gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA probes for detecting Coxiella burnetii strains. (1992)

Methods have been developed for the rapid detection of C. burnetii by specific hybridization of labelled DNA probes to rickettsial plasmid DNA sequences present in clinical samples. One DNA probe detects all C. burnetii strains, while additional probes differentiate, between organisms associated with chronic or acute disease. Using these probes, C. burnetii can be identified in blood, urine, and tissue samples. The plasmid-derived DNA probes detect as few as 10(4) organisms and less than 1 ng of Coxiella DNA. Host-cell DNA has no effect on the hybridization signal from C. burnetii DNA, and these probes do not cross-react with a variety of microorganisms, including both common laboratory contaminants and organisms that cause clinical symptoms similar to those of Q fever. The sensitivity of the assay is markedly enhanced when the procedure employs the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify C. burnetii DNA. This requires construction of oligonucleotide primers to DNA sequences flanking the target region of the DNA being amplified. For C. burnetii detection, several sets of primers have been prepared. One set is derived from the QpH1 H fragment, a region that is shared by all C. burnetii plasmids (homologous sequences are also present in the plasmidless strains of C. burnetii). The H primers detect all strains of C. burnetii. To differentiate between C. burnetii strains, additional primers, specific for DNA sequences that are unique either to chronic or acute disease-related strains of C. burnetii are employed. PCR amplifies target sequences up to 10(6)-fold. When DNA hybridization is used in conjunction with PCR, the test can detect less than 10 C. burnetii cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Driving Fatigue Identification Method Based on Physiological Signals (2008)

Driving fatigue is a serious issue for traffic accident risk, for fatigue affects the drivers' ability to continue driving safely. On-line monitoring of physiological signals while driving provides the possibility of detecting fatigue in real time and is absorbing much attention in the road safety field. This study aims to identify driving fatigue through a driver's physiological signals. Physiological signals, including heart rate, skin conduction, electro- myogram, skin temperature and respiration, were collected on eight simulating experiments with 1Hz sample rate. Then wavelet transform was used to find feature vectors and a two-step fuzzy cluster analysis was developed to classify the different levels of fatigue, including alertness, a transitional phase and fatigue. Compared with the experimental data, 93.75% of the normal and abnormal states and 63.64% of the transitional and fatigue levels had been correctly identified. The results showed that such a method could provide an effective way to detect a driver's alert state level. To improve the reliability of this algorithm, more physiological signals are needed and an impersonal metrics must be used to judge the actual state of the driver.
The role of the non-canonical Wnt–planar cell polarity pathway in neural crest migration (2013)

The neural crest is an embryonic stem cell population whose migratory behaviour has been likened to malignant invasion. The neural crest, as does cancer, undergoes an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and migrates to colonize almost all the tissues of the embryo. Neural crest cells exhibit collective cell migration, moving in streams of high directionality. The migratory neural crest streams are kept in shape by the presence of negative signals in their vicinity. The directionality of the migrating neural crest is achieved by contact-dependent cell polarization, in a phenomenon called contact inhibition of locomotion. Two cells experiencing contact inhibition of locomotion move away from each other after collision. However, if the cell density is high only cells exposed to a free edge can migrate away from the cluster leading to the directional migration of the whole group. Recent work performed in chicks, zebrafish and frogs has shown that the non-canonical Wnt-PCP (planar cell polarity) pathway plays a major role in neural crest migration. PCP signalling controls contact inhibition of locomotion between neural crest cells by localizing different PCP proteins at the site of cell contact during collision and locally regulating the activity of Rho GTPases. Upon collision RhoA (ras homologue family member A) is activated, whereas Rac1 is inhibited at the contact between two migrating neural crest cells, leading to the collapse of protrusions and the migration of cells away from one another. The present review summarizes the mechanisms that control neural crest migration and focuses on the role of non-canonical Wnt or PCP signalling in this process.
The frontiers of magnetic bubble technology (1975)

