gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximum likelihood analysis of free‐response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) data (1989)

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology is widely used in evaluating medical imaging modalities. While appropriate in some cases, it has several drawbacks when the detection task, e.g., nodule detection, involves localizing the abnormality. Free-response receiver operating characteristic (FROC) methodology offers a more natural framework to describe observer performance in such studies and has other advantages. Due to the lack of a statistical analysis procedure comparable to the maximum likelihood procedure (ROCFIT program) available for ROC studies, the FROC method has not gained widespread acceptance. This work presents and solves a two parameter model for the statistical analysis of FROC data. The model assumes that the probability density of the signal stimuli is normally distributed, as is the probability density for producing one or more false positives per image. A program (FROCFIT) is described for estimating the parameters and their uncertainties from experimental data. An index of performance is proposed to quantify observer performance in FROC experiments. Application of this methodology to several FROC data sets produced good to excellent fits.
Mechanical work in running (1964)

The external and internal mechanical work in running has been measured through various procedures. Different from walking, in running the work due to the forward speed changes (variation of kinetic energy) and to the vertical displacement of the center of gravity (variation of potential energy), throughout the step cycle, are substantially in phase. The external work performed per kilometer is independent of speed, amounting to 0.25 kcal/kg km. The total mechanical work amounts to about 0.40–0.50 kcal/kg km. The efficiency in running has been calculated as about 40–50%: such a high value involves a contribution of a substantial amount of energy delivered at a very low cost; this appears to be identified as elastic recoil energy from the stretched contracted muscle and amounts to about half the energy spent in running. A mechanical model is given for the walking and running processes. mechanics of locomotion; kinetic and potential energy during step cycle; elasticity of contracted muscle; mechanical models for walking and running Submitted on July 29, 1963
Cryptosporidiosis: Sources of Infection and Guidelines for Prevention (1995)

Cryptosporidium parvum is an important emerging pathogen in the United States and a cause of severe, life-threatening disease in patients with AIDS. No safe and effective form of specific treatment for cryptosporidiosis has been identified to date. The parasite is transmitted by ingestion of oocysts excreted in the feces of infected humans or animals. The infection can therefore be transmitted from person to person through ingestion of contaminated water (drinking water and water used for recreational purposes) or food, from animal to person, or by contact with fecally contaminated environmental surfaces. Outbreaks associated with all of these modes of transmission have been documented. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection should be made more aware of the many ways that Cryptosporidium species are transmitted, and they should be given guidance on how to reduce the risk of exposure. This article summarizes existing data on the various modes of transmission. It includes an in-depth look at waterborne transmission because as more research data are made available to the public, physicians will increasingly be asked by patients about the importance of this source of infection compared with other sources of infection.
Can music with prosocial lyrics heal the working world? A field intervention in a call center (2014)

Music with lyrics about helping is shown to reduce aggression in the laboratory. This paper tests whether the prosocial lyric effect generalizes to reducing customer aggression in the workplace. A field experiment involved changing the hold music played to customers of a call center. The results of a 3 week study suggested that music significantly affected customers, but not in the way suggested by previous laboratory experiments; compared with days when instrumental background music was played, caller anger and employee exhaustion were lower on days when callers were played popular music with neutral, but not prosocial, lyrics. The findings suggest that music influences customer aggression, but that the prosocial lyric effect may not generalize from the laboratory to the call center.
Identification, characterization and interpretation of single‐nucleotide sequence variation in allopolyploid crop species (2011)

An understanding of nature and extent of nucleotide sequence variation is required for programmes of discovery and characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which provide the most versatile class of molecular genetic marker. A majority of higher plant species are polyploids, and allopolyploidy, because of hybrid formation between closely related taxa, is very common. Mutational variation may arise both between allelic (homologous) sequences within individual subgenomes and between homoeologous sequences among subgenomes, in addition to paralogous variation between duplicated gene copies. Successful SNP validation in allopolyploids depends on differentiation of the sequence variation classes. A number of biological factors influence the feasibility of discrimination, including degree of gene family complexity, inbreeding or outbreeding reproductive habit, and the level of knowledge concerning progenitor diploid species. In addition, developments in high-throughput DNA sequencing and associated computational analysis provide general solutions for the genetic analysis of allopolyploids. These issues are explored in the context of experience from a range of allopolyploid species, representing grain (wheat and canola), forage (pasture legumes and grasses), and horticultural (strawberry) crop. Following SNP discovery, detection in routine genotyping applications also presents challenges for allopolyploids. Strategies based on either design of subgenome-specific SNP assays through homoeolocus-targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, or detection of incremental changes in nucleotide variant dosage, are described.
[Aspirin-induced asthma and arachidonic acid metabolites. In search of answers to an enigma. Part 2]. (1994)

