gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Location of Disulfide bonds in mature α‐<scp>L</scp>;‐fucosidase from pea (2001)

Fuc-9 is the mature form of a vacuolar alpha-L-fucosidase enzyme which seems to play an important role in plant growth regulation. Fuc-9 is a 202-residue protein containing five Cys residues located at positions 64, 109, 127, 162 and 169. In this study, the disulfide structure of Fuc-9 was determined by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), with minimal clean-up of the samples and at a nanomolar scale. Two strategies, based on a specific chemical cleavage (with 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid and alkaline conditions) at the Cys residues and modification of Cys residues by acrylamide/deuterium labeled acrylamide alkylation, were used. Using these methods, the disulfide pairings Cys64-Cys109 and Cys162-Cys169 could be established. The advantages and limitations of our experimental approach are discussed.
Electrical properties of metal contacts on laser-irradiated <i>n</i>-type GaN (2003)

The electrical properties of metal contacts on laser-irradiated n-type GaN were investigated using synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy. A KrF excimer laser pulse of 600 mJ/cm2 onto GaN led to a decrease in the Ni Schottky barrier height from 0.91 to 0.47 eV, resulting in the formation of a nonalloyed Ohmic contact with a specific contact resistivity of 1.7×10−6 Ω cm2. Metallic Ga decomposed from GaN by laser irradiation was transformed into GaOx, playing a role in promoting outdiffusion of N atoms. A large number of N vacancies were produced, forming a degenerated GaN layer near the surface, resulting in the good Ohmic contact.
Nest Building and Brooding Behavior of the Bagrid Catfish,<i>Auchenoglanis occidentalis</i>(Valenciennes, 1840), in Lake Tanganyika (2001)

Brooding and nest-maintenance behaviors of the bagrid catfish Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes, 1840) were studied in the southern end of Lake Tanganyika. We observed huge saucerlike nests, 1.2–3.8 m across, on the fine sand bottom of the littoral zone. The lowest parts of the nests were covered with an accumulation of coarse particles consisting mainly of gastropod and bivalve shells and shell-fragments, which the catfish sifted out from the sediment. Broods were buried within the shell accumulation and tended solely by males for up to two weeks until the juveniles were motile. Brooding males spent most of their time fanning the pectoral fins and undulating the posterior body. These movements resulted in water flow over the broods, which might serve to prevent oxygen deficiency. They did not act aggressively against intruding potential brood-predators. Nest distribution and relationships between nest size and shell content in the sediment suggest that nest site selection and nest size are determined by the shell availability in the sediment.
Glucocorticoids and the Cardiovascular System: State of the Art (2010)

Glucocorticoids (GC) are drugs commonly used, by approximately 1% of the total adult population as anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapies for asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, dermatological, ophthalmic, neurological, and rheumatic autoimmune diseases. Supporting evidence exists of GC use in both immune mediated and non-immune mediated heart disease. The molecular mechanisms by which GC induces immune-modulation and direct cardioprotection, are complex and not fully understood. We review herein, the current knowledge of GC use in various immune-mediated or non-immune mediated cardiovascular conditions. GC have been investigated in autoimmune, inflammatory and idiopathic heart diseases such as atrio-ventricular conduction abnormalities, rheumatic fever, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Kawasaki disease and sarcoidosis. GC therapy has been studied in non-autoimmune and non-inflammatory indications such as acute myocardial infarction, angina, postpericardiotomy syndrome and other pericardial diseases, endocarditis and cardiac amyloidosis, as well as in invasive cardiology, coronary interventions, and cardiopulmonary-bypass surgery. Despite GC's role as natural, physiologic regulators of the immune system, cardiovascular adverse outcomes may occur. Some of the well-known side effects of GC therapy involve bone, metabolic, and cardiovascular systems and include osteoporosis, fractures, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension.
Occupational Therapists’ Capacity-Building Needs Related to Older Driver Screening, Assessment, and Intervention: A Canadawide Survey (2010)

