gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role for cytokines in early pregnancy. (1994)

Cytokines are expressed in a variety of cell types of the reproductive system, although in most instances their functions are not understood. There are, however, a few instances where a role in early pregnancy has been established. First, preimplantation conceptuses of ruminant ungulate species, such as cattle, sheep and goat, secrete a unique Type I interferon (IFN-tau). By mechanisms that are still unclear, IFN-tau prevents the destruction of the corpus luteum and hence ensures the continued production of progesterone which is essential for continuation of pregnancy. Most like the IFN-tau prevent lutcolysis by modulating the output of a luteolytic hormone, prostaglandin F2 alpha, from the uterus. Depsite this involvement in pregnancy, the IFN-tau possess similar antiproliferative and antiviral activities to other Type I IFN, 1 lambda e.g. IFN-alpha. There are 4-5 genes for IFN-tau in sheep and cattle whose promotor regions are highly conserved and distinct from those of other Type I IFN. These genens are not virally inducible and are expressed only in the trophectoderm (outer epithelium of the developing placenta) from the time of blastocyst hatching to implantation. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a multi-functional cytokine which is expressed by uterine endometrium of pregnant mice around day 4 of pregnancy. Female mice lacking a functional LIF gene are fertile but their blastocysts fail to implant, strongly implicating the cytokine in maternal control of implantation. Colony stimulating factors (CSF) are a family of proteins (GM-CSF, CSF-1, G-CSF, and IL-3) that stimulate the cellular proliferation and induction of terminal differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells. CSF-1 is expressed in the uterine endometrium of the mouse and human during early pregnancy and its receptor, fms, is present on trophoblast. The osteopetrotic mouse, which represents a natural "knockout" of the CSF-1 gene, exhibits a low rate of fetal implantation and poor fetal viability. It seems likely that CSF-1 expression by the uterus influences growth and differentiation of the placenta. Although different species may utilize different strategies for ensuring developmental and endocrinological coordination between the embryo and the mother, these three examples illustrate that cytokines are likely to be major participants as autocrine factors that direct the events of early pregnancy and not simply as modulators of the maternal immune system.
A Non-random Disaggregation of Intact Skin Collagen (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Non-random Disaggregation of Intact Skin CollagenArthur Veis and Jerome CohenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 24, 6238–6244Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01605a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01605a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Converging Human and Malaria Vector Diagnostics with Data Management towards an Integrated Holistic One Health Approach (2018)

Monitoring malaria prevalence in humans, as well as vector populations, for the presence of <i>Plasmodium</i>, is an integral component of effective malaria control, and eventually, elimination. In the field of human diagnostics, a major challenge is the ability to define, precisely, the causative agent of fever, thereby differentiating among several candidate (also non-malaria) febrile diseases. This requires genetic-based pathogen identification and multiplexed analysis, which, in combination, are hardly provided by the current gold standard diagnostic tools. In the field of vectors, an essential component of control programs is the detection of <i>Plasmodium</i> species within its mosquito vectors, particularly in the salivary glands, where the infective sporozoites reside. In addition, the identification of species composition and insecticide resistance alleles within vector populations is a primary task in routine monitoring activities, aiming to support control efforts. In this context, the use of converging diagnostics is highly desirable for providing comprehensive information, including differential fever diagnosis in humans, and mosquito species composition, infection status, and resistance to insecticides of vectors. Nevertheless, the two fields of human diagnostics and vector control are rarely combined, both at the diagnostic and at the data management end, resulting in fragmented data and mis- or non-communication between various stakeholders. To this direction, molecular technologies, their integration in automated platforms, and the co-assessment of data from multiple diagnostic sources through information and communication technologies are possible pathways towards a unified human vector approach.
[(.eta.5-Cyclopentadienyl)(.eta.-thiophene)ruthenium]+ as a model for the adsorption and deuterium exchange of thiophenes on hydrodesulfurization catalysts (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT[(.eta.5-Cyclopentadienyl)(.eta.-thiophene)ruthenium]+ as a model for the adsorption and deuterium exchange of thiophenes on hydrodesulfurization catalystsNancy N. Sauer and Robert J. AngeliciCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 6, 1146–1150Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00149a002https://doi.org/10.1021/om00149a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fiber Optical Bragg Grating Refractometer (1998)

