gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer doublet and an elaborated phase plate holder for 120 kV electron-phase microscope (2005)

A Zernike-type phase plate, which consisted of an amorphous carbon film, was developed for a 120 kV transmission electron microscope (TEM). The thickness of the film causes the scattered electrons to experience a pi/2 phase shift. The axial electrons pass through the central hole of the phase plate. The TEM was modified with an additional lens doublet, which allowed more flexibility in applying the phase plates. The doublet transfers the image from the back focal plane to a plane below the objective lens where a special phase plate holder, anticontaminator, and other necessary devices could be employed. The diameter of the central hole in the phase plate was 1 microm. The same mechanical system as in the specimen stage is used to align the axial beam into the hole. The use of a heating holder to protect the phase plate from contamination and consequential charging was investigated. Comparative diffractograms of amorphous carbon are shown with and without using a phase plate, demonstrating the change in phase contrast modulation from a sine to a cosine function when a phase plate is used. Images of biological specimens acquired using a phase plate are presented and the contrast enhancement due to the cosine transfer function is clearly demonstrated.
Cryptococcus neoformans survive and replicate in human microglia. (1995)

The results suggest that, in human microglia, CN survive and replicate within SP. Modification of CN capsular polysaccharide within SP may be a contributing factor to this aberrant microglial-CN interaction.
How many MacAdam ellipses are there? (1986)

In a classic series of experiments MacAdam and others measured chromatic discrimination around many points in chromaticity space. They characterized these contours using ellipses. Theorists have attempted to predict these shapes from physiologically based theories (e.g., Silberstein, 1945; Stiles, 1946). Parameters of the ellipsoids may be expressed as a unique linear transformation mapping the ellipsoid into a unit sphere. Whereas this transformation has six degrees of freedom, most measurements of chromatic discrimination only vary three independent degrees of freedom in the stimulus conditions: the color coordinates of the point in color space. It is not surprising, therefore, that our analysis of the MacAdam ellipsoid parameters shows that they are confined to a small region of the 6-D space of possible parameter values. We have collected new data using disk-annuli spatial targets and different temporal waveforms to increase the dimensionality of the stimulus parameters. We ask whether the new ellipses have parameters outside the region spanned by the basic MacAdam ellipse conditions. That is, we analyze whether the parameters of the MacAdam ellipsoids are limited by the number of degrees of freedom in the stimulus conditions or by the number of degrees of freedom in the processes of visual sensitivity.
Prognostic Value of Combined Response Markers Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Persons: Possible Aid in the Decision to Change Zidovudine Monotherapy (1995)

To clarify useful clinical parameters for determining the need for changes in antiretroviral regimens, 586 persons who were seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and who had intermediate-stage HIV disease underwent follow-up semiannually for a median of 3.1 years after zidovudine monotherapy was instituted. The strongest predictors of time to the development of AIDS and of survival were an increased CD4 lymphocyte count (> 50/microL), a decreased neopterin level (> 2.4 nmol/L), and no increase in the number of symptoms after 7-12 months of zidovudine therapy. Men who had the best quartile CD4 lymphocyte and neopterin responses and who also had no increase in the number of symptoms were 23 times less likely to die (reflecting a 96% increase in survival) than were men who had the worst responses in these variable categories. After 7-12 months of zidovudine therapy, 5-year survival rates were 63% for men with good responses in all three variable categories, 47%-49% for those with good CD4 lymphocyte responses and good responses in one other variable category, 31% for those with only a good CD4 lymphocyte response, and 0 for those with poor responses in all three variable categories.
Flow Calibration of the Laser Test Shelter Airflow Duct. (1976)

