gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature deposition of high-quality silicon dioxide films by sputtering-type electron cyclotron resonance plasma (1997)

High-quality silicon dioxide films have been deposited at 130 °C by a sputtering technique using an electron cyclotron resonance microwave plasma. Film properties have been studied as a function of O2 flow rate in the range of 2–8 sccm with a constant Ar flow rate of 8 sccm when other plasma conditions were a microwave power of 700 W, and a radio frequency power of 700 W supplied to a target for sputtering. Dielectric breakdown characteristics have been investigated by ramp current–voltage measurements. Films deposited with an O2 flow rate of 5.3 sccm have a dielectric breakdown field of 10 MV/cm, which is close to that of thermally grown silicon dioxide film. The deposition rate was as high as 23 nm/min. Structural properties of films have also been characterized by ellipsometry and infrared absorption spectroscopy, showing that films with O2 flow rates above 4 sccm have near-stoichiometric composition.
Effects of ultraviolet A and antioxidant defense in cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes (1995)

Lipid peroxidation, measured by the thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay, was evaluated for cultured human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes exposed to ultraviolet A radiation (320-400 nm, UVA). Peroxidation increases with increasing UVA doses and is much lower for keratinocytes than for fibroblasts. Immediate UVA-induced cytotoxicity, monitored by the trypan blue exclusion assay, is also lower for keratinocytes. Thus, cultured human skin keratinocytes are less sensitive than fibroblasts to the immediate deleterious effects of UVA with respect to membrane damage and lipid peroxidation. As a first attempt to understand this lower sensitivity of keratinocytes, basal levels of antioxidant defenses including total glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase were evaluated in both keratinocytes and fibroblasts from the same donors. We failed to correlate this lower susceptibility of keratinocyte to UVA-induced lipid peroxidation and cytotoxicity with a higher antioxidant status.
Race and health insurance are predictors of hospitalized Crohnʼs disease patients undergoing bowel resection (2007)

Bowel resection among hospitalized CD patients varies by race, health insurance, and sex. Further mechanistic studies are needed to elucidate the social and biological underpinnings of these variations.
Assessing time to pulmonary function benefit following antibiotic treatment of acute cystic fibrosis exacerbations (2010)

Our results suggest that antibiotic response to exacerbation as assessed by pulmonary function is essentially complete within 2 weeks of treatment initiation and relatively independent of the magnitude of pulmonary function response observed.
Efficient synthesis of azetidine through <i>N</i>‐trityl‐ or <i>N</i>‐dimethoxytritylazetidines starting from 3‐amino‐l‐propanol or 3‐halopropylamine hydrohalides (1993)

Abstract Efficient synthetic routes for the preparation of azetidine starting from commercially available 3‐amino‐l‐propanol or 3‐halopropylamine hydrohalides are reported. First, the appropriate N ‐trityl‐ or N ‐dimethoxy‐trityl protected tosyloxy‐ or halopropylamines were prepared. These precursors were then cyclized into the N ‐trityl‐ or N ‐dimethoxytritylazetidines. The N ‐protecting groups were removed in the presence of perchloric acid giving the hydrogen perchlorate salt of azetidine. The latter compound was transformed into its free base using a strong base under anhydrous conditions. The relatively expensive 4,4′‐dimethoxytrityl chloride and less expensive trityl chloride used in these synthetic procedures were recycled in good yields. Azetidine hydrogenperchlorate can be used to prepare N ‐substituted azetidines without the need to isolate the free azetidine.
Adjunct Immune Therapy of First-Diagnosed TB, Relapsed TB, Treatment-Failed TB, Multidrug-Resistant TB and TB/HIV (2012)

V5 is safe and effective as an immune adjunct to chemotherapy for TB and can potentially reduce the treatment duration down to 1 month.
Talkabout (2015)

Massive online classes are global and diverse. How can we harness this diversity to improve engagement and learning? Currently, though enrollments are high, students' interactions with each other are minimal: most are alone together. This isolation is particularly disappointing given that a global community is a major draw of online classes. This paper illustrates the potential of leveraging geographic diversity in massive online classes. We connect students from around the world through small-group video discussions. Our peer discussion system, Talkabout, has connected over 5,000 students in fourteen online classes. Three studies with 2,670 students from two classes found that globally diverse discussions boost student performance and engagement: the more geographically diverse the discussion group, the better the students performed on later quizzes. Through this work, we challenge the view that online classes are useful only when in-person classes are unavailable. Instead, we demonstrate how diverse online classrooms can create benefits that are largely unavailable in a traditional classroom.
Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs with Active Metabolites (N-, O-, and S-desalkylation and Some Specific Oxidative Alterations) (2012)

