gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell Wall Composition of the Yeastlike and Mycelial Forms of <i>Blastomyces dermatitidis</i> (1971)

The thermally induced changes in the cell wall polysaccharides of Blastomyces dermatitidis strain BD64, which produces a yeastlike form (Y form) at 37 C and a mycelial form (M form) at 20 C, were examined. The cell walls of the Y and M forms contained 36 and 51% of hexoses, respectively. The M-form cell wall contained glucose, galactose, and mannose in a molar ratio of 1:0.1:0.2. The Y-form cell wall contained mainly glucose and a very small amount of galactose and mannose. The glucans of the cell wall of the Y form consisted of about 95% alpha-glucan and 5% beta-glucan, whereas those of the M-form cell wall consisted of about 60% alpha-glucan and 40% beta-glucan.
Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios as Indicators of Prehistoric Human Diet (1984)

Stable carbon isotope analyses of bone collagen extracted from prehistoric human skeletal remains from southeastern Missouri and northeastern Arkansas indicate that intensive maize agriculture began in this region around 1000 AD, that the incorporation of maize as a significant component of the human diet was rapid, and that 35 to 72% of the human diet from 1000 to 1600 AD consisted of maize. While archaeologists generally have thought that maize agriculture was common by the start of the Mississippian culture (≃ 700 AD), these results indicate that maize agriculture did not reach full development until some time after 1000 AD. Stable carbon isotope methods exploit natural variations in the relative abundances of the isotopes 13C and 12C, and are valuable archaeological tools for the study of paleonutrition.
Fault detection and identification methodology under an incremental learning framework applied to industrial electromechanical systems (2017)

Condition Based Maintenance is a program that recommends actions based on the information collected and interpreted through condition monitoring and has become accepted since a decade ago by the industry as a key factor to avoiding expensive unplanned machine stoppages and reaching high production ratios. Among the condition based maintenance strategies, data-driven fault diagnosis methodologies have gained increased attention because of the high performance and widen range of applicability due to less restrictive constrains in comparison to other approaches. Therefore, an increased effort is been made to develop reliable methodologies that could diagnose multiple known faults on a machine with initial applications in controlled environments like laboratory test benches. 

However, applying those methods to industry applications still represent an ongoing challenge due to the multiple limitations involved and the high reliability and robustness required. One of the most important challenges in the industrial sector refers to the management of unexpected events, in respect of how to detect new faults or anomalies in the machine. In addition, the information initially available of the monitored industrial machine is usually limited to the healthy condition, therefore is not only necessary to detect these new scenarios but also incorporate this information to the initial base knowledge. 

In this regard, this thesis present a series of complementary methodologies that leads to the implementation of a fault detection and identification system capable to detect multiple faults and new scenarios of industrial electromechanical machines under an incremental learning framework to include the new scenarios detected to the initial base knowledge while achieving a high performance and generalization capabilities. Initially, a methodology to increase the performance of novelty detection models to detect unexpected events in electromechanical system is proposed. Then, a methodology to implement a sequential fault detection and identification system composed by a novelty detection and a fault diagnosis stages with high accuracy is proposed. Finally, two different methodologies are proposed to provide the sequential fault detection and identification system the capacity to include new scenarios to the base knowledge. The proposed methodologies have been validated by means of experimental data of laboratory test benches and industrial electromechanical systems.
Identification of Cyanidin 3-<i>O</i>-β-(6″-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)glucoside) and Other Anthocyanins from Wild and Cultivated Blackberries (2011)

Anthocyanins from blackberries are natural dietary pigments. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of anthocyanins in fruits of wild Norwegian blackberries and three blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus L.) cultivars and to report the complete identification of cyanidin 3-O-β-(6″-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl)glucopyranoside), 5. This new pigment is most probably the same pigment that has previously been reported to occur in various blackberry samples as cyanidin 3-dioxalylglucoside. All of the examined blackberry samples contained in similar relative proportions the 3-glucoside (1), 3-rutinoside (2), 3-xyloside (3), and 3-O-β-(6″-malonylglucoside) (4) of cyanidin and 5. The absolute amounts of 1-5 in the wild Norwegian blackberries were 249, 18, 10, 24, and 22 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g of fresh weight, respectively.
Control Optimizing Algorithm for Soft Sun-Trackers (2006)

