gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigations of optical properties and photo-alignment in bistable nematic liquid crystal displays (2005)

In recent years portable electronic devices, such as mobile phones and personal digital assistants, have increased the demand for high performance displays with low power consumption. An interesting candidate with the potential of fulfilling these demands is the reflective single-polarizer surface controlled bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display. The main focus of this work involves the optical properties of displays based on these bistable structures. In the investigations, the display is considered as an integrated optical system, containing not only the liquid crystal cell, but also components such as polarizers and retardation films. The specific aim of the thesis was to derive new optical modes of the reflective single-polarizer bistable twisted nematic device using the Jones matrix method to study the interaction between the polarization of light and the optically anisotropic media. The electro-optical properties of the derived modes have been studied and evaluated both theoretically and experimentally. The modes possess excellent brightness and high contrast ratio. By introducing a quarter-wave retardation film into the optical configuration, the contrast ratio can be significantly increased by preventing spectral leakage of light in the dark state. To experimentally realize the derived optical modes, special layers for the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules on the cell substrate surface have been proved needed. Therefore, also the photo-alignment technology of nematic liquid crystals on novel alignment materials has been studied with the aim to control liquid crystal cell parameters such as pretilt angle and anchoring energy, both critical for the bistable switching. The results of this thesis will increase the understanding of the optical properties of the reflective single-polarizer bistable twisted nematic liquid crystal display and will be valuable when considering this type of device for practical applications.
Enhanced moisture protection of electronic devices by ultra-thin polyimide films (1990)

Thin films of polyimide which exhibit enhanced resistance to moisture have been fabricated using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. LB films are ultrathin organic coatings of thicknesses ranging from tens of angstroms to a micrometer, characterized by high molecular density and a high degree of structural order. The adhesion strength of both LB and spin-coated films of several different polyimides, deposited on fused silica, has been measured by subjecting these films to steam or water, followed by a tape test, and monitoring changes in their UV spectra. The results demonstrate that LB films of polyimide adhere better to fused silica than the spin-coated films. In addition, measurements of water vapor transmission rate through Kapton sheet coated by a monolayer of any of the polyimides show that a monolayer forms a moisture barrier, decreasing the water vapor transmission through the Kapton. Based on these results, the electrical performance of polyimide films has been tested at 85 degrees C, 85% humidity, by measuring leakage current between conducting paths under 180-V bias, on samples which are coated with various combinations of LB and spin-coated polyimide films. Composite films of polyimide consisting of an LB monolayer either underneath or on top of a thick, spin-coated film exhibit superior electrical performance to either a spin-coated or LB film by itself. This may be explained by the improved adhesion and/or decreased water permeability of polyimide LB films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical properties of a modified 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel for pressure vessel applications. [V-Ti-B-modified] (1983)

Tensile and creep properties were determined on a V-Ti-B-modified 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel considered to be a candidate alloy for pressure vessel aplications for coal liquefaction. The modified 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel had about 0.2% V added for improved elevated-temperature strength and 0.02% Ti for grain refinement. Boron was added to improve the hardenability, thus allowing thicker sections to be quenched and normalized to completely bainitic microstructures. Lower carbon and silicon concentrations were used (approx. 0.1% C and 0.02% Si) than in standard 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel. The mechanical properties determined on the modified steel after a heat treatment typical for SA-387, grade 22, class 2, indicated high toughness and excellent elecated-temperature tensile and creep strength. The modified steel had substantially better stress-rupture properties than did a standard 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel (both with bainitic microstructures) with equivalent tensile properties - especially at the lowest stresses and highest temperatures. The modified steel had toughness properties superior to those of the standard 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel. Comparative transmission electron microscopy studies of the standard and modified 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steels indicated that the differences involve the carbide precipitates and the dislocation substructures present in the steels.
Fabrication and Characterization of InP-Based Quantum Cascade Distributed Feedback Lasers with Inductively Coupled Plasma Etched Lateral Gratings (2007)

