gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synecology in soft sediment bivalves: the influence of parasites, physiological processes, and environmental stressors on health and disease (2013)

Ecosystem goods and services provided by estuarine and near coastal regions are being increasingly recognised for their immense value, as is the biodiversity in these areas and these near coastal communities have been identified as sentinels of climate change also. Population structure and reproductive biology of two bivalve molluscs, Cerastoderma edule and, Mytilus edulis were assessed at two study sites over a 16-month study period. Following an anomalously harsh winter, advancement of spawning time was observed in both species. Throughout Ireland and Europe the cockle has experienced mass surfacings in geographically distinct regions, and a concurrent study of cockles was undertaken to explore this phenomenon. Surfaced and buried cockles were collected on a monthly basis and their health compared. Age was highlighted as a source of variation between dying and healthy animals with a parasite threshold being reached possibly around age three. Local factors dominated when looking at the cause of surfacing at each site. The health of mussels was explored too on a temporal and seasonal basis in an attempt to assess what constitutes a healthy organism. In essence external drivers can tip the balance between “acceptable” levels of infection where the mussel can still function physiologically and “unacceptable” where prevalence and intensity of infection can result in physiological impairment at the individual and population level. Synecological studies of intertidal ecosystems are lacking, so all bivalves encountered during the sampling were assessed in terms of population structure, reproduction, and health. It became clear, that some parasites might specialize on one host species while others are not so specific in host choice. Furthermore the population genetics of the cockle, its parasite Meiogymnophallus minutus, and its hyperparasite Unikaryon legeri were examined too. A small nucleotide polymorphism was detected upon comparison of Ireland and Morocco.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Aryl Nitrile Compounds (2017)

Abstract Aryl nitriles are widely found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, and herbicides. Moreover, because the cyano group can be easily converted into various functional groups, aryl nitriles are important intermediates in synthetic organic chemistry. Consequently, the development of new methodologies for the synthesis of aryl nitriles is of significant interest. The traditional methods for their synthesis include Sandmeyer reactions, Rosenmund–von Braun reactions, as well as dehydration reactions of aldoximes and amides. In recent years, numerous efforts have been devoted to transition metal‐catalyzed cyanation reactions of aryl (pseudo)halides, organometallic reagents and aryl C–H bonds. A number of cyanating reagents have been explored for such transformations, including metal cyanides and organic cyano group sources. In addition, styrenes and aryl‐substituted alkynes are successfully converted into aryl nitriles through carbon‐carbon double or triple bond cleavage. Various benzylic compounds have also been used for the synthesis of aryl nitriles, such as benzylic halides, alcohols, amines and azides. Furthermore, the direct conversion of the methyl group of toluene derivatives into a cyano group has also drawn attention. In this critical review, we summarize the recent developments and useful applications in this field and reaction mechanisms are also briefly discussed. magnified image
Trick or treat (1995)

The most remarkabie thing about editing a newspaper under the new the dispensation is its normality, says the editor of The Star, the country's leading white-owned daily...
Sir Robert Watson-Watt, KT., C.B., LL.D., D.Sc., F.R.S. (1974)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Multirate Obstacle Tracking and Path Planning for Intelligent Vehicles (2007)

This paper introduces a new approach for tracking and path planning for intelligent vehicles. The tracking application takes into account the trajectories followed by the obstacles, making a prediction of their future positions and corresponding uncertainties. This idea introduces a stochastic model for obstacle and vehicle kinematics. A multi-rate Kalman filter is considered in the tracking process in order to manage the uncertainty. Potential Field approach for path planning is redefined according to the new stochastic models. In particular, the repulsive potential field is modified to consider these models projected into a prediction horizon. The use of future information minimizes the risk of collisions and generates smoother trajectories.
Signature Analysis for Mechanical Systems via Dynamic Data System (DDS) Monitoring Technique (1980)

A new modeling technique called Dynamic Data System (DDS) is introduced for signature analysis. A one-horsepower electric motor experiment is used to demonstrate the methodology. The ‘normal’ operation is simulated by idling runs and eccentric loads representing the ‘defective’ operations. A DDS Monitoring Technique, by employing statistical quality control theory, is developed to monitor the operations of imposed electric motor defects. It takes thirteen seconds for data processing and calculation of a control variable value from an On-line programmed microprocessor to provide the control justification. The DDS Monitoring Technique proves to be effective and sensitive in identifying the operational status of a mechanical system.
Heterogeneous response for a mammalian hepadnavirus infection to acyclovir: drug-arrested intermediates of minus-strand viral DNA synthesis are enveloped and secreted from infected cells as virion-like particles. (1997)

