gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of spreadsheet presentation and error detection (1996)

Several well-founded concerns exist about the integrity and validity of electronic spreadsheets. One hundred thirteen MBA students sought eight errors planted in a single-page spreadsheet to discover if differences in the presentation format would facilitate error-finding performance. Five presentation formats were used. Spreadsheets were presented on the screen, both with and without formulas. Spreadsheets were also presented on paper with a list of formulas attached or without formulas. A new integrated formula paper treatment was introduced with formulas presented in each cell directly under each calculated value. Subjects found, on average, only about 50% of the errors across all presentation formats. The on-screen treatments were clearly inferior to the paper treatments, whether or not formulas were presented. Practitioners should be aware of the difficulties in finding even simple errors, especially on-screen, and should develop training programs to facilitate spreadsheet auditors' performance.
Enhancers: Mechanisms Of Action And Cell Specificity (1988)

Cells organize many of their biochemical reactions in non-membrane compartments. Recent evidence has shown that many of these compartments are liquids that form by phase separation from the cytoplasm. Here we discuss the basic physical concepts necessary ...Read More
Effect of tramadol gargle on postoperative sore throat: A double blinded randomized placebo controlled study (2014)

Background: Postoperative sore throat is an undesirable complaint after general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway. Tramadol is a synthetic codeine analogue with NMDA receptor antagonist and local anesthetic effects. We compared tramadol gargle to placebo given 5 min before surgery on attenuating postoperative sore throat for 24 postoperative hours. Method: In a prospective randomized double blind study, fifty patients of ASA I and II, undergoing elective moderate urological surgery under general anesthesia using laryngeal mask airway were allocated into two groups (25 patients each); all patients were asked to gargle for 1 min with 30 ml apple juice containing tramadol 2 mg/kg in group (T), and nothing in group (P) 5 min before surgery. The incidence and the severity of postoperative sore throat were graded at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery using a four-point scale. Result: Incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat were significantly less in tramadol treated group compared to placebo group at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Preoperative gargling with tramadol reduced the incidence and severity of POST compared to placebo group in patients undergoing elective moderate urological surgery, during general anesthesia with laryngeal mask airway for up to 24 h postoperatively.
First Heck Reaction with Arenediazonium Cations with Recovery of Pd-Triolefinic Macrocyclic Catalyst (2003)

The air- and moisture-stable phosphine-free palladium(0) complex 1 is a highly active and recoverable catalyst for Heck olefination of aryl diazonium tetrafluoroborates. The reactions were performed under aerobic conditions at room temperature to give the coupling products in excellent yields. [reaction: see text]
EFFECT OF A CERAMIC COATING ON THE CREEP BEHAVIOR OF SOME HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALLOYS (1959)

Creep tests were conducted on both uncoated and ceramic-coated sheet metal specimens of type 310 stainlese steel and of two commercial 8ONi-2OCr type alloys at 1800, 1900, and 1975 F. Other constant load tests were conducted at 1900 and 1975 F., in which oniy the total extension was measured after the completion of the test. All tests were of 100 hours duration. The coating was NBS ceramic coating N-143. The ceramic coating was found to markedly decrease the creep or extension in most cases but the coating appeared to have a detrimental effect at certain combinationg of temperature and stress. (auth)
Wide-viewing integral three-dimensional imaging by use of orthogonal polarization switching (2003)

A wide-viewing integral three-dimesional (3D) imaging system that adopts orthogonal polarization switching is proposed and demonstrated. In our scheme,the polarizing sheet attached to the lens array and the orthogonal polarization switching of the elemental image array perform elemental lens switching. The experimental results document that the viewing angle becomes remarkably wider than that of the conventional method. The distinguishing feature of our system is that it requires no mechanical moving part. In addition, because a commercially available polarization shutter screen is used for electrical switching, it is easy to implement this as a practical system. We believe that the proposed method facilitates the practical use of this wide-viewing integral 3D imaging system.
Selecting optimum DNA oligos for microarrays (2002)

