gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of ER, PgR, HER-2 and Ki-67 as predictors of response to neoadjuvant anthracycline chemotherapy for operable breast cancer (2004)

Primary systemic therapy (PST) for operable breast cancer enables the identification of in vivo biological markers that predict response to treatment. A total of 118 patients with T2-4 N0-1 M0 primary breast cancer received six cycles of anthracycline-based PST. Clinical and radiological response was assessed before and after treatment using UICC criteria. A grading system to score pathological response was devised. Diagnostic biopsies and postchemotherapy surgical specimens were stained for oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptor, HER-2 and cell proliferation (Ki-67). Clinical, radiological and pathological response rates were 78, 72 and 38%, respectively. There was a strong correlation between ER and PgR staining (P < 0.0001). Higher Ki-67 proliferation indices were associated with PgR- tumours (median 28.3%, PgR+ 22.9%; P = 0.042). There was no relationship between HER-2 and other biological markers. No single pretreatment or postchemotherapy biological parameter predicted response by any modality of assessment. In all, 10 tumours changed hormone receptor classification after chemotherapy (three ER, seven PgR); HER-2 staining changed in nine cases. Median Ki-67 index was 24.9% before and 18.1% after treatment (P = 0.02); the median reduction in Ki-67 index after treatment was 21.2%. Tumours displaying >75% reduction in Ki-67 after chemotherapy were more likely to achieve a pathological response (77.8 vs 26.7%, P = 0.004).
KING-DENBOROUGH SYNDROME CAUSED BY A NOVEL MUTATION IN THE RYANODINE RECEPTOR GENE (2008)

Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare pharmacogenetic syndrome characterized by muscle rigidity, respiratory and metabolic acidosis, and an elevation in body temperature after exposure to inhalational anesthetics. MH has been associated with a number of myopathies, including central core disease (CCD) and King-Denborough syndrome.1 King-Denborough syndrome is defined by a tendency to anesthetic-induced MH in children with proximal weakness and characteristic dysmorphic features.2 Mutations in the skeletal muscle calcium release channel ryanodine receptor ( RYR1 ) gene cause MH and CCD.1 We describe a girl with phenotypic features of King-Denborough syndrome and confirmed susceptibility to MH, in whom sequencing revealed a novel heterozygous A97G point mutation in exon 2 of RYR1. 

### Case report.

The patient was born at term after a pregnancy complicated by decreased fetal movements and breech presentation. Hypotonia and dysmorphism (bilateral ptosis, limited vertical gaze, a high-arched palate, prominent philtrum, and scaphocephaly) were noted at birth. She had early failure to thrive. Neurologic examination showed hypotonia with mild facial and proximal limb weakness and normal deep tendon reflexes.

The father and paternal grandfather had congenital ptosis without other signs of neuromuscular disease. The mother and siblings were clinically unaffected. Electromyography (EMG) and serum …
Combination of fibrin-agarose hydrogels and adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for peripheral nerve regeneration (2013)

Clinical, electrophysiological and histological improvements obtained with tissue-engineered ADMSC conduits may contribute to enhancing axonal regeneration by Schwann cells.
Coordinating a robot arm and multi-finger hand using the quaternion representation (2002)

An algorithm is presented which, given a desired position and normal for each fingertip, computes all the joint angles for the fingers and arm. The primary method for handling this underconstrained problem is to optimize a cost function. Methods are also given for generating good candidates to be optimized. Several new techniques are given for using the quaternion form to optimize rotation. Experimental results from using the algorithm to apply complicated grasps with a Utah/MIT hand-arm system are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using a Distributed Roadside Unit for the Data Dissemination Protocol in VANET With the Named Data Architecture (2018)

