gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linking dynamic-range compression across the ears can improve speech intelligibility in spatially separated noise (2013)

Recently introduced hearing devices allow dynamic-range compression to be coordinated at the two ears through a wireless link. This study investigates how linking compression across the ears might improve speech intelligibility in the presence of a spatially separated steady noise. An analysis of the compressors' behavior shows how linked compression can preserve interaural level differences (ILDs) and, compared to compression operating independently at each ear, improve the long-term apparent speech-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the ear with the better SNR. Speech intelligibility for normal-hearing listeners was significantly better with linked than with unlinked compression. The performance with linked compression was similar to that without any compression. The benefit of linked over unlinked compression was the same for binaural listening and for monaural listening to the ear with the better SNR, indicating that the benefit was due to changes to the signal at this ear and not to the preservation of ILDs. Differences in performance across experimental conditions were qualitatively consistent with changes in apparent SNR at the better ear. Predictions made using a speech intelligibility model suggest that linked compression could potentially provide a user of bilateral hearing aids with an improvement in intelligibility of up to approximately ten percentage points.
Behavioral, endocrine, and neurochemical effects of sulfomucopolysaccharide treatment in the aged Fischer 344 male rat. (1991)

1. Daily treatment of male 19- to 22-month-old Fischer 344 male rats with Ateroid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.), beginning one month before and continuing throughout testing, resulted in a significant partial reversal of age-related deficits in: a) Conditioned one-way (spatial, unsignaled) avoidance acquisition and retention b) Conditioned two-way (nonspatial, signaled) avoidance acquisition. 2. Ateroid reversed the age-related reductions in nucleus accumbens DOPAC and HVA levels, but not the age-related decrease in neostriatal HVA content or concomitant increase in 5-HIAA levels. Reduced dopamine turnover in the nucleus accumbens may underlie, at least in part, age-related deficits in conditioned avoidance learning and retention. Thus, the behavioral effects of Ateroid observed in the present study may be due to its normalizing influence on dopamine neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens. 3. Stress-induced corticosterone secretion was greater in the old than in the young vehicle-treated rats. Ateroid treatment normalized this exacerbated corticosterone response to stress. 4. Daily Ateroid treatment did not affect any of the parameters measured in the young (5-8 months) F344 male rats. 5. Ateroid treatment did not affect the age-related reductions in exploratory behavior. The aged and young animals did not differ in their swimming ability. Thus, the effect of Ateroid on learning and memory processes does not appear to be due to an effect on locomotor or performance skills. 6. The age-related deficits in conditioned avoidance learning were not associated with abnormal basal (morning trough) plasma corticosterone levels, and Ateroid did not affect basal plasma corticosterone concentrations.
Depletion of trace elements and acute ocular toxicity induced by desferrioxamine in patients with thalassaemia. (1988)

High doses of intravenous desferrioxamine infused over a short period of time induce a large faecal and urinary iron excretion but also produce retinal abnormalities that are characterised by decreased amplitude on electroretinography and defective dark adaptation. This regimen also results in high faecal iron, zinc, and copper excretion, and reduced granulocyte zinc concentrations and alkaline phosphatase activity. The retinal abnormalities may be related to the zinc and copper deficiency and/or iron depletion 'per se' which interferes negatively with critical iron dependent enzymes.
Determination of Insecticide Susceptibility of Field Populations of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) in Northern Nigeria (2019)

In 2016, northern Nigeria experienced a devastating infestation by the tomato leaf miner, leading to soaring in prices of tomatoes across the country. Unfortunately, information on the resistance status of this pest is lacking in northern Nigeria, hampering appropriate control measures. Here, we identified to species level and, using bioassays, characterised insecticide susceptibility profile of a field population of a tomato leaf miner from northern Nigeria. Highest resistance was observed with λ-cyhalothrin (a Type II pyrethroid) with a low mortality (18.52% at 56 h) and LD50 of 7461.474 ppm. Resistance was also established toward propoxur and chlorpyrifos-methyl with average mortalities each of 56% and LD50s of 1023.51 ppm and 106.351 ppm, respectively. Highest susceptibility was observed from abamectin with mortality of 86% and LD50 of 0.034 ppm. Pre-exposure to the synergist piperonylbutoxide significantly recovered λ–cyhalothrin susceptibility ((mortality~90%, χ2 = 98.35, p < 0.0001) and LD50 = 0.92 ppm) implicating P450 monoxygenases. No significant changes were observed on pre-exposure to diethyl maleate and triphenylphosphate-inhibitors of glutathione S-transferases and carboxylesterases, respectively. Sequencing of domain II of the voltage-gated sodium channel established 1014F kdr mutation 100% fixed in both λ-cyhalothrin-alive and dead larvae. These findings highlight the challenges for control of this invasive agricultural pest in northern Nigeria.
Editorial (1996)

