gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of dolomite and a zeolite for use as gasification tar-cracking catalysts (1995)

Unconverted liquid products produced during steam gasification of coal are heavy tars. The object of this study was to compare a zeolite with dolomite as tar-cracking catalysts. Up to 75% of the tars from a lignite and a subbituminous coal were cracked to lower molecular weight compounds by use of a heated catalyst bed. Collection of the tars downstream of the catalyst bed showed that approximately 50% less tar resulted from the test with dolomite as the catalyst than that obtained with zeolite. Simulated distillations of the tars showed more effective cracking with the dolomite than with the zeolite.
Eukaryotic gene regulation: from chromatin to transcription to mRNA processing (2007)

Click to launch & play an online audio visual presentation by Prof. Michael Carey and Prof. Stephen Smale on Eukaryotic gene regulation: from chromatin to transcription to mRNA processing, part of a collection of multimedia lectures.
Titania Nanoflowers with High Photocatalytic Activity (2006)

Titania with nanostructures has attracted considerable attention due to its potential use in catalysts, gas sensors, photovoltaic cells, photonic crystals, etc. This paper reports the synthesis of titania nanoflowers by simply oxidizing pure titanium with hydrogen peroxide solutions containing hexamethylenetetramine and nitric acid at a low temperature of 353 K. Titania nanoflowers with the crystal structure of anatase or a mixture of anatase and rutile were obtained after a subsequent thermal treatment to crystallize the as‐precipitated amorphous structure. Photocatalytic tests revealed an excellent photocatalytic property of the titania nanoflowers.
Structure of Klein's Metabolites of Aldrin and of Dieldrin (1968)

Abstract Certain predominant unknown metabolites of aldrin and of dieldrin, previously reported in the urine of rats on diets containing these pesticides, have been characterized by mass, infrared, and Raman spectrometric examination. By interpretation of all the evidence adduced, the structure of the isomeric metabolites of aldrin and dieldrin. respectively, could be postulated. The metabolites appear to be almost identical, the minor spectrometric differences being attributed to possible alternative exo- or endo-orientations of an epoxide ring.
Multiple Tier Fuel Cycle Studies for Waste Transmutation (2002)

As part of the U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Accelerator Applications Program, a systems study was conducted to evaluate the transmutation performance of advanced fuel cycle strategies. Three primary fuel cycle strategies were evaluated: dual-tier systems with plutonium separation, dual-tier systems without plutonium separation, and single-tier systems without plutonium separation. For each case, the system mass flow and TRU consumption were evaluated in detail. Furthermore, the loss of materials in fuel processing was tracked including the generation of new waste streams. Based on these results, the system performance was evaluated with respect to several key transmutation parameters including TRU inventory reduction, radiotoxicity, and support ratio. The importance of clean fuel processing (∼0.1% losses) and inclusion of a final tier fast spectrum system are demonstrated. With these two features, all scenarios capably reduce the TRU and plutonium waste content, significantly reducing the radiotoxicity; however, a significant infrastructure (at least 1/10 the total nuclear capacity) is required for the dedicated transmutation system.
X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Studies of Hydrocerussite (Basic Lead Carbonate) as a Stabiliser in Plasticised Polyvinyl Chloride (1980)

Abstract Strips from a plasticised PVC blend containing pure hydrocerussite, 2PbCO 3 .Pb(OH) 2 , as stabiliser were heated under nitrogen at 180°C for various periods up to the time when hydrogen chloride (HC1) was liberated and could be detected externally by Congo‐red indicator paper. Evolved carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) was measured and crystalline phases in the heated samples were studied by X‐ray powder diffraction (X.R.P.D.). Qualitative X.R.P.D. showed that the hydrocerussite reacted to form the uncharacterised basic lead chloride X (B.L.C.X.) and normal lead chloride, PbCl 2 , in sequence. Quantitative X.R.P.D. showed that the hydrocerussite reacted according to first order kinetics, and the rate constant and half‐life were confirmed by data from the CO 2 measurements. These results accord with previous studies using the other basic lead carbonate ‘plumbonacrite’, 6PbCO 3 .3Pb(OH) 2 .PbO, as stabiliser. However, the rates of stabiliser reaction differed and, surprisingly, efficient stabilisation continued long after the hydrocerussite had all reacted in the present experiments, whereas stabilisation failed soon after the plumbonacrite had all reacted previously. These findings are interpreted on the basis of a free‐radical exchange and temporary esterification mechanism in which mobile lead salts of organic acids are regenerated as the active stabilising intermediates, and which is believed to retard the PVC thermal decomposition (preventing the formation of HCl). This is called ‘true stabilisation’. The popular idea that basic lead stabilisers merely behave as scavengers for HCl from the hot polymer is rejected because this cannot be reconciled with the fact that stabilisation continued in the absence of hydrocerussite, or with the observed first order kinetics of stabiliser reaction. These studies are briefly related to commercial PVC processing.
Selection of Controls for Family Studies (1988)

