gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lag structures in commodity advertising research (1992)

This article examines basic assumptions about the lag structure of advertising. Evidence suggests for frequently consumed commodities, the lag structure is probably a monotonic decreasing function. Confusion may exist over what advertising variables to analyze and what shape the lag structure should take. Cumulative structures need to be differentiated from decay structures.
Antihypertensive Effect of Calcium Antagonists in Rats Differs from That of Vasodilators (1982)

1. Calcium antagonists of the dihydropyridine type such as nifedipine and nitrendipine are potent antihypertensive drugs in various forms of hypertension in rats. Long term treatment with calcium antagonists lowers high blood pressure and reduces cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats and additionally prevents mortality in renal (two-kidney, one-clip) and salt-induced (Dahl salt-sensitive) hypertensive rats. 2. Vasodilators of the hydralazine type only lower blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats but do not influence cardiac hypertrophy. Minoxidil lowers blood pressure in spontaneous and slightly in renal hypertensive rats but does not reduce heart hypertrophy in renal hypertension and may even aggravate hypertrophy in spontaneous and salt-induced hypertension. 3. The antihypertensive effect of calcium antagonists is not only due to peripheral vasodilatation. Calcium antagonists may also improve renal function by lowering renovascular resistance. Reduced volume load may contribute to the reversal of heart hypertrophy seen after calcium antagonists compared with vasodilators.
An intelligent assistant for the management of telecommunications network services (2002)

The complexity in the provision of telecommunications services has increased tremendously as a result of full network digitization. A rule-based system that fills a practical need of telecommunications network operators such as Hong Kong Telecom has been developed. It provides an intelligent interface between the mainframe-based Service Order Processing System and the digital exchanges. The system is designed using conventional rule-based expert system techniques. We describe its design and knowledge domain involved. A prototype is being tested. This is the first such system designed specifically for service provisioning in real operating environments that has been reported in the literature to the best of the authors' knowledge.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fabrication of single-chip polysilicon condenser structures for microphone applications (1995)

This paper describes a single-chip microphone structure and its fabrication using polysilicon for both condenser electrodes. The fabrication technology is IC-compatible with KOH-etching on one wafer surface only to form the membrane in a last step. The membrane dimensions range from 100 mu m by 100 mu m to 500 mu m by 500 mu m. The membrane thickness and the air gap is 1.5 mu m while the thickness of the backplate is 3.5 mu m. For increased mechanical sensitivity slotted membranes were also fabricated. The static deflection behaviour due to electrostatic forces was simulated and measured.
Transition metal complex redox shuttles for dye-sensitized solar cells (2015)

This review provides an in-depth investigation into exciting alternative electrolyte shuttles in DSSCs and the various advantages that they provide, such as high conversion efficiency and non-corrosive properties.
In-orbit magnetometer bias and scale factor calibration (2016)

Magnetometers are widely used for LEO small satellites attitude determination and control system. In order to estimate satellite dynamics and control attitude accurately, scale factor and bias of magnetometer must be estimated. In this study a linear Kalman filter (LKF) based algorithm for the estimation of magnetometer biases and scale factors is proposed. Proposed algorithms are simulated through attitude dynamics of a small satellite.
Automatic fire extinguishing systems for computer protection (1986)

Early UK philosophy on the subject of fire protection of data processing installations strongly deprecated the use of water‐based extinguishing installations. It was common practice to remove sprinkler heads and pipework from computer areas in otherwise sprinkler‐protected premises and ensure — by, for instance, the use of waterproof ceiling membranes — that any sprinkler protection elsewhere in the premises did not present a risk to the computer installation.
Parallel nanogap fabrication with nanometer size control using III–V semiconductor epitaxial technology (2008)