Abstract We have demonstrated an evanescent field refractive indexfiber sensor comprising a 42-mm Bragg grating in an etched fiber together with a tunable Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) laser. Characterization of different aqueous sucrose solutions resulted in a resolution of roughly 10 mM sucrose. The sensor in the presented form has a theoretical sensitivity of higher than 10 5 refractive index unit (riu) in a refractive index region close to the cladding index of the fiber. However, the technique allows for an even higher sensitivity than 10 6 riu with a proper signal processing scheme. Keywords: Bragg Gratings Evanescent Field Sensing Fiber Optical Sensors Refractive Index Tunable Lasers
Neuroendocrinology (1963)

A THREAD of neuroendocrine theory runs through much of the history of medical science: emotional states were once identified with the Galenic humors, choler, bile and phlegm; Vesalius viewed the third ventricle, infundibulum ("funnel") of the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland as the pathway by which animal spirits drained to form nasal mucus ("pituita"); and the Cartesian interpretation of the mind-body problem centered upon a pineal soul. These early speculations provide a literary if not rigorous approach to the subject. Modern views of neuroendocrine relations had to await modern ideas of endocrine function dominated by the pituitary gland as "conductor . . .
An Improved Medical Ultrasonic Imaging System for Scanning Peripheral Anatomy (1981)

An Improved Ultrasonic B-scan/Doppler system has been developed for the noninvasive assessment of atherosclerotic arterial disease. Very high-resolution cross-sectional images of anatomic structures are produced by the 10-MHz B-scan subsystem. Instantaneous profiles of blood flow velocity as a function of position are produced by a bidirectional 16-channel pulsed-Doppler subsystem, operating at 5 MHz. Flow profiles are superimposed on the B-scan image, allowing simultaneous evaluation of anatomic structure and blood flow dynamics. Images of the carotid artery, thyroid gland, testicle, and eye are presented to demonstrate the diagnostic potential for imaging peripheral anatomy.
Communication Systems in the Body (2018)

The second edition of this popular introductory undergraduate textbook uses examples, applications, and profiles of biomedical engineers to show students the relevance of the theory and how it can be used to solve real problems in human medicine. The essential molecular biology, cellular biology, and human physiology background is included for students to understand the context in which biomedical engineers work. Updates throughout highlight important advances made over recent years, including iPS cells, microRNA, nanomedicine, imaging technology, biosensors, and drug delivery systems, giving students a modern description of the various subfields of biomedical engineering. Over two hundred quantitative and qualitative exercises, many new to this edition, help consolidate learning, whilst a solutions manual, password-protected for instructors, is available online. Finally, students can enjoy an expanded set of leader profiles in biomedical engineering within the book, showcasing the broad range of career paths open to students who make biomedical engineering their calling.
Collaborative system identification via parameter consensus (2014)

Classical schemes in system identification and adaptive control often rely on persistence of excitation to guarantee parameter convergence, which may be difficult to achieve with a single agent and a single input. Inspired by consensus systems, we extend classical parameter adaptation to the multi agent setting by combining an adaptive gradient law with consensus dynamics. The gradient law represents the main learning signal, while consensus dynamics attract each agent's parameter estimates toward those of its neighbors. We show that the resulting decentralized online parameter estimator can be used to identify the true parameters of all agents, even if no single agent employs a persistently exciting input.
Structure and Electrochemical Properties of La<sub>2</sub>Li<sub>2x</sub>(CO)<sub>1-x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with Layered Structure (2012)

Abstract not Available.
A Symptom based Taxonomy for Network Security (2006)

공격 발생시에 네트워크에 나타나는 징후정보를 수집하여 공격을 분류하는 징후기반공격분류법을 제안한다. 이 공격분류법은 공격 발생시 징후를 이용하므로 필요한 정보의 수집이 빠르고 알려지지 않은 공격에 대한 분류가 가능한 장점이 있다. 제안하는 공격법은 두 단계로 공격을 분류한다. 단일 공격자로부터 단일 공격대상에게 나타나는 단일 공격들을 먼저 분류하고 단일 공격들이 서로 연관성 없는 다른 공격들인지 아니면 동일한 하나의 공격을 구성하는 연관된 공격인지 판단하게 된다. 따라서, 이미 제안된 공격분류법보다 정확하게 분산서비스거부공격이나 웜, Bot과 같은 공격을 분류할 수 있게 되었다. 제안하는 분류법을 이용하여 원과 분산서비스거부공격의 특정 및 근거리통신망에서 발생하는 공격의 특정을 도출하였고 이러한 특정들은 새로운 웜이나 분산서비스거부공격 또는 근거리통신망에서 발생하는 공격들도 공통적으로 가지는 특정임을 보였다. We present a symptom based taxonomy for network security. This taxonomy classifies attacks in the network using early symptoms of the attacks. Since we use the symptom it is relatively easy to access the information to classify the attack. Furthermore we are able to classify the unknown attack because the symptoms of unknown attacks are correlated with the one of known attacks. The taxonomy classifies the attack in two stages. In the first stage, the taxonomy identifies the attack in a single connection and then, combines the single connections into the aggregated connections to check if the attacks among single connections may create the distribute attack over the aggregated connections. Hence, it is possible to attain the high accuracy in identifying such complex attacks as DDoS, Worm and Bot We demonstrate the classification of the three major attacks in Internet using the proposed taxonomy.
Biomonitoring of a worker population exposed to platinum dust in a catalyst production plant (2004)

