gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Four Decades of Kink Interactions in Nonlinear Klein-Gordon Models: A Crucial Typo, Recent Developments and the Challenges Ahead (2019)

The study of kink interactions in nonlinear Klein-Gordon models in $1+1$-dimensions has a time-honored history. Until a few years ago, it was arguably considered a fairly mature field whose main phenomenology was well understood both qualitatively and at least semi-quantitatively. This consensus was shattered when H. Weigel and his group established that the effective model that had allowed this detailed understanding contained an all-important typo. Remarkably, they found that correcting this error wipes out both the quantitative and qualitative agreement and, in fact, leads to additional problems. We summarize the history of the subject from the early studies, up to Weigel's work and reflect on where these recent developments leave our understanding (which, quantitatively, is close to square one!). Importantly, we stress a number of emerging additional directions that have arisen in higher-order power law models and speculate on the associated significant potential for future work.
Chemistry of molecular shapes (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of molecular shapesHerbert C. Brown Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 9, 424Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1959Published inissue 1 September 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ed036p424RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Theoretical and experimental investigation of amplified spontaneous emission in electron-beam-pumped semiconductor lasers (1987)

Linear and nonlinear theories of amplified spontaneous emission in longitudinally-pumped semiconductor lasers have been developed. Spatial inhomogeneity in three dimensions and spectral inhomogeneity of gain and spontaneous emission are taken into account. Experiments to investigate the dependency of lasing threshold and differential efficiency of electron-beam-pumped semiconductor lasers on excited region diameter have been performed. The results of threshold measurements have agreed well with the linear theory calculations, while accounting for the results of differential efficiency measurements has required the development of a nonlinear theory. The data for non-linear calculations were provided by experiments on saturation of spontaneous emission. The results of experiments have definitely proved the inhomogeneity of gain. Based on the data obtained from experiments, the nonlinear calculations have explained the dependence of differential efficiency on the excited region diameter.
Isoliquiritigenin, an antioxidant flavonoid from licorice, inhibits high‐fat diet‐induced hepatic steatosis and oxidative injury through JNK1 inhibition (2011)

Isoliquiritigenin (ILQ), a flavonoid originated from Glycyrrhizae species, has an anti‐oxidant effect. This study investigated the potential of ILQ for inhibiting liver X receptor‐alpha (LXRalpha)‐mediated lipogenesis and steatosis in hepatocytes, and the underlying molecular basis. Treatment of ILQ antagonized the ability of LXRalpha agonist (T0901317) to activate sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c, thereby repressing downstream lipogenic genes induction. ILQ treatment inhibited activating phosphorylation of JNK1 elicited by palmitate or TNFalpha. JNK1, but not JNK2, increased LXRalpha phosphorylation at serine residues, promoting LXRalpha activation. The ability of ILQ to inhibit JNK1 led to the repression of T0901317‐inducible LXRalpha activation. In mice fed a high‐fat diet, ILQ treatment inhibited hepatic steatosis, as shown by a decrease in fat accumulation and repression of lipogenic genes. The results of blood chemistry and histopathology confirmed attenuation of high‐fat diet‐induced liver injury by ILQ. Moreover, ILQ inhibited oxidative stress, as shown by decreases in thiobarbituric acid reactive substance formation, iNOS and COX‐2 induction, and nitrotyrosinylation. Our results demonstrate that ILQ has the ability to repress LXRalpha‐dependent hepatic steatosis through JNK1 inhibition, and protect hepatocytes from oxidative injury induced by fat accumulation.
Early Operation Is Associated With a Survival Benefit for Patients With Adhesive Bowel Obstruction (2013)

Early operative intervention for patients with ASBO is associated with a significant survival benefit, lower incidence of local and systemic complications, and shorter hospitalization.
Character recognition with two spiking neural network models on multicore architectures (2009)

This paper presents the use of the Izhikevich and Hodgkin Huxley neuron models for image recognition. The former is more biologically accurate than the commonly used integrate and fire neuron model but has similar low computational requirements. Brain scale cortex models tend to use the more biological neuron models. The results of this work show that the Izhikevich model can be used for image recognition and would be a good candidate for a large scale visual cortex model. Neural networks based on these models are developed and applied to character recognition. They were able to identify 48 24times24 images and their noisy versions. The networks were accelerated using modern multicore processors and showed significant speedups. Such processors are likely to be used for developing high performance, large scale implementations of these image recognition networks.
Properties of Closed-Shell, Octahedral, Multiply-Charged Hexafluorometallates MF<sub>6</sub><sup>3-</sup>, M = Sc, Y, La, ZrF<sub>6</sub><sup>2-</sup>, and TaF<sub>6</sub><sup>-</sup> (1996)

