gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identifying Shades of Green: The SPECpower Benchmarks (2009)

To drive energy efficiency initiatives, SPEC established SPECpower_ssj2008, the first industry-standard benchmark for measuring power and performance characteristics of computer systems.
Expression of Fas/FasL in patients with oral lichen planus. (2010)

Downregulation of Fas expression in keratinocytes and lymphocytes of OLP specimens, together with upregulation of FasL, may serve as initial prognostic biomarker in oral cancer development.
Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–SiO<sub>2</sub>–P4VP pH‐Sensitive Microgel for Immobilization of Nickel Nanoparticles: An Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Nitrile Reduction in Water (2014)

Abstract Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were modified with (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane through silanization. An atom transfer radical polymerization‐initiating site immobilized onto amine‐functionalized Fe 3 O 4 MNPs. The surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine was then performed in the presence of Fe 3 O 4 –SiO 2 –Br nanoparticles, which led to the formation of Fe 3 O 4 –SiO 2 –P4VP [P4VP=poly(4‐vinylpyridine)] hybrid microgels cross‐linked with Fe 3 O 4 MNPs. Our approach uses polymer microgels as templates for the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs). The tunable properties of synthesized NiNPs@Fe 3 O 4 –SiO 2 –P4VP pH‐sensitive microgels were used in the catalytic reduction of aliphatic and aromatic nitriles. Moreover, the catalytic activity of metal nanocomposites that can be modulated by the volume transition of microgel structures with changing pH has been evaluated. TEM, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, XRD, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy were used to characterize the resultant catalyst.
Crystallization Controlled by the Geometry of a Surface (2009)

Crystallization is of great importance in fields as diverse as atmospheric chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. It starts with nucleation, the formation of a microscopic crystal. Here we study, via computer simulation, the heterogeneous nucleation of a crystal in wedge-shaped grooves in a surface. We find that nucleation in these grooves is many orders of magnitude faster than on a flat surface. We also find that there is an optimum wedge angle at which nucleation is fastest. Our observation that nucleation in grooves dominates that on flat surfaces not only explains the effectiveness of scratching a surface to induce crystallization but also allows us to see the microscopic behavior that underlies this common technique. We also show how it may also be possible to control the crystal form, the polymorph, by controlling the groove geometry to favor nucleation of the desired polymorph.
One-step immunoaffinity purification of active progesterone receptor. Further evidence in favor of the existence of a single steroid binding subunit (1985)

A very high capacity immunoaffinity matrix for the purification of progesterone receptor was prepared by cross-linking a monoclonal antireceptor antibody to protein A-Sepharose through the Fc fragment. The monoclonal antibody was selected for its property of losing affinity for the receptor at pH 10.5, i.e., in conditions where the receptor remains stable for extensive periods of time. This made it possible to elute active receptor form the immunosorbent. From crude rabbit uterine cytosol the steroid-receptor complexes were purified in a single step. A 1-mL column (containing 7 mg of monoclonal antibody) bound 1600 pmol of steroid-receptor complexes of which 79.5% were eluted. The overall yield of purification was 49%. The specific activity of the purified steroid-receptor complexes was 6.71 +/- 0.79 nmol of bound steroid/mg of protein (mean +/- SE of four experiments). The purified receptor consisted of a mixture of 110 000- and 79 000-dalton forms. The latter appeared to be produced by proteolysis of the larger form during purification since immunoblot experiments showed that, at the start of purification, the 110 000-dalton form was present in overwhelming majority (80-95%) in the uterine cytosol and that the 79 000-dalton form only appeared during purification. This conclusion was also supported by the peptide analysis of both forms of receptor: the purified receptor was denatured and labeled with 125I; the 110 000- and 79 000-dalton forms were isolated by gel electrophoresis in denaturing conditions and electroelution and were then submitted to mild or extensive digestions by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and protease V8 from Staphylococcus aureus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Anthology of Enterprise Policy in Ireland (2007)

Ruane and Gorg (1996: 37) remarked that 'any careful comparison of the Irish economy with other economies in the European Union immediately focuses on two key features of Ireland's pattern of industrial development: the enormous significance of foreign direct investment (FDI) and the very high export ratios in the Irish manufacturing sector among foreign-owned companies. These two features have not developed by accident, but are directly related to the industrial strategy which Ireland has pursued over the past forty years, namely, of promoting export-led growth in Irish manufacturing through various incentives and of encouraging foreign companies to establish manufacturing plants in Ireland, producing specifically for export markets'.
Chelating Agents in Medicine (1982)

