gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate modeling of buckling of single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes based on shell theories (2009)

The accuracy of widely employed classical shell-theory-based formulae to calculate the buckling strain of single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes is assessed here. It is noted that some simplifications have been made in deriving these widely employed formulae. As a result critical buckling strains calculated from these formulae are independent of aspect ratio (length/diameter). However, molecular dynamics simulation results in the literature show an aspect ratio dependence of buckling strain. Therefore, analytical expressions are derived in this paper to calculate buckling strains of single- and double-walled carbon nanotubes based on classical shell theory without simplifications. Applicability of these expressions is further verified through molecular dynamics simulations based on the COMPASS force field. In addition, improvement in results achieved through a refinement of classical shell theory is assessed by calculating buckling strains based on first-order shell theory. Results show that simplified formulae introduce a significant error at higher aspect ratios and smaller diameters. The formulae derived here show reasonable agreement with the molecular dynamics results at all aspect ratios and diameters. First-order shell theory is found to produce a slight improvement in results for CNTs with smaller diameters and lower aspect ratios.
Reverse triple I method with restriction degree in fuzzy reasoning (2003)

The theory of the reverse triple I method with restriction degree is proposed by using the operator R/sub 0/, the computation formulas of infimum for fuzzy modus ponens and supremum for fuzzy modus tollens are shown respectively. General computation formulas of infimum for fuzzy modus ponens (FMP) and supremum for fuzzy modus tollens (FMT) of the /spl alpha/-reverse triple I method of restriction are obtained.
Explicit robust multi-model predictive control (2008)

The paper deals with robust predictive control based on a LMI approach. With respect to the well established case of linear models, with a global polytopic uncertainty, in the present approach the conservativeness reduction is assured by allowing different local descriptions of the uncertainty. The prediction model can thus be interpreted as a multi-model description of the plant to be controlled. The techniques is effective for a large class of nonlinear systems embedded into polytopic models. For the practical implementation the construction of suitable (explicit) descriptions of the control law are described upon concrete algorithms.
Wind Design and Light Timber Frame Buildings (1998)

Wind design requirements for light timber frame buildings have become so complex over the years that confusion and non-compliance now prevail. A case for rationalisation of our current methods is set out.
<i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> Pneumonia (1968)

Seven patients with documented Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are presented. Six of these had underlying chronic diseases and had been on long-term prednisone therapy. Five had malignant disease of the reticuloendothelial system. The diagnosis of pneumocystosis was suspected antemortem in two patients, and treatment was instituted with pentamidine isethionate. In both cases the duration of treatment was short so that full evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of pentamidine could not be made. Predisposing factors, presenting clinical and roentgenographic features of the disease, and attempts at diagnosis and therapy are discussed. The need for vigorous attempts at early definitive diagnosis is stressed. At present, lung biopsy appears to be the most reliable diagnostic procedure. The effectiveness of pentamidine isethionate in treating clinical Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia can be evaluated only by early institution and adequate trial of therapy in patients with an established diagnosis.
Dibenzo[gh,op]nonalenide dianion. A novel aromatic system derived from nonalene (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDibenzo[gh,op]nonalenide dianion. A novel aromatic system derived from nonaleneItamar Willner and Mordecai RabinovitzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 13, 4507–4508Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00455a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00455a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Session details: Advances in low power design and power management (2008)

No abstract available.
Synthesis, Swelling Behavior, and Biocompatibility of Novel Physically Cross-Linked Polyurethane-<i>b</i><i>lock</i>-Poly(glycerol methacrylate) Hydrogels (2006)

Physically cross-linked novel block copolymer hydrogels with tunable hydrophilic properties for biomedical applications were synthesized by controlled radical polymerization of polyurethane macroiniferter and (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane) methyl methacrylate. The block copolymers were converted to hydrogels by the selective hydrolysis of poly[(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane) methyl methacrylate] block to poly(glycerol methacrylate). The block copolymerization has been monitored by monomer conversion and molecular weight increase as a function of time. It was observed that the polymerization proceeded with a characteristic "living" behavior where both monomer conversion and molecular weight increased linearly, with increasing reaction time. The resulting hydrogels were investigated for their equilibrium water content (EWC), dynamic water contact angles, swelling kinetics, thermodynamic interaction parameters, plasma protein adsorption, and platelet adhesion. Similar to our previous mechanically responsive hydrogels (Mequanint, K.; Sheardown, H. J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 2005, 10, 1303-1318), the present results indicated that block copolymer hydrogels have excellent hydrophilicity and swelling behavior with improved modulus of elasticity. The equilibrium swelling was affected by the hydrolysis time, block length of poly(glycerol methacrylate), temperature, and the presence of soluble salts. Fibrinogen adsorption and platelet adhesion were significantly lower for the hydrogels than for the control polyurethane, whereas albumin adsorption increased for the hydrogels in proportion to the contents of poly(glycerol methacrylate). These hydrogels have potential in a number of biomedical applications such as drug delivery and scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Monitoring of Two-Dimensional Plasma Uniformity with Electrostatic Probing of Oxidized Wafer Surface (2001)

