gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards a Flexible Intelligent Tutoring System for Argumentation (2009)

Supporting students in the acquisition of argumentation skills is an important goal of educational technology. However, there has not been much work done towards developing generic and reusable software architectures for collaborative argumentation that could reduce the development time for distributed argumentation learning systems. Based on a survey of more than 50 different argumentation systems, this paper presents a requirements analysis for a generic collaborative intelligent tutoring system for argumentation.
Bag‐1M inhibits the transactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor via recruitment of corepressors (2009)

The Bcl-2 associated athanogene 1M (Bag-1M) is known to repress the transactivation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). We report here that Bag-1M inhibits the action of GR via recruitment of corepressors, including nuclear receptor corepressor (NcoR) and silencing mediator for retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT), and histone deacetylase (HDAC)3 to the genomic response element of a glucocorticoid-regulated human metallothionein IIa (hMTIIa) gene. A mutant GR lacking the interaction with BAG-1M fails to recruit the corepressors NcoR and SMRT. RNAi-mediated knock down of corepressors and the use of HDAC inhibitor relieved Bag-1M-induced repression on the transactivation of the GR. In addition, Bag-1M is not involved in the degradation of the receptor. These findings indicate a novel mechanism by which Bag-1M acts as a corepressor and downregulates the activity of the GR.
Media exposure in children one hundred miles from a terrorist bombing. (2003)

This study assessed indirect interpersonal exposure to the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, broadcast and print media exposure in the aftermath of the explosion, emotional reactions to media coverage, and posttraumatic stress reactions in children distant from the explosion. A survey was administered to 88 sixth-grade students in the public middle school in a community 100 miles from Oklahoma City 2 years after the bombing. Many children reported indirect interpersonal exposure and most reported bomb-related media exposure. Print media exposure was more strongly associated with enduring posttraumatic stress than broadcast exposure. Indirect interpersonal exposure and the interaction of media exposure with emotional reaction to media coverage in the aftermath of the explosion each predicted ongoing posttraumatic stress. The results suggest that children may have lingering reactions to highly publicized terrorist incidents. Concern about the influence of television viewing has long been proclaimed. This study implicates print media exposure as well. Media exposure to terrorist incidents, therefore, should be monitored and those working with children should assess exposure and stress even in children not directly impacted.
SiC APDs and arrays for UV and solar blind detection (2009)

We report advancements in APDs and arrays using 4H SiC. Novel structures, array designs and specialized read out integrated circuits have been developed towards the realization of UV and solar-blind detector arrays exhibiting appreciable quantum efficiency, low noise and Geiger-mode operation. Discussion will include the design, fabrication and testing of these devices, which may find use in a variety of applications.
Antireflective layers on thin metal films for mid-infrared internal reflection spectroscopy (2010)

Mid-infrared transparent, micrometer-thick coatings on infrared-transparent substrates for use with attenuated total internal reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy through metal films are introduced. The coatings enhance the tunneling of light through the metals.
The integration of OSI network management and TCP/IP Internet management using SNMP (2002)

Network management refers to monitoring and controlling network elements. There are two different prevalent communication protocols used for network management, simple network management protocol (SNMP) proposed by IAB and common management information protocol (CMIP) by ISO/OSI. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach for the integration of OSI network management and TCP/IP Internet management using SNMP. We present an architecture and techniques to menage TCP/IP Internet using OSI's common management information services (CMIS) and system management functions (SMFs). We compare services provided by SNMP with those of OSI management. The features of management information models used by SNMP and OSI management are also comparatively analyzed. Software architecture and algorithms which are necessary for the provision of management application services using SNMP are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cellularity: The Distribution in Normal Volunteers (1993)

"Bronchoalveolar Lavage Cellularity: The Distribution in Normal Volunteers." American Review of Respiratory Disease, 147(6_pt_1), p. 1607
The Evaluation of Sn-58Bi Composite Solder Mixed with Y2O3 (2005)

