gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum-Free Medium Enhances Growth and Differentiation of Cultured Pig Granulosa Cells* (1985)

We have developed new serum-free culture techniques for swine granulosa cells from immature (1-3 mm) follicles. These methods have allowed more detailed examination of factors regulating both replication and cytodifferentiation of these cells. For optimal replication, collagen-coated culture dishes and a highly supplemented nutrient medium (a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-10), containing 5 micrograms/ml transferrin, 300 mU/ml insulin, 40 ng/ml hydrocortisone, 4 mg/ml BSA, and 2.5% (vol/vol) of a platelet extract (PE) was found to be essential. Cultures maintained in this serum-free complete medium (SFCM) grew to confluence and contained as many or more cells than replicate cultures maintained in 10% fetal calf serum (10% FCS) (e.g. SFCM: 1.89 +/- 0.17; 10% FCS: 1.12 +/- 0.02 cells per well X 10(-5) on day 6). In the absence of albumin, PE, or without collagen coating, the cell numbers were, respectively 4.5%, 9.8%, and 5.0% of that observed with complete SFCM. The mitogenic effect of the PE was due to heat-labile as well as heat-stable components and could not be replaced by platelet-derived growth factor. To evaluate cytodifferentiation, cells grown in SFCM were compared with those grown in 10% FCS with regard to progesterone secretion and FSH responsiveness. Basal progesterone levels were higher in SFCM at all stages in culture. FSH stimulated progesterone secretion in both 10% FCS and SFCM. However, FSH responsiveness was diminished after 4 days with 10% FCS, whereas cells in SFCM remained responsive for 10 days. Thus, this system seems to be highly suitable for the study of the regulation of growth and differentiation of granulosa cells.
Costs of alcohol and drug abuse in the United States, 1992. Alcohol/Drugs COI Study Team. (1999)

In a study of the economic costs to society of alcohol and drug abuse, the National Institute on Drug Abuse and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health estimate the cost to be $246 billion in 1992, the most recent year for which sufficient data were available. This estimate represents $965 for every man, woman and child living in the United States in 1992. Alcohol abuse and alcoholism generated about 60 percent of the estimated costs ($148 billion), while drug abuse and dependence accounted for the remaining 40 percent ($98 billion). Prior to this study, the most recent comprehensive estimates of these costs were based on data for 1985. The need to update earlier estimates was driven primarily by the changing culture of substance abuse and the changing nature, extent and treatment of the problem. Over 80 percent of the increase in estimated costs of alcohol abuse can be attributed to changes in data and methodology employed in the new study, suggesting that the previous study significantly underestimated the costs of alcohol abuse. In contrast, over 80 percent of the increase in estimated costs of drug abuse is due to real changes in drug-related emergency room episodes, criminal justice expenditures and service delivery patterns. Estimated costs for alcohol and drug abuse in 1995 were also calculated and were projected to be $276 billion. After adjusting for population growth and inflation, this estimate represents a 12.5 percent increase over the 1992 estimates.
A new soft-output detection method for the magnetic recording channel (2002)

We develop a new method for simple soft-output detection. Like other soft-output detectors, our approach also utilizes the trellis structure. However, in computing the state transition probabilities in the trellis, we model each bit as a linear regression of the channel outputs as well as the previous bits implied in the corresponding branch. The trellis depends not on the channel response but on the regression model parameter that is highly flexible. The resulting soft-output algorithm has a very simple structure, needing only a forward recursion. The amount of memory required is also small. Furthermore, this algorithm can easily handle colored/signal-dependent noise. We examine the performance of this algorithm for three ISI channels with different noise characteristics: additive white, colored, and colored and signal-dependent. To verify the quality of the soft decisions, an outer low-density parity check code is used. Results show that the proposed detector allows favorable complexity/performance tradeoffs in correlated/signal-dependent noise environment.
BugsInPy: a database of existing bugs in Python programs to enable controlled testing and debugging studies (2020)

