gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-(2-Oxo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-1-benzofuran-2-carbonitrile (2012)

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(13)H(9)NO(3), consists of two crystallographically independent mol-ecules. In each mol-ecule, the tetra-hydro-furan (THF) ring adopts an envelope conformation with one of the methyl-ene C atoms positioned at the flap. The dihedral angles between the mean plane of the THF and the benzofuran ring system are 70.85 (5) and 89.59 (6)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are stacked in a column along the a-axis direction through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, with columns further linked by C-H⋯N and C-H⋯O inter-actions.
A genetic storage disorder in BALB/C mice with a metabolic block in esterification of exogenous cholesterol. (1984)

Cholesterol metabolism has been investigated in a strain of BALB/C mice that carry an autosomal recessive mutation associated with decreased sphingomyelinase and glucocerebrosidase activity and storage of sphingomyelin and glucocerebroside as well as cholesterol in lysosomes (Pentchev, P. G., Gal, A. E., Boothe, A. D., Omodeo-Sale, F., Fouks, J., Neumeyer, B. A., Quirk, J. M., Dawson, G., and Brady, R. O. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 619, 669-679). When affected animals are placed on a diet high in cholesterol, they develop hepatomegaly associated with an extensive accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in the liver. Cultured skin fibroblasts derived from these mice also manifest a defect in cholesterol esterification although the uptake and intracellular location of exogenous cholesterol is comparable to that of controls. Microsomal fatty acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase activity was normal or elevated in extracts of tissues from the affected animals. Furthermore, the subcellular distribution and membrane orientation of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase appeared normal in microsomal preparations isolated from affected mice. The blockage of esterification of exogenous cholesterol in the presence of normal transferase activity is suggestive of a defect in a component involved in the intracellular disposition of this sterol. The attenuation in tissue levels of sphingomyelinase and glucocerebrosidase and the accumulation of sphingolipids may reflect alterations in lysosomal function resulting from an imbalance of unesterified cholesterol in these organelles.
Surface structure analysis of atomically smooth<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Bi</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Films (2007)

Using low-energy time-of-flight scattering and recoil spectroscopy (TOFSARS) and mass spectroscopy of recoiled ions (MSRI) we analyze the surface structure of an atomically smooth $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Bi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ film grown by molecular beam epitaxy. We demonstrate high sensitivity of the TOFSARS and MSRI spectra to slight changes in the orientation of the ion scattering plane with respect to the crystallographic axes. The observed angle dependence allows us to clearly identify the termination layer as $\mathrm{Bi}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$. Our data also indicate that angle-resolved MSRI data can be used for high-resolution studies of the surface structure of complex oxide thin films.
Tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran-O)calcium-bis[pentacarbonyl(cyano)chromat(0)], -molybdat(0)] und -wolframat(0)] (1999)

Die Reaktion von (THF)2Ca[N(SiMe3)2]2 mit Hexacarbonylchrom, -molybdän und -wolfram führt unter Eliminierung von Hexamethyldisiloxan zur Bildung von Tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran-O)calcium-bis[pentacarbonyl(cyano)- chromat(0)] (1), -molybdat(0)] (2) bzw. -wolframat(0)] (3). Während 1 in der zentrosymmetrischen triklinen Raumgruppe P 1 kristallisiert, findet man für die isotypen Verbindungen 2 und 3 die monokline Raumgruppe P21/n. Bei allen Verbindungen koordiniert das Calciumatom an das Stickstoffatom des Cyano-Liganden, und man beobachtet gewinkelte Ca–N–C-Fragmente mit Werten von 158,3° (1), 161,2° (2) und 161,3° (3). Tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran-O)calcium bis[pentacarbonyl(cyano)chromate(0)], -molybdate(0)], and -tungstate(0)] The reaction of (THF)2Ca[N(SiMe3)2]2 with hexacarbonylchromium, -molybdenum, and -tungsten yields hexamethyldisiloxane and tetrakis(tetrahydrofuran-O)calcium bis[pentacarbonyl(cyano)chromate(0)] (1), -molybdate(0)] (2), and -tungstate(0)] (3), respectively. Compound 1 crystallizes in the centrosymmetric space group P 1, whereas the other two complexes 2 and 3 are isotypic (monoclinic, P21/n). In all these compounds the calcium atom is bonded to the nitrogen atoms of the cyano ligands and bent Ca–N–C fragments with angles of 158,3° (1), 161,2° (2), and 161,3° (3) are observed.
Effects of Blade Count on Linearized and Nonlinear Hot Streak Clocking Simulations (2002)

