gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Propranolol Hydrochloride Sustained-Release Pellets Using Box-Behnken Design and Desirability Function (1998)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate three process parameters for the application of ethylcellulose films from organic solutions to obtain multi-particulate controlled drug delivery of propranolol hydrochloride. The coating process was developed in a classical coating pan. A Box-Behnken central composite design was used to evaluate the effect of the film thickness (expressed as the amount of lacquer applied on pellets' surface unit), concentration of lacquer in the coating dispersion, and the plasticizer concentration on the independent variables. Those were t85, the degree of sticking in the coating pan, and the duration of the coating process. Contour and response surface plots were depicted based on the equation given by the model. Because the results were competitive, i.e., improving one response had an opposite effect on another one, an overall desirability function was described to ameliorate the interpretation of the results. The optimization procedure generated the maximum overall desirability value. A formulation was prepared under the optimized conditions yielding response values which were close to the predicted values. To understand the mechanism of drug release from the optimized pellets various models were used to fit the dissolution data. The Higuchi model appears to provide the best correlation.
What social media offers to health professionals and citizens (2009)

Increased access to the Internet and mobile communication combined with strategic uses of social media can bring public health informa-tion to many more people, more quickly and directly than at any time in history.Access to information and com-munication technology (ICT) is growing every year in all regions of the world. About one in four people globally are us-ing the Internet.
DNA sequence determinants of LexA-induced DNA bending (1993)

The LexA repressor from Escherichia coli induces DNA bending upon interaction with the two overlapping operators which regulate the transcription of the colicin A encoding gene caa. Both caa operators harbor T-tracts adjacent to their recognition motifs. These tracts have been suggested to be especially favorable for the promotion of LexA-induced DNA bending. Here we show that this is indeed the case, since disruption of the TTTT-tract adjacent to operator O1 by the replacement of the two central thymine bases by AA, GA or CG markedly reduces LexA-induced DNA bending. Simple A.T-richness in this position is thus not sufficient to promote full LexA-induced bending, albeit a TAAT sequence is always more efficient to promote bending than those sequences containing one or two C/G base pairs.
The European Market for Organic Products: Growth and Development (1999)

The European Market for organic food has been growing rapidly in terms of both supply and demand during the 1990s. However, national markets develop in many different directions. In some countries the market share ist quiet high while in others a market for organic farming products nearly does not exist. This book detects and compares the national markets of the main organic products in 18 European countries - the 15 EU countries plus Switzerland, Norway and the Czech Republic - on the basis of the most comprehensive collection of data ever presented covering the period 1993 - 1997/1998. It is shown that European demand is far from being satisfied and the major efforts in organising a transparent international market and developing marketing strategies is necessary to realise this potential. \nThis book is aimed at policy makers, the private sector, researchers and students in the field of economics and politics of organic farming.
The Unfolded Protein Response Protects from Tau Neurotoxicity In Vivo (2010)

The unfolded protein response is a critical system by which the cell handles excess misfolded protein in the secretory pathway. The role of the system in modulating the effects of aggregation prone cytosolic proteins has received less attention. We use genetic reporters to demonstrate activation of the unfolded protein response in a transgenic Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. We then use loss of function genetic reagents to support a role for the unfolded protein response in protecting from tau neurotoxicity. Our findings suggest that the unfolded protein response can ameliorate the toxicity of tau in vivo.
Structure and properties of CaTiO3 (1957)

A new determination of the atomic structure of CaTiOa has been made. It is orthorhombic, with space group _Pcmn; atomic coordinates are given. Synthetic crystals are identical with the majority of natural perovskite specimens. Two of the modes of twinning reported by Bowman from optical analysis have been confirmed by both X-ray and optical methods.
A growth rate-limiting process in the last growth phase of the yeast life cycle involves RPB4, a subunit of RNA polymerase II (1993)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, grown on a fermentable carbon source, display two growth phases before they enter the stationary phase: a rapid phase (log phase) followed by a slow phase. It was previously shown that a subunit of the yeast RNA polymerase II, RPB4, positively affects the activity of the enzyme in post-log phases but has little or no effect on its activity in log phase. Here, I show that RPB4 level limits the growth rate during the slow growth phase. Thus, a small increase in RPB4 protein level, in cells carrying multiple copies of the RPB4 gene, results in an almost twofold increase in the growth rate during this phase. Furthermore, RPB4 expression is differentially regulated in the two growth phases. During the slow growth phase, a posttranscriptional process which controls the RPB4 level and thus can control growth rate becomes active. These results reveal a complex growth control mechanism, in which the transcriptional apparatus is probably a limiting element, operating in the last stages of the yeast growth.
Mast Cells and Company (2012)