The 2019 edition of Stack Overflow developer survey highlights that, for the first time, Python outperformed Java in terms of popularity. The gap between Python and Java further widened in the 2020 edition of the survey. Unfortunately, despite the rapid increase in Python's popularity, there are not many testing and debugging tools that are designed for Python. This is in stark contrast with the abundance of testing and debugging tools for Java. Thus, there is a need to push research on tools that can help Python developers.
Risk Factors and Attributable Mortality Associated with Superinfections in Neutropenic Patients with Cancer (1997)

To identify the risk factors and attributable mortality associated with superinfections in febrile neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies, we prospectively evaluated 333 episodes of fever and neutropenia by means of univariate and multivariate analyses. Superinfection was defined as any infection either occurring during antibiotic therapy or developing within 1 week after discontinuation of antibiotic therapy. Of 333 episodes, 46 (13.8%) were defined as superinfection; these episodes occurred in 46 patients. The risk factors for superinfection in the multivariate analysis were longer duration of profound neutropenia (P < .0001), lack of use of quinolones as prophylaxis (P < .0001), presence of a central venous catheter (P = .02), and persistence of fever after 3 days of antibiotic therapy (P = .02). The crude mortality rate among patients with superinfection was 48%, and the attributable mortality rate was 24% (95% confidence interval, 3%-45%). Identifying risk factors for superinfections in neutropenic patients might allow clinical practices to reduce the negative impact of this complication.
An easy-to-use visualization system for huge cultural heritage meshes (2001)

The technology for the automatic shape reconstruction evolved rapidly in recent years, and huge mass of data can be easily produced. Due to the supported accuracy, works of art are one of the ideal fields of use of these devices. Given this particular application domain (Cultural Heritage), two issues arise: how to manage these complex data on commodity computers, and how to improve the ease of use of the visualization tools (as potential users are often not expert at all with interactive graphics).We present a new visualization system that allows naive users to inspect a large complex 3D model at interactive frame rates on off-the-shelf PC's. A main goal in the design of the system has been to provide the user with a very easy and natural interaction approach, based on a straightforward "point and click" metaphor. Visualization efficiency is obtained by adopting a LOD representation and on-line automatic selection of the best-fit level of detail (according to the current view frustum).The system has been used by restores and art curators for the inspection of some high resolution models of statues, and its evaluation was successful.
Infrastructure requirement for tourism growth in the state of West Bengal: Evidence from heritage tourism destination, Bishnupur, India (2012)

Over the past decade, the concept of tourism has become one of the vital issues of economic and social benefits to the society. The primary objectives of this study includes the growth, development and emergence of heritage tourism in the state of West Bengal, study the heritage tourism potentials of West Bengal in general and Bishnupur in particular, study the role played by the State Government, Department of Tourism, analyze the tourist flow pattern of Bishnupur, examine the existing as well as future requirement of tourism infrastructure of Bishnupur.The major findings shows that the type of rural tourism infrastructure requirements and its quality. This study also indicates that how to develop and upgrade the heritage tourism destinations by development of proper utilization of tourism infrastructural amenities in the area as well as active participation by public private initiatives and utilization of local resources. This approach of study tried to find out the way to achieve sustainable tourism development in Bishnupur as a perfect heritage tourism destination of West Bengal. Heritage tourism is expected to emerge as an important key factor for sustainable human development including poverty alleviation, employment generation, environmental re-generation and development of remote areas and empowerment of women in West Bengal in the near future to come.
High brightness, high resolution, projection CCRT (1977)

