gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Optical and electrical properties of pulsed-laser-annealed thin Si films</title> (1994)

Thin Si films used for solar energy purposes are commonly treated by relatively slow thermal annealing on a time scale of seconds to obtain the proper electrical behavior. We investigate a different approach, in which the films are annealed and/or molten by a frequency doubled Q- switched Nd:YAG laser pulse on a nanosecond time scale. We studied thin polycrystalline Si films of thickness between 43 nm and 259 nm on fused silica and on sapphire substrates. The different thermal conductivities of these substrates lead to different quench rates for the molten Si films. The optical and electrical properties of the Si films were systematically characterized during, respectively after the various annealing conditions. In addition we monitored the solidification process in situ by time-resolved optical measurements. At low energy densities the film is not completely molten by the laser pulse and resolidification takes place at the moving liquid-solid interface. Above a thickness-dependent threshold energy density complete melting is observed and nucleation in the supercooled melt prevails. In the latter case Sameshima and Usui showed that amorphization can be observed for Si films on fused silica up to thicknesses of 36 nm. We found that Si films on sapphire even with a thickness of 80 nm can be amophized. The reproducible threshold values suggest the possibility of lateral structuring.
Therapeutic Strategies Targeting Cancer Stem Cells (2011)

The classical clonal evolution theory of neoplastic development supports the notion that cellular transformation results from random mutations and subsequent clonal selection. However, recent advancements in identification of the malignant populations responsible for tumor maintenance and recurrence have lent support to the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis as a model of carcinogenesis, and posit that tumor growth is driven by a rare subpopulation of cells with stem cell-like properties. Cancer stem cells are commonly thought of as derivatives of a normal tissue stem cell that undergoes genetic alterations, which allow for sustained aggressive and clonal characteristics, self-renewal capacity and the ability to differentiate into all populations within a malignancy. Cancer stem cells alone, as compared to the bulk of cells in a tumor, are considered to be responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis and resistance to treatment. Moreover, CSCs are believed to share many properties with normal stem cells providing them with an overall insensitivity to conventional radioand chemotherapy. Therefore, successful targeting of such a highly tumorigenic yet rare population must be considered in order to improve the therapeutic efficacy of the currently available anti-cancer therapy. Here, we provide a summary of recent progress towards development of biomarkers that identify CSCs, the molecular mechanisms behind the conventional anti-cancer therapy resistance, and the development of therapeutic strategies to selectively target CSC populations.
Vertical heat and constituent transport in the mesopause region by dissipating gravity waves at Maui, Hawaii (20.7°N), and Starfire Optical Range, New Mexico (35°N) (2005)

Vertical heat flux profiles induced by dissipating gravity waves in the mesopause region (85–100 km altitude) are derived from Na lidar measurements of winds and temperatures at Maui (20.7°N, 156.3°W), Hawaii, and compared with earlier results from Starfire Optical Range (SOR, 35.0°N, 106.5°W), New Mexico. The heat flux profile at SOR has a single downward maximum of 2.25 ± 0.3 K m/s at 88 km, while the profile at Maui has two downward maxima of 1.25 ± 0.5 K m/s and 1.40 ± 0.5 K m/s at 87 and 95 km, respectively. The common maximum below 90 km can be attributed to high probability of convective instability. Comparison of the horizontal wind shear suggests that the second maximum at 95 km at Maui may be associated with dynamic instability. The measured Na flux and predicted Na flux based on measured heat flux at Maui agree well, further confirming earlier findings using SOR data. The dynamical flux of atomic oxygen estimated from the heat flux is smaller at Maui compared with that at SOR, but both are comparable to or larger than the eddy flux. The results also suggest that weaker gravity wave dissipation at Maui may cause two opposite effects on the energy balance in the mesopause region, a reduced cooling from heat transport and reduced chemical heating from atomic oxygen transport.
Aerobic Photooxidation in Water by Polyoxotungstates: The Case of Uracil (2005)

