gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stability of cefamandole nafate injection with parenteral solutions and additives (1982)

The stability of cefamandole nafate injection in various parenteral solutions and with secondary additives was investigated. Solutions of cefamandole nafate injection in the following. concentrations were prepared: (1) 285 mg/ml cefamandole activity in nine intramuscular solutions; (2) 2 or 20 mg/ml; or both, in 28 intravenous solutions; (3)2 and 5 mg/ml in peritoneal dialysis fluid (PDF) concentrates with 30 and 50% dextrose; (4) 2, 20, and 100 mg/ml with tobramycin sulfate, gentamicin sulfate, calcium gluceptate, and calcium gluconate; and 0) concentrations up to 285 mg/ml with various concentrations Tof lidocaine hydrochloride. The solutions were stored at 5 and A 25 °C and evaluated visually for incompatibility. Stability of cefamandole nafate was determined periodically by polarographic or turbidimetric assay. The extent of hydrolysis of the formyl ester of cefamandole in some solutions was also studied using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Greater than 90% cefamandoie potency was retained for at least three days at 25 °C and 10 days at 5 °C in all parenteral solutions except in 2 mg/ml in 5% dextrose, 5% dextrose and 0.15% potassium chloride, 5% dextrose and 0.45% sodium chloride, Plasma-Lyte, and 0.9% sodium chloride injections. Visual incompatibilities were observed in acetated Ringer's, 5% dextrose and 0.15% potassium chloride, lonosol B in 5% dextrose, Isolyte E with 5% dextrose, Isolyte M with 5% dextrose, Plasma-Lyte, Ringer's, and lactated Ringer's injections. Cefamandoie nafate was incompatible with all secondary additives except with certain concentrations of lidocaine hydrochloride. Cefamandoie nafate 2 mg/ml was compatible with the PDF concentrates for 24 hours at 25 °C. The dextrose content and the pHdf the parenteral solutions influenced the rate and extent of hydrolysis of the formyl ester of cefamandole. Cefamandole nafate was stable and compatible in 11 of the 37 parenteral solutions studied for at least three days at 25 °C and. 10 days at 5 °C. Considering the potential for microbial growth, however, storage limits of 24 and 96 hours at 25 and 5 °C, respectively, are recommended.
Regulation of transferrin receptor 2 protein levels by transferrin (2004)

Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) plays a critical role in iron homeostasis because patients carrying disabling mutations in the TFR2 gene suffer from hemochromatosis. In this study, iron-responsive regulation of TfR2 at the protein level was examined in vitro and in vivo. HepG2 cell TfR2 protein levels were up-regulated after exposure to holotransferrin (holoTf) in a time- and dose-responsive manner. ApoTf or high-iron treatment with non-Tf-bound iron failed to elicit similar effects, suggesting that TfR2 regulation reflects interactions of the iron-bound ligand. Hepatic TfR2 protein levels also reflected an adaptive response to changing iron status in vivo. Liver TfR2 protein levels were down- and up-regulated in rats fed an iron-deficient and a high-iron diet, respectively. TfR2 was also up-regulated in Hfe(-/-) mice, an animal model that displays liver iron loading. In contrast, TfR2 levels were reduced in hypotransferrinemic mice despite liver iron overload, supporting the idea that regulation of the receptor is dependent on Tf. This idea is confirmed by up-regulation of TfR2 in beta-thalassemic mice, which, like hypotransferrinemic mice, are anemic and incur iron loading, but have functional Tf. Based on these combined results, we hypothesize that TfR2 acts as a sensor of iron status such that receptor levels reflect Tf saturation.
Integrative role of cPLA<sub>2</sub> with COX‐2 and the effect of non‐steriodal anti‐inflammatory drugs in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2005)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key molecule in the inflammatory pathway in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cytosolic phospholipase A (cPLA2) is an important enzyme providing substrate for cyclooxygenases. We therefore examined cPLA2 expression in human ALS and mutant Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) transgenic mice and its relation to COX-2. Immunohistochemistry and real-time RT-PCR revealed elevated cPLA2 protein and its mRNA levels in the lumbar spinal cord of mutant SOD1 mice. COX-2 immunoreactivity was increased in lumbar spinal cord sections from both familial ALS (FALS) and sporadic ALS (SALS) as compared to controls, and cPLA2 immunoreactivity was increased in a patient with FALS. Oral administration of the non-selective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor, sulindac, extended the survival (by 10%) of G93A SOD1 mice as compared to littermate controls. Sulindac, as well as the selective COX-2 inhibitors, rofecoxib and celecoxib reduced cPLA2 immunoreactivity in the lumbar spinal cord of G93A transgenic mice. Sulindac treatment preserved motor neurons, and reduced microglial activation and astrocytosis, in the spinal cord of G93A SOD1 transgenic mice. These results suggest that cPLA2 plays an important role in supplying arachidonic acid to the COX-2 driven inflammatory pathway in ALS associated with SOD1 mutations.
Low-Pressure UV Inactivation and DNA Repair Potential of <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i> Oocysts (2001)

