gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anaerobically controlled expression system derived from the arcDABC operon of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: application to lipase production (1996)

The anaerobically inducible arcDABC operon encodes the enzymes of the arginine deiminase pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Upon induction, the arcAB mRNAs and proteins reach high intracellular levels, because of a strong anaerobically controlled promoter and mRNA processing in arcD, leading to stable downstream transcripts. We explored the usefulness of this system for the construction of expression vectors. The lacZ gene of Escherichia coli was expressed to the highest levels when fused close to the arc promoter. Insertion of lacZ further downstream into arcA or arcB did not stabilize the intrinsically unstable lacZ mRNA. On the contrary, lacZ mRNA appeared to be a vulnerable endonuclease target destabilizing arcAB mRNAs in the 5'-to-3' direction in P. aeruginosa. The native arc promoter was modified for optional expression in the -10 sequence and in the -40 region, which is a binding site for the anaerobic regulator ANR. In P. aeruginosa grown either anaerobically or with oxygen limitation in unshaken cultures, this promoter was stronger than the induced tac promoter. The P. aeruginosa lipAH genes, which encode extracellular lipase and lipase foldase, respectively, were fused directly to the modified arc promoter in an IncQ vector plasmid. Semianaerobic static cultures of P. aeruginosa PAO1 carrying this recombinant plasmid overproduced extracellular lipase 30-fold during stationary phase compared with the production by strain PAO1 without the plasmid. Severe oxygen limitation, in contrast, resulted in poor lipase productivity despite effective induction of the ANR-dependent promoter, suggesting that secretion of active lipase is blocked by the absence of oxygen. In conclusion, the modified arc promoter is useful for driving the expression of cloned genes in P. aeruginosa during oxygen-limited growth and stationary phase.
Engineering root microbiomes for healthier crops and soils using beneficial, environmentally safe bacteria (2018)

The Green Revolution developed new crop varieties, which greatly improved food security worldwide. However, the growth of these plants relied heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which have led to an overuse of synthetic fertilizers, insecticides, and herbicides with serious environmental consequences and negative effects on human health. Environmentally friendly plant-growth-promoting methods to replace our current reliance on synthetic chemicals and to develop more sustainable agricultural practices to offset the damage caused by many agrochemicals are proposed herein. The increased use of bioinoculants, which consist of microorganisms that establish synergies with target crops and influence production and yield by enhancing plant growth, controlling disease, and providing critical mineral nutrients, is a potential solution. The microorganisms found in bioinoculants are often bacteria or fungi that reside within either external or internal plant microbiomes. However, before they can be used routinely in agriculture, these microbes must be confirmed as nonpathogenic strains that promote plant growth and survival. In this article, besides describing approaches for discovering plant-growth-promoting bacteria in various environments, including phytomicrobiomes and soils, we also discuss methods to evaluate their safety for the environment and for human health.
Selective Mutistn: A Population‐based Study: A Research Note (1997)

Seven-year-olds to 15-year-olds in 2 school districts of Göteborg, Sweden, were screened for selective mutism by their teachers and follow-up was achieved for a full school year. Three girls and 2 boys met DSM-IV criteria for selective mutism and a further 25 had a combination of shyness and reticence that did not amount to clinical disorder. The rate of typical selective mutism was 18 in 10,000 children. Shyness/reticence occurred in 89 in 10,000 children. Selective mutism was more common than suggested by earlier studies. Teachers of school age children need to be better informed about its existence.
Chemically amplified fullerene resists for e-beam lithography (2008)