Two areas of major emphasis in the development of magnetic bubble memories are discussed: the effort to increase the bit-packing density and the effort to increase the operating speed of these memories. It is pointed out that increasing the density by scaling down an existing chip design involves consideration of not only lithographic and fabrication problems, but also magnetic materials problems. High density chips may be obtained with at least three different chip configurations: 1) the familiar Permalloy-bar file (PBF) employing T-bar figures, but fabricated with electron-beam lithography and single-level masking; 2) the contiguous-disk file (CDF) which utilizes relatively coarse Permalloy patterns and hence eases lithography requirements; and 3) the bubble-lattice file (BLF) which employs closely packed bubbles with a novel wall-structure data-coding scheme. The relative advantages of these three schemes are compared: the PBF has been developed the farthest and is the only configuration employing single-level masking; the highest density is offered by the CDF if lithography is not the limiting factor, and by the BLF if the achievement of small-diameter bubbles is the limiting factor. Two factors which govern the operating speed of a bubble memory are discussed: the velocity of propagation of a bubble and the organization of the memory so as to achieve the shortest possible access and latency times. Significant progress is being made in the development of bubble materials which support high bubble velocities; this progress is based on understanding of complex changes in wall structure which occur during bubble motion. The advantages of the major/minor loop and coincident-selection organizational schemes in reducing access times and in sharing interconnections and electronics are reviewed. The capabilities of the magnetic bubble memory technology are briefly compared with those of the semiconductor and magnetic disk technologies.
Über Thiocarbamoyl‐isothiocyanate, II (1970)

Abstract Aus Thiocarbamidsäure‐chloriden ( 1 ) wurden aliphatische Thiocarbamoyl‐isothiocyanate ( 2 ) hergestellt. Charakteristisch ist ihre Fähigkeit zu 2 + 4‐Cycloadditionen mit Heterocumulenen, Iminen und Enaminen sowie zur 1 + 4‐Cycloaddition mit Isonitrilen. Auf diese Weise wurde eine Anzahl 1.3‐Thiazine ( 3, 4 ), 1.3.5‐Thiadiazine ( 5–7 ) und Thiazole ( 10 ) mit Thion‐und Aminogruppen synthetisiert. Tautomeriefähige Imine cyclokondensierten mit 2 zu Pyrimidin‐dithionen ( 8 ).
ONE-YEAR DIOSMIN THERAPY (600 MG) IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY - RESULTS AND ANALYSIS (2010)

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is increasingly affecting more and more patients, usually in their prime of life. This is most often a result of negligent examination overlooking varicose veins in different stages of development that present with edema, subfascial tension of the lower legs and, in some cases, even restriction of leg movement. The authors evaluated the efficiency of diosmin (600 mg) received for one year (from November 2007 to February 2008) by 256 patients. These patients were allocated into 4 groups by severity of the respective subjective complaints. Patients in all phases of CVI demonstrated good tolerance to the drug, which was found to have the best effect in reducing the edema in group I and group II (patients with initial symptoms). It also had a very good effect on pain intensity in groups III and IV (patients feeling heaviness and continuous pains in the lower legs in walking).
Complementary DMOS process for LSI (1975)

Through the application of diffused MOS (DMOS) transistors to the design of complementary MOS circuits, a CMOS process that is simpler and denser than that presently used has been designed and demonstrated. Test circuits using 1 ohm. cm n-type
The Reaction of Succinic and Glutaric Acid with Amines (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Succinic and Glutaric Acid with AminesG. Brooke Hoey and Chas. T. LesterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 9, 4473–4474Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01153a521https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Carbohydrate Microarrays for Assaying Galactosyltransferase Activity (2007)

[reaction: see text] Carbohydrate microarrays have been used recently for the rapid analysis of glycan-protein or glycan-cell interactions and for the detection of pathogens. As a demonstration of its significance and versatility, the microarray technology has been applied in this effort to assay glycosyltransferase activities. In addition, carbohydrate microarray based methods have been employed to quantitatively determine binding affinities between lectins and carbohydrates.
Melatonin analogue new indole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives with antioxidant behavior: Synthesis and structure–activity relationships (2008)

Melatonin (MLT) is a hormone produced in the brain by the pineal gland, from the amino acid tryptophan. It is also an antioxidant hormone with a particular role in the protection of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. In recent years, many physiological properties of MLT have been described resulting in much attention in the development of synthetic compounds possessing the indole ring. Sixteen MLT analogue indole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated. Most of the compounds showed significantly higher activity than MLT at 10(-3) M and 10(-4) M concentrations.
Inhibiting Agents in the Oxidation od Unsaturated Organic Compounds (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibiting Agents in the Oxidation od Unsaturated Organic CompoundsOtto M. Smith and Robert Eri WoodCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1926, 18, 7, 691–694Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1926https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50199a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50199a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Adobe Acrobat 7 PDF Bible (2001)

