gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i> Arabidopsis <scp>EDT</scp> 1 </i> / <i> <scp>HDG</scp> 11 </i> improves drought and salt tolerance in cotton and poplar and increases cotton yield in the field (2015)

Drought and salinity are two major environmental factors limiting crop production worldwide. Improvement of drought and salt tolerance of crops with transgenic approach is an effective strategy to meet the demand of the ever-growing world population. Arabidopsis ENHANCED DROUGHT TOLERANCE1/HOMEODOMAIN GLABROUS11 (AtEDT1/HDG11), a homeodomain-START transcription factor, has been demonstrated to significantly improve drought tolerance in Arabidopsis, tobacco, tall fescue and rice. Here we report that AtHDG11 also confers drought and salt tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and woody plant poplar (Populus tomentosa Carr.). Our results showed that both the transgenic cotton and poplar exhibited significantly enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress with well-developed root system. In the leaves of the transgenic cotton plants, proline content, soluble sugar content and activities of reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes were significantly increased after drought and salt stress compared with wild type. Leaf stomatal density was significantly reduced, whereas stomatal and leaf epidermal cell size were significantly increased in both the transgenic cotton and poplar plants. More importantly, the transgenic cotton showed significantly improved drought tolerance and better agronomic performance with higher cotton yield in the field both under normal and drought conditions. These results demonstrate that AtHDG11 is not only a promising candidate for crops improvement but also for woody plants.
Factors affecting measurement of urinary oxalate. (1984)

Using a gas-chromatographic method, we examined the effects of phosphate concentration, added calcium chloride, and pH on precipitation of oxalate from urine. All three factors are important, but the pH of precipitation is particularly so, especially in the presence of even normal concentrations of ascorbic acid. At pH 8, increases in measured oxalate ranged from 20% at an ascorbic acid concentration of 1 mmol/L to more than 300% at 15 mmol/L. Ascorbic acid is rapidly converted to oxalate at alkaline pH. We also investigated the stability of both untreated and acidified urine containing ascorbic acid during storage for up to one month at -70, -20, and 4 degrees C, and room temperature. After one month, untreated collections were stable at -70 degrees C and acidified collections at -20 and -70 degrees C. We recommend conditions for assay and storage of urine specimens that are to be assayed for oxalate under which positive interference by ascorbic acid is minimized.
Time-Varying Fault Diagnosis for Asynchronous Multisensor Systems Based on Augmented IMM and Strong Tracking Filtering (2018)

A fault detection, isolation, and estimation approach is proposed in this paper based on Interactive Multimodel (IMM) fusion filtering and Strong Tracking Filtering (STF) for asynchronous multisensors dynamic systems. Time-varying fault is considered and a candidate fault model is built by augmenting the unknown fault amplitude directly into the system state for each kind of possible fault mode. By doing this, the dilemma of predetermining the fault extent as model design parameters in traditional IMM-based approaches is avoided. After that, the time-varying fault amplitude is estimated based on STF using its strong ability to track abrupt changes and robustness against model uncertainties. Through fusing information from multiple sensors, the performance of fault detection, isolation, and estimation is approved. Finally, a numerical simulation is performed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improving Performance of Multiclass Classification by Inducing Class Hierarchies (2017)

In the last decades, one issue that has received a lot of attention in classification problems is how to obtain better classifications. This problem becomes even more complicated when the number of classes is high. In this multiclass scenario, it is assumed that the class labels are independent of each other, and thus, most techniques and methods proposed to improve the performance of the classifiers rely on it. An alternative way to address the multiclass problem is to hierarchically distribute the classes in a collection of multiclass subproblems by reducing the number of classes involved in each local subproblem. In this paper, we propose a new method for inducing a class hierarchy from the confusion matrix of a multiclass classifier. Then, we use the class hierarchy to learn a tree-like hierarchy of classifiers for solving the original multiclass problem in a similar way as the top-down hierarchical classification approach does for working with hierarchical domains. We experimentally evaluate the proposal on a collection of multiclass datasets showing that, in general, the generated hierarchies not only outperforms the original (flat) classification but also hierarchical approaches based on other alternative ways of constructing the class hierarchy.
Subclavian Vein Catheterizations (1971)

From the Department of Surgery, Bellevue Hospital and New York University Medical Center, New York City
Pyrene terminal functionalized perylene diimide as non-fullerene acceptors for bulk heterojunction solar cells (2015)

