gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Politics and Economics in International Exploration and Production (2015)

A "one-stop" business view on how to succeed in international exploration and production. Success in the international upstream arena requires more than the technical ability to find oil and gas. Relationships with governments and people, mutually beneficial contracts, workable strategies, and implementation plans are necessary to build strong, mutually beneficial, and profitable ventures. Key components that drive exploration and production in the global environment are examined. Specific topics include negotiating for success, contracts, the role of technology in international strategies, cross-cultural relationships, alliances, and international upstream financing. Authors from around the world, representing industry, governments, national oil companies, consultants, and academia, contributed their perspectives. Views are provided from both sides of the negotiating table, the corporate boardroom, the resident manager, the explorationist, the businessman, and the theoretician. Geoscientists, engineers, and negotiators, who are, or would like to be, involved in the global energy business will find this collection an important reference.
Electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen at incident electron energies of 15.6, 17.6, 25, and 40 eV (2003)

Absolute doubly differential cross sections for the electron-impact ionization of atomic hydrogen have been measured from near threshold to intermediate energies. The measurements are calibrated to the well-established, accurate differential cross section for electron-impact excitation of the atomic hydrogen transition $\mathrm{H}{(1}^{2}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{S}{2}^{2}{S+2}^{2}P).$ In these experiments background secondary electrons are suppressed by moving the atomic hydrogen target source to and from the collision region. Measurements cover the incident electron energy range of 14.6--40 eV, for scattering angles of $10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}--120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ and are found to be in very good agreement with the results of the most advanced theoretical models---the convergent close-coupling model and the exterior complex scaling model.
MicroRNA transcriptome in the newborn mouse ovaries determined by massive parallel sequencing (2010)

Small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), are involved in diverse biological processes including organ development and tissue differentiation. Global disruption of miRNA biogenesis in Dicer knockout mice disrupts early embryogenesis and primordial germ cell formation. However, the role of miRNAs in early folliculogenesis is poorly understood. In order to identify a full transcriptome set of small RNAs expressed in the newborn (NB) ovary, we extracted small RNA fraction from mouse NB ovary tissues and subjected it to massive parallel sequencing using the Genome Analyzer from Illumina. Massive sequencing produced 4 655 992 reads of 33 bp each representing a total of 154 Mbp of sequence data. The Pash alignment algorithm mapped 50.13% of the reads to the mouse genome. Sequence reads were clustered based on overlapping mapping coordinates and intersected with known miRNAs, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) clusters and repetitive genomic regions; 25.2% of the reads mapped to known miRNAs, 25.5% to genomic repeats, 3.5% to piRNAs and 0.18% to snoRNAs. Three hundred and ninety-eight known miRNA species were among the sequenced small RNAs, and 118 isomiR sequences that are not in the miRBase database. Let-7 family was the most abundantly expressed miRNA, and mmu-mir-672, mmu-mir-322, mmu-mir-503 and mmu-mir-465 families are the most abundant X-linked miRNA detected. X-linked mmu-mir-503, mmu-mir-672 and mmu-mir-465 family showed preferential expression in testes and ovaries. We also identified four novel miRNAs that are preferentially expressed in gonads. Gonadal selective miRNAs may play important roles in ovarian development, folliculogenesis and female fertility.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Heterobifunctional Linkers for the Conjugation of Ligands to Molecular Probes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exploring the Limits of Vibrotactile Numeric Information Delivery (2018)

We test ActiVibe, a previously reported vibrotactile method for communicating numeric values between 1-10, in the face of an audio distractor task, as well as when conveying not just one numeric value in a single message, but three values in succession. Results of a 12 participant user study comparing three different rendering methods indicate that ActiVibe maintains its advantage vs. two different duration-based methods when conveying a single value, but largely loses this advantage when presenting three sequential values. In these challenging conditions, the more concise duration-only approach may be preferable since it uses less power and demands attention for less time.
Jahn-Teller Spectral Fingerprint in Molecular Photoemission:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">C</mml:mi><mml:mn>60</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2003)

The h(u) hole spectral intensity for C60-->C+60 molecular photoemission is calculated at finite temperature by a parameter-free Lanczos diagonalization of the electron-vibration Hamiltonian, including the full 8 H(g), 6 G(g), and 2 A(g) mode couplings. The computed spectrum at 800 K is in striking agreement with gas-phase data. The energy separation of the first main shoulder from the main photoemission peak, 230 meV in C60, is shown to measure directly and rather generally the strength of the final-state Jahn-Teller coupling.
Solitary Fibrous Tumors in the Central Nervous System (2003)

