gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron microscopic investigations of cross sections of optical thin films (1976)

In this paper results are given of an electron optical investigation of the cross section of optical single films and multilayers obtained by fracture. Direct observation techniques with scanning microscopy and the surface replica technique with transmission microscopy were used. Scanning microscopy is simple in sample preparation but has relatively low resolution. The highest resolution of microstructural details can be obtained only with the replica technique in the transmission microscope. Photographs of ZnS-, MgF(2)-, ThF(4)-, TiO(2), and SiO(2)-films mainly in the form of multilayers and of a cermet-type sun protection film are shown. Some optical film properties, such as refractive index and light scattering, are strongly influenced by film microstructure.
A DNA Vaccine Against Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (2002)

A DNA vaccine against infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was the first DNA vaccine developed for use in salmonid fish. Protective immunogenicity was only observed with the glycoprotein (G) gene in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss using the DNA vaccine technology. A similar significant level of protection was also observed in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar vaccinated with a naked plasmid encoding the G protein and assessed for protection by immersion and cohabitation IHNV challenges. In both studies vaccinated fish seroconverted and this sera was shown to be protective after passive transfer and subsequent challenge with IHNV. Vaccine doses as low as 1-10 ng provided significant protection to rainbow trout fry (mean weight, 0.8-1.8g) and an optimal dose of 0.1 μg was selected. Rainbow trout immunized with this dose were shown to significantly protected against a broad range of viral strains from different geographic locations and host species. Although intramuscular injection is the principle mode of vaccination, gene gun immunization induced protective immunity in fry, while intraperitoneal injection provided partial protection. This vaccine was also shown to provide significant protection as soon as 4 days after intramuscular vaccination and provided a significant level of crossprotection against another fish rhabdovirus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus, for a transient period of time.
Restricted utilization of V<sub>H</sub> and D<sub>H</sub> genes in leukemic rabbit B cells (1990)

Polyclonal B cell leukemias have been generated in 17- to 20-day old Emu-myc transgenic rabbits. To analyze the repertoire of VH genes utilized in early B cells, eight VDJ genes were cloned from these leukemic cells. The nucleotide sequences of these genes indicated that seven of the eight VDJ genes encoded prototype VHa1, VHa2 or VHa3 allotypes. The two VDJ genes encoding VHa1 molecules had VH segments with identical nucleotide sequences; similarly, the VH segments of the four VDJ genes encoding VHa2 molecules were identical, with the exception of a single base pair. These data suggest that a limited repertoire of VH genes were utilized in the generation of these VDJ genes. The DH segments of these genes were limited to two DH families, D1 and D2, indicating that a restricted repertoire of DH genes also had been utilized. Since these leukemic cells probably developed early in ontogeny, we suggest that this restricted utilization of VH and DH genes is representative of B cells from developmentally immature rabbits.
Rare Earth/Transition Metal Oxides for Syngas Tar Reforming: A Model Compound Study (2018)

A major problem in biomass or coal gasification is removal of syngas byproducts such as H2S, NH3, and tars (heavy hydrocarbons) that cause catalyst deactivation and clogging problems downstream. Rare earth oxides (REOs) doped with transition metals (TMs) are promising catalysts for tar reforming. With propane as a model compound, we compared such catalysts to a typical supported Ni catalyst, and also to recent density functional theory (DFT) results modeling these systems. The REO/TM catalysts are active over the range 920–1000 K, with no significant deactivation in non-sulfur containing feeds. In particular, a Mn/CeO2 catalyst showed good reforming activity with low carbon, CO2, and CH4 yields. This catalyst also maintained some activity in the presence of 40 ppm H2S. Kinetics calculations showed that most such catalysts have near zero order kinetics with respect to water, making them usable with a variety of gasifier effluents. Characterization of used catalysts by multiple techniques suggests that the metal-doped REOs do not undergo much (if any) phase separation in extended use under tar reforming conditions, with Mn- and La-doped CeO2 being especially stable.
Some issues in parsing and natural language understanding (1981)

Language is a system for encoding and transmitting ideas. A theory that seeks to explain linguistic phenomena in terms of this fact is a <u>functional</u> theory. One that does not misses the point. [10]
Content Replication in Mobile Networks (2012)

Performance and reliability of content access in mobile networks is conditioned by the number and location of content replicas deployed at the network nodes. In this work, we design a practical, distributed solution to content replication that is suitable for dynamic environments and achieves load balancing. Simulation results show that our mechanism, which uses local measurements only, approximates well an optimal solution while being robust against network and demand dynamics. Also, our scheme outperforms alternative approaches in terms of both content access delay and access congestion.
A Program To Obtain Reliable Photoabsorption Cross Sections (1988)

