gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interlocked and Interdigitated Architectures from Self‐Assembly of Long Flexible Ligands and Cadmium Salts (2004)

Noninterpenetrating structures are formed by self-assembly of cadmium salts and long flexible ligands. In one case exceptional ninefold interlocked homochiral helices are built from achiral components (see picture). The helices are chemically independent but physically interwoven. This represents the highest degree of entanglement presently known for a noninterpenetrating system. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460758_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
NISLVMP: Improved Virtual Machine-Based Software Protection (2013)

The VM (Virtual Machine)-based software protection technique provides an effective solution to protect software, making it extremely difficult to analyze and crack. This technique has become the research focus of software protection. In this paper, we introduce the general design ideas of this technique. However, there exist some vulnerabilities in the design. We introduce these vulnerabilities in detail and come up with some improvements to mitigate them. We design and develop a VM-based protection system, named NISLVMP, and carry out some experiments with it. The results show that the improvements are effective.
Strategies for analyzing bisulfite sequencing data (2017)

DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic modifications in the eukaryotic genome; it has been shown to play a role in cell-type specific regulation of gene expression, and therefore cell-type identity. Bisulfite sequencing is the gold-standard for measuring methylation over the genomes of interest. Here, we review several techniques used for the analysis of high-throughput bisulfite sequencing. We introduce specialized short-read alignment techniques as well as pre/post-alignment quality check methods to ensure data quality. Furthermore, we discuss subsequent analysis steps after alignment. We introduce various differential methylation methods and compare their performance using simulated and real bisulfite sequencing datasets. We also discuss the methods used to segment methylomes in order to pinpoint regulatory regions. We introduce annotation methods that can be used for further classification of regions returned by segmentation and differential methylation methods. Finally, we review software packages that implement strategies to efficiently deal with large bisulfite sequencing datasets locally and we discuss online analysis workflows that do not require any prior programming skills. The analysis strategies described in this review will guide researchers at any level to the best practices of bisulfite sequencing analysis.
Reward Learning from Narrated Demonstrations (2018)

Humans effortlessly "program" one another by communicating goals and desires in natural language. In contrast, humans program robotic behaviours by indicating desired object locations and poses to be achieved [5], by providing RGB images of goal configurations [19], or supplying a demonstration to be imitated [17]. None of these methods generalize across environment variations, and they convey the goal in awkward technical terms. This work proposes joint learning of natural language grounding and instructable behavioural policies reinforced by perceptual detectors of natural language expressions, grounded to the sensory inputs of the robotic agent. Our supervision is narrated visual demonstrations (NVD), which are visual demonstrations paired with verbal narration (as opposed to being silent). We introduce a dataset of NVD where teachers perform activities while describing them in detail. We map the teachers' descriptions to perceptual reward detectors, and use them to train corresponding behavioural policies in simulation. We empirically show that our instructable agents (i) learn visual reward detectors using a small number of examples by exploiting hard negative mined configurations from demonstration dynamics, (ii) develop pick-and-place policies using learned visual reward detectors, (iii) benefit from object-factorized state representations that mimic the syntactic structure of natural language goal expressions, and (iv) can execute behaviours that involve novel objects in novel locations at test time, instructed by natural language.
Neuroprotective Effects of Sulphated Agaran from Marine Alga <i>Gracilaria cornea</i> in Rat 6‐Hydroxydopamine Parkinson's Disease Model: Behavioural, Neurochemical and Transcriptional Alterations (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease associated with the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and behavioural alterations. Natural bioactive compounds may provide new therapeutic alternatives for neurodegenerative disorders, such as PD. The sulphated polysaccharides isolated from marine algae are heterogenic molecules that show different biological activities. The red marine alga Gracilaria cornea has a sulphated polysaccharide (SA-Gc) with structure and anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities reported in the literature. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of SA-Gc in rat model PD induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Firstly, we established the PD model in rats, induced by an intrastriatal injection (int.) of 6-OHDA, followed by a single administration of SA-Gc (15, 30 or 60 μg; int.). On the 14th day, behavioural tests were performed. After killing, brain areas were dissected and used for neurochemical and/or transcriptional analyses. The results showed that SA-Gc (60 μg, int.) promoted neuroprotective effects in vivo through reducing the oxidative/nitroactive stress and through alterations in the monoamine contents induced by 6-OHDA. Furthermore, SA-Gc modulated the transcription of neuroprotective and inflammatory genes, as well as returning behavioural activities and weight gain to normal conditions. Thus, this study reports the neuroprotective effects of SA-Gc against 6-OHDA in rats.
Simultaneous photodegradation and ozonation plus UV radiation of phenolic acids—major pollutants in agro-industrial wastewaters (1997)

