gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applicative Characteristics of a New Zirconia Bracket with Multiple Slots (2016)

We have developed a new orthodontic bracket with three slots with lubricative properties on the working surfaces and proposed a new orthodontic treatment system employing 0.012-0.014-inch Ni-Ti arch wires. We recruited 54 patients, of which 27 received treatment with the new zirconia bracket with multiple slots system (M group), and the others received treatment with standard edge-wise appliances (control group [C group]). We compared the (1) tooth movement rate at the early stage of leveling; (2) changes in the dental arch morphology before and after leveling; and (3) pain caused by orthodontic treatment. Student's t-test was used in all assessments. The tooth movement rate in the maxillomandibular dentition was higher in the M group. The basal arch width, anterior length, and the intercanine width in the maxillary dentition were not significantly different in the two groups; however, the intercanine width in the mandibular dentition was higher in the C group. In assessments of treatment-related pain, the visual analogue pain score was 56.0 mm and 22.6 mm in the C and M groups, respectively. A new zirconia bracket with multiple slots system provided better outcomes with respect to tooth movement rate, treatment period, and postoperative pain, thus indicating its effectiveness over conventional orthodontic systems.
Analysis of Citric Acid in Beverages: Use of an Indicator Displacement Assay (2010)

The use of an indicator displacement assay permits the visualization of binding events between host and guest molecules. An undergraduate laboratory experiment is described to demonstrate the technique in the determination of citric acid content in commercially available beverages such as soda pop and fruit juices. Through the technique, students can learn supramolecular and analytical chemistry concepts via a practical, real-world application.
Bioengineering of human fetal tissues for clinical use (2010)

Cultured primary fetal cells from one organ donation could possibly meet the exigent and stringent technical aspects for development of therapeutic products. These cell types have fewer technological limitations for cellular proliferation capacity (simple culture conditions) and maintenance of differentiated phenotype, and they also have low probability for transmission of communicable diseases. Master and Working Cell Banks (MCB, WCB) can be obtained from one fetal organ donation, permitting multiple tissues (skin, bone, cartilage, muscle and intervertebral disc) to be processed in short periods of time with identical methods to assure a stringent tracing of the processes for the production of standardized therapeutic agents. Clinical use of biologics from embryo and fetal tissues is relatively new and current legislation and ethics have some differences between countries to date. In addition, specific cell delivery systems for each tissue type can be adapted to the clinical application. Since it is the intention that banked primary fetal cells enhance the prospective treatment of hundreds of thousands of patients with only one organ donation, it is imperative to show consistency, traceability and safety of the processes including donor tissue selection, cell banking, cell testing and growth of cells in out-scaling for the preparation of bio-engineered products for clinical application.
A kinetic mechanism for the heterogeneous stereospecific polymerization of propylene (1960)

Abstract A theoretical examination of the kinetics of the polymerization of propylene with Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 –TiCl 3 has been made. A reaction scheme is proposed which, with the use of adsorption equations, allows the calculation of propagation and termination rates. The calculated degree of polymerization is in semiquantitative agreement with the experimental results reported by Natta and indicates that a single termination reaction can account for the major part of the experimental results. The role of the solid is still somewhat obscure but it probably takes part in a second termination reaction. Propagation is due to the growth of the adsorbed aluminum alkyl, and the experimental propagation rate indicates that polymerization proceeds when the alkyl, on the almost completely covered surface, reacts with monomer which may be adsorbed or not. Before termination occurs, the now long‐chain aluminum alkyl is desorbed and may exist free in solution. Termination occurs when this alkyl is readsorbed on or reacts with a second type of surface site which is active only for termination. The overall process is akin to those proposed for enzyme reactions.
Successful C1 inhibitor short-term prophylaxis during redo mitral valve replacement in a patient with hereditary angioedema (2010)