Our study presents the clinicopathologic features of SFT as a distinct entity from both meningioma and HPC. We also present unusual examples of anaplastic, intraventricular, and intramedullary spinal SFTs that expand the clinicopathologic spectrum of these uncommon and sometimes diagnostically difficult neoplasms.
Electrochemical properties of carbon nanofibers as the negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries (2013)

Carbon nanofibers were prepared by the exfoliation of natural graphite flake in a propylene carbonate solution containing a lithium salt and sonication. The electrochemical behavior of the carbon nanofibers used as the negative electrode in lithium-ion batteries was investigated. Carbon nanofibers heat-treated at 600 °C had a diameter of several tens of nanometers. From X-ray diffraction measurements and Raman spectroscopy, it was found that a graphitic structure derived from natural graphite flake remained in the carbon nanofibers. Carbon nanofibers heat-treated at 400 °C showed a higher reversible capacity than NG-7 (natural graphite powder) and a rapid response in the cyclic voltammogram. This is on account of the nanosize effect. The best electrochemical performance among all the carbon nanofibers was obtained by heat treatment at 400 °C. The rate performance of the carbon nanofiber heat-treated at 400 °C was also examined.
Extra-cavity amplification of the digital laser modes using Nd: YAG amplifier (2018)

In this paper, we demonstrate experimentally how the laser output power of higher-order LGp,l modes generated from the digital laser is amplified by using an extra-cavity Nd: YAG amplifier. Amplification of 42% was realised.
Dynamisk modellering av nitrifikation i biobädd (1993)

En kortfattad sammanfattning av teorierna kring nitrifikation i biofilm liksom några resultat från tidigare arbeten inom området presenteras. Försöksdata från en pilotannläggning på Ryaverket i Göteborg har undersökts och några av resultaten redovisas. En dynamisk modell som modellerar de autotrofa nitrifierande bakterierna Nitrosomonas och Nitrobacter har formulerats och ett datorprogram för simuleringar har tagits fram. Modellarbetet har framförallt koncentrerats på dynamiken i biofilmen och transporten av substrat. Inkommande vatten till biobädden innehåller mycket låga halter av organiskt material. Därför har heterotrofa bakterier ej beaktats i modellen. Programmet beskrivs utförligt för att underlätta en utbyggnad av modellen och de numeriska problem som kan uppstå vid lösning av ekvationerna i den här typen av modeller kommenteras. Ett antal simuleringar, bl a ett simulerat faktorförsök, presenteras och kommenteras. Simuleringar som utförts ger anledning att misstänka att nitrithalten i utgående vatten från en nitrifierande biobädd ökar med ökande flöde upp till en viss nivå, varefter den kan tänkas sjunka igen då flödet ökas ytterligare. Stegsvar som genomförts visar att en dålig substrattillgång i bädden under en längre period minskar bakteriekoncentrationerna i biofilmen så mycket att effektiviteten hos bädden märkbart försämras. Studierna av experimentella data visar att inkommande vatten kan anses vara mättat, liksom även i de områden av bädden där nitrifikationen är mycket låg. Den uppmätta kvoten mellan nitrifierad ammonium och minskningen i alkalinitet över bädden stämmer med den teoretiska kvoten som utnyttjas i modellen. Därigenom beaktas även alkalinitetsbegränsning. I stort sett all nitrifierad ammonium övergår i nitrit och nitrat vilket även det stämmer med modellantagandena.
Vocal-Tract Modeling For Speaker Independent Single Channel Source SEPARATION (2008)

In this paper, we investigate two statistical models for the source-filter based single channel speech separation task. We incorporate source-driven aspects by pitch estimation in the model-driven method which models the vocal-tract part as a priori knowledge. This approach results in a speaker independent (SI) source separation method. For modeling the vocal tract filters Gaussian mixture models (GMM) and non-negative matrix factorization are considered. For both methods, the final fusion of the source and filter parameters results in a reformulation of the models that finally are used for separation. Furthermore, for the GMM method we propose a new gain compensation and pitch adjustment method. Performance is evaluated and compared to the speaker dependent (SD) factorial Hidden Markov Model [1]. Although the SD method delivers the best quality our SI methods show promising results and possess a lower complexity in terms of used parameters. Index Terms — single channel speech separation, source-filter modeling, Gaussian mixture model, non-negative matrix factorization 1.
Microstrip Propagation on Magnetic Substrates - Part II: Experiment (1972)