Cruciferous vegetables are widely acknowledged to provide chemopreventive benefits in humans, but they are not generally consumed at levels that effect significant change in biomarkers of health. Because consumers have embraced the notion that dietary supplements may prevent disease, this review considers whether an appropriately validated sulforaphane-yielding broccoli sprout supplement may deliver clinical benefit. The crucifer-derived bioactive phytochemical sulforaphane is a significant inducer of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), the transcription factor that activates the cell's endogenous defenses via a battery of cytoprotective genes. For a broccoli sprout supplement to demonstrate bioactivity in vivo, it must retain both the sulforaphane-yielding precursor compound, glucoraphanin, and the activity of glucoraphanin's intrinsic myrosinase enzyme. Many broccoli sprout supplements are myrosinase inactive, but current labeling does not reflect this. For the benefit of clinicians and consumers, this review summarizes the findings of in vitro studies and clinical trials, interpreting them in the context of clinical relevance. Standardization of sulforaphane nomenclature and assay protocols will be necessary to remove inconsistency and ambiguity in the labeling of currently available broccoli sprout products.
Quantitative Videographic Analysis of Blinking in Normal Subjects and Patients With Dry Eye (1996)

Our technique permitted a rigorous analysis of blinking that was previously unavailable. We have shown that local ocular surface conditions alone can significantly affect patterns of blinking. This method should be applicable to studying psychologic and any other factors that may influence blinking.
Secure naming in information-centric networks (2010)

In this paper, we present a secure naming system to locate resources in information-centric networks. The main goal is to allow secure content retrieval from multiple unknown or untrusted sources. The proposal uses a new, flexible naming scheme that is backwards compatible with the current. URL naming scheme and allows for independent content identification regardless of the routing, forwarding, and storage mechanisms by separating the source and location identification rules in the URI/URL authority fields. Some benefits of the new naming system include the opportunity to securely retrieve content from any source in the network, content mobility, content validation with the original source, and full backwards compatibility with the current naming system.
Development and Evaluation of a C-1500 Pick-Up Truck Model for Roadside Hardware Impact Simulation (1997)

A detailed multi-purpose finite element model of a 1994 Chevrolet C-1500 pick-up truck was developed at the FHWA/NHTSA National Crash Analysis Center. The model is the first of its kind developed specifically to address vehicle safety issues, including front and side performance, as well as road side hardware design. In addition a reduced version of the C-1500 detailed model was developed as a &quot;bullet&quot; model to test various components of the detailed model. These simulations are conducted in support of research studies undergoing at the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) to investigate vehicle compatibility, new offset barrier tests, and highway/vehicle safety issues. Full scale vehicle crash tests conducted by NHTSA and FHWA are used for evaluation of the performance of the model. Two tests are compared, a frontal impact with a full rigid wall and a corner impact to a 42-inch Vertical Concrete Median. The comparisons be...
Environmental Impacts of an Expanding Caribbean Port: Grand Cayman, British West Indies (2001)

The Port Authority of the Cayman Islands is planning to proceed with the replacement and expansion of the existing storm-damaged dock in George Town, Grand Cayman. Channels leading to the new dock will be dredged, and the dredged material will be used as fill for the dock and to construct additional land area for cargo storage. As a part of the permitting process, the Cayman Island Department of the Environment (DOE) has requested that several coastal and environmental aspects of this work be analyzed and presented in an Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The report, with subsequent addenda, included the results of hydrographic surveys, biological surveys, wave refraction analyses, sediment transport analyses, cultural resource investigations, reviews of applicable dredging techniques, and alternative design studies. The findings indicate that the project would have minimal environmental impacts. The DOE and Caymanian Government are presently reviewing the results of the EIR for project approval.
Stress Durability Testing of Adhesively Bonded Steel (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A stress durability test method that incorporates exposure to a corrosive environment has been used to evaluate the performance of adhesively bonded steel joints. For the systems examined, corrosion exposure is more damaging than exposure to humidity alone. The combination of load and corrosion exposure is substantially more severe than either alone.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A method for analysis of the data and comparison of the test results for the evaluation of adhesive bond durability is proposed. The dependence of lifetime on load is defined as <img class="article-image inline" src="950128_fig0001.jpg" alt=""/>, where <i>f</i> is the ratio of applied load to initial, unexposed failure load. The exponent <u>n</u> provides a measure of the degree of acceleration of the interfacial degradation processes by load.</div>
Mass Transfer Effects on Liquid-Phase Chemical Reaction Rates (1974)

