gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Outcomes of Bilateral Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation in Patients with Advanced Parkinson’s Disease (2006)

<i>Background:</i> In patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD), deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) has been shown to improve motor function and decrease medication requirements in the short term. However, the long-term benefits of DBS are not yet established. <i>Objective:</i> It was the aim of this study to evaluate long-term outcomes of patients with PD treated with bilateral DBS of the STN. <i>Design and Methods:</i> Thirty-three subjects who had bilateral STN DBS were followed prospectively after surgery. We evaluated subjects, using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), preoperatively, 12 months after surgery and at a long-term follow-up visit. Ratings were performed on and off dopaminergic medications. We compared postoperative UPDRS scores, dyskinesia ratings and medication dosages with preoperative values. <i>Results:</i> Twenty-seven subjects had evaluations beyond 18 months (median 33.7 months). Total UPDRS scores in the ‘medication-off’ state were improved by 37% (p < 0.001) at 12 months and 17.7% (p = 0.0051) at the long-term evaluation. Medication-off state UPDRS part III scores were significantly improved at both 1 year and at the last evaluation (37.6 and 29.3%; p < 0.001). Dopaminergic medication requirements were decreased by 35.3% (p < 0.001) during the first postoperative year and remained below preoperative levels at the long-term evaluation. Average duration of ‘off’ time remained decreased by about 40% at both 1 year and at the time of last evaluation. Subjects had a sustained reduction in dyskinesia severity (88.6% at 1 year and 68.8% at last evaluation). <i>Conclusions:</i> In this cohort of subjects with advanced PD, bilateral STN stimulation improved ‘off’ medication motor function, reduced time spent in the medication-off state and reduced medication requirements for up to 4 years after surgery. We conclude that STN DBS is an effective long-term therapy for selected patients with advanced PD.
Cell cycle regulation by feed‐forward loops coupling transcription and phosphorylation (2009)

The eukaryotic cell cycle requires precise temporal coordination of the activities of hundreds of 'executor' proteins (EPs) involved in cell growth and division. Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks) play central roles in regulating the production, activation, inactivation and destruction of these EPs. From genome-scale data sets of budding yeast, we identify 126 EPs that are regulated by Cdk1 both through direct phosphorylation of the EP and through phosphorylation of the transcription factors that control expression of the EP, so that each of these EPs is regulated by a feed-forward loop (FFL) from Cdk1. By mathematical modelling, we show that such FFLs can activate EPs at different phases of the cell cycle depending of the effective signs (+ or -) of the regulatory steps of the FFL. We provide several case studies of EPs that are controlled by FFLs exactly as our models predict. The signal-transduction properties of FFLs allow one (or a few) Cdk signal(s) to drive a host of cell cycle responses in correct temporal sequence.
Conditions of Multiple Cracking for Polypropylene Discontinuous Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites Manufactured by Extrusion Molding. (2002)

In this paper, we present a fracture mechanics based micromechanics model for predicting the mechanical properties of polypropylene discontinuous fiber reinforced cementitious composites manufactured by extrusion molding. The mechanical properties of the polypropylene fiber composite were measured by conducting tensile tests and four-point flexural tests. SEM observation has shown that approximately 80% of incorporated fibers in the composite was aligned with respect to the extrusion direction. It has been demonstrated that the critical fiber volume fraction for multiple crarking, Vf, crit predicted by our micromechanics model was close to the experimentally determined value.
Structure of Binary CaO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and SrO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Liquids by Combined Levitation-Neutron Diffraction (2003)

The total structure factors, S(Q) of 50:50 mole% CaO:Al 2 O 3 - and 67:33 mole% SrO:Al 2 O 3 -composition liquids have been determined by neutron diffraction. Measurements were made on laser beam-heated liquids at 2000–2100 K held in an aerodynamic levitator. Pure vanadium levitation nozzles were used. Reduction of the nozzle wall thickness decreased attenuation of scattered neutrons to give a two-fold increase in signal intensity. The liquids are comprised of predominantly 4-coordinated aluminum and 6- and higher-coordinated group II metal ions.
Antitumor therapeutic efficacy of photoactivated phthalocyanines ZnS 4 PC and AlS 2 PC in tumor-bearing mice (1993)

