gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Functional Organization and Control of Plant Respiration (2006)

The respiratory pathways of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and mitochondrial electron transport chain (miETC) are central features of carbon metabolism and bioenergetics in aerobic organisms. Respiration is essential for growth, maintenance, and carbon balance of all plant cells. Although the majority of respiratory enzymes are common to all organisms, plant respiration has evolved as a complex metabolic network endowed with a wide variety of unique characteristics. Plants have the option of employing alternative enzymes that bypass several of the conventional steps in cytosolic glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and miETC. The extent and conditions under which these bypasses operate is the subject of intensive research. The highly flexible nature of respiratory metabolism in plants has likely evolved in response to the crucial biosynthetic role played by respiration beyond its role in ATP generation; both functions must proceed if plants are to survive under varying and often stressful environmental and nutritional conditions. Additional complexity arises due to the existence of tissue- and/or developmental-specific isozymes of many plant respiratory enzymes, as well as the extensive interactions between photosynthesis and respiration, and plastidic, cytosolic, and mitochondrial metabolism in general. Recent progress in biochemistry, physiology, cell biology, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and in vivo flux analyses have resulted in exciting new insights into many aspects of plant respiratory metabolism. Experiments on transgenic or mutant plants possessing significantly elevated or reduced levels of respiratory enzymes are augmenting our understanding of the functions, organization, and control of plant respiration. Metabolic engineering of plant respiration is of significant practical interest as it provides both an important approach to enhancing crop yields, as well as a potential mechanism for mitigating global climate change due to elevated atmospheric CO 2 levels.
Investigation of the Flow Establishment of Pre-Combustion Shock Trains in a Shock Tunnel (2015)

This work is a fundamental investigation of the behavior of precombustion shock trains in the T4 Stalker Tube at the upper end of the dual-mode combustion regime. Experiments were conducted at a condition that represents flight at Mach 8 at an altitude of 26 km. The test model was a simple axisymmetric duct comprising a short diffuser, an isolator (length/diameter = 4.1), and a constant-area combustor (length/diameter = 15.7). Gaseous hydrogen was used as the fuel and was injected via six portholes equispaced around the perimeter of the duct. Time histories of the surface pressure in the model showed a pressure rise from stable supersonic combustion up to a fuel equivalence ratio of 0.9. At higher fuel levels, a precombustion shock train formed upstream of the point of fuel injection. Between equivalence ratios of 0.9 and 1.1, the shock train established itself and remained stable over a significant portion of the approximately 3 ms test window. Above an equivalence ratio of 1.1, the pressure time histories continued to rise throughout the test window and a stable flow was not established. These results indicate that short-duration facilities like the T4 Stalker Tube can be used for dual-mode combustion studies at fuel levels below a limit that will depend on the particular flow condition and model geometry.
Dynamic management of key states for reinforcement learning-assisted garbage collection to reduce long tail latency in SSD (2018)

Garbage collection (GC) is one of main causes of the long-tail latency problem in storage systems. Long-tail latency due to GC is more than 100 times greater than the average latency at the 99th percentile. Therefore, due to such a long tail latency, real-time systems and quality-critical systems cannot meet the system requirements. In this study, we propose a novel key state management technique of reinforcement learning-assisted garbage collection. The purpose of this study is to dynamically manage key states from a significant number of state candidates. Dynamic management enables us to utilize suitable and frequently recurring key states at a small area cost since the full states do not have to be managed. The experimental results show that the proposed technique reduces by 22--25% the long-tail latency compared to a state-of-the-art scheme with real-world workloads.
PANDORA: Providing Long Term Access to Australia's Online Electronic Publications (1998)

The Internet, particularly through the application of World Wide Web (WWW) technology, has proved to be a very attractive medium for publishing. However, the difficulties of finding appropriate information online and then of ensuring its long term accessibility have created problems for libraries. Practices that work for books and other printed materials do not always translate directly to online materials. The National Library of Australia's PANDORA project has been set up to develop policies and procedures for ensuring long term access to significant Australian publications which are accessible only in an online environment, and to establish and maintain a permanent archive ofthat material.
ChemInform Abstract: Useful Oxidation Procedure of Oximes to Nitro Compounds with Benz‐Mo in Acetonitrile. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immunization with <i>Escherichia coli</i> Enterotoxin Protects Against Homologous Enterotoxin Challenge (1973)

Immunization of rabbits with the culture filtrate of an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli 078: H12 resulted in the appearance of anti-enterotoxin activity in rabbit sera and protection of rabbit small intestine against homologous enterotoxin challenge.
Precise Micro- and Nanotubes Formed by Scrolling Langmuir-Blodgett/GaAs/InGaAs Films (2000)

