gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer among Long-Term Users of Aspirin and Nonaspirin Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (2001)

Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer, but limited information is available on the effect of individual nonaspirin NSAIDs. In addition, the dose-response relation of aspirin in reducing the risk of colorectal cancer has not been described. We carried out a population-based cohort study with secondary case-control analysis to determine the association between the risk of colorectal cancer and use of aspirin and individual NSAIDs, including the role of dose and duration. The General Practice Research Database in the U.K. was the source population. We traced 943,903 persons 40-79 years of age and free of cancer and colorectal adenoma between January 1994 and September 1997. A total of 2,002 incident cases of colorectal cancer were ascertained. The incidence rate of colorectal cancer per 10,000 person-years was 7.3. The risk of colorectal cancer was reduced in users of nonaspirin NSAIDs and became evident after 6 months of continuous treatment. The adjusted relative risk was 0.5 (95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.7). The reduction in risk disappeared completely 1 year after stopping NSAID treatment. The risk of developing colorectal cancer was reduced in long-term users of aspirin at doses of 300 mg daily (relative risk = 0.6; 95% confidence interval = 0.4-0.9). Daily doses of 75 and 150 mg aspirin were not associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer. Our data support the existence of an important protective effect of nonaspirin NSAID continuous intake against colorectal cancer and point to a similar reduction in risk for aspirin at doses of at least 300 mg daily. One-year treatment with NSAIDs would prevent one case of colorectal cancer in a population of 1,000 persons 70-79 years of age.
Rational design and synthesis of noble-metal nanoframes for catalytic and photonic applications (2016)

Abstract Nanoframes are unique for their 3D, highly open architecture. When made of noble metals, they are attractive for use as heterogeneous catalysts because of their large specific surface areas, high densities of catalytically active sites and low vulnerability toward sintering. They promise to enhance the catalytic activity and durability while reducing the material loading and cost. For nanoframes composed of Au and/or Ag, they also exhibit highly tunable plasmonic properties similar to those of nanorods. This article presents a brief account of recent progress in the design, synthesis and utilization of noble-metal nanoframes. We start with a discussion of the synthetic strategies, including those involving site-selected deposition and etching, as well as dealloying of both hollow and solid nanocrystals. We then highlight some of the applications enabled by noble-metal nanoframes. Finally, we discuss the challenges and trends with regard to future development.
A Novel Motion Estimation Method Based on Structural Similarity for H.264 Inter Prediction (2006)

In the motion estimation of H.264, the best matching blocks and the best prediction modes are chosen by Lagrange cost function whose distortion metric is the sum of absolute (transformed) differences [SA(T)D] which has similar meaning with MSE or PSNR. Recently a new image measurement called Structural Similarity (SSIM) based on the degradation of structural information was brought forward. It is proved that the SSIM can provide a better approximation for the perceived image distortion than the currently used PSNR (or MSE). In this paper, we propose an improved motion estimation method based on SSIM(MEBSS) for H.264 inter coding. Experiment results show that the MEBSS can reduce average 20% bit rate and 2% encoding time while maintaining the same perceptual video quality, and the maximum reduction in bitrate is more than 50%.
Channel estimation improvement for multi-carrier DS-CDMA (2003)

A multi-carrier direct sequence code division multiple access (MC/DS-CDMA) signal is usually demodulated in parallel by several independent single-carrier receivers, each consisting of a complete set of algorithmic functions and tuned to its respective sub-carrier frequency. We study a channel estimation scheme that exploits the fact that the pilot signals transmitted for channel estimation in the multiple carriers form a composite pilot signal with wider bandwidth and higher power and can therefore be used to improve the overall receiver performance.
Activation of Serum- and Glucocorticoid-induced Protein Kinase (Sgk) by Cyclic AMP and Insulin (2001)

Sgk (serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that is transcriptionally regulated by serum, glucorticoids, and mineralocorticoids. Sgk regulates the amiloride-sensitive sodium channel in kidney principal cells. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 stimulate activity of Sgk by a mechanism mediated by phosphoinositide-dependent kinases (PDK)-1 and -2. In this study, we demonstrate that incubation of transfected cells with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (8CPT-cAMP; 0.2 mm) led to a 2-fold activation of recombinant Sgk expressed in COS7 cells. Furthermore, the combination of insulin plus 8CPT-cAMP elicited a larger response than either agent alone. The effect of insulin was inhibited by wortmannin (100 nm), but not by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor, H89 (10 microm). As expected, the effect of 8CPT-cAMP was completely blocked by H89. Surprisingly, the effect of 8CPT-cAMP was also inhibited by wortmannin, suggesting that phosphorylation of Sgk by PDK-1 and/or -2 is required for activation by 8CPT-cAMP. Mutational analysis led to similar conclusions. The Thr(369) --> Ala mutant, lacking the PKA phosphorylation site, was activated by insulin but not 8CPT-cAMP. In contrast, the Ser(422) --> Ala mutant, lacking a PDK-2 phosphorylation site, was inactive and resistant to activation by either insulin or 8CPT-cAMP. In summary, Sgk is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms. In addition to regulation at the level of gene expression, the enzymatic activity of Sgk is regulated by multiple protein kinases, including PKA, PDK-1, and PDK-2. Cross-talk among these signaling pathways may play an important role in the pathogenesis of the hypertension associated with hyperinsulinemia, obesity, and insulin resistance.
Meter and Rhyme in Franco-Italian MS. 13 (The Geste Francor) (1993)

