gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thy-1 expresses two signals for apical localization in epithelial cells (1991)

Recent work has shown that anchoring via glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) results in apical targeting for a variety of endogenous and transfected plasma membrane proteins expressed in epithelial cells. To further determine the correlation between GPI anchoring and apical localization, we expressed GPI-anchored and secretory forms of Thy-1 in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells by transfection. Native GPI-anchored Thy-1, normally expressed in thymocytes and neurons, was localized to the apical surface. A truncated form of Thy-1, lacking 22 out of 31 hydrophobic amino acids at the COOH-terminus, was also constructed; this deletion blocked attachment of the GPI anchor and resulted in apical secretion of Thy-1. In combination with previous results, our observations indicate that Thy-1 contains apical targeting information in its protein sequence as well as in the GPI anchor.
BitTrain: Sparse Bitmap Compression for Memory-Efficient Training on the Edge (2021)

Training on the Edge enables neural networks to learn continuously from new data after deployment on memory-constrained edge devices. Previous work is mostly concerned with reducing the number of model parameters which is only beneficial for inference. However, memory footprint from activations is the main bottleneck for training on the edge. Existing incremental training methods fine-tune the last few layers sacrificing accuracy gains from re-training the whole model. In this work, we investigate the memory footprint of training deep learning models, and use our observations to propose BitTrain. In BitTrain, we exploit activation sparsity and propose a novel bitmap compression technique that reduces the memory footprint during training. We save the activations in our proposed bitmap compression format during the forward pass of the training, and restore them during the backward pass for the optimizer computations. The proposed method can be integrated seamlessly in the computation graph of modern deep learning frameworks. Our implementation is safe by construction, and has no negative impact on the accuracy of model training. Experimental results show up to 34% reduction in the memory footprint at a sparsity level of 50%. Further pruning during training results in more than 70% sparsity, which can lead to up to 56% reduction in memory footprint. BitTrain advances the efforts towards bringing more machine learning capabilities to edge devices. Our source code is available at https://github.com/scale-lab/BitTrain.
New Way of Process Parameters Optimization in SFF Based on Deposition by Welding (2001)

To successfully control the welding process and to make it appropriate for solid freeform fabrication (SFF), it is necessary to fully understand the influence of the welding parameters and the geometry of the substrate on the resulting weld bead dimensions. Extensive experiments with different welding parameters and complex geometrical features such as edges and corners have been designed and completed. The experimental data show a clear correlation between the heat input, the weld bead dimensions, and the two dimensional (2D) geometrical features. This correlation may be used for on-line welding process control. It is found that the geometry of the molten pool is directly related to the heat transfer conditions determined by surrounding mass of material. A machine vision system based on a high-resolution CCD camera coaxially integrated with a gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) torch is used to acquire the images of the molten pool. The results demonstrate the capability to adjust GTAW process parameters according to complex external and internal geometrical features of the substrate. The heat loss affected by the surrounding mass of material will be used to determine the optimal energy input.
PREPARATION, ULTRASTRUCTURE, AND FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF EGG ALBUMIN AND CORN ZEIN MODIFIED VIA THE PLASTEIN REACTION (1983)

Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to study changes during the preparation of plasteins from egg albumin and corn zein protein isolates. This included an examination of protein particles that had been spray-dried, freeze-dried, hydrolyzed, and synthesized into plastein reaction products. Water holding capacity, oil binding capacity, and gel strength properties before and after modification are discussed. The study demonstrated that the quantity and quality of plastein products are dependent upon both the substrate and the enzyme used. A possible relationship is proposed between ultrastructural characteristics and actual functional performance of unmodified and modified proteins.
[The non-recommendations in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, or why is evidence-based medicine so difficult (still) to apply to rheumatology?]. (2000)

