gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The homeobox gene <i>Msx1</i> is expressed in a subset of somites, and in muscle progenitor cells migrating into the forelimb (1999)

In myoblast cell cultures, the Msx1 protein is able to repress myogenesis and maintain cells in an undifferentiated and proliferative state. However, there has been no evidence that Msx1 is expressed in muscle or its precursors in vivo. Using mice with the nlacZ gene integrated into the Msx1 locus, we show that the reporter gene is expressed in the lateral dermomyotome of brachial and thoracic somites. Cells from this region will subsequently contribute to forelimb and intercostal muscles. Using Pax3 gene transcripts as a marker of limb muscle progenitor cells as they migrate from the somites, we have defined precisely the somitic origin and timing of cell migration from somites to limb buds in the mouse. Differences in the timing of migration between chick and mouse are discussed. Somites that label for Msx1(nlacZ )transgene expression in the forelimb region partially overlap with those that contribute Pax3-expressing cells to the forelimb. In order to see whether Msx1 is expressed in this migrating population, we have grafted somites from the forelimb level of Msx1(nlacZ )mouse embryos into a chick host embryo. We show that most cells migrating into the wing field express the Msx1(nlacZ )transgene, together with Pax3. In these experiments, Msx1 expression in the somite depends on the axial position of the graft. Wing mesenchyme is capable of inducing Msx1 transcription in somites that normally would not express the gene; chick hindlimb mesenchyme, while permissive for this expression, does not induce it. In the mouse limb bud, the Msx1(nlacZ )transgene is downregulated prior to the activation of the Myf5 gene, an early marker of myogenic differentiation. These observations are consistent with the proposal that Msx1 is involved in the repression of muscle differentiation in the lateral half of the somite and in limb muscle progenitor cells during their migration.
Polyion Complex Nanomaterials from Block Polyelectrolyte Micelles and Linear Polyelectrolytes of Opposite Charge. 2. Dynamic Properties (2008)

The present study investigates the relationship between the aggregation state and dynamic properties of block ionomer complexes (BICs) based on amphiphilic ionic block copolymers. The polyion coupling of 4'-(aminomethyl)fluorescein (AMF)-labeled poly(sodium methacrylate) (PMANa) or polystyrene- block-poly(sodium carboxylates) with poly(N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide), PEVP was studied at an excess of carboxylate groups [PEVP]/[COO(-)] TOTAL = 0.3 and detected by fluorescence quenching. The polyion interchange reactions included migration of PEVP between the following: (1) two linear polyanion chains, (2) linear polyanion chain and anionic polyion shell micelle, or (3) two anionic polyion shell micelles. Additionally, the interchange of AMF-labeled PMANa with unlabeled PMANa in the shell of polystyrene- block-PEVP micelles was studied. The interchange reactions were carried out at [PEVP]/[COO(-)] TOTAL = 0.15 and detected by fluorescence quenching (direct reaction) or ignition (reverse reaction). The rates of these reactions were compared using half-conversion times and, when possible, second-order reaction kinetic constants. The dependences of the rates on the ionic strength and polyion length observed for BICs were similar to those previously reported for regular interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) of linear polyions. However, the interchange reactions involving polyion shell micelles were much slower than those reactions observed in IPECs. The coupling reactions involving polyion shell micelles were also slower compared with the coupling of linear polyions. The observed phenomena were attributed to the aggregation state of polyion shell micelles and discussed using the collision model for polyion interchange reactions previously proposed for IPECs.
Design and fabrication of reflective spatial light modulator for high-dynamic-range wavefront control (2004)

This paper describes design and fabrication of a microelectromechanical metal spatial light modulator (SLM) integrated with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) electronics, for high-dynamic-range wavefront control. The metal SLM consists of a large array of piston-motion MEMS mirror segments (pixels) which can deflect up to 0.78 µm each. Both 32x32 and 150x150 arrays of the actuators (1024 and 22500 elements respectively) were fabricated onto the CMOS driver electronics and individual pixels were addressed. A new process has been developed to reduce the topography during the metal MEMS processing to fabricate mirror pixels with improved optical quality.
Preparation Characteristics of Monodispersed Water-in-Oil Microspheres by a Polymer Microchannel (2013)