Eurosurveillance this month presents European liaisons for the surveillance and control of communicable diseases at different stages of development. HELICS - the scheme for standardising the data collected about hospital acquired infections - has come and
Fate map of early avian cardiac progenitor cells (2001)

Cardiogenic fate maps are used to address questions on commitment, differentiation, morphogenesis and organogenesis of the heart. Recently, the accuracy of classical cardiogenic fate maps has been questioned, raising concerns about the conclusions drawn in studies based on these maps. We present accurate fate maps of the heart-forming region (HFR) in avian embryos and show that the putative cardiogenic molecular markers Bmp2 and Nkx2.5 do not govern the boundaries of the HFR as suggested in the literature. Moreover, this paper presents the first fate map of the HFR at stage 4 and addresses a void in the literature concerning rostrocaudal patterning of heart cells between stages 4 and 8.
Catheter infection caused by an unusual pathogen, Agrobacterium radiobacter (1989)

The genus Agrobacterium is composed of several phytopathogenic species occurring worldwide in soils. One nontumorigenic species, Agrobacterium radiobacter, has occasionally been isolated from clinical specimens, but its pathogenic role in these cases has been difficult to ascertain since agrobacteria are usually isolated in association with other bacteria. We report the case of a central venous catheter infection and present the characteristics of A. radiobacter.
IS GOOD ENOUGH (2013)

Hadoop is currently the large-scale data analysis ‘‘hammer’’ of choice, but there exist classes of algorithms that aren’t ‘‘nails’’ in the sense that they are not particularly amenable to the MapReduce programming model. To address this, researchers have proposed MapReduce extensions or alternative programming models in which these algorithms can be elegantly expressed. This article espouses a very different position: that MapReduce is ‘‘good enough,’’ and that instead of trying to invent screwdrivers, we should simply get rid of everything that’s not a nail. To be more specific, much discussion in the literature surrounds the fact that iterative algorithms are a poor fit for MapReduce. The simple solution is to find alternative, noniterative algorithms that solve the same problem. This article captures my personal experiences as an academic researcher as well as a software engineer in a ‘‘real-world’’ production analytics environment. From this combined perspective, I reflect on the current state and future of ‘‘big data’’ research.
The effects of three-dimensional structure on two-dimensional images of crustal seismic sections and on the interpretation of shear zone morphology (2006)

Crustal scale seismic images provide information on the geometry of subsurface structure. In this paper we examine shear zones as they provide geometrical constraints on the evolution of the crust and as they provide pathways for the migration of mineral-rich fluids from the lower crust. However, they typically appear in seismic images of the deep crust as laterally continuous bands of discontinuous reflections with individual reflections often having high amplitudes. Geological mapping of exposed shear zones show them to have a complex 3-D structure yet crustal-scale seismic reflection surveys use single or at the most only a few profiles, and therefore only create 2-D images of these structures. The processing and imaging of the multifold common midpoint (CMP) data assumes that the seismic energy comes entirely from within the plane of the section. In this paper, we use full-waveform 3-D synthetic data to consider the effects that 3-D topography on a reflector has on reflection character on a 2-D profile. We base our synthetics on an observed shear zone and test models with both a single layer and anastomizing layers. We show that topography on the reflector out of the plane of the section may cause spurious events both above and below the expected target depth. We derive the basic understanding using a simple isotropic homogeneous model, however, we then demonstrate that this is a robust phenomenon and is endemic on all 2-D sections even if the overburden is not homogeneous. We demonstrate that we obtain similar results with a velocity gradient or, for a more extreme case, with a 2-km-deep basin filled with low-velocity sediment. For crustal scale seismic profiles, in particular, the effect is pervasive as neither stacking nor migration can discriminate against out-of-plane energy and the 2-D stack represents the 3-D seismic response of a broad swath centred on the profile. However, we conclude that using the modelled data it is possible to identify qualitatively where there is significant contamination from out-of-plane topography and show examples from a shear zone in the Archaean Yilgarn Block in Western Australia.
Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the emergence of drug resistant bacteria <i>in vitro</i> (1980)

