gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of graphene nanoribbon in a spatially modulated magnetic field (2010)

The low-frequency optical response of graphene nanoribbons can be enhanced and tuned by a spatially modulated magnetic field. The absorption spectrum exhibits rich asymmetric peaks corresponding to the oscillatory behavior in energy bands. The optical selection rule, dominated by magnetic and quantum confinements, is clarified by examining state wave functions. The dependence of the optical excitations on field strength and period is studied as well. These results provide possibility for employing graphene nanoribbons in future optoelectronic applications.
Effect of terfenadine on pulmonary function, histamine release, and bronchial challenges with nebulized water and cold-air hyperventilation. (1989)

To assess the effectiveness of terfenadine on bronchoconstriction in asthmatics, 12 asthmatic patients between the ages of 19 and 43 were challenged with ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW) and treated with terfenadine, 120 or 240 mg, or placebo in a three-way crossover double-blind study. A similar study of 12 asthmatics (nine from the UNDW trial) was performed using cold-air hyperventilation challenge (CAHC). In vitro analyses were also made of samples from ten mild asthmatics to determine the effect of terfenadine on basophil histamine release. Terfenadine, 240 mg, showed significant (P = .012) benefit over placebo in improving pulmonary function after UNDW challenge. Modest but significant (P less than .05) bronchodilator benefits were also demonstrated by terfenadine, 240 and 120 mg, after CAHC. Finally, the in vitro study showed significant inhibition by terfenadine of anti-IgE-induced histamine release from human basophils.
Facile Fabrication of Functionalized Graphene Sheets (FGS)/ZnO Nanocomposites with Photocatalytic Property (2011)

Functionalized graphene sheets (FGS)/ZnO nanocomposites were fabricated via thermal treatment method, using graphene oxide as a precursor of graphene, Zn(NH(3))(4)CO(3) as a precursor of zinc oxide, and poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) as an intermediate to combine zinc with carbon materials. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize crystal structure and morphology of FGS/ZnO nanocomposites. It was shown that the well-dispersed ZnO nanoparticles were deposited on FGS homogeneously. The composites exhibited photocatalytic activity to decompose rhodamine 6G efficiently under low-power ultraviolet (UV) light. This facile and low-cost method makes the composite a perfect candidate in applications of catalysis and other areas.
An egg-adapted (attenuated) line of <i>Eimeria necatrix</i>: further studies on its reproduction, pathogenicity and immunogenicity (1982)

An egg-adapted line of Eimeria necatrix has now been passaged 40 times in the chorio-allantoic membranes of embryonated eggs. Between the 21st and 40th passage in eggs the parasite was subjected to a selection for precocious development, and its pre-patent period in this host is now 123-125 h. The parasite continued to adapt to the chorio-allantoic membrane throughout the period of the passages and its development in this tissue caused the growth of the host embryo to be markedly stunted. In chickens, both the reproduction and the pathogenicity of the egg-adapted line decreased with increasing numbers of passages in eggs. A comparison of the immunogenicity of the egg-adapted line and its parent strain in chickens kept on litter, showed that substantially more oocysts of the egg-adapted line had to be given to induce complete protection.
High Beam Quality in Broad Area Lasers via Suppression of Lateral Carrier Accumulation (2015)

High power 9xx-nm broad-area lasers with improved beam quality are required for many applications, but the physical limitations remain unclear, especially the relative importance of free-carrier and self-heating effects. Experimental data are, therefore, presented on a series of diagnostic lasers where the lateral carrier profile at the edges of the electrical contacts has been modified via implantation in order to assess its influence on beam quality. We show that carrier accumulation at the edges of the (90- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> wide) contacts can be eliminated and that as a consequence, near and far field are narrowed and the rate of increase of beam parameter product (BPP) with self-heating reduces by 35%. Overall, the suppression of lateral carrier accumulation allows BPP < 2 mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> mrad to be maintained to 7-W optical output, corresponding to a peak linear brightness of 3.5 W/mm <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> mrad, comparable with the highest reported values for 90- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> stripe devices.
Effect of Fullerenes on Crystallization-Induced Aggregation in Polymer Photovoltaics Casting Solutions (2011)

