gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methane conversion efficiency as a simple control parameter for an anaerobic digester at high loading rates (2010)

The anaerobic digestion process is globally applied to the treatment of highly concentrated wastes such as industrial and rural effluents, and sewage sludge. However, it is known to be relatively unstable. When loaded with high concentrations of organic material, unwanted volatile fatty acids (VFA) are often produced rather than methane (CH(4)) gas which can lead to digester acidification and failure. This study investigated digester behaviour under high loading rates, testing the usefulness of stoichiometric methane conversion efficiency as a digester control parameter at high loading rates. Our results show that, in general, the CH(4) production rate was proportional to the feed rate (loading rate). However, at very high loading rates, the CH(4) production rate was not proportional to the increase in the feeding rate. Consequently, VFA accumulated and the H(2) partial pressure increased. The proportionality of the loading rate and gas production rate is stoichiometrically expressed as the conversion efficiency. We found that conversion efficiency was a useful indicator as an early warning of digester imbalance. The digester remained stable at conversion efficiencies above 75%. Dropping below 70% signified the onset of digester failure. As loading rate and methane production data are readily available on-line in most anaerobic digestion plants, the conversion efficiency can be monitored on-line and used as an efficient control technique to maintain safe operation of anaerobic digesters at high loading rates.
42: Adrenalectomy is a Curative Treatment Option for Renal Cell Cancer Patients with Solitary Intraadrenal Metastatic Spread (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Saturday, May 21, 2005 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 200542: Adrenalectomy is a Curative Treatment Option for Renal Cell Cancer Patients with Solitary Intraadrenal Metastatic Spread Reinhold Zimmermann, Axel S. Merseburger, Arnulf Stenzl, Gerhard Wegener, Udo Jonas, and Markus A. Kuczyk Reinhold ZimmermannReinhold Zimmermann , Axel S. MerseburgerAxel S. Merseburger , Arnulf StenzlArnulf Stenzl , Gerhard WegenerGerhard Wegener , Udo JonasUdo Jonas , and Markus A. KuczykMarkus A. Kuczyk View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)34307-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "42: Adrenalectomy is a Curative Treatment Option for Renal Cell Cancer Patients with Solitary Intraadrenal Metastatic Spread." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 12 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 12 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Reinhold Zimmermann More articles by this author Axel S. Merseburger More articles by this author Arnulf Stenzl More articles by this author Gerhard Wegener More articles by this author Udo Jonas More articles by this author Markus A. Kuczyk More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Genetic Counseling in Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease in Israel (1990)

45 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (APKD) were interviewed with regard to their knowledge about the familial nature of their disease. 22 patients (mean age up to 57 years) were treated with chronic dialysis, and 23 (mean age up to 49 years) had either normal serum creatinine or chronic renal failure without dialysis (serum creatinine range 1-7 mg/dl). Most of the patients knew the name and prognosis of their disease, but only 9% of them knew that half of their children might be at risk. Only 38% of the patients wanted to know that they had APKD before they had children and only 18% would not have had children if they had known beforehand that they were ill. 45% of the patients on dialysis and 78% of the patients not on dialysis would have had children in spite of their disease. The difference between the two groups is significant (p = 0.006). There was a correlation between the duration of follow-up of the patients and their children's knowledge (r = 0.38; p = 0.017). Genetic counseling in Israel is similar to that in other countries, but there is a large difference between the patients in Israel and others regarding their attitude towards childbearing. The finding of a linkage between a polymorphic region on chromosome 16 (3' HVR) to the locus of APKD makes a prenatal diagnosis of the disease possible. This could be a valuable tool for efficient counseling in the future.
The Curse of Medium Dimension for Geometric Problems in Almost Every Norm. (2016)

