gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocatalytic Purification of Water on the Titanium Oxide/Activated Carbon Fiber Photocatalysts Prepared by an Ionized Cluster Beam Method (2000)

Preparation of titanium oxide photocatalysts loaded on activated carbon fiber (ACF) using an ionized cluster beam (ICB) method and their photocatalytic reactivity for the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants (alkyl alcohols, phenol) diluted in water were investigated. The utilization of the ICB method under oxygen atmosphere enables the preparation of titanium oxide photocatalysts on ACF relatively low temperature without causing any damages t the supports. Characterization using spectroscopic techniques indicates that fine particles of TiO2 having a quantum size effect are formed on the supports mainly as an anatase structure. The combination of the photocatalytic reactivity of TiO2 and the adsorption ability of ACF was effective for the degaradation of oraganic pollutants diluted in water into CO2 and H2O.
Monoacylglycerol Analysis Using MS/MSALL Quadruple Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (2016)

Monoacylglycerols (MAGs) are structural and bioactive metabolites critical for biological function. Development of facile tools for measuring MAG are essential to understand its role in different diseases and various pathways. A data-independent acquisition method, MS/MS(ALL), using electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (MS), was utilized for the structural identification and quantitative analysis of individual MAG molecular species. Compared with other acylglycerols, diacylglycerols (DAG) and triacylglycerols (TAG), MAG characteristically presented as a dominant protonated ion, [M + H]⁺, and under low collision energy as fatty acid-like fragments due to the neutral loss of the glycerol head group. At low concentrations (<10 pmol/µL), where lipid-lipid interactions are rare, there was a strong linear correlation between ion abundance and MAG concentration. Moreover, using the MS/MS(ALL) method the major MAG species from human plasma and mouse brown and white adipose tissues were quantified in less than 6 min. Collectively, these results demonstrate that MS/MS(ALL) analysis of MAG is an enabling strategy for the direct identification and quantitative analysis of low level MAG species from biological samples with high throughput and sensitivity.
Measuring internal energy deposition in collisional activation using hydrated ion nanocalorimetry to obtain peptide dissociation energies and entropies (2010)

The internal energy deposited in both on- and off-resonance collisional activation in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is measured with ion nanocalorimetry and is used to obtain information about the dissociation energy and entropy of a protonated peptide. Activation of Na(+)(H(2)O)(30) results in sequential loss of water molecules, and the internal energy of the activated ion can be obtained from the abundances of the product ions. Information about internal energy deposition in on-resonance collisional activation of protonated peptides is inferred from dissociation data obtained under identical conditions for hydrated ions that have similar m/z and degrees-of-freedom. From experimental internal energy deposition curves and Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory, dissociation data as a function of collision energy for protonated leucine enkephalin, which has a comparable m/z and degrees-of-freedom as Na(+)(H(2)O)(30), are modeled. The threshold dissociation energies and entropies are correlated for data acquired at a single time point, resulting in a relatively wide range of threshold dissociation energies (1.1 to 1.7 eV) that can fit these data. However, this range of values could be significantly reduced by fitting data acquired at different dissociation times. By measuring the internal energy of an activated ion, the number of fitting parameters necessary to obtain information about the dissociation parameters by modeling these data is reduced and could result in improved accuracy for such methods.
Practical Si LED's with standard CMOS technology (2002)

Multi-junction silicon light emitting devices (Si LED's) were designed and realised by using standard 1.2 micron and 2 micron CMOS processes with a bipolar capability and with no modifications to the processes. The designs were optimised to increase the power conversion efficiency, quantum conversion efficiency, intensity of emission and also the uniformity of emission. The devices emit light of several nW per 5 to 10 mA at 4-30 V in the 450 to 850 nm wavelength range. All the devices operated with at least one pn junction in the field emission or avalanche breakdown mode. Quantum conversion efficiencies of up to 1.5/spl times/10/sup -8/ have been measured which is two and a half orders to three orders of magnitude higher than previously published values for light emission from Si p-n avalanching junctions. Some directional light emission characteristics were also observed. The developed devices are viable for on-chip electro-optical applications and also for high speed chip-to-environment electro-optical applications.
Multi-Wavelength Regenerative Amplification Based on Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2007)

