gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in Development of a Control Model for a Tandem Hot Metal Strip Rolling Process (2009)

The tandem hot metal strip rolling process is a highly complex nonlinear system that presents a difficult control challenge. This challenge is exacerbated by the hostile hot metal rolling environment which precludes the location of sensors to measure variables that are important for control. In addition, the controller must have a structure that offers a high degree of physical intuition in the design process, plus the simplicity of tuning during commissioning by personnel who in general are unfamiliar with advanced process control techniques. Based on our previous work using a state-dependent Riccati equation technique for control of the tandem cold metal rolling process, it is considered that a similar method also might be useful as a basis for the development of a control technique for tandem hot strip rolling. For the hot rolling process, the development of a process model in a form that is suitable for use with a state-dependent Riccati equation-based method is a significant and challenging task. This paper describes our work to expand on an initial portion of this model to develop a comprehensive nonlinear model of this process. Based on simulation results, it is determined that the complete model has the potential to be useful in the development of a viable nonlinear control method which offers the likelihood for significant improvement in the control of the entire process.
REVERSAL OF DIABETES IN MICE BY XENOTRANSPLANTATION OF A BIOARTIFICIAL PANCREAS IN A PREVASCULARIZED SUBCUTANEOUS SITE1 (2002)

A successfully prevascularized subcutaneous site could be constructed by a tissue bioengineering approach. Xenotransplantation of the agarose/poly (styrene sulfonic acid) mixed gel-based bioartificial pancreas in the prevascularized subcutaneous site could reverse diabetes in mice.
A New Method of Quantitative Analysis for Estimation of Functional Groups on Carbon Fibers. (1992)

炭素繊維と大過剰のテトライソプロピルチタネートを反応させ, 表面にチタンアルコキシドを有する炭素繊維を得た. 得られた炭素繊維をアンモニア水で加水分解し, 生じるアルコールをガスクロマトグラフを用いて定量することにより, 反応したテトライソプロピルチタネート量を求め, これより炭素繊維表面官能基量を算出した. この結果は中和滴定による炭素繊維表面官能基の定量結果と一致し, 本法が炭素繊維表面官能基の新しい定量法となることを見いだした. この方法は, 従来法 (100時間) に比べて分析時間を短縮 (50時間) でき, また, 空気中の二酸化炭素の影響がないので, 炭素繊維表面官能基の定量法として有利である.
Analyzing the Concept of Components in the Brech&#x0F3;-VCM Approach through a Sociotechnical and Software Reuse Management Perspective (2010)

This paper analyzes the concept of components in Software Engineering (SE) through a sociotechnical approach. Based on a ranking of critical elements related to Component-Based SE, a study with experts concludes that components are potential assets in local and collaborative scenarios. This fact motivated an analysis of a value-based component market approach called Brechó-VCM considering its adherence to the Reuse Management Process, part of MPS Quality Model, in order to treat some critical elements in a reuse-based environment. The results reinforce that SE community needs to learn with the case of components aiming to understand SE as a sociotechnical construction.
Varicella‐Zoster Virus Glycoprotein gE: Endocytosis and Trafficking of the Fc Receptor (1998)

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes a functional cell membrane Fc receptor called glycoprotein gE. VZV gE resembles other mammalian cell membrane receptors, such as the mammalian Fc receptor. In further analyses by transient transfection, the cellular trafficking of VZV gE was compared to other cell surface receptors. VZV gE was shown to undergo endocytosis from the cell membrane when visualized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The endocytosis and trafficking pathway of VZV gE followed closely the pathway defined for the human transferrin receptor. Receptor-mediated endocytosis of VZV gE was dependent on a YAGL motif in its cytoplasmic tail. In addition, VZV gE underwent receptor-mediated endocytosis when it bound the Fc portion of immunoglobulin. Thus, this detailed study of VZV gE cellular trafficking has revealed potential roles for gE during viral infection.
83-W Single-Frequency Narrow-Linewidth MOPA Using Large-Core Erbium–Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber (2004)