Given a point-set, finding the Closest Pair of points in the set, determining its Diameter, and computing a Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree are amongst the most fundamental problems in Computer Science and Computational Geometry. In this paper, we study the complexity of these three problems in medium dimension, i.e., dimension $d=\Theta(\log N)$, and for various $\ell_p$-norms. We show a reduction from SAT to these geometric problems in medium dimension, thus showing that these problems have no subquadratic-time algorithm, i.e., no $O(N^{2-\varepsilon}2^{o(d)})$-time algorithm for any $\varepsilon>0$, under the Strong Exponential-Time Hypothesis (SETH). In particular, under SETH we prove the following results: 
$\bullet$ For every $p\geq 0$, there is no subquadratic-time algorithm for the Diameter problem, in the $\ell_p$-norm and dimension $d=\Theta(\log N)$. 
$\bullet$ There is no subquadratic-time algorithm for the Euclidean Minimum Spanning Tree problem in dimension $d=\Theta(\log N)$. 
$\bullet$ For every $p\in \mathbb{R}_{>2}\cup \{\infty\}$, there is no subquadratic-time algorithm for the Closest Pair problem in the $\ell_p$-norm and dimension $d=\Theta(\log N)$. Additionally, we prove a subquadratic lower bound for a generalization of the Closest Pair problem, namely the Set Closest Pair problem for all norms $\ell_p$, $p\in\mathbb{R}_{\geq 1}\cup\{\infty\}$. 
Many of our proofs go through a reduction from the Bichromatic Closest Pair problem; we prove that for every $p\in\mathbb{R}^+\cup \{\infty\}$, there is no subquadratic-time algorithm for the Bichromatic Closest Pair problem in the $\ell_p$-norm and dimension $d=\Theta(\log N)$, extending a result by Alman and Williams [FOCS 2015]. To show certain limitations of our techniques, we also prove a Point-Set Separation lemma for the $\ell_2$-norm, which might be of independent interest.
Accuracy of Predicted Ear Canal Speech Levels Using the VIOLA Input/Output-Based Fitting Strategy (1998)

Ear canal speech levels were reasonably close to predicted values, and the deviations from predicted levels were plausibly accounted for by consideration of hearing aid performance. Thus, the approach used by the VIOLA procedure holds considerable promise for extending clinical control over the complex and interactive parameters of nonlinear hearing aids. The results of this study indicate that selection and fitting of hearing aids using the current VIOLA procedure usually will result in the generation of lower than predicted ear canal speech levels, especially for loud speech inputs. However, the accuracy of the procedure could be improved substantially by modification of the software to account for the effects of limiting and those of the compression ratio in systems with compression thresholds lower than the level of unamplified loud speech.
Quercetin-3-methyl ether suppresses proliferation of mouse epidermal JB6 P+ cells by targeting ERKs (2011)

Chemoprevention has been acknowledged as an important and practical strategy for the management of skin cancer. Quercetin-3-methyl ether, a naturally occurring compound present in various plants, has potent anticancer-promoting activity. We identified this compound by in silico virtual screening of the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database using extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) as the target protein. Here, we showed that quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibited proliferation of mouse skin epidermal JB6 P+ cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner by inducing cell cycle G(2)-M phase accumulation. It also suppressed 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced neoplastic cell transformation in a dose-dependent manner. Its inhibitory effect was greater than quercetin. The activation of activator protein-1 was dose-dependently suppressed by quercetin-3-methyl ether treatment. Western blot and kinase assay data revealed that quercetin-3-methyl ether inhibited ERKs kinase activity and attenuated phosphorylation of ERKs. Pull-down assays revealed that quercetin-3-methyl ether directly binds with ERKs. Furthermore, a loss-of-function ERK2 mutation inhibited the effectiveness of the quercetin-3-methyl ether. Overall, these results indicated that quercetin-3-methyl ether exerts potent chemopreventive activity by targeting ERKs.
Characterization of Porous Solids and Powders:  Surface Area, Pore Size and Density By S. Lowell (Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach), J. E. Shields (C. W. Post Campus of Long Island University), M. A. Thomas, and M. Thommes (Quantachrome In-struments). Kluwer Academic Publishers:  Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 2004. xiv + 348 pp. $159.00. ISBN 1-4020-2302-2. (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTCharacterization of Porous Solids and Powders: Surface Area, Pore Size and Density By S. Lowell (Quantachrome Instruments, Boynton Beach), J. E. Shields (C. W. Post Campus of Long Island University), M. A. Thomas, and M. Thommes (Quantachrome In-struments). Kluwer Academic Publishers: Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 2004. xiv + 348 pp. $159.00. ISBN 1-4020-2302-2.Mohamed EddaoudiView Author Information University of South FloridaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 40, 14117Publication Date (Web):September 10, 2005Publication History Published online10 September 2005Published inissue 1 October 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja041016ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja041016ibook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3706Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Adsorption,Nanoporous materials,Sorption,Students,Surface chemistry Get e-Alerts
Planning and Visibility Assessment of High Building Development in The Hague (2012)

