gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the Vibrational Entropy Change on Protein/Ligand Binding:  Burial of a Water Molecule in Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (2001)

Using normal-mode analysis, the vibrational entropy change on the burial of a crystallographically well-ordered water molecule in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is dissected. The vibrational entropy content of the complex is 13.4 cal mol-1 K-1 higher than that of the unbound protein. A detailed analysis is performed of how the translational and rotational degrees of freedom of the isolated water molecule are transformed into vibrational modes in the complex. This process is shown to be well described by a model of the complex in which the water molecule librates in a rigid protein cage. These librational modes contribute 9.4 cal mol-1 K-1 to the entropy change. The remaining 4 cal mol-1 K-1 arises from increased protein flexibility due to softening of the delocalized modes, mostly in the frequency range below 50 cm-1. The dominant librational entropy effect suggests a method by which an estimation of the vibrational contribution to ligand binding can be efficiently computed.
Parity Measurements with Completely Polarized Photon Beam (2002)

Photon scattering experiments on 52Cr and 138Ba were performed to resolve ambiguous parity assignments below neutron threshold energy by using completely linear-polarized photon beam generated by Laser-Compton backscattering technique. The parity of 5544 keV level in 52Cr was confirmed to be negative. The Ml transition was identified at 5098 keV in 52Cr. The 5644 keV level in 138Ba, which was tentatively assigned as Ml transition by former Compton polarimeter measurement, was clearly assigned as El transition. A parity measurement with a completely linear-polarized photon beam was demonstrated to be simple and straightforward method.
ObRa and ObRe Are Differentially Expressed in Adipose Tissue in Aged Food-Restricted Rats: Effects on Circulating Soluble Leptin Receptor Levels (2005)

In rodents, soluble leptin receptor (SLR) may be generated by alternative splicing of ObR mRNA and/or as a cleavage product of ObR membrane-anchored receptors. In this study, we investigated the contribution of both processes on the generation of SLR in 3-, 8-, and 24-month-old Wistar rats fed ad libitum (AL) or under food restriction (FR). To this end, we determined serum SLR levels and analyzed ObRa and ObRe mRNA expression under these physiological conditions. Additionally, we studied the cellular distribution of ObRa and the generation of SLR by N-ethyl-maleimide-induced shedding from ObRa membrane receptors in isolated adipocytes. Serum SLR levels were significantly increased in 8- and 24-month-old rats under FR, whereas similar amounts were found in rats of different ages fed AL. ObRa and ObRe mRNA expression in epididymal adipose tissue increased with aging. In contrast, after FR, ObRe mRNA expression decreased, whereas ObRa mRNA expression further increased compared with 8- and 24-month-old rats fed AL. Additionally, FR promoted a change in the distribution of ObRa between internal and plasma membranes in isolated adipocytes, increasing its presence at the cell surface. Finally, the generation of SLR by N-ethyl-maleimide-induced shedding from ObRa was also increased under FR. These data suggest that shedding of ObRa membrane-anchored receptors, rather than ObRe expression, might preferentially contribute to the generation of the increased levels of SLR in serum under conditions of FR.
The Planner's Paradox (2004)

The Bush Office of Management and Budget has released a new draft Circular containing guidelines to be used by regulatory agencies in preparing Regulatory Impact Analyses. The draft has surprised many observers because it appears to impose less discipline, not more, on the practices of regulatory agencies. For example, the guidelines place greater reliance on cost-benefit analysis to justify new rules. Cost-benefit analysis has a checkered history under federal usage, and also suffers from a serious theoretical flaw: It presumes that the analyst can make omniscient determinations and comparisons between the outcomes of both the status quo and various theoretical planned solutions.
The Cytoplasmic Translation Inhibitory RNA Species of Chick Embryonic Muscle: Fractionation of Biologically Active Subspecies by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (1984)

