gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of texture in steel by laser-ultrasonic surface waves (2011)

A laser-ultrasonic approach based on the propagation of surface skimming longitudinal wave (P-wave) and Rayleigh wave (SAW) is investigated for the measurement of texture in moderately thick steel plates. The angular dependence of the P-wave and SAW velocities presents different patterns, both of amplitude of a few % attributed to texture. Moreover, the difference of the P-wave and SAW profiles is shown to be very robust against small path length changes or other detrimental effects. For measurements on large plates, a solution based on the rotation of a generation line using an axicon lens is tested. Texture variations across the width of steel plates and the influence of residual stress are discussed.
Relationship Between Coercivity and Magnetic Domain Structure for Permalloy Thin Film (2009)

Relationship between coercivity and micromagnetic structure was estimated using a micromagnetic simulator assuming permalloy film as a magnetic film. Wire-like shaped magnetic film showed relatively high coercivity and the magnetization reversed thorough coherent rotation. Coercivity was found to relate to the micromagnetic structure, and large sized film tends to configure vortex micromagnetic structure and coercivity becomes small.
Synthetic analog approach to metallobleomycins. 4. New halobridged dimeric and polymeric (infinite zigzag chain) complexes of copper(II) with peptide ligands related to bleomycins (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic analog approach to metallobleomycins. 4. New halobridged dimeric and polymeric (infinite zigzag chain) complexes of copper(II) with peptide ligands related to bleomycinsSteven J. Brown, Xiaolin Tao, Teresa A. Wark, Douglas W. Stephan, and Pradip K. MascharakCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 9, 1581–1587Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00282a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00282a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Voltage Induced Electrical Connectivity on a Percolation Cluster (2002)

Considering the very recent interest in the flow between two sites on a percolation cluster it is obvious that an experimental study of such a problem requires local measurement techniques. Following this observation we report the first study of the voltage dependence of the images derived by contact-resistance atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) in general, and on a binary composite in particular. The results obtained provide an experimental map of the voltage dependence of the realized connectivity between a given pair of sites on a percolation cluster. Our measurements show that the two-dimensional cross-section images of a three-dimensional percolation cluster reveal a systematic behavior that can be described as a phase transition.
Bisnorsesquiterpenoids from Euphorbia resinifera Berg. and an Expeditious Procedure to Obtain Resiniferatoxin from Its Fresh Latex (2002)

The fresh latex of cultivated E. resinifera Berg. is a convenient source of the ultrapotent vanilloid resiniferatoxin, and a transesterification-reesterification procedure that substantially alleviates the hazards associated with the direct isolation of this obnoxious diterpenoid has been developed. Various known phorboid constituents of the diterpenoid fraction were obtained in pure form and have been spectroscopically characterized for the first time, while the non-diterpenoid fraction of the latex gave, besides some common triterpenoids, three new bisnorsesquiterpenes of the dihydroionol type. The structures of these compounds were established through a combination of spectroscopic data and chemical reactions.
Influence of Dietary Nitrogen on Nitrogen Metabolism in the Rumen (1964)

In vivo trials, utilizing four fistulated steers in a Latin-square design~ were conducted with four rations: casein + basal, urea + basal, soybean meal basal, and cottonseed hulls (basal). Nitrogenous constituents, volatile fatty acids ( V F A ) , and p i t values were determined on rumen liquor taken at various intervals after feeding. Levels of urea nitrogen were determined on the jugular blood.
Conformation and Dynamics at a Flexible Glycosidic Linkage Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations: Analysis of β-<scp>l</scp>-Fuc<i>p</i>-(1→6)-α-<scp>d</scp>-Glc<i>p</i>-OMe in Water Solution (2013)

The intrinsic flexibility of carbohydrates facilitates different 3D structures in response to altered environments. At glycosidic (1→6)-linkages, three torsion angles are variable, and herein the conformation and dynamics of β-L-Fucp-(1→6)-α-D-Glcp-OMe are investigated using a combination of NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The disaccharide shows evidence of conformational averaging for the ψ and ω torsion angles, best explained by a four-state conformational distribution. Notably, there is a significant population of conformations having ψ = 85° (clinal) in addition to those having ψ = 180° (antiperiplanar). Moderate differences in (13)C R1 relaxation rates are found to be best explained by axially symmetric tumbling in combination with minor differences in librational motion for the two residues, whereas the isomerization motions are occurring too slowly to be contributing significantly to the observed relaxation rates. The MD simulation was found to give a reasonably good agreement with experiment, especially with respect to diffusive properties, among which the rotational anisotropy, D∥/D⊥, is found to be 2.35. The force field employed showed too narrow ω torsion angles