The paper is presenting an optimizing control algorithm for PV soft sun trackers. The study is dealing with a covering problem with a time intervals set [S, D]. The set covers the duration of any day of the year from sunrise to sunset. A very important result of the proposed algorithm consists in the fact the number of the movements of the PV is reduced to less than the half in comparison with the other sensor based trackers
Non-Uniformity of Ion Implantation in Direct-Current Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation (2010)

A particle-in-cell simulation is developed to study dc plasma immersion ion implantation. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the voltage applied to the target on the ion path, and the ion flux distribution on the target surface. It is found that the potential near the aperture within the plasma region is not the plasma potential, and is impacted by the voltage applied to the implanted target. A curved equipotential contour expands into the plasma region through the aperture and the extent of the expansion depends on the voltage. Ions accelerated by the electric field in the sheath form a beam shape and a flux distribution on the target surface, which are strongly dependent on the applied voltage. The results of the simulations demonstrate the formation mechanism of the grid-shadow effect, which is in agreement with the result observed experimentally.
Solid-State NMR and Electrochemical Dilatometry Study on Li[sup +] Uptake/Extraction Mechanism in SiO Electrode (2007)

This work reports the Li+ uptake/extraction mechanism in silicon monoxide (SiO) as the negative electrode in lithium secondary\nbatteries. A combined study of solid-state 29Si- and 7Li-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electrochemical dilatometry, and\ncharge-discharge cycling consistently demonstrates that the SiO2 domain in SiO irreversibly reacts with Li+ to produce lithium\nsilicates and Li2O in the first discharging period, whereas the elemental Si domain reversibly reacts, delivering the same chargedischarge\ncharacteristics to those of conventional amorphous Si electrodes. The volume expansion accompanied by the irreversible\nreaction is less significant than that caused by the lithiation of Si domain. The postmortem analysis made on cycled electrodes\nreveals a phase segregation between the lithium silicates/Li2O and lithiated Si phase. It is likely that the lithium silicates/Li2O\nphase plays a buffering role against the volume change of Si matrix, but the crack formation at the phase boundaries and eventual\npulverization are still a problem to be solved.
S-clause segmentation for efficient syntactic analysis using decision trees (2003)

In dependency parsing of long sentences with fewer subjects than predicates, it is difficult to recognize which predicate governs which subject. To handle such syntactic ambiguity between subjects and predicates, this paper proposes an “Sclause” segmentation method, where an S(ubject)clause is defined as a group of words containing several predicates and their common subject. We propose an automatic S-clause segmentation method using decision trees. The S-clause information was shown to be very effective in analyzing long sentences, with an improved performance of 5 percent. 1
Characterizing Deep-Learning I/O Workloads in TensorFlow (2018)

The performance of Deep-Learning (DL) computing frameworks rely on the performance of data ingestion and checkpointing. In fact, during the training, a considerable high number of relatively small files are first loaded and pre-processed on CPUs and then moved to accelerator for computation. In addition, checkpointing and restart operations are carried out to allow DL computing frameworks to restart quickly from a checkpoint. Because of this, I/O affects the performance of DL applications. In this work, we characterize the I/O performance and scaling of TensorFlow, an open-source programming framework developed by Google and specifically designed for solving DL problems. To measure TensorFlow I/O performance, we first design a micro-benchmark to measure TensorFlow reads, and then use a TensorFlow mini-application based on AlexNet to measure the performance cost of I/O and checkpointing in TensorFlow. To improve the checkpointing performance, we design and implement a burst buffer. We find that increasing the number of threads increases TensorFlow bandwidth by a maximum of 2.3× and 7.8× on our benchmark environments. The use of the tensorFlow prefetcher results in a complete overlap of computation on accelerator and input pipeline on CPU eliminating the effective cost of I/O on the overall performance. The use of a burst buffer to checkpoint to a fast small capacity storage and copy asynchronously the checkpoints to a slower large capacity storage resulted in a performance improvement of 2.6× with respect to checkpointing directly to slower storage on our benchmark environment.
Studies on Evaluation of Spent Bleaching Clay as a Feed Ingredient in Broiler Chicks (2007)