The degradation of four phenolic acids by single UV radiation and by the advanced oxidation process constituted by the combination of ozone and UV radiation has been conducted. The phenolic acids, caffeic, p-coumaric, syringic and vanillic, were selected because they are major pollutants which are present in wastewaters from the production of olive oil and from wine distillery plants. In the single photochemical oxidation, the influence of the operating variables is established and the quantum yields for each individual reaction are evaluated by means of a competitive kinetic method. In the combined ozone/UV radiation process, the generation of the hydroxyl radicals improves the degradation rate in comparison to the single oxidations performed: ozonation and UV photodegradation. ©1997 SCI
Metabolism of Exogenous Palmitic and Oleic Acids by Preimplantation Mouse Embryos. (1999)

In the present study, the oxidation of palmitic acid to carbon dioxide and the difference of incorporation rate of the same and oleic acid into embryo lipids were examined. To test the exact role of fatty acids for energy production, the oxidative rates of exogenous palmitic were assessed in M16 medium with and without carbohydrate substrates. The oxidation of palmitic acid in the medium with carbohydrates was lower than that without carbohydrates in the blastocyst stage. Incorporation rates of both palmitic and oleic acids into embryo lipids increased significantly from the 2-cell to the blastocyst stage (P<0.05), whereas the incorporation rates of palmitic acid were significantly higher than those of oleic acid at most of the cell stages except for the blastocyst stage (P<0.05). In the neutral lipid fraction, 3H-palmitic acid was predominately distributed in triacylglycerol species and a little in the other glycerides (P<0.05). However, higher percentages of 14C-oleic acid were recovered in fatty alcohols, diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols. In the polar lipid fraction, the percentages of 3H-palmitic acid in choline and ethanolamine phosphatides were significantly higher than those of oleic acid among all cell stages except the 2-cell stage (P<0.05), whereas the percentages of 14C-oleic acid in inositol and serine phosphatides were significantly higher than those of 3H-palmitic acid during preimplantation development (P<0.05). According to the comparison of incorporations into the embryo lipids and distributions in individual lipid classes between palmitic and oleic acids, it could be inferred that exogenous oleic acid is not a main energy substrate but a major intermediate for synthesis of various embryo lipids.
Study of thermal nonlinearity in lithium niobate-based MEMS resonators (2015)

This paper reports an iteration-driven method to numerically study the thermal nonlinearity in lithium niobate (LN) based MEMS resonators. In comparison to the state of the art, this technique adopts an approximation-free algorithm and thus more accurately captures the complex nonlinear dynamics that often evades the description by Duffing equation. For the first time, the nonlinearity of LN-based laterally vibrating resonators is theoretically investigated and experimentally validated. The admittance response of both S0 and SH0 mode devices was simulated and measured in this work by forward and backward sweeping the excitation frequency at different power levels. Excellent agreement between simulations and measurements has been achieved.
blaIMP and blaVIM mediated carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter species in India (2012)

Carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii is chiefly mediated by MBL production. The common MBL gene is the blaVIM.
Three-Dimensional (3D) Equilibrium Analysis of Gothic Masonry Vaults (2013)

Abstract This study presents a practical method for three-dimensional static equilibrium analysis for masonry vaults using funicular networks. The method, a nonlinear extension of Thrust Network Analysis, is explained, and through three exemplary case studies, the potential of this new research is demonstrated. These examples discuss different assumptions on the "flow of forces" in Gothic quadripartite vaults; visualize the flat-vault equilibrium of rose windows under wind loading; and provide a stability analysis of the intricate nave vaults of Sherborne Abbey, Dorset, England. The presented approach provides insights in structural redundancy of unreinforced masonry structures by quantifying lower bounds on the geometric safety factors. The method for efficient funicular analysis of complex vault geometries furthermore provides the foundation for a fully three-dimensional funicular analysis implementation, extending thrust line analysis to three-dimensional thrust networks, for historic masonry. Keywords: unreinforced masonry structuresGothic vaultsGothic rose windowsflow of forcesequilibrium analysislimit analysisfunicular analysisthrust network analysisgeometric safety factor ACKNOWLEDGMENT The first author is thankful for the discussions with Prof. John Ochsendorf on the case studies in Sections 4.1 and 4.2.1 during his doctoral studies at MIT.
Adiponectin: action, regulation and association to insulin sensitivity (2005)