The speed with which the phrase "Evidence-Based Medicine" has entered our language has been astonishing. Virtually all medical areas are concerned, but it probably applies best when clearcut diagnosis can be made or when mortality or well-defined morbidity are the outcomes, two conditions not really frequently encountered in rheumatology. We will discuss why rheumatology is probably not ready yet for the concept and will systematically review why "Evidence-Based Medicine" could in fact be "evidence-biased medicine". We will emphasize why evidence-based medicine can not replace the personal experience and knowledge of patients, two major corner-stones in the clinician's daily work, but should simply be an access to scientific data for the benefit of both patient and physician.
Étude de la dispersion et de l'absorption de R. P. E. des sels paramagnétiques à 10 GHz et 16 GHz à l'aide d'interféromètres enregistreurs à trois ondes (1971)

Après avoir réalisé deux interféromètres enregistreurs à trois ondes de grande sensibilité pour les bandes X et Ku, les auteurs ont étudié l'absorption et la dispersion de R. P. E. de sels paramagnétiques soumis à un champ magnétique transverse. Les diagrammes obtenus en portant les variations relatives d'amplitude en fonction des variations de phase ont permis de vérifier les prévisions théoriques.
Uterine transplantation (2017)

The most obvious groups of women that can be helped by uterine transplantation (UTx) are those with a total absence of the uterus, but several types of uterine factor infertility (UFI) exist in women with the presence of a uterus. The animal research in preparation for human UTx has involved several animal models, as covered in several reviews. Both the pig and sheep have been used in UTx research, as a natural extension from the much smaller-sized rodents. The first UTx pregnancy and live offspring in a nonhuman primate species was shown in the cynomolgus macaque after autotransplantation. Tubal nonpatency was evident in all animals, indicating that the oviducts should not be transplanted in human UTx, with a possible low chance of natural conception and a high risk of ectopic pregnancy. After the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in 1978, the major cause of uterine–tubal factor infertility became treatable and the interest in the area of UTx ceased.
Hyaluronic Acid (Ha) Binding to Cd44 Activates Rac1 and Induces Lamellipodia Outgrowth (2000)

Both cell adhesion protein CD44 and its main ligand hyaluronic acid (HA) are thought to be involved in several processes ultimately requiring cytoskeleton rearrangements. Here, we show that the small guanine nucleotide (GTP)-binding protein, Rac1, can be activated upon HA binding to CD44. When applied locally to a passive cell edge, HA promoted the formation of lamellipodial protrusions in the direction of the stimulus. This process was inhibited by the prior injection of cells with dominant-negative N17Rac recombinant protein or by pretreatment of cells with monoclonal anti-CD44 antibodies, interfering with HA binding, implying the direct involvement of CD44 in signaling to Rac1.
13-valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Given With Meningococcal C–Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate and Other Routine Pediatric Vaccinations (2012)

Immune responses to MnCC-TT, and other childhood vaccines (DTaP-HBV-IPV/Hib, DTaP-IPV+Hib) were noninferior when concomitantly administered with PCV13 compared with PCV7. PCV13 does not interfere with MnCC-TT. PCV13 is highly immunogenic with a favorable safety profile.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Triterpene‐Derived Hydrocarbons of Arborane/Fernane Series in Sediments. Part 1 (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CD28 costimulation increases CD8+ cell suppression of HIV replication (1997)

A subset of CD8+ T lymphocytes that expresses CD28, a membrane receptor for B7 differentiation Ags found on APCs, is primarily responsible for the noncytotoxic suppression of HIV replication in CD4+ cells of HIV-infected individuals. Optimal inhibition of HIV production by CD8+ cells occurs after triggering the CD28 molecule on the cells with anti-CD28 Abs during stimulation. Blocking the interaction of the CD28 and B7 molecules with a CTLA4Ig fusion protein abrogates the ability of autologous macrophages to enhance this CD8+ cell antiviral activity. This blocking effect can be reversed by treating the CD8+ cells with anti-CD28 Ab. The increase in antiviral activity following CD28 costimulation correlates with enhanced IL-2 production and IL-2R expression by CD8+ cells. Prevention of IL-2 binding to its receptor, using anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-2R Abs, reduces the ability of CD8+ cells to suppress HIV replication following CD28 costimulation. Importantly, engagement of the CD28 molecule during stimulation of CD8+ cells from individuals with AIDS restored the ability of their cells to suppress HIV replication. Thus, triggering the CD28 molecule during stimulation of CD8+ cells could clinically benefit HIV-infected symptomatic patients.
Two main genetic pathways lead to the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia to Richter syndrome (2013)