We discuss the networking potential of the regenerative amplification scheme based on QD-SOAs for both single and multi-wavelength operation at ultra high bit rates. Through numerical modelling the material and device parameters for achieving efficient regenerative performance are identified.
Mikrobiologische Umwandlungen nichtsteroider Strukturen, V. Mikrobiologische Reaktionen von substituierten 1‐Äthyl‐4‐oxo‐1,4‐dihydrochinolin‐3‐carbonsäuren (1973)

1-Äthyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydrochinolin-3-carbonsäure (1) wird durch Streptomyces surinam in den Methylester umgewandelt. Penicillium adametzi hydroxyliert das Substrat am 7-Methylsubstituenten, während bei der 1 -Äthyl-8-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo- 1, 4-dihydrochinolin-3-carbonsäure (4) mit dem gleichen Pilz nur eine Phenolätherspaltung eintritt. 1-Äthyl-4-oxo-l,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[g]chinolin-3-carbonsäure (6) wird von Penicillium adametzi in 7- und 8-, von Streptomyces achromogenes in 7-(oder 8-) und 6- sowie von Spororrichum sulfurescens in 6-Stellung hydroxyliert. 5-Äthyl-8-oxo-2,3,5,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-g]-chinolin-7-carbonsäure (10) zeigt nur eine hydrolytische Spaltung des Dihydrofuranringes. Microbiological Transformations of Nonsteroidal Structures, V. Microbiological Reactions of Substituted 1-Ethyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acids 1-Ethyl-7-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (1) is transformed to the methyl ester by Streptomyces surinam. Penicillium adametzi hydroxylates the substrate at the 7-methyl substituent, whereas 1 -ethyl-8-methoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo- 1,4-dihydroquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (4) is hydrolyzed to the free phenol by the same fungi. l-Ethyl-4-oxo-1,4,6,7,8,9-hexahydrobenzo[g]quinolinc-3-carboxylic acid (6) is hydroxylated in 7 - and 8-position by Penicillium adametzi, in 6- and 7- (or 8-) position by Streptomyces achromogenes and in 6-position by Sporotrichum sulfurescens. 5-Ethyl-8-oxo-2,3,5,8-tetrahydrofuro[2,3-g]quinoline-7-carboxylic acid (10) undergoes only a hydrolytic cleavage of the dihydrofuranering.
A Randomized Prospective Trial Using Postoperative Adjuvant Chemotherapy (Adriamycin) in High-Grade Extremity Soft-Tissue Sarcoma (1988)

From March 1981 to December 1984 119 patients with primary grade III extremity soft-tissue sarcoma were randomized postoperatively to single agent Adriamycin (57) or to control, no adjuvant chemotherapy (62). Adjuvant therapy was begun within 6 weeks of surgery, and consisted of Adriamycin 90 mg/m2 given over 2 days, once a month for 5 months. All patients had received preoperative intraarterial Adriamycin, radiation therapy (1,750 cGy) and subsequent surgical excision. At a median follow-up of 28 months there was no difference between the two groups in overall survival (Adriamycin = 84%, control = 80%), local tumor recurrence, or in the disease-free survival (Adriamycin = 58%, control = 54%). This study indicates that the use of single-agent Adriamycin as postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy has no significant clinical benefit in patients with high-grade extremity soft-tissue sarcoma treated with preoperative Adriamycin, radiation, and surgical excision. Although the Adriamycin postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy did not significantly benefit the experimental group relative to the control group, both groups of patients had an improved disease-free and overall survival rate compared to historical controls.
Optimization of Structures Subjected to Vibrations (1989)

A minimum cost optimization procedure is presented for the analysis of multi-degree freedom structures subjected to steady, transient and random vibration environment. The procedure is illustrated by results from two models of semi-conductor industrial buildings consisting of mechanical and process floors. This work can be very useful in the vibration control design of industrial buildings.
Fundamental science investigations to develop a 6-MV laser triggered gas switch for ZR: first annual report. (2007)