Fabrication and Characterization of InP-Based Quantum Cascade Distributed Feedback Lasers with Inductively Coupled Plasma Etched Lateral Gratings, Kennedy, Kenneth, Revin, Dmitry G., Krysa, Andrey B., Groom, Kristian M., Wilson, Luke R., Cockburn, John W., Hogg, Richard A.
TIME COURSE OF A 40 HOUR FAST ON PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVATION AND KINASE EXPRESSION IN HUMAN SKELETAL MUSCLE (2001)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity controls the entry of carbohydrate into the tricarboxylic cycle and is regulated by PDH kinase (PDK) which phosphorylates and inactivates the enzyme and PDH phosphatase which removes phosphate and returns the enzyme to its active from (PDHa). These enzymes are acutely controlled by allosteric regulators and over the longer term by changes in the stable activity of PDK. This study was designed to examine the effects of fasting on the gene expression of the four PDK isozymes (1–4) and resting PDHa activity. Seven healthy adults fasted for 40 hr after a standard meal (25% fat, 60% carbohydrate, 15% protein) with blood and muscles samples taken at 3, 15, and 40 hr post meal. Fasting increased plasma free fatty acid, glycerol and β-hydroxybutyrate and decreased glucose and insulin concentrations. PDHa activity decreased from 0.91 ± 0.14 mmol acetyl-CoA/min/kg wet muscle at 3 hr to 0.55 ± 0.11 and 0.36 ± 0.06 mmol/min/kg wm following 15 and 40 hr of fasting. PDK2 and 4 mRNA were the most abundant isoforms in human skeletal muscle. PDK2 was unaffected by the 40 hr fast. PDK4 was also unaffected after 15 hr, but increased 13-fold after 40 hr of fasting. The abundance of PDK1 and 3 mRNA was ∼200 and 300 fold lower than PDK2, respectively, and not affected by fasting. The results suggest that the decreased PDHa activity following 15 hr of fasting was due to allosteric regulation and independent of gene expression. The decreasing insulin concentration may have reduced the activation of PDH phosphatase and caused the lower PDHa activity. Following 40 hr of fasting, the large increase in PDK4 mRNA expression suggested that a stable increase in PDK activity had occurred, which also contributed to the low PDHa activity in resting human skeletal muscle.
ChemInform Abstract: COORDINATION CHEMISTRY OF HIGHER OXIDATION STATES. PART 15. COBALT(III) COMPLEXES OF BI‐ AND MULTI‐DENTATE PHENYLPHOSPHINES (1985)

Abstract Die Titelkomplexe (I)‐( IV) . wurden durch Halogenoxidation der Co(Il)‐Analogen mit 50‐80°C /o Ausb. dargestellt und durch IR‐, Elektronen‐ und 31 P‐NMR‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert.
NMR spectral analysis of 1,3,2‐dithiaphosphorinanes and 1,3‐dithianes (1975)

Abstract The full set of NMR spectral parameters ( 1 H, 13 C, 31 P) are reported for 2‐phenyl‐1,3,2‐dithiaphosphorinane and 2‐phenyl‐1,3‐dithiane. The stereochemical dependence of the coupling constants is discussed.
On the usage of differential evolution for function optimization (2002)

Differential evolution (DE) has recently proven to be an efficient method for optimizing real-valued multi-modal objective functions. Besides its good convergence properties and suitability for parallelization, DE's main assets are its conceptual simplicity and ease of use. This paper describes several variants of DE and elaborates on the choice of DE's control parameters, which corresponds to the application of fuzzy rules. Finally, the design of a howling removal unit with DE is described to provide a real-world example for DE's applicability.
Bottom-Up Forces Drive Increases in the Abundance of Large Daphnids in Four Small Lakes Stocked with Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Interior British Columbia, Canada (2019)

