gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inflammation-induced caveolin-1 and BMPRII depletion promotes endothelial dysfunction and TGF-β-driven pulmonary vascular remodeling (2017)

Endothelial cell (EC) activation and vascular injury are hallmark features of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is highly expressed in pulmonary microvascular ECs and plays a key role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The aim of this study was to determine if the lung inflammatory response to <i>Escherichia coli</i> lipopolysaccharide (LPS) promotes priming of ECs via Cav-1 depletion and if this contributes to the onset of pulmonary vascular remodeling. To test the hypothesis that depletion of Cav-1 primes ECs to respond to profibrotic signals, C57BL6 wild-type (WT) mice (<i>Tie2.Cre<sup>-</sup>;Cav1<sup>fl/fl</sup></i> ) were exposed to nebulized LPS (10 mg; 1 h daily for 4 days) and compared with EC-specific <i>Cav1<sup>-/-</sup></i> (<i>Tie2.Cre<sup>+</sup>;Cav1<sup>fl/fl</sup></i> ). After 96 h of LPS exposure, total lung Cav-1 and bone morphogenetic protein receptor type II (BMPRII) expression were reduced in WT mice. Moreover, plasma albumin leakage, infiltration of immune cells, and levels of IL-6/IL-6R and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were elevated in both LPS-treated WT and <i>EC-Cav1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. Finally, <i>EC-Cav1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice exhibited a modest increase in microvascular thickness basally and even more so on exposure to LPS (96 h). <i>EC-Cav1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice and LPS-treated WT mice exhibited reduced BMPRII expression and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, which along with increased TGF-β promoted TGFβRI-dependent SMAD-2/3 phosphorylation. Finally, human lung sections from patients with ARDS displayed reduced EC Cav-1 expression, elevated TGF-β levels, and severe pulmonary vascular remodeling. Thus EC Cav-1 depletion, oxidative stress-mediated reduction in BMPRII expression, and enhanced TGF-β-driven SMAD-2/3 signaling promote pulmonary vascular remodeling in inflamed lungs.
An Anatomic Study of the Superficial Peroneal Nerve Accessory Artery and Its Perforators, and Clinical Application of Superficial Peroneal Nerve Accessory Artery Perforator Flaps (2008)

In the 1990s, skin island flaps supplied by the vascular axis of sensitive superficial nerves, like the sural and saphenous nerves, were introduced. Flaps supplied by the superficial peroneal nerve accessory artery (SPNAA), however, are still not commonly used. The aim of this study is to understand the anatomic structure of the SPNAA and its perforators in the anterior intermuscular septum and to use SPNAA perforator flaps in the clinic. We dissected 16 cadavers and assessed the location and number of the SPNAA, its perforators, and the septocutaneous perforators originating from the anterior tibial artery. A SPNAA perforator flap was applied to 12 patients, the free flap was applied to 11 patients, and the pedicled flap was applied to 1 patient. SPNAA varied from 7 to 16 cm in length, with an average of 4.5 perforators to supply the lateral aspect. An average of 3.13 septocutaneous perforators originated from the anterior tibial artery. The mean size of the SPNAA perforator flaps was 65.5 cm. The complete follow-up period was 3-20 months. Although 1 flap was lost as a result of arterial thrombosis, the procedure was successful in the remaining 11 patients. In addition, reduced flap thickness made them more esthetically appealing. SPNAA perforator flaps could be an excellent alternative to perforator flaps that use the lower leg as a donor site.
Preliminary results of a collaborative study of overpressured derivatization (1994)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Alteration of Fatty Acid and Sterol Metabolism in Miltefosine-Resistant <i>Leishmania donovani</i> Promastigotes and Consequences for Drug-Membrane Interactions (2005)

Miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine [HePC]) is the first orally active drug approved for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. In order to investigate the biochemical modifications occurring in HePC-resistant (HePC-R) Leishmania donovani promastigotes, taking into account the lipid nature of HePC, we investigated their fatty acid and sterol metabolisms. We found that the content of unsaturated phospholipid alkyl chains was lower in HePC-R parasite plasma membranes than in those of the wild type, suggesting a lower fluidity of HePC-R parasite membranes. We also demonstrated that HePC insertion within an external monolayer was more difficult when the proportion of unsaturated phospholipids decreased, rendering the HePC interaction with the external monolayer of HePC-R parasites more difficult. Furthermore, HePC-R parasite membranes displayed a higher content of short alkyl chain fatty acids, suggesting a partial inactivation of the fatty acid elongation enzyme system in HePC-R parasites. Sterol biosynthesis was found to be modified in HePC-R parasites, since the 24-alkylated sterol content was halved in HePC-R parasites; however, this modification was not related to HePC sensitivity. In conclusion, HePC resistance affects three lipid biochemical pathways: fatty acid elongation, the desaturase system responsible for fatty acid alkyl chain unsaturation, and the C-24-alkylation of sterols.
Text Analysis of Chemistry Thesis and Dissertation Titles (2017)

Supplementary data, results, and programming scripts associated with: Scalfani, V. F. Text Analysis of Chemistry Thesis and Dissertation Titles, Issues in Science & Technology Librarianship, submitted August 6, 2016.
Performance of a diode-pumped laser repetitively Q-switched with a mechanical shutter (1994)

Repetitively Q-switched operation of an end-pumped Nd:YAG laser over the range of 200 Hz to 3 kHz using an intracavity chopper is demonstrated. Performance is shown to be comparable to that achieved with an acousto-optic Q switch under similar conditions. The advantages and limitations of the mechanical Q switch are described. Parametric variations of output coupling and pump power lead to an extended empirical description of repetitively Q-switched laser operation. The insertion loss as a function of aperture-edge penetration into the resonator is reported, and a definition of the mechanical Q-switch opening time is provided. Q-switched pulsewidths as short as 35 ns were obtained for the Nd:YAG laser, with a peak power-enhancement factor in excess of 300.
Aspergillus fumigatus Bronchopneumonia in a Hellenic Shepherd Dog (2011)

A 3 yr old intact female Hellenic shepherd dog was referred due to depression, partial anorexia, fever, and a mild productive cough of 2 mo duration. Thoracic radiographs showed increased opacity of all of the left lung lobes. Upon bronchoscopy, a sanguineous, purulent discharge was detected in the tracheal lumen with hyperplastic tissue narrowing the left main stem bronchus. Cultures were positive for bacteria ( Bacillus spp. and Clostridium spp.) but negative for fungi. Due to the severity of the lesions, a complete left lung pneumonectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the excised lung tissues revealed a severe granulomatous bronchopneumonia with numerous alveolar macrophages laden with structures stained positively by periodic acid-Schiff and Grocott stain that had morphology consistent with fungi. PCR and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2 from genetic material extracted from paraffin-embedded pulmonary tissue confirmed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus . Itraconazole was administrated for 5.5 mo and the dog was clinically normal 26 mo after surgery.
<scp>l</scp> -ARABINOSE-SENSITIVE, <scp>l</scp> -RIBULOSE 5-PHOSPHATE 4-EPIMERASE-DEFICIENT MUTANTS OF <i>ESCHERICHIA COLI</i> (1962)

Englesberg, E. (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.), R L. Anderson, R. Weinberg, N. Lee, P. Hoffee, G. Huttenhauer, and H. Boyer. l-Arabinose-sensitive, l-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 84:137-146. 1962-l-Arabinose-negative mutants of Escherichia coli B/r, ara-53 and ara-139, are deficient in the enzyme l-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase; ara-53, further analyzed, accumulates large quantities of l-ribulose 5-phosphate when incubated with l-arabinose. The mutant sites are closely linked to the left of the previously ordered l-arabinose mutant sites, and probably represent the structural gene for l-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase (gene D) in the l-arabinose operon. The inducible levels of l-arabinose isomerase and l-ribulose 5-phosphate 4-epimerase vary correspondingly as a result of mutation in the structural gene for l-ribulokinase (gene B), further substantiating the dual structural and regulatory function of this gene locus. Ara-53 and ara-139 are strongly inhibited by l-arabinose and give rise to l-arabinose-resistant mutants. The one resistant mutant analyzed still lacks the 4-epimerase but is deficient in l-ribulokinase and has increased l-arabinose isomerase activity, a characteristic of a type of mutation in the B gene. It is proposed that accumulation of l-ribulose 5-phosphate is responsible for the inhibition, and that mutation to resistance will involve mutation in the A, B, C, permease, or repressor genes, thus providing a direct method for isolating these types of l-arabinose-negative mutants. Glucose prevents and cures the l-arabinose inhibition.
Multi-mJ, multi-watt Q-switched fiber laser (2003)