We measure the time- and temperature-dependent aggregation of the organic photovoltaic polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) in o-dichlorobenzene solution using small-angle neutron scattering and rheometry. Results from this study provide guidance for formulation stability assessment and process-dependent morphology optimization. The aggregates are similar to the supramolecular crystalline structures found in annealed films and poor solvents. The addition of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) molecules to the polymer solution slows the aggregation rate by about 10-fold. PCBM addition also appears to reduce the overall extent of crystallization in solution. Dynamic rheological measurements show thermoreversible mechanical stiffening of the solutions into gel-like solids with a physical cross-link density that depends on temperature and oscillation frequency.
General Motors “VTi” Electronic Continuously Variable Transaxle (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The VT25-E transmission introduced by General Motors for the 2002 model year is the first variant of GM VTi variable transmission family. The VTi is an electronically controlled Continuously Variable Transaxle (CVT). It is the first North American, high volume production CVT. This CVT enables fuel economy improvements over traditional step gear transmissions, with an improved packaging, wider ratio spread, neutral idle and complete absence of shifts for driver comfort. The VT25-E utilizes a controlled slip converter clutch in conjunction with electronically scheduled ratios and an integrated electronic throttle control to operate the powertrain at its most efficient level. A dual-lobed fixed displacement vane pump and jet nozzle filter arrangement provide the source pressure to a multi-tiered hydraulic control system. The multi-tiered hydraulic control system helps to achieve the precise control necessary to meet the durability requirements of this demanding market. The transaxle's architecture provides a packaging envelope equivalent to a manual transmission.</div>
ProMWS: Proactive mobile Web service provision using context-awareness (2011)

Applying Web service in mobile peer-to-peer service provisioning enhances the interoperability and resolves the heterogeneous challenges of ubiquitous environments. However, due to the nature of mobile peer-to-peer environments, a central repository for assisting service discovery is nonexistent, service discovery process relies on routing techniques, which increase the latency of the service interaction. This paper introduces ProMWS, a context-aware mobile Web service pre-fetching strategy to enable proactive service provisioning based on user preference and context. The proposed strategy predicts the mobile user's query, and cooperates with remote services to pre-fetch the service to the cache of mobile device in advance before the user requests for it.
On the effectiveness of DDoS attacks on statistical filtering (2005)

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks pose a serious threat to service availability of the victim network by severely degrading its performance. Recently, there has been significant interest in the use of statistical-based filtering to defend against and mitigate the effect of DDoS attacks. Under this approach, packet statistics are monitored to classify normal and abnormal behaviour. Under attack, packets that are classified as abnormal are dropped by the filter that guards the victim network. We study the effectiveness of DDoS attacks on such statistical-based filtering in a general context where the attackers are "smart". We first give an optimal policy for the filter when the statistical behaviours of both the attackers and the filter are static. We next consider cases where both the attacker and the filter can dynamically change their behaviour, possibly depending on the perceived behaviour of the other party. We observe that while an adaptive filter can effectively defend against a static attacker, the filter can perform much worse if the attacker is more dynamic than perceived.
Intestinal mucosal transport and metabolism of insulin (1991)

Insulin was chosen as a model protein drug to investigate its absorption from the small intestine and determine the location where permeability was maximal and degradation was minimal. Everted gut sac experiments showed that the apparent permeability (P$\sb{\rm app}$) of insulin varied with the intestinal region, being greatest in the distal jejunum (7.80 $\times$ 10$\sp{-7}$ cm/s). In situ insulin absorption studies showed a corresponding greater bioavailability and glucose depression resulted from administration to this region than compared to a more proximal region. No measurable degradation of insulin by the brush border enzymes was observed. In vitro degradation of insulin by $\alpha$-chymotrypsin was significantly faster and more extensive than by trypsin. Identification of the initial sites of chymotryptic cleavage showed a total of five bonds in insulin were rapidly cleaved, while two or three other susceptible sites which were more internal in the insulin molecule were not cleaved in these studies of initial degradation. Since insulin bioavailability was low (0.133%), mixed micellar solutions of sodium glycocholate (NaGC) and linoleic acid (LA) were examined as absorption enhancers. Regional differences in absorption enhancement were observed, with the greatest P$\sb{\rm app}$ in the distal jejunum. NaGC and LA exhibited synergistic absorption enhancement as mixed micelles in in situ absorption studies in the distal jejunum/proximal ileum. Optimal insulin absorption resulted with 30 mM NaGC/40 mM LA mixed micelles, yielding 41.256% bioavailability. Insulin doses of 5 U/kg with these mixed micelles produced profound and prolonged hypoglycemia. Experiments with sodium glyco-24,25-dihydrofusidate micelles produced profound and prolonged hypoglycemia. Experiments with sodium glyco-24,25-dihydrofusidate (SGDHF) exhibited a more variable and slightly lower bioavailability (34.107 $\pm$ 9.366%). Acute histopathological studies showed that these adjuvants produced only minimal damage to the mucosal membrane which was expected to be reversible. The greatest changes to the intestinal mucosa resulted from exposure to 30 mM SGDHF. Further studies of long-term exposure to mixed micelles are required. Development of an enteric-coated oral dosage form to initially protect, then release insulin with 30 mM NaGC/40 mM LA mixed micelles in the middle or distal jejunum may be a viable method of oral insulin delivery.
Semiotics in Visualisation. (2014)