Experimental data taken on microstrip built on ferrite and garnet substrates are presented and compared with theoretical values calculated from formulas derived in a previous paper which were extended to gyromagnetic media. Good agreement has been obtained between experiment and theory. In particular the observed increase in wave attenuation at frequencies near /spl omega//sub m/ is fully explained when the frequency dependence of the characteristic impedance is taken into account.
Induction of Labor (1988)

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sundsvalls Hospital and University Hospital of Umea, Sweden
A New Cyclometalation Motif:  Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Palladacycles That Contain a Chiral Rhenium Fragment in the Backbone and Are Catalyst Precursors for Heck Reactions (2005)

Reactions of (R)-[(η5-C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(CH2PPh2H)]+X-, mild base, and Pd(OAc)2 yield the novel Pd3(OAc)4-based palladacycle which has been characterized crystallographically and elaborated to dimeric halide-bridged and monomeric palladacycles that are effective catalyst precursors for the Heck reaction.
Phylogeography of Dengue Virus Serotype 4, Brazil, 2010–2011 (2012)

Dengue virus serotype 4 (DENV-4) reemerged in Roraima State, Brazil, 28 years after it was last detected in the country in 1982. To study the origin and evolution of this reemergence, full-length sequences were obtained for 16 DENV-4 isolates from northern (Roraima, Amazonas, Pará States) and northeastern (Bahia State) Brazil during the 2010 and 2011 dengue virus seasons and for an isolate from the 1982 epidemic in Roraima. Spatiotemporal dynamics of DENV-4 introductions in Brazil were applied to envelope genes and full genomes by using Bayesian phylogeographic analyses. An introduction of genotype I into Brazil from Southeast Asia was confirmed, and full genome phylogeographic analyses revealed multiple introductions of DENV-4 genotype II in Brazil, providing evidence for >3 introductions of this genotype within the last decade: 2 from Venezuela to Roraima and 1 from Colombia to Amazonas. The phylogeographic analysis of full genome data has demonstrated the origins of DENV-4 throughout Brazil.
INORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND INDUSTRIAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY Redox Equilibria in the System Fe(OH) 3 (H 2 SO 4 ) Na 2 SO 3 H 2 O Involving Precipitation of Iron(II) Sulfite as a Fe 2 O 3 Precursor (2005)

Experimental data on the equilibria Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and SO 3 /SO 4 in the system Fe(OH) 3 (H 2 SO 4 ) Na 2 SO 3 H 2 O are presented. The quantitative relations between the reduction of Fe(III) and the precipitation of FeSO 3 2.5H 2 Oa s aF e 2 O 3 precursor have considered graphically. An urgent problem for hydrometallurgical enter- prises is the utilization of ferriferous dump cake, which is formed when solutions are purified to re- move iron. The problem consists in recycling of valu- able components coprecipitated with iron and in pro- duction of commercial iron oxide. Ferriferous cake, which precipitates from industrial solutions as pH is increased, is amorphous iron(III) hydroxide resistant toward acids and alkalis (1). Its mother liquor contains ions of impurity components, which cannot be removed by multiple repulpation. An efficient procedure of iron cake utilization is based on transformation of iron(III) hydroxide into another compound, e.g., into slightly soluble iron(II) sulfite, by its sulfitization, i.e., by treatment of Fe(OH) 3 with sodium sulfite followed by thermolysis of the suspen- sion and preparation of hydrated iron(II) oxide. In the course of filtration and washing, FeO nH 2 Oi s separated from impurity components, and upon sub- sequent oxidation in air it is converted to Fe 2 O 3 , which is a commercial product (e.g., in the form of red iron oxide pigment). The aim of this work was to study Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ and SO 3 /SO 4 redox equilibria in the system Fe(OH) 3 (H 2 SO 4 ) Na 2 SO 3 H 2 O with graphic representation of the precipitation of iron(II) sulfite from the aqueous solution as a phase capable of transforming to iron(II) oxide and then to iron(III) oxide, i.e., as a precursor of Fe 2 O 3 .
Preventing adolescent drug use: long-term results of a junior high program. (1993)

It is unlikely that early prevention gains can be maintained without additional prevention efforts during high school. Future research is needed to develop and test such efforts.
Syntheses of vinylidene-bridged A-frame palladium complexes containing Ph2PCH2PPh2 or Ph2PCHMePPh2: protonation to give carbyne-bridged complexes (1988)