A 4S RNA species (iRNA) isolated from chick embryonic muscle which is a potent inhibitor of mRNA translation in vitro shows heterogeneity in the 70-100 nucleotide size range (Sarkar, S., Mukherjee, A.K., and Guha, C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem., 256, 5077-5086). The iRNA was fractionated by HPLC on different size exclusion columns using a variety of elution conditions. Chromatography of iRNA on a TSK 4000 SW column and elution with a low ionic strength buffer gave three components, one of which contained a pure subspecies of about 90-100 nucleotides size, as shown by a single band on PAGE analysis in 99% formamide. The biological activity of this purified subspecies showed that this is a more potent inhibitor of globin mRNA translation than unfractionated iRNA (Sarkar, S., Mukherjee, A.K., and Guha, C., (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5077-5086). Partial resolution of three additional low molecular weight iRNA subspecies in the 70-80 nucleotide size range in biologically active form was obtained on chromatography of unfractionated iRNA on TSK 4000 SW column in the presence of 0.5 M NaCl or on TSK 3000 SW column in the presence of low salt. The fractionation of iRNA by HPLC appears to be primarily based on size. These results strongly suggest that HPLC may also be useful for the fractionation of a variety of low molecular weight eukaryotic nuclear and cytoplasmic RNAs with retention of biological activity.
Vibration Analysis of a Nonlinear System With Cyclic Symmetry (2010)

This work is devoted to the study of nonlinear dynamics of structures with cyclic symmetry under geometrical nonlinearity using the harmonic balance method (HBM). In order to study the influence of the nonlinearity due to large deflection of blades, a simplified model has been developed. It leads to nonlinear differential equations of the second order, linearly coupled, in which the nonlinearity appears by cubic terms. Periodic solutions in both free and forced cases are sought by the HBM coupled with an arc length continuation and stability analysis. In this study, specific attention has been paid to the evaluation of nonlinear modes and to the influence of excitation on dynamic responses. Indeed, several cases of excitation have been analyzed: punctual one and tuned or detuned low engine order. This paper shows that for a localized, or sufficiently detuned, excitation, several solutions can coexist, some of them being represented by closed curves in the frequency-amplitude domain. Those different kinds of solution meet up when increasing the force amplitude, leading to forced nonlinear localization. As the closed curves are not tied with the basic nonlinear solution, they are easily missed. They were calculated using a sequential continuation with the force amplitude as a parameter.
PULSE COLUMN STUDIES USING STR AND SIR FEED SOLUTIONS (1954)

were evaporated. This operation was not favored for flowsheet use. The batch and continuous dissolution and solvent extraction flowsheets are given embodying the principal results of this study. (auth)
Self-organized norms of behavior under interactions of selfish agents (2003)

One of the aspects of life is the desire for self-preservation. In a collective system, which is highly systematized and autonomous, if an individual desires profit and self-preservation, a "social dilemma" develops between the individual goal and that of the system, which requires an output from the agent. In this study, the various "norms of behavior" that lead to an emergent agent society that is able to overcome "social dilemmas" though the interactions between the agents were examined. Agents were not required to recognize their complex environment precisely. Instead, they determined their actions on the basis of an internal evaluation function. The resultant set of such decisions made by the agents was sufficient to drive the social system harmoniously. Self-evaluation of their local interactions by the agents was able to allow both the need for various norms of behavior to coexist and for a harmonious society to be developed. We constructed a competitive social system consisting of selfish autonomous agents. Agents interact with their alternative actions repeatedly as games. Each agent had an independent evaluation table for their actions. The agents' strategies were adapted on the basis of their individual evaluations, and agents' norms of behavior satisfy. In such a system model, the agents divide themselves into groups according to their norms of behavior. Between these groups, there exist relationships such as those that exist in real societies. Furthermore, we suggest a method of controlling autonomous distributed robots with flexible structure using the above mentioned approach.
The development of a continuous measuring system for the degree of mixing of powders by an opticalmethod. (1985)

A new system has been developed to measure the flow and mixing characteristics of powder mixers. The intensity of the changes of the reflected light from the mixture were measured continuously by a photometer with five sets of optical fiber probes located separately in the mixer vessel. The output signals were processed by an A/D converter and a microcomputer, and the concentration change with time and the degree of mixing at every moment were calculated and displayed on the VDT.The mixing performance for a high speed agitator-type mixer with a vibrating vessel was investigated by using the present system. The experimental results show that the optical measurement is accurate enough for practical usages, and the developed system is useful not only for evaluation of the mixing performance but also for the measurement of the surface condition of particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Larrealignans A and B, Novel Lignan Glycosides from the Aerial Parts of Larrea tridentata. (2012)

