gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Monte Carlo Simulation of Phase Separation Dynamics of Polymer Blends in the Presence of a Block Copolymer. 3. Effect of Interaction Energies among Constituent Segments (1997)

A Monte Carlo simulation has been performed on the dynamics of phase separation of A/B immiscible polymer blends to which various C-b-D diblock copolymers with repulsive interactions between the blocks and homopolymers were added. For comparison, the results for a blend containing a block copolymer with attractive interactions are also presented. It is found that even the block copolymer with repulsive interactions between the blocks and the homopolymers still has a retardation effect on the phase separation. This effect may arise from strong interfacial activity that is due to the competitive interactions of the blocks with the different homopolymers. The phase separation proceeds by following the usual spinodal decomposition process, and thus the scaling law between the first moment of the structure factor and the time, q1(t) ∝ t-1/3, can be applied in the later stage of separation. By analyzing the changes in the linear dimensions and the contact numbers of the block copolymers with the phase separation time, we investigate the effects of the type of block copolymer interaction and its relative strength on the interfacial activity and the consequent retardation of separation.
Adaptive Control of Eye Movements: Clinical Implications (1994)

This paper is directed primarily to clinicians who diagnose and treat patients with neurological disorders. It is an attempt to illustrate that even with modern imaging technology and other advances in laboratory testing, a thorough understanding of neurophysiology and its anatomical substrate still plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with neurological diseases. One area in neurophysiology in which there has been great progress in the last few decades is the ocular motor system. Particular interest has been focused on the ways that the brain can adapt to lesions, and more specifically, how the ocular motor system keeps itself calibrated in the face of normal development and aging as well as in response to disease and trauma. Since disorders of eye movements are such common and often dramatic manifestations of neurological disease it seems appropriate to bring some of the newer concepts in ocular motor physiology to the "bedside".
Downregulation of bradykinin B<sub>2</sub>receptor in human fibroblasts during prolonged agonist exposure (2003)

Sustained activation of G protein-coupled receptors results in an attenuation of cellular responses, a phenomenon termed desensitization. Whereas mechanisms for rapid desensitization of ligand-receptor-G protein-effector systems are relatively well characterized, much less is known about long-term adaptation processes that occur in the continuous presence of an agonist. Here we have studied the fate of endogenously expressed bradykinin B(2) receptors on human fibroblasts during prolonged agonist treatment. Stimulation with bradykinin for up to 24 h resulted in a 50% reduction of surface binding sites that was paralleled by a similar decrease of total B(2) receptor protein followed by Western blotting using monoclonal antibodies to the B(2) receptor. Whereas B(2) receptor mRNA levels did not change during 24 h of agonist treatment, B(2) receptor de novo synthesis was attenuated by 35-50%, indicating translational control of B(2) receptor levels. Furthermore, the half-life of B(2) receptor protein was shortened by 20-40% as shown by (35)S-labeled pulse-chase and immunoprecipitation experiments. This study demonstrates that bradykinin B(2) receptor expression during long-term agonist treatment is primarily regulated on the (post)translational level, i.e., by attenuation of de novo synthesis and by reduction of receptor stability.
Large area laser interference patterning for periodic growth of individual ZnO nanowires (2010)

The growth of semiconductor ZnO nanowires in a periodic fashion is of great interest for many applications such as solar cells, field emission devices, light emitting diodes, and piezo-nanogenerators. Novel laser interference lithography techniques for the site-selective growth of ZnO nanowires on Gallium Nitride (GaN) substrate are described. A nanosecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser with 266nm wavelength is used in the experiments. Both laser interference ablation of GaN substrates and laser interference lithography of photoresist masks on GaN substrates are conducted to control the position and periodicity of grown individual ZnO nanowires. Simulations of both processes are presented. The nanowires, grown using a low temperature hydrothermal decomposition method on both types of substrates, follow the designed pattern, with a high degree of control in size, dimensionality, and uniformity. Well patterned and aligned individual ZnO nanowires on areas spanning one square-centimeter scale and onesquare-decimeter scale can be achieved by laser interference ablation and lithography respectively.
Temperature Dependent Characterization of GaAs MESFETs (1992)

