gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of ultimobranchial bodies in the modulation of the response of chick embryos to 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol (1986)

Ultimobranchial bodies (UBBs) were dissected from 17-day-old chick embryos and grafted onto the chorioallantoic membrane of 8-day-old embryos. The embryos with UBB grafts as well as sham-grafted controls were injected on the 10th day of incubation with 100 ng 1,25(OH)2D3 dissolved in ethyl alcohol or with an equal volume of ethyl alcohol alone; embryos were sacrificed on the 13th day. Grafted UBBs showed ultrastructural characteristics typical of actively secreting glands. A histological study of the tibiae from all embryos showed that while the grafted embryos responded to the injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 with a peripheral rim of undermineralized bone trabeculae, sham-grafted embryos never did so. These results confirm the original hypothesis that the presence of differentiated UBBs is a precondition for the production of undermineralized bone (osteoid) by 1,25(OH)2D3. In a second series of experiments, similarly treated embryos were sacrificed on the 10th, 11th, 12th and 13th day; the levels of calcium and inorganic phosphate were determined in their blood. The injection of 1,25(OH)2D3 produced in all embryos hypercalcaemia and hypophosphataemia. However, the hypophosphataemic response was more prolonged in the embryos with UBB grafts than in sham-grafted ones. These results suggest that the grafted UBBs prolonged the hypophosphataemic response, probably by secreting calcitonin and thus reducing the rate of bone resorption. It is also probable that the prolonged hypophosphataemia produced or contributed to the undermineralization of the peripheral (subperiosteal) trabeculae.
Notes- Potential Anticancer Agents. LVIII. Analogs of Chlorambucil. VIII. Monofunctional Akylating Agents Derived from ι-(p-Aminophenyl)-alkanoic Acids (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes- Potential Anticancer Agents. LVIII. Analogs of Chlorambucil. VIII. Monofunctional Akylating Agents Derived from ι-(p-Aminophenyl)-alkanoic AcidsKaren Hyde, Edward Acton, W Skinner, Leon Goodman, and B BakerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3551–3553Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online6 March 2003Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a629https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a629research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Seroprevalence of St-Valérien-like caliciviruses in Italian swine (2011)

St-Valérien-like viruses are newly recognized porcine caliciviruses recently detected in North America and Europe. In this study, baculovirus-expressed virus-like particles of the St-Valérien strain 25A/ITA were generated and used for the development of an antibody-detection ELISA kit to assess the seroprevalence of these novel caliciviruses in swine. Antibodies specific for St-Valérien-like virus were detected in 63 (10.3 %) of 614 serum samples tested with titres ranging from 1 : 50 (28.6 %) to 1 : 800 (40.7 %). These results indicate that St-Valérien-like infections are common among domestic pigs, italy.
Strength Reductions from Trabecular Destruction Within Thoracic Vertebrae (1993)

An in vitro model of metastatic lesions in thoracic vertebrae was used to determine if the reduction in vertebral cross-sectional area could be used to predict the associated strength reduction. Defects, entirely within the trabecular bone, were created in alternating vertebrae of unembalmed human thoracic spines. The adjacent vertebrae were tested intact and served as controls. Defect size was determined as the cross-sectional area of the defect divided by the nominal cross-sectional area of the vertebral body midplane. Vertebrae were tested to failure using combined axial-flexion loads. For each spine, a linear regression was determined between the cross sectional area of the superior endplate and the load at failure for the intact vertebrae. The intact strength of bodies with defects was estimated from this regression. The normalized strength of thoracic vertebrae with trabecular defects was linearly related to the reduction in cross-sectional area (normalized failure load = 1.0-Ad/Ai, r2 = 0.51; Ad = cross-sectional area of defect; and Ai = intact cross-sectional area at midplane). The data suggest that the strength reduction due to lytic defects within the centrum of thoracic vertebrae is proportional to the cross-sectional area of bone resorbed.
Machine compliance in compression tests (2018)

