gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and FunctionalProperties of HIV-1(GER) TARSequences (1996)

Sequencing ofHIV-1 (GER) long terminal repeat (LTR) has demonstrated, for the first time in an HIV-1 primary isolate, a TAR duplication refered to as TAR1 (nucleotides + 1 through +68) and TAR2 (nucleotides +69 through + 136). This TAR duplication is stable during replication of HIV-1 GER isolate in CEM cells. Analysis of LTR-CAT reporter constructs demonstratcd that under Tattransactivation thc HIV-1 (GER)/LTR ( containing T AR 1 and T AR2) was expressed at a higher level than a similar construct (HIV-1(GER) ∆TAR) containing a single TAR sequence. Among the two transcription initiation sites found in the HIV-1 (GER)/ LTR, only the most 5' start site was shown tobe functionally active. The predictcd secondary structure of the 5'-end mRNAs of HIV-1(GER) suggests it may fold into a double TAR hairpin which resernbles that of HIV-2. Finally, HIV-lGrn Tatproteinshows primary sequence similarity with Tatproteins from other isolates of HIV-1 and is apparently unrelatcd to HIV-2 Tat proteins. This work provides the first evidence of a T AR sequence duplication in HIV-1 which increases the efficicncy oftransactivation by Tat.
Learning from positive examples when the negative class is undetermined- microRNA gene identification (2008)

One and two class methods can both give useful classification accuracies when the negative class is well characterized. The advantage of one class methods is that it eliminates guessing at the optimal features for the negative class when they are not well defined. In these cases one-class methods can be superior to two-class methods when the features which are chosen as representative of that positive class are well defined.
Experimental Study on High-Pressure Gas Seals for a Liquid Oxygen Turbopump (1988)

An experimental study on high-pressure gas seals was carried out in order to investigate the feasibility of a liquid oxygen (LOX) turbopump rotating-shaft seal system for the LE-7 rocket engine of Japan. Floating-ring seals 50 millimeters in diameter were successfully operated under the following conditions: a maximum rotational speed of 25,000 rpm and a maximum sealed hydrogen gas pressure of about 15 MPa. The leakage rates obtained in the experiment were in good agreement with the analytical results obtained from the quasi-one-dimensional compressible flow equation. Observational results indicated that the housing sealing surface coated with rf (radio frequency)-sputtered molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) film was extremely effective in reducing the wear on the carbon sealing surfaces. A 100-millimeter-diameter double segmented hydrodynamic circumferential seal designed for a helium gas purge system was tested in order to investigate the wear process of the carbon segmented-rings. The seal was operated for about 1.5h under the following conditions: a helium purged-gas pressure of about 0.6 MPa and a rotational speed of about 20,000 rpm. Under these conditions rubbing contact between the carbon segmented-rings and the runner occurred; however, the wear rates of carbon segmented-rings decreased with time and the maximum wear depth was less than 10μm after this test. This tendency for the wear process to decrease with time is attributed to the effect of the opening force induced by Rayleigh step bearing lift-pads. From these results, it was confirmed that the LOX turbopump rotating-shaft seal system is feasible.
Effect of various organic fibers on the stiffness, strength and impact resistance of polypropylene; a comparison (2020)

Abstract Composites were prepared from a polypropylene homopolymer and four types of organic fibers, wood, flax, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). Mechanical properties were studied by tensile and impact testing, and structure by scanning electron microscopy. Local deformation processes were followed by acoustic emission testing. Composite strength changes in a wide range and depends on coupling. The deformability of the composites also varies considerably, more plastic deformation occurring in composites prepared with the PET and PVA fibers. Compared to traditional stiff fibers, fracture resistance can be improved significantly with PET and PVA fibers; impact strength as large as 30 kJ m –2 can be achieved with PVA. © 2020 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Azumolene Inhibits a Component of Store-operated Calcium Entry Coupled to the Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor (2006)