A true skyline in the Dutch city of The Hague emerged in the spring of 2011 when the construction of four high buildings drew simultaneously to a close: the Ministry of the Interior and Kingdom Relations (146 metres, 2012), the Ministry of Justice (146 metres, 2012), a residential project De Kroon (132 metres, 2011) and a new office tower New Babylon 1 (142 metres, 2011). Together with the Hoftoren (2003, 142 metres) and the Strijkijzer (132 metres, 2007) they constitute a new visual cluster that can be seen by the naked eye as far away as the edge of neighbouring Rotterdam, 16 kilometres away. The Hague’s skyline has been four decades in the making. The earliest discussions on buildings to a height of 140 metres date back to the 1960s. Public opinion, fearing the visual impact of such buildings on the city, impeded the planning of such high buildings, while a weak municipal policy was not able to break the stalemate. New instruments that analyse the development of the skyline through time by means of mapping, scatter plots and viewsheds carry the potential to make such public and political debates on high building development more objective, and perhaps less emotional. This chapter presents three such approaches that were developed by the authors: the use of a scatter plot to unravel the dynamics of high building development and height categories through time, the viewshed of the buildings that make up jointly a cluster by means of GISc, and the mapping the outline of the cluster as it appears in the (urban) landscape.
<sup>13</sup>C NMR microstructure determinations of low‐density polyethylene homopolymers and copolymers (1991)

Abstract Low‐density polyethylenes, prepared by free radical processes in high‐pressure reactors, are dendritic polymers with complex microstructures. Both long‐ and short‐chain aliphatic branches are produced by Roedel intramolecular and intermolecular chain‐transfer reactions during free‐radical processes. Unlike catalytically produced linear low‐density polyethylenes, high‐pressure free‐radical polymerization processes possess the capability for incorporating polar comonomers, which leads to copolymers, such as poly(ethylene‐co‐vinylacetate), poly(ethylene‐co‐acrylic acid), poly‐(ethylene‐co‐methylacrylate), etc. Although it is not often discussed, these comonomer units can also be involved in Roedel intramolecular and intermolecular chain‐transfer reactions either as terminal units or as sites for chain‐transfer during a ‘backbiting’ step. These additional reactions lead to even more complex structures. In this study, the various ways comonomer units can be incorporated into low‐density polyethylene chains, as a consequence of Roedel chain‐transfer chemistry, are identified and the microstructures are given in terms of aliphatic branching as well as type and amount of comonomer structures. This leads to more complete structural determinations that yield results consistent with the melting behavior and that are useful in establishing structure‐property relationships.
Chemical Studies of Wood Preservation (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Studies of Wood PreservationRobert E. Waterman, John Leutritz, and Caleb M. HillCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1938, 10, 6, 306–314Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50122a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50122a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Committed Tc17 cells are phenotypically and functionally resistant to the effects of IL‐27 (2014)

IL-17-secreting CD8(+) T cells (Tc17 cells) have been implicated in immunity to infections, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. Thus far, studies on Tc17 cells have primarily investigated their development from naïve precursors, while the biology of committed Tc17 cells has been less characterized, in particular during the effector phase of immune responses. IL-27 is an important regulator of inflammation through the induction of regulatory Tr1 cells, as well as a suppressor of Th17-cell development. IL-27 suppresses the development of Tc17 cells, but its effects on committed Tc17 cells are unknown. Here we demonstrate that even though IL-27 completely inhibited the development of C57BL/6 mouse Tc17 cells, it had little effect on previously committed Tc17 cells. Although committed Tc17 cells were capable of responding to IL-27, it had no effect on expression of RORγt and RORα, or production of various cytokines. Committed Tc17 cells did not express granzyme B and lacked cytotoxicity in vitro, features that remained unaltered by IL-27 treatment. Nonetheless, they efficiently induced diabetes, irrespective of treatment with IL-27 prior to transfer into RIP-mOVA mice. These findings suggest that use of IL-27 to modulate autoimmune diseases might have limited therapeutic efficacy if autoaggressive Tc17 cells have already developed.
DSP-centric algorithms for distributed transmit beamforming (2011)

Distributed transmit beamforming is a means of increasing range and power efficiency via local collaboration among neighboring nodes in order to transmit a common message to a remote destination. While its basic feasibility has been established by recent analyses and prototypes, transitioning this concept to applications requires the development of protocols and architectures which can be implemented efficiently using digital signal processing (DSP). In this paper, we describe DSP-centric algorithms and their performance limits, and report on recent results from simulations and software-defined radio experiments.
Improvement of L‐lactic acid production with a two‐step <scp>OUR</scp> control strategy (2015)