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) has recently become one of the highly active research areas for wireless networking. Since VANET is a multi-hop wireless network with very high mobility and intermittent connection lifetime, it is important to effectively handle the data dissemination issue in this rapidly changing environment. However, the existing TCP/IP implementation may not fit into such a highly dynamic environment because the nodes in the network must often perform rerouting due to their inconsistency of connectivity. In addition, the drivers in the vehicles may want to acquire some data, but they do not know the address/location of such data storage. Hence, the named data networking (NDN) approach may be more desirable here. The NDN architecture is proposed for the future Internet, which focuses on the delivering mechanism based on the message contents instead of relying on the host addresses of the data. In this paper, a new protocol named roadside unit (RSU) assisted of named data network (RA-NDN) is presented. The RSU can operate as a standalone node [standalone RSU (SA-RSU)]. One benefit of deploying SA-RSUs is the improved network connectivity. This study uses the NS3 and SUMO software packages for the network simulator and traffic simulator software, respectively, to verify the performance of the RA-NDN protocol. To reduce the latency under various vehicular densities, vehicular transmission ranges, and number of requesters, the proposed approach is compared with vehicular NDN via a real-world data set in the urban area of Sathorn road in Bangkok, Thailand. The simulation results show that the RA-NDN protocol improves the performance of ad hoc communications with the increase in data received ratio and throughput and the decrease in total dissemination time and traffic load.
Transmission consideration-based electricity rates using optimal power flows. (1999)

Electricity rate structures has been an area of intense research, undergoing dramatic changes as new and expanded service options are added. Real-time pricing of electricity is one of the options that maximize the economic efficiency of the power system. Under real-time pricing, the electricity prices to the customer follow as closely as technically practical, the real cost of electricity at the time that it is produced and supplied.
Biological Evaluation and Spectral Studies of Asymmetrical 3,5-Disubstituted-1,2,4-Oxadiazoles (2014)

In present communication, we report the synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-oxadiazoles derivatives from amino acid derivative with excellent 80-95% yields via a fast and easy procedure under mild conditions. Structures of all the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated based on their elemental analyses and various spectroscopic methods. The in vitro activities of these compounds against bacteria and fungi were evaluated by the well diffusion and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Some of the synthesized derivatives were found active as compare to standard drugs.
Effective medium approximation of the optical properties of electrochromic cerium-titanium oxide compounds (2014)

Cerium titanium oxide samples derived from a solution have been compared against sputtered films over a wide range of different compositions. X-ray diffraction was used to investigate the structural properties of the compound material existing in a two-phase mixture M{sub A}O{sub 2}-M{sub B}O{sub 2}. The optical properties were evaluated over the whole solar spectrum by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry combined with spectrophotometry. The spectral complex refractive index was determined for CeO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}, as well as for their compounds. To reduce the large number of permutations in composition of multi-component oxides it would be useful to be able to predict the properties of the mixtures from the pure oxide components. Therefore these results were compared to those obtained by effective medium theory utilizing the optical constants of CeO{sub 2} and TiO{sub 2}. In order to investigate the performance as passive counter-electrode in Li{sup +} based electrochromic devices the films were tested by cyclic voltammetry with in-situ transmission control. Chemical composition was measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Surface morphology was analyzed by atomic force microscopy.
Changes in ankle joint proprioception resulting from strips of athletic tape applied over the skin. (1997)

We concluded that increased cutaneous sensory feedback provided by strips of athletic tape applied across the ankle joint of healthy individuals can help improve ankle joint position perception in nonweightbearing, especially for a midrange plantar-flexed ankle position.
Mapping of the Seed Transmission Determinants of Barley Stripe Mosaic Virus (1995)