A procedure is described that uses precise on-wafer measurements, to extract accurate temperature dependent MESFET models. New results, presented here, explore the temperature dependence of small signal equivalent circuit parameters (ECPs) for some typical MESFET devices, and show excellent agreement between modelled and measured S-parameters for FETs and monolithic mm-wave amplifiers over temperature. A comparison to a new theoretically derived temperature model is also given. The presented work includes new results, on the temperature dependence of ECP elements for a 0.25mm × 400mm MESFET, and a 0.5mm × 300mm MESFET. Models based on these results are shown to produce an accurate prediction of temperature effects on FET, and FET based MMIC amplifier, small signal performance. The method can be employed to develop temperature dependent CAD foundry models for MESFETs. The information from these models can be used in concert with numerical and theoretical analyses to develop much needed fundamental understanding of temperature dependent FET behavior at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies, and the physical device parameters that influence this behavior. As a step in this direction, experimentally observed ECP variations are correlated here with predictions from a newly developed theoretical temperature model for MESFETs.
Metabolism of <sup>14</sup>C‐buthidazole in corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) and redroot pigweed (<i>Amaranthus retroflexus</i> L.)* (1982)

Summary The pattern of buthidazole {3‐[5‐(1,1‐dimethyl ethyl)‐1,3,4‐ thiadiazol ‐2‐y1]‐4‐hydroxy‐1‐methyl‐2‐imidazolidinone} metabolism and its potential contribution to crop selectivity were studied in tolerant corn ( Zea mays L., ‘Pioneer 3780’) and susceptible redroot pigweed ( Amaranthus retroflexus L). Thin‐Layer Chromatographic (TLC) analysis of methanol soluble extracts revealed that both corn and redroot pigweed seedlings metabolized buthidazole in a similar manner but at different rates. At comparable time periods redroot pigweed contained a greater percentage of unmetabolized 14 C‐buthidazole than did corn. A major unidentified metabolite with polar properties was formed faster in corn that in redroot pigweed and appeared to be important for the observed crop selectivity of buthidazole. Additional metabolites of buthidazole formed in both species had TLC properties similar to those of the amine, urea, and dihydroxy derivatives of buthidazole.
The Ulam Index: Methods of Theoretical Computer Science Help in Identifying Chemical Substances (1997)

In this paper, we show how methods developed for solving a theoretical computer problem of graph isomorphism are used in structural chemistry. We also discuss potential applications of these methods to exobiology: the search for life outside Earth.
Phylogenetic Analyses of Bacterial Communities Developed in a Cassette-Electrode Microbial Fuel Cell (2009)

Quantitative and qualitative differences were analyzed between planktonic and anode-biofilm bacterial communities developed in a cassette-electrode microbial fuel cell treating starch, peptone, and fish extract. Quantitative analyses based on protein contents and rRNA-gene copy numbers indicated that planktonic microbes were over eight-times more abundant than anode-biofilm microbes. Clone-library analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments revealed the presence of bacteria affiliated with the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria in these two communities. The most abundant sequence was affiliated with the family Porphyromonadaceae, and accounted for over 50% and 20% of all the sequences in the planktonic- and biofilm-microbe libraries, respectively.
Wettability of hydrogels I. Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (1975)

The wettability characteristics of the contact lens material, PHEMA, with respect to water have been determined by using the sessile drop, and the captive air bubble techniques of contact angle goniometry. It is concluded that on PHEMA gels water does not spread spontaneously. Large hysteresis has been observed in the advancing and receding contact angles. This suggests that this hydrogel surface is capable of changing its free energy through reorientation of the polymer side chains and chain segments depending on the nature of the adjacent phase. The water content of the gels does not appear to have an effect on water wettability in the hydration range investigated. The minor wettability differences among the various gels studied were most likely due to differences in surface structure and segmental mobility due to inherent variations in the method of preparation. Small but consistent differences were found between the contact angles measured by the captive bubble method and those obtained by the sessile drop method, the former values being higher. These differences may not be method-related artifacts and cannot be explained at the present time.
Human innate lymphoid cell precursors express CD48 that modulates ILC differentiation through 2B4 signaling (2020)

Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) develop from common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs), which further differentiate into the common ILC progenitor (CILP) that can give rise to both ILCs and natural killer (NK) cells. Murine ILC intermediates have recently been characterized, but the human counterparts and their developmental trajectories have not yet been identified, largely due to the lack of homologous surface receptors in both organisms. Here, we show that human CILPs (CD34<sup>+</sup>CD117<sup>+</sup>α4β7<sup>+</sup>Lin<sup>-</sup>) acquire CD48 and CD52, which define NK progenitors (NKPs) and ILC precursors (ILCPs). Two distinct NK cell subsets were generated in vitro from CD34<sup>+</sup>CD117<sup>+</sup>α4β7<sup>+</sup>Lin<sup>-</sup>CD48<sup>-</sup>CD52<sup>+</sup> and CD34<sup>+</sup>CD117<sup>+</sup>α4β7<sup>+</sup>Lin<sup>-</sup>CD48<sup>+</sup>CD52<sup>+</sup> NKPs, respectively. Independent of NKPs, ILCPs exist in the CD34<sup>+</sup>CD117<sup>+</sup>α4β7<sup>+</sup>Lin<sup>-</sup>CD48<sup>+</sup>CD52<sup>+</sup> subset and give rise to ILC1s, ILC2s, and NCR<sup>+</sup> ILC3s, whereas CD34<sup>+</sup>CD117<sup>+</sup>α4β7<sup>+</sup>Lin<sup>-</sup>CD48<sup>+</sup>CD52<sup>-</sup> ILCPs give rise to a distinct subset of ILC3s that have lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like properties. In addition, CD48-expressing CD34<sup>+</sup>CD117<sup>+</sup>α4β7<sup>+</sup>Lin<sup>-</sup> precursors give rise to tissue-associated ILCs in vivo. We also observed that the interaction of 2B4 with CD48 induced differentiation of ILC2s, and together, these findings show that expression of CD48 by human ILCPs modulates ILC differentiation.
Partial Stereochemical Assignment of Quartromicins A<sub>3</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> (2002)

[structure: see text]. A partial stereochemical assignment of quartromicins A3 (R = alpha-D-galactosyl) and D3 (R = H, M+ = Na+, K+, Ca+) is presented.
Highly Unsaturated Platinum and Palladium Carbenes PtC<sub>3</sub> and PdC<sub>3</sub> Isolated and Characterized in the Gas Phase (2016)

Carbenes of platinum and palladium, PtC<sub>3</sub> and PdC<sub>3</sub>, were generated in the gas phase through laser vaporization of a metal target in the presence of a low concentration of a hydrocarbon precursor undergoing supersonic expansion. Rotational spectroscopy and ab initio calculations confirm that both molecules are linear. The geometry of PtC<sub>3</sub> was accurately determined by fitting to the experimental moments of inertia of twenty-six isotopologues. The results are consistent with the proposal of an autogenic isolobal relationship between O, Au<sup>+</sup>, and Pt atoms.
Cell biology of acrosomal proteins: Zellbiologie akrosomaler Proteine (2009)

Acrosin is a multifunctional enzyme combining several functional properties within a single molecule: the catalytic triad of the proteinase, hydrophobic domains responsible for the special membrane-associating character of the enzyme and the carbohydrate binding sites by which the molecule can bind to the zona pellucida. Acrosin occurs in the sperm acrosome as an inactive precursor, proacrosin, with a molecular mass of 53-55 kDa. Proacrosin is activated by a single proteolytic clip between Arg23 and Val24 generating the high molecular mass acrosin. The activation of proacrosin to the biologically active enzyme which occurs concomitantly with the acrosome reaction appears to be regulated on and by the zona pellucida. It is hypothesized that alternating cycles of binding to the zona, digestion of the zona and release from the zona together with the forward motility of the spermatozoon would be required to achieve penetration.
Suboptimal Monitoring and Dosing of Unfractionated Heparin in Comparative Studies with Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin (2003)

Most studies monitored unfractionated heparin inappropriately. This shortcoming could be responsible for the reduced efficacy of unfractionated heparin in clinical trials.
Anomalous hall effect in the In1 − x Mn x Sb dilute magnetic semiconductor with MnSb inclusions (2015)