The rate of liquid-phase chemical reactions involving transfer of reactants from another phase depends on the homogeneous liquid-phase kinetics, physical mass transfer rates of reactants, and their thermodynamic equilibria at the phase boundaries. The interaction among these phenomena produces four distinct types of behavior depending on chemical reaction velocity. These will be examined in this paper.
<title>High-performance laser range scanner</title> (1998)

Laser scanners, or ladars, have been used for a number of years for mobile robot navigation. Although previous scanners were sufficient for low-speed navigation, they often did not have the range or angular resolution necessary for mapping at the long distances required by high-speed navigation. Many also did not provide an ample field of view. In this paper we will present the development of state-of-the-art, high speed, high accuracy, laser range scanner technology. This work has been a joint effort between CMU and K<SUP>2</SUP>T in Pittsburgh and Zoller + Friehlich in Wangen, Germany. The scanner mechanism provides an unobstructed 360 degrees horizontal field of view, and a 30 degree vertical field of view. Resolution of the scanner is variable with a maximum resolution of approximately 0.06 degrees per pixel in both azimuth and elevation. The laser is amplitude-modulated, continuous-wave with an ambiguity interval of 52 metes, a range resolution of 1.6 mm, and a maximum pixel rate of 500 kHz. This paper will focus on the design and performance of the scanner mechanism and will discuss several potential applications for the technology. One application, obstacle detection for automated highway applications will be discussed in more detail. Example data will be shown and current mechanism improvements from the CMU prototype will also be discussed.
The CAST/Ei strain confers significant protection against Apc(Min) intestinal polyps, independent of the resistant modifier of Min 1 (Mom1) locus. (2002)

Intestinal adenoma development in Apc(Min) mice is influenced by genetic background. We generated a congenic line between the CAST and B6 inbred strains to study the effects of a resistant CAST background in the absence of a major modifier locus, Modifier of Min 1 (Mom1(R)). Progeny from a CAST.B6 Mom1(R/S) x B6 Apc(Min/+) intercross were 110 or 200 days of age and screened for intestinal polyps. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in polyp multiplicity and size in CASTB6F1 Mom1(R/S), Apc(Min/+) and CASTB6F1 Mom1(S/S), Apc(Min/+) progeny compared with B6 Mom1(S/S), Apc(Min/+) controls. A complete absence of colon polyps was observed in all mice heterozygous for the CAST background. These results demonstrate that the CAST strain carries dominant modifier loci, in addition to Mom1(R), that dramatically reduce polyp burden in the small intestine and eliminate polyp burden in the colon of Apc(Min) mice.
Subclinical myocardial injury in small-for-gestational-age neonates (2002)

Objective: Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants are at risk for premature death from cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction and stroke), hypertension, and diabetes in adult life. Severe intrauterine growth restriction is often associated with subclinical cardiovascular abnormalities detectable during fetal echocardiography. The objective of this study was to determine whether SGA newborns have evidence of myocardial injury at birth. Study design: Cardiac troponin I, a specific marker of myocardial injury widely used for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction in adults, was determined in umbilical cord blood. Umbilical cord venous blood was obtained at the time of birth from 72 SGA newborns (birth weight below the 10th centile for gestational age) and 309 newborns whose birth weights were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). Cardiac troponin I was determined with a commercially available immunoassay (sensitivity 0.2 ng/ml) employed in clinical laboratories (Immulite 2000, Diagnostic Products Corp., Los Angeles, CA). Results: Cardiac troponin I was not detectable in any of the blood samples from AGA infants. In contrast, 4.2% (3/72) of SGA infants had detectable cardiac troponin I in umbilical cord blood (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.007). Conclusion: A subgroup of SGA newborns undergoes myocardial injury before birth. This insult may predispose to the development of adult premature cardiovascular disease and death.
Human Performance Models of Pilot Behavior (2005)

