gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of bedside diagnosis in stroke. (1981)

The clinical diagnosis of the type of acute cerebrovascular diseases is often considered unreliable, although this has not been validated prospectively in representative patients. The accuracy of bedside diagnostics was, therefore, tested in 206 patients consecutively admitted to the Stroke Unit of the Serafimerlasarettet in Stockholm. Bedside diagnosis turned out to be correct in 69%. In 24% the diagnoses were altered after hospital investigation and in the remaining 7% no defined preliminary and/or final diagnosis could be made. When the diagnoses were considered "fairly certain" they were accurate in 87%, compared to 53% when regarded as only "probable". The diagnostic accuracy improved during the period studied. Sensitivity in identifying hemorrhages was much lower (39%) than for cerebral infarctions (83%). It is suggested that new investigational methods should be compared with what can be accomplished with bedside methods alone.
Selection of restriction specificities of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells in the thymus: no evidence for a crucial role of antigen-presenting cells. (1982)

The proposal was tested that (P1 X P2) F1 leads to P1 irradiation bone marrow chimeras expressed predominantly P1-restricted T cells because donor derived stem cells were exposed to recipient derived antigen-presenting cells in the thymus. Because P1 recipient-derived antigen-presenting cells are replaced only slowly after 6-8 wk by (P1 X P2) donor-derived antigen-presenting cells in the thymus and because replenished pools of mature T cells may by then prevent substantial numbers of P2-restricted T cells to be generated, a large portion of thymus cells and mature T cells were eliminated using the following treatments of 12-20-wk-old (P1 X P2) F1 leads to P1 irradiation bone marrow chimeras: (a) cortisone plus antilymphocyte serum, (b) Cytoxan, (c) three doses of sublethal irradiation (300 rad) 2d apart, and (d) lethal irradiation (850 rad) and reconstitution with T cell-depleted (P1 X P2) F1 stem cells. 12-20 wk after this second treatment, (P1 X P2) leads to P1 chimeras were infected with vaccinia-virus. Virus-specific cytotoxic T cell reactivity was expressed by chimeric T cells of (P1 X P[2) F1 origin and was restricted predominantly to P1. Virus-specific cytotoxic T cells, therefore, do not seem to be selected to measurable extent by the immigrating donor-derived antigen-presenting cells in the thymus; their selection depends apparently from the recipient-derived radioresistant thymus cells.
Effect of Synthetic Vasopressin on Release of Adrenocorticotrophin in Rats with Hypothalamic Lesions. (1957)

Commercial and synthetic vasopressin are equipotent in producing ascorbic acid depletion in rats with those hypothalamic lesions which prevent the adrenal response to certain non-specific stimuli. The results are interpreted to mean that vasopressin can evoke ACTH release in these animals and that the ACTH-releasing activity of neurohypophyseal extracts, when tested in vivo, is accounted for by their content of vasopressin. The results support the hypothesis that vasopressin (ADH) is the neurohumor responsible for ACTH release.
Screening Colonoscopy in Patients Older Than 80 Years (2007)

