gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of exogenous epigallocatechin gallate peracetate in mouse plasma using liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2014)

A robust method for the quantitation of epigallocatechin gallate peracetate in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies is lacking. We have developed a validated method to quantify this compound using liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry with isopropanol and tert-butyl methyl ether (3:10) extraction and thin-layer chromatography purification. The epigallocatechin gallate peracetate-1-(13) C8 isotope was used as an internal standard. The linear range (r(2) > 0.9950) was from 0.05 to 100.00 μg/mL. The lower limit of quantification of the method was 0.05 μg/mL. Reproducibility, coefficient of variation, was between 0.7 and 12.6% (n = 6), accuracy between 83.7 and 104.6% (n = 5), and recovery ranged from 82.4 to 109.0% (n = 4). Ion suppression was approximately 40%. No mass spectral peaks were found to interfere between the standard and internal standard or the blank plasma extracts. Epigallocatechin gallate peracetate in plasma was stably stored at -80°C over three months even after three freeze-thaw cycles. Extracts were stable in the sampler at 4°C for over 48 h. Plasma levels were maintained at 1.36 μg/mL for 360 min after intraorbital intravenous injection at 50 mg/kg in mice. This method can be used to reliably measure epigallocatechin gallate peracetate in plasma for pharmacokinetic studies.
Virtual memory, processes, and sharing in Multics (1967)

The value of a computer system to its users is greatly enhanced if a user can, in a simple and general way, build his work upon procedures developed by others. The attainment of this essential generality requires that a computer system possess the features of equipment-independent addressing, an effectively infinite virtual memory, and provision for the dynamic linking of shared procedure and data objects. The paper explains how these features are realized in the Multics system.
A-4 Amyloid Status Modifies the Association between Subjective Cognitive Decline and Brain MRI Metrics (2021)

Abstract Objective Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a potential precursor to Alzheimer’s disease (ad), has been associated with increased neurodegeneration and cerebrovascular disease longitudinally. However, the impact of amyloid status, an early pathological marker of Alzheimer’s disease (ad) on these longitudinal associations is less clear. Here, we related baseline SCD to longitudinal biomarkers of brain health in the context of amyloid status. Method Participants included 139 non-demented older adults (72 ± 7 years) from the Vanderbilt Memory & Aging Project who completed a SCD questionnaire and fasting lumbar-puncture to quantify amyloid status (defined using published cutoffs of amyloid-beta42 levels) at baseline. 3 T brain-MRI to measure gray and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes was collected at baseline, 18-months, 3-years, and 5-years. Linear mixed effects models assessed if baseline SCD X amyloid status was associated with longitudinal total and lobar grey and white matter volumes, covarying for baseline age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, diagnosis, mood, and apolipoprotein-Ee4 status. Models were also stratified by baseline amyloid status. Results Baseline SCD score and amyloid status interacted with total gray (p = 0.02) and WMH volume (p &lt; 0.05). In stratified models, higher total SCD predicted increased inferior lateral ventricular volume (p &lt; 0.001) among amyloid positive individuals. Conversely, in amyloid negative, greater baseline SCD was associated with increased WMH volumes globally (p = 0.03) and in the frontal and parietal lobes (p-values &lt;0.035). Conclusion In the presence of amyloid, the presence of SCD is predictive of neurodegeneration in ad-specific regions. Conversely, SCD without amyloidosis may reflect a cerebrovascular disease, indicated by WMHs. Results highlight how amyloid status may help delineate etiologies of SCD.
Pulse pressure variability as a predictor of volume responsiveness in patients with sepsis (2000)

Michard et al have found an excellent correlation between pulse pressure variability and the response to fluid challenge in a group of mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis and circulatory failure. Although there is no gold standard for the assessment of volume status, fluid responsiveness is what actually matters, and an increase in cardiac index (CI) of 15% with fluid challenge seems to be an adequate comparison. Pulse pressure variability of 13% allowed for discrimination between responders and nonresponders, with a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 96%. A poor correlation with a commonly used predictor -pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) -is notable. These results need further confirmation, and the test needs defining in other groups of critically ill patients. In mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis, pulse pressure variability (easily obtained from bedside monitoring equipment) can be used as a supplement to clinical examination in the assessment of fluid status and responsiveness. It must be stressed that arrhythmias and spontaneous breathing activity can lead to misinterpretation of respiratory changes in arterial pressure.
Erratum to ''Voltage Balancing Control of Diode-Clamped Multilevel Converters With Passive Front-Ends'' (2009)