The background level of Pt in all areas of the factory implies widespread exposure for the workers. The most reliable biomarker was urine. Hair cannot be considered a good index of time related exposure, at least until more reliable methods of washing can be found that are able to remove exogenous Pt completely.
Thermodynamic methods for performance analysis of chillers (2005)

This paper presents a simple thermodynamic model that captures accurately the behaviour of all types of real chillers or cooling devices. In addition to its predictive capability, it also provides a diagnostic means for the in situ monitoring of chiller performance. To enhance the understanding of the chiller cycles, a novel way of formulating the classic T-s diagrams is provided for all chiller types, ranging from the mechanical, heat-driven and solid-state chillers.
Recommendations for Blood Pressure Measurement in Humans and Experimental Animals (2004)

Accurate measurement of blood pressure is essential to classify individuals, to ascertain blood pressure-related risk, and to guide management. The auscultatory technique with a trained observer and mercury sphygmomanometer continues to be the method of choice for measurement in the office, using the first and fifth phases of the Korotkoff sounds, including in pregnant women. The use of mercury is declining, and alternatives are needed. Aneroid devices are suitable, but they require frequent calibration. Hybrid devices that use electronic transducers instead of mercury have promise. The oscillometric method can be used for office measurement, but only devices independently validated according to standard protocols should be used, and individual calibration is recommended. They have the advantage of being able to take multiple measurements. Proper training of observers, positioning of the patient, and selection of cuff size are all essential. It is increasingly recognized that office measurements correlate poorly with blood pressure measured in other settings, and that they can be supplemented by self-measured readings taken with validated devices at home. There is increasing evidence that home readings predict cardiovascular events and are particularly useful for monitoring the effects of treatment. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory monitoring gives a better prediction of risk than office measurements and is useful for diagnosing white-coat hypertension. There is increasing evidence that a failure of blood pressure to fall during the night may be associated with increased risk. In obese patients and children, the use of an appropriate cuff size is of paramount importance.
Feasibility Study of Applying Intelligent Drill Pipe in Early Detection of Gas Influx during Conventional Drilling (2013)

Abstract Conventional well control procedures rely merely on the pit gain and variations in pump pressure as the primary indicators to detect and handle the influx. These indicators are rudimentary and unreliable for drilling costly offshore wells while advanced well control techniques demand more reliable indicators for early detection of gas kicks. Having access to continuous pressure data along the wellbore, offered by intelligent (wired) drillpipes, can be very helpful in detecting and handling gas kicks. This paper proposes a technique for early gas detection during conventional drilling by utilizing the intelligent drill pipe. For this purpose, different flow regions in the annulus are identified and modeled based on the conservation equations. A numerical scheme and transient gas kick simulator are developed to solve the equations. Sensitivity analysis is conducted for various parameters such as influx sizes, mud flow rates and wellbore geometry. The results indicate that when gas influx enters the wellbore, pressure at all sensors increases simultaneously. This criterion can be used for early detection of gas kicks; In addition, when top of gas influx passes a certain sensor, pressure curve at that sensor declines. This fingerprint can be utilized in determining the location of the gas kick. This can be done even more precisely when pressure derivative curves are plotted to determine the time that a gas influx reaches a certain sensor. Using intelligent drill pipes in modern well control operations can reduce kick detection time to less than half, which results in significant reduction in non-productive time and enhancements in safety. The developed simulator provides a powerful tool that can contribute to well control practices and real-time decision making.
Correlation Between Deposition Efficiency, Hardness, and Elastic Modulus for Thermally Sprayed Zirconia (2000)

