gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
학술UN의 정치적 기관에 의한 영토문제 해결 사례 연구 (2013)

최근 우리나라의 독도에 대해 일본이 영유권을 주장하면서 이 문제를 국제사법 재판소(ICJ)에 회부하자는 제안을 하였고, 우리 정부는 이를 거부하였다. 우리 정부가 동의하지 않는 한 독도문제가 국제사법재판소에서 다루어지지 않을 것이지만, UN의 주요 사법기관인 ICJ가 아닌 UN의 정치적 기관, 즉 총회나 안전보장이사회에서 독도문제가 다루어질 가능성은 존재한다. 예를 들어 UN총회나 안전보장이사회에서 독도문제를 다룰 가능성은 남아있다. 프랑스-마다가스카르간의 도서분쟁, 영국과 아르헨티나의 포클랜드섬 분쟁, 그리스와 터키간의 에게해 도서분쟁 등의 사례를 통해 볼 때 UN의 정치적 기관의 결정은 분쟁당사국을 법적으로 구속할 수 없었다. 그러나, UN의 정치적 기관의 결정이 법적 구속력을 가질 수 있는 두 가지 경우를 상정하여 볼 수 있다. 첫째는 UN안전보장이사회가 헌장 제7장상의 결의로서 구속력이 있는 결정(Decision)을 내리는 경우이다. 둘째는 UN총회가 민족자결권의 행사를 확인하는 결의를 채택하는 경우에는 그 결의가 법적 구속력을 가지게 된다. 우리나라, 서이리안, 기니-비사우, 동티모르, 벨리즈, 서부사하라, 나미비아의사례를 볼 때 UN의 정치적 기관의 결의는 특정영토 주민의 민족자결권의 행사와 결합된 경우에는 그 영토를 점유하고 있는 주민의 영유권을 확립시킬 수 있는 효력이 있다고 평가할 수 있다. 우리나라의 대처방안으로 첫째, 1954년 한미상호방위조약을 활용하여야 한다. 즉, 독도가 1954년 한미상호방위조약 제3조의 적용대상임을 명확히 밝히고 일본이 독도에 대한 무력위협이나 도발 시에 우리나라가 미국의 도움을 요청할 것임을 밝혀야 한다. 둘째, 우리나라가 국제형사재판소(ICC)규정의 침략범죄(crime of aggression)개정조항을 비준하여 일본의 독도에 대한 무력도발 가능성을 억지하여야 한다.
Nonselective inhibition of neutrophil functions by sphinganine. (1987)

Sphinganine has been proposed to be a specific inhibitor of protein kinase C. In the present study we have evaluated whether sphinganine is a convenient tool to probe for the role of protein kinase C in neutrophil function. Human neutrophils were loaded with the fluorescent probe quin2 and then tested in parallel for cytosolic free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, membrane potential changes, O2- production, and exocytosis of primary granules (containing beta-glucuronidase) in response to various stimuli. In addition to inhibiting O2- production and exocytosis in a dose-dependent manner, sphinganine also blocked formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced [Ca2+]i, transients. Furthermore, sphinganine inhibited exocytosis elicited by the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Although sphinganine blocked O2- production due to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, the most striking finding was that the drug rendered the cells leaky. Thus, at similar concentrations as those inhibiting cellular functions, sphinganine was shown to lead to cell permeabilization, as assessed by release of quin2 and cytoplasmic markers into the extracellular medium, and changes in plasma membrane potential. We conclude, therefore, that sphinganine does not appear to be a suitable compound for the evaluation of the involvement of protein kinase C in neutrophil activation.
A critical period for functional vestibular development in zebrafish (2001)