Acetylsalicylic acid is one of the most commonly used drugs and high on the list of causes of drug reactions. Since early publication on 1902 by Hirschberg, a great deal of information has emerged on aspirin sensitivity, including data on epidemiology, further characterization of the two major subtypes of sensitivity (bronchospastic and urticarial types), hereditary aspects, cross-reactions to other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and methods of desensitization. Although the pathogenesis of aspirin-sensitive asthma remains unknown, several theories has been proposed to explain the disease enigma.
Bis-Reduktone aus 3.4-Dihydroxy-dicarbonsäure-(2.5)-estern des Furans, Thiophens,<i>N</i>-Phenyl-pyrrols und Selenophens (1957)

Article Bis-Reduktone aus 3.4-Dihydroxy-dicarbonsäure-(2.5)-estern des Furans, Thiophens, N-Phenyl-pyrrols und Selenophens was published on January 1, 1957 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 306, issue Jahresband).
Lectures on Probability, Entropy, and Statistical Physics (2008)

These lectures deal with the problem of inductive inference, that is, the problem of reasoning under conditions of incomplete information. Is there a general method for handling uncertainty? Or, at least, are there rules that could in principle be followed by an ideally rational mind when discussing scientific matters? What makes one statement more plausible than another? How much more plausible? And then, when new information is acquired how do we change our minds? Or, to put it differently, are there rules for learning? Are there rules for processing information that are objective and consistent? Are they unique? And, come to think of it, what, after all, is information? It is clear that data contains or conveys information, but what does this precisely mean? Can information be conveyed in other ways? Is information physical? Can we measure amounts of information? Do we need to? Our goal is to develop the main tools for inductive inference--probability and entropy--from a thoroughly Bayesian point of view and to illustrate their use in physics with examples borrowed from the foundations of classical statistical physics.
Dynamics of Thyroid-Stimulating and -Blocking Antibodies to the Thyrotropin Receptor in a Murine Model of Graves’ Disease (2004)

Graves' disease is characterized by the presence of autoantibodies to the TSH receptor (TSHR). There are multiple antibodies to the TSHR, with thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAbs) and TSH-stimulating blocking antibodies (TSBAbs), which in patients can fluctuate over time, resulting in changes in disease activity. Recently, animal models of Graves' disease have been developed, but it is not known whether the induced TSAbs and TSBAbs change spontaneously with time to influence disease. We used fibroblasts expressing major histocompatability complex (MHC) class II and human TSHR murine model to study anti-TSHR antibody patterns in serial bleeds of 23 animals. Anti-TSHR antibody responses were first detectable after 7-8 wk of first immunization. Moreover, the pattern of the TSAbs or TSBAbs was selected early in the response. The majority of the animals showed anti-TSHR antibodies that were either TSAb or TSBAb responses and were maintained throughout the course of 17-24 wk of the experiment. Remarkably, a proportion of mice (13%) displayed presence of antibodies with both TSAbs and TSBAbs, which appeared to cycle over time and thus mimic the fluctuations described in some hyperthyroid patients. Analyses of the linear epitopes to TSHR by peptide scanning showed that there was no early restricted epitope response. Thus, despite using an inbred strain, the initial response appears to target different regions of the receptor in different animals. Our data show that anti-TSHR antibody epitopes in the model display heterogeneity in TSHR epitopes, which vary in individual animals as well as in their regulation.
HeidelTime: High Quality Rule-Based Extraction and Normalization of Temporal Expressions (2010)

In this paper, we describe HeidelTime, a system for the extraction and normalization of temporal expressions. HeidelTime is a rule-based system mainly using regular expression patterns for the extraction of temporal expressions and knowledge resources as well as linguistic clues for their normalization. In the TempEval-2 challenge, HeidelTime achieved the highest F-Score (86%) for the extraction and the best results in assigning the correct value attribute, i.e., in understanding the semantics of the temporal expressions. 1
The<i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe rhp3<sup>+</sup></i>gene required for DNA repair and cell viability is functionally interchangeable with the<i>RAD3</i>gene of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1992)

The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for excision repair and is essential for cell viability. RAD3 encoded protein possesses a single stranded DNA-dependent ATPase and DNA and DNA.RNA helicase activities. Mutational studies have indicated a requirement for the RAD3 helicase activities in excision repair. To examine the extent of conservation of structure and function of RAD3 during eukaryotic evolution, we have cloned the RAD3 homolog, rhp3+, from the distantly related yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. RAD3 and rhp3+ encoded proteins are highly similar, sharing 67% identical amino acids. We show that like RAD3, rhp3+ is indispensable for excision repair and cell viability, and our studies indicate a requirement of the putative rhp3+ DNA helicase activity in DNA repair. We find that the RAD3 and rhp3+ genes can functionally substitute for one another. The level of complementation provided by the rhp3+ gene in S.cerevisiae rad3 mutants or by the RAD3 gene in S.pombe rhp3 mutants is remarkable in that both the excision repair and viability defects in both yeasts are restored to wild type levels. These observations suggest a parallel evolutionary conservation of other protein components with which RAD3 interacts in mediating its DNA repair and viability functions.
A high speed 3.3V IO buffer with 1.9V tolerant CMOS process (1998)