The temperature e eld exiting gas turbine combustors is highly nonuniform due to streaks of hot e uid directly downstream of combustor fuel nozzles. These hot streaks have been shown to limit the life of turbine blades. Adjusting the positions of hot streaks with respect to nozzle guide vanes, known as hot streak clocking, can be used to help control blade temperatures in gas turbines. Because hot streak clocking predictions require unsteady, three-dimensional simulations, they are very expensive, and various techniques are used to reduce their cost. Two of these techiques are examined, linearized Navier ‐Stokes solvers and reduced-blade-count simulations. Hot streak clocking simulations have been performed using nonlinear and linearized Navier ‐Stokes solvers for 1 ‐1‐1 and 3‐4‐3 blade-count (blades per row ) cone gurations. The blade-count effects were examined for each solution technique, and the two solution techniques were compared. It is shown that the linearized technique can be used to capture qualitatively hot streak clocking effects. It is also shown that the reduced-blade-count approximation has a signie cant impact on predicted surface temperatures.
Correcting recognition errors via discriminative utterance verification (2002)

Utterance verification (UV) is a process by which the output of a speech recognizer is verified to determine if the input speech actually includes the recognized keyword(s). The output of the speech verifier is a binary decision to accept or reject the recognized utterance based on a UV confidence score. In this paper, we extend the notion of utterance verification to not only detect errors but also to selectively correct them. We perform error correction by flipping the hypotheses produced by an N-best recognizer in cases when the top candidate has a UV confidence score that is lower than that of the next candidate. We propose two measures for computing confidence scores and investigate the use of a hybrid confidence measure that combines the two measures into a single score. Using this hybrid confidence measure and an N-best algorithm, we obtained an 11% improvement in word-error rate on a connected digit recognition task. This improvement was achieved while still maintaining reliable detection of non-keyword speech and misrecognitions.
Immediate cell signal by bone-related peptides in human osteoclast-like cells (1993)

We tested whether recognition of bone-related peptides regulates intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of giant cell tumor of bone (GCT). [Ca2+]i was measured in single cells by fura 2 fluorometry. GCT cells were sensitive to bone sialoprotein-II (BSP-II), osteopontin (OPN), and related fragments. Responses consisted of a prompt increase of [Ca2+]i, mostly transient, with a peak followed by a rapid return toward baseline. Responses were not mimicked by bovine plasma fibronectin. Sensitivity of GCT cells to bone peptides was specific, since BALB/3T3 fibroblasts and U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cells with monocytic phenotype failed to respond to BSP-II and OPN fragments. GRGDSP synthetic esapeptide, carrying the Arg-Gly-Asp adhesive motif, and GRGESP (Asp replaced by Glu), but not the GRADSP (Gly replaced by Ala), were active in inducing [Ca2+]i transients as well. Responses were observed also in cells treated with the BSP-II 1C fragment, lacking any known adhesive sequence, indicating that the active peptides inducing [Ca2+]i increments may be multiple. Sensitivity to extracellular matrix peptides was present in a variable fraction of the cells and was downregulated on long-term culture. The mechanism inducing [Ca2+]i elevations was mostly related to Ca2+ release from thapsigargin-sensitive intracellular pools.
Molecular-beam growth of homoepitaxial InSb photovoltaic detectors (1988)