본 연구는 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)를 육계 사료 원료로 가치를 평가하기 위해서 실시하였다. 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)는 대두유의 정제 과정에서 생산되어지며, 생 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)속에는 조지방(26.0%)과 조회분(68.3%)은 풍부하나, 수분(5.2%)과 조단백질(0.5%)의 함량은 낮게 평가되었다. 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)와 대두유의 산가는 각각 9.72 및 0.001로 유의한 차이가 인정되었다(P<0.05). 뿐만아니라 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)의 과산화물가는 대두유보다 유의하게 높아서(P<0.05) 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)의 빠른 산패 가능성을 시사한 결과이다. 그러나 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)의 산패는 인공적인 방법으로 막을 수 있을 것이다. 한편 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)의 육계 사육에서의 <TEX>$2.0{\sim}4.0%$</TEX>의 첨가는 사료 섭취량, 증체량 및 사료 효율을 개선시켰다. 결론적으로 육계 사료에 <TEX>$2.0{\sim}4.0%$</TEX>의 식용유 정제 폐백토(spent bleaching clay)의 이용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. Studies were conducted to evaluate spent bleaching clay as a feed resource. Raw spent bleaching clay from the soybean refining process in a rotary reactor is rich in crude fat (26.0%) and crude ash (68.3%) but low in moisture (5.2%) and crude protein (0.5%). The peroxide value of spent bleaching clay was significantly higher than soybean oil (P<0.05). Also the acid value of spent bleaching clay and soybean oil were 9.72 and 0.001, respectively, it was significantly different(P<0.01). It is possible that the acidification of spent bleaching clay was prevented by artificial method. On the feeding experiment, 2.0 to 4.0% of dietary spent bleaching clay were improve body weight gain, feed intake and feed/ gain. Results indicate that spent bleaching clay may be used at 2.0 to 4.0% for broiler diets without deleterious effects on performance.
Teen hepatitis B vaccine (1994)

All U.S. adolescents need to be vaccinated against hepatitis B, experts from five national medical organizations recently agreed. AAP adolescent-medicine specialists, and members of the AMA, the North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology, and the American School Health Association analyzed hepatitis B immunization at a November roundtable discussion sponsored by the Society for Adolescent Medicine (SAM). Hepatitis B is the only disease for which vaccine introduction has not lowered transmission rates, according to the group.
Lactate Dehydrogenase Isozymes: Dissociation and Denaturation by Dilution (1968)

The tetrameric enzyme lactate dehydrogenase dissociates into its constituent monomeric subunits in a high ion to protein concentration ratio, in certain ionic environments when frozen, and at extreme dilution. Dissociation by dilution involves changes in tertiary conformation which inactivate the enzyme. The dissociation is strongly inhibited by homologous native proteins, but only slightly by denatured or unrelated proteins.
A very wide-band frequency response measurement system using optical heterodyne detection (1989)

A very-wide band frequency response measurement system for optical devices has been established using the optical heterodyne detection method utilizing two distributed feedback-laser diodes (DFB-LDs). By controlling the laser diode (LD) temperature, the beat frequency is swept from DC to beyond several tens of gigahertz and the measurable bandwidth can be extended to that frequency without any additional calibration. In this system, the spectral linewidth of each LD is stabilized by the two-stage optical isolator and the lightwaves are mixed with the same polarization by a polarization-maintaining optical coupler. The optical frequency fluctuation of the LD is detected by the change of the transmitted optical power through Fabry-Perot etalon and the frequency is controlled by the negative feedback to the LD temperature. Included are a comparison of measurement methods, features of the developed measurement system, and the measurement results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Changes in caspase activity during the postmortem conditioning period and its relationship to shear force in porcine longissimus muscle1 (2006)

