gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UV RAMAN SCATTERING MEASUREMENTS OF A MACH 2 REACTING FLOW OVER A PILOTED CAVITY (POSTPRINT) (2008)

UV Raman scattering measurements were made in a Mach 2 supersonic air flow over a cavity piloted with ethylene fuel (C2H4). The wall cavity simulated the pilot region of a scramjet combustor. In the UV Raman system, a 248 nm KrF excimer laser beam (400 mJ/pulse, 20 ns pulse length) was used to excite the Raman scattering in the combustion zone. Raman scattered light in the 254-278 nm spectral region allows measurement of the following molecular species: CO2 (257 nm), 02 (258 nm), N2 (263 nm), C2H4 (268 nm), H2O (273 nm) and H2 (277nm). To avoid damaging the fused-silica windows on the combustion test section: 1) the laser pulse was stretched from 20 ns to 150 ns using two optical delay cavities, 2) a long focal length lens (5 meters) focused the KrF beam to a relatively large diameter (1 mm diameter) and 3) the laser energy was decreased to 100 mJ/pulse. Under these conditions, the high power pulsed laser beam passed through the side fused-silica windows without inflicting damage. Raman scattered light was collected from the top fused-silica and was focused into a 0.32 meter spectrometer.
Stress Analysis and Evaluation of Cracks Developed on the Coatings for Welded Joints of Water Ballast Tanks (2005)

Abstract Ballast tanks are vulnerable to corrosion, this is due to the severe environmental conditions, when compared to other parts of the vessel. Normally durable epoxy coatings are applied to the ballast tanks to prevent corrosion. The complicated structure of ballast tanks makes it extremely difficult for the coating applicator to achieve perfect coating, this due to their complex structural geometry and awkward areas to coat properly. This is especially the case in the region of welding seams in the ballast tanks, and the whole process tends to slow down production and is a draw back to an otherwise high quality coating system One of the serious coating failures with ballast tank coating systems is cracking of the coating system in the versinity of the welding seams on stiffeners. The theory on how this occurs is thought to be thermal stress this is because either side of the divisional bulkheads which separates the crude oil tanks from the ballast tanks, experiences periodic temperature changes caused by the cargo tanks filled with hot crude oil on one side, while the adjacent or opposite side of the bulkhead which forms the ballast tank is filled with cold seawater. The coating material therefore expands and contracts during operation. We can assume one of the most probable reasons for the coating cracking is due to thermal stress concentration during unloading crude oil from cargo tanks. In this study, various experiments, such as thermal cycling test and other mechanical tests, were carried out to verify the reason of cracking. Also, on the basis of thermo-mechanical properties of coating materials FEM analysis was carried out to understand the reason for cracking, dependent on coating thickness. Cracking-probability can be estimated and predicted quantitatively through the results of thermal stress analysis. It can be used as a parameter in selecting the most suitable coating materials, which have better cracking-resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: (‐)‐15‐Deoxyspergualin: A New and Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis Which Allows the Definitive Assignment of the Absolute Configuration. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effectiveness and content analysis of interventions to enhance medication adherence and blood pressure control in hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2017)

This review and meta-analysis of interventions documented significant but modest post-intervention improvements in BP outcomes among hypertensive patients. However, this is a tentative finding as substantial heterogeneity and potential biases were present. One of the greatest challenges of this review was assessing risk of bias, extracting sufficient data to calculate effect size and coding interventions with the amount of information provided in papers. It is imperative that future adherence research comprehensively reports methodology.
Palladium(II) β-Agostic Alkyl Cations and Alkyl Ethylene Complexes:  Investigation of Polymer Chain Isomerization Mechanisms (2001)