The photosensitizer of choice in photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd). However, Hpd has many characteristics which make it less than an ideal photosensitizer. The sulfonated phthalocyanines represent a new group of interesting compounds that have a strong absorption in the red part of the spectrum at 675 nm. In our laboratory we compare the efficacy of two phthalocyanines, the zincum tetrasulfonated (ZnS<SUB>4</SUB>Pc) and the aluminum disulfonated (AlS<SUB>2</SUB>Pc), on a murine tumor. Mice bearing MS-2 fibrosarcoma were treated with 5 or 25 mg/kg of ZnS<SUB>4</SUB>Pc or AlS<SUB>2</SUB>Pc and then the tumor mass was exposed to a laser light (100 mW for 10'). The results show that the treatment with AlS<SUB>2</SUB>Pc is significantly more therapeutically active in respect to the treatment with the same dose of ZnS<SUB>4</SUB>Pc. Moreover, resistance to rechallenge with the MS-2 tumor was evidenced by surviving animals. Studies are in progress with other murine tumors with different biological properties.
Experimental Study of Hydraulic Fracture Geometry Initiated From Horizontal Wells (1989)

Abstract Horizontal wells drilled in tight formations are likely to be stimulated by acidizing and/or propped fracturing to increase productivity. Normally, to control the placement of induced fractures in these wells, they are completed for later stimulation, i.e., cement cased and perforated. Unlike vertical well fracturing, fractures in horizontal wells can be induced along, or inclined to, or crossing the horizontal section. This orientation depends on deviation of the horizontal section from the minimum stress direction. An experimental study of fracture geometry from horizontal wells at various well azimuth deviations was conducted. Experiments were performed by applying triaxial loading conditions to rock blocks 6 × 12 × 18 in. surrounding cased and perforated boreholes. The borehole directions varied from 0 to 90 degrees from the applied minimum stress. Also, length of perforated interval was the second variable parameter in this study. After each experiment, rock blocks were sawed to observe the shape of induced fracture. The study showed that fracture geometry near the horizontal well is controlled by well deviation and length of perforated interval. From a stimulation viewpoint, the combined effects of these two parameters, if not investigated beforehand, may cause critical problems during fracturing. Laboratory observations indicated the following stimulation related problems: Creation of multiple fractures from the same perforated interval.Created fractures are nonplanar, with rough walls.Communication of fluid between the perforated section and fracture can occur through small channels.Interference between fractures conducted from separate perforated interval. Based on this study several recommendations are presented to help eliminate some of these stimulation related problems.
Abstract 1667: Pathway analysis of bladder cancer genome-wide association study identifies several novel pathways involved in bladder cancer development (2012)

Abstract Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple genetic variants associated with bladder cancer risk but only explain a small fraction of the inherited variability. A recurring problem in traditional GWAS analysis (i.e., single-SNP analysis) is the lack of consideration of biological pathways that contains network of genes with subtle, undetectable effect at the single SNP or single gene level. Application of innovative secondary analyses focusing on genes and pathways will complement and expand traditional GWAS analysis and identify novel genes and pathways that are associated with bladder cancer risk. We used the genome-wide scan data from MD Anderson's bladder cancer case control study to identify cellular signaling pathways involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was applied as a secondary analysis of our previous bladder cancer GWAS data. GSEA can detect subtle effects of multiple SNPs in the same gene set, and multiple genes in the same biological pathway, which are often missed in traditional GWAS analysis. Using three GSEA approaches (Gen-Gen, Aligator, and SNP Ratio Test), we consistently identified 18 pathways significantly associated with bladder cancer risk. The top pathways included two cell cycle pathways involved in the G1/S transition (PGenGen: 0.001, PAligator: 0.001, PSRT: 0.002), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) pathway (PGenGen:&lt;0.001, PAligator: 0.020, PSRT: 0.014), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced intracellular pathway (PGenGen: &lt;0.001, PAligator: 0.026, PSRT: 0.006) and unfolded protein response pathway (PGenGen: 0.007, PAligator: 0.001, PSRT: &lt;0.001). We identified that CCNE1 rs8110447 and rs8102137 were the most significant SNPs and gene in the two cell cycle pathways. As previously reported in GWAS, CCNE1 at 19q12 is a hotspot for bladder cancer susceptibility. However, other pathways with known susceptibility genes, such as those containing GSTM1, were not significant in the GSEA analysis, suggesting that this approach has identified novel biological pathways involved in bladder cancer tumorigenesis. Future studies are needed to validate in independent population. Overall, these findings contribute to a coherent understanding of the overall gene networks involved in bladder cancer susceptibility as well as offer additional etiologic insights highlighting the specific genes and pathways involved. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1667. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1667
380 RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN SLEEP HYGIENE (2005)