Find just what you need to incorporate PDFs in your workflows with the newest edition of this perennial top-selling reference and tutorial from Acrobat guru, Ted Padova. He packs these pages with tips guaranteed to help you get the most out of this powerful software. You'll find techniques for creating, editing, and repurposing PDFs for everything from print to CD-ROMs, the Internet, e-book content, and more. Keep this classic within reachyou'll turn to it again and again.
The DOF-Domain Transcription Factor ZmDOF36 Positively Regulates Starch Synthesis in Transgenic Maize (2019)

Starch synthesis is a complex process that influences crop yield and grain quality in maize. Many key enzymes have been identified in starch biosynthesis; however, the regulatory mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a DOF family gene, <i>ZmDOF36</i>, through transcriptome sequencing analysis. Real-time PCR indicated that <i>ZmDOF36</i> was highly expressed in maize endosperm, with lower expression in leaves and tassels. <i>ZmDOF36</i> is a typical DOF transcription factor (TF) that is localized to the nucleus and possesses transcriptional activation activity, and its transactivation domain is located in the C-terminus (amino acids 227-351). Overexpression of <i>ZmDOF36</i> can increase starch content and decrease the contents of soluble sugars and reducing sugars. In addition, abnormal starch structure in transgenic maize was also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the expression levels of starch synthesis-related genes were up-regulated in <i>ZmDOF36</i>-expressing transgenic maize. ZmDOF36 was also shown to bind directly to the promoters of six starch biosynthesis genes, <i>ZmAGPS1a</i>, <i>ZmAGPL1</i>, <i>ZmGBSSI</i>, <i>ZmSSIIa</i>, <i>ZmISA1</i>, and <i>ZmISA3</i> in yeast one-hybrid assays. Transient expression assays showed that ZmDOF36 can activate the expression of <i>ZmGBSSI</i> and <i>ZmISA1</i> in tobacco leaves. Collectively, the results presented here suggest that ZmDOF36 acts as an important regulatory factor in starch synthesis, and could be helpful in devising strategies for modulating starch production in maize endosperm.
A Filtering Antenna With High Frequency Selectivity Using Stacked Dual-Slotted Substrate Integrated Cavities (2020)

In this letter, the stacked dual-slotted substrate integrated cavities (SICs) are proposed to achieve a filtering antenna. The dual-slotted SIC shows dual-mode behavior (quasi-dual-slot mode and quasi-cavity mode), which can achieve multiorder response with fewer SICs. Furthermore, the antenna exists at two frequencies at which the electric field has opposite horizontal component (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) near each slot. Thus, two radiation nulls can be obtained to enhance the frequency selectivity. The frequencies of the radiation nulls and the dual modes can both be controlled to some extent by the distance between the slots. For demonstration, a prototype at 9.65 GHz is designed with the fractional bandwidth of 9.1%, the gain of 7.2 dBi, and the frequency selectivity of 0.70.
Glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor increases calcitonin gene‐related peptide immunoreactivity in sensory and motoneurons <i>in vivo</i> (2003)

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is expressed at high levels in roughly 50% of spinal sensory neurons and plays a role in peripheral vasodilation as well as nociceptive signalling in the spinal cord. Spinal motoneurons express low levels of CGRP; motoneuronal CGRP is thought to be involved in end-plate plasticity and to have trophic effects on target muscle cells. As both sensory and motoneurons express receptors for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) we sought to determine whether CGRP was regulated by GDNF. Rats were treated intrathecally for 1-3 weeks with recombinant human GDNF or nerve growth factor (NGF) (12 microg/day) and dorsal root ganglia and spinal cords were stained for CGRP. The GDNF treatment not only increased CGRP immunoreactivity in both sensory and motoneurons but also resulted in hypertrophy of both populations. By combined in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry we found that, in the dorsal root ganglia, CGRP was up-regulated specifically in neurons expressing GDNF but not NGF receptors following GDNF treatment. Despite the increase in CGRP in GDNF-treated rats, there was no increase in thermal or mechanical pain sensitivity, while NGF-treated animals showed significant decreases in pain thresholds. In motoneurons, GDNF increased the overall intensity of CGRP immunoreactivity but did not increase the number of immunopositive cells. As GDNF has been shown to promote the regeneration of both sensory and motor axons, and as CGRP appears to be involved in motoneuronal plasticity, we reason that at least some of the regenerative effects of GDNF are mediated through CGRP up-regulation.
Fleeting memories: cognition of brief visual stimuli (1999)