A projection cathodochromic CRT (CCRT) has been developed that employs sodalite as the cathodochromic material. The construction of the CCRT is similar to that of the Advent Light Guide projection television tube. Images are written at one electron beam exposure and erased at a higher exposure that heats the screen material above its erase threshold. The optical configuration allows the projection of an image that is written on the cathodochromic screen surface nearest the electron gun. Compared to a conventional CCRT where the image appears on the surface most distant from the electron gun, the Light Guide optical arrangement offers distinct advantages of higher resolution, higher contrast, improved erasure quality, shorter erase time, and longer device lifetime. Over 8000, 9×7 dot matrix characters or detailed graphics can be displayed on a 6'-diagonal image screen with a white-area brightness of 300 fL and a contrast ratio in excess of 6:1. Characters can be written at a rate of 240 per second. Full screen erasure is accomplished in 2.8 seconds and selective character erasure requires about 1 msec.
Discovery of High-Affinity PDGF-VEGFR Interactions: Redefining RTK Dynamics (2017)

Nearly all studies of angiogenesis have focused on uni-family ligand-receptor binding, e.g., VEGFs bind to VEGF receptors, PDGFs bind to PDGF receptors, etc. The discovery of VEGF-PDGFRs binding challenges this paradigm and calls for investigation of other ligand-receptor binding possibilities. We utilized surface plasmon resonance to identify and measure PDGF-to-VEGFR binding rates, establishing cut-offs for binding and non-binding interactions. We quantified the kinetics of the recent VEGF-A:PDGFRβ interaction for the first time with K<sub>D</sub> = 340 pM. We discovered new PDGF:VEGFR2 interactions with PDGF-AA:R2 K<sub>D</sub> = 530 nM, PDGF-AB:R2 K<sub>D</sub> = 110 pM, PDGF-BB:R2 K<sub>D</sub> = 40 nM, and PDGF-CC:R2 K<sub>D</sub> = 70 pM. We computationally predict that cross-family PDGF binding could contribute up to 96% of VEGFR2 ligation in healthy conditions and in cancer. Together the identification, quantification, and simulation of these novel cross-family interactions posits new mechanisms for understanding anti-angiogenic drug resistance and presents an expanded role of growth factor signaling with significance in health and disease.
A Quantitative Reassessment of the Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis: Evidence From Norway and the United Kingdom (1983)

The reemergence of empirical research on the purchasing power parity hypothesis (henceforth PPP) in the 1970's does not seem to have led to any consensus as to its general empirical validity. On the one hand, Gailliot, Myhrman, Officer and Friedman have presented historical evidence for many countries and over many time periods which supports the basic PPP hypothesis, i.e., that trends in relative price levels between two countries are offset by movements in the exchange rate in the long run. This conclusion stands out most clearly during time periods dominated by monetary disturbances. On the other hand, these findings contract sharply with the experience of the 1970's where evidence suggest persistent divergences of exchange rates from PPP.
ESD protection device issues for IC designs (2002)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) has been a major concern for IC chip quality. In this paper, the IC damage phenomena due to ESD and the protection techniques are reviewed. Also, the severe impact of the advanced process technologies on the ESD robustness, and the special circuit requirements that make the protection design even more challenging will be addressed. The recently developed simulation and modeling methods to improve the protection designs are also discussed.
Joint Transaction Relaying and Block Verification Optimization for Blockchain Empowered D2D Communication (2019)

Device to device (D2D) communication is a promising paradigm to support data sharing in the fifth generation (5G) small cell networks. However, D2D communication is more vulnerable to security and privacy threats due to direct wireless connection between the proximity devices. In this paper, we exploit blockchain technology to propose a new distributed and secure data sharing framework named D2D blockchain, where we deploy a set of Access Points (APs) to verify end users' transactions. Besides, in order to enable the end users to receive the required data on time in the D2D blockchain, we propose two new schemes for the transaction confirmation procedure including a relay-assisted transaction relaying scheme and a Delegated Proof-of-Stake (DPoS) based lightweight block verification scheme. Furthermore, to incentivize the relay devices to help in relaying transactions in congested areas, and to encourage the verifiers to contribute their resources in block verification, we design a two-stage contract theory based joint optimization scheme. To measure the quality of the relayed transaction and the verified block, we formulate two models: value of transaction relaying (VoTR) and value of block verification (VoBV), and then design the optimal contract for each relay device and each verifier. Security analysis and numerical results illustrate that the proposed D2D blockchain and the designed joint optimization scheme are secure and efficient for data sharing among end users.
A low cost two chip solution for GPS sensor applications (2002)