With the development of surface mount technology, solders are required for applications that require high reliability and dimensional stability. Composite solders reinforced with particles in a conventional solder alloy, is an attractive and potential method. This study presents series results on the binary eutectic Sn-Bi composite solders reinforced with Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> particles from 0 to 3%. With this process, the reinforcement particles are well dispersed in the solder matrix and depress the growth of IMC layer. The gray impurities on the surface of the Sn-Bi solder cap are estimated to be Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> by XRD. With the increase of Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> content, the surface of the solder cap gets brighter and the number of fine particles mainly made up of Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> around the solder joints increases. The wetting properties and the shear strengths of solders are improved by the addition of Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub>
ChemInform Abstract: DEGENERATE COPE REARRANGEMENT OF 2,6‐BIS(AZONIA)BICYCLO(5.1.0)OCTA‐2,5‐DIENE DICATIONS (1977)

Abstract Das Diazahomotropiliden (Ia), das aus cis‐1,2‐Cyclopropandiamin und 2,4‐Pentandion bei 75°C (45 Std.) mit 92%iger Ausbeute dargestellt wird, ergibt durch Protonierung das Kation (IIa).
Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines. XXI. Syntheses of some 3-Acylaminomethyl-6-(chloro and iodo)- 2-(substituted phenyl)-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines and -imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and their Interaction with Central and Mitochondrial Benzodiazepine (1997)

A series of 3-acylaminomethyl-6-(chloro, iodo and methyl)-2-(phenyl, 4′-t-butylphenyl, 4′-cyclohexyl- phenyl, biphenyl-4′-yl, 4′-chlorophenyl and 4′-iodophenyl)imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines and imidazo[1,2- a]pyridines has been prepared and examined for interaction with central and mitochondrial (peripheral- type) benzodiazepine receptors. The imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines were generally more selective for the mitochondrial receptors than the corresponding imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines. Of these compounds, 3- acetamidomethyl-2-(biphenyl-4′-yl)-6-chloroimidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine (9) proved to be the most selective in studies of the displacement of [3H]diazepam from peripheral-type and central benzodiazepine receptors (IC50 2·8 nM and 0% displacement at 1000 nM, respectively).
Vakuummeßgeräte und Lecksuchgeräte (1988)

Druck ist definiert (vgl. Abschnitt 2.1) als die flächenbezogene Kraft; die SI-Einheit ist N · m−2 = Pascal = Pa. Teilchenanzahldichte ist (vgl. Abschnitt 2.2) der Quotient aus der Anzahl der in einem geeignet gewählten Volumenelement enthaltenen Teilchen (Atome, Moleküle usw.) und dem Volumenelement (DIN 28 400, Teil 1). Gasdruck p und Teilchenanzahldichte n in einem idealen Gas sind durch die Zustandsgieichung (2.31.7) p = nkT (11.1) (T = thermodynamische Temperatur, k = Boltzmannkonstante) verknüpft; sie ist bei den in der Vakuumtechnik herrschenden Drücken für alle Gase beliebig gut erfüllt (Abschnitt 2.6.2).
The mouse intracisternal A particle-promoted placental gene retrotransposition is mouse-strain-specific. (1993)

Insertion of a single long terminal repeat (LTR) of an intracisternal A particle (IAP) gene into a placenta-expressed cellular gene (mouse IAP-promoted placental gene, MIPP) has recently been found for the mouse strains Swiss and CF-1. To test whether such a retrotransposition event has also taken place in other strains of mouse, genomic DNA and total RNAs were analyzed from the outbred CF-1 strain and five inbred strains of mouse, AKR/J, C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, C3H/HeJ, and BALB/c. Specific DNA fragments flanking the LTR region were isolated from MIPP cDNA and genomic clones and used as hybridization probes. Three transcripts [two minor, 4.4 kilobases (kb) and 2.2 kb; one major, 1.2 kb] were detected. The 4.4-kb and 2.2-kb species were found in all strains of mouse studied. The 1.2-kb transcript (promoted by IAP LTR) is present only in placentas of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c mice. Both of these strains contain an IAP LTR in the MIPP gene. In contrast, there is no IAP LTR in this cellular gene in strains DBA/2J, C57BL/6J, and AKR/J. Thus, the IAP MIPP retrotransposition is strain-specific. The parents of the outbred CF-1 mice used for the present studies were both heterozygous at the MIPP locus. Restriction fragment length polymorphism studies using inbred strains and recombinant inbred mice have further established the linkage between the MIPP gene (D4Jhu8) and several loci on distal mouse chromosome 4. The symbol Ipp is being used for this gene in all major mouse data bases and in the comparative section of the human genome data base.
Quantitative detection of telomerase activity by real-time TRAP assay in the body fluids of cancer patients (2005)