Because Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts are very resistant to conventional water treatment processes, including chemical disinfection, we determined the kinetics and extent of their inactivation by monochromatic, low-pressure (LP), mercury vapor lamp UV radiation and their subsequent potential for DNA repair of UV damage. A UV collimated-beam apparatus was used to expose suspensions of purified C. parvum oocysts in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.3, at 25 degrees C to various doses of monochromatic LP UV. C. parvum infectivity reductions were rapid, approximately first order, and at a dose of 3 mJ/cm(2) (=30 J/m(2)), the reduction reached the cell culture assay detection limit of approximately 3 log(10). At UV doses of 1.2 and 3 mJ/cm(2), the log(10) reductions of C. parvum oocyst infectivity were not significantly different for control oocysts and those exposed to dark or light repair conditions for UV-induced DNA damage. These results indicate that C. parvum oocysts are very sensitive to inactivation by low doses of monochromatic LP UV radiation and that there is no phenotypic evidence of either light or dark repair of UV-induced DNA damage.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Redox Isomerization of Trifluoromethylated Allylic Alcohols: Mechanistic Evidence for an Enantiospecific Pathway (2012)

Kein Seitenwechsel: Eine Syntheseroute zu chiralen β-CF3-substituierten, gesättigten Carbonylverbindungen nutzt Ru-Komplexe, um effizient die Redoxisomerisierung CF3-haltiger Allylalkohole durch intramolekularen, suprafacialen, enantiospezifischen 1,3-H-Transfer zu katalysieren (siehe Schema). Diese Methode wurde zur enantioselektiven Synthese von (S)-CF3-Citronellol genutzt.
Femtosecond Dynamics of the Bacteriochlorophyll-a Dimer in the B820 Subunit from the Core (LH-1) Antenna Complex of Rs. rubrum (1996)

The core (LH-1) antenna complexes of purple non-sulfur bacteria are membrane-bound light-harvesting complexes which enclose the reaction centers. 1 They can be described as circular aggregates of a basic subunit (typically 12 per LH-1 complex 1 ) consisting of two helical polypeptides (α and β) and two bacteriochlorophyll-a (BChl a ) chromophores. Under special conditions, the LH-1 complex can be reversibly dissociated into such subunits, which display spectral properties consistent with a those of strongly coupled BChl a dimer. 1 A crucial yet unresolved issue concerns the extent of interaction between neighbouring subunits in the intact complex, i.e. the degree to which dimeric properties are retained in the functional aggregate. It remains debated as to whether the electronic states are delocalized over several pigments, 2 or may be viewed as being localized on individual dimers or tetramers. 3 Knowledge of the exciton level structure and dynamics within the subunit, and the effects of aggregation on these properties is clearly required to establish an understanding of the mechanism of energy migration. We report here the preliminary results from studies of the femtosecond transient kinetics of the B820 subunit (which incorporates one dimer of BChl a ) from the LH-1 complex of Rhodospirillum rubrum G9.
Message from WISARD 2012 workshop chairs (2012)

We are delighted to welcome you to WISARD 2012 workshop that will be held on January 3 and 4, 2012 in conjunction with COMSNETS 2011.
Protein‐Sized Bright Fluorogenic Nanoparticles Based on Cross‐Linked Calixarene Micelles with Cyanine Corona (2016)

