gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web usage mining analysis of federated search tools for Egyptian scholars (2008)

Purpose This paper aims to examine the behaviour of the Egyptian scholars while accessing electronic resources through two federated search tools. The main purpose of this article is to provide guidance for federated search tool technicians and support teams about user issues, including the need for training. Design/methodology/approach Log files were exploited to examine the behaviour of users of information retrieval systems. This study examined two log files extracted from federated search tools available to the Egyptian scholars' community for accessing electronic resources. A data mining approach was implemented to investigate user behaviour through deep analysis of these logs. Findings Results show that: none of the available tools provide error messages for dummy queries; most of the Egyptian scholars had short queries; Boolean operators are not used in about 50 per cent of the queries; federated search tools do not provide techniques for query reformation; the optimal days for system maintenance are the non‐weekend vacations; and early morning is the best time for maintenance. Practical implications To maximise the value of the federated search tools by understanding user trends when utilising federated search tools. The study shows that more attention should be given to the search capabilities through ongoing training and awareness in order to maximise the benefit from the available resources and tools. Originality/value The hypothetical value of the federated search tools has not been previously examined and analysed to understand user trends.
Differentiation and erythropoietin receptor gene expression in human erythroid progenitor cells [see comments] (1992)

Partially purified human burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E) cells from peripheral blood were cultured for 6 to 8 days to obtain colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) cells. When these BFU-E-derived CFU-E were further purified and recultured in liquid suspension cultures with erythropoietin (EPO), they matured and differentiated into reticulocytes in vitro. A maximum rate of hemoglobin synthesis was observed at day 10 of cumulative culture time by measuring 59Fe incorporation into heme. Withdrawal of EPO from erythroblast cultures at various times during development showed that between day 10 and day 11 (when the majority of the cells are in the polychromatic erythroblast stage), these cells became independent of EPO. The timing of the disappearance of the EPO requirement in these cells coincided with the marked decline in proliferation. Measurement of EPO receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) levels by Northern analysis showed that there is a slight decline during the day 8 to day 10 time period, followed by a rapid decline between days 10 and 14. Binding of 125I-EPO to erythroblasts also showed a steady decline of the cell surface binding during maturation and terminal differentiation. The half-life of the human EPO receptor was 90 minutes in the presence of the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D and the half-life measured at two different times during the 8- to 14-day culture period remained constant. These results indicate that human EPO receptor mRNA must be transcribed continuously to maintain the levels seen by Northern analysis. The human cell system described here is well suited for the study of a wide variety of biochemical events during late erythroid differentiation.
How to Help Teachers Use Technology in the Classroom (2010)

Mary Burns of Education Development Center explains the five best practices used to train teachers to integrate technologyespecially computer useinto their instruction and course design. These universal methods, which have been used in places ranging from Indonesia to the United States, emphasize not only skills training, but also implementation.
Some simple scheduling algorithms (1974)

Abstract This paper considers situations in which jobs require only one operation on a single machine, or on one of a set of identical machines. Penalty‐free interruption is allowed. Some simple algorithms are given for finding optimum schedules to minimize maximum lateness and total delay, for the single‐machine case, and maximum lateness for a restricted multi‐machine case. A simple flow problem formulation permits minimizing maximum lateness for the more general multimachine case.
A fair management of communication establishment for a ring LAN (2003)

The authors describe a ring local area network (LAN), where medium access is executed by a register insertion technique. The circulation of a temporal reference provides an original method of time management. A date allocated to each communication establishment requests is used to establish the data links according to their age. This reference gives an answer to request collision problems. These dates are managed through a distributed queue, assuring a global fairness on the network. Modeling of the global state of the network allows the evaluation of the parameters in critical cases. It is concluded that the proposed network is suited to real-time industrial applications, and offers all the services defined by the Open Systems Interconnection model for data link level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A power efficient 26-GHz 32:1 static frequency divider in 130-nm bulk CMOS (2005)

A 32:1 static frequency divider consisting of five stages of 2:1 dividers using current mode logic (CML) was fabricated in a 130-nm bulk complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) logic process. By optimizing transistors size, high operating speed is achieved with limited power consumption. For an input power of 0dBm, the 32:1 divider operates up to 26GHz with a 1.5-V supply voltage. The whole 32:1 chain including buffers consumes 8.97mW and the first stage consumes only 3.88mW at a 26-GHz operation. The power consumption of the first 2:1 stage is less than 15% of other bulk CMOS static frequency dividers operating at the same frequency.
Membrane filter method for recovery of fecal coliforms in chlorinated sewage effluents (1976)