Dantrolene reduces the elevated myoplasmic Ca(2+) generated during malignant hyperthermia, a pharmacogenetic crisis triggered by volatile anesthetics. Although specific binding of dantrolene to the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RyR1), the Ca(2+) release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, has been demonstrated, there is little evidence for direct dantrolene inhibition of RyR1 channel function. Recent studies suggest store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) contributes to skeletal muscle function, but the effect of dantrolene on this pathway has not been examined. Here we show that azumolene, an equipotent dantrolene analog, inhibits a component of SOCE coupled to activation of RyR1 by caffeine and ryanodine, whereas the SOCE component induced by thapsigargin is not affected. Our data suggest that azumolene distinguishes between two mechanisms of cellular signaling to SOCE in skeletal muscle, one that is coupled to and one independent from RyR1.
UEFA-M: Utility-based energy efficient adaptive multimedia mechanism over LTE HetNet small cells (2017)

The emerging advances in mobile computing devices enable the adoption of new services like video over LTE (ViLTE), augmented and virtual reality, omnidirectional video, etc. However, these new services cannot be technologically achievable within the current networks without a rethink in the network architecture. A simple increase in system capacity will not be enough without considering the provisioning of Quality of Experience (QoE) as the basis for network control, customer loyalty and retention rate and thus increase in network operators' revenue. This paper proposes an Utility-based Energy eFficient Adaptive Multimedia Mechanism (UEFA-M) over the LTE HetNet Small Cells environment that combines the use of utility theory and the concept of proactive handover to enable the adaptation of the multimedia stream ahead of the handover process in order to provide a seamless QoE to the mobile user and energy savings for their mobile device. Mathematical models for energy and quality are derived from previous real experimental data and integrated in the adaptation mechanism using the utility theory. The performance of the proposed adaptive multimedia scheme is analyzed and compared against a non-adaptive solution in terms of energy efficiency and Mean Opinion Score (MOS).
The Reductive Coupling of Organic Halide Using Hydrazine and a Palladium Amalgam Catalyst. II. Homocoupling of Haloarene with Arylhydrazine (1983)

Abstract The function of palladium chloride in the reaction of an arylhydrazine with a haloarene was found to differ from those of other metal salts; palladium chloride was reduced with arylhydrazine, and the palladium metal produced was again oxidized with haloarene to give palladium halide. Thus the reductive coupling of haloarene occurred in the presence of a catalytic amount of palladium chloride. Addition of mercury(II) chloride promoted this reaction. The reaction of o-, m-, and p-bromotoluene with the corresponding tolylhydrazine gave the corresponding bitolyl in 99, 112, and 115% yield, respectively, based on the haloarene.
Plasma Reflection and Magnetoreflection in Epitaxial Graded‐Gap Cd<sub><i>x</i></sub>Hg<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Te Layers (1980)

Abstract Measurements of reflectivity and magnetoreflectivity in the region of the plasma edge are performed at 300 K on n‐type graded‐gap epitaxial Cd x Hg 1– x Te layers. From these measurements the position‐dependent effective masses and concentrations of free carriers are determined in the semimetallic region ( x < 0.1) and for small composition gradient (≦ 10 −3 μm −1 ). It is found that the position‐dependent effective masses determined by combined reflectivity and magnetoreflectivity measurements in the examined graded‐gap Cd x Hg 1– x Te, at least within experimental error limits, are the same as in homogeneous Cd x Hg 1– x Te crystals with the respective composition x . This result is discussed in the light of the recent effective mass theory for carriers in graded mixed semiconductors.
Butyrate-induced changes in nuclease sensitivity of chromatin cannot be correlated with transcriptional activation. (1987)

