gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cover Picture: Confined Electron‐Transfer Reactions within a Molecular Metal Oxide “Trojan Horse” (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 22/2005) (2005)

Upon thermal stimulation the two templating sulfite anions embedded in the “Trojan Horse” polyoxometalate cluster shown in the cover picture release electron “soldiers” to the cluster's surface, turning the cluster from colorless to blue (background). The formation of the mixed‐valence cluster shell is commensurate with the oxidation of the sulfite to sulfate anions. More details about this coupled structural and electronic rearrangement are given in the Communication by L. Cronin et al. on page 3415 ff.
LDRD final report backside localization of open and shorted IC interconnections LDRD Project (FY98 and FY 99) (2000)

Two new failure analysis techniques have been developed for backside and front side localization of open and shorted interconnections on ICs. These scanning optical microscopy techniques take advantage of the interactions between IC defects and localized heating using a focused infrared laser ({lambda} = 1,340 nm). Images are produced by monitoring the voltage changes across a constant current supply used to power the IC as the laser beam is scanned across the sample. The methods utilize the Seebeck Effect to localize open interconnections and Thermally-Induced Voltage Alteration (TIVA) to detect shorts. Initial investigations demonstrated the feasibility of TIVA and Seebeck Effect Imaging (SEI). Subsequent improvements have greatly increased the sensitivity of the TIVA/SEI system, reducing the acquisition times by more than 20X and localizing previously unobserved defects. The interaction physics describing the signal generation process and several examples demonstrating the localization of opens and shorts are described. Operational guidelines and limitations are also discussed. The system improvements, non-linear response of IC defects to heating, modeling of laser heating and examples using the improved system for failure analysis are presented.
Two-dimensional feature extraction and beam fanning suppression using acousto-optics (2001)

We review the role of acousto-optic (AO) Bragg modulators in spatial filtering. For lowpass spatial filtering, we use the Bragg-scattered beam, whereas for highpass filtering, we employ the forward scattered beam. Using the forward-scattered beam results in cross-derivative operation applications when two orthogonally oriented AO Bragg modulators are used. Using the Bragg-scattered beam, we propose suppression of beam fanning countered in nonlinear optics. In most cases our theory is verified by experimental results and computer simulations.
Synthesis of Macrocyclic Hexaoxazole (6OTD) Dimers, Containing Guanidine and Amine Functionalized Side Chains, and an Evaluation of Their Telomeric G4 Stabilizing Properties (2010)

Structure-activity relationship studies were carried out on macrocyclic hexaoxazole (6OTD) dimers, whose core structure stabilizes telomeric G-quadruplexes (G4). Two new 6OTD dimers having side chain amine and guanidine functional groups were synthesized and evaluated for their stabilizing ability against a telomeric G4 DNA sequence. The results show that the 6OTD dimers interact with the DNA to form 1:1 complexes and stabilize the antiparallel G4 structure of DNA in the presence of potassium cation. The guanidine functionalized dimer displays a potent stabilizing ability of the G4 structure, as determined by using a FRET melting assay (DeltaT(m) = 14 degrees C).
<scp>IL</scp>‐4‐induced gene 1 maintains high <scp>T</scp>ob1 expression that contributes to <scp>TCR</scp> unresponsiveness in human <scp>T</scp> helper 17 cells (2013)

Human Th17 cells have a limited proliferative capacity compared to other T-cell subsets. We have shown that human Th17 cells display impaired IL-2 production due to IL-4-induced gene 1 (IL4I1) upregulation. Here, we show that in human Th17 cells, IL4I1 also maintains high levels of Tob1, a member of the Tob/BTG (B-cell traslocation gene) antiproliferative protein family, which prevents cell-cycle progression mediated by TCR stimulation. Indeed, Th17 cells exhibited higher levels of Tob1 than Th1 cells in both resting and TCR-activated conditions. Accordingly, the expression of positive regulators of the cell cycle (cyclin A, B, C, and E and Cdk2), as well as of Skp2, which promotes Tob1 degradation, was lower in Th17 cells than in Th1 cells. Tob1 expression in human Th17 cells correlated with both RAR (retinoic acid receptor)-related orphan receptor C (RORC) and IL4I1 levels. However, RORC was not directly involved in the regulation of Tob1 expression, whereas IL4I1 silencing in Th17 cells induced a substantial decrease of Tob1 expression. These data suggest that IL4I1 upregulation in human Th17 cells limits their TCR-mediated expansion not only by blocking the molecular pathway involved in the activation of the IL-2 promoter, but also by maintaining high levels of Tob1, which impairs entry into the cell cycle.
A solid state 13C-NMR study of the cellulose-I-ethylenediamine complex. (1987)

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Zugriff auf externe Daten (2013)

