gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the human E2F4 promoter region and its response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (2019)

The E2F transcription factors (TFs), which control the progression of the cell cycle in response to DNA-damage and various stresses, are known to interact with a tumour suppressor, Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1). We previously showed that the response of the human RB1 promoter to a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in HL-60 cells is mediated by a duplicated GGAA motif, which is also present in the 5'-upstream of the E2F family genes. The motifs are especially rich in the 5'-upstream of the E2F4 gene. In the present study, we constructed luciferase (Luc) expression vectors containing a 466 bp of the 5'-upstream of the human E2F4 gene. The transfection of this plasmid and deletion/mutation-introduced derivatives into HL-60 cells and a Luc reporter assay showed that duplicated and triplicated GGAA (TTCC) motifs in the E2F4 promoter respond to TPA. As expected, electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that SPI1 (PU.1) binds to the GGAA motif-containing element. A quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting showed that the E2F4 transcripts and its encoding proteins accumulate during the differentiation of HL-60 into macrophage-like cells. In contrast, the expression of the E2F1 gene and the protein, which possibly acts as a cell cycle accelerator, was greatly diminished.
Immunosuppression in Liver Transplantation (2016)

This article highlights the currently available immunosuppressive medications that are used to prevent or treat hepatic allograft rejection. Currently-available immunosuppressive medications are highly effective in prevention of allograft rejection, graft loss, and patient death. However, side effects of medications are common, usually dose-related, and specific to the administered drug. Maintenance immunosuppression which has been primarily based upon calcineurin inhibitors (Cyclosporine, CsA, or tacrolimus, Tac) is commonly modified to reduce metabolic complications of therapy. Toxic consequences of steroids may be ameliorated by steroid withdrawal without risk of acute rejection or immunologic graft loss. Calcineurin-sparing regimens may include use of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or sirolimus, and allow reduction in doses and plasma levels of CsA and Tac. Recurrence of hepatitis C is universal after liver transplantation and progresses rapidly, compared to its natural history in non-immunocompromised patients. Unfortunately, no single immunosuppressive agent or strategy has yet been shown to convincingly modify the course of post-transplant recurrence. Most centers manage recurrenc hepatitis C by either steroid avoidance, reduction in immunosuppression, or institution of antiviral therapy. Ongoing advances in immunosuppressive and antiviral medications will allow tailoring of the immunosuppressive prescription, which undoubtedly will benefit current and future liver recipients.
Magnetic Resonance Studies of Propene Adsorption on Alumina-Supported Platinum Surfaces (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnetic Resonance Studies of Propene Adsorption on Alumina-Supported Platinum SurfacesJanet M. Griffiths, Alexis T. Bell, and Jeffrey A. ReimerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 7, 1918–1925Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100058a033https://doi.org/10.1021/j100058a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Iododestannylation: an improved synthesis of [125I]iodoproxyfan, a specific radioligand of the histamine H3 receptor (1997)

[125I]Iodoproxyfan, a specific radioligand of histamine H3 receptors, was synthesized in 60% yield under very mild conditions from a tributylstannyl precursor. The arylstannane, which was obtained in a palladium-catalyzed reaction of arylbromide and hexabutylditin, smoothly underwent radioiodination with [125I]sodium iodide and chloramine-T to give tritylated [125I]iodoproxyfan. Final detritylation was achieved with formic acid 90% at room temperature. Compared to the original copper(I)-mediated halogen exchange this procedure has major advantages in terms of cost and ease of use. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hibernating Bears, Antibiotics, and the Evolving Ribosome (Nobel Lecture) (2010)

High-resolution structures of ribosomes, the cellular machines that translate the genetic code into proteins, revealed the decoding mechanism, detected the mRNA path, identified the sites of the tRNA molecules in the ribosome, elucidated the position and the nature of the nascent proteins exit tunnel, illuminated the interactions of the ribosome with non-ribosomal factors, such as the initiation, release and recycling factors, and provided valuable information on ribosomal antibiotics, their binding sites, modes of action, principles of selectivity and the mechanisms leading to their resistance. Notably, these structures proved that the ribosome is a ribozyme whose active site, namely where the peptide bonds are being formed, is situated within a universal symmetrical region that is embedded in the otherwise asymmetric ribosome structure. As this symmetrical region is highly conserved and provides the machinery required for peptide bond formation and for ribosome polymerase activity, it may be the remnant of the proto-ribosome, a dimeric prebiotic machine that formed peptide bonds and non-coded polypeptide chains. Structures of complexes of ribosomes with antibiotics targeting them revealed the principles allowing for their clinical use, identified resistance mechanisms and showed the structural bases for discriminating pathogenic bacteria from hosts, hence providing valuable structural information for antibiotics improvement and for the design of novel compounds that can serve as antibiotics.
Do Patient Characteristics Impact the Relationship Between Anatomic Prolapse and Vaginal Bulge Symptoms? (2017)