We examined in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line the relationship between butyrate-induced changes in the nuclease sensitivity of chromatin and changes in transcriptional activity of specific genes. The butyrate-inducible metallothionein I (MT-I) gene underwent a dramatic increase in DNase I sensitivity after 3 h of butyrate treatment. However, genes not transcribed in H4IIE cells underwent the same changes in DNase I sensitivity. Thus, butyrate-induced increases in DNase I sensitivity are not sufficient for the transcriptional activation of a gene. Butyrate treatment has also been reported to alter the sensitivity of sequences to micrococcal nuclease (MNase) in a manner reflecting their tissue-specific expression. Butyrate exposure caused increased digestion of the MT-I gene by MNase. However, butyrate-induced MNase sensitivity also occurred for genes which are neither transcribed in untreated cells nor butyrate inducible. Moreover, cadmium, a potent transcriptional activator of the MT-I gene, does not alter the sensitivity of the MT-I gene to MNase. Thus, the butyrate-induced alterations in MNase sensitivity are neither sufficient for, necessary for, nor indicative of transcriptional activation.
Compartmental relaxation and diffusion tensor imaging measurements <i>in vivo</i> in λ‐carrageenan‐induced edema in rat skeletal muscle (2007)

Integrated diffusion tensor T(2) measurements were made on normal and edematous rat muscle, and the data were fitted with one- and two-compartment models, respectively. Edematous muscle exhibited a short-lived component (T(2) = 28 +/- 6 ms), with diffusion characteristics similar to that of normal muscle, and a long-lived component (T(2) = 96 +/- 27 ms), with greater mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and lower fractional anisotropy (FA). With this two-component description of diffusion and relaxation, values of ADC and FA estimated with a conventional pulsed-gradient spin-echo sequence will depend on the echo time, relative fraction of short-lived and long-lived water signals, and the intrinsic ADC and FA values within the tissue. On the basis of the relative differences in water diffusion properties between long-lived and short-lived water signals, as well as the similarities between the short-lived component and normal tissue, it is postulated that these two signal components largely reflect intracellular and extracellular water.
Saccadic characteristics in autistic children. (2010)

Some studies suggest that individuals with autism present abnormal saccadic eye movements due to an altered strategy for exploration of the surrounding environment. In this study, potential early abnormalities of saccadic movements were explored in 14 male children with autism (5- to 12-year-olds) and in 20 age matched normal males. Only one patient showed clear abnormalities of the "main sequence"; all the other patients, although showing slight changes in saccadic eye movements, did not present classic deficits. Therefore our results did not confirm the presence of saccadic movement alterations in the early stage of autism. Nonetheless, tracts of saccadic initiation failure, continuous changes in saccadic velocity profiles, and instability of fixation were often observed in the autistic population. These findings could be the expression of an early brainstem impairment in autism.
Dose and Damage Measurements in Low Dose Ion Implantation in Silicon by Photo-Acoustic Displacement and Minority Carrier Lifetime (1991)

Photo-acoustic displacement (PAD) generated with a modulated laser beam pumping is studied for As + or B + implanted Si. At doses above 1×10 13 ions/cm 2 , the PAD has a close relationship to damage density. An ion implantation dose down to 2×10 9 ions/cm 2 can be detected by the PAD measurement. Doses below 2×10 10 ions/cm 2 can be monitored by minority carrier lifetime measurement. A non-destructive high-sensitive dose monitor can be achieved by the PAD and minority carrier lifetime measurements. This monitoring leads to tight control of the threshold voltage of a MOS transistor.
Parathion resistant mites: Performance of new acaricides evaluated in trials against strain of mites known to be resistant to phosphate compounds (1959)

Resistance of European red mite– Panonychus ulmi(Koch)–to phosphate compounds is becoming widespread in the pear and apple growing districts of California.
Mesotheliomas--asbestos exposure and lung burden. (1989)