In the above titled paper (ibid., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1751-1758, Jul 08), some equations were printed incorrectly. The corrected equations are presented here.
THE OCCURRENCE OF DINOSAURS IN BUSHMANLAND (1915)

(1915). THE OCCURRENCE OF DINOSAURS IN BUSHMANLAND. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa: Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 265-272.
Living cationic polymerization of 2‐adamantyl vinyl ether (2008)

Abstract Living cationic polymerization of 2‐adamantyl vinyl ether (2‐vinyloxytricyclo[3.3.1.1] 3,7 decane; 2‐AdVE) was achieved with the CH 3 CH(OiBu)OCOCH 3 /ethylaluminum sesquichloride/ethyl acetate [CH 3 CH(OiBu)OCOCH 3 /Et 1. 5 AlCl 1. 5 /CH 3 COOEt] initiating system in toluene at 0 °C. The number‐average molecular weights ( M n 's) of the obtained poly(2‐AdVE)s increased in direct proportion to monomer conversion and produced the polymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) ( M w / M n = ∼1.1). When a second monomer feed was added to the almost polymerized reaction mixture, the added monomer was completely consumed and the M n 's of the polymers showed a direct increase against conversion of the added monomer. Block and statistical copolymerization of 2‐AdVE with n ‐butyl vinyl ether (CH 2 CHOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 ; NBVE) were possible via living process based on the same initiating system to give the corresponding copolymers with narrow MWDs. Grass transition temperature ( T g ) and thermal decomposition temperature ( T d ) of the poly(2‐AdVE) (e.g., M n = 22,000, M w / M n = 1.17) were 178 and 323 °C, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 1629–1637, 2008
Soil Water Content by Microwave Drying: A Routing Procedure (1981)

Abstract A routine procedure was established for determining soil water content by microwave drying. The procedure requires small, 20‐gram soil samples heated for a 20‐min period at full power (600 to 650 W) in a household‐type microwave oven. Using this procedure, consistent agreement (within 0.5 wt%) was obtained between microwave and electric oven drying for soil materials ranging from quartz sands to fine silts and clays, with water contents ranging from air‐dry to saturation and with organic matter ranging from 0 to > 20 wt%.
Confirmation of Conversion Factors Relating Exposure and Dose-Equivalent Index Presented in ANSI N13.11 (1979)

Conversion factors relating dose-equivalent index (DEI) and exposure were derived from experimental measurements. Conversion factors for computing both the deep and shallow dose-equivalent indices are presented. These conversion factors were derived for K-fluorescence x-rays with energies less than 100 keV and for National Bureau of Standards (NBS) filtered x-rays with effective energies less than 200 keV. The dose-equivalent measurements were made using a tissue-equivalent phantom with an incorporated extrapolation chamber. The experimentally derived DEI conversion factors were compared with DEI conversion factors presented in draft standard N13.11, July 1978, of the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). Notable differences were found between the conversion factors in ANSI N13.11 and those derived for K-fluorescence x-rays. The conversion factors for NBS filtered x-rays compared somewhat better with the ANSI conversion factors.
Real-time imaging of action potentials in nerves using changes in birefringence (2016)

Polarized light can be used to measure the electrical activity associated with action potential propagation in nerves, as manifested in simultaneous dynamic changes in their intrinsic optical birefringence. These signals may serve as a tool for minimally invasive neuroimaging in various types of neuroscience research, including the study of neuronal activation patterns with high spatiotemporal resolution. A fast linear photodiode array was used to image propagating action potentials in an excised portion of the lobster walking leg nerve. We show that the crossed-polarized signal (XPS) can be reliably imaged over a ≥2 cm span in our custom nerve chamber, by averaging multiple-stimulation signals, and also in single-scan real-time "movies". This demonstration paves the way toward utilizing changes in the optical birefringence to image more complex neuronal activity in nerve fibers and other organized neuronal tissue.
Age at Vaccination and Timing of Infection Do Not Alter Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Influenza A Virus-Infected Pigs (2016)

Whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines are widely used in the swine industry to reduce clinical disease against homologous influenza A virus (IAV) infection. In pigs experimentally challenged with antigenically distinct heterologous IAV of the same hemagglutinin subtype, WIV vaccinates have been shown to develop vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). We evaluated the impact of vaccine valency, age at vaccination, and duration between vaccination and challenge on the development of VAERD using vaccine containing δ1-H1N2 and challenge with pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus. Pigs were vaccinated with monovalent WIV MN08 (δ1-H1N2) and bivalent (δ1-H1N2-H3N2 or δ1-H1N2-pH1N1) vaccines and then were challenged with pH1N1 at 3 weeks postboost (wpb). Another group was vaccinated with the same monovalent WIV and challenged at 6 wpb to determine if the time postvaccination plays a role in the development of VAERD. In a follow-up study, the impact of age of first WIV vaccination (at 4 versus 9 weeks of age) with a boost 3 weeks later (at 7 versus 12 weeks of age) was evaluated. A monovalent live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccine administered at 4 and 7 weeks of age was also included. All mismatched WIV groups had significantly higher lung lesions than the LAIV, bivalent MN08-CA09, and control groups. Age of first vaccination or length of time between booster dose and subsequent challenge did not alter the development of VAERD in WIV-vaccinated pigs. Importantly, the mismatched component of the bivalent MN08-CA09 WIV did not override the protective effect of the matched vaccine component.
Effect of ethanol on acoustic startle response and cerebellar cyclic GMP level: interaction with pilocarpine and atropine. (1979)

The Assistant Secretary of Theodore Roosevelt acknowledges W. T. Dobson's letter and regrets that Roosevelt cannot personally respond.
Active‐Metal Template Synthesis of a Molecular Trefoil Knot (2011)

Tying the knot: The marriage of catalysis and coordination chemistry enables two CuI ions (red; see picture) to work in partnership for the synthesis of a molecular trefoil knot. One ion entangles an acyclic building block to create a loop in the ligand, and the other gathers the ligand's reactive end-groups, threads the loop, and catalyzes the covalent capture of the knotted architecture by an alkyne–azide “click” reaction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Imaging proteins <i>in vivo</i> using fluorescence lifetime microscopy (2007)

Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) represents a key optical technique for imaging proteins and protein interaction in vivo. We review the principles and recent advances in the application of the technique, instrumentation and molecular probe development.
Microstructural Characterization and Temperature Analysis in Friction Stir Welding of A383/5052 Dissimilar Aluminum Alloys (2007)

Microstructural characterization and temperature analysis have been performed in friction stir welding (FSW) of A383 and 5052 dissimilar aluminum alloys. Marked difference in microstructure was observed between joints with different arrangements of materials. The temperature at four points on each side of the joint line was measured during FSW in various conditions. In addition, an analytical model assumed that the work generated by the rotation of the tool led to the work for stirring materials and heat generation of the material and the tool. The temperature of the retreating side (RS) for the joint of the advancing side (AS):A383/RS:5052 was about 50K higher than that of AS, while the temperatures of AS and RS for the joint of AS:5052/RS:A383 were almost the same. The experimental temperature could be calculated reasonably by using the model with assumption of the work for stirring the material.
A New Class of Particle Filters for Random Dynamic Systems with Unknown Statistics (2004)

In recent years, particle filtering has become a powerful tool for tracking signals and time-varying parameters of random dynamic systems. These methods require a mathematical representation of the dynamics of the system evolution, together with assumptions of probabilistic models. In this paper, we present a new class of particle filtering methods that do not assume explicit mathematical forms of the probability distributions of the noise in the system. As a consequence, the proposed techniques are simpler, more robust, and more flexible than standard particle filters. Apart from the theoretical development of specific methods in the new class, we provide computer simulation results that demonstrate the performance of the algorithms in the problem of autonomous positioning of a vehicle in a -dimensional space.
Design of two-stranded and three-stranded coiled-coil peptides (1995)

The structural features required for the formation of two- versus three-stranded coiled coils have been explored using de novo protein design. Peptides with leucine at the 'a' and 'd' positions of a coiled-coil (general sequence: Leua Xaab Xaac Leud Glue Xaaf Lysg) exist in a non-cooperative equilibrium between unstructured monomers and helical dimers and helical trimers. Substituting valine into each 'a' position produces peptides which still form trimers at high concentrations, whereas substitution of a single asparagine at the 'a' position of the third heptad yields a dimer. During the course of this work, we also re-investigated a helical propensity scale derived using a series of coiled-coil peptides previously believed to exist in a monomer-dimer equilibrium (O'Neil & DeGrado 1990). Detailed analysis of the concentration dependence of ellipticity at 222 nm reveals that they exist in a non-cooperative monomer-dimer-trimer equilibrium. However, the concentration of trimer near the midpoint of the concentration-dependent transition is small, so the previously determined values of delta delta G alpha using the approximate monomer-dimer scheme are indistinguishable from the values obtained employing the complete monomer-dimer-trimer equilibrium.
ANALYSIS OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE KINEMATIC EQUATIONS INTEGRATION ALGORITHMS (2010)