In this study, a low cost polymer microchannel (MC) plate with high resistance to alkali wasused to produce monodispersed microsphere (MS). The effects of pressure and concentration ofsurfactant on the average diameter and coefficient of variation (CV) of MS produced by the polymerMC were investigated. The results indicated that when tetraglycerin condensed ricinoleic acid ester(CR-310) was used as surfactant, monodispersed (CV, about 5%) water-in-oil microspheres(W/O-MS) ranging from 40-60 m in average diameter were produced successfully using a polymerMC with the dimension: width 20 m, depth 10 m, length 120 m, and terrace length 30 m. Theoptimum pressure zone to produce MS was 0.4-1.0 kPa. It was also found that the concentration ofsurfactant had little effect on average diameter and CV of MS in polymer MC emulsification process. Asilicon MC plate with similar dimension to the polymer MC was tested for comparison, and littlesignificant difference was observed in the average diameter and CV of MS.
Decreased interleukin 1 production in aplastic anaemia (1989)

Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is an important regulator of immune system function. IL 1 also affects haematopoiesis in vitro: it causes release of colony stimulating factors from fibroblasts and endothelial cells and can directly act on primitive haematopoietic stem cells. We investigated IL 1 production in vitro by stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with aplastic anaemia (N = 17), patients with other haematologic diseases (N = 27), and normal individuals (N = 22) using a bioassay for IL 1 activity. Ten aplastic patients showed markedly decreased IL 1 production. IL 1 production by fibronectin-affinity purified monocytes was decreased in six of seven of these patients; in three other cases, in which IL 1 mononuclear cell production was undetectable, sufficient monocytes could not be isolated. IL 1 alpha and IL 1 beta precursor molecules were also absent or much decreased when mononuclear cell lysates from these patients were analysed by immunoblot using specific polyclonal sera. Aplastic patients with low IL 1 production were distinguished by the severity of their disease and the degree of neutropenia. Patients with myelodysplasia with comparable degrees of pancytopenia had normal IL 1 production. This is the first example of deficient haematopoietic growth factor production in a bone marrow failure syndrome. Decreased IL 1 production may contribute to the pathogenesis of some cases of aplastic anaemia and to susceptibility to infection.
Cyclosporine or FK506 Decrease Mature Epidermal Growth Factor Protein Expression and Renal Tubular Regeneration in Rat Kidneys with Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury (2002)

CsA or FK506 treatment delays recovery from acute tubular necrosis, and this may be associated with decreased EGF expression by CsA or FK506.
Transendothelial chemotaxis of human αβ and γδ T lymphocytes to chemokines (1998)

Two subpopulations of human T lymphocytes expressing different antigen receptors, alpha/beta and gamma/delta, emigrate into inflamed tissues in distinctive patterns. We compared the transmigration of alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cells to C-C and C-X-C chemokines using an in vitro transendothelial chemotaxis assay. The C-C chemokines monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha and MIP-1beta stimulated similar, dose-dependent chemotaxis of purified gamma/delta T cells, whereas MCP-1, RANTES, and MIP-1alpha produced greater chemotaxis of purified alpha/beta T cells than MIP-1beta. In contrast, the C-X-C chemokines interleukin (IL)-8 and interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10) did not promote chemotaxis of either alpha/beta or gamma/delta T cells. Three gamma/delta T cell clones with differing CD4 and CD8 phenotypes also migrated exclusively to C-C chemokines. Phenotypic analysis of mononuclear cells that transmigrated from an input population of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells confirmed the results with purified gamma/delta T cells. Our data demonstrate that human peripheral blood alpha/beta and gamma/delta T cells can transmigrate to MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-1beta, and suggest that both T lymphocyte subpopulations share the capacity to emigrate in response to C-C chemokines during inflammation.
ISS TransHab: An Inflatable Habitat (2000)