Adiponectin is a novel adipocyte-specific protein, which, it has been suggested, plays a role in the development of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Although it circulates in high concentrations, adiponectin levels are lower in obese subjects than in lean subjects. Apart from negative correlations with measures of adiposity, adiponectin levels are also reduced in association with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Visceral adiposity has been shown to be an independent negative predictor of adiponectin. Thus, most features of the metabolic syndrome's negative associations with adiponectin have been shown. Adiponectin levels seem to be reduced prior to the development of type 2 diabetes, and administration of adiponectin has been accompanied by lower plasma glucose levels as well as increased insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, reduced expression of adiponectin has been associated with some degree of insulin resistance in animal studies indicating a role for hypoadiponectinaemia in relation to insulin resistance. The primary mechanisms by which adiponectin enhance insulin sensitivity appears to be through increased fatty acid oxidation and inhibition of hepatic glucose production. Adiponectin levels are increased by thiazoledinedione treatment, and this effect might be important for the enhanced insulin sensitivity induced by thiazolidinediones. In contrast, adiponectin levels are reduced by pro-inflammatory cytokines especially tumour necrosis factor-alpha. In summary, adiponectin in addition to possible anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic effects appears to be an insulin enhancer, with potential as a new pharmacologic treatment modality of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Detroit Edison conquers zebra mussels (1993)

A potentially troublesome zebra mussel infestation at Detroit Edison's Harbor Beach Power Plant was nipped in time. Reducing the oxygen content of water inside the plant's water systems and using steam to thermally treat a colony of mussels that was established in the plant's screenhouse prevented the problem. So successful was the temperature treatment that it will be used regularly as part of the plant's annual mussel removal program.
The Utility of IRS-1C LISS-III and PAN-Merged Data for Mapping Salt-Affected Soils (2001)

Waterlogging and subsequent salinization andlor alkalization of soils is the major land degradation process operating in the irrigated areas of the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Before taking up any prevention or reclamation measures for such lands, information on their nature, spatial extent, magnitude, distribution, and temporal behavior is a prerequisite. In the study reported here, an attempt has been made to evaluate the potential of high spatial resolution (5.8 m) Panchromatic (PAN) sensor data and the Linear Imaging Self-scanning Sensor (LISS-III) data from the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (1%IG) for detection and delineation of salt-affected soils in a portion of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains of northern India. The approach involves the merging of ~SS-III and PAN data through an Intensity, Hue, and Saturation (IH~ transformation, and a subsequent supervised classification using a perpixel Gaussian maximum-likelihood classification algorithm. Results indicate a deterioration in the overall accuracy of saltafiected soils derived from LIS-111 data as compared to IRS-IB LISS-II data owing to an improvement in the spatial resolution (23.5 m for US-III versus 36.5 m for LISS-II), leading to enhanced intra-class spectral variability. The PAN and LISS-III hybrid data without any transformation ranked last in terms of ovemll accuracy. Overall accuracy figures for LISS-II, LISS-ID, and PAN and HSS-ID hybrid data with the nis transformation have been on the order of 89.6 percent, 85.9 percent, and 82.5 percent, respectively.
Prediction of fishing effort distributions using boosted regression trees (2014)

Concerns about bycatch of protected species have become a dominant factor shaping fisheries management. However, efforts to mitigate bycatch are often hindered by a lack of data on the distributions of fishing effort and protected species. One approach to overcoming this problem has been to overlay the distribution of past fishing effort with known locations of protected species, often obtained through satellite telemetry and occurrence data, to identify potential bycatch hotspots. This approach, however, generates static bycatch risk maps, calling into question their ability to forecast into the future, particularly when dealing with spatiotemporally dynamic fisheries and highly migratory bycatch species. In this study, we use boosted regression trees to model the spatiotemporal distribution of fishing effort for two distinct fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean, the albacore (Thunnus alalunga) troll fishery and the California drift gillnet fishery that targets swordfish (Xiphias gladius). Our results suggest that it is possible to accurately predict fishing effort using < 10 readily available predictor variables (cross-validated correlations between model predictions and observed data -0.6). Although the two fisheries are quite different in their gears and fishing areas, their respective models had high predictive ability, even when input data sets were restricted to a fraction of the full time series. The implications for conservation and management are encouraging: Across a range of target species, fishing methods, and spatial scales, even a relatively short time series of fisheries data may suffice to accurately predict the location of fishing effort into the future. In combination with species distribution modeling of bycatch species, this approach holds promise as a mitigation tool when observer data are limited. Even in data-rich regions, modeling fishing effort and bycatch may provide more accurate estimates of bycatch risk than partial observer coverage for fisheries and bycatch species that are heavily influenced by dynamic oceanographic conditions.
Classification and Craniofacial Features of Gummy Smile in Adolescents (2010)