The specific mechanism(s) by which some plant viruses are transmitted through seed, while others are excluded, is not known. Using infectious barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) RNAs transcribed in vitro from full-length cDNA clones, the viral genetic determinants of seed transmission have been mapped. Both pseudorecombinant and chimeric viruses were constructed from BSMV strains ND18 (seed transmitted) and CV17 (not seed transmitted). The markedly different seed transmissibility of these two strains facilitated the identification of RNAgamma as the location of the primary determinants of seed transmission phenotype. RNAbeta also played a role in seed transmission, but to a lesser extent than RNAgamma. Major genetic determinants of seed transmission on RNAgamma included the 5' untranslated leader, a 369-nt repeat in the gammaa gene, and the gammab gene. Important determinants of symptom phenotype mapped to the RNAgamma leader and the gammab gene as well. Some heterologous combinations of the RNAgamma leader and the gammab gene resulted in dramatic changes in symptomatology and seed transmission, depending on the parental source of RNAs alpha and beta. These results suggest that a complex interaction of the RNAgamma leader, the gammab gene, and RNAs alpha and beta are involved in BSMV pathogenesis. Considering the putative regulatory role of the gamma gene (Donald and Jackson 1994, Plant Cell 6:1593-1606) and the trans effects that alterations in the gammab gene have on RNAbeta gene expression (Petty et al., 1990, EMBO J. 9:3453-3457), phenotypic effects attributed to elements of RNAgamma could result from cis or trans interactions involving the RNAgamma leader, the gammab gene, and RNAs alpha and beta. Clearly, virus replication and movement play pivotal roles in the seed transmission of BSMV.
High temperature stability of SmTM magnets (1998)

To meet the demand for permanent magnet materials usable up to 450–500 °C, we investigated and reported that a SmTM magnet with a low temperature coefficient of coercivity and a moderately high coercivity has substantially lower irreversible losses at elevated temperatures than conventional Sm2TM17 magnets. We have continued our studies on the high temperature magnetic behavior of these magnets. The magnetic properties, particularly coercivity, of the SmTM7 alloy magnets are reduced much more slowly than the Sm2TM17 alloy magnets as temperature increases. As a result, the Hci of SmTM7 remains greater than 5 kOe at 500 °C and thus maintains its high-energy product, while the Sm2TM17 magnet has only about 1.7 kOe at the same temperature and has a low energy product. SmTM7 alloy magnets undergoing a long-term stability test at 500 °C exhibit irreversible flux losses of less than 5% after 1240 h. These results indicate that SmTM7 alloy magnets can be usable up to 500 °C for an extended period of time. This will expand the application temperature range of high performance permanent magnets.
Synthesis and characterization of two new Schiff bases containing sulfur (1996)

This paper deals with the synthesis of two newSchiff bases containing sulfur-vitamin K3 monothiocarbohydrazone and pyruvic acid dithiocarbohydrazone. These two compounds have not yet beenreported in the literature so far. Their structures havebeen characterized by elemental analysis, MS, IR and1HNMR spectra.
Electromagnetic scattering from two dimensional objects using the Field Feedback Formulation (1989)

http://archive.org/details/electromagnetics1094525894
Spontaneous Tumor Incidence in Female Brown Norway Rats After Lifelong Diets High and Low in Linoleic Acid<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1985)

High linoleic acid (C18:2) (group I; 17.7 cal%) and low C18:2 (group II; 3.3 cal%) diets were given to groups of inbred Brown Norway virgin female rats (100 animals/group), during their whole life-span. A total of 140 tumors were found in group I and 123 tumors in group II; the median survival times of the 2 groups were 124.2 and 118.5 weeks, respectively. Total spontaneous tumor incidence and median survival times were not significantly different. However, significant differences were found in the incidences of some specific tumors: The numbers of reticuloendothelial tumors and adrenocortical carcinomas were significantly higher in the group of animals receiving the low-C18:2 diet. A high incidence of tumor multiplicity, however, resulted in a significantly greater number of mammary tumors in the high-C18:2 diet group.
Non-blocking Patricia Tries with Replace Operations (2013)