Purpose: Screening colonoscopy for age 80+ is controversial, given age-associated comorbidities, surgical candidacy, and life expectancy. We performed a retrospective review to determine the yield of screening/surveillance colonoscopies in this age group and compared findings on colonoscopy to those in patients (pts) <80 yo. Methods: We collected data for all screening/surveillance colonoscopies performed at our institution in 2004 (N = 587). We assembled 2 cohorts: pts who were ≥80 yo (N = 56) and pts who were <80 yo (N = 531) at time of procedure. We collected data for colonoscopy findings including number and location of adenomas, histology, presence of advanced adenomas (size >1 cm, villous features, high grade dysplasia), and colon cancer (CCA). Survival for >2.5 yrs from time of procedure for patients ≥80 yo was also recorded. Proportions were compared by chi-square; all significant P values reported for P < .05. Results: Colonoscopies for pts ≥80 yo represented 9.5% of procedures. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups for previous endoscopy or h/o CCA; however, more pts <80 yo had a (+) family h/o CCA (18.6 vs 5.4%, P < .05). There was no difference in percentage of pts between the 2 groups for advanced adenomas or cancer. Significantly more pts ≥80 yo had adenomas (35.7 vs 20.4%, P < .01). There were significantly more pts ≥80 yo with proximal adenomas (19.6 vs 9.8%, P < .05). There was a trend for more proximal advanced adenomas (12.5 vs 6.0%, P= .06) in pts ≥80 yo. There was no difference between the 2 groups for proximal CCAs, distal advanced adenomas, or distal CCAs. 39 pts ≥80 yo (72.2%) were alive >2.5 yrs after procedure. When compared to percentage of pts 70–79 yo who were alive >2.5 yrs after colonoscopy, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (72.2% vs 82.2%, P= NS). Conclusion: Screening colonoscopy is controversial in pts ≥80 yo. In our study more pts ≥80 yo had adenomas. There was a trend for more pts ≥80 yo with proximal advanced adenomas. After 2.5 yr follow-up, 72.2% pts ≥80 yo were alive. This suggests that pts ≥80 yo may still benefit from screening colonoscopy; however, additional studies are needed.Table. Results
Gastric bicarbonate secretion: effect of topical and intravenous 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (1980)

These studies were designed to compare intravenous and topical 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (dmPGE2) as stimulants of gastric mucosal HCO3- secretion. In six Heidenhain pouch (HP) dogs, basal acid secretion was inhibited by cimetidine. With 100 ml 0.15 M NaCl as the fluid circulating through the HP, intrapouch titration to pH 6.0 was performed with 0.5 M HCl as titrant. After measuring basal HCO-3 secretion for 30 min, dmPGE2 was given intravenously or the fluid circulating in the HP was replaced by one containing dmPGE2. Intravenous dmPGE2 at infusion rates of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 microgram . kg-1 . h-1 produced alkaline secretion rates of 34 +/- 9, 52 +/- 20, 72 +/- 21, and 70 +/- 20 (SE) mu mol . h-1, respectively. Topical dmPGE2 at concentrations of 0, 0.05, 1.25, and 2.50 microgram . ml-1 produced alkaline secretion rates of 22 +/- 7, 74 +/- 16, 134 +/- 28, and 144 +/- 35 mu mol . h-1, respectively (P less than 0,05 for each concentration). Glucosamine output, as an index of mucus secretion, increased significantly with HCO-3 secretion. We conclude that intragastric titration is a valid method for recording HCO-3 secretion from an HP, that topical dmPGE2 stimulates HCO3- secretion more effectively than intravenous dmPGE2, and that topical dmPGE2 stimulates mucus secretion as well as HCO-3 secretion,
Construction and Application of Variants of the <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> EBC191 Arylacetonitrilase for Increased Production of Acids or Amides (2010)

The arylacetonitrilase from Pseudomonas fluorescens EBC191 differs from previously studied arylacetonitrilases by its low enantiospecificity during the turnover of mandelonitrile and by the large amounts of amides that are formed in the course of this reaction. In the sequence of the nitrilase from P. fluorescens, a cysteine residue (Cys163) is present in direct neighborhood (toward the amino terminus) to the catalytic active cysteine residue, which is rather unique among bacterial nitrilases. Therefore, this cysteine residue was exchanged in the nitrilase from P. fluorescens EBC191 for various amino acid residues which are present in other nitrilases at the homologous position. The influence of these mutations on the reaction specificity and enantiospecificity was analyzed with (R,S)-mandelonitrile and (R,S)-2-phenylpropionitrile as substrates. The mutants obtained demonstrated significant differences in their amide-forming capacities. The exchange of Cys163 for asparagine or glutamine residues resulted in significantly increased amounts of amides formed. In contrast, a substitution for alanine or serine residues decreased the amounts of amides formed. The newly discovered mutation was combined with previously identified mutations which also resulted in increased amide formation. Thus, variants which possessed in addition to the mutation Cys163Asn also a deletion at the C terminus of the enzyme and/or the modification Ala165Arg were constructed. These constructs demonstrated increased amide formation capacity in comparison to the mutants carrying only single mutations. The recombinant plasmids that encoded enzyme variants which formed large amounts of mandeloamide or that formed almost stoichiometric amounts of mandelic acid from mandelonitrile were used to transform Escherichia coli strains that expressed a plant-derived (S)-hydroxynitrile lyase. The whole-cell biocatalysts obtained in this way converted benzaldehyde plus cyanide either to (S)-mandeloamide or (S)-mandelic acid with high yields and enantiopurities.
Influence of passive mechanical properties in healthy and infarcted rat myocardium on the cardiac cycle (2021)