Classification of gummy smile was tried first according to gingival exposure site during posed smile, then several items were measured on cephalometric radiograph to analyze the morphologic features in both sexes and further divided into subgroups. Two hundred twenty-eight adolescents with gingival display of more than 2 mm during smile were clustered according to gingival exposure site. Measurements of 18 pertinent items with great clinical concern or controversy in previous study in each groups were compared with corresponding references. Four distinctive types of gummy smile could be distinguished, and they exposed a continuous band, posterior parts, and one side or anterior part of upper gingiva, respectively. The type exposing a continuous band of upper gingiva took up the majority (200 cases, 88%) of all subjects and were chosen for further cephalometric analysis. Among the characteristic features of gummy smile, adolescents have skeletal class II relationship, vertical growth pattern, retrusive mandible, excessive anterior maxillary height, labially inclined upper incisors and upper lip, great overjet and overbite, and relatively short lip compared with anterior maxillary height. Skeletal class III relationship and horizontal growth pattern were absolutely absent. As a result, treatment planning should be adjusted according to the exposure site and craniofacial feature of each individual patient to obtain the best result.
The turbo principle in joint source channel decoding of variable length codes (2002)

The turbo principle has been widely applied to various detection/decoding problems in recent years. Here we show how the general idea can be extended to a communication scheme where a variable length code is used for data compression followed by a channel code to protect the data against channel errors. Iterations are performed between the channel decoder and the decoder for the variable length source code. Since the exchange of extrinsic information is essential for the performance of turbo decoding schemes we describe how EXIT-charts can be applied to predict the performance of the iterative source-channel decoding approach.
Efficient summarization of stereoscopic video sequences (2000)

An efficient technique for summarization of stereoscopic video sequences is presented, which extracts a small but meaningful set of video frames using a content-based sampling algorithm. The proposed video-content representation provides the capability of browsing digital stereoscopic video sequences and performing more efficient content-based queries and indexing. Each stereoscopic video sequence is first partitioned into shots by applying a shot-cut detection algorithm so that frames (or stereo pairs) of similar visual characteristics are gathered together. Each shot is then analyzed using stereo-imaging techniques, and the disparity field, occluded areas, and depth map are estimated. A multiresolution implementation of the recursive shortest spanning tree (RSST) algorithm is applied for color and depth segmentation, while fusion of color and depth segments is employed for reliable video object extraction. In particular, color segments are projected onto depth segments so that video objects on the same depth plane are retained, while at the same time accurate object boundaries are extracted. Feature vectors are then constructed using multidimensional fuzzy classification of segment features including size, location, color, and depth. Shot selection is accomplished by clustering similar shots based on the generalized Lloyd-Max algorithm, while for a given shot, key frames are extracted using an optimization method for locating frames of minimally correlated feature vectors. For efficient implementation of the latter method, a genetic algorithm is used. Experimental results are presented, which indicate the reliable performance of the proposed scheme on real-life stereoscopic video sequences.
A Systematic Review of Dietary Protein During Caloric Restriction in Resistance Trained Lean Athletes: A Case for Higher Intakes (2014)

Protein needs for energy-restricted resistance-trained athletes are likely 2.3-3.1g/kg of FFM scaled upwards with severity of caloric restriction and leanness.
Benzothiazol‐<i>N</i>‐oxide, II. Über eine neue Synthese substituierter 2‐Benzothiazolone (1974)

Abstract 2‐Carbamoylbenzothiazol‐ N ‐oxide gehen in Gegenwart von Phosphoroxychlorid eine neuartige intramolekulare Redoxreaktion unter Bildung von 2‐Benzothiazolonen ein. In zwei untersuchten Fällen unterliegen unterliegen auch 2‐Äthoxycarbonylbenzothiazol‐ N ‐oxide dieser Umlagerung. Spektroskopische Daten werden diskutiert.
Metacritique of Non-Criticism: A Reply to Breines et al. (1982)

Abstract Critical Theory's relation to Left social movements has been ambiguous from the very beginning. The original disenchantment with socialism was extended to the whole Enlightenment project. Its objective was to understand the relation of reason and regression in modernity; the fetish of scientific means over rational ends to satisfy human needs by eradicating all humanity; and the culture industry as extending on all levels the logic of existing socio-economic relations. Consequently, the idea of spontaneous social movements, unmediated by the totally administered society, is at once suspect of an unreflective nostalgia for an idealized earlier social formation long since gone in the age of mechanical reproduction.