Three woodchucks infected persistently with the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) were treated with acyclovir (ACV) to investigate the effect of inhibiting viral DNA synthesis upon the replication of an orthohepadnavirus in vivo. Normal viraemia was reduced during the treatment period in all three animals, but each responded with a distinct serum phenotype. In the most provocative case, the profile of the WHV DNAs in both the liver and serum provided a simple and novel description of the orthohepadnaviral infection for this ACV protocol. The pre-drug viraemia was rapidly cleared from the serum and replaced by virion-like particles containing predominantly minus-strand WHV DNAs. These serum DNA species had the character of replicative intermediates arrested in their elongation by ACV-mediated chain termination and were contained in particles with a buoyant density in CsCl essentially identical with virions. However, in infected hepatocytes, initiation of reverse transcription within newly formed core particles was not inhibited by the ACV treatment. Instead, an heterogeneous array of minus-strand DNAs were synthesised, each presumed to be truncated by the incorporation of one molecule of ACV monophosphate. An approximately normal level of core particles was present in the liver of this woodchuck after 26 days of the ACV protocol; excess drug-arrested nucleocapsids were steadily removed throughout the dosing period upon their envelopment and secretion as virion-like particles into the circulation. These data suggest that plus-strand DNA synthesis may not be absolutely required prior to secretion of virus from the infected cell.
Optimal control-1950 to 1985 (1996)

Optimal control had its origins in the calculus of variations in the 17th century. The calculus of variations was developed further in the 18th century by Euler and Lagrange and in the 19th century by Legendre, Jacobi, Hamilton, and Weierstrass. In the early 20th century, Bolza and Bliss put the final touches of rigor on the subject. In 1957, Bellman gave a new view of Hamilton-Jacobi theory which he called dynamic programming, essentially a nonlinear feedback control scheme. McShane (1939) and Pontryagin (1962) extended the calculus of variations to handle control variable inequality constraints, the latter enunciating his elegant maximum principle. The truly enabling element for use of optimal control theory was the digital computer, which became available commercially in the 1950s. In the 1980s research began, and continues today, on making optimal feedback logic more robust to variations in the plant and disturbance models; one element of this research is worst-case and H-infinity control, which developed out of differential game theory.
Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from drinking water by serogrouping, phage sensitivity and pyocin pattern. (1985)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated in the years 1977-1981 from drinking water samples fell into a large number of epidemiological units determined on the basis of serogroups, phage sensitivity and pyocin pattern. Strains isolated from water were, as a rule, sensitive to more phages than strains cultured from clinical material. The 427 water isolates fell into 8 serogroups and 31 pyocin patterns; 25.1% were untypable by the pyocin method. The frequency of isolation of different phage patterns varied annually. The most frequent epidemiological unit, comprising 9.1% of the isolates, was (serogroup: phage pattern: pyocin pattern) O1: 2/7/16/21/44/68/73/F7/F8/109/119x/352/1214/M4/C11/C18/C21:12 3567; 73.8% of the strains belonged to epidemiological units each represented by less than 4 strains. The large number of epidemiological units indicated that the distribution system had frequently been polluted with P. aeruginosa at different sites, but the organism was unable to invade the whole water supply system.
.NET Test Automation Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach (2006)

If you develop, test, or manage .NET software, you will find .NET Test Automation Recipes: A Problem-Solution Approach very useful. The book presents practical techniques for writing lightweight software test automation in a .NET environment and covers API testing thoroughly. It also discusses lightweight, custom Windows applicationuser interfaceautomation and teaches you low-level web applicationuser interfaceautomation. Additional material covers SQL stored procedure testing techniques. The examples in this book have been successfully used in seminars and teaching environments where they have proven highly effective forstudents who are learning intermediate-level .NET programming. Youll come away from the book knowing how to write production-quality combination and permutation methods. Table of ContentsAPI Testing Reflection-Based UI Testing Windows-Based UI Testing Test Harness Design Patterns Request-Response Testing Script-Based Web UI Testing Low-Level Web UI Testing Web Services Testing SQL Stored Procedure Testing Combinations and Permutations ADO.NET Testing XML Testing
Effective Adaptive Kalman Filter for MEMS-IMU/Magnetometers Integrated Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (2012)

To improve the computational efficiency and dynamic performance of low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)/magnetometer integrated Attitude and Heading Reference Systems (AHRS), this paper has proposed an effective Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) with linear models; the filter gain is adaptively tuned according to the dynamic scale sensed by accelerometers. This proposed approach does not need to model the system angular motions, avoids the non-linear problem which is inherent in the existing methods, and considers the impact of the dynamic acceleration on the filter. The experimental results with real data have demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can maintain an accurate estimation of orientation, even under various dynamic operating conditions.
Zn/CeCl3.7H2O-TBPB: A New and ‘Green’ Promoter System for Rapid and Regioselective Thiolyzation of 1,2-Epoxides with Aryl Disulfides (2004)