The standard one-step M-FC broth-membrane-filter procedure for recovery of fecal coliforms from chlorinated sewage effluents is much less effective than the multiple-tube (most-probable-number) technique. A two-step membrane-filter method, using a pre-enrichment technique with phenol red lactose broth and incubation at 35 degrees C for 4 h, followether 18+/-2 h, enhanced fecal coliform recovery from chlorinated effluents. The results of 126 comparisons using chlorinated effluents from five wastewater plants showed that fecal coliform recovery by using the two-step membrane-filter method is comparable to that using the multiple-tube procedure.
Dynamic contrast enhancement in widefield microscopy using projector-generated illumination patterns (2007)

We present a simple and cost-effective optical protocol to realize contrast-enhancement imaging (such as dark-field, optical-staining and oblique illumination microscopy) of transparent samples on a conventional widefield microscope using commercial multimedia projectors. The projector functions as both light source and mask generator implemented by creating slideshows of the filters projected along the illumination planes of the microscope. The projected optical masks spatially modulate the distribution of the incident light to selectively enhance structures within the sample according to spatial frequency thereby increasing the image contrast of translucent biological specimens. Any amplitude filter can be customized and dynamically controlled so that switching from one imaging modality to another involves a simple slide transition and can be executed at a keystroke with no physical filters and no moving optical parts. The method yields an image contrast of 89–96% comparable with standard enhancement techniques. The polarization properties of the projector are then utilized to discriminate birefringent and non-birefringent sites on the sample using single-shot, simultaneous polarization and optical-staining microscopy. In addition to dynamic pattern generation and polarization, the projector also provides high illumination power and spectral excitation selectivity through its red-green-blue (RGB) channels. We exploit this last property to explore the feasibility of using video projectors to selectively excite stained samples and perform fluorescence imaging in tandem with reflectance and polarization reflectance microscopy.
Effect of resveratrol on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced biochemical and behavioural changes: possible neuroprotective mechanisms (2006)

Huntington's disease is a progressive, degenerative disease characterized by abnormal body movements called chorea, and a reduction of various mental abilities. 3-Nitropropionic acid, an inhibitor of complex II of the electron transport chain, causes Huntington's disease-like symptoms in rodents. Recently, it has been reported that oxidative stress, which is one of the pathological hallmarks of various neurodegenerative disorders, also plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease. The present study was designed to investigate effects of resveratrol, an antioxidant with cyclooxygenase I inhibitory activity, in the 3-nitropropionic acid-induced model of Huntington's disease. Intraperitoneal administration of 3-nitropropionic acid (20 mg/kg for 4 days) caused significant loss of body weight, a decline in motor function (locomotor activity, movement pattern and vacuous chewing movements) and poor retention of memory. Repeated treatment with resveratrol (5 and 10 mg/kg, orally), once daily for a period of 8 days beginning 4 days prior to 3-nitropropionic acid administration, significantly improved the 3-nitropropionic acid-induced motor and cognitive impairment. Biochemical analysis revealed that systemic 3-nitropropionic acid administration significantly increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite levels, and depleted reduced glutathione levels, and decreased succinate dehydrogenase activity in the brains of rats. The results of the present study indicate that resveratrol (5 and 10 mg/kg, orally) significantly reversed 3-nitropropionic acid-induced motor and cognitive impairment, and that the beneficial effects of resveratrol might be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
Holmes and Johnson (1998)

The Chumash and Their Predecessors: An Annotated Bibliography. Compiled and annotated by Marie S. Holmes and John R. Johnson. Contributions in Anthropology No. 1, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, 1998, xiv -I- 228 pp., 1 map, 3 indices, $32.50 (paper).
RF & Microwave Design Essentials: Engineering Design and Analysis from DC to Microwaves (2007)

RF & Microwave Design Essentials This book is an indispensable tool for the RF/Microwave engineer as well as the scientist in the field working on the high frequency circuit applications. You will discover: ] Electricity Fundamentals ] Wave propagation ] Amplifier Design ] Gain Equations ] CAD Examples ] S-Parameters ] Circuit Noise ] RF Design ] Circuit Stability ] Transmission Lines ] RF/Microwave Bands ] Matching Circuit Design ] Smith Chart Applications ] BJT and FET Circuit Design ] Advanced RF/Microwave Concepts most realistic and inspiring book with invaluable practical insights. Dr. S. K. Ramesh , Dean of Engineering, California State University, Northridge A completely unique book that unlocks the mysteries of our microwave world. Paul Luong, Senior Microwave Engineer ATK Mission Systems, Inc. The CD-ROM provides design worksheets and menus as well as actual design examples in a Microsoft Excel Environment, where the student can design or analyze RF/Microwave circuits easily and efficiently.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE ACTION OF COX-2 SELECTIVE NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS AND TRADITIONAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS IN BONE REGENERATION (2006)

