gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF WAVE III OF BRAIN STEM AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIAL DURING MICROVASCULAR DECOMPRESSION OF CRANIAL NERVE VII FOR HEMIFACIAL SPASM (2012)

Introduction: Microvascular Decompression(MVD) is being performed in patients with Hemifacial spasm and Intraoperative monitoring of Brainstem Auditory Response Potential(BAEP) is done to prevent hearing loss that occurs as a complication with MVD

Objective: To evaluate changes of Amplitude and Latency of wave III(wIII) in BAEP during MVD and find its association with postoperative hearing loss(HL) as defined by various criteria(SHL & NSHL)

Methods: Retrospective analysis of wIII in 83 patients who underwent intraoperative monitoring with BAEP during MVD and the results were classified into patients who did not have HL as group and patients who had HL as group based on each of the HL criteria. A stepwise logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the significant independent association of changes in the wIII with HL.

Results: Previous studies shown that wave III is the earliest change in assessing nerve injury and its most significant.But in our study wave III was not found to be significantly different between patients with HL and without HL for various hearing loss criteria,but IPL wI-V was found to be significant.

Conclusion : Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed no statistically significant increase in odds of HL with changes in wIII for various HL criteria..
Verification of a Synchronous Machine Model for Stator Ground Fault Simulation Through Measurements in a Large Generator (2014)

This paper presents a synchronous machine model designed to simulate internal ground faults along the stator windings. The purpose of this model is to help to set the 100 % stator ground fault protection based on the measurement of the third harmonic in the grounding resistor. The setting of the above protection is not easy, as the third harmonic in the generator depends on the operation point and the saturation of the machine. The main contribution of this paper is that the model has been validated through the measurements on a 106 MVA hydro-generator under no-faulty condition obtaining good results. The model has been also tested under faulty conditions obtaining coherent results.
Bound-based identification of timing-violating paths under variability (2009)

We introduce a bound-based technique to identify the top M timing-violating paths in a circuit under variability. These are the paths with the highest violation probability (i.e., C p ) which is the probability that a path (i.e., p) violates the timing constraint. To compute C p , we require the violation probabilities of the nodes (i.e., C n ) and edges (i.e., C e ) on the path. First, we show computing C n and C e of all the nodes and edges requires only two rounds of Statistical Static Timing Analysis and then for each node/edge we need one table lookup for probability calculation using a technique known as Pearson Curve. Given Cn and C e , our major contribution is in computing upper and lower bounds for C p of an arbitrary path segment. We show constant-time for incremental update of the bounds when extending a path segment to a longer one. These bounds can be used to exactly construct the top violating paths. If the goal is to find the single most-violating path, we show a bound-based formulation that can prune a large portion of circuit without losing optimality. In our simulations, we verify the correctness and accuracy of our bounds for individual paths. We also verify identification of selected paths using Monte Carlo simulation. We obtain near-optimal accuracy with fast runtimes.
Identification of requirements for intersatellite links (1988)

Abstract The intersatellite link (ISL) concept has been under evaluation for many years. It has been the subject of various European Space Agency studies, one of which is summarized here. 1 The study was aimed at: outlining a reference scenario for satellite communications in the period 1996–2005, when a new satellite generation (Eutelsat III) is expected to be operational in Europe; analysing, within the above scenario, the opportunities for an ISL implementation; performing a deep system analysis of the selected study cases in order to give the requirements for the first ISL generation; evaluating a micro/millimetre wave implementation of the ISL; evaluating an optical implementation of the ISL; evaluating the technical and economic viability of an ISL and suggesting the best technique to be used in the first ISL generation. The main results achieved in this analysis are that: (i) the usefulness of an early implementation of ISL has been demonstrated; (ii) verification of the system aspects in the communications networks using an ISL appears as one of the most important items; (iii) the availability of optical technologies will increase the opportunities offered to ISL implementation. From these results it is shown that a first‐generation (1995–2005) millimetre‐wave ISL would be preferable for future business systems, while a second‐generation (after 2005) optical ISL could extend the ISL field of application. It is also deemed important to have during 1995–2005 an in‐orbit experiment for optical ISL as a necessary step for a subsequent operational system.
Supporting real-time speech on wireless ad hoc networks (2004)