Abstract Passive mechanics plays an important role during the electromechanically coupled cardiac cycle and its behaviour strongly changes after myocardial infarction. In the present work, the cardiac tissue is modelled as a mixture of an active orthotropic intact myocardium and a passive transversely isotropic fibrotic scar structure. We apply the constitutive model on the fully electromechanically coupled simulation of a cardiac cycle using a generic geometry of a rat left ventricle. Finally, the ejection fractions for various parameter sets based on the fitting to experimental data in different animal species as well as for a varying amount of fibrosis are compared. We show that both, the choice of species‐specific passive material parameters and the amount of fibrosis, have a significant influence on the cardiac performance measured by the ejection fraction of the left ventricle.
Mechanism for gastric cancer development by <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection (2008)

Abstract Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection plays a crucial role in the development of gastric cancer. There are two major pathways for the development of gastric cancer by H. pylori infection: the indirect action of H. pylori on gastric epithelial cells through inflammation, and the direct action of the bacteria on epithelial cells through the induction of protein modulation and gene mutation. Both pathways work together to promote gastric carcinogenesis.
A monoclonal antibody specific for carboxy-terminal region of yeast translation elongation factor-3 inhibits ribosome-activated ATPase activity but not intrinsic ATPase activity. (1996)

Elongation factor-3 (EF-3) is an essential translation elongation factor specific to yeasts and fungi. When EF-3 interacts with yeast ribosomes, its ATPase activity, which is indispensable for the function of EF-3 in translation, is drastically enhanced. In this study, a monoclonal antibody specific for the carboxy-terminal region inhibited the ribosome-activated ATPase activity of EF-3, while it did not inhibit the intrinsic ATPase activity of EF-3. The results suggest that the carboxy-terminal region of EF-3 is involved in the interaction with yeast ribosomes. The monoclonal antibody also inhibited poly(U)-directed poly(Phe) synthesis, which indicates that the carboxy-terminal region is important for EF-3 to express its function in the polypeptide elongation cycle.
Fetal biophysical profile score in triplet pregnancies. (1994)

Assessment of the last fetal biophysical profile score (BPS) (excluding nonstress test) prior to delivery was carried out in 35 triplet pregnancies. A normal BPS was found to be reliable in predicting nondistressed fetuses in triplets (specificity, 94.9%), while an equivocal BPS (6/8) had low sensitivity (14.3%) in predicting distressed fetuses. Two stillbirths were not detected by ultrasound prior to delivery. No correlation was found between the BPS and either neonatal morbidity or perinatal mortality. The BPS could not differentiate between distressed and nondistressed fetuses in the same pregnancy. These results suggest that an equivocal BPS has limited value in predicting fetal distress in triplet pregnancies, but a normal one could be used to predict nondistressed fetuses.
Predictors of work-related sensitisation, allergic rhinitis and asthma in early work life (2014)

Although work-related asthma and allergies are a huge burden for society, investigation of occupational exposures in early work life using an unexposed reference group is rare. Thus, the present analyses aimed to assess the potential impact of occupational exposure and other risk factors on the prevalence of work-related sensitisation and incidence of allergic rhinitis/asthma using a population-based approach and taking into account an unexposed reference group. In SOLAR (Study on Occupational Allergy Risks) II, German participants of ISAAC (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood) phase II were followed from childhood (9-11 years) until early adulthood (19-24 years). Data on 1570 participants were available to fit predictive models. Occupational exposure was not statistically significantly associated with disease prevalence/incidence. Sensitisation in childhood, parental asthma, environmental tobacco smoke exposure during puberty, sex and study location were statistically significant predictors of outcome. Our results indicate that occupational exposure is of little relevance for work-related sensitisation prevalence and allergic rhinitis/asthma incidence in early work life, while other risk factors can be used to improve career guidance for adolescents. Further research on the role of a potential healthy hire effect and the impact of longer exposure duration is needed.
A Novel Dual Separate Paths (DSP) Algorithm Providing Fault-Tolerant Communication for Wireless Sensor Networks (2017)