The assessment of asbestos fibres in the lungs at post mortem in groups of mesotheliomas, groups occupationally exposed to asbestos, and controls has shown that all these groups contain significant levels of asbestos as a lung burden. The amounts in each group are dependent on the degree of past exposure, being highest in those cases with a known or extrapolated occupational exposure, less in those cases with recorded neighbourhood or environmental exposure, and less again in those cases with no evidence of exposure to asbestos and in controls. Relative risk estimates and the use of models developed for occupational situations do not provide good estimates of the relevance of environmental fibres in producing mesotheliomas in the general population. This may be the result of differences between the groups in their time periods of exposure and long-term elimination of asbestos from the lungs. The number of mesotheliomas that might be due to low-level environmental exposure to asbestos cannot be determined from lung contents alone, but an assessment based on detailed occupational histories from the Australian Mesothelioma Surveillance Program show that the problem is not one of great importance when compared with other public health issues.
Standard operating procedures for describing and performing metabolic tests of glucose homeostasis in mice (2010)

The Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center (MMPC) Consortium was established to address the need to characterize the growing number of mouse models of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes and obesity. A goal of the MMPC Consortium is to propose standard methods for assessing metabolic phenotypes in mice. In this article, we discuss issues pertaining to the design and performance of various tests of glucose metabolism. We also propose guidelines for the description of methods, presentation of data and interpretation of results. The recommendations presented in this article are based on the experience of the MMPC Consortium and other investigators.
Influence of Serotonin-Transporter-Linked Promoter Region Polymorphism on Platelet Activation in Geriatric Depression (2001)

Platelet activation is increased in elderly depressed patients, especially those with the 5-HTTLPR l/l genotype. This finding suggests how genetic differences may influence cardiovascular mortality in depressed patients with ischemic heart disease.
Distributed, asynchronous and hybrid simulation of process networks using recording controllers (2003)

Abstract In this paper we propose a novel approach for distributed process simulation which does not need synchronization by a central coordinator, nor does it require an iterative procedure to ensure stability and boundedness of the simulation error. Instead we rely on inherent passivity properties of process networks and recording‐controller (RC) devices to develop a hybrid representation of the underlying continuous dynamics. The RCs are added to the original process system where there are interconnections between different computational agents. RCs accumulate the simulation error between communication intervals, perform error checking, control information flow and update the interconnection variables at discrete intervals so that the errors remain bounded. The distributed simulation framework is used to develop two different simulation strategies: In one case we use distributed simulation with fixed time horizons. In the other case we use update on demand and adapt the time horizons so that the error satisfies pre‐specified tolerances. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of Anthelmintic Resistance and Deworming Regimens in Horses (2006)

Three studies were conducted to examine parasite resistance and anthelmintic efficacy in the horse. In Experiment 1, 3 fenbendazole (FBZ) treatments (5 mg/kg BW, 10 mg/kg BW, or a larvicidal, 50 mg/kg BW) were administered to horses treated only with FBZ for 18 mo prior. Resistance to FBZ was documented by larval hatch assay and fecal egg count reduction (FECR) tests. In all treatment groups, FECR was not greater than 90%. In Experiment 2, the efficacy of moxidectin (MOX), ivermectin (IVM), and the larvicidal FBZ dose were studied. Mean FECR was 99.91%, 98.73%, and 84.3%, respectively. Animals treated with MOX and IVM had higher (P < 0.05) FECR than the FBZ group. When FECR was analyzed by age, there were no differences among treatment groups in the mature horses, whereas the MOX and IVM groups were higher (P < 0.05) than the FBZ group in the young horses. Experiment 3 determined the efficacy of a year-long quarterly rotation. A farmwide study, including the animals from Experiments 1 and 2, showed a quarterly rotation of pyrantel pamoate (June), IVM (September), larvicidal FBZ (December), and MOX (March) effectively reduced or broke resistance to FBZ, based on FECR tests. The mean FECR for the treatments were 95.86, 100, 97.84, and 100, respectively. These studies indicate that neither frequent use nor larger doses of FBZ will alleviate a FBZ resistance problem in the horse. However, Experiment 3 demonstrated that a rotational regimen can effectively break or reduce FBZ resistance and that FBZ can be successfully implemented in a rotational scheme subsequent to prior resistance.
BONE MASS AND EXERCISE: FINDING THE ANSWERS (1995)