A program to obtain reliable photoabsorption cross sections for a broad range of elements has been initiated at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Using well-characterized samples, absolute measurements have been made with overall uncertainties of ±10% or less over energy ranges from about 50 eV to several keV, at several synchrotron radiation facilities. More than a dozen elements have been investigated and other measurements are being planned for elements beryllium (Z=4) through uranium (Z=92). Among the interesting phenomena observed are the resonances/enhancements which seem to accompany virtually every inner shell threshold. Specific examples discussed in this paper include carbon, nickel and uranium. Comparison with theory and existing data compilations/data bases indicate the need for substantial theoretical and compilation improvements.
2SrO · 3Al2 O 3 : Eu2 +  and 1.29 ( Ba , Ca )  O  , 6Al2 O 3 : Eu2 +  : Two New Blue‐Emitting Phosphors (1989)

In the system a new compound was discovered with composition (SAL); its structure is related to the one of (SAE). The aluminate (BAL) belongs to the β‐alumina type compounds and is closely related to (BAM). The compounds SAL and BAL are good host lattices for highly efficient Eu2+ luminescence. The europium emission peaks at 460 nm in SAL and at 440 nm in BAL. Both phosphors show a high output and good maintenance in low pressure Hg discharge lamps and are ideally suited for use in tricolor lamps.
The Effect of Coating Composition on the Friction Induced Paint Damageability of Painted Thermoplastic Olefins (TPOs) (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Damage to painted automotive plastics induced by Hertzian contact stresses continues to plague the material engineer involved in the design and selection of fascias, bumpers, body-side moldings, and the like. Studies conducted to determine the root cause of such failures have focused on the effects of paint and the role of friction in the compressive, tensile and shear failure of painted thermoplastic olefins (TPOs). The study described herein probes the effects of paint type on the compressive, tensile and shear damage resistance of painted TPO substrates. Coating variations, e.g., adhesion promoter and topcoat type, and their effect on damage type and damage sensitivity will be described. The apparatus utilized to impart the damage, <i>SLIDO</i>, and the variables studied affecting the damage, e.g., acceleration, velocity, temperature, and loading pressure, are also discussed.</div>
Wavelength-switchable fiber ring laser (2005)

A novel wavelength-switchable fiber ring laser with output selectable from one of 35 different wavelengths is reported. Wavelength variation of /spl sim/5 pm and power fluctuation of /spl sim/0.12 dB, were observed during a 2-hour stability test.
Transfer Learning for Predicting Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type based on 3D-Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

Abstract Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type (DAT) is associated with a devastating and irreversible cognitive decline. As a pharmacological intervention has not yet been developed to reverse disease progression, preventive medicine will play a crucial role for patient care and treatment planning. However, predicting which patients will progress to DAT is difficult as patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) could either convert to DAT (MCI-C) or not (MCI-NC). In this paper, we develop a deep learning model to address the heterogeneous nature of DAT development. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was utilized as a single biomarker, and a three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) was developed. The 3D-CNN was trained using transfer learning from the classification of Normal Control and DAT scans at the source task. This was applied to the target task of classifying MCI-C and MCI-NC scans. The model results in 82.4% classification accuracy, which outperforms current models in the field. Furthermore, by implementing an occlusion map approach, we visualize key brain regions that significantly contribute to the prediction of MCI-C and MCI-NC. Results show the hippocampus, amygdala, cerebellum, and pons regions as significant to prediction, which are consistent with current understanding of disease. Finally, the model’s prediction value is significantly correlated with rates of change in clinical assessment scores, indicating the model is able to predict an individual patient’s future cognitive decline. This information, in conjunction with the identified anatomical features, will aid in building a personalized therapeutic strategy for individuals with MCI. This model could also be useful for selection of participants for clinical trials.
Irregular LDPC codes as concatenation of regular LDPC codes (2005)

In this letter, the construction of irregular LDPC codes obtained by concatenating regular ones is considered. These codes are analyzed for the binary symmetric channel (BSC). It is shown via proper distribution evolution that such concatenated codes have in general a threshold value weaker (but not necessarily much different) than their unconstrained counterparts for the BSC. On the other hand, they can offer advantages in term of convergence and error performance for lengths of practical interest and long enough to validate the degree distribution selection.
Proteinaceous (angiocentric sclerosing) lymphadenopathy: a polyclonal systemic, nonamyloid deposition disorder (1995)