Driving services offered were primarily related to screening compared with assessment or intervention. Occupational therapists would benefit from driving-related professional training aimed at enhancing professional capacity in this arena.
Analysis of real-world PD-L1 IHC testing for clinical use in patients across multiple tumor types. (2019)

151 Background: A number of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) IHC diagnostic tests have been approved by the FDA to guide treatment with programmed death-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. We evaluated PD-L1 assay utilization and concordance across all tumor types, including melanoma (MEL) and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN), using real-world cancer samples tested at a single reference laboratory in the United States. Methods: 55,652 samples with clinical characteristics were provided by Symphony Health Solutions. NeoGenomics Laboratories, Inc assessed PD-L1 expression using the Dako PD-L1 IHC 28-8 or 22C3 pharmDx, or Ventana PD-L1 SP142 assay tests between October 2015 and April 2018, according to the manufacturers’ protocols at the time of the study. Clinical characteristics were matched to PD-L1 test results using unique identifiers. Data were analyzed by BioStat Solutions, Inc. Results: 61,568 tests from 55,652 patients were included. Across all 61,568 tests, 88.8% were carried out with 22C3, 9.8% with 28-8, and 1.4% with SP142. The 28-8 and 22C3 pharmDx assays showed high analytical concordance in all 3113 matched samples with PD-L1 expression data for both assays (OPA = 96.2%, Spearman’s r = 0.96; Table). The failure rate across all tests was 3.5%, and 96.6% of patients had a quantifiable test result. Average test turnaround time was 3.1 days, with a 9.1-fold increase in total number of tests performed between Q4 2015 and Q1 2018 (from 1163 to 10,544). Subgroup analyses for 678 patients (1.2%) with MEL and 270 patients (0.5%) with SCCHN will be presented. Conclusions: Despite an increased demand for PD-L1 testing in the US, most patients received a result in 2–4 days. These real-world analytical data support the potential interchangeability of the Dako PD-L1 IHC 28-8 and 22C3 pharmDx assays in clinical practice for assessing tumor cell membrane PD-L1 expression across tumor types, and provide context on the evolution and adoption of PD-L1 testing for patients with cancer. [Table: see text]
Polyketomycin, a New Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. MK277-AF1. II. Structure Determination. (1998)

A new antibiotic, polyketomycin, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. MK277-AF1. The structure was determined by various NMR spectroscopies, X-ray crystallographic analysis and degradation experiments.
Chronic Uveitis in Guinea Pigs Infected with Varicella‐Zoster Virus Expressing<i>Escherichia coli</i>β‐Galactosidase (1998)

There is no small animal model that replicates chickenpox and herpes zoster, which are caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Therefore, to detect VZV in tissues of infected animals, the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene was inserted into the viral genome. Intravitreal inoculation of guinea pigs with virus-infected cells resulted in a chronic uveitis, with mononuclear cells in the vitreous cavity of the eye of nearly all animals. Staining with X-gal demonstrated the presence of VZV in the ciliary body or iris of approximately 40% of the animals and in retinal pigmented epithelial cells in 4 animals. X-gal staining showed VZV in the eye of 1 animal 140 days after inoculation. These experiments indicate that VZV expressing beta-galactosidase is useful for detecting virus in tissues and that VZV can cause a chronic uveitis in which virus can be detected in some animals for up to 4 months.
Hypersensitivity reactions (1974)