Real-time TRAP assay was developed to improve the sensitivity and quantitative detection of telomerase activity in the body fluids of cancer patients. The sensitivity and clinical significance of the real-time TRAP assay was investigated. Real-time PCR protocol was modified by using ACX primer and SYBR green mixture from the process of TS primer extension. Real-time TRAP showed high correlation (r2=0.843, p=0.001) and sensitivity (25 times higher) compared to conventional TRAP. Of 164 samples, there were 8 positives in cytology (4.9%), 7 (4.3%) using the conventional TRAP, and 41 (25%) using real-time TRAP. In cytology positive samples, real-time TRAP showed a higher positivity than conventional TRAP (75% vs 63%) suggesting a higher sensitivity in the body fluids. There was a tendency towards a longer progression-free duration in telomerase negative patients than in positive patients, as determined by conventional and real-time TRAP. The diagnostic interval between the first positivity documentation and clinical progression was short in the order of real-time TRAP, conventional TRAP and cytology. In conclusion, real-time TRAP assay can detect telomerase activity at an earlier phase of cancer progression and can replace conventional TRAP assay for detecting the telomerase activity in body fluids.
Additions to the diversity of rare or overlooked lichens and lichenicolous fungi in Ukrainian Carpathians (2010)

Trapeliopsis glaucolepidea and Vezdaea stipitata. Brodoa intestiniformis, B
Development of Viscous Coupling Oil. (Part 3). Deterioration Behavior due to Gelation and Decomposition of Dimethylsilicone Oil. (1997)

ビスカスカップリングの中で, ジメチルシリコーンオイルがトライボケミカル反応によりゲル化し粘度増加することを前報までで明らかにしてきた。本報では, ゲルの形態を調べ, 劣化挙動を総合的に概括することを目的に研究した。ビスカスカップリングを用いた実機台上試験を行い, 試験後オイルを詳細に分析したところ, 生成したゲルはサブミクロン程度の微小であり, さらにゲルを除いたオイル部分は粘度が低下していることが観察された。すなわち, ジメチルシリコーンオイルはゲル化と並行して低分子化を起こし, 劣化オイルは低粘度化したオイルと, その中でくっつきあって存在する微小ゲルとからなることがわかった。粘度への影響はゲルの方が支配的で, 無添加のジメチルシリコーンオイルは増粘傾向を示す。特定の硫黄系極圧剤を添加したオイルではゲル化が防止され, 分解による粘度低下のみが観察された。また, ゲル化により粘度増加したものは, 100s-1までの比較的低せん断速度領域での見かけ粘度の低下が著しいことを示した。
Biotransformation of Two Pharmaceuticals by the Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaeon<i>Nitrososphaera gargensis</i> (2016)

The biotransformation of some micropollutants has previously been observed to be positively associated with ammonia oxidation activities and the transcript abundance of the archaeal ammonia monooxygenase gene (amoA) in nitrifying activated sludge. Given the increasing interest in and potential importance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), we investigated the capabilities of an AOA pure culture, Nitrososphaera gargensis, to biotransform ten micropollutants belonging to three structurally similar groups (i.e., phenylureas, tertiary amides, and tertiary amines). N. gargensis was able to biotransform two of the tertiary amines, mianserin (MIA) and ranitidine (RAN), exhibiting similar compound specificity as two ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) strains that were tested for comparison. The same MIA and RAN biotransformation reactions were carried out by both the AOA and AOB strains. The major transformation product (TP) of MIA, α-oxo MIA was likely formed via a two-step oxidation reaction. The first hydroxylation step is typically catalyzed by monooxygenases. Three RAN TP candidates were identified from nontarget analysis. Their tentative structures and possible biotransformation pathways were proposed. The biotransformation of MIA and RAN only occurred when ammonia oxidation was active, suggesting cometabolic transformations. Consistently, a comparative proteomic analysis revealed no significant differential expression of any protein-encoding gene in N. gargensis grown on ammonium with MIA or RAN compared with standard cultivation on ammonium only. Taken together, this study provides first important insights regarding the roles played by AOA in micropollutant biotransformation.
Unbiased Detection of Respiratory Viruses by Use of RNA Sequencing-Based Metagenomics: a Systematic Comparison to a Commercial PCR Panel (2016)