Abstract Uracil photooxygenation occurs in acidic water (pH = 1) at 25 °C, under oxygen (1 atm), irradiating with λ > 300 nm in the presence of selected polyoxometalates (POM). A marked diversity of photocatalytic behavior is registered for different POMs in terms of oxidation rate and selectivity. H 3 PW 12 O 40 (PW 12 ) appears to be the most reactive photocatalyst, by far superior to isostructural complexes, leading to a product distribution typical of OH · dominated oxidations, while Na 4 W 10 O 32 (W 10 ) and Na 12 [WZn 3 (H 2 O) 2 (ZnW 9 O 34 ) 2 ] (Zn 5 W 19 ) exhibit a preferential reactivity towards uracil glycol. Kinetic studies and radical scavenger probes, performed on target intermediates and model diols, highlight a substantial difference in the mechanism of photocatalysis by the three complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
On Distributed Dynamic Spectrum Allocation for Sequential Arrivals (2010)

We study the potential of a dynamic spectrum management framework that enables sequential allocation of frequency bands for wireless service providers. We present our distributed system design on allocation and pricing with the goal of achieving efficient spectrum utilization, flexible allocations and incentive-compatibility, considering physical interference model among frequency licensees. Our work provides insights on the emerging optimization problems related to the allocation. We show the analytic results that give ideas for well-established heuristics to these problems. We evaluate the proposed framework and algorithms numerically, and we arrive at the conclusion, that even by the simple proposed heuristics the system performs well, thus it is a suitable approach to a flexible distributed dynamic allocation framework.
On Upper bounds forDecentralized MIMO Receiver (2007)

Inthis paperweinvestigate theachievable rateof asystem thatincludes anomadic transmitter withaGaussian codebook andseveral antennas, whichisreceived bymultiple agents, eachwithasingle antenna, suffering independent channel gains andadditive Gaussian noise. Inthenomadicregime, we assumethattheagents donothaveanydecoding ability. These agents process their channel observations andforward ittothe final destination through lossless links withfixed capacities. This paperextends a previous work(1)byproviding newupper boundsontheachievable rates, anddemonstrates optimality of thesuggested coding schemeinseveral asymptotic situations. For afinite 2x 2setting andRayleigh fading, theupper-bounds for bothfast andblockfading aredemonstrated. I.INTRODUCTION Inthis paper weextend onprevious results (1)onanetwork setting inwhichanomadic transmitter hasseveral antennas andiscommunicating toaremote destination, wherenodirect linkexists between thetransmitter andthefinal destination. Thefinal destination receives allofitsinputs fromseveral separated agents, whichareconnected toitthrough fixed lossless links, eachwithagiven capacity. Thechannel between thetransmitting antennas andtheagents iseither theergodic fastfading channel ortheblockfading channel, bothwith independent fading. Thechannel state isknowntotheagents andthefinal destination, butnottothetransmitter. This
Application of PIV in fundamental fluid mechanics: boundary layers, delta wing cross flow and wake vortices (1998)

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is increasingly used for aerodynamic research and development. The PIV technique allows the recording of a complete flow velocity field in a plane of the flow within a few microseconds. Thus, it provides information about unsteady flow fields, which is difficult to obtain with other experimental techniques, especially at the investigation of boundary layers, wake vortices, rotor flow fields and propeller slipstream. The development and application of a stereoscopic PIV system was described
An improved finite element modeling of the cerebrospinal fluid layer in the head impact analysis (2017)

