gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency responsive wind plant controls: Impacts on grid performance (2011)

Grid integration of wind power plants is complicated by a number of issues, primarily related to wind variability and the electrical characteristics of wind generators. Frequency control is a particularly significant issue with high levels of wind and solar penetration. A typical wind plant appears to the grid as a substantially different generation source than a conventional power plant. A significant difference is that the wind energy source is inherently uncontrollable. In addition, the electrical characteristics of wind generators result in a disturbance response that is naturally different from that of conventional synchronous generators. Without special controls, a wind plant does not inherently participate in the regulation of grid frequency as do synchronous machines. And, when wind generation displaces conventional synchronous generation, the burden of frequency regulation placed upon the remaining synchronous generators is increased. The paper summarizes results from a recent investigation of system frequency response in the Western US as it may be affected by large amounts of wind generation. Impacts and benefits of wind plant controls that provide frequency response are illustrated with quantitative examples. Both inertial and primary frequency response behaviors are examined.
Artful Inquiry: A Symbolic Constructivist Approach to Social Science Research (1996)

This article introduces symbolic constructivism, a qualitative research approach that uses artlike, nonroutine portrayal (e.g., sculpture, photographs, drawings, dramatization, etc.) to elicit, challenge, and shift existing sense-making frameworks. Unlike art-based methods that rely on expert interpretation, symbolic constructivism stresses the development of intersubjective understanding; researcher and respondent interpretations interact to create multiple forms of meaning. After introducing the approach and discussing its connections to other informing frameworks (notably symbolist thought, constructivism, hermeneutics, art therapy, and visual sociology), some methodological guidelines are developed that revolve around the kinds and degrees of change sought by inquiring parties.
Structural Materials for Nuclear Power Plants (1974)

Abstract Commercial ferritic and austenitic steels are the predominant materials used in both fossil and nuclear power plants; the significant difference in nuclear plants is the exposure to neutron fluence. Three aspects of material behavior are reviewed: (1) the role of residual elements on radiation damage of steels used for water reactor pressure vessels, (2) influence of neutron-gamma flux and water reactor coolant on stress corrosion, and (3) neutron-induced swelling and void formation in austenitic stainless steels in fast reactors.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐SUBSTITUTED MALEAMIC ACIDS AS POTENTIAL HYPOCHOLESTEREMICS (1974)

Abstract Zur späteren Untersuchung auf ihre hypocholesterinämischen Eigenschaften hin wurden die Maleinsäureamide (Ia) (neu) und (Ib) (schon bekannt) durch Aminolyse von Maleinsäureanhydrid mit den betreffenden Aminen in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel (Wasser, Eisessig, Äthanol u. a.) dargestellt.
Deadenylation of cytoplasmic mRNA by the mammalian Ccr4–Not complex (2012)

The Ccr4-Not complex is one of the major deadenylase factors present in eukaryotic cells. This multi-subunit protein complex is composed of at least seven stably associated subunits in mammalian cells including two enzymatic deadenylase subunits: one DEDD (Asp-Glu-Asp-Asp)-type deadenylase (either CNOT7/human Caf1/Caf1a or CNOT8/human Pop2/Caf1b/Calif) and one EEP (endonuclease-exonuclease-phosphatase)-type enzyme (either CNOT6/human Ccr4/Ccr4a or CNOT6L/human Ccr4-like/Ccr4b). Here, the role of the human Ccr4-Not complex in cytoplasmic deadenylation of mRNA is discussed, including the mechanism of its recruitment to mRNA and the role of the BTG/Tob proteins.
Characteristics of a new class of diode-switched integrated antenna phase shifter (1983)

The effectiveness and bandwidth of a new class of diode-switched integrated antenna phase shifter are examined. A well-known example of this type of antenna is the "spiraphase." The operation of this type of antenna is found to be for circular polarization only. When used as a reflecting element, the effectiveness of the antenna is not broadband. A much wider bandwidth is expected by using this antenna as a direct radiating device.
Electroless Ni-Cu-P barrier between Si/Ti/Al pad and Sn-Pb flip-chip solder bumps (2001)

