gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 059: Additive effect of the GSTM1(0) Null and APOL1 High Risk Alleles in the African American Study of Kidney Disease (AASK) Trial (2014)

Background: Apolipoprotein L-1 ( APOL1 ) G1 and G2 alleles are strongly associated with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in non-diabetic African American (AA) patients. Glutathione-S-transferase Mu 1 ( GSTM1 ) null allele, GSTM1(0) , is also associated with accelerated progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in hypertensive AA patients. We hypothesized that the GSTM1(0) and APOL1 high risk alleles interact to influence the clinical outcomes in the AASK Trial participants. Methods: A total of 682 patients were classified into the combination of homozygous null for GSTM1 (0/0) , heterozygous (1/0) , and homozygous active (1/1) and APOL1 high ( High ) and low ( Low ) risk genotypes. The survival differences among the six groups were assessed by log-rank test and in the Cox regression for time to the event of glomerular filtration rate (GFR, 50% or 25ml/min/1.73m 2 decline), dialysis, or death, or their composite events. Regression analyses were adjusted for age, gender, proteinuria, baseline GFR, MAP, CVD, drug class, and population admixture. Results: The 6 groups differed significantly in the time to composite events of GFR, or dialysis or death (log-rank p=0.0033) (Fig. 1). Compared to (1/1)_Low group, the hazard ratios (HR) for the composite events were 2.6 (95% CI 1.27 – 5.32, p=0.009) and 2.4 (95% CI 1.15 – 4.99, p= 0.019) for the (0/0)_ Low and the (1/0)_High groups, respectively. The HRs for the other groups did not reach statistical significance [ (1/1)_High (HR 1.2, p = 0.73), (1/0)_Low (HR 1.78, p = 0.079), and (0/0)_High (HR 1.91, p = 0.097)]. Conclusion: GSTM1(0) and APOL1 high risk alleles have independent and additive deleterious effects on CKD progression among hypertensive AAs.
A case of oxiphilic adenoma of the parotid gland. (2001)

背景:好酸性砂粒細胞性腫瘍はまれな唾液腺腫瘍で, その細胞所見に関する報告は少数にすぎない.右耳下腺に発生した好酸性腺腫の1例を経験したので, その特徴的な細胞像, 組織像および電顕像を報告する.症例:70歳, 女性. 右耳下腺部腫瘤を主訴に当院を受診し, 腫瘍切除術を受けた.捺印細胞標本では, ライトグリーンに好染する豊富な細砂粒状の細胞質を有す腫瘍細胞が孤在性あるいは種々の大きさの上皮性結合を示す細胞集塊としてみられた.核は類円形で明瞭な核小体をもつものもみられたが, 明らかな核異型や核分裂像は認められなかった.組織学的にも細胞診と同様の腫瘍細胞が一部腺管形成を伴う胞巣状の増生を示すが, 浸潤性増殖は認められなかった.電顕的には細胞質を充満するように多数のミトコンドリアが認められた. 以上の所見から好酸性腺腫と診断した.結論:細胞診的にも特徴的な細胞所見から好酸性砂粒細胞性腫瘍の推定は可能であるが, 腺腫と腺癌の鑑別は時に困難なこともあり, 詳細な組織学的検索が必要であると考える.
Novel packaging technology for power modules (2012)

Power module packaging is driven by the ever increasing demand for higher power densities, reliability improvements and further cost reduction. The known reliability limitations of traditional solder joints and bond wires are limiting a significant power density increase, enabled by higher junction temperatures and the future utilization of wide bandgap devices. Silver sintering today has started to replace the solder joint from chips to DBC substrates, leaving one major reliability bottleneck: The bond wire interface on the chip top side.
Identification of common or distinct genes related to antitumor activities of a medicinal herb and its major component by oligonucleotide microarray (2003)

Although the physiological actions of many herbs are gradually being elucidated at the molecular level, it remains unclear how individual components of herbs contribute to their biological activities. In the present study, the antiproliferative activity of Coptidis rhizoma, a medicinal herb, and the major component berberine was investigated in 8 human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Gene expression patterns associated with sensitivities to each agent were analyzed with oligonucleotide arrays that comprised approximately 11,000 genes. We used a tetrazolium dye (MTT) assay to determine ID(50) values after the 8 cell lines were exposed to the 2 agents for 72 hr. The ID(50) value for berberine was correlated positively with that for C. rhizoma (r=0.725, p=0.0401). C. rhizoma killed tumor cells more effectively than purified berberine when normalized to the level of berberine present in the herb. From the oligonucleotide array data, we selected 20 and 13 genes with strong correlations (r(2)>0.81) to ID(50) values for berberine and C. rhizoma, respectively. Among these 33 genes, the levels of expression of 12 were correlated with the ID(50) values of both agents, suggesting that these genes are associated with tumor-killing activity of berberine in C. rhizoma. Expression of the remaining 21 genes was correlated with the ID(50) value of either purified berberine or C. rhizoma. Thus, we identified common and distinct genes responsible for anti-proliferative activities of purified berberine and C. rhizoma. This strategy may improve our understanding of the actions of herbs with antitumor activities.
Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension in Rats (2001)