We have determined a critical period for vestibular development in zebrafish by using a bioreactor designed by NASA to simulate microgravity for cells in culture. A critical period is defined as the briefest period of time during development when stimulus deprivation results in long lasting or permanent sensory deficits. Zebrafish eggs were collected within 3 hours of being laid and fertilized. In experiment 1, eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 3, 24, 30, 36, 48, or 72 hours postfertilization (hPF) and maintained in the bioreactor until 96 hPF. In experiment 2, eggs were placed in the bioreactor immediately after they were collected and maintained in the bioreactor until 24, 36, 48, 60, 66, 72, or 96 hPF. Beginning at 96 hPF, all larvae had their vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) evaluated once each day for 5 days. Only larvae that hatched from eggs that were placed in the bioreactor before 30 hPF in experiment 1 or removed from the bioreactor later than 66 hPF in experiment 2 had VOR deficits that persisted for at least 5 days. These data suggest a critical period for vestibular development in the zebrafish that begins before 30 hPF and ends after 66 hPF. To confirm this, zebrafish eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 24 hPF and removed at 72 hPF. VORs were evaluated in these larvae once each day for 5 days beginning at 96 hPF. These larvae had VOR deficits that persisted for at least 5 days. In addition, larvae that had been maintained in the bioreactor from 24 to 66 hPF or from 30 to 72 hPF, had only temporary VOR deficits. In a final experiment, zebrafish eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 3 hPF and removed at 96 hPF but the bioreactor was turned off from 24 hPF to 72 hPF. These larvae had normal VORs when they were removed from the bioreactor at 96 hPF. Taken as a whole, these data support the idea that there is a critical period for functional maturation of the zebrafish vestibular system. The developmental period identified includes the timeframe during which the vestibular primary afferent neurons are born, innervate their central and peripheral targets, and remodel their central projections.
Compounding Polyurethanes (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompounding PolyurethanesR. J. Ferrari, J. W. Sinner, J. C. Bill, and W. F. BruckschCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1958, 50, 7, 1041–1044Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50583a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50583a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ultra compact reference ULE cavity (2014)

In this paper, we present a new Fabry-Perot cavity design that will be used as a compact reference. The mechanical and thermal simulations that led to the design of the cavity are described. The vacuum chamber and thermal shields around the cavity are also presented.
ANAPHYLAXIS AND ANAPMYLACTOID REACTIONS (1996)

Anaphylaxis is an acute fatal or potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction. Anaphylaxis represent a clinical diagnosis based on history and physical examination and includes symptoms of airway obstruction, generalized skin reactions, particularly flushing, itching, urticaria, angioedema cardiovascular symptoms including hypotension and gastrointestinal symptoms. These symptoms result from the action of mast cell mediators, especially histamine and lipid mediators such as leukotrienes and platelet activating factor on shock tissue. The shock tissue includes blood vessels, mucous glands, smooth muscle, and nerve endings. Anaphylaxis follows the typical immediate hypersensitivity time course, with a reaction beginning within minutes of antigen exposure. A late-phase reaction hours after the initial reaction may occur. Mast cell mediator release can be triggered by both IgE and non--IgE-mediated factors. Therefore, anaphylaxis may be termed anaphylaxis (IgE mediated) or anaphylactoid (non--IgE mediated). The most common IgE-mediated triggers are drugs, typically penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics, foods, most commonly nuts, peanuts, fish and shellfish, or hymenoptera stings. Non-IgE-mediated causes include factors causing marked complement activation such as plasma proteins or compounds which act directly on the mast cell membrane, such as vancomycin, quinolone antibiotics, or radiographic contrast media. The pathophysiology of some trigger factors, such as aspirin, remains unclear. Therapy of anaphylaxis revolves around patient education, avoidance, desensitization or pharmacologic pretreatment when agents causing anaphylaxis need to be readministered, and early recognition and prompt therapy of reactions should they occur.
A Philosophical Ground for Gays' Rights: "We Must Learn What is True In Order to Do What Is Right" (1993)