This paper describes the features and development of the SA1570 RF Front End receiver IC and the SC1575 GPS correlator/Processor which has been developed by Philips Semiconductors to address the needs of the automotive and other cost sensitive applications requirements of a GPS receiver.
Short Notices (1963)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access HENRY PELLING HENRY PELLING The Queen's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXVIII, Issue CCCVIII, July 1963, Pages 585-b–586, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXVIII.CCCVIII.585-b Published: 01 July 1963
A Crucial Investigation of Facial Skin Colour Research Trend and Direction (2015)

The research on facial animation is growing and became more sensible in terms of three dimensional data. The emergence of laser scans and advanced 3D tools imparted further towards the rapid development of complex facial model. This paper has given an overview on facial animation techniques such as blend shape interpolation, facial action coding system and parameterization. The major challenges, excitement, applications, recent progress and the future of various diversified facial animation methods are highlighted as well. The emotional theory, involving the cognition as one of the elements of emotion and emphasizing on somatic factors describing emotional expressions and its perception as the other elements are presented. The essential factors responsible for emotional colors manifestations to an individual are the key issues. The notable theories and models of Goethe, Claudia Cortes, Naz Kaya, Color Wheel Pro, Shirley Willet and Yau Xueon facial colors expressions are critically commented and a facile comparison is carried out. Furthermore, a detailed discussions on facial colors appearance are provided using image based skin color analysis and synthesis, reflectance based model, bidirectional texture function, physiology measurement based and emotional appearance models. The paper completed with the remarkable features official expression comprised of facial action coding system and MPEG-4 facial animation that enable considerable improvement on facial animation technology. Our in-depth appraisal on facial animation may contribute as taxonomy towards the development of human facial skin colors on 3D avatar including facial action coding system, emotion theory, color theory, animation via blending and image based color analysis useful for various applications.
Multichannel Along‐Track Interferometric SAR Systems: Moving Targets Detection and Velocity Estimation (2008)

Along‐track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (AT‐InSAR) systems are used to estimate the radial velocity of targets moving on the ground, starting from the interferometric phases, obtained by the combinations of two complex SAR images acquired by two antennas spatially separated along the platform moving direction. Since the radial velocity estimation obtained from a single‐phase interferogram (single‐channel) suffers from ambiguities, multichannel AT‐InSAR systems using more than one interferogram can be used. In this paper, we first analyze the moving target detection problem, evaluating the systems performance in terms of probability of detection and probability of false alarm obtained with different values of target radial velocity, signal‐to‐clutter ratio, and clutter‐to‐thermal noise ratio. Then, we analyze the radial velocity estimation accuracy in terms of Cramer‐Rao lower bounds and of mean square error values, obtained by using a maximum likelihood estimation technique. We consider the cases of single‐baseline and dual‐baseline satellite systems, and we evaluate the detection and estimation performance improvement obtained in the dual‐baseline case with respect to the single‐baseline one. Sensitivity of the presented method with respect to the involved target and system parameters is also discussed.
Operational sustainability metrics assessing performance of electronics recycling systems (2004)

Despite growing concern about the handling of end-of-life electronics, the existing electronics recycling system has not been characterized in detail, either by the fate of the materials recovered or the economic and environmental performance of the system. There is a need for systematic ways to describe system functioning and quantitative methods to assess system performance. Existing evaluations of eco-efficiency or sustainability are either too aggregated to guide operational decisions or too complex and data intensive to be performed in the context of a low-margin system. A range of performance metrics were assessed for several electronics recycling operators. These metrics were assessed for their ability to provide insights on resource efficiency comparable to more complex indicators, with minimal data required beyond that collected for normal business operations. Value recovery effectiveness results for three US electronic recycling operators are presented, based on several quantitative indicators. Results show that current simple measures such as "mass percent to landfill" are not sufficient to fully assess system performance.
Activity, expression and function of a second Drosophila protein kinase A catalytic subunit gene. (1995)