In October 2005, an intensive three-year Laser Triggered Gas Switch (LTGS) development program was initiated to investigate and solve observed performance and reliability issues with the LTGS for ZR. The approach taken has been one of mission-focused research: to revisit and reassess the design, to establish a fundamental understanding of LTGS operation and failure modes, and to test evolving operational hypotheses. This effort is aimed toward deploying an initial switch for ZR in 2007, on supporting rolling upgrades to ZR as the technology can be developed, and to prepare with scientific understanding for the even higher voltage switches anticipated needed for future high-yield accelerators. The ZR LTGS was identified as a potential area of concern quite early, but since initial assessments performed on a simplified Switch Test Bed (STB) at 5 MV showed 300-shot lifetimes on multiple switch builds, this component was judged acceptable. When the Z{sub 20} engineering module was brought online in October 2003 frequent flashovers of the plastic switch envelope were observed at the increased stresses required to compensate for the programmatically increased ZR load inductance. As of October 2006, there have been 1423 Z{sub 20} shots assessing a variety of LTGS designs. Numerous incremental and fundamental switch design modifications have been investigated. As we continue to investigate the LTGS, the basic science of plastic surface tracking, laser triggering, cascade breakdown, and optics degradation remain high-priority mission-focused research topics. Significant progress has been made and, while the switch does not yet achieve design requirements, we are on the path to develop successively better switches for rolling upgrade improvements to ZR. This report summarizes the work performed in FY 2006 by the large team. A high-level summary is followed by detailed individual topical reports.
J-Aggregation of Perylene Diimides in Silica Nanocapsules for Stable Near-Infrared Photothermal Conversion (2019)

A novel near-infrared-responsive (NIR-responsive) photothermal therapy (PTT) agent based on perylene-diimide-encapsulated (PDI-encapsulated) PEGylated silica nanocapsules (SNCs) is developed. Dicyclohexylamino-PDI (DCAPDI) with electron-donating cyclohexylamino substitutes at bay positions aggregates into J-aggregation in the core of SNCs, and their electronic coupling interactions are strengthened because of the spatial confinement of SNCs, resulting in strong NIR absorption but negligible fluorescence emission which is crucial for NIR-responsive PTT. Based on our knowledge, this is the first example of generating NIR photothermal conversion by means of molecular aggregation derived from spatial confinement. Unprecedented photostability is achieved with the DCAPDI-encapsulated SNCs in response to more than 60 runs of cyclic NIR exposure with each run exposed to the 808 nm, 1 W cm<sup>-2</sup> laser for 10 min. It overcomes the common photodegradation problem of small organic NIR dyes under continuous high-power laser irradiation thanks to the robust molecular skeleton of PDIs and their formation of structurally stable J-aggregates in SNCs. The DCAPDI-encapsulated SNCs demonstrate low cellular cytotoxicity and excellent <i>in vivo</i> photothermal efficacy in tumor ablation in a tumor-bearing zebrafish model, and thus allow the practical employment of a stable photothermal agent in clinical applications.
Bioactive Flavonoids of Tanacetum parthenium Revisited. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Viscoelastic Strain Response (ViSR) Ultrasound in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Application (2013)

Viscoelastic Strain Response (ViSR) ultrasound is a novel acoustic radiation force (ARF)-based imaging method that noninvasively interrogates the viscoelastic properties of tissue by measuring the relaxation time constant for constant stress in the Voigt biomechanical model. The time constant is defined as the ratio of coefficient of viscosity to elastic modulus, so ViSR differentiates tissue with disparate viscosities and elasticities. ViSR ultrasound is performed by delivering two successive ARF impulses to a single region of exciation (ROE) and tracking the micrometer-scale displacements induced by the propagating longitudinal waves. ViSR does not rely on transverse wave propagation, which can be disrupted and difficult to track in heterogeneous and/or geometrically complex media. Another advantage to ViSR ultrasound is a large axial range relative to conventional ARF Impulse (ARFI) ultrasound. In this overview, ViSR methods are discussed and demonstrated in calibrated viscoelastic tissue mimicking materials. ViSR ultrasound is then applied to differentiating fatty and fibrous deposition in muscle in a golden retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD) dog model and in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) with correlation to standard physical testing. ViSR is also applied to delineating the structure and composition of atherosclerotic plaques in a hypercholesterolemic pig model with histochemical validation. ViSR’s key advantages and disadvantages are discussed in regard to its general clinical utility.
New Microgels for EOR – From Laboratory to Field Applications (2007)