A major platform of gays' rights seems to be that gays are entitled to social and political rights because, in fact, they are not different from the heterosexual majority when one looks past the definitional criterion of sleeping with the same sex. Any other differences, they claim, are "myths" and do not exist. From this perspective, without investigating bedroom behavior, one could never tell who is gay and who is not: Gays are just like "regular" people, the line goes, so they should be treated like them. "The best hope for acceptance," writes one Ann Landers reader, "is to show the straights that we are not very different from them."\nThe mission to portray gays as indistinguishable from heterosexuals has attracted some social scientists who try to legitimize this political strategy by arguing that it accurately reflects our empirical knowledge. The present Article seeks to remove this legitimization by demonstrating that such attempts are not, in actuality, accurate depictions of the present state of knowledge. It will do this through a systematic dissection of an examplar of this type of argument. If the "no difference" stance is at variance with the known facts, then any political strategy that adopts it as a justification for legislative or judicial action is perpetrating a philosophical fraud.
Image Analysis for Specific Region Segmentation of Steel-tube Radiographic Images (2007)

This paper describes an image analysis for region segmentation from gray-scale images of steel-tube radiographic detection without the usual step of binarization. A multi-stage approach is presented for boundary detected images, along with industrial application. Global contrast analysis is used in first stage to give a preliminary result, boundary and range. The second stage is a lineal segmentation in which both pixel location and intensity similarity are taken into account. Next stage then refines the threshold value based on local differentiation. By applying the modified fuzzy c-means algorithm, the spatial partitioning of a lineal pixels' set into sub-regions becomes context-oriented and fully iterative, unlike conventional spacial process. Analyzing results indicate that the steeltube radiographic images can be segmented into specific regions, even though noise, illumination and presence of shadows.
Lysolecithin analogs as adjuvants in delayed‐type hypersensitivity in mice. I. Characterization of the adjuvant effect (1979)

The adjuvant activity of 5 different lysolecithin analogs (LLA) has been studied in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) using fowl gamma globulin, bovine serum albumin and the terpolymer L-glutamic acid 60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10(GAT), as antigens. Increased DTH responses, by factors of 1.8--2.0 in CBA and BALB/c mice, showed that LLA are immunopotentiators if given intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) together with the antigen. The concentration range, within which LLA are active, is limited to 10--20 micrograms/mouse s.c. and 100--300 micrograms/mouse i.p. Adjuvanticity was tested as a function of the LLA structure. The most pronounced immunopotentiation was obtained with racemic 1-octadecyl-2-methylglycero-3-phosphorylcholine (ET18-O-CH3). The LLA became less active with decreasing numbers of C atoms in the alkyl chain.
New aerobic oxidation of benzylic compounds: efficient catalysis by N-hydroxy-3,4,5,6-tetraphenylphthalimide (NHTPPI)/CuCl under mild conditions and low catalyst loadingElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b403004d/ (2004)

Efficient aerobic oxidation of benzylic compounds using NHTPPI, a new NHPI analogue, as a key catalyst combined with CuCl, have been achieved under mild conditions and using as little as 1 mol% catalyst.
Adaptive Language Independent Spell Checking using Intelligent Traverse on a Tree (2006)

This paper introduces an adaptive, language independent, and 'built-in error pattern free' spell checker. Proposed system suggests proper form of misspelled words using non deterministic traverse of 'ternary search tree' data structure. In other words the problem of spell checking is addressed by traverse a tree with variable weighted edges. The proposed system uses interaction with user to learn error pattern of media. In this way, system improves its suggestions as time goes by
Longman Tidal Formulas: Resolution of horizontal components (1973)

Formulas are presented to compute, without reference to tables, the north-south and east-west components of the tidal accelerations due to the moon and sun at any point on the earth's surface at any given time. These results supplement the formulas of Longman, which give the vertical and horizontal components due to each body but which do not give the azimuthal decomposition of the horizontal components.
Human Resource Management in Degree College Libraries of Meerut District (UP): A Survey (2013)