Abstract Results concerning the relationship between deposition efficiency and mechanical properties with coating roughness are presented. A commercial partially stabilized zirconia powder was plasma sprayed at different power levels, H2/Ar ratio and spray distance. Coatings sprayed at high deposition efficiencies demonstrated improved mechanical properties. The deposition efficiency is also proportional to the coating roughness. When prepared with a high plasma power and a high H2/Ar ratio, and at short spray distances, these coatings exhibited the highest deposition efficiency and coating roughness. The high coating roughness associated with a high deposition efficiency arises because coarse powder particles are likely to be melted at higher plasma power. However, opposite trends were also observed within different regimes of powder size distribution and torch power. Another objective of this work was to demonstrate that a surface profilometer can be used to understand the deposition efficiency and mechanical properties of thermal spray coatings. Key words: Roughness, Mechanical Properties, DE.
Experimental characterization of the vibrational behavior of a fluid-filled thin shell for the purpose of response estimation (1995)

Experimental techniques are proposed for developing a model to estimate structural vibrations induced by internal acoustic pressure at low frequencies. In these methods, the acoustic field and the structure are treated as a coupled system with the acoustic loading effect taken into account. The response model between the internal pressure and the surface vibration is established by a modified modal test on the coupled system. Experiments are performed to investigate the surface vibrations of a closed steel cylindrical shell excited by a loudspeaker inside. The experimental results show that developed techniques provide accurate estimation for the acoustically induced vibrations.
When to Use Chemotherapy for Chronic Hematopoietic Neoplasms (1968)

Generally, chemotherapeutic agents are effective at some time in the course of such chronic diseases as granulocytic leukemia, polycythemia vera and lymphocytic leukemia. This is particularly true for chronic granulocytic leukemia, in which busulfan is the drug of choice. Physicians must be prepared to cope not only with the disease itself but also with such complications as hyperuricemia, infections and anemia.
Ultrathin films of homeotropically aligned columnar liquid crystals on indium tin oxide electrodes (2008)

We report the achievement of very thin films (thickness of about 50nm) of thermotropic columnar liquid crystal in homeotropic (columns normal to the interface) orientation on indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. The face-on alignment of the discotic compound has been obtained by thermal annealing without any intermediate coating between the mesophase and the ITO substrate. Such a columnar mesophase alignment is thus shown on a substrate of technological interest in open supported thin film reaching the thickness range suitable for organic photovoltaic devices.
Utilizing Machine Learning for Filtering General Monte Carlo Noise (2015)

Author(s): Khademi Kalantari, Nima Khademi | Advisor(s): Sen, Pradeep | Abstract: Producing photorealistic images from a scene model requires computing a complex multidimensional integral of the scene function at every pixel of the image. Monte Carlo (MC) rendering systems approximate this integral by tracing light rays (samples) in the multidimensional space to evaluate the scene function. Although an approximation to this integral can be quickly evaluated with just a few samples, the inaccuracy of this estimate relative to the true value appears as unacceptable noise in the resulting image. One way to mitigate this problem is to quickly render a noisy image with a few samples and then filter it as a post-process to generate an acceptable, noise-free result. This approach has been the subject of extensive research in recent years and many algorithms have been developed. However, the majority of these approaches use simple, heuristic rules to design the algorithm and, as a result, have various limitations.We begin by studying how standard image denoising techniques can be applied to the problem of Monte Carlo rendering. To do this, we propose a way to use any standard image denoising method (e.g., BM3D) to remove noise from MC rendered images. We do this by estimating the amount of noise at each pixel of the image and apply a multilevel algorithm that denoises the image in a spatially-varying manner. We then show that although this approach works better than the previous color-based schemes, i.e., the methods that only use color information, it cannot handle complex scenes with severe noise. This is due to the fact that this algorithm does not utilize additional scene features such as world positions, shading normals, and texture values, which are available in MC rendering.To address the filtering problem systematically, we then present a new way of analyzing the MC filtering approaches. We observe that the major challenge in all filtering techniques is filter parameter estimation. Our key contribution is to address this challenging problem with two machine learning approaches. Specifically, we first propose to estimate the optimal filter parameters at each pixel directly from the output of the MC renderer using a neural network. We train the network on a set of scenes by minimizing the error between the filtered and ground truth images. Second, we propose to find the optimal filter parameter sets in an error-minimization filtering approach to produce filtered results as close as possible to the ground truth. We optimize these candidate filter parameter sets on a set of training scenes by minimizing the error between the filtered and ground truth images. We show that the proposed approaches outperform state-of-the-art methods in removing general MC noise. In this thesis, we present the first attempt to use machine learning for removing noise from MC rendered images. We believe this opens a new avenue for future work and we hope other researchers can build upon the ideas presented here to further advance the MC filtering field.