Five modeling teams from industry and academia were chosen by the NASA Aviation Safety and Security Program to develop human performance models (HPM) of pilots performing taxi operations and runway instrument approaches with and without advanced displays. One representative from each team will serve as a panelist to discuss their team's model architecture, augmentations and advancements to HPMs, and aviation-safety related lessons learned. Panelists will discuss how modeling results are influenced by a model's architecture and structure, the role of the external environment, specific modeling advances and future directions and challenges for human performance modeling in aviation.
High‐Valent Iron and Manganese Complexes of Porphyrins and Related Macrocycles (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Audio frequency<i>in vivo</i>optical coherence elastography (2009)

We present a new approach to optical coherence elastography (OCE), which probes the local elastic properties of tissue by using optical coherence tomography to measure the effect of an applied stimulus in the audio frequency range. We describe the approach, based on analysis of the Bessel frequency spectrum of the interferometric signal detected from scatterers undergoing periodic motion in response to an applied stimulus. We present quantitative results of sub-micron excitation at 820 Hz in a layered phantom and the first such measurements in human skin in vivo.
Varying the Interplay of Calix[5]arenes through Chloromethane Inclusion (2006)

Three inclusion complexes of calix[5]arenes as dichloromethane (DCM) or chloroform solvates have been structurally authenticated, namely, the complexes of p-But-calix[5]arene, 1, or p-H-calix[5]arene, with DCM, 2, and a new polymorph of the complex of p-phenyl-calix[5]arene with chloroform, 3. Complex 1 has two adjacent tbutyl groups of one calixarene embracing the analogous groups from another calixarene. Complex 2 has a slipped head-to-head arrangement of calixarenes with a DCM molecule in the cavity of each calixarene. In complex 3, the calixarenes form dimers through interdigitation, and these dimers are assembled with back-to-back arrangement of calixarenes from adjacent dimers. All solvate complexes were crystallized in the presence of p-carborane, which has complementarity of size of the cavity of the calixarenes yet is not incorporated in the structures.
Time-resolved detection of far-field THz-radiation patterns: spatially restricted coherence of surface field THz emitters (1999)

The measurements of the spatial coherence of a macroscopic ensemble of carriers excited coherently by femtosecond laser pulses is presented. The spatial coherence of the excited ensemble is derived from time- and spatially resolved measurements of the far-field THz-emission pattern. The analysis concentrates on surface field emitters, which are widespread broadband sources of coherent THz-radiation. We find that these emitters are fully spatially coherent for emission frequencies up to 1.6 THz, above which frequency the spatial coherence starts to decrease. For frequencies above 2.5 THz the spatial coherence of the emitter is limited to one THz wavelength.
Lack of Electricity Production by <i>Pelobacter carbinolicus</i> Indicates that the Capacity for Fe(III) Oxide Reduction Does Not Necessarily Confer Electron Transfer Ability to Fuel Cell Anodes (2007)

The ability of Pelobacter carbinolicus to oxidize electron donors with electron transfer to the anodes of microbial fuel cells was evaluated because microorganisms closely related to Pelobacter species are generally abundant on the anodes of microbial fuel cells harvesting electricity from aquatic sediments. P. carbinolicus could not produce current in a microbial fuel cell with electron donors which support Fe(III) oxide reduction by this organism. Current was produced using a coculture of P. carbinolicus and Geobacter sulfurreducens with ethanol as the fuel. Ethanol consumption was associated with the transitory accumulation of acetate and hydrogen. G. sulfurreducens alone could not metabolize ethanol, suggesting that P. carbinolicus grew in the fuel cell by converting ethanol to hydrogen and acetate, which G. sulfurreducens oxidized with electron transfer to the anode. Up to 83% of the electrons available in ethanol were recovered as electricity and in the metabolic intermediate acetate. Hydrogen consumption by G. sulfurreducens was important for ethanol metabolism by P. carbinolicus. Confocal microscopy and analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that half of the cells growing on the anode surface were P. carbinolicus, but there was a nearly equal number of planktonic cells of P. carbinolicus. In contrast, G. sulfurreducens was primarily attached to the anode. P. carbinolicus represents the first Fe(III) oxide-reducing microorganism found to be unable to produce current in a microbial fuel cell, providing the first suggestion that the mechanisms for extracellular electron transfer to Fe(III) oxides and fuel cell anodes may be different.
RECENT PROGRESS ON HIGH-ORDER HARMONIC GENERATION USING LASER-PRODUCED IONS (1993)

