gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated chassis control for a three-axle electric bus with distributed driving motors and active rear steering system (2017)

This paper describes an integrated chassis control framework for a novel three-axle electric bus with active rear steering (ARS) axle and four motors at the middle and rear wheels. The proposed integrated framework consists of four parts: (1) an active speed limiting controller is designed for anti-body slip control and rollover prevention; (2) an ARS controller is designed for coordinating the tyre wear between the driving wheels; (3) an inter-axle torque distribution controller is designed for optimal torque distribution between the axles, considering anti-wheel slip and battery power limitations and (4) a data acquisition and estimation module for collecting the measured and estimated vehicle states. To verify the performances, a simulation platform is established in Trucksim software combined with Simulink. Three test cases are particularly designed to show the performances. The proposed algorithm is compared with a simple even control algorithm. The test results show satisfactory lateral stability and rollover prevention performances under severe steering conditions. The desired tyre wear coordinating performance is also realised, and the wheel slip ratios are restricted within stable region during intensive driving and emergency braking with complicated road conditions.
PRISM: a language for symbolic-statistical modeling (1997)

We present an overview of symbolic-statistical modeling language PRISM whose programs are not only a probabilistic extension of logic programs but also able to learn from examples with the help of the EM learning algorithm. As a knowledge representation language appropriate for probabilistic reasoning, it can describe various types of symbolic-statistical modeling formalism known but unrelated so far in a single framework. We show by examples, together with learning results, that most popular probabilistic modeling formalisms, the hidden Markov model and Bayesian networks, are described by PRISM programs. 1
The Effect of Longitudinal Heat Conduction on Periodic-Flow Heat Exchanger Performance (1964)

A numerical finite-difference method of calculating the effectiveness for the periodic-flow type heat exchanger accounting for the effect of longitudinal heat conduction in the direction of fluid flow is presented. The method considers the metal stream in crossflow with each of the gas streams as two separate but dependent heat exchangers. To accommodate the large number of divisions necessary for accuracy and extrapolation to zero element area, use was made of a general purpose digital computer. The values of the effectiveness thus obtained are good to four significant figures while those values for the conduction effect are good to three significant figures. The exchanger effectiveness and conduction effect have been evaluated over the following range of dimensionless parameters. 1.0⩾Cmin/Cmax⩾0.901.0⩽Cr/Cmin⩽∞1.0⩽NTU0⩽1001.0⩾(hA)*⩾0.251.0⩾As*⩾0.250.01⩽λ⩽0.32
Bioecological Control of Acute and Chronic Diseases: The Role of Pro-, Pre- and Synbiotics (2007)

The incidence of acute and chronic diseases is increasing worldwide and especially in what has been called the third world. This development is strongly associated with Western lifestyle: lack of physical exercise, mental stress, use of tobacco and alcohol and consumption of refined and calorie-condensed foods, a lifestyle, which seems to “paralyze” the innate immune system and reduce resistance to disease. Increased level of general inflammation in the body is common for almost all diseases, and is likely to be a result of Western lifestyle. A microbial flora, which covers the surfaces of all living organisms, plants as well as animals, plays an important role in protecting the body surfaces and the whole body. The majority of the immune system is in the gut, and flora has a profound influence on its function. The flora exists on all human surfaces but the majority is to be found in the large intestine, where it also contributes to the digestion of food ingredients and making them available for absorption. The flora is significantly re d u c e d among Westerners, which might contribute to the reduced resistance to disease. Attempts are made to supplement beneficial bacteria, most often lactic acid bacteria (LAB). One can expect, as LAB are depending on access to plant fibers that more pronounced effects can be obtained by simultaneous administration of LAB and plant fibers, a formulation often referred to as synbiotics. Cutting-edge results have also been obtained when they are tried both in acute conditions such as perioperative t reatment, in connection with larger abdominal operations, liver transplantation, acute severe pancre a t i t i s , extensive trauma and in chronic diseases such as liver cirrhosis and chronic colitis.
[Effects of Angelica sinensis treatment on the expression of flt-1 and flk-1 mRNA after the ischemic brain injury in rats]. (2006)