This paper will describe the ISS TransHab architectural design being proposed as a habitation module for the international Space Station. TransHab is a space inflatable habitation module that originally was designed to support a crew of six as a transit habitat (TransHab) to and from Mars. A team of architects and engineers at the Johnson Space Center has been designing and testing this concept to make it a reality.
Nonscalar elastic light scattering from continuous random media in the Born approximation (2009)

A three-parameter model based on the Whittle-Matérn correlation family is used to describe continuous random refractive-index fluctuations. The differential scattering cross section is derived from the index correlation function using nonscalar scattering formulas within the Born approximation. Parameters such as scattering coefficient, anisotropy factor, and spectral dependence are derived from the differential scattering cross section for this general class of functions.
SIG on one size fits all? (1999)

This SIG discusses cultural diversity in user-interface design, especially in the light of international products, new laws, and universal access to the Web. The panelists will debate whether/how to alter conventional user-interface paradigms and the tradeoffs among design tactics gained by professionals who carefully researched and/or engaged in designing cross-cultural user interfaces.
Über eine neue Carbazol‐Synthese (1958)

Abstract Es wird eine neue Methode des Carbazol‐Ringschlusses, ausgehend von den durch Einwirkung von 2‐Nitrophenyl‐diazoniumsalzen auf Chinone erhaltenen 2′‐Nitrophenyl‐chinonen, beschrieben. Der Ringschluß gelingt durch katalytische Hydrierung dieser Nitroverbindungen oder durch Einwirkung von katalytischen Mengen Eisen(III)‐chlorid oder Raney‐Nickel auf die durch Reduktion aus diesen Nitroverbindungen erhaltenen 2′‐Aminophenyl‐hydrochinone. Die Methode macht Verbindungen der Carbazol‐Reihe zugänglich, die mit den bisherigen Methoden nur schwer oder gar nicht zugänglich sind.
Stable phenotypic expression of glutathione S-transferase placental type and unstable phenotypic expression of γ-glutamyltransferase in rat liver preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions (1988)

Using immunohistochemical demonstration of glutathione S-transferase placental type (GST-P) and histochemical demonstration of gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT), the long-term development of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions was followed in rats over a 50-week period. Rats were given a single i.p. injection of 200 mg/kg body weight of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and then 2 weeks later were administered 0.02% 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) (group 1), 0.05% phenobarbital (PB) (group 2), 2.0% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) (group 3) or no supplement (group 4) in their diet for 6 weeks, all rats being subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3. Hepatocellular proliferated lesions were classified as foci, nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas. Development of foci, nodules and hepatocellular carcinomas was enhanced strongly by 2-AAF and weakly by PB, and inhibited by BHA. Almost all foci and nodules were GST-P positive, although 5-10% of the GST-P-positive foci were gamma-GT negative. The areas of GST-P-positive foci and nodules increased with time in all groups. In contrast, while the areas of gamma-GT-positive lesions also increased with time in groups 2-4, they decreased from week 12 in group 1. As the percentage gamma-GT-positive area in GST-P-positive foci significantly decreased with time in all groups, the rate of phenotypic reversion of gamma-GT in foci in group 1 was revealed to be larger than the focus growing rate, whereas that in groups 2-4 was smaller. Gamma-GT-negative and GST-P-positive micro-nodules of altered morphology appeared within gamma-GT- and GST-P-positive nodules in later stages. All hepatocellular carcinomas found in this experiment consisted of GST-P-positive cells. In contrast, 37% (13/35) of the hepatocellular carcinomas were negative for gamma-GT. The results indicate GST-P to be the most accurate marker enzyme for detection of initiated cells during liver carcinogenesis and gamma-GT to be more appropriate for indicating changes of phenotypic expression in each lesion type.
Developmental regulation of glutamine synthetase and carbonic anhydrase II in neural retina. (1986)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is expressed in the neural retina only in Muller glia cells and is inducible with cortisol. A chicken genomic clone that contains at least part of the coding region for the GS enzyme was used to investigate developmental changes in the level of GS mRNA in embryonic chicken retina. A major GS transcript (approximately equal to 3 kilobases) detected by the probe begins to accumulate sharply on day 15 of embryonic development. When cortisol is prematurely supplied to early embryonic retina, it induces precocious accumulation of GS mRNA and of the GS enzyme. At later ages, these effects of cortisol are significantly greater, which suggests that competence to transcribe or stabilize GS mRNA in response to stimulation with cortisol increases with development. Carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II) is expressed in early retina in all the cells, but it becomes later restricted to Muller glia. Using cloned CA-II cDNA, we detected a high level of CA-II mRNA in early retina, followed by a decline due to arrest of CA-II mRNA accumulation in differentiated neurons. As glia cells mature, CA-II mRNA and the enzyme increase to a new high level. Therefore, changes in CA-II gene expression during retina development reflect differentiation-dependent cell-type-specific control of CA-II mRNA accumulation.
Histopathology of Lyme arthritis in LSH hamsters. (1989)