The minimum lithographic feature size for microelectronic fabrication continues to shrink, and resist properties are beginning to dominate the achievable resolution. There is a strong need for a high resolution, high sensitivity resist for future nodes that is not met by conventional polymeric resists at this time. Molecular resists, such as fullerene derivatives have the potential for lower LWR and improved resolution, but have typically been insufficiently sensitive to irradiation. Here we present a fullerene based three component chemically amplified resist system with high resolution and sensitivity, and wide process latitude. The sensitivity of this resist is between 5 and 10 μC/cm2 at 20 keV for various combinations of post application bake and post exposure bake conditions. Using 30 keV electron beam exposure, sparse patterns with 12 nm resolution were demonstrated, at a line dose of 300 pC/cm, whilst dense patterns with half-pitch 20 nm were achieved at 200 pC/cm. The LWR for the densely patterned resist (measured at 20 nm half pitch) is ~ 4.4 nm, whilst for the 12 nm sparse feature the measured LWR is ~ 2.5 nm. The etch durability is comparable with commercial novolac resists
Prestack depth migration of primary and surface-related multiple reflections: Part I — Imaging (2007)

Abstract Surface-related multiples (i.e., all seismic waves reflected at the free surface at least once) often severely contaminate seismic recordings. Because conventional imaging techniques require input data that consist of primary reflections only, significant processing effort is commonly dedicated to attenuating multiples prior to migration. On the other hand, surface-related multiples provide additional illumination of the subsurface and, therefore, should not be considered as noise. We present a prestack depth-migration method that allows primary and multiple reflections to be imaged simultaneously. Depth imaging using primary and multiple reflections (DIPMR) involves decomposing the datainto upgoing and downgoing wave constituents, followed by downward extrapolation. Artifacts generated by interference of upgoing and downgoing events not associated with the same subsurface reflection points (crosstalk) are attenuated by using a 2D deconvolution imaging condition. In contrast to existing methods, DIPMR does not require a priori information about the source signature or directivity, because the illuminating source wavefield is extracted directly from the data themselves via the up/down separation. Moreover, there is no need for elimination nor identification of multiples prior to migration. By including surface-related multiples in the imaging procedure, the effective source wavefield is stronger, the spatial aperture is wider, and a higher vertical resolution is enabled through the application of a deconvolution-based imaging condition.
Theoretical and experimental study of bent fully aperiodic large-pitch fibers for enhancing the high-order modes delocalization (2018)

The power scaling of fiber lasers and amplifiers has triggered an extensive development of large-mode area fibers among which the most promising are the distributed mode filtering fibers and the large-pitch fibers. These structures enable for an effective higher-order modes delocalization and subsequently a singlemode emission. An interesting alternative consists in using the fully-aperiodic large-pitch fibers, into which the standard air-silica photonic crystal cladding is replaced by an aperiodic pattern made of solid low-index inclusions cladding. However, in such a structure, the core and the background cladding material surrounding it must have rigorously the same refractive index. Current synthesis processes and measurement techniques offer respectively a maximum resolution of 5×10<sup>-4</sup> and 1×10<sup>-4</sup> while the indexmatching must be as precise as 1×10<sup>-5</sup> . Lately a gain material with a refractive index 1.5×10<sup>-4</sup> higher than that of the background cladding material was fabricated, thus re-confining the first higher-order modes in the core. A numerical study is carried out on the benefit of bending such fully-aperiodic fiber to counteract this phenomenon. Optimized bending axis and radius have been determined. Experiments are done in a laser cavity operating at 1030 nm using an 88cm-long 51μm core diameter ytterbium-doped fiber. Results demonstrate an improvement of the M<sup>2</sup> from 1.7 when the fiber is kept straight to 1.2 when it is bent with a 100 to 60 cm bend radius. These primary results are promising for future power scaling.
Cerebellar infarction resulting from vertebral artery occlusion associated with a Jefferson fracture. (2005)

