gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapy Against Ischemic Injury (2013)

The advent of reperfusion therapy constituted a historical change for the management of myocardial infarction (MI) patients. However, shortly after, experimental models recognized an intrinsic damage, related to reperfusion itself, which was termed as ischemiareperfusion injury (IRI). Clinical studies attribute IRI a significant burden of morbidity and mortality observed in patients undergoing successful epicardial reperfusion. Several mechanisms have been identified and, as many strategies, have been investigated to address the phenomenon. In this review we will discuss the current evidence for IRI, pharmacological and non-pharmacological preventive strategies adopted both in experimental models and in clinical practice. Finally, we will try to provide a critical appraisal to the lack of consistent benefit observed in translational medicine.
Chiral Metamaterials with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> Symmetry and Beyond (2019)

Optical systems with gain and loss that respect parity-time (PT) symmetry can have real eigenvalues despite their non-Hermitian character. Chiral systems impose circularly polarized waves which do not preserve their handedness under the combined space- and time-reversal operations and, as a result, seem to be incompatible with systems possessing PT symmetry. Nevertheless, in this work we show that in certain configurations, PT symmetric permittivity, permeability, and chirality is possible; in addition, real eigenvalues are maintained even if the chirality goes well beyond PT symmetry. By obtaining all three constitutive parameters in realistic chiral metamaterials through simulations and retrieval, we show that the chirality can be tailored independently of permittivity and permeability; thus, in such systems, a wide control of new optical properties including advanced polarization control is achieved.
Communicating Risk Information in Genetic Counseling: An Observational Study (2005)

This study investigates risk communication within genetic counselling. Transcripts of 115 U.K. genetic consultations were reliably coded into form of risk expression used, whether the patient responded with understanding and agreement or showed signs of misunderstanding or disagreement, or did not respond at all, and whether clinicians assessed patient comprehension. Of the 492 risk expressions used, 53% were words and 47% were numbers (32% probabilities and 15% percentages). There was no association between form of risk expression and response. Clinicians assessed comprehension on only 25% of occasions, less often following the use of words than numbers, and on only 9% of occasions when there was no response to their risk communication. Because patients did not respond to 43% of risk communications, there is a concern that patients may make decisions without understanding the risks involved.
Cell-substrate and cell-cell interactions differently regulate cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix protein gene expression (1996)

In this study, cellular events during tissue formation were investigated at the mRNA level using the Northern blot technique. The levels of expression of mRNAs encoding specific proteins (beta-actin, fibronectin, and laminin) during tissue formation on tissue culture dishes were quantitatively assessed using a Northern blot technique with autoradiography. The level of beta-actin mRNA increased with incubation time and reached a maximal level near the confluent state, followed by reduced beta-actin mRNA expression at a later stage of tissue formation. The time course of beta-actin mRNA expression corresponded well to the time course of morphologic changes and cytoskeletal organization in adherent cells. Expression of the mRNAs encoding the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin and laminin was initiated at the proliferation stage. After maximum expression levels of these two mRNAs were reached at the confluent stage, a gradual decrease in their expression levels was seen during long-term culture. Expression patterns of mRNAs encoding cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix proteins strongly depended on the type of artificial substrates used; a mRNA expression pattern similar to that observed during tissue formation on tissue culture dishes was observed on a cell-adhesive substrate during tissue formation, whereas reduced expression was seen during tissue formation on a less adhesive substrate. Thus, the dynamic changes occurring during tissue formation were quantified to investigate the roles of artificial substrates in tissue formation at the mRNA level.
Static and dynamic magnetic properties of cubic Mn-Co-Ga Heusler films (2014)

