gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Repeated Stress in Early Childhood on the Onset of Diabetes Mellitus in Male Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Rats (2008)

Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rats were discovered from SD rats and represent a confirmed spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus model. We investigated the effect of repeated stress in early childhood on SDT rats fed a high-fat diet, on locomotor activity and on the onset of diabetes mellitus. Regarding stress, a water immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) burden was applied 10 times every other day from 4 weeks of age. The results of the study showed, that the locomotor activity of the young SDT rats was clearly lower than that of the SD rats, and their locomotor activity was inferred to be congenitally low. In addition, the stress-burdened SDT rats showed delayed onset of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance compared with the rats not receiving stress burden. The locomotor activity of SDT rats is less than that of SD rats, and they SDT rats are thought to have poor at spontaneous energy expenditure. On the other hand, the feeding efficiency of the WIRS-burdened SDT rats was reduced, and in comparison with the SDT rats with no WIRS burden, energy expenditure was increased; this is suggested to influence the onset of diabetes mellitus.
Radiochemical Separations for the Pretreatment of High-Level Nuclear Waste Solutions at the Savannah River Site (2003)

A significant fraction of the high-level nuclear waste produced from fuel reprocessing operations at the Savannah River Site (SRS) must be pretreated to remove 137Cs, 90Sr and alpha-emitting radionuclides (i.e., actinides) prior to disposal onsite as low level waste. Separation processes planned at the SRS include caustic side solvent extraction for 137Cs and sorption onto monosodium titanate (MST) for 90Sr and alpha-emitters. The predominant alpha-emitting radionuclides in the highly alkaline waste solutions include plutonium isotopes 238Pu, 239Pu and 240Pu. This paper describes the planned Sr/actinide separation process and summarizes recent tests and demonstrations with simulated and actual tank waste solutions.
Lack of effect of exercise training on dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate. (1995)

Although functions of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate ester are unknown, investigators have found an inverse relation between DHEA-sulfate levels and coronary artery disease, suggesting its importance as an inverse coronary risk factor. In previous studies, where behavioral therapy was used to try to reduce stress and social isolation, DHEA levels increased--although other confounding factors, including enhanced physical activity, also were affected. To determine the influence of physical activity alone on plasma DHEA-sulfate levels in patients with coronary artery disease, the authors studied the effects of exercise training by measuring plasma DHEA-sulfate levels and other parameters in 96 patients at baseline and after 12 weeks of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training. They confirmed that DHEA-sulfate levels decreased with age (r = 0.41; P < 0.0001) and that DHEA-sulfate levels correlated with body mass index (r = 0.32; P < 0.001), but not with other baseline risk factors. Exercise training during cardiac rehabilitation resulted in a 43% increase in exercise capacity (P < 0.0001) and was associated with improvement in other cardiac risk factors; however, there were no significant changes in plasma DHEA-sulfate levels (106 +/- 77 micrograms/dL versus 102 +/- 76 micrograms/dL). Although behavior therapy in combination with exercise training was shown to lead to concomitant increases in DHEA-sulfate and physical activity, exercise training alone has no significant impact on DHEA-sulfate, thereby strengthening the suggested role of behavioral changes in modifying this hormone.
Evidence That Interspecies Polymorphism in the Human and Rat Cholecystokinin Receptor-2 Affects Structure of the Binding Site for the Endogenous Agonist Cholecystokinin (2005)

The cholecystokinin (CCK) receptor-2 exerts very important central and peripheral functions by binding the neuropeptides cholecystokinin or gastrin. Because this receptor is a potential therapeutic target, great interest has been devoted to the identification of efficient antagonists. However, interspecies genetic polymorphism that does not alter cholecystokinin-induced signaling was shown to markedly affect activity of synthetic ligands. In this context, precise structural study of the agonist binding site on the human cholecystokinin receptor-2 is a prerequisite to elucidating the molecular basis for its activation and to optimizing properties of synthetic ligands. In this study, using site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling, we delineated the binding site for CCK on the human cholecystokinin receptor-2 by mutating amino acids corresponding to that of the rat homolog. By doing so, we demonstrated that, although resembling that of rat homolog, the human cholecystokinin receptor-2 binding site also displays important distinct structural features that were demonstrated by susceptibility to several point mutations (F120A, Y189A, H207A). Furthermore, docking of CCK in the human and rat cholecystokinin receptor-2, followed by dynamic simulations, allowed us to propose a plausible structural explanation of the experimentally observed difference between rat and human cholecystokinin-2 receptors.
Synthesis of Fullerene‐like Cs<sub>2</sub>O Nanoparticles by Concentrated Sunlight (2006)