A new method of monitoring the two-dimensional uniformity of plasma for semiconductor processing is proposed. This method measures electric potential distribution of the surface of an oxidized Si wafer exposed to plasma using an electrostatic probe array. The O 2 and H 2 plasmas generated using a reactive ion etching equipment are tested. It is shown that the measured electric potential distribution agrees well with the distribution of plasma parameters measured using a Langmuir probe. A good correlation between the measured plasma nonuniformity and the degradation of gate SiO 2 of metal-oxide-silicon (MOS) structure is demonstrated.
Different implementations of a model for subjective duration (2002)

The perceived duration of short sounds or pauses can differ considerably from their physical duration. For example, a sound burst of 100 msec duration can elicit the same subjective duration as a pause of 380 msec. Hence a factor of 1.0 in the
Efficient VLSI Architecture For Buffer Used In EBCOT Of JPEG2000 Encoder (2005)

The EBCOT (embedded block coding with optimised truncation) block coder is one of the main resource intensive components of JPEG2000. Its throughput plays a key role in deciding the overall throughput of a JPEG2000 encoder system. Concurrent symbol processing (CSP) is a promising technique to increase the throughput of the block coder at significantly less increase in the hardware cost. We present an efficient VLSI architecture for the buffer required to realize a CSP capable block coder for the JPEG2000 encoder. Our contributions include the study of the contexts-generation pattern of the natural images for an optimal selection of buffer parameters, viz., buffer length and context-accepting capacity, and the design of a low cost VLSI architecture for the buffer. The architecture is implemented using Altera APEX20KE FPGA and experimental results show that the optimal selection of the buffer parameters results in savings of 76% in the hardware cost with a minimal reduction of 2% in the overall block coder throughput.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies of Alcoholism: From Heavy Drinking to Alcohol Dependence and Back Again (2005)

Background: The International Conference on Applications of Neuroimaging to Alcoholism was convened at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. One session featured six speakers who discussed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) applications in alcoholism, with topics ranging from multimodality imaging to measurements of neurotransmitter synthesis in the human brain in vivo. MethodS: This session covered methodological topics related to 1H and 13C MRS, both theory and examples. The primary features of the 1H MR spectra were described, including resonances from creatine- and choline-choline–containing compounds, N-acetylaspartate, myo-inositol, glutamate, glutamine, GABA, and macromolecules. Methods reviewed also included MRS imaging, in which numerous MRS voxels are observed simultaneously. Other methods described J-editing of GABA and 13C MRS detection of oxidative metabolism and neurotransmitter synthesis. Results: Across studies, region-specific neurochemical changes were associated with alcohol dependence. With sobriety, many of the neurochemical alterations associated with alcohol dependence partially or fully abated, in association with partial recovery of brain structure and cognitive functions. The utility of 1H MRS to measure brain ethanol was discussed. This work highlighted the need to consider method- and analysis-dependent mechanisms that can affect the quantification of ethanol using 1H MRS. The utility of MRS as a tool to study alcohol dependence–related neurotoxicity was reviewed. In particular, the possibility that MRS may provide a noninvasive tool for studying glutamatergic activation associated with acute alcohol withdrawal may prove to be an important approach for mechanistic human studies related to neuropsychiatric complications of ethanol dependence and withdrawal, including dementia and hepatic encephalopathy. Conclusions: The International Conference on Applications of Neuroimaging to Alcoholism provided one of the first opportunities to convene a large group of investigators who used MRS techniques in the study of alcohol dependence. The range of data presented highlighted the growing range of insights related to the acute and chronic effects of ethanol on human brain chemistry. The ability to measure directly glutamate-glutamine cycling using 13C-MRS presents new and exciting opportunities to probe excitatory neurotransmission.
Heterogeneous redox catalysts for oxygen and chlorine evolution (1989)

A. Mills, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1989, 18, 285 DOI: 10.1039/CS9891800285
Elucidation of Aluminum−Fulvic Acid Interactions by Gas-Phase Hydrogen/Deuterium (H/D) Exchange and Electrospray Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR) (2000)

A gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange reaction technique using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI FT-ICR) mass spectrometry to study the interactions between aluminum and fulvic acid (FA) species is described. The gas-phase hydrogen/deuterium exchange reactions and metal complexation (HYDERMEC) approach can be used to study both pure and impure samples. Upon metal complexation, the hydrogen atoms at the binding sites of the molecule are replaced with the metal and hence are not available for H/D exchange reactions. The HYDERMEC method provides the difference between the number of labile hydrogens that are available for H/D exchange reactions in a molecule before and after metal complexation. The HYDERMEC results for a linear oligopeptide composed of three amino acids, arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid (Arg-Gly-Asp or RGD), and fulvic acid samples are discussed. The oligopeptide and its metal complexes were analyzed directly and without any ICR ion isolation. The electrosprayed fulvic acid ions were selectively isolated in the ICR cell by stored waveform inverse Fourier transform (SWIFT) dipolar excitation. The selected fulvic acid ions were reacted with deuterium exchange reagent molecules (e.g., CD3OD) in the gas-phase. An ESI FT-ICR mass spectrometer was used to analyze precursor and/or product ions. The number of incorporated deuterium isotopes in the product ion provides the number of active hydrogens (NOAH) for the precursor ion. The selected ions of all fulvic acid samples used in this study undergo H/D exchange with CD3OD neutral molecules. The average maximum NOAH for northern coniferous (NCFA), northern hardwood (NHFA), and southern hardwood (SHFA) soil fulvic acid ions at m/z region 700−1000 Th is ∼7−9 per molecule. Once aluminum ions react with the fulvic acid species, the number of observed exchangeable protons decreases. There is no significant difference at pH ≅ 2.5 between NCFA, SHFA, and NHFA in their NOAH and thus presumably in their complexation with aluminum ions. The HYDERMEC results show that not all of the functional groups with labile hydrogens participate in Al−FA complexation. Also, comparison of the results for various m/z ranges suggests that in terms of available labile hydrogens and Al complexation, species at m/z range 600−1000 Th behave similarly.
ChemInform Abstract: DIMETHYLBORON BROMIDE AND DIPHENYLBORON BROMIDE: CLEAVAGE OF ACETALS AND KETALS (1985)

Abstract Mit den Bromboranen (II) und (III) werden Alkoxymethylether bei ‐78°C innerhalb einer Stunde praktisch quantitativ gespalten.
Tacrolimus, a forgotten agent in kidney transplant leukopenia (2013)

Leukopenia in kidney transplant patients is frequent, it causes potentially life-threatening complications, but it is often poorly characterized. Opportunistic infections, immunologic disturbances and drug-related toxicity are principal causes of single or multilineage cytopenias. Tacrolimus-induced leukopenia is a less recognized but frequent complication. We describe one patient with leukopenia developing within seven months after renal transplant. After excluding other potential causes, tacrolimus was switched to cyclosporine, with recovery of white blood cell count. Based on the clinical report, the authors reviewed causes of post-transplant leukopenia, focusing on the diagnostic investigation. Early diagnosis and interventions are fundamental to improve prognosis.
Noise performance of multimode VCSELs (2001)

Relative intensity noise (RIN) of selective oxidized multimode VCSELs has been investigated. The VCSELs show an excellent noise performance with a RIN/spl les/-140 dB/Hz at 500 MHz and only one resonance peak in the RIN spectrum, as long as the total light power is detected. The situation deteriorates if the transmission link contains mode-selective losses. Introducing external filtering of the emitted light by an aperture or a polarizer, one may observe an increase of RIN by several orders of magnitude and multiple-resonance peaks in the RIN spectrum. However, even in spite of a very restrictive external filtering a RIN of -120 dB/Hz can still be achieved, which enables a 1.25 Gb/s transmission. The multiple-resonance peaks in the filtered RIN spectra do not describe the different relaxation resonance frequencies of transverse modes. We believe there is only one relaxation resonance frequency, which is proportional to the square root of the photon number in the active layer, irrespective of the number of existing modes. The other peaks in the RIN spectrum ran be considered as "mode partition frequencies," which result from the carrier interchanges between the modes. Using a simplified numerical model, which takes two modes into account, analytical expressions describing the RIN of each mode, as well as of the total power have been derived. It has been found that the larger the overlap between the modes, the smaller the "mode partition frequency" and the larger is the maximum mode partition noise (MPN).
UNILATERAL HAIRY TONGUE (1954)

The increased use of antibiotics during the past few years, especially in the form of troches and lozenges has once again focused attention on the phenomenon of hairy tongue. Ronchese and Kern recently reviewed the literature very completely. They reported a case of hairy tongue following the use of chlortetracycline (Aureomycin) ointment on the lips. Unilateral hairy tongue. The textbooks of dematology and articles agree on the general characteristics of this condition. At present two types of hairy tongue are recognized. The true is characterized by longer filaments and is believed to be a hereditary anomaly. The false is of much shorter duration and looked upon as secondary to some form of irritation. The conditions are described as black, brown, sepia, yellow, or even blue patches on the dorsum of the tongue and consist of filiform projections of the papillae. They are usually situated in front of the "V"
Fabricants sense fàbrica: Els Torelló, d'Igualada (1691-1794) (2008)