We investigated the static and dynamic magnetic properties of thin films of Mn-Co-Ga Heusler compound. Gilbert damping and exchange stiffness constants of the films were evaluated by using the ferromagnetic resonance technique in the X-band regime (f = 9.4 GHz). By analyzing the experimental spectra, magnetic parameters of the films such as the line width and the Gilbert damping were deduced, and the exchange stiffness constant was estimated from the perpendicular standing spin-wave resonance. The Gilbert damping constant was estimated to be 0.017 in a specific film composition. The exchange stiffness constant showed a linear dependence on the film composition.
Solvent-refined-coal (SRC) process. Determination of trace hydrocarbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds in SRC-II process development Unit P-99 gas streams. [Impure hydrogen in recycle gas and low pressure gas processing] (1982)

A knowledge of the identity and concentration of trace hydrocarbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds in the various gas streams of the SRC-II Coal Liquefaction Process is needed in order to design the recycle gas purification and low pressure gas processing systems in large-scale plants. This report discusses the results of an experimental study to identify and quantify trace compounds in the various high and low pressure gas streams of SRC-II Process Development Unit P-99. A capillary column trace hydrocarbon analysis has been developed which can quantify 41 hydrocarbons from methane to xylenes in SRC-II gas streams. With more work a number of other hydrocarbons could be quantified. A fixed gas analysis was also developed which can be integrated with the hydrocarbon analysis to yield a complete stream analysis. A gas chromatographic procedure using a flame photometric detector was developed for trace sulfur compounds, and six sulfur compounds were identified and quantified. A chemiluminescence method was developed for determination of NO and NO/sub 2/ down to 10 ppB in concentration. A gas chromatographic procedure using an electron capture detector was developed for HCN analysis down to 5 ppM. Drager tube analyses gave semiquantitative data on HCl and NH/sub 3/ content ofmore » the gas streams.« less
Novel RFID and ontology based home localization system for misplaced objects (2014)

Smart Home systems that can help track and localize objects within the home have been an important part of Consumer Electronics research in recent years. In practical terms, these systems can help people find certain things, such as glasses, wallets, keys, etc., and it is often troublesome to look for them. Previous research has shown great achievements in terms of localization accuracy of up to about 10 cm. However, no existing solution gives a meaningful description of the location of the misplaced object related to important known areas in the home or other space, which are easily understood by the user. This study proposes an RFID and ontology-based solution to localize the easily-lost objects based on three nearest reference points and recommends how to build the localization system so that it can be easily integrated into the entire Smart Home system that adheres to the Semantic Web protocols. The solution generates localization results as user-friendly statements, e.g. "The glasses are at the kitchen table". The current highest accuracy rate of 87.5% encourages enhancement of the technique and implementation of the complete system.
Bounds-based loop performance analysis: application to validation and tuning (2002)

We consider the floating point microarchitecture support in high-end RISC superscalar processors. We propose a simple, yet effective bounds model to deduce the "bestcase" loop performance limits for these processors. We compare these bounds to simulation-based (and where available, hardware-based) performance measurements for actual compiler-generated code sequences. From this study, we identify loop tuning opportunities to bridge the gap between "best-case" and "actual" performance in a post-silicon setting. Some of the results of such analysis point to fundamental hardware performance bugs which may be removed through feasible microarchitectural changes. More frequently, the analysis is useful for suggesting compiler enhancements. The analysis methods described have been used in actual high-end processor development projects within our company. We report our experimental results in the context of a set of application-based loop test cases, designed to stress various resource limits in the core (infinite cache) microarchitecture.
Genetic Association between Atopy and Behavioral Symptoms in Middle Childhood (1998)

The relationship of atopic and behavioral symptoms in a community sample of 66 monozygotic and 141 dizygotic twin pairs, ages 4–11 years, was investigated via mother report questionnaires. Within-person correlation between atopic symptoms and Child Behavior Checklist internalizing symptoms (CBCL-INT) was .21 (p < .001) for the total sample. Cross-correlations between atopy and CBCL-INT were .26 for monozygotic and .04 for dizygotic twins. A common and specific factor model applied to the data revealed that the cross-correlation between atopy and CBCL-INT was mainly due to genetic influences (77% of the covariance). This study supports the hypothesis that there is a shared genetic risk for atopy and internalizing symptoms.
Obesity-related Overexpression of Fatty-acid Synthase Gene in Adipose Tissue Involves Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein Transcription Factors (1998)