A series of stable dialkyl complexes of Pd, (alpha-diimine)PdR2 (alpha-diimine = aryl-substituted diimine, R = n-Pr, n-Bu, i-Bu), have been prepared via Grignard alkylation of the corresponding (alpha-diimine)PdCl2 complexes. Protonation of these dialkyl species at low temperature results in loss of alkane and formation of cationic Pd beta-agostic alkyl complexes, which have been observed as intermediates in the polymerization of ethylene and propylene by these Pd catalysts. Studies of the structure and dynamic behavior of these alkyl complexes are presented, along with the results of trapping reactions of these species with ligands such as NCMe, CO, and C2H4. Trapping with ethylene results in formation of cationic alkyl ethylene complexes which model the catalyst resting state in these systems. These complexes have been used to obtain mechanistic details and kinetic parameters of several processes, including isomerization of the alkyl ethylene complexes, associative and dissociative exchange with free ethylene, and migratory insertion rates of both primary and secondary alkyl ethylene species. These studies indicate that the overall branching observed in polyethylenes produced by these Pd catalysts is governed both by the kinetics of migratory insertion and by the equilibria involving the alkyl ethylene complexes.
Cyclization by Intramolecular Carbolithiation of Alkyl- and Vinyllithiums Prepared by Reductive Lithiation:  Surprising Stereochemistry in the Lithium Oxyanion Accelerated Cyclization (2002)

The versatility of intramolecular carbolithiation of simple alkenes to yield cyclopentylmethyllithiums by unconjugated organolithiums is greatly increased (1) by generating the organolithiums by reductive lithiation of phenyl thioethers with aromatic radical anions and (2) by using allylic or homoallylic alcohol groups on the receiving alkene. This type of reductive lithiation allows virtually any kind of organolithium to be generated, usually in a connective manner. Furthermore, the allylic or homoallylic lithium oxyanionic groups on the alkene greatly accelerate the reactions and lead in most cases to completely stereoselective cyclization at -78 degrees . Most significantly, the trans stereoselectivity is the opposite from that observed when the organometallic is allylic. A four-membered ring has also been generated by this method.
Epinephrine stimulation of anion secretion in the Calu-3 serous cell model (2014)

Calu-3 is a well-differentiated human bronchial cell line with the characteristics of the serous cells of airway submucosal glands. The submucosal glands play a major role in mucociliary clearance because they secrete electrolytes that facilitate airway hydration. Given the significance of both long- and short-term β-adrenergic receptor agonists in the treatment of respiratory diseases, it is important to determine the role of these receptors and their ligands in normal physiological function. The present studies were designed to characterize the effect of epinephrine, the naturally occurring β-adrenergic receptor agonist, on electrolyte transport of the airway serous cells. Interestingly, epinephrine stimulated two anion secretory channels, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel, with the characteristics of transmembrane protein 16A, thereby potentially altering mucociliary clearance via multiple channels. Consistent with the dual channel activation, epinephrine treatment resulted in increases in both intracellular cAMP and Ca(2+). Furthermore, the present results extend previous reports indicating that the two anion channels are functionally linked.
PAT4 levels control amino-acid sensitivity of rapamycin-resistant mTORC1 from the Golgi and affect clinical outcome in colorectal cancer (2015)

Tumour cells can use strategies that make them resistant to nutrient deprivation to outcompete their neighbours. A key integrator of the cell's responses to starvation and other stresses is amino-acid-dependent mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Activation of mTORC1 on late endosomes and lysosomes is facilitated by amino-acid transporters within the solute-linked carrier 36 (SLC36) and SLC38 families. Here, we analyse the functions of SLC36 family member, SLC36A4, otherwise known as proton-assisted amino-acid transporter 4 (PAT4), in colorectal cancer. We show that independent of other major pathological factors, high PAT4 expression is associated with reduced relapse-free survival after colorectal cancer surgery. Consistent with this, PAT4 promotes HCT116 human colorectal cancer cell proliferation in culture and tumour growth in xenograft models. Inducible knockdown in HCT116 cells reveals that PAT4 regulates a form of mTORC1 with two distinct properties: first, it preferentially targets eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and second, it is resistant to rapamycin treatment. Furthermore, in HCT116 cells two non-essential amino acids, glutamine and serine, which are often rapidly metabolised by tumour cells, regulate rapamycin-resistant mTORC1 in a PAT4-dependent manner. Overexpressed PAT4 is also able to promote rapamycin resistance in human embryonic kidney-293 cells. PAT4 is predominantly associated with the Golgi apparatus in a range of cell types, and in situ proximity ligation analysis shows that PAT4 interacts with both mTORC1 and its regulator Rab1A on the Golgi. These findings, together with other studies, suggest that differentially localised intracellular amino-acid transporters contribute to the activation of alternate forms of mTORC1. Furthermore, our data predict that colorectal cancer cells with high PAT4 expression will be more resistant to depletion of serine and glutamine, allowing them to survive and outgrow neighbouring normal and tumorigenic cells, and potentially providing a new route for pharmacological intervention.
Self-limiting growth conditions on (001) InP by alternate triethylindium and tertiarybutylphosphine supply in ultrahigh vacuum (1999)