Neurologic deficit secondary to a Jefferson fracture is rare, as the fracture fragments tend to spread outward. To the authors' knowledge, only five cases of vertebral artery injury associated with C1 fracture have been reported. A 75-year-old man with diffuse spinal hyperostosis hit the top of his head and sustained a Jefferson fracture. The patient presented with vertigo and slurred speech. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated cerebellar infarction, and MR angiography (MRA) showed bilateral vertebral artery occlusion associated with a Jefferson fracture. The patient was placed in a halo vest for a total of 11 weeks and treated with anticoagulant therapy. Vertigo gradually improved, and the patient was able to walk with a cane. Previously slurred speech was completely resolved. This case demonstrates that a Jefferson fracture can cause vertebral artery occlusion, resulting in cerebellar infarction. The clinician should be aware of the possibility and implications of vertebral artery injuries, especially if a fracture involving the foramen transversarium with displacement is documented or if there is a neurologic deficit above the level of injury. Advances in noninvasive imaging such as MRA will facilitate accurate evaluation of these potentially life-threatening vascular injuries.
Enalapril protects mice from pulmonary hypertension by inhibiting TNF-mediated activation of NF-κB and AP-1 (2002)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of treatment with the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril in a mouse model of pulmonary hypertension induced by bleomycin. Bleomycin-induced lung injury in mice is mediated by enhanced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) expression in the lung, which determines the murine strain sensitivity to bleomycin, and murine strains are sensitive (C57BL/6) or resistant (BALB/c). Bleomycin induced significant pulmonary hypertension in C57BL/6, but not in BALB/c, mice; average pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) was 26.4 +/- 2.5 mmHg (P < 0.05) vs. 15.2 +/- 3 mmHg, respectively. Bleomycin treatment induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and activator protein (AP)-1 and enhanced collagen and TNF mRNA expression in the lung of C57BL/6 but not in BALB/c mice. Double TNF receptor-deficient mice (in a C57BL/6 background) that do not activate NF-kappaB or AP-1 in response to bleomycin did not develop bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension (PAP 14 +/- 3 mmHg). Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with enalapril significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the development of pulmonary hypertension after bleomycin exposure. Enalapril treatment inhibited NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation, the enhanced TNF and collagen mRNA expression, and the deposition of collagen in bleomycin-exposed C57BL/6 mice. These results suggest that ACE inhibitor treatment decreases lung injury and the development of pulmonary hypertension in bleomycin-treated mice.
ULTRASONIC AIR-COUPLED INSPECTION OF TEXTILE MATERIALS USING FERROELECTRET-BASED PHASED ARRAYS (2010)

Most common defects in textile manufacturing processes include weaving errors (such as missing threads), oil spots and material inhomogeneities. In this work, we demonstrate the feasibility of using ferroelectret‐based transducers for the inspection of woven material. A linear array of 32 elements was built for this purpose following an easy fabrication procedure recently proposed. Electronic focusing at the textile sample position allowed us to detect weaving errors and oil spots of up to ∼1 mm of width in through transmission mode, at normal incidence and with a good signal‐to‐noise ratio.
Structural characterization of Si<i>n</i>C δ layers embedded in a silicon matrix (1995)

Besides a great variety of carbon-containing atomic complexes and precipitates in crystalline silicon, new ordered silicon–carbon structures have recently been predicted theoretically by ab initio calculations [Rücker, Methfessel, Bugiel, and Osten, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3578 (1994)] to be possible in highly C-doped epitaxial layers. These layers are strain stabilized. Due to the high mismatch in lattice parameters, pseudomorphic growth is restricted to layer thicknesses of some monolayers only. Four-hundred kV high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) has been applied to study the microscopic structure of the SinC layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (001)-oriented silicon substrate. Local ordering of the carbon with a quasiperiodical variation of its distribution over the layer has been observed on HREM micrographs at certain imaging conditions.
Breast milk levels of zinc and ω‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and growth of healthy Chinese infants (2007)

Zinc may be a co-factor and essential for essential fatty acids (EFA) metabolism. Thus suboptimal zinc intake may cause EFA imbalance. Further studies of Chinese rural mother-infant pairs are necessary to determine whether zinc supplementation should be recommended when lactation exceeds 3 months.
Reflector design for an X-band Vlasov antenna (1990)

A technique is described that promises the ability to directly and efficiently radiate high-power microwave energy generated in cylindrically symmetric waveguide modes. A configuration consisting of a circular waveguide radiator and a reflector produces a narrow beam with a gain of 20 dB from a TM/sub 01/ mode input at X-band. An additional reflector can be used to increase gain further. The design proposed by Vlasov (1974) is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Occult Obstructive Uropathy Complicating Crohn's Disease (1970)

