gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Instability of the Origami of a Ferrofluid Drop in a Magnetic Field (2011)

Capillary origami is the wrapping of a usual fluid drop by a planar elastic membrane due to the interplay between capillary and elastic forces. Here, we use a drop of magnetic fluid whose shape is known to strongly depend on an applied magnetic field. We study the quasistatic and dynamical behaviors of such a magnetic capillary origami. We report the observation of an overturning instability that the origami undergoes at a critical magnetic field. This instability is triggered by an interplay between magnetic and gravitational energies in agreement with the theory presented here. Additional effects of elasticity and capillarity on this instability are also discussed.
Mechanical properties of collagen fibrils and elastic fibers explored by AFM (2008)

Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body. Of the 25 types of collagen known, fibril-forming collagen is the main component in many tissues such as tendons, cartilage and bone to provide the structural framework and the strength of tissues. Fibril-forming collagen is characterized by a hierarchical assembly of substructures. In this hierarchical arrangement, collagen molecules consisting of three polypeptide chains assemble into fibrils with diameters in the range of 10 - 500 nm and the fibrils further assemble into fibers. Due to the limitations in performing mechanical testing on the nanometer and micrometer scale, only very recently studies have been initiated on the mechanical properties of sub-structures like collagen fibrils and the respective influence of each level of the hierarchical structure on the overall mechanical properties of tissue. Next to collagen, many tissues for instance blood vessels contain elastic fibers which are mainly responsible for providing elasticity to tissues and organs in vertebrates. The elastic fibers contain elastin and fibrillin-microfibrils. The role of fibrillin-microfibrils in the mechanical properties of elastic fibers has been a debate for years. It was the aim of this work to explore the relationship between the mechanical properties and structure of collagen fibrils and elastic fibers, which also provides a better insight in the micromechanical behavior of tissues. To achieve this aim, the mechanical properties of single collagen fibrils and elastic fibers were determined using newly developed AFM-based micro-mechanical bending tests and micro-tensile tests. Tensile properties, shear related properties and viscoelastic behavior of single collagen fibrils at ambient conditions and immersed in buffer were determined. Furthermore, the influence of different cross-linking agents on the mechanical properties of collagen fibrils was studied. The mechanical properties of these cross-linked collagen fibrils provided insight into the existence of microfibrils, an intermediate structure between collagen molecules and fibrils. In a separate set of experiments, the mechanical properties of elastic fibers devoid of or containing fibrillin-microfibrils were determined to evaluate the role of fibrillin-microfibrils in the mechanical properties of elastic fibers.
The bounce of a ball (1999)

In this paper, the dynamics of a bouncing ball is described for several common ball types having different bounce characteristics. Results are presented for a tennis ball, a baseball, a golf ball, a superball, a steel ball bearing, a plasticene ball, and a silly putty ball. The plasticene ball was studied as an extreme case of a ball with a low coefficient of restitution (in fact zero, since the collision is totally inelastic) and the silly putty ball was studied because it has unusual elastic properties. The first three balls were studied because of their significance in the physics of sports. For each ball, a dynamic hysteresis curve is presented to show how energy is lost during and after the collision. The measurement technique is quite simple, it is suited for undergraduate laboratory experiments, and it may provide a useful method to test and approve balls for major sporting events.
Triamines of cobalt(III). I. Geometrical isomers of trinitro-triamminecobalt(III) (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriamines of cobalt(III). I. Geometrical isomers of trinitro-triamminecobalt(III)Robert B. Hagel and Leonard F. DrudingCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 6, 1496–1502Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50088a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50088a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Defining and Assessing Competencies for the Development of a Program for an International Student Assessment on Vocational Education and Training: Challenges and Opportunities (2005)

This paper refers to a draft report for a feasibility study on the quality of vocational education and training (VET). Based on the current state of the art in the report, it focuses on considerations regarding the development of a concept of competence as a basis for an international comparison of VET. A framework for generating assessment tools will be presented, clearly denoting the contextualised areas of practice that are to be examined in vocational education and training and the labour market.
Using SVG for an User-Interface to a Digital Library (2006)

