gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making depth migration work in complex structures (1992)

Velocity variations that exist in areas of complex structure significantly distort seismic wave propagation. TO properly image reflectors in complex structure, these effects from the velocity variations must be accounted for. time migration doesn’t work since it assumes a locally invariant velocity. Depth migration is needed since it can handle the complicated wavefield effects of non-constant local velocity. Depth migration in complex structure using the correct velocity field enables the image to be optimally stacked and positioned at the correct depth. Although the field of depth migration is advancing at a fast pace, it has limited impact in the search for oil because it rarely produces images or depth structures superior to those of conventional methods. This failure results from the difficulty of determining the velocity field for the depth migration. A form of depth migration velocity analysis is needed to produce an accurate interval velocity field. Migration velocity analysis extends many of the concepts of stacking semblance analysis to complex structure. Like stacking semblance analysis, migration velocity analysis will be a key interpretive step in the processing flow. Unlike stacking semblance analysis, the considerable geologic knowledge of the interpreter can significantly help migration velocity analysis. With the increasing speed of computers and the development of interactive systems, the processor or interpreter will soon have the capability to perform migration velocity analysis in his office. Depth migration velocity analysis is the key to making depth migration work better on complex structures and help us find previously hidden
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Reduction of 3,3‐Heterodimetallated Allyl Acetates ‐ Synthesis and Reactivity of Dimetallated Allylic Compounds. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> ABCG34 contributes to defense against necrotrophic pathogens by mediating the secretion of camalexin (2017)

Plant pathogens cause huge yield losses. Plant defense often depends on toxic secondary metabolites that inhibit pathogen growth. Because most secondary metabolites are also toxic to the plant, specific transporters are needed to deliver them to the pathogens. To identify the transporters that function in plant defense, we screened <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> mutants of full-size ABCG transporters for hypersensitivity to sclareol, an antifungal compound. We found that <i>atabcg34</i> mutants were hypersensitive to sclareol and to the necrotrophic fungi <i>Alternaria brassicicola</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i><i>AtABCG34</i> expression was induced by <i>A</i><i>brassicicola</i> inoculation as well as by methyl-jasmonate, a defense-related phytohormone, and AtABCG34 was polarly localized at the external face of the plasma membrane of epidermal cells of leaves and roots. <i>atabcg34</i> mutants secreted less camalexin, a major phytoalexin in <i>A</i><i>thaliana</i>, whereas plants overexpressing AtABCG34 secreted more camalexin to the leaf surface and were more resistant to the pathogen. When treated with exogenous camalexin, <i>atabcg34</i> mutants exhibited hypersensitivity, whereas BY2 cells expressing AtABCG34 exhibited improved resistance. Analyses of natural <i>Arabidopsis</i> accessions revealed that AtABCG34 contributes to the disease resistance in naturally occurring genetic variants, albeit to a small extent. Together, our data suggest that AtABCG34 mediates camalexin secretion to the leaf surface and thereby prevents <i>A</i><i>brassicicola</i> infection.
Coherent effects in pump–probe spectroscopy of excitons (1988)

Femtosecond measurements of coherent effects arising from exciton bleaching in bulk GaAs are reported. This phenomenon, which is characterized by spectral oscillatory structures, is general and appears whenever the temporal resolution is shorter than the material coherence time. This is shown to be a manifestation of the uncertainty relation in time-resolved spectroscopy.
Microcapsules for arterial chemoembolization: appearance and<i>in vitro</i>drug release characteristics (1988)

Microcapsules made of eight different capsular materials and containing floxuridine (FUDR) were formulated and evaluated with regard to physical properties (size and structure) and in vitro drug release characteristics. Capsules averaged 100, 150 and 200 micron in diameter and appeared as either round or 'crystalline' particles. The degree and pattern of drug release was dependent on the capsular material used. Alteration in the molecular architecture of a specific material produced changes in the percentage of total encapsulated drug released per unit of time, but not in the pattern of release. Changing capsular size or amount of drug contained within the capsules failed to alter either the pattern of drug release or the percentage of encapsulated drug released per unit of time. However, changes in either parameter did affect the total amount of drug released per unit of time.
Effects of cover crop presence, cover crop species selection and fungicide seed treatment on corn seedling growth (2017)