This work investigates the barrier effect of the electroless Ni-Cu-P deposit between Al conductor and Sn-Pb solder bump, as well as the interfacial reaction with the Sn-Pb solder. For the Ni-Cu-P/63Sn-37Pb system, a (Ni, Cu)/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/ compound with three different morphologies: fine-grain, whisker, and polygon are formed at the Ni-Cu-P/63Sn-37Pb interface after reflow at 220/spl deg/C for 15 s. These (Ni, Cu)/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/ crystals transform into polygon shape with smooth appearance during 150/spl deg/C aging. For the Ni-Cu-P/95Pb-5Sn system, equiaxial (Ni, Cu)/sub 3/Sn/sub 4/ crystals are formed at the Ni-Cu-P/95Pb-5Sn interface after reflow at 350/spl deg/C for 15 s, and they also transform into polygon shape during 150/spl deg/C aging. In addition, the Ni-Cu-P deposit will crystallize to form Ni/sub 5/ P/sub 2/ during 350/spl deg/C reflow. The growth of the (Ni, Cu)/sub 3/ Sn/sub 4/ compound by solid state reaction is a diffusion controlled process for both Ni-Cu-P/63Sn-37Pb and Ni-Cu-P/95Pb-5Sn systems. A 4 /spl mu/m Ni-Cu-P deposit can provide adequate barrier function between an Al conductor and two Sn-Pb solders under 150/spl deg/C aging for 1000 h.
Matching segments in stereoscopic vision (2001)

We have shown that it's possible to realize a stereoscopic sensor with poor cameras. We developed image processing that is robust and allows us to quickly obtain results for the matching algorithm. We computed an important number of features on each segment, and with these features, we built 16-component vector used in the classification step. After an exhaustive study, we decided to combine two methods, Bayesian and neural, to construct an efficient classifier. The tests for indoor images had better than 90% good matching. With segment couples, it is possible to compute the 3D coordinates of the objects. Therefore, the mobile robot is able to localize and move about in the environment.
Co-expression of glutathione S-transferase with methionine aminopeptidase: a system of producing enriched N-terminal processed proteins in Escherichia coli (1999)

We describe here an Escherichia coli expression system that produces recombinant proteins enriched in the N-terminal processed form, by using glutathione S-transferase cGSTM1-1 and rGSTT1-1 as models, where c and r refer to chick and rat respectively. Approximately 90% of the cGSTM1-1 or rGSTT1-1 overexpressed in E. coli under the control of a phoA promoter retained the initiator methionine residue that was absent from the mature isoenzymes isolated from tissues. The amount of initiator methionine was decreased to 40% of the expressed cGSTM1-1 when the isoenzyme was co-expressed with an exogenous methionine aminopeptidase gene under the control of a separate phoA promoter. The recombinant proteins expressed were mainly methionine aminopeptidase. The yield of cGSTM1-1 was decreased to 10% of that expressed in the absence of the exogenous methionine aminopeptidase gene. By replacing the phoA with its natural promoter, the expression of methionine aminopeptidase decreased drastically. The yield of the co-expressed cGSTM1-1 was approx. 60% of that in the absence of the exogenous methionine aminopeptidase gene; approx. 65% of the initiator methionine residues were removed from the enzyme. Under similar conditions, N-terminal processing was observed in approx. 70% of the recombinant rGSTT1-1 expressed. By increasing the concentration of phosphate in the growth medium, the amount of initiator methionine on cGSTM1-1 was decreased to 14% of the overexpressed isoenzymes, whereas no further improvement could be observed for rGSTT1-1. The initiator methionine residue does not affect the enzymic activities of either cGSTM1-1 or rGSTT1-1. However, the epoxidase activity and the 4-nitrobenzyl chloride-conjugating activity of the purified recombinant rGSTT1-1 are markedly higher that those reported recently for the same isoenzyme isolated from rat livers.
Integrity monitoring of Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Navigation System integrated navigation system based on dynamic fading filter optimisation (2021)