In recent years there has been a growing awareness of the importance of trace metals in the environment, in their dichotomous role as essential nutritional factors on the one hand, and as toxic agents on the other. The apparent ambivalent nature of metal ions is shown as a continuum in a wide range dose-response curve. The response on the curve, being a function of dosage, covers survival of the organism through a deficiency state to normal health, toxicity, and death. This particular review deals with the toxic effects of this dose-response curve and the use of chelating agents to remove execessive quantities of metal ions which are producing toxic effects. The metals discussed include: (1) Heavy metal ions-lead, mercury, and cadmium; (2) essential trace metals in toxic excessive quantities-chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc; (3) less common toxic metal ions-aluminum, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, nickel, tellurium, thallium, and tin. Radioactive metals are also discussed. Chelation therapy is a form of treatment aimed at removing a metal ion from a molecular site at which it is producing a bio chemical lesion. The in vivo stability of a metal chelate is affected by its stability constant, hydrogen ion concentration (pH), competition for and by other metal ions and ligands, tendency of the metal to form insoluble hydroxides, distribution and metabolism of the chelate, and competition of endogenous biochemicals for complexing the metal ion. Speciation studies greatly assist this assessment. Effective chelation therapy depends upon the selection of an appropriate chelating agent for the controlled removal of an undesirable metal ion. The ligands most commonly used in metal ion detoxification include dimercaprol or BAL, unithiol, penicillamine, polyaminocarboxylic acids (EDTA series), desferrioxamine, and dithizone. Toxicity is generally a function of either the metal chelate or of the ligand removing essential metal ions. Chelation therapy is a safe procedure when properly administered. Toxic reactions are most commonly encountered when the clinician uses excessive dosages too rapidly. Chelation therapy should be administered slowly and the treatments spaced with sufficient time lapsing to permit the body to adjust, and the trace element status of the patient monitored throughout.
An optimal solution to the secure reader-writer problem (2003)

A synchronization mechanism that communicates information from a writer to a reader without permitting information flow in the reverse direction is presented. The synchronization mechanism takes advantage of a priori knowledge of the semantics of communicated information and is optimal because it does not require blocking, busy wait states, an unbounded number of rereads of data, or inefficient use of system resources. The mechanism has been implemented in the Trusted Mach (TMach) operating system's file system. The TMach's file system is described, and it is shown how performance is enhanced through the use of the synchronization mechanism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of Uncertainty Assessment Methods (2001)

Abstract Uncertainty in future reservoir performance is usually evaluated from the simulated performance of a small number of reservoir models. Unfortunately, most of the methods for generating reservoir models conditional to production data are known to create a distribution of realizations that is only approximately correct. The adequacy of the approximations is unknown, although several previous investigations of the approximate algorithms have suggested that the distributions of realizations could be badly misleading. In this paper, we evaluate the ability of the various sampling methods to correctly assess the uncertainty in reservoir predictions by comparing the distribution of realizations with a standard distribution from a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. This study compares the ensemble of realizations from five sampling algorithms for a synthetic, one-dimensional, single-phase flow problem, in order to establish the best algorithm under controlled conditions. The small test problem was chosen in order that a large enough number of realizations could be generated from each method to ensure the statistical validity of the comparisons. Five thousand realizations were generated from each of the approximate sampling algorithms. The approximate sampling methods evaluated were linearization about the maximum a posteriori model (the square-root of the covariance matrix method), randomized maximum likelihood, and two two pilot point methods with six and nine pilot points locations. Realizations were also generated by a Markov chain Monte Carlo method with local perturbations and an attempt was made to generate realizations from a rejection sampling algorithm. The distributions of realizations from the approximate methods were compared to the distributions from the exact, methods. While the approximate sampling methods performed relatively well for evaluating uncertainty in average reservoir porosity and effective steady-state permeability, most failed to adequately assess uncertainty in some other function of the reservoir model such as the distribution of extreme permeability values or the data mismatch. In general, the method of randomized maximum likelihood performed better than other approximate methods.
Using life coaching techniques to enhance leadership skills in nursing. (2009)

This article describes a recent initiative, which used life-coaching to develop strong leadership skills and empower individual team members and the team as a whole. A three-stage process was used to enable a team of nurses in a GP practice to improve working relationships, leadership skills and stress management.
Face Lifting: Problems, Solutions, and an Outcome Study (2000)

