gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aspheric Rigid Gas Permeable Contact Lenses: Practitioner Discrimination of Base Curve Increments Using Fluorescein Pattern Evaluation (1989)

Evaluation of the fluorescein pattern is the main clinical indicator of the fit of a rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lens to the cornea. Traditionally, manufacturers inventory RGP lenses in 0.05-mm base curve increments. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that experienced practitioners are not able to discern base curve/cornea relations of aspheric design lenses correctly to within +/- 0.05 mm. Eleven clinicians with expertise in fitting rigid lenses were asked to interpret fluorescein patterns and lens fittings of the Bausch & Lomb Quantum aspheric RGP lens on five adapted rigid lens wearers. The results showed that the experienced practitioners used in this study were not able to discriminate cornea/base curve relations of Quantum aspheric lenses within +/- 0.05 mm more than 67% of the time (p less than 0.05). There were no patient-to-patient differences based on type of lens fit (interpalpebral or lid attachment) or degree of corneal toricity. Lenses fitted in 0.10-mm base curve steps were judged as being as acceptable as lenses fitted in 0.05 mm steps (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that Quantum aspheric design lenses need only be trial fitted in 0.10-mm base curve steps.
Abstract 12355: An Engineered High-Affinity ACE2 Peptide Therapeutically Alleviates Lung Vascular Endothelial Injury and Mortality Induced by Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Variants (2021)

Introduction: Vaccine hesitancy and the continuous emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that partially escape vaccine-induced immune responses highlight the urgent need for the development of effective therapeutics for COVID-19 patients. Hypothesis: The Engineered high-affinity ACE2 peptide has a therapeutic effect for SARS-CoV-2 and its variant-induced acute lung vascular injury. Methods: K18-hACE2 transgenic mice were inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 or P.1 variant of concerns to induce acute lung injury. The sACE2 2 .v2.4-IgG1 was injected once a day for consecutively 7 days starting from 12 hours at 10 mg/kg/day or 24 hours at 15 mg/kg/day post-SARS-CoV-2 inoculation. Results: We demonstrated that the higher binding affinity of sACE2 2 .v2.4-IgG1 to S proteins of the original SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 isolate and the B.1.1.7 (Alpha, UK isolate), B.1.351 (Beta, South Africa isolate), P.1 (Gamma, Brazil isolate), and B.1.617.2 (Delta, India isolate) SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern compared to wild-type soluble ACE2. Using humanized K18-hACE2 mice, we found that both SARS-CoV-2 isolate WA-1/2020 and the P.1 variant of concern induced severe acute lung endothelial injury, which resulted in the severe transvascular leak, lung edema, and death. The P.1 variant induced severe lung vascular leak and death at an earlier time point at Day 5 compared to WA-1 at Day 7, consistent with increased viral entry and replication. Treatment with sACE2 2 .v2.4-IgG1 decoy peptide could be initiated as late as 24h after inoculation with a lethal dose of the SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 isolate and profoundly reduces lung vascular injury and mortality. For the P.1 variant of concern, ACE2 2 .v2.4-IgG1 decoy peptide markedly improved survival and reduced lung vascular injury if administered early at 12 hours post-inoculation. Conclusion: sACE2 2 .v2.4-IgG1 has an exceptional therapeutic efficacy to SARS-CoV-2 WA-1/2020 and variant P.1 -induced acute lung vascular injury.
Anlagerungsreaktionen von Dichloressigsäurederivaten (1967)

Abstract Dichloressigsäureester lagern sich in Gegenwart alkalischer Katalysatoren an die Doppel‐bindung von α.β‐ungesättigten Carbonsäureestern, Vinylsulfonen, α.β‐ungesättigten Sulfonsäurederivaten, Vinylestern sowie an die Carbonyldoppelbindung von Aldehyden und an die CN‐Doppelbindung von Sulfonyliminen an. Anstelle von Dichloressigestern kann man für diese Anlagerungsreaktionen auch Dichloracetonitril verwenden.
Extreme Ultraviolet Multilayer Nanostructures and Their Application to Solar Plasma Observations: A Review (2018)