Abstract In the application of integrity monitoring of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Inertial Navigation System integrated navigation system in complex environments, such as vegetation covered areas, the Kalman filtering (KF) has the disadvantages of low positioning precision, poor performance of fault identification and error bounds. This study proposes an integrity monitoring method based on dynamic fading filter optimisation. According to the real‐time updates of filtering innovation, a fading filtering algorithm is designed, which can adjust the fading factor dynamically. The dynamic fading filtering algorithm is then combined with the fault identification algorithm, which integrates chi‐square and multiple solution separation. An optimisation strategy of setting a fading period to speed up the filter convergence is proposed. The simulation results show that compared with the KF, the dynamic fading filtering reduces the standard deviations of positioning errors by 26%, 39%, and 26%, respectively, in the east, north and up directions. By reducing the filter convergence period, the proposed dynamic fading filtering can enhance the accuracy of the identification results when the subsequent GNSS fault is minor. It can shorten the identification time to about 20% when the subsequent fault is large. The dynamic fading filtering can also limit the state errors below the bounds correctly.
Tuning N-methyl-<scp>d</scp>-glucamine density in a new radiation grafted poly(vinyl benzyl chloride)/nylon-6 fibrous boron-selective adsorbent using the response surface method (2015)

A new adsorbent containing boron-selective groups was prepared by radiation-induced grafting of vinyl benzyl chloride (VBC) onto nylon-6 fibers followed by functionalisation with<italic>N</italic>-methyl-<sc>d</sc>-glucamine (NMDG).
Video watermarking technique for H.264/AVC (2012)

Since digital video data can be easily manipulated, the importance of video authentication is increasing. We propose a watermarking technique that is simple to implement, yet quite effective for H.264/AVC. The proposed watermarking scheme inserts a watermark bit on the motion vectors for inter-coded macroblocks or on the mode number for intra-coded macroblocks. A scheme to watermark skipped macroblocks, which are vulnerable to forgery, is also proposed. The new watermarking scheme shows high watermark payload with small image quality and compression power degradation. The run-time increase for software implementation and design overhead for hardware implementation, of the proposed watermark, are very low due to the simplicity of the algorithm.
Alive and kicking (2013)

An overseas package holiday is a high-value purchase and a unique and complex service product with a fragmented experience, which can take place for several months or more. There is a gap in the experience literature on overseas package holidays, despite the fact that this industry generates approximately one third of all trips and expenditure in the United Kingdom. This article aims to increase the understanding of this service product and critically evaluate the consumer experience. The authors focus on ‘grey’ consumers who form a market segment that is growing in size and extremely important in the travel industry. However, it has been neglected in consumer behaviour literature that explores the experiential aspects of extended service encounters. Template analysis is used to identify six key categories that contribute to the package holiday experience of UK grey consumers holidaying in Tenerife. The six categories are the preholiday experience, travel and transit experience, self-made experience, provided experience, satisfaction, and loyalty. The grey market for package holidays is alive and kicking with many greys seeking fun, entertainment, enjoyment, and active participation in activities and meeting other guests. Undoubtedly, the Thomson Gold model, which disallows stays by those younger than 16 years, is highly suited to the needs of this market. The security and consumer protection offered by package holidays is highly important to these consumers who appear satisfied with the quality of their experience, which leads to exceptionally high levels of loyalty and repeat visits.
A fine-grain partial MAC virtualization to support cross layer design in wireless ad hoc networks (2014)