The compression behavior of a material cannot be accurately determined if the machine compliance is not accounted prior to the measurements. This work discusses the machine compliance during a compressibility test with fiberglass fabrics. The thickness variation was measured during loading and unloading cycles with a relaxation stage of 30 minutes between them. The measurements were performed using an indirect technique based on the comparison between the displacement at a free compression cycle and the displacement with a sample. Relating to the free test, it has been noticed the nonexistence of machine relaxation during relaxation stage. Considering relaxation or not, the characteristic curves for a free compression cycle can be overlapped precisely in the majority of the points. For the compression test with sample, it was noticed a non-physical decrease of about 30 µm during the relaxation stage, what can be explained by the greater fabric relaxation in relation to the machine relaxation. Beyond the technique normally used, another technique was used which allows a constant thickness during relaxation. Within this second method, machine displacement with sample is simply subtracted to the machine displacement without sample being imposed as constant. If imposed as a constant it will remain constant during relaxation stage and it will suddenly decrease after relaxation. If constantly calculated it will decrease gradually during relaxation stage. Independently of the technique used the final result will remain unchanged. The uncertainty introduced by this imprecision is about ±15 µm.
Outcomes of Primary Repair and Primary Anastomosis in War-Related Colon Injuries (2009)

PR of war-related colon injuries can be performed safely in selected circumstances in the absence of concomitant organ injury. Delayed anastomosis can often be performed after damage control operations once the patient stabilizes. Ostomy closure complications are more likely after anastomotic failure.
Doubly labeled water measurement of human energy expenditure during exercise at high altitude (1994)

Estimates of total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) by the doubly labeled water (DLW, 2H(2)18O) and intake balance (I-B) methods were compared in six male soldiers studied over 6 days that included 5 days of strenuous winter exercise at 2,500- to 3,100-m elevation. Use of body energy stores [-9.54 +/- 1.54 (SD) MJ/day or -2,280 +/- 368 kcal/day] was estimated from changes in body weight, body density (hydrodensitometry), and total body water (H(2)18O dilution). The subjects wore computerized activity monitors and kept daily records of ration consumption (9.87 +/- 3.60 MJ/day or 2,359 +/- 860 kcal/day). Accuracy of individual DLW and I-B TDEE values was estimated from the correlations of TDEE with fat-free mass (FFM) or total weight (body wt + load). The DLW and I-B estimates of TDEE differed by -12.0 to 15.2% but provided comparable estimates of group mean TDEE (DLW = 19.07 +/- 2.37 MJ/day or 4,558 +/- 566 kcal/day; I-B = 19.41 +/- 3.72 MJ/day or 4,639 +/- 889 kcal/day; P > 0.05). The DLW TDEE was correlated with both FFM (r2 = 0.89, P < 0.01, power = 0.95) and total weight (r2 = 0.95, P < 0.01, power = 0.99), whereas I-B TDEE was correlated only with total weight (r2 = 0.75, P < 0.03, power = 0.81). Under adverse field conditions the DLW method provided individual TDEE estimates that were probably more accurate than those provided by the I-B method.
Separation of Temperature and Pressure Effects in Ultrasonic Relaxations in Liquids by Solution Measurements (1959)

In investigations of ultrasonic relaxations caused by two state processes—such as monomer-dimer association or the interconversion of rotational isomers—the energy difference between states is usually calculated from experimental results on the assumption that the difference in molecular volume is zero, meaning that only the temperature variation in a sound wave affects the molecular equilibrium. However the pressure variation in a sound wave in a liquid is so large with respect to the temperature variation (∼50 atmos/°C) that significant errors or even castatrophes can be introduced by the rather small changes in molecular volume (⩽5%) that are likely for these processes. The additional experimental variable needed to separate these effects may be provided by measuring solutions of the relaxing substance in inert solvents which possess different ratios of pressure to temperature variation for sound waves. This separation is illustrated by measurements of the ultrasonic absorption of methyl cyclohexane in xylene and nitrobenzene. The difference in free energy and enthalpy between the two chair isomers of methyl cyclohexane in these solutions is found to be 2.2±0.4 and 3.5±0.8 kcal/mole, respectively, and a difference in molecular volume of less than 1% is indicated.
Studies on the Chemical Transformation of Rotenoids. I. Ring Transformation of (-)-(6aS,12aS,2R)-Rotenone into Benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyrazoles (1986)