Proteinaceous lymphadenopathy with hypergammaglobulinemia (PLWH) is an exceedingly rare disease of unknown etiology. Described primarily as a pathologic entity, relatively little is known about its clinical manifestations or its response to therapy. The disease is often referred to and treated as an unusual form of plasma cell dyscrasia or light chain deposition disease. We have recently encountered a young patient with PLWH who presented with generalized lymphadenopathy, marked liver function abnormalities, hypocomplementemia, cryoglobulinemia, decreased T4/T8 ratio, and ophthalmopathy. Contrary to the notion that PLWH is a clonal disorder, we found no evidence of clonality in this patient. The most characteristic finding in this and in another patient, previously seen at our institution, was marked angiocentric hyaline sclerosis of the small and mid-sized blood vessels of involved lymph nodes and organs. Based on these findings, we propose the term angiocentric sclerosing lymphadenopathy, which more accurately defines this clinicopathologic entity that appears to be distinct from light chain deposition disease and other plasma cell dyscrasias.
Electronic packaging reliability in automotive applications (2003)

The design methodology for reliable electronic packaging for automotive electronic applications is discussed. Sources of reliability problems are also discussed. Examples are given to illustrate the features of several key interconnects in hybrid, thick-film devices in which material selection and design are critical. Some examples of reliable design models are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrolytic Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics and Its Relation to the Electronic and Adsorptive Properties of the Metal (1957)

A significant correlation between the logarithm of the exchange current density i0 of the electrolytic hydrogen evolution reaction and the electronic work function φ is found for one group of metals. Another group of metals probably having a different relationship is distinguished. The relationship between logi0 and φ is explained as arising from the dependence of heat of adsorption upon φ. The bond strength DMH of the adsorbed hydrogen calculated from Pauling's equation is less than the experimental value, owing to the neglect of the image potential of H at the metal, but parallels the experimental values. DMH is dependent on the work function since the parameters DMM (the metal-metal dissociation energy) and XM (the electronegativity of the metal) are statistically significant linear functions of φ. For the metals Ta, Mo, W, Cu, Ni, Fe, Rh, Pd, and Pt (at high current densities) logi0 increases as the heat of adsorption of H decreases. The heats of adsorption of H at Hg, Cd, Pb and Tl are low compared with the values for other metals having respectively similar work functions and the distinct relation, having a different direction, between logi0 and φ for these metals is explained. Logi0 increases linearly with increase of d character for the metals Mo, W, Cu, Ni, Fe, Pd, and Rh. The correlation coefficient is 0.62. The relation to d character arises since the d character determines the heat of adsorption of H. The usually observed Tafel slope of 0.12 is consistent either with the rate determining reactionH3O·+e0−+M→MH+H2Oor H3O++MH+e0−→H2+M+H2O.If A is rate determining, i0 should increase with increase of the heat of adsorption of H; if B, the converse should occur. Hence, B is rate determining in acid solution for the metals, Cu, Ni, W, Mo, Ta, Fe, Pd, Rh, Pt (high current density) and A for the metals Hg, Tl, and Pb. The available stoichiometric number data support this conclusion, which implies that during steady evolution of hydrogen, a maximum coverage of the metal by adsorbed H occurs under the condition that the electrode is in contact with liquid water. A general theory of electrolytic reduction and electrode poisoning is given. A mathematical analysis of the dependence of the rate of the proton discharge reaction in terms of the heat of adsorption of H, MH bond force constants, and internuclear distance, is given.
Evaluation of accelerated H<sup>+</sup>applications in predicting soil chemical and microbial changes due to acid rain (1982)

Abstract A comparison was made between three acidified, simulated rain treatments which have been used to assess the impact of acid rain on soil chemical and microbial processes. There were significant differences in effects on chemical and microbial characteristics of soil exposed to the three treatments due to differences in the rate of H+ ion application, even though the total quantity of protons supplied was the same in each case. An input of 30 cm of simulated rain of pH 3.0 over 6 months increased microbial activity and caused only slight changes in soil pH and soil nitrogen status. Treatments in which the rate of H+ input was accelerated by increasing solution volume, or acidity, inhibited microbial activity and caused soil chemical changes in excess of those produced by the more gradual yet equivalent H+ loading. We conclude that the effects of short‐term, accelerated acid treatments cannot be used to realistically forecast long‐term impacts of acid rain. The results of such experiments may be useful in identifying processes or parameters for studies of longer duration.
Methods of InSAR atmosphere correction for volcano activity monitoring (2011)

When a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) signal propagates through the atmosphere on its path to and from the sensor, it is inevitably affected by atmospheric effects. In particular, the applicability and accuracy of Interferometric SAR (InSAR) techniques for volcano monitoring is limited by atmospheric path delays. Therefore, atmospheric correction of interferograms is required to improve the performance of InSAR for detecting volcanic activity, especially in order to advance its ability to detect subtle pre-eruptive changes in deformation dynamics. In this paper, we focus on InSAR tropospheric mitigation methods and their performance in volcano deformation monitoring. Our study areas include Okmok volcano and Unimak Island located in the eastern Aleutians, AK. We explore two methods to mitigate atmospheric artifacts, namely the numerical weather model simulation and the atmospheric filtering using Persistent Scatterer processing. We investigate the capability of the proposed methods, and investigate their limitations and advantages when applied to determine volcanic processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Some Pharmacological Properties of Indole and Benzofuran Derivatives Bearing an Imidazole Pharmacophore. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phosphorus Diffusion in Silicon Oxide and Oxynitride Gate Dielectrics (1999)