The authors studied the histopathologic evolution of arthritis in nonirradiated and irradiated hamsters infected with Borrelia burgdorferi. Nonirradiated hamsters injected in the hind paws with B. burgdorferi developed an acute inflammatory reaction involving the synovium, periarticular soft tissues, and dermis. This acute inflammatory reaction was short-lived and was replaced by a mild chronic synovitis as the number of detectable spirochetes in the synovium, periarticular soft tissues, and perineurovascular areas diminished. Exposing hamsters to radiation before inoculation with B. burgdorferi exacerbated and prolonged the acute inflammatory phase. Spirochetes also persisted longer in the periarticular soft tissues. A major histopathologic finding was destructive and erosive bone changes of the hind paws, which resulted in deformation of the joints. These studies should be helpful in defining the immune mechanism participating in the onset, progression, and resolution of Lyme arthritis.
MyLifeBits (2006)

Developing a platform for recording, storing, and accessing a personal lifetime archive.
Static magnetic field effects on bone formation of rats with an ischemic bone model. (2001)

Effects of a static magnetic field were studied on bone formation using an ischemic rat femur model. Metal rods were prepared from magnetized and unmagnetized samariun cobalt to have tapered structure, both with the same geometrical dimension, and were implanted transcortically into the middle diaphysis of 88 rat femurs. Both sides of the rat femoral artery were ligated to create an ischemic bone model, followed by implantation of the tapered rod to the femur. The bone mineral density (BMD) and weight of the femurs were measured at 1st and 3rd week after implantation. The result at the 3rd week post-implantation revealed that the BMD and weight of the ischemic bone model rats were significantly reduced, compared with that of non-operated femur. It was also found that the magnetized group had significantly higher bone weights than the unmagnetized (p<0.05). The BMD of the rats implanted with the magnetized rods were similar to those of the non-operated (p>0.05). This enhancement of the femoral bone formation of the ischemic rat model by the static magnetic field seems to be due to the improved blood circulation of the femur.
Estimation of power dissipation in CMOS combinational circuits using Boolean function manipulation (1992)

It is shown that a simplified model of power dissipation relates maximizing dissipation to maximizing gate output activity, appropriately weighted to account for differing load capacitances. To find the input or input sequence that minimizes the weighted activity, algorithms are given for transforming the problem to a weighted max-satisfiability problem, and exact and approximate algorithms for solving weighted max-satisfiability are presented. Algorithms for constructing the max-satisfiability problem for both dynamic and static CMOS, where for the latter dissipation caused by glitching is considered, are presented. The authors present efficient exact and approximate methods for solving weighted max-satisfiability and show that these methods are viable for large-scale problems through examination of experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proteomics in Alzheimer's disease: insights into potential mechanisms of neurodegeneration (2003)

Proteomics involves the identification of unknown proteins following their separation, often using two-dimensional electrophoresis, digestion of particular proteins of interest by trypsin, determination of the molecular weight of the resulting peptides, and database searching to make the identification of the proteins. Application of proteomics to Alzheimer's disease (AD), the major dementing disorder of the elderly, has just begun. Differences in protein expression and post-translational modification (mostly oxidative modification) of proteins from AD brain and peripheral tissue, as well as in brain from rodent models of AD, have yielded insights into potential molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration in this dementing disorder. This review surveys the proteomics studies relevant to AD, from which new understandings of the pathology, biochemistry, and physiology of AD are beginning to emerge.
Electrospun, synthetic bone void filler promotes human MSC function and BMP-2 mediated spinal fusion (2020)