This paper presents a 3.3V IO buffer design using 1.9V MOS transistors in 0.21µm process with 40Aogate oxide thickness. The circuit is implemented using cascoded MOS transistors between bond pad and power supply terminals. Gates of cascoded transistors are biased dynamically to alleviate the problem of reduction in reliability of MOS elements due to gate oxide stress during signal overshoots at the bond pad. Various design techniques are used in pre-driver circuits for voltage translation, low power, signal integrity and reliability of MOS components. The design has been successfully implemented in a 400MHz UltraSPARC microprocessor.
Faculty Information-Seeking Behaviour in the Changing ICT Environment: A Study of Commerce Colleges in Mumbai (2011)

Changing technologies have brought a more sophisticated and higher speed of communication. Academic libraries are responding to this change in the learning and research environment. It changes in the behaviour of library users. Libraries are adding new electronic information resources and bringing services for the benefit of users. Developments in ICT have made drastic changes in the way the information collected, stored, and distributed by libraries and accessed by users. Information-seeking behavior is expressed in various forms, from reading printed material to research and experimentation. Scholars, students, and faculty actively seek current information from the media available in libraries. This article studies characteristics of information-seeking behaviour of faculty of commerce colleges in Mumbai.
Rapid Production of Gene Replacement Constructs and Generation of a Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged Centromeric Marker in <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> (2004)

ABSTRACT A method to rapidly generate gene replacement constructs by fusion PCR is described for Aspergillus nidulans . The utility of the approach is demonstrated by green fluorescent protein (GFP) tagging of A. nidulans ndc80 to visualize centromeres through the cell cycle. The methodology makes possible large-scale GFP tagging, promoter swapping, and deletion analysis of A. nidulans .
The Evolution of Political Parties in Taiwan (1989)

(1989). The Evolution of Political Parties in Taiwan. Asian Affairs: An American Review: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 3-21.
Study, comparison and simulation of power system swing detection and prediction method (2004)

This paper describes several methods for detection and prediction of power swing phenomenon in power systems. The paper provides an overview of some conventional and new techniques. The apparent impedance of distance relays, phasor calculation and rotor angle estimation are several methods for detection of power swing, reviewed in this paper. A least square method for prediction of rotor angle is described. An algorithm for prediction of power swing based on the predicted rotor angle is studied. Results obtained from simulation studies are used to demonstrate the performance of these methods. Using simulation studies, performances of different methods are compared.
An Efficient Multimodal Language Processor for Parallel Input Strings in Multimodal Input Fusion (2007)

Multimodal user interaction technology aims at building more natural and intuitive interfaces allowing a user to interact with a computer in a way similar to human-to-human communication, for example, through speech and gesture. As a critical component in multimodal user interaction, multimodal input fusion explores the ways to effectively interpret the combined semantic interpretation of user inputs through multiple modalities. This paper proposes a new efficient unification-based multimodal language processor which can handle parallel input strings for multimodal input fusion. With a structure sharing technology, it has the potential to achieve a low polynomial computational complexity while parsing multimodal inputs in versatile styles. The applicability of the proposed processor has been validated through an experiment with multimodal commands collected from traffic incident management scenarios. The description of the proposed multimodal language processor and preliminary experiment results are presented.
A Re-triangulation algorithm in 3D building generalization (2010)

3D buildings triangulation is important in 3D triangulation and it will be widely used in 3D visualization,especially in 3D city models.Triangle is the base of 3D visualization;a re-triangulation algorithm is proposed to deal with the extra triangles in 3D building modeling and generalization.Two parts are includes in the algorithm: an outline finding algorithm based on neighboring triangle search and a triangulation algorithm of arbitrary polygon.Outline finding algorithm is the base of re-triangulation with planes of 3D objects;triangulation algorithm of arbitrary polygon can be used in many fields.
Radiation Physics and Reliability Issues in III-V Compound Semiconductor Nanoscale Heterostructure Devices (1999)

We have investigated the following three types of devices in this research program: (1) Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2) High Electron Mobility Transistors and (3) Resonant Tunneling Diodes. The following three types of radiation were used in our investigations: (a) Gamma radiation (b) Electron radiation and (c) Neutron radiation. Electrons constitute an important component of the trapped radiation in the earth's magnetic field (Van Allen's belt). Neutron and gamma radiation are encountered in the weapon's environment. Neutrons are also generated by the interaction of cosmic rays with earth's atmosphere.
Metatarsus adductus and hallux abducto valgus: their correlation. (1987)