Abstract The introduction of salmonids into lakes of western North America for sport fishing is a widespread phenomenon. While numerous investigations have documented cascading trophic interactions upon the introduction of fish into naturally fishless systems, little research has been done to investigate the importance of natural fish status (fishless vs. fish bearing) in modulating historical food web response to dual forcing by bottom-up (resource regulation from nutrients) and top-down (planktivory from stocked fish) processes. We used the paleolimnological record to reconstruct food web changes in four lakes in interior British Columbia that have been stocked with rainbow trout since the early to mid-1900s. Analysis of pigments, diatoms, and Cladocera was undertaken in cores from all lakes. We predicted that if fish were important in structuring cladoceran abundance and composition, we would document a decline in the abundance of large daphnids post-stocking in our two naturally fishless lakes, and little change in the two fish-bearing lakes. Instead, we documented increased abundance of large daphnids after stocking in all lakes in the early to mid-1900s, a finding inconsistent with size-selective predation from planktivorous fish. Further, our data suggest that deep, low-oxygen refugia may be important in sustaining populations of large Daphnia , a process which was enhanced by increased nutrients and lake production according to sub-fossil diatom and pigment analyses. This study shows that fish stocking does not invariably result in a decrease in large-bodied Cladocera and that nutrients and lake type can modulate the response of invertebrate planktivores.
NMR metabolic profiling of Greek Pistacia lentiscus leaves and fruit extracts for the identification of biomarkers with skin beneficial effects (2019)

The healing properties of Mastic resin are well-known in the Mediterranean basin for more than 2500 years. Nowadays, the resin, a PDO product, has been well-studied and showed antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and other activities [1]. However, the fruit and leaves of Pistacia lentiscus L. shrub from Chios have not been thoroughly investigated and additionally, they are discarded as considered by-products of the mastic tree cultivation.
Transcription apparatus of the yeast killer DNA plasmids: Architecture, function, and evolutionary origin (2018)

ABSTRACT Transcription of extrachromosomal elements such as organelles, viruses, and plasmids is dependent on cellular RNA polymerase (RNAP) or intrinsic RNAP encoded by these elements. The yeast Kluyveromyces lactis contains killer DNA plasmids that bear putative non-canonical RNAP genes. Here, we describe the architecture and evolutionary origin of this transcription machinery. We show that the two RNAP subunits interact in vivo , and this complex interacts with another two plasmid-encoded proteins - the mRNA capping enzyme, and a putative helicase which interacts with plasmid-specific DNA. Further, we identify a promoter element that causes 5’ polyadenylation of plasmid-specific transcripts via RNAP slippage during transcription initiation, and structural elements that precede the termination sites. As a result, we present a first model of the yeast killer plasmid transcription initiation and intrinsic termination. Finally, we demonstrate that plasmid RNAP and its promoters display high similarity to poxviral RNAP and promoters of early poxviral genes, respectively.
Mechanical and Gas Barrier Properties of Nylon 6/Clay Nanocomposite Blown Films (2012)

Nylon 6/clay nanocomposite films were prepared by melt mixing nylon 6 with organoclay using a twin screw extruder attached to a blown film die. The type of surfactant used in the pretreatment of organoclay was expected to affect the degree of clay dispersion, which would in turn affect the degree of crystallinity, crystalline phase and bulk properties of the polymer composite. Two different surfactants used to treat the surface of montmorillonite clay were trimethyl tallow quaternary ammonium chloride (M3T, a singlechain surfactant) and dimethyl bis (hydrogenated-tallow) ammonium chloride (M2(HT)2, a double-chain surfactant). The addition of the resulting organoclay into nylon 6 was found to enhance the formation of -phase and increase the degree of crystallinity and crystallization temperature of the nylon 6. In fact nanocomposite films containing the single-chain surfactant showed a higher degree of clay dispersion in nylon 6 matrix, up to 148 % higher stiffness and up to 100% lower oxygen permeability than those films containing the corresponding double-chain surfactant at the same inorganic loadings investigated. As expected, the nanocomposite films exhibited 58% higher stiffness in the machine direction than the transverse direction.
Low IGF-I in synovial fluid and serum in patients with aseptic prosthesis loosening (2005)