Abstract Cover crops can offer erosion protection as well as soil and environmental quality benefits. Cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) is the most commonly used winter cover crop in corn–soybean rotations in the upper Midwest of the USA because of its superior winter hardiness and growth at cool temperatures. Cereal rye cover crops, however, can occasionally have negative impacts on the yield of a following corn crop, which discourages broader adoption and introduces substantial risk for corn farmers employing cover crops. We hypothesized that because cereal rye shares some pathogens with corn, it may be causing increased disease in corn seedlings planted soon after cereal rye termination. To test this, we performed a series of experiments in a controlled environment chamber to assess the response of corn seedlings with and without a commercial fungicide seed treatment to the presence of cereal rye or other species of cover crops that were terminated with herbicide prior to corn planting. Our results indicate that under cool and wet conditions, cereal rye reduces corn seedling growth performance and increases incidence of corn seedling root disease. Fungicide seed treatment had limited efficacy in preventing these effects, perhaps because environmental conditions were set to be very conducive for disease development. However, hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth) and winter canola ( Brassica napus L.) cover crops had fewer negative impacts on corn seedlings compared with cereal rye. Thus, to expand the practice of cover cropping before corn, it should become a research priority to develop alternative management practices to reduce the risk of corn seedling root infection following cereal rye cover crops. Over the longer term, testing, selection and breeding efforts should identify potential cover crop species or genotypes that are able to match the winter hardiness, growth at cool temperatures and the conservation and environmental quality benefits of cereal rye, while avoiding the potential for negative impacts on corn seedlings when environmental conditions are suitable for disease development.
MATERIALS WITH COMPLEX ELECTRONIC/ATOMIC STRUCTURES (2000)

No abstract prepared.
Investigation of motion sickness and inertial stability on a moving couch for intra-fraction motion compensation (2009)

BACKGROUND. Respiration-induced tumor motion compensation using a treatment couch requires moving the patient at non-trivial speeds. The purpose of this work was to investigate motion sickness and stability of the patient's external surface due to a moving couch with respiration-comparable velocities and accelerations. MATERIAL AND METHODS. A couch was designed to move with a peak-peak displacement of 5 cm and 1 cm in the S-I and A-P directions, respectively, and a period of 3.6 s. Fifty patients completed a 16-question motion sickness assessment questionnaire (MSAQ) prior to, during, and after the study. Seven optical reflectors affixed to the abdomen of each patient were monitored by infrared cameras. The relationship between reflector positions under stationary and moving conditions was evaluated to assess the stability of the patient's external surface. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. Among the 4800 responses, 95% were 1 (no discomfort) of 9, and there were no scores of 6 or higher. Mild discomfort (scores of 4-5) was similar during couch motion and before couch motion (p = 0.39). Mild discomfort was less common after couch motion (p = 0.039) than before or during couch movement. There was a near 1:1 correspondence between marker-pair regression coefficients and phase offset values during couch-stationary and couch-moving conditions. Our results show that patients do not suffer motion sickness or external surface instability on a moving couch.
Analytic solution for nonlinear vibrations of elastics straight bar in uniform temperature fields (2008)

By using iterative method to construct the operator,the analytic solution for nonlinear vibration equation of elastics straight bar in uniform temperature fields is derived.The solution is satisfied with the equation and the initial condition.By employing the fixed-point theory,the correctness and the uniqueness of the solution are proven.The calculation results of the solution and approximation method are given.The iteration scheme is simple and effective to solve the nonlinear vibration equation of elastic column in state of thermal expansion.2 tabs,1 fig,5 refs.
Material requirements for controlled nuclear fusion (2012)