We consider the problem of supporting real-time traffic over packetized wireless ad hoc networks. Our specific emphasis is on speech, since this is a critical application in many scenarios such as emergency deployment of ad hoc networks. Standard retransmission-based Medium Access Control (MAC) strategies are poorly matched to speech applications, because the payload size for speech as well as for MAC-layer acknowledgements (ACKs) is small compared to the packet header, which contains a large synchronization preamble. In this paper, we show that inter-packet redundancy is significantly more efficient than traditional MAC layer retransmissions, in terms of both network capacity and end-to-end delay. The key observations regarding our design and results are as follows. Because of the small payloads, introducing redundancy across packets only increases the packet transmission time slightly, and hence has negligible impact on the packet collision rate. Thus, we obtain large gains from redundant transmission essentially "for free." Because of the large packet header, elimination of ACKs leads to substantial bandwidth savings. Overall, a combination of inter-packet redundancy (at the MAC layer), path diversity (at the network layer), and multiple description source coding (at the application layer), is shown to provide significant improvements in bandwidth efficiency and delay.
Investigations of the Biological Effects of Airborne and Inhalable Substances by Cell-Based <i>In Vitro</i> Methods: Fundamental Improvements to the ALI Concept (2014)

The state of the art for cell-based in vitro investigations of airborne and inhalable material is “air-liquid interface” (ALI) technology. Cell lines, primary cells, complex 3D models, or precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) are used to represent the lung or skin by way of an in vitro barrier model. These models have been applied in toxicity or pharmacological testing. However, contrasting with a clear demand for alternative methods, there is still no widely accepted procedure for cell-based in vitro testing of inhalable substances. In the light of this, an analysis was undertaken of common drawbacks of current approaches. Hence, the pivotal improvements aimed at were the cellular exposure environment, overall performance and applicability, operability of online investigations during exposure and routine setup. It resulted in an improved device (P.R.I.T. ExpoCube) based on an “all-in-one-plate” concept including all phases of the experiment (cell culture, exposure, and read-out) and all experimental groups (two test gas groups, controls) in one single commercial multiwell plate. Verification of the concept was demonstrated in a first experimental series using reference substances (formaldehyde, ozone, and clean air). The resulting ALI procedure enables the application of inhalable substances and mixtures under highly effective exposure conditions in routine utilization.
Interferometric Spectroscopy Using a Beat Technique (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Dohi and T. Suzuki, "Interferometric Spectroscopy Using a Beat Technique," Appl. Opt. 9, 2182-2183 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Het kind met onduidelijk geslacht: interseks-problematiek (2005)

Ambigue genitaliën staat voor uitwendige geslachts-organen die niet eenduidig mannelijk of vrouwelijk zijn. Twijfel over het geslacht wordt meestal veroorzaakt door het uiterlijk van het genitaal, soms door andere kenmerken.
Crystal structure of human CD4 complexed with MHC class II, peptide and T cell receptor (100.47) (2011)

Abstract The recognition of agonist peptide and MHC class II by T cell receptor (TCR) triggers the activation and development of CD4+ T cells. CD4, as the co-receptor, plays an important role in T cell signaling. Wild-type CD4 contacts the non-polymorphic domains of MHC class II with remarkably low affinity. By using an affinity-matured CD4 molecule, we determined the X-ray crystal structure of the ternary complex between the four Ig-like domains of human CD4 (D1-D4) and a TCR bound to HLA-DR4 bearing an agonist peptide (pMHC). The structure precludes direct CD4-TCR contacts, but provides ample room for the placement of CD3 subunits. Importantly, the CD4-pMHC-TCR complex is incompatible with models for TCR triggering involving MHC or CD4 dimerization. On the other hand, it is compatible with a recent model for T cell activation involving TCR dimerization via the Cα domain. The structure also suggests that non-canonical TCR docking modes, such as those observed in certain autoimmune TCR-pMHC complexes, may affect the association with CD4 and thereby alter T cell triggering. Collectively, our results provide a picture of the CD4-pMHC-TCR signaling complex that will be useful for understanding the initiation events of T cell activation.
A Basic Model for a Twin‐Screw Extruder (1989)