Abstract A new, efficient, clean, and regioselective ‘one-pot’ procedure for thiolyzation of epoxides with aryl disulfides catalyzed by cerium(III) chloride heptahydrate immobilized on tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide as an ionic liquid is reported.
Broadband transition between substrate integrated waveguide and rectangular waveguide based on ridged steps (2014)

A broadband transition between substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and rectangular waveguide (RWG) is proposed. Five ridged steps in the RWG and a multi-section SIW are designed to expand the bandwidth. The measured results agree well with the simulations, a return loss better than 15 dB and an insertion loss less than 2.45 dB are obtained at the wide band from 23.83 GHz to 40 GHz for a back-to-back structure.
A Review of Process Aspects and Modeling of Ebullated Bed Reactors for Hydrocracking of Heavy Oils (2010)

The main characteristics of ebullated bed reactors have been reviewed in this work. Key factors of the application of these reactors to hydrocracking of heavy petroleum fractions, such as sediments formation, catalyst attrition and catalyst deactivation, have been clearly discussed. Mathematical representation of ebullated bed systems has been organized into hydrodynamics, scaling down and reactor modeling. Only a few reports dealing with the topic of this review were found in the literature, which employ different levels of sophistication to establish the model equations. These literature reports were summarized and properly discussed, from which it has been recognized that modeling of ebullated bed reactors is a complex task and deserves more attention.
Development of a clinical prototype of a miniature hand-held optical coherence tomography probe for prematurity and pediatric ophthalmic imaging (2019)

We report a novel design and operation of a highly integrated miniature handheld OCT probe, with high-speed angiography function that can be used in clinical settings for young children and infants, providing rapid, non-invasive structural and angiographic imaging of the retina and choroid. The imaging system is operated at 200 kHz, with 3D OCT and OCTA scan time of 0.8 and 3.2 seconds, respectively, and the scanning angle on the pupil is ± 36°, covering the full perifoveal region. Operator assisting features of the direct-view iris camera and on-probe display are integrated into the hand-held probe, and the fixation target can display animations to attract the attention of young subjects. Compared to conventional OCT systems, the high-speed hand-held OCT system significantly improves the operator's experience and scanning efficiency, which is important for imaging infants. Imaging results indicate a significant reduction in total time consumption in pediatric ophthalmic imaging sessions, as well as the image quality of OCT angiography.
Modeling Irrigation Requirements for Landscape Ornamentals (2005)

In many sectors of agriculture, precision irrigation, applying only what water is needed for a given small area, has become a familiar term. Irrigation in most woody ornamental nurseries, though, has changed little since the 1960s. In many areas of the U.S., irrigation volumes required for nursery production have come under scrutiny due to projected, or real, competition for water with urban populations, or concerns over nursery runoff. Modeling of woody ornamental water use, and subsequent irrigation requirements, has been limited and focused mostly on trees. Previous research for modeling of non-tree water use is reviewed as an introduction to current efforts to develop models for precision irrigation of woody ornamentals. Pitfalls and limitations in current modeling efforts, along with suggestions for standardizing future research is emphasized. The latest model derived from recent research is presented.
A graphics architecture for ray tracing and photon mapping (2005)

Recently, methods were developed to render various global illumination e&#64256;ects with rasterization GPUs. Among those were hardware based ray tracing and photon mapping. However, due to current GPU??s inherent architectural limitations, the e&#64259;ciency and throughput of these methods remained low. In this thesis, we propose a coherent rendering system that addresses these issues. First, we introduce new photon mapping and ray racing acceleration algorithms that facilitate data coherence and spatial locality, as well as eliminating unnecessary random memory accesses. A high level abstraction of the combined ray tracing and photon mapping streaming pipeline is introduced. Based on this abstraction, an e&#64259;cient ray tracing and photon mapping GPU is designed. Using an event driven simulator, developed for this GPU, we verify and validate the proposed algorithms and architecture. Simulation results have validated better interactive performances compared to the current GPUs.
Systematic review of pancreatic surgery for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2009)

The actuarial 5-year overall survival rate following pancreatic surgery for RCC metastases was 72.6 per cent, as determined by pooled analysis from published series. Extrapancreatic disease was an independent risk factor for recurrence, but had no significant impact on overall survival.
The future of employee benefit-related public policy. (1989)

The past decade has seen frantic legislative activity in the employee benefits area, Ms. Rappaport observes. Several long term issues will continue to affect benefits, she predicts.
A Double Blind Controlled Trial of N‐(3′, 4′‐Dimethoxycinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid on Children with Bronchial Asthma (1979)