The recent progress of the high-order harmonic generation in laser-produced ions is presented. The experimental results obtained at RIKEN using a 500-fs KrF laser (248 nm) are summarized. Rare gas-like ions produced much higher-order harmonics than rare gases did when the laser intensity was increased to 10 17 W/cm 2 . In addition to rare gas-like ions, various metal ions were used as nonlinear media. The maximum harmonic orders are found to be simply proportional to the ionization potentials of the nonlinear media, including neutral rare gases. The maximum harmonic order observed was the 21st (11.8 nm) in Pb 2+ . The advantages of using ions in laser-produced plasmas as nonlinear media for the high-order harmonic generation are discussed.
Concentration-Independent Stereodynamic <i>g</i>-Probe for Chiroptical Enantiomeric Excess Determination (2017)

Enantiomeric excess (ee) determination is crucial in many aspects of science, from synthesis to materials. Within this subject, coupling molecular sensors with chiroptical techniques is a straightforward approach to the stereochemical analysis of chiral molecules, especially in terms of process immediacy and labor. Stereodynamic probes typically consist of racemic mixtures of rapidly interconverting enantiomeric conformers able to recognize a chiral analyte and greatly amplify its chiroptical readout. A great number of sensors have been developed, but their activity is generally restricted to one or a few classes of chemicals, and the analysis outcome relies on precise knowledge of the probe and analyte concentrations. This aspect in particular limits the potential practical applications. Here we report an oxo-vanadium(V) aminotriphenolate complex that was found to act as a concentration-independent stereodynamic sensor for a wide range of compounds. The bare complex is CD-silent, but coordination of an enantioenriched substrate immediately gives rise to intense Cotton effects in the visible region. Furthermore, a geometry change during the substrate-complex interaction leads to a marked optical response, as witnessed by a strong red-shift of the probe absorption bands, thus allowing the generation of dichroic signals in an "interference-free" area of the spectrum. This peculiarity allows for a linear correlation at high wavelengths between the ee of the analyte and anisotropy g-factor. This parameter derives from the differential circularly polarized light absorption of the sample but is independent of concentration. The newly developed sensor based on a simple coordination process has an unprecedented general character in terms of substrate scope and employment.
Cardiac arrhythmias: Implantation of a unipolar cardioverter/defibrillator system under local anaesthesia (1996)

Single-lead unipolar transvenous implantable cardioverter/defibrillator systems can be safely implanted under local anaesthesia with mild sedation for defibrillation threshold testing. The procedure is well tolerated.
Elective laparoscopic recto-sigmoid resection for diverticular disease is suitable as a training operation (2010)

Since there are no differences in operation time, blood loss, conversion rate and total complications, there is no need to avoid laparoscopic recto-sigmoid resection for diverticular disease early in the learning curve.
Inflammation and Development of Gastrointestinal Cancers. (2011)

消化器癌の多くは，胃炎，肝炎，胆管炎，逆流性食道炎，炎症性腸疾患など，炎症組織を母地として発症する．発癌の最大の特徴は遺伝子変異，欠失，増幅，転座などの遺伝子異常が蓄積することであるが，最近私たちは，炎症がこうした遺伝子不安定性を誘発する機序を見出した．炎症の場では，H. pyloriやHCVなどの病原体，さらにそれによって誘導される様々なサイトカインが，本来B細胞のみに発現していて，免疫グロブリンの遺伝子変異（somatic hypermutation）やクラススイッチ（class switch recombination）に必須の遺伝子編集酵素であるAIDを上皮細胞で誘導する．AIDはその脱アミノ化作用によってDNAのシトシンを最終的にチミンへと変換する．その結果様々な遺伝子に，遺伝子変異やDNA二重鎖切断を誘発して，発癌を促進すると考えられる．