Elevated lipogenesis is a key determinant of exaggerated fat deposition in adipose tissue of obese Zucker rats. We previously delineated a region in the fatty-acid synthase promoter, which was responsible for obesity-related overexpression of the fatty-acid synthase (FAS) gene, by negatively regulating the activity of the downstream promoter in lean but not obese rat fat cells. The present study aimed to identify the transcriptional factors acting on this target region. First, functional analysis of mutated FAS promoter constructs in transiently transfected lean and obese rat adipocytes showed that the activity of the obesity-related region relied on the presence of a transcriptionally inactive sterol regulatory element at -150, which counteracted activation through the downstream E-box. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of a dominant negative form of adipocyte determination and differentiation factor 1 (ADD1) was used to neutralize endogenous ADD1/ sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcriptional activity in fat cells, by producing inactive dimers unable to bind target DNA. With this system, we observed that overexpression of FAS in obese rat adipocytes was ADD1/SREBP-dependent. SREBP isoforms expression was assessed in lean and obese rat fat cells and showed no differences in the level of ADD1/SREBP1 mRNA. In addition, equivalent amounts of immunoreactive ADD1/SREBP1 were found in nuclear extracts from lean and obese rat fat cells. In contrast, immunoreactive SREBP2, which was very low in nuclear extracts from lean rats, was induced in obese rat fat cells. Finally, using in vitro binding studies, we showed that SREBP2 was able to displace ADD1/SREBP1 binding from the sterol regulatory element (SRE) site. Thus, we propose a mechanism for obesity-related overexpression of FAS gene in rat adipocyte. ADD1/SREBP1-activated transcription proceeding from the E-box motif is counterbalanced by a negative SRE site acting by limiting the availability of ADD1/SREBP1 in normal fat cells. The negative effect of this site is abolished in obese rat adipocyte nuclei where SREBP2 is induced and can substitute for ADD1/SREBP1 binding to the inactive SRE. These results provide evidence for the implication of SREBPs in the dysregulation of adipocyte metabolism characteristic of the obese state.
Reversal of the Sedative and Sympatholytic Effects of Dexmedetomidine with a Specific α2-Adrenoceptor Antagonist Atipamezole (1998)

The sedative and sympatholytic effects of intramuscular dexmedetomidine were dose dependently antagonized by intravenous atipamezole. The applied infusion rate (75 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) for the highest atipamezole dose was, however, too fast, as evident by transient sympathoactivation. Similar elimination half-lives of these two drugs are a clear advantage considering the possible clinical applications.
Evaluation of Three Commercial Screening Tests for AIDS Virus Antibodies (1986)

Three commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus antibodies were evaluated using serum that had been characterized by an ELISA and western blot procedure developed at the University of California at Davis (UCD). Each of the commercial tests was more specific than the UCD ELISA, but the UCD ELISA was more sensitive in the detection of sera that lacked reactivity by western blot to the envelope glycoprotein (gp-41). The HTLV-III Bio-EnzaBead (Litton Bionetics, Charleston, SC) was less sensitive and specific than the Abbott HTLV-III EIA (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) or the Virgo HTLV-III ELISA (Electro-Nucleonics Inc., Columbia, MD). Overall, 22.9% (57 of 250) and 51.0% of sera that were repeatedly (X2) positive by commercial screening kits tested at blood donor centers and clinical laboratories, respectively, were confirmed by western blot. These results indicate that the screening assays for AIDS virus antibodies are not equal in performance and that positive screening test results must be confirmed by a more specific test like western blot before results are released.
β‐Sitosterin und Clionasterin aus (24<i>R</i>)‐ bzw. (24<i>S</i>)‐24‐Äthylcholesta‐5,22,25‐trien‐3β‐ol (1975)

