gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of antibiotics and anti-ulcer agents against <i>Campylobacter pyloridis</i> (1986)

The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of twenty-two antibiotics, in liquid and solid media, and three anti-peptic ulcer drugs in liquid media were determined against twenty isolates of Campylobacter pyloridis. Camp. pyloridis was very susceptible to most antibiotics, more so than Camp. jejuni and Camp. fetus, but was resistant to nalidixic acid. The MIC90 of cimetidine against Camp. pyloridis was 512 mg/l, and of ranitidine was 6400 mg/l. The difference in susceptibility patterns between Camp. pyloridis and other campylobacters may indicate that Camp. pyloridis is not a member of the Campylobacter genus.
pH-sensitive Liposomes for Drug Delivery in Cancer Treatment (2013)

In recent years, liposomes have been employed with growing success as pharmaceutical carriers for antineoplastic drugs. One specific strategy used to enhance in vivo liposome-mediated drug delivery is the improvement of intracytoplasmic delivery. In this context, pH-sensitive liposomes (pHSLip) have been designed to explore the endosomal acidification process, which may lead to a destabilization of the liposomes, followed by a release of their contents into the cell cytoplasm. This review considers the current status of pHSLip development and its applicability in cancer treatment, focusing on the mechanisms of pH sensitivity and liposomal composition of pHSLip. The final section will discuss the application of these formulations in both in vitro and in vivo studies of antitumor efficacy.
Insights from global data for use of rotavirus vaccines in India (2014)

Rotavirus vaccines are being introduced in several low- and middle-income countries across the world with and without support from the GAVI Alliance. India has the highest disease burden of rotavirus based on morbidity and mortality estimates and several indigenous vaccine manufacturers are developing rotavirus vaccines. One candidate has undergone phase III testing and others have completed evaluation in phase II. Global data on licensed vaccine performance in terms of impact on disease, strain diversity, safety and cost-effectiveness has been reviewed to provide a framework for decision making in India.
Detecting When a Monotonically Increasing Mean Has Crossed a Threshold (1999)

For monitoring a sequence of random variables, the cumulative sum (CUSUM) sequential change-point detection scheme has optimality properties if the mean experiences a single, one-time jump increase from one known level to another. However, many monitoring situations are not realistically described by this stylized change-point model. For example, in modeling tool wear, gradual monotonic changes in the mean should be allowed. In this paper, we introduce a model that assumes only that the mean is nondecreasing over time and investigate how to let the process continue as long as its mean is under some specified threshold value, stopping it as soon as possible after the mean exceeds the threshold. We show how to apply the CUSUM and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) to this problem as well as compare these procedures to a repeated generalized likelihood ratio test (GLR) designed specifically for the monotone setting. A simulation study demonstrates that the CUSUM and EWMA, properly applied, perform surprisingly well compared to the GLR test, usually outperforming it. We argue that the CUSUM is the best overall choice.
Automation of Test Cases for Web Applications : Automation of CRM Test Cases (2012)

The main theme of this project was to design a test automation framework for automating web related test cases. Automating test cases designed for testing a web interface provide\na means of improving a software development process by shortening the testing phase in the software development life cycle.\n\nIn this project an existing AutoTester framework and iMacros test automation tools were used. CRM Test Agent was developed to integrate AutoTester to iMacros and to enable the AutoTester, a desktop application testing tool developed in-house, extend its capability to automate also the web related test cases aimed for regression testing. \n\nBy designing the CRM Test Agent framework, it was possible to make the automation process a viable experience. Being able to shorten the time it takes to execute a few sample test runs shows that the automation process helps improve the product testing carried out by enabling software testing engineers finish the regression testing in a short time easily.\nIn the future, the CRM Test Agent as well as the AutoTester application could further be merged together as a single tool which would simplify the work of the test automation process.
On Cyclic Intermediates in Substitution Reactions. III. The Alkaline Hydrolysis of ε-Bromocaproic and ζ-Bromoenanthic Acids (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn Cyclic Intermediates in Substitution Reactions. III. The Alkaline Hydrolysis of ε-Bromocaproic and ζ-Bromoenanthic AcidsHarold W. Heine, Edward Becker, and John F. LaneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 18, 4514–4515Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01114a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01114a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views113Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alone through Widowhood and beyond a Search for Joy Katie Wiebe Alone through Widowhood and beyond a Search for Joy Hodder London 1989 252pp £2.95 0-340-40368-8 (1989)