The use of hospital-based controls as a means of comparison for family studies has raised a number of questions concerning the degree to which the control group represents the general population. Of primary interest is whether the control group should be completely free of disease-associated symptoms. To test the effect of the selection of psychiatric symptom-free controls, we examined the control group from our long-term follow-up and family study of major psychoses. Morbidity risks for psychiatric disorder among relatives of surgical controls were estimated, both for an unscreened proband group of 361 patients and for a screened group of 318 from which the relatives of controls with significant "psychiatric history" had been eliminated. The largest difference occurred with affective disorders, which were more frequent among the relatives of unscreened controls than among the relatives of the screened controls. Our results suggest that gathering data on both screened and unscreened control groups will yield more generalizable results than either alone.
STRUCTURE AND PHASE BEHAVIOUR OF SYNTHETIC GLYCOLIPIDS (2003)

We have used X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to study the structure and lyotropic phase behaviour of two synthetic dialkyl glycolipids having β-D-glucose and β-D-galactose headgroups and two saturated tetradecyl (C14) chains. The diastereomeric compounds, 1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-3-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (di-14:0–β-D-GlcDAG) and 1,2-di-O-tetradecyl-3-O-(β-D-galactopyranosyl)-sn-glycerol (di-14:0-β-D-GalDAG) show striking differences in their phase behaviour, particularly in the ordered lamellar phase region. Both compounds adopt the fluid lamellar Lα phase upon cooling from the HII phase, but below the chain-melting transition,di-14:0-β-D-GlcDAG forms a metastable Lβ gel phase, whereas di-14:0–β-D-GalDAG forms only crystalline lamellar phases, on the timescale of our measurements. We have determined the limiting hydrations of the various phases, and compare the findings from these glycolipids with those from our previous studies of the phospholipid didodecyl phosphatidylethanolamine (di-12:0-PE).
Preliminary biochemical characterization of ‘veil’ structure purified from<i>Theileria sergenti-, T. buffeli</i>- and<i>T. orientalis</i>-infected bovine erythrocytes (1992)

A structure called 'veil' in Theileria sergenti-, T. buffeli- or T. orientalis-infected bovine erythrocytes was purified from erythrocyte lysates by Percoll density-gradient centrifugation. On electron microscopical examination, the veils consisted of electron-dense material showing a periodicity of striations and were not surrounded by membranes. Analyses of veil proteins by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the veils contain haemoglobin and several other basic proteins of molecular weight ranging from 15.5 to 46 kDa. By comparing the protein patterns of the veil with those of purified piroplasms and uninfected bovine erythrocytes, these basic proteins appeared to be of parasite origin. It would appear likely that the veils formed by intra-erythrocytic precipitation of haemoglobin and proteins excreted by the parasites. Differences in veil constituents were found between T. sergenti, T. buffeli and T. orientalis.
Effect of VHa Locus Allotype-Suppression on the Expression of Closely Linked VHx, VHy, and Cµn Genes in Heterozygous Rabbits (1976)

Abstract Injection of a1x-y-n81/a2x32y33n82 heterozygous rabbits at birth with anti-a2 allotype antiserum suppresses the production of the VHa2 gene product a2 Ig as well as the expression of the closely linked Cµn gene product n82 but not of the closely linked VHx and VHy gene products x32 and y33. This effect is related to the appearance of a2 and n82 on the same IgM molecules whereas a2, x32, and y33 appear on different Ig molecules.
CO2 in Lyotropic Liquid Crystals: Phase Equilibria Behavior and Rheology (2019)

The CO₂ absorption of liquid crystalline phases of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (Pluronic L92, (EO)₈(PO)<sub>47</sub>(EO)₈), monoethanolamine (MEA), and water, with a composition of 60% L92/10% MEA/30% water has been investigated to assess potential use in carbon capture and storage applications. Vapor⁻liquid equilibrium data of the liquid crystalline system with CO₂ was recorded up to a CO₂ partial pressure of 6 bar, where a loading of 38.6 g CO₂/kg sample was obtained. Moreover, the phase transitions occurring during the loading process were investigated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), presenting a transition from lamellar + hexagonal phase to hexagonal (at 25 °C). In addition, the rheology of samples with varying loadings was also studied, showing that the viscosity increases with increasing CO₂-loading until the phase transition to hexagonal phase is completed. Finally, thermal stability experiments were performed, and revealed that L92 does not contribute to MEA degradation.
Efficient Release of Base‐Sensitive Oligonucleotides from Solid Supports using Fluoride Ions (2009)