Metatarsus adductus has long been suspected to contribute to hallux abducto valgus. This paper gives statistical evidence on the relationship between metatarsus adductus and hallux abducto valgus in an attempt to support this long held belief.
Fabrication and Characterization of the Plate-Shaped γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanocrystals (2002)

Plate-shaped γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals have been successfully prepared in a water system by a simple reduction−oxidation method at room temperature and under ambient pressure. The reactions contain two steps: first, Fe(II) is reduced into Fe atoms by γ-ray irradiation in nitrogen atmosphere; then, Fe atoms are oxidized into γ-Fe2O3 in air. XRD, TEM, EDXA, XPS, and Mössbauer spectrum were used to characterize the final product. The magnetic characterization showed that the γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals have a specific saturation magnetization of 83 emu/g and a coercivity of 320 Oe (25.5 kA/m). A possible formation mechanism of the plate-shaped γ-Fe2O3 nanocrystals was suggested.
A framework of Fuzzy Neural Network expert system for risk assessment of ERP projects (2011)

Risk is the potential for realization of undesirable consequences of an event. In other words, risk can be defined as the threat or probability that an action or event will adversely or beneficially affect an organization's ability to achieve its objectives. Implementation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) projects are always accompanied by various risks and because of high rate of failure in such projects, managing of the risks in order to neutralize or at least decrease their effects on the success of the project is strongly essential. In this paper it is introduced a two stage Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) which includes expertise to evaluate risk of ERP projects implementation. 18 risk factors are concluded from literature and for each of them two linguistic variables are considered: the probability of failure and the severity of impact. These variables are the inputs of first stage of the proposed FNN. The outputs of first stage, which are also the inputs of second stage, are values of ERP risk factors. Eventually, output of second stage is total risk of implementation of ERP project and it is derived from a feed-forward neural network. The architecture of the proposed framework and the development procedure are discussed, and numerical examples are provided.
Load stepping schemes for critical state models (2000)

This paper investigates the performance of various load-stepping schemes for finite element analysis with critical state soil models. The accuracy of simple incremental schemes is found to be strongly influenced by the load increment size, the type of flow rule, and the overconsolidation ratio. Similarly, these factors are shown to have a pronounced effect on the efficiency and stability of some classical iterative schemes. Unless they are performed with small load steps, critical state analyses with fixed increment sizes frequently exhibit non-convergent behaviour or lead to inaccurate solutions. The automatic incrementation schemes developed by Abbo and Sloan (International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 1996; 39:1737–1759; Proceedings of 5th International Conference, Owen DRJ, Onate E, Hinton E. International Center for Numerical Methods in Engineering, Barcelona, 1997; 1:325–333), which are based on standard methods for integrating systems of ordinary differential equations, are shown to be efficient, accurate and robust solution techniques for a wide variety of critical state problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elektrolytische Regeneration von Chromsäure (1963)

Abstract Chromschwefelsäure wird bei den Farbwerken Hoechst zur Oxydation von Rohmontanwachs benutzt. Die verbrauchte Säure wird anschließend elektrolytisch regeneriert und in den Prozeß zurückgeführt. – Es werden die elektrochemischen Vorgänge diskutiert und die Betriebsbedingungen sowie der Energie‐Verbrauch bei der technischen Durchführung des Verfahrens behandelt.
Surface Feature Interpolation on Two-Dimensional Time-Space Maps (1977)

A procedure is described for interpolating surface features on a map based on a two-dimensional time-space configuration of points. Initially an objective procedure is used to give a best fit of a previously obtained time-space configuration of points to the physical configuration of the same points. The resultant set of vectors, each of which shows the residual displacement between a point in time space and physical space, is used as the basis of a fast, objective procedure for interpolating any other points or lines in the time space. This enables such things to be shown as the time-space distortion of an urban street network or of a square graticule from physical space. The process can also be reversed so that, for example, the solution points of a facility location problem solved in time space can be converted to their equivalent locations in physical space.
SockMi: a solution for migrating TCP/IP connections (2007)

SockMi is a solution for the migration of TCP/IP connections between Linux systems. Only the migrating peer of the connection needs to reside on a Linux system. The migration is completely transparent to the other peer that can reside on a system running any operating system. Our solution does not require changes to existing Linux kernel data structures and algorithms and can be activated in any phase of the connection. Both 2.4 and 2.6 versions of the Linux kernel are supported.
Remission of nephrotic syndrome in amyloidosis associated with a hypernephroma. (1989)

Nephrotic syndrome due to renal amyloidosis in association with hypernephroma underwent gradual but complete remission with loss of proteinuria after unilateral nephrectomy. Remission persisted for over five years despite the development of intracranial metastatic disease and the administration of dexamethasone, but relapse occurred 6 months before eventual death. This case history appears to be unique amongst the descriptions of tumor-associated amyloidosis.