ABSTRACT A model based on solving thermal balance and Stokes equation in a corotating twin‐screw extruder with deep screw channels was developed. The present stage of the model described the evolution of temperature in the conveying section and the isothermal evolution of pressure in the melt pumping and reverse screw elements, with a Newtonian viscosity adapted to each part of the screw; residence time distribution in the whole extruder was also computed. Experimental validation was carried out on a pilot scale twin‐screw extruder CLEXTRAL BC 45 fed with maize starch. Good agreement was found between the theoretical and actual temperature and pressure profiles, as well as with residence time distribution. In standard operating conditions (30 kg/hr, 200 rpm), the pressure generation in one C‐shaped chamber was computed to be about 2.2 MPa, while pressure drops were about 0.3 MPa (intermeshing zone) and 0.5 MPa (reverse screw element) while the major part of the residence time per unit of screw length was spent in the reverse screw element.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF SOLUTIONS CONTAINING HISTIDINE AND LACTOBIONATE FOR HEART, PANCREAS, AND LIVER PRESERVATION IN THE RAT (1992)

Fifty-five rat pancreas transplants, 18 rat heart transplants, and 41 rat liver transplants were performed using standard UW solution, the new HL solution (HL-I), or a modified HL solution (HL-II). Storage times of 18 hr were used in the heart preservation experiments, 24 hr in the liver preservation experiments, and 48 or 72 hr in the pancreas preservation experiments. HL-I solution was superior to both HL-II and UW solution for heart preservation (1-week graft survival rates of 100% [7/7], 0% [0/5], and 50% [3/6], respectively). HL-I and HL-II were superior to UW for 24 hr liver preservation (1-week graft survival rates of 78% [11/14], 80% [8/10], and 29% [5/17], respectively). In contrast, HL-II was superior to both HL-I and UW solutions for pancreas preservation following both 48-hr preservation and 72-hr preservation. Satisfactory graft function was achieved in 100% (7/7), 40% (6/15), and 44.4% (4/9) of pancreases transplanted after 48 hr using HL-II, HL-I, and UW solutions, respectively, and in 50% (4/8), 0% (0/8), and 0% (0/8) following 72-hr preservation. Histidine- and lactobionate-containing solutions thus represent a further improvement in organ preservation by simple cold storage.
Two Isoenzymes of Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase Have Different Kinetics of K<sup>+</sup> Dephosphorylation in Normal Cat and Human Brain Cortex (1990)

Analysis of purified Na+,K+-ATPase from cat and human cortex by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals two large catalytic subunits called alpha (-) (lower molecular weight) and alpha (+) (higher molecular weight). Differences in K+ dephosphorylation of these two molecular forms have been investigated by measuring the phosphorylation level of each protein after their separation on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. In the presence of Na+, Mg2+, and ATP, both subunits are phosphorylated. Increasing concentrations (from 0 to 3 mM) of K+ induce progressive dephosphorylation of both alpha-subunits, although the phosphoprotein content of alpha (-) is decreased significantly less than that of alpha (+). Ka values of alpha (-) for K+ are 40% and 50% greater in cat and human cortex, respectively, than values of alpha (+). alpha (-) and alpha (+) are thought to be localized in specific cell types of the brain: alpha (-) is the exclusive form of nonneuronal cells (astrocytes), whereas alpha (+) is the only form of axolemma. Our results support the hypothesis that glial and neuronal Na+,K+-ATPases are different molecular entities differing at least by their K+ sensitivity. Results are discussed in relation to the role of glial cells in the regulation of extracellular K+ in brain.
Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells both produce interferon‐λ and respond to interferon‐λ stimulation (2008)