Fault tolerance has long been a major concern for sensor communications in fault-tolerant cyber physical systems (CPSs). Network failure problems often occur in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) due to various factors such as the insufficient power of sensor nodes, the dislocation of sensor nodes, the unstable state of wireless links, and unpredictable environmental interference. Fault tolerance is thus one of the key requirements for data communications in WSN applications. This paper proposes a novel path redundancy-based algorithm, called dual separate paths (DSP), that provides fault-tolerant communication with the improvement of the network traffic performance for WSN applications, such as fault-tolerant CPSs. The proposed DSP algorithm establishes two separate paths between a source and a destination in a network based on the network topology information. These paths are node-disjoint paths and have optimal path distances. Unicast frames are delivered from the source to the destination in the network through the dual paths, providing fault-tolerant communication and reducing redundant unicast traffic for the network. The DSP algorithm can be applied to wired and wireless networks, such as WSNs, to provide seamless fault-tolerant communication for mission-critical and life-critical applications such as fault-tolerant CPSs. The analyzed and simulated results show that the DSP-based approach not only provides fault-tolerant communication, but also improves network traffic performance. For the case study in this paper, when the DSP algorithm was applied to high-availability seamless redundancy (HSR) networks, the proposed DSP-based approach reduced the network traffic by 80% to 88% compared with the standard HSR protocol, thus improving network traffic performance.
Metastasis induced by overexpression of p185neuT after orthotopic injection into a prostatic epithelial cell line (NbE) (1997)

Overexpression of p185erbB2/neu has been detected in many adenocarcinomas, including prostatic cancer. In this study, a nontumorigenic cell line isolated from the rat prostatic epithelium (NbE) transfected with the activated oncogene p185neu-T was used to investigate the role of this oncogene in tumor progression. When clones overexpressing p185neu-T were injected orthotopically (1.5 to 2 × 106 cells) into the dorsal-lateral prostates of nude mice, prostatic tumors were detected in all mice injected and metastasis to the skeletal muscle in the rib area in 60–80% of the mice injected. Tumor and metastasis origin was confirmed by reselection with G418 and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. Control cell lines produced no prostatic tumors or metastases. Incubation at low density (12 500 cells/2 cm2) in serum-free medium revealed that clones overexpressing p185neu-T had a higher rate of [3H]thymidine incorporation than did control clones on 3, 5, and 7 d after plating (P ≤ 0.0001) and constitutively overexpressed the 2.6-kb ornithine decarboxylase transcript. Additionally, clones overexpressing p185neu-T demonstrated an increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and p180erbB4, as judged by RNA blot analysis. Together these data support the hypothesis that overexpression of p185neu-T fosters tumor progression by several pathways, including induction of the metastatic cascade, increased proliferative capabilities, and increased expression of other members of the erbB2 gene family. Mol. Carcinog. 19:165–175, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Role of vasopressin in essential hypertension (1997)

AVP seems to play a more important role as a pressor hormone in maintaining the elevation of arterial pressure in African-American hypertensives than it does in Caucasian hypertensives.
Lysosomal Chat Maintains the Balance (2006)

The original idea that each protein follows a particular proteolytic pathway for its degradation is no longer supported. Instead, different proteolytic systems can simultaneously contribute to the degradation of a particular protein, or they can alternate in this task depending, for the most part, on the cellular conditions. It is thus reasonable to expect that some level of communication exists among different proteolytic systems to orchestrate these coordinated activities. Direct cross-talk between two forms of autophagy, macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has been recently demonstrated. Cells respond to blockage of CMA by upregulating macroautophagy. Although macroautophagy cannot completely substitute for the lack of CMA, the partial redundancy between both pathways allows some level of compensation, enough to maintain protein degradation and preserve cell homeostasis. Understanding the cross-talk among different autophagic pathways and with other proteolytic systems is important to predict the type of compensatory mechanisms that could be elicited in response to failure of one of these systems, and to understand the consequences that manipulating one of these pathways for therapeutic purposes could have on the activity of the other pathways.
Prevention of salt-dependent cardiac remodeling and enhanced gene expression in stroke-prone hypertensive rats by the long-acting calcium channel blocker lacidipine (1998)