We demonstrate a continuous-wave (CW) single-frequency narrow-linewidth laser at 1552 nm with an output power of 83 W using a master-oscillator power amplifier configuration. A seed from an all-fiber distributed feedback-laser with a linewidth of 13 kHz was polarization scrambled and boosted through a chain of amplifiers in an all-fiber configuration. The last amplification stage consisted of a highly efficient cladding-pumped large-core erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber which helped increase nonlinear thresholds.
Bindungsdelokalisierte Cyclobutenselenone (1976)

Selenorganische Verbindungen haben in jüngster Zeit vielfältiges Interesse gefunden. Jetzt gelang erstmals die Synthese von Cyclobutenen ( 1 ) mit delokalisiertem Bindungssystem, in das Selen als Substituent einbezogen ist. magnified image
Some Stable Hydromagnetic Equilibria (1958)

Hydromagnetic equilibria are obtained for a variety of situations which differ little from that of a zero pressure uniform axial magnetic field. Criteria for ascertaining the stability of these equilibria are found by means of an energy principle. In particular, if helically invariant fields are present, stable equilibria with nonzero pressure and net axial current can be found.
Modeling diversity reception over narrowband fixed wireless channels (1999)

A complete first-order statistical characterization of two-branch diversity reception over narrowband fixed wireless channels can be given in terms of just five channel parameters: the average path gains and Ricean K-factors for each branch and the complex envelope correlation coefficient between the time-varying parts of the two path gains. Propagation measurements collected in typical suburban environments have shown that each of these parameters, or its logarithm, is close to Gaussian. Accordingly, the set may be cast as a five-element vector of jointly random Gaussian processes which are completely specified by the means, standard variations, and mutual correlation coefficients of the five parameters.
Characterization and mutagenesis of the gene encoding the A49 subunit of RNA polymerase A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1992)

The gene encoding the 49-kDa subunit of RNA polymerase A in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been identified by formation of a hybrid enzyme between the S. cerevisiae A49 subunit and Saccharomyces douglasii subunits based on a polymorphism existing between the subunits of RNA polymerase A in these two species. The sequence of the gene reveals a basic protein with an unusually high lysine content, which may account for the affinity for DNA shown by the subunit. No appreciable homology with any polymerase subunits, enzymes, or transcription factors is found. Complete deletion of the single-copy RPA49 gene leads to viable but slowly growing colonies. Insertion of the HIS3 gene halfway into the RPA49 coding region results in synthesis of a truncated A49 subunit that is incorporated into the polymerase. The truncated and wild-type subunits compete equally for assembly in the heterozygous diploid, although the wild type is phenotypically dominant.
Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Characteristics of Recuperators with Oblique Wavy Walls (2004)

A series of direct numerical simulation in modeled counter-flow heat exchangers with oblique wavy walls is made toward optimal shape design of recuperators. The effects of oblique angles and amplitudes of the wavy walls are systematically examined, and the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics are investigated. The flow structures are drastically modified due to the counter-rotating streamwise vortices induced by the wavy walls. By using optimal oblique angles and amplitude of the wavy walls, significant heat transfer enhancement is achieved with relatively-small pressure loss penalty. When thermal coupling of hot and cold fluid passages is considered, the averaged Nusselt number can be larger than that for isothermal heated condition. This is due to the dissimilarity between the velocity and thermal fields near the top and bottom walls. It is also found that the secondary flow and the associated thermal fields strongly depend on the Reynolds number.
Parameterized Arabic font development for AlQalam (2007)

We present new approaches to Arabic font development for AlQalam. In order to achieve an output quality close to that of Arabic calligraphers, we try to model the pen nib and the way it is used to draw curves as closely to the ideal as possible using METAFONT. Parameterized fonts are also introduced for a more exible and dynamic combination of glyphs, to be used in forming ligatures and in drawing whole words as single entities. Quality will improve if words are created as single entities since the Arabic script is cursive. We compare our method to the basic binding of glyphs using simple box and glue mechanisms and also to currently existing font design technologies.
Measurement and Characterization of Acoustic Noise in Water Pipeline Channels (2019)