(Abstracted from Int Urogynecol J 2017; 28:391–396) Previous studies have shown that seeing or feeling a vaginal bulge is the most specific symptom for identifying pelvic organ prolapse (POP). It has been suggested that the critical point at which bulge symptoms appear in most women is prolapse to or beyond the level of the hymen.
ChemInform Abstract: High Yield Synthesis of 5,5′‐Dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine and 5,5′′‐Dimethyl‐2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine and Some Bifunctionalization Reactions Using N‐Bromosuccinimide. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immobilization of Biocatalysts by Prepolymer Methods. Adenylate Kinase Activity of Immobilized Yeast Mitochondria (1980)

Journal Article Immobilization of Biocatalysts by Prepolymer Methods. Adenylate Kinase Activity of Immobilized Yeast Mitochondria Get access Atsuo Tanaka, Atsuo Tanaka Laboratory of Industrial Biochemistry, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Norio Hagi, Norio Hagi Laboratory of Industrial Biochemistry, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Gerard Gellf, Gerard Gellf Laboratory of Industrial Biochemistry, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan On leave from Laboratoire Technologie Enzymatique, Université de Technolgie de Compiegne, and E.R.A. N˚338 du CNRS, Compiegne, France. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Saburo Fukui Saburo Fukui Laboratory of Industrial Biochemistry, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 44, Issue 10, 1 October 1980, Pages 2399–2405, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1980.10864342 Published: 01 October 1980 Article history Received: 14 April 1980 Published: 01 October 1980
Selective activation of glycosyl donors utilising electrochemical techniques: a study of the thermodynamic oxidation potentials of a range of chalcoglycosides (2004)

A series of six chalcoglycosides (phenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-seleno-beta-D-glucopyranoside, phenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-seleno-beta-D-glucopyranoside, phenyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside, p-tolyl-2,3,4,6-O-benzoyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside, p-tolyl-2,3,4,6-O-benzyl-1-thio-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and phenyl-2,3,4,6-O-benzyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) are voltammetrically interrogated in dimethyl sulfoxide, so as to determine their formal (i.e. thermodynamic) redox potentials. The electrochemical oxidation of the chalcoglycoside is shown to follow an overall EC-type mechanism, in which the electro-generated cation radical undergoes an irreversible carbon-chalcogen bond rupture to produce the corresponding glycosyl cation, which may react further. The kinetics of the initial heterogeneous electron transfer process and subsequent irreversible homogeneous chemical degradation of the radical cation are reported, with values for the standard electrochemical rate constant k(0) in the order of 10(-2) cm s(-1) and the first order homogeneous rate constant, k(1), of the order of 10(3) s(-1). The formal oxidation potentials were found to vary according to the identity of the chalcogenide, such that OPh > SPh similar to STol > SePh.
Auditory and Lower Limb Tactile Prepulse Inhibition in Primary Restless Legs Syndrome (2015)

The resting sensory discomfort transiently relieved upon movement of the affected area in restless legs syndrome suggests that sensorimotor integration mechanisms, specifically gating, may be altered in the disease. The authors sought to determine the effects of prepulse auditory and tactile stimulation applied to lower limbs on the blink reflex of patients with restless legs syndrome and healthy subjects. Seventeen patients with restless legs syndrome and 17 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were investigated. Auditory stimuli and tactile lower limb stimulation were applied as prepulses. The R2 response of the blink reflex induced by electrical stimulation applied to the right supraorbital nerve was selected as the test stimulus. Time intervals between prepulses and response-eliciting stimuli were 40, 70, 90, 110, and 200 milliseconds. There were no differences in either the auditory or tactile prepulse conditions between patients and controls and no differences between these measures within subject groups. We concluded that the tactile lower limb and the auditory prepulse effects on the brainstem interneurons mediating the blink reflex share common neural pathways. Because forebrain interneurons mediate these prepulse effects, they are likely not involved in the disordered sensorimotor interaction of restless legs syndrome.
Age‐related expression of σ<sub>1</sub> receptors and antidepressant efficacy of a selective agonist in the senescence‐accelerated (SAM) mouse (2005)