The advent of nanoscale multilayer (ML) technology has led to great breakthroughs in many scientific and technological fields such as nano-manufacturing, bio-imaging, atto-physics, matter physics and solar physics. ML nanostructures are an enabling technology for the development of mirrors and reflective gratings having high efficiency at normal incidence in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range, a spectral region where conventional coatings show a negligible reflectance. In solar physics, ML mirrors have proved to be key elements for both imaging and spectroscopy space instruments, as they allow to make observations of EUV solar plasma emissions with spatial and spectral resolutions never reached before. ML-based instruments have been used in many of the major solar satellites and have flown in numerous sounding rocket experiments; moreover, in the last two decades many studies were performed in order to develop ML structures with increasingly better performance for future solar missions. In this paper, a review of the most promising ML nanostructures developed so far and applied to the observation of solar plasma emission lines is presented. After a brief recall of ML theory, a detailed discussion of the most promising material pairs and layer stack structures proposed and applied to past and current space missions will be presented; in particular, the review will focus on the ML structures having high efficiency in the 6 nm-35 nm wavelength range. Finally, the ML stability to low energy ion bombardment will be discussed.
Solid‐State Facilitated Transport Membranes for Separation of Olefins/Paraffins and Oxygen/Nitrogen (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Carrier Properties and Transport Mechanism Mathematical Models Separation Performance of Olefins and Oxygen Membrane Stability Conclusions References
An innovative reactor analysis methodology based on a quasidiffusion nodal core model. Topical report: Phase I for period August 15, 1999--August 14, 2000 (2000)

This is a topical report of the NERI project ''An Innovative Reactor Analysis Methodology Based on a Quasidiffusion Nodal Core Model''
Radioimmunoassay for human thyroxine-binding prealbumin. (1986)

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) for human thyroxine-binding prealbumin (PA) is described. It employs highly purified PA, anti-human PA serum at 1:30,000 final dilution, normal bovine serum as a carrier, and polyethyleneglycol to precipitate the immune complexes. This assay is extremely sensitive (limit of detection less than 0.2 micrograms per dL or less than 3.6 X 10(-15) moles per tube), accurate (recovery = 98.7 +/- 9 percent, mean +/- S.D.) and reproducible (intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation = 3.6 to 6.3 percent and 7.2 to 9.5 percent, respectively). There was a highly significant correlation when the RIA was compared with radical immunodiffusion or with PA maximal binding capacity for thyroxine (r = 0.944 and r = 0.724, respectively, p less than 0.001). Concentration of PA in sera from normal subjects (age range = 20 to 88 years) averaged 27.7 +/- 0.5 mg per dL (mean +/- S.E.M.), with significantly higher values in males than in females in all age groups with the exception of the older subjects (20 to 50 years: males = 26.5 to 37 mg per dL; females = 23.1 to 33.8 mg per dL). Levels of PA progressively declined after the fifth decade of life. Pregnancy, hyperthyroidism, chronic liver diseases, cystic fibrosis, cancer and other non-thyroidal illnesses were associated with decreased levels of serum PA. Untreated hypothyroidism and chronic renal diseases showed widely scattered values of PA. Inherited thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) abnormalities and bisalbuminemia had no apparent effect on concentrations of serum PA.
Open-ended texture classification for terrain mapping (2002)

This paper introduces a new classification scheme called "open-ended texture classification". The standard approach for texture classification is to use a closed n-class classifier based on the Bayesian paradigm. These perform supervised classification, whereby all the texture classes have to be predefined. We propose a new texture classification scheme, one that does not require a complete set of predefined classes. Instead our texture classification scheme is based on a significance test. A texture is classified on the basis of whether or not its statistical properties are deemed to be from the same population of statistics as those that define a specific texture class. This new "open-ended texture classification" is considered potentially valuable in the practical application of terrain mapping of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images.
Processing of lipid-modified prolipoprotein requires energy and sec gene products in vivo (1993)

The kinetics of processing of glyceride-modified prolipoprotein that accumulated in globomycin-treated Escherichia coli has been found to be affected by sec mutations, i.e., secA, secE, secY, secD, and secF, and by metabolic poisons which affect proton motive force (PMF). The effect of sec mutations on processing of glyceride-modified prolipoprotein in vivo was not due to a secondary effect on PMF. Neither a secF mutation nor metabolic poisons affected the processing of previously accumulated proOmpA protein in vivo, suggesting that the requirements for functional sec gene products and PMF are specific to the processing of lipoprotein precursors by signal peptidase II.
Near-Optimal Control for Aircraft Conflict Resolution in the Presence of Uncertainty (2015)