Using a large mode area, ytterbium-doped cladding-pumped fiber and a novel cavity configuration we obtain 2.3 mJ Q-switched pulses, a record pulse energy for a fiber laser. Average powers in excess of 5 W were achieved.
Inferring categories to accelerate the learning of new classes (2013)

On-the-fly learning systems are necessary for the deployment of general purpose robots. New training examples for such systems are often supplied by mentor interactions. Due to the cost of acquiring such examples, it is desirable to reduce the number of necessary interactions. Transfer learning has been shown to improve classification results for classes with small numbers of training examples by pooling knowledge from related classes. Standard practice in these works is to assume that the relationship between the transfer target and related classes is already known. In this work, we explore how previously learned categories, or related groupings of classes, can be used to transfer knowledge to novel classes without explicitly known relationships to them. We demonstrate an algorithm for determining the category membership of a novel class, focusing on the difficult case when few training examples are available. We show that classifiers trained via this method outperform classifiers optimized to learn the novel class individually when evaluated on both synthetic and real-world datasets.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTING PROJECTS AND STRUCTURES (1976)

THE IMPORTANCE WHICH PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES KNOWN UNDER THE GENERAL GENERIC TERM OF ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS HAS ACQUIRED AS A DETERMINING FACTOR IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES HAS BEEN THE SUBJECT OF NUMEROUS STUDIES KNOWN TO ALL TECHNICAL PEOPLE. THIS LITERATURE HOWEVER GIVES ONLY A THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE OPERATION OF THE PERT SYSTEM WHICH, ALTHOUGH INDISPENSABLE, IS STILL INADEQUATE AS THE PRACTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE SUBJECT HAS BEEN NEGLECTED. AN ATTEMPT IS MADE TO BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE PROBLEM WITH A VIEW TO CONTRIBUTING STAGE BY STAGE TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A GENERAL PROCESS OF PLANNING AND BUILDING STRUCTURES.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Facile Catalytic Synthesis of 2,4‐Dioxopyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives in Water. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Do We Really Need to Collect Millions of Faces for Effective Face\n Recognition? (2016)

Face recognition capabilities have recently made extraordinary leaps. Though\nthis progress is at least partially due to ballooning training set sizes --\nhuge numbers of face images downloaded and labeled for identity -- it is not\nclear if the formidable task of collecting so many images is truly necessary.\nWe propose a far more accessible means of increasing training data sizes for\nface recognition systems. Rather than manually harvesting and labeling more\nfaces, we simply synthesize them. We describe novel methods of enriching an\nexisting dataset with important facial appearance variations by manipulating\nthe faces it contains. We further apply this synthesis approach when matching\nquery images represented using a standard convolutional neural network. The\neffect of training and testing with synthesized images is extensively tested on\nthe LFW and IJB-A (verification and identification) benchmarks and Janus CS2.\nThe performances obtained by our approach match state of the art results\nreported by systems trained on millions of downloaded images.\n
Nonlinear Biomedical Signal Processing, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Networks, and New Algorithms (2000)