(1993). Meter and Rhyme in Franco-Italian MS. 13 (The Geste Francor) Italian Culture: Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 13-29.
Local Label Propagation for Large-Scale Semi-Supervised Learning (2019)

A significant issue in training deep neural networks to solve supervised learning tasks is the need for large numbers of labelled datapoints. The goal of semi-supervised learning is to leverage ubiquitous unlabelled data, together with small quantities of labelled data, to achieve high task performance. Though substantial recent progress has been made in developing semi-supervised algorithms that are effective for comparatively small datasets, many of these techniques do not scale readily to the large (unlaballed) datasets characteristic of real-world applications. In this paper we introduce a novel approach to scalable semi-supervised learning, called Local Label Propagation (LLP). Extending ideas from recent work on unsupervised embedding learning, LLP first embeds datapoints, labelled and otherwise, in a common latent space using a deep neural network. It then propagates pseudolabels from known to unknown datapoints in a manner that depends on the local geometry of the embedding, taking into account both inter-point distance and local data density as a weighting on propagation likelihood. The parameters of the deep embedding are then trained to simultaneously maximize pseudolabel categorization performance as well as a metric of the clustering of datapoints within each psuedo-label group, iteratively alternating stages of network training and label propagation. We illustrate the utility of the LLP method on the ImageNet dataset, achieving results that outperform previous state-of-the-art scalable semi-supervised learning algorithms by large margins, consistently across a wide variety of training regimes. We also show that the feature representation learned with LLP transfers well to scene recognition in the Places 205 dataset.
Design of reprogrammable FPLA (1989)

A new design scheme for field programmable logic arrays is presented. The proposed design uses transistors with double polysilicon gates instead of fuses. The design is highly useful since the PLA can be programmed again and again without any constraint. The proposed design offers the concept of reusable hardware to implement combinational circuits.
Introduction (1987)

This book is about the political and economic ideas which have influenced the governments of Britain and the United States during the 1980s. In Britain, these ideas are commonly referred to as those of the ‘New Right’ — hence its common currency. It is also commonly employed in the United States though its meaning differs. In the United States, the term ‘new right’ is more closely associated with moral rather than economic arguments; this book concentrates primarily upon the British usage. None the less, there are sufficient similarities between recent British and American governing experience to justify a comparative study based on the shared assumptions and policy objectives evident in both the Thatcher and Reagan administrations. The distinct personalities of the current British and American political leaders, Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Reagan, and their political abilities have been extensively examined elsewhere. This book’s concern is different: it attempts to explicate the set of economic and political ideas upon which these two leaders have drawn. Whilst the policies of these two governments are shaped as much by pragmatic political calculations as by ideology, New Right economic and political ideas have exercised a peculiar influence upon the intellectual framework within which policy is determined; and, given the demise of the post-war Keynesian welfare state consensus, are likely to continue to influence the nature of political debate.
Die mutasie van feit tot fiksie: die faksionele kode in 'Die jonkmanskas' van Koos Prinsloo (1989)

Documentary realism is a marked characteristic of Afrikaans literature in the eighties. This article looks critically at the techniques used by the author of the story “Die jonkmanskas” in his attempts to present an external, factual realm within a fictional framework. The term faction is defined in this article as documentary realism, where the text, through the agency of specific narrative techniques, transforms the document, or documentary material, into a new type of narrative material altogether. Particular attention is paid to autobiographical insertions, as well as techniques of authentication of this story. A metafictional system of control, which marks the text as a typically post-modernist, self-referential one, is developed through an intrinsic network of factional cross-references.
Glycine Decarboxylase Expression Increased in <b><i>p53</i></b>-Mutated B Cell Lymphoma Mice (2015)

These studies support a direct relationship between p53 mutations and GLDC expression in B cell lymphoma. GLDC can induce dramatic changes in glycolysis and glycine/serine metabolism, leading to changes in pyrimidine metabolism and tumor development.
<title>Enhanced vision systems: results of simulation and operational tests</title> (1998)