The DC2 gene was isolated previously on the basis of sequence similarity to DC0, the major Drosophila protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit gene. We show here that the 67-kD Drosophila DC2 protein behaves as a PKA catalytic subunit in vitro. DC2 is transcribed in mesodermal anlagen of early embryos. This expression depends on dorsal but on neither twist nor snail activity. DC2 transcriptional fusions mimic this embryonic expression and are also expressed in subsets of cells in the optic lamina, wing disc and leg discs of third instar larvae. A saturation screen of a small deficiency interval containing DC2 for recessive lethal mutations yielded no DC2 alleles. We therefore isolated new deficiencies to generate deficiency trans-heterozygotes that lacked DC2 activity. These animals were viable and fertile. The absence of DC2 did not affect the viability or phenotype of imaginal disc cells lacking DC0 activity or embryonic hatching of animals with reduced DC0 activity. Furthermore, transgenes expressing DC2 from a DC0 promoter did not efficiently rescue a variety of DC0 mutant phenotypes. These observations indicate that DC2 is not an essential gene and is unlikely to be functionally redundant with DC0, which has multiple unique functions during development.
Computational simulation of human upper airway collapse using a pressure-/state-dependent model of genioglossal muscle contraction under laminar flow conditions (2005)

A three-element, pressure- and state (sleep and wake) -dependent contraction model of the genioglossal muscle was developed based on the microstructure of skeletal muscle and the cross-bridge theory. This model establishes a direct connection between the contractile forces generated in muscle fibers and the measured electromyogram signals during various upper airway conditions. This effectively avoids the difficulty of determining muscle shortening velocity during complex pharyngeal conditions when modeling the muscle's contractile behaviors. The activation of the genioglossal muscle under different conditions was then simulated. A sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects of varying each modeled parameter on the muscle's contractile behaviors. This muscle contraction model was then incorporated into our anatomically correct, two-dimensional computational model of the pharyngeal airway to perform a finite-element analysis of air flow, tissue deformation, and airway collapse. The model-predicted muscle deformations are consistent with previous observations regarding upper airway behavior in normal subjects.
REVIEWS (1946)

REVIEWS Get access The Yale Edition of Horace Walpole's Correspondence. Vols. 11–12. Edited by W. S. LEWIS and A. DAYLE WALLACE with the Assistance of CHARLES H. BENNETT and EDWINE M. MARTZ. New Haven: Yale University Press; London: Oxford University Press. 1944. Vol. II (1, 1788–1791) correspondence with Mary and Agnes Berry and Barbara Cecilia Seton, pp. liv+378; vol. 12 (11, 1793–1796) the same continued with Appendix and Index, pp. x+402. £4 14s. 6d. net the set. D. M. LOW D. M. LOW Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume os-XXII, Issue 85, January 1946, Pages 67–69, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/os-XXII.85.67 Published: 01 January 1946
The local disk controller (1985)

The performance of the I/O subsystem in the 370-XA architecture has been improved considerably with the introduction of the new channel subsystem, as compared to the System/370 architecture. The emphasis in the 370-XA architecture is on reducing the CPU load associated with I/O, and on reducing the congestion in multi-CPU, shared systems, by redesigning the channel system. In this paper we will show that a reallocation of the control unit logic may triple the channel subsystem's capacity, while still using the same disk drives. The performance gain is achieved by adding control-unit like intelligence and local buffer memory to each disk drive, creating a Local Disk Controller (LDC), and thus eliminating the performance degradation caused by reconnect failures at a high channel utilization. The system proposed remains fully software compatible with the current 370-XA architecture. A simpler approach, requiring only a slight modification to the disk drives, is also discussed.