We study InSb:Mn polycrystals with different values of the Mn content. In these samples, two ferromagnetic phases have been found: MnSb nanoinclusions with T C ≈ 600 K and an InMnSb magnetic host with T C below 10 K. The magnetic field dependence obtained for the measured Hall resistance exhibits a nonlinear behavior within a wide temperature range. At high temperatures, such a behavior can be attributed to the existence of two types of charge carriers, namely, light and heavy holes. At temperatures below the Curie point of the InMnSb host, the anomalous Hall effect contributing to the nonlinearity of the Hall resistance has been observed. Ferromagnetic MnSb inclusions do not contribute to the anomalous Hall effect. They do not lead to any spin polarization of charge carriers owing to the Schottky barrier, which surrounds these inclusions and prevents their interaction with charge carriers. A method has been proposed for distinguishing the anomalous Hall component in the case where the Hall resistance includes a nonlinear contribution of a different nature.
Anodische Dimerisierung von Enoläthern (1974)

Abstract Acht Enoläther werden in einer ungeteilten Zelle an einer Graphitanode in Methanol/2,6‐ Lutidin/Natriumperchlorat in Ausbeuten zwischen 30 und 60% zu Acetalen von 1,4‐Dicarbonylverbindungen dimerisiert. Die voltammetrischen Daten: elektrochemische Reaktion 1. Ordnung bezüglich Enoläther, elektrochemische Reaktion nullter Ordnung bezüglich Methanol und n α = 1 sowie die Schwanz‐Schwanz‐Verknüpfung der Enoläther legen einen Reaktionsverlauf über Enoläther‐Radikalkationen nahe. Die Kupplung über Methoxy‐Radikale ist unwahrscheinlich. Die Halbwellenpotentiale der Enoläther sind über E 1/2 = 1.72 + A (V gegen Ag/AgCl) abschätzbar, wobei A = − 0.3 bzw. −0.45 V für Substitution von H gegen ein bzw. zwei Alkylgruppen und + 0.4 V für Ersatz von H gegen CO 2 Ät beträgt.
Sequence and Binding Activity of the Autolysin-Adhesin Ami from Epidemic <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> 4b (2004)

Ami is an autolytic amidase from Listeria monocytogenes that is targeted to the bacterial surface via its C-terminal cell wall anchoring (CWA) domain. We recently showed that the CWA domain from Ami of L. monocytogenes EGD (serovar 1/2a) (Ami 1/2a) mediated bacterial binding to mammalian cells. Here we studied the sequence and binding properties of Ami from CHUT 82337 (serovar 4b) (Ami 4b). The Ami 4b polypeptide is predicted to be 770 amino acids long (compared with the 917 amino acids of Ami 1/2a from EGD). Ami 1/2a and Ami 4b are almost identical in the N-terminal enzymatic domain (approximately 98% amino acid identity), but the sequence is poorly conserved in the C-terminal CWA domain, with only approximately 54% amino acid identity and eight GW modules in Ami 1/2a compared with six GW modules in Ami 4b. The purified Ami 4b CWA domain efficiently bound serovar 4b bacterial cells and only poorly bound serovar 1/2a bacterial cells. The Ami 4b CWA domain was also significantly less able to bind Hep-G2 human hepatocytic cells than the Ami 1/2a CWA domain. We sequenced the ami regions encoding CWA domains of reference strains belonging to the 12 L. monocytogenes serovars. The phylogenic tree constructed from the sequences yielded a binary division into group I (serovars 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, and 7) and group II (serovars 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e). This is the first direct evidence of divergence between serovars 1/2a and 4b in a gene involved in the adhesion of L. monocytogenes to mammalian cells, as well as the first demonstration of allelic polymorphism correlated with the somatic antigen in this species.
Creation of Value through the Transformation Program in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (2014)

The Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) of Malaysia has launched its transformationinitiative, called National Higher Education Strategic Plan (NHESP) that sets the foundationtowards attaining merit and sustainability for the higher education system beyond 2020. Oneof the initiatives is for one Malaysian university to be in the top 50 of world ranking. UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM) has decided to go for this challenge.To achieve this objective, UTMhas to set a very clear and tangible target by setting challenging Key Performance Indicators(KPI). This paper summarizes the transformation initiatives that UTM undertook since 2009,the lesson learnt and good practices that other institutions of higher learning could adopt.
Final report on CCQM-K62: Nutrients in infant/adult formula—Vitamins (2010)