The objective of this study was to investigate the protease family caspases in skeletal muscle and their potential contribution to postmortem proteolysis and meat tenderization. Ten Large White gilts were slaughtered, and samples of LM were taken at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 192 h after slaughter and immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen. Samples were subsequently analyzed for caspase 3/7 and caspase 9 activity, protein levels of known caspase substrates, alpha II spectrin and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), as well as, at 192 h, shear force. Specific degradation products of alpha II spectrin and PARP, which are known indicators of caspase activity, and apoptosis were detected on immunoblots of muscle samples taken over the postmortem period. The relationships between the changes observed in caspase activities and protein levels of PARP and spectrin across the entire postmortem conditioning period were investigated (n = 70). Protein levels of alpha II spectrin cleavage products across the conditioning period were found to correlate positively to caspase 3/7 activity (r = 0.38, P = 0.003) and caspase 9 activity (r = 0.32, P = 0.012), indicating that caspase-mediated cleavage was occurring in situ. There was a negative relationship between shear force and the 0 to 32 h ratio of caspase 3/7 (r = -0.62, P = 0.053) and caspase 9 activities (r = -0.68, P = 0.044). In addition, there was also a negative relationship between shear force and the level of the caspase-generated alpha II spectrin 120 kDa degradation product (r = -0.75, P = 0.012). The findings of this study indicate that changes in caspase activity and caspase-mediated cleavage take place in muscle during the conditioning period, and this could be associated with the development of tender meat.
Wireless Sensor Node hardware: A review (2008)

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are becoming increasingly popular, due to the benefits they bring to many applications as well as the increasing availability and maturity of the underlying technology. The fundamental building blocks of these networks are the sensor nodes themselves, the sensors attached to these nodes, and the software running on the nodes. A basic sensor node platform consists of a CPU, a radio and a power supply. For the last 10 years a number of research institutions and companies have been designing and producing nodes with these three components as a minimum. We review how these sensor nodes have evolved over this time and we also categorize the features of various platforms so as to enable an application developer to quickly determine which node is appropriate for their particular network or which features are desirable for inclusion on a custom built sensor platform.
A backtracking LR algorithm for parsing ambiguous context-dependent languages (2006)

Parsing context-dependent computer languages requires an ability to maintain and query data structures while parsing for the purpose of influencing the parse. Parsing ambiguous computer languages requires an ability to generate a parser for arbitrary context-free grammars. In both cases we have tools for generating parsers from a grammar. However, languages that have both of these properties simultaneously are much more difficult to parse. Consequently, we have fewer techniques. One approach to parsing such languages is to endow traditional LR systems with backtracking. This is a step towards a working solution, however there are number of problems. In this work we present two enhancements to a basic backtracking LR approach which enable the parsing of computer languages that are both context-dependent and ambiguous. Using our system we have produced a fast parser for C++ that is composed of strictly a scanner, a name lookup stage and parser generated from a grammar augmented with semantic actions and semantic 'undo' actions. Language ambiguities are resolved by prioritizing grammar declarations.
Fluorine containing Biologically Active Agents. Synthesis of some New Pyrimidine Derivatives (1994)

Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur-302 004<br> <em>Manuscript received 22 April 1993, revised 12 July 1993, accepted 19 August 1993</em> Fluorine containing Biologically Active Agents Synthesis of some New Pyrimidine Derivatives.
High performance sensorless solutions for induction motor control (2003)

This paper presents a comparison between four sensorless solutions for high performance induction motor control. The presented solutions are developed around two classical schemes based on direct flux oriented control (DFOC). The first one is based on the Luenberger rotor flux observer and the second one on the model reference adaptive scheme (MRAS) with voltage-current (UI) and current-speed (I/spl omega/) as rotor flux observers. For both cases have been tested the classical methods to obtain the estimated rotor speed (LNBPI), (MRASPI). In addition for Luenberger based scheme have been tested an original method to obtain the estimated rotor speed (LNBG), and for the MRAS based scheme a neural network have been developed in order to perform the estimation tasks (MRASNN). All four methods have been implemented and tested using a fixpoint Motorola DSP56F805.
EFECTOS DEL USO DEL SUELO SOBRE ALGUNAS PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS Y FÍSICAS, CONSIDERANDO SUELOS BAJO COBERTURA DE BOSQUE Y SUELOS BAJO USO AGRÍCOLA. (2013)