Research has shown that certain seeds—the products of pyrolizidine alkaloids—can induce pulmonary vascular disease in animals. Calves that fed on these seeds developed right-sided congestive heart failure. The accumulation of nuchal edema explains the description of this condition as “brisket disease.” Efforts have been made to reproduce this phenomenon in a variety of other species so that the evolution of the pulmonary vascular and hemodynamic changes could be studied in a laboratory setting. Of all the species tested, the laboratory rat appeared to be the most reliable, but even in the rat, age- and stain-related differences had to be considered. The male Sprague-Dawley rat, age 6–8 wk—obtained from Charles River supplier—is most commonly used. Our laboratory has unsuccessfully attempted to reproduce monocrotaline-induced pulmonary vascular disease in strains of obese and lean rats (JCR:LAcp) (1). In this study, female Sprague-Dawley animals appear to be as responsive as males.
Serum Concentrations of F<sub><b>2</b></sub>-Isoprostanes and 4-Hydroxynonenal in Hemodialysis Patients in Relation to Inflammation and Renal Anemia (2008)

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are apparently exposed to enhanced oxidative stress and to inflammation. It was the aim of this study to characterize the state of systemic oxidative stress of ESRD patients before and following HD using highly specific biomarkers, F(2)-isoprostanes and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Furthermore the question should be answered, if there are associations between inflammation and systemic oxidative stress and/or between systemic oxidative stress and renal anemia, which is more or less typical for HD patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Concentrations of F(2)-isoprostanes, HNE, C-reactive protein (CRP) as marker of inflammation, and hemoglobin were measured in serum samples of patients with ESRD before and after HD and of healthy control persons for comparison. Total (esterified plus free) F(2)-isoprostanes were quantified by highly sensitive gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique, HNE by thin layer chromatography and HPLC/UV detection, CRP by immunoturbidimetry and hemoglobin by clinico-chemical routine assay. RESULTS: 1. HD patients showed significantly higher serum concentrations of F(2)-isoprostanes and HNE than healthy human control subjects. 2. Total (esterified plus free) F(2)-isoprostane levels before HD were not significantly different from those after HD, whereas HNE levels were significantly decreased in patients after HD. 3. F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in HD patients correlated with the levels of CRP, whereas HNE concentrations inversely correlated with the content of hemoglobin. CONCLUSION: Both, F(2)-isoprostanes and HNE serum concentrations are useful oxidative stress parameters in ESRD patients undergoing HD. Whereas HNE strongly correlates with the severity of renal anemia, leading to left heart insufficiency, F(2)-isoprostanes (sum of free plus esterified) highly correlate with the degree of inflammation.
Nuclear Bi-Brayton System for Aircraft Propulsion Study (1978)

Abstract : Parametric and reference system definition studies were performed with respect to a new concept for a nuclear aircraft propulsion system. Also studied was a possible method for increasing the payload of a nuclear powered aircraft during wartime. The Bi-Brayton system concept for nuclear propulsion of aircraft has been examined and found to be feasible. The system has been shown to be one which minimizes the component developments required and one which can make effective use of reactor technologies that already exist. Cycle variants and component characteristics were parametrically evaluated and a reference system defined. Weight estimates indicate that with optimized reactor and shielding, the total powerplant and fuel weight for the Innovative Aircraft Design Study Task II reference aircraft could be reduced from that predicted for a NuERA liquid metal cooled reactor system coupled to an open Brayton cycle turbofan engine. The Bi-Brayton system combined with a compact gas-cooled (NERVA derivative) reactor was found to be a desirable system for nuclear aircraft propulsion and is recommended for consideration in any further studies of nuclear propelled aircraft.
Bats: The Missing SARS Reservoir (2005)

The worldwide outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was caused by a newly emerged coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that was probably transmitted
Resonant tunneling and multiple negative differential conductance features in long wavelength interband cascade infrared photodetectors (2017)