Controlled nuclear fusion has the potential to provide a clean, safe energy source with an essentially limitless supply of fuel, relatively few proliferation concerns (compared with those mentioned in Chapter 14), and substantially fewer of the waste-management concerns discussed in Chapter 15. Large experimental devices currently under construction are intended to demonstrate net fusion energy production, a key technological milestone on the way toward the commercial production of electricity. The economic practicality of energy from fusion processes, however, will still require other significant advances, including in the development of materials that can survive the harsh fusion environment.
Tool life of cemented carbide in milling of laminated carbon steel plates of different hardness. (1989)

In order to make clear the factors affecting brittle fracture of cemented carbide tool, face milling tests were carried out with cemented carbide tip (P 20) and workpieces in which hard (HV = 609) and soft (HV =141) carbon-steel plates were laminated in varied combinations. Except for cutting of the laminated plates of only soft steel, the tool failed by brittle fracture. The probability of tool failure increased (that is, number of cuts up to the occurrence of tip-corner breakage decreased) definitely by locating the hard-steel plate at the engaging side of workpiece, the tool life in this case being as short as that when cutting the hard-steel workpiece only. Further, the tool life became shorter with increasing width of soft plates in the laminated workpiece. Taking into account the result of cutting force measurements, it was suggested that cutting force generated by frank wear in contact with the hard-steel plate greatly influenced brittle fracture of cemented carbide tool.
Supramolecular encapsulation of aggregates of C60 (1996)

The 1 : 1 p-But-calix[8]arene complex of C60 is micelle-like, with a trimeric aggregate of fullerenes surrounded by three host molecules each in the double cone conformation, a structure that can accommodate one C70 unit by isomorphous replacement of one C60.
SU‐FF‐T‐49: A Study of the Transit Dose for the Leksell Gamma Knife Model 4C Using Diode and GafChromic Film in Air and Phantom (2007)

Purpose: To evaluate the undesirable dose to the patients due to uncollimated beam occurring in the Gamma Knife Model 4C before and after helmet docking, using diode and GafChromic film. Material and Method. The Leksell Gamma Knife model 4C was used for this study. The transit dose was measured along the Z axis (Leksell coordinate system) in air and inside the Elekta plastic phantom using diode and EBT GafChromic film. The detectors were calibrated against an Exradin‐A19 0.007 cm 3 ionization chamber calibrated for AAPM‐TG‐21 protocol. The electrometer was the Max4000 (Standard Imaging). A Microtek scanner 1800f was used to scan the films. For the measurement in air, a 30 cm long plastic tube was mounted in air along the Z axis inside the helmet allowing the diode to be moved in all its extension, including the cap. The film were sandwiched in two half plastic cylinder mounted inside the helmet. A special cassette made of Mix‐D (density 0.99 g cm −3 ) was constructed to allow the diode slide inside the phantom along the z axis. The diode measurements were done for different exposure times, to obtain the dose for time zero by extrapolation. Results. The highest transit dose was observed in the region inside the helmet, with distribution approximately constant of 5.70 ± 0.12 cGy/shot. Inside the helmet the dose reaches another plateau of 4.72 ± 0.02 cGy/shot (10 to 15 cm from the isocenter). When the diode was positioned at the inner surface of the phantom, no significant difference from the in‐air measurements was obtained. The film results presented higher values since they were obtained with several shots and includes scatter radiation. Conclusion. The results show that a significant dose may result for several shots and confirm the values published for the model C, obtained with different methodology.
Advancements of the Hybrid Method UF6 Container Inspection System (2011)