There are many well‐known hypersensitivity reactions to drugs such as penicillin and sulfa drugs, but this paper will emphasize other aspects of hypersensitivity reactions to drugs that are not as widely known. Certain drugs such as hydralazine and procainamide are widely used in the treatment of hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. It has become increasingly clear that these drugs are implicated in a hypersensitivity reaction that is different in its manifestations from most drug hypersensitivity reactions. Hydralazine and procainamide produce an untoward clinical syndrome that resembles spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus. These drugs, therefore, arc able to induce an autoimmune reaction that results not only in clinical manifestations of a spontaneous autoimmune disease but also in the production of autoantibodies in the sera of patients with drug‐induced disease. The pathogenetic mechanisms by which drugs such as hydralazine and procainamide can produce autoimmune reactions are the subject of increasing interest to immunologists, since there is a possibility that understanding this reaction may lead to the elucidation of the factors that produce spontaneous autoimmune disease in man.
Cavitation Erosion of Aluminum at Elevated Pressure (1971)

An experimental investigation of the effect of hydrostatic pressure on cavitation erosion is described. A focusing acoustic system enclosed in a pressure chamber permitted the sound pressure and the hydrostatic pressure to be varied independently over the range of 1–20 atm. The intensity of cavitation, as measured by the erosion rate of aluminum, was found to grow at an increasing rate with hydrostatic pressure. Experimental results obtained in this pressure range correlate with published Russian data taken at pressures up to 75 atm. A correspondence between cavitation erosion and electromagnetic radiation is postulated. The agreement between experimental results and those predicted by this correspondence is quite good.
DIURNAL VARIATION IN PLASMA CORTISOL LEVELS IN SHEEP (1972)

Reports on diurnal variation in plasma corticosteroids in man, monkey, dog, rat, mouse and other species have been reviewed by Yates, Russell & Maran (1971) and by Yates & Urquhart (1962). We wish to report evidence of diurnal variation in the peripheral plasma cortisol levels of sheep, demonstrable after they had been allowed adequate time to adapt to the environment in which they were tested. Three anoestrous New Zealand Romney ewes were placed indoors in crates with minimal restraints. They were placed immediately adjacent to each other and were free to sit or stand. They were given hay, lucerne pellets and water ad libitum. No attempt was made to regulate feeding and an excess of feed was ensured at all times. Each animal had an indwelling jugular cannula, inserted at least 3 h before the first sampling, which remained in situ throughout the experiment. On each occasion 10 ml blood
Comparison between ventricular gradient and a new descriptor of the wavefront direction of ventricular activation and recovery (2002)

Ventricular gradient and TCRT contain nonredundant information. In healthy subjects, they react sensitively to autonomic provocation. In patients with SX, their reaction is attenuated, which suggests disturbance of the autonomic control of repolarization.
Ion−Ion Collisions Leading to Formation of C−C Bonds at Surfaces:  An Interfacial Kolbe Reaction (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTIon−Ion Collisions Leading to Formation of C−C Bonds at Surfaces: An Interfacial Kolbe ReactionJianwei Shen, Chris Evans, Nathan Wade, and R. Graham CooksView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette, Indiana 47906 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 41, 9762–9763Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1999Publication History Received26 February 1999Published online1 October 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9906094Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (78 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Cations,Chemical looping combustion,Collisions,Energy,Ions Get e-Alerts
Combined Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking and Posterior Chamber Toric Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation for Keratoconus (2011)

A 29-year-old woman with keratoconus underwent posterior chamber toric implantable Collamer lens (Visian ICL; STAAR Surgical, Monrovia, CA) implantation 12 months after corneal collagen cross-linking with riboflavin and ultraviolet radiation-A. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed. Three months postoperatively, uncorrected distance visual acuity improved from counting fingers to 20/40 and corrected distance visual acuity improved from 20/100 to 20/30. Combined cross-linking treatment and posterior chamber toric phakic Collamer lens implantation in a two-step procedure seems to be an effective method for correcting keratoconus in patients with high myopia and astigmatism. Despite the encouraging results, longer follow-up is necessary to evaluate the outcomes of this approach.
A method to assess risk reduction when utilizing geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) with compacted soil liners (2010)

