gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 18th century (1989)

In the “Century of Light”, on the basis of surgical knowledge, anatomical developments in the universities, and the experience of wandering physicians and certain artisans, autonomous dental medicine developed and was documented by Pierre Fauchard. After a surgical apprenticeship in the Navy, he carried out the task of compiling all the empirical knowledge of the epoch, and included a good number of his own ideas. In 1728 he published his work in two volumes, ‘The Dental Surgeon’, the most important work devoted to dentistry up to that time.
Auto-Configuration of a Dynamic Non-Overlapping Camera Network (2007)

Abstract—In order to monitor sufficiently large areas of interest for surveillance or any event detection, we need to look beyond stationary cameras and employ an automatically configurable network of nonoverlapping cameras. These cameras need not have an overlapping field of view and should be allowed to move freely in space. Moreover, features like zooming in/out, readily available in security cameras these days, should be exploited in order to focus on any particular area of interest if needed. In this paper, a practical framework is proposed to self-calibrate dynamically moving and zooming cameras and determine their absolute and relative orientations, assuming that their relative position is known. A global linear solution is presented for self-calibrating each zooming/focusing camera in the network. After self-calibration, it is shown that only one automatically computed vanishing point and a line lying on any plane orthogonal to the vertical direction is sufficient to infer the dynamic network config-uration. Our method generalizes previous work which considers restricted camera motions. Using minimal assumptions, we are able to successfully demonstrate promising results on synthetic, as well as on real data. Index Terms—Image of the absolute conic (IAC), nonoverlap-ping camera network, self-calibration, vanishing line. I.
Reason, modernity, and democracy (2008)

One of the most distinctive features on the intellectual landscape of the last decades of the twentieth century is the intensity with which doubts have been raised about the conceptual foundations of Western modernity. Hard questions have emerged about the predominant modern understandings of reason, subjectivity, nature, progress, and gender. With the exception of the last topic, one might argue that these questions emerged in this century in their most powerful form within two streams of German philosophical reflection. In the immediate post-World War II years, Martin Heidegger wrote his "Essay on Humanism" (1946) and "The Question Concerning Technology" (1949), and he continued for the next thirty years to articulate a thorough critique of most of what the modern West has held dear. In 1947 Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer published their Dialectic of Enlightenment, developing the claim that the systematic pursuit of enlightened reason and freedom had the ironic long-term effect of engendering new forms of irrationality and repression. These critiques had an immense impact both on the initial shape of the work of Jiirgen Habermas and on its continued evolution.
Use of the synthetic oxycarotenoids, β-apo-8′-carotenoic acid ethyl ester and citranaxanthin, in diets low in natural pigments to enhance egg yolk colour (1985)

The effects of synthetic yellow and red oxycarotenoids, G-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester (CAEE) and citranaxanthin (CTX), respectively, on egg yolk colour were evaluated in three experiments. In experiment 1,192 hens of two breeds (White Leghorn x Australorp and White Leghorn hybrid) were given a basal diet supplemented with CAEE in six concentrations from 1.75 to 3.00 mg/kg in the periods 35-38,47-50 and 59-62 weeks of age. Yolk colour (averaged over both breeds and all periods) increased linearly from 4.4 to 5.3 Roche units with CAEE concentration. The hybrids and crossbreds averaged 4.1 and 5.6 respectively. Although yolk colour was related to feed consumption, a difference of 17.7 g/bird.day between breeds accounted for only 0.2 of the 1.5 difference in yolk colour. Experiment 2 utilized the same birds as experiment 1. The same concentrations of CAEE were combined with 1.50 or 1.75 mg/kg CTX in the periods 39-42, 51-54 and 63-66 weeks of age. Yolk colour (averaged over all other effects) increased linearly from 8.7 to 9.1 with CAEE concentration. Yolk colour averages were 8.5 and 9.3 for CTX at 1.50 and 1.75 mg/kg respectively. In the third experiment, 180 White Leghorn x Australorp hens were given CAEE (1.50, 1.75 or 2.00mg/kg) and CTX(1.50, 1.75 or2.00mg/kg) from 18 to 62 weeks of age. Average yolk colour increased linearly from 10.0 to 10.3 with CAEE and from 9.9 to 10.4 with CTX, as the respective concentrations were increased.
Beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis to the NMDA Glutamate Receptor Hypofunction Hypothesis of Schizophrenia (2007)

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PUFA Content and Effect of Dietary Intake of .GAMMA.-Linolenic Acid-Rich Oil on Profiles of n-6, n-3 Metabolites in Plasma of Children with Atopic Eczema. (1995)