Metabolic fate plays an important role in the elimination of drugs and other foreign compounds from the body. Metabolism through various enzyme systems, makes the parent compound more hydrophilic, thus, it can be readily excreted from the body. Some active metabolites of drugs are produced following N-, O-, and S-desalkylation. These metabolites are either more or less potent, or as potent as their parent drugs. The removal of alkyl groups from tertiary aliphatic and acyclic amines is carried out by hepatic cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase enzymes. Several drugs undergo this process, which yields free hydroxyl-, or amino-groups, in addition to aldehyde from the splitted alkyl group. Metabolism of drugs into clinically active compounds indicates an extra target of therapeutic drug monitoring. Numerical data of logP values show how lipophilicity changes through metabolism to facilitate excretion. The example of phenacetin - paracetamol opened up a way for improving pharmacological effect by the use of a metabolite. This review gives a detailed description of these drugs, their active and major metabolites found in humans or animals, metabolizing cytochrome P450s, and the most recent analytical methods for their determination.
Northern Blotting (2003)

Northern blotting is a way of detecting specific RNA sequences, homologous to a hybridization probe, within a complex RNA sample. In this procedure RNA is first separated by electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (see Chapter 1 ), followed by blotting onto a suitable filter. Specific sequences are then detected by hybridization. The RNA species are both immobilized on the filter and denatured so that when the filter is immersed in a solution containing a labeled nucleic acid probe, the probe binds to RNA of complementary base se?quence (hybridizes), specifically labeling the position on the filter that this RNA sequence has been blotted to from the gel. This defines the size of the RNA molecule complementary to the probe and can be used to compare relative amounts of the RNA species in different samples.
Luminescent Properties of ZnS:Eu<sup>2+</sup> Nanocrystals (2006)

Europium-activated ZnS nanocrystals were synthesized by a low temperature tartaric acid assisted sol-gel method. The emission peak of Eu2+ due to the 4f65d1 →4f 7 transitions at 480nm was observed in the emission spectra on excitation at 260nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) investigations were carried out to understand surface morphological features and the particle size of the nanocrystals. The uniformity of phase of Eu2+ doped ZnS nanocrystals was checked by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. In addition, the dependence of the luminescence intensity on Eu2+ concentrations of the nanocrystals has also been discussed. The particle size of the nanocrystals was found to be 28nm.
Computerized Control System for Static Pile Composting of Dairy Manure (2002)

The Solid Aerobic Biodrying (SAB) system was developed and installed on an 85-cowdairy in the New York City drinking supply watershed. The SAB uses the static pile compostingmethod to treat the dairy manure for land application or off farm sale. An automatic computerizedcontrol system was developed to maintain appropriate temperatures of the compost piles whileoptimizing for moisture loss and retention time in the building. This paper will detail the design andconstruction of the graphical programming interface, hardware used, and the costs and benefits ofthe control system.
ChemInform Abstract: Diethyl (N‐Trimethylsilyloxy‐N‐tert‐butyl)amidoimidophosphates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Single-site mixed valence of thulium: A comparative photoemission study of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Se</mml:mi></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi></mml:math> (1982)

The dilution of Tm by Y in mixed-valent TmSe and trivalent TmS has been studied by means of photoelectron spectroscopy with the use of synchrotron radiation. TmSe is found to stay mixed-valent down to at least 5 at.% Tm, while Tm appears to be trivalent in all the ${\mathrm{Tm}}_{x}{\mathrm{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{S}$ compounds studied. The results point towards a single-site description of mixed valence. We find that both the selenides and the sulfides have a divalent surface layer due to a surface shift of the $4f$ level. In TmSe this shift is resolved and found to be \ensuremath{\sim}0.3 eV.
Test of the Applicability of the Nernst-Einstein Equation to Self-Diffusion and Conduction of Ions in Molten Sodium Chloride (1956)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Z. Borucka, J. O'M. Bockris, J. A. Kitchener; Test of the Applicability of the Nernst‐Einstein Equation to Self‐Diffusion and Conduction of Ions in Molten Sodium Chloride. J. Chem. Phys. 1 June 1956; 24 (6): 1282. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1742795 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioThe Journal of Chemical Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Case 1-1991 (1991)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 1-1991 — A 45-Year-Old Man with HIV Infection, an Epidural Mass, and a History of Treated Pulmonary Tuberculosis and a Seminoma
Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Environment: What Are the Big Questions? (2012)

A large body of information is now available on PPCPs in the environment. This exercise prioritized the most critical questions to aid in development of future research programs on the topic.
Closeout technical report for DOE award number DE-FG02-97ER62332 [Nitrogen budget under elevated CO{sub 2} levels: regulation by absorption and assimilation] (2001)