For the first time, eleven experts in the fields of signal processing and biomedical engineering have contributed to an edition on the newest theories and applications of fuzzy logic, neural networks, and algorithms in biomedicine. Nonlinear Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume I provides comprehensive coverage of nonlinear signal processing techniques. In the last decade, theoretical developments in the concept of fuzzy logic have led to several new approaches to neural networks. This compilation delivers plenty of real-world examples for a variety of implementations and applications of nonlinear signal processing technologies to biomedical problems. Included here are discussions that combine the various structures of Kohenen, Hopfield, and multiple-layer "designer" networks with other approaches to produce hybrid systems. Comparative analysis is made of methods of genetic, back-propagation, Bayesian, and other learning algorithms. Topics covered include: . Uncertainty management. Analysis of biomedical signals. A guided tour of neural networks. Application of algorithms to EEG and heart rate variability signals. Event detection and sample stratification in genomic sequences. Applications of multivariate analysis methods to measure glucose concentration Nonlinear Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume I is a valuable reference tool for medical researchers, medical faculty and advanced graduate students as well as for practicing biomedical engineers. Nonlinear Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume I is an excellent companion to Nonlinear Biomedical Signal Processing, Volume II: Dynamic Analysis and Modeling
Effect of Surface Patterning on Contact Deformation of Elastic-Plastic Layered Media (2002)

A plane-strain finite element analysis for patterned elastic-plastic layered media was performed in order to elucidate the effect of surface geometry on the deformation and stress fields due to normal and sliding contact. Surface interaction between the layered media and a rigid asperity was modeled with special contact elements. Results for the contact pressure distribution, surface tensile stress, and subsurface equivalent plastic strain are presented for layered media with different meandered and sinusoidal surfaces. The significance of surface patterning on the deformation behavior is interpreted in terms of stress and strain results illustrative of the tendency for crack initiation and plastic deformation in the first two layers, where deformation is confined in all simulation cases. Relations for the contact pressure concentration factor and onset of yielding in the first (hard) layer are derived from finite element results for indented layered media with sinusoidal surface patterns. Predictions for the indentation depth at the onset of yielding based on the developed yield criterion are shown to be in good agreement with those obtained from finite element simulations.
A Method for Proficiency Testing of Small Peer Groups in the College of American Pathologists Coagulation Surveys (1999)

The proposed small peer group grading scheme can improve the effectiveness of College of American Pathologists proficiency testing for the PT and APTT and may also be generally applicable to other test methods and analytes.
Catalysis and mechanism of malonyl transferase activity in type II fatty acid biosynthesis acyl carrier proteins (2009)

One of the unexplored, yet important aspects of the biology of acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) is the self-acylation and malonyl transferase activities dedicated to ACPs in polyketide synthesis. Our studies demonstrate the existence of malonyl transferase activity in ACPs involved in type II fatty acid biosynthesis from Plasmodium falciparum and Escherichia coli. We also show that the catalytic malonyl transferase activity is intrinsic to an individual ACP. Mutational analysis implicates an arginine/lysine in loop II and an arginine/glutamine in helix III as the catalytic residues for transferase function. The hydrogen bonding properties of these residues appears to be indispensable for the transferase reaction. Complementation of fabD(Ts) E. coli highlights the putative physiological role of this process. Our studies thus shed light on a key aspect of ACP biology and provide insights into the mechanism involved therein.
18F-Florbetaben (FBB) PET SUVR quantification: Which reference region? (2015)