The sigma1 receptor is a unique intracellular receptor whose activation results in an efficient modulation of several neurotransmitter responses. Its role as a target for the rapid nongenomic effects of neuro(active)steroids and the age-related diminutions in steroid levels suggested that targeting the sigma1 receptor might allow alleviation of age-related neuronal dysfunctions. We examined here the expression and behavioral efficacy of sigma1 receptors in the senescence-accelerated (SAM) mouse model. The sigma1 receptor mRNA expression was measured by using comparative RT-PCR in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cortex, or cerebellum of senescence-prone SAMP/8 and senescence-resistant SAMR/1 control animals. No difference was observed between substrains in 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old (m.o.) mice. The sigma1 protein expression was analyzed by using immunohistochemical techniques. Labeling was intense in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and midbrain of both SAMR/1 and SAMP/8 mice, and the distribution appeared unchanged in 6-, 9-, and 12-m.o. animals. The receptor's in vivo availability was examined by using in vivo [3H](+)-SKF-10,047 binding. No age-related difference was observed in the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem of 6- or 12-m.o. SAMR/1 or SAMP/8 mice. The antidepressant efficacy of the selective agonist igmesine was examined in the forced-swimming test. The compound decreased significantly the immobility duration at 60 mg/kg in 6- and 12-m.o. SAMR/1 and in 6-m.o. SAMP/8 mice. In 12-m.o. SAMP/8 mice, the drug efficacy was facilitated; a significant effect was measured at 30 mg/kg. Decreased neurosteroid levels, particularly of progesterone, were seen in 12-m.o. SAMP/8 mice that might explain the enhanced efficacy of igmesine. Preserved sigma1 receptor expression and enhanced behavioral efficacy of sigma1 agonists were measured in SAM animals, confirming the therapeutic opportunities for selective ligands against age-related mood disorders.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Biosynthesis of antinutritional alkaloids in solanaceous crops is mediated by clustered genes. (2013)

Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) such as α-solanine found in solanaceous food plants--as, for example, potato--are antinutritional factors for humans. Comparative coexpression analysis between tomato and potato coupled with chemical profiling revealed an array of 10 genes that partake in SGA biosynthesis. We discovered that six of them exist as a cluster on chromosome 7, whereas an additional two are adjacent in a duplicated genomic region on chromosome 12. Following systematic functional analysis, we suggest a revised SGA biosynthetic pathway starting from cholesterol up to the tetrasaccharide moiety linked to the tomato SGA aglycone. Silencing GLYCOALKALOID METABOLISM 4 prevented accumulation of SGAs in potato tubers and tomato fruit. This may provide a means for removal of unsafe, antinutritional substances present in these widely used food crops. PMID: 23788733
Using Ert With A Saline Tracer To Define Vadose Zone Infiltration (2002)

An experiment is being conducted at the Sandia-Tech Vadose Zone (STVZ) site near the New Mexico Tech. campus in Socorro to develop new method of determining hydrological parameters of the vadose zone by using combined hydrological and geophysical measurements. Starting in March, 1999, tap water was infiltrated into the site at a constant, known rate thus achieving essentially steady-state conditions. The salinity of this tap water was lower than that of the original pore water thus the infiltration resulted in a zone of increased water content but decreased salinity. This paper cover the latest phase of this experiment, beginning in June, 2001 in which a modest amount (1.024 g/l) of sodium chloride salt was added to the infiltrating water as a tracer. This additional salt, was sufficient to act as an effective tracer for groundwater movement. Monitoring the movement of this tracer using ERT showed that it moved much more rapidly than the wetting front during the original infiltration.
Change, inflation et intérêt : un modèle (1978)

L'objet de cet article est de clarifier les mécanismes mis en jeu dans un régime de changes flexibles pour un pays de taille moyenne comme la France et de pro­poser une réflexion sur les particularités des ajustements économiques actuels. A cette fin, il présente sous forme de modèle une extension critique du schéma traditionnel keynésien développé par Fleming et Mundell. Ce modèle intègre des analyses de type monétariste : flexibilité des prix, rôle de la formation des anticipations, comportement patrimonial, pour expliquer les mouvements de capi­taux. Il présente de plus la particularité de refuser l'hypothèse de contrôle de l'offre de monnaie, qui est inadéquate, en tous cas pour la France et d'incorporer une description plus fine des phénomènes monétaires. Cela implique qu'il n'existe plus, dans le modèle, de taux de change d'équilibre qui guiderait des anticipations rationnelles et nécessite la gestion du flottement par les autorités monétaires. Enfin, la description du comportement d'offre des entreprises essaie d'échapper à la fois à l'hypothèse keynésienne d'illusion monétaire et à l'analyse monétariste de taux de chômage naturel. Ce modèle est chiffré dans le cas français et utilisé pour étudier l'impact de diffé­rents aléas et de diverses politiques économiques selon le régime de change et la mobilité des capitaux. L'étude montre le rôle central joué par le taux de change en régime de changes flexibles, notamment comme canal de transmission de la politique monétaire. De ce fait, il devient de plus en plus difficile de faire varier l'activité sans modifier les prix : ces deux variables sont plus asservies en régime de flottement qu'en changes fixes. L'interaction entre prix et activité implique qu'on ne peut guère réduire l'inflation sans réduire la croissance. La principale conclusion est relative à l'instabilité de l'économie en changes flot­tants que révèlent les simulations. Ce résultat ne provient ni de la partie réelle du modèle, ni de l'hypothèse faite sur les élasticités critiques, mais de l'interaction entre régime de change et système financier : en changes fixes, le cycle inflation­niste est freiné par la perte de compétitivité et de réserves officielles qui entraî­nent la hausse du taux d'intérêt et la baisse de la demande adressée aux produc­teurs nationaux ; en changes flexibles, la chute du change surcompense la hausse des prix. Si les revenus des ménages sont indexés rapidement sur l'inflation, si les réactions des autorités monétaires ne sont pas suffisantes, un processus cumu­latif se développe.
Modifying functionality of variable optical attenuator to signal monitoring through defect engineering (2010)

