performance of the synthesizer with band-analyzed control data is demonstrated. Special computer input equipment for facilitating automatic extraction of the control data from real speech is also described.
Perfect reconstruction filter banks for HDTV representation and coding (1989)

Subband decomposition of HDTV signals is important both for representation purposes (to create compatible subchannels) and for coding (several proposed compression schemes include some subband division). We first review perfect reconstruction filter banks in multiple dimensions in the context of arbitrary sampling patterns. Then we concentrate on the special case of quincunx subsampling and derive filter banks to go from progressive to interlaced scanning (with a highpass which contains deinterlacing information) as well as from interlaced to progressive. We apply this decomposition to a sequence and indicate bitrates.
Effect of fish emulsion used as a preplanting soil amendment on verticillium wilt, scab, and tuber yield of potato (2006)

Abstract Fish emulsion is used mainly as a fertilizer for crop production but, in a previous study, we have demonstrated its efficacy in suppressing damping-off [Rhizoctonia and Pythium spp.] in radish and cucumber in a peat-based substrate or soil. In the present study, fish emulsion was tested as a preplanting soil amendment to control soilborne diseases of eggplant and potato such as verticillium wilt [Verticillium dahliae and Verticillium albo-atrum] and scab [Streptomyces spp.]. Tests were conducted on 11 soils with different characteristics (pH, 5.2–7.2; organic-matter content, 1.0%–3.7%), originating from commercial potato fields in Ontario, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island with a history of verticillium wilt and scab. The amendment of soil with fish emulsion at rates of 0.5% and 1% (m/m) protected eggplant from verticillium wilt, and the 1% fish-emulsion treatment increased fresh and dry plant biomasses in the greenhouse. Microplot experiments with potato showed that the 1% fish-emulsion treatment significantly (P < 0.05) reduced scab severity (by 0.6–2.1 units on a scale of 0–6) in seven soils with low to moderate scab-disease pressure and significantly increased total tuber yield (by 41%–170%) in nine soils, compared with the control treatments. Fish emulsion also reduced potato petiole infection by V. dahliae in one soil. In potato field trials at two sites in 2004, treatment with 1% fish emulsion (20 000 L/ha) significantly (P < 0.05) reduced scab severity (by 0.8–1 units) and significantly increased scab-free tubers (by 132%–366%) and marketable-tuber (surface scab < 5%) yield (by two fold), compared with the control treatments. Total tuber yield was reduced at one site and not affected at the other. No effect of fish emulsion on scab and verticillium wilt or tuber yield was observed in a 2005 field trial. The reduction of scab or verticillium wilt by fish emulsion was not soil-specific and varied from year to year. The results indicated that fish emulsion was not effective in soils with high disease pressure. Keywords: organic soil amendmentscab Streptomyces spp.verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae Verticillium albo-atrum disease managementpotatoeggplant
Combined Inverter Design and Motor Selection to Meet 42V Automotive System Targets (2005)

This paper presents an integrated approach to drive loads for emerging 42 V automotive systems. The emphasis is on small motors for ancillary loads. The final result effectively presents a simple and low cost solution with high efficiency, power density and reliability but with reduced maintenance needs. The paper approaches the design from a perspective that combines the motor and inverter designs. For discussion purposes, the design is addressed in several steps: integration of the induction motor into the 42 V environment, selection of the inverter modulation scheme, definition of the control strategy, and overall integration. The conclusions are discussed based on theory and simulation analysis, and are supported by experimental results