The investigation of what people understand and remember from rapidly presented sequences of visual stimuli began in the late 1960s. In this book prominent researchers approach the topic from psychological, neuropsychological, and electrophysiological perspectives. Specific issues include RSVP (rapid serial visual presentation), attentional blink, repetition blindness, and scene perception. The contributors review recent research on our ability to comprehend and remember pictures of objects and scenes, written words, and sentences when the visual stimuli are presented sequentially at rates of up to ten items per second. In short, the book is about our remarkably developed abilities to understand and remember the contents of very briefly presented material.Contributors : Daphne Bavelier, Veronika Coltheart, Helene Intraub, Nancy Kanwisher, Steven J. Luck, Nadine Martin, Mary C. Potter, Eleanor M. Saffran, Kimron L. Shapiro, Ewa Wojciulik, Jeremy M. Wolfe, Carol Yin.
A Memory-Based Approach to Anti-Spam Filtering (2001)

This paper presents an extensive empirical evaluation of memory-based learning in the context of anti-spam filtering, a novel cost-sensitive application of text categorization. Unsolicited commercial e-mail, also known as &quot;spam&quot;, floods the mailboxes of users, causing frustration, wasting bandwidth and money, and exposing minors to unsuitable content. Using a recently introduced publicly available corpus, a thorough investigation of the effectiveness of a memory-based anti-spam filter is performed, including different attribute and distance weighting schemes, and studies on the effect of the neighborhood size, the size of the attribute set, and the size of the training corpus. Three different cost scenarios are identified, and suitable cost-sensitive evaluation functions are employed. We conclude that memory-based anti-spam filtering is practically feasible, especially when combined with additional safety nets. Compared to a previously tested Naive Bays filter, the memory-based filter performs on average better, particularly when the misclassification cost for non-spam messages is high.
Applications of traveling-wave laser amplifiers in subcarrier multiplexed lightwave systems (1990)

Describes applications of traveling-wave laser amplifiers (TWLAs) in subcarrier-multiplexed distribution systems for both frequency-modulated (FM) and amplitude-modulated vestigial-sideband (AM-VSB) video signal distribution. The characteristics of a 1300-nm facet-angled and antireflection-coated TWLA are described. Analytical carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) characterizations of subcarrier-multiplexed systems employing TWLAs are given. Experimental results of using TWLAs in multichannel FM and AM-VSB video signal systems are described. The potential optical-reflection problems associated with the residual reflectivities of optical fiber connectors and splices while using TWLAs are briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Herpesvirus Late Gene Expression: A Viral-Specific Pre-initiation Complex Is Key (2016)

During their productive cycle, herpesviruses exhibit a strictly regulated temporal cascade of gene expression that can be divided into three general stages: immediate-early (IE), early (E) and late (L). This expression program is the result of a complex interplay between viral and cellular factors at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, as well as structural differences within the promoter architecture for each of the three gene classes. Since the cellular enzyme RNA polymerase II (RNAP-II) is responsible for the transcription of herpesvirus genes, most viral promoters contain DNA motifs that are common with those of cellular genes, although promoter complexity decreases from immediate-early to late genes. Immediate-early and early promoters contain numerous cellular and viral cis-regulating sequences upstream of a TATA box, whereas late promoters differ significantly in that they lack cis-acting sequences upstream of the Transcription Start Site (TSS). Moreover, in the case of the β- and γ-herpesviruses, a TATT box motif is frequently found in the position where the consensus TATA box of eukaryotic promoters usually localizes. The mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the late viral gene promoters appear to be different between α-herpesviruses and the two other herpesvirus subfamilies ( and ). In this review, we will compare the mechanisms of late gene transcriptional regulation between HSV-1, for which the viral IE transcription factors - especially ICP4 - play an essential role, and the two other subfamilies of herpesviruses, with a particular emphasis on EBV, which has recently been found to code for its own specific TATT-binding protein.
Enhancement of global vehicle localization using navigable road maps and dead-reckoning (2008)

This paper presents a data fusion strategy for the global localization of car-like vehicles. The system uses raw GNSS measurements, dead-reckoning sensors and road map data. We present a new method to use the map information as a heading observation in a Kalman filter. Experimental results show the benefit of such a method when the GPS information is not available. Then, we propose a conservative localization strategy that relies mainly on dead-reckoned navigation. The GNSS measurements and the map information are not used when consistency tests are doubtful. Experimental tests indicate that the performance is effectively better when using only the available consistent information.