gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dengue: an escalating problem (2002)

The short-term impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on cardiac surgery hospitalizations has been previously reported in cohorts of various sizes, but results have been variable. Using the 2005–2014 National Inpatient Sample, we identified all adult hospitalizations for cardiac surgery using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification as any procedure code and AF as any diagnosis code. We estimated the impact of AF on inpatient mortality, length of stay (LOS), and cost of hospitalization using survey-weighted, multivariable logistic, accelerated failure-time log-normal, and log-transformed linear regressions, respectively. Additionally, we exact-matched AF to non-AF hospitalizations on various confounders for the same outcomes. A total of 1,269,414 hospitalizations were noted for cardiac surgery during the study period. Coexistent AF was found in 44.9% of these hospitalizations. Overall mean age was 65.6 years, 40.9% were female, mean LOS was 11.6 days, and inpatient mortality was 4.5%. Stroke rate was lower in AF hospitalizations (1.8% vs 2.1%, p<0.001). Mortality was lower in the AF (3.9%) versus the non-AF (5%) group (exact-matched OR or emOR=0.48, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.80, p<0.001; 987 matched pairs, n=2423), with similar results after procedural stratification: isolated valve replacement/repair (emOR=0.38, p<0.001), isolated coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) (emOR=0.33, p<0.001), and CABG with valve replacement/repair (emOR=0.55, p<0.001). A 12% increase was seen in LOS in the AF subgroup (exact-matched time ratio=1.12, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.14, p<0.001) among hospitalizations which underwent valve replacement/repair with or without CABG. Hospitalizations for cardiac surgery which had coexistent AF were found to have lower inpatient mortality risk and stroke prevalence but higher LOS and hospitalization costs compared with hospitalizations without AF.
Altered patterns of dynorphin immunoreactivity suggest mossy fiber reorganization in human hippocampal epilepsy (1990)

Dynorphin A(1-17), an opioid peptide that is normally present in the hippocampal mossy fiber system, was localized immunocytochemically in the hippocampal formation of control autopsy and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) specimens. In control tissue, dynorphin-like immunoreactive (Dyn-IR) structures were confined to the mossy fiber path and were most highly concentrated in the polymorph (hilar) region of the dentate gyrus. Very few Dyn-IR structures were present in the molecular and granule cell layers of the dentate gyrus. In contrast, in all TLE specimens, Dyn-IR elements were present in these layers. The extent of aberrant staining varied among the TLE specimens, and 2 major patterns were observed. The first was a relatively wide band of reaction product in the inner one-third to one-fourth of the molecular layer (8 cases), and the second was a more limited distribution of immunoreactive fibers and presumptive terminals in the granule cell and immediately adjacent supragranular regions (2 cases). The extent of aberrant Dyn-IR structures appeared to be related to the amount of cell loss in the polymorph and CA3 fields and to dispersion of the granule cell somata. Specimens processed with the Timm's sulfide silver method for heavy metals provided independent evidence for the distribution of mossy fibers. In both control and TLE specimens, the patterns of labeling were virtually identical to those of dynorphin localization. These findings suggest that sprouting of mossy fibers or their axon collaterals has occurred in hippocampal epilepsy and that the reorganized fibers contain at least one of the neuropeptides that are normally present in this system. Such fibers could form recurrent excitatory circuits and contribute to synchronous firing and epileptiform activity, as suggested in studies of experimental models of epilepsy.
Master class: final year studios from our four schools of architecture: concrete tectonics/University of Technology Sydney (2011)