Conocer el comportamiento de los suelos bajo diferentes coberturas y el efecto del tiempo de uso en algunas de sus propiedades fisicas y quimicas fueron los objetivos principales del presente estudio. Fue realizado en la microcuenca del Arroyo Alegre, que forma parte de la Cuenca del Rio Acaray, en el Distrito de Ytakyry, Departamento  Alto Parana,  Republica del Paraguay. Fueron utilizadas muestras de suelos clasificados taxonomicamente, segun el sistema Soil Taxonomy, USDA, como Typic Rhodudalf.. Las propiedades quimicas analizadas fueron pH, contenido de materia organica (M.O), fosforo (P), calcio (Ca++), magnesio (Mg++), sodio (Na+), potasio (K+) y aluminio (Al+++). Las propiedades fisicas estudiadas fueron  textura y densidad aparente. Se da una clara diferencia, principalmente en el contenido de M.O, P, Ca++, Mg++  y  K+, asi como en la densidad aparente entre los suelos comparados. En cuanto al pH, Al+++ y contenido de Na+, todos los suelos presentaron comportamientos muy similares. Se observo que suelos con textura fina, como ser franco-arcillosa y arcillosa, presentaron  mayor contenido de materia organica que suelos con textura gruesa, areno-franca. Comparando suelos bajo diferentes coberturas, la variacion tambien fue clara. Suelos bajo cobertura de bosque, con textura fina, franco-arcillosa, poseen mayor cantidad de materia organica, calcio y magnesio que  suelos utilizados en actividades agricolas que tambien presentaron textura fina franco-arcillosa y arcillosa y/o suelos bajo cobertura de bosque pero con textura gruesa, areno franca. El contenido de P y K+ fue mayor en suelos con uso agricola. Suelos con un tiempo de uso mayor a cinco anos comparados con los de menor a 5 anos  de uso presentaron niveles mas bajos de M.O,   (Ca++),  (Mg++), (K+) y (Na+),  aunque se observo una leve diferencia del elemento fosforo, el cual fue mayor en los suelos con uso mayor   a cinco anos. La densidad aparente fue mayor en suelos con textura arcillosa, asi como la densidad fue mayor en suelos bajo uso agricola.  Las conclusiones finales indican que la fertilidad natural y la densidad aparente de los suelos sufren modificaciones importantes en los terrenos con diferentes coberturas y  tiempo de uso.
A compact 8&#x00D7;8 Butler matrix based on double-layer structure (2013)

In this paper, a novel 8×8 Butler matrix based on double-layer substrate structure is presented and realized. The double-layer structure is adopted to place components on the up and down layers without crossover. Two-section stepped coupling microstrip Schiffman phase shifters with λg/8 length are used to realize wideband phase shift. A three-branch line coupler is employed as wideband bridge. The 8×8 Butler matrix sample working in C band frequency is designed and fabricated, and the measured results indicate that the return loss of each port is better than -10dB in the frequency range over 4.2GHz-5.3GHz, while the isolation is better than 17dB, the distribution error is less than ±1dB, the phase error is less than ±12° and the average measured insert loss is about 2.5dB. Compared with conventional structure using crossover, the novel Butler matrix not only has lower loss and better adaptability to large scale multi-beam forming network, but also has more size reduction.
Kasami Code-Shift-Keying Modulation for Ultra Wideband Communication Systems (2006)

Ultra wideband (UWB) communication systems are generally applied to short-range wireless communications. In order to achieve higher rates or to support multiple access capabilities, direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) techniques have been introduced to UWB systems. Furthermore, the concept of M-ary code shift keying (M-CSK) was introduced into DSSS systems to achieve higher rates. In this work, we propose an M-CSK modulation technique based on the large set of Kasami sequences since it possesses good code properties. The modulation and demodulation schemes are developed and the system performance is well investigated. It is found that the Kasami M-CSK modulation outperforms other M-CSK modulation techniques or some UWB systems. Furthermore, based on our demodulation scheme, the hardware complexity of receivers can be greatly reduced to O(M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> ) and the implementation for a large M becomes feasible