Current infectious disease molecular tests are largely pathogen specific, requiring test selection based on the patient's symptoms. For many syndromes caused by a large number of viral, bacterial, or fungal pathogens, such as respiratory tract infections, this necessitates large panels of tests and has limited yield. In contrast, next-generation sequencing-based metagenomics can be used for unbiased detection of any expected or unexpected pathogen. However, barriers for its diagnostic implementation include incomplete understanding of analytical performance and complexity of sequence data analysis. We compared detection of known respiratory virus-positive (n= 42) and unselected (n= 67) pediatric nasopharyngeal swabs using an RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based metagenomics approach and Taxonomer, an ultrarapid, interactive, web-based metagenomics data analysis tool, with an FDA-cleared respiratory virus panel (RVP; GenMark eSensor). Untargeted metagenomics detected 86% of known respiratory virus infections, and additional PCR testing confirmed RVP results for only 2 (33%) of the discordant samples. In unselected samples, untargeted metagenomics had excellent agreement with the RVP (93%). In addition, untargeted metagenomics detected an additional 12 viruses that were either not targeted by the RVP or missed due to highly divergent genome sequences. Normalized viral read counts for untargeted metagenomics correlated with viral burden determined by quantitative PCR and showed high intrarun and interrun reproducibility. Partial or full-length viral genome sequences were generated in 86% of RNA-seq-positive samples, allowing assessment of antiviral resistance, strain-level typing, and phylogenetic relatedness. Overall, untargeted metagenomics had high agreement with a sensitive RVP, detected viruses not targeted by the RVP, and yielded epidemiologically and clinically valuable sequence information.
MEASUREMENT OF FLICKER NOISE AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR HOT-ELECTRON DEGRADATION IN <font>GaN</font>-BASED LEDS (2007)

Hot-electron stressing on GaN -based light emitting diodes (LEDs) has been performed using a dc stressing current. Detailed characterizations on the degradations in the optoelectronic and low-frequency noise properties of the devices have been conducted. Experimental results on I-V, electroluminescence (EL) and the integrated light output of the devices exhibit significant degradations with the stress time. Investigations on the low-frequency excess noise of the devices show that the degradations of the device properties arise from the generation of interface states at the InGaN / GaN heterointerface due to hot-electron stressing. Over two orders of magnitude increase in the current noise power spectral density, S I (f), is typically observed prior to the failure of the devices. Furthermore, it is shown that the initial rate of increase in S I (f) resulting from a dc current stress time of 48 hours is strongly correlated to the lifetimes of the devices demonstrating that flicker noise measurement can be used as a diagnostic tool for hot-electron hardness of the device.
OC21.03: Dynamic fetal cardiac magnetic resonance imaging using Doppler ultrasound gating in the assessment of the fetal aortic arch: a feasibility study in comparison to fetal echocardiography (2019)

To investigate the feasibility of dynamic fetal cardiac MRI using an MR compatible Doppler Ultrasound (DUS) device for fetal cardiac gating to evaluate the fetal aortic arch in comparison to fetal echocardiography. This was a prospective study including 17 fetuses with a normal aortic arch and two with suspicion of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) at a median age of 33 weeks (range 26-38). Dynamic fetal cardiac MRI was performed using a DUS device for direct fetal cardiac gating at a 1.5 T scanner. The aortic arch was evaluated in para-sagittal planes and the visualisation of the left subclavian artery was studied. MR image quality was assessed by two observers using a 4-point scale. Fetal echocardiography and postnatal diagnoses were considered as the standard of reference. Direct fetal cardiac gating allowed continuous triggering of the fetal heart. One case was excluded due to fetal movements and loss of a cardiac gating signal. Both, fetal cardiac MRI and echocardiography detected the CoA and enabled visualisation of the aortic arch in 16/18 cases. Qualitative evaluation revealed overall consistency for echocardiography and MRI. MR image quality was assessed by two observers according to the 4-point scale grading. Inter-observer agreement was good (kappa = 0.75). This study shows that dynamic fetal cardiac MRI using external cardiac MRI gating allows a reliable evaluation of the fetal aortic arch. Dynamic fetal cardiac MRI may be useful in addition to fetal echocardiography for the evaluation of the aortic arch.
Intravitreal triamcinolone for persistent cystoid macular oedema in eyes with quiescent uveitis (2009)