<h3>Purpose</h3> Many epidemiological studies have reported that sleep problems are frequent in children. A common sleep disturbance, sleep disordered breathing, is also known to vary by ethnicity, but little is known about other sleep problems that may be affected by racial background. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbances in community children and determine if racial differences exist. <h3>Methods</h3> A detailed questionnaire related to sleep habits and sleep quality was mailed to parents of children enrolled in the community public school system. Children, aged 5 to 6 years of age, and who self-identified as Caucasian (C) or African American (AA) were eligible to participate. <h3>Results</h3> 2000 questionnaires were eligible for analysis. Demographic data were as follows: 6 year olds, 1119 (56%); males, 1059 (53%); C, 1582 (79%). The average hours of nighttime sleep was 9.2 ± 1.4 hours. The parents of C children reported more sleep hours than their AA counterparts (C, 9.4 ± 1.3 hours vs. AA, 8.5 ± 1.6 hours). Only 180 (9%) of parents reported no concerns with sleep issues, but of the remaining parents, racial differences did exist. More C parents reported that their children willingly went to bed (C, 60% vs. AA, 48%, p < .001) and were easy to arouse in the morning (C, 59% vs. AA, 52%, p = .007) than parents of AA children. Parents of AA children felt their children talked more during sleep (C, 12% vs. AA 29%, p < .001), had a higher frequency of sleepwalking (C, 1.9% vs. AA, 3.8%, p = .03), more nightmares (C, 1.9% vs. AA, 7.0%, p < .001), snored more frequently (C, 25% vs. AA, 45%, p < .001), and exhibited daytime somnolence more often (C, 8.9% vs. AA 13.2%, p < .001). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Racial differences do exist in sleep habits and sleep quality. This study suggests AA children are more at risk for sleep disturbances than their C counterparts.
An extensible index for spatial databases (2002)

Emerging database applications require the use of new indexing structures beyond B-trees and R-trees. Examples are the k-D tree, the trie, the quadtree, and their variants. They are often proposed as supporting structures in data mining, GIS, and CAD/CAM applications. A common feature of all these indexes is that they recursively divide the spare into partitions. A novel extensible index structure, termed SP-GiST, is presented that supports this class of data structure, mainly the class of space partitioning unbalanced trees. Simple method implementations are provided that demonstrate how SP-GiST can behave as a k-D tree, a trie, a quadtree, or any of their variants. Issues related to clustering tree nodes into pages as well as concurrency control for SP-GiST are addressed. A dynamic minimum-height clustering technique is applied to minimize disk accesses and to make using such trees in database systems possible and efficient. A prototype implementation of SP-GiST is presented as well as performance studies of the various SP-GiST's tuning parameters.
COOK’S COLLAGE (2005)