Fracture consolidation in Wistar rats occurs within less than 2 weeks, and the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs does not significantly influence this process.
Early prednisone treatment in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2002)

The purpose of this long-term, open parallel-group, double-consent study of alternate-day, low-dose prednisone in 2-4-year-old patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) was to determine whether prednisone produces a beneficial effect when given earlier than usual. Muscle function was evaluated by timed tests, and muscle strength with a hand-held myometer. After 55 months of treatment, the five patients (mean age 8.3 years) in the prednisone group were still able to get up from the floor, whereas two of the three in the control group had lost this ability. Side effects included a decline in growth rate in the prednisone-treated patients and excessive weight gain in one control and three treated patients. Because steroids are effective in prolonging function, but not in recovering lost function, we propose that treatment be started with low-dose prednisone in DMD patients as soon as the diagnosis is definite.
CHAPTER V (2010)

A few hours' ride next morning brought us to the city of Laichow-foo. My husband immediately went into the city with books, and left me at the inn, to give attention to matters relating to provender. Crowds of boys came rushing in to stare at the foreign woman. I was speedily considered fair prey by a small army of young ruffians. To escape from them, I closed the double-leaved door, and retired to a corner with my books. They crept quietly up to the door, and suddenly, with a bang, opened both sides of it, and whooped and howled distractingly. Outside there was quite an embankment of faces. Again I shut the door and bolted it, and hoped for quietness, but the hooting and noise of the boys continued. They shouted, ‘Devil woman, open the door!’ Then they began to use language which they would not have used had they known that I understood it. This was not to be borne; I opened the door to make friends with these boys. That crowd of youngsters had something like half-a-dozen Chinese ‘Tom Sawyers,’ hooting and yelling as if possessed. Out I came, and said, ‘Look here, boys. Have you got fathers?’
Myelin water imaging to detect demyelination and remyelination and its validation in pathology (2018)

Damage to myelin is a key feature of multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized our ability to detect and monitor MS pathology in vivo. Proton density, T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> can provide qualitative contrast weightings that yield superb in vivo visualization of central nervous system tissue and have proved invaluable as diagnostic and patient management tools in MS. However, standard clinical MR methods are not specific to the types of tissue damage they visualize, and they cannot detect subtle abnormalities in tissue that appears otherwise normal on conventional MRIs. Myelin water imaging is an MR method that provides in vivo measurement of myelin. Histological validation work in both human brain and spinal cord tissue demonstrates a strong correlation between myelin water and staining for myelin, validating myelin water as a marker for myelin. Myelin water varies throughout the brain and spinal cord in healthy controls, and shows good intra- and inter-site reproducibility. MS plaques show variably decreased myelin water fraction, with older lesions demonstrating the greatest myelin loss. Longitudinal study of myelin water can provide insights into the dynamics of demyelination and remyelination in plaques. Normal appearing brain and spinal cord tissues show reduced myelin water, an abnormality which becomes progressively more evident over a timescale of years. Diffusely abnormal white matter, which is evident in 20%-25% of MS patients, also shows reduced myelin water both in vivo and postmortem, and appears to originate from a primary lipid abnormality with relative preservation of myelin proteins. Active research is ongoing in the quest to refine our ability to image myelin and its perturbations in MS and other disorders of the myelin sheath.
A 105.5 dB, 0.49 mm<sup>2</sup> Audio &#x03A3;&#x0394; modulator using chopper stabilization and fully randomized DWA (2008)

An audio S.modulator achieves 105.5 dB dynamic range over 20 kHz audio bandwidth. A chopper stabilization technique is used in both the first integrator and the reference buffer to prevent degradation of the dynamic range and the peak signal-to-noise-plus-distortion-ratio due to flicker noise. A fully randomized data weighted averaging is used as a dynamic element matching technique to suppress the generation of spurious tones with a negligible increase in the in-band noise compared to conventional data weighted averaging. The chip was fabricated in 0.13 μm CMOS technology (I/O devices) and occupies a small chip area of 0.49 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The total power consumption is 9.9 mW from a 3.3 V supply.
Transition from Mott Insulator to Superconductor in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">N</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">G</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">T</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">a</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">e</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>under High Pressure (2004)