The increasing amount of Flt-1, Flk-1 expression was enhanced by Angelica sinensis following transient interruption of cerebral blood flow in rats.
基于传承地域文化视角下公共建筑装饰设计课程的教学改革策略研究 (2020)

Advanced Materials Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed open access journal published semi-annual online by Omniscient Pte. Ltd. The journal covers the properties, applications and synthesis of new materials related to energy, environment, physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, including ceramics, polymers, biological, medical and composite materials and so on.
Morphology effect of one-dimensional iron oxide nanocatalysts on Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (2016)

One-dimensional iron oxide nanocatalysts have been fabricated by a one-step hydrothermal method and show distinguished catalytic activity and selectivity.
A cell placement procedure that utilizes circuit structural properties (2002)

A cell placement method for two-based chip layout is proposed. The proposed method utilizes the structural properties of its input circuits to guide the placement process. The algorithm first extracts the strongly connected subcircuits called cones from the circuit and then groups small cones called fragments further in order to reduce the number of extracted cones. The algorithm then performs a macrocell placement on cones which are treated as soft macros, followed by mapping the resulting macrocell placement into a cell-row placement. Finally, the algorithm applies a simulated-annealing procedure to refine the row-based placement. By utilizing the structural properties of the design, the method is fast and is able to produce a higher quality placement compared to other straightforward placement methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Optical Properties of Bismuth Telluride (1958)

The shape of the absorption edge in the semiconductor Bi2Te3 has been determined from transmission measurements on cleavage sections. The edge is of the form expected for indirect transitions, but an interpretation in terms of phonons characterized by a single energy is not applicable. A brief study of anisotropy effects is included.
Authenticity (2018)

This entry provides a succinct literature review of authenticity in strategic communication. The theoretical conceptualization and definition of authenticity in the domains of public relations, leadership, branding, advertising, and political communication are provided. Measures, antecedents, and consequences of authenticity in strategic communication as well as strategic guidelines to convey and enhance authenticity are also discussed.
Rietveld refinement for indium nitride in the 105–295 K range (2003)

Results of Rietveld refinement for indium nitride data collected in the temperature range 105–295 K are presented. Acicular microcrystals of indium nitride prepared by reaction of liquid indium with nitrogen plasma were studied by X-ray diffraction. The diffraction measurements were carried out at the Swiss-Norwegian Beamline SNBL (ESRF) using a MAR345 image-plate detector. Excellent counting statistics allowed for refinement of the lattice parameters of InN as well as those of the metallic indium secondary phase. In the studied temperature range, the InN lattice parameters show a smooth increase that can be approximated by a linear function. Lattice-parameter dependencies confirm the trends indicated earlier by data measured using a conventional equipment. The relative change of both the a and c lattice parameters with increasing the temperature in the studied range is about 0.05%. The axial ratio slightly decreases with rising temperature. The experimental value of the free structural parameter, u =0.3769(14), is reported for InN for the first time. Its temperature variation is found to be considerably smaller than the experimental error. The thermal-expansion coefficients (TECs), derived from the linearly approximated lattice-parameter dependencies, are α a =3.09(14)×10 −6 K −1 and α c =2.79(16)×10 −6 K −1 . The evaluated TECs are generally consistent with the earlier data. For the present dataset, the accuracy is apparently higher for both, the lattice parameters and thermal-expansion coefficients, than for the earlier results. The refined lattice parameter c In of the indium secondary phase exhibits the known strongly nonlinear behavior; a shift (Δ T equal about −50 K) of the maximum in c In ( T ) dependence is observed with respect to the literature data.
The Reference Reach: A Blueprint for Natural Channel Design (1998)