The present study was conducted on degree college libraries of Meerut district, UP to explore the extent of Human Resource Management (HRM) usually practiced by them. This study is an attempt to identify the present status of human resource management pattern along with services provided by college libraries of Meerut district, and some suggestions are recommended regarding the development of the library's human resource structure. The study is based on primary as well as secondary information. Data has been collected through a questionnaire and also on the basis of interview method. The finding of the study shows that the college library personnel are insufficient to maintain a modern library system as needed.
The Relationship Between Years of Schooling and the Forms of Social Capital: A Study Conducted in an Urban Area, Under Sylhet City (2012)

Education and social capital have great contribution to the development. The main endeavor of this article divulges the connection between individual’s years of schooling and their social networks, social norms, civic participation, cooperation and social trust as social capital. To find out the relationship between individual’s years of schooling and their social capital descriptive research design has been followed. Mix-method approach -- Social survey technique and Focused Group Discussion (FGD) -- has been applied for collecting data from study area. To analyze the collected data, Likert Scale, Human Development Index (HDI) and the Spearman’s rho correlation were calculated. Hypotheses have been formulated and tested in congruence with the objectives of the study. From the study, it is found that, positive relation exists between years of schooling and various components of social capital. It also signifies that, educated people have more social network and they maintain the social norms. On the contrary, they have low trust on their neighbors and are less cooperative to them too. It is also revealed, Social Networks Index is more superior over other elements of Social Capital i.e. 0.749 (social network) > 0.671 (social norms) > 0.658 (civic participation) > 0.584 (social Cooperation) > 0.425 (social trust). In conclusion, individual’s years of schooling influenced their social capital but variety of relation exists there because of the influence of others variable. Key words: Years of schooling; Social capital; Social networks; Social norms; Civic participation; Cooperation; Social trust
A New Correction Algorithm of the Eccentric Ultrasonovision Time Image in the Casing Hole (2014)

The ultrasonovision image caused by the tool eccentricity can often present two pieces of vertical black strips in the Casing Well. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a correction algorithm of time eccentricity image based on ellipse fitting algorithm. This algorithm firstly utilizes borehole diameter data to fit ellipse and compute ellipse’s center, major axis, minor axis and inclination angle and other parameters, and then uses these parameters to correct eccentrical ultrasonovision time image. The tested results show that the algorithm can accurately fit ellipse and correct the eccentrical ultrasonovision time image, which is very important practical significance on processing the well logging.
Observation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:math>-band final-state structures in gold by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (1975)

The availability of synchrotron radiation from storage rings makes possible a new technique for studying final-state structures in ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS). By synchronously varying the photoelectron kinetic energy and the photon energy, constant initial-state-energy spectra were obtained for Au in the spectral range $8<h\ensuremath{\nu}<30$ eV; these data complement previous UPS and x-ray photoemission spectroscopy data which have been used to elucidate the properties of electron states near the Fermi energy, ${E}_{F}$. Pronounced structures attributed to $d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}f$ transitions near the center of the Brillouin zone were observed for final-state energies about 16 eV above ${E}_{F}$. The amplitude of these structures is a sensitive function of initial-state energy. Although a complete band-structure interpretation was not attempted, the data support the relativistic band calculation of Christensen and Seraphin, which places the $f$-band edge, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, at 15.6 eV above ${E}_{F}$. Thermoreflectance data on Au near 20 eV are reinterpreted in the light of this finding.
Adaptive digital sunshade (2015)

Bright sunlight impairing the vision of a vehicle's driver is a problem every driver faces regularly. This paper describes an approach of how to solve this particular issue. Our goal is to design a system which reduces the blinding effects of bright sunlight to increase driving comfort and performance. A medium fidelity prototype, simulating incoming sunlight with a projector, darkening areas of the projection depending on the position of the user was built as part of our research. An initial user study shows that such a solution would be practical and convenient. However, an improvement of driving performance could not be observed.
A Low-Power Multiplier With the Spurious Power Suppression Technique (2007)