PDC are considered to be “professional” type I IFN producing cells in that they produce 10–100‐fold more IFN‐α in response to enveloped viruses than other cell types. We investigated the ability of human PDC to produce and respond to IFN‐λ (IL‐28/‐29). We developed an intracellular flow cytometry assay to assess the expression of IFN‐λ protein. A subset of IFN‐α + PDC was found to express IFN‐λ after stimulation with HSV, flu, Sendai virus, as well as with TLR9 and ‐7 agonists, with IFN‐λ expressed by those cells with the highest IFN‐α expression. As we previously reported for IFN‐α, cross‐linking of CD4 on PDC inhibited HSV‐induced IFN‐λ production. Also as with IFN‐α, HSV‐induced IFN‐λ production in PDC was mediated through TLR9. By ELISA, PDC produced ~10‐fold more IFN‐α than –λ. Both unstimulated and stimulated PDC were found to express high levels of IFN‐λ receptor mRNA and stimulated PDC expressed both IFN‐λ1 (IL‐29) and –λ2 (IL‐28) mRNA. IFN‐λ treatment of PDC led to upregulation of the expression of both IFN‐α and IFN‐λ protein. In addition, exogenous IFN‐λ inhibited apoptosis of PDC. We conclude that PDC are major producers of IFN‐λ in response to viral stimulation and also express receptors for this cytokine. Moreover, these receptors are functional in that IFN‐λ has autocrine effects that strengthen the antiviral activity of the PDC by increasing both IFN‐α and IFN‐λ production and promoting PDC survival. (AI26806).
Monitoring of platelet morphology during storage of platelet concentrates (1989)

During storage, human platelet concentrates progressively lose the capacity to survive and function in vivo after transfusion. A shape transformation from disc to sphere is the most reliable in vitro determinant for the loss of the in vivo survival of platelets. To find an objective measurement for platelet morphology, we studied the effect of anticoagulant, temperature, and storage on the apparent median platelet volume (MPV) as determined by a particle counter and on changes in platelet shape as measured and by light microscopy. Changes in MPV, light transmission, and morphology score by light microscopy were observed within 1 minute after collection of blood in CPDA. As compared to blood immediately fixed on withdrawal, in CPDA blood, the MPV increased from 4.1 to 5.7 fl, and light transmission difference decreased from 22 to 7 percent. A partial restoration of these determinants was found when the whole blood was incubated for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C, before preparation of platelet-rich plasma. In the first 5 days of platelet storage, the MPV increased from 4.6 to 5.0 fl; thereafter, it started to decrease. An increase in fragmented platelets after 5 days was observed on light microscopy. The light transmission difference showed a slow disc-to-sphere transformation during storage. This transformation accelerated from Day 5 to Day 7; after 11 days, only spheres were detected. After 7 days the swirling pattern scores were still in accordance with the presence of discs, whereas the other structure-associated determinants showed already spheric and even fragmented platelets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effects of granulation method and drug dissolved in binder solution on compressibility of granules. (1990)

Acetaminophen and ascorbic acid, which are slightly and highly soluble in water, respectively, were granulated with a low viscosity grade of hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC-L) aqueous solution by high-speed mixing, fluidized bed granulation, and spray drying. The granules obtained were compacted into tablets and their strengths were evaluated.The binding strength of acetaminophen granules increased with increase in the amount of water used, irrespective of the granulation method. On the other hand, the binding strength of ascorbic acid granules depended greatly on the granulation method and decreased when an excessive amount of water was used. The ascorbic acid granules obtained by fluidized bed and spray drying granulation with the minimum amount of water exhibited high compressibitlity. In these granules, the surface of crystals was found to be entirely coated with the binder. It is considered that the high solubility of the drug in the binder solution enabled such coating to occur, though excessive dissolution of the drug led to a decrease in compressibility.
SAMNet: a network-based approach to integrate multi-dimensional high throughput datasets (2012)