This entire project was conducted between 1995 and 1999, during which two postdocs and numerous undergraduate students received training in research. Furthermore, the funds from this grant contributed either totally or partially to the publication of 14 refereed journal articles. The focus of this research was to investigate plant nitrogen budget under elevated CO{sub 2} concentration. Of particular interest were the following: (1) Does elevated CO{sub 2} increase root carbohydrate availability? (2) Does such an enhancement increase kinetics of root nitrogen acquisition? (3) Does the effect on kinetics differ between NH{sub 4}{sup +} and NO{sub 3}{sup -}? (4) If there are interspecific differences in (1)-(3), could those variations lead to changes in community composition? This report shows that, although root carbohydrate availability often increases in response to elevated CO{sub 2}, such an increase is neither necessary nor directly related to changes in root N uptake kinetics . The data also show that, depending on species, the effects of elevated CO{sub 2} on root nitrogen uptake kinetics ranges from down regulation to no changes to up regulation. Furthermore, the effects on NH{sub 4}{sup +} are not always similar to the effects on NO{sub 3}{sup -}. Perhaps the most critical finding is the fact that in many instances a change in root N uptake kinetics alone does not provide a reliable prediction of plant N acquisition in response to elevated CO{sub 2}. It is shown that a better examination of whether plant N uptake responds to CO{sub 2} level and whether such a response can be scaled up to community level processes would require integration of knowledge of other root system characteristics. For example, it is well established that mycorrhizal fungi are important regulators of plant N uptake. The data suggest that, while elevated CO{sub 2} affects root N uptake capacity, this effect is highly dependent on the type and level of the mycorrhizal infection. Another root characteristic that significantly affects N uptake and could mask any potential impact of kinetics is root morphology. When all else is equal, increased biomass allocation to roots is the least effective mechanism in adjusting plant N uptake under elevated CO{sub 2}. Finally, plants may be able to reduce their demand for N via increased N use efficiency (NUE). The research conducted here indicates that elevated CO{sub 2} may evoke different responses in NUE depending upon species and that an increased NUE may be one of the most effective mechanisms in optimizing N uptake and growth responses to elevated CO{sub 2}. It is concluded that elevated CO{sub 2} can have a dramatic effect on root N uptake kinetics, but viewed in isolation this observation does not provide a robust assessment of plant N economy under an enriched CO{sub 2} atmosphere. Therefore, future work designed to predict whole-plant N responses to elevated CO{sub 2} must consider other root system adjustment s listed above, collectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Apoptosis Inducing Ability of New Anilino‐Substituted Pyrimidine Sulfonamides as Potential Anticancer Agents. (2012)

Abstract Compounds (VIII) are designed as a new class which exhibits considerable anticancer activity.
Performance Evaluation of High Temperature Fracturing Fluid (2014)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing has remained a fundamental technique for stimulation of oil and gas reservoirs for enhanced or economic recovery of hydrocarbons from tight formations. Transporting proppant downhole without any interruption and maximum recovery of fracturing fluids are two important criteria for successful hydraulic fracturing. To achieve such objectives, the fracturing fluid should demonstrate good viscosity and complete cleanup of gelling agents. As wells are exploited at greater depths in environments of higher temperature and pressure, fracturing fluid selection is key. Fracturing fluids prepared by crosslinking guar, guar derivatives, and other naturally occurring polymers with borate or metal crosslinkers often exhibit instability at very high temperatures. The key reason for instability of the fracturing fluid is because strength of the bonds between the polymer chain and crosslinker decreases sharply in addition to breakdown of the glycosidic bonds between monomer units of the polymer chain beyond 375°F. Additionally, metal crosslinked bonds are prone to shear degradation, creating doubt for a successful job in high temperature long reach wells. To address these issues, a synthetic gelling-agent-based fracturing fluid that can work at temperatures greater than 400°F was developed. The gelling agent is a terpolymer, which can be crosslinked with a zirconium-based crosslinker. This paper discusses evaluation and performance of an extreme temperature fracturing fluid. This fracturing fluid system has sufficient proppant carrying viscosity and provides efficient cleanup using delayed oxidized breaker. Analysis of fluid stability and delayed oxidizing breaker usage is presented in addition to performance parameters, such as regained permeability and fluid loss. The study illustrates performance of the synthetic gelling-agent-based fracturing fluid at temperatures ranging from 380 to 420°F.
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloys and Nickel Aluminides (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Alloys Nickel Aluminide Alloys References
An Imidazopiperidine Series of CCR5 Antagonists for the Treatment of HIV: The Discovery of <i>N</i>-{(1<i>S</i>)-1-(3-Fluorophenyl)-3-[(3-<i>endo</i>)-3-(5-isobutyryl-2-methyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-imidazo[4,5-<i>c</i>]pyridin-1-yl)-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-8-yl]propyl}acetamide (PF-232798) (2010)