Many people regularly multitask while cooking at home. Juggling household chores, reusing limited kitchen utensils, and coordinating overlapping cooking times for multiple recipes can cause frequent task switching and simultaneous task monitoring while cooking. As a result, the cook occasionally loses track of his cooking progress especially when determining which ingredients have already been added, counting multiple scoops of an ingredient, and keeping watch of cooking times. People compensate for these memory slips by devising memory strategies or deferring to memory aids with varying degrees of success. In this paper, we present a novel memory aid for cooks called Cook’s Collage. We describe how the system constructs a visual summary of ongoing cooking activity. Then, we report a task simulation study evaluating the effectiveness of Cook’s Collage as a memory aid. We argue that a memory aid is helpful only if it is balanced correctly with a complementary memory strategy and only if the accuracy of the memory aid is trusted. Lastly, we discuss how the six design features of the Cook’s Collage suggest a general framework for memory aids in the home, which we term déjà vu displays.
Shirtsleeves to Shirtsleeves in Three Generations (1994)

Because it justifies and supports our activities as researchers, investment advisers, traders, consultants and regulators, the level of investment in is an appropriate concern for investment professionals. As Modest Proposal explained, the working man should also care greatly about the investment level, because it determines his real wage.' There is an important link, however, between the level of wealth in and the distribution of wealth. Because poor people consume a larger fraction of their income than rich people do, an unequal distribution of wealth leads to more saving, hence more investment. Alas, the distribution of wealth is a bone of contention. A common notion is that them that has, gits, that it's hard to become rich unless you are rich to begin with. According to one influential critic of the American system, Personal savings . .. has little or nothing to do with the process [that generates a highly skewed distribution of wealth] . . . once a duke always a duke.2 The critic argues that if we could somehow spread wealth around more evenly, we could break the vicious circle of concentration begetting concentration. But he cautions: once-in-a-lifetime wealth tax . .. is too infrequent to place much of a constraint on an individual's wealth ... [ifl ... wants to prevent individuals from having massive net worths and the economic power that goes with large fortunes.3 In this view, the concentration of wealth is evidence of failure-failure of the free market system to achieve what society allegedly wants. To the extent the critic's ideas are widely shared, one would expect the poor to feel both limited responsibility for their condition and limited respect for the rich. Democratic governments' attempts to placate these feelings are costly. 1. Governments only redistribute wealth downward. 2. But poorer households save less than rich households. So redistribution reduces saving. 3. As we will show, redistribution by governments has no permanent effect. So governments redouble their efforts, again with no permanent effect, except to reduce aggregate saving, aggregate wealth and the real wage. The great Swiss-Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto discovered that, far from providing evidence of failures, actual wealth distributions for countries with widely differing emphases on redistribution had the same shape. This note offers an explanation for the observed similarity. It also argues that(1) There is no link between initial endowments and the ultimate distribution of wealth. (2) Contrary to the critic, personal savings behavior has everything to do with the ultimate distribution. (3) The distribution of wealth can never be used to document failures relating to earned income.
Watch what you want [pornographic image sensor] (2005)

This paper reports a new software that can find pornographic digital pictures no matter how they enter the office PC. Developed by the Irish firm, PixAlert, the software analyzes images for features that the company says are characteristics of pornography. It distinguishes foregrounds from backgrounds, discerns the edges of individual shapes, picks out faces and bodies and measures luminosity and texture. An image is given an overall score, and a high enough value indicates that the picture is likely to be pornographic. PixAlert also features a product that audits corporate networks by scanning every hard disk and analyzing every file.
Compact fourier transform spectrometer based on optical near-field sampling (2008)

International audience
Synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanostructures using palm olein as biotemplate (2013)

Phase-pure ZnO particles were successfully synthesized using palm olein as soft biotemplating agent by hydrothermal method. The physico-chemical properties of the resulting ZnO particles can be tuned using the ratio of palm olein to Zn cation.
Energy gases of abiogenic origin in the Earth's crust (1993)

