gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid image watermarking using local complexity variations (2013)

Watermarking is a method for protection of digital media intellectual property. Production of multimedia content has increased in recent years and protection of copyright is highly demanded. Different watermarking methods have been proposed to satisfy the tradeoff between imperceptibility while maintaining a proper capacity for the embedded data. In general, transform domain watermarks, such as Contourlet-based methods, produce superior results as compared to spatial algorithms. Embedding in visually more complex regions of image would enhance imperceptibility of the method. In this paper we introduce a new complexity measure for this purpose. To show the effective of this criterion, we proposed a hybrid embedding scheme based on Contourlet Transform (CT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT). This is done by analyzing complexities of image blocks in the CT domain to adaptively change the watermarking strength factor. This property enables our method to take advantage of all image blocks to elevate the embedding capacity while preserving imperceptibility. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed method to be higher than similar works in this domain.
Most-significant-bit-first serial/parallel multipliers (1998)

Three serial/parallel multipliers are introduced, which both receive the serial input data and produce the serial product in a most-significant-bit-first (MSB-first) fashion. Advantages of using MSB-first multiplication over conventional least-significant-bit-first multiplication include efficient calculation of MSB-first data from analogue/digital conversion; efficient interfacing with MSB-first algorithms such as square root and division; and simple truncation of the product. The approach does not utilise any special number system, but multiplier architectures both for unsigned and two's complement number representation (both for the direct and the Baugh–Wooley algorithms) are provided.
Friction-controlled bending solitons as folding pathway toward colloidal clusters (2010)

We study the conformational transition of an ensemble of magnetic particles from a linear chain to a compact cluster when subjected to an external magnetic field modulation. We show that the transient dynamics induced by switching the field from static to rotating is governed by the relative friction of adjacent particles in the chain. Solid particles show bending solitons counter-propagating along the chain while buckling of the chain is the mechanism preferred by ferrofluid droplets. By combining real-space experiments with numerical simulations we unveil the underlying mechanism of folding pathways in driven colloidal systems.
Advancing Pig Cloning Technologies Towards Application in Regenerative Medicine (2012)

Regenerative medicine is expected to make a significant contribution by development of novel therapeutic treatments for intractable diseases and for improving the quality of life of patients. Many advances in regenerative medicine, including basic and translational research, have been developed and tested in experimental animals; pigs have played an important role in various aspects of this work. The value of pigs as a model species is being enhanced by the generation of specially designed animals through cloning and genetic modifications, enabling more sophisticated research to be performed and thus accelerating the clinical application of regenerative medicine. This article reviews the significant aspects of the creation and application of cloned and genetically modified pigs in regenerative medicine research and considers the possible future directions of the technology. We also discuss the importance of reproductive biology as an interface between basic science and clinical medicine.
GDF5 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs143383 is associated with lumbar disc degeneration in Northern European women (2010)

Our findings in 5 population cohorts from Northern Europe indicate that a variant in the GDF5 gene is a risk factor for LDD in women. Many more such variants are predicted to exist, but this result highlights the growth and differentiation cellular pathway as a possible route to a better understanding of the process behind lumbar disc degeneration.
Visible and near-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of liquid water: comment (2000)