Responsive
Psychophysical Experiments on the Legibility of Letters (2000)

The visual information available to us decreases selectively in hightemporal and highspatial frequency domains as viewing conditions change for the worse. Visual displays must therefore be legible in lowvisualacuity conditions and under conditions of short exposure. We ran three psychophysical experiments to evaluate legibility under these conditions, and have come up with several guidelines for display legibility.We measured the minimum visual acuity needed to discriminate letters with the lowpass-filtering method and the multi frame detection task. The first experiment showed the crucial effect of letter size on legibility. The results of the second experiment suggested that the optimal line width may be determined by a critical band of spatial frequency describing the letter shape and the power of a low-spatial frequency. The third experiment showed that background luminance had a significant effect on the discrimination of low-contrast letters. In other words, letter contrast must be about 0.9 in order to avoid the effect of background luminance.
Zooplankton in counts per sample during DIANA cruise 90DI57C0 (2000)

Matishov, Gennady G; Makarevich, Pavel R; Timofeev, Sergey F; Kuznetsov, Leonid L; Druzhkov, Nikolay V; Larionov, Viktor V; Golubev, Valery A; Zuyev, Aleksey N; Denisov, V I; Adrov, Nikolai M; Iliyn, G; Kuznetsov, A; Denisenko, Stanislav G; Savinov, Vladimir M; Shavikyn, A; Smolyar, I V; Levitus, Sydney; O'Brien, Todd; Baranova, Olga K (2000): Zooplankton in counts per sample during DIANA cruise 90DI57C0 [dataset]. Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.827056, In supplement to: Matishov, GG et al. (2000): Biological Atlas of the Arctic Seas 2000: Plankton of the Barents and Kara Seas (in english). International Ocean Atlas Series, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Russia; Ocean Climate Laboratory, NODC/NOAA, USA, 2, 348 pp, hdl:10013/epic.42580.d025
Etude des fragmentations en spectrographie de masse de dithiannes‐1,3 substitués en 2 par des groupements insaturés (1977)

Abstract Les spectres de masse des produits étudiés montrent un ion moléculaire toujours abondant. Certaines fragmentations mettent en jeu la perte du groupement éthylénique; d'autre correspondent à des coupures du cycle dithiannique, suivies éventuellement de recyclisations impliquant la chaine éthylénique et les possibilités de résonance qu'elle permet. La présence d'un noyau phényle dans la chaîne éthylénique modifie les spectres par formation d'un ion benzothiopyrylium très stable.
Epigraph: A Vaccine Design Tool Applied to an HIV Therapeutic Vaccine and a Pan-Filovirus Vaccine (2016)

Epigraph is an efficient graph-based algorithm for designing vaccine antigens to optimize potential T-cell epitope (PTE) coverage. Epigraph vaccine antigens are functionally similar to Mosaic vaccines, which have demonstrated effectiveness in preliminary HIV non-human primate studies. In contrast to the Mosaic algorithm, Epigraph is substantially faster, and in restricted cases, provides a mathematically optimal solution. Epigraph furthermore has new features that enable enhanced vaccine design flexibility. These features include the ability to exclude rare epitopes from a design, to optimize population coverage based on inexact epitope matches, and to apply the code to both aligned and unaligned input sequences. Epigraph was developed to provide practical design solutions for two outstanding vaccine problems. The first of these is a personalized approach to a therapeutic T-cell HIV vaccine that would provide antigens with an excellent match to an individual's infecting strain, intended to contain or clear a chronic infection. The second is a pan-filovirus vaccine, with the potential to protect against all known viruses in the Filoviradae family, including ebolaviruses. A web-based interface to run the Epigraph tool suite is available (http://www.hiv.lanl.gov/content/sequence/EPIGRAPH/epigraph.html).
NEW RESULTS ON ELECTRON EMISSION FROM PZT (1998)