Overwhelming evidence supports the belief that the world's natural-gas resources come from the decomposition of organic matter in sedimentary rock formations. Yet alternative arguments supporting an abiogenic origin have been advanced for more than 100 years. In recent years these arguments have centered on the concept that large quantities of primordial methane were trapped in the Earth during planetary accretion and that this gas is migrating into the Earth's crust and accumulating in reservoirs in sedimentary rock. The economic implications of these arguments could be profound and merit a thorough review of all evidence that might clarify this issue. The likelihood that methane might be migrating from the Earth's interior is explored. Abiogenic hydrogen and methane are generated in the Earth's crust through hydrolysis by ultramafic and mafic rocks at temperatures below 500[degrees]C. The quantities of gas that could form from bodies of such rocks can be of the same order of magnitude as those of typical gas fields. Commercial reservoirs of abiogenic energy gases have, however, never been found. It appears that most sites were hydrogen and methane can be generated abiogenically are also those where no structural traps are present, where water access is limited, or where themore » presence of other substances such as sulfate inhibit hydrolysis. We therefore conclude that resources of abiogenic energy gases in the Earth's crust are probably small and of little or no commercial interest. Exploration strategies for such resources should be critically evaluated in the light of currently available evidence to assess the potential risks involved. 301 refs., 10 figs., 3 tabs.« less
CCDC 1484479: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2010)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
RNA and DNA complexes with hemin [Fe(III) heme] are efficient peroxidases and peroxygenases: how do they do it and what does it mean? (2011)

Guanine-rich RNAs and DNAs from chromosomal telomeres and elsewhere that fold into guanine quadruplexes (G-quadruplexes), are found to complex tightly with porphyrins such as N-methylmesoporphyrin IX (NMM) and hemin [Fe(III) heme]. By themselves, these DNAs and RNAs are found to be efficient catalysts for porphyrin metallation. When complexed with hemin, under physiological conditions, these nucleic acids display robust peroxidase (one-electron oxidation), as well as peroxygenase (two-electron oxidation, or oxygen transfer) activity. These surprising catalytic properties, that frequently match the catalytic performance of natural peroxidase and P450 monooxygenase enzymes, have been the subject of significant mechanistic analysis, as well as having found utility in a wide range of biosensing and other applications. This review summarizes recent insights into a surprising yet fundamental property of many RNAs and DNAs, a property with undoubted ramifications for cellular oxidative disease, de novo hemoenzyme design, and our understanding of the evolution of early biocatalytic systems.
Bis[<i>N</i>-(<i>p</i>-toluenesulfonyl)]selenodiimide (2001)

[60123-29-7] C14H14N2O4S2Se (MW 417.36) InChI = 1S/C14H14N2O4S2Se/c1-11-3-7-13(8-4-11)21(17,18)15-23-16-22(19,20)14-9-5-12(2)6-10-14/h3-10H,1-2H3 InChIKey = LWTNHQISFWPVLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (allylic amination of alkenes and alkynes,1 1,2-diamination of 1,3-dienes2) Physical Data: mp 115–117 °C. Preparative Methods: Selenium metal is allowed to react with 2 equiv of anhydrous Chloramine‐T (TsNClNa) in CHCl2 under N2 for 24 h.1 Also prepared by adding an ether solution of N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide to an ether solution of selenyl chloride and stirring for 3 h.3 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: readily hydrolyzed by water; must be kept rigorously dry.
The role of TNF-α in a murine model of Kawasaki disease arteritis induced with a <i>Candida albicans</i> cell wall polysaccharide (2013)

Based on the histological findings, TNF-α is deeply involved in the development of vasculitis.
Toward a unified theory of the multitasking continuum (2009)

Multitasking in user behavior can be represented along a continuum in terms of the time spent on one task before switching to another. In this paper, we present a theory of behavior along the multitasking continuum, from concurrent tasks with rapid switching to sequential tasks with longer time between switching. Our theory unifies several theoretical effects - the ACT-R cognitive architecture, the threaded cognition theory of concurrent multitasking, and the memory-for-goals theory of interruption and resumption - to better understand and predict multitasking behavior. We outline the theory and discuss how it accounts for numerous phenomena in the recent empirical literature.