A10 New Microgels for EOR – From Laboratory to Field Applications D. Rousseau* (Institut Français du Pétrole) R. Tabary (Institut Français du Pétrole) A. Zaitoun (Poweltec) T. Pichery (Gaz de France) P. Mallo (SEPPIC) & O. Braun (SEPPIC) SUMMARY New microgels specifically designed for EOR applications were extensively studied at laboratory scale and subjected to a field test. Microgels are micron-scale particles of chemically crosslinked polymers. They are preformed stable fully water soluble non-toxic and both their size and rigidy are controlled during the manufacturing process. Microgels have remarkable mechanical and thermal stability. In porous media they gather important advantages:
Deoxygenated Disaccharide Analogs as Specific Inhibitors of β1–4-Galactosyltransferase 1 and Selectin-mediated Tumor Metastasis (2008)

The disaccharide peracetylated GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol (disaccharide 1) diminishes the formation of the glycan sialyl Lewis X (Neu5Acalpha2-3Galbeta1-4(Fucalpha1-3) GlcNAc; sLe(X)) in tumor cells. Previous studies showed that the mechanism of action of disaccharide 1 involves three steps: (i) deacetylation by carboxyesterases, (ii) action as a biosynthetic intermediate for downstream enzymes involved in sLe(X) assembly, and (iii) generation of several glycans related to sLe(X). In this report, we show that GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta-O-naphthalenemethanol binds to the acceptor site of human beta1-4-galactosyltransferase much like the acceptor trisaccharide, GlcNAcbeta1-2Manbeta1-6Man, which is present on N-linked glycans. The 4'-deoxy analog, in which the acceptor hydroxyl group was replaced by -H, did not act as a substrate but instead acted as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. The acetylated form of this compound inhibited sLe(X) formation in U937 monocytic leukemia cells, suggesting that it had inhibitory activity in vivo as well. A series of synthetic acetylated analogs of 1 containing -H, -F, -N(3), -NH(2), or -OCH(3) instead of the hydroxyl groups at C-3'- and C-4'-positions of the terminal N-acetylglucosamine residue also blocked sLe(X) formation in cells. The reduction of sLe(X) by the 4'-deoxy analog also diminished experimental tumor metastasis by Lewis lung carcinoma in vivo. These data suggest that nonsubstrate disaccharides have therapeutic potential through their ability to bind to glycosyltransferases in vivo and to alter glycan-dependent pathologic processes.
New design approach of vertical inductors for high-frequency integrated circuits (2013)

This paper presents a new method for the design of inductors in high-frequency integrated circuits. In order to increase the inductance per unit of area more than one metal layer is used and the spiral inductor is oriented in the vertical instead of the horizontal plane. The inductor is designed in 130 nm BiCMOS technology using five metal layers. Simulations were performed via Sonnet 3D EM software. The inductance at low frequencies was verified with the Greenhouse method using Grover formulas. Good agreement between simulations and analytical calculations was found when the inductance length and metal width was changed. As a first proof of concept, an inductor of 340 pH with self-resonance frequency of 51.7 GHz and a quality factor of 3.14 at 26 GHz was designed, which is well suited for peaking purposes. The designed inductor shows an inductance per unit of area of 377 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This is a significant improvement compared to planar inductors.
Interindividual Variability of Response to Rituximab: From Biological Origins to Individualized Therapies (2011)

Rituximab has markedly changed the treatment of B-cell malignancies. Despite its widespread use, however, its precise mode of action and the impact of host- and tumor-related factors on rituximab-activated biological pathways were only recently clarified. Biological mechanisms resulting in complete resistance to rituximab may exist at both the cellular and subcellular level; however, their frequency and their impact on clinical response are unclear. The identification of Fcγ receptor polymorphisms that can influence anti-CD20 antibody activity has resulted in the development of third-generation anti-CD20 antibodies. However, it is also now appreciated that pharmacokinetic variability is a major factor affecting clinical response to anti-CD20 antibodies. The concept of antigenic mass, which takes into account the total tumor load and the expression levels of the target antigen CD20, is able to explain the correlation between rituximab plasma concentrations and treatment responses. Thus, it can be hypothesized that dosing regimens that take this information into account will help to improve response rates.
Structural Basis for the Lesion-scanning Mechanism of the MutY DNA Glycosylase (2017)