IVTA might be considered as a treatment for patients with chronic CMO when persistent despite previous systemic steroid therapy. Even patients without sustained resolution of CMO after IVTA might benefit in terms of transiently increasing visual acuity, but progression of cataract and rise in intraocular pressure limit repeatability.
Electrorefraction and electroabsorption in InP and GaAs near the band gap (1985)

Franz-Keldysh electroabsorption has previously been measured1 and used to make electrooptic modulators.2 Here we report the first systematic measurement of the large change in refractive index associated with this electroabsorption. We have observed that this electrorefraction effect can be much larger than the Pockels effect in the same materials. Thus electrorefraction can be used to obtain more effective modulation in III—V semiconductors.
Detecting moving objects from omnidirectional dynamic images based on adaptive background subtraction (2004)

This paper describes a new method for detecting moving objects with an omnidirectional camera. The proposed method uses a fixed omnidirectional camera which can acquire images surrounding the camera and a background subtraction technique based on adaptively updating background images. In subtracting the background image from the input image, we consider the oscillation of intensity so that the proposed method can robustly detect moving objects under the condition that there are fluorescent lights and incoming lights from windows. In experiments, moving objects have been successfully detected in indoor environments.
Power Allocation in Multiuser Parallel Gaussian Broadcast Channels With Common and Confidential Messages (2016)

We consider a broadcast communication over parallel channels, where the transmitter sends K + 1 messages: one common message to all users, and K confidential messages to each user, which need to be kept secret from all unintended users. We assume partial channel state information at the transmitter, stemming from noisy channel estimation. Our main goal is to design a power allocation algorithm in order to maximize the weighted sum rate of common and confidential messages under a total power constraint. The resulting problem for joint encoding across channels is formulated as the cascade of two problems, the inner min problem being discrete, and the outer max problem being convex. Thereby, efficient algorithms for this kind of optimization program can be used as solutions to our power allocation problem. For the special case K = 2, we provide an almost closed-form solution, where only two single variables must be optimized, e.g., through dichotomic searches. To reduce computational complexity, we propose three new algorithms, maximizing the weighted sum rate achievable by two suboptimal schemes that perform per-user and per-channel encoding. By numerical results, we assess the performance of all proposed algorithms as a function of different system parameters.
ROADBASE, EXPERIMENTAL ROAD URMITZ. CONSTRUCTION AND MEASUREMENTS (1977)

IN ORDER TO CLARIFY THE QUESTION OF HOW FAR THE THICKNESS OF THE ROADBASE IS DEPENDENT ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE RELEVANT BOUND OR UNBOUND FROST BLANKET, A 950 M LONG EXPERIMENTAL ROAD WAS CONSTRUCTED IN 1973, NORTH-WEST OF KOBLENZ NEAR URMITZ, IN CONNECTION WITH A NEW SECTION OF THE B9. THE ROAD WHICH USED TO HAVE TWO LANES HAD A TRAFFIC DENSITY OF 19411 VEHICLES/24 H IN 1973, WHICH INCLUDED 17.8% OR 3455 LORRIES WITH MORE THAN 5 T PAY LOAD, WHICH CORRESPONDS TO CLASS I OF THE RSTO 75. THE CONSTRUCTION OF AN EMBANKMENT SECTION WITH 9 TEST DIVISIONS IS DESCRIBED IN DETAIL; AMONGST THESE WERE 2 DIVISIONS WITH A PRELIMINARY SURFACE LAYER. APART FROM THE AUTOMATIC RECORDING OF VEHICLE DENSITY, NUMBER OF AXLES AND AXLE LOADINGS, MEASUREMENTS TAKEN INCLUDED OBSERVATIONS OF THE FIRST CHANGES BY WAY OF OPENING UP THE LOWER LAYERS, AS WELL AS HALF-YEARLY NON-DESTRUCTIVE MEASUREMENTS OF SETTLEMENT, OF LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE EVENNESS, OF THE LAYER THICKNESS AND DYNAMIC PLATE BEARING TESTS. THE PROGRAMME WITH FURTHER INTERMEDIARY AND FINAL INVESTIGATIONS IS DESCRIBED. SEE ALSO IRRD ABSTRACT NO 305666.