Rotenone (1) underwent the ring transformation into 3-substituted l-(2-methylethenyl-4-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-y1~-7,8-dimethoxy-1,9b,2,3,3a,4-he~ahydro-[l]benzopyranol3,4-~]pyrazol-lenes (4a-el when treated with hydrazines in the strong basic medium.-.
ESONET: toward an European network of excellence on subsea observatories (2005)

ESONET proposes a network of sea floor observatories around the European Ocean Margin from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea for strategic long term monitoring as part of a GMES with capability in geophysics, geotechnics, chemistry, biochemistry, oceanography, biology and fisheries. Long-term data collection and alarm capability in the event of hazards (e.g. earthquakes) will be considered. ESONET will be developed from networks in key areas where there is industrial sea floor infrastructure, scientific/conservation significance (e.g. coral mounds) or sites suitable for technology trials (e.g. deep water close to land).
Mucin Gene Expression in Human Laryngeal Epithelia: Effect of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (2008)

Reflux laryngitis is associated with down-regulation of mucin gene expression.
FIE on firmware: finding vulnerabilities in embedded systems using symbolic execution (2013)

Embedded systems increasingly use software-driven low-power microprocessors for security-critical settings, surfacing a need for tools that can audit the security of the software (often called firmware) running on such devices. Despite the fact that firmware programs are often written in C, existing source-code analysis tools do not work well for this setting because of the specific architectural features of low-power platforms. We therefore design and implement a new tool, called FIE, that builds off the KLEE symbolic execution engine in order to provide an extensible platform for detecting bugs in firmware programs for the popular MSP430 family of microcontrollers. FIE incorporates new techniques for symbolic execution that enable it to verify security properties of the simple firmwares often found in practice. We demonstrate FIE’s utility by applying it to a corpus of 99 open-source firmware programs that altogether use 13 different models of the MSP430. We are able to verify memory safety for the majority of programs in this corpus and elsewhere discover 21 bugs. 1
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Aldol Reaction: In situ Aldehyde‐Enolate Formation from Allyloxyboranes and Primary Allylic Alcohols. (2013)

Abstract Reactions of aldehydes with allyloxy/homoallyloxyboranes or allylic/homoallylic alcohols under conditions A) provides isomerization/cross‐aldol products with good syn‐selectivity after conversion to acetals or reductive work‐up to diols.
Engraftment Kinetics of Human Cord Blood and Murine Fetal Liver Stem Cells Following In Utero Transplantation into Immunodeficient Mice (2004)