Ferroelectric cathodes may offer a source of high current density electron beams for applications where the use of conventional cathodes is limited by the required current density, cathode poisoning, or lifetime. In a ferroelectric cathode, electrons are emitted when the spontaneous polarization is rapidly changed by a pulsed electric field applied across the ferroelectric. When no additional voltage is applied to a planar diode gap, emission current densities are on the order of w 1 Alcm'. When an additional field is applied to the gap, we have measured current densities of up to 100 Alcm'. In this paper we report on two topics:(l) beam extraction into a drift tube at low (10-20kV ) voltage and, (2) electron emission, transverse to an applied magnetic field, from a cylindrical ferroelectric cathode. In the former case we report on emission of a 20A beam current in a 300ns pulse repetitively pulsed at rates up to a power supply limited - 50Hz. The cathode is located in the fringing region of a 3kG solenoid magnetic field. In the second case we find, at low applied gap voltages, that the magnetic field required to suppress the radial current flow is considerably in excess of that predicted for the applied electric field.
VISA Is Required for B Cell Expression of TLR7 (2011)

B cells play a critical role in the initialization and development of the systemic lupus erythematosus that is dependent on the expression of the endosomal ssRNA receptor TLR7. Previous studies have established that B cell expression of TLR7 is controlled by the type I IFN secreted by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. In this article, we report that VISA, also known as MAVS, IPS-1, and CardIf, essential for RIG-I/MDA5-mediated signaling following sensing of cytosolic RNA, regulate B cell expression of TLR7 and CD23. We found that B cells from a VISA(-/-) mouse express reduced TLR7 but normal basal levels of type I IFN. We also show that although IFN-β and TLR7 agonists synergize to promote TLR7 expression in VISA(-/-) B cells, they do not fully complement the defect seen in VISA(-/-) cells. Cell transfer experiments revealed that the observed effects of VISA(-/-) are B cell intrinsic. The reduced TLR7 expression in B cells is correlated with impaired TLR7 agonist-induced upregulation of activation markers CD69 and CD86, cell proliferation, production of IFN-α, TNF, and IL-12, and NF-κB activation. Finally, studies indicate that genetic background may influence the observed phenotype of our VISA(-/-) mice, because VISA(-/-) B cells differ in CD23 and TLR7 expression when on C57BL/6 versus 129Sv-C57BL/6 background. Thus, our findings suggest an unexpected link between VISA-mediated cytosolic RLR signaling and autoimmunity.
Performance of a plasma flood gun in the medium current ion implanter Exceed200OA (2000)

Device charging problems arise in medium-current ion implantation processes due to the very thin gate oxide thickness and large photo-resist coverage ratio. To compensate the ion beam charge-up a PFG for the hybrid scanning medium current ion implanter Exceed2000A was developed which didn't degrade the dose uniformity (<0.5%), dose shift (<2%), and a metal contamination under a condition with a clamp-less electrostatic chuck. The characteristics of this PFG is evaluated by MOS Capacitor TEG, floating electrode charge sensor and Charm2 wafer, which show good charge compensation performances. The small flow rate of the PFG gas makes it possible to apply a PFG to the medium current ion implanter.
CME: A Temporal Relational Model for Efficient Coalescing (2005)

Coalescing is a data restructuring operation applicable to temporal databases. It merges timestamps of adjacent or overlapping tuples that have identical attribute values. The likelihood that a temporal query employs coalescing is very high. However, coalescing is an expensive and time consuming operation. In this paper, we present a novel temporal relational model through which coalescing becomes quite simple. The basic idea is to augment each time-varying attribute in a temporal relation with two additional attributes that trace changes in values of the corresponding time-varying attribute. One attribute traces changes in values with respect to each individual instance (i.e. tuples having the same key value), while the other attribute traces changes in values globally for all instances (i.e. all tuples in the temporal relation). Using these tracing attributes, coalescing could be easily implemented through a quite simple join-free group-by query. The coalescing query is fully processed and optimized by the underlying database management system.
Evaluating soft error effects using probabilistic testability analysis: a case study (2008)