Alone through Widowhood and beyond a Search for Joy is written by a Christian who is a widow and lives in America. The experiences that she describes apply to all widows and are equally applicable to widows in the United Kingdom. The book should be read widely by men and women who really want to understand how widows react to being alone and how society reacts to them.
A model for polygon similarity estimation (2003)

A model for polygon similarity estimation is presented. The advantages of the model are that it introduces a numerical measure of similarity between two polygons; it can be applied for all polygon forms and any number of vertices; and it gives acceptable intuitively interpreted results even in the cases of great differences in the number of polygon vertices. The model has been tested in a large number of experiments. The discussion is restricted to simple planar polygons, i.e., those polygons whose edges do not intersect themselves and whose vertices are represented by ordered pairs of Cartesian coordinates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison between several criteria for selecting the parameters of hysteretic energy dissipators for seismic protection of steel building structures (2015)

This work deals with seismic protection of steel building structures using hysteretic energy dissipators. The sensitivity of the performance of these systems to the design parameters of the dissipative devices is numerically investigated. Particularly, the influence of the vertical distribution of the yielding forces of the dissipators is deeply examined; two major approaches are compared. Comparison is
established in terms of the response of a 15-story steel building subjected to the Lorca earthquake. Initial results seem to indicate little sensitivity of that response to the design yielding forces of the dissipators.
Overnight audience ratings (2006)

South Africa made the fundamental shift to overnight TAMS audience ratings last month and while advertising agencies, media owners and broadcasters all agree the change was inevitable, there are many practical reasons for the industry's apparent hesitation in embracing the new system.
Multivitamin Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (2007)

These results suggest that regular multivitamin use is not associated with the risk of early or localized prostate cancer. The possibility that men taking high levels of multivitamins along with other supplements have increased risk of advanced and fatal prostate cancers is of concern and merits further evaluation.
Generation and control of thoron emanated from lantern mantles (2009)

This paper describes the performance of a thoron ((220)Rn) flowthrough source made of a commercially available lantern mantle. This (220)Rn source is easy to construct and operate and has a negligible radon ((222)Rn) gas generated when the air was passed through the source. We studied the (220)Rn concentration generated from the lantern mantles in terms of the variability in concentration associated with both the total weight of the lantern mantles used in the source and the air flow rate used in the experimental chamber. We found that the concentration of (220)Rn generated in air ranged from 0.9 to 150 kBq m(-3) and exponentially depended on the absolute humidity. The (220)Rn concentration increased linearly with increasing total weight of the lantern mantles, but variations in the rate of air flow passed through the source had no influence on the observed (220)Rn concentration.
Initial experience with routine administration of etanercept in psoriasis (2006)

Use of etanercept in real practice gives impressive results, but these are generally less favourable than those published in clinical trial reports. This is probably due to the stringent conditions for reimbursement, which select for more treatment-resistant patients. Fatigue as a possible side-effect of etanercept should also be an issue for further investigation. Finally, the BMI does not seem to influence the patients' response to etanercept, although further investigations would be needed to confirm this.
An analytical tool for the evaluation of wind power generation (2011)

Based on a system previously developed for district heating by Gteborg Energi, a tool for monitoring and evaluation of wind power generation has been developed.With the tool it is possible to detect long-term trends of the turbine's performance.Parameters influencing the power generation were identified to be wind speed, wind direction and air density.These were combined to create models which represent historical data from specific wind turbines and can be used as a reference signature.To get the signature independent of air density and comparable, measured data was normalized according to standard IEC 61400-12-1.With the tool, it is possible to add new data and compare it with the reference signature.If new data is deviating more than a specified value from the reference, an alarm is initiated.It was found that a method based on piecewise linear regression with seven pieces could be used to parameterize the data.The method of bins, where average values of power and wind speed in small intervals are interpolated to construct a curve, resulted in an even more accurate representation of the historical data.A third method for parameterization was investigated, polynomial regression.This method, however, returned lower accuracy than the other methods.Three concepts to generate alarms in case of deviating wind-turbine performance were developed.Piecewise linear regression was combined with an alarm concept where alarms are initiated when the present data deviates more than a predefined threshold from the reference signature.Another alternative of parameterization and alarm generation returning satisfying results consists of the method of bins for both parameterization and detection of deviations.For this model, a larger amount of data is needed than for the other models.With all aspect taken into account the recommendation to Gteborg Energi was to apply the piecewise linear regression, 7 pieces, combined with constant limit method for alarm generation.The models were developed using data from Gteborg Energi's wind turbines at Risholmen in the harbour of Gothenburg.These turbines have a rated power of 600 kW and are of the type Vestas V44.
Divergent Efficacy of Antibody to Tumor Necrosis Factor-  in Intravascular and Peritonitis Models of Sepsis (1991)