High-density DNA oligonucleotide microarrays are widely used in biomedical research. In this paper, we describe algorithms to optimize the selection of specific probes for each gene in an entire genome. Having optimized probes for each gene is valuable for two reasons: (1) by minimizing background hybridization, they provide more accurate determinations of true expression levels, and (2) having optimum probes eliminates the need for multiple probes per gene, as is usually done now, thereby decreasing the cost of each microarray and increasing their usage. The criteria for truly optimum probes is easily stated, but they are not computable at present. We have developed a heuristic approach that is efficiently computable and should provide a good approximation to the true optimum set. We have run the program on the complete genomes for several model organisms and deposited the results in a database that is available online (<http://ural.wustl.edu//spl sim/lif/probe.pl>).
Experimental Study on Hydrogen Isotope Separation Using a Twin-Bed Periodically Counter-Current Flow Technique (2012)

Protium-deuterium isotope separation and tritium enrichment experiments have been carried out under the condition of a total reflux cycle using a continuous twin-bed hydrogen isotope separation technique, i.e., a twin-bed periodically counter-current flow technique. Two beds were packed with Pd and LaNi4.7Al0.3, which show positive and inverse isotope effects, respectively. The separation efficiency was studied experimentally in terms of stoichiometry between hydrogen and adsorbents, cycles, and extraction ratio. The experimental results show that a steady distribution of hydrogen isotopes along the axial direction can be obtained within an operating period of three cycles and a 10% extraction ratio at a moderate H/Pd atomic ratio. The results of a tritium enrichment experiment carried out under optimized conditions indicate that good enrichment efficiency is possible using this method to separate a three-component gas when the extraction ratio is kept small. Since the column used in this experiment is relatively short, there is great potential for this method for meeting the requirements of large-scale operations if long columns or multi-bed combined systems are employed.
Characterization of DbpA, an Escherichia coli DEAD box protein with ATP independent RNA unwinding activity (1997)

DbpA is a putative Escherichia coli ATP dependent RNA helicase belonging to the family of DEAD box proteins. It hydrolyzes ATP in the presence of 23S ribosomal RNA and 93 bases in the peptidyl transferase center of 23S rRNA are sufficient to trigger 100% of the ATPase activity of DbpA. In the present study we characterized the ATPase and RNA unwinding activities of DbpA in more detail. We report that-in contrast to eIF-4A, the prototype of the DEAD box protein family-the ATPase and the helicase activities of DbpA are not coupled. Moreover, the RNA unwinding activity of DbpA is not specific for 23S rRNA, since DbpA is also able to unwind 16S rRNA hybrids. Furthermore, we determined that the ATPase activity of DbpA is triggered to a significant extent not only by the 93 bases of the 23S rRNA previously reported but also by other regions of the 23S rRNA molecule. Since all these regions of 23S rRNA are either part of the 'functional core' of the 50S ribosomal subunit or involved in the 50S assembly, DbpA may play an important role in the ribosomal assembly process.
Lachrymatory Factor and Other Chemical Constituents of Some Varieties of Onion (<i>Allium cepa L.</i>) (1979)

AbstractTwenty varieties of onions, five white and 15 red, were analysed for their various chemical constituents such as lachrymatory factor, colouring matter, total phenols, dry matter, carbohydrates and protein contents. The lachrymatory factor (LF) ranged from 12.50 mg/100 g to 62.25 mg/100 g on wet weight basis. The range for per cent dry matter was from 7.66 (S-71) to 16.46 (S-72). The percentage of total water soluble sugars, reducing sugars, crude protein and total phenols on dry weight basis varied from 40.0 (Punjab Selection) to 67.0 (S-72), 11.0 (S-75 and S-72) to 23.0 (S-91), 11.12 (S -51) to 22.94 (S-75) and from 1.10 (S-72) to 2.90 (Punjab Selection), respectively. The colouring matter of dehydrated onions was maximum in the Punjab Selection and minimum in S-72 and L-106. The phenolic content was higher in red than in white varieties. Varieties with a high phenolic content and lachrymatory factor content had a higher amount of colouring matter in the dehydrated onions. The variety Punjab-48 was considered to be more suitable for dehydration purposes.
MRP II Standard System: A Handbook for Manufacturing Software Survival (1990)