The paper is devoted to further development of previously advanced approach in nanostructuring. This approach is based on using few monolayer-thick bifilms for scrolling 3D heterostructures from them. In this work, initially flat strained GaAs/InGaAs bilayers with Langmuir-Blodgett films deposited onto them were rolled up in tube-shaped scrolls. It is shown that, giving local parts of the surface of the resulting tubes hydrophilic or hydro-phobic properties. one can fabricate a perfectly ordered array of free-standing nanotubes.
La política de la mirada: las representaciones de las guías turísticas de Bogotá en los treinta (2005)

El presente ensayo es un análisis de las primeras guías turísticas de Bogotá, años 30. La modernidad como proyecto instauró un modelo de lo que significaba ser ciudad, a partir de unos paradigmas elitistas y excluyentes. Estableció unas fronteras entre los merecedores de hacer parte de este proyecto y los otros. En este proceso, esos otros estigmatizados bajo estereotipos de atraso y subdesarrollo fueron sentenciados a desaparecer, a ser sustituidos, o simplemente fueron desplazados hacia el olvido. A su vez, el turismo, como industria promotora de la modernidad, se convirtió en la plataforma de reconocimiento dentro de un proceso de globalización incipiente, transformó a la ciudad en un producto de consumo, en una narración coherente y unificada, dirigida y pensada para cierto tipo de personas, muy diferente a la ciudad real, fragmentada. Desde los estudios culturales, entendiendo a la cultura como campo de confrontación simbólica, de lucha por el control de significados y de negociación del poder social, las guías turísticas son interpretadas como una herramienta en la lucha por imponer un significado concreto de ciudad.
Biotechnological processes for chitin recovery out of crustacean waste: A mini-review (2013)

Background: Chitin is an important natural resource. The annual worldwide production is estimated in approximately 10 10 -10 12 ton. It is produced by arthropods (insects and crustaceans), molluscs and fungi. Its main biological function is structural. Crustacean shells are the most important chitin source for commercial use due to its high content and ready availability. Chitin and its derivatives have great economical value because of their numerous applications: food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile industries, waste water treatment and agriculture. In nature, chitin is closely associated with proteins, minerals, lipid and pigments, which have to be removed. Results: Several techniques to extract chitin from different sources have been reported. The most common method for recovery of chitin from crustacean shells is the chemical procedure. It involves two mayor steps: elimination of inorganic matter (demineralization) and extraction of protein matter (deproteination) using strong acids and bases. However, these processes may cause depolymerization affecting the polymer properties such as molecular weight, viscosity and degree of acetylation. In addition, the chemical purification of chitin is hazardous, energy consuming and threatening to the environment. As an alternative to the chemical process, different biological processes have been investigated: microbiological fermentation and methodologies using enzymatic crude extracts or isolated enzymes. Conclusions: The results reported are extremely variable; however, they offer new perspectives for the production of chitin with the concomitant reduction of the environmental impact.
Local Electronic Structures and Electrical Characteristics of Well-Controlled Nitrogen-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Remote Plasma In situ Atomic Layer Doping (2012)

Nitrogen-doped ZnO (ZnO:N) films were prepared by remote plasma in situ atomic layer doping. X-ray photoelectron and absorption near-edge spectroscopies reveal the presence of Zn-N bond and a decrease in strength of the O 2p hybridized with Zn 4s states, which are consistent with the decrease of electron concentration in ZnO:N films with increasing nitrogen content and indicate the formation of acceptor states by occupation of oxygen sites with nitrogen. Linear dependence between the nitrogen content and the atomic layer doping percentage indicates the electrical properties and local electronic structures can be precisely controlled using this atomic layer doping technique.
Open-ended problem learning (2018)

Often referred to as problem-based learning, this narrative technique is a student-centred approach that either groups or individuals can perform. The focus of the instruction requires learners to solve an open-ended problem sing what they already know, as well as their newly-acquired knowledge, about a new topic. The learners develop content knowledge and key critical thinking skills, such as problem solving, organisation of information, self assessment, reasoning, and communication skills (Athreya and Mouza, 2017). At the higher education level, the development of these skills helps maintain learner interest as they realise they are learning the skills necessary to be successful in their field. Other advantages for learner motivation are the opportunities for creativity and flexibility in solving real-world, open-ended problems.
Hepatit B ve Hepatit C (1997)

Hepatitis B and Hepatitis CHepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are two important agents which causing hepatitis transmitted by parenteral route. These viruses are responsible for life treating health problem and remarkable economical loss. Yearly more than million cases of hepatit B and hepatit C are reported all over the world. Chronicty, cirrhosis and hepatocelluler carcinoma are major complications of these diseases. In this article; epidemiolgical features, clinical patterns, therapy and immunization of hepatit B and hepatit C were reviewed.Hepatit B ve C virusu parenteral yolla bulaşan iki önemli hepatit etkenidir. Bu virusların neden olduğu hepatit ciddi sağlık sorunlarına ve önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Her yıl milyonlarca insan bu hastalıklara yakalanmaktadır. Kronikleşme, siroz ve hepatosellüler karsinoma önemli komplikasyonlarıdır. Bu derlemede hepatit B ve C&#039;nin epidemiyolojik özellikleri, klinik formları, risk grupları, tedavi ve korunma yöntemleri gözden geçirilmiştir.
A new subminiature impact actuator for mobile devices (2011)