Richter syndrome (RS) occurs in up to 15% of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although RS, usually represented by the histologic transformation to a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), is associated with a very poor outcome, especially when clonally related to the preexisting CLL, the mechanisms leading to RS have not been clarified. To better understand the pathogenesis of RS, we analyzed a series of cases including 59 RS, 28 CLL phase of RS, 315 CLL, and 127 de novo DLBCL. RS demonstrated a genomic complexity intermediate between CLL and DLBCL. Cell-cycle deregulation via inactivation of TP53 and of CDKN2A was a main mechanism in the histologic transformation from CLL phase, being present in approximately one half of the cases, and affected the outcome of the RS patients. A second major subgroup was characterized by the presence of trisomy 12 and comprised one third of the cases. Although RS shared some of the lesions seen in de novo DLBCL, its genomic profile was clearly separate. The CLL phase preceding RS had not a generalized increase in genomic complexity compared with untransformed CLL, but it presented clear differences in the frequency of specific genetic lesions.
A General G1/S-Phase Cell-Cycle Control Module in the Flowering Plant Arabidopsis thaliana (2012)

The decision to replicate its DNA is of crucial importance for every cell and, in many organisms, is decisive for the progression through the entire cell cycle. A comparison of animals versus yeast has shown that, although most of the involved cell-cycle regulators are divergent in both clades, they fulfill a similar role and the overall network topology of G1/S regulation is highly conserved. Using germline development as a model system, we identified a regulatory cascade controlling entry into S phase in the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana, which, as a member of the Plantae supergroup, is phylogenetically only distantly related to Opisthokonts such as yeast and animals. This module comprises the Arabidopsis homologs of the animal transcription factor E2F, the plant homolog of the animal transcriptional repressor Retinoblastoma (Rb)-related 1 (RBR1), the plant-specific F-box protein F-BOX-LIKE 17 (FBL17), the plant specific cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors KRPs, as well as CDKA;1, the plant homolog of the yeast and animal Cdc2⁺/Cdk1 kinases. Our data show that the principle of a double negative wiring of Rb proteins is highly conserved, likely representing a universal mechanism in eukaryotic cell-cycle control. However, this negative feedback of Rb proteins is differently implemented in plants as it is brought about through a quadruple negative regulation centered around the F-box protein FBL17 that mediates the degradation of CDK inhibitors but is itself directly repressed by Rb. Biomathematical simulations and subsequent experimental confirmation of computational predictions revealed that this regulatory circuit can give rise to hysteresis highlighting the here identified dosage sensitivity of CDK inhibitors in this network.
Models of Motor Control (2001)

Social simulation focuses on processes to provide some forms of historical perspectives in explaining social phenomena. This chapter presents three representative examples of cognitive social simulation. It looks into a few representative examples of the kind of social simulation that takes cognition of individual agents into consideration seriously. Game-theoretical interaction is an excellent domain for researching multiagent interactions. The chapter discusses types, issues, and directions of cognitive social simulation and looks into some possible dimensions for categorizing cognitive social simulation. A variety of modeling works has been done on group and/or organizational dynamics on the basis of cognitive models. By combining cognitive models and social simulation models, cognitive social simulation is poised to address issues of the interaction of cognition and sociality, in addition to advancing the state of the art in understanding cognitive and social processes.
Etude expérimentale de l'interaction endommagement-température-état de contrainte-perméabilité du béton (2007)