Hereditary angioedema is characterized by sudden episodes of nonpitting edema that cause discomfort and pain. Typically the extremities, genitalia, trunk, gastrointestinal tract, face, and larynx are affected by attacks of swelling. Laryngeal swelling carries significant risk for asphyxiation. The disease results from mutations in the C1 esterase inhibitor gene that cause C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency. Attacks of hereditary angioedema result from contact, complement, and fibrinolytic plasma cascade activation, where C1 esterase inhibitor irreversibly binds substrates. Patients with hereditary angioedema cannot replenish C1 esterase inhibitor levels on pace with its binding. When C1 esterase inhibitor is depleted in these patients, vasoactive plasma cascade products cause swelling attacks. Trauma is a known trigger for hereditary angioedema attacks, and patients have been denied surgical procedures because of this risk. However, uncomplicated surgeries have been reported. Appropriate prophylaxis can reduce peri-operative morbidity in these patients, despite proteolytic cascade and complement activation during surgical trauma. We report a case of successful short-term prophylaxis with C1 esterase inhibitor in a 51-year-old man with hereditary angioedema who underwent redo mitral valve reconstructive surgery.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Gastroparesis (2009)

SIBO is very common in gastroparetics with predominance of abdominal pain and bloating, especially those with a longer duration of gastroparesis. Awareness of SIBO in the setting of gastroparesis will facilitate separation of the 2 entities and allow appropriate therapies to be instituted.
Maintenance of Mouse, Rat, and Pig Pancreatic Islet Functions by Coculture with Human Islet-Derived Fibroblasts (2006)

Development of an efficient preculture system of islets is ideal. Toward that goal, we constructed a human pancreatic islet-derived fibroblast cell line MNNK-1 for a source as a coculture system for freshly isolated islets to maintain islet functions. Human pancreatic islet cells were nucleofected with a plasmid vector pYK-1 expressing simian virus 40 large T antigen gene (SV40T) and hygromycin resistance gene (HygroR). One of the transduced cell lines, MNNK-1, was established and served as a feeder cell in the coculture for freshly isolated mouse, rat, and pig islets. Morphology, viability, and glucose-responding insulin secretion were analyzed in the coculture system. MNNK-1 cells were morphologically spindle shaped and were negative for pancreatic endocrine markers. MNNK-1 cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen type I and produced fibroblast growth factor. Coculture of the mouse, rat, and pig islets with MNNK-1 cells maintained their viability and insulin secretion with glucose responsiveness. A human pancreatic islet-derived fibroblast cell line MNNK-1 was established. MNNK-1 cells were a useful means for maintaining morphology and insulin secretion of islets in the coculture system.
Evaluation of human control in telerobotics by means of EMG (2002)

This paper analyses human control performance by means of a telemanipulation system and measurements of muscular activity during teleoperations. The task is performed with the aid of different types of interfaces. The control loop of a telerobotic manipulation system includes the human motion program. The control strategy for human motion is closely dependent on the type of interface available, that is, on the way the performance knowledge is presented to the operator. The analysis here proposed concerns the sensory and logical evaluation of this dependence in a telerobotic application, by means of EMG signal acquisition during teleoperations both in real and virtual environments. The experiments have been performed with a new paradigm for the evaluation of human feedback during the telemanipulation performance of a touch task. The paradigm adopted in this research is the result of the integration of robotics and neurology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The External Granule Layer of the Developing Chick Cerebellum Generates Granule Cells and Cells of the Isthmus and Rostral Hindbrain (2001)