Measurements of the absorption of pure water have been described [Appl. Opt. 38, 1216 (1999)]. This comment on that paper disputes the claims that (1) their list of references on pure water absorption is complete, (2) their result "...provides reliable data in the 320-420-nm region...," and (3) their data agree well with existing data in the literature. The clearest demonstration of these points is made by plotting their data and its associated error bars together with plots of other data in the literature that should be considered significantly more reliable. Finally, for practical applications that require absorption data, a suggestion is made for the best choice of absorption coefficients in the range of 196 nm <or= lambda <or= 700 nm.
Label-free extraction of extracellular vesicles using centrifugal microfluidics (2018)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role as active messengers in intercellular communication and distant microenvironment modeling. Increasingly, these EVs are recognized as important biomarkers for clinical diagnostics. However, current isolation methods of EVs are time-consuming and ineffective due to the high diffusive characteristics of nanoparticles coupled with fluid flow instability. Here, we develop a microfluidic CEntrifugal Nanoparticles Separation and Extraction (µCENSE) platform for the rapid and label-free isolation of microvesicles. By utilizing centrifugal microhydrodynamics, we subject the nanosuspensions between 100 nm and 1000 nm to a unique fluid flow resulting in a zonal separation into different outlets for easy post-processing. Our centrifugal platform utilizes a gentle and efficient size-based separation without the requirements of syringe pump and other accessories. Based on our results, we report a high separation efficiency of 90% and an extraction purity of 85% within a single platform. Importantly, we demonstrate high EV extraction using a table top centrifuge within a short duration of eight minutes. The simple processes and the small volume requirement further enhance the utility of the platform. With this platform, it serves as a potential for liquid biopsy extraction and point-of-care diagnostics.
Development of an Extended Range Start-Up Monitor (ERSM) for Boiling Water Reactors (1984)

Since TMI, new requirements for reactor instrumentation for PWR and BWR reactors have been stipulated in Regulatory Guide 1.97 (Rev. 2). One of the requirements calls for the measurement of neutron flux as a key variable in monitoring the status of reactivity control. This variable has been classified as Type B, Category 1, with a neutron flux range of 10-6% to 100% full power (8 decades). In the case of PWR's, a recent trend has been to install new wide range neutron flux channels using high sensitivity fission counters. BWR's, however, have very low leakage flux; therefore the measurement has to be made with either existing or new in-core neutron flux monitors. The existing in-core instrumentation in a BWR currently performs important reactor safety functions. To avoid interferring with these functions, a new fixed Wide Range Flux Monitor (WRFM) has been designed to cover the range of 10-6% to 100% full power with a single assembly. Each WRFM is designed with four fission detectors axially spaced along the fuel in an assembly which is dimensionally identical to an LPRM assembly. These assemblies will be installed in existing spare LPRM locations near the periphery of the core. Installation and removal techniques are similar to those for LPRM's. The four fission detectors within each assembly are of two types: 1. Two detectors separated axially above the core midplane are fission counters with regenerative (234U/235U) coatings for long life.
Titrationen mit Chrom(II)‐Salzlösungen. III. Die chromometrische Bestimmung von Eisen, Kupfer, Titan, Vanadium, Chrom, Molybdän und Wolfram in Gemischen (1944)

Abstract 1. Es wird auf die Verwendbarkeit von Chrom(II)‐Salzlösungen zur Analyse von Gemischen reduzierbarer Stoffe hingewiesen.
Epigenetic signature of Gleason score and prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy (2016)

This report shows evidence that DNA methylation patterns measured in prostate tumor cells are predictive of PCa aggressiveness. The epigenetic signature may have clinical utility to improve prognostication particularly in patients with intermediate Gleason score 7 tumors.
Quantitative study of the migration of lymphocyte subsets through 3-D collagen gels. (1986)

Migratory properties of normal peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were studied with a 3-D collagen gel model. Both the T and B subsets entered the gel at the same rate, but once inside the T subsets migrated significantly faster than the B subsets. In the T subsets, both the T-helper and T-suppressor cells entered the gel at the same rate, but the former migrated significantly faster once inside the gel. The biological significance of their migrations is discussed.
Differential Functions of Interferon-Upregulated Sp100 Isoforms: Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Promoter-Based Immediate-Early Gene Suppression and PML Protection from ICP0-Mediated Degradation (2009)

