gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesomechanical Model for Failure Study of Two Dimensional Triaxial Braided Composite Materials (2010)

Carbon fiber composite materials are being used in aerospace applications due to their excellent mechanical properties, such as high strength and stiffness as well as low density.Two dimensional triaxial braided polymer matrix composites have been shown to have improved performance under impact loads.Recently, many of the aircraft engine manufacturers have used such braided carbon fiber/epoxy composite for engine fan cases.A potential problem in application of triaxial braided composite is to understand the cracking, debonding and delamination.Simulation would reduce time and cost in the development of composite fan cases.Development of accurate computer model for simulation is crucial in predicting deformation and failure and to help understand experimental results.Multi-scale modeling is a well established approach to simulating textile composite behavior.This research focused on meso level modeling of triaxial braided composites.The unit cell scheme is used to take into account internal braiding architectures as well as mechanical properties of three phases: fibers tows, matrix and tow interfaces.Model requires local properties of the material so micromechanics approach is used to produce those material parameters for the model.Failure initiation and progressive damage concept has been implemented in the fiber tows by using the Hashin failure criterion and a damage evolution law.The weak/imperfect fiber tow Mechanical Engineering, Dr. Kevin Kreider from Department of Applied Mathematics. Thanks to taking time to
Phase Response Design of Recursive All-Pass Digital Filters Using a Modified PSO Algorithm (2015)

This paper develops a new design scheme for the phase response of an all-pass recursive digital filter. A variant of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm will be utilized for solving this kind of filter design problem. It is here called the modified PSO (MPSO) algorithm in which another adjusting factor is more introduced in the velocity updating formula of the algorithm in order to improve the searching ability. In the proposed method, all of the designed filter coefficients are firstly collected to be a parameter vector and this vector is regarded as a particle of the algorithm. The MPSO with a modified velocity formula will force all particles into moving toward the optimal or near optimal solution by minimizing some defined objective function of the optimization problem. To show the effectiveness of the proposed method, two different kinds of linear phase response design examples are illustrated and the general PSO algorithm is compared as well. The obtained results show that the MPSO is superior to the general PSO for the phase response design of digital recursive all-pass filter.
Rule‐Based Expert Systems (2005)

Abstract The success of intelligent signal processing systems lies in their capabilities of logical reasoning, decision making, adaptation, self‐organization and communication in different modalities: speech, image, language, and so on. This article describes how rule‐based expert systems could be useful for signal processing tasks. Heuristic problem solving is introduced, which is followed by some fundamental aspects of conventional rule‐based systems and fuzzy expert systems. The design of a fuzzy expert system for a forecast problem is also illustrated.
An Artificial Light Source Influences Mating and Oviposition of Black Soldier Flies,<i>Hermetia illucens</i> (2010)

Current methods for mass-rearing black soldier flies, Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), in the laboratory are dependent on sunlight. Quartz-iodine lamps and rare earth lamps were examined as artificial light sources for stimulating H. illucens to mate and lay eggs. Sunlight was used as the control. Adults in the quartz-iodine lamp treatment had a mating rate of 61% of those in the sunlight control. No mating occurred when the rare earth lamp was used as a substitute. Egg hatch for the quartz-iodine lamp and sunlight treatments occurred in approximately 4 days, and the hatch rate was similar between these two treatments. Larval and pupal development under these treatments required approximately 18 and 15 days at 28°C, respectively. Development of methods for mass rearing of H. illucens using artificial light will enable production of this fly throughout the year without investing in greenhouse space or requiring sunlight.
Recombinant Desulphatohirudin (CGP 39393) Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Properties In Vivo (1989)

The effects of the newly available biotechnology product, recombinant desulphatohirudin (CGP 39393) have been investigated in rats. This highly potent and selective thrombin inhibitor exhibited marked anticoagulant properties with controllable titration of anticoagulant effect, as measured by activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), up to nearly four times control values. Furthermore, CGP 39393 exhibited impressive antithrombotic activity in vivo. In an arteriovenous shunt model of thrombus formation on a cotton-thread, the compound was capable of complete inhibition of thrombus development (ED50 = 0.3 mg/kg i.v. and 1.0 mg/kg s.c.). Venous stasis thrombosis was also highly susceptible to inhibition by CGP 39393 (ED50 = 0.01 mg/kg i.v. and 0.45 mg/kg s.c.). Comparison of the anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of the compound shows that potent antithrombotic effects (83-97% inhibition in the rat shunt model) are achieved within the generally acceptable range of anticoagulation. These results suggest a clear potential for this new agent in the clinical treatment of thrombotic disease.
Stiff‐Chain Polymers—Structure, Phase Behavior, and Properties (1989)