Treatment of benzene solutions of [Pd(dba)2](dba = dibenzylideneacetone) or [Pd(PPh3)4] with Ph2PCH2PPh2(dppm) and X2CCH2(X = Cl or Br) gave the ‘A-frame’ vinylidene-bridged complexes of type [XPd(µ-dppm)2(µ-CCH2)PdX][X = Cl (1a) or Br (1b)] in high yield. Treatment of (1a), with LiBr, Nal, or KSCN in acetone gave [XPd(µ-dppm)2(µ-CCH2)PdX][X = Br (1b), I (1c), or NCS (1d)], respectively. Complex (1a) with TIO2CMe gave [(MeCO2)Pd(µ-dppm)2(µ-CCH2)Pd(O2CMe)](1e) and with LiCCC6H4Me-4 the diacetylide complex [(p-MeC6H4CC)Pd(µ-dppm)2(µ-CCH2)Pd(CCC6H4Me-p)](2a) was obtained in low yield. Better yields of the diacetylides of type [(RCC)Pd(µ-dppm)2(µ-CCH2)Pd(CCR)] were obtained by treating (1a) with HCCR, TIPF6, and NEt3 in dichloromethane; e.g. with R = C6H4Me-4 (2a), Ph (2b), or CMe2(OH)(2c). Treatment of (1a) with p-MeC6H4NC and NaBPh4 in ethanol gave [(p-MeC6H4NC)Pd(µ-dppm)2(µ-CCH2)Pd(CNC6H4Me-p)][BPh4]2(3). Treatment of [Pd(PPh3)4] with dppm and Cl2CCCl2 gave a mixture of [ClPd(µ-dppm)2(µ-CCCl2)PdCl](4) and [ClPd(µ-dppm)2PdCl] but (4) was obtained in high yield and purity when a mixture of [Pd(PPh3)4], dppm, and [PdCl(CClCCl2)(PPh3)2] was heated. A mixture of [Pd(PPh3)4] and Ph2PCHMePPh2(mdppm) when treated with Cl2CCH2 gave the “A-frame” vinylidene-bridged complex [ClPd-(µ-mdppm)2(µ-CCH2)PdCl](5a) or (5b). Treatment of (1a) or (5a)/(5b) with HBF4·Et2O or CF3CO2H gave [ClPd(µ-L–L)2(µ-CMe)PdCl]+[L–L = dppm (6) or mdppm (7)], characterized in solution by n.m.r. spectroscopy. Salts of these carbyne cations were not isolated pure. N.m.r. data are given and discussed.
Do slumped and upright postures affect stress responses? A randomized trial. (2014)

Adopting an upright seated posture in the face of stress can maintain self-esteem, reduce negative mood, and increase positive mood compared to a slumped posture. Furthermore, sitting upright increases rate of speech and reduces self-focus. Sitting upright may be a simple behavioral strategy to help build resilience to stress. The research is consistent with embodied cognition theories that muscular and autonomic states influence emotional responding.
Über Phosphorstickstoff‐Verbindungen, XI. Zur Kenntnis des Trichlor‐phosphornitrido‐phosphoryl‐dichlorids und der Reaktion zwischen Phosphortrichlorid und Distickstofftetroxyd (1961)

Abstract Die Verbindung Cl 3 PNP(O)Cl 2 , die aus Phosphorsäureamiden und PCl 5 sowie aus Hydroxylammoniumsalzen und PCl 5 sowie PCl 3 erhalten werden kann, entsteht bei der Reaktion zwischen PCl 3 und N 2 O 4 . Die in der Literatur als Tetraphosphoryldekachlorid, P 4 O 4 Cl 10 , bezeichnete Substanz ist in Wirklichkeit die Verbindung P 2 NOCl 5 .
Temperature-humidity Dependence and Stability of SnO<sub>2</sub>-based CO Gas Sensors Improved by Surface Modification with Platinum and Iridium (2000)

A novel method to modify the surfaces of SnO2-based CO gas sensors in order to improve their temperature and humidity dependence has been developed. This surface modification is accomplished by dipping the sensor element in a dilute aqueous solution containing platinum and/or iridium for only a few seconds, then heating it at 600℃ for 5 min. This simple method effectively suppresses variations in sensor resistance to temperature and humidity in a specific concentration of CO; a decrease in sensor resistance with lowering temperature and humidity is prevented by the surface modifications with platinum and/or iridium. This effect is more enhanced by using both platinum and iridium than by using either metal individually. Moreover, preliminary surface treatments with sulfuric acid and thiourea further reduce the temperature and humidity dependence of sensor resistance in CO. It has been also proven that the modification of the SnO2-based CO gas sensor's surface using mixed elements results in its excellent long-term stability.
One-dimensional transport in bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (1999)