In this paper, a stochastic near-optimal control method is proposed for determining aircraft conflict-resolution trajectories in the presence of uncertainty in real time. The prior work developed a stochastic optimal control method for aircraft conflict resolution based on the polynomial chaos expansion and pseudospectral methods. This stochastic optimal control method is extended to generate conflict-resolution trajectories in real time without actually solving the computationally expensive stochastic optimal control problems. The proposed near-optimal conflict-resolution algorithm is based on a recently developed surrogate modeling technique called polynomial chaos kriging, which is used to construct the surrogate models of the optimal conflict-resolution trajectories from a set of precomputed optimal solutions. The near-optimal conflict-resolution trajectories can be accurately generated in real time from the surrogate models with the information of current conditions (for example, current states). Through illustrative aircraft conflict-resolution examples, the performance and effectiveness of the proposed stochastic near-optimal conflict-resolution algorithm are evaluated and demonstrated.
Immediate Effects of Contralateral and Ipsilateral Cane Use On Normal Adult Gait (2008)

Both ipsilateral and contralateral cane use reduced cadence and mean peak vertical plantar force on the limb advanced with the cane in healthy young adults. Double limb support increased with cane use likely due to the reduced cadence and initial unfamiliarity with using an assistive device. A clinical implication of these findings is that prescription of canes for either ipsilateral or contralateral use effectively offloads a designated lower limb.
Research directions in biomedical engineering (1989)

The role of biomedical engineering and developments that affect it are outlined. Research areas that the authors believe will be of major importance at the beginning of the next century are discussed. They are: systems science and integrated biology; biomedical engineering in the cardiovascular system; biomaterials (metals, ceramics, and polymers); artificial organs; instrumentation and sensors; medical imaging (radiography, ultrasonic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, and other techniques); biomedical computing; biomechanics; and rehabilitation. Some new areas for biomedical engineering research (molecular biology, minimally invasive surgery, home health care, and geriatric care) are examined.
Simple push coating of polymer thin-film transistors (2012)

Solution processibility is a unique advantage of organic semiconductors, permitting the low-cost production of flexible electronics under ambient conditions. However, the solution affinity to substrate surfaces remains a serious dilemma; liquid manipulation is more difficult on highly hydrophobic surfaces, but the use of such surfaces is indispensable for improving device characteristics. Here we demonstrate a simple technique, which we call 'push coating', to produce uniform large-area semiconducting polymer films over a hydrophobic surface with eliminating material loss. We utilize a poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based trilayer stamp whose conformal contact with the substrate enables capillarity-induced wetting of the surface. Films are formed through solvent sorption and retention in the stamp, allowing the stamp to be peeled perfectly from the film. The planar film formation on hydrophobic surfaces also enables subsequent fine film patterning. The technique improves the crystallinity and field-effect mobility of stamped semiconductor films, constituting a major step towards flexible electronics production.
Characterization of a vaccinia-like virus isolated in a Brazilian forest (2002)

The SPAn232 virus (SPAnv) was isolated from sentinel mice in the forest of Cotia, São Paulo, Brazil. It was grouped originally as a Cotia virus (CV) sample due to serological cross-reaction with the latter. However, SPAnv presented genetic characteristics that differed from CV and indicated that SPAnv is a member of the vaccinia virus (VV) subgroup. SPAnv showed a HindIII-digested DNA pattern similar to those of the WR and Lister strains of VV. Also, SPAnv presented genes homologous to the vaccinia growth factor, thymidine kinase and A-type inclusion (ATI) genes from VV. RFLP analysis of the SPAnv ATI homologous gene indicated that the virus belongs to the VV group. Nucleotide sequences from SPAnv genes showed up to 99% similarity with the same genes from VV. Such a relationship was confirmed visually through the drawing of phylogenetic trees. The results point out the occurrence of a VV strain that is possibly in active circulation in the forests of Southeast Brazil.
Partitioning for pseudo-exhaustive testing is NP-complete (1987)

In the letter, two schemes of circuit partitioning for pseudo-exhaustive testing are described. The complexities of both are proved to be NP-complete.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Esters of Phosphorus Thioacids Containing Fragments of Cyclic Amino Acid Derivatives. (1983)