Cells have intrinsic defenses against virus infection, acting before the innate or the adaptive immune response. Preexisting antiviral proteins such as PML, Daxx, and Sp100 are stored in specific nuclear domains (ND10). In herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), the immediate-early protein ICP0 serves as a counterdefense through degradation of the detrimental protein PML. We asked whether interferon (IFN)-upregulated Sp100 is similarly antagonized by ICP0 in normal human fibroblasts by using a selective-knockdown approach. We find that of the four Sp100 isoforms, the three containing a SAND domain block the transcription of HSV-1 proteins ICP0 and ICP4 at the promoter level and that IFN changes the differential splicing of the Sp100 transcript in favor of the inhibitor Sp100C. At the protein level, ICP0 activity does not lead to the hydrolysis of any of the Sp100 isoforms. The SAND domain-containing isoforms are not general inhibitors of viral promoters, as the activity of the major immediate-early cytomegalovirus promoter is not diminished, whereas the long terminal repeat of a retrovirus, like the ICP0 promoter, is strongly inhibited. Since we could not find a specific promoter region in the ICP0 gene that responds to the SAND domain-containing isoforms, we questioned whether Sp100 could act through other antiviral proteins such as PML. We find that all four Sp100 isoforms stabilize ND10 and protect PML from ICP0-based hydrolysis. Loss of either all PML isoforms or all Sp100 isoforms reduces the opposite constituent ND10 protein, suggesting that various interdependent mechanisms of ND10-based proteins inhibit virus infection at the immediate-early level.
Optimum design - Minimum weight versus fully stressed. (1966)

Lagrange multiplier matrix in minimum weight and fully stressed optimum structural design techniques
Identification of a uridine nucleotide-selective G-protein-linked receptor that activates phospholipase C. (1994)

Incubation of C6-2B rat glioma cells with UDP or UTP resulted in a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the accumulation of inositol phosphates. In contrast, ATP, ADP, and analogs of these nucleotides known to be effective agonists at P2U-, P2X-, P2Y-, P2T-, and P2Z-purinergic receptors all had no effect on inositol phosphate levels in C6-2B cells. Pyrimidine nucleotides stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation with an order of potency of UDP > 5-BrUTP > UTP > dTDP > UDP glucose. K0.5 values for UDP, 5-BrUTP, and UTP were 2.3 +/- 0.5, 9 +/- 3, and 57 +/- 10 microM, respectively. A similar uridine nucleotide selectivity was observed for arachidonic acid release presumably occurring as a consequence of activation of phospholipase A2. Cross-desensitization and additivity experiments indicated that UDP and UTP interact with the same population of receptors. The effect of uridine nucleotides on inositol phosphate accumulation was inhibited markedly by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. UDP also caused a guanine nucleotide-dependent increase in inositol lipid hydrolysis in streptolysin-O-permeabilized cells. Taken together these results describe the existence of a novel uridine nucleotide receptor that is not activated by adenine nucleotides. This receptor is pharmacologically distinct from the previously described P2U- and other P2-purinergic receptors, and likely is a member of a new class of receptors for extracellular nucleotides.
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebral lactate and other metabolites in stroke patients. (1992)

Long-term elevation of lactate commonly occurs after stroke. This lactate may arise from ongoing ischemia or infiltrating leukocytes, or it may be a residual of the lactate formed during the initial insult. The ability to observe stroke-elevated lactate pools at any time after lesion onset provides an approach to distinguishing among these possibilities in the future.
Comparison of relative susceptibilities of Candida species to three antifungal agents as determined by unstandardized methods (1987)

Three groups of isolates, each comprising four isolates of Candida species, were selected for their diversity of susceptibilities to amphotericin B, flucytosine, or ketoconazole. The isolates were distributed in duplicate and in blinded fashion to three laboratories where a total of eight procedures were performed for each drug. From the decoded results, intralaboratory variability among replicate determinations was found usually to fall within a fourfold range. Interlaboratory variation, however, was 16-fold or greater for all isolates, ranging to 50,000-fold differences for some isolates. Relative susceptibilities of isolates within each method could be determined in 11 of the 24 drug-method combinations and agreed with the reference rank order in all but one instance. Our findings underscore the lack of agreement among laboratories for the susceptibility testing of yeasts but indicate that such differences could likely be resolved by standardization without loss of clinical value.
Implementation driven selection of wavelet filters for still image coding based on bitrange expansion (1999)