Measurement and characterization of acoustic noise in water pipeline systems across the 10 Hz to 100 kHz acoustic frequency band are reported in this paper. The motivation for the noise characterization is to support the development of acoustic signal processing and communication systems for water pipeline systems. Measurements are reported from an urban water supply system in the city of Christchurch, New Zealand, using hydrophones inserted into the pipelines. These measurements are some of the first that have been reported for an operational water supply system. In addition, for comparison to a controlled baseline reference, measurements have also been performed in a 160 m pipeline laboratory testbed at The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. A key finding is that the noise amplitude probability density function (PDF) is found to follow a heavy-tailed distribution and the α-stable distribution is proposed for its characterization. The resultant acoustic noise measurements have also been analyzed to determine their power spectral density (PSD) characteristics. The measured noise PSD is not flat and characteristic frequencies and power density levels are utilized to capture the features of the noise PSD. These findings could have a significant impact on the design of signal processing systems for water pipeline systems due to their deviation from the conventional added white Gaussian noise model. In addition, three different acoustic noise sources with individual power and distribution characteristics are also postulated. These postulated sources are used to propose a straightforward acoustic noise model for supporting the simulation of acoustic noise for signal processing system design in water pipelines.
Efficient Formal Total Synthesis of the Erythrina Alkaloid (+)-Erysotramidine, Using a Domino Process (2009)

A domino process consisting of an amidation, spirocyclization, and formation of an iminium ion and electrophilic aromatic substitution of a phenylethylamine and a ketoester leads to the spirocyclic skeleton of (+)-erysotramidine, which can be further transformed into the natural alkaloid.
Current Concepts Review - Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus (2013)

fractures of the shaft of the humerus are common injuries.Historically, the treatment of choice has been functional bracing.Recent technical advances such as angular stable plate and nail constructs lead to a shift in the treatment algorithm for this type of fracture.Surgical treatment is recommended in high grade open fractures, multilevel injury, polytrauma patients, nerve and serious vascular injuries, pathological fractures, and delayed or nonunions.This article aims to describe the published scientific data and current treatment modalities most suitable for each type of fracture.
Influence of Ambient Temperature on True Digestibility of Protein and Amino Acids of Rapeseed and Soybean Meals in Broilers (1993)

The effect of high ambient temperature (32 versus 21 C) between 4 and 6 wk of age on true digestibility of protein (TDP), amino acids (TDAA), and AME value of rapeseed and soybean meals was investigated in broilers. At 6 wk of age, 96 male and female birds were deprived of feed for 24 h and then force-fed with moistened diet (approximately 90 g). Excreta were collected during the two subsequent 24-h periods after force-feeding. The results of this experiment showed that the ambient temperature had no effect on AME values of the raw materials tested for both sexes of broilers. However, high ambient temperature significantly decreased (P < .001) AMEn values of the two rapeseed meals, which could be related to the nitrogen balance. Moreover, TDP and TDAA of two rapeseed and soybean meals tested in this experiment were decreased as the ambient temperature increased from 21 to 32 C. A 12% reduction in TDP value was observed with the rapeseed meals, whereas the diminution was only 5% with the soybean meal. Sex had no effect on TDP of the raw materials tested. However, for TDAA values, female birds appeared to be more sensitive to high ambient temperature than male chickens when fed rapeseed meals.
Theoretical and experimental investigations of three-terminal carbon nanotube relays (2005)

We present theoretical and experimental investigations of three-terminal nanoelectromechanical relays based on suspended carbon nanotubes. A charge is induced in the nanotube by applying a voltage to an underlying gate electrode thus inducing the nanotube to bend and make contact with a drain electrode. Such devices have potential applications as fast switches, logic devices, memory elements and pulse generators. We describe two modes of operation: a contact mode where the nanotube makes physical contact with the drain electrode and a non-contact mode where electrical contact between the nanotube and the drain electrode is made via a field emission current.
The fabrication of submicron hexagonal arrays using multiple-exposure optical interferometry (1996)

We report on the use of multiple-exposure optical interferometry combined with nonlinear development of photoresist to enable the fabrication of hexagonal arrays of dots. The capability of the technique is demonstrated by the fabrication of a hexagonal array of 50-nm-radius dots having a 300-nm periodicity.
Mgm101p Is a Novel Component of the Mitochondrial Nucleoid That Binds DNA and Is Required for the Repair of Oxidatively Damaged Mitochondrial DNA (1999)