Abstract Zur Prüfung auf insekticide und akaricide Wirkung bei niedriger oder mäßiger Toxizität gegen Warmblütler werden die Phosphorylderivate der l ,4‐Di‐mercaptoacetyl‐2,5‐diketopyrazine (III), 1,4‐Dimercaptomethyl‐2,5‐diketopyrazine (V) sowie N‐Mercaptomethyl‐5‐carbethoxy‐2‐pyrrolidone (VII) hergestellt.
Analgesic α-Conotoxins Vc1.1 and Rg1A Inhibit N-Type Calcium Channels in Rat Sensory Neurons via GABA<sub>B</sub>Receptor Activation (2008)

alpha-Conotoxins Vc1.1 and Rg1A are peptides from the venom of marine Conus snails that are currently in development as a treatment for neuropathic pain. Here we report that the alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-selective conotoxins Vc1.1 and Rg1A potently and selectively inhibit high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium channel currents in dissociated DRG neurons in a concentration-dependent manner. The post-translationally modified peptides vc1a and [P6O]Vc1.1 were inactive, as were all other alpha-conotoxins tested. Vc1.1 inhibited the omega-conotoxin-sensitive HVA currents in DRG neurons but not those recorded from Xenopus oocytes expressing Ca(V)2.2, Ca(V)2.1, Ca(V)2.3, or Ca(V)1.2 channels. Inhibition of HVA currents by Vc1.1 was not reversed by depolarizing prepulses but was abolished by pertussis toxin (PTX), intracellular GDPbetaS, or a selective inhibitor of pp60c-src tyrosine kinase. These data indicate that Vc1.1 does not interact with N-type calcium channels directly but inhibits them via a voltage-independent mechanism involving a PTX-sensitive, G-protein-coupled receptor. Preincubation with a variety of selective receptor antagonists demonstrated that only the GABA(B) receptor antagonists, [S-(R*,R*)][-3-[[1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl]amino]-2-hydroxy propyl]([3,4]-cyclohexylmethyl) phosphinic acid hydrochloride (2S)-3[[(1S)-1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-ethyl]amino-2-hydroxypropyl](phenylmethyl) phosphinic acid and phaclofen, blocked the effect of Vc1.1 and Rg1A on Ca2+ channel currents. Together, the results identify Ca(V)2.2 as a target of Vc1.1 and Rg1A, potentially mediating their analgesic actions. We propose a novel mechanism by which alpha-conotoxins Vc1.1 and Rg1A modulate native N-type (Ca(V)2.2) Ca2+ channel currents, namely acting as agonists via G-protein-coupled GABA(B) receptors.
Antiabsorption resonances in infrared reflectance spectroscopy of alkali-Cu(111) adsorbate systems: Is the ground state a surface charge density wave condensate? (1994)

We have observed antiabsorption resonances when alkali metals are adsorbed on Cu(111). The resonances occur at \ensuremath{\Elzxh}${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.1 eV and cannot be attributed to phonon modes. We show that the experimental data can be consistently explained by attributing the resonances to vibrations, parallel to the surface, of a pinned surface charge density wave (CDW). We estimate the CDW effective mass to be ${\mathit{m}}^{\mathrm{*}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}500${\mathit{m}}_{\mathit{e}}$ per electron in the condensate.
Genome-wide methylation analysis identifies differentially methylated CpG loci associated with severe obesity in childhood (2015)

Childhood obesity is a major public health issue. Here we investigated whether differential DNA methylation was associated with childhood obesity. We studied DNA methylation profiles in whole blood from 78 obese children (mean BMI Z-score: 2.6) and 71 age- and sex-matched controls (mean BMI Z-score: 0.1). DNA samples from obese and control groups were pooled and analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Comparison of the methylation profiles between obese and control subjects revealed 129 differentially methylated CpG (DMCpG) loci associated with 80 unique genes that had a greater than 10% difference in methylation (P-value < 0.05). The top pathways enriched among the DMCpGs included developmental processes, immune system regulation, regulation of cell signaling, and small GTPase-mediated signal transduction. The associations between the methylation of selected DMCpGs with childhood obesity were validated using sodium bisulfite pyrosequencing across loci within the FYN, PIWIL4, and TAOK3 genes in individual subjects. Three CpG loci within FYN were hypermethylated in obese individuals (all P < 0.01), while obesity was associated with lower methylation of CpG loci within PIWIL4 (P = 0.003) and TAOK3 (P = 0.001). After building logistic regression models, we determined that a 1% increase in methylation in TAOK3, multiplicatively decreased the odds of being obese by 0.91 (95% CI: 0.86 - 0.97), and an increase of 1% methylation in FYN CpG3, multiplicatively increased the odds of being obese by 1.03 (95% CI: 0.99 - 1.07). In conclusion, these findings provide evidence that childhood obesity is associated with specific DNA methylation changes in whole blood, which may have utility as biomarkers of obesity risk.
<title>Optimal estimation and tracking of general rotations using geometric algebra with applications in computer vision</title> (2000)