The wavelet transform is a popular filter-based decomposition algorithm used in novel multimedia standards and applications. Due to its intrinsic use of filtering operations, the choice of an appropriate filter and the normalisation of its coefficients determines the number of bits needed to represent the transformed image. We show that depending on the normalisation of the filters, the wavelet coefficients either saturate or grow exponentially for successive transformation levels. A procedure to create images that excite worst case maxima in the transform domain is described. The bit-range expansion for natural images is computed and follows the trend of the worst case results.
Managing miscarriage medically. (1993)

12 Gutsche BB. Lumbar epidural analgesia in obstetrics: taps and patches. In: Reynolds F, ed.Epiduralandspinalblockadein obstetrics. London: Bailliere Tindall, 1990:95-106.13 WoolfCJ. Recentadvancesin thepathophysiologyofpain. Br7Anaesth 1989;63:139-46.14 Edelman JD, Wingard DW. Subdural hematomas after lumbar dural puncture. Anesthesiology
The genome sequence of the Champagne Epernay Geisenheim wine yeast reveals its hybrid nature (2023)

Lager yeasts are hybrids between Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. eubayanus. Wine yeast biodiversity, however, has only recently been discovered to include besides pure S. cerevisiae strains also hybrids between different Saccharomyces yeasts as well as introgressions from non-Saccharomyces species. Here, we analysed the genome of the Champagne Epernay Geisenheim (CEG) wine yeast. This yeast is an allotetraploid (4n - 1) hybrid of S. cerevisiae harbouring a substantially reduced S. kudriavzevii genome contributing only 1/3 of a full genome equivalent. We identified a novel oligopeptide transporter gene, FOT4, in CEG located on chromosome XVI. FOT genes were originally derived from Torulaspora microellipsoides and FOT4 arose by non-allelic recombination between adjacent FOT1 and FOT2 genes. Fermentations of CEG in Riesling and Müller-Thurgau musts were compared with the S. cerevisiae Geisenheim wine yeast GHM, which does not carry FOT genes. At low temperature (10°C), CEG completed fermentations faster and produced increased levels of higher alcohols (e.g. isoamyl alcohol). At higher temperature (18°C), CEG produced higher amounts of the pineapple-like alkyl esters i-butyric and propionic acid ethyl esters compared to GHM. The hybrid nature of CEG thus provides advantages in grape must fermentations over S. cerevisiae wine yeasts, especially with regard to aroma production.
Characterization of<scp>L</scp>-methionine in a peptide α-helix by far-infrared spectroscopy. Synthesis and examination of sequential polypeptides containing<scp>L</scp>-methionine (1984)

Sequential polypeptides containing L-methionine, viz.(Met-Ala-Ala)n, (Met-Met-Ala-Ala)n, (Met-Met-Ala)n, (Leu-Met-Leu)n, (Leu-Met-Met-Leu)n, and (Met-Met-Leu)n, were synthesized by polycondensation of peptide ONSu esters with corresponding sequences of amino acids; the ONSu esters were prepared stepwise by the method for peptide synthesis using Nps-amino acids and dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide. α-Helical samples of all the polypeptides showed a common far-i.r. band at 409 cm–1, the strength of which changed with the proportion of L-methionine residue in the polypeptides. Thus, this band was assigned to L-methionine in an α-helical polypeptide.
Multiscale modeling of mucosal immune responses (2015)

We used ENISI MSM for developing predictive multiscale models of the mucosal immune system during gut inflammation. Our modeling predictions dissect the mechanisms by which effector CD4+ T cell responses contribute to tissue damage in the gut mucosa following immune dysregulation.Computational modeling techniques are playing increasingly important roles in advancing a systems-level mechanistic understanding of biological processes. Computer simulations guide and underpin experimental and clinical efforts. This study presents ENteric Immune Simulator (ENISI), a multiscale modeling tool for modeling the mucosal immune responses. ENISI's modeling environment can simulate in silico experiments from molecular signaling pathways to tissue level events such as tissue lesion formation. ENISI's architecture integrates multiple modeling technologies including ABM (agent-based modeling), ODE (ordinary differential equations), SDE (stochastic modeling equations), and PDE (partial differential equations). This paper focuses on the implementation and developmental challenges of ENISI. A multiscale model of mucosal immune responses during colonic inflammation, including CD4+ T cell differentiation and tissue level cell-cell interactions was developed to illustrate the capabilities, power and scope of ENISI MSM.
Fiber-optic dosimeter based on radiation-induced attenuation in P-doped fiber: suppression of post-irradiation fading by using two working wavelengths in visible range (2014)