Discussion by Jack A. Friedland, M.D. Received for publication September 29, 1999. Jack A. Friedland, M.D. 101 East Coronado Road Phoenix, Ariz. 85004-1556 [email protected]
Contrast Stretching Recursively Separated Histogram Equalization for Brightness Preservation and Contrast Enhancement (2009)

Contrast enhancement of an image can efficiently performed by histogram equalization. However, this method tends to introduce unnecessary visual deterioration such as saturation effect. One of the solutions to overcome this weakness is by preserving the mean brightness of the input image inside the output image. This paper proposes a new histogram equalization method called contrast stretching recursively separated histogram equalization (CSRSHE), for brightness preservation and image contrast enhancement. This algorithm applies a two stage approach: 1) A new intensity is assigned to each pixel according to an adaptive transfer function that is designed on the basis of the global and local statistics of the input image. 2) Performing recursive mean separate histogram equalization based on a modified local contrast stretching manipulation. We show that compared to other existent methods, CSRSHE preserves the image brightness more accurately and produces images with better contrast enhancement.
Holoprosencephaly due to mutations in ZIC2: alanine tract expansion mutations may be caused by parental somatic recombination (2001)

We report on the prevalence of mutations in the zinc finger transcription factor gene, ZIC2, in a group of 509 unrelated individuals with isolated holoprosencephaly (HPE) and normal chromosomes. Overall, we encountered 16 HPE patients (from 15 unrelated families) with ZIC2 mutations. Thus, ZIC2 mutation was the apparent cause of HPE in 3-4% of cases. Seven mutations were frameshifts that were predicted to result in loss of function, further supporting the idea that ZIC2 haploinsufficiency can result in HPE. One mutation, an alanine tract expansion which is caused by the expansion of an imperfect trinucleotide repeat, occurred in seven patients from six different families. In three of those families, the father was found to be apparently mosaic for the mutation. We hypothesize that this mutation can arise through errors in somatic recombination, an extremely unusual mutation mechanism. In addition, one mutation resulted in a single amino acid change and one mutation was an in-frame deletion of 12 amino acids. The central nervous system malformations seen in patients with ZIC2 mutations ranged from alobar HPE (most common) to middle interhemispheric fusion defect (one case). Although severe facial anomalies are common in HPE, all of the patients with ZIC2 mutations had relatively normal faces, suggesting that ZIC2 mutations represent a large proportion of HPE cases without facial malformation.
Understanding transition performance during offshore IT outsourcing (2011)

Purpose Within an IT outsourcing relationship, transition represents a critical and complex phase that starts immediately after contract signing. Transition involves handing over outsourced activities from client firm to service provider firm and accompanies a new way of operating. The purpose of this paper is to determine and detail factors influencing the performance of transition phase within global IT outsourcing relationships. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors present a framework for transition performance that includes four factors: transition planning, knowledge transfer, transition governance and retained organization. This framework is tested and enriched by utilizing a single, in‐depth case study involving over 25 interviews with a global offshore IT outsourcing engagement. Findings It was found that knowledge transfer and transition governance are more critical factors than transition planning and retained organization for transition performance. This was due mainly to two reasons: the critical challenges faced, within the scope of these factors, had higher potential to disrupt transition; and both these factors and their related issues required a significant joint and coordinated effort from client and service provider firms, thereby, making implementation challenging for transition. Originality/value Practitioners have suggested that over two‐thirds of failed outsourcing relationships are due to transition‐related challenges. This paper represents one of the first in‐depth studies that provides insights from a real‐life global outsourcing engagement, which contributes to and complements existing literature on IT outsourcing by providing a greater understanding of transition. Furthermore, it provides practitioners with insights and best practices that can be used to guide transitions in real‐life engagements.
Long‐term culture optimization of human omentum fat‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (2012)