Digital visualisation is a way of representing data and information with the aid of digital means. It ranges from a simple form such as a graph or chart to a complex form like animated visualisations that allows user to interact with the underlying data through direct manipulation (Chen et al., 2008). The notion of digital visualisation engages human interpretation on information in order to gain insights in a particular context (Robert, 2007, Ware, 2012, Czernicki, 2010). Hence, it is a complex process involving multiple disciplines, including the socio-technical element. The social element relates to human perception in interpreting information. The technical element on the other hand, refers to the technology used to enable visualisation, for example the SAS suite (SAS, 2014) that offers visual analytics to support interactive dashboard and reporting.
Stem cell factor protects germ cells from apoptosis in vitro (2000)

Stem cell factor (SCF) plays an important role in migration, adhesion, proliferation, and survival of primordial germ cells and spermatogonia during testicular development. However, the function of SCF in the adult testis is poorly described. We have previously shown that, in the presence of SCF, there were more type A spermatogonia incorporating thymidine at stage XII of rat seminiferous tubules cultured in vitro than in the absence of SCF, implying that the increased DNA synthesis might result from enhanced survival of spermatogonia. To explore the potential pro-survival function of SCF during spermatogenesis, the seminiferous tubules from stage XII were cultured in the presence or absence of SCF (100 ng/ml) for 8, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, and apoptosis was analyzed by DNA laddering and in situ 3'-end labeling (ISEL) staining. Surprisingly, not only spermatogonia, but also spermatocytes and spermatids, were protected from apoptosis in the presence of SCF. Apoptosis took place much later and was less severe in the SCF-treated tubules than in the controls. Based on previous studies showing that FSH prevents germ cells from undergoing apoptosis in vitro, and that SCF level is increased dramatically in response to FSH stimulation, we also tested if the pro-survival effect of FSH is mediated through SCF by using a function-blocking monoclonal antibody, ACK-2, to block SCF/c-kit interaction. After 24 hours of blockade, the protective effect of FSH was partially abolished, as manifested by DNA laddering and ISEL analyses. The present study demonstrates that SCF acts as an important survival factor for germ cells in the adult rat testis and FSH pro-survival effect on germ cells is mediated partially through the SCF/c-kit pathway.
Research productivity: a definition. (1993)

Defining research productivity has been difficult because of differing perceptions in the scientific and administrative communities. In the present study attitudes of national samples of scientists in a research Center and scientists not in a research Center were examined to determine which measures should be used in assessing productivity in a research center. A ranking of the most important and least important items of research productivity were included.
Reactive sputter etching and reactive ion milling—selectivity, dimensional control, and reduction of MOS–interface degradation (1979)

Recent results on the application of reactive etching techniques in semiconductor device technology are reported. The two systems used are a rf diode system and a dc ion milling system both fed with Ar and various Freon-type gases. The two processes are compared with regard to selectivity, dimensional control and edge profiles. Further results show that, if CF4 and CHF3 instead of Ar are applied in the etching processes, the redeposition of sputtered materials as well as the degradation of the MOS–interface properties can be largely reduced. From our experiments we conclude that neither reactive sputter etching nor dc reactive ion milling can be favored, their potentials however exceed tunnel reactor plasma etching as well as Ar sputter etching and Ar ion milling.
Monitoring of microbial hydrocarbon remediation in the soil (2011)