A nanogap fabrication process using strained epitaxial III-V beams is reported. The process is highly reproducible, allowing parallel fabrication and nanogap size control. The beams are fabricated from MBE-grown (GaAs/GaP)/AlGaAs strained heterostructures, standard e-beam lithography and wet etching. During the wet etching process, the relaxation of the accumulated stress at the epitaxial heterostructure produces a controlled beam breakage at the previously defined beam notch. After the breakage, the relaxed strain is proportional to the beam length, allowing nanogap size control. The starting structure is similar to a mechanically adjustable break junction but the stress causing the breakage is, in this case, built into the beam. This novel technique should be useful for molecular-scale electronic devices.
Evaluation of ischemia and myocardial viability in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with iodine-123-labeled 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) (1993)

Twenty patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) controlled by coronary arteriography (CA) and biplane left ventricular cineventriculography (LVCV) were investigated with the 15- (p[I-123]iodophenyl)-3-R,S-methylpentadecanoic acid (BMIPP) fatty acid analogue. During maximal symptom limited exercise 5 mCi (200 MBq) of BMIPP were injected followed by two SPECT studies within three hours. After another 30 min, with the patient at rest a third SPECT was performed after reinjection of 3 mCi (100 MBq) BMIPP. Visual inspection of the short and long axis slices and quantitative comparison of the short axis slices of the tomograms were performed to grade BMIPP uptake and refill and detect turnover abnormalities. These were addressed either as scar or as ischemia and compared to CA and a graded score of regional wall motion by LVCV which provided values for sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) to detect CAD. Fifteen infarctions had corresponded clinical, angiographic and scintigraphic findings in 93%.
Articles: Growth Enhancement of Juvenile Striped Mullet by Feeding Recombinant Yeasts Containing Fish Growth Hormone (1994)

Abstract An episomal plasmid, pYERT of 7.2 kilobase pairs under the control of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase promoter, was constructed for intracellular expression of rainbow trout growth hormone cDNA (complementary DNA) in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The possibility that recombinant yeast containing pYERT can be orally administrated as a feedstuff additive to enhance the growth of juvenile striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) was examined. Results demonstrated that fish fed once daily with a basal meal containing recombinant growth hormone (rGH) yeasts grew faster than did fish fed diets containing yeasts without rGH and fish in an untreated control group. Striped mullet fed diets with 2% rGH yeast coated with sodium alginate and gelatin showed the most significant differences (P < 0.01) in total weight, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency relative to the untreated control groups after 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, the growth of fish fed the diets with coated recombinant yeasts was better than that offish receiving the same dose of uncoated yeasts. Results from this investigation suggest that the administration of rGH yeasts in the diet is the simplest way to make the use of rGH in aquaculture economically feasible.
Design of an on-chip linear-assisted DC-DC voltage regulator (2013)

This article shows the design of an on-chip CMOS linear-assisted DC-DC regulator. It results a good alternative topology to classic switching DC-DC power converters. In the presented technique, an auxiliary linear regulator is used to cancel the output voltage ripple and provides fast responses for load and line variations. On the other hand, a switching converter, connected in parallel, allows supplying almost the whole output current demanded by the load. The objective of this linear-assisted regulator or hybrid topology is to achieve a high efficiency of switching converters, with suitable load and line regulation features, typical of linear regulators. In this kind of on-chip applications, CMOS is the current prevailing technology. Thus, in order to implement on-chip power supply systems and on-chip power management systems with low-to-medium current consumption, this structure has good features.
Mechanisms of control of microRNA biogenesis (2010)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of ∼22 nt non-coding RNAs that control diverse biological functions in animals, plants and unicellular eukaryotes by promoting degradation or inhibition of translation of target mRNAs. miRNA expression is often tissue specific and developmentally regulated. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been linked to developmental abnormalities and human diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disorders. The recent identification of mechanisms of miRNA biogenesis regulation uncovers that various factors or growth factor signalling pathways control every step of the miRNA biogenesis pathway. Here, we review the mechanisms that control the regulation of miRNA biogenesis discovered in human cells. Further understanding of the mechanisms that control of miRNA biogenesis may allow the development of tools to modulate the expression of specific miRNAs, which is crucial for the development of novel therapies for human disorders derived from aberrant expression of miRNAs.
Evaluation of a visually read ELISA for serodiagnosis and sero-epidemiological studies of kala-azar in the Baringo District, Kenya (1983)