1563 Objectives Binary visual interpretation is the standard assessment method in current clinical routine FBB β-amyloid (Aβ) plaque PET imaging of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For relative FBB uptake quantification approaches like neocortical standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) determination, the cerebellar grey matter (CGM) has so far consistently been used as reference region (RR). This investigation aimed at comparing CGM-FBB-SUVRs with those obtained using alternative RRs. Methods Regional and composite neocortical SUVRs were determined using CGM, whole cerebellum (WC), pons (P), and cerebral white matter (WM) as RRs in scans of three FBB studies: (a) 272 scans of the close to clinical routine FBB Phase 2 study (composite SUVRs, standard of truth (SoT): visual assessment by 5 independent readers). (b) 88 scans of the FBB Phase 3 study (SUVRs of 4 ROIs per scan, SoT: post mortem histopathology for neuritic and diffuse Aβ plaques). (c) 32 scans (16 subjects) of the FBB test-retest study (composite SUVRs, endpoints: test-retest variability (TRTV) and intra-class correlation (ICC)). Results In (a), CGM-SUVRs correlated with WC-SUVRs (ρ=0.89 (95%CI: 0.87-0.91)), P-SUVRs (ρ=0.82 (0.77-0.85)), and WM-SUVRs (ρ=0.75 (0.69-0.80)). Effect sizes (a) as well as correlation coefficients (a, b) did not differ, with overlapping CIs, for the SUVRs as obtained by the different RRs. Likewise, no significant differences were found in TRTV or ICCs (c) across the different RRs (table). Conclusions Regional and composite neocortical SUVRs of FBB scans are, to a large extent, robust with regard to the selection of the RR. Thus, CGM stays recommended as the RR of choice to analyze FBB scans, also due to the biological advantage of not being involved in AD-related pathology and atrophy. Research Support Piramal Imaging
Maximal Causality Analysis (2006)

Perfectly synchronous systems immediately react to the inputs of their environment, which may lead to so-called causality cycles between actions and their trigger conditions. Algorithms to analyze the consistency of such cycles usually extend data types by an additional value to explicitly indicate unknown values. In particular, Boolean functions are thereby extended to ternary functions. However, a Boolean function usually has several ternary extensions, and the result of the causality analysis depends on the chosen ternary extension. In this paper, we show that there always is a maximal ternary extension that allows one to solve as many causality problems as possible. Moreover, we elaborate the relationship to hazard elimination in hardware circuits, and finally show how the maximal ternary extension of a Boolean function can be efficiently computed by means of binary decision diagrams.
Predicting Total Clearance in Humans from Chemical Structure (2010)

A conceptually simple, fully in silico model to predict total clearance of new compounds in humans is described. Based on the premise that similar molecules will exhibit similar pharmacokinetic properties, we used a k-nearest-neighbors (kNN) technique to predict total clearance by comparison with known reference agents. Molecular similarity was defined using readily calculated one- and two-dimensional molecular descriptors, and the reference set was obtained by combining the Obach and Berellini sets of human pharmacokinetic data. Neutral molecules and drugs whose biological activity is associated with a metal center were removed from the combined set. The remaining 462 compounds were partitioned into a training and external test set of 370 and 92 compounds, respectively. For acids, bases, zwitterions, and quaternary ammonium/pyridinium ions, average prediction accuracy was within two-fold of observed for the external test set (n = 92). Using a collection of 20 drugs from the literature with > or =3 preclinical animal species allometric scaling data, accuracy of the in silico kNN model was not as good as the rule of exponents, but better than simple allometry (SA), and approached that of combination multiexponential allometry (ME) as defined by the number of predictions with < or =50% error. For a collection of 18 drugs with two species (rat-dog) data, the kNN model outperformed both SA and combination ME using the same performance standard. Since the model is fully in silico and, therefore, capable of generating total clearance predictions in the absence of any experimental data, it can be used to help guide early drug discovery research efforts, such as virtual compound library screening, and analogue prioritization prior to chemical synthesis and biological evaluation. Model validation was accomplished using the external test set, three- and five-fold cross-validation and two different y-randomization techniques (y-shuffling and random number pseudodescriptors).
Dynamic output feedback sliding mode design for a class of linear unmatched uncertain systems (2000)

This paper investigates the output feedback stabilization problem for a class of multi-input/multi-output (MIMO) systems with matched/unmatched uncertainties by the variable structure system (VSS) with a new sliding mode control. In dynamic systems, a new idea of a sliding sector that consists of two sets of switching surfaces is proposed. A new invariance condition is derived such that the reduced-order system in the new sliding mode is completely invariant to both matched and unmatched uncertainties. Additionally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and to reduce the drawbacks of conventional VSS design, a modified dynamic variable structure controller using only the output variables is applied to perform the sliding mode. Furthermore, a stability analysis of the overall system is also provided. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.