The reference reach is a river segment that represents a stable channel within a particular valley morphology. The reference reach is used to develop natural channel design criteria based upon measured morphological relations associated with the bankfull stage for a specific stable stream type. Specific data on stream channel dimension, pattern, profile and channel materials are measured and documented. Channel morphological variables are analyzed and developed into dimensionless ratios by stream type. The morphological data collected are used for river assessment and extrapolation to disturbed or unstable reaches in similar valley types for the purposes of restoration, stream enhancement, stabilization, and stream naturalization schemes. A reference discharge utilizing the bankfull stage is required to maintain consistency for obtaining stream channel dimensions.
Some noteworthy Myrtaceae from the Moluccas, New Guinea and the Solomon Islands (1951)

With one plateThe following is an account of some Myrtaceae from the Pacific region submitted to me for determination by the Arnold Arboretum.It supplements a previous paper on "Some Papuan Myrtaceae" in this Journal (23: 80-92, pi. 1. 1942).The collection was small, but it contained a new genus with rather striking characters, and extended the known range of the genera Eugenia ysensu stricto), Mcarnsia and Rhodamnia to the Solomon Islands.Eucalyptopsis gen.nov.Calycis tubus campanulatus supra ovarium leviter constrictus et deinde articulatus irregulariter disruptus et in lobos ad discum staminalem divisus.Petala nulla.Stamina numerosa, in fasciculos 4 disposita, in alabastris pendentia, filamentis rectis inaequalibus connectivi basim versus affixis; antherae loculis parallelis longitudinalitcr dehiscentibus.Ovarium planum in fundo calycis inferum vel deinde semisuperum, biloculare; ovulis in loculis ca.IS sed modo uno maturescente placentae peltatae affixis adscendentibus.Capsula lignosa parte superiore calycis tubo persistent!adnata, parte superiore libera et in valvis 2 loculicide dehiscens.Semina oblonga, magna, plano-convexa, saepe abortu solitaria; testa Crustacea atro-castanea facie ventrali hilo orbiculari notata; cotyledonibus magnis corneis inaequalibus marginibus plus vel minus involutis, radicula^ vix exserta.
Automatic Mobile Device Synchronization and Remote Control System for High-Performance Medical Applications (2007)

The field of telemedicine is in need of generic solutions that harness the power of small, easily carried computing devices to increase efficiency and decrease the likelihood of medical errors. Our study resolved to build a framework to bridge the gap between handheld and desktop solutions by developing an automated network protocol that wirelessly propagates application data and images prepared by a powerful workstation to handheld clients for storage, display and collaborative manipulation. To this end, we present the Mobile Active Medical Protocol (MAMP), a framework capable of nigh-effortlessly linking medical workstation solutions to corresponding control interfaces on handheld devices for remote storage, control and display. The ease-of-use, encapsulation and applicability of this automated solution is designed to provide significant benefits to the rapid development of telemedical solutions. Our results demonstrate that the design of this system allows an acceptable data transfer rate, a usable framerate for diagnostic solutions and enough flexibility to enable its use in a wide variety of cases. To this end, we also present a large-scale multi-modality image viewer as an example application based on the MAMP.
Mesenchymal to Epithelial Transition in Development and Disease (2007)

Cellular plasticity is fundamental to embryonic development. The importance of cellular transitions in development is first apparent during gastrulation when the process of epithelial to mesenchymal transition transforms polarized epithelial cells into migratory mesenchymal cells that constitute the embryonic and extraembryonic mesoderm. It is now widely accepted that this developmental pathway is exploited in various disease states, including cancer progression. The loss of epithelial characteristics and the acquisition of a mesenchymal-like migratory phenotype are crucial to the development of invasive carcinoma and metastasis. However, given the morphological similarities between primary tumour and metastatic lesions, it is likely that tumour cells re-activate certain epithelial properties through a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (MET) at the secondary site, although this is yet to be proven. MET is also an essential developmental process and has been extensively studied in kidney organogenesis and somitogenesis. In this review we describe the process of MET, highlight important mediators, and discuss their implication in the context of cancer progression.
Hydrogenolysis of Benzylic Alcohols on Rhodium Catalysts (2000)