This paper presents an analytical solution developed to estimate probabilities of “failure” or advective flux “exceedance” for the case of a spatially variable geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) situated over a spatially variable compacted soil liner (CSL). The risk of utilizing such a liner system is assessed relative to a regulatory compacted clay-based soil liner. The analytical solution developed is validated over a range of parameters against random field simulation using the Local Average Subdivision method, and the analytical solution is shown to be in good agreement with simulation. The analytical solution is then used to examine the “probability of exceedance” for a spatially variable GCL and CSL combined liner system. It is shown that the use of a GCL can potentially result in a low probability of exceedance when used with a spatially varying, high hydraulic conductivity CSL. The risk of exceedance generally decreases as the hydraulic conductivity of the CSL decreases. An example problem is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the analytical solution.
The progesterone antagonist RU486 acquires agonist activity upon stimulation of cAMP signaling pathways. (1993)

The protein kinase A stimulator cAMP can potentiate the ability of progestins to induce the transactivation function of the human progesterone receptor (hPR). We questioned in the present study whether cAMP could functionally cooperate with the progestin antagonist RU486. In T47D human breast cancer cells, RU486 behaves as a pure antagonist with respect to induction of the progesterone-responsive mouse mammary tumor virus chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (MMTV-CAT) reporter gene. It fails to stimulate MMTV-CAT expression and completely inhibits induction by the synthetic progestin R5020. However, when RU486 is combined with 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP), MMTV-CAT is induced to levels approaching that stimulated by R5020 alone. Also, RU486 in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP is only partially effective in antagonizing R5020 action. The agonist activity exhibited under these conditions appears to be due to RU486 acting through hPR as evidenced by the fact that 8-Br-cAMP alone has no effect on MMTV-CAT, whereas induction by the combination of 8-Br-cAMP and RU486 is dose responsive to RU486 in a saturable manner and can be inhibited by the type I antiprogestin (prevents hPR-DNA binding) ZK98299, which does not exhibit positive functional cooperation with cAMP. Acquisition of agonist activity in the presence of 8-Br-cAMP also extends to the type II antiprogestin (permits hPR-DNA binding) ZK112993. Since RU486 is also a type II antagonist, these results suggest that detection of functional synergism between cAMP and antiprogestins may require binding of the hPR-antagonist complex to DNA. We propose that cross-talk between second messenger and steroid receptor signal transduction pathways may be one mechanism for resistance to steroid antagonists that frequently develops in breast cancer.
Extended Biopsy Protocol Decreases Prostate Cancer Incidence and Risk of Aggressive Disease on Repeated Biopsies Compared with Initial Standard Procedure (2010)

A full evaluation of all prostate zones using ExtBx seems to be necessary to decrease the risk of undetected prostate cancer on repeated biopsies. For patients who had at their first biopsy an ExtBx, the risk of prostate cancer on the repeated biopsies and the risk of aggressive cancer were lower compared to standard biopsies.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure Determination by X‐Ray Powder Diffraction of Nickel Tetrametaphosphimate Octahydrate Ni<sub>2</sub>(PO<sub>2</sub>NH)<sub>4</sub> · 8 H<sub>2</sub>O (2005)

Abstract Ni 2 (PO 2 NH) 4 · 8 H 2 O is isotypic with M 2 (PO 2 NH) 4 · 8 H 2 O (M = Mg, Mn, Co, Zn) and crystallizes in the space group P 2 1 / c , Z = 2, with a = 641.25(1), b = 1041.42(1), c = 1278.18(2) pm and β = 104.243(1)°. The structure is composed of Ni 2+ and (PO 2 NH) 4 4− ions as well as crystal water molecules. The P 4 N 4 rings of the (PO 2 NH) 4 4− ions exhibit a slightly distorted chair–2 conformation, which has been described by torsion angles, displacement asymmetry parameters and puckering parameters. The tetrametaphosphimate anions are connected forming layers. These layers are linked solely by hydrogen bonds, forming a three‐dimensional network.
Sustained-Release Erythropoietin Ameliorates Cardiac Function in Infarcted Rat - Heart Without Inducing Polycythemia (2006)