This study was undertaken to evaluate the kinetics of engraftment after in utero transplantation of murine fetal liver and human cord blood stem cells in the nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mouse model. NOD/SCID fetuses were injected with murine fetal liver or human cord blood CD34+ cells at day 13.5 of gestation. Frequencies of donor cells were analyzed by flow cytometry up to 48 h post transplantation and 4-16 weeks postnatally. Hematopoietic multilineage reconstitution capacity was assessed. Both types of donor cells home rapidly. However, the frequency of human cord blood stem cells rapidly diminished while the murine fetal liver stem cells expanded over time, resulting in multilineage hematopoietic reconstitution. Differences in long-term reconstitution of allogeneic versus xenogeneic donor cells were ascribed to the inability of the human cells to self-renew and differentiate in the fetal mouse environment, demonstrating the limitations of this commonly used xenograph.
Functional regulatory immune responses against human cartilage glycoprotein-39 in health versus proinflammatory responses in rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Chaperonins have classically been thought of as intracellular molecules involved in the correct folding of proteins. Their expression is upregulated during times of stress such as heat (hence their common nomenclature as heat shock proteins [HSP]), anoxia, hypoglycaemia and reactive oxygen species [1]. These are conditions found in infected tissues or in tissues with chronic inflammation such as the rheumatoid synovium. In their intracellular location they protect the cell from apoptotic death due to stress. Increasingly chaperonins have been recognised to subserve extracellular functions for which they have received the name 'chaperokines' since they bind to specific receptors on the cell surface and activate cells of the innate immune system to secrete inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and small molecular weight mediators such as prostaglandins [2]. Indeed, an early event in inflammation is cell stress/necrosis leading to the release of HSP60 and HSP70 that binds via a CD14-mediated mechanism to Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 [2] as part of the 'danger' signal [3]. The secretion of tumour necrosis factor alpha, IL-1, IL-12 and other chemokines prepares the environment for a TH1 adaptive immune response. It is now recognised that some chaperonins, such as BiP and HSP27, may activate the innate immune system to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 [4,5] that may skew the adaptive immune response to TH2. Recent work by our group has shown that BiP can not only prevent but also treat ongoing collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice [6], suggesting that chaperonins may down modulate ongoing TH1 responses. Thus, it may be possible to suppress rheumatoid inflammation by administration of appropriate chaperonins such as BiP. Finally, chaperonins may be important system regulators determining the outcome between TH1 and Th2 immune responses. References 1.
Effcient synthesis and mechanisms of formation of 4-azido-, 4-thiocyanato-, and 4-isothiocyanato-3-oxo-Δ<sup>4,6</sup>–steroids (1973)

H. L. Herzog, J. Korpi, E. L. Shapiro, G. Teutsch and L. Weber, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1973, 72 DOI: 10.1039/C39730000072
Dissolution rates of iron plating on soldering iron tips in molten lead‐free solders (2004)

The dissolution rates of iron and alloyed steels in molten lead‐free solders were investigated in order to clarify the effect of erosion of iron plating on soldering iron tips. The dissolution rates of iron‐based alloys in lead‐free solders were found to be about three times greater than in conventional Sn‐Pb eutectics, indicating that the iron plating of a soldering iron tip is subjected to heavier damage when used with lead‐free rather than eutectic Sn‐Pb. Several steel alloys showed dissolution rates similar to that of pure iron, suggesting that compositional changes in the iron plating may have little influence on the erosion depth. Decreases in the reaction temperature and time, and a small addition of iron into the solder was found to be effective in suppressing both dissolution of iron wire and erosion of iron plating.
Intermediates in the palladium-catalyzed reactions of 1,3-dienes. 2. Preparation and structure of (.eta.1,.eta.3-octadienediyl)palladium complexes (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermediates in the palladium-catalyzed reactions of 1,3-dienes. 2. Preparation and structure of (.eta.1,.eta.3-octadienediyl)palladium complexesR. Benn, P. W. Jolly, R. Mynott, B. Raspel, G. Schenker, K. P. Schick, and G. SchrothCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 11, 1945–1953Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/om00130a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A 62 GHz inductor-peaked rectifier with 7% efficiency (2013)

This paper presents the first 62 GHz fully onchip RF-DC rectifier in 65nm CMOS technology. The rectifier is the bottleneck in realizing on-chip wireless power receivers. In this paper, efficiency problems of the mm-wave rectifier are discussed and the inductor-peaked rectifier structure is proposed and realized. By using an inductor-peaked diode connected transistor, self-threshold voltage modulation, and an output filter, the measured rectifier reaches 7% efficiency with 1 mA current load. Compared to previous state-of-art 45 GHz rectifier with 1.2% efficiency [1], our solution achieves a higher efficiency at a higher frequency, providing a better solution for mm-wave wireless power receivers.
Influence of Solute C on Recrystallization Behavior in Ti Added Low Carbon Cold Rolled Sheet Steel (2008)