The content and composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the plasma total lipid fraction of 51 Japanese children (age 3-10) with atopic eczema and those in age-matched healthy controls (n=30) were studied by a simplified method for fatty acid analysis with gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The PUFA content of the plasma total lipid (p<0.001) and the amounts of linoleic (18:2 n-6, p<0.01), dihomo-γ-linolenic (20:3 n-6, p<0.05), and arachidonic (20:4 n-6, p<0.05) acids were significantly lower in the atopic patients than in the control subjects. When atopic patients were fed candy-type jellies containing γ-linolenic acid-rich oil (180mg/day as the amount of γ-linolenic acid) for 8 weeks, the lower levels of PUFA significantly rose to those of the healthy controls. No side effects were observed in the PUFA profiles, n-6 and n-3 long-chain metabolites, or in clinical evaluations. The results indicate that the dietary intake of γ-linolenic acid-rich oil is an efficient additional therapy for young patients with atopic eczema who have altered states of fatty acid metabolism.
Use of Transdermal Amitriptyline Gel in a Patient with Chronic Pain and Depression (1999)

A man with severe inflammatory bowel disease suffered from chronic abdominal pain and depression. A transdermal amitriptyline gel preparation was compounded since he was unable to take drugs orally Serum concentrations of amitriptyline and its active metabolite nortriptyline were measured over 24 hours. Symptoms of depression were monitored before starting transdermal therapy and at the end of 6 weeks. Pain symptoms and amitriptyline adverse drug events were monitored daily Steady-state serum concentrations of drug and metabolite were within the therapeutic range over 24 hours. The patient reported that his mood was improved but his abdominal pain remained unchanged. Transdermal amitriptyline gel was well tolerated and is an alternative delivery system in patients unable to take drugs orally.
Minimally invasive mitral valve surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2008)

The mitral valve has been traditionally approached through a median sternotomy. However, significant advances in surgical optics, instrumentation, tissue telemanipulation, and perfusion technology have allowed for mitral valve surgery to be performed using progressively smaller incisions including the minithoracotomy and hemisternotomy. Due to reports of excellent results, minimally invasive mitral valve surgery has become a standard of care at certain specialized centers worldwide. This meta-analysis quantifies the effects of minimally invasive mitral valve surgery on morbidity and mortality compared with conventional mitral surgery and demonstrates equivalent perioperative mortality (1641 patients, odds ratio (OR) 0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.15-1.42, p=0.18), reduced need for reoperation for bleeding (1553 patients, OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35-0.90, p=0.02) and a trend towards shorter hospital stays (350 patients, weighted mean difference (WMD) -0.73, 95% CI -1.52 to 0.05, p=0.07). These benefits were evident despite longer cardiopulmonary bypass (WMD 25.81, 95% CI 13.13-38.50, p<0.0001) and cross-clamp times (WMD 20.91, 95% CI 8.79-33.04, p=0.0007) in the minimally invasive group. Case-control studies show consistently less pain and faster recovery compared to those having a conventional approach. Data for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery after previous cardiac surgery are limited but consistently demonstrate reduced blood loss, fewer transfusions and faster recovery compared to reoperative sternotomy. Long-term follow-up data from multiple cohort studies are also examined revealing equivalent survival and freedom from reoperation. Thus, current clinical data suggest that minimally invasive mitral valve surgery is a safe and a durable alternative to a conventional approach and is associated with less morbidity.
The Open University – So Far (1983)

The Open University was founded out of Harold Wilson's vision of a Television University at the time of the Robbins Report of 1963; it was brought into being through Jennie Lee and Peter Venables and, later, Walter Perry. Lord Crowther, as first Chancellor, outlined the openness as to people, places, methods and ideas. Among the most interesting features of the innovation were teaching by teamwork, making possible laboratory experience at a distance, the use of broadcasting, supplying students with the written word, and problems of evaluation. About 20 000 students were finally registered for tbe first year. About 15 per cent classify themselves as working-class; the majority are from working-class homes but in middle-class jobs. The undergraduate population has now stabilized at 60 000. The total number of full courses or their equivalent is to be 88 in 6 faculties. Students graduate with 6 credits or 8 for honours. A student pays at present a little over £1000 for a full programme. In addition there is a new emphasis on short courses for assciate students. The University has had considerable impact overseas and in the United Kingdom.
Clobazam, Oxcarbazepine, Tiagabine, Topiramate, and Other New Antiepileptic Drugs (1995)