Journal Article Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the emergence of drug resistant bacteria in vitro Get access G. Gialdroni Grassi, G. Gialdroni Grassi Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of PaviaItaly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Ferrara, A. Ferrara Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of PaviaItaly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Navone, A. Navone Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of PaviaItaly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. Sala P. Sala Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of PaviaItaly Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 6, Issue 2, March 1980, Pages 217–223, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/6.2.217 Published: 01 March 1980 Article history Accepted: 03 January 1979 Published: 01 March 1980
Faulty Eclosion in Crowded Suburban Periodical Cicadas: Populations Out of Control (1979)

A complete count of exuviae from a yard of °0.1 ha revealed 158,054 emerging periodical cicadas (Magicicada cassini) of which 31% died from faulty eclosion. Mutual interference and/or delay owing to a shortage of vertical perching places appears to be responsible, rather than poor nutrition. We argue that cicadas feeding underground are protected from predation and that they must have a long developmental period because they feed on dilute xylem fluids. The long synchronous life cycle allows Magicicada to escape predatory control by any but a synchronized enemy, and only one of these exists–a fungus disease, Massospora cicadina. In man—disturbed habitats, even this fungus is absent initially, so the cicada population increases until limited by the only remaining factor possible–space for feeding sites. Nearest—neighbor analysis indicates mutual repulsion, i.e., feeding cells were disturbed significantly more uniformly than random expectation. Emergence burrows from previous generations had filled with soil, but these "fossil burrows" were surrounded by soil crevices and not invaded by plant roots; hence, they decrease the amount of space available by for feeding sites. Apparently, periodical cicada nymphs in certain parts of some suburban lawns do indeed occupy all the feeding space available to them, yet the herbivory can be sustained by the trees.
Hydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of Ethers (1935)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis of EthersEdward M. van Duzee and Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1935, 57, 1, 147–151Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1935Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1935https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01304a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01304a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1847Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Estimation of bone mineral density data using MoG neural networks (2005)

We propose a low cost prevention strategy for osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a disease consisting in the structural deterioration of bones. This disease has a very high cost for the public health expense all over the world. Its main diagnostic tool is a radiographic analysis called computerized bone mineralometry, by which it is possible to measure the bone mineral density (BMD). Starting from the BMD value it is possible to estimate the risk of contracting osteoporosis. Although the cost of this clinical analysis is not high, a wide screening of the population can be not affordable. The proposed prevention strategy is based on the assumption that BMD can be estimated by a neural model, on the basis of some objective individual characteristics to be determined by the patient itself. We propose the use of MoG (mixture of Gaussian) neural model, trained by an automatic procedure based on maximum likelihood approach.
Sphingolipids in spinal cord injury. (2016)

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Despite progress over the last few decades, the molecular mechanisms of secondary SCI that continue to occur days and weeks after the original trauma remain poorly understood. As a result, current therapies for SCI are only marginally effective. Sphingolipids, a diverse class of bioactive lipids, have been shown to regulate SCI repair and key secondary injury processes such as apoptosis, ischemia and inflammation. This review will discuss the numerous roles of sphingolipids and highlight the potential of sphingolipid-targeted therapies for SCI.
Vaccines for Leishmaniasis: From proteome to vaccine candidates (2011)

Leishmania spp. cause a wide spectrum of tropical diseases which are threatening an estimated 350 million people around the globe. While in most cases non-fatal, the disease is associated with high morbidity, social stigmata and poverty. However, the most severe form visceral leishmaniasis can be fatal if left untreated. Chemotherapeutics are available but show high toxicity, costs and are prone to resistance development due to prolonged treatment periods. Healing is associated with a life-long resistance to re-infection and this argues for the feasibility of vaccination. However, despite much effort, no such vaccine has become available yet. Here, the status of vaccine development in this field is briefly summarized before the focus is set on the promise of reverse vaccinology for anti-Leishmania vaccine development in the post-genomic era. We report on our own experience with this approach using an instructive example of successful candidate vaccine antigen identification.
Nutritional composition, nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy, and amino acid digestibilities of new corn distillers dried grains with solubles produced by new fractionation processes (2009)