Molecular-beam epitaxy has been used for the first time to fabricate np junctions in InSb grown onto p-type InSb (100) substrates. Diodes formed by the epitaxial growth of a silicon-doped layer on undoped homoepitaxial material exhibited a bulk generation-recombination-limited R0A value of 105 Ωcm2 and D*λpk of 3 × 1012 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at liquid nitrogen temperature.
Two-Dimensional Networks of Lanthanide Cubane-Shaped Dumbbells (2009)

The syntheses, structures, and magnetic properties are reported for three new lanthanide complexes, [Ln(III)(4)(mu(3)-OH)(2)(mu(3)-O)(2)(cpt)(6)(MeOH)(6)(H(2)O)](2) (Ln = Dy (1.15MeOH), Ho (2.14MeOH), and Tb (3.18MeOH)), based on 4-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole ligand (Hcpt). The three complexes were confirmed to be isomorphous by infrared spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of 1 reveals that the eight-coordinate metal centers are organized in two cubane-shaped moieties composed of four Dy(III) ions each. All metal centers in the cubane core are bridged by two mu(3)-oxide and two mu(3)-hydroxide asymmetrical units. Moreover, each cubane is linked to its neighbor by two externally coordinating ligands, forming the dumbbell {Dy(III)(4)}(2) moiety. Electrostatic interactions between the ligands of the triazole-bridged dimers form an extended supramolecular two-dimensional arrangement analogous to a metal-organic framework with quadrilateral spaces occupied by ligands from axial sheets and by four solvent molecules. The magnetic properties of the three compounds have been investigated using dc and ac susceptibility measurements. For 1, the static and dynamic data corroborate the fact that the {Dy(III)(4)} cubane-shaped core exhibits slow relaxation of its magnetization below 5 K associated with a single-molecule magnet behavior.
Shared Actions of Endotoxin and Taxol on TNF Receptors and TNF release (1990)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exerts profound effects on mammalian hosts in part by inducing macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha); the mechanisms involved are unresolved. The microtubule stabilizer taxol shared two actions of LPS on macrophages: it rapidly decreased TNF-alpha receptors and triggered TNF-alpha release. Both actions of taxol were absent in LPS-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice. In recombinant inbred mice, the genes controlling responses to LPS and to taxol were closely linked. Dexamethasone blocked release of TNF-alpha by both stimuli but did not block the decrease in TNF-alpha receptors. Thus, a protein associated with microtubules may be a cellular target of LPS.
Cerium(III)-Catalyzed Addition of Diethylzinc to Carbonyl Compounds (2002)

CeCl3 catalyzes the addition of Et2Zn to a variety of alipahtic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones in THF in the presence of TMSCl as a scavenger. Optimization of the applied solvent allowed to avoid the TMSCl mediated addition using CeCl3·(THF)2 or Ce(i-PrO)3 as catalysts. This represents the first application of lanthanide compounds for the addition of Et2Zn to carbonyl compounds.
Differential Subcellular Distribution of Bioactive Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Pseudopregnant Rat Ovary* (1986)

The subcellular metabolism of internalized hCG was examined by monitoring the distribution of bioactive and immunoreactive hCG in subcellular fractions of pseudopregnant rat ovaries. Homogenates of ovaries from rats injected with 1.0 microgram (12.8 IU; bioassay) hCG were fractionated on self-generating Percoll gradients into three hCG-containing compartments: soluble proteins (cytosolic fraction), a combined plasma membrane/prelysosomal vesicle fraction, and lysosomes. The hCG level in each fraction was measured by RIA and in vitro bioassay. When necessary, receptor-bound hCG was dissociated at low pH before assay. Levels of cytosolic hCG were highest 1-3 h after injection, attaining peak immunoreactive concentrations of 18 ng/ovarian pair. Cytosolic hormone was not primarily derived from nonspecific trapping of serum or interstitial fluid, because after 1.0 microgram [125I]iodobovine gamma-globulin was injected into rats, cytosolic globulin levels (nanograms per ovarian pair) were approximately 7-10 times lower than those of hCG. Cytosolic hCG retained significant bioactivity for at least 10 h after hCG stimulation. Peak immunoreactive hCG levels associated with the plasma membrane/prelysosomal fraction were 82 ng/ovarian pair between 3 and 6 h after hCG injection, and hormone associated with that fraction retained the highest bioactivity of the three fractions examined. Peak lysosomal hCG levels reached 55 ng/ovarian pair 10 and 14 h after hCG stimulation, but lysosomal hCG was not bioactive. These results suggest that the lysosomal compartment is a major pathway for hCG inactivation. A nonlysosomal pathway for hCG inactivation may exist, because the cytosolic compartment contained partially inactivated hormone that did not appear to be of lysosomal origin. Cytosolic hCG may reflect hormone delivered to the cell cytoplasm or to the extracellular fluid that is either modified within prelysosomal vesicles or is degraded subsequently by nonlysosomal proteases.
Success of an International Learning Health Care System in Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: The American Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation Clinical Case Forum (2020)