Abstract With the aim to prepare biolabile oligoribonucleotides that are partially or fully base‐sensitive 2′‐ O ‐pivaloyloxymethyl functionalized, we investigated the cleavage of a silyl‐type linker and a Q‐linker anchored to a solid support under several fluoride ion conditions. Thus, an original fluoride ion treatment was perfected to release oligonucleotides bearing base‐sensitive modifications from solid supports without affecting them and with high efficiency. Chimeric oligouridylates containing both 2′‐OH and 2′‐ O ‐PivOM groups were obtained in high yield and purity. Moreover, the conditions used to cleave the linker were extended to the release of a base‐sensitive DNA‐oligonucleotide with 4‐ N ‐acetylcytosine residues; the acetyl groups were maintained.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Correlating structural changes with the photophysics of terrylenediimide films during spontaneous annealing (2020)

Films of consisting of a rigid extended aromatic surface and long alkyl chains to undergo structural rearrangement at room temperature. The slow timescale allows us to monitor the relationship of structure and photophysical behavior.
Evaluation of a double-injection method for sequential measurement of cerebral blood flow with iodine-123-iodoamphetamine. (1995)

The double-injection method for IMP is feasible for two sequential rCBF measurements in a single procedure and is applicable for acetazolamide challenge. Simple microsphere model analysis, as well as a two-compartment model analysis, provide reliable assessment for cerebrovascular reactivity despite the complex dynamics of IMP and are feasible for clinical application.
Production of Chitosan Oligosaccharides at High Concentration by Immobilized Chitosanase (2006)

The production of high concentrations of physiologically active pentameric and hexameric chitosan oligosaccharides was investigated. Chitosanase directly immobilized on an agar gel-coated multidisk impeller was used for the hydrolysis of chitosan. As hydrolysis proceeded, the concentration of chitosan was increased from the saturation concentration (20kg/m3) to 50kg/m3 by stepwise addition of chitosan powder with pH control. The timing of the addition of the chitosan powder was determined by monitoring the change in the torque required to agitate the reaction solution. The target products were produced more efficiently when the chitosan powder was added over a short interval rather than a long interval. When hydrolysis of a 50kg/m3 chitosan solution at 50°C was repeated three times using the same immobilized enzyme, the target products were obtained in high concentrations (20kg/m3) from each of the three reactions with no reduction in the activity of the immobilized enzyme.
Boundary element analysis of dielectric waveguides (2002)

We apply the boundary element method to the analysis of optical waveguides. After summarizing constant and linear element algorithms for both two- and three-dimensional simulations, we introduce a new recursive series procedure for constructing the diagonal matrix elements. We then demonstrate that our method can be employed to minimize the reflectivity of optical waveguide antireflection coatings with both straight and angled facets.
Synthesis and Characterization of Diethynylmethanobuckminsterfullerene, a Building Block for Macrocyclic and Polymeric Carbon Allotropes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Diethynylmethanobuckminsterfullerene, a Building Block for Macrocyclic and Polymeric Carbon AllotropesYi-Zhong An, Yves Rubin, Christophe Schaller, and Stephen W. McElvanyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 11, 2927–2929Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00090a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (351 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Is Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery a Safe Option in Extremely High-Risk Morbidly Obese Patients? (2015)

Laparoscopic bariatric surgery is safe and can be performed with acceptable perioperative outcomes in extremely high-risk patients. Advanced age, BMI, and severe cardiopulmonary comorbidities should not exclude patients from consideration for bariatric surgery.
Über die 2,5,1‐Aminonaphtolsulfonsäure (A‐Säure) und ihre Derivate (1921)

schmelzen der von A r m s t r o n g und W y n n e cbarakterisierten 2,1,5 -Naphtylatnindisulfonsaure mit Atzkali eine bisher unbekannte AminonaphtolsulfonsLure dar, die gleich der 2,6,7-Aminonaphtolsulfonstre (,J -Siiure) ein Sulfoderivat des 2,5-Aminonaphtols ist und o-Oxyazokljrper liefert, da die 1-Sulfogruppe den Eintritt einer Azogruppe in die 8-Stellung erschwert.Die dadurch zustande kommende Amphistellung von Arninound Azogruppe berechtigte zu der Hoffnung, daS hier iihnliche wertvolle Eigenschaften zutage treten wiirden,
Conversion of cellulosic wastes to liquid fuels (1981)