Snow-Harter, Christine FACSM1; Bloomfield, Susan K.2; Bouxsein, Mary L.3; Dalsky, Gail P. FACSM4; Grimston, Susan K. FACSM5; Raab-Cullen, Diane M.5 Author Information
Synthetic Peptides: The Future of Patient Management in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases? (2007)

Since the first description of self-reactive antibodies in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases, many autoantigens have been identified as useful diagnostic biomarkers in clinical immunology. Among the autoantigens, double-stranded desoxoribonucleic acid (dsDNA), the Smith antigen (Sm), topoisomerase-I (topo-I), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and others were described as hallmark targets of systemic autoimmune diseases. The detection of the corresponding autoantibodies can be performed with a variety of immunoassays based on native antigens, recombinant proteins or synthetic peptides. As discussed in this review, synthetic peptides often represent highly accurate antigenic ligands for autoantibody assays that can be easily produced in high quality and quantity and with remarkable reproducibility. Furthermore, the use of peptides that focus on abrogation or neutralization of pathogenic autoantibodies provides a possible new therapeutic approach to the management of autoimmune disorders. There is an increasing number of interesting examples for the application of synthetic peptides in diagnostic approaches. Today's sophisticated epitope mapping methods will potentate the identification of further peptides that can be possibly used as specific targets in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to improve the patients treatment. This may lead to a new scientific research area with high impact on the development of diagnostic and therapeutic products, to the area of peptide engineering and "theranostics".
Topoisomerase I Associates Specifically with Simian Virus 40 Large-T-Antigen Double Hexamer–Origin Complexes (2000)

Topoisomerase I (topo I) is required for releasing torsional stress during simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication. Recently, it has been demonstrated that topo I participates in initiation of replication as well as in elongation. Although T antigen and topo I can bind to one another in vitro, there is no direct evidence that topo I is a component of the replication initiation complex. We demonstrate in this report that topo I associates with T-antigen double hexamers bound to SV40 origin DNA (T(DH)) but not to single hexamers. This association has the same nucleotide and DNA requirements as those for the formation of double hexamers on DNA. Interestingly, topo I prefers to bind to fully formed T(DH) complexes over other oligomerized forms of T antigen associated with the origin. High ratios of topo I to origin DNA destabilize T(DH). The partial unwinding of a small-circular-DNA substrate is dependent on the presence of both T antigen and topo I but is inhibited at high topo I concentrations. Competition experiments with a topo I-binding fragment of T antigen indicate that an interaction between T antigen and topo I occurs during the unwinding reaction. We propose that topo I is recruited to the initiation complex after the assembly of T(DH) and before unwinding to facilitate DNA replication.
Voltohmmetry as an Alternative Detection Method at Polycrystalline Metal Film Electrodes (2001)

A new method is introduced for the detection of dissolved analytes which can be deposited at noble metal electrodes. It is based on the measurement of surface resistance-potential curves at thin-film electrodes and has been named voltohmmetry. The measuring principle, fundamental prerequisites and the necessary experimental set-up are described. As an example the deposition and dissolution of lead has been studied by cyclic voltohmmetric experiments at specifically prepared thin-film gold electrodes. The present possibilities and limitations of surface resistance-potential measurements for electroanalysis are discussed.
Angular stability of cross-shaped-hole arrays metallic filters (2013)

Hole arrays metallic filters can be made independent to polarization at normal incidence. However they may lose this property for a non-normal incidence, being dependent to both polar and azimuthal incident angles. These variations of the filter characteristics according to light orientation and polarization are not desirable for most optical applications. Yet, for specific geometric parameters, high-stability can be obtained for cruciform-holes Ag-SiO<sub>2</sub> filters. In this article, we propose a review of cross-holes metallic filters, working with CMOS-compatible materials in the visible range. We find out the main geometrical parameters impacting the filters sensitivity to the incident angles and polarization and link their role to spectral stability. We give proper design rules to realize stable filters which may lead to optical sensors with very low spectral variations whatever the incidence and the polarization of the source.