As ethanol production is increasing, new processes are being developed to maximize ethanol production from corn and to create new, more highly marketable corn distillers dried grains with or without solubles (DDGS or DDG, respectively). This current study evaluated coproducts produced from 2 new modified processes, the enzymatic milling (E-Mill) and the Elusieve process. The E-Mill process subjects the corn kernel to enzymes that hydrolyze starch and help in removing germ, pericarp, and endosperm fiber to create a modified higher protein, lower fiber DDG. The Elusieve process involves sieving the finished co-product, DDGS, and then elutriating (air classifying) to remove fiber from the DDGS samples. A precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay was conducted to determine TME(n) and amino acid digestibilities of E-Mill DDG and several Elusieve DDGS samples produced using different screen sizes and elutriation air velocities. When compared with a conventionally processed DDGS, E-Mill DDG had increased protein (56.4 vs. 29.9%), increased TME(n) (3.656 vs. 3.299 kcal/g of DM), and higher amino acid digestibilities. When DDGS was subjected to various Elusieve processes, the resulting DDGS samples generally had an increased protein content and TME(n). As expected, the higher fiber fractions obtained from the Elusieve process had reduced protein, amino acid concentrations, amino acid digestibilities, and TME(n) in comparison to the lower fiber fractions produced from the Elusieve process. The results of this study indicate that the Elusieve and E-Mill processes can be used to increase the nutritional value of DDGS for poultry.
Real-Time Lane Departure Detection Based on Extended Edge-Linking Algorithm (2010)

Lane detection can provide important information for safety driving. In this paper, a real time vision-based lane detection method is presented to find the position and type of lanes in each video frame. In the proposed lane detection method, lane hypothesis is generated and verified based on an effective combination of lane-mark edge-link features. First, lane-mark candidates are searched inside region of interest (ROI). During this searching process, an extended edge-linking algorithm with directional edge-gap closing is used to produce more complete edge-links, and features like lane-mark edge orientation and lane-mark width are used to select candidate lane-mark edge-link pairs. For the verification of lane-mark candidates, color is checked inside the region enclosed by candidate edge-link pairs in YUV color space. Additionally, the continuity of the lane is estimated employing a Bayesian probability model based on lane-mark color and edge-link length ratio. Finally, a simple lane departure model is built to detect lane departures based on lane locations in the image. Experiment results show that the proposed lane detection method can work robustly in real-time, and can achieve an average speed of 30~50ms per frame for 180×120 image size, with a correct detection rate over 92%.
Geofencing 2.0 (2014)

Recently, Location-based Services (LBS) became proactive by supporting smart notifications in case the user enters or leaves a specific geographical area, well-known as Geofencing. However, different geofences cannot be temporally related to each other. Therefore, we introduce a novel method to formalize sophisticated Geofencing scenarios as state and transition-based geofence models. Such a model considers temporal relations between geofences as well as duration constraints for the time being within a geofence or in transition between geofences. These are two highly important aspects in order to cover sophisticated scenarios in which a notification should be triggered only in case the user crosses multiple geofences in a defined temporal order or leaves a geofence after a certain amount of time. As a proof of concept, we introduce a prototype of a suitable user interface for designing complex geofence models in conjunction with the corresponding proactive LBS.
A design of ultra-broadband metamaterial absorber (2016)

In this paper, an ultra-broadband, wide-angle polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber is designed at microwave frequencies. The absorber consists of a periodic array of metallic strips with the lumped resistances fabricated on a dielectric substrate with a ground plane. The proposed absorber is single-layered and symmetric, thus leading to very thin and polarization-insensitive characteristics. According to the surface current distributions, the proposed absorber can operate three resonant modes including two dipole resonances and an LC resonance. By adjusting the geometry and lumped resistances of the structure, three resonant modes can be effectively connected together, and thus an ultra-broadband response can be realized. The simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed absorber produces a good absorption above 80% at normal incidence and above 60% at oblique incidence with the incident angle smaller than 45° between 6 and 16.2 GHz.
Double boundary layers in oscillatory viscous flow (1966)

This paper is concerned with unsteady laminar boundary layers on solid bodies in the presence of a fluctuating external flow of small amplitude. Any containing enclosures are assumed to be at infinity. Compressibility is ignored and conditions are given under which this and other approximations are valid. Special attention is focussed on the phenomenon of the formation of a steady-streaming flow, induced by the Reynolds stresses in the oscillatory boundary layer: it is shown that, if the characteristic Reynolds number of the steady streaming is large, there is an outer boundary layer within which the steady-streaming velocity decays to zero. The thickness of this outer layer is large compared with that of the inner (oscillatory) layer, but small compared with a typical dimension of the body. The partial differential equation for the flow in the outer layer is solved in a typical case by a generalization of a series-expansion method due to Fettis. Similarity solutions of the equation are also described. The theory is applied specifically to the case of flow generated by a circular cylinder oscillating along a diameter in an infinite fluid. Qualitative agreement is obtained with experiments performed by Schlichting.