Clinical investigators recently have studied at least 21 new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in people with epilepsy. This review briefly examines 15 of these new AEDs: clobazam (CLB), dezinamide, flunarizine (FNR), loreclezole, milacemide (MLM), MK-801, nafimidone, ORG-6370, oxcarbazepine (OCBZ), progabide (PGB), ralitoline, stiripentol, tiagabine (TGB), topiramate (TPM), and zonisamide (ZNS). CLB, PGB, and TGB represent agents that act on the GABA system, and MLM acts on the glycine system. MK-801 and ZNS (in part) are excitatory amino acid antagonists, and FNR is a calcium-channel antagonist. OCBZ is a keto analogue of carbamazepine, which is not metabolized to the epoxide and may have fewer side effects. The remaining agents are novel compounds with a variety of suspected mechanisms. TPM appears especially effective for intractable partial seizures but has a high incidence of cognitive side effects. None of these new AEDs is useful for all patients with inadequate seizure control or ongoing toxicity. The role of each will require further clinical study and experience.
DEGRADATION OF ERGOTHIONEINE BY CELL-FREE EXTRACTS OF <i>ALCALIGENES FAECALIS</i> II (1963)

Booth, James S. (University of Southern California, Los Angeles) and Milo D. Appleman. Degradation of ergothioneine by cell-free extracts of Alcaligenes faecalis. II. Production of glutamic acid. J. Bacteriol. 85:654-657. 1963.-On the basis of oxidation and paper chromatographic procedures, glutamic acid was identified as the end product of ergothioneine degradation by cell-free extracts of Alcaligenes faecalis. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia yields were determined. Several differences between the metabolism of whole cells and cell-free extracts were noted. Cleavage of the imidazole ring by cell-free extracts appeared to be hydrolytic rather than oxidative.
Blood monocytes and spleen macrophages differentiate into microglia‐like cells on monolayers of astrocytes: Morphology (1994)

Several morphological and functional properties of microglial cells, the resident immunoeffector cells of the central nervous system (CNS), differ from those of monocytes/macrophages in other tissues. Microglia are assumed to derive from myelonocytic lineage, possibly as a distinct subpopulation that diverges from a common cell line early in ontogeny, invades the CNS, proliferates, and differentiates into ameboid and then ramified microglia. We tested the hypothesis that some morphological and functional properties of microglia are induced in myelomonocytic cells by nervous tissue, specifically astrocytes. In the present in vitro studies we compared the differentiation of microglia, blood monocytes, and spleen macrophages on acellular substrates and on monolayers of astrocytes and fibroblasts. On acellular substrates, microglial cells at first acquire an ameboid morphology; later they show a few short, unbranched processes. On monolayers of pure astrocytes, microglial cells at first also differentiate into ameboid cells, but after 5 to 7 days they start to develop processes with large lamellopodial tips. These lengthen and branch continuously during the next 2 weeks in vitro, demarcating a round to oval territory around the small ellipsoid cell body. By contrast, on monolayers of fibroblasts the microglial cells develop an ameboid morphology, but do not grow the typical long branched processes of the ramified form. Blood monocytes and spleen macrophages behave indistinguishably from microglia both on acellular and cellular substrates, i.e., on astroglia they develop the ramified form, while on fibroblasts they retain the ameboid shape. When microglia, macrophages, or monocytes are cultured on coverslips on top of astrocytic monolayers, i.e., physically separated from the astroglia, but exposed to the medium conditioned by astrocytes, a significant proportion of them also develop the ramified shape. These findings indicate that the ramified shape of microglia is induced by astrocytes. Since this morphology can also be induced in blood monocytes and macrophages, we take this to be further evidence for the proposition that microglial cells are derived from the myelomonocytic lineage, and, moreover, that properties of resident macrophages are largely determined by tissue components of their host organ.
National Standards for Out of Home Care (2010)

The National Standards for Out of Home Care is one of the early initiatives implemented under the 'National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020'. The National Standards address the inconsistencies in state and territory regulations in out of home care and ensure positive care outcomes for children and young people. The article traces the development of the National Standards and the describes the principles on which they are based.
Fabrication of an AlAs/In0.53Ga0.47As/InAs Resonant Tunneling Diode on InP Substrate for High-Speed Circuit Applications (2006)

A high performance AlAs/In0.53 Ga0.47 As/InAs resonant tunneling diode （RTD） on InP substrate is fabricated by inductively coupled plasma etching. This RTD has a peak-to-valley current ratio （PVCR） of 7. 57 and a peak current density Jp = 39.08kA/cm^2 under forward bias at room temperature. Under reverse bias, the corresponding values are 7.93 and 34.56kA/cm^2 . A resistive cutoff frequency of 18.75GHz is obtained with the effect of a parasitic probe pad and wire. The slightly asymmetrical current-voltage characteristics with a nominally symmetrical structure are also discussed.
Attribute-based Access Control Model for Web Services (2009)