The rapid development of high throughput biotechnologies has led to an onslaught of data describing genetic perturbations and changes in mRNA and protein levels in the cell. Because each assay provides a one-dimensional snapshot of active signaling pathways, it has become desirable to perform multiple assays (e.g. mRNA expression and phospho-proteomics) to measure a single condition. However, as experiments expand to accommodate various cellular conditions, proper analysis and interpretation of these data have become more challenging. Here we introduce a novel approach called SAMNet, for Simultaneous Analysis of Multiple Networks, that is able to interpret diverse assays over multiple perturbations. The algorithm uses a constrained optimization approach to integrate mRNA expression data with upstream genes, selecting edges in the protein-protein interaction network that best explain the changes across all perturbations. The result is a putative set of protein interactions that succinctly summarizes the results from all experiments, highlighting the network elements unique to each perturbation. We evaluated SAMNet in both yeast and human datasets. The yeast dataset measured the cellular response to seven different transition metals, and the human dataset measured cellular changes in four different lung cancer models of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), a crucial process in tumor metastasis. SAMNet was able to identify canonical yeast metal-processing genes unique to each commodity in the yeast dataset, as well as human genes such as β-catenin and TCF7L2/TCF4 that are required for EMT signaling but escaped detection in the mRNA and phospho-proteomic data. Moreover, SAMNet also highlighted drugs likely to modulate EMT, identifying a series of less canonical genes known to be affected by the BCR-ABL inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec), suggesting a possible influence of this drug on EMT.
Lattice thermal conductivity of wires (1999)

The lattice thermal conductivity of free standing wires is calculated within a Boltzmann equation approach. Diffusive and specular phonon scattering at the wire surfaces are included by appropriate boundary conditions on the phonon distribution. The wire thermal conductivity is found to decrease markedly below the bulk value for narrow wires. We show that this decrease in wires is larger than that which occurs in free standing wells of comparable size.
Photochemistry of conjugated nitrogen-carbonyl systems. III Photosensitized oxygenation of 3- and 6-substituted 2-pyridones. (1987)

Irradiation of solutions of 3-and 6-substituted 2-pyridones (1) in the presence of methylene blue as a sensitizer under an oxygen atmosphere gave 3-substituted pyridine-2, 6- (1H, 3H) -diones (2) and 6-substituted pyridine-2, 3- (1H, 6H) -diones (3), respectively, which are probably derived from the intermediate endoperoxides (6).
Computer Investigation of a Latent-Image Model* (1965)

The paper describes a method for computing the response of a hypothetical photographic emulsion, given a detailed model for latent-image formation and development. A digital computer generates a random sequence of events simulating those which occur during and after exposure of a photographic grain. The computer records all of the active centers which form as a result of these events, and gives as a final result the number of silver specks of each size. The application of some developability criterion to these data determines whether or not the grain is developable and how many development centers it contains. The process is repeated until an adequate sampling of grains is represented, and the results are compared with data from actual emulsions. The method yields D–log E, reciprocity-failure, or development-center distribution characteristics. The authors propose a model as a working hypothesis to explain the response characteristics of a simple photographic emulsion [ H. E. Spencer R. E. Atwell , J. Opt. Soc. Am.54, 498 ( 1964); H. E. Spencer L. E. Brady J. F. Hamilton , ibid. 54,492 ( 1964)]. This model contains many features in common with the Gurney–Mott mechanism of latent-image formation, including: reversible electron-trapping; ionic neutralization of trapped electrons; recombination; thermal decay of single silver atoms; permanent hole-trapping; permanent electron-trapping at silver aggregates, etc. The effects of changes in various physical parameters on photographic response are determined. The study shows that the observed effects of sulfur sensitization of this emulsion can be simulated by moderate increases in the depth of electron traps and in the stability of single silver atoms.
Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers as Building Blocks for High Coordination Number Metallomesogens (2001)

A monotropic smectic A phase is exhibited by adducts of tris(β-diketonato)lanthanide(III) complexes with a non-mesomorphic salicylaldimine Schiff base as Lewis base. Only four terminal alkyl chains were necessary in the Schiff base to induce mesomorphism in [La(dbm)3] (see formula). Hdbm = 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione (dibenzoylmethane).