Classically, allergy depends on IgE antibodies and on high-affinity IgE receptors expressed by mast cells and basophils. This long accepted IgE/FcεRI/mast cell paradigm, on which the definition of immediate hypersensitivity was based in the Gell and Coomb's classification, appears too reductionist. Recently accumulated evidence indeed requires that not only IgE but also IgG antibodies, that not only FcεRI but also FcγR of the different types, that not only mast cells and basophils but also neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, and other myeloid cells be considered as important players in allergy. This view markedly changes our understanding of allergic diseases and, possibly, their treatment.
Fatty Acids of Vernix Caseosa (1961)

(1961). Fatty Acids of Vernix Caseosa. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 70-73.
Effects of electrons on the shape of nanopores prepared by focused electron beam induced etching (2011)

The fabrication of nanometric pores with controlled size is important for applications such as single molecule detection. We have recently suggested the use of focused electron beam induced etching (FEBIE) for the preparation of such nanopores in silicon nitride membranes. The use of a scanning probe microscope as the electron beam source makes this technique comparably accessible, opening the way to widespread fabrication of nanopores. Since the shape of the nanopores is critically important for their performance, in this work we focus on its analysis and study the dependence of the nanopore shape on the electron beam acceleration voltage. We show that the nanopore adopts a funnel-like shape, with a central pore penetrating the entire membrane, surrounded by an extended shallow-etched region at the top of the membrane. While the internal nanopore size was found to depend on the electron acceleration voltage, the nanopore edges extended beyond the primary electron beam spot size due to long-range effects, such as radiolysis and diffusion. Moreover, the size of the peripheral-etched region was found to be less dependent on the acceleration voltage. We also found that chemical etching is the rate-limiting step of the process and is only slightly dependent on the acceleration voltage. Furthermore, due to the chemical etch process the chemical composition of the nanopore rims was found to maintain the bulk membrane composition.
The aerodynamics of aircraft and other things (1973)

In pondering on a subject for this, the fifteenth, memorial lecture, I hoped to find something that might reflect the spirit of Frederick William Lanchester's work. But first of all, I tried to learn a little more of the man himself: his history and the design of events that agitated his enquiring mind. Most of what I discovered only emphasised my own unworthiness to contribute to his memory. For I am a member of Imperial College, and it was from that Institution that Lanchester left, disenchanted, in his third year without taking his degree. Worse still, I hold the Zaharoff Chair of Aviation; in one of my distinguished predecessors, Lanchester was later to discover a fierce opponent to his theory of the lifting wing and to his equally remarkable vortex theory of the propeller. It was only in another sphere, that of the Aeronautical Research Council, that I was able to establish a happy bond between us.
Histopathologic Evaluation of Arterial Wall Response to 5 Neurovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy Devices in a Swine Model (2013)

All devices caused vascular injuries extending into the medial layer. The aspiration device was associated with more intimal and medial layer edema, compared with the wall-contact devices except for the Catch thromboembolectomy system.
Exenatide (2006)