The Concrete Tectonics studio taught by Kirsten Orr in the UTS Master of Architecture is allowing students to experiment with innovative architectural approaches to precast concrete. Concrete is one of the most ubiquitous materials in contemporary building practice yet the way it is currently produced and deployed in the built environment poses serious environmental, technological and formal problems. Students are investigating new ways of casting concrete that minimise the environmental impacts of formwork (both the material and its fabrication) and that maximise the possibilities for producing mass-customised, tectonic concrete elements. Emphasis is placed on hands-on experimentation in the workshop, with students testing a variety of casting techniques including fabric membranes, hot-wire cut Expanded Polystyrene foam blocks, and laser cut Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) sheets. This hands-on experimentation with concrete is undertaken in parallel with a generative process of parametric design in the computer lab that seeks to control the manipulation of form and surface and to discover the boundaries of architectural possibility. The studio is being taught as an international collaboration between UTS and Aarhus School of Architecture (AAA) in Denmark and is the first of its type at UTS, running over a full academic year and involving the exchange of students and staff from both institutions. In addition to developing new ways for students to engage with architectural design and construction, the studio intends to encourage development in the construction industry, which lags behind other sectors in its adoption and integration of innovative materials, systems and processes. Architects have the influence to change construction practice, to seek competitive funding and to engage in commercialisation with industry partners and this studio sees itself as having an important role to play.<br> </br>Mette Fast devised an ingenious system of vertical re-usable formwork closely related to conventional jump-formwork, but capable of producing different facetted wall panels with each jump of the re-configurable form. The system combines a pattern of rigid triangular panels with a flexible rubber membrane. Deformation of the semi-flexible formwork surface is controlled by adjusting the tension of screws. A Grasshopper script allows the geometry of each facetted panel to be optimised and the aesthetic effect of the overall composition of panels to be predicted and evaluated.
A hybrid SAM phospholipid approach to fabricating a ‘free’ supported lipid bilayer (2002)

Using a combination of self assembly, Langmuir–Blodgett and Langmuir–Schaeffer techniques, we have produced a multilayered film of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) intended for use as a biomembrane mimic. Neutron reflectivity measurements have revealed that the upper two layers of phospholipid are separated from the silicon substrate and the lower layers by a hydration region approximately 30 Å thick. This layer limits the tethering effect of the substrate such that the phospholipid molecules within the upper bilayer have significant freedom. This freedom is evidenced by the fact that the upper bilayer shows a transition to the Pβ′ ‘ripple’ phase. This phase could not be observed if the phospholipid molecules were significantly constrained by the substrate.
A 1:1 cocrystal of pyridine and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (2006)

The title cocrystal, C5H5N·C7H6O3, consists of pyridine and 4-hydroxy­benzoic acid mol­ecules which are linked by O—H⋯N and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to zigzag chains along the b axis.
Uptake of Antigens from the Intestine by Dendritic Cells (2004)

The intestinal immune system responds to ingested antigens in a variety of ways, ranging from tolerance to full immunity. How T cells are instructed to make these differential responses is still unclear. Dendritic cells (DCs) sample enteric antigens in the lamina propria and Peyer's patches, and transport them within the patch or to mesenteric nodes where they are presented to lymphocytes. It is probable that DCs also transmit information that influences the outcome of T cell activation, but the nature of this information and the factors in the intestine that regulate DC behavior and properties are far from clear. We have developed a model in the rat that permits analysis of DCs actually in the process of migration from the intestine to mesenteric nodes. In this paper we will review those aspects of our research that relate to antigen uptake and discuss these in the context of other experimental systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Co(OH)(NO3)×H2O, a Novel Double‐Chain Compound with Competing Interactions (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Delay-Line Anode For Microchannel-Plate Spectrometer (1989)

Photon-counting read-out system for microchannel-plate spectrometer includes delay line and timing circuit to measure wavelength coordinate and wedge/wedge charge-division system to measure orthogonal spatial coordinate. System proves advantageous for portable two-dimensional spectrometers having large image planes and for which design requirements include simplicity, reliability, low power consumption, and low mass.
The Metabolism of Dopamine by Both Forms of Monoamine Oxidase in the Rat Brain and Its Inhibition by Cimoxatone (1983)