No AccessExcel programmierenDec 2013Zugriff auf externe DatenMichael Kofler, Ralf NebeloMichael Kofler, Ralf Nebelohttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446439122.012SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2013Pages: 603-660Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43866-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43912-2 Copyright & Permissions© 2014 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Miniature-MCA technology developments (1992)

The authors have reduced the size of multichannel analyzers (MCAs) and have implemented more features in hardware to relieve software requirements. They built and tested a spectroscopy grade, 4096-channel MCA. Most of the hardware logic was implemented using a programmable, application-specific digital integrated circuit (ASIC). The ASIC not only reduced the size of the circuitry, but resulted in great versatility without relayout of the circuit boards. These ASIC techniques were used in a design to enhance the high-count-rate throughput of the portable MCA used extensively in safeguards. Exclusive of amplifier and power supply, the MCA fits on two boards each approximately 7 by 15 cm. The features and performance of the analyzer and some reasonable applications of these technologies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The gene for erythropoietin receptor is expressed in multipotential hematopoietic and embryonal stem cells: evidence for differentiation stage-specific regulation. (1992)

The principal regulator of erythropoiesis is the glycoprotein erythropoietin, which interacts with a specific cell surface receptor (EpoR). A study aimed at analyzing EpoR gene regulation has shown that both pluripotent embryonal stem cells and early multipotent hematopoietic cells express EpoR transcripts. Commitment to nonerythroid lineages (e.g., macrophage or lymphocytic) results in the shutdown of EpoR gene expression, whereas commitment to the erythroid lineage is concurrent with or followed by dramatic increases in EpoR transcription. To determine whether gene activity could be correlated with chromatin alterations, DNase-hypersensitive sites (HSS) were mapped. Two major HSS located in the promoter region and within the first intron of the EpoR gene are present in all embryonal stem and hematopoietic cells tested, the intensities of which correlate well with EpoR expression levels. In addition, a third major HSS also located within the first intron of the EpoR gene is uniquely present in erythroid cells that express high levels of EpoR. Transfection assays show that sequences surrounding this major HSS impart erythroid cell-specific enhancer activity to a heterologous promoter and that this activity is at least in part mediated by GATA-1. These data, together with concordant expression levels of GATA-1 and EpoR in both early multipotent hematopoietic and committed erythroid cells, support a regulatory role of the erythroid cell-specific transcription factor GATA-1 in EpoR transcription in these cells. However, the lack of significant levels of GATA-1 expression in embryonal stem cells implies an alternative regulatory mechanism of EpoR transcription in cells not committed to the hematopoietic lineage.
USAF Aerospace Doctrine: Enhancing the Air Campaign Planning Tool (ACPT), (1995)

Abstract : Desert Storm provided a renewed interest in planning air campaigns. The Air Campaign Planning Tool (ACPT), a combined HQ USAFIXOOC and ARPA initiative, provides a modem computer based planning tool to the JFACC's war planning staff. ACSC research project 95-034 provided three enhancements to the development of the first operational version of ACPT. First, an air campaign Historical Reference Library (MRL) was created and included in the real world ACPT, to provide the air campaign planner with a on-line, easy to use reference of past air campaigns from the perspective of a 1990s airpower planner. Secondly, an unclassified, ACPT Tutorial was created for simultaneous release with the next version of ACPT this summer. Finally, the level of ACSC student exposure to ACPT was increased by expanding ACPT use during the ACES DRAGON exercise to over 50 students, demonstrating ACPT to 50 ACSC faculty and many senior officers at both Air University's 1994 Air & Space Symposium and CADRE's 1995 JFACC Symposium. The HRL provides a synopsis, chronology, objectives, missions, tasks and lessons learned on eleven historical air campaigns. It covers a broad spectrum of air campaigns from major regional conflicts, like Operation Desert Storm and Rolling Thunder, to operations other than war (OOTW), like Operation Eldorado Canyon and Operation Nickel Grass. It also provides a reference for non-US conflicts like the Falklands War, the Yom Kippur War and Operation Babylon.
Tunable Thermal Energy Transport across Diamond Membranes and Diamond-Si Interfaces by Nanoscale Graphoepitaxy (2018)

The development of electronic devices, especially those that involve heterogeneous integration of materials, has led to increased challenges in addressing their thermal operational-temperature demands. The heat flow in these systems is significantly influenced or even dominated by thermal boundary resistance at interface between dissimilar materials. However, controlling and tuning heat transport across an interface and in the adjacent materials has so far drawn limited attention. In this work, we grow chemical-vapor-deposited (CVD) diamond on silicon substrates by graphoepitaxy and experimentally demonstrate tunable thermal transport across diamond membranes and diamond-silicon interfaces. We observed the highest diamond-silicon thermal boundary conductance (TBC) measured to date and increased diamond thermal conductivity due to strong grain texturing in the diamond near the interface. Additionally, non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics (NEMD) simulations and a Landauer approach are used to understand the diamond-silicon TBC. These findings pave the way for tuning or increasing thermal conductance in heterogeneously integrated electronics that involve polycrystalline materials and will impact applications including electronics thermal management and diamond growth.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Enzyme Synthesis of UDP‐GlcNAc Derivatives. (2012)