Bioremediation of hydrocarbon pollutants is advantageous owing to the cost-effectiveness of the technology and the ubiquity of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms in the soil. Soil microbial diversity is affected by hydrocarbon perturbation, thus selective enrichment of hydrocarbon utilizers occurs. Hydrocarbons interact with the soil matrix and soil microorganisms determining the fate of the contaminants relative to their chemical nature and microbial degradative capabilities, respectively. Provided the polluted soil has requisite values for environmental factors that influence microbial activities and there are no inhibitors of microbial metabolism, there is a good chance that there will be a viable and active population of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms in the soil. Microbial methods for monitoring bioremediation of hydrocarbons include chemical, biochemical and microbiological molecular indices that measure rates of microbial activities to show that in the end the target goal of pollutant reduction to a safe and permissible level has been achieved. Enumeration and characterization of hydrocarbon degraders, use of micro titer plate-based most probable number technique, community level physiological profiling, phospholipid fatty acid analysis, 16S rRNA- and other nucleic acid-based molecular fingerprinting techniques, metagenomics, microarray analysis, respirometry and gas chromatography are some of the methods employed in bio-monitoring of hydrocarbon remediation as presented in this review.
Cycles of Time and Meaning in the Mexican Books of Fate. By Elizabeth Hill Boone. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2007. Pp. 320. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. (2011)

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An IoT domain meta-model and an approach to software development of IoT solutions (2017)

The Internet of things is an ever-changing field both in terms of technology and in terms of the level of vision that leaves it unclear about the approach to be taken by developers to ensure the sustainability of their developments. In this article, we propose a model driven development approach around an architecture of models whose pivot is an IoT meta-model that is technologically neutral. From this meta-model, a developer or an expert derive his model of solution, written in a domain specific modeling language and generates a Java code, point of departure for his solution implementation. An approach based on a model driven development can only ensure a sustainability of this development. Furthermore, an Eclipse IDE supports our approach.
Can online wait be managed? the effect of filler interfaces and presentation modes on perceived waiting time online (2012)

Long waits online undermine users' evaluations of Web sites and their providers, triggering abandonment behaviors. Yet e-business researchers and practitioners have not perfected mechanisms to respond to online wait issues. A filler interface that runs during the wait for search results may influence online users' perceived waiting time (PWT); however, no scientific investigation has attempted to design effective filler interfaces for managing online waits. By adopting resource allocation theory, cognitive absorption theory, and human computer interaction (HCI) theories (competition for attention, visual search, and motion effect), we design diverse filler interfaces and investigate their effects on antecedents of PWT. The proposed research model considers cognitive absorption factors such as temporal dissociation, focused immersion, and heightened enjoyment as antecedents of PWT, which in turn triggers three outcomes: affective appraisals, cognitive appraisals, and Web site use intention. A multistage, multimethod approach is used to test the research hypotheses. In the first stage, we compare a filler interface condition with a no-filler interface condition, and find the superiority of a filler interface with respect to inducing focused immersion and temporal dissociation. In the second stage, we conduct two controlled experiments to examine whether filler interfaces with various designs (varying the presence and relevance of image, text, and image motion) distinctly influence antecedents of PWT and confirm their distinctive effects on focused immersion, temporal dissociation, and heightened enjoyment. In addition, by conducting a structural equation modeling analysis, we find that our research model explains 51 percent, 51 percent, 44 percent, and 45 percent of the variance in PWT, affective appraisals, cognitive appraisals, and Web site use intention respectively. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are provided.
Pest Management in the U.S. Greenhouse and Nursery Industry: III. Plant Growth Regulation (1996)

Growers in the American Association of Nurserymen and the Society of American Florists were queried as to their use of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and nonchemical alternative practices during 1993. Daminozide (B-Nine SP) and chlormequat chloride (Cycocel) accounted for 78% of the total pounds active ingredient and were used by 20% and 17% of the respondents, respectively. In contrast, the rooting compounds indolebutyric acid (Dip `N Grow, Rootone, and Hormoroot) and naphthaleneacetic acid (Dip `N Grow, and Hormodin I, II, and III) were used by 53% and 24% of the respondents, respectively, but combined accounted for less than 3% of total pounds active ingredient. Pruning/pinching was used by the greatest number of respondents (82%) and was the only alternative to PGRs rated as very effective by more than 60% of the respondents. Use of chemical PGRs and nonchemical alternative practices was influenced by region and firm size. In the northeastern United States, growers reported relatively low use of PGRs (frequency and total pounds) and the lowest use of mechanical brushing as an alternative practice. In contrast, mechanical brushing was used most in the western United States. Large firms (more than $2 million in annual sales) reported the greatest use of chemical and nonchemical means of regulating growth.