ELISA for detecting leishmanial antibodies was established at Baringo District Hospital Kabarnet, Kenya, and successfully applied in clinical routine and sero-epidemiological surveys. To simplify the procedure and to make it more economical, ELISA was read as visual endpoint titre and blood was collected by the blotting paper method. 63 parasitologically confirmed kala-azar patients all showed a diagnostic IgG specific ELISA titre of 1:27,000 or more, which indicates a sensitivity of 100%. 11 of 14 persons found with this diagnostic titre during a house-to-house survey in a known focus of kala-azar could be confirmed parasitologically. Two more showed typical signs and symptoms of kala-azar and were successfully treated accordingly. Controls from unaffected areas were all negative. Low titres of 1:1000 and 1:3000 were observed in healthy individuals from foci of kala-azar, but could be easily distinguished from active cases. ELISA has been shown to be a convenient and reliable method for the serodiagnosis of East African kala-azar. The technique can be integrated into the routine work of a clinical laboratory at the level of a district hospital, without sophisticated equipment and with a minimum of funds. Blood of suspected kala-azar cases can be collected on blotting paper in dispensaries and health centres near known foci and sent to the laboratory.
Modulation of NAADP (nicotinic acid–adenine dinucleotide phosphate) receptors by K+ ions: evidence for multiple NAADP receptor conformations (2003)

NAADP (nicotinic acid-adenine dinucleotide phosphate) mediates Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores in a wide variety of cell types. In sea urchin eggs, subthreshold concentrations of NAADP can cause full inactivation of NAADP-induced Ca2+ release, an effect that may be related to the ability of the target protein to bind its ligand in an essentially irreversible manner. In the present study, we found that K+ ions inhibit dissociation of NAADP from sea urchin egg homogenates. In low K+-containing media, an addition of excess unlabelled NAADP effectively displaced bound radioligand whereas dilution of radioligand initiated only partial dissociation. The inhibitory effects of K+ on dissociation of NAADP were concentration dependent, reversible and persisted after detergent solubilization. Lowering [K+] of the medium decreased the sensitivity of NAADP receptors for their ligand in stimulating Ca2+ release, but it did not affect inactivation of NAADP-induced Ca2+ release by subthreshold concentrations of NAADP. Our results are consistent with the observation of multiple conformations of the NAADP receptor that are readily revealed in low K+-containing media.
Allergy to topical corticosteroids in inflammatory bowel disease (2003)

A 57 year old Caucasian man presented with an eight week history of loose bowel motions 10 times daily, with blood, slime, and mucus. Sigmoidoscopy showed an abnormal vascular pattern and a granular mucosa. Rectal biopsy was reported histologically to show inflammatory bowel disease, and treatment was initiated with oral Asacol (mesalazine) 800 mg three times daily and Predfoam (prednisolone metasulphobenzoate sodium) enema twice daily. This treatment was continued over a period of about eight weeks, initially with some improvement but latterly relapsing to the pretreatment state. Fibreoptic colonoscopy was then performed, revealing inflammatory changes up to the distal sigmoid colon. Biopsies were suggestive of Crohn’s disease. Treatment was continued for a further three months without improvement. The patient decided on his own initiative to stop …
Methodological issues of DAI applications interface design: transparency analysis (1992)

This paper deals with the design of user interfaces of highly interactive DAI systems composed of multiple coarse grained intelligent agents. A methodological framework for the analysis and design steps required for the development of the user interface agent is outlined. An assumption is made that the DAI system is already fully specified or built out of pre-existing components. The main aspect of this methodology is the. mmsparency analysis of the interface which determines the degree of detail the end user is expected to know about the DAI system. The outlined methodology, which is in the preliminary phases of verification, is useful for interface designers of DAI applications with similar characteristics.
GradeTrust: A secure trust based routing protocol for MANETs (2015)