Abstract An efficient chemoenzymatic approach producing a series of uridine diphosphate N‐acetylglucosamine derivatives (III) containing natural and non‐natural modifications at C‐2 and C‐6 of the glusosamine moiety using a one‐pot three‐enzyme system is described.
The Influence of High Spinal Anesthesia on Sensitivity to Midazolam Sedation (1995)

We tested whether a high spinal anesthesia may alter the susceptibility to the soporific effects of sedatives. Twenty ASA grade I and II women undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy were randomly allocated into two groups. Patients in Group I were given a subarachnoid injection of 12 mg hyperbaric tetracaine and those patients who after 10 min had a sensory level of T4-6 (10 patients) were included in the study. Ten additional patients (Group II) received no spinal injection. Induction of anesthesia was performed on all patients by injecting 1 mg of midazolam intravenously every 30 s until the patient failed to respond to three repeated commands to squeeze the anesthetist's hand. This was considered the induction dose or end-point for the purposes of the study. Patients were then given a neuromuscular blocker, ventilated with oxygen, nitrous oxide, and a volatile anesthetic, tracheally intubated, and maintained under general anesthesia for the remainder of the operation. The dose of midazolam administered to the point of patient failure to respond to command was 7.6 +/- 0.72 mg SEM for Group I and 14.7 +/- 1.16 mg SEM for Group II, (P < 0.0001). These results support the conclusion that patients having a high spinal anesthetic are more sensitive to the sedative effects of midazolam.
Long‐Term Performance of Chemically and Physically Modified Activated Carbons in Air Cathodes of Microbial Fuel Cells (2014)

Abstract Activated carbon (AC) is a low‐cost and effective catalyst for oxygen reduction in air cathodes of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), but its performance must be maintained over time. AC was modified by three methods: 1) pyrolysis with iron ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (AC‐Fe), 2) heat treatment (AC‐heat), and 3) mixing with carbon black (AC‐CB). The maximum power densities after one month with these AC cathodes were 35 % higher with AC‐Fe (1410±50 mW m −2 ) and AC‐heat (1400±20 mW m −2 ), and 16 % higher with AC‐CB (1210±30 mW m −2 ) than for plain AC (1040±20 mW m −2 ), versus 1270±50 mW m −2 for a Pt control. After 16 months, the Pt cathodes produced only 250±10 mW m −2 . However, the AC‐heat and AC‐CB cathodes still produced 960–970 mW m −2 , whereas plain AC produced 860±60 mW m −2 . The performance of the AC cathodes was restored to >85 % of the initial maximum power densities by cleaning with a weak acid solution. Based on cost considerations among the AC materials, AC‐CB appears to be the best choice for long‐term performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge and Discharge Characteristics of Thermochargeable Galvanic Cells with an (Fe(CN)6)4‐/(Fe(CN)6)3‐ Redox Couple. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Markov Chains and Martingale Theory Based Convergence Proof of Ant Colony Algorithm and Its Simulation Platform (2006)

Ant colony algorithm is a novel category of bionic meta-heuristic algorithm, and parallel computation and positive feedback mechanism are adopted in this algorithm. In this paper, we present a new approach to the convergence proof of the ant colony algorithm. Here the theoretical proof for the convergence properties of the ant colony algorithm is conducted by using Markov chains and martingale theory. When the iteration time is infinite, the pheromone trail vector almost surely converge to the optimum solution. The event that at least one ant transverse an optimal path. Together with the solution set, is a positive bounded submartingale. Then, the definition of the first passage time for the ant colony algorithm is proposed, and the theoretical analysis for the expected value of the first passage time is also performed. Finally, a MATLAB GUI- based ant colony algorithm simulation platform is developed in this paper, and the interface of this simulation platform is very friendly, easy to use and modify.
Functional and Radiographic Outcomes of Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures Treated With Calcar Reduction, Compression, and Trochanteric Entry Nailing (2011)

Therapeutic Level IV. See page 128 for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Exhaled nitric oxide thresholds associated with a sputum eosinophil count >=3% in a cohort of unselected patients with asthma (2010)

FeNO is able to identify a sputum eosinophil count ≥3% with reasonable accuracy and thresholds which vary according to dose of ICS, smoking and atopy.
Matrix management of a functional organization during change-case history (2003)