In the rat brain, dopamine is metabolised by both A and B forms of monoamine oxidase (MAO), although the A form of the enzyme is the major component. The Km of MAO-A toward dopamine (120 microM) is lower than the Km of MAO-B toward this substrate (340 microM). The activity of MAO-A was lower in old rats than in young rats, and the same degree of decrease was found for 5-hydroxytryptamine as for dopamine as substrates for this enzyme form. The activity of MAO-B was higher in the old rats, the degree of increase being the same for dopamine as for beta-phenethylamine as substrates for this enzyme form. The Ki values of the inhibition of MAO-A by cimoxatone and MD770222 (the principal plasma metabolite of cimoxatone) were independent of the substrate used to assay for activity, but were lower than the Ki values for the inhibition of MAO-B by these compounds.
Space Shuttle redesigned solid rocket motor field joint verification (1991)

The internal insulation in the Space Shuttle redesigned solid rocket motor field joint was designed to provide thermal protection to the steel case and O-ring seals. An unvented design concept was chosen to prevent hot chamber gases from reaching the inner joint. The joint design was verified through flow/thermal analyses and tests. Postulated flaws and subsequent leak paths through the joint bondline and O-ring seals were analyzed to verify that the joint would perform adequately under these undesired conditions. Tests of static motors with flawed joints paralleled the analysis effort, verifying design insensitivity to manufacturing flaws and subsequent leak paths. Results of tests and analyses showed that the design met all performance and safety requirements.
CRANIAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SYMPTOMATIC INDIRECT TRAUMA TO THE CAROTID ARTERY (1981)

BNF, Department of Neurological Surgery, UCD Professional Building, Room 254, 4301 X Street, Sacramento, California 95817.
Novel applications for a noninvasive sampling method of the nasal mucosa (2016)

Reliable methods for sampling the nasal mucosa provide clinical researchers with key information regarding respiratory biomarkers of exposure and disease. For quick and noninvasive sampling of the nasal mucosa, nasal lavage (NL) collection has been widely used as a clinical tool; however, limitations including volume variability, sample dilution, and storage prevent NL collection from being used in nonlaboratory settings and analysis of low abundance biomarkers. In this study, we optimize and validate a novel methodology using absorbent Leukosorb paper cut to fit the nasal passage to extract epithelial lining fluid (ELF) from the nasal mucosa. The ELF sampling method limits the dilution of soluble mediators, allowing quantification of both high- and low-abundance soluble biomarkers such as IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), and neutrophil elastase. Additionally, we demonstrate that this method can successfully detect the presence of respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus and markers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the nasal mucosa. Efficacy of ELF collection by this method is not diminished in consecutive-day sampling, and percent recovery of both recombinant IL-8 and soluble mediators are not changed despite freezing or room temperature storage for 24 h. Our results indicate that ELF collection using Leukosorb paper sampling of ELF provides a sensitive, easy-to-use, and reproducible methodology to collect concentrated amounts of soluble biomarkers from the nasal mucosa. Moreover, the methodology described herein improves upon the standard NL collection method and provides researchers with a novel tool to assess changes in nasal mucosal host defense status.
Altered Expression of Circulating Cdc42 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (2018)

The term frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) defines a group of heterogeneous conditions histologically characterized by neuronal degeneration, inclusions of various proteins, and synaptic loss. However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to these alterations are still unknown. As the Rho-GTPase family member Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) plays a key role in the regulation of actin cytoskeleton dynamics and spine formation, we investigated whether Cdc42 protein levels were altered in the disease. Cdc42 was increased in the frontal cortex of FTLD patients compared to age-matched controls, but also in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients included in the data-set. On the other hand, the pool of circulating Cdc42 in the plasma was altered in FTLD but not in AD patients. Interestingly, the stratification of the FTLD patients according to the different clinical variants showed a specific decrease of Cdc42 expression in the behavioral subgroup. This data support a role of Cdc42 in FTLD and specifically in the behavioral variant.
Policy Entrepreneurs and the Design of Public Policy: The Case of the National Health Insurance Law in Israel (2012)