Gelatin hydrogel sheets incorporating 1 U erythropoietin improved LV function without inducing polycythemia in a rat chronic myocardial infarction model.
Identification, Isolation, and Cloning of Growth Hormone (GH)-Inducible Interscapular Brown Adipose Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid from GH Antagonist Mice* (2001)

In a dwarf mouse line that expresses a GH antagonist, we found that the interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) mass is significantly greater than that in nontransgenic littermates. We proposed that gene expression in iBAT may be up- or down-regulated by GH. To identify these genes, we employed the PCR-select subtraction approach to construct subtractive libraries from iBAT total RNAs. We have generated forward and reverse subtractive libraries. Clones were screened by differential hybridization and identified by BLAST similarity to expressed sequence tags and complementary DNA sequences. Four novel expressed sequence tags were isolated from the reverse subtractive library. Of them, clone 42, was further analyzed. It encodes a 2475-bp messenger RNA with an open reading frame of 346 amino acids. Northern blot analysis demonstrated two RNA isoforms (2.5 and 1.3 kb) in various tissues. Differential expression of both isoforms was verified in GH antagonist and nontransgenic mouse iBAT. BLAST searches suggested that clone 42 is highly homologous to a gene found in a human female fetal brain and a related gene found in a human pituitary tumor.
ChemInform Abstract: Extension of Decker Oxidation (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the Fluid Extract of Scutellaria Lateriflora (1855)

system had been established, and I have seen reason, from the success of this treatment, to recommend the use of this agent con- stantly from that time to the present.The dose may be from two to three scruples of the bi-carbonate dissolved in two or three fluid ounces of water, taken once in two hours, and it may be continued
Preparation and Biological Characterization of Limulus Factor G-activating Substance of <I>Aspergillus</I> spp. (2017)

Aspergillus is a medically important fungal genus that causes a life-threatening infection known as aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. β-1,3-Glucan is detected in the plasma of patients with aspergillosis and appears to be useful for the diagnosis of aspergillosis. In this study, we cultured Aspergillus spp. in a chemically defined liquid medium and prepared an Aspergillus water-soluble fraction (ASWS) from the culture supernatants. ASWS was found to be primarily composed of polysaccharides and proteins. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis suggested that ASWS is a complex carbohydrate, consisting of α-1,3-glucan, β-1,3-glucan, galactomannan, and protein. The ASWS from Aspergillus fumigatus showed limulus factor G activity, whereas zymolyase-treated ASWS did not. ASWS was eliminated from the blood more rapidly than Aspergillus solubilized cell wall β-glucan. We analyzed the reactivity of human immunoglobulin towards ASWS by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-ASWS antibodies were detected in human sera, with titers differing among individuals. This study demonstrated that the ASWS corresponds to the limulus factor G-activating substance found in the blood of patients with aspergillosis.
Optimal Renewable Resources Mix for Distribution System Energy Loss Minimization (2009)

It is widely accepted that renewable energy sources are the key to a sustainable energy supply infrastructure since they are both inexhaustible and nonpolluting. A number of renewable energy technologies are now commercially available, the most notable being wind power, photovoltaic, solar thermal systems, biomass, and various forms of hydraulic power. In this paper, a methodology has been proposed for optimally allocating different types of renewable distributed generation (DG) units in the distribution system so as to minimize annual energy loss. The methodology is based on generating a probabilistic generation-load model that combines all possible operating conditions of the renewable DG units with their probabilities, hence accommodating this model in a deterministic planning problem. The planning problem is formulated as mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP), with an objective function for minimizing the system's annual energy losses. The constraints include the voltage limits, the feeders' capacity, the maximum penetration limit, and the discrete size of the available DG units. This proposed technique has been applied to a typical rural distribution system with different scenarios, including all possible combinations of the renewable DG units. The results show that a significant reduction in annual energy losses is achieved for all the proposed scenarios.