Occult obstructive ureteropathy complicating Crohn's disease is reported in six patients. Primary intestinal resection and ureterolysis have been successfully employed in all six patients to achieve uncomplicated urinary tract decompression without morbidity or mortality. This constitutes the first series in which direct operative decompression by ureterolysis has been consistently and successfully employed as the definitive treatment for the periureteric fibrosis complicating Crohn's disease. The detection of ureteral obstruction as a consequence of regional enteritis is an indication for expedient operative treatment of the advanced inflammatory bowel disease and of its ureteral complication.
Hydrocarbon fueled UUV power systems (2003)

Two hydrocarbon fueled internal combustion unmanned undersea vehicles (UUV) power sources incorporating a high-speed turbo-alternator are described, and their performance variation with operating depth and total energy is discussed. Turbine performance data is also discussed. These systems require only the refilling of tanks without disassembly between runs. They have overall system specific energies 3 to 4 times that of silver-zinc batteries.
Modified FSS response from two sided and closelycoupled arrays (1994)

A demonstration is presented of a way in which an affected FSS response can be achieved using a two sided structure of dipole arrays sharing the same dielectric layer. Even with these simple elements the results produced resonances well below the grating lobe region, and consequently the instability of these with oblique agles of incidence (up to 75°) was less than 1%. The key to this work was the high coupling between the arrays that was achieved by a relative displacement.
In vivo time-resolved spectroscopy of the human bronchial early cancer autofluorescence (2009)

Time-resolved measurements of tissue autofluorescence (AF) excited at 405 nm were carried out with an optical-fiber-based spectrometer in the bronchi of 11 patients. The objectives consisted of assessing the lifetime as a new tumor/normal (T/N) tissue contrast parameter and trying to explain the origin of the contrasts observed when using AF-based cancer detection imaging systems. No significant change in the AF lifetimes was found. AF bronchoscopy performed in parallel with an imaging device revealed both intensity and spectral contrasts. Our results suggest that the spectral contrast might be due to an enhanced blood concentration just below the epithelial layers of the lesion. The intensity contrast probably results from the thickening of the epithelium in the lesions. The absence of T/N lifetime contrast indicates that the quenching is not at the origin of the fluorescence intensity and spectral contrasts. These lifetimes (6.9 ns, 2.0 ns, and 0.2 ns) were consistent for all the examined sites. The fact that these lifetimes are the same for different emission domains ranging between 430 and 680 nm indicates that there is probably only one dominant fluorophore involved. The measured lifetimes suggest that this fluorophore is elastin.
Genetic linkage analysis of epidermolysis bullosa dystrophia, Cockayne‐Touraine type (1985)

Genetic linkage relationships between 27 informative marker loci and the locus for epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, Cockayne-Touraine type (EBD-CT), were examined in a single large kindred. Linkage could not be demonstrated to any of the marker loci, further adding to the exclusion map for EBD-CT. The dominant forms of EBD so far delineated by clinical criteria and electron microscopy remain genetically undefined in terms of loci and allelism. Further investigation will be undertaken using restriction fragment length polymorphisms mapped to regions outside the existing exclusion map.
Interleukin-10 Inhibits Interferon-γ–Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Gene Transcription in Human Monocytes (1997)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a potent monocyte regulatory cytokine that inhibits gene expression of proinflammatory mediators. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which IL-10 downregulates expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on the cell surface of normal human monocytes activated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IL-10 inhibition of IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression was apparent as early as 3 hours and was blocked by an anti-IL-10 antibody but not by an isotype-matched control antibody. Northern blot analysis showed that IL-10 reduced the accumulation of ICAM-1 mRNA in IFN-gamma-stimulated monocytes. IL-10 inhibition of ICAM-1 steady-state mRNA was detected at 3 hours and remained at 24 hours. Nuclear run-on transcription assays showed that IL-10 inhibited the rate of IFN-gamma-induced transcription of the ICAM-1 gene, and mRNA stability studies showed that IL-10 did not alter the half-life of IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 message. Thus, IL-10 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced ICAM-1 expression in monocytes primarily at the level of gene transcription. Activation of IFN-gamma-responsive genes requires tyrosine phosphorylation of the transcriptional factor STAT-1alpha (signal transducer and activator of transcription-1alpha). However, IL-10 did not affect IFN-gamma-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT-1alpha or alter STAT-1alpha binding to the IFN-gamma response element (IRE) in the ICAM-1 promoter. Instead, IL-10 prevented IFN-gamma-induced binding activity at the NF-kappaB site of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-responsive NF-kappaB/C-EBP composite element in the ICAM-1 promoter. These data indicate that IL-10 inhibits IFN-gamma-induced transcription of the ICAM-1 gene by a regulatory mechanism that may involve NF-kappaB.
A study of electrical double layer effects in the pretreatment of two‐electrode cells for enzyme electrodes (1994)