The finite element (FE) method has been widely used to investigate the mechanism of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs), because it is technically difficult to quantify the responses of the brain tissues to the impact in experiments. One of technical challenges to build a FE model of a human head is the modeling of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the brain. In the current study, we propose to use membrane elements to construct the CSF layer. Using the proposed approach, we demonstrate that a head model can be built by using existing meshes available in commercial databases, without using any advanced meshing software tool, and with the sole use of native functions of the FE package Abaqus. The calculated time histories of the intracranial pressures at frontal, posterior fossa, parietal, and occipital positions agree well with the experimental data and the simulations in the literature, indicating that the physical effects of the CSF layer have been accounted for in the proposed modeling approach. The proposed modeling approach would be useful for bioengineers to solve practical problems.
Susceptibility to TGFbeta2-induced cataract increases with aging in the rat. (2000)

An elevation of TGFbeta activity, either acute or chronic, and/or an age-related increase in lens cell susceptibility to TGFbeta may be triggering factors in the etiology of certain forms of cataract.
Connected Patch Array Analysis Using the Characteristic Basis Function Method (2011)

The characteristic basis function method (CBFM) is extended to apply to efficient analysis of dual-polarized connected-patch arrays where neighboring patches are connected via two-wire transmission lines and a groundplane. Comparison with a reference solution shows that the use of tertiary basis functions can significantly improve the CBFM approximation to the array currents and radiation patterns. A simple procedure for estimating the error in the CBFM current is shown to produce good approximations to the true error and therefore may be useful more generally in determining suitable parameters of the CBFM basis. The technique is applied to a prototype phased array feed for a next-generation radio telescope. A thin dielectric supporting the array patches is shown to produce a loading effect that modifies the radiation patterns. Good agreement with the results of other techniques and measured data has been obtained.
Thermogravimetry Analysis of CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O Reduction from Solar Nanosized Zn Powder for Thermochemical Fuel Production (2012)

This study addresses the thermochemical production of CO and H2 as high-value solar fuels from CO2 and H2O using reactive Zn nanoparticles. A two-step thermochemical cycle was considered: Zn-rich nanopowder was first synthesized from solar thermal ZnO dissociation in a high-temperature solar chemical reactor and the reduced material was then used as an oxygen carrier during the CO2 and H2O reduction reactions. The kinetics of CO2 and H2O reduction was investigated by thermogravimetry to demonstrate that the solar-produced nanoparticles react efficiently with CO2 and H2O. Zn started to react from 513 K and almost complete Zn conversion (reaction extent over 95%) was achieved at 633–773 K in less than 5 min, thus confirming that the active Zn-rich nanopowder exhibits rapid fuel production kinetics during H2O and CO2 dissociation. The reaction mechanism was best described by a nucleation and growth model with an activation energy of 43 kJ/mol and an oxidant order of 0.8. The high reactivity of zinc was attributed to the specific solar synthesis route involving ZnO thermal dissociation and condensation of Zn vapor as nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: On Differences Between Racemic and Enantiomerically Pure Forms of Aziridine‐2‐carboxamide. (2013)

Abstract A straightforward, reproducible and scalable method for the synthesis of both enantiomers of aziridine‐2‐carboxamide (Leakadine) is described.
Postnatal endotoxin exposure results in increased insulin sensitivity and altered activity of neuroendocrine axes in adult female rats (2002)

The results indicate that postnatal exposure to LPS leads to increased insulin sensitivity in the adult female rat. In addition, LPS-treated rats showed changes in the regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes. This study suggests that postnatal exposure to an endotoxin such as LPS can induce specific programming of neuroendocrine regulation, with long-term consequences in adult life.
Synthesis of a three-member array of cycloadducts in a glass microchip under pressure driven flow (2002)

The synthesis of a series of cycloadduct products carried out in a glass microchip under pressure driven flow is presented. Initially, four different compounds were synthesized individually with conversions similar to those obtained in the corresponding batch macroscale reactions. Using identical experimental conditions for all four compounds, the results were highly predictable and reproducible, without the need for individual optimization. A multi-reaction experiment was then carried out in a single chip achieving the synthesis of a three-member array in a single run.
Qualitative characterization of biomolecular zinc complexes by collisionally induced dissociation (2002)