This paper presents a new subminiature impact type actuator which creates the haptic sensation in a mobile device. Recently, linear resonance actuators (LRA) are widely used. One of the key differences between an LRA and a traditional eccentric motor is that the LRA generates the vibrotactile sensation through resonance for minimizing response time. The strategy of operation near the resonant frequency, however, brought a new issue for creating vibrotactile sensation which can be strong enough to feel in arbitrary frequency. In order to achieve this issue, we adopt an unstable structure to amplify impact force and to reduce response rate. Due to the impact with fast rising and falling time in the proposed impact actuator, the available strong impact vibration is created over wide frequency range from 0Hz to 100Hz. The impact vibration generated from the proposed actuator is suitable for reproducing realistic button sensation and creating various vibration patterns in mobile devices.
A fast-responsive fluorescent probe for detection of gold ions in water and synthetic products (2011)

We have constructed a fast-responsive fluorescent gold ion probe based on the unexpected gold ion-mediated hydrolysis of acylsemicarbazides to carboxylic acids. The probe has been applied for sensing gold ions in the living cells and detecting residual gold content in gold-catalyzed synthetic samples for the first time.
Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor levels are elevated in pregnancy and in immune thrombocytopenia [see comments] (1992)

Plasma macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) levels were measured by enzyme immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using horse and rabbit polyvalent antibodies raised against human M-CSF purified from urine (hM-CSF). Plasma M-CSF levels in nonpregnant female controls were 364 +/- 69 U/mL (mean +/- SD, n = 20). Pregnancy results in significant elevation of circulating M-CSF levels (541 +/- 164 U/mL, n = 46, P < .0005). M-CSF levels were increased by 28 weeks' gestation and did not increase further in later pregnancy. M-CSF levels were also measured in 20 female controls before and after commencing on the oral contraceptive pill. There was no effect of the contraceptive pill on plasma M-CSF levels (364 +/- 69 U/mL before v 373 +/- 66 U/mL after commencing on the pill). In 28 nonpregnant patients with untreated immune thrombocytopenic purpura, (ITP), plasma M-CSF levels were significantly increased (797 +/- 402 U/mL, n = 28, v 364 +/- 69 U/mL in controls, N = 20, P < .0005). Pregnant ITP patients had higher levels of plasma M-CSF (929 +/- 327 U/mL, n = 25) than nonpregnant patients, but this difference was not significant. Elevated levels of M-CSF in ITP may reflect activation of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), which could result in positive feedback to increase the destruction of platelets. The increase in M-CSF associated with pregnancy could contribute to the exacerbation of latent ITP in pregnancy.
Pharmacokinetics of besulpamide in rats and dogs. (1987)

The pharmacokinetics of besulpamide were studied in rats and its urinary excretion in rats and dogs. Kinetic characteristics were the same for both male and female rats according to a two-compartment open model. Biological half-life was 1-4 hr, absorption half-life was approximately 10 min and absolute bioavailability was nearly complete (F = 86.4%). In rats, urinary excretion of unchanged besulpamide was 30% after i.v. administration and 7% after oral administration, whereas in dogs after oral administration it was 54%. Values of the area under the plasma concentration-time curve in rats and percent of urinary excretion in dogs show that the kinetics of besulpamide are not dose-related when the drug is administered at doses of 10-50 mg/kg.
Evaluation of Home versus Laboratory Polysomnography in the Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea Syndrome (2000)

The aim of this study was to compare home polysomnography (HoPSG) with laboratory polysomnography (LabPSG) in the diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS). A total of 103 patients referred for investigation of SAS underwent two full polysomnographies, using the portable Minisomno device at home and the Respisomnographe in the laboratory (both devices manufactured by the same company). Twenty percent of home-studied device polysomnography (HoSD-PSG) recordings and 5% of LabPSG recordings were excluded from analysis either because of lost data or poor quality data. Sleep stage distribution and subjective quality of sleep were similar by both methods. Using LabPSG, the mean (+/- SD) RDI was 25.7 (+/- 30.6) versus 22.8 (+/- 31.5) using HoSD-PSG (p > 0.05). Absolute differences between the home and laboratory respiratory disturbance index (RDI) were less than 10 for 65% of patients. Discordant RDIs (i.e., differences greater than 10) were observed for 63% of individuals with severe SAS (RDI > 30) versus 22% of those with normal or moderate SAS (RDI </= 30) (p < 0.05). Higher RDI differences were associated with poor airflow signal at home. Forty-seven percent of patients preferred LabPSG. Our results suggest that HoSD-PSG was not feasible for 33% of patients; there was no evidence of a better quality of sleep and recording tolerance at home; the reliability of HoSD-PSG for SAS diagnosis depends on the quality of data obtained under unattended conditions.
Real-time rock mass condition prediction with TBM tunneling big data using a novel rock–machine mutual feedback perception method (2021)