The external granule layer (EGL) on the dorsal surface of the developing cerebellum consists of neural progenitors originating from the rostral rhombic lip (RRL). The RRL and the EGL were thought to give rise exclusively to the granule neurons of the cerebellum (Alder et al., 1996). To study the fate of individual RRL cells, we used a retroviral library to mark clones in the chick embryo at Hamberger-Hamilton stages 10-12. RRL clones comprised the EGL and cerebellar granule cells, as expected. Surprisingly, however, as many as 50% of the RRL clones also contained cells ventral to the cerebellum proper. Ventral derivatives were found in clones with a medial origin, as well as in those with a lateral origin along the RRL. Some of the ventral progeny appeared to be in the process of migration, whereas others appeared to be differentiating neurons in the isthmus and the rostral hindbrain region, including the locus coeruleus (LC) and pontine reticular formation. Furthermore, the Phox2a marker of LC precursors was detected in the EGL within the anterior aspect of the cerebellum. A stream of cells originating in the EGL and expressing Phox2a was observed to terminate ventrally in the LC. These data demonstrate that single RRL progenitor cells are not restricted to producing only cerebellar granule cells; they produce both cerebellar granule cells and ventral derivatives, some of which become hindbrain neurons. They also suggest that some progeny of the EGL escape the cerebellum via the anterior aspect of the cerebellar peduncles, to contribute to the generation of ventral structures such as the LC.
Beam steerable semiconductor lasers withlarge steering range and resolvable spots (1994)

A novel method for achieving quasicontinuous broad angle beam steering, based on angling the mirror facets with a dry etching technique, is demonstrated. 80° of far-field scanning with 11 diffraction limited resolvable spots, each independently addressable, is achieved. These represent a three-fold improvement over previous results.
PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW RESPONSE TO EXERCISE IN END-STAGE CHF PATIENTS ON INOTROPIC SUPPORT (2003)

Purpose Impaired peripheral blood flow regulation may contribute to exercise intolerance commonly seen in congestive heart failure (CHF). While several studies have looked at exercise and blood flow in CHF, no studies have examined isometric exercise and blood flow responses in CHF patients on inotropic support. The purpose of this study was to compare handgrip strength and blood flow response to handgrip exercise (HE) in CHF patients and controls (C). Methods 15 male, CHF (mean age: 51 ± 3 yrs) from Temple University Hospital Heart Failure Unit and 5 male C (mean age: 47 ± 7 years) were recruited for the study. Inotropic therapy consisted of either dobutamine or milrinone. Grip strength of the nondominant arm was measured using a handgrip dynamometer, with the highest of 3 grips recorded. Brachial artery blood flow was measured using high-resolution vascular ultrasound (7.5MHz linear-array transducer, HP, Sonos 5500). HE included 3 maximal and 3 submaximal contractions. Results All data reported as mean ± SEM. Grip strength in CHF was significantly lower than in C (C: 48 ± 3kg vs. CHF: 34 ± 2 kg, p < 0.05). A significant hyperemic response to maximal HE (+67% ± 18, p < 0.05) was observed in CHF. This hyperemic response was significantly blunted (p < 0.05) in CHF compared to C who had a 267% ± 130 increase in blood flow (p < 0.05). Following submaximal HE, C had a significant hyperemic response (+127% ± 33, p < 0.05) while no significant hyperemic response was observed in CHF. Differential arterial diameter response to HE between CHF and C was statistically significant (p < 0.05). C had an increase in arterial diameter following maximal and submaximal HE (+8% ± 1, & +6% ± 1 respectively, p < 0.05), while CHF had no significant change in arterial diameter. Conclusion Grip strength in CHF on inotropic support is significantly reduced compared to C. Blood flow and vasodilation response to HE is impaired in CHF compared to C. The blunted hyperemic response in CHF may contribute to the lack of vasodilation seen following grip exercise in this population.
Thermal modelling and experimental evaluation of laser-assisted dressing of superabrasive grinding wheels (2007)