Today's aircrews have to handle more and more complex situations. Most critical tasks in the field of civil aviation are landing approaches and taxiing. Especially under bad weather conditions the crew has to handle a tremendous workload. Therefore DLR's Institute of Flight Guidance has developed a concept for an enhanced vision system (EVS), which increases performance and safety of the aircrew and provides comprehensive situational awareness. In previous contributions some elements of this concept have been presented, i.e. the 'Simulation of Imaging Radar for Obstacle Detection and Enhanced Vision' by Doehler and Bollmeyer 1996. Now the presented paper gives an overview about the DLR's enhanced vision concept and research approach, which consists of two main components: simulation and experimental evaluation. In a first step the simulational environment for enhanced vision research with a pilot-in-the-loop is introduced. An existing fixed base flight simulator is supplemented by real-time simulations of imaging sensors, i.e. imaging radar and infrared. By applying methods of data fusion an enhanced vision display is generated combining different levels of information, such as terrain model data, processed images acquired by sensors, aircraft state vectors and data transmitted via datalink. The second part of this contribution presents some experimental results. In cooperation with Daimler Benz Aerospace Sensorsystems Ulm, a test van and a test aircraft were equipped with a prototype of an imaging millimeter wave radar. This sophisticated HiVision Radar is up to now one of the most promising sensors for all weather operations. Images acquired by this sensor are shown as well as results of data fusion processes based on digital terrain models. The contribution is concluded by a short video presentation.
Neuronal Glutamate Uptake Contributes to GABA Synthesis and Inhibitory Synaptic Strength (2003)

Neurons must maintain a supply of neurotransmitter in their presynaptic terminals to fill synaptic vesicles. GABA is taken up into inhibitory terminals by transporters or is synthesized from glutamate by glutamic acid decarboxylase. Here we report that glutamate transporters supply GABAergic terminals in the hippocampus with glutamate, which is then used to synthesize GABA for filling synaptic vesicles. Glutamate transporter antagonists reduced IPSC and miniature IPSC (mIPSC) amplitudes, consistent with a reduction in the amount of GABA packaged into each synaptic vesicle. This reduction occurred rapidly and independently of synaptic activity, suggesting that modulation of vesicular GABA content does not require vesicle release and refilling. Raising extracellular glutamate levels increased mIPSC amplitudes by enhancing glutamate uptake and, consequently, GABA synthesis. These results indicate that neuronal glutamate transporters strengthen inhibitory synapses in response to extracellular glutamate. This modulation appears to occur under normal conditions and may constitute a negative feedback mechanism to combat hyperexcitability.
The preparation and magnetic properties of some oxy-bridged binuclear iron(III) Schiff-base complexes (1967)

The preparation and magnetic properties over a temperature range of iron(III) oxy-bridged binuclear Schiff-base complexes have been studied. The magnetic properties have been analysed on a dipolar coupling mechanism and the interaction found to be virtually independent of the nature of the substituent on the Schiff base. Both the magnetism and stereochemistry of the complexes are interpreted on the basis of a strong linear Fe–O–Fe system. A qualitative discussion of the molecular orbital scheme within these molecules is given.
REVIEWS Jean-Jacques Rousseau. I. La Marche à la gloire. By TROUSSONRAYMOND. (Figures de proue). Paris, Tallandier, 1988. vii + 509 pp. 145 F. (1990)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Jean-Jacques Rousseau. I. La Marche à la gloire. By RAYMOND TROUSSON. (Figures de proue). Paris, Tallandier, 1988. vii + 509 pp. 145 F. DAVID WILLIAMS DAVID WILLIAMS SHEFFIELD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XLIV, Issue 1, January 1990, Pages 65-b–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XLIV.1.65-b Published: 01 January 1990
Hair evaluation methods: Merits and demerits (2009)

Various methods are available for evaluation (for diagnosis and/or quantification) of a patient presenting with hair loss. Hair evaluation methods are grouped into three main categories: Non-invasive methods (e.g., questionnaire, daily hair counts, standardized wash test, 60-s hair count, global photographs, dermoscopy, hair weight, contrasting felt examination, phototrichogram, TrichoScan and polarizing and surface electron microscopy), semi-invasive methods (e.g., trichogram and unit area trichogram) and invasive methods (e.g., scalp biopsy). Any single method is neither 'ideal' nor feasible. However, when interpreted with caution, these are valuable tools for patient diagnosis and monitoring. Daily hair counts, wash test, etc. are good methods for primary evaluation of the patient and to get an approximate assessment of the amount of shedding. Some methods like global photography form an important part of any hair clinic. Analytical methods like phototrichogram are usually possible only in the setting of a clinical trial. Many of these methods (like the scalp biopsy) require expertise for both processing and interpreting. We reviewed the available literature in detail in light of merits and demerits of each method. A plethora of newer methods is being introduced, which are relevant to the cosmetic industry/research. Such methods as well as metabolic/hormonal evaluation are not included in this review.
Brain Microdialysis Coupled to LC-MS/MS Revealed That CVT-10216, a Selective Inhibitor of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2, Alters the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of Methamphetamine (2021)