How do policy entrepreneurs implement in practice the things theory suggests they should do? This article suggests various insightsinto the influence of policy entrepreneurs on the formulation of public policy. Using a broad definition of the concept of policyentrepreneur, the article identifies the main characteristics of entrepreneurial activities, describes various strategies that the policyentrepreneur may employ, and develops a model of successful and effective policy entrepreneurship. Using an analysis of the designof the Israel National Health Law of 1994 as a case study, the article emphasizes the importance of policy entrepreneurs in thepublic policy arena and provides several insights into the conditions for their activity, their motivations and main strategies.
Pupillographic Assessment of Sleepiness in Sleep-deprived Healthy Subjects (1998)

Spontaneous pupillary-behavior in darkness provides information about a subject's level of sleepiness. In the present work, pupil measurements in complete darkness and quiet have been recorded continuously over 11-minute period with infrared video pupillography at 25 Hz. The data have been analyzed to yield three parameters describing pupil behavior; the power of diameter variation at frequencies below 0.8 Hz (slow changes in pupil size), the pupillary unrest index, and the average pupil size. To investigate the changes of these parameters in sleep deprivation, spontaneous pupillary behavior in darkness was recorded every 2 hours in 13 healthy subjects from 19:00 to 07:00 during forced wakefulness. On each occasion, comparative subjective sleepiness was assessed with a self-rating scale (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS). The power of slow pupillary oscillations (< or = 0.8 Hz) increased significantly and so did the values of SSS, while basic pupil diameter decreased significantly. Slow pupillary oscillations and SSS did not correlate well in general but high values of pupil parameters were always associated with high values in subjective rating. Our results demonstrate a strong relationship between ongoing sleep deprivation and typical changes in the frequency profiles of spontaneous pupillary oscillations and the tendency to instability in pupil size in normals. These findings suggest that the results of pupil data analysis permit an objective measurement of sleepiness.
A computer-based AIDS education program for nursing students. (1992)

A multidisciplinary team has developed a computer-based software program for educating nursing students and other college students about six sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The program for educating about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the first of the six "Smartbooks" to be completed, using the Hypercard Expert System shell on the Macintosh computer. Information is organized within a framework known as a concept map, and the student user progresses through the program in a self-directed way by "clicking" on the portion of the concept map that is of interest. Thus, the knowledge base can be accessed in many different ways, and is not restricted to a linear format. Comparative quantitative analysis using a control program shows consistently better student retention of information presented within the program that features concept maps. Qualitative results indicate that students find the conceptually-arranged knowledge base implicitly easy to understand, "fun" to use, and interesting to explore. Educational theory suggests that the success of such a format may be related to the schematic nature of memory.
Metabolism of cis-.DELTA.4-15(S)-15-methylprostaglandin F1.alpha. methyl ester in the rat (1978)

The metabolic transformation and excretion of tritium-labeled cis-delta4-15(S)-15-methylprostaglandin F1alpha methyl ester (1) have been investigated in rats after chronic and single dose oral administration. Three metabolites have been identified from a partially purified urinary extract. They were the cis-delta4-15-methylprostaglandin F1alpha (2), 15-methyl-2,3-dinorprostaglandin F1alpha (3), and 15-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetranorprostaglandin F1alpha (4). The excretion of the drug-related species was significantly slower than that of the natural prostaglandin F2alpha. The slow excretion rate and the presence of unchanged cis-delta4-15-methylprostaglandin F1alpha in urine suggested that the metabolically protected prostaglandin could persist in the body and, therefore, exhibit longer duration of action.
Highly efficient beam steering with a transparent metasurface (2013)

