gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activated oncogenes promote and cooperate with chromosomal instability for neoplastic transformation (2004)

Most cancer cells are aneuploid. The chromosomal instability hypothesis contends that aneuploidy is the catalyst for transformation, whereas the gene mutation hypothesis asserts that cancer is driven by mutations to proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, with the aneuploidy a side effect of tumorigenesis. Because genotoxic stress induced by "culture shock" can obscure the transforming potential of exogenous genes, we cultured wild-type and p53(-/-) mouse embryo fibroblasts in a more physiological (serum-free) environment. Under these conditions, the cells were immortal and, more importantly, chromosomally stable. Expression of oncogenic H-RasV12 did not induce senescence, but sensitized these cells to p53-dependent apoptosis. In addition, H-RasV12 induced chromosomal instability, as well as accumulation and phosphorylation of p53. Significantly, whereas cells grown under standard conditions could be transformed by coexpression of H-RasV12 and E1A, the chromosomally stable cells were refractory to transformation, as measured by anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in nude mice. These oncogenes required a third genetic alteration that abolished the p53 pathway to create a permissive environment that promotes rapid chromosomal instability and transformation. Oncogene-induced chromosomal instability and transformation was attenuated by antioxidants. These data indicate that chromosomal instability could be a catalyst for oncogenic transformation, and bring together aspects of the chromosomal instability hypothesis and the gene mutation hypothesis for tumorigenesis.
Exercise-related hypoglycemia in diabetes mellitus (2010)

Current recommendations are that people with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus exercise regularly. However, in cases in which insulin or insulin secretagogues are used to manage diabetes, patients have an increased risk of developing hypoglycemia, which is amplified during and after exercise. Repeated episodes of hypoglycemia blunt autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine and metabolic defenses (counter-regulatory responses) against subsequent episodes of falling blood glucose levels during exercise. Likewise, antecedent exercise blunts counter-regulatory responses to subsequent hypoglycemia. This can lead to a vicious cycle, by which each episode of either exercise or hypoglycemia further blunts counter-regulatory responses. Although contemporary insulin therapies cannot fully mimic physiologic changes in insulin secretion, people with diabetes have several management options to avoid hypoglycemia during and after exercise, including regularly monitoring blood glucose, reducing basal and/or bolus insulin, and consuming supplemental carbohydrates.
Cascade synthesis of new tetracyclic heteroaromatic thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-containing ring systems (2009)

Flash vacuum pyrolysis of appropriate stabilised ylides, prepared in a few steps from 2-(methylthio)nicotinic acid, give products containing previously unknown naphtho-, phenanthro-, benzothieno- and benzofuro-fused thieno[2,3-b]pyridine ring systems.
Fibril-mediated adherence of Actinomyces viscosus to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite (1980)

Fibril-mediated adherence of Actinomyces viscosus strain T14V cells to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite was studied. Fibrils were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and differential centrifugation from the crude supernatant of whole cells that were sheared by one passage through a French pressure cell. Purified fibrils and crude supernatant inhibited strain T14V adherence to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite to similar extents. However, anti-strain T14V serum and antifibril specific antibody completely abolished strain T14V adherence. The blocking immunoglobulin could be adsorbed from anti-T14V serum by strain T14V whole cells, by purified fibrils, and, to a lesser extent, by cell walls. It was concluded that fibrils mediate adherence of strain T14V cells to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. In addition, fibril preparations were shown to contain more than 95% protein and to be antigenically homogeneous by immunodiffusion and Laurell rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Purified fibril preparations showed serological identity with the virulence-associated 1 antigen of Lancefield-extracted T14V cells, whereas crude supernatants contained both virulence-associated 1 and virulence-associated 2 antigens, as shown by rocket immunoelectrophoresis.
Binary and multicomponent solutions of amphiphilic compounds. Solubilization and the formation, structure, and theoretical significance of liquid crystalline solutions (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinary and multicomponent solutions of amphiphilic compounds. Solubilization and the formation, structure, and theoretical significance of liquid crystalline solutionsP. A. WinsorCite this: Chem. Rev. 1968, 68, 1, 1–40Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60251a001https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60251a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1446Altmetric-Citations381LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CLINICAL TRIAL OF A NEW ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE PILL CONTAINING THE NATURAL OESTROGEN 17β‐OESTRADIOL (1979)