Reb possesses a high protein binding affinity and promotes hMSC function. Combination with BMA and minimal dose BMP-2 allowed for 100% bone fusion in vivo. This data suggests that a minimally effective dose of BMP-2 can be used when combined with Reb.
A structured training program for minimally invasive esophagectomy for esophageal cancer— a Delphi consensus study in Europe (2017)

Evidence suggests that structured training programs for laparoscopic procedures can ensure a safe standard of skill acquisition prior to independent practice. Although minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIO) is technically demanding, no consensus on requirements for training for the MIO procedure exists. The aim of this study is to determine essential steps required for a structured training program in MIO using the Delphi consensus methodology. Eighteen MIO experts from 13 European hospitals were asked to participate in this study. The consensus process consisted of two structured meetings with the expert panel, and two Delphi questionnaire rounds. A list of items required for training MIO were constructed for three key domains of MIO, including (1) requisite criteria for units wishing to be trained and (2) to proctor MIO, and (3) a framework of a MIO training program. Items were rated by the experts on a scale 1-5, where 1 signified 'not important' and 5 represented 'very important.' Consensus for each domain was defined as achieving Cronbach alpha ≥0.70. Items were considered as fundamental when ≥75% of experts rated it important (4) or very important (5). Both Delphi rounds were completed by 16 (89%) of the 18 invited experts, with a median experience of 18 years with minimally invasive surgery. Consensus was achieved for all three key domains. Following two rounds of a 107-item questionnaire, 50 items were rated as essential for training MIO. A consensus among European MIO experts on essential items required for training MIO is presented. The identified items can serve as directive principles and core standards for creating a comprehensive training program for MIO.
Gut Toxicity of 5-ASA? (1993)

The use of enteric coated 5-ASA is contraindicated in the presence of active peptic ulceration. The basis for this is unclear. The author wished to ensure that this drug was not toxic to the gastroduodenal mucosa before proceeding with a clinical trial of a suspension of 5-ASA in the treatment of proximal Crohn's disease. A review of the literature indicated that 5-ASA protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage in the rat stomach but not against ethanol-induced injury. Studies in dogs indicated that 5-ASA does not cause gastric or duodenal damage. Similarly 5-ASA did not delay gastric ulcer healing in the rat and did not inhibit gastric tissue culture synthesis of prostaglandin fa. The current findings suggest that there is no contraindication to the use of 5-ASA in proximal Crohn's disease.
Locating The Geocenter From GPS Measurements (1994)

Report presents analysis of Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements taken during 3-week geodetic experiment in early 1991. Involved constellation of 15 GPS satellites operational at that time, plus 21 GPS receiving stations at widely distributed sites, all but 4 of which in Northern Hemisphere. Analysis consisted principally of estimation of location of center of mass of Earth relative to GPS receiving stations. As part of analysis, GPS estimates of geocenter compared with estimates obtained by satellite laser ranging (SLR).
Purification and Characterization of Tora-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Lectin1 (1980)

A lectin purified from the Tora-bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) by affinity chromatography with Con-A Sepharose was shown to be a glycoprotein containing 7.8% neutral sugars (D-mannose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-fucose, and D-xylose, in a molar ratio of 9.6 : 2.0 : 0.6 : 0.7). Its molecular weight was 130,000, as estimated by exclusion gel chromatography, and SDS gel electrophoresis showed that it consists of four subunits of molecular weight 32,000. The lectin reacts with various glycoproteins, i.e., blood group substances, human parotid salivary glycoprotein, fetuin, and bovine submaxillary mucin. Divalent cations, such as Ca2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+, appear to stimulate its reactivity. Inhibition tests using the glycopeptide fragment from fetuin and some oligosaccharides, as well as the binding test with 14C-N-acetyl-lactosamine suggest that the sequence of D-galactose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and D-mannose residues in the carbohydrate chain of fetuin is essential for binding.