Abstract The thermodynamics of the electrode/electrolyte interface have been described for a two‐electrode cell, using a classical Guhemian approach. The description has been related to a two‐electrode cell that frequently is employed for enzyme electrodes. Theoretical considerations of the electrical double layer have been correlated with conditioning pretreatment regimes for the preparation of enzyme electrode cells. Effects of electrolyte composition and effects of concentration have been described. Consequently, improved methodologies have evolved for the pretreatment of pseudo reference/secondary electrodes, allowing the equilibration and subsequent use of sensors within <5 minutes as compared with previous requirements for full equilibration from open circuit.
Inverse Dynamics Analysis of Forearm in CPM (2006)

In the rehabilitation with the continuous passive motion (CPM) device for the upper limb, the musculoskeletal structure of the upper limb has not been clarified. In this paper, we regard the forearm as a skeleton model with an elastokinematic coupling between axial displacement and lateral swaying of the humero-ulnar (elbow) articulation. The solution of the inverse dynamics is obtained by using the geometric constraint, and validity of the inverse dynamics is evaluated by simulation
Outcome of liver transplantation for familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (2003)

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutation in the transthyretin gene. The most common mutation is substitution of valine for methionine at position 30 (MET30). Liver transplantation (LT) is the preferred treatment. After LT, although many patients show stabilization or improvement in the disease, adverse outcomes have been reported in those who have malnutrition, long-standing disease, and non-MET (NMET) mutations at position 30. Our aim is to compare survival and outcome of symptoms associated with FAP after LT in patients with MET30 and NMET30 mutations. Medical records of all patients who underwent LT for amyloidosis at our institution were reviewed to obtain demographic information and clinical features, such as severity of neuropathy, diarrhea, orthostatic hypotension, and posterior wall or ventricle septal thickness before and after LT. Fifteen patients underwent LT for amyloidosis at our institution between 1990 and 2000 (MET30, n = 5; NMET30, n = 7; hereditary amyloidosis, n = 2; primary amyloidosis, AL type, n = 1). Patients with hereditary and primary amyloidosis were excluded from analysis. One- and 3-year survival rates after LT in MET30 patients were 100%. Before LT, five of five patients had sensorimotor neuropathy; five of five patients had diarrhea, and four of five patients had orthostatic hypotension. After LT, improvement or stabilization of neuropathy was seen in two of five patients; of diarrheal symptoms, in three of five patients; and of orthostatic hypotension, in three of four patients. One- and 3-year survival rates after LT in NMET30 patients were 100% and 85.7%, respectively. Before LT, six of seven patients had sensorimotor neuropathy, six of seven patients had diarrhea, and five of seven patients had orthostatic hypotension. After LT in this group, improvement or stabilization of neuropathy was seen in two of six patients; of diarrhea, in six of six patients; and of orthostatic hypotension, in five of five patients. Before LT, posterior wall and/or ventricle septal thickness was increased in two of five MET patients and seven of seven NMET patients. Five of seven NMET30 patients (71.4%) who received a combined liver and heart transplant had stabilization, and two patients in the NMET group and one patient in the MET group had progression of heart disease. Outcomes for LT for patients with FAP with MET or NMET mutations were similar. Earlier LT for patients with FAP with MET30 or NMET30 mutation would improve outcomes after LT.