This paper provides the experience of applying an advanced version of our former spurious power suppression technique (SPST) on multipliers for high-speed and low-power purposes. To filter out the useless switching power, there are two approaches, i.e., using registers and using and gates, to assert the data signals of multipliers after the data transition. The SPST has been applied on both the modified Booth decoder and the compression tree of multipliers to enlarge the power reduction. The simulation results show that the SPST implementation with AND gates owns an extremely high flexibility on adjusting the data asserting time which not only facilitates the robustness of SPST but also leads to a 40% speed improvement. Adopting a 0.18-mum CMOS technology, the proposed SPST-equipped multiplier dissipates only 0.0121 mW per MHz in H.264 texture coding applications, and obtains a 40% power reduction.
Errata - The Present State of Organosilicon Chemistry (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleErrata - The Present State of Organosilicon ChemistryC. A. Burkhard, E. G. Rochow, H. S. Booth, and J. HarttCite this: Chem. Rev. 1947, 41, 2, 420Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1947Publication History Published online14 October 2004Published inissue 1 October 1947https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60129a600RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (40 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Overexpression of bacterial hemoglobin causes incorporation of pre-beta-lactamase into cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (1993)

The expression of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) in Escherichia coli JM101 (pRED2) causes the incorporation of the TEM beta-lactamase precursor into cytoplasmic inclusion bodies (IBs). Less pre-beta-lactamase is translocated and processed to its mature, periplasmic form in the strain coexpressing VHb than in the control strain E. coli JM101(pUC19) not expressing VHb. When cells are grown in a special fed-batch procedure, the formation of cytoplasmic IBs consisting of pre-beta-lactamase is also inducible in the control strain. Comparative microscopic and compositional analyses of IBs generated in E. coli JM101(pUC19) and JM101(pRED2) under identical growth conditions strongly suggest that pre-beta-lactamase and VHb coaggregate into common IBs in E. coli JM101 (pRED2).
The Choice of Suture Material for Skin Closure (1976)

Sutures must be chosen on the basis of known biologic properties of the wounds in which they are to be placed, the known interactions of the chosen suture material with tissues of wounds in particular sites, and the intended purpose of the suture material. The following paper concentrates on suture material used to approximate cutaneous wounds, and briefly, the wounds themselves.
Sliding-window filtering (2001)

We explore in this paper an effective sliding-window filtering (abbreviatedly as SWF) algorithm for incremental mining of association rules. In essence, by partitioning a transaction database into several partitions, algorithm SWF employs a filtering threshold in each partition to deal with the candidate itemset generation. Under SWF, the cumulative information of mining previous partitions is selectively carried over toward the generation of candidate itemsets for the subsequent partitions. Algorithm SWF not only significantly reduces I/O and CPU cost by the concepts of cumulative filtering and scan reduction techniques but also effectively controls memory utilization by the technique of sliding-window partition. Algorithm SWF is particularly powerful for efficient incremental mining for an ongoing time-variant transaction database. By utilizing proper scan reduction techniques, only one scan of the incremented dataset is needed by algorithm SWF. The I/O cost of SWF is, in orders of magnitude, smaller than those required by prior methods, thus resolving the performance bottleneck. Experimental studies are performed to evaluate performance of algorithm SWF. It is noted that the improvement achieved by algorithm SWF is even more prominent as the incremented portion of the dataset increases and also as the size of the database increases.
Using vertebral bone densitometry to determine aortic calcification in patients with chronic kidney disease (2010)

Despite limitations in CKD, DXA may be useful as lateral DXA images provide concurrent assessment of aortic calcification as well as lumbar spine BMD, both correlating significantly with CT measurements. Lateral DXA may provide VC screening to determine patients at greater CV risk although more studies are needed to evaluate their potential role.