Methamphetamine (MA), a potent central nervous system stimulant, mainly affects the brain dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems. Monoamine oxidase, catechol-O-methyltransferase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) are important enzymes in the metabolism of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT); however, the role of ALDH2 in MA addiction remains unclear. This study focused on the real-time changes in DA, 5-HT, and their metabolites, including 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic aldehyde and salsolinol, which are metabolites directly related to ALDH2, to examine the effects of the inhibition of ALDH2 on hyperlocomotion induced by MA. Locomotor activity was evaluated in rats after administration of MA and/or CVT-10216 (a selective ALDH2 inhibitor). Moreover, the simultaneous quantification of DA, 5-HT, and their metabolites in brain microdialysates of the rats was performed using a derivatization-assisted LC-MS/MS method after full validation. The validation results proved the method to be selective, sensitive, accurate, and precise, with acceptable linearity within calibration ranges. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 10 or 20 mg/kg of CVT-10216 significantly decreased MA-induced hyperlocomotion (1 mg/kg, i.p.). The analytical results of rat brain microdialysates demonstrated that the administration of CVT-10216 significantly downregulated DA levels, which were increased upon exposure to MA. Moreover, the increase in 3-methoxytyramine levels following coadministration of CVT-10216 and MA could play a potential role in antagonizing the hyperlocomotion induced by MA. All of these findings suggest that the inhibition of ALDH2 protects against MA-induced hyperlocomotion and has therapeutic potential in MA addiction.
Effect of Age, Weaning and Diet on Digestive Enzyme Levels in the Piglet (1986)

Thirty-seven pigs were used to evaluate the effects of age and weaning on the level of protease in the gastric mucosa and trypsin, chymotrypsin, amylase and lipase in the pancreas. There was a positive allometry of the pancreas and gastric mucosa associated with age and with weaning to a solid diet. Increases with age in total activity of chymotrypsin, trypsin, amylase and gastric proteases were due to increases in both tissue weight and enzyme activity per gram of tissue. A general depression in pancreatic enzymatic activities, but not in gastric proteolytic activity, was found during the first week following weaning. Forty pigs were used in a second trial to evaluate the effects of age and weaning diet on the same digestive enzymes. Total activity of all enzymes assayed increased with time postweaning. Increases in total activity of lipase and chymotrypsin were due primarily to increased pancreatic weight postweaning. Amylase, trypsin and gastric protease increases were due both to increased tissue weight and increased activity per gram of tissue. There were no effects of diet on the weight of gastric mucosa or the level of activity of the gastric proteases. Pigs fed a diet containing 20% whey had larger pancreases (P less than .10) at slaughter and a greater, but nonsignificant, mean activity per gram of pancreas for all pancreatic enzymes. It appears that the pig has sufficient pancreatic and gastric enzyme activity so that performance should not be limited, with the possible exception of the period shortly after weaning. However diet digestibility and subsequent pig performance may be more directly related to the extent of release of these enzymes into the intestine and the conditions that exist therein.
Glycotechiiology Drugs Begin To Emerge from the Lab (1993)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTGlycotechiiology Drugs Begin To Emerge from the Lab▪ Carbohydrates make increasing contribution to drug development as research focuses on their key biological rolesSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1993, 71, 26, 27–34Publication Date (Print):June 28, 1993Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 28 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v071n026.p027https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v071n026.p027newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1993 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Band Selection for Hyperspectral Image Classification Using Mutual Information (2006)

Spectral band selection is a fundamental problem in hyperspectral data processing. In this letter, a new band-selection method based on mutual information (MI) is proposed. MI measures the statistical dependence between two random variables and can therefore be used to evaluate the relative utility of each band to classification. A new strategy is described to estimate the MI using a priori knowledge of the scene, reducing reliance on a "ground truth" reference map, by retaining bands with high associated MI values (subject to the so-called "complementary" conditions). Simulations of classification performance on 16 classes of vegetation from the AVIRIS 92AV3C data set show the effectiveness of the method, which outperforms an MI-based method using the associated reference map, an entropy-based method, and a correlation-based method. It is also competitive with the steepest ascent algorithm at much lower computational cost
Energy-biodiversity-coal nexus : environmental responsibility (2013)

The issue of water scarcity is hugely important in South Africa, a semi-arid country that, as a result of widespread mining activity over decades, is battling the problems of general pollution, a trade-off of water available for domestic, industrial and mining operations and, in some provinces, acid mine drainage (AMD).