Two perylene diimide based small molecules with different terminal groups of pyrene and<italic>tert</italic>-butyl pyrene were developed as acceptor materials in organic solar cells.
Difficult Intubation Managed Using Standard Laryngeal Mask Airway, Flexible Fibreoptic Bronchoscope and Wire Guided Enteral Feeding Tube (2005)

This case report describes an alternative method of achieving trans-oral intubation in a patient with a difficult airway who was apnoeic secondary to the therapeutic administration of a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drug given to aid laryngoscopy. After attempts to intubate were unsuccessful by means of direct laryngoscopy utilizing various aids including bougies, a standard laryngeal mask airway was used to ventilate the patient and subsequently, with a swivel Y-connector attached in order to maintain PEEP, to aid the passage of a bronchoscope. The flexible guide-wire from an enteral feeding tube was then passed through the suction port of the bronchoscope into the trachea, after which the laryngeal mask airway and bronchoscope were withdrawn. By passing the enteral feeding tube over the guide-wire and then using this as a guide, a cuffed endotracheal tube was inserted into the trachea. The technique described permitted the continuous application of positive airway pressure, which dramatically improved the bronchoscopic view during the crucial step of placing the guide-wire into the trachea. Passing the feeding tube over the guide-wire aided the subsequent passage of the endotracheal tube, by acting as a stiffer and larger diameter guide through the glottis.
Impulse noise reduction circuit for communication receivers (1960)

In this paper a comparatively simple scheme of reducing the impulse noise is suggested. This system consists of a gating signal generator and a balanced gate. It functions as follows: the impulse noise in the antenna triggers the gating signal generator. This generator produces a gating signal which in turn controls a balance gate. The function of the gate is to block the transmission during the gating period. Both the principle and the circuits of this impulse noise reduction scheme are described. Experimental results give the improvement of signal to noise ratio at the audio output ranging from 14 to 18 db.
Synthesis of oxynitride materials for solar water splitting: investigations with ambient pressure and high pressure synthesis techniques (2017)

Solar water splitting, a photocatalytic process where water is directly split into hydrogen and oxygen using sunlight absorbing semiconductor materials, is one of the most sought after methods to make hydrogen economy a reality. Oxynitrides containing d0 and d10 cations tend to have the appropriate band structure required for solar water splitting. So far, reported efficiencies are not high enough for practical use and synthesizing an oxynitride showing high enough efficiency remains necessary. In this dissertation, we discuss the synthesis of oxynitrides and studying their optical and photocatalytic properties with a particular emphasis on utilizing exploratory high pressure synthesis. High pressure synthesis is an interesting route to synthesize oxynitrides as this can stabilize reactants that tend to decompose at ambient pressure, helping to achieve the intended stoichiometry. For synthesis, we selected candidate compositions from published theoretical studies. Reactions were carried out at pressures around 1-3 GPa and at temperatures up to 1300â °C in a multi-anvil large volume press. Phase changes were observed with in situ X-ray scattering. In these experiments, we found that most d0 and d10 cations tend to reduce in the high pressure reaction environment as temperature increases, but Zr4+, Hf4+, and Ta5+ tend to retain their oxidation state. This information will be helpful in future theoretical studies to accurately predict stable oxynitrides synthesizable at high pressure. We synthesized (GaN)1â€“x(ZnO)x solid solution in the entire composition range at 1 GPa, 1150â °C. The material showed photocatalytic H2 evolution activity even without surface modification with co catalysts, first such observed for this system. The minimum band gap of 2.65 eV and the highest H2 evolution activity of 2.31 Î¼mol/h were observed at x = 0.51. On our initial investigation on the synthesis of gallium oxynitride spinel (Ga3O3N3) at high pressure, we found that the material could be formed by direct ammonolysis of gallium nitrate hydrate at ambient pressure. The formed product was nanocrystalline and exhibited an indirect band gap of 2.5 eV. The material photocatalytically evolved H2 at an initial rate 8 Î¼mol/ h, but the activity diminished after five hours due to degradation forming gallium oxide hydroxide. | 107 pages
A path-following driver/vehicle model with optimized lateral dynamic controller (2014)