L'objectif de cette etude est de caracteriser l'interaction entre endommagement, temperature et permeabilite du beton de structure. Les essais sont effectues sur des echantillons cylindriques creux, soumis a une compression uniaxiale et a des temperatures allant jusqu'a 150 °C. Les resultats obtenus montrent que, pour un chargement inferieur a 80–85 % du chargement maximal, la variation de la permeabilite reste faible et peu influencee par le chargement. Quand le chargement excede 80–85 % du chargement maximal et approche le pic, l'endommagement croit rapidement, entrainant une augmentation importante de la permeabilite. Dans la phase post-pic, l'accroissement de la permeabilite devient tres significatif suite a l'ouverture des macrofissures. L'augmentation de la permeabilite avec le chargement mecanique applique semble s'accroitre a temperature elevee, provoquant l'alteration de la structure poreuse du beton. Enfin, les resultats obtenus revelent que les effets de l'endommagement et de la temperature peuvent etre decouples pour l'estimation de l'evolution de la permeabilite du beton.
Visualization by STEM annular DF of intralamellar shear in polyethylene (1983)

Thin films of polyethylene (PE) with high orientation have recently been prepared by “melt-drawing”. This process produces long crystalline lamellae normal to the draw direction and with the chain axis [00ℓ] parallel to the draw direction (Figure 1). Thin films were prepared from a 0.5% solution of high density PE (Marlex 6003, M w =2×l0 5 ) in xylene, which was drawn from a glass slide at 125°C. The films were annealed on glycerol at 125°C for two hours, then were placed on specially fabricated soft copper deformation grids. In-situ deformation was performed in a tensile deformation stage of a JE0L 100CX STEM. The initial gauge length was 0.5mm, with a strain rate of 0.1min −1 . Figure 1 shows a bright field (BF) CTEM image of an annealed film. Crystals properly oriented for diffraction appear black, while non-Bragg-oriented lamellar crystals are grey. The interlamellar zones (amorphous regions) appear as bright areas for underfocus conditions since innerpotential of the crystalline phase is approximately one volt larger than that of the amorphous phase. The bright white “ghosts” are diffraction images displaced by defocus from their corresponding main beam images in the direction of the appropriate diffraction vector.
A query language and runtime tool for evaluating behavior of multi-tier servers (2010)

As modern multi-tier systems are becoming increasingly large and complex, it becomes more difficult for system analysts to understand the overall behavior of the system, and diagnose performance problems. To assist analysts inspect performance behavior, we introduce SelfTalk, a novel declarative language that allows analysts to query and understand the status of a large scale system. SelfTalk is sufficiently expressive to encode an analyst's high-level hypotheses about system invariants, normal correlations between system metrics, or other a priori derived performance models, such as, "I expect that the throughputs of interconnected system components are linearly correlated". Given a hypothesis, Dena, our runtime support system, instantiates and validates it using actual monitoring data within specific system configurations. We evaluate SelfTalk/Dena by posing several hypotheses about system behavior and querying Dena to validate system behavior in a multi-tier dynamic content server. We find that Dena automatically validates the system performance based on the pre-existing hypotheses and helps to diagnose system misbehavior.
A decomposition of near-optimum regulators for systems with slow and fast modes (1976)

For systems with slow and fast subsystems a near-optimum state regulator is composed of two subsystem regulators. Conditions for complete separation of slow and fast regulator designs are formulated. A second-order approximation of the optimal performance is achieved without the knowledge of the small singular perturbation parameter.
Multidrug-resistance protein 5 is a multispecific organic anion transporter able to transport nucleotide analogs (2000)

Two prominent members of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transmembrane proteins, multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1) P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), can mediate the cellular extrusion of xenobiotics and (anticancer) drugs from normal and tumor cells. The MRP subfamily consists of at least six members, and here we report the functional characterization of human MRP5. We found resistance against the thiopurine anticancer drugs, 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) and thioguanine, and the anti-HIV drug 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA) in MRP5-transfected cells. This resistance is due to an increased extrusion of PMEA and 6-thioinosine monophosphate from the cells that overproduce MRP5. In polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney II (MDCKII) cells transfected with an MRP5 cDNA construct, MRP5 is routed to the basolateral membrane and these cells transport S-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)glutathione and glutathione preferentially toward the basal compartment. Inhibitors of organic anion transport inhibit transport mediated by MRP5. We speculate that MRP5 might play a role in some cases of unexplained resistance to thiopurines in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and/or to antiretroviral nucleoside analogs in HIV-infected patients.
Asymmetric hydrosilylation using transition metal complexes with chiral ligands (2002)