We report measurements of the temperature and gate voltage dependence for individual bundles (ropes) of single-walled nanotubes. When the conductance is less than about e2/h at room temperature, it is found to decrease as an approximate power law of temperature down to the region where Coulomb blockade sets in. The power-law exponents are consistent with those expected for electron tunneling into a Luttinger liquid. When the conductance is greater than e2/h at room temperature, it changes much more slowly at high temperatures, but eventually develops very large fluctuations as a function of gate voltage when sufficiently cold. We discuss the interpretation of these results in terms of impurity scattering within the Luttinger liquid.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Syntheses of Pseudopterosin Aglycones. Part 1. Synthesis of the Putative Aglycone of Pseudopterosin G—J via an A→AB→ABC Annulation Strategy. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Texture adaptation for human tracking using statistical shape model (2003)

We propose a texture model construction method for human tracking based on a statistical texture-free shape model (distance map). In practical vision systems, a priori knowledge of the target object is often limited. In human tracking, since human figures involve a variety of images due to different clothes, the detected pixel values (color brightness) can vary significantly from person to person. Accordingly, we cannot assume textures for the human figures, which makes it difficult to directly utilize pixel values in human tracking. In this paper we describe a method to acquire texture models by detecting human position based on a texture-free shape model. Using our method, objects having. a variety of pixel values can be tracked properly with a simple appearance model, Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Ultrafast intramolecular energy transfer in single conjugated polymer chains probed by polarized single chromophore spectroscopy (2004)

Single molecule spectroscopy of rigid-rod ladder-type conjugated polymers reveals individual chromophore units on a polymer chain, exhibiting fluorescence linewidths of less than 1 nm. Whereas the fluorescence from a single chromophore is fully linearly polarized at low temperatures, a number of excitation pathways and polarizations exist due to rapid intramolecular energy transfer to the emitting site. We propose that the slightly branched structure of the polymer results in neighboring molecular sites with orthogonal dipole orientations, enabling rapid polarization rotation. We demonstrate linearly polarized emission, which is independent of the excitation plane of polarization and may form the basis for molecular optical logic operations.
Cortical enhanced tissue segmentation of neonatal brain MR images acquired by a dedicated phased array coil (2009)

The acquisition of high quality MR images of neonatal brains is largely hampered by their characteristically small head size and low tissue contrast. As a result, subsequent image processing and analysis, especially for brain tissue segmentation, are often hindered. To overcome this problem, a dedicated phased array neonatal head coil is utilized to improve MR image quality by effectively combing images obtained from 8 coil elements without lengthening data acquisition time. In addition, a subject-specific atlas based tissue segmentation algorithm is specifically developed for the delineation of fine structures in the acquired neonatal brain MR images. The proposed tissue segmentation method first enhances the sheet-like cortical gray matter (GM) structures in neonatal images with a Hessian filter for generation of cortical GM prior. Then, the prior is combined with our neonatal population atlas to form a cortical enhanced hybrid atlas, which we refer to as the subject-specific atlas. Various experiments are conducted to compare the proposed method with manual segmentation results, as well as with additional two population atlas based segmentation methods. Results show that the proposed method is capable of segmenting the neonatal brain with the highest accuracy, compared to other two methods.
Preliminary study on the removal of protein-bound toxins using dilution and pH change (2011)

蛋白結合性尿毒素は，その分子量の大きさから，通常の血液透析では除去困難な尿毒素として認識されている．今回，血漿成分に対して希釈効果およびpH変化を付与することにより，蛋白結合性尿毒素をアルブミンなどの蛋白から解離させ，除去することを目的とした基礎検討を行ったので報告する．腎不全患者から得たアフェレシス廃棄血漿を用いて，ホモシステインおよびインドキシル硫酸を対象としたin vitro実験を行った．その結果，生理食塩液やリン酸緩衝溶液による希釈効果によって，インドキシル硫酸では比較的容易に蛋白から解離させることができ，遊離率の上昇（蛋白結合率の低下）が認められた．また，希釈倍率が大きいほど，その解離は顕著であった．一方，ホモシステインでは，ほとんど解離が認められなかった．今後，蛋白結合性尿毒素の種類に応じた効果的な解離方法を検討する必要がある．