Abstract Most of the industrial plastics used up to now consist of flexible macromolecules in which the repeat units are joined together in a nonlinear fashion by rotating bonds. Stiff‐chain polymers, which in the ideal case have a rodlike shape, have received much less attention. The reason for this is that such polymers usually exhibit an exceedingly low solubility. Very often, they are absolutely insoluble and do not melt. However, in recent years these polymers have aroused technical interest because high‐modulus fibers and moldings can be fabricated from them. These favorable mechanical properties are directly related to the nearly parallel arrangement of the rodlike macromolecules in the solid state which is achieved through spinning or extrusion from a liquid crystalline (nematic) state. It is therefore evident that a thorough understanding of the phase behavior and the structure is required for a universal technical utilization of these materials. The great variety of methods used in polymer science today has led to a deeper understanding of stiff‐chain polymers. Experimental results together with theoretical modeling of the phase behavior have direct implications for the practical use of these macromolecular materials.
Effect of High Intensity Ultrasound and Pasteurization on Anthocyanin Content in Strawberry Juice (2011)

The purpose of this investigation is to study the influence of high intensity ultrasound and pasteurization on the stability of anthocyanins and their content in strawberry juice. Different ultrasound process parameters for the treatment of juices are compared to the classical thermal treatments. For ultrasound treatments, three parameters were varied according to the statistical experimental design. Central composite design was used to optimize and design experimental parameters: temperature (25, 40 and 55 °C), amplitude (60, 90 and 120 μm) and time (3, 6, and 9 min). It was found that the anthocyanin content after pasteurization (85 °C for 2 min) was reduced by 5.3 to 5.8 % compared to untreated juices. After treatment with ultrasound (20 °C for 3, 6 or 9 min) or thermosonication (40 °C for 3, 6 or 9 min and 60 °C for 3 or 6 min), the degradation of anthocyanins was generally less intensive and was 0.7–4.4 % compared to the untreated juices. Only in the case of ultrasonic treatment at a temperature of 55 °C and treatment time of 9 min the total content of anthocyanins, compared to untreated juice, was reduced by 5.8 to 7.1 %, and their degradation was greater than that of pasteurized juices. From the results it can be concluded that total anthocyanin content was greater in more than 85 % of the selected ultrasound treatments compared to pasteurized juices. Ultrasound treatment can replace pasteurization in terms of preserving total anthocyanin content. The modelling approaches using response surface methodology (RSM) developed in this study exploit data in order to identify the optimal processing parameters for lowering degradation of anthocyanins in strawberry juice during ultrasound processing.
39.2: High Contrast LCD TV Using Active Dynamic LED Backlight (2007)

Abstract A 32 inch high contrast LCD TV using LED backlight is demonstrated. The LCD TV dynamically manipulates the brightnessr of individual LEDs to largely enhance the display contrast and reduce the power consumption. Preliminary results indicate the contrast can be up to 125,000:1, with maximum luminance of 500 cd/m 2 . Compared with the static LED backlight, up to 70% of the power can be saved depending on the average picture level (APL) of the image.
Learning and Recognition of On-Premise Signs From Weakly Labeled Street View Images (2014)

Camera-enabled mobile devices are commonly used as interaction platforms for linking the user's virtual and physical worlds in numerous research and commercial applications, such as serving an augmented reality interface for mobile information retrieval. The various application scenarios give rise to a key technique of daily life visual object recognition. On-premise signs (OPSs), a popular form of commercial advertising, are widely used in our living life. The OPSs often exhibit great visual diversity (e.g., appearing in arbitrary size), accompanied with complex environmental conditions (e.g., foreground and background clutter). Observing that such real-world characteristics are lacking in most of the existing image data sets, in this paper, we first proposed an OPS data set, namely OPS-62, in which totally 4649 OPS images of 62 different businesses are collected from Google's Street View. Further, for addressing the problem of real-world OPS learning and recognition, we developed a probabilistic framework based on the distributional clustering, in which we proposed to exploit the distributional information of each visual feature (the distribution of its associated OPS labels) as a reliable selection criterion for building discriminative OPS models. Experiments on the OPS-62 data set demonstrated the outperformance of our approach over the state-of-the-art probabilistic latent semantic analysis models for more accurate recognitions and less false alarms, with a significant 151.28% relative improvement in the average recognition rate. Meanwhile, our approach is simple, linear, and can be executed in a parallel fashion, making it practical and scalable for large-scale multimedia applications.
TNF-a, IL-1a, IL-6 and ICAM-1 Expression in Human Keratinocytes Stimulated in Vitro with Escherichia Coli Heat-Shock Proteins (1997)