Recovery and recrystallization behavior of the Ti added low carbon steel sheets (0.0096mass%C–0.097mass%Ti) with two different states of carbon atoms were investigated. States of carbon atoms in the hot rolled sheets were characterized by 3-dimensional atom probe (3D-AP) analysis. The recovery was delayed in the sample containing solute carbon. It is considered that this delay arised from the existence of C–Mn or C–Ti dipole. After 85% cold rolling and annealing at 800°C, the specimen without solute carbon showed {111}‹112› recrystallization texture and polygonal ferrite. In contrast, the specimen contained solute carbon showed {111}‹110› recrystallization texture and pancake shaped ferrite microstructure. It is considered that the difference of recovery behavior affects development of the recrystallization texture.
Photocaged permeability: a new strategy for controlled drug release (2012)

Light is used to release a drug from a cell impermeable small molecule, uncloaking its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells.
A Case of New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae with Putative Secondary Transmission from the Balkan Region in the Netherlands (2012)

New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase 1 (NDM-1) was first identified in 2008 in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from a Swedish patient of Indian origin with a history of medical treatment in a New Delhi hospital for a urinary tract infection ([12][1]). Since then, more such cases in different parts of the
Large-Scale Purification of Photon-Upconversion Nanoparticles by Gel Electrophoresis for Analogue and Digital Bioassays (2018)

The performance of photon-upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) as background-free luminescent labels in bioanalytical applications strongly depends on the preparation of well-defined and water-dispersible nanoconjugates. We have exploited the separation power of agarose-gel electrophoresis to purify milligram amounts of homogeneous UCNPs covered with carboxylated silica, biotin, or streptavidin with recovery rates of 30 to 50%. Clusters containing discrete numbers of UCNPs were isolated from the gel and reanalyzed by agarose-gel electrophoresis, single-nanoparticle-upconversion microscopy, and additional complementary methods. The purified nanoconjugates improved conventional (analogue) bioaffinity assays and provided highly monodisperse conjugates for assays that rely on counting individual UCNPs (digital assays).
Depletion of iNOS-derived nitric oxide by prostaglandin H synthase-2 in inflammation-activated J774.2 macrophages through lipohydroperoxidase turnover (2005)

PGHS-2 (prostaglandin H synthase-2) is induced in mammalian cells by pro-inflammatory cytokines in tandem with iNOS [high-output ('inducible') nitric oxide synthase], and is co-localized with iNOS and nitrotyrosine in human atheroma macrophages. Herein, murine J774.2 macrophages incubated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma showed induction of PGHS-2 and generated NO using iNOS that could be completely depleted by 12(S)-HPETE [12(S)-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid; 2.4 muM] or hydrogen peroxide (500 microM) (0.42+/-0.084 and 0.38+/-0.02 nmol x min(-1) x 10(6) cells(-1) for HPETE and H2O2 respectively). COS-7 cells transiently transfected with human PGHS-2 also showed HPETE- or H2O2-dependent NO decay (0.44+/-0.016 and 0.20+/-0.04 nmol x min(-1) x 10(6) cells(-1) for 2.4 microM HPETE and 500 microM H2O2 respectively). Finally, purified PGHS-2 consumed NO in the presence of HPETE or H2O2 (168 and 140 microM x min(-1) x microM enzyme(-1) for HPETE and H2O2 respectively), in a haem-dependent manner, with 20 nM enzyme consuming up to 4 microM NO. K(m) (app) values for NO and 15(S)-HPETE were 1.7+/-0.2 and 0.45+/-0.16 microM respectively. These data indicate that PGHS-2 catalytically consumes NO during peroxidase turnover and that pro-inflammatory cytokines simultaneously upregulate NO synthesis and degradation pathways in murine macrophages. Catalytic NO consumption by PGHS-2 represents a novel interaction between NO and PGHS-2 that may impact on the biological effects of NO in vascular signalling and inflammation.