gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Depth Image-Based Rendering and Image Domain Warping in 3D Video Coding (2014)

3D became successful in the movie theaters but failed to become mainstream for home use. The inconvenience of wearing glasses is arguably the reason and researchers have been investigating solutions for glasses-free 3D displays. Today, the most promising solution is the autostereoscopic display, which require many views of the same scene to be displayed simultaneously for a comfortable viewing experience. However, coding 3D video (3DV) with too many views is impractical with current networks and the 3DV coding standard, H.264/MVC (MVC), as the necessary bitrate is linearly proportional to the number of coded views. Instead, only a sparse set of anchor views can be compressed with some supplementary data and the remaining can be synthesized at the decoder. In this dissertation, we compare two very popular view synthesis methods, Depth Image-Based Rendering (DIBR) and Image Domain Warping (IDW), in terms of their coding efficiency and complexity. First, we establish a common formulation that allows us to compare DIBR and IDW and their associated 3DV representations mathematically. Then we provide the details of a fast DIBR-based view synthesis method and its implementation on GPU. We show that it can synthesize views with good objective quality and can provide inter-view consistency with almost constant time complexity in terms of the number of synthesized views. Moreover, we present a new coding tool, "Depth-based Prediction Mode" (DBPM), and incorporate it into the coding loop of MVC. Using DBPM, we realize a novel MVD codec and we show that view synthesis can also be used for better prediction of the anchor views. DBPM uses the supplementary depth data and DIBR to achieve up to 9.2%, 9.9% and 6.7% bitrate savings over MVC for coding MVD data, depth maps and multiview videos, respectively. Finally, we establish a codec framework based on the next generation candidate 3DV coding standard (3D-AVC), which has prediction tools similar to the DBPM already incorporated, and show that both DIBR and IDW can be used in this framework without any syntax changes to the standard. Using this framework we show that IDW achieves better coding performance than DIBR with average bitrate savings of 12.8% for anchor views and 1.5% for the synthesized views with significantly lower computational complexity. Finally, we provide an analysis on the effect of camera noise on measuring the quality of synthesized views with DIBR and IDW and show that camera noise produce a bias towards better measurements for DIBR. Recalculating the bitrate savings on sequences without camera noise shows that IDW can actually achieve average bitrate savings of 8.8% in the synthesized views instead of 1.5%
Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) Intensity Imaging for Evaluation of Dysplasia in Barrettʼs Esophagus (2016)

Introduction: Barrett's without dysplasia (WD) and with dysplasia either low grade (LGD) or high grade (HGD) have different prognosis and management strategies. The standard mechanism for histologic diagnosis is tedious and can miss areas of interest. SHG laser is a coherent nonlinear process, where two lower energy photons are up-converted to twice the incident frequency (half the wavelength) of an excitation laser. SHG has the ability to directly visualize the collagen assembly in the extracellular matrix (ECM), which can be related to pathologic effect. Previous studies have demonstrated this effect on multiple tissues including differentiating between malignant and non-malignant colon polyp tissue. We postulate that SHG could be utilized in the evaluation of Barrett's tissue to differentiate between nondysplastic and dysplastic Barrett's tissue.Table 1: Mean AIPP and Mean Rank for AIPP for Barrett's without dysplasia, low grade dysplasia, and high grade dysplasiaMethods: A total of 9 de-identified H&E slides were obtained through IRB exempt protocol. This included 3 slides of Barrett's WD, 3 slides of LGD, and 3 slides of HGD. SHG laser was used to obtain 10 different images for WD and LGD, and 9 images for HGD at constant average power of excitation light (20 milliwatts) at 800 nm. The SHG images were analyzed using Image J software (NIH). The black areas in background with pixels intensity below noise threshold were eliminated from all images. The average intensity per pixel (AIPP) was calculated for each image by dividing the sum of all intensities by the total number of pixels. Results: The mean AIPP for Barrett's WD was 68.6, for Barrett's with LGD 45.6 and for Barrett's with HGD 110.5. Using Kruskall-Wallis test, the mean rank order for Barrett's WD was 17.9, for Barrett's with LGD 12.4, and for Barrett's with HGD 14.7 (p=0.349). ANOVA analysis of data showed F of 1.199 and p 0.317. Conclusion: The mean AIPP was increased for HGD compared to Barrett's without dysplasia indicating that HGD had more absorptive fibers. Although the means between Barrett's WD and HGD differed the result was not found to be statistically significant. We postulate this is due to low sample size and degrees of variable image absorptive properties among the HGD group. The difference in means is suggestive that AIPP derived from SHG may be useful in differentiation of Barrett's without dysplasia and high grade dysplasia, however further research with increased sample size or unprepared tissue is needed.
Sequence-Specific Assignments of Methyl Groups in High-Molecular Weight Proteins (2004)