The design of a fiber-optic dosimeter, which determines the radiation dose from the difference of radiation-induced attenuation (RIA) Δα measured in a P-doped silica fiber at λ = 413 and 470 nm, is presented along with its first test results under gamma-radiation (dose rates 0.00064 and 0.0066 Gy/s, maximal dose ~2Gy). The dose-dependence of Δα as well as of RIA at individual wavelengths is found to be well described by a power law, the exponent lying in the range 0.90-0.94. In contrast to RIA at individual wavelengths, Δα is found not to depend on dose rate and to decay only slightly on termination of irradiation. Therefore, using Δα for dosimetry is argued to be more promising.
Osiris (2017)

Some industrial systems are difficult to formally verify due to their large scale. In particular, the widespread use of lookup tables in embedded systems across diverse industries, such as aeronautics and automotive systems, create a critical obstacle to the scalability of formal verification. This paper presents Osiris, a tool that automatically computes abstractions of lookup tables. Osiris uses these abstractions to verify a property in first order logic. If the verification fails, Osiris uses a falsification heuristic to search for a violation of the specification. We validate our technique on a public benchmark of an adaptive cruise controller with lookup tables.
Comparison of single and joint effects of Zn and Cu in continuous flow and batch reactors (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Microbial behavior in batch reactors may be different from that in continuous flow reactors, which is expected to affect microbial response to heavy metal exposure. Four parallel continuous flow reactors and batch growth tests were used to investigate the single and joint toxicity of Zn and Cu to Artrobacter sp. JM018. RESULTS: The results indicated that Cu is more toxic than Zn under all conditions. In the batch reactors, all Zn concentrations showed a stimulatory effect on microbial growth. However in the continuous system, 125 µmol L −1 Zn exposure produced inhibition. In the case of mixed Zn and Cu exposures in the batch system, the presence of Zn reduced the severity of Cu inhibition, with a net impact of reduced growth in all cases, whereas in the continuous system microbial growth and substrate utilization rates sharply decreased and ceased. CONCLUSION: The results clearly showed that growth in batch reactors underestimated significantly the heavy metal inhibition, compared with the continuous system. Therefore, the results of batch reactor tests should not be used directly when heavy metal inhibition is to be interpreted for continuous flow systems. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Adsorption and Physical Property Methods (1958)

The analysis of the viscous fractions of petroleum by physical property correlations, and other short cut methods, is a very fascinating one. This approach is very different from the complete separation used by API Research Project 6 (19). The American Petroleum Inst. project gives us basic information which can be used to check the rapid correlative methods. This paper briefly reviews the available rapid correlative methods for obtaining the composition of petroleum oils and provides a comparison showing how these methods work out when used on a group of 44 oils for which thorough analyses are available. These thorough analyses involve separation of the oil into its aromatic and saturated components by adsorption, and application of well-established correlations to the determination of the composition of the fractions. In recent years there has been a rapid increase in the use of carbon-type composition to describe the average composition of lubricating oil (8, 18). Carbon-type analysis reports the percentage of the total number of carbon atoms that occur in aromatic rings, per cent CA, naphthene rings, per cent CN, and paraffin chains, both free and combined, per cent CP. For example, Fig. 1 shows what may be considered a typical saturated lubricating oil molecule. It contains 31 carbon atoms, 13 of which are in naphthene rings. Therefore, per cent CN equals 42. It contains 18 carbons in paraffin chain structures. Therefore, per cent CP equals 58. Figure 2 shows a typical aromatic molecule which contains a total of 31 carbon atoms, including three aromatic rings and two naphthene rings. There are 14 carbons in aromatic structures; per cent CA therefore equals 45. There are 7 carbons in naphthene structures; per cent CN therefore equals 23. There are 10 carbons in paraffin chain structures; per cent CP therefore equals 32.