Alumina-supported catalysts from various sources and with different rhodium dispersions predominantly yield the hydrogenation product perhydro-1-indanol in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of 1-indanol, while carbonsupported catalysts mainly give the C-O bond scission - hydrogenation product perhydroindane. Addition of organic or inorganic bases to the reaction mixture suppresses C-O bond scission. To distinguish between the two possible pathways for C-O bond scission of direct hydrogenolysis or dehydration followed by hydrogenation, deuteration studies have been carried out with carbon-supported catalysts. Not only 1-indanol but also indane and indene (the two possible mechanistic intermediates in the C-O bond scission routes) were deuterated. Information about the actual pathway has been obtained by determining the degree of deuteration and the positions at which deuterium is incorporated in the resulting perhydroindane product by means of mass spectrometry and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The results prove that C-O bond scission takes place primarily through the direct hydrogenolysis pathway on the carbon-supported catalysts. Direct hydrogenolysis occurs on the carbon support because of the formation of a better leaving group (OH2+) from the benzylic hydroxy group and its subsequent substitution by spillover hydrogen.
Separation of a Water‐Soluble Adjuvant (MAF3) from Delipidated Cells of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strain Aoyama B by Hydrogenolysis and Gel Filtration (1976)

A water-extract from hydrogenolyzed cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain Aoyama B was separated into four portions (F-1 to F-4 fractions) by gel filtration with a Sephadex G-100 column. The third peak (called MAF3) eluted from the column was the most adjuvant-active fraction. The molecular weight determined by gel filtration was around 16 000 daltons. MAF3 consisted of heteropolymer(s) composed of approximately 76 to 79% neutral sugars (Ara, Gal, Man, and Glc) and 19% mucopeptide (MurN, GlcN, Glu, Ala, Dpm, Gly, Asp, Thr, Ser, Leu, Lys, Arg, His, Pro, Tyr, and Phe). The adjuvanticities of MAF3 and other fractions in water-in-oil emulsion were estimated by the enhancing effect on immune response to egg albumin (EA) in guinea pigs. MAF3 stimulated the production of humoral antibodies, particularly IgG2 antibody specific to the antigen, and induced delayed type hypersensitivity against EA in the skin and cornea of antigen-primed guinea pigs. These adjuvanticities of MAF3 were similar to the characteristics of mycobacterial cell wall in Freund's complete adjuvant.
Pattern of expression of tetraspanin antigen genes in Burkitt lymphoma cell lines (1998)

Tetraspanin antigens are implicated in the prognosis of different types of tumours. In this study we determine by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the level of 13 tetraspan messages in 21 Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cell lines. All tumour cell lines have a common pattern of tetraspanin gene expression. There are five antigens which are detected in 90% of cell lines at high levels, CD53, CD81, CD63, SAS and CD82. Another two, CD9 and CD37, were detected in 60% of cell lines, and have a very variable level of expression. The remaining antigens, A15, CoO29, KRAG, L6, TI-1 and il-TMP, are expressed at low levels in very few cell lines without any specific pattern. The level of gene expression corresponds with the level of cell surface antigen determined by flow cytometry. The average number of tetraspan proteins expressed per cell line is six. These proteins may form subunits of an oligomeric structure with 24 transmembrane domains. There are no major differences in tetraspan expression pattern among sporadic or endemic tumours, type of translocation or Epstein-Barr virus status, suggesting the original cell of these tumours is the same, probably a late pre-B cell, at the CD9 to CD37 transition point. Tetraspanin gene expression is consistent with BL being a single entity, despite variations in other parameters.
ASL-English Bilingual Classroom: The Families’ Perspectives (2002)