Maintenance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) during cell division is required for progeny to be respiratory competent. Maintenance involves the replication, repair, assembly, segregation, and partitioning of the mitochondrial nucleoid. MGM101 has been identified as a gene essential for mtDNA maintenance in S. cerevisiae, but its role is unknown. Using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, we identified Mgm101p as a component of highly enriched nucleoids, suggesting that it plays a nucleoid-specific role in maintenance. Subcellular fractionation, indirect immunofluorescence and GFP tagging show that Mgm101p is exclusively associated with the mitochondrial nucleoid structure in cells. Furthermore, DNA affinity chromatography of nucleoid extracts indicates that Mgm101p binds to DNA, suggesting that its nucleoid localization is in part due to this activity. Phenotypic analysis of cells containing a temperature sensitive mgm101 allele suggests that Mgm101p is not involved in mtDNA packaging, segregation, partitioning or required for ongoing mtDNA replication. We examined Mgm101p's role in mtDNA repair. As compared with wild-type cells, mgm101 cells were more sensitive to mtDNA damage induced by UV irradiation and were hypersensitive to mtDNA damage induced by gamma rays and H2O2 treatment. Thus, we propose that Mgm101p performs an essential function in the repair of oxidatively damaged mtDNA that is required for the maintenance of the mitochondrial genome.
Development of the concept of pain in history (2011)

From Hippocratic medicine through the modern theory of Melzack and Wall, the concept and physiopathology of pain has been developed over the course of time, assuming in some instances a religious or philosophical view and in others a more scientific meaning. People have developed very different words to express pain. The Arabic language has hundreds of words to express pain, while European languages are more limited. Descartes, who first proposed a link between peripheral sensation and the brain, suggested that sensations stimulated in the body are conveyed directly to the brain, where they are actually perceived. The Cartesian model gave rise to the notion of a "hard-wired system." European physicians did their best to relieve their patients' pain, often through the judicious use of opium and, after 1680, laudanum, the mixture of opium in sherry introduced by Thomas Sydenham. In 1803, Sertürner discovered a substance from isolated crystals of a powerful analgesic agent, derived from crude opium, that he named morphine, after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams. The introduction of surgical anesthesia represented one of the most important advances of modern medicine, although initially it was not accepted by the medical community, for ethical reasons.
Thermal expansion near a critical solution point (1975)

We report precise measurements of the density as a function of temperature in the one-phase region near the consolute point in nitroethane + 3-methylpentane. We find evidence of the critical anomaly in the thermal expansion, but are not able to determine a unique value for the critical exponent α. We have performed computer experiments to determine under what conditions α could be extracted from thermal expansion data.
T2-based temperature monitoring in abdominal fat during MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment of patients with uterine fibroids (2015)

Our results demonstrate the feasibility and importance of monitoring near-field heating in fatty tissues. The implementation of near-field monitoring between sonications can shorten treatments by reducing the cooling time. It can help improve safety by avoiding excessive heating in the near field.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF N,N′‐CARBONYLDIIMIDAZOLE AND N,N′‐THIONYLDIIMIDAZOLE WITH CARBONYL COMPOUNDS. A NEW IMIDAZOLE TRANSFER REACTION (1980)

Abstract Die Ketone (I) reagieren mit Carbonyl‐ und Thionyl‐diimidazol (IIa) und (IIb) zu den Folgeprodukten (III) und (IV), deren Anteile je nach Bedingungen und Ausgangsmaterial bestimmt werden.
Two Cases of Decreased 123I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Lung Uptake in Metaiodobenzylguanidine Scintigraphy While Taking Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor/Serotonin Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor (2020)

123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy is used to differentiate Lewy body disease from other neurodegenerative disorders. We identified 2 cases with remarkably changed pulmonary uptake between 2 metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphies; pulmonary uptake was reduced when patients were taking selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor/serotonin noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor and preserved during the medication-naive or withdrawal state, suggesting that pulmonary uptake involves not only the noradrenaline transporter, but also the serotonin transporter. Pulmonary accumulation may affect the heart-to-mediastinum ratio as the region of interest on the planner image is usually placed on the heart and includes part of the lung. Therefore, we should pay attention to the medication state of patients with decreased pulmonary uptake.
Quantum oscillations in the surface excitations of ultrathin Mg(0001) films (2014)