The highly mutagenic A:8-oxoguanine (oxoG) base pair is generated mainly by misreplication of the C:oxoG base pair, the oxidation product of the C:G base pair. The A:oxoG base pair is particularly insidious because neither base in it carries faithful information to direct the repair of the other. The bacterial MutY (MUTYH in humans) adenine DNA glycosylase is able to initiate the repair of A:oxoG by selectively cleaving the A base from the A:oxoG base pair. The difference between faithful repair and wreaking mutagenic havoc on the genome lies in the accurate discrimination between two structurally similar base pairs: A:oxoG and A:T. Here we present two crystal structures of the MutY N-terminal domain in complex with either undamaged DNA or DNA containing an intrahelical lesion. These structures have captured for the first time a DNA glycosylase scanning the genome for a damaged base in the very first stage of lesion recognition and the base extrusion pathway. The mode of interaction observed here has suggested a common lesion-scanning mechanism across the entire helix-hairpin-helix superfamily to which MutY belongs. In addition, small angle X-ray scattering studies together with accompanying biochemical assays have suggested a possible role played by the C-terminal oxoG-recognition domain of MutY in lesion scanning.
Ontogeny of a symbiont-produced chemical defense in Bugula neritina (Bryozoa) (2006)

The larvae of the arborescent bryozoan Bugula neritina are chemically defended against predators by unpalatable secondary metabolites called bryostatins. Bryostatins, polyketidederived secondary compounds, are produced by the bacterial symbiont 'Candidatus Endobugula sertula', which is present throughout all life stages of B. neritina. Crude extracts of larval and all juvenile stages of B. neritina significantly reduced pinfish feeding (p < 0.003). Extract unpalatability is due to high bryostatin concentrations. As B. neritina increases in age after larval settlement and metamorphosis, palatability increases as bryostatin concentrations decrease precipitously. Extracts of brooding portions of adult colonies reduced pinfish feeding by a significant 54% (p = 0.008), whereas extracts of non-brooding portions of the same colonies resulted in a non-significant 20% decline in feeding (p = 0.125). Our data suggest that the different life stages of B. neritina employ alternate defensive strategies. The mobile, short-lived larvae and early-stage juveniles are defended from predators by having deterrent levels of bryostatins; in contrast, the older juveniles and adults, which are clonal and relatively long-lived, may be defended largely by high levels of structural material (i.e. chitin and carbonate). Predation pressure on the vulnerable larval stage of B. neritina appears in part to have driven selection for the development and maintenance of the symbiotic relationship between B. neritina and Ca. Endobugula sertula whereby the larvae are chemically defended by symbiontproduced bryostatins.
<title>Estimation of van der Waals component of the density of states using the Gaussian disorder model and the correlated disorder model</title> (1999)

The proportionality of the logarithm of the mobility to the square root of the electric field is most likely caused by the broadening of the density of states according to both the Gaussian disorder model and the 3D correlated disorder model (CDM). Using these models, the relation between the slope of the mobility against the electric field and the dipolar component of the width of the density of states ((sigma) <SUB>d</SUB>) is analyzed. The (sigma) <SUB>d</SUB> for the donor and the host polymer are calculated using the dipolar disorder model in which a random distribution of permanent dipoles generates fluctuation in electric potential. A successful interpretation of the relation between (beta) and (sigma) <SUB>d</SUB> has been achieved using the formula based on the CDM. Assuming that all components of the density of states are described using Gaussian statistics, the van der Waals component is evaluated to be negligibly small from analyses of temperature dependence of the relation between (beta) and (sigma) <SUB>d</SUB>. The experimental results also shows that the value of the DOS width that is derived from the analysis of the temperature dependence of the zero-field mobility is different for the value of the DOS width that is derived from the analysis of the electric field dependence.