Alternate injections of triethylindium (TEI) and tertiarybutylphosphine (TBP) without precracking were used to realize self-limiting growth of an InP layer on a (001) InP substrate in ultrahigh vacuum. Self-limiting growth, in which the growth rate is independent of the injection time and the pressure of TEI and TBP, was achieved at a growth temperature as low as 320 °C. The growth rate of around 0.75 ML per cycle in self-limiting growth was assumed to be due to stable surface reconstruction of (2×4)-β. A specular surface morphology was obtained in the self-limiting growth condition. By analyzing the limitation of the growth rate as well as the surface morphology of the layer, self-limiting mechanisms were proposed with respect to suppression of the TEI decomposition on the indium surface during TEI injection, suppression of the phosphorus dissociation from the InP surface during TBP evacuation, and complete reaction between TEI and TBP during TBP injection. The growth condition range for self-limiting growth was expanded with the increase in TBP dosage which was defined as the multiplication of injection time and injection pressure.
The Du Pont Honors Workshop (1992)

Since 1984, Du Pont has held summer workshops, for high school teachers, designed to raise the quality of pre-college science teaching and foster industry/school partnerships in communities near Du Pont operating facilities. The workshops provide an introduction to polymer technology and biotechnology through lectures, hands-on laboratory experience, and field trips. An active follow-up program with graduates of the course has been established to build a continuing relationship with the technical community. Evaluations show that the workshop experience provides: enhanced professionalism, a better understanding of industrial chemical research, and more pertinence to their teaching.
Fracture risk in primary hyperparathyroidism. (2002)

A key component in the decision to perform surgery on patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is their skeletal status. Consequently, fracture risk in these patients has been investigated in a number of observational studies. Our group reported on a population-based cohort of residents from Rochester, MN, with primary HPT recognized during a 28-year period (1965-1992). The majority of these patients were asymptomatic, and most (77%) were managed conservatively. By contrast, a recent Danish study reported on a cohort of 674 patients, all of whom had surgery for primary HPT. Nonetheless, the risk of fracture was increased remarkably similarly in the two populations: vertebrae, approximately 3-fold; forearm, approximately 2-fold; hip, approximately 1.5-fold; and all fractures, approximately 1.5-fold. In both studies, parathyroid surgery seemed to have a protective effect. These (and previous studies) indicate that overall fracture risk is increased in primary HPT patients. An increase in forearm fracture risk is a relatively uniform finding and is consistent with known effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on cortical bone. However, the increase in vertebral fracture risk seen in most (but not all) studies does not fit with the observation that cancellous bone mass/structure is preserved in primary HPT patients. Based on these findings, future directions for research include (1) rigorously testing, in prospective studies, whether vertebral fracture risk is, in fact, increased in this disorder, and if so, determining the possible biomechanical mechanism(s) for this increase; and (2) testing whether the trend to increased hip fracture risk seen in some studies is real and whether it is more closely linked to cervical or intertrochanteric fractures.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM PLANTS USED IN BRAZILIAN POPULAR MEDICINE (1999)

ISHS II WOCMAP Congress Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Part 2: Pharmacognosy, Pharmacology, Phytomedicine, Toxicology ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS FROM PLANTS USED IN BRAZILIAN POPULAR MEDICINE
Modelling magnetostructural textures in magnetic shape‐memory alloys: Strain and magnetic glass behaviour (2014)