Laser-assisted dressing (LAD) has been proposed to prepare efficiently superabrasive grinding wheels by significantly reducing dressing forces and dresser wear. In this paper, a transient, three-dimensional heat transfer model is presented for LAD of superabrasive grinding wheels, where the effective thermophysical properties of the porous heterogeneous wheel are calculated and applied to the thermal model. Temperature measurements are conducted with an infrared camera and the excellent agreement between the measured and predicted temperatures show the validation of the present model for LAD of grinding wheels or, generally, laser-assisted machining of composite materials. To evaluate the influence of LAD on superabrasive wheels, grinding tests were carried out using a CBN wheel prepared by conventional and laser-assisted dressing respectively. The grinding tests show that LAD under proper conditions could improve the performance of CBN wheels.
All-fiber drop-pass filters with fiber Bragg gratings (1998)

We introduce new fiber grating devices, called here all-fiber drop-pass filters. Excellent controllability of the relative drop and pass power and wavelength tunability for the drop-pass filters, which consist of an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), a phase controller and one or two fiber gratings, have been demonstrated. The experimental data on the relative drop and pass power at different phases agree well with the theoretical values.
Bifunctional metamirrors for simultaneous polarization splitting and focusing (2018)

Metasurfaces – artificial 2D sheet structures with sub-wavelength periodicity and dimensions of elements – are paving the way to improve traditional optical components by integrating multiple functionalities into one optically flat device. With the progress in nano-fabrication methods, different applications of metasurfaces were demonstrated experimentally, ranging from artificial plasmonic colouring to flat optical components. In this work, we demonstrate implementation of a bifunctional gap-surface-plasmon-based metasurface which, in reflection mode, splits orthogonal linear light polarizations and focuses into different focal spots. The fabricated configuration consists of 50 nm thick gold nanobricks with different lateral dimensions, organized in an array of 240 nm x 240 nm unit cells on the top of a 50 nm thick silicon dioxide layer, which is deposited on an optically thick reflecting gold substrate. Structure is fabricated using standard electron beam lithography and lift-off techniques. Characterization is performed using scanning electron microscopy and optical measurements, including investigation of wavelength dependence of efficiency, focal length and polarization extinction ratio. Our device features high efficiency (up to ~65%) and polarization extinction ratio (up to ~30 dB), exhibiting broadband response in the near-infrared band (750 950 nm wavelength) with the focal length and numerical aperture dependent on the wavelength of incident light. The proposed optical component can be straightforwardly integrated into photonic circuits or fiber optic devices which employ polarization multiplexing.
Comment on "Seismic Hazard Assessment (2003-2009) for the Italian Building Code" by Massimiliano Stucchi, Carlo Meletti, Valentina Montaldo, Helen Crowley, Gian Michele Calvi, and Enzo Boschi (2012)

A new reference probabilistic seismic hazard map of Italy was recently presented by Stucchi et al. (2011). The map represents the most recent development of the “Cornell‐McGuire” approach adopted in Italy in the last 20 years for hazard assessment and implements current models for epistemic uncertainty treatment. This comment does not address the possible limitations of the considered approach itself, but some important (and possibly misleading) consequences of the representation chosen for hazard outcomes, selection of alternative procedures to be included in the logic‐tree considered to manage the epistemic uncertainty, and some statements about the possibility of using recent seismicity to validate these outcomes. This last point is of major importance since any future development of hazard mapping in Italy strongly depends on a careful evaluation of possible drawbacks inherent in the present formulations that should be pointed out by comparing theoretical outcomes and observations.

The first aspect is related to one main result provided in the new hazard map that made it possible to base the design spectra for a building on point hazard data instead of on four intervals of peak ground acceleration (PGA), as was the case for the previous code. The authors claim the advantage of the new map is that it provides unprecedented detail of reference ground motion values associated with a fixed return time. In particular, officially released values (INGV, 2008) provide a PGA with four significant digits at more than 16,000 points. This appears overwhelming when compared to the mere four values associated with the zones of the previous map, with PGA set at 0, 0.15, 0.25, and 0.35 g . However, a closer look at the starting data may cast some doubts …
High spatial and temporal resolution 4D FEM simulation of the thoracic bioimpedance using MRI scans (2013)