Grid workflow can be defined as the composition of grid application services which execute on heterogeneous and distributed resources in a well-defined order to accomplish a specific goal.Introducing of QoS can provide means for schedule of component services and make the execution of workflow satisfy the requirements of users better.QoS allows for the selection and execution of Grid workflow to better fulfill customer's expections.We proposed an architecture for QoS-based grid workflow system and the QoS parameters of grid workflow were discussed.Some QoS-based schedule algorithms were discussed and a solution based on fast genetic algorithms was proposed.
Optics of Refractometers for Refractive Power Measurement of the Human Eye (2006)

In the field of ophthalmology, many diagnostic instruments based on optical technology have been developed, such as refractometer, keratometer, corneal mapper, tonometer, fundus camera, slit lamp, laser scan ophthalmoscope and optical coherence tomography. Among them, the refractometer that is used for measuring the refractive power of the human eye has the long research history and various types have been developed. However the efforts to realize more accurate and precise measurement are still in progress. The wavefront analyzer commercialized in recent years is an excellent outcome of such efforts. In this paper, a brief account of the developmental history of various refractometers including the wavefront analyzer is summarized, and the underlying measurement principle is introduced in the view of optics. Finally, the technical issues that should be solved for getting better performance are discussed.
Real-time hand gesture recognition with Kinect for playing racing video games (2014)

This paper presents a Kinect based hand gesture recognition system that can effectively recognize both one-hand and two-hand gestures. It is robust against the disturbance of complex background and objects such as the faces and hands of other people by exploiting the depth information and carefully choosing the region of interest (ROI) in the process of tracking. The recognition module is implemented using template matching and other light weight techniques to reduce the computational complexity. In the experiments, this system is tested on real world tasks from controlling the slide show in PowerPoint to playing the highly intense racing video game Need for Speed. The practical performance confirms that our system is both effective in terms of robustness and versatility and efficient for various real-time applications.
“QUOTE UNQUOTE” (1988)

A well‐prepared and presented proposal or tender can give a company a strong competitive edge. It is, however, an aspect of marketing that is often neglected.
Thrombotic Microangiopathies (2012)

Thrombotic microangiopathy results from thrombotic occlusion of the microvasculature leading to fragmentation of red blood cells, profound thrombocytopenia, and a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with elevation of lactate dehydrogenase and negative direct Coomb's test. This constellation of clinical and laboratory findings is not due to one disease entity; rather, it represents a variety of underlying diagnoses. Among the major disease entities are TTP/HUS, which can be congenital or acquired, bacterial infections, medications, vascular or endothelial pathology like Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon, and stem cell transplantation. In this paper, we offer a review of some of the major causes of thrombotic microangiopathy.
Determination of acrylamide in foods by pressurized fluid extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry used for a survey of Spanish cereal-based foods (2006)

An automated and rapid method for the determination of acrylamide in different food products is presented. The method involves pressurized fluid extraction (PFE) of foods with acetonitrile and precipitation with Carrez reagents. The final extract is analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS-MS). The main parameters affecting the performance of ESI-MS-MS and PFE were optimized using a design of experiments approach. The limit of quantification of the method was 5 microg kg(-1), and recoveries from incurred samples ranged between 93 and 101%. The accuracy was evaluated using the reference test materials FAPAS T3002, T3005 and T3011. Using the optimized method, 62 food samples of potato chips, snacks, biscuits, breakfast cereals and crisp bread sampled from Valencia, Spain, supermarkets were surveyed for acrylamide levels. The levels were similar to those reported in the European Union and USA.
A distributed measurement system for smart monitoring of vehicle activities (2010)

Focus of this paper is to present an ITS used to certificate the correctness of vehicle activities. Due to the growing importance of transport system for the sustainability of the human society development, nowadays various intelligent transport systems (ITS) have been developed. In this work flexible ITS designed to handle various aspects of the hazardous material transport is presented. This system is able to monitor some vehicle's activities starting from the measurement of parameters such as accelerations, positions, etc. A fuzzy inference system (FIS) was implemented to test the possibility of using the proposed system as a certifier of the correctness of these activities. In particular, the loading and unloading activity of a vehicle fleet used for the rubbish collection was monitored. The proposed system was developed and tested in the framework of a research project funded by Apulia Region (Italy).
Efficient load flow for large weakly meshed networks (1990)

An efficient method for calculating the load flow solution of weakly meshed transmission and distribution systems is presented. Its essential advantages over a previous approach are the following: (1) It uses active and reactive powers as flow variables rather than complex currents, thus simplifying the treatment of P, V buses and reducing the related computational effort to half; (2) It uses an efficient tree-labeling technique which also contributes to the computational efficiency of the procedure; (3) It uses an improved solution strategy, thereby reducing the burden of mismatch calculations which is an important component of the solution process. Results of tests with 30, 243, 1380, and 4130 bus systems are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>