Maintaining glycemic control is the primary goal for preventing macrovascular and microvascular complications associated with type 2 diabetes. Currently available antidiabetic drugs work in different ways to lower blood glucose levels; unfortunately, each of them has its tolerability and safety concerns. Exenatide is the first drug in a new class known as the incretin mimetic agents. It improves glucose control by mimicking the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1, a natural mammalian incretin hormone secreted during food intake. Exenatide was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in conjunction with metformin and/or sulfonylurea. The recommended dosage is 5 mug to 10 mug twice daily subcutaneously before breakfast and dinner. In randomized, placebo-controlled, 30-week clinical studies, exenatide improved glycemic control and promoted weight loss of up to 2.8 kg. The most common adverse effects were nausea (44%), vomiting (13%), diarrhea (13%), and hypoglycemia (5-36%). Hypoglycemia occurred in a dose-dependent fashion. Patients should be closely monitored for hypoglycemia, especially when exenatide is added to sulfonylurea therapy. Overall, exenatide provides a treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes who fail to obtain glycemic control while on a maximum dose of metformin and/or sulfonylurea therapy. It is also an alternative therapy for those patients who cannot tolerate other antidiabetic drugs.
STABILITY of FROZEN STARCH PASTES: EFFECT of FREEZING, STORAGE and XANTHAN GUM ADDITION (1993)

ABSTRACT. Starch pastes act as protective systems of the solid elements in precooked frozen foods, minimizing their dehydration and chemical changes during storage. the effect of xanthan gum (0.3 % w/w) on corn starch and wheat flour pastes (10 % w/w), frozen at different freezing rates and stored between -5 and -20C, was analyzed. Freezing modified the quality attributes of the starch pastes increasing exudate production, structure deterioration and rheological changes compared to the unfrozen samples. Starch pastes showed a pseudoplastic behavior and apparent viscosities decreased in frozen samples. High freezing rates led to smaller ice crystals (indirect microscopic observation) and the absence of starch retrogradation. Starch retrogradation and ice recrystallization, both contributed to the deterioration of the frozen paste during storage (spongy structure, marked decrease of apparent viscosity and increase of syneresis). the addition of xanthan gum minimized spongy structure formation, exudate production and rheological changes; however, no protective effect was observed on ice crystal sizes and on amylopectin retrogradation by Differential Scanning Calorimetry.
미중 강대국 경쟁과 한반도 (2021)

바이든 행정부의 출범은 미중관계에 두 가지 영향을 미쳤다. 한편으로, 지난해 트럼프행정부 당시 부각되었던 양국관계의 ''급락''은 멈췄고, 최소한 당분간 세계의 두 강대국 사이의 관계는 안정을 유지할 것이다. 하지만 중국정부의 기대와는 달리, 바이든 대통령은 강대국 경쟁의 노선을 바꾸지 않고 중국에 대한 경쟁적 정책과 행동을 강화했다. 특히 바이든 대통령은 미국의 재건과 동맹과 파트너십의 활성화를 더욱 강조하고 있는데, 이로인해 중국은 강대국 경쟁이 가져올 장기적인 결과에 대해 더 많은 불안과 걱정을 안게 되었다.
장기적인 강대국 경쟁에 대한 논의의 과정 속에서, 미국에는 여전히 논쟁적이며, 중국인들의 끊임없는 질문 중 하나는 미국이 추구하는 최종단계(Endgame)이다. 만약 경쟁이 현상태이고 정책이고, 수단이라면, 이는 무엇을 목적으로 한 것인가? 중국인들은 냉전 스타일의 이념대결, 장기적인 패권경쟁 그리고 단기적인 승부경쟁이라는 세 개의 시나리오를 구상해왔다. 일반적으로 이 질문의 타당성은 인정되고 있지만, 미국은 아직 이 질문에 대한 명확한 대답과는 동떨어져 보인다. 많은 사람들은 현재의 강대국 경쟁을 게임의 시작으로만 보고있다. 최종단계는 아직 보이지 않는다.
강대국 경쟁의 심화는 한반도의 미래와 중국의 정책에 중요한 영향을 끼친다. 미국의 압박이 강화되자 중국은 가장 본능적이고 직접적으로 대응했는데 이는 미래에 전략적 레버리지로 활용하기 위해 북한을 미리 끌어들인 것이다. 이런 점에서 강대국 경쟁이 북한 문제에 미치는 가장 즉각적인 영향은 미국과 중국 사이의 미약한 협력의 가능성 조차도 직접적으로 훼손할 수 있다는 것이다. 그리고 트럼프 시기의 한미갈등으로 인해 중국은 대담하게 한국으로 하여금 미국과의 군사동맹에서 탈퇴하게 설득하는 것이 중국정책의 우선순위로 점차 부상시켰다.
강대국 경쟁 시대에 중견국들은 자신들의 이익을 보호하기 위해 다양한 전략적 옵션을 개발해 왔다. 전략적 자율성, 적극적인 기관 및 균형외교의 활용, 및 중견국연합 등이 대표적이라고 할 수 있다. 한국은 특수한 상황으로 인해 특히 미국과 중국 사이에서 어렵고 도전적인 상태에 직면해 있는데 미중 양국 모두 한국의 안보와 미래의 통일 의제에 엄청난 영향을 끼치고 있기 때문이다. 한국은 미국의 전략적 전망을 공유하지 않을 수도 있고, 중국의 역내 패권 야욕을 수용하는 경향으로 기울어지고 있다는 우려도 있다. 정답은 없지만, 중요한 것은 한국의 전략적 제휴에 대한 재평가는 한국의 전략적 의제에 대한 중국의 수용 한계에 대한 현실적이고 냉정한 판단에서 시작되어야 한다는 점이다. 중국이 어떤 나라인지 그리고 어떤 것을 제공하지 않고자 하는 것에 대한 면밀한 검토는 잠재적으로 한국이 보고 싶거나 믿고 싶은 것과는 매우 다른 모습을 드러낼 수 있다.
Uma Cidade de bronze estratégias de construção narrativa do livro das mil e uma noites (2009)