Safeguards inspectors currently visit uranium enrichment plants to verify UF6 cylinder enrichment declarations. Measurements are performed with handheld high-resolution detectors on a limited number of cylinders taken to be representative of the plant’s cylinder inventory. These enrichment assay methods interrogate only a small fraction of the total cylinder volume, and are time-consuming and expensive to execute. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing an automated UF6 cylinder verification station concept based on the combined collection of traditional enrichment-meter data (186 keV photons from 235U) and non-traditional, neutron-induced, high-energy gamma-ray signatures (3-8 MeV) with an array of collimated, medium-resolution scintillators. Previous work at PNNL (2010) demonstrated proof-of-principle that this hybrid method yields accurate, full-volume assay of the cylinder enrichment, reduces systematic errors when compared to several other enrichment assay methods, and provides simplified instrumentation and algorithms suitable for long-term, unattended operations. This system aims to increase the number of inspected cylinders at higher accuracy and with lower cost than when compared to inspectors with hand-held instruments. Several measurement campaigns of 30B cylinder populations and a refined MCNP model will be reported. The MCNP model consists of per-gram basis vectors for the different uranium isotopes and several fill geometries, enabling fast generationmore » of any UF6 enrichment level and multiple configurations. The refined model was used to optimize collimator design and detector configuration for the hybrid method. In addition, a new field prototype based on model results was utilized in a set of field measurements.« less
Dipipanone and nifedipine in cold induced pain; analgesia not due to skin warming. (1987)

The mechanism of the pain relief produced by opiates in normal volunteers in the cold induced pain test has been investigated. In a double-blind placebo controlled study, hand skin temperature during a 3 min immersion in water at 1 degree C was not affected by either the opioid dipipanone 8 mg or the vasodilator nifedipine 10 and 20 mg. During this immersion, dipipanone produced significant pain relief. Nifedipine reduced pre-immersion blood pressures and raised heart rates, however, it did not significantly alter pain scores. It is concluded that vasodilatation and local warming do not play a role in the relief of pain by opiates in the cold immersion test.
Evaluation of the AMPLICOR Cytomegalovirus Test with Specimens from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Subjects (1998)

The AMPLICOR cytomegalovirus (CMV) test, a new qualitative assay for the detection of CMV DNA in plasma, was compared to conventional methods and quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) assays by using leukocytes and plasma from 179 blood samples from subjects with AIDS. For the diagnosis of CMV disease, cell-based assays such as a Q-PCR with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (Q-PCR-PMNL) and a pp65 antigenemia assay had the highest sensitivities but suffered from a lack of specificity. The best agreement between the results of the Q-PCR-PMNL assay and those of the AMPLICOR test was found when a threshold diagnostic value of 690 copies per 10(5) cells was selected for the Q-PCR-PMNL assay. In that context, the AMPLICOR CMV test had a sensitivity of 96.4% and a specificity of 95.3% when results were compared to results of the cell-based PCR assay. This threshold was close to the one described as associated with the best sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of CMV disease in a recently published study (4). Blood samples that tested positive by the Q-PCR-PMNL assay but negative by the AMPLICOR CMV test were associated with viral loads (mean, 785 copies, median, 96 copies per 10(5) leukocytes) lower than the viral loads of blood samples that tested positive by both assays (mean, 21,452 copies; median, 9,784 copies per 10(5) leukocytes) (P = 0.003). The AMPLICOR CMV test gave positive results at least 48 days before the development of symptomatic CMV disease in a longitudinal analysis of a limited subset of patients (n = 6) from whom sequential specimens were available for testing. In conclusion, the AMPLICOR CMV test is a very convenient assay combining rapidity, simplicity, and the possibility of batch testing. A positive result by this test seems particularly important since this implies, in most instances, the presence or the imminence of CMV disease, although a negative test result does not rule out disease.
Ursodeoxycholic acid-induced inhibition of DLC1 protein degradation leads to suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth (2011)