Abstract Title compounds (I) are found to show no cytotoxic activity.
Light polarization fingerprints on nonlinear dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2008)

Abstract In this paper we summarize the recent results on nonlinear dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) which are bearing the fingerprints of the particular polarization properties of VCSELs. Due to the surface emission and cylindrical symmetry, VCSELs lack strong polarization anisotropy and may undergo polarization switching and polarization mode-hopping. This provides new specificities to the rich nonlinear dynamics induced in VCSELs by an external perturbation. We unveil both experimentally and theoretically these new specificities for the case of optical feedback, optical injection, and unidirectional synchronization between VCSELs.
Cross‐layer network lifetime optimisation considering transmit and signal processing power in wireless sensor networks (2014)

Maintaining high energy efficiency is essential for increasing the lifetime ot wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where the battery of the sensor nodes cannot be routinely replaced. Nevertheless, the energy budget of the WSN strictly relies on the communication parameters, where the choice of both the transmit power as well as of the modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) plays a significant role in maximising the network lifetime (NL). In this paper, we optimise the NL of WNSs by analysing the impact of the physical layer parameters as well as of the signal processing power (SPP) P sp on the NL. We characterise the underlying trade‐offs between the NL and bit error ratio (BER) performance for a predetermined set of target signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) values and for different MCSs using periodic transmit‐time slot (TS) scheduling in interference‐limited WSNs. For a per‐link target BER requirement (PLBR) of 10 −3 , our results demonstrate that a ‘continuous‐time’ NL in the range of 0.58 – 4.99 years is achieved depending on the MCSs, channel configurations, and SPI.
The impact of technology evolution and scaling on electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection in high-pin count high-performance microprocessors (2003)

The technology evolution of MOSFET junctions, salicide technology, well, epitaxy, isolation, copper (Cu) interconnects, low-k interlevel dielectrics (ILD), and transition from bulk-CMOS to silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and their influence on ESD robustness in high-performance microprocessors are discussed here.
Why PMO? Towards Functionality and Utility of Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (2010)

Creative synthetic chemistry has endowed the class of periodic mesoporous organosilica materials, dubbed PMO, with a variety of new and exciting compositions, properties, and functions since its inception a decade ago. Using a handful of recent trendsetting case histories, the multidisciplinary applications of PMO materials in chemistry and physics, materials science and engineering, biology, and medicine are demonstrated in a most powerful way. In doing so, this Review aims to inspire more collaborative and ambitious endeavors in the second decade of PMO research.
Beyond extended dynamical mean-field theory: Dual boson approach to the two-dimensional extended Hubbard model (2014)

The dual boson method provides a systemic way to do diagrammatic expansion on top of extended dynamical mean-field theory (EDMFT) and can be very useful for the computational research on many strongly correlated systems. The authors present the first application of the method and give a very detail description for both its analytical basis and its numeral realization.
Optimization of pulse energy from 4.3-μm CO2 lasers (1985)

A detailed study of the output energy characteristics of the pulsed, optically pumped 4.3-μm CO2 laser is described. The predictions of a rate-equation model representing the laser dynamics are shown to be in good agreement with experiment over a wide range of operating conditions. The factors which control the performance of the laser are identified, and the optimum operating conditions for maximum output energy are discussed. Output energies of 15 mJ/pulse and peak powers of 100 kW/pulse have been obtained from an 88-cm-long by 11-cm2-aperture discharge. Scalability of the pulse energy to several hundred mJ using available pump pulse energies is shown to be feasible.
1,3′: 1,3′-Diepoxy-3,3′-diphenyl-2,2′-bi-indolinyl, a product from the reaction of phenylacetylene with nitrosobenzene (1968)

J. Iball, W. D. S. Motherwell, J. J. S. Pollock and J. M. Tedder, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 365b DOI: 10.1039/C1968000365B
Structure and Electrical Properties of 0.85NaNbO<sub>3</sub>-0.15LiNbO<sub>3</sub>Ceramics (2014)