A new 3D multiple-quantum (H)CCmHm-TOCSY experiment is proposed to assign methyl resonances in high-molecular weight proteins, on the basis of spectral patterns and prior backbone assignments. The favorable relaxation properties of the multiple-quantum coherences and the slow decays of in-phase methyl 13C magnetizations optimize performance of the proposed experiment for application to large proteins. The experiment has been demonstrated on an acyl carrier protein synthase (trimer, 42 kDa, overall correlation time of 26 ns) at 25 degrees C, and 63 out of 67 nonmethionine methyl groups have been assigned.
Observation of elastic macroscopic quantum tunneling of the charge variable (1992)

The tunneling characteristics of a two-junction system created with extremely small metal particles is studied in the voltage region within the Coulomb blockade. We observe a conductance orders of magnitude lower than outside the blockade, which matches predictions for a superposition of elastic and inelastic macroscopic quantum tunneling of the charge variable Q.
Minimum energy dissipation model for river basin geometry (1994)

A simple minimum energy dissipation model has been used to simulate the distribution of rivers and river basins in a region with a square boundary. The cumulative distribution of basin areas N(A>${\mathit{A}}^{\mathrm{*}}$) was found to have a power law form N(A>${\mathit{A}}^{\mathrm{*}}$)\ensuremath{\sim}${\mathit{A}}^{\mathrm{*}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}(\mathrm{\ensuremath{\tau}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1)}$ with an exponent (\ensuremath{\tau}-1) that is close to the value of 1/2 obtained from a simple scaling theory. The boundaries of the river basins were found to be self-similar with a fractal dimension of about 1.10. In many respects (distribution of stream internal link lengths, distribution of energy dissipation, basin boundary geometry, etc.) the results obtained from this model are similar to data obtained from natural channel networks. In other respects significant differences remain. In particular, the main channels of the individual rivers are much straighter than those of real rivers.
Antihypertensive effect of alkaline protease hydrolysate of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martencii & separation and identification of angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory peptides (2003)

アコヤガイ貝肉タンパク質をアルカリプロテアーゼ分解し,その分解放による血圧降下作用を高血圧自然発症ラット(SHR/Izm)を用いて,投与後6時間の収縮期血圧により調べた。分解放の低分子溶出画分側からACE阻害活性の高い画分を得たので,これを逆相クロマトグラフィーに供し,ACE阻害活性の高い生理活性ペプチドを,ACE阻害ペプチド(Ala-Trp)を含めて4種類分離・同定した。さらにこれらのペプチドのACE阻害への寄与率は4.5%であった。アコヤガイ貝肉の機能性食素材としての可能性を検討したので報告をする。
Establishment and Characterization of Ovalbumin-Specific T Cell Lines from Patients with Egg Allergy (1996)

In order to investigate T cell recognition of allergens in hen egg allergy, we have established 30 ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell lines (TCLs) from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 6 patients with atopic dermatitis, who are positive for IgE antibodies to OVA and clinically allergic to hen egg, and characterized them for their cytokine production pattern. All TCLs we could study were mainly composed of CD4+ T cells. Most TCLs produced significant amounts of interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-5 but no or very little interferon gamma on antigen stimulation, suggesting that these TCLs belong to TH2-type T cells. Restriction elements and epitope specificities were further studied on some TCLs. Antibody blocking of the proliferative responses of the TCLs to OVA indicated that HLA-DR are acting as the dominant restriction elements for these TCLs with minor contribution of HLA-DQ. By use of 187 overlapping synthetic peptides covering the whole sequence of OVA, at least 3 different T cell epitopes were identified.
A GC-MS study of the addition reaction of aryl amines with acrylic monomers (1998)