Preventing entry of HIV into human host cells has emerged as an attractive approach to controlling viral replication. Maraviroc 1 is an approved antagonist of the human CCR5 receptor which prevents the entry of HIV. Herein, we report the design and discovery of a series of imidazopiperidine CCR5 antagonists which retain the attractive antiviral profile and window over hERG activity of maraviroc 1, combined with improved absorption profiles in rat and dog. Furthermore, this series of compounds has been shown to retain activity against a laboratory generated maraviroc-resistant HIV-1 strain, which indicates an alternative resistance profile to that of maraviroc 1. Compound 41f (PF-232798) was selected as a clinical candidate from the imidazopiperidine series and is currently in phase II clinical trials.
Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in sewage: Toward sentinels with analytical accuracy (2021)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemia has been one of the most difficult challenges humankind has recently faced. Wastewater-based epidemiology has emerged as a tool for surveillance and mitigation of potential viral outbreaks, circumventing biases introduced by clinical patient testing. Due to the situation urgency, protocols followed for isolating viral RNA from sewage were not adapted for such sample matrices. In parallel to their implementation for fast collection of data to sustain surveillance and mitigation decisions, molecular protocols need to be harmonized to deliver accurate, reproducible, and comparable analytical outputs. Here we studied analytical variabilities linked to viral RNA isolation methods from sewage. Three different influent wastewater volumes were used to assess the effects of filtered volumes (50, 100 or 500 mL) for capturing viral particles. Three different concentration strategies were tested: electronegative membranes, polyethersulfone membranes, and anion-exchange diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns. To compare the number of viral particles, different RNA isolation methods (column-based vs. magnetic beads) were compared. The effect of extra RNA purification steps and different RT-qPCR strategies (one step vs. two-step) were also evaluated. Results showed that the combination of 500 mL filtration volume through electronegative membranes and without multiple RNA purification steps (using column-based RNA purification) using two-step RT-qPCR avoided false negatives when basal viral load in sewage are present and yielded more consistent results during the surveillance done during the second-wave in Delft (The Hague area, The Netherlands). By paving the way for standardization of methods for the sampling, concentration and molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 viruses from sewage, these findings can help water and health surveillance authorities to use and trust results coming from wastewater based epidemiology studies in order to anticipate SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CONVERSION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ESTERS INTO ACYL ANION EQUIVALENTS VIA REDUCTION LITHIATION OF THEIR KETENE PHENYLTHIOACETAL DERIVATIVES (1980)

Abstract Die Metallierung der Keten‐bis‐phenylthio‐acetale (I) mit Lithiumnaphthalin und die anschließende Umsetzung mit n‐Heptanal oder Cyclohexanon ergeben die Verbindungen (III).
Hydrodynamics of High Pressure Bubble Columns (2013)

Abstract Die Hydrodynamik einer Blasensäule beeinflusst Größen wie Umsatz, Selektivität und Ausbeute einer Reaktion. Besondere Bedeutung erlangen die Rückvermischung der flüssigen Phase und der Gehalt an disperser Gasphase. Zur Ermittlung dieser Parameter steht eine Vielzahl an Korrelationen in der Literatur zur Verfügung. Diese Korrelationen wurden oftmals von Versuchsanlagen im Labormaßstab abgeleitet, die nicht unter industriell relevanten Bedingungen betrieben wurden. In diesem Beitrag wird der Stand der vorhandenen Untersuchungen an Blasensäulen hinsichtlich Gasgehalt und Dispersion unter erhöhtem Druck dargestellt und eine Empfehlung für weiterführende Untersuchungen gegeben.
Optical PUF for Non Forwardable Vehicle Authentication (2015)

Modern vehicles are configured to exchange warning messages through IEEE 1609 Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) over IEEE 802.11p Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). Essentially, these warning messages must associate an authentication factor such that the verifier authenticates the message origin via visual binding. Interestingly, the existing vehicle communication incorporates the message forward-ability as a requested feature for numerous applications. On the contrary, the vehicle security infrastructure is vulnerable to message forwarding i.e., Messages seem to originate from a malicious vehicle (due to non-detectable message relaying) instead of the actual message sender. We introduce the non forward-able authentication to avoid an adversary coalition attack scenario. These messages should be identifiable with respect to the immediate sender at every hop. We propose to utilize immediate optical response verification in association with the authenticated key exchange over radio channel. These optical responses are generated through hardware means, i.e., A certified Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) device embedded on the front and rear of the vehicle.
Influence of Lewis Base Complexation and the Degree of Aggregation of Alkyllithium Compounds on the Ration in Which They Form Addition Products and Enolates with Ketones (1995)

The difference between 1 and 2 lies only in the number of nitrogen atoms and not in the carbanionic unit. Since 1 , which is a tetramer, reacts with ketones to form adducts almost exclusively, but 2 virtually only enolates, the type of product formed is linked to the degree of aggregation, which in turn depends on the Lewis base. equation image