The ASBMT Clinical Case Forum (CCF) was launched in 2014 as an online secure tool to enhance interaction and communication among hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) professionals worldwide through the discussion of challenging clinical care issues. After 14 months, we reviewed clinical and demographical data on cases posted in the CCF from 1/29/2014 to 3/18/2015. A total of 137 cases were posted during the study period. Ninety-two cases (67%) were allogeneic HCT, 29 (21%) autologous HCT and in 16 (12%) the type of transplant (auto vs. allo) was still under consideration. The diseases most frequently discussed included non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 30, 22%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 23, 17%) and multiple myeloma (MM; n = 20, 15%). When compared with the US transplant activity reported by the US Department of Health and Human Services, NHL and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases were overrepresented in the CCF while myeloma was underrepresented (P < 0.001). A total of 259 topics were addressed in the CCF with a median of two topics/case (range 1-6). Particularly common topics included whether transplant was indicated (n = 57, 41%), conditioning regimen choice (n = 44, 32%), and post-HCT complications after day 100 (n = 43, 31%). The ASBMT CCF is a successful tool for collaborative discussion of complex cases in the HCT community worldwide and may allow identification of areas of controversy or unmet need from clinical, educational and research perspectives.
Electric Propulsion Naval Ships with Energy Storage Modules through AFE Converters (2014)

This paper proposes a novel electric propulsion system for naval ships, which consists of Active Front End (AFE) converters directly connected to battery Energy Storage Modules (ESMs). Employing the proposed AFE converters with ESMs in the power systems of naval ships can enhance the reliability and quality of the electric power. Furthermore, the fuel-efficiency of the generator can be improved by a higher loading factor of the generator and its prime movers. The proposed AFE configuration does not require an additional dedicated DC/AC converter for the ESMs. Instead of that, the AFE converter itself can control the DC link voltage and the discharging and/or charging of the ESMs. A control scheme to achieve these control objectives is also presented in this paper. The overall power system, including the generators and electrical loads of a naval ship, is implemented by a small scaled Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) simulator. Through this experimental setup, the proposed system configuration and the power control strategies are verified. It is shown that the fuel-efficiency and transient dynamics can be improved in the normal and contingency operation modes.
Blocking 17β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in endometrial cancer: a potential novel endocrine therapeutic approach (2017)

The enzyme type 1 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD-1), responsible for generating active 17β-estradiol (E2) from low-active estrone (E1), is overexpressed in endometrial cancer (EC), thus implicating an increased intra-tissue generation of E2 in this estrogen-dependent condition. In this study, we explored the possibility of inhibiting 17β-HSD-1 and impairing the generation of E2 from E1 in EC using in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo models. We generated EC cell lines derived from the well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma Ishikawa cell line and expressing levels of 17β-HSD-1 similar to human tissues. In these cells, HPLC analysis showed that 17β-HSD-1 activity could be blocked by a specific 17β-HSD-1 inhibitor. In vitro, E1 administration elicited colony formation similar to E2, and this was impaired by 17β-HSD-1 inhibition. In vivo, tumors grafted on the chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) demonstrated that E1 upregulated the expression of the estrogen responsive cyclin A similar to E2, which was impaired by 17β-HSD-1 inhibition. Neither in vitro nor in vivo effects of E1 were observed using 17β-HSD-1-negative cells (negative control). Using a patient cohort of 52 primary ECs, we demonstrated the presence of 17β-HSD-1 enzyme activity (ex vivo in tumor tissues, as measured by HPLC), which was inhibited by over 90% in more than 45% of ECs using the 17β-HSD-1 inhibitor. Since drug treatment is generally indicated for metastatic/recurrent and not primary tumor, we next demonstrated the mRNA expression of the potential drug target, 17β-HSD-1, in metastatic lesions using a second cohort of 37 EC patients. In conclusion, 17β-HSD-1 inhibition efficiently blocks the generation of E2 from E1 using various EC models. Further preclinical investigations and 17β-HSD-1 inhibitor development to make candidate compounds suitable for the first human studies are awaited. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autocatalytic effect of amine-terminated precursors in mixed self-assembled monolayers (2012)