Previous studies have shown that the interaction of carboxylic acid groups with the amine functionalities of aryl amines, especially secondary and tertiary aryl amines, can lead to the free-radical polymerization of acrylic monomers such as methyl methacrylate. In this study, the Michael addition reaction of primary and secondary aryl amines with acrylic monomers such as acrylic acid (AA) was investigated. Equivalent amounts of either p-toluidine (PT) or N-phenylglycine (NPG) and AA were combined in polar solvents such as ethanol. The reactions were conducted at ambient (23°C) or near-ambient (37–60°C) temperatures. Samples (about 3–5 mg) of these products were then trimethylsilylated with a solution consisting of 0.4 mL of bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) and 0.4 mL of acetonitrile by heating for 30 min at 140°C under N2. These derivatives were characterized by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The GC–MS analyses suggest that 1 mol of the primary amine PT had reacted with 2 mol of AA to yield the expected N-p-tolyliminodipropionic acid. Similarly, the secondary amine NPG added to 1 mol of AA yielded the corresponding mixed iminodiacid, N-phenyliminoacetic–propionic acid. It would appear that the Michael reaction of primary and secondary amines with acrylic monomers may offer a general, facile synthetic route to a variety of tertiary amines. Aryl amino acids of the type synthesized in this study may find use in a number of dental applications, e.g., as surface-active adhesive agents and as polymerization initiators or activators. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polm Sci 67:1545–1551, 1998
Influence of temperature and spawning effort on <i>Haliotis tuberculata</i> mortalities caused by <i>Vibrio harveyi</i>: an example of emerging vibriosis linked to global warming (2009)

Abstract Since 1998, Haliotis tuberculata mass mortalities have been occurring regularly in wild abalone populations in France during their reproductive period and in conjunction with seawater summer temperature maxima and Vibrio harveyi presence. To confirm the importance of bacterial exposure, temperature and reproductive status on abalone susceptibility, experimental infections via bath exposure were performed using abalone ranging from immature to reproductively mature. Ripe abalone were more susceptible to the bacterium than immature specimens ( P <0.001), and a difference of only 1 °C in temperature had a highly significant impact on the mortalities ( P <0.001). The natural mortalities that were surveyed during summer 2007 confirmed that recent epidemic losses of European abalone appeared in conjunction with host reproductive stress, elevated temperatures and presence of the pathogen V. harveyi . In view of the elevation of the mean summer temperatures observed in Brittany and Normandy over the last 25 years, this temperature‐dependent vibriosis represents a new case of emerging disease associated with global warming.
The Origin of Amniotic Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes in the Mare (2013)

The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and origin of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNLs) in the amniotic fluid of mares giving birth to healthy foals. Material from 25 mares was included. Amniotic fluid was collected during parturition before breakage of the amniotic vesicle. Manual microscopic cytologic evaluation was made on cytospin preparations after staining. PMNLs were found in all amniotic samples examined. The genomic DNA was extracted from 12 of the amniotic fluid samples and was genotyped. The results indicate that the PMNLs originate from the foetus.
The applications of EBG structures in power/ground plane pair SSN suppression (2005)

SSN suppression in power delivery systems using electromagnetic band gap structures is discussed. Factors that affect the EBG performance are presented. The performance of a PDS with EBGs and decoupling capacitors is compared to designs with only decoupling capacitors.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalated 2‐Alkenylsulfoximines: Efficient Solutions for Asymmetric d3‐ Synthons. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Immunoscintigraphy of colorectal cancers and specific immunotherapy of pancreatic cancers using monoclonal antibodies]. (1988)