In this paper, we propose a model that combines a Landau free energy part and a micromagnetic free energy part aimed at describing a magnetostructural multiferroic. We show that in the limit of high‐elastic anisotropy and strong magnetostructural interplay, the model is able to reproduce characteristic strain and magnetization configurations typical of magnetic shape‐memory materials. For low‐elastic anisotropy, in the presence of disorder arising from compositional fluctuations giving rise to a distribution of local transition temperatures, the model is able to reproduce strain glass behaviour. In this case, the temperature dependence of the magnetization measured after zero magnetic field cooling deviates from the magnetization measured after magnetic field cooling protocol, which proves that the strain glass behaviour induces non‐ergodicity in the magnetic degrees of freedom as well.
Functional variation in allelic methylomes underscores a strong genetic contribution and reveals novel epigenetic alterations in the human epigenome (2017)

Our rich catalogue of haploid methylomes across multiple tissues will allow validation of epigenome association studies and exploration of new biological models for allelic exclusion in the human genome.
ChemInform Abstract: OBERFLAECHENZUSTAND KOMBINIERTER ELEKTRODEN BEI DER ELEKTRORED. VON ACETON (1970)

Abstract Zur Klärung der Wirkungsweise "kombinierter", das heißt elektrolytisch metallierter Elektroden, werden die Oberflächen von Zn‐aktivierten Fe‐, Zn‐ und Graphit‐Kathoden röntgendiffraktiometrisch untersucht.
744 (2015)

Middleton, Aurea; Sole, Mary; Conrad, Janet; Bennett, Melody; Deaton, Lara; Yan, Xin; Penoyer, Daleen; Mehta, Devendra
Influence of structural disorder on magnetic domain formation in perpendicular anisotropy thin films (2013)

Using a combination of resonant soft x-ray scattering, magnetometry, x-ray reflectivity, and microscopy techniques we have investigated the magnetic properties and microstructure of a series of perpendicular anisotropy Co/Pt multilayer films with respect to structural disorder tuned by varying the sputtering deposition pressure. The observed magnetic changes in domain size, shape, and correlation length originate from structural and chemical variations in the samples, such as chemical segregation and grain formation as well as roughness at the surface and interfaces, which are all impacted by the deposition pressure. All samples exhibited short-range ``liquid-like'' positional ordering over significant portions of their major hysteresis loops, while only the lowest disorder samples showed evidence of a random ``gas-like'' distribution of magnetic domains, present just after nucleation as well as prior to saturation. The structural and chemical disorder induced by the higher deposition pressure first leads to an increase in the number of magnetic point defects that limit free domain wall propagation. Then, as the sputtering pressure is further increased, the domain wall energy density is lowered due to the formation of local regions with reduced magnetic moment, and finally magnetically void regions appear that confine the magnetic domains and clusters, similar to segregated granular magnetic recording media.
STR application in the NTT network (1997)

Summary form only given, as follows. NTT has proposed a hybrid controlled dynamic routing scheme, state- and time-dependent routing (STR). The purpose of STR is to achieve high performance despite unpredictable real-time traffic fluctuations with minimum changes to switching software and operations systems. STR uses an appropriate combination of the two kinds of control, centralized and distributed. In the STR network, a set of alternate routes between each origin-destination node pair is determined on a time-dependent basis by a control center using a centralized control method. For call-level routing, state-dependent routing is achieved by using a distributed control method to determine an alternate route for each overflow call. Such distributed control routing schemes are now being called event-dependent routing. In 1992, the transition to a dynamic routing network, the STR network, began in the Tokyo metropolitan area. The extension of this STR network to the NTT long-distance network was completed in 1995. So far, the network has proven to be robust against traffic variation and facility failure. In the NTT long-distance network, the new network control and administration system has also been developed and implemented. This system aims at realizing efficient flow-through among control, administration and engineering processes. The processes for generating and controlling routing patterns for STR are carried out in this system. The author gives an overview of STR and the current STR network. It then describes the performance of STR with some examples from the NTT network and issues facing the STR network.
Synthesis of nuclear proteins during DNA repair synthesis in human diploid fibroblasts damaged with ultraviolet radiation of N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluroene. (1976)