Abstract Traditionally, professionals have provided information about deafness and its implications to families from a “hearing perspective,” but not from a “deaf perspective.” With diagnosis, the family is faced with raising a child that does not match its expectations of a “normal” child. Families may experience grieving, non-acceptance of deafness, and confusion created by an abundance of detailed and contradictory information. The purpose of this paper is to examine families’ perspectives about their children’s deafness, language, and education when the children’s educational setting is bilingual. Qualitative methods, specifically interviews and focus group meetings, were used. The findings suggest when information with a “deaf perspective” is provided and certain classroom conditions are present, families are empowered with new attitudes about deafness.
An efficient power clock generation circuit for complementary pass-transistor adiabatic logic carry-save multiplier (2009)

This paper presents a novel four-phase power clock generator for low power adiabatic logic without using inductors. The power clock generator circuit is designed using current mirror arrangement of pMOS and nMOS transistors. Complementary pass transistor adiabatic logic (CPAL) is chosen to implement an adiabatic carry save multiplier as it gives less energy dissipation per cycle than other logic families at higher load capacitances and higher loads. The power clock is designed for CPAL which requires four phase trapezoidal waveform. An 8-bit carry save multiplier is designed which is used as load to clock generation circuit. The clock generator consumes equal energy per cycle at all frequencies. The control logic required for clock generation circuit is also simple to implement. Conversion efficiency of the order of 10% is obtained for an equivalent load capacitance of 2pF. The simulations are done using LT-spice in 0.25µm TSMC process technology. Layouts are drawn in MAGIC 7.1.
An automatic emissivity-compensated radiation pyrometer (1963)

A new radiation pyrometer is described for measuring the true temperature of a surface, independently of the emissivity of that surface. A two-beam null-balancing technique is used which provides automatic operation and recording of the temperature. The detector employed is a photoconductive lead sulphide cell.
Hormonal Regulation of Nitric Oxide Synthases and Their Cell-Specific Expression during Follicular Development in the Rat Ovary (1997)

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a novel regulator of several ovarian events, such as ovulation, steroidogenesis, and apoptotic cell death. The NO synthases (NOS) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of l-arginine to NO and l-citrulline. The purpose of the present study was to localize NOS isoforms in the rat ovary and to examine their hormonal regulation. We conducted immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis using isoform-specific antibodies against brain NOS, endothelial NOS (eNOS), and inducible NOS (iNOS). Immature rats were superovulated by injecting PMSG (10 IU sc) followed by an injection of human CG (hCG; 10 IU sc) 48 h later. Ovaries were obtained from control rats (no PMSG), 24 h and 48 h after PMSG treatment and 2 h, 8 h, 12 h, 20 h or 6 days and 10 days after hCG injection (n = 3–5 rats/group). Rat ovaries were clearly devoid of brain NOS staining at any of the time points studied. In control ovaries, eNOS was detected in the theca cell layer, ovarian stroma, and on the surface of oocytes. During follicular development, eNOS staining was still expressed in the theca cell layer and was also present in mural granulosa cells. After ovulation, homogenous eNOS staining was observed within cells of the corpus luteum (CL). Western blots of ovarian homogenates demonstrated that during PMSG-induced follicle growth, eNOS levels increased by 2.5-fold relative to control rats (P < 0.05). eNOS levels were further increased 12 h and 20 h after hCG injection (5-fold and 7-fold, respectively, relative to control; P < 0.05). The greatest amount of eNOS was observed in ovaries 10 days after hCG injection (15-fold relative to control; P < 0.05). We also detected expression of iNOS in the ovary, but the pattern and cell-specific staining differed from that observed for eNOS. In immature ovaries and during follicular development, iNOS staining was found within the theca cell layer and stroma. After ovulation, iNOS staining was present only in the external layers of the developing CL, but in the degenerating CL (10 days post-hCG), strong staining in nonparenchymal cells was observed within the entire CL. Western blots showed no changes in levels of ovarian iNOS protein during follicular development, but a significant increase (6-fold relative to control; P < 0.05) was observed after an ovulatory dose of hCG. The highest level of iNOS was observed in ovaries 10 days after hCG injection (10-fold relative to control; P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that ovarian eNOS and iNOS show distinct cell-specific expression patterns and are differentially regulated during follicular and luteal development.