We propose an ultra-thin planar metasurface with phase discontinuities for highly efficient beam steering. The effect benefits from the broadband transparency and flexible phase modulation of stacked metal/dielectric multi-layers that is perforated with coaxial annular apertures. Proof-of-principle experiments verify that an efficiency of 65% and a deflection angle of 18° at 10 GHz are achieved for the transmitted beam, which are also in good agreement with the finite-difference-method-in-time-domain (FDTD) simulations. The scheme shall be general for the design of beam-steering transmitters in all frequencies.
Lenses in Glaucoma (2018)

Lenses and mirrors have always been an integral part of an ophthalmologist’s armamentarium. Since time immemorial curious minds have been trying to peep inside the eye using various techniques, be it indentation of the limbus and using direct ophthalmoscope as done by Trantas 1 or using contact lenses meant for correction of keratoconus, as done by Salzmann 2 for viewing the anterior chamber angle. With the invention of slit lamp, microscopes and various lenses / mirrors which are much easier to handle, visualization of ocular structures have become quite easy. In glaucoma, these lenses/mirrors have come in handy for the diagnosis as well as the treatment of various conditions such as diagnosis of angle closure, performing peripheral iridotomy, laser trabeculoplasty and laser suterolysis, to name a few.
Turnover Modeling of Non-Esterified Fatty Acids in Rats after Multiple Intravenous Infusions of Nicotinic Acid (2009)

The objective of this investigation was to use a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) approach to describe and evaluate a PK model of nicotinic acid (NiAc) in guinea pigs and a PD feedback model of changes in non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations in rats following multiple intravenous infusions of NiAc at different rates and durations of inhouse and literature (NEFA after extravascular NiAc dosing) data. Serial arterial blood samples were taken for evaluation of NiAc exposure in guinea pigs and NEFA in rats. The biophase kinetics of NiAc was assumed to impact on NEFA turnover with feedback incorporated via an inhibitory moderator compartment. The response acted linearly on the production of moderator, which then acted inversely on the turnover rate of response. The potency, expressed as the amount of NiAc in the biophase causing a 50 % inhibitory effect (ID(50)), was 6.5 nmol +/- 31 % and the half-life of response (t(1/2, kout)) 2 min +/- 18 %. The half-life of tolerance (t(1/2, ktol)) was 9 min +/- 27 %. The model can be used to provide information about factors that determine the time course of NEFA response following different rates and routes of administration of NiAc or NiAc analogues.
Model patterns for model transformations in model driven development (2006)

Model driven development is a popular approach to master the complexity of computer based systems, but it is still missing well-established technologies for model transformations. A lot of research has been done to address this subject, most of it tends towards highly expressive and highly specialized transformation languages. This paper takes a contra point to this trend, proposing the transformation implementation language Mopa (model pattern), which is less expressive but provides more flexibility. Mopa is independent of the chosen modelling techniques, it allows the realization of different transformation approaches, and it is integrated into the Java programming language, hence easy to integrate into existing environments. Mopa is described with formal syntax and semantics, and this paper shows how to use Mopa to implement different existing transformation approaches
Autonomic Regulation of Voltage‐Gated Cardiac Ion Channels (2006)

Altering voltage-gated ion channel currents, by changing channel number or voltage-dependent kinetics, regulates the propagation of action potentials along the plasma membrane of individual cells and from one cell to its neighbors. Functional increases in the number of cardiac sodium channels (Na(V)1.5) at the myocardial sarcolemma are accomplished by the regulation of caveolae by beta adrenergically stimulated G-proteins. We demonstrate that Na(V)1.5, Ca(V)1.2a, and K(V)1.5 channels specifically localize to isolated caveolar membranes, and to punctate regions of the sarcolemma labeled with caveolin-3. In addition, we show that Na(V)1.5, Ca(V)1.2a, and K(V)1.5 channel antibodies label the same subpopulation of isolated caveolae. Plasma membrane sheet assays demonstrate that Na(V)1.5, Ca(V)1.2a, and K(V)1.5 cluster with caveolin-3. This may have interesting implications for the way in which adrenergic pathways alter the cardiac action potential morphology and the velocity of the excitatory wave.