Key comparison CCQM-K62 was designed to enable demonstration of the equivalence in capabilities for measurement of vitamins in a food matrix. A milk-based fortified human infant/adult formula was selected as the matrix based upon material availability and relevance. Because vitamins were added to the CCQM-K62 study material in a single form and at levels significantly higher than those that would be naturally occurring in the milk base, the ability of a laboratory to measure the study vitamins is only indicative of a laboratory's ability to measure vitamins in fortified foods. Target analytes were selected for study because of the ready availability of suitable standard materials and the range of their chemical properties: folic acid (vitamin B9) is a single water-soluble molecular entity that typically occurs at low levels and can be unstable, niacin (vitamin B3) is a single stable molecular entity and is typically present at higher concentrations than the other water-soluble vitamins, vitamin A has multiple molecular forms (including retinol and retinyl palmitate), is fat-soluble and typically occurs at relatively high levels. Results for participants measuring only folic acid or niacin are only indicative of their ability to make that measurement; results for participants measuring both folic acid and niacin are indicative of a laboratory's ability to measure folic acid, thiamine, niacin, and riboflavin in fortified foods but not vitamin C or other water-soluble vitamins. The ability to measure vitamin A (reported as retinol equivalents) in this material is also indicative of the participant's ability to measure vitamin E (as alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocopheryl acetate) but is not indicative of the ability to measure vitamins D and K, which typically occur at much lower concentrations. The relative degrees of equivalence of the reported measurements for all three analytes in CCQM-K62 were within 10%; however, since only two results were submitted for niacin and vitamin A and one of the three results for folic acid was withdrawn, no strong conclusions as to the expected comparability of higher-order vitamin measurements can be established. Main text. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/. The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (MRA).
WLN 2014 (2014)

Welcome to the 13th success of the IEEE Wireless Local Networks (WLN) workshop, held in conjunction with the 39th IEEE Local Computer Networks Conference in Edmonton, Canada.
Nucleic Acid Metabolism in HeLa S3 Cells after X-Ray-Induced Mitotic Delay (1960)

The nucleic acid metabolism of HeLa S3 cells after x-radiation-induced mitotic delay was investigated. A depression in the percentage of cells in DNA synthesis accompanies resumption of mitosis, but is followed by a return to near- normal values in the evolving glant-cell populatlon. As the number of cells in the population decreases, owing to abortive divisions, the percentage of cells in synthesis slowly decreases. One of the effects of irraddation appears to be a mixing of the cells in the S and G/sub 2/phases of the population at the time of irradiation, so that cells from both compartments are in the population of cells that begin dividing after mitotic delay. The metabolism of RNA is little affected by doses of nediation up to 1500 r, and for times up to at least 14 days after the irradiation. After a short incubatlon with tritiated cytidine, the norrmal sequence of chromatin, nucleolar, and cytoplasmic labeling occurs in qulalitatively the same manner in almost all irradiated cells, even the huge glants foumd 7 to 14 days after irradiation, as it does in unirradiated controls.
A genetic approach to trace neural circuits (1999)

Mammalian nervous system function involves billions of neurons which are interconnected in a multitude of neural circuits. Here we describe a genetic approach to chart neural circuits. By using an olfactory-specific promoter, we selectively expressed barley lectin in sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium and vomeronasal organ of transgenic mice. The lectin was transported through the axons of those neurons to the olfactory bulb, transferred to the bulb neurons with which they synapse, and transported through the axons of bulb neurons to the olfactory cortex. The lectin also was retrogradely transported from the bulb to neuromodulatory brain areas. No evidence could be obtained for adverse effects of the lectin on odorant receptor gene expression, sensory axon targeting in the bulb, or the generation or transmission of signals by olfactory sensory neurons. Transneuronal transfer was detected prenatally in the odor-sensing pathway, but only postnatally in the pheromone-sensing pathway, suggesting that odors, but not pheromones, may be sensed in utero. Our studies demonstrate that a plant lectin can serve as a transneuronal tracer when its expression is genetically targeted to a subset of neurons. This technology can potentially be applied to a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate neural systems and may be particularly valuable for mapping connections formed by small subsets of neurons and for studying the development of connectivity as it occurs in utero.