We have examined the accumulation of newly synthesized nuclear proteins into nuclei during DNA repair synthesis in confluent WI-38 human diploid fibroblasts damaged with ultraviolet radiation or N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluroene. In contrast to a marked stimulation of DNA repair synthesis, stimulation of amino acid incorporation into histone polypeptides or into the various molecular weight classes of nonhistone nuclear proteins was not observed. These results suggest that detectable stimulation of newly synthesized nuclear protein incorporation into nuclei does not accompany DNA repair synthesis induced by ultraviolet radiation or a direct acting chemical carcinogen. At least for the special case of repair, DNA synthesis may be uncoupled from histone synthesis.
EMG-Controlled Hand Rehabilitation Device for Clinical and Domestic Use: Intensive and Repetitive Training with Patient Active Participation (2016)

The objective of this work is to describe and test a hand rehabilitation device with particular attention to the key ingredients for a successful neuro-motor rehabilitation training identified in literature, and in particular: i)\tadjunctive high duration and intensity therapy sessions; ii) functional orientation of the training; and iii) patient active involvement. The developed system is composed by a PC, the Gloreha hand rehabilitation glove along with its dedicated screen for visual feedback during movements execution, and the MYO armband for EMG signals recording. Multiple degrees-of-freedom hand grasp movements (i.e., grasping, grasp an object, pinching, wave) were predicted by means of surface EMG signals. Two cascaded artificial neural networks were exploited to detect the patient’s motion intention from the EMG signal window starting from the electrical activity onset up to the movement onset. The proposed approach was tested on nine healthy control subjects (7 females; age range 16-93 years) and it demonstrated an overall mean ± SD testing performance of 80% ± 13% for correctly predicting healthy users’ motion intention. A pilot post-stroke patient obtained a percentage of correctly classified tasks of 67% ± 16%. The classifier performance was negatively correlated with age, with the pilot patient behaving similarly to more aged participants.
Chemistry of copper CVD precursors on a Pt(111) surface (1992)

We have investigated the chemistry of Cu(hfac){sub 2}, (hfac)Cu(VTMS), (hfac)Cu(2-butyne), and hfach on a Pt(111) surface. In contrast to what is observed on copper surfaces. Cu(hfac)2 and hfach lead to the formation of distinctly different adsorbed hfac species on Pt(111). This shows the importance of the copper atoms themselves in determining the surface chemistry of copper {beta}-diketonate CVD precursors. The hfac species on Pt(111) are considerably less stable than hfac on copper, suggesting that unimolecular decomposition may lead to impurity incorporation in the interfacial region when copper is deposited onto a more reactive substrate. In situ CVD studies with Cu(I) {beta}-diketonates show that the bimolecular disproportionation reaction leading to copper CVD is favored over unimolecular precursor decomposition at pressures above approximately 10{sup {minus}5} torr.
Electromechanical hysteresis and coexistent states in dielectric elastomers (2007)

When a voltage is applied to a layer of a dielectric elastomer, the layer reduces in thickness and expands in area. A recent experiment has shown that the homogeneous deformation of the layer can be unstable, giving way to an inhomogeneous deformation, such that regions of two kinds coexist in the layer, one being flat and the other wrinkled. To analyze this instability, we construct for a class of model materials, which we call ideal dielectric elastomers, a free-energy function comprising contributions from stretching and polarizing. We show that the free-energy function is typically nonconvex, causing the elastomer to undergo a discontinuous transition from a thick state to a thin state. When the two states coexist in the elastomer, a region of the thin state has a large area and wrinkles when constrained by nearby regions of the thick state. We show that an elastomer described by the Gaussian statistics cannot stabilize the thin state, but a stiffening elastomer near the extension limit can. We further show that the instability can be tuned by the density of cross-links and the state of stress.