Bacterial heat-shock proteins (HSPs) from Escherichia coli (GroES, GroEL and DnaK) were studied for their ability to induce by themselves the expression and release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by cultured human keratinocytes. The surface expression of ICAM-1 was also investigated. In the supernatants of untreated cells none or a minimal amount of these molecules was found. After 48 h of stimulation with GroEL significant amounts of TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-6 and soluble ICAM-1 were detected, reaching maximum concentrations at 1 microgram ml-1. The same effect was elicited by DnaK but to a lesser extent. Treatment of keratinocytes with GroEL and DnaK also increased TNF-alpha, IL-1 alpha, IL-6 and ICAM-1 mRNA levels. GroES showed significant activity only on the expression and release of IL-6. GroEL and DnaK were also able to up-regulate the surface expression of ICAM-1 on keratinocytes. The effects on ICAM-1 expression seemed to be directly due to HSPs and not mediated via cytokines. Furthermore, these effects were due to the properties of HSPs because they were inhibited by specific monoclonal antibodies. These findings support the potential role of HSPs in modulating cell interactions during immunological and inflammatory responses in the skin.
Age estimation of faces: a review (2008)

Abstract Accurate age estimation is important in a variety of settings, particularly those in which age is a condition for access to a product such as alcohol or tobacco. The current paper reviews data on the estimation of age, focusing on changes that occur to the ageing face, methodology and findings. The accumulated data suggest that age estimation of unfamiliar faces can be quite accurate, is sensitive to cues at the local and global level and may vary on the basis of group membership. Potential directions for future research are highlighted and findings are discussed with respect to their implications for policies regarding the solicitation of age identification. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct Observation of Transfer of Angular Momentum to Absorptive Particles from a Laser Beam with a Phase Singularity (1995)

Black or reflective particles can be trapped in the dark central minimum of a doughnut laser beam produced using a high efficiency computer generated hologram. Such beams carry angular momentum due to the helical wave-front structure associated with the central phase singularity even when linearly polarized. Trapped absorptive particles spin due to absorption of this angular momentum transferred from the singularity beam. The direction of spin can be reversed by changing the sign of the singularity.
Procedures for automated building energy model production for urban and early design (2015)

Thesis: Ph. D. in Architecture: Building Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2015.
Dynamic Visual Perception of Dyslexic Children (2000)

This study describes the capacity of children to detect fast changes of a small visual pattern. Three visual detection tasks for a group of normally reading (N = 140) and another group of dyslexic children (N = 366) in the age range of 7 to 16 years have been used. All three tasks require the detection of the fast changing orientation of a small pattern before it disappears. In one task, stationary fixation was required, because the orientation changes took place always at the same location. In the saccade condition, the pattern was displaced suddenly to one or the other side and a saccade was required to detect the orientation. In a third condition, a distractor was presented at one side shortly before the oriented pattern appeared at the opposite side. In this case, an antisaccade with respect to the distractor was required. In all three conditions, the dyslexic group as a whole performed significantly below the level of the control group. The performance improved with age in both groups. The differences between the test and control group were largest in the distractor condition. When compared with eye-movement performance in an antisaccade task, a parallel development of the performance of both tasks was observed in both groups. The study shows that a certain percentage of dyslexic children has difficulties in the perception of fast changing stimuli, a task presumably challenging the magnocellular system.
<p>Network Pharmacology-Oriented Identification of Key Proteins and Signaling Pathways Targeted by Xihuang Pill in the Treatment of Breast Cancer</p> (2020)

This network pharmacology study indicated that XHP can inhibit the development of BC by targeting a variety of proteins and signaling pathways involved in the inflammatory microenvironment.
Optimal quality (131)I-monoclonal antibodies on high-dose labeling in a large reaction volume and temporarily coating the antibody with IODO-GEN. (2001)

A new, facile, high-dose (131)I-labeling method was developed for production of (131)I-labeled MAbs with optimal quality for use in clinical radioimmunotherapy.
High Accurate Howland Current Source: Output Constraints Analysis (2013)

Howland circuits have been widely used as powerful source for exciting tissue over a wide frequency range. When a Howland source is designed, the components are chosen so that the designed source has the desired characteristics. However, the operational amplifier limitations and resistor tolerances cause undesired behaviors. This work proposes to take into account the influence of the random distribution of the resistors in the modified Howland circuit over the frequency range of 10 Hz to 10 MHz. Both output current and impedance of the circuit are deduced either considering or the operational amplifiers parameters. The probability density function due to small changes in the resistors of the circuit was calculated by using the analytical modeling. Results showed that both output current and impedance are very sensitive to the resistors variations. In order to get higher output impedances, high operational amplifier gains are required. The operational amplifier open-loop gain increases as increasing the sensitivity of the output impedance. The analysis done in this work can be used as a powerful co-adjuvant tool when projecting this type of circuit in Spice simulators. This might improve the implementations of practical current sources used in electrical bioimpedance.
Deformation correction in ultrasound imaging in an elastography framework (2010)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.
Traumatic brain injury alters expression of hippocampal microRNAs: Potential regulators of multiple pathophysiological processes (2008)