This paper presents a non-blocking Patricia trie implementation for an asynchronous shared-memory system using Compare&Swap. The trie implements a linearizable set and supports three update operations: insert adds an element, delete removes an element and replace replaces one element by another. The replace operation is interesting because it changes two different locations of trie atomically. If all update operations modify different parts of the trie, they run completely concurrently. The implementation also supports a wait-free find operation, which only reads shared memory and never changes the data structure. Empirically, we compare our algorithms to some existing set implementations.
Presence and Molecular Epidemiology of Virulence Factors in Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strains Colonizing and Infecting Soldiers (2009)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged as an important cause of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI). The understanding of the molecular epidemiology and virulence of MRSA continues to expand. From January 2005 to December 2005, we screened soldiers for MRSA nasal colonization, administered a demographic questionnaire, and monitored them prospectively for SSTI. All MRSA isolates underwent molecular analysis, which included pulsed-filed gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and PCR for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME), and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Of the 3,447 soldiers screened, 134 (3.9%) had MRSA colonization. Of the 3,066 (89%) who completed the study, 39 developed culture-confirmed MRSA abscesses. Clone USA300 represented 53% of colonizing isolates but was responsible for 97% of the abscesses (P < 0.001). Unlike colonizing isolates, isolates positive for USA300, PVL, ACME, and type IV SCCmec were significantly associated with MRSA abscess isolates. As determined by multivariate analysis, risk factors for MRSA colonization were a history of SSTI and a history of hospitalization. Although various MRSA strains may colonize soldiers, USA300 is the most virulent when evaluated prospectively, and PVL, ACME, and type IV SCCmec are associated with these abscesses.
Renal cell carcinoma (2009)

Changes in the treatment paradigm of advanced RCC continue to evolve with additional novel agents in the horizon. This review will provide an update of the latest concepts in the epidemiology, molecularly based biomarker development and the management of patients with advanced RCC.
Unobtrusive ambulatory EEG using a smartphone and flexible printed electrodes around the ear (2015)

This study presents first evidence that reliable EEG data can be recorded with a new cEEGrid electrode array, which consists of ten electrodes printed on flexible sheet and arranged in a c-shape to fit around the ear. Ten participants wore two cEEGrid systems for at least seven hours. Using a smartphone for stimulus delivery and signal acquisition, resting EEG and auditory oddball data were collected in the morning and in the afternoon six to seven hours apart. Analysis of resting EEG data confirmed well-known spectral differences between eyes open and eyes closed conditions. The ERP results confirmed the predicted condition effects with significantly larger P300 amplitudes for target compared to standard tones, and a high test-retest reliability of the P300 amplitude (r > = .74). Moreover, a linear classifier trained on data from the morning session revealed similar performance in classification accuracy for the morning and the afternoon sessions (both > 70%). These findings demonstrate the feasibility of concealed and comfortable brain activity acquisition over many hours.
Discovering functional formulas through changing representation base (1986)

This paper deals with computer generation of numerical functional formulas describing results of scientific experiments (measurements). It describes the methodology for generating functional physical laws called COPER (Kokar 1985a). This method generates only so called meaningful functions, i.e., such that fulfill some syntactic conditions. In the case of physical laws these conditions are described in the theory of analysis, which provides rules for grouping arguments of a function into a (smaller) number of dimensionless monomials. These monomials constitute new arguments for which a functional formula is generated. COPER takes advantage of the fact that the grouping is not unique since it depends on which of the initial arguments are chosen as so called dimensional base (representation base). For a given functional formula the final result depends on the base. In its search for a functional formula COPER first performs a search through different representation bases for a fixed form of the function before going into more complex functional formulas. It appears that for most of the physical laws only two classes of functional formulas - linear functions and second degree polynomials - need to be considered to generate a formula exactly matching the law under consideration.
Effect of the thickness of a thermal interface material (solder) on heat transfer between copper surfaces (2001)