From the Publisher:
The MRP II Standard System takes the mystery out of manufacturing software and offers a proven, step-by-step analysis that's designed to solve many typical systems problems.
Network interworking for narrowband services over an ATM network (2002)

In the evolution towards the broadband integrated services digital network (B-ISDN), the existing services and applications, which are used in N-ISDN, should be provided through the interworking function. Network interworking between N-ISDN and B-ISDN is one of the most important technical issues to provide existing N-ISDN services for N-ISDN users. As a trunking method to fulfil the interworking function (IWF), we present a network interworking mechanism based on the service interworking scenario specified by the telecommunication standardization of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T). It provides network-to-network interface (NNI) signaling protocol conversions between N-ISDN and B-ISDN, and it can make it much easier to extend the network interworking function to the service interworking function which allows communication between N-ISDN users and B-ISDN users. Therefore, the proposed interworking mechanism, when compared to other trunking methods, can be regarded as an efficient way for a step towards a future universal communication network. For network interworking, we describe the technical aspects to implement the IWF in terms of hardware and software. We particularly address the call/connection control for the interworking between the N-ISDN service and the B-ISDN service, and the signaling conversions of network interface protocols between N-ISDN and B-ISDN. We also discuss several restrictions and benefits of the proposed network interworking method.
The rate of action of tetrodotoxin on myelinated nerve fibres of <i>Xenopus laevis</i> and <i>Rana esculenta</i> (1973)

1. The experiments were done on single Ranvier nodes of Xenopus laevis (voltage clamp) and Rana esculenta (action potentials). Rate and size of the effect of tetrodotoxin were determined by the reversible reduction of either the sodium inward current (Xenopus) or of V(A), the maximum rate of rise of the action potential (Rana).2. The results of tetrodotoxin block at equilibrium could be excellently fitted by assuming a one-to-one reaction between toxin molecules and sodium channels of the Xenopus membrane with an equilibrium dissociation constant K = 3.60 nM at room temperature. V(A) was not linearly related to the fraction of unblocked sodium channels and 10.9 nM tetrodotoxin was necessary on the average to reduce V(A) to 50% in Rana motor fibres; in sensory fibres a lower concentration sufficed.3. Onset and offset of the tetrodotoxin effect on Xenopus nodes could be quantitatively interpreted as being determined by the rates of the tetrodotoxin channel reaction. Experiments with 3.1 and 15.5 nM tetrodotoxin at room temperature yielded an association rate constant, k(1), of 2.94 x 10(6)M(-1) sec(-1) and a dissociation rate constant, k(2), of 1.42 x 10(-2) sec(-1). In these experiments the equilibrium dissociation constant, K, was 3.31 nM. If determined solely from the onset in the two tetrodotoxin concentrations, k(1) = 3.25 x 10(6)M(-1) sec(-1) and K = k(2)/k(1) = 4.08 nM was calculated.4. In Rana fibres the onset and offset of V(A) reduction by 15.5 and 31 nM tetrodotoxin was evaluated using the equilibrium effects of intermediary tetrodotoxin concentrations for calibration. The average results at room temperature were k(1) = 4 x 10(6)M(-1) sec(-1), k(2) = 1.4 x 10(-2) sec(-1) and K = 3.4 nM.5. The very short latency with which V(A) started to decline when tetrodotoxin was suddenly applied proved that the toxin had ready access to the membrane.6. The temperature dependence of k(1), k(2) and K in the Xenopus experiments could be described by Arrhenius plots yielding activation energies, E(a), of 9.8, 20.5 and 7.0 kcal/mole, respectively, corresponding to Q(10) values of 1.82, 3.42 and 1.53 (between 12 and 22 degrees C). For k(1), determined from onset alone, E(a) = 13.7 kcal/mole (Q(10) = 2.25) was obtained. Although in Rana the temperature dependence of the rate constants could not be determined directly, the Q(10) for k(2) must have been of the order of 3.7. The results suggest that the rate of the toxin action on the nodal membrane of Xenopus and Rana is limited by the tetrodotoxin-sodium site reaction.
Solubilization of coal in organic media (1977)