International audience
Attenuation of homeostatic responses to hypotension and glucoprivation after destruction of catecholaminergic rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons (2006)

This study determined the effect of destruction of rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)-C1 cells on integrated sympathetic and hormonal responses to hypotension or glucoprivation. Injection of anti-dopamine beta-hydroxylase-saporin into the RVLM resulted in 29-99% depletion of RVLM-C1 neurons and approximately 60% reduction in the number of A5 neurons. As in our previous study in unanesthetized rats, resting mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced by approximately 10 mmHg in rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells compared with control rats, although resting heart rate (HR) did not differ significantly. In the present study, resting plasma levels of norepinephrine (NE) did not differ significantly between control rats and rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells, although there was a tendency for RVLM-C1 lesioned rats to have lower levels. Also consistent with our previous study, hydralazine (HDZ)-evoked hypotension resulted in smaller increases in HR and plasma levels of NE in rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells compared with control rats. Furthermore, the elevated plasma levels of posterior pituitary hormones vasopressin and oxytocin evoked by HDZ were blunted in RVLM-C1 lesioned rats compared with control rats, even though MAP fell to lower levels in the lesioned rats. Plasma renin activity, plasma osmolality, and plasma protein concentrations did not differ between control rats and rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 neurons. In response to systemic administration of 2-deoxyglucose, the circulating level of epinephrine and the resulting hyperglycemia were attenuated in rats with >80% depletion of RVLM-C1 cells compared with control rats. These results demonstrate that RVLM-C1 cells, in addition to playing a role in acute cardiovascular reflexes, play an important role in integrated sympathetic and hormonal responses to homeostatic challenges such as hypotension and glucoprivation.
Protein-Resistant Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold with Latent Aldehyde Functions (2007)

In the present study, oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG)-linked alkanethiols were synthesized which carry a vicinal diol on one end of the OEG chain. After self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation on gold, the vicinal diols were converted into aldehyde functions by exposure to aqueous NaIO4, as previously used for SAMs with OEG chains buried in the center of the SAM [Jang et al. Nano Lett. 2003, 3, 691-694]. Mixed SAMs with latent aldehydes on 5% of the OEG termini showed high protein resistance, which greatly slowed the kinetics of protein coupling on the time scale of minutes. Small bioligands (such as biocytin hydrazide) or small heterobifunctional crosslinkers (maleimidopropionyl hydrazide, pyridyldithiopropionyl hydrazide) with hydrazide functions were efficiently bound to the aldehyde functions on the SAM, providing for specific capture of streptavidin or for fast covalent binding of proteins with free thiols or maleimide functions, respectively. In conclusion, OEG-terminated SAMs with latent aldehydes serve as protein-resistant sensor surfaces which are easily functionalized with small ligands or with heterobifunctional crosslinkers to which the bait molecule is attached in a subsequent step.
Scalable software architecture for high performance video codec's on parallel processing engines (2007)

Video algorithm (e.g. H.264, MPEG2/4 etc) requires tremendous amount of computation power and data bandwidth. This complexity depends on encoding vs. decoding mode, video standard, resolution, frame-rate and visual quality constraints. Many video architecture solutions typically use multiple processing elements (e.g. multiple DSPs or MCU, DSP/MCU with dedicated accelerators or FPGA etc) to achieve the high computation requirements for video algorithms. These architectures provide new challenges to video software's that are typically designed to run on a single processor. This paper presents software design for a video architecture using parallel processing elements. This paper explains following aspects in detail a) Software partitioning b) Algorithm specific optimizations c) Processor specific optimizations d) Efficient DMA/Cache usage e) Concurrent scheduling of all parallel processing elements. The given approach is explained with example of MPEG4 encoder on TMS320DM6446, which is Davincitrade family device from Texas Instruments Ltd. The given software architecture is scalable for various video standards (e.g. H.264, MPEG2/4 etc) as well as various parallel processing hardware solutions. The software achieves performance Dl@30 fsp on given device at less than 50% of DSP load.
On the Cell Voltage Decay factor of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell (1998)