Cross layer approach is a promising technology to satisfy applications' fastidious requirements and maximize the wireless channel usage in wireless ad hoc networks. Existing cross layer architecture either adopts a specific MAC for an application type or does not change the MAC behavior because the MAC is commonly used for all types of applications in a node. MAC virtualization is an appropriate method to associate the MAC behavior with a specific application's requirement without impacting on other types of application. In this paper, we propose a partial MAC virtualization to support cross layer design in wireless ad hoc networks. In the proposed scheme, a MAC scheme is divided into a set of controllable condition variables and common MAC executor. A MAC control manager generates a virtual MAC with a set of controllable condition variables and related state variables. This paper also proposes an interface through which an application or an agent of the application can control the MAC for its own purpose, which allows a cross-layer mechanism for each application in a node. We show the feasibility of the proposed scheme by an example and experiments.
Abdominal Ultrasound (2002)

Mike Stocksley moved from a career in clinical ultrasound to teaching and is now senior lecturer in the Faculty of Health at South Bank University. His background as an educator is readily apparent in this excellent book which for him was clearly a labour of love.

Despite the increasing complexity of investigations available, ultrasound remains an important tool in the investigation of abdominal pathology. Its ready availability and resulting popularity do not however imply that it is a straightforward or simple skill. It is probably the most operator dependent imaging modality, and mastery of the underlying concepts, proper performance …
Describing function analysis of the electric nonlinear model of a SRM autonomous AC generator (2008)

This paper focuses on the Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) used as self-excited generator. The phase inductance resonates autonomously with an external capacitor parallel connected producing an AC voltage almost sinusoidal. Although the voltage quality is not good enough to be directly connected the network utility it is able to be used as a battery charger in isolated locations. As the machine shows a nonlinear relationship among current, flux and angular position, the system equations are nonlinear therefore, analytical solutions describing its behaviour can not be found. However, it is shown that the system follows a known nonlinear second order equation describing mechanical systems. This experience is transferred to gain insight in this application. It is shown that the steady state can be identified as a limit cycle whose main variables are derived. The analysis procedure followed is known as the describing function method. It is an extended version of the frequency response method, and can be used to approximately analyze and predict nonlinear behaviour. The main use of describing function method is for the prediction of limit cycles in nonlinear systems. A simulated example is developed to illustrate the method and to derive the relationship among the electrical variables, useful for design purposes.
Low frequency geomagnetic fluctuations (0.025 to 20 Hz) on the floor of Monterey Bay (1981)

Two coil antennas consisting of 5460 turns of copper wire were utilized to measure the vertical component and a horizontal component of the fluctuations of the geomagnetic field on the floor of Monterey Bay at a depth of approximately seventy meters. The results indicate that the power spectral density of the fluctuations varies from 1.6 x 10 nT /Hz at 0.01 Hz to 8 x lO" 8 nT2 /Hz at 20 Hz for the horizontal component and from 3.2 x 10 2 nT2 /Hz at 0.01 Hz to 6.3 x 10' s nT2 /Hz at 20 Hz for the vertical. Both components exhibit a monotonic decrease of about 20 dB/decade as the frequency increases, except in the 8-20 Hz region in which the Schumann resonances occur. Measurements of the power spectral density for the vertical component show relatively small excursions from average measurements as a function of wave action, while the horizontal power spectral density varies greatly throughout the day and as a function of seawater motions.
C. F. Evans (1977)

wo substantial series of lectures, hitherto unpublished, on 'The Passion of Christ' and 'The Christian: Past, Present and Future', make up the bulk of this collection. The first examines in detail the different theological portraits presented by the final chapters of the four gospels; the second discusses the significance of Christian tradition, experience and future expectation. There are also studies on 'Parable and Dogma', 'Christology and Theology' and hermeneutics, together with the famous lecture 'Queen or Cinderella', on the place of theology in relation to modern knowledge.
Thiazolidinedione‐Induced Edema (2002)