A double blind controlled trial of N-(3',4'-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid (N-5') was carried out for treating children with bronchial asthma to determine its efficacy and safety. The results showed that the drug was significantly more effective in the N10 and N5 groups than in the N0 group. Adverse reactions appeared only in one patient in the N10 group who complained of slight anorexia while another patient in the N0 group reported moderate diarrhoea. Moreover there was no indication of abnormality in further laboratory investigations. It can be therefore concluded that this drug is useful for the treatment of children with bronchial asthma.
The influence of cultivar and cultivar‐aphid odours on the olfactory response of the parasitoid <i>Aphidius colemani</i> (2004)

Abstract: The olfactory response of the parasitoid Aphidius colemani (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to odours in a tritrophic system involving three cultivars of common cabbage, Brassica oleracea var capitata , characterized by different levels of susceptibility to Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was studied in a four‐way olfactometer. Odours influenced A. colemani response in the olfactometer to varying degrees. The magnitude of parasitoid response to odours of uninfested cabbage depended on cultivar, with Derby Day [green‐leaved, susceptible to M. persicae and the crucifer specialist, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)] and Minicole (green‐leaved, partially resistant with known antibiosis factors for B. brassicae ) preferred over Ruby Ball (red‐leaved with antixenosis factors for M. persicae and B. brassicae ). The odour of the cabbage cultivar on which the parasitoid had been reared was preferred over the other cultivars. However, when provided with a choice between odours of infested plants, parasitoids did not show a significant preference for the cultivar on which they were reared. Results from the study show that parasitioids differentiated between odour of the three cultivars in dependence of their rearing history when the plant is uninfested.
Sparse Representation-Based Radiomics for the Diagnosis of Brain Tumors (2017)

Brain tumors are the most common malignant neurologic tumors with the highest mortality and disability rate. Because of the delicate structure of the brain, the clinical use of several commonly used biopsy diagnosis is limited for brain tumors. Radiomics is an emerging technique for noninvasive diagnosis based on quantitative medical image analyses. However, current radiomics techniques are not standardized regarding feature extraction, feature selection, and decision making. In this paper, we propose a sparse representation-based radiomics (SRR) system for the diagnosis of brain tumors. First, we developed a dictionary learning- and sparse representation-based feature extraction method that exploits the statistical characteristics of the lesion area, leading to fine and more effective feature extraction compared with the traditional explicitly calculation-based methods. Then, we set up an iterative sparse representation method to solve the redundancy problem of the extracted features. Finally, we proposed a novel multi-feature collaborative sparse representation classification framework that introduces a new coefficient of regularization term to combine features from multi-modal images at the sparse representation coefficient level. Two clinical problems were used to validate the performance and usefulness of the proposed SRR system. One was the differential diagnosis between primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and glioblastoma (GBM), and the other was isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 estimation for gliomas. The SRR system had superior PCNSL and GBM differentiation performance compared with some advanced imaging techniques and yielded 11% better performance for estimating IDH1 compared with the traditional radiomics methods.
Deconvoluting Isotopic Distributions to Evaluate Parent/Fragment Ion Relationships (1997)

Traditionally, the broad isotopic distributions typical of most large molecules are seen as an impediment to the use of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the sequencing of large biomolecules because they complicate fragment-ion spectra making them difficult to interpret. Clearly, if very large molecules are to be analyzed by MS/MS there is a need for methods of analysis that take into account the isotopic distributions of fragment ions. The present paper shows how to rigorously deconvolute the isotopic distribution of a leaving group whose chemical formula is postulated from a parent ion, whose isotopic distribution may be available from an experimental mass spectrum, giving, in the process, the isotopic distribution of a fragment ion. It is not necessary to know the chemical formula of either the parent ion or the fragment ion. This calculation is potentially useful because the deconvoluted spectrum can then be compared with the experimentally acquired fragment-ion mass spectrum in order to aid in the assignment of the spectrum. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Novel Quinazolin-4(3<i>H</i>)-one Derivatives (2015)

Maher A. El-Hashasha, Manal M. Elshahawia*, Eman A. Ragabb & Sanaa Nagdyaa Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egyptb Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Web-based information access (1999)

The need for friendly environments for effective information access is further enforced by the growth of the global Internet, which is causing a dramatic change in both the kind of people who access the information and the types of information itself (ranging from unstructured multimedia data to traditional record-oriented data). To cope with these new demands, the interaction techniques traditionally offered to the users have to evolve and eventually integrate in a powerful interface to the global information infrastructure. The new interaction mechanisms must be especially friendly and easy-to-use, since, given the enormous quantity of information sources available on the Internet, most of the users remain "permanent novices" with respect to each one of the sources they have access to. The article offers a survey of the main approaches adopted for letting the users effectively interact with the Web. Thus, it covers topics related with both extracting the information of interest spread over existing Web sites and building new, more usable sites. Being mainly "user-centered", the article analyzes proposals coming from different areas, namely DB, AI, and HCI, which share the final goal of making the Web a huge, easy-to-access information repository.