Multiple cellular, molecular, and biochemical changes contribute to outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to influence many important cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and morphogenesis, all processes that are involved in TBI pathophysiology. However, it has not yet been determined whether miRNA expression is altered after TBI. In the present study, we used a microarray platform to examine changes in the hippocampal expression levels of 444 verified rodent miRNAs at 3 and 24 hr after controlled cortical impact injury. Our analysis found 50 miRNAs exhibited decreased expression levels and 35 miRNAs exhibited increased expression levels in the hippocampus after injury. We extended the microarray findings using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for a subset of the miRNAs with altered expression levels (miR-107, -130a, -223, -292-5p, -433-3p, -451, -541, and -711). Bioinformatic analysis of the predicted targets for this panel of miRNAs revealed an overrepresentation of proteins involved in several biological processes and functions known to be initiated after injury, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, proliferation, and differentiation. Our results indicate that multiple protein targets and biological processes involved in TBI pathophysiology may be regulated by miRNAs.
Venous flow in the great cardiac vein of the dog. (1990)

The venous blood flow in the great cardiac vein (GCV) was measured with an ultrasonic transit-time flowmeter during brief occlusion of major branches of the coronary arteries in open-chest dogs. Occlusion of the right coronary artery did not affect GCV outflow. GCV outflow vanished when the left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded proximal to the bifurcation of the septal artery. When the LAD was occluded distal to the septal artery, the GCV flow reduction averaged 70%. Occlusion of the left circumflex artery resulted in a slight but significant decrease, followed by an increase in GCV outflow. Partial occlusion of the coronary sinus or GCV by a catheter resulted in a decrease in outflow. This suggests that the absolute value of coronary venous flow obtained by the thermodilution technique should be evaluated carefully.
Analytical, numerical, and experimental investigation of a Luneburg lens system for directional cloaking (2019)

In this study, the design of a directional cloaking based on the Luneburg lens system is proposed and its operating principle is experimentally verified. The cloaking concept is analytically investigated via geometrical optics and numerically realized with the help of the finite-difference time-domain method. In order to benefit from its unique focusing and/or collimating characteristics of light, the Luneburg lens is used. We show that by the proper combination of Luneburg lenses in an array form, incident light bypasses the region between junctions of the lenses, i.e., the ``dark zone.'' Hence, direct interaction of an object with propagating light is prevented if one places the object to be cloaked inside that dark zone. This effect is used for hiding an object which is made of a perfectly electric conductor material. In order to design an implementable cloaking device, the Luneburg lens is discretized into a photonic crystal structure having gradually varying air cylindrical holes in a dielectric material by using Maxwell Garnett effective medium approximations. Experimental verifications of the designed cloaking structure are performed at microwave frequencies of around 8 GHz. The proposed structure is fabricated by three-dimensional printing of dielectric polylactide material and a brass metallic alloy is utilized in place of the perfectly electric conductor material in microwave experiments. Good agreement between numerical and experimental results is found.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as a Source of Oxygen To Access α-Hydroxy Arones via the α-Hydroxylation of Arones (2017)

An unprecedented α-hydroxylation strategy was developed for the synthesis of α-hydroxy arones using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as an oxygen source. Control experiments demonstrated that the oxygen atom of the hydroxy group in the α-hydroxy arones produced in this reaction was derived from DMF. This new reaction therefore not only provides an alternative strategy for the α-hydroxylation of arones but also highlights the possibility of using the inexpensive common solvent DMF as a source of oxygen in organic synthesis.
Potential Antioxidant Capacity of Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Marine Brown Seaweed <i>Fucus vesiculosus</i> (2002)

Fucus vesiculosus was sequentially extracted with water at 22 degrees C (fraction 1 (F1)) and 60 degrees C (F2), and with 0.1 M HCl (F3) and 2 M KOH (F4) at 37 degrees C. Soluble fractions (42.3% yield) were composed of neutral sugars (18.9-48 g/100 g), uronic acids (8.8-52.8 g/100 g), sulfate (2.4-11.5 g/100 g), small amounts of protein (< 1-6.1 g/100 g), and nondialyzable polyphenols (0.1-2.7 g/100 g). The main neutral sugars were fucose, glucose, galactose, and xylose. Infrared (IR) spectra of the fractions showed absorption bands at 820-850 and 1225-1250 cm(-1) for sulfate. F1, F2, and F4 also exhibited an absorption band at 1425 cm(-1), due to uronic acids, and their IR spectra resembled that of alginate. F3 had an IR spectrum similar to that of fucoidan with an average molecular weight of 1.6 x 10(6) Da, calculated by molecular exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of fucose in this polysaccharide was confirmed by (1)H NMR spectroscopy. This fraction showed the highest potential to be antioxidant by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, followed by the alkali- and water-soluble fractions. Sulfated polysaccharides from edible seaweeds potentially could be used as natural antioxidants by the food industry.