The key challenge in the field of fluorescent nanoparticles (NPs) for biological applications is to achieve superior brightness for sizes equivalent to single proteins (3-7 nm). We propose a concept of shell-cross-linked fluorescent micelles, in which PEGylated cyanine 3 and 5 bis-azides form a covalently attached corona on micelles of amphiphilic calixarene bearing four alkyne groups. The fluorescence quantum yield of the obtained monodisperse NPs, with a size of 7 nm, is a function of viscosity and reached up to 15 % in glycerol. In the on-state they are circa 2-fold brighter than quantum dots (QD-585), which makes them the smallest PEGylated organic NPs of this high brightness. FRET between cyanine 3 and 5 cross-linkers at the surface of NPs suggests their integrity in physiological media, organic solvents, and living cells, in which the NPs rapidly internalize, showing excellent imaging contrast. Calixarene micelles with a cyanine corona constitute a new platform for the development of protein-sized ultrabright fluorescent NPs.
VLSI potentiostat array for distributed electrochemical neural recording (2003)

A neurochemical sensor system is being developed to spatially sense and process neurotransmitters. This paper reports the design and VLSI implementation of a multichannel potentiostat that interfaces to a nitric-oxide (NO) sensor array. Picoampere to microampere input currents are range-normalized with programmable gain, and digitized by a bank of current-mode delta-sigma analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. First-order noise shaping and 4096-fold oversampling provide high signal-to-noise ratio for the low-frequency NO transients. A shift register scans the buffered decimated delta-sigma outputs in bit-serial format providing asynchronous sequential readout. An 8-channel potentiostat in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS measures 1.5 mm/spl times/1.5 mm, and consumes 0.5 mW power. The device is expected to serve as a valuable tool for neurophysiological research and implantable neural prostheses.
High average power (11 W) eye-safe diamond Raman laser (2012)

We report external cavity Raman lasers using a 9.5-mm-long low-loss CVD diamond pumped by a 35 W q-switched Nd:YVO<sub>4</sub> laser with approximately 22 ns pulses at 36 kHz pulse repetition frequency. Two systems were investigated. The first demonstrated first and second Stokes simultaneously with more than 14.5 W of combined optical power. For an output coupler optimized for second Stokes only output (1485 nm), 11.1 W at 38% conversion efficiency was obtained. This output power is comparable to the maximum output powers reported for competing pulsed eye-safe technologies such as optical parametric oscillators and Er:YAG lasers.
Resonance enhanced laser mass spectrometry for process- and environmental-analysis: Applications and perspectives (1998)

Laser induced Resonance-Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (REMPI TOFMS) is a highly selective as well as sensitive analytical technique, well suited for species selective, on-line monitoring of trace-substances. In this contribution some analytical applications of a mobile REMPI-TOFMS are presented. This includes REMPI-TOMS on-line analysis of coffee roasting gas and waste incineration flue gas as well as headspace measurements of pulp processing lye or rapid analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soil samples via thermal desorption.
Development of stator-magnetless linear synchronous motor for sensorless control (2016)

Sensorless control technique is desired in applications of a long stroke linear synchronous motor (LSM) without using a linear scale. This paper discusses the development of a stator-magnetless LSM (no magnet mounted on the stator of LSM) for sensorless control technique that includes a high speed position estimation algorithm based on magnetic hysteresis phenomenon. This paper presents the new structure of a flux-switching LSM to achieve a high saliency ratio by designing a cutout which causes magnetic saturation in the armature core. The effect of sub-teeth to reduce cogging thrust is also presented. Furthermore, this paper also reports the analytical and experimental characteristics of inductance, thrust, cogging thrust, and sensorless control drive using a prototype.
Effect of a nonplanar melt-solid interface on lateral compositional distribution during undirectional solidification of a binary alloy with a constant growth velocity (V): I. Theory (1999)

Infrared detector materials, such as Hg(1-x)Cd(x)Te, Hg(1-x)Zn(x)Te have energy gaps almost linearly proportional to its composition. Due to the wide separation of liquidus and solidus curves of their phase diagram, there are compositional segregations in both of axial and radial directions of these crystals grown in the Bridgman system unidirectionally with constant growth rate. It is important to understand the mechanisms which affect lateral segregation such that large uniform radial composition crystal is possible. Following Coriell, etc's treatment, we have developed a theory to study the effect of a curved melt-solid interface shape on the lateral composition distribution. The system is considered to be cylindrical system with azimuthal symmetric with a curved melt-solid interface shape which can be expressed as a linear combination of a series of Bessell's functions. The results show that melt-solid interface shape has a dominate effect on lateral composition distribution of these systems. For small values of b, the solute concentration at the melt-solid interface scales linearly with interface shape with a proportional constant of the product of b and (1 - k), where b = VR/D, with V as growth velocity, R as sample radius, D as diffusion constant and k as distribution constant. A detailed theory will be presented. A computer code has been developed and simulations have been performed and compared with experimental results. These will be published in another paper.
Depolarization of partially coherent light in liquid crystals (2006)