Reduction in traffic congestion and overall number of accidents, especially within the last decade, can be attributed to the enormous progress in active safety. Vehicle path following control with the presence of driver commands can be regarded as one of the important issues in vehicle active safety systems development and more realistic explanation of vehicle path tracking problem. In this paper, an integrated driver/DYC control system is presented that regulates the steering angle and yaw moment, considering driver previewed path. Thus, the driver previewed distance, the heading error and the lateral deviation between the vehicle and desired path are used as inputs. Then, the controller determines and applies a corrective steering angle and a direct yaw moment to make the vehicle follow the desired path. A PID controller with optimized gains is used for the control of integrated driver/DYC system. Genetic Algorithm as an intelligent optimization method is utilized to adapt PID controller gains for various working situations. Proposed integrated driver/DYC controller is examined on lane change manuvers andthe sensitivity of the control system is investigated through the changes in the driver model and vehicle parameters. Simulation results show the pronounced effectiveness of the controller in vehicle path following and stability.
Protein Design Using Continuous Rotamers (2012)

Software is available under the Lesser GNU Public License v3. Contact the authors for source code.
Why Is a High Temperature Needed by Thermus thermophilus Argonaute During mRNA Silencing: A Theoretical Study (2018)

<i>Thermus thermophiles</i> Argonaute (TtAgo) is a complex, which is consisted of 5'-phosphorylated guide DNA and a series of target DNA with catalytic activities at high temperatures. To understand why high temperatures are needed for the catalytic activities, three molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations at 310, 324, and 338K were performed for the TtAgo-DNA complex to explore the conformational changes between 16-mer guide DNA/15-mer target DNA and TtAgo at different temperatures. The simulation results indicate that a collapse of a small β-strand (residues 507-509) at 310 K caused Glu512 to move away from the catalytic residues Asp546 and Asp478, resulting in a decrease in catalytic activity, which was not observed in the simulations at 324 and 338 K. The nucleic acid binding channel became enlarged at 324 and 338K, thereby facilitating the DNA to slide in. Binding free energy calculations and hydrogen bond occupancy indicated that the interaction between TtAgo and the DNA was more stable at 324K and 338K than at 310 K. The DNA binding pocket residues Lys575 and Asn590 became less solvent accessible at 324 and 338K than at 310 K to influence hydrophilic interaction with DNA. Our simulation studies shed some light on the mechanism of TtAgo and explained why a high temperature was needed by TtAgo during gene editing of CRISPR.
Controlling a Brushless DC Motor in a Shift-by-Wire System (2003)

Shift-by-Wire is about replacing the mechanical link between the automatic transmission and the shift lever with an electromechanical system. This will make new safety functions possible and assist the driver in other ways. To do this, an actuator with a brushless DC motor is built into the transmission. It controls the position of the shift valve, which decides the driving position. This thesis concerns the controlling of the brushless DC motor. This is done by programming a shift control unit with a Motorola HC12 microcontroller. The performance of the motor is then tested and evaluated.
Quake Tests Hospital Communications on All Fronts (1994)

Hundreds of injured people flocking to the emergency room...water gushing from a broken sprinkler system...a nine-hour power outage...These were just some of the crises facing Cedars-Sinai Medical Center after a 6.8 magnitude earthquake rocked Los Angeles at 4:31 a.m. on Jan. 17. Fortunately, the center's public relations staff was ready. Armed with valuable experience gained during the previous Los Angeles riots and in practice drills, department members were able to communicate successfully with external and internal audiences after the quake. Because it is located near Beverly Hills, Cedars-Sinai often serves celebrities and movie stars. Ironically, the earthquake catapulted the medical center's communicators into the limelight as prime information sources about the quake's aftermath. As a result, they garnered media coverage around the world for the 900-bed medical facility. In short, it became a star. Vice President of Public Relations and Marketing Ron Wise was initially unable to reach the medical center because his car was buried underneath fallen debris in his garage. But using his home phone, Wise was able to place two stories on the wire services. first to arrive at the hospital at 6:00 a.m. was Public Relations Director Paula Correia. was a pretty incredible sight, to see the entire hospital dark, she said. The only things you could see from the street were the strobe lights, which serve as visual fire alarms. When I first walked in, I thought, 'My god, we've been struck by lightning.' It was the worst disaster she had ever seen, Correia added. A 20-year public relations veteran, Correia stopped first at the command center of the hospital's Emergency Preparedness Committee. Miraculously, no patients admitted before the quake had suffered any serious injuries, she found. Correia then visited the emergency room to gather information about incoming earthquake casualties. By the time she reached her office, telephone service had been restored. phones were ringing steadily with media calls. Dealing with the media The media mostly wanted on-air interviews. A lot of television shows called in live. would show footage of the earthquake while asking me about what was happening at Cedars-Sinai, Correia said. They were hungry for information because they apparently couldn't reach too many people. We tried to make ourselves available. As one of the medical center's three designated media spokespersons, Correia estimated that she gave about 30 interviews. She spoke with all the major radio networks; television stations in major markets including Atlanta, Chicago, New York and Florida; several wire services; and the local media. For one reporter who called from Paris, France, the Swiss-born Correia taped an interview in French. For an NBC television broadcast to South America, Correia arranged to have Cedars-Sinai Translation Services Director Ruth West interviewed in Spanish. …
Type of Fall and Risk of Hip and Wrist Fractures: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (1993)