We report on an investigation of multiple negative differential conductance (NDC) features in long wavelength interband cascade infrared photodetectors (ICIPs) at and above 300 K. Using ICIPs with various structures and carrier concentrations, we employ several approaches to demonstrate that the observed multiple NDC features and their unusual temperature dependence are related to the sequential turn off of resonant tunneling of minority carriers through the electron barriers at high temperatures.
Infografía: etapas históricas y desarrollo de la gráfica informativa (2014)

We will analyze different graphical representations of information and data by performing a historical overview of the evolution of Infographics. Although it might seem like a very modern discipline, there are numerous precedents that respond to human need to understand the complexity that around us. From old maps to the most current interactive graphics can establish thematic stages we explain the development of data visualization and how to order, explain and show the complicated information as easily as possible.
Four-dimensional noncontrast-enhanced MR angiography at ultrahigh field (2013)

Background Arterial spin labeled (ASL) 4D MRA has been shown to be a valuable method for simultaneously assessing anatomic structure and dynamic filling of cerebral arteries. Beyond improved SNR and parallel imaging performance, performing these studies at ultrahigh field will benefit from longer T1s resulting in more persistent labeling allowing for improved visualization of distal vessels, especially in conditions of reduced flow. Methods Studies were performed on Siemens 7T whole body MRI scanner with a 16-channel transceiver TEM stripline array head coil driven by a series of 16, 1 kW amplifiers (CPC, Pittsburgh, PA). Non-contrast enhanced 4D ASL MRA was performed using an ECG-triggered, segmented, 3D acquisition using signal targeting with alternating radiofrequency (STAR) for spin labeling. Label and control volumes were acquired with magnetization preparation immediately after the ECG R-wave and before the segmented readout used to generate the time resolved frames (Fig. 1). Background saturation over the imaging volume was applied for both label and control volumes. Data was acquired with 26 frames over 1700 ms (two R-R intervals) with a temporal resolution of ~60 ms and an acquisition time of 12:23. To address the challenges of B1+ homogeneity and efficiency at 7T, B1+ shimming was performed based on a small flip angle, calibration scan. Two B1+ shimming strategies were compared; 1) a static approach which used aC P-like mode over the entire brain for all RF pulses in the sequence, and 2) a dynamic approach which used a separate B1+ shim optimized for efficiency for the
Processing of a complex multiply damaged DNA site by human cell extracts and purified repair proteins (2005)

Clustered DNA lesions, possibly induced by ionizing radiation, constitute a trial for repair processes. Indeed, recent studies suggest that repair of such lesions may be compromised, potentially leading to the formation of lethal double-strand breaks (DSBs). A complex multiply damaged site (MDS) composed of 8-oxoguanine and 8-oxoadenine on one strand, 5-hydroxyuracil, 5-formyluracil and a 1 nt gap on the other strand, within 17 bp was built and used to challenge several steps of base excision repair (BER) pathway with human whole-cell extracts and purified repair enzymes as well. We show a hierarchy in the processing of lesions within the MDS, in particular at the base excision step. In the present configuration, efficient excision of 5-hydroxyuracil and low cleavage at 8-oxoguanine prevent DSB formation and generate a short single-stranded region carrying the 8-oxoguanine. On the other hand, rejoining of the 1 nt gap occurs by the short-patch BER pathway, but is slightly retarded by the presence of the oxidized bases. Taken together, our results suggest a hierarchy in the processing of the lesions within the MDS, which prevents the formation of DSB, but would dramatically enhance mutagenesis. They also indicate that the mutagenic (or lethal) consequences of a complex MDS will largely depend on the first event in the processing of the MDS.
Stress distribution on [100] Si wafer mapped by novel I-V analysis of MOS tunneling diodes (2003)

The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor tunneling diodes distributed over a 3-in Si wafer were analyzed to investigate the stress distribution on the wafer. Generally, the substrate injection saturation current (J/sub sat/) decreases as the gate injection leakage current (J/sub g/) increases, the latter being dominated by oxide thickness via a trap related mechanism. A universal curve to fit all analyzed data was found and it is suggested that devices with extremely high (low) J/sub sat/ at a given J/sub g/ should be located in areas of the silicon lattice with relatively high external compressive (tensile) stress because of the stress-induced bandgap variation effect. The mapped locations of the highly stressed devices on a 3-in [100] Si wafer correspond to the patterns of slips caused by thermal stress during rapid thermal processing, as described in previous reports.
Inhibition of the<i>in Vitro</i>Secretion of Insulin by an Extract of Pancreatic<i>α</i><sub>1</sub>Cells (1969)