Abstract In the paper we present results of analysis of partially coherent light depolarization in two types of liquid crystals possessing linear birefringence controlled by temperature and external electric field changes. Some experimental results of degree of polarization measurements for different light sources as a superluminescent diode and a laser diode are also presented.
Defective neurite extension is caused by a mutation in amyloid β/A4 (Aβ) protein precursor found in Familial Alzheimer's Disease (1997)

Clonal central nervous system neuronal cells, B103, do not synthesize detectable endogenous APP or APLP. B103 cells transfected with both wild-type (B103/APP) and mutant APP construct (B103/APPΔNL) secreted comparable amounts of soluble forms of APP (sAPP). B103/APP cells produced sAPP and cleaved at amyloid β/A4 (Aβ) 16, the α-secretase site, and B103/APPΔNL cells produced sAPPβ cleaved at Aβ 1, the β-secretase site. B103/APPΔNL cells developed fewer neurites than B103/APP cells in a serum-free defined medium. Neurite numbers of parent B103 cells were increased by the 50% conditioned medium (CM) from B103/APP cells but reduced by the CM from B103/APPΔNL cells. Chemically synthesized Aβ at concentration levels higher than 1 nM reduced numbers of neurites from B103 or B103/APPΔNL cells. However, Aβ at 1–100 nM could not reduce the neurite number of B103/APP cells. The protective activity against Aβ's deleterious effect to reduce neurite numbers was attributed to sAPPα in the CM. Although sAPPα could block the effect of Aβ, sAPPβ could not do so under the identical condition, suggesting the importance of the C-terminal 15-amino acid sequence in sAPPα. Nevertheless, sAPPα's protective activity required the N-terminal sequence around RERMS, previously identified to be the active domain of sAPPβ. The overall effect of APP mutation which overproduced Aβ and sAPPβ and underproduced sAPPα was a marked decline in the neurotrophic effect of APP. We suggest that the disruption of balance between the detrimental effect of Aβ and the trophic effect of sAPP may be important in the pathogenesis of AD caused by this pathogenic APP mutation © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 32: 469–480, 1997
Formation of Highly Releasing PET Surfaces by Atmospheric Pressure Glow Plasma Fluorination and Surface Roughening (2007)

Abstract Combined surface treatments using plasma fluorination and surface roughening were applied to investigate whether they could increase the peel property of PET beyond the value needed for use as a release coating of pressure‐sensitive adhesive tapes. The peel strength of PET treated with CF 4 /He APG plasmas decreased to approximately 100 N · m −1 , but not quite to the ideal value of PTFE, 20 N · m −1 . We also prepared PET with a rough surface (matte PET) to examine the effect of surface roughening. The matte PET peel strengths were decreased by plasma fluorination; the roughest matte PET showed even lower peel strength than PTFE. We conclude that the combined treatments could be effective in the formation of a surface with high peel property on PET. magnified image
Gene regulatory networks for development (2005)

The genomic program for development operates primarily by the regulated expression of genes encoding transcription factors and components of cell signaling pathways. This program is executed by cis-regulatory DNAs (e.g., enhancers and silencers) that control gene expression. The regulatory inputs and functional outputs of developmental control genes constitute network-like architectures. In this PNAS Special Feature are assembled papers on developmental gene regulatory networks governing the formation of various tissues and organs in nematodes, flies, sea urchins, frogs, and mammals. Here, we survey salient points of these networks, by using as reference those governing specification of the endomesoderm in sea urchin embryos and dorsal-ventral patterning in the Drosophila embryo.
Extraction of Plasma Insulin in Radioimmunoassay for Removal of Nonspecific Inhibitor and of Circulating Insulin Antibody (1970)