Aqui é proposta uma leitura das estratégias narrativas do conto emoldurado “A Cidade de Bronze”. Apoiado em Ferial Ghazoul (1996), o artigo discute a ideia da existência tanto de um texto fixo e livre, como de uma flexibilidade e pluralidade da narrativa, em que a história de Chariar e Cherazade, que se coloca como “conto-moldura” do livro, revela-se fundamental na medida em que, entre outras coisas, sugere possíveis estratégias para a construção narrativa do Livro das mil e uma noites
Synthesis and structure of new framework phosphates Li1/4 M 7/4(PO4)3(M = Nb, Ta) (2008)

New lithium-niobium and lithium-tantalum phosphates Li1/4 M 7/4(PO4)3(M = Nb, Ta) are synthesized by the solid-phase method. The compounds prepared are characterized using electron microprobe analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. The crystal structure of the Li1/4Ta7/4(PO4)3 phosphate is determined from the X-ray powder diffraction data (the Rietveld method) and belongs to the framework type. The framework of the structure consists of TaO6 and LiO6 vertex-shared octahedra and PO4 tetrahedra. The isostructural phosphates Li1/4 M 7/4(PO4)3 crystallize in the trigonal crystal system (space group R $$ \bar 3 $$ c, Z = 6) and belong to the NaZr2(PO4)3 structure type.
The Theory of Solubility (1912)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Theory of SolubilityD. TyrerD. TyrerMore by D. TyrerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1912, 16, 1, 69–85Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1912Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1912https://doi.org/10.1021/j150127a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (774 KB) Get e-Alerts
The Performance of a Rotating Module in Oily Emulsions Ultrafiltration (1985)

Abstract The rotating ultrafiltration module has been applied to concentrated oily emulsions with the aim of checking its practical features. The ultrafiltration yield has been measured as a function of pressure, tangential speed, temperature, oil concentration, and hydrodynamic conditions. An energy consumption evaluation has been performed and a comparison with tubular modules tried. The importance of turbulence promoters and the influence of the radial geometry of the module has been outlined by means of simulation tests with a transparent model system.
E-swish: Adjusting Activations to Different Network Depths (2018)