Abstract Ausgehend von den reinen epimeren 24‐Äthylcholesta‐5,22,25‐trien‐3bT‐olen (24 R )‐ 1 a bzw. (24 S )‐ 1 a werden durch Hydrierung der 6β‐Acetoxy‐3α,5α‐cyclosterine 4 und anschließende Ringöffnung Stigmasterin ((24 S )‐ 2 ) und β‐Sitosterin ((24 R )‐ 3 ) bzw. Poriferasterin ((24 R )‐ 2 ) und Clionasterin ((24 S )‐ 3 ) dargestellt. Ein Weg zur Gewinnung spezifisch tritiierten β‐Sitosterins und Clionasterins wird beschrieben.
The effects of buffer layers on the crystalline structures and magnetic properties of Co-rich Co-Fe and Co-Fe-Al films (1995)

The crystalline structures and magnetic properties of Co-Fe and Co-Fe-Al films with various buffer layers (Cu, Permalloy and Zr), grown on glass or Si substrates, have been studied. It was found that the Co-Fe films on Zr underlayers exhibit very good FCC (111) orientation parallel to the film plane, whereas neither Cu nor Permalloy can suppress the intrusion of HCP phase in the Co-Fe films. Furthermore, the FCC (111) orientation is greatly enhanced by adding a small amount of Al to the Co-Fe films with Zr underlayers. The magnetic softness expected for the films with (111) orientation of the FCC phase was not attained for the Co-Fe films because of residual HCP phase and deterioration of the (111) orientation by annealing. On the other hand, the Co-Fe-Al films with Zr buffer layers, which have a single FCC phase with enhanced (111) orientation, are magnetically soft.
Indirect Transmission of Influenza A Virus between Pig Populations under Two Different Biosecurity Settings (2013)

Respiratory disease due to influenza virus is common in both human and swine populations around the world with multiple transmission routes capable of transmitting influenza virus, including indirect routes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of fomites in influenza A virus (IAV) transmission between pig populations separated by two different biosecurity settings. Thirty-five pigs were divided into four experimental groups: 10 pigs (1 replicate) were assigned to the infected group (I), 10 pigs (2 replicates of 5 pigs) were assigned to the low biosecurity sentinel group (LB), 10 pigs (2 replicates of 5 pigs) were assigned to the medium biosecurity sentinel group (MB), and 5 pigs (1 replicate) were assigned to the negative control group (NC). Eight of 10 pigs in the infected group were inoculated with IAV and 36 hours following inoculation, personnel movement events took place in order to move potentially infectious clothing and personal protective equipment (PPE) to sentinel pig rooms. Following contact with the infected group, personnel moved to the MB group after designated hygiene measures while personnel moved directly to the LB group. Nasal swabs and blood samples were collected from pigs to assess IAV infection status and fomites were sampled and tested via RRT-PCR. All experimentally inoculated pigs were infected with IAV and 11 of the 144 fomite samples collected following contact with infected pigs were low level positive for IAV genome. One replicate of each sentinel groups LB and MB became infected with IAV and all five pigs were infected over time. This study provides evidence that fomites can serve as an IAV transmission route from infected to sentinel pigs and highlights the need to focus on indirect routes as well as direct routes of transmission for IAV.
FILAMENT-WINDING PLASTICS. PART 5 - EPOXY-AMINE REACTIONS AND THE PRACTICAL USE OF HIGH-STRENGTH PLASTICS (1968)