Structure and electrical properties of <TEX>$0.85NaNbO_3-0.15LiNbO_3$</TEX> (<TEX>$(Li_{0.15}Na_{0.85})NbO_3$</TEX>) ceramics were investigated as a function of sintering temperature. <TEX>$(Li_{0.15}Na_{0.85})NbO_3$</TEX> ceramics were prepared by conventional solid state processing. A main phase of the orthorhombic perovskite structure and secondary phase of <TEX>$LiNbO_3$</TEX> were confirmed for all sintered specimens. Dense <TEX>$(Li_{0.15}Na_{0.85})NbO_3$</TEX> ceramics were obtained at sintering temperature above <TEX>$1050^{\circ}C$</TEX>. With increasing sintering temperature, the electromechanical coupling factor (<TEX>$k_p$</TEX>), piezoelectric constant (<TEX>$d_{33}$</TEX>) and relative dielectric constant (<TEX>${\varepsilon}_r$</TEX>) of the sintered specimens increased, while the mechanical quality factor (<TEX>$Q_m$</TEX>) decreased. These results are due to the increase of grain size and crystallite size of orthorhombic perovskite structure. Based on the temperature dependence of <TEX>${\varepsilon}_r$</TEX>, stable piezoelectric properties were expected because no phase transition found up to <TEX>$300^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Typically, kp of 18%, <TEX>$d_{33}$</TEX> of 34.7 pC/N, <TEX>${\varepsilon}_r$</TEX> of 135, and <TEX>$Q_m$</TEX> of 62.8 were obtained for the specimens sintered at <TEX>$1200^{\circ}C$</TEX> for 5 h.
Masitinib plus irinotecan for second line treatment of esophagogastric adenocarcinoma: An open label phase Ib/II trial. (2015)

4027 Background: Masitinib (MAS) is a selective c-Kit inhibitor that efficiently inhibits mast cell function. In vitro studies have shown that MAS could enhance efficacy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan (IRI) for treatment of gastric cancer cell lines. Methods: Patients (pts) with measurable locally advanced or metastatic adenocarcinoma of the stomach or gastroesophageal junction were eligible to receive MAS (6 mg/kg/day) in combination with 5-FU (400 mg/m2 bolus then 2400 mg/m2, 46h/2w), or IRI (350 mg/m²/3w), or FOLFIRI, after progression to platinum based first line chemotherapy. The phase I study evaluated safety with
Stability of Densely Contact-Electrified Charges on Thin Silicon Oxide in Air (1996)

By changing the polarity of charged trap sites, we investigated the stability of densely contact-electrified charges on thin silicon oxide in air using a modified atomic force microscope. For usual silicon oxides with positively charged trap sites, a stable state is obtained only for negative charge deposition, while for modified silicon oxides with negatively charged trap sites, a stable state is obtained only for positive charge deposition. As a result, we concluded that charged trap sites make densely contact-electrified charges with the same polarity unstable due to the strong Coulomb repulsive force.
Novel linecoding scheme for optical transmissions (1990)

A new linecoding scheme is proposed that can improve the receiver sensitivity of an optical transmission system relative to RZ or NRZ. An associated regeneration method which does not need too complex circuitry is described. A system experiment has demonstrated the feasibility.
Mise en œuvre opérationnelle d'une prévision des crues (1988)

The author presents the first operational implementations evaluation concerning a floods forecast.The forecast is only possible downstream of a reliable and efficient system for capturing data owing to the difficulties encountered in the relationship between the data collecting system and the forecast software. The programming structures used and the perspectives are analysed. The interactive means used by the forecaster are examined.
GASL 2018 (2018)

the German Association for the Study of the Liver (GASL) was established by Professor Karl-Hermann Meyer zum Büschenfelde in 1985 as a concentrated interdisciplinary meeting of basic scientists, physicians and surgeons with an interest in the liver and liver disease. The meeting has a unique character as it is very succinct, and consists only of original novel contributions submitted by young scientists. In the past 33 years the meeting has evolved as the key German meeting for new results in basic and clinical hepatology, and has helped to build an excellent scientific community in liver research in Germany. It is a pleasure and honor to welcome you to the 34th annual GASL meeting here in Hamburg, to be held in the central building of the University.
Synthesis and IR-excited luminescence of (Y1 − x Tm x )2O2S solid solutions (2013)