This paper discusses management of a functional department where the matrix structure is introduced and a new company has consolidated activities of five separate companies. It relates department experiences over a four-year period and makes conclusions about department management efforts.
“@-Tides”:  The 1,2-Dihydro-3(6<i>H</i>)-pyridinone Unit as a β-Strand Mimic [<i>J. </i><i>Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2002</b>, <i>124</i>, 58−66]. (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/Correction"@-Tides": The 1,2-Dihydro-3(6H)-pyridinone Unit as a β-Strand Mimic [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002, 124, 58−66].Scott T. Phillips, Miroslav Rezac, Ulrich Abel, Michael Kossenjans, and Paul A. BartlettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 41, 12666Publication Date (Web):September 18, 2003Publication History Published online18 September 2003Published inissue 1 October 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja033457shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja033457scorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views260Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (16 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Honest ideals on strand spaces (2002)

In security protocol analysis, it is important to learn general principles that limit the abilities of an attacker and that can be applied repeatedly to a variety of protocols. The authors introduce the notion of an ideal-a set of messages closed under encryption and invariant under composition with arbitrary messages-to express such principles. In conjunction with the strand space formalism, they use the concept of ideals to prove bounds on a penetrator's capabilities, independent of the security protocol being analyzed. From this they prove a number of correctness properties of the Otway Rees protocol, using these results to explain the limitations of the protocol.
Operating mechanism of the organic metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (OMESFET) (2011)

\n Organic metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (OMESFETs) were fabricated with a polycrystalline organic semiconductor (pentacene) and characterized in order to systematically analyze their operation mechanism. Impedance measurements confirmed full depletion of the thick pentacene film (1 μm) due to the low doping concentration of unintentional doping (typically less than 1014 cm−3). The necessity of developing a specific device model for OMESFET is emphasized as the classical (inorganic) MESFET theory based on the depletion modulation is not applicable to a fully-depleted organic semiconductor. By means of joint electrical measurements and numerical simulation, it is pointed out that the gate voltage controls the bulk distribution of injected carriers, so that the competition between the gate and drain currents is critical for determining the operation mode. Finally, the geometrical effect is investigated with comparing a number of transistors with various channel widths and lengths.\n
MyoD and myogenin act on the chicken myosin light-chain 1 gene as distinct transcriptional factors. (1993)

Expression of MyoD, myogenin, MRF4, and Myf-5 converts nonmuscle cells to muscle cells. In an attempt to analyze the roles of these factors, we have investigated their effects on transcription driven by the promoter of the chicken myosin alkaline light-chain (MLC1) gene. The activation by CMD1 or c-myogenin (chicken MyoD or myogenin, respectively) was dependent on the existence of a muscle-specific regulatory region located from positions -2096 to -1743. Its distal half, containing a pair of E boxes (CANNTG), had been previously characterized as an enhancer responsive to CMD1 but not to c-myogenin. In this study, we report the identification of another enhancer in the muscle-specific regulatory region which is preferentially responsive to c-myogenin. Deletion and mutation analyses indicated that this enhancer requires a single E box and its flanking sequences. Furthermore, analysis of chimeric proteins of CMD1 and c-myogenin indicated that regions outside the basic helix-loop-helix domain of c-myogenin are involved in the specificity of the enhancer. These results show that CMD1 and c-myogenin act on the MLC1 gene by recognizing different upstream DNA sequences and that direct or indirect interactions between the regions outside the basic helix-loop-helix domain and flanking sequences of E boxes are involved in the target sequence specificity.
COMMENTARY SOCS: physiological suppressors of cytokine signaling (2000)

proteins appear to form part of a classical negative feedback loop. The analysis of mice lacking SOCS1 has revealed that it is critical in the negative regulation of IFN γ signaling and in the differentiation of T cells. Additionally, the analysis of mouse embryos lacking SOCS3 suggests that SOCS3 negatively regulates fetal liver erythropoiesis, probably through its ability to modulate erythropoietin (Epo) signaling. Thus, the use of gene targeting has confirmed that SOCS proteins regulate cytokine signaling in a physiological setting. SUMMARY
Comparison of Two Computational Programs for the Calculation of Lightning-Induced Voltages on Distribution Systems (2005)

Lightning-induced voltages are important sources of power quality problems: indeed, they can cause short interruptions and voltages sags on distribution systems. The analysis of these disturbances induced on distribution networks by lightning electromagnetic pulses (LEMP) radiated by nearby lightning, requires the availability of accurate models and relevant computer programs of LEMP-illuminated lines. These should be able to reproduce the real and complex configuration of distribution systems including the presence of shielding wires and their groundings, as well as that of surge arresters and distribution transformers. The paper is aimed at comparing two software tools for the calculation of lightning-induced voltages, namely the LIV-ATP and LIOV-EMTP programs.
Cost, time and risk assessment of different wave energy converter technology development trajectories (2017)

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