Trust-based secure routing in MANETs has attracted lot of research attention worldwide. It is effective in providing secure routing by isolating malicious nodes and other overheads from MANETs. This paper proposes, GradeTrust, a secure routing protocol for MANETs based on the trust levels of network nodes. It uses trust to isolate black hole routing attacks thus offering secure routing of data traffic as well as improved packet delivery ratio. Preliminary simulation results have shown that trust compromise and packet delivery ratio is better in GradeTrust compared to traditional routing protocols, such as AODV and FSR.
Extreme carpal variability in<i>Teleoceras</i>(Rhinocerotidae, Mammalia) (1983)

ABSTRACT A large population of the common American Miocene rhinoceros, Teleoceras, shows extreme variability in the shape of the magnum and unciform. A small number of the specimens show a de novo posterior (volar) articulation between these two carpals. The new articulation may have been formed as an early stage in the fusion of the two bones. It is suggested that in order to evolve a complex new structure, a population will sometimes produce more variation in the affected elements than is actually necessary to form the structure.
External Patch Prior Guided Internal Clustering for Image Denoising (2015)

Natural image modeling plays a key role in many vision problems such as image denoising. Image priors are widely used to regularize the denoising process, which is an ill-posed inverse problem. One category of denoising methods exploit the priors (e.g., TV, sparsity) learned from external clean images to reconstruct the given noisy image, while another category of methods exploit the internal prior (e.g., self-similarity) to reconstruct the latent image. Though the internal prior based methods have achieved impressive denoising results, the improvement of visual quality will become very difficult with the increase of noise level. In this paper, we propose to exploit image external patch prior and internal self-similarity prior jointly, and develop an external patch prior guided internal clustering algorithm for image denoising. It is known that natural image patches form multiple subspaces. By utilizing Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) learning, image similar patches can be clustered and the subspaces can be learned. The learned GMMs from clean images are then used to guide the clustering of noisy-patches of the input noisy images, followed by a low-rank approximation process to estimate the latent subspace for image recovery. Numerical experiments show that the proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art denoising algorithms such as BM3D and WNNM.
Tracking climate models (2011)

Abstract Climate models are complex mathematical models designed by meteorologists, geophysicists, and climate scientists, and run as computer simulations, to predict climate. There is currently high variance among the predictions of 20 global climate models, from various laboratories around the world, that inform the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Given temperature predictions from 20 IPCC global climate models, and over 100 years of historical temperature data, we track the changing sequence of which model predicts best at any given time. We use an algorithm due to Monteleoni and Jaakkola that models the sequence of observations using a hierarchical learner, based on a set of generalized Hidden Markov Models, where the identity of the current best climate model is the hidden variable. The transition probabilities between climate models are learned online, simultaneous to tracking the temperature predictions. On historical global mean temperature data, our online learning algorithm's average prediction loss nearly matches that of the best performing climate model in hindsight. Moreover, its performance surpasses that of the average model prediction, which is the default practice in climate science, the median prediction, and least squares linear regression. We also experimented on climate model predictions through the year 2098. Simulating labels with the predictions of any one climate model, we found significantly improved performance using our online learning algorithm with respect to the other climate models and techniques. To complement our global results, we also ran experiments on IPCC global climate model temperature predictions for the specific geographic regions of Africa, Europe, and North America. On historical data, at both annual and monthly time‐scales, and in future simulations, our algorithm typically outperformed both the best climate model per region and linear regression. Notably, our algorithm consistently outperformed the average prediction over models, the current benchmark. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 372–392, 2011
Promotion by neurotensin of gastric carcinogenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in Wistar rats. (1989)