It is desirable to establish the acceleration method for phosphoric acid fuel cell durability evaluation in order to promote the PAFC's utilization. Test method may be established through clarifying the mechanisms of deterioration on reaction part of fuel cell. Parametric survay tests were conducted using small size single cells and temperature, current density, pressure were selected as factors which effect on cell voltage deterioration. It was found that the temperature is the key factor which accelerate the cell voltage decay. Fuel cell deterioration's mechanisms and acceleration's factor are described below.
A Case for Fine-Grain Adaptive Cache Coherence (2012)

As transistor density continues to grow geometrically, processor manufacturers are already able to place a hundred cores on a chip (e.g., Tilera TILE-Gx 100), with massive multicore chips on the horizon. Programmers now need to invest more effort in designing software capable of exploiting multicore parallelism. The shared memory paradigm provides a convenient layer of abstraction to the programmer, but will current memory architectures scale to hundreds of cores? This paper directly addresses the question of how to enable scalable memory systems for future multicores. We develop a scalable, efficient shared memory architecture that enables seamless adaptation between private and logically shared caching at the fine granularity of cache lines. Our data-centric approach relies on in hardware runtime profiling of the locality of each cache line and only allows private caching for data blocks with high spatio-temporal locality. This allows us to better exploit on-chip cache capacity and enable low-latency memory access in large-scale multicores.
Apoptosis and T Cell Hyporesponsiveness in Pulmonary Tuberculosis (1999)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-induced T cell responses are depressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of persons with newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and levels of interferon (IFN)-gamma remain low even after completion of antituberculous therapy. Loss of MTB-reactive T cells through apoptotic mechanisms could account for this prolonged T cell hyporesponsiveness. T cell apoptosis was studied in TB patients and healthy control subjects. Both spontaneous and MTB-induced apoptosis (in CD4 and non-CD4 T cells) from TB patients was increased when compared with healthy control subjects, whereas coculture with control antigen (candida) had no effect on T cell apoptosis in either group of study subjects. An inverse correlation existed between increased MTB-induced T cell apoptosis and IFN-gamma and interleukin (IL)-2 immunoreactivities. Successful antituberculous chemotherapy resulted in a 50% reduction in both spontaneous and MTB-induced apoptosis, which coincided with 3- and 8-fold increases in levels of MTB-stimulated IL-2 and IFN-gamma, respectively. These data indicate that apoptotic pathways are operant during active MTB infection and may contribute to deletion of MTB-reactive T cells and the immunopathogenesis of this disease.
A Procedure for Using Multi‐Electrode Information in the Analysis of Components of the Event‐Related Potential: Vector Filter (1989)

This paper describes a procedure, Vector filter, based on a multiple regression model, which decomposes the event-related brain potential into components on the basis of scalp distribution. It is assumed that the voltage values observed at several electrode sites at any point in time are given by the linear combination of a set of components and background noise and that the scalp distribution of each component is invariant and known. Each component's scalp distribution is expressed by a set of weights, one for each electrode. The amplitude of the component, at any point in time, is then derived using a least squares criterion. Unlike other component decomposition procedures, Vector filter can be applied when the latency of a component varies as a function of trial, condition, or subject population. We review two problems in the use of the procedure: the selection of the set of components, and the derivation of the scalp distribution of each of the components. Two applications of the procedure are discussed: identification of the component structure of an event-related potential waveform, and filtering of a waveform for a particular component.
Remodeling of the Calcaneus Apophysis in the Growing Child (1995)

Radiography and computer-aided analysis of tomography of the os calcis in 35 children with Sever's disease and of 52 control children were concurrently evaluated with histologic appearance of six calcanei of victims of road accidents, which were radiographically compatible with the same syndrome. Histology showed abrupt interruption in continuity of the apophysis of perpendicular fibrous plates with evidence of an ongoing reparative process. Computer-aided analysis of orientation of the "fragmentation" lines and histologic data both support the hypothesis of a stress remodeling process owing to excessive bending forces acting on the calcaneal apophysis.