Lacidipine prevents the cardiac remodeling and enhanced gene expression induced by salt loading in SHRSP at doses that only minimally affect the high systolic blood pressure.
Modeling of the detachment of a molecule from a surface: Illustration of the “Bell–Evans effect” (2003)

This article deals with the modeling of the detachment of a molecule initially adsorbed on a surface and submitted to an external force whose strength increases with time. By means of an atomic force microscope (AFM), it is possible to measure the force when the molecule separates from the substrate. However, it is known that this force depends to a large extend on the rate at which the pulling force is applied ("Bell-Evans effect"). Two models are described to illustrate this behavior. First, a random walk approach is suggested to reveal the fundamental principle of the escape over a time-dependent energy barrier. Second, a multi bead-and-spring model is proposed to mimic the AFM experiment and numerical simulations, based on Brownian dynamics, are performed.
Structure-function relationships for the IL 2-receptor system. I. Localization of a receptor binding site on IL 2. (1986)

Interleukin 2 (IL 2) modulates the growth and differentiation of a variety of lymphocyte subclasses through its interaction with a specific cell surface receptor. Although both IL 2 and its receptor have been characterized extensively, the location of interaction sites on the two molecules is unknown. Synthetic peptides based on the IL 2 sequence were used to determine the epitopes seen by a number of antibodies reactive with IL 2, some of which inhibited the receptor binding of the factor and the proliferative response of target cells. The results indicated that inhibitory antibodies bound at either of two spatially distinct sites defined by amino acids 8-27 and 33-54. By inference, these segments may also encode distinct contact sites for receptor association. Alternatively, a single contact site may be located between the antibody epitopes in the three-dimensional configuration of the molecule. Although the data did not directly address the role of the C-terminal portion of IL 2, this preliminary localization of receptor contact sites within the N-terminal half of the molecule should prove useful in correlating structure and function during crystallographic analysis of the factor.
Explaining trends in health insurance coverage between 1988 and 1991. (1995)

This paper uses regression-based decompositions to examine the downward trend in insurance coverage between 1988 and 1991. I find that falling family incomes account for much of the decline in overall insurance coverage, while a secular decline in insurance coverage across all industries, firm sizes, employment statuses, income levels, and demographic groups accounts for most of the decline in employer-sponsored insurance among workers. Rising unemployment and changing patterns of industrial employment explain little of the decline in coverage across the entire population. Taken together, these results suggest that fewer employers are offering health coverage, workers are finding it difficult to pay their share of the premiums, and those without access to employer-sponsored plans are finding it harder to purchase nongroup insurance. Thus, it appears that the rising cost of health insurance coupled with falling incomes and profits during the recession account for the fall in health insurance coverage between 1988 and 1991.
Anomaly Detection Sensors for a Modbus-Based Oil and Gas Well-Monitoring System (2019)

Timely detection of network traffic anomalies in oil and gas wells is critical to support operations. This paper describes a network sensor that has been specifically designed to operate within an existing well-monitoring infrastructure. Network traffic and flow features are extracted in real-time and compared against pre-set and moving averages to detect and report anomalies. A prototype has been tested using the Modbus protocol and network traffic covering several months of operations. In order to avoid potential impact on the production environment, scripts captured network packets that were then replayed on the IMUNES network emulator. Preliminary results have identified useful metrics for anomaly detection in a production environment.
Long-Term Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Laser Ablation of Hyperfunctioning Parathyroid Adenomas: Present and Future Perspectives (2012)

Laser ablation produces a transient reduction of serum PTH and calcium levels but not a lasting resolution of hyperparathyroidism. Laser cannot be proposed as the definitive therapy of pHPT. Thus, studies aiming to identify therapeutic algorithms specific for parathyroid glands are needed to verify the utility of laser ablation in pHPT.