The integration algorithms of UAVs’ rotational and translational motions using quaternions have been analyzed and the correspondent software in MATLAB has been developed. The proposed algorithms verification has been performed with using reference data at different sampling frequencies and under different conditions of UAV dynamics.
Permeability and Magnetic Properties of Ferromagnetic NiFe/FeCoBSi Bilayers for High-Frequency Applications (2007)

In order to adjust the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency of thin NiFe films, ferromagnetic polycrystalline/amorphous NiFe/FeCoBSi bilayers using radio frequency magnetron sputtering were produced. Herein, the higher anisotropy field H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> of a ferromagnetic FeCoBSi was used to shift the FMR-frequency of the bilayer. Static and dynamic magnetic properties of the films were investigated by quasi-static magnetometry and by high frequency permeability measurements, respectively. The dynamic anisotropy field H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> dyn calculated from the FMR frequency of a single 100-nm NiFe-layer is shifted from mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> dyn=0.5 mT to mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> dyn=2.8 mT in a FeCoBSi(80 nm)/NiFe(20 nm) bilayer; whereas, the FMR frequency is congruently enhanced from 0.9 to 2.0 GHz. The permeability decreased from mu=2000 to mu=500. A linear dependence for the adjustment of the relevant magnetic parameters with NiFe:FeCoBSi ratio is demonstrated, opening the possibility to individually tailor magnetic properties of magnetic films for high-frequency applications
ChemInform Abstract: Reusable Copper‐Aluminum Hydrotalcite/rac‐BINOL System for Room Temperature Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Diel Flight Activity of Migrating Alfalfa Weevils, Hypera postica (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1 (1965)

Data from flight traps and 5-minute counts of weevils observed in flight indicated that most alfalfa weevils, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), flew between 5 and 11 PM (especially 6:30–8:30 PM), very few between 11 PM and 9 AM, and some between 9 AM and 5 PM. At any given moment, the accuracy of the flight-trap method as an estimator of the density of flight was highly dependent on wind speed, though over a period of several hours it gave about the same results as the flight-count method. Pre- and post- take-off behavior of the weevil was like that of other migrating insects. Adults ascended to plant tips, the site of feeding as well as take-off, earlier on evenings when large numbers flew and later on evenings when there was little or no flight. The factor most strongly influencing flight activity was light intensity. A decrease in light, rather than a certain low threshold value of light, seemed to initiate flight, but only after the condition of sufficiently high temperature had been satisfied. In most fields, substantial afternoon flight occurred only if lower light intensity was accompanied by sufficiently high relative humidity. However, sudden removal of the alfalfa, as in harvest, created conditions so unfavorable to the weevil that (soil temperatures permitting) large numbers flew, irrespective of light intensity.
Approximating non-spherical singularities as spherical singularities for objects at an interface between two layers (2016)

A mathematical approach to evaluate the singularity present in the dyadic Green function for objects close to an interface is presented in this paper. This approach results in a spherically symmetric expression for the off-diagonal singular terms of the dyadic Green function. The main advantage is that the singularity no longer depends on the orientation of the RWG functions, and therefore only a uniform singularity needs to be extracted and evaluated. As a result, the implementation of this approach is more flexible, and also reduces the required coding effort.
Combining Standard Feedback Controllers with Feedforward Blade Pitch Control for Load Mitigation in Wind Turbines (2010)

Combined feedback/feedforward blade pitch control is compared to industry standard feedback control when simulated in realistic turbulent winds. The feedforward controllers are designed to reduce fatigue loads, increasing turbine lifetime and therefore reducing the cost of energy. Various collective pitch and individual pitch versions of two feedforward designs are studied: Gain-Scheduled Model-Inverse and Gain-Scheduled Shaped Compensator. The input to the feedforward controller is a measurement of incoming wind speed, which could potentially be provided by LIDAR. Three of the designs reduce structural loading compared to standard feedback control, without reducing power production.
<title>Model-Based Restoration Procedure For Small, Low-Resolution Optical Images</title> (1983)

A deterministic model-based restoration procedure is presented. The algorithm is effective for the restoration of coarsely sampled images degraded by diffraction and noise. The a priori information, an assumed parametric object model, is used to arrive at the solution. The object model is convolved with the optical system and sensing mechanism degradations and then matched against the limited number of available samples. The unknown parameters are then estimated using a numerical least mean square error optimization procedure. The method has been tested with a double delta function model via digital simulations. A zero-mean additive white Gaussian background noise process was assumed. The technique requires high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to resolve the doublet with a separation distance smaller than the detector width. With increasing separation, good restoration can be achieved at low SNR. The procedure is applicable to restore generalized objects.