Properties of multiply-charged hexafluorometallates MF63-, M = Sc, Y, La, ZrF62-, and TaF6-, have been examined at the SCF, MP2, and Becke3LYP levels of theory using the SBKJ pseudopotentials and extended one-electron basis sets. For MF63-, M = Sc, Y, La, our results suggest a different assignment of vibrational transitions than those quoted by Nakamoto1 and recorded by von Becker et al.2 For the series of isoelectronic complexes, we document that the discrepancy between the theoretical gas phase vibrational frequencies and those measured in condensed phase experiments increases as the Becke3LYP HOMO binding energies become more positive. The frequencies of stretching modes measured in condensed phase experiments are systematically higher than those calculated for the gas phase anions. We suggest that a partial charge transfer from the multiply-charged anions to countercations is responsible for the stiffening of vibrational modes in condensed phase environments. The vertical electron detachment energies were determined at the outer valence Green's function, MP2, and B3LYP levels. The binding energies of hexafluorometallates with respect to the energies of atomic ions were also calculated and only a small contribution of the electron correlation effects was found.
3-D Graphics Modelling of the tRNA-Like 3′-End of Turnip Yellow Mosaic Virus RNA: Structural and Functional Implications (1987)

The tRNA-like structure of the aminoacylatable 3'-end of turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV) RNA was submitted to 3-D graphics modelling. A model of this structure has been inferred previously from both biochemical results and sequence comparisons which presents a new RNA folding feature, the "pseudoknot". It has been verified that this structure can be constructed without compromising accepted RNA stereochemical rules, namely base stacking and preferential 3'-endo sugar pucker. The model has aided interpretation of previous structural mapping experiments using chemical and enzymatic probes, and new accessibilities of residues could be predicted and tested. Pseudoknots have been considered as potential splice sites because they form antiparallel helical segments in a single RNA molecule. We have examined this possibility with the constructed 3-D model and could verify the hypothesis on a structural basis. The model presents a striking similarity with canonical tRNA and allows a valuable comparison between the protection patterns of yeast tRNA(Val) and tRNA-like viral RNA by cognate yeast valyl-tRNA synthetase against structural probes.
<title>New generation of very high repetition rate subnanosecond pulsed UV sources</title> (1999)

We demonstrate a new kind of picosecond laser source in the UV at high repetition rate. This system is based on only passive, compact and simple elements: a microchip laser and a very efficient multipass amplifier both pumped with recently developed high brightness laser diodes. This all- solid-state laser has been optimized for delivering, at a high repetition rate -45 kHz-, sub-nanosecond pulses at the wavelength of 355 nm with an energy per pulse close to 1 (mu) J (or equivalently 38 mW average power). This source is- -to our knowledge--the first totally passive, 300-ps UV laser source at this high repetition rate.
Anti-Reflux Surgery Is Superior to Medical Management in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus with Low-Grade Dysplasia (2007)

Anti-Reflux Surgery Is Superior to Medical Management in Patients with Barrett's Esophagus with Low-Grade Dysplasia
Field H. Winslow (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUETributeNEXTField H. WinslowEdwin A. Chandross and Andrew J. LovingerView Author Information Materials Chemistry LLC Bell Laboratories (retired)Cite this: Macromolecules 2011, 44, 7, 1729–1730Publication Date (Web):March 2, 2011Publication History Published online2 March 2011Published inissue 12 April 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma2003163https://doi.org/10.1021/ma2003163obituaryACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views440Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Macromolecules,Polyethylene,Polymers,Quality management Get e-Alerts
Immunohistochemical Detection of P-glycoprotein in malignant tumors of the head and neck. (1992)

頭頸部領域の悪性腫瘍25例について, 抗癌剤の多剤耐性に関与する膜タンパク質であるP-糖タンパクの発現を免疫組織化学的に検索した。その結果, 悪性線維性組織球腫の1症例では, 化学療法施行後にP-糖タンパクの発現がみられた。また, 腺様嚢胞癌では5例中4例で, 化学療法施行前でもP-糖タンパクの発現がみられ, 本腫瘍の自然多剤耐性に関与している可能性があるものと思われた。以上のことより, 頭頸部領域の悪性腫瘍についてもP-糖タンパクの発現が認められる症例があり, 化学療法に対する感受性との相関が示唆された。
Higher order Laue zone patterns in convergent beam electron diffraction and determinations of local lattice parameters in .ALPHA.- and .ALPHA.2-phases of a Cu-20at%Al alloy. (1989)

In order to clarify the applicability of higher order Laue zone (HOLZ) patterns in convergent beam electron diffraction to the determinations of local lattice distortions in two-phase alloys, we discussed experimental conditions affecting the accuracy, and observed HOLZ patterns of a Cu-20at%Al alloy, in which small particles of α2-phase with one dimensional long period superstructure are precipitated in the matrix of fcc α-phase. It was shown that the accuracy is affected by specimen thickness as well as beam direction, and that lattice parameters along the [100] and [010] axes can be determined from a [114] HOLZ patterm with an error less than one part in a thousand. The [114] HOLZ patterns were obtained both from small regions in α-matrix and α2-particles. Slight changes in lattice parameters were detected as a function of position with a high spatial resolution.
Design and Optimization of Low-Cost Chemical Flooding (1996)