We investigated the formation of mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), comprising two silanes terminated with an amine and a non-reactive functional group, to demonstrate the autocatalysis of the mixed SAMs by the amine-terminated precursors. Measurements of surface energy and angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy on the mixed SAMs revealed that the final composition and the surface coverage of the mixed SAMs after deposition strongly depended on the presence and the concentration of the aminesilane precursor in solution. To explain the observed dependence, we further suggested a mechanism based on the autocatalytic effect of the aminesilane precursor on the mixed SAM. These results highlight the complex role of the aminesilane, which behaves simultaneously as a component of the mixed SAM and a catalyst. An important implication of this is that the compositions of mixed SAMs can be significantly influenced by the autocatalytic effect of the component carrying a reactive functional group such as amine.
X-Ray Diffraction data from protein, source of 6NMW structure (2019)

Complete data set from a single crystal for Lyn kinase SH3 domain
Curie temperature of ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)N epitaxial films (2004)

Abstract Electron‐mediated ferromagnetism persisting to room temperature has been investigated in epitaxial (Ga,Mn)N films with low Mn concentration grown by plasma‐enhanced molecular beam epitaxy (PEMBE).The experimental value of T C (∼325 K) in the (Ga,Mn)N film with x = 0.3% from the difference (Δ M ) between field‐cooled (FC) and zero field‐cooled (ZFC) magnetization curves is found to be lower than the estimated value of T C (∼407 K), obtained by the mean field approximations. The extra‐ordinary Hall effect in the epitaxial (Ga,Mn)N film with x = 0.2% is found to appear in the temperature range 100 K–300 K. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thirteen‐year, long‐term efficacy of interferon 2α and interleukin 2‐based home therapy in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (2002)

The current data suggest that combined outpatient sc IFN-alpha and sc IL-2, according to the Atzpodien regimen, achieves long-term survival benefits in a subset of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma, both with and without 13-cis-retinoic acid and/or 5-fluorouracil.
Uptake of glucose carbon in muscle glycogen and adipose tissue triglycerides in vivo in humans (1992)

Glucose disposal into muscle glycogen has previously been directly studied after intravenous, but not after physiological, oral administration. In this study 100 g glucose, containing 50 microCi [U-14C]glucose, were taken orally by premenopausal women in the overnight fasting state or after a carbohydrate-rich meal. After 4 h, biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle and abdominal and femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue for determinations of label in isolated glycogen and triglycerides, respectively. Uptake of administered glucose carbon in muscle glycogen was estimated to be approximately 20 g in the fasting and approximately 9 g in the carbohydrate-fed groups, respectively. Total uptake in adipose tissue triglycerides was approximately 2 g. Glucose carbon uptake in muscle glycogen correlated positively with glucose infusion rates during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamps, glycogen synthase activity in vitro, and type I muscle fiber distribution and fiber area. Negative correlations were found between glucose uptake in adipose tissue triglycerides, type II fiber distribution and fiber area, as well as the waist-to-hip circumference ratio and degree of obesity. It was concluded that muscle glycogen is probably not a major pathway for disposal of oral glucose carbon in the sedentary condition.