In this work, a finite element model was created using MRI scans of the main author to analyze sources of the dynamic thoracic bioimpedance. This model can be used to identify limitations of impedance cardiography (ICG) in practice. Heart beat (8.3 ms temporal resolution) and aortic wave propagation (2.6 ms temporal resolution) were implemented. The static volume contains all major organs of the thorax in high spatial resolution. Simulations were successfully conducted and a high correlation (r = 0.9) between the simulated aortic ICG signal and a measured signal of the same subject was obtained.
Fine pattern process with negative tone resist: II (1999)

In polystyrene-based polymer resist process for photomask fabrication, a characteristics of its dissolution process has been investigated. The quality of the resist patterns strongly depended on polydispersivity of molecular weight in the polymer. (1) To explore this effect, the volume size of polymer, which was swelling in the developer, was determined by using the dynamic light scattering method. (2) It was found that the volume size did not only depend on the molecular weight of polymer but also the composition of developer. In this paper, the improvement of development process suited for photomask fabrication with polystyrene-based polymer is reported.
Toe Protection and Remedial Options for Historical Seawalls (2005)

Between the early 1880s to the late 1930s, seawalls were constructed at the rear of many beaches in urban areas such as Sydney, Newcastle and Wollongong. These structures protect the development landward of the beach from wave attack and erosion, and have allowed the construction of promenades. The historical seawalls are generally not built to contemporary engineering standards. Their location at the rear of beaches with low long term erosion rates means that sandy beach amenity seaward of the walls has not been lost under most conditions, however, they do lock up sand which would once have been available to the active beach. Many of these sites are now heritage or landmark locations, with the promenades heavily used and popular with the community, so the importance of successful protection and rehabilitation of these structures is high. Numerous physical modelling studies have been undertaken at the University of New South Wales, Water Research Laboratory (WRL) that have assessed a variety of these issues with regard to seawall rehabilitation and management, such as toe protection structures and wave overtopping measurements. This paper details the remedial options possible and the modelling studies undertaken, and discusses their applicability and importance in successfully managing and maintaining aging seawalls and revetments.
Development of collaborative training and capacity building in carbon capture and storage (2009)

Current postgraduate training is highly specialized and collaborations across disciplines are discouraged by largely incompatible frameworks, faculty/institutional/international barriers, as well as discipline cultures. Moreover, postgraduate training also suffers from a lack of engagement from end users and therefore, hampering knowledge transfer to industry and also knowledge gain from industrial research needs. To answer to this problem, the Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS) receiving major funding from the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council is developing a holistic approach to develop a postgraduate collaborative training programme that integrates science, engineering and end-users to facilitate the creativity and innovation of CCS responses to the global warming problem. A market assessment was conducted to collect data on the potential market for training in CCS. The results of this study are presented as well as the current training, research and outreach activities of the CICCS.
Fault Tolerant Neural Aided Controller for Multi Degree of Freedom Structures Experiencing Online Sensor Failure (2008)

This study validates an adaptive control algorithm capable of compensating for online sensor failure. Online failure is a relevant problem when considering actively damped, multi-story smart buildings experiencing a disturbance event. In recent years, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have proven very efficient in pattern classification and control applications. In this study, the unique application of ANNs involving Radial Basis Functions (RBFs) combined with H∞ optimal control has demonstrated three significant characteristic advantages: (1) real time adaptability, (2) optimal convergence and computation time, and (3) most importantly, no offline training. The novelty of the proposed controller is elucidated by performing disturbance rejection tests involving a scaled two degree of freedom shear frame subjected to a combined H∞ and ANN control. A bench scale structural model is instrumented with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. After the onset of a first mode disturbance, the structural frame is subjected to a complete sensor failure. The proposed controller is shown to enhance the performance of a baseline H∞ controller in the presence of sensor failure.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity of Michael Addition to 3‐Phenyl‐1‐(η6‐o‐ tolyltricarbonylchromium)propenone. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.