Abstract The main challenge of chemical flooding at the prevailing low oil prices is to reduce the cost. A reservoir simulator was used to systematically study a sandstone reservoir typical of an onshore, light-oil field in the United States that is a candidate for improved oil recovery using chemical flooding. These simulation results were used with an economic model to optimize the design of a chemical flood using surfactant and polymer. Project profitability was found to vary significantly at different surfactant concentrations. The best results were for the case when low concentrations of both surfactant and polymer were simultaneously injected, which is sometimes referred to as low-tension polymer flooding. Sensitivity analysis on the optimum design showed that the most important economics variables were oil price, discount rate, operating cost and chemical prices. Different polymer concentrations, permeability field realizations, and vertical to horizontal permeability ratios were also included in the sensitivity analysis. The benefits of Monte Carlo simulation as a risk assessment technique for surfactant/polymer flooding are demonstrated. Our results show that the process of designing chemical flooding projects can be improved using realistic reservoir simulations, current technologies such as horizontal wells, and an economic approach to optimization.
Spironolactone Preserves Cardiac Norepinephrine Reuptake in Salt-Sensitive Dahl Rats (2006)

An impairment of cardiac norepinephrine (NE) reuptake via the neuronal NE transporter (NET) enhances the effects of increased cardiac NE release in heart failure patients. Increasing evidence suggests that aldosterone and endothelins promote sympathetic overstimulation of failing hearts. Salt-sensitive Dahl rats (DS) fed a high-salt diet developed arterial hypertension and diastolic heart failure as well as elevated plasma levels of endothelin-1 and NE. Cardiac NE reuptake and NET-binding sites, as assessed by clearance of bolus-injected [(3)H]NE in isolated perfused rat hearts and [(3)H]mazindol binding, were reduced. Treatment of DS with the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone preserved the plasma levels of endothelin-1 and NE, cardiac NE reuptake, and myocardial NET density. Moreover, the ventricular function and survival of spironolactone-treated DS were significantly improved compared with untreated DS. The alpha(1)-inhibitor prazosin decreased blood pressure in DS similar to spironolactone treatment, but did not normalize the plasma levels of endothelin-1 and NE, NE reuptake, or ventricular function. In a heart failure-independent model, Wistar rats that were infused with aldosterone and fed a high-salt diet developed impaired cardiac NE reuptake. Treatment of these rats with the endothelin A receptor antagonist darusentan attenuated the impairment of NE reuptake. In conclusion, spironolactone preserves NET-dependent cardiac NE reuptake in salt-dependent heart failure. Evidence is provided that aldosterone inhibits NET function through an interaction with the endothelin system. Selective antagonism of the mineralocorticoid and/or the endothelin A receptor might represent therapeutic principles to prevent cardiac sympathetic overactivity in salt-dependent heart failure.
IPv6 flow handoff in ad hoc wireless networks using mobility prediction (2003)

In an ad hoc wireless network, mobile hosts are acting as routers and the network topology is constantly changing due to node mobility. The disruptions can cause serious degradation for real-time session. This paper describes a new protocol, the flow oriented routing protocol (FORP), for routing real-time IPv6 flows (e.g., voice and data) in highly mobile ad hoc wireless networks. A new concept called "multi-hop handoff" is introduced to anticipate topological changes and perform rerouting, thus limiting the disruption of a flow due to the changing topology. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared to other routing approaches.
How does one determine when thrombolysis is sufficient? (1995)

How does one determine when thrombolysis is sufficient?J J BooksteinAudio Available | Share
Technology on the Trail (2017)

The Technology on the Trail workshop will examine the encroachment of technology into hiking and outdoor adventures, with a focus on identifying and developing ways for technology to support positive and mutually beneficial connections among people. These connections include both intentional ones helpful in collecting scientific data, supporting the environment, maintaining safety, and sharing via social media. We will also explore more opportunistic connections, such as those that are leveraged when tracking and sharing biometric or geotemporal data. With the inclusion of technology in places where it is not used and sometimes not welcome, there will be mismatches of ethics and values that must be considered in the design and use of technology. The workshop will examine existing and emerging challenges of bringing technology onto the trail and reflect on ways to understand, design, and deploy appropriate technological solutions moving forward.
Analog stochastic quantization for a one-dimensional binary alloy (1993)