The use of solvent extraction to solubilize coal is discussed. Simple extractions are described which are conducted at moderate temperatures to exclude extraneous chemical reactions which would lead to uncontrolled changes in the components of the treated coal. Sample preparation, extraction apparatus, and the determination of extract yield for different experiments are also described.
The four-frequency process for coupled-duals using error-corrected S-parameter measurements (1988)

Although the four-frequency measurement process has been used successfully on coupled dual crystals from 9.4 MHz to 21.4 MHz, discrepancies between the crystal data and filter data at 45 MHz and 57.5 MHz suggested an error problem associated with the measurement system. To eliminate the errors, a twelve-term error model was chosen and the equations were derived for use with an automatic network analyzer. The details of the direct deviation of the four-frequency measurement process are given in which the two resonator frequencies and the synchronous peak separation frequency (SPSF) of a coupled dual crystal are calculated from the two frequencies of the zeros of the short-circuit driving point impedance, and the two frequencies of the zeros of the open-circuit driving point impedance. Determination of the four frequencies from the error-corrected S parameters is discussed, as well as the analysis of an external capacitor placed across the output circuit to obtain a more convenient distribution of the four frequencies. A comparison is made between data taken on the original fixture and data taken on an automatic network analyzer using error-corrected S parameters.
Analysis of the Hessburg-Barron vacuum trephine. (1984)

We tested the Hessburg-Barron vacuum trephine on 23 human cadaver eyes for accuracy and quality of cut. The trephine was found to make accurate, spherical cuts in the anterior corneal stroma. With penetration, the cut became beveled, leaving the posterior corneal button diameter larger than the anterior diameter especially if the trephine was lifted. The results are discussed relative to conventional techniques.
Managing a Branch Office (1989)

Today's engineering and architectural design firms are faced with an increasing challenge: satisfying the aggressive entrepreneurial spirit of their young engineers. Firms are growing due to the pressures of rehabilitating and expanding an aged infrastructure and satisfying the needs for facilities in the burgeoning growth areas of the country. With this growth come scores of young graduate engineers armed with the basic technical knowledge, but also preconditioned with all the marketing and managerial savvy of the new era—the new market. Or at least they think they are, and in five to ten years if you haven't developed and satisfied those creative juices in the star performers, they will be working for someone else or themselves. This growth, coupled with the market's demand for regional services, provides excellent opportunities for these young engineers. Firms are opening regional offices and acquiring other organizations at a record pace, and each one offers an opportunity to satisfy a young engineer's need to run his own show but do so within the framework of your organization. This presentation examines the hows and whys of regional office and subsidiary management by the home office in such a way as to promote and challenge while maintaining the corporate image, quality, and name, and not stifling the entrepreneurial spirit. If you are properly managing your remote operations, you are keeping those managers happy and productive contributors to your organization.
Retreatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection After Initial Treatment Failure (2001)

Further studies are needed to better define the optimal second treatment regimen after failed H. pylori treatment.
Assessing auditory distance perception using virtual acoustics (2002)

In most naturally occurring situations, multiple acoustic properties of the sound reaching a listener's ears change as sound source distance changes. Because many of these acoustic properties, or cues, can be confounded with variation in the acoustic properties of the source and the environment, the perceptual processes subserving distance localization likely combine and weight multiple cues in order to produce stable estimates of sound source distance. Here, this cue-weighting process is examined psychophysically, using a method of virtual acoustics that allows precise measurement and control of the acoustic cues thought to be salient for distance perception in a representative large-room environment. Though listeners' judgments of sound source distance are found to consistently and exponentially underestimate true distance, the perceptual weight assigned to two primary distance cues (intensity and direct-to-reverberant energy ratio) varies substantially as a function of both sound source type (noise and speech) and angular position (0 degrees and 90 degrees relative to the median plane). These results suggest that the cue-weighting process is flexible, and able to adapt to individual distance cues that vary as a result of source properties and environmental conditions.
Clinical features of arrhythmias in secondary cardiomyopaties. (1999)