The natural oestrogen, 17 beta-oestradiol, has been shown not to depress fibrinolysis and apparently has less influence on liver function and lipid metabolism than ethinyl oestradiol, the synthetic oestrogen in conventional 'combined' oral contraceptive tablets. A triple-blind study was therefore made of 215 women during 2051 treatment cycles with oral contraceptives containing either (i) 4 mg of micronized 17 beta-oestradiol and 3 mg norethisterone (Netagen 403), (ii) 4 mg 17 beta-oestradiol plus 2 mg of oestriol and 3 mg norethisterone (Netagen 423) or (iii) 50 microgram ethinyl oestradiol and 3 mg norethisterone (Netasyn). There were no pregnancies or thrombotic incidents. The numbers discontinuing treatment were about the same in the three groups, the main reasons being intermenstrual spotting in those on Netagen 423, amenorrhoea and weight gain in those on Netagen 403 and nausea and weight gain in those on Netasyn. The natural oestrogen showed promise as a new and safe component of the 'combined' pill.
Automatic mood detection and tracking of music audio signals (2005)

Music mood describes the inherent emotional expression of a music clip. It is helpful in music understanding, music retrieval, and some other music-related applications. In this paper, a hierarchical framework is presented to automate the task of mood detection from acoustic music data, by following some music psychological theories in western cultures. The hierarchical framework has the advantage of emphasizing the most suitable features in different detection tasks. Three feature sets, including intensity, timbre, and rhythm are extracted to represent the characteristics of a music clip. The intensity feature set is represented by the energy in each subband, the timbre feature set is composed of the spectral shape features and spectral contrast features, and the rhythm feature set indicates three aspects that are closely related with an individual's mood response, including rhythm strength, rhythm regularity, and tempo. Furthermore, since mood is usually changeable in an entire piece of classical music, the approach to mood detection is extended to mood tracking for a music piece, by dividing the music into several independent segments, each of which contains a homogeneous emotional expression. Preliminary evaluations indicate that the proposed algorithms produce satisfactory results. On our testing database composed of 800 representative music clips, the average accuracy of mood detection achieves up to 86.3%. We can also on average recall 84.1% of the mood boundaries from nine testing music pieces.
Change detection in dynamic attributed networks (2018)

A network provides powerful means of representing complex relationships between entities by abstracting entities as vertices, and relationships as edges connecting vertices in a graph. Beyond the presence or absence of relationships, a network may contain additional information that can be attributed to the entities and their relationships. Attaching these additional attribute data to the corresponding vertices and edges yields an attributed graph. Moreover, in the majority of real‐world applications, such as online social networks, financial networks and transactional networks, relationships between entities evolve over time. Change detection in dynamic attributed networks is an important problem in many areas, such as fraud detection, cyber intrusion detection, and health care monitoring. It is a challenging problem because it involves a time sequence of attributed graphs, each of which is usually very large and can contain many attributes attached to the vertices and edges, resulting in a complex, high‐dimensional mathematical object. In this survey we provide an overview of some of the existing change detection methods that utilize attribute information. We categorize these methods based on the levels of structure in the graph that are exploited to detect changes. These levels are vertices, edges, subgraphs, communities, and the overall graph. We focus attention on the strengths and weaknesses of these methods, including their performance and scalability. Furthermore, we discuss some publicly available dynamic network datasets and give a brief overview of models to generate dynamic attributed networks. Finally, we discuss the limitations of existing approaches identifying key areas for future research. This article is categorized under: Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining Technologies > Machine Learning Application Areas > Business and Industry
[FTIR studies on the chemical composition of wheat straw in different layers]. (2003)

The differences of chemical composition in various layers of wheat straw were studied by infrared spectroscopy with OMNI sampler. The dependence of surface chemical composition of wheat straw on the processing methods was also studied. The results show that there is large amount of SiO2(-1,070 cm-1, -800 cm-1) in the surface of wheat straw. The out layer contains large amount of non-aromatic esters(nu c-o = 1,733 cm-1). There is few OH-containing (-3,300 cm-1) on the surface. The lignin(1,731, 1,650, 1,595, 1,505, 1,455, 1,425, 1,234, 1,039 and 835 cm-1) and cellulose(3,350, 2,935, 2,850, 1,650, 1,455, 1,430, 1,367, 1,317, 1,160, 1,034 and 891 cm-1) are the main species in the middle and inner layers of wheat straw. The large amount of surface SiO2 is mainly responsible for the poor adhesive property in the manufacture of the man-made board. Only a small amount of hydrocarbon and non-aromatic esters is dissolved out when treating the wheat straw with hot water, however, the aqueous NaOH treatment may make esters and SiO2 dissolved out, and then the processing of the man-made board becomes praticable.
Cytosolic Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase : Implications in Lipid Biosynthesis in Yeast, Plants and Human (2008)