Low levels of IGF-I in synovial fluid possibly result from low serum levels and may be a mechanism leading to aseptic prosthesis loosening.
Electrospray mass spectrometric studies of the rhenium hydroxy and methoxy carbonyl complexes [Re2(μ-OR)3(CO)6]− (R = H, Me) (1998)

Exchange reactions of [Re2(µ-OR)3(CO)6]– (R = H, Me) with alcohols and phenol have been established by electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS); dehydration of [Re2(µ-OH)3(CO)6]– and the β-hydride elimination reaction of [Re2(µ-OMe)3(CO)6]– have also been observed under ESMS conditions.
Analysis of a broadband dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber Raman amplifier (2006)

Using an accurate full-vectorial finite element method, a realistic model of a fabricated dispersion compensating photonic crystal fiber is analyzed. An almost flat Raman-gain spectrum (gain-ripples at just plusmn0.48-dB) is obtained using a single pump.
Liquid crystal display system for spot welding current waveform and its amplitude-frequency diagram (2010)

In order to on-line detect the diameter of the spot-welded nugget through the spectrum of the welding current,a liquid crystal displayer(LCD) system was developed to screen the welding current and its spectrum after fast fourier transformation(FFT).The digital signal processor(DSP) TMS320LF2407A and LCD TFTs6448b are indirectly interfaced to realize the data exchange with the same baud rate.Assembly language based program was embedded inside the C program to guarantee the real-time implementation of FFT.Experiments on spot weld of the mild steel with AC welding machine are pursued for the on-line status detection.The feasibility of the above displaying system in sample current collection,carrying out FFT,and displaying the waveform and its spectrum are validated.
Arteriovenous Fistula (1988)

We describe a very unusual complication of venipuncture: an arteriovenous fistula between the brachial artery and median cubital vein. The clinical presentation and treatment of arteriovenous fistulas and methods of preventing this complication are reviewed.
Chemical ecology, ecosystem tipping points, and the death spiral of coral reefs (2014)

Coral reefs are in precipitous global decline. In the last 3 – 4 decades, coral cover has declined by 80% throughout the Caribbean and 50% throughout the tropical Pacific, with seaweeds commonly replacing corals. Much of the decline and lack of recovery can be attributed to alterations in fundamental biotic interactions that are mediated via bioactive secondary metabolites. Experiments on Fijian reefs demonstrate that herbivory by specific mixes of herbivorous fishes is critical for suppressing chemically-rich seaweeds that damage corals on contact via allelopathic lipids on their surfaces. Of equal importance is how coral and fish larvae respond to chemical cues from overfished areas dominated by seaweeds versus no-take marine protected areas (MPAs) dominated by corals. Recruiting fishes and corals chemically sense and are attracted to coral dominated areas protected from fishing while being chemically repulsed by seaweed dominated areas that are overfished. Attraction and repulsion are cued by odors from specific corals and seaweeds that best predict reef quality. Both recruiting fishes and coral larvae refused to settle in overfished, seaweed dominated areas, but recruited readily to immediately adjacent reefs where fishing was banned and corals dominated. These chemically-cued behaviors can close the open nature of marine populations, suppress larval export from coral dominated marine protected areas to degraded reefs, and prevent recovery of coral and fish populations once reefs degrade and become dominated by seaweeds.
Phase II trial of AZD1775 in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel in stage IV squamous cell lung cancer (sqNSCLC): Preliminary results. (2017)