二次性心筋症は, 原因または全身疾患との関連が明らかな心筋症である.本研究では遺伝子レベルで病因が明らかな二次性心筋症である, Duohenne/Beoker型進行性筋ジストロフィ, ミトコンドリア病, Fabry病に伴う心筋症における不整脈の特徴について検討した.Beoker型進行性筋ジストロフィ7例, ミトコンドリア病11例, 心Fabry病13例を対象とした.Becker型進行性筋ジストロフィでは伝導障害が, ミトコンドリア病, 心Fabry病においては心室性を主とする期外収縮や徐脈1生不整脈が認められた.心Fabry病の不整脈は進行性であることを確認した.Kearns-Sayre症候群と心Fabry病では, 徐脈性不整脈のために心臓ペースメーカーを必要とした例があった.Kearns-Sayre症候群と心Fabry病は, 徐脈性不整脈のために心臓ペースメーカーを必要とする疾患の中で, 遺伝子レベルで病因が明らかにされている疾患である.二次性心筋症の不整脈の特徴は疾患ことにさまざまである.
Use of Combinatorial Pharmacogenomic Guidance in Treating Psychiatric Disorders:financial impact on a health plan (2018)

Use of CPGx yielded reduced spending for a commercial health plan across the patient population with psychiatric disorders, as well as among high-cost subpopulations.
Incorporation of Spike and Membrane Glycoproteins into Coronavirus Virions (2015)

The envelopes of coronaviruses (CoVs) contain primarily three proteins; the two major glycoproteins spike (S) and membrane (M), and envelope (E), a non-glycosylated protein. Unlike other enveloped viruses, CoVs bud and assemble at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). For efficient virion assembly, these proteins must be targeted to the budding site and to interact with each other or the ribonucleoprotein. Thus, the efficient incorporation of viral envelope proteins into CoV virions depends on protein trafficking and protein-protein interactions near the ERGIC. The goal of this review is to summarize recent findings on the mechanism of incorporation of the M and S glycoproteins into the CoV virion, focusing on protein trafficking and protein-protein interactions.
Renal and Bone Marrow Cells Fuse after Renal Ischemic Injury (2007)

After acute kidney injury, bone marrow cells contribute to renal repair by converting into renal cells, but the mechanism of this conversion is not well understood. To determine whether cell fusion between bone marrow cells and injured renal cells plays a role, we subjected female mice expressing
Oil spill detection based on a superpixel segmentation method for SAR image (2014)

In this paper, a rapid oil spill detection approach which still maintains high detection accuracy is presented. The major contribution of the approach is using a superpixel segmentation method to subdivide the target SAR image into many approximate uniform scale pieces and preserves the boundaries well. Furthermore, a novel approach combine space distance, intensity deviation and size information together (SIS) is presented to eliminate the potential false positive, which is convenient and effective meanwhile. The proposed approach performs well and fast in both the synthetic data and RAD ARS AT-1 ScanSAR data which contain verified oil spills. The processing time is about 6s for a 512×512 image.
A microfluidic-based platform for tumour spheroid culture, monitoring and drug screening (2014)

The development of novel cellular models that can replace animals in preclinical trials of drug candidates is one of the major goals of cell engineering. Current in vitro screening methods hardly correspond with the in vivo situation, whereas there is a lack of assays for more accurate cell culture models. Therefore, development of automated assays for 3D cell culture models is urgently required. In this work, we present a SpheroChip system: a microfluidic-based platform for long-term 3D cell culture and analysis. The system is compatible with commercially available microplate readers and provides continuous, in situ monitoring of tumour spheroids cultured on a chip. The microfluidic chip consists of cell culture microchambers and hemispherical microwells connected with a concentration gradient generator. HT-29 and Hep-G2 cells were successfully cultured as tumour spheroids in the SpheroChip, and metabolic activity of cells was monitored for up to two weeks by in situ fluorimetric measurements. Cellular response to an anticancer drug was observed using the SpheroChip. The experimental setup provided the unique possibility of observing dynamic changes in metabolic activity of one culture during sequencing days after drug dosage. According to this new approach, unknown phenomena of cellular response to the anticancer drug were observed, such as increase of metabolic activity shortly after drug dosage. Moreover, the influence of a second dose of a drug was evaluated. The SpheroChip system can be used by researchers working on drug screening, evaluation of anticancer procedures and chemoresistance phenomena.