The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in the lethal consequences of intravascular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Escherichia coli sepsis was compared with that in bacterial peritonitis. Intravenous administration of E. coli LPS or E. coli (live or dead) resulted in large transient increases in serum TNF alpha levels, peaking at 90 min at 10,000-30,000 units/ml. In contrast, the serum TNF alpha response following the induction of bacterial peritonitis was substantially less, peaking at 200-500 units/ml. Sterile peritonitis (essentially nonlethal) and bacterial peritonitis (greater than 60% lethal) elevated TNF alpha levels to 1000-2000 units/lavage within the peritoneal cavity 2 h after challenge. Passive immunization with neutralizing goat anti-TNF alpha IgG improved survival from 8% to 75% in rats administered LPS intravenously but was completely ineffective in protecting rats from lethal E. coli peritonitis. Thus significant differences exist in the role TNF alpha plays in systemic intravascular models of sepsis and bacterial peritonitis.
Rapid melt growth of silicon germanium for heterogeneousintegration on silicon (2011)

Silicon has made modern integrated circuit technology
possible. As MOSFET gate lengths are scaled to 22nm and beyond, it
has become apparent that new materials must be introduced to the
silicon-based CMOS process for improved performance and
functionality. This dissertation begins with a review of the MOSFET
leakage current problem and presents one potential solution:
Band-to-Band Tunneling (BTBT) transistors, which have the potential
for steeper subthreshold slopes because they do not have the
fundamental 'kT/q' limit in the rate at which conventional MOSFETs
can be turned on or off. It is clear that these devices must be
fabricated in materials with smaller bandgaps for improved
performance. Silicon Germanium (SiGe) is one possible material
system that could be used to fabricate enhanced BTBT transistors.
Rapid Melt Growth (RMG) is a technique that has been used to
recrystallize materials on Si substrates. RMG, however, has not
previously been applied to SiGe, a binary alloy with large
separation in the liquidus-solidus curve in its phase diagram. The
development of process and experimental results for obtaining
SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) from bulk Si substrates through RMG are
presented. The theory of RMG is analyzed and compositional profiles
obtained during RMG of SiGe are modeled to understand why we were
able to obtain high quality lateral compositionally graded SGOI
substrates. The success of RMG SiGe suggests that the RMG technique
can also be applied to III-V ternary and quaternary compounds with
similar pseudo-binary phase diagrams. This opens up a wide range of
material possibilities with the potential for novel applications in
heterogeneous integration and 3-D device technology.
The effect of decaying leaves on the ph and buffer capacity of waters (1985)

Abstract Acid rain has become a significant environmental problem in the United States1,2,3,4. The survival of aquatic life depends on the ability of the aquatic's system to withstand acidic rainwater. This in turn is very dependant on the buffer capacity of the system. Understanding the factors that effect buffer capacity would be very valuable in formulating solutions for the protection of aquatic life. The effect of decaying vegetation (leaves) on the buffer capacity of water was studied. The buffer capacity of decaying leaves from oak, pine and cypress trees was studied because they are common in Louisiana and a primary source of leaf litter in local lakes and streams. Results showed that when the leaves decomposed the pH initially decreased but over a period of time the pH and the buffer capacity increased. The increase in pH and buffer capacity depended on the species of leaves studied Indicating that some leaves may be beneficial but others, perhaps pine, aggrevate acidity problems.
Conserving energy with on-demand topology management (2005)

To reduce idle-time energy consumption, nodes in ad hoc networks can switch to a power-save mode. However, since operating all nodes in power-save mode limits network capacity, some nodes may need to stay in active mode to support forwarding. The main challenge of selecting nodes to stay in active mode stems from the need to conserve energy while maintaining communication. Although topology management protocols build a forwarding backbone of active nodes by powering down redundant nodes, such protocols incur proactive backbone maintenance overhead. The reactive approach, on-demand power management, manages node transitions from active to power-save mode based on routing information. However, node transitions are only traffic-driven and may result in keeping redundant nodes awake. To this end, we propose TITAN, which builds a backbone reactively using information about both ongoing communication and the current power-management mode of nodes. The design of TITAN is based on the trade-offs between waking up power-saving nodes on shorter routes and using longer routes that contain active nodes. Simulation results show that TITAN conserves energy while maintaining efficient communication without additional control overhead for topology management
Modeling Forces on the Anterior Cruciate Knee Ligament During Backward Falls While Skiing (1989)