e20672 Background: WEE1, a dual serine/threonine and tyrosine kinase involved in regulation of the G2/M cell cycle checkpoint, is an essential component for proper DNA damage response. In combination with platinum agents, the inhibition of WEE1 is expected to lead to unstable DNA replication structures, inability to repair DNA damage, loss of G2/M arrest and ultimately mitotic catastrophe. In NSCLC cell lines, we previously demonstrated that cisplatin exhibited enhanced effects in combination with AZD1775 (a WEE1 inhibitor). This trial tests AZD1775 combined with a platinum doublet in patients with sqNSCLC. Methods: In this single-arm phase II trial, patients with stage IV sqNSCLC receive intravenous (IV) carboplatin AUC 5, IV paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 , and oral AZD1775 225 mg twice/day for 2.5 days every 21 days for 4-6 cycles followed by maintenance AZD1775 at the same doses. Antiemetics prior to each dose of AZD1775 are mandatory. The primary endpoint is response rate per RECIST v1.1, with overall and progression-free survival as secondary endpoints. Archival tissue specimens are collected for correlative analyses of p53, PAXIP1, and WEE1. Results: Interim analysis of the 15 patients [3/15 (20%) female] enrolled through 11/2016 show 14/15 (93%) were ECOG 1, and 1/9/5 (7%/60%/33%) were never/former/current smokers. The most frequent adverse events of any grade were diarrhea (53%), nausea (40%), and vomiting (33%). The 2 most common grade 3-4 adverse events were neutropenia (13%) and fatigue (20%). No patients required treatment discontinuation due to toxicity. Of the 10 patients evaluable for response, 3 (30%) had confirmed partial responses (PR), 1 (10%) had unconfirmed PR, 5 (50%) had stable disease (SD), and 1 (10%) had progressive disease for a disease control rate of 90%. In those with SD, tumors regressed by -15%, -22%, -23%, -26% and -28% at first scan. Conclusions: AZD1775 combined with carboplatin and paclitaxel is tolerable and demonstrates promising activity in advanced sqNSCLC patients. Nausea and vomiting are manageable with antiemetics. The study continues to enroll. Correlative biomarker analyses of the tissue are planned. More mature data will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT02513563.
Recognition and Treatment of Refractory Posterior Capsular Contracture of the Shoulder (2000)

Limitation of internal rotation has been reported in conjunction with impingement syndrome of the shoulder. A group of 9 patients was identified who had discrete, painful loss of internal rotation associated with refractory impingement syndrome. The duration of symptoms averaged 18 months (range, 11 to 33 months), and all patients failed a course of physical therapy specifically addressing loss of internal rotation. Six patients reported traction as the mechanism of injury, and 3 developed motion loss and pain following a posterior capsular shift procedure. All patients underwent arthroscopy, and were observed to have a thickened posterior capsule. An arthroscopic release of the posterior capsule improved motion in all patients, with substantial relief of pain. At an average of 19 months follow-up (range, 11 to 35 months), internal rotation in 90 degrees of abduction improved from 10 degrees preoperatively to 47 degrees postoperatively, and there were no complications related to the procedure. We conclude that chronic loss of internal rotation secondary to posterior capsular contracture may be an explanation for refractory pain in some patients with an initial diagnosis of impingement syndrome. This condition appears to be amenable to arthroscopic posterior capsular release.
<title>Gas Research Institute's research and development program on in-line inspection of natural gas pipelines</title> (1995)

The Gas Research Institute (GRI) has been supporting a comprehensive research and development program on in-line inspection techniques for natural gas transmission pipelines. This program contains assessments of state-of-the-art nondestructive evaluation methods, improvements in current approaches, and developments of advanced inspection technologies. The elements of the GRI Nondestructive Evaluation Program range from laboratory evaluations of the capabilities of inspection technologies to large-scale measurements in simulated pipeline settings. Each level of research stresses a quantification of both the limits of detection and the accuracy of characterization of pipeline imperfections that are found by in- line inspection tools. The overall goal of GRI's Nondestructive Evaluation Program is to develop and improve technologies that will help gas pipeline companies maintain the physical integrity of their transmission systems, prevent pipeline shutdowns, and reduce maintenance costs. This paper summarizes the results of the GRI program to date in relationship to their direct application to in-line inspection of gas transmission pipelines. The program consists of three main elements: facilities development, research on current inspection technologies, and research on future inspection technologies. The facilities development is centered around the Pipeline Simulation Facility; the research on current inspection technologies is aimed at improving magnetic flux leakage analyses; and the research on future inspection technologies is centered on stress-corrosion crack detection and characterization.