The technique of analog stochastic quantization (ASQ), originally introduced in relation to the quantum harmonic oscillator, is applied to a more complicated quantum system: namely, a one-dimensional binary alloy. The results from an electronic analog simulator are compared with those obtained from numerical solutions of the Schr\"odinger equation, with which they are shown to be in agreement. It is argued on this basis that the ASQ technique can in principle be applied to one-dimensional quantum systems with arbitrary potentials.
Subject Guides: Civil & Environmental Engineering: Evaluate & Cite (2009)

A brief guide to the Civil & Environmental Engineering resources available at and from the Harold B. Lee Library.
Molecular imaging of angiogenic therapy in peripheral vascular disease with α<sub>ν</sub>β<sub>3</sub>‐integrin‐targeted nanoparticles (2010)

Noninvasive molecular imaging of angiogenesis could play a critical role in the clinical management of peripheral vascular disease patients. The alpha(nu)beta(3)-integrin, a well-established biomarker of neovascular proliferation, is an ideal target for molecular imaging of angiogenesis. This study investigates whether MR molecular imaging with alpha(nu)beta(3)-integrin-targeted perfluorocarbon nanoparticles can detect the neovascular response to angiogenic therapy. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits underwent femoral artery ligation followed by no treatment or angiogenic therapy with dietary L-arginine. MR molecular imaging performed 10 days after vessel ligation revealed increased signal enhancement in L-arginine-treated animals compared to controls. Furthermore, specifically targeted nanoparticles produced two times higher MRI signal enhancement compared to nontargeted particles, demonstrating improved identification of angiogenic vasculature with biomarker targeting. X-ray angiography performed 40 days postligation revealed that L-arginine treatment increased the development of collateral vessels. Histologic staining of muscle capillaries revealed a denser pattern of microvasculature in L-arginine-treated animals, confirming the MR and X-ray imaging results. The clinical application of noninvasive molecular imaging of angiogenesis could lead to earlier and more accurate detection of therapeutic response in peripheral vascular disease patients, enabling individualized optimization for a variety of treatment strategies.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. NEUER SUBSTITUIERTER PHENYLGLYOXALE (1970)

Abstract Ausgehend von den Benzoylchloriden (II) werden durch Acetessigester‐Kondensation die Benzoylacetessigester (I) dargestellt, deren saure Hydrolyse die Acetophenone (IV) liefert; daneben entstehen z.T. entsprechende Benzoylacetone oder ‐essigester.
Intersubband Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility and Electro-Optical Coefficients in Asymmetric Bragg-Confined Coupled Quantum Wells (2000)

The optimization of Bragg-confined double quantum wells with respect to resonant second harmonic generation and electro-optic coefficients is considered. The method of optimization relies on solving a system of nonlinear equations which involve the geometric parameters of the structure and bound state energies. Advantage is taken of the above-the-barrier bound states in Bragg-confined structures, in order to extend the range of allowable incident photon energies. Numerical results are given for Al0.48In0.52As/Ga0.47In0.53As based structure and the incident photon energy ℏω = 240 meV.
Ultra high-gradient energy loss by a pulsed electron beam in a plasma (2002)

The plasma wake-field mechanism can be used to couple energy at a high rate from a bunched electron beam into a plasma wave. We will present results from the Fermilab A0 facility where a beam with an initial energy of 14 MeV passes through the plasma to emerge with a much broader energy spread, spanning from a low of 3 MeV to a high of over 20 MeV. Over the 8 cm length of the 10/sup 14/ cm/sup -3/ plasma, this implies a 140 MeV/m deceleration and 72 MeV/m acceleration gradient.
Gap-state density of lightly P- and B-doped<i>a</i>-Si:H deduced from space-charge-limited photocurrents (1991)

The gap-state density of lightly P- and B-doped a-Si:H has been deduced from space-charge-limited-photocurrent (SCLPC) measurements under blue-light (\ensuremath{\lambda}=450 nm) illumination. The sample structures used (Schottky or back-to-back heterodiodes) completely eliminate the problem of active impurity (P or B) contamination, which could not be excluded in the conventional space-charge-limited-current measurements. First, we discuss the principle of this technique and postulate the conditions for deducing a meaningful expression for the density of states g(E). The validity of the deduced g(E) is experimentally verified. The energy profiles of g(E) for lightly P- [1--10 vppm in the gas phase (vppm=volume parts per million)] and B-doped (3--6 vppm) a-Si:H deduced from SCLPC prove to be qualitatively similar to those deduced from deep-level transient spectroscopy, the constant-photocurrent method, and photothermal deflection spectroscopy; g(E) below (above) the intrinsic Fermi level ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{f}0}$ is much larger than that above (below) it for P- (B-) doped films. However, the energy profile around ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{f}0}$ for 0.5 vppm ${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$-doped films shows a low and almost flat [(3--5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{15}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ ${\mathrm{eV}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$] density of states. This doping-induced modification in g(E) is discussed based on the existing data and models.