In recent years a dramatic increase has been observed in isolated anterior cruciate knee ligament (ACL) lesions and in knee sprains where the principle injury has been to the ACL. Traditional mechanisms for this type of injury are not, in general, consistent with the type of fall nor do they explain why there should be such an increase in ACL injuries. One new mechanism that has been proposed is the boot-induced anterior drawer. In a fall involving this mechanism, a skier is off-balance posteriorly such that loads are applied to the tail of the ski tending to push it forward and rotate the tip down. The loads are transmitted to the skier through the boot which pushes the tibia anteriorly relative to the femur, thus stressing the ACL. In this work, the loads on the ACL have been modeled during a boot-induced anterior drawer incident. These loads have been shown to increase in the impact phase with increased slope and in the impact and rotation phases with increased boot stiffness in backward lean.
An assessment and comparison of the effects of oxotremorine, D-cyloserine, and bicuculline on delayed matching-to-sample performance in rats. (2000)

The effects of a muscarinic antagonist (scopolamine), a muscarinic agonist (oxotremorine), an agonist at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor site (D-cycloserine), and a GABAa antagonist (bicuculline) on working memory were compared using rats performing a delayed matching-to-sample task. When administered on their own, oxotremorine, D-cycloserine, and bicuculline had no effect on performance in the current task. When administered concurrently with scopolamine, oxotremorine (at 1 dose) and bicuculline (at 2 doses) improved accuracy (in terms of percentage correct) by ameliorating the scopolamine-induced increase in response bias. None of the drugs, however, were successful in ameliorating the scopolamine-induced impairment in bias-free recognition performance per se (as measured by Log d). Therefore, none of the drugs examined were able to fully ameliorate all aspects of the memory impairment caused by scopolamine.
Proximate composition, rheological and sensory qualities of plantain (Musa parasidiaca) flour blanched under three temperature regimes (2011)

The physicochemical, pasting and sensory properties of plantain flour blanched under three temperature regimes were studied. Plantain fruit fingers were washed, hand-peeled and manually sliced into cylindrical pieces of 2 mm thickness. Blanching was carried out on the sliced samples in hot water at 60, 80 and 100°C and dried in the air oven at 65°C (24 h), while the un-blanched sample served as the control. They were milled in a hammer mill, packaged in polyethylene bags and stored in a refrigerator for further analysis. Results of analysis showed that Blanching at 60, 80 and 100°C all had significant lower moisture contents (P 0.05) from each other. On the basis of the pasting properties the peak viscosity was lower for the blanched samples (410.0 and 511.92 RVU) than the control sample (543.42 RVU). The final viscosity was highest for the control un-blanched plantain (UBPco) flour (409.33 RVU), while it ranged between 320.42 and 407.75 RVU for the blanched samples. Blanching resulted in a decrease in the bulk density of the plantain flour. Emulsion capacity decreased from 39.84% for the control sample to a range of 30.45% for sample blanched at 60°C to 17.86% for sample blanched at 100°C. Sample blanched at 60°C was scored best for taste. Samples blanched at 80 and 100°C were rated the best for colour followed by that of control and sample blanched at 60°C. The Control and the sample blanched at 60°C were rated the best in term of texture followed by that blanched at 80°C. These results showed that blanching of plantain before drying into flour had significant improvement on the physicochemical, pasting and sensory qualities of its flour.

	Key words: Plantain, flour, blanching, functional and pasting properties.
Superconductivity, Spin Gaps and Luttinger Liquids in a Class of Cuprates (1993)

A homologous series of cuprates, Srn -1 Cun + 1 O2n, formed by introducing a parallel array of planar defects into the infinite-layer cuprate, SrCuO2, have been reported by Takano et al. In each CuO2 plane line defects consisting of CuO double chains result. An analysis of the electronic properties of such planes demonstrates that the stoichiometric compounds with n = 3, 7, 11,... will be frustrated quantum antiferromagnets and spin liquids. When lightly doped with holes the spin gap will remain and singlet superconductivity should occur on a separate but high temperature scale. This prediction may shed new light on the origin of the separate energy scales for the spin gap and superconductivity in other lightly doped cuprates.
Perception and Prejudice: Race and Politics in the United States (2001)

Based on one of the most extensive scientific surveys of race ever conducted, this book investigates the relationship between racial perceptions and policy choices in America. The contributors - leading scholars in the fields of public opinion, race relations, and political behavior - clarify and explore images of African-Americans that white Americans hold and the complex ways that racial stereotypes shape modern political debates about such issues as affirmative action, housing, welfare, and crime.