A fifty-four-year-old female patient was admitted to our unit with exertional chest pain of six months duration. Transthoracic echocardiography showed apical hypertrophy. Upon further investigation, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The patient underwent myocardial perfusion scintigraphy which showed anterior ischemia. Coronary angiography revealed an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) from the left anterior descending artery to the pulmonary artery. The patient's chest pain was attributed to a coronary steal syndrome secondary to the coronary AVF. The AVF fistula was closed with a coil and the patient's chest pain improved. In conclusion, coronary steal syndrome may lead to myocardial ischemia in patients with a coronary AVF.
Study on the Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging Activity Changes of Ginseng and Ginsenoside-Rb2 by Heat Processing (2007)

The free radical scavenging activities of Panax ginseng C.A. MEYER are known to increase by heat processing. Phenolic acids and Maillard reaction products (MRPs) have been suggested as active free radical scavenging components from our previous research, but heat processing-induced chemical and activity changes of ginsenosides considering the Maillard reaction have not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenging activity changes of ginsengs and ginsenoside-Rb2 (Rb2)) by heat processing using an electron spin resonance spectrometer. Especially, Rb2 was heat processed with the same amount of glycine, a frequently used amino acid in the Maillard reaction model system. As a result, the .OH scavenging activities and brown compound levels of ginseng and glycine-Rb2 mixture were increased by heat processing. However, the increase in .OH scavenging activities were not in accordance with the extents of browning. On the other hand, less-polar ginsenosides such as Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 were generated from the glycine-Rb2 mixture by heat processing. The sugar moieties at carbon-20 of Rb2 were separated by the steaming process, less-polar ginsenosides were produced, and then the separated sugar moieties were thought to form MRPs with glycine. From the .OH scavenging activity tests of Rb2, glycine, less-polar ginsenosides, and maltol, the increase in .OH scavenging activity was thought to be more closely related to the generation of .OH scavenging ginsenosides such as 20(S)-Rg3 and Rg5 by heat processing than MRPs.
Organic light-emitting devices with <i>in situ</i> postgrowth annealed organic layers (2005)

A comparative study of in situ postgrowth annealing of organic layers before metal cathode was conducted on tris-(8-hydroxyqunoline) aluminum (Alq3)-based organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The devices were fabricated in the same run with a standard device without annealing for comparison, with an identical structure of indium tin oxide (ITO)/copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) (10nm)∕N,N′-di(naphthalene-l-yl)-N,N′-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) (90nm)∕Alq3(90nm)∕Mg:Ag(200nm)∕Ag(20nm). The annealing temperature used was 60, 80, and 100°C, respectively. It was found that, in situ postgrowth annealing improves the device performance, and annealing near the glass transition temperature of NPB (99.7°C), improves device performance drastically. Power efficiency and current efficiency increase significantly with the annealing temperature, except the current efficiency for device annealed at 100°C is slightly lower than that of the standard device. The voltage and current density for 100cd∕m2 luminance are 5.6V and 4.4mA∕cm2, respectively, for the device annealed at 100°C, in comparison to 9.2V and 4.3mA∕cm2, respectively, for the standard device, the power efficiency is much improved by more than 40%. The in situ postgrowth annealed organic layers were characterized by photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy.
Amprenavir (Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc). (1999)

Amprenavir is an oral, non-peptidic HIV-protease inhibitor undergoing phase III trials for the treatment of HIV and AIDS. In October 1998, Glaxo Wellcome submitted a new drug application (NDA) for amprenavir (Agenerase) in the US and Canada for which there is an April 1999 review deadline and in November 1998, filed an application for market approval in Europe. This product has been designated for fast-track approval. Merrill Lynch anticipates product launch in mid-1999 and estimates that Agenerase will reach peak sales of $500M after its launch. Amprenavir is a small molecule with significant aqueous solubility designed to combine antiviral potency with good oral bioavailability. The compound is a potent and specific inhibitor of isolated HIV-1 protease and of HIV-1 replication in T-cells and shows good absorption after oral dosage in man. The plasma half-life of amprenavir is approximately 10 h, allowing for twice daily dosing. The drug appears to cross the blood-brain barrier which may be an important feature in long-term treatment. Amprenavir selects for a unique mutation in the HIV-1 protease gene in vitro, and shows no or limited cross-resistance to other protease inhibitors. In January 1999 Paribas predicted Glaxo sales of pound sterling 75 million in 1999 rising to pound sterling 400 million in 2003.