Electronic conduction in GaM4Se8 (M=Nb,Ta) compounds with the fcc GaMo4S8-type structure originates from hopping of localized unpaired electrons (S=1 / 2) among widely separated tetrahedral M4 metal clusters. We show that under pressure these systems transform from Mott insulators to a metallic and superconducting state with T(C)=2.9 and 5.8 K at 13 and 11.5 GPa for GaNb4Se8 and GaTa4Se8, respectively. The occurrence of superconductivity is shown to be connected with a pressure-induced decrease of the MSe6 octahedral distortion and simultaneous softening of the phonon associated with M-Se bonds.
Interstitial photodynamic therapy as salvage treatment for recurrent head and neck cancer (2004)

Interstitial photodynamic therapy (IPDT) is a technique for applying photodynamic therapy (PDT) to internal tumours using light delivered via fibres inserted percutaneously. This phase I-II study assessed the safety and efficacy of IPDT for patients with persistent or recurrent head and neck cancer unsuitable for further treatment with surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, recruited for 'last hope' salvage treatment. Patients were sensitised with 0.15 mg kg(-1) mTHPC (meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin) 4 days prior to light delivery from fibres inserted directly into the target tumour (20 J per site at 652 nm) under image guidance. In all, 45 patients were treated. Nine achieved a complete response. Five are alive and free of disease 10-60 months later. Symptomatic relief (mainly for bleeding, pain or tumour debulking) was achieved in a further 24. The median survival (Kaplan-Meier) was 16 months for the 33 responders, but only 2 months for the 12 nonresponders. The only serious complication was a carotid blow out 2 weeks after PDT. No loss of function was detected in nerves encased by treated tumours. Interstitial photodynamic therapy provides worthwhile palliation with few complications and occasional long-term survivors for otherwise untreatable advanced head and neck cancers. It is a treatment option worth adding to those available to integrated head and neck oncology teams.
Scaling Rules for Thin-Film Optical Waveguides (1974)

An asymmetry measure is introduced to characterize thin-film optical waveguides that are asymmetric in refractive index. Together with the usual normalized frequency this allows the plotting of universal charts from which the guide cutoff, the effective guide index, and the effective guide thickness can be determined by the use of simple scaling rules. The minimum value of the effective guide thickness is found to be a simple function of wavelength and the film and substrate indices.
Solubility and water absorption of orthodontic cements. (1975)

Solubility and water absorption of eight orthodontic cements were determined as a function of time. Two brands of BIS-GMA and three brands of acrylic cements ranked about equally in solubility and water absorption. Three brands of polycarboxylate cements were appreciably poorer in these properties.
Practical Imidazole‐Based Phosphine Ligands for Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxylation of Aryl Halides (2008)

The phenol countdown: Novel imidazole-based phosphine ligands are synthesized on scales up to 100 g by a convenient lithiation–phosphorylation method. The phosphines are stable towards air and moisture and are successfully applied as ligands in the palladium-catalyzed selective hydroxylation of aryl halides (see scheme, dba=dibenzylideneacetone). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis of Isotactic Polypropylene Containing a Terminal Cl, OH, or NH<sub>2</sub> Group via Metallocene-Mediated Polymerization/Chain Transfer Reaction (2002)

This paper discusses a direct (one-pot) polymerization process to prepare isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) having a terminal functional group including Cl, OH, and NH2. The chemistry involves metallocene-mediated propylene polymerization using rac-Me2Si[2-Me-4-Ph(Ind)]2ZrCl2/MAO complex in the presence of styrene derivatives (St−f), carrying a Cl (St−Cl) or a silane-protected OH (St−OSi) or a silane-protected NH2 (St−NSi2), followed by hydrogenation. Apparently, the propylene propagating chain end engages in a facile consecutive chain transfer reaction, reacting with St−f and then hydrogen, with high catalyst reactivity under the proper St−f and hydrogen concentrations. The polymer molecular weight was inversely proportional to the molar ratio of [St−f]/[propylene] with a chain transfer constant (ktr/kp) of 1/21 for St−Cl, 1/34 for St−NSi2, and 1/48 for St−OSi, respectively. Both silane protecting groups were hydrolyzed in acidic aqueous solution during the sample workup step to obtain the desirable i-PP polymers with a terminal OH and NH2 group (i.e., PP-t-St−OH and PP-t-St−NH2). The terminal functional group was confirmed by end group analysis and chain extension reaction. Despite the high molecular weight, the terminal functional group in PP engages a coupling reaction with polycapolactone (PCL) in solution and melt to form PP-b-PCL diblock copolymers that are very effective compatibilizers in PP/PCL polymer blends.
中美水雷战（上）——水雷的威胁 (2013)

“水雷，是一种可怕的武器，它静静地潜伏在水下，耐心地等待猎物上门。布设水雷永远是有效杀伤敌方海上作战力量最惠而不费、同时也是最简单易行的手段。理论上，每一艘船都能够充当扫雷舰使用——但只能用一次!”