Full text.Asymmetric hydrosilylation of acetophenone with transition metal complexes containing chiral ligands, is useful route to optically active 1-penyl ethanol. A large variety of chiral ligands can be used such as oxazolines, phosphines, phosphites and imines. If phosphorus containing ligands have a high efficiency in asymmetric reduction of ketones, they suffer from many disadvantages; difficult synthesis, high cost and limited stability. In the hydrosilylation of ketones chiral phosphines could not achieve high optical yields, while some nitrogen-containing organic ligands reported by Brunner attained an extremely high level of enantioselectivity:95-99% ee with Pythia-[Et, H]-Rh and Pybox-Pr-Rh catalysts. As excellent results have been obtained in the reaction with nitrogen ligands and (N,S) ligands (Pythia), we are interested on the use of optically pure thiourea ligands, which were developed and hydrogenation. The dithiourea compounds are very stable and their preparation is easy. The asymmetric hydrosilylation of acetophenone with the iridium-dithioureas catalysts gave a good activity and an enantioselectivity up to 74%.
Abstract 4570: Association Between Intra-operative and Early Postoperative Glucose Levels and Adverse Outcomes Following Complex Congenital Heart Surgery (2008)

Although hyperglycemia is associated with increased mortality in critically ill adults, studies in children undergoing cardiac surgery are limited and have reached conflicting conclusions. We sought to determine whether associations exist between perioperative glucose exposure, prolonged hospitalization and morbid events following complex congenital heart surgery. Metrics of glucose control including average, peak, minimum and standard deviation of glucose levels, and duration of hyperglycemia (hours >126 mg/dL and 200 mg/dL) were determined intraoperatively and for 72 hours following surgery for 378 consecutive children who had a Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery-1 category ≥3. Regression analyses were used to determine relationships between glucose variables, hospital length of stay and a composite morbidity-mortality outcome (death, ECMO, infection, hepatic injury, renal failure, and/or brain injury) after controlling for multiple variables known to influence early outcomes. Intraoperatively, a minimum glucose ≤75 mg/dL was associated with greater adjusted odds of reaching the composite morbidity-mortality endpoint (odds ratio [OR], 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49 – 6.48), but other metrics of glucose control were not associated with the composite endpoint or length of stay. Greater duration of hyperglycemia (glucose >126 mg/dl) during the first 72 postoperative hours was associated with longer duration of hospitalization (p<0.001). In the 72 hours after surgery, average glucose <110 mg/dl (OR, 7.30; 95% CI, 1.95–27.25) or >143 mg/dl (OR, 5.21, 95% CI, 1.37–19.89), minimum glucose ≤75 mg/dL (OR, 2.85, 95% CI, 1.38 –5.88), and peak glucose level ≥250 mg/dl (OR, 2.55, 95% CI, 1.20 –5.43) were all associated with greater adjusted odds of reaching the composite morbidity-mortality endpoint. In children undergoing complex congenital heart surgery, intraoperative hyperglycemia was not associated with adverse outcomes. When considering analyses of several metrics of glucose control, the optimal postoperative glucose range may be 110 –126 mg/dl. A randomized trial of strict glycemic control achieved with insulin infusions in this patient population is needed.
DEVELOPMENT OF WHEELCHAIR SECUREMENT SYSTEM FOR FIXED ROUTE BUSES (1998)

This paper describes the development in Japan of wheelchair restraint systems designed to be adapted to various manual and electric wheelchairs. Two basic types of securement system are described: an automatic locking device securing the chair by one rear wheel; and a manual system securing the chair by belts fastened to the chair frame. Passenger restraint belts are also provided. A survey was carried out of systems in use on fixed-route buses to discover which types are favoured: many transport bureaus reported using more than one system. As more people use wheelchairs and other mobility aids it will be necessary to develop standard securement systems in conjunction with manufacturers, transport operators and users.