The history, current status and future plans for a project to convert waste cellulosic (biomass) materials to quaty liquid hydrocarbon fuels is described. The process utilizes an indirect liquefaction approach (gasification followed by liquefaction) to produce a quality liquid hydrocarbon product similar to diesel fuel. A variety of feedstocks can be processed with product quality essentially independent of feedstock type. Previous contract periods have concentrated on assessment of alternative feedstocks in the gasification step and detailed factor studies for the gasification and liquefaction stages operated separately. The current contract period (June 1, 1980 to May 31, 1981) had the prime objective of operating the entire system in an integrated, continuous mode and directly measuring and assessing product yields. Secondary objectives were additional factor studies (gasification fluidizing gas type, solid type, operating conditions.
Strong Effects of Cluster Size and Air Exposure on Oxygen Reduction and Carbon Oxidation Electrocatalysis by Size-Selected Pt<sub><i>n</i></sub>(<i>n</i>≤ 11) on Glassy Carbon Electrodes (2013)

Model Pt(n)/glassy carbon electrodes (Pt(n)/GCE) were prepared by deposition of mass-selected Pt(n)(+) (n ≤ 11) on GCE substrates in ultrahigh vacuum. Electrocatalysis under conditions appropriate for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) was studied, for samples both in situ with no exposure to laboratory air and with air exposure prior to electrochemical measurements. Of the small clusters, only a few cluster sizes show the expected ORR activity, and in those cases, the activity per Pt atom is similar to that seen under identical conditions with a conventionally prepared electrode with Pt nanoparticles grown on a GCE. For other small Pt(n) on GCE, any ORR signal is overwhelmed by large oxidative currents attributed to catalysis of carbon oxidation by water. If the samples are exposed to air prior to electrochemistry, both ORR and carbon oxidation signals are absent, and instead only small capacitive currents or currents attributed to redox chemistry of adventitious organic adsorbates are observed, indicating that air exposure results in passivation of the small Pt clusters.
A concept of integrated control for nuclear power plants (1989)

This paper presents a novel concept of integrated control of the diverse functions and spatially distributed system components in nuclear power plants. The goal is to develop an integrated system as a safe, economic, reliable, and flexible means for nuclear power generation by utilizing recent advances in microcomputer technology. An advanced light water reactor design concept is currently under development at Pennsylvania State University. The design concept is based on a reconfigured pressurized water reactor in which the conventional pressurizer is replaced by a modified injection letdown system. The design also accommodates station blackout by including emergency power generation from shutdown steam turbine generators until natural circulation in the rearranged plant is alone sufficient for long-term cooling. A salient feature of the ultra-safe research is to examine implementation of the nuclear power plant control system in a microcomputer-based control environment. A distributed control configuration can yield substantial improvements in the operation of future nuclear power plants. Such an integrated control system would have the potential to enhance maintainability, reliability, efficiency, and public acceptability and substantially alleviate the complexity of plant operations. Development of sophisticated applications software for powerful microprocessor-based controllers will facilitate the development of an integrated fault-tolerant control system.
Forced Response Analysis of a Mistuned Compressor Blisk (2014)

The forced response of an E3E-type high pressure compressor (HPC) blisk front rotor is analyzed with regard to varying mistuning and the consideration of the fluid-structure interaction (FSI). For that purpose, a reduced order model is used in which the disk remains unchanged and mechanical properties of the blades, namely stiffness and damping, are adjusted to measured as well as intentional blade frequency mistuning distributions. The aerodynamic influence coefficient technique is employed to model the aeroelastics. Depending on the blade mode, the exciting engine order, and aerodynamic influences, it is sought for the worst mistuning distributions with respect to the maximum blade displacement based on optimization analyses. Genetic algorithms using blade-alone frequencies as design variables are applied. The validity of the Whitehead limit is assessed in this context. In particular, the question is addressed if and how far aeroelastic effects, mainly caused by aerodynamic damping, combined with mistuning can even cause a reduction of the forced response compared to the ideally tuned blisk. It is shown that the strong dependence of the aerodynamic damping on the interblade phase angle is the main driver for a possible response attenuation considering the fundamental as well as a higher blade mode. Furthermore, the differences to the blisk vibration response without a consideration of the flow and an increase of the disk's stiffness are discussed. Closing, the influence of pure damping mistuning is analyzed again using optimization.
Peace Consciousness Among Asian Students: a Study of Future Elites for Asia. (1976)

The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections w ith a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again -beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.