Using reflection electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), we unveil a direct correlation between the thickness-dependent oscillatory charge spilling of quantum-well states in epitaxial Mg(0001) films, and the linear dispersion coefficient of the monopole surface plasmon mode. In addition, the spectral intensities of the photoemission threshold excitation and multipole surface plasmon mode follow a similar but mutually anticorrelated quantum oscillatory pattern. These oscillatory features of the collective response are attributed to quantum oscillations in the ground-state charge-density profile, specifically its decay into the vacuum. Because the decay lengths can be controlled through the quantum-size effects and appropriate choice of the quantum-size boundary conditions, these insights are expected to be significant in the design of quantum-sized plasmonic devices.
Semifield study on prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin by intermittent medication against Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs. (1988)

Prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin by monthly interval medication against Dirofilaria immitis natural infection was evaluated. Thirty five mongrel dogs were used and divided into three groups of Group A, B and C in this study. All dogs were exposed to D. immitis natural infection through mosquitos for three months from July 1 to September 30 in 1984. Dogs of Group A and B were experimentally inoculated three times with every 10 of infective larvae of D. immitis, 30 of the larvae in total, per dog in July and August. Fifteen dogs of Group A were orally given ivermectin at 6 μg/kg on the first days of August, September, October and November. Fifteen dogs of Group B were given placebo on the same days as ivermectin. Five dogs of Group C were kept nontreated. Average 49.1 worms were recovered from all dogs of Group B, and the average recovery ratio of the worms recovered for the infective larvae inoculated was 163.7%. Average 33.6 worms were recovered from all dogs of Group C. The recovery numbers of Group B and C suggest that severe D. immitis natural infection occurred to dogs in this study. No worms were recovered from dogs of Group A which were given ivermectin. The results of this study showed that ivermectin prevented migration of the larvae to the right ventricle, and caused no toxic findings in this study. It is proven that monthly interval medication of ivermectin at 6 μg/kg during the period from one month after the first infection to one month after the last infection of D. immitis prevents dogs from D. immitis infection completely.
Abstract 37: Genetic Profile and Modifiers of Transient Cardiomyopathy from Tamoxifen-Induced Cardiomyocyte Expression of Mutated Estrogen Receptor-Cre Fusion Protein (2012)

The Myh6-MerCreMer (MCM) transgenic mouse is used to conditionally augment or reduce targeted gene expression in cardiomyocytes in vivo. Studies report transient cardiomyopathy upon tamoxifen exposure in the MCM mouse itself; however, this varies among investigators despite their using seemingly similar protocols and mouse strain. To better understand this model and apparent variable response, we studied the transcriptome-function relationship during the initial days of tamoxifen therapy, and tested if a genetic background involving gene deletion for nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (Nnt) found in C57BL/6J (common strain in MCM studies) influences the severity of transient cardiac dysfunction. MCM +/- mice (pure C57BL/6J, all Nnt -/- ) received intra-peritoneal injections of tamoxifen (40 mg/kg/day for 5 days). LV function remained normal until Day 2 after tamoxifen, yet qtPCR and microarray analysis in MCM +/- mice revealed markedly reduced expression of metabolic and calcium handling genes ( Pgc1a, Pgc1b, Plb, Atp2a2 ) and upregulation of sarcomere protein skeletal isoforms by Day 2. This transcriptome subsequently evolved to one typical of cardiomyopathy (initial highlighted metabolic/Ca 2+ genes remaining low) that correlated with LV dysfunction. Purchased MCM +/+ mice (sv129xC57BL/6J) were Nnt heterozygotes. After 7-10 days following tamoxifen dosing, offspring lacking Nnt developed worse cardiodepression than those with at least one Nnt allele. The MCM mouse exhibits marked changes in transcription profile 2 days after tamoxifen suggesting potential causal mechanisms for subsequent cardiomyopathy. The severity of dysfunction is influenced by background genetics in part related to Nnt.