A commercial silicon-based variable optical attenuator has been converted to a low bandwidth (quasi-CW) light monitor through an ion implantation and annealing process. The measured total optical loss of the device is <5 dB while the responsivity per tapped fraction is 1 mA/W/dB. The straightforward manner in which the monitoring functionality is induced suggests a cost-effective route to CW optical monitors using a widely available commercial product.
Theoretical study of shallow acceptor states under the influence of both a confinement potential and a deformation potential (1998)

Energy levels of the ground and the excited shallow acceptor states have been calculated for center-doped strain-free ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ quantum wells (QW's) in the presence of an external pressure and in strained ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{y}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}\mathrm{As}$ QW's. The impurity states are calculated using a four-band effective-mass theory, in which the valence-band mixing as well as the mismatch of the band parameters and the dielectric constants between well and barrier materials have been taken into account. The acceptor binding energies and the internal electronic transitions are calculated. The results show that an applied external pressure in ${\mathrm{G}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ QW's or built-in strain in ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{y}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}\mathrm{As}$ QW's strongly influences the acceptor states. The oscillator strengths between the acceptor ground states and the different excited $p$-like states are also calculated for the ${\mathrm{In}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{A}\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{A}\mathrm{l}}_{0.3}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}\mathrm{As}$ system with three different indium fractions $x.$ The results show clearly that a built-in strain strongly influences the transition energies and the relative oscillator strengths.
How to deal with S-shaped curve in DEA (2013)

In DEA we are often puzzled by the big difference in CRS and VRS scores, and by the convex production possibility set syndrome in spite of the S-shaped curve often observed in many real data. In this paper we perform a challenge to these subjects.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON‐TRANSFER PROCESSES: OXIDATION OF ARYLACETIC ACIDS BY PEROXYDISULFATE IN ACETIC ACID (1981)

Abstract In CH 3 COOH, die K‐ und Cu(II)‐acetat enthält, werden die Arylessig‐ Säuren (I) durch Peroxydisulfat unter Bildung von Arylmethylradikalen (II) hauptsächlich zu den Acetaten (III) und CO 2 oxidiert.
Incidencia del fenotiocarb en la supervivencia de los estados inmaduros de Aleurothrixus floccosus (Mask.) (1992)

Se ha estudiado la incidencia de los plaguicidas: fenotiocarb (dosis: 0,1 y 0,15 %), butocarboxim (dosis: 0,15 %), buprofezin (dosis: 0,05 %) y piperonilbutoxido (dosis: 0,01, 0,05 y 0,15 %) en la supervivencia de los estados inmaduros de Aleurothrixus floccosus (Mask.). Los resultados muestran que fenotiocarb a la dosis 0,1 % produce una mortalidad absoluta en larvas de 1.°, 2° y estadio y un bajo (%) de supervivencia en huevos, larvas de 4.° estadio y ninfas de A. floccosus, mientras que a la dosis mayor (0,15 %), unicamente se encuentra supervivencia en ninfas (6,5 %). Butocarboxim tambien produce mortalidad elevada en todos los estados de desarrollo, permitiendo una supervivencia menor al 7 % en huevos, larvas de 2.° y 3. estadio y ninfas. Buprofezin presenta diferencias significativas (P < 0,05) con respecto al testigo en todos los estados de desarrollo ensayados, a excepcion de huevos y larvas de 2.° y 4.° estadio. Por ultimo, de las tres dosis ensayadas del piperonilbutoxido (pb), la mas efectiva fue la mayor (0,15 %), aunque en el ensayo realizado sobre huevos no mostro diferencias significativas con respecto al testigo. Finalmente, se estudio la efectividad del butocarboxim, buprofezin y fenotiocarb conjuntamente con pb (dosis: 0,05 %). Las mezclas pb-butocarboxim y pb-fenotiocarb a las dos dosis, produjeron una disminucion significativa de la supervivencia en los ensayos realizados sobre larvas de 4.° estadio y ninfas, mientras que la mezcla pb buprofezin tambien resulto mas efectiva sobre larvas de 2° y 3.° estadio.