Solder applied in the molten state was used as a thermal interface material between copper surfaces. The effect of the solder thickness on the heat transfer between the copper surfaces was studied by measuring the thermal contact conductance using the laser flash method. Increasing the thickness of solder from 10 to 30 mm was found to increase the heat transfer time (temperature rise time) by 25%. The effect is akin to replacing solder with an interface material that is 80% lower in thermal conductivity. It is also akin to decreasing the thermal contact conductance of the solder-copper interface by 70%. Thus, minimization of the solder thickness is recommended in practice.
Proceedings of the coal-fired power systems 94: Advances in IGCC and PFBC review meeting. Volume 1 (1994)

The Coal-Fired Power Systems 94 -- Advances in IGCC and PFBC Review Meeting was held June 21--23, 1994, at the Morgantown Energy Center (METC) in Morgantown, West Virginia. This Meeting was sponsored and hosted by METC, the Office of Fossil Energy, and the US Department of Energy (DOE). METC annually sponsors this conference for energy executives, engineers, scientists, and other interested parties to review the results of research and development projects; to discuss the status of advanced coal-fired power systems and future plans with the industrial contractors; and to discuss cooperative industrial-government research opportunities with METC`s in-house engineers and scientists. Presentations included industrial contractor and METC in-house technology developments related to the production of power via coal-fired Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) and Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion (PFBC) systems, the summary status of clean coal technologies, and developments and advancements in advanced technology subsystems, such as hot gas cleanup. A keynote speaker and other representatives from the electric power industry also gave their assessment of advanced power systems. This meeting contained 11 formal sessions and one poster session, and included 52 presentations and 24 poster presentations. Volume I contains papers presented at the following sessions: opening commentaries; changes in the market and technology drivers; advanced IGCC systems; advanced PFBC systems; advanced filter systems; desulfurization system; turbine systems; and poster session. Selected papers have been processed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.
Electron microscopic observations of dyskeratosis, apoptosis, colloid bodies and fibrillar degeneration after skin irritation with dithranol (1990)

Dying cells undergo coagulative necrosis or apoptosis. In the skin, apoptosis is known to occur in graft-versus-host reactions, in lichen planus, during regression of plane warts and neoplasms, and after physical injury caused by ultraviolet light resulting in sunburn cells. The present study shows that primary skin irritation also causes apoptosis. Mild, or moderate-to-considerable, dithranol irritation of healthy uninvolved human skin caused focally coagulative necrosis of keratinocytes and also apoptosis of scattered keratinocytes, i.e. condensation of chromatin and cytosol, clumping of tonofilaments and budding of membrane-bound cell fragments. These apoptotic cell fragments were engulfed in the epidermis by macrophages. Colloid bodies were detected in the upper dermis and apparently represented nonphagocytosed apoptotic cell fragments that had dropped down from the epidermis. Dithranol also caused fibrillar degeneration of melanocytes and in some cases of Langerhans' cells, indicating that colloid bodies in the upper dermis could partly derive from these cell types. The significance of apoptosis in irritant contact dermatitis could be to maintain homeostasis of epidermis and counteract the hyperplastic response caused by irritant stimuli. Another possibility is that apoptosis was the response to an injury less severe than that causing necrosis.
Bandwidth-aware peer-to-peer 3D streaming (2009)

Peer-to-Peer streaming support for 3D content (i.e., P2P 3D streaming) has recently been proposed to provide affordable and real-time virtual environment (VE) content delivery. However, the generally limited client upload bandwidth requires maximal bandwidth utilization for effective streaming. This paper proposes Bandwidth-Aware Peer Selection (BAPS), a peer selection strategy that improves the bandwidth utilization for 3D streaming. BAPS avoids request contention and peer overloading as object and user densities increase, thus improving both bandwidth utilization and system scalability. We compare BAPS with strategies that select from only peers within the area of interest (AOI) as data sources and do not consider bandwidth capacity. Our evaluation shows that BAPS achieves better performance in general, and maintains a stable minimal quality of service (QoS) for streaming, which is important for commercial applications.