Abstract BACKGROUND Oxygen metabolism plays an important role in cell growth, metabolism and survival of microorganism. This report describes the effects of different oxygen metabolism levels on L‐lactic acid production by Lactobacillus paracasei , and then a new oxygen uptake rate ( OUR ) strategy is proposed based on integrated process physiological and metabolic analyses. RESULTS Physiological parameter, OUR , was introduced to quantitatively characterize oxygen metabolism in a microaerobic bioprocess for the first time, and 0.14 mmol L −1 h −1 was adopted as control to simulate industrial lactic acid production. During the growth phase, moderate to high OUR (0.43 mmol L −1 h −1 ) could promote cell growth, glucose consumption and L‐lactic acid production with little decrease in yield. However, when cells entered the stationary phase, significant glycolysis inhibition and pyruvate metabolism shift from lactic acid to acetoin occurred with 0.43 and 0.85 mmol L −1 h −1 , both of which led to further L‐lactic acid production limitation. Through a new two‐step OUR control strategy with 0.43 mmol L −1 h −1 during the growth phase and 0.14 mmol L −1 h −1 during the stationary phase, productivity was enhanced 12.7% and the same yield was achieved as in the control. CONCLUSIONS OUR was identified to be a feasible process control parameter for microaerobic lactic acid production, and the OUR control strategy efficiently improved L‐lactic acid production. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
PERMANENT SKIN REPLACEMENT USING CHIMERIC EPITHELIAL CULTURED SHEETS COMPRISING XENOGENEIC AND SYNGENEIC KERATINOCYTES1 (1996)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of permanent skin replacement using chimeric xenogeneic-syngeneic graftable sheets previously obtained in vitro. Newborn (<3 days old) BALB/c and human keratinocytes were isolated and cocultured in different ratios as follows: 50% BALB/c to 50% human and 25% BALB/c to 75% human keratinocytes. Four to 5 days after culture and prior to their grafting, all chimeric sheets contained both cell types in ratios similar to those used to seed the initial chimeric cultures. Fourteen and 30 days after chimeric sheet grafting onto BALB/c mice dorsum, the newly generated cutaneous tissue showed a histologically well-organized epidermis presenting basal and suprabasal cell layers. Cutaneous cells in these structures secreted laminin and type IV collagen in blood vessels, and at ground level of the dermoepidermal junction there were signs of physiologically active skin. Cell phenotyping revealed the presence of only syngeneic keratinocytes, whereas xenogeneic cells were passively eliminated without a total rejection of the chimeric implant. This selective and passive elimination of xenogeneic keratinocytes went through cellular and humoral immunity activation. Data suggest that this chimeric culture method can be used for cutaneous therapies such as large congenital nevi, skin ulcers, and extensively burned skin. Indeed, for large third-degree wounded skin treatment, this culture method may shorten the time (4-5 weeks) needed for cell growth and graftable sheet production. Moreover, since the ultimate aim in allogeneic and xenogeneic transplantation is to achieve an immunological acceptance and tolerance to these foreign tissues, the chimeric culture approach may provide ways to lighten tolerance phenomena on cutaneous tissue.
Fundamentals of Alloy Solidification (1986)

Potential benefits of microgravity processing discussed. Symposium held at Lewis Research Center in September of 1984 on subject of microgravity and some basic metallurgical factors involved in production of metals. General metallurgical areas of interest were metal solidification and processing. Five specific areas covered included undercooling of liquids, porosity, microstructure, solidification, and segregation. Theme of symposium: Possible benefits of microgravity processing and beneficial effects on industry processing. Information readily lends itself to inclusion in educational programs at college level.
Luminescence line shape broadening mechanisms in GaInAs/AlInAs quantum wells (1985)

GaInAs/AlInAs single quantum wells have been grown lattice matched to InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The quantum well thicknesses ranged from 15 to more than 100 Å. The low-temperature photoluminescence exhibited a monotonically increasing spectral linewidth with decreasing well thickness. Of the several possible broadening mechanisms of the quantum well photoluminescence, two mechanisms were found to dominate: one mechanism for thin wells and one for thick wells. Quantum wells thicker than 50 Å were found to have their low-temperature photoluminescence spectra broadened primarily by a transfer of electrons from the AlInAs cladding layers into the GaInAs quantum well. Wells thinner than 50 Å had their photoluminescence broadened mainly by interface roughness.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Double Alkoxide Precursor to Spinel (MgAl2O4) Directly from Al(OH)3, MgO, and Triethanolamine and Its Pyrolytic Transformation to Spinel. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.