Nanospray and collisionally induced dissociation (CID) on a quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometer were used to examine the complexes formed between the zinc ion binding protein metallothionein and a series of peptides related to glutathione. The objective of the study was to determine if CID could be used to distinguish complexes that are stabilized by co-chelation of a zinc ion from non-covalent complexes that were formed in some other way. Differences in the collision energy required for dissociation and, more importantly, differences in the distribution of zinc ions between the pairs of dissociation products suggest that mass spectrometry can provide qualitative information about the bimolecular chelation of metal ions. The potential application to zinc chelates is particularly important, since biological chelates do not provide signals directly detectable by NMR, Mössbauer or other spectroscopies. The observations reported here also allowed a molecular mechanism to be proposed to explain the differences observed by others in the physiological interactions of reduced and oxidized glutathione with metallothionein.
Host-to-guest, excited-state energy transfer in lamellar solids. Photoluminescent properties of hydrated europium uranyl phosphate (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHost-to-guest, excited-state energy transfer in lamellar solids. Photoluminescent properties of hydrated europium uranyl phosphateMichael M. Olken, Carla M. Verschoor, and Arthur B. EllisCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 1, 80–82Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00221a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00221a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of a Mitochondrial Myopathy‐Composite Assessment Tool (2021)

Abstract Background ‘Mitochondrial Myopathy’ (MM) refers to genetically‐confirmed Primary Mitochondrial Disease (PMD) that predominantly impairs skeletal muscle function. Validated outcome measures encompassing core MM domains of muscle weakness, muscle fatigue, imbalance, impaired dexterity, and exercise intolerance do not exist. The goal of this study was to validate clinically‐meaningful, quantitative outcome measures specific to MM. Methods This was a single centre study. Objective measures evaluated included hand‐held dynamometry, balance assessments, Nine Hole Peg Test (9HPT), Functional Dexterity Test (FDT), 30 second Sit to Stand (30s STS), and 6‐minute walk test (6MWT). Results were assessed as z ‐scores, with < −2 standard deviations considered abnormal. Performance relative to the North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) of functional mobility was assessed by Pearson's correlation. Results In genetically‐confirmed MM participants [ n = 59, mean age 21.6 ± 13.9 (range 7 – 64.6 years), 44.1% male], with nuclear gene aetiologies, n = 18/59, or mitochondrial (mtDNA) aetiologies, n = 41/59, dynamometry measurements demonstrated both proximal [dominant elbow flexion (−2.6 ± 2.1, mean z ‐score ± standard deviation, SD), hip flexion (−2.5 ± 2.3), and knee flexion (−2.8 ± 1.3)] and distal muscle weakness [wrist extension (−3.4 ± 1.7), palmar pinch (−2.5 ± 2.8), and ankle dorsiflexion (−2.4 ± 2.5)]. Balance [Tandem Stance (TS) Eyes Open (−3.2 ± 8.8, n = 53) and TS Eyes Closed (−2.6 ± 2.7, n = 52)] and dexterity [FDT (−5.9 ± 6.0, n = 44) and 9HPT (−8.3 ± 11.2, n = 53)] assessments also revealed impairment. Exercise intolerance was confirmed by strength‐based 30s STS test (−2.0 ± 0.8, n = 38) and mobility‐based 6MWT mean z ‐score (−2.9 ± 1.3, n = 46) with significant decline in minute distances (slope −0.9, p = 0.03, n = 46). Muscle fatigue was quantified by dynamometry repetitions with strength decrement noted between first and sixth repetitions at dominant elbow flexors (−14.7 ± 2.2%, mean ± standard error, SEM, n = 21). All assessments were incorporated in the MM‐Composite Assessment Tool (MM‐COAST). MM‐COAST composite score for MM participants was 1.3 ± 0.1 ( n = 53) with a higher score indicating greater MM disease severity, and correlated to NSAA ( r = −0.64, p < 0.0001, n = 52) to indicate clinical meaning. Test–retest reliability of MM‐COAST assessments in an MM subset ( n = 14) revealed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.81 (95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.92) indicating good reliability. Conclusions We have developed and successfully validated a MM‐specific Composite Assessment Tool to quantify the key domains of MM, shown to be abnormal in a Definite MM cohort. MM‐COAST may hold particular utility as a meaningful outcome measure in future MM intervention trials.
Initial Lactate and Lactate Change in Post–Cardiac Arrest (2014)