The routine application of immunoscintigraphy for the detection of colorectal carcinomas is now possible thanks to the development of the BW 431/31-F(ab')2-DTPA-In-111 or the BW 431/26-Tc-99m kits. The quick tumor localization (6 hours p.i.), the specificity and sensitivity (approximately equal to 90%) as well as the lack of side reactions argue for the quality of the reagents. The change from I-131 labelled murine monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to In-111 or Tc-99m immunoconjugates in kit form resulted in a reduction of radiation dose for the patient down to 20% (In-111) or to 5% (Tc-99m) of the dose applied using I-131 labelled MAbs. The BW 250/183-Tc-99m conjugate suited for the immunoscintigraphic detection of inflammatory processes by in vivo labelling of granulocytes possesses the same favourable characteristics. The specific tumor immunotherapy of pancreatic carcinoma using MAb BW 494 points to interesting effects which have to be statistically confirmed in future clinical trials.
Enhanced production of Rauscher leukemia virus after infection of high-passaged JLS-V9 cells (1978)

JLS-V9, a mouse bone marrow cell line infected with Rauscher leukemia virus at high passage level, produced larger amounts of virus than the standard JLS-V10 cells. The enhanced virus production was attributed to the increased saturation density of JLS-V9 cells.
Robust optical eye detection during head movement (2010)

Finding the eye(s) in an image is a critical first step in a remote gaze-tracking system with a working volume large enough to encompass head movements occurring during normal user behavior. We briefly review an optical method which exploits the retroreflective properties of the eye, and present a novel method for combining difference images to reject motion artifacts. Best performance is obtained when a curvature operator is used to enhance punctate features, and search is restricted to a neighborhood about the last known location. Optimal setting of the size of this neighborhood is aided by a statistical model of naturally-occurring head movements; we present head-movement statistics mined from a corpus of around 800 hours of video, collected in a team-performance experiment.
Change of the thermoelectric voltage of type R thermocouples in the freezing points of aluminum and silver cells with the heat treatment methods (1994)

In order to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the thermoelectric motive force (EMF) of type R thermocouples, the changes of EMF in the freezing points of aluminum and silver cells were measured with the immersion depth of themocouples. With the variation of heat treatment methods before use, it was found that the EMF values were different from each other, maximum at and at . Additionally a thermocouple, which was not heat-treated fully, showed an EMF difference with the immersion depth even though it was located on the region maintained at the constant temperature. The measured differences were about maximum at the Al freezing point and at the Ag freezing point. It was recongnized that a thermocouple for the precise temperature measurement should be heat-treated carefully before service. In this report, the proper heat treatment methods for the type R thermocouple were given on the basis of the obtained experimental results.
Masticatory muscle reaction in simulated low-velocity rear-end impacts. (2006)

EMG activity increased with increased impact magnitude. Temporal and amplitude awareness of a simulated impact did not produce a difference in the masticatory muscle response. Gender differences were identified in the anterior temporalis muscle response. The onset of the masticatory muscle response occurred after peak angular acceleration of the head but prior to peak angular displacement of the head.
Re-Entry Vehicle Optimization and Synthesis Program (1963)

Prior to the detailed design of a ballistic vehicle, it is highly desirable to investigate many combinations of load carrying structure and thermal shield. To realize this goal, an IBM 7090 computer program was recently developed for use in preliminary design at General Electric's Re-entry Systems Department. Needing only the basic vehicle shape and aerodynamic and trajectory data, this program determines structural loads and heat flux throughout the trajectory. Using these data, the minimum weight combination of structural material-configuration and thermal shield is then selected. The program consists of four modules: Structural loads, thermal flux, thermal conductivity, and structural analyses. The structural analyses built into this program consider the common light-weight missile structures, that is, honeycomb sandwich, corrugation-stiffened sheet, waffle-reinforced sheet, and so forth. Minimum weight trends are presented for the corrugation-stiffened and waffle-reinforced shell subjected to re-entry loads of axial compression and external pressure. The comprehensive use of the digital computer in preliminary structural design optimization and synthesis programs is illustrated.
Measurement of the internal photoeffect quantum yield in semiconductors (2013)