In this paper we discuss an alternative approach to optimal and near optimal tracking and estimation of rotations with applications in vision systems. The technique used here will be that of Geometric Algebra (GA) which provides a very elegant and efficient framework for dealing with geometric entities and transformations. It is coordinate-free and has associated with it a well-developed calculus and multi-linear algebra. Much of the power of GA lies in the way it represents and interprets rotations. Estimation and tracking of geometric entities are important in many fields -- e.g. 3D object tracking, multi-camera systems, space and terrestrial navigation etc., and to date Kalman filter techniques have provided a fast and efficient means of solving such problems. We will show how Kalman filters with conventional type state- spaces are derived in a GA setting and then extend these ideas to deal with a state-space consisting of rotors. Taking advantage of the fact that we are able to write down a minimally parameterized cost function and differentiate with respect to rotors in the GA framework, a solution to the tracking and optimal orientation estimation problem can be obtained efficiently. The resulting algorithm is applied to a variety of real and simulated data using articulated models. In particular, we will look at tracking human motion data from an optical motion capture unit. The extraction, interpolation, modification and classification of the underlying motion is also discussed with reference to future research directions.
Harmonic Synchronization of Fourier-Synthesized Optical Pulses to an External Optical Clock (2004)

The fifth-harmonic synchronization of Fourier-synthesized 40-GHz optical pulses to a slower 8-GHz mode-locked optical pulse train was demonstrated by means of an advanced optical phase-locked-loop technique. For the Fourier synthesis, three continuous-wave semiconductor lasers were phase locked to generate the 40-GHz optical pulses, where an optical single-sideband modulator was used to obtain arbitrary waveforms. For the synchronization, a modified clock-recovery technique based on optical four-wave mixing was developed, where the timing-error signal was fed back to one of the Fourier-component lasers in order to minimize the timing jitter with respect to the optical clock. Synchronization with an estimated root-mean-square timing jitter of 0.43 ps was, thus, achieved.
Concanavalin-A Conjugated Fine-Multiple Emulsion Loaded with 6-Mercaptopurine (2000)

Fine-multiple (water-in-oil-in-water) emulsions were prepared by two-step emulsification using sonication. They were coated with concanavalin-A (Con-A) by three methods. The one involving covalent coupling of Con-A to the multiple emulsion incorporated anchor was better compared with lipid derivatized Con-A anchoring or the glutaraldehyde-based cross-linking method, as shown by the faster rate of dextran-induced aggregation. The selected multiple emulsions were characterized by physical properties such as droplet size, encapsulation efficiency, and zeta potential. Stability parameters such as droplet size, creaming, leakage, and aggregation as a function of relative turbidity were monitored over a 1-month period, which revealed good stability of the formulations. The release profile of 6-mercaptopurine followed zero-order kinetics. Pharmacokinetic studies showed an increase in half-life and bioavailability from multiple emulsion formulations administered intravenously. There was prolonged retention of drug in various tissues of rats when treated with Con-A-coated multiple emulsion as compared with uncoated one. Our study demonstrates the suitability of fine-multiple emulsion for intravenous administration and the potential for prolonged retention of drugs and targeting in biological systems.
Hybrid joints of textile reinforced concrete parts - designed for assembly (2006)

The International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures (RILEM) was founded with the aim to promote scientific cooperation in the area of construction materials and structures worldwide. This mission is achieved through collaboration of leading experts in construction practice and science including academics, researchers, industrialists, testing laboratories and authorities.