<p>Interfaces for users on the web are usually created using standard HTML-technologies. Although dynamic text-based features are widely available on the web (e.g. by using DHTML) there are still some limitations in the user experience when using dynamic graphical elements. In this article we focus on a GUI-prototype using Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) as an interface to an existing Digital Library. First we describe the current situation of the running system and explain some of the limitations in the GUI. Thereafter we compare the document-format with other electronic formats. An overview of the prototype and a detailed description of the used framework will be given in the main section of this article. Finally we are going to show an improved version of a search task using an SVG-category viewer. Currently supported SVG-recommendation (SVG 1.1) by the SVG-plugins have some limitations. The upcomming release will solve some of the problems and introduce new features related to data-handling and database access. An outlook of these new features and lessons learned in implementing the prototype will close the article.</p>
Simplified Theory for Predicting the Transmission Loss Characteristics of Double-Panel Constructions (1973)

One of the problems in attempting to predict the transmission loss of a double-panel construction has always been the rather cumbersome analytical expression that is involved in the calculation. However, even if the calculation is simplified by the use of a computer, the resulting values often bear little resemblance to the measured values. It has long been realized that the disagreement is a result of mechanical connections between the individual panels and the presence, or absence, of absorption material in the cavity, neither of which are taken into account in the classical theory. By simplifying the general acoustical characteristics of double panels, it is shown that it is possible to include these two factors and accurately calculate the transmission loss with the aid of simple expressions. The simplicity of the solution makes it possible to develop optimum interpanel connections and panel configurations using materials of different mechanical properties and to design constructions to meet specific acoustical criteria. [This work was conducted under contract to the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.]
Light Absorption Spectrometry (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLight Absorption SpectrometryM. G. MellonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 1, 2–11Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60085a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60085a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views128Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Analysis of Cocaine and Benzoylecgonine in Meconium (1992)

We describe an assay for measuring cocaine and benzoylecgonine in meconium of infants born to mothers suspected of using cocaine during their pregnancy. The assay involves the use of fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) to screen for benzoylecgonine in a methanolic extract of the meconium. The FPIA is sensitive to 0.6 microgram benzoylecgonine per gram meconium. Confirmation of the presence (or absence) of benzoylecgonine and cocaine in meconium samples was performed by solid phase extraction of a second methanolic extract of the meconium, derivatizing using BSTFA, followed by a gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) analysis, which can detect both cocaine and benzoylecgonine. The GC/MS confirmation was sensitive to less than 0.25 microgram cocaine or 0.5 microgram benzoylecgonine per gram meconium. FPIA, which is commonly used in many toxicology laboratories, is advantageous because it precludes the need to use radioimmunoassays for the initial screen. The confirmation step provides greater certainty for the presence of cocaine and/or benzoylecgonine in meconium.
Discrete-dipole approximation for scattering by features on surfaces by means of a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform technique (1997)

A two-dimensional fast Fourier transform technique is proposed for accelerating the computation of scattering characteristics of features on surfaces by using the discrete-dipole approximation. The two-dimensional fast Fourier transform reduces the CPU execution time dependence on the number of dipoles N from O(N2) to O(N log N). The capabilities and flexibility of a discrete-dipole code implementing the technique are demonstrated with scattering results from circuit features on surfaces.
Electrochemical Impedance Study of Environmentally Friendly Pigments in Organic Coatings (2003)

The replacement of chromate-based pretreatments and anticorrosive pigments with environmentally compatible coating systems, particularly in the coil industry, is necessary, and many studies are being devoted to this effort. A relatively new class of inhibitive pigments is the ion-exchange pigments. Commercially available ion-exchange pigments based on calcium-exchanged silica gel are applied in coatings technology. The inhibition mechanism is related to the ion-exchange reaction and the deposition of a protective layer, but the mechanism is not yet completely known. The aim of the present study was an electrochemical evaluation of corrosion protection performance of environmentally friendly coating systems, whose primer consists of polyphosphate and ion-exchanger-based anticorrosive pigments. The results proved that electrochemical techniques, like electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), are useful to characterize and understand the corrosion protection mechanism and efficiency of organic coatings containing active pigments, as ion-exchange pigments, because the protection mechanism is based on an electrochemical action. Moreover, it was shown that in the coatings the pigments have a significant inhibitive effect and they act as cathodic inhibitors.
ChemInform Abstract: UNEXPECTED SITE SELECTIVITY IN THE REACTION OF HALOTRIMETHYLSILANE WITH 2,5‐DIMETHOXYTETRAHYDROFURAN AND 2,6‐DIMETHOXYTETRAHYDROPYRAN (1983)

Abstract Aus 2,5‐Dimethoxy‐tetrahydrofuran (Ia) bzw. 2,6‐Dimethoxy‐tetrahydropyran (Ib) entstehen beim Behandeln mit Trimethylsilylhalogeniden (II) die Spaltprodukte (III), die als Zwischenstufen in organischen Synthesen eingesetzt werden sollen.
Palacio Vistalegre (Madrid): la antigua plaza de toros de Carabanchel toma la "alternativa" (2004)

En la nueva era de las instalaciones multifuncionalee, el Palacio Vistalegre, construido sobre la antigua plaza de toroe de La Chata, en el barrio de Caralbanchel en Madrid, es sin duda una de las apuestas mas celebradas por el publico que ha tenido ocasion de visitarla, en alguno de los numerosos eventos que ya ha albergado, desde su inauguracion el 12 de abril del 2000.
Y no es una casualidad, ya que el recinto ofrece unas instalaciones de una calidad y confort adaptados a las ultimas tendencias e innovaciones, que le permiten posicionarse en el segmento de las Arenas multifuncionales. Este tipo de instalaciones, son la linea decidida a la hora de realizar nuevas construcciones de recintos para acoger todo tipo de espectaculos.
Subjectivity, Good Faith and the Expanded Chapter 13 Discharge (2005)

This article considers the good faith requirement in the confirmation of a Chapter 13 plan that seeks to discharge debts which would be nondischargeable in a Chapter 7 case. Part II of the article examines issues of discharge and dischargeability under American bankruptcy law, both in the historical development of bankruptcy law and under the Bankruptcy Code. Part III examines the good faith requirement applicable in Chapter 13 cases, both in the filing of the case under Section 1307(c) of the Bankruptcy Code and in presentation of the Chapter 13 plan under Section 1325(a). Part IV of the article examines the application of the good faith standard when a plan proposes to take advantage of Chapter 13's "superdischarge." This section explores the quid pro quo inherent in the "superdischarge," and the ways in which questions of good faith expose bankruptcy law's dependence on moral judgments and subjective assessments of debtors' conduct and motivations. 3 Part V concludes that application of the quidpro quo, although characterized by subjective judgment, is consistent with the purposes underlying the "superdischarge" and fundamental bankruptcy policy
Surface off-stoichiometry of CuInS<sub>2</sub> thin-film solar cell absorbers (2012)

X-ray photoelectron and x-ray-excited Auger electron spectroscopy was used to investigate the chemical surface structure of CuInS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> thin-film solar cell absorbers. We find that the [In]/[Cu] surface composition can vary between 1.6 (± 0.4) and 3.7 (± 0.7), depending on relatively minor variations in the absorber formation process and/or whether additional wet-chemical treatments are performed. These variations are primarily due to differences in the Cu surface concentration. The corresponding change of the modified In Auger parameter is interpreted as being indicative for a change of the chemical environment of In as a function of Cu off-stoichiometry.
Function fields and generalized product codes (2003)

Product codes are generalized by using generator polynomials in two variables (g/sub 1/(X,Y), g/sub 2/(X,Z), etc.) and by interpreting them as polynomials in one variable with coefficients belonging to the field F(X) of rational functions in the variable X over a finite field F. With such an interpretation the polynomial g/sub 1/(X,Y) of degree d in Y defines an algebraic function y=Y(X) of X which generates an algebraic function field K of degree d over F(X). Such function fields are the basis for the decoding algorithm in which error polynomials E/sub j/(X) are determined by use of linear equations with coefficients belonging to K. One such equation corresponds to d equations over F(X), which results in inversion of matrices of order d with elements which are polynomials in X. It is shown how to use subfields in an algebraic function field of degree d=a*b to increase the dimension of a code and at the same time replace a generator polynomial g/sub 1/(X,Y) of degree d in Y with two generator polynomials /sub g2/(X,Y), g/sub 3/(X,Z) of degrees a and b, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bladder sensations during filling cystometry are different according to urodynamic diagnosis (2008)

Bladder sensations experienced during cystometry are different in position and duration in relation to urodynamic diagnoses. This indicates that uniform descriptions of sensations during filling cystometry might not be appropriate to different urodynamic diagnoses.
Algorithms for fast vector quantization (2002)

This paper shows that if one is willing to relax the requirement of finding the true nearest neighbor, it is possible to achieve significant improvements in running time and at only a very small loss in the performance of the vector quantizer. The authors present three algorithms for nearest neighbor searching: standard and priority k-d tree search algorithms and a neighborhood graph search algorithm in which a directed graph is constructed for the point set and edges join neighboring points.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Developing a global information learning policy at Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium (2005)

Facing this unavoidable need in instructions, the UCL libraries created a transversal team. Seven librarian instructors from each faculty library compose this team. The main goal of this team is to determine the need for instructions and to implement the policy that will allow to respond them. This group also constitutes the interface between the users and the designers of the OPAC. One of the first tasks of the team has been the realization of the on-line help of the libraries'catalogue. It also ensures its upgrade every time the OPAC changes. In 2001, by means of an inquiry towards the librarian instructors, the group has established an inventory of all the existing instructions offers among the different libraries, as well as the intended public.
In vitro testing of fungicidal activity of biocides against Aspergillus fumigatus (2005)

The activity of biocides against Aspergillus fumigatus is unknown. In the European guidelines to evaluate the fungicidal activity of a biocide, the critical step concerning the preparation of conidial suspensions is cumbersome and time-consuming. The aims of this study were to evaluate a simplified procedure to prepare conidial suspensions to test a biocide in comparison with the recommended one and to investigate the in vitro activity of seven biocides by the suspension neutralization method against A. fumigatus clinical isolates. The proposed simplified procedure proved reproducible, gave the same results and was quicker than that described in the European guidelines. Benzalkonium chloride (0.25 %), glutaraldehyde (1.6 %), polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine (1 % available iodine) and polyester glycol iodine (0.18 % available iodine) showed biocidal activity in <or=5 min contact time, and chlorine (0.14 % available Cl) and chlorhexidine (0.06 %) after 15 min and 30-60 min, respectively. In contrast, chloramine-T (0.01 %) did not show biocidal activity. In addition, a simplified and reproducible procedure may be used for testing the fungicidal activity of new compounds or combined formulations. In conclusion, the biocides tested, which are commonly used in hospital settings, were shown to display biocidal activity against A. fumigatus and a simplified procedure may be adopted for testing the fungicidal activity of new compounds.
Dosage compensation in mammals: fine-tuning the expression of the X chromosome (2006)

Mammalian females have two X chromosomes and males have only one. This has led to the evolution of special mechanisms of dosage compensation. The inactivation of one X chromosome in females equalizes gene expression between the sexes. This process of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a remarkable example of long-range, monoallelic gene silencing and facultative heterochromatin formation, and the questions surrounding it have fascinated biologists for decades. How does the inactivation of more than a thousand genes on one X chromosome take place while the other X chromosome, present in the same nucleus, remains genetically active? What are the underlying mechanisms that trigger the initial differential treatment of the two X chromosomes? How is this differential treatment maintained once it has been established, and how are some genes able to escape the process? Does the mechanism of X inactivation vary between species and even between lineages? In this review, X inactivation is considered in evolutionary terms, and we discuss recent insights into the epigenetic changes and developmental timing of this process. We also review the discovery and possible implications of a second form of dosage compensation in mammals that deals with the unique, potentially haploinsufficient, status of the X chromosome with respect to autosomal gene expression.
Limitations in Uses of Large Prismatic Blades (1979)

Technological limitations in the use of large prismatic blades as tool blanks are discussed. Related cultural choices are also considered.
Adhesion inhibition by antibodies. (1982)

The barrier function of the mucous membranes is exerted through unspecific defense mechanisms like mechanic washing and by specific immunity. Antibodies in secretion do not mainly act through bactericidal mechanisms, but rather by binding to antigens, neutralizing, agglutinating and immobilizing them. The net result will be a decreased chance for bacteria to reach and bind to host epithelial cells. Antibodies directed against bacterial adhesions will specifically interfere with the adhesion process. On E. coli causing urinary tract infection, the surface structures responsible for adhesion may be pili or fimbriae. Evidence is accumulating that different parts of the pilus are involved in attachment and immune response. Thus, poor cross-reactivity was found between E. coli 3660 and 3048 pili, although they react with the same P blood group receptor antigens. Little cross-inhibition of adhesion was found, although each anti-pili antibody totally blocked attachment of the homologous strain. In children with acute pyelonephritis, an antibody response to pili of the infecting E. coli strain was found in serum and urine. No consistent antibody response to MS pili was found in 25 children tested.