The nature of the fall determines the type of fracture, while bone density and factors that increase or attenuate the force of impact of the fall determine whether a fracture will occur when a faller lands on a particular bone. These findings have important implications for prevention of fractures in older women.
Understanding the Roles of Inflow-Control Devices in Optimizing Horizontal-Well Performance (2011)

Summary An inflow-control device (ICD) is completion hardware that is deployed as part of well completions aimed at distributing the inflow evenly. Even though the detailed structures vary from one design to another, the principle for different ICDs is the same—restrict flow by creating additional pressure drop and therefore adjusting wellbore pressure distribution to achieve an evenly distributed flow profile along a horizontal well. With a more evenly distributed flow profile, one can reduce water or gas coning, prevent sand production, and solve other drawdown-related production problems. In general, ICDs are not adjustable; once installed in the well, the location of the device and the relationship between rate and pressure drop are fixed. This makes the design of a well completion and ICDs extremely critical for production. ICDs can be either beneficial or detrimental to production, depending on the reservoir condition, well structure, and completion design. Realizing that reservoir conditions will change during the life of a well, the impact of an ICD is a function of time. Reservoir heterogeneity and uncertainty can complicate the situation easily. The ICDs sometimes can be overlooked if the design is based only on reservoir flow simulations at initial conditions. In this paper, we will investigate how and when an ICD should be used. An integrated analysis method of inflow (reservoir) and outflow (wellbore) is used to generate the flow profile of a horizontal well, and additional frictional pressure drop created by ICDs will be considered. Two conditions that result in production problems, wellbore pressure drop and reservoir heterogeneity, will be addressed. The focus will be on when and how an ICD can optimize production. Examples will be used to illustrate that it is critical to understand the reservoir conditions and wellbore dynamics together when designing a well completion with ICDs. The observations from this study show that overdesigned ICDs will not just increase the cost of well completion, but also will impact the well performance negatively. ICDs are not a universal solution of production problems. The application requires a thorough understanding of long-term reservoir behavior and upfront reservoir characterization for implementation.
Relationship Between Certain Body Measurements and Carcass Characteristics in Swine (1950)

Data on 141 hogs fed in Record of Performance trials at Beltsville, Md., in the fall of 1947 were used to determine the relative value of certain body measurements for predicting (a) the combined yield of ham, loin, bacon, picnic shoulder, and shoulder butt, and (b) the yield of lean meat in the hams. The eight live-hog measurements studied were: length from ear to tail, height at shoulders, width at shoulders, width of middle, width at hams, depth at chest, depth of middle, and circumference at chest. An analysis of the data with respect to the repeatability of single measurements on the same hog gave repeatability values ranging from 0.558 for height at shoulders to 0.767 for width of middle. Repeatability values estimated on the basis of averages of four measurements were found to be considerably higher than those based on only one measurement. Gilts averaged about 0.8 cm. less in width of middle and yielded about 1.0 percent more of the five cuts and about 0.72 percent more lean meat in the hams than barrows of the same weight and breeding. For both barrows and gilts, depth of middle was the most important item in determining the yield of the five cuts. Next in importance were width of middle and height at shoulders for the barrows and height at shoulders and width at shoulders for the gilts. From the analysis of the yield of lean meat in the hams it was found that width at hams was the most important of the measurements for barrows as well as for gilts. This was followed by depth of middle and width of middle for the barrows and by depth at chest and width of middle for the gilts. Regression equations are presented for predicting yield of five cuts and yield of lean meat in hams from certain of the eight body measurements studied. Although the predictive value of the measurements studied was not as great as might be desired, it is concluded that the use of certain body measurements offers possibilities of being a valuable tool in estimating carcass yields from the live animal.