Evidence is presented that silicon oxynitride gate dielectrics suppress phosphorus diffusion, as compared to pure silicon dioxide dielectrics. Furthermore, the implantation of fluorine into the polycrystalline silicon gate enhances phosphorus diffusion. Both effects are similar to what has been observed with boron diffusion in silicon oxide and oxynitride. These results suggest a general model for diffusion in oxynitrides, in which network‐forming cations diffuse substitutionally for as , and the role of nitrogen is to block diffusion by impeding the rearrangement of tetrahedra. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Paxton Carnegie Library, 254 South Market Street, Paxton, Ford County, IL (1904)

STORED ON SITE. mchr
2012 Charles E. Peterson Prize, Entry
Significance: The Paxton Library is locally significant under Criterion A and C. It is significant for educational purposes in its role in providing library services to the citizens of Paxton. The building is also significant as a local architectural example of the Classic Revival/Beaus Arts style. In addition, it is an example of a Carnegie Library, meeting the criteria of the Library property type. The period of significance for the building is 1904, when it was built 
Unprocessed Field note material exists for this structure: N1830 
Survey number: HABS IL-329 
Building/structure dates: 1904 Initial Construction
Fuzzy information systems (2003)

The authors discuss the issue of uncertainty management in conceptual, logical, and navigational data models. Two different approaches to conceptual modeling are examined, the extended IFO model and the extended entity relationship model. These models can represent complex objects with uncertainty in the attribute values chiefly with their powerful abstraction mechanisms. The logical models, specifically the first normal form (1NF) model and the non-1NF data model, are also discussed in detail. The question of representing and manipulating impression in navigational models, i.e. network and object-oriented data models, is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silencing of invertedly repeated transgenes in Arabidopsis thaliana. (2001)

Locus KH15, containing two invertedly repeated beta-glucuronidase (gus) genes separated by a palindromic sequence showed low gus expression in both hemizygous and homozygous seedlings, in all plant tissues tested and throughout development assayed up to 70 days after sowing. Removal of one of the gus genes by Cre-mediated recombination resulted in a 10- to 100-fold increase of gus expression, confirming that inverted repeats and transgene silencing are strictly correlated. Crosses between the locus KH15 and highly expressing gus transformants further revealed that invertedly repeated gus genes could induce in trans silencing of gus copies at allelic and nonallelic positions. Double-stranded RNA produced by this KH15 may be responsible for this in trans inactivation.
Oil Spill Detection from Doppler Radar Imagery Using Artificial Neural Networks (1995)

This paper reports on results of an ongoing project investigating the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the classification/ cartography of sea clutter environments, and in particu ...
Downstream processing of Isochrysis galbana: a step towards microalgal biorefinery (2015)

An algae-based biorefinery relies on the efficient use of algae biomass through its fractionation in several valuable/bioactive compounds that can be used in industry.
MRI-guided Disruption of the Blood-brain Barrier using Transcranial Focused Ultrasound in a Rat Model (2012)

Focused ultrasound (FUS) disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an increasingly investigated technique for circumventing the BBB1-5. The BBB is a significant obstacle to pharmaceutical treatments of brain disorders as it limits the passage of molecules from the vasculature into the brain tissue to molecules less than approximately 500 Da in size6. FUS induced BBB disruption (BBBD) is temporary and reversible4 and has an advantage over chemical means of inducing BBBD by being highly localized. FUS induced BBBD provides a means for investigating the effects of a wide range of therapeutic agents on the brain, which would not otherwise be deliverable to the tissue in sufficient concentration. While a wide range of ultrasound parameters have proven successful at disrupting the BBB2,5,7, there are several critical steps in the experimental procedure to ensure successful disruption with accurate targeting. This protocol outlines how to achieve MRI-guided FUS induced BBBD in a rat model, with a focus on the critical animal preparation and microbubble handling steps of the experiment.
Frequency- and Wave-Vector-Dependent Dielectric Function for Silicon (1972)

The frequency- and wave-vector-dependent complex dielectric function $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{q}},\ensuremath{\omega})$ is calculated for silicon. The energy eigenvalues and eigenvectors which are used have been obtained from energy-band calculations based on the empirical pseudopotential method. Explicit results are given in the [100] direction in the range $0\ensuremath{\le}q\ensuremath{\le}(\frac{2\ensuremath{\pi}}{a})$ and $0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\le}24$ eV. A comparison is made between the present results and the results of a calculation of $\ensuremath{\epsilon}(q,\ensuremath{\omega})$ for a free-electron gas in the random-phase approximation.