Recent scientific explorations in search of novel sources for autologous transplantation transpired an alternative source of MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells) derived from omentum fat. The scarcity of experimental evidences probing into the biosafety concerns of omentum fat-derived MSC under prolonged culture conditions limits its applicability as an efficient tool in regenerative medicine. This study, thus, aims to optimize human omentum fat-derived MSC in four different media [DMEM (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium) LG (low glucose), DMEM KO (knock out), α-MEM (α-minimal essential media) and DMEM F12] in the facets of phenotypic characterization, growth kinetics, differentiation and karyotyping under prolonged culture. The cells exhibited a similarity in expression profile for the majority of markers with evidential variations in certain markers. The relevance of omentum fat-derived MSCs became evident from its triumphant differentiation potential and karyotypic stability substantiated even at later passage. The results obtained from growth curve and PDT (population doubling time) lead to optimization of appropriate media for omentum fat-derived stem cell research, thereby bringing omentum fat into the forefront of regenerative medicine.
Fertilizing Ability of Bovine Spermatozoa Cocultured with Oviduct Epithelial Cells1 (1995)

The effects of bovine oviduct epithelial cell monolayers (OECM), derived from the different segments of the oviduct and under various conditions, on oocyte penetration by bovine sperm were determined by in vitro cell culture techniques. The oocyte penetration rate by sperm treated with OECM+OECM-conditioned medium was 93% (155 of 166). Sperm penetration rates in OECM+fresh medium and in OECM-conditioned medium alone were 66% (115 of 173) and 52% (87 of 167), respectively, significantly lower (p < 0.01) than in OECM+OECM-conditioned medium. However, the percentage of penetrated oocytes in OECM-conditioned medium alone was significantly higher than in control (11% = 16 of 148; p < 0.01). In both the OECM+OECM-conditioned medium and the OECM+fresh medium groups, oocyte penetration rates by sperm cocultured with OECM derived from the isthmic segment were significantly lower than those by sperm cocultured with OECM derived from the ampullary segment (44% = 43 of 98 vs. 72% = 68 of 94, and 42% = 49 of 117 vs. 66% = 72 of 110, respectively; p < 0.01). Sperm penetration rates were low after insemination in the OECM-conditioned medium alone derived from either the isthmic or the ampullary segments (20% = 20 of 100 and 19% = 17 of 91, respectively). However, the sperm penetration rate was improved significantly when OECM-conditioned medium was obtained from whole-oviduct OECM (57% = 60 of 105; p < 0.01). The effect of OECM derived from different segments on ability of sperm binding and maintaining motility was also evaluated in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interfering resonances and bound states in the continuum (1985)

We use Feshbach's theory of resonances to demonstrate that bound states in the continuum (BIC's) can occur due to the interference of resonances belonging to different channels. If two resonances pass each other as a function of a continuous parameter, then interference causes an avoided crossing of the resonance positions and for a given value of the continuous parameter one resonance has exactly vanishing width and hence becomes a BIC. The condition for a BIC relates the positions of the noninterfering resonances with the coupling matrix elements between the various channels. In the neighborhood of the BIC point one resonance remains anomalously narrow for a finite range of values of the separation of the noninterfering resonances. Whether or not two resonances interfere is not directly related to whether or not they overlap. All these results, including the occurrence of exactly bound states in the continuum, are not consequences of approximations inherent in Feshbach's theory but are general features of a coupled-channel Schr\"odinger equation with only one open channel. We illustrate the results in a simple but realistic model, where all matrix elements involved can be calculated analytically. We also discuss the case of coupled Coulombic channels where BIC's are caused by perturbations interfering with a Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances. Below the continuum threshold the analogy to a BIC is an infinitely narrow perturbation of the bound-state spectrum. Near such an infinitely narrow perturbation we may observe approximate level crossings.
Application of Gas Adsorption Kinetics — II. A Theoretical Model for Respirator Cartridge Service Life and Its Practical Applications (1984)

A previously introduced theoretical model addressing respirator cartridge contaminant breakthrough was further developed in this study. This development involved the introduction of a new theoretical parameter, a, to complement the parameters k' and tau employed in the initial theoretical approach. The extension of the theory permits the theoretical investigation of the following: (1) the effect of contaminant concentration on breakthrough time; (2) the effect of flow rate on breakthrough time; (3) the influence of contaminant concentration on percentage of breakthrough; and (4) the effect of contaminant concentration on the weight of adsorbed contaminant at a given time. We also compared new theoretical expressions with previously published empirical equations. Utilizing the parameter a, we derived a set of equations of significant practical value. These equations relate the ratio of two contaminant concentrations (one experimental reference concentration and any other concentration of interest) to either the ratio of the corresponding breakthrough times or the corresponding weights of adsorbed contaminant. Three practical examples are provided demonstrating that the new theoretical model reduces experimental work required to predict respirator cartridge service life.