Cytosolic LPA acyltransferase in yeast
An isooctane tolerant strain of S. cerevisiae KK-12 was reported to have increased saturated fatty acid content (Miura et. al., 2000). Amongst the various genes upregulated on isooctane treatment, ICT1 (Increased Copper Tolerance 1) was
found to have maximal expression (Miura et. al., 2000; Matsui et. al., 2006). This
gene in S. cerevisiae is encoded by YLR099C annotated as Ict1p. However, the physiological significance of Ict1p was not understood. Here we showed that an
increase in the synthesis of phosphatidic acid (PA) is responsible for enhanced
phospholipid synthesis, which confers organic solvent tolerance to S. cerevisiae.
This increase in the PA formation is due to the upregulation of Ict1p, a soluble
oleoyl-CoA dependent lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) specific acyltransferase.
Analysis of Δict1 strain by in vivo [32P]orthophosphate labeling showed a drastic reduction in PA, suggesting the role of Ict1p in phospholipid biosynthesis.
Overexpression of Ict1p in S. cerevisiae showed an increase in PA and the overall
phospholipid content on organic solvent exposure. The purified recombinant
enzyme was found to specifically acylate LPA. Specific activity of Ict1p was found
to be higher for oleoyl-CoA as compared to palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. The
study therefore, provides a mechanistic basis of solvent tolerance in S. cerevisiae.It is well known that phosphatidic acid (PA) is formed by the acylation of LPA by LPA acyltransferase. However, all the LPA acyltransferases characterized till date have distinct transmembrane domains and form a member of membrane bound biosynthetic machinery of phospholipid biosynthesis. They have a conserved signature motif, H(X)4D. Phosphatidic acid is an important precursor for the synthesis of glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols. PA enters the biosynthetic pathway of phospholipids through a CTP-dependent activation catalyzed by CDPdiacylglycerol synthase. This enzyme forms CDP-diacylglycerol, which serves as a
direct precursor for phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin. PA
can also be dephosphorylated by phosphatidic acid phosphatase yielding diacylglycerol, which serves as a precursor for the formation of PE and PC through the CDP-ethanolamine and CDP-choline pathway or for the triacylglycerol synthesis through a dephosphorylation step followed by an acylation establishing it as a supreme molecule for the acylglycerol biosynthesis.
Since, PA is an important intermediate and that there are mechanisms to synthesize PA, other than the conventional membrane bound pathways, we wanted to understand whether such a mechanism of PA biosynthesis is conserved across the plant and animal kingdom. Therefore, we resorted to analyze Ict1p like proteins in
Arabidopsis and human whose complete genome sequence is available.
Cytosolic LPA acyltransferase in Arabidopsis
Homology search with ICT1 in Arabidopsis thaliana genome, led to the
identification of At4g24160 as a close relative. In order to gain an insight into the
significance of…
Enhanced and Balanced Microalgal Wastewater Treatment (COD, N, and P) by Interval Inoculation of Activated Sludge (2019)

Although chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an important issue for wastewater treatment, COD reduction with microalgae has been less studied compared to nitrogen or phosphorus removal. COD removal is not efficient in conventional wastewater treatment using microalgae, because the algae release organic compounds, thereby finally increasing the COD level. This study focused on enhancing COD removal and meeting the effluent standard for discharge by optimizing sludge inoculation timing, which was an important factor in forming a desirable algae/bacteria consortium for more efficient COD removal and higher biomass productivity. Activated sludge has been added to reduce COD in many studies, but its inoculation was done at the start of cultivation. However, when the sludge was added after 3 days of cultivation, at which point the COD concentration started to increase again, the algal growth and biomass productivity were higher than those of the initial sludge inoculation and control (without sludge). Algal and bacterial cell numbers measured by qPCR were also higher with sludge inoculation at 3 days later. In a semi-continuous cultivation system, a hydraulic retention time of 5 days with sludge inoculation resulted in the highest biomass productivity and N/P removal. This study achieved a further improved COD removal than the conventional microalgal wastewater treatment, by introducing bacteria in activated sludge at optimized timing.
Arnebia root oil promotes wound healing and expression of basic fibroblast growth factor on the wound surface in rabbits (2006)

The promoting effect of arnebia root oils on wound healing may be related to increasing the expression level of basic fibroblast growth factor in the skin wound.
Bacterial flavin-containing monooxygenase is trimethylamine monooxygenase (2011)