The effects of neurotensin on the incidence and histology of gastric cancers induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine were investigated in Wistar rats. Rats were given 100 or 200 micrograms per kg of body weight of neurotensin s.c. every other day in depot form after 25 wk of p.o. treatment with the carcinogen. Prolonged alternate-day administration of neurotensin at 200 micrograms per kg of body weight resulted in a significant increase in the incidence of gastric cancers of the glandular stomach by Wk 52. However, it did not influence the histological appearance of the gastric cancers. Furthermore, it caused a significant increase in the labeling indices of the epithelial cells of the antrum and of gastric cancers. In contrast, the administration of neurotensin at 100 micrograms per kg of body weight had a slight, but not significant, influence on the development of gastric cancers. These findings indicate that neurotensin promotes gastric carcinogenesis, and that this effect may be related to its effect in increasing proliferation of epithelial cells in the antral mucosa and in gastric cancers.
Memilih- Braket Direct Bonding Yang Paling Baik Menggunakan (2003)

ABSTRAK\nTujuan penults ini untuk memilih braket direct - bonding yang paling baik dengan bantuan menggunakan konsep Adhesif Remnant index (.:4RI).. Pemilihan braket direct  bonding masih ciiperlukan karena pada saat ini banyak rnaeam-macam braket yang beredar di pasaran Banyk orthodontis memilih braket yang lebih mahal karena adanya mesh base, sedangkan braket yang tidak mahal, braket direct -- bonding one piece atau monoblok akan menawarkan segalanya tetapi merupakan braket piliban yang terakhir. Akhir-akhir in banyak pabrik memproduksi braket yang dibuat dengan mold injection yang tidal( mahal tapt dikatakan menipunyai kokuatan bonding yang hampir mina dengan braket yang dilengkapi mesh pad. Kelebihan braket yang tidak tnahal adalah kemarnpuan menerima kekuatan bonding yang artinya sebagai penghematart setengah jurniab uang yang dikeluarkan tapi sayangnya sedikit sekali laporan yang diterbitkan sehina tidak bisa digunakan sebagai pegangan Kegagaian braket dinilai dengan modifikasi index AR1 yang dikena] dengan Modified Remnant index 01.4R1) dun ternyata ukuran mesh yang lebih busar memberikan hasil yang lebih balk seperti mesh yang disuk.at sekarang.\nKate kunci Braket bonding., etsa asairt, bahan perlekatan langsung. kekuatan tank
Amorphous silicon solar cells prepared at high deposition rates (1990)

This document describes the progress in the research of amorphous silicon solar cells prepared at high deposition rates. By using high excitation frequency (110 MHz) and optimization of deposition conditions, the electronic properties of i-layers deposited from Si{sub 2}H{sub 6} or SiH{sub 4} at approximately 2 nm/s approached the properties of low deposition rate films. B(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} was used as an alternative p-layer doping gas. The results show that B(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} is a better doping gas than B{sub 2}H{sub 6}, due to its better thermal stability and produces a film with better electro-optical properties. The open-circuit voltage, V{sub oc}, of the devices has been improved by using a B(CH{sub 3}){sub 3} p-layer and a better p/i interface layer. The short circuit current density, J{sub sc}, has been improved by using an ITO/Ag back reflector. The key for fabricating high-deposition-rate SiH{sub 4} devices has been found to be the p/i interface. As a result, high-deposition-rate cells deposited from both Si{sub 2}H{sub 6} and SiH{sub 4} source gases reached 10% efficiencies. A 1-cm{sup 2} cell deposited at 2 nm/s from Si{sub 2}H{sub 6} reached 10.1% initial efficiency as measured by the Solar Energy Research Institute. 16 refs., 11 figs., 3more » tabs.« less
Studies of stacked electromagnetically coupled patch antennas (1995)

Abstract Theoretical results illustrating the behavior of stacked electromagnetically coupled patch antennas are presented, using a recently developed rigorous model for probe‐fed microstrip antennas. Examples of design guides are given and the need for comprehensive design guides is noted. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.