Edema is an adverse event associated with thiazolidinedione therapy The potential for mild-to-moderate peripheral edema with thiazolidinedione is known, especially in patients who have heart failure or use insulin. Our experience reveals that patients who do not have heart failure or do not use insulin also can develop moderate-to-severe edema that necessitates discontinuation of the thiazolidinedione. A 77-year-old man developed ankle, hand, and facial swelling 2 weeks after starting rosiglitazone. After discontinuing the drug, his edema resolved. A 75-year-old man developed bilateral lower leg edema 6 months after switching from troglitazone to pioglitazone. He was hospitalized for 51 days and, after aggressive diuresis and discontinuation of pioglitazone, was discharged with a weight loss of 30 pounds. A 53-year-old man developed lower leg edema 4 weeks after rosiglitazone was increased from 4 mg once/day to 4 mg twice/day. Rosiglitazone was discontinued and the edema resolved. Until the mechanism of action responsible for fluid overload is known, we suggest that thiazolidinediones be administered with caution in all patients.
The Properties of Laser Annealed Dielectric Films (1988)

The annealing of dielectric thin film coatings has been explored in an attempt to identify the potential benefits of this method of post deposition treatment. Single layer coatings fabricated using several different deposition techniques were annealed and subsequently characterized. All properties so determined evidenced substantial changes as a result of the annealing process. Film microstructure, optical absorption levels, and laser damage thresholds varied considerably with annealing power levels. Although oven annealing is known to improve the performance of certain types of multilayer films, significant improvements were seen only in certain films over a limited range of annealing conditions. As a consequence of this, there were changes in other important optical properties, which will be discussed as well.
The characterization of nylon 6 filaments by x‐ray diffraction (1979)

Abstract A method is described for calculating crystallinity indices and crystalline orientation functions for the α and γ components of the crystalline phase of nylon 6 filaments using wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction (WAXS) analysis. The method is shown to be applicable to a wide range of filament samples (“conventional” as‐spun, fast spun, drawn, and annealed) even when only a single broad diffraction maximum is observable from the WAXS photograph. The component indices can be used to illustrate differences present in the filament microstructure which would be unobservable if a total crystallinity index, such as that determined by density, were determined alone. For example, the initially mixed α–γ structure is retained in low‐temperature drawing (75–150°C) of nylon 6 fiber, but the predominantly α form is produced at higher draw temperatures.
Efficient computation of the DFT with only a subset of input or output points (1993)

Ways of efficiently computing the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) when the number of input and output data points differ are discussed. The two problems of determining whether the length of the input sequence or the length of the output sequence is reduced can be found to be duals of each other, and the same methods can, to a large extent, be used to solve both. The algorithms utilize the redundancy in the input or output to reduce the number of operations below those of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms. The usual pruning method is discussed, and an efficient algorithm, called transform decomposition, is introduced. It is based on a mixture of a standard FFT algorithm and the Horner polynomial evaluation scheme equivalent to the one in Goertzel's algorithms. It requires fewer operations and is more flexible than pruning. The algorithm works for power-of-two and prime-factor algorithms, as well as for real-input data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus form a Unique Circuit for Attentional Mechanisms (2006)

The inhibitory thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) intercepts and modulates all corticothalamic and thalamocortical communications. Previous studies showed that projections from sensory and motor cortices originate in layer VI and terminate as small boutons in central and caudal TRN. Here we show that prefrontal projections to TRN in rhesus monkeys have a different topographic organization and mode of termination. Prefrontal cortices projected mainly to the anterior TRN, at sites connected with the mediodorsal, ventral anterior, and anterior medial thalamic nuclei. However, projections from areas 46, 13, and 9 terminated widely in TRN and colocalized caudally with projections from temporal auditory, visual, and polymodal association cortices. Population analysis and serial EM reconstruction revealed two distinct classes of corticoreticular terminals synapsing with GABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons. Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two bouton types were often observed on the same axon, suggesting that both prefrontal layers V and VI could project to TRN. The dual mode of termination suggests a more complex role of prefrontal input in the functional regulation of TRN and gating of thalamic output back to the cortex. The targeting of sensory tiers of TRN by specific prefrontal areas may underlie attentional regulation for the selection of relevant sensory signals and suppression of distractors.