In the two-antibody assay system for insulin, insulin-free human plasma and human globulin fraction reduced the percentage of precipitated insulin-131I Insulin antibody in plasma was partially absorbed by means of anti-human globulin rabbit serum, which was not available for the removal of endogenous insulin antibody. In order to remove the inhibiting factor as well as the circulating insulin antibody, a simple method for the extraction of plasma insulin was described. The method consists of extraction by acid-ethanol and precipitation in cold acetone. The recovery rate of insulin-131I added to serum by the present method was 92%, and that of human insulin added to a pooled human plasma was in the range of 80 to 94%. The extract contained a small amount of albumin but not globulin. The extraction method completely separated the insulin from the insulin-antibody complex. The mean values of the fasting extractable insulin in human plasma were 20.5, 19.3, 22.6 and 10.0μU per ml in normal subjects, mild, moderate and severe diabetic patients, respectively. In the latter group the insulin response to glucose load decreased. Extractable insulin in plasma of several diabetic patients with insulin antibody was, found to be 10 to 32μU per ml. The insulin level in plasma of insulin-dependent patient with antibody to insulin could be estimated by the present extraction method.
AN ANALYSIS OF THE WATER BINDING IN GELS (1979)

ABSTRACT The water‐binding properties of four gelling macromolecules (carrageenan, agar, potato starch and gelatin) were studied through measurement of the vapor pressure of water in the gels, suction pressure and Flory‐Huggins x‐value developed by the gel, and reduced mobility of water protons as measured by the spin lattice relaxation time from NMR. The difference in water binding between gels could be explained based on hydrogen bonding of water to specific sites and between water molecules; induced water‐water interactions due to hydrophobic regions on the macromolecule; and dipole interactions of water with the ionic sites on the macromolecule. The suction pressure method shows carrageenan and agar to be the best water binders at low concentrations which is illustrated by a decreased x‐value with increased concentration. Gelatin and starch show opposite behavior. The NMR results indicate a different order of water binding due to the difference in cooperative bonding. In this case agar was the best water binder at low a w and gelatin the poorest. This study shows the difficulty that could arise in using only one index of water binding.
Antioxidative and Hepatoprotective Diarylheptanoids from the Bark of<i>Alnus japonica</i> (2009)

The present study to evaluate the potential of constituents of the bark of Alnus japonica as a functional food with medicinal properties led to the identification of one new diarylheptanoid, named alusenone (1A), and 11 known ones (1B and 2-11). Their antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities were accessed by, respectively, a TOSC assay and a TBH-induced hepatotoxicity rat model. Mixtures 1, 2-6, 10, and 11 showed good antioxidative and hepatoprotective effects as compared with the positive controls.
Sawtooth Crash as a Result of Quasiperiodic Transition to Chaos in ASDEX Upgrade (2008)

In magnetically confined fusion plasmas, a variety of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities can occur, driven by gradients of kinetic pressure or current density. The sawtooth oscillation is one of the fundamental instabilities in tokamaks which is often observed but still has no definitive explanation for crash process. This phenomenon is characterized by a repetitive and rapid crash of the central electron temperature. The Kadomtsev model, in which the (m,n)=(1,1) island turns to a new magnetic axis after the reconnection process, has provided a starting point for understanding the sawtooth, but not for explanation of the phenomenon. Several experiments show that this model is in clear contradiction with experimental observations. For instance, it can explain neither the measured safety factors [1,2,3], nor the existence of (1,1) mode after the crash [4,5]. As a result, a number of different theories were proposed to explain the crash dynamics and the fast crash time. Recent 2D ECE measurements [6,7] of the crash allow one to prove some predictions of these models. It was demonstrated that a sawtooth crash is localized in the toroidal direction which immediately withdraws all symmetrical hypotheses like Kadomtsev model or quasi-interchange model. Other proposed models are based on the idea of stochastization of magnetic field lines during the sawtooth crash [8,9]. This variant of the crash requires no preferable poloidal position for the crash and can be also non-symmetric in the toroidal direction. The important parameters for such scenario are: (i) amplitude of the perturbations; (ii) safety factor profile; (iii) number of perturbations with different helicities; (iv) coupling of the perturbations. It was shown recently that amplitudes of the primary (1,1) mode together with its harmonics are sufficient to stochastize the region if the central