Flavin-containing monooxygenases (FMOs) are one of the most important monooxygenase systems in Eukaryotes and have many important physiological functions. FMOs have also been found in bacteria; however, their physiological function is not known. Here, we report the identification and characterization of trimethylamine (TMA) monooxygenase, termed Tmm, from Methylocella silvestris, using a combination of proteomic, biochemical, and genetic approaches. This bacterial FMO contains the FMO sequence motif (FXGXXXHXXXF/Y) and typical flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-binding domains. The enzyme was highly expressed in TMA-grown M. silvestris and absent during growth on methanol. The gene, tmm, was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the purified recombinant protein had high Tmm activity. Mutagenesis of this gene abolished the ability of M. silvestris to grow on TMA as a sole carbon and energy source. Close homologs of tmm occur in many Alphaproteobacteria, in particular Rhodobacteraceae (marine Roseobacter clade, MRC) and the marine SAR11 clade (Pelagibacter ubique). We show that the ability of MRC to use TMA as a sole carbon and/or nitrogen source is directly linked to the presence of tmm in the genomes, and purified Tmm of MRC and SAR11 from recombinant E. coli showed Tmm activities. The tmm gene is highly abundant in the metagenomes of the Global Ocean Sampling expedition, and we estimate that 20% of the bacteria in the surface ocean contain tmm. Taken together, our results suggest that Tmm, a bacterial FMO, plays an important yet overlooked role in the global carbon and nitrogen cycles.
A single-chip image rejecting receiver for the 2.44 GHz band using commercial GaAs-MESFET-technology (1994)

A single-chip receiver for the 2.44 GHz band has been designed. To minimize the number of chip connections as well as external components, an image rejecting architecture has been chosen. A two-stage voltage controlled ring oscillator is used as a quadrature LO-source. The IF phase relationship is achieved with RC allpass circuits. Special attention is paid to keep the design insensitive to process variations. The 3-mm/sup 2/ chip has been fabricated with commercial 1-/spl mu/m E/D GaAs MESFET technology and comprises an RF preamplifier, a voltage controlled ring oscillator, a phasing type image reject mixer, an IF preamplifier and a prescaler (division by 16). Except for the power supply and the frequency tuning voltage, no external components are required for basic operation. Prototype devices from two wafer runs were investigated. Power consumption from a single supply voltage of 5 V is 0.6 W. An image rejection of 34 dB is measured over a 130 to 280 MHz IF bandwidth. With a simple input symmetrizing and matching network, a conversion gain of 34 dB and a noise figure of 6.5 dB are achieved. The short term frequency instability of the free running ring oscillator is 400 kHz. With simple passive analog phase lock circuitry, an SSB phase noise of -74 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset is attained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Source separation for simultaneous towed-streamer marine acquisition — A compressed sensing approach (2015)

ABSTRACT Simultaneous marine acquisition is an economic way to sample seismic data and speed up acquisition, wherein single or multiple source vessels fire sources at near-simultaneous or slightly random times, resulting in overlapping shot records. The current paradigm for simultaneous towed-streamer marine acquisition incorporates “low variability” in source firing times, i.e., 0≤1 or 2 s because the sources and receivers are moving. This results in a low degree of randomness in simultaneous data, which is challenging to separate (into its constituent sources) using compressed-sensing-based separation techniques because randomization is key to successful recovery via compressed sensing. We have addressed the challenge of source separation for simultaneous towed-streamer acquisitions via two compressed-sensing-based approaches, i.e., sparsity promotion and rank minimization. We have evaluated the performance of the sparsity-promotion- and rank-minimization-based techniques by simulating two simultaneous towed-streamer acquisition scenarios, i.e., over/under and simultaneous long offset. A field data example from the Gulf of Suez for the over/under acquisition scenario was also developed. We observed that the proposed approaches gave good and comparable recovery qualities of the separated sources, but the rank-minimization technique outperformed the sparsity-promoting technique in terms of the computational time and memory. We also compared these two techniques with the normal-moveout-based median-filtering-type approach, which had comparable results.
Efficient trace-driven simulation method for cache performance analysis (1990)

We propose improvements to current trace-driven cache simulation methods to make them faster and more economical. We attack the large time and space demands of cache simulation in two ways. First, we reduce the program traces to the extent that exact performance can still be obtained from the reduced traces. Second, we devise an algorithm that can produce performance results for a variety of metrics (hit ratio, write-back counts, bus traffic) for a large number of set-associative write-back caches in just a single simulation run. The trace reduction and the efficient simulation techniques are extended to parallel multiprocessor cache simulations. Our simulation results show that our approach substantially reduces the disk space needed to store the program traces and can dramatically speedup cache simulations and still produce the exact results.
Cross-polarization and sidelobe suppression in dual linear polarization antenna arrays (1997)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in dual linear polarization antennas for various purposes, e.g. polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging. A key design goal for dual polarization antennas is to obtain a high cross-polarization suppression. When using standard techniques for improving the cross-polarization suppression in dual linear polarization antenna arrays undesired sidelobes appear. This paper describes the properties of some known cross-polarization suppression methods and presents a new method for obtaining high cross-polarization suppression and simultaneously avoiding undesired sidelobes.