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid, has been shown to inhibit mitogenic signaling and suppressing cell proliferation in colonic tumorigenesis. The transcription of DLC1 (deleted in liver cancer), a tumor suppressor gene, is frequently silenced in various types of human cancer. In this study, we postulated that UDCA may inhibit DLC1 protein degradation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, and increased DLC1 expression may suppress HCC cell growth. Human HCC cell lines were used in this study. The methylation status was measured by methylation-specific PCR following sodium bisulfite treatment. Cell proliferation was assessed using an MTS assay. Kinase signaling cascades were evaluated by immunoblot analysis. For assessing ubiquitination, immunoprecipitation analysis was used. To inhibit cellular protein, specific small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were transfected into cells. DLC1 protein levels increased over time following UDCA treatment. Specifically, UDCA increased the half-life of the DLC1 protein by inhibiting proteasomal degradation of DLC1 without affecting ubiquitination of the DLC1 protein. In addition, HCC cell growth was suppressed following UDCA treatment and this growth suppression was significantly reversed following transfection with DLC1-siRNA. Inhibition of DLC1 increased cellular proliferation; this was reduced after Rho-inhibitor treatment. Finally, RhoA activity was reduced following UDCA treatment; this result was reversed and thus increased following DLC1-siRNA transfection. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that UDCA induces DLC1 protein expression by inhibiting proteasomal DLC1 degradation in a ubiquitin-independent manner, and that DLC1 induction participates in UDCA-induced suppression of HCC cell growth. These observations implicate UDCA as an anti-proliferative agent in HCC.
Mise au point des moyens expérimentaux de détermination par diffraction des rayons X des contraintes au cours de l’oxydation des alliages métalliques à haute température (1990)

The residual stresses in the oxide scale grown on alloys used at high temperature are of great importance in preventing the lifetime of the alloy. The sin2 ψ method by means of X-ray diffraction represents some advantages, compared to the other methods, for its rapidity and its non destructivity. Most of the studies by X-ray diffraction were carried out at room temperature, which do not enable to distinguish the oxidation stresses, i.e. the stresses generated during the scale growth, from the thermal stresses, developed during cooling. In the aim of studying the evolution of the stresses during the oxidation treatments, a high temperature chamber of X-ray diffraction was developped and set up in the laboratory LM3-Ensam with a financial support from the Cefracor. The existing methods for studying the residual stresses and some results using X-ray diffraction are reviewed and discussed in the first part of this paper. The problems and difficulties encountered with the equipment are described later. Some first experiences with this apparatus are then discussed here : the stress relaxation in vacuum of a shot peened steel sample and the stress variation in a NiO scale were studied as a fonction of temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: A REINVESTIGATION OF THE STEVENS REARRANGEMENT OF 1‐BENZYL‐1,3,4‐TRIMETHYL‐1,2,5,6‐TETRAHYDROPYRIDINIUM SALTS (1981)

Abstract Aus dem Chlorethylketon (I) erhält man mit dem Benzylamin (II) über (III) das Aminoketon (IV), das mit Aldehyden (V) zu Piperi‐ donen (VI) kondensiert werden kann.
Signature-based analysis of MET proto-oncogene mutations using DHPLCThis article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the Department of Health and Human Services, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the US Government. (2000)

Research tools which improve mutation detection, SNP discovery, and allele characterization will facilitate studies of cancer, inherited disease, and genomic evolution. Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (DHPLC) is a recently developed methodology for detection of heteroduplexes formed in DNA samples containing mismatches between wild type and mutant strands. In an effort to develop a rapid, sensitive mutation detection method for studies of families with inherited kidney cancer, we evaluated DHPLC for detection and analysis of MET proto-oncogene mutations in papillary renal carcinomas (PRC). We found DHPLC to be 100% accurate in detecting 15 known disease-associated MET mutations. Significantly, each MET mutation and two novel SNPs generated a characteristic chromatographic profile or signature with reproducible distinguishing features. Standardization of DHPLC reagents and improved methods design were critical to the reliability and accuracy of mutation prediction. Improvements included addition of a 75% acetonitrile wash followed by a rejuvenating gradient, and detailed analysis of signature shape, retention time (RT), RT differences (ΔRT), and temperature-dependent (melt) profiling. We used signatures to predict mutations in new PRC samples, mutation carriers in asymptomatic hereditary PRC family members, and in a blind study of previously characterized DNAs. Application to SNP discovery is discussed. Hum Mutat 16:68–76, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.