Lower lactate levels at 0, 12, and 24 hours and greater percent decrease in lactate over the first 12 hours post cardiac arrest are associated with survival and good neurologic outcome.
Dosimetry in radionuclide therapies with 90Y-conjugates: the IEO experience. (2000)

The basis for a successful radionuclide therapy is a high and stable uptake of the radiopharmaceutical in the target tissue along with low activity concentration in other normal organs. The contribution of dosimetry in radionuclide therapy is to predict before the treatment the absorbed doses in tumor and normal organs, to identify the critical organs, to minimize any possible toxicity and to evaluate the maximum tolerated dose. We report our experience concerning pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of two 90Y-therapeutic protocols: 3-step pretargeting radioimmunotherapy (RIT) according to the biotin-avidin system and receptor mediated radionuclide therapy with the somatostatin analogue [DOTA-D-Phe1-Tyr3] octreotide named DOTATOC. For the dosimetric analysis, analogous approaches for the two radiolabeled compounds due to the similar pharmacokinetic characteristics were adopted; the MIRD formalism was applied, taking into account both the physical and the biological characteristics of the radioconjugate and patients' metabolism. In order to determine biological clearance, serial blood samples and complete urine collection were obtained up to 48 hours after injection; to evaluate biodistribution, several whole body scans were acquired. Both therapies showed the advantageous characteristics of a fast blood clearance and a predominantly renal excretion of the radiopharmaceuticals thus lowering the irradiation of the total body. Although pharmacokinetic characteristis were similar, different critical organs were found for the two therapies; in particular, some considerations regarding red marrow, spleen and kidneys were required. The results of our studies indicate that high activities of 90Y-biotin (3-step RIT) and 90Y-DOTATOC can be administered with acceptable radiation doses to normal organs.
Photodeposition of Diffraction Gratings in Glass: A Comparison of Lithographic, Laser Writing and Holographic Deposition (2000)

High-resolution holographic gratings with line spacings ranging from 8 to 50 μm have been achieved by 488 nm photolysis of porous glasses impregnated with Fe(CO) 5 . The interference pattern created with a Mach–Zehnder interferometer and Ar + laser creates a pattern of well-resolved, parallel regions possessing a refractive index and optical density different from those of the bulk glass. Line spacings were calculated from the diffraction of a He–Ne laser and corroborated by optical microscopy. Comparing the optical performance of gratings prepared holographically with those produced by direct laser writing or photolithography establishes significant improvements in the uniformity of the deposited gratings and optical performance. Thermal consolidation of the porous glass at 1200 °C decreases sample volume and line spacing in direct proportion to the decrease in the dimension perpendicular to the grating lines. Consolidation not only improves optical performance by reducing line spacing, but encapsulates the grating within the glass matrix, thereby creating a grating that is unaffected by high laser powers, insensitive to UV excitation, and stable under a variety of environmental and chemical conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHINE EXCHANGE IN TRANS‐CHLOROBIS(METHYLDIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)(2‐(PHENYLAZO)PHENYL)PLATINUM(II)PROMOTED BY INTRAMOLECULAR NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK (1974)

Abstract Anhand von temperaturabhängigen 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren wird für die aus Di‐u‐chlorobis‐ [2‐(phenylazo)‐phenyl‐C2N′]‐platin(II) und dem Liganden dargestellten Titelverbindungen (I) in CDCl 3 oder Nitrobenzol ein rascher Phosphinaustausch bewiesen.