The secretion of insulin was significantly inhibited when microdissected pancreatic islets from obese-hyperglycemic mice were incubated with a water extract prepared from the α1 cells of the pigeon pancreas. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis of a local regulation of the endocrine activity in the β cells from adjacent α1 cells. The identity of the α1 cell inhibitor of insulin release remains to be determined. (Endocrinology84: 1484, 1969)
Optical sensing for gas detection in enclosed roadways. (1995)

Detection of vehicle emissions and other gases will be an important part of the future ITS infrastructure, especially for enclosed roadways. The recently passed Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act and the Clean Air Amendments provide great incentive for the collection of emissions data. Enclosed roadways can use such data to control ventilation systems and detect hazardous substances. This paper examines the feasibility of using optical gas sensors for real-time control of enclosed roadways as well as regional environmental monitoring of mobile source emissions.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Comprehensive analysis of the renin–angiotensin gene polymorphisms with relation to hypertension in the Japanese (2000)

Despite a relatively large number of subjects, we did not find significant evidence for disease association in the Japanese population. Given confounding factors in the case-control strategy, the lack of association does not exclude the relevance of the R-A genes to hypertension. Further investigation needs to be performed in large-scale populations, where the use of not only hypertension status, but also 'intermediate' phenotypes would be useful.
Tumor type specific activity of cyclosporins as resistance modifiers in vitro (1994)

Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Oncology, University Hospital, Uppsala University, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Applying current-limiting fuses to improve power quality and safety (1999)

This paper describes power quality and safety benefits that can be achieved by applying current-limiting fuses (CLFs) instead of expulsion fuses. CLFs can improve power quality by reducing voltage dip magnitude and duration during faults. Safety is improved because CLFs reduce the risk of fire and injury by eliminating the flame, violence, and noise associated with expulsion fuse operation. This paper compares expulsion and CLF fuse operations using Alternative Transient Program (ATP) simulations, laboratory tests, and field experiences. The proper application of CLFs to improve power quality on the Carolina Power and Light (CP&L) system and other relevant field experiences are described.
Potential profitability increase of Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) by raising marbling and carcass weight through planned mating based on DNA testing of QTL alleles (2009)

黒毛和種繁殖肥育一貫経営農家経営において，BMSナンバーや枝肉重量（CW）に関与するQTLアリル型情報はどの程度収益上昇に活用できるかを，初期QTLアリル頻度 （p），計画年数 （T），DNAタイピング料金（CTYP），使用する精液差額（SEM），種雄牛と繁殖雌牛の割合（R (s/d)）を変化させて検討した．その結果，BMSナンバーに関わるQアリルを1個持つことで得られるBMSランク上昇分（ΔBMSQTL）を1.0，BMSナンバー1ランク上昇分の枝肉単価（CWPBMS）を150円/kg, CWを440 kg, CWに関わるQアリルを1個持つことで得られる枝肉重量上昇分（ΔCWQTL）を20 kg, 黒毛和種去勢枝肉単価（CWPU）を1,900円/kgとした場合，QTLアリル型情報は，黒毛和種繁殖肥育一貫経営農家の経営に充分活用できると考えられた．また，以下のことが明らかになった．QTLアリル型情報を経営に活用する際，集団におけるpの頻度，SEMおよびT数が重要であり，CTYPとR (s/d) の重要性は低かった．CTYPが5千円/頭，SEMが1万円程度以下で，1頭当たり1万円程度の収益上昇を確保するためには，pの頻度は，BMSナンバーでは0.6～0.7以下，CWでは0.4～0.5以下であることが示唆された．繁殖雌牛集団のQTLアリル型情報は，pの頻度が0.5～0.7程度の範囲内，T数がBMSナンバーで6年以上，CWで8年以上であれば，収益上昇に貢献できることが明らかになった．
A screening for antimicrobial activities of Caribbean herbal remedies (2013)

This report confirms the traditional use of P. calomelanos for the treatment of kidney infections that are associated with stones, as well as the antimicrobial and bactericidal effects of T. ananassae against P. vulgaris and S. saprophyticus and the effects of S. jambos against S. aureus and S. saprophyticus.
Serum alkaline phosphatase types in North American indians and negroes. (1967)

Arfors, Beckman, and Lundin, 1963a, b; Shreffler, 1964; Beckman, 1964; Evans, 1965; Bamford, Harris, Luffman, Robson, and Cleghorn, 1965).
Asymmetric Synthesis of Bryostatin 2 (1998)