Activation functions have a notorious impact on neural networks on both training and testing the models against the desired problem. Currently, the most used activation function is the Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). This paper introduces a new and novel activation function, closely related with the new activation $Swish = x * sigmoid(x)$ (Ramachandran et al., 2017) which generalizes it. We call the new activation $E-swish = βx * sigmoid(x)$. We show that E-swish outperforms many other well-known activations including both ReLU and Swish. For example, using E-swish provided 1.5% and 4.6% accuracy improvements on Cifar10 and Cifar100 respectively for the WRN 10-2 when compared to ReLU and 0.35% and 0.6% respectively when compared to Swish. The code to reproduce all our experiments can be found at https://github.com/EricAlcaide/E-swish
The inhibitory effect of factor J on the alternative complement pathway (1994)

Factor J (FJ) is a cationic glycoprotein with inhibitory activity in C1, the first component of the classical complement pathway. This study demonstrates that FJ is able to regulate the activity of the alternative complement pathway. FJ inhibits the generation of fluid-phase and cell-bound alternative pathway C3 convertase, C3b,Bb (C3-cleaving enzyme). Thus, FJ interferes with the generation of alternative pathway C3 convertase when sheep erythrocytes bearing antibody and activated C3 and C4 (EAC4b,3b) are incubated with the individual complement components, factors B, D, and P. FJ accelerates the decay of C3 convertase with a time course similar to that of factor H, and when both regulators are present together, the decay of enzyme activity is faster than when they are added separately. Furthermore, FJ is able to inhibit the cleavage of C3 by factor B in a fluid-phase assay. FJ prevents the initiation of alternative pathway activation in "more stabilized systems" with well known activators of alternative pathway C3 convertase such as C3 nephritic factor (an autoantibody against alternative pathway C3 convertase), cobra venom factor, and rabbit erythrocytes. In these systems, FJ has no effect on C3 convertase stabilized by rabbit erythrocytes or cobra venom factor. In contrast, FJ promotes the dissociation of C3 convertase stabilized by C3 nephritic factor, but with much lower efficiency than in preventing initiation. Direct interaction of FJ with individual components of C3 convertase was shown by a solid-phase binding assay using plates coated with C3, C3b, B, Bb, or FJ. FJ inhibitory activity in the alternative pathway can be modulated by polyanions like heparin. FJ-mediated inhibition in the alternative complement pathway can be modified by surface interactions, as occurs during alternative pathway C3 convertase activation. Thus, when FJ is adsorbed by and eluted from hydroxylapatite and reverse-phase columns, its inhibitory effect on more stabilized systems is lost. This loss of inhibitory activity is fully reversed when FJ is rechromatographed on heparin-Sepharose or Sepharose columns. Taking into account these data, FJ may be included in the group of highly charged molecules that inhibit the activation of classical and alternative complement pathways (i.e. eosinophil major basic protein, protamine, and heparin).
Loss of type I procollagen gene expression in SV40-transformed human fibroblasts is accompanied by hypermethylation of these genes (1982)

Transformation of human lung fibroblasts (WI-38) by Simian Virus 40 (SV40) resulted in a decline of 25-30% in the amount of secreted collagen. The collagen produced by the transformed fibroblasts contained no type I collagen (i.e. alpha 1(I) and alpha 2 chains), which was the major collagen component produced by untransformed fibroblasts. Measurement of the procollagen mRNA levels by dot hybridization with nick-translated procollagen-cDNA clones showed that the absence of type I collagen was due to the absence of alpha 1(I) and alpha 2 procollagen mRNAs. This result was confirmed by hybridization of cDNA to total RNA with southern blots of the procollagen clones. To clarify the mechanism by which type I procollagen gene transcription is abolished in transformed cells, the methylation patterns of the alpha 1(I) and alpha 2 procollagen genes in normal and SV40-transformed fibroblasts were compared, using the chicken alpha 1(I) and alpha 2 procollagen-cDNA clones as probes. Methylated sites were detected by means of the restriction endonuclease isoschizomers HpaII and MspI. Methylation of the procollagen alpha 1(I) and alpha 2 genes was increased in the SV40-transformed fibroblasts, concurrently with the loss of type I collagen synthesis. DNA methylation may thus contribute to altered regulation of gene expression upon cell transformation.