Abstract : The plastics formed when epoxy resins react with polyfunctional amines have extremely complex molecular structures. Except for the basic reactions of simple epoxies, little is known regarding the molecular structures of such materials. Hence probable structures for certain molecular regions of the cured plastics must be deduced from known structures of simple analogs. In this work some relatively simple epoxy-amine systems were studied to obtain information regarding isomers, reaction sequences, and rates which are likely to prevail in complex polymerizations. The major reaction process of coreacting amines is an additive coupling. Gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance were used to determine which of some possible isomers were formed in the reactions studied. Aromatic amines are not as reactive as aliphatic amines at moderate temperatures. Reaction rate and reaction temperature affect the properties of the resulting plastic. Proper conditions allow the production of a partially polymerized resin syrup of high-strength epoxies with reduced monomer content. When MABA is used as a curing agent, the reactions can be stopped when a suitable viscosity is reached for wet winding or preimpregnation of the reinforcement fibers.
Inside Cover: Synthesis of Methanethiol from CS<sub>2</sub> on Ni‐, Co‐, and K‐Doped MoS<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts (ChemCatChem 11/2013) (2013)

Molybdenum carries the load The cover picture shows the reaction of CS2 and H2 over supported MoS2-type catalysts as a novel route for the synthesis of methanethiol, an important raw material in chemical industry. In their Full Paper on page 3249 ff., J. A. Lercher and co-workers describe the mechanism and kinetics of the reaction emphasizing the effect of Ni, Co, or K on the rates of hydrogenation and CS bond cleavage on MoS2. Thus, while aiming for the production of methanethiol with high rates and selectivity, the study also contributes to the understanding of the promotion of MoS2.
Artificial surfactant for therapy in hydrocarbon-induced lung injury in sheep (1996)

In the present animal study, artificial surfactant was an effective treatment for hydrocarbon aspiration. Aerosolized surfactant achieved results similar to instilled surfactant but at a lower total dose.
Microwave assisted organocatalytic synthesis of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural in a monophasic green solvent system (2014)

Monophasic microwave assisted dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) catalyzed by<italic>p</italic>-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) was studied in non-aqueous organic solvents.
Exploring Chemical Space with Organometallics: Ruthenium Complexes as Protein Kinase Inhibitors (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormones and their Receptors in Avian Species (2006)

In all vertebrates, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) is a key component of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. In birds, two distinct forms of GnRH (cGnRH-I and cGnRH-II) have been characterized, and a third immunoreactive form similar to lamprey GnRH-III has been reported. Each GnRH is produced by a different population of neurons. cGnRH-I is predominantly synthesized in cells located in the preoptic and septal areas, whereas cGnRH-II and -III are produced in neurons located mainly in the mesencephalon and around the third ventricle, respectively. Although GnRH neurons have been shown to project fibers to the median eminence, it is still unclear whether all three peptides are released in the hypothalamo-pituitary portal vascular system. Nonetheless, in vitro as well as in vivo experiments confirmed that they all have the ability to induce the release of gonadotropins. In the anterior pituitary gland, GnRHs mediate their effects by binding to specific G-coupled protein receptors, and in chickens, two different receptors have been characterized (cGnRHR-I and cGnRHR-II). In addition to the full-length receptors, several splice variants have also been detected. Although the physiological relevance of these variants is not known, they may participate in the regulation of intracellular signaling. While the expression of the full-length cGnRHR-I appears to fluctuate during an ovulatory cycle, levels remain constant between reproductive stages in chickens. In contrast, pituitary levels of cGnRHR-II mRNA are directly correlated with the reproductive status of the bird. Whether these two GnRHRs are expressed by the same cells in the anterior pituitary gland is not known. However, since luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) are produced by two different cell populations in chickens, it is possible that different combinations of GnRHs and GnRHRs differentially mediate the synthesis and release of these gonadotropins.
Asymmetric Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons Reactions with <i>Meso</i>-Dialdehydes: Scope, Mechanism, and Synthetic Applications (1999)

Asymmetric Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reactions between chiral phosphonate reagents and various meso-dialdehydes have been investigated. A mechanistic model useful for rationalizing the experimentally observed stereoselectivities is presented. Furthermore, strategies for applying these reactions to the stereocontrolled preparation of chiral heterocyclic building blocks have been developed.