The potent bryostatin antitumor agents are currently in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of a variety of forms of cancer. Aldol reactions and directed reductions are among the essential steps for the formation of fragments A-C in the total synthesis of the title compound. Coupling of these fragments by sulfone-based olefination and alkylation reactions was followed by macrocyclization and introduction of the enoate moieties on rings B and C.
Histologic Predictors of Future Ulcerative Colitis Disease Severity (2008)

Purpose: Accurate prediction of future disease severity course may optimize management of ulcerative colitis (UC) including tailoring “top-down” versus “step-up” approaches to therapy. We sought to determine if specific histologic variable could predict future clinical UC disease severity. Methods: The initial histopathology parameters from 19 patients with UC that later (≥ 6 months) underwent colectomy for severe disease (colectomy/severe course group) were compared to those from 25 patients who did not require colectomy (no colectomy/mild course group) from 1998–2007. The pathology variables assessed were cryptitis, cryptopenia, crypt branching, crypt abscesses, ulcerations and mucin depletion. The predictive value of disease extent, endoscopic severity, and initial serum albumin were also assessed. Groups were compared using Chi-square, Mann-Whitney or t-test with a significance level of 0.05. Patients with dysplasia were excluded. Results: Patients were followed for a median of 3 years. Median age was 39 years in no colectomy group versus 34 years in colectomy group (NS). Severe cryptitis occurred in 16/19 (84%) in colectomy group versus 13/25 (52%) in no colectomy group (P= 0.026). Cryptopenia was present in 11 (58%) colectomy group versus 10 (40%) no colectomy group (P= 0.239). In colectomy group, crypt abscesses were present in 16 (84%), crypt branching 16 (84%), mucin depletion 18 (96%), ulceration 6 (24%) at the initial histopathology. The prevalence of crypt abscess, crypt branching, cryptopenia, mucin depletion, ulceration were all not significantly different in the colectomy (severe course) versus no colectomy (mild course) group. A Mayo Score ≥2 on initial endoscopy was not significantly more common in colectomy group 13 (69%) versus no colectomy group 18 (75%) (P= 0.228). The initial albumin was significantly lower in the colectomy group 2.9 g/dL (SD ± 0.88) versus noncolectomy group 3.5 g/dL (SD ± 0.57) (P= 0.040). Pancolitis at initial endoscopy was not more prevalent in the colectomy group (32%) versus noncolectomy (32%). Immunosuppressant usage was not statistically different between groups: colectomy group (24%) versus no colectomy (32%). Conclusion: Cryptopenia, mucin depletion, crypt branching and crypt abscesses are common findings in UC but do not predict future clinical disease severity. The initial serum albumin and cryptitis were the only variables predictive of future progression to colectomy. Histopathology with extensive cryptitis was more predictive of future severe disease that eventually required colectomy than was the initial endoscopic severity or disease extent. Future prospective studies are required to confirm the prognostic value of diffuse cryptitis to predict a future colectomy in UC.
Fractionation of the DD‐Carboxypeptidase‐Transpeptidase Activities Solubilized from Membranes of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K12, Strain 44 (1974)

A transpeptidase activity in Escherichia coli was measured independently of other enzymes involved in peptidoglycan synthesis by quantitating the formation of UDP‐ N ‐acetylmuramyl‐ l ‐alanyl‐ y ‐ d ‐glutamyl‐( l )‐ meso ‐diaminopimelyl‐( l )‐ d ‐alanyl‐[ 14 C]glycine when UDP‐ N ‐acetylmuramyl‐ l ‐alanyl‐ y ‐ d ‐glutamyl‐( l )‐ meso ‐diaminopimelyl‐( l ‐ d ‐alanyl‐ d ‐alanine was used as donor substrate and [ 14 C]glycine as acceptor in a transfer reaction. After extraction of membrane envelopes with Brij‐36T and subsequent ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE‐cellulose chromatography revealed two major fractions; one not adsorbed to the ion‐exchange resin and the other adsorbed. The fraction which was bound to DEAE‐cellulose was bound to and could be eluted from an ampicillin affinity chromatography system while the fraction not bound to DEAE‐cellulose was also not bound to the ampicillin column. Both unbound and bound ampicillin fractions exhibited dd ‐carboxypeptidase and transpeptidase activities although for equivalent dd ‐carboxypeptidase activity, the bound ampicillin fraction required about five times more glycine acceptor to achieve the same amount of transpeptidation as the unbound ampicillin fraction.