We have studied the key features of the luminescence spectra and kinetics of (Y1 − x Tm x )2O2S solid solutions in the range 400–2000 nm under laser excitation at 790 and 810 nm. The results have been used to develop a series of IR phosphors “invisible” under laser excitation in the range 790–810 nm and possessing tunable and reproducible relative intensities of three groups of IR luminescence bands in the ranges 770–840, 1360–1520, and 1650–1980 nm, respectively.
Probing the Carrier Capture Rate of a Single Quantum Level (2007)

The performance of many semiconductor quantum-based structures is governed by the dynamics of charge carriers between a localized state and a band of electronic states. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we studied the transport of inelastic tunneling electrons through a prototypical localized state: an isolated dangling-bond state on a Si(111) surface. From the saturation of the current at an energy resonant with this state, the hole capture rate by the dangling bond was determined. By further mapping the spatial extension of its wave function, the localized nature of the level was found to be consistent with the small magnitude of its cross section. This approach illustrates how the microscopic environment of a single defect critically affects its carrier dynamics.
Onset of Action Between Bupivacaine 0.5% and Bupivacaine 0.5% Plus Fentanyl 75 mcg (1990)

Johnson, C.; Oriol, N.; Feinstein, D.; Ransil, B. J.; McMorland, Graham H. M.B., F.R.C.P.C.Author Information
Reply (2012)

Sir:FigureThank you for your kind and very interesting letter, which both fascinated and taught us new things. We had previously heard the stories about Paré, Vesalius, and Semmelweis; the reason why priests could not both offer the Eucharist with their hands and use their hands for surgery was new to us and highly informative. Progress, which necessarily demands change and shifts in current thinking, is nearly always met with resistance of some kind. Perhaps the ever-increasing rate of change in progress will begin to minimize such resistance as people grow accustomed to more rapid change. Two things are comforting to note. First, plastic surgeons as a group are exceptionally innovative and help move medicine forward in numerous aspects. We do not anticipate this trend to change, and even look forward to plastic surgeons taking leading roles in the emerging areas of regenerative and antiaging medicine, transplantation, and fat grafting. Second, it is fascinating and frankly highly enjoyable to begin to see science and theology slowly work together. Although this trend evidences itself only in flashes of convergence, we hope it continues. Neither science nor theology has anything to fear from the other, and the ultimate end goal of both is to seek the truth, and to have the truth set us free. In agreement with Drs. Zhang and Lazzeri, if we train ourselves to be intellectually pliable, we will be able to enjoy the journey! Rod J. Rohrich, M.D. Daniel Sullivan, M.Div. Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this communication or of the original Editorial.
[Cervical mucus in the heifer uterus during heat and insemination after feeding with synthetic beta-carotene]. (1984)

The effect of beta-carotene was studied, as exerted on the amount, ductility, pH value, arborization and sperm survival time in the medium of the cervical mucus of heifers included in the breeding stock. The measurements were taken during oestrus and mating. The animals were divided into four groups. The first group was given diet containing no carotene. In the other groups (II, III, IV) the animals were fed a supplement of synthetic beta-carotene, the doses being 100, 200 and 400 mg per head/day. The survival of spermatozoa in the medium of cervical mucus was found to be significantly longer in the fourth group (115.2%) as compared with the first group (61.8%). In the statistical comparison of these results the P level was less than 0.05. Statistically significant differences were observed in the amount, ductility and arborization between the pregnant heifers and oestrus return ones in the first group. These differences were reduced after the addition of beta-carotene to feed. Beta-carotene saturation in the feed ration was not found to exert any significant influence on the pH value of cervical mucus. As suggested by the evaluation of the results and their comparison with literary data, sperm survival time in cervical mucus was the only trait influenced significantly by beta-carotene: no significant effect was exerted on the other parameters under study. Beta-carotene seems to influence the role of polyfactorial factors in the control of steroidogenesis.