Real-time perception of rock mass information is of great importance to efficient tunneling and hazard prevention in tunnel boring machines (TBMs). In this study, a TBM–rock mutual feedback perception method based on data mining (DM) is proposed, which takes 10 tunneling parameters related to surrounding rock conditions as input features. For implementation, first, the database of TBM tunneling parameters was established, in which 10,807 tunneling cycles from the Songhua River water conveyance tunnel were accommodated. Then, the spectral clustering (SC) algorithm based on graph theory was introduced to cluster the TBM tunneling data. According to the clustering results and rock mass boreability index, the rock mass conditions were classified into four classes, and the reasonable distribution intervals of the main tunneling parameters corresponding to each class were presented. Meanwhile, based on the deep neural network (DNN), the real-time prediction model regarding different rock conditions was established. Finally, the rationality and adaptability of the proposed method were validated via analyzing the tunneling specific energy, feature importance, and training dataset size. The proposed TBM–rock mutual feedback perception method enables the automatic identification of rock mass conditions and the dynamic adjustment of tunneling parameters during TBM driving. Furthermore, in terms of the prediction performance, the method can predict the rock mass conditions ahead of the tunnel face in real time more accurately than the traditional machine learning prediction methods.
Los traductores de la Tebaida de Estacio al castellano: juan de Arjona y Gregorio Morillo (1995)

Isolated neurointermediate lobes or neural lobes of the rat pituitary gland attached to the pituitary stalk were incubated in vitro and the spontaneous or electrically (pituitary stalk stimulation, 5 Hz, 1,500 pulses) evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine was determined. The evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the neurointermediate lobe was increased fivefold in the presence of the dopamine receptor antagonist (-)-sulpiride (1 microM). The evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the isolated neural lobe was not altered by (-)-sulpiride. The evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the isolated neural lobe in the presence of (-)-sulpiride was less than 5% of that from the combined neurointermediate lobe showing that most of the 5-hydroxytryptamine released from the combined neurointermediate lobe originated in the intermediate lobe. The evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the neurointermediate lobe in the presence of (-)-sulpiride showed a diurnal variation. It was three to five times higher between 9.30 and 14.00 h than between 8.30 and 9.30 h or between 14.00 and 16.00 h. The 5-hydroxytryptamine tissue content at the end of the incubation experiments also showed similar variations which were, however, less pronounced. The evoked release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the neurointermediate lobe, in the presence of (-)-sulpiride, was reduced by the preferential GABAA receptor agonist muscimol or the selective GABAB receptor agonist (-)-baclofen in a concentration-dependent manner. Bicuculline, a selective GABAA receptor antagonist inhibited the effect of muscimol, but not that of (-)-baclofen. Bicuculline alone did not affect the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine from the gland. It is concluded that the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the intermediate lobe is influenced by both dopaminergic and GABAergic mechanisms.
Stability-based Scale Estimation of Monocular SLAM for Autonomous Quadrotor Navigation (2017)

We propose a novel method to deal with the scale ambiguity in monocular SLAM based on control stability. We analytically show that (1) using unscaled state feedback from monocular SLAM for control can lead to system instability, and (2) there is a unique linear relationship between the absolute scale of the SLAM system and the control gain at which instability arises. Using this property, our method estimates the scale by adapting the gain and detecting self-induced oscillations. Unlike conventional monocular approaches, no additional metric sensors are used for scale estimation. We demonstrate the ability of our system to estimate the scale for performing autonomous indoor navigation with a low-cost quadrotor MAV.
Synthesis of dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles from 2-(2-halophenyl)-indoles and iodobenzenes via palladium-catalyzed dual C–H functionalization (2017)

An efficient palladium-catalyzed strategy for the synthesis of dibenzo[a,c]carbazole derivatives has been developed. In the presence of Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub>, 2-(2-halophenyl)-indoles and iodobenzenes proceeded smoothly to obtain the corresponding dibenzo[a,c]carbazoles in moderate to good yields. This methodology constructs two new C-C bonds via a palladium-catalyzed dual C-H functionalization.
Towards the organization of lexical definitions on a database structure (1982)

Printed dictionaries are grest repositories of information, and it is important that they can be exploited as full~ as possible, with regard to all the different types of data they contain. This was one of the aims when organizing the Machine Dotionax7 of the Italian language on a database structure.