A method for measuring the internal photoeffect quantum yield in various semiconductors is described. It is based on the fact that the dependence of the charge-carrier separation coefficient at a p-n junction on the wavelength of incident radiation in the proposed structure is constant in a wide range of short wavelengths. The results of measurements of the spectral sensitivity at two wavelengths, one of which is chosen in a region where the quantum yield is a priori equal to unity, is calculated for the second wavelength.
Who infects whom? HIV-1 concordance and discordance among migrant and non-migrant couples in South Africa (2003)

Migration continues to play an important role in the spread of HIV-1 in South Africa. The direction of spread of the epidemic is not only from returning migrant men to their rural partners, but also from women to their migrant partners. Prevention efforts will need to target both migrant men and women who remain at home.
GenNets: genetically programmed neural nets-using the genetic algorithm to train neural nets whose inputs and/or outputs vary in time (1991)

The author shows that the generic algorithm (GA) can be applied successfully to training nonconvergent networks, and presents some examples of their extraordinary behavioral versatility. He first gives a brief summary of the GA and the genetic programming of neural networks. He shows how GP techniques were used to evolve GenNets with specified operating conditions, and demonstrates some of the extraordinary capacities of time-dependent GenNets. He also makes a plea to the neural network research community to 'shift its sights upwards' by devoting more effort to thinking about 'dynamic' neural networks in general, and the theory of GenNet dynamics and 'evolvability' in particular.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alternaria infectoria , a Promising Biological Control Agent for the Fig Wax Scale, Ceroplastes rusci (Homoptera: Coccidae), in Egypt (1997)

Alternaria infectoria E . G . Simmons was isolated from naturally infected eggs of the fig wax scale insect , Ceroplastes rusci L . (Homoptera: Coccidae) , that were showing different degrees of shriveling . This fungus proved to be pathogenic to eggs , nymphs and adults of this pest . The fungus had significant effects on both the mortality and hatchability of the eggs ( P = 0 . 0001) . Three days after exposure to the fungus , nearly one - third (31 . 5%) of the fungus - treated eggs became discolored and 17% showed moderate shrinking but no mortality . Fifteen days post - application , 91% of the fungus - treated eggs were diseased (74 . 8% of them were dead) due to A. infectoria, while no disease developed on the untreated eggs . Hatching decreased by 39 . 6% over a 15 - day period in the fungus - treated eggs compared to the control . Additionally , crawlers hatching from fungus - treated eggs became infected . The fungus seemed to induce crawlers to enter the settling stage . Seventy - two per cent of the fungus - treated crawlers versus 9% of the untreated controls entered the settling stage 6 days after exposure to the fungal inoculum . The highest level of nymphal mortality attributed to A. infectoria occurred when 30% (wet w:v blended mycelium in water containing 0 . 5% w:v Metamucil) inoculum was applied , and a high relative humidity was maintained for the following 48 h . This is the first record of A. infectoria on the fig wax scale and for the genus Alternaria as an entomopatho genic fungus . Keywords: Biological Insect ControlFungiEntomopathogensAlternaria InfectoriaCeroplastes RusciFig Wax Scale
<title>Optimal scheduling of capture times in a multiple-capture imaging system</title> (2002)

Several papers have discussed the idea of extending image sensor dynamic range by capturing several images during a normal exposure time. Most of these papers assume that the images are captured according to a uniform or an exponentially increasing exposure time schedule. Even though such schedules can be justified by certain implementation considerations, there has not been any systematic study of how capture time schedules should be optimally determined. In this paper we formulae the multiple capture time scheduling problem when the incident illumination probability density function (pdf) is completely known as a constrained optimization problem. We aim to find the capture times that maximize the average signal SNR. The formulation leads to a general upper bound on achievable average SNR using multiple capture for any given illumination pdf. For a uniform pdf, the average SNR is a concave function in capture times and therefore well-known convex optimization techniques can be applied to find the global optimum. For a general piece-wise uniform pdf, the average SNR is not necessarily concave. The cost function, however, is a Difference of Convex (D.C.) function and well-established D.C. or global optimization techniques can be used.