gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse Characterization Method of Alternate Gain-Offset-Gamma Model for Accurate Color Reproduction in Display Device (2006)

Display characterization, deriving the relationship between the digital input values and the corresponding CIEXYZ tri-stimulus values, is necessary to reproduce accurate colors in a color management system. For colorimetric reproduction in a display device, an inverse characterization process is needed to input RGB corresponding to the desired tri-stimulus values. However, inverse display characterization using nine channel tone response curves (TRCs) cannot be directly inverted because the CIEXYZ values corresponding to each RGB value are inseparable. Inverse display characterization is usually implemented using the three-dimensional (3D)-look-up table (LUT) method, yet this requires a lot of memory space and a considerable amount of measurement data, although it provides a relatively accurate estimation. Accordingly, this paper proposes an inverse characterization method based on modeling channel-dependent values and a nine-channel inverse process using the gain-offset-gamma (GOG) model. First, the initially normalized luminance values for each RGB channel are computed using the inverse matrix. These normalized luminance values are then used to compensate the corresponding nine channel TRCs, thereby modifying the TRCs into input linearized values for the inverse process. Thereafter, each of the nine channel digital RGB values is estimated using the inverse GOG model based on the pre-determined parameters from the forward characterization. Finally, three digital RGB values are deduced for each RGB channel based on the ratio of the maximum CIEXYZ values to reduce the interpolation error. Consequently, the proposed method enhances the accuracy of the display characterization and reduces both the complexity and the number of measurement data required.
Cyclosporine and Experimental Skin Allografts (1986)

Although cyclosporine (CsA) is a powerful immunosuppressive agent in organ transplantation, its efficacy in skin transplantation has not been examined completely. We have tested it as primary immunosuppression in a rat skin allograft model. Histoincompatible Brown-Norway skin grafts are rejected in untreated Lewis hosts within 9 +/- 1 days but survive for 22 +/- 3, 34 +/- 2, or 41 +/- 8 days after 7, 14, or 21 days of CsA treatment (15 mg/kg per day subcutaneously), respectively (p less than 0.001). Animals treated daily for 4 weeks died from drug toxicity; however, an initial 2-week course followed by a low maintenance dose (15 mg/kg every fourth day) produced indefinite (greater than 150 days) graft acceptance without side effects. The long-surviving grafts were supple, grew long hair, and showed normal histology. When the drug was stopped at any time during this maintenance period, early signs of rejection (hair loss, epidermal breakdown, and localized ulceration) occurred, which could be reversed completely by a short CsA "pulse" (15 mg/kg per day for 7 days). These experimental data support the potential application of CsA immunosuppression in human skin allotransplantation.
Outer-Selective Pressure-Retarded Osmosis Hollow Fiber Membranes from Vacuum-Assisted Interfacial Polymerization for Osmotic Power Generation (2013)

In this paper, we report the technical breakthroughs to synthesize outer-selective thin-film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes, which is in an urgent need for osmotic power generation with the pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) process. In the first step, a defect-free thin-film composite membrane module is achieved by vacuum-assisted interfacial polymerization. The PRO performance is further enhanced by optimizing the support in terms of pore size and mechanical strength and the TFC layer with polydopamine coating and molecular engineering of the interfacial polymerization solution. The newly developed membranes can stand over 20 bar with a peak power density of 7.63 W/m(2), which is equivalent to 13.72 W/m(2) of its inner-selective hollow fiber counterpart with the same module size, packing density, and fiber dimensions. The study may provide insightful guidelines for optimizing the interfacial polymerization procedures and scaling up of the outer-selective TFC hollow fiber membrane modules for PRO power generation.
Influence of sleep on response to negative airway pressure of tensor palatini muscle and retropalatal airway (1993)

Increased retropalatal airway resistance may be caused by a sleep-induced loss of palatal muscle activity and a diminished ability of these muscles to respond to the increasing intrapharyngeal negative pressure that develops during sleep. To investigate these possibilities, in six normal subjects, we determined the effect of non-rapid-eye-movement sleep on 1) the tensor palatini (TP) electromyogram (EMG) response to rapid-onset negative-pressure generations (NPG) in the upper airway and 2) the collapsibility of the retropalatal airway during these NPGs. During wakefulness, the change in TP EMG from basal to peak levels (during NPG) was 19.8 +/- 3.2 arbitrary units (P < 0.005). This was markedly reduced during sleep (3.6 +/- 1.5 arbitrary units; P < 0.001). The latency of the TP EMG response was 48.5 +/- 5.6 ms during wakefulness but was prolonged during sleep (105.0 +/- 12.2 ms; P < 0.02). The peak transpalatal pressure during NPG (a measure of airway collapse) was 2.1 +/- 0.7 cmH2O during wakefulness and increased to 5.3 +/- 0.8 cmH2O during sleep (P < 0.05). We conclude that the brisk reflex response of the TP muscle to negative pressure during wakefulness is markedly reduced during non-rapid-eye-movement sleep, in association with a more collapsible retropalatal airway. We speculate that the reduction in this TP reflex response contributes to retropalatal airway narrowing during sleep in normal subjects.
Pcs for dummies®, 11th edition (2007)

* The perfect one-stop reference for anyone who has just bought a new PC, covering everything from the hardware and the operating system to software, the Internet, and home networking * Written in Dan Gookin's trademark style, the book is humorous, crystal clear, and refreshingly jargon free-a computer guide that's actually a pleasure to read! * Revisions to this edition include thorough coverage of the latest Windows operating system, Vista, along with new or updated coverage of DVD burning, password disks and security, networking procedures, voice recognition, assistive technologies, scanning and digital imaging, wireless peripherals, and TV adapters * PC shipments grew by a healthy 12.6 percent in the first quarter of 2006
USE OF HOLOGRAMS AS OPTICAL ELEMENTS (REVIEW) (1972)

Topics associated with the fabrication and applications of holographic optical elements are reviewed. The existing optical elements do not always satisfy the requirements of coherent optics. The properties and applications of holographic zone plates, which act as hologram lenses, are considered. These hologram lenses can be used in holographic multiple imaging systems. Holographic diffraction gratings and some systems in which they are employed are described. Holographic elements used without additional optical parts, i.e., systems demonstrating most clearly the advantages of holographic elements, are discussed. Complex holographic systems performing functions outside the bounds of classical optics are considered.
Relaxed averaged alternating reflections for diffraction imaging (2004)

We report on progress in algorithms for iterative phase retrieval. The theory of convex optimization is used to develop and to gain insight into counterparts for the nonconvex problem of phase retrieval. We propose a relaxation of averaged alternating reflectors and determine the fixed-point set of the related operator in the convex case. A numerical study supports our theoretical observations and demonstrates the effectiveness of the algorithm compared to the current state of the art.
Development of Mobile Phone Using Dual-interface SIM and Fingerprint Recognition (2005)

Mobile phone is mainly used for voice communication, other functions such games, Internet, e-mail and value-added services are more and more popular. But IC card industry which grows rapidly has the some relationship with mobile phone, because it is well known that each mobile phone have a IC module named SIM card which conforms to ISO/IEC 7816, at the same time IC card is almost used everywhere, but the most successful field is public transportation. Thus for a general user, he must possess a mobile phone and multiple pieces of IC cards which are used for transactions and access control, but who can help the user? Maybe only a mobile phone can do it, since a scheme is presented in the paper to perform the original functions of phone and transactions in only mobile phone by using dual-interface SIM and fingerprint recognition.
Pencil and paper neural networks: an undergraduate laboratory exercise in computational neuroscience (2022)

Although it has been more than 70 years since McCulloch and Pitts published their seminal work on artificial neural networks, such models remain primarily in the domain of computer science departments in undergraduate education. This is unfortunate, as simple network models offer undergraduate students a much-needed bridge between cellular neurobiology and processes governing thought and behavior. Here, we present a very simple laboratory exercise in which students constructed, trained and tested artificial neural networks by hand on paper. They explored a variety of concepts, including pattern recognition, pattern completion, noise elimination and stimulus ambiguity. Learning gains were evident in changes in the use of language when writing about information processing in the brain.
Controlled-growth of platinum nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes or nanospheres by MOCVD in fluidized bed reactor (2002)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) and carbon nanospheres (NanoC) have been used as substrates for the deposition of platinum nanoparticles by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition in a fluidized bed reactor starting from [PtMe 2 (COD)]. On untreated graphitic substrates no platinum deposition was observed at 110°C, a temperature at which Pt can be deposited from the same precursor on SiO 2 . An explanation based on the lack of oxygen-containing anchoring groups for the grafting of the platinum precursor on such carbon supports is proposed. Similar results were obtained on highly orientated pyrolytic graphite. It is shown that an oxidative treatment of MWNT and NanoC with nitric acid allows to functionalize the carbon surface through the formation of -COOH groups, and that the carboxylic acid groups can act as anchoring sites for platinum nanoparticles deposition. The platinum mean particle size was found to be smaller in the case of Pt/MWNT than for Pt/NanoC.
Chimaerins, Novel Non-protein Kinase C Phorbol Ester Receptors, Associate with Tmp21-I (p23) (2002)

The regulation and function of chimaerins, a family of "non-protein kinase C" (PKC) phorbol ester/diacylglycerol receptors with Rac-GAP activity, is largely unknown. In a search for chimaerin-interacting proteins, we isolated Tmp21-I (p23), a protein localized at the perinuclear Golgi area. Remarkably, phorbol esters translocate beta2-chimaerin to the perinuclear region and promote its association with Tmp21-I in a PKC-independent manner. A deletional analysis revealed that the C1 domain in chimaerins is required for the interaction with Tmp21-I, thereby implying a novel function for this domain in protein-protein associations in addition to its role in lipid and phorbol ester binding. Our results support the emerging concept that multiple pathways transduce signaling by phorbol esters and revealed that, like PKC isozymes, chimaerins are subject to a positional regulation. In this setting, Tmp21-I serves as an anchoring protein that determines the intracellular localization of these novel phorbol ester receptors.
The impact of user interactions in social media on brand awareness and purchase intention: the case of MINI on Facebook (2013)

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to analyze how social media activities, in specifically the Facebook page of a car manufacturer, and user interactions with these brand related activities affect the perception of brands and ultimately influence consumers purchase decision. Based on an online survey with users of the corporation's Facebook fanpage, and in accordance to hierarchy of effects theory the author's findings show the positive effect of fanpage engagement on consumers' brand awareness, word of mouth (WOM) activities, and purchase intention. The findings further indicate that annoyance with the fanpage due to information overload leads to negative effects on fanpage commitment and to decreased WOM activities. From a theoretical standpoint the results of this study contribute to understanding of the value-enhancing potential of social media campaigns. Design/methodology/approach – To answer the authors' research questions and test their hypotheses, a study was set up in cooperation with the car brand MINI. To test their hypotheses, the authors applied structural equation modeling with AMOS 18. Findings – The article analyzes the influence of brands’ social media activities and participants' social media involvement on the purchase decision process of consumers. Their findings demonstrate that engagement with a Facebook fanpage has positive effects on consumers' brand awareness, WOM activities and purchase intention. Results further indicate that annoyance with the fanpage leads to negative effects in respect to the overall commitment to and involvement with the fanpage and WOM. The authors' research shows that social media activities indeed affect the purchase decision-making process. Originality/value – New marketing communication reality presents new challenges and opportunities for companies as purchase decisions are increasingly influenced by social media interactions. People rely more than ever on their social networks when making those decisions. Nevertheless, outcomes of social media activities are still disputed in practice. The effects of social media campaigns on consumers' perception of products and brands as well as the effects on purchase decisions have yet to be better understood. This study therefore investigates how social media activities, in specific the Facebook appearance of a car manufacturer, affect the perception of brands, and ultimately influence the purchase decision process of consumers while considering the risk of creating annoyance. From a theoretical standpoint the results of this study contribute to understanding of the value-enhancing potential of social media campaigns and demonstrate how the perception of brands is influenced through this new communication channel. For brand managers this study is of value, as it shows that social media activities do have a positive influence on brands as they support their management of the purchase process.
The prevention of orofacial sports injuries in the adolescent. (1981)

Custom-made mouthguards are effective in reducing orofacial injuries to junior players. A significant reduction or total elimination of these injuries can be expected when mouthguards are used. An acceptable custom-made mouthguard can be constructed for every adolescent; therefore, they can and should be used in contact sport at junior level. This will help young people to become accustomed to these protective devices at an early age. It is important that first mouthguards are comfortable and that adaptations are done whenever needed to ensure that the recipients will want to continue to use these devices. Sports bodies and coaches should do more to enforce the use of mouthguards at all levels. The high incidence of injuries to the oral region makes their use essential. The time has now come for the use of mouthguards to be made compulsory by contact sports authorities, first, for all senior teams, and subsequently for high school and even primary school pupils. Most parents and many dentists are still unaware of injury hazards and (more importantly) the protection available. A team dentist, where there is a possibility of dental injury, is the ideal situation. One dentist can easily be the team dentist for a number of teams, acting as professional adviser, fitting and adjusting mouthguards and ensuring that trauma (or dental disease) is treated by the player's own dentist.
Alternating ethylene–alkyl acrylate copolymers. I. polymer preparation (1977)

Abstract High molecular weight alternating ethylene–ethyl acrylate copolymers were prepared by using boron trifluoride to complex the acrylate ester. The polymerizations were run under mild conditions (25–50°C, 6–20 atm ethylene) in dichloromethane or dichloroethane solution with free‐radical initiation. At lower ethylene pressures or at less than stoichiometric levels of BF 3 , the polymers are acrylate‐rich. This is due to ethyl acrylate homopolymerization competing with the copolymerization reaction. The effect of other polymerization variables is also discussed.
Transcatheter oily chemoembolization in the management of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: results of a Western comparative study in 60 patients. (1991)

Transcatheter oily chemoembolization is widely used as palliative therapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma in high-incidence Asiatic areas. To assess its usefulness in the Western form of this cancer, 30 French patients were treated between 1987 and 1990 by intraarterial hepatic injection of a Lipiodol-doxorubicin emulsion followed by embolization with 0.5 to 1 mm gelatin sponge particles. The number of procedures ranged from one to five. All patients had advanced, symptomatic and inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (Okuda's staging: I, n = 8; II, n = 14; III, n = 8); none was found under systematic screening. All had underlying cirrhosis (Child-Pugh's class: A, n = 15; B, n = 12; C, n = 3) that was alcoholic in origin in 27 cases and posthepatitic B in origin in 3 cases. The results of the treatment were assessed by comparison with a group of 30 untreated patients admitted to the same unit between 1984 and 1987. Patients of both groups were closely matched for clinical presentation, global disease staging and precise anatomical extension. The overall 1- and 2-yr survival rate was 59% and 30%, respectively, for the treated patients vs. 0% at 1 yr for the untreated patients. The latter all died from local disease with end-stage liver failure and/or uncontrollable variceal bleeding. In the former, the three patients with Child's class C cirrhosis died after the first procedure. During the follow-up (range = 3 to 26 mo), 11 additional patients died, 8 from metastatic generalization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reinforcement Learning-Based Satellite Attitude Stabilization Method for Non-Cooperative Target Capturing (2018)

When a satellite performs complex tasks such as discarding a payload or capturing a non-cooperative target, it will encounter sudden changes in the attitude and mass parameters, causing unstable flying and rolling of the satellite. In such circumstances, the change of the movement and mass characteristics are unpredictable. Thus, the traditional attitude control methods are unable to stabilize the satellite since they are dependent on the mass parameters of the controlled object. In this paper, we proposed a reinforcement learning method to re-stabilize the attitude of a satellite under such circumstances. Specifically, we discretize the continuous control torque, and build a neural network model that can output the discretized control torque to control the satellite. A dynamics simulation environment of the satellite is built, and the deep Q Network algorithm is then performed to train the neural network in this simulation environment. The reward of the training is the stabilization of the satellite. Simulation experiments illustrate that, with the iteration of training progresses, the neural network model gradually learned to re-stabilize the attitude of a satellite after unknown disturbance. As a contrast, the traditional PD (Proportion Differential) controller was unable to re-stabilize the satellite due to its dependence on the mass parameters. The proposed method adopts self-learning to control satellite attitudes, shows considerable intelligence and certain universality, and has a strong application potential for future intelligent control of satellites performing complex space tasks.
Estimating Vehicle Interior Noise Using Room Models and Sound Power (2001)

In this article, interior noise of a large commercial truck was modeled with the room equation. This approach assumed that integrated-sleeper truck cabins may be adequately modeled as a practical room. The method is used in architectural acoustics studies, where ray theory and statistical concepts are suitable and where application of complicated wave theory may not be necessary. This simplifies computational requirements, making a semi empirical scheme useful for timely product development. The study employed sound power measurements at thirty-four surface patches encompassing the interior cabin boundary. Each surface patch constituted an individual interior noise source. Predicted and measured results correlated well, demonstrating the capability to estimate driver-position noise level from predicted periphery sound intensity changes. Commercial trucks equipped with integral-sleepers offer large interior volume as compared to passenger car applications. An example is the International® Hi-Rise Pro Sleeper® cab, illustrated in Figure 1. Cavity volume of approximately 15 m 3 is typical. Low-frequency sound intensity measurements may be made with improved accuracy as the sound field is less reverberant. This case study presents useful incoming sound power measurements and noise prediction through the 160 to 5000 Hz 1/3-octave bands. Sound power measurements at thirty-four discrete surface patches encompassed the interior driver space. Each periphery surface patch constituted an individual interior noise source. Unlike previous studies, the room equation was empirically determined to obtain a typical best fit formulation. This allowed the prediction of driver position sound pressure level from periphery incoming sound power. Equivalent room-equation parameters were calculated by a least squares scheme using multiple measurement sets. By treating the baseline condition with subsequent passive noise control materials and by isolating flanking paths, the interior noise was sequentially reduced by approximately 5 dB; each data set was within this range.
Detection of basic organic drugs and their metabolites in urine. (1970)

Basic organic drugs were extracted into ethanol from urine saturated with potassium carbonate. Drugs in this concentrate were purified by extraction into ether at pH 8.5. The ether extract was evaporated and applied to several thin-layer chromatograms. Functional-group detection was used in qualitative and semiquantitative analysis of the developed chromatograms by spraying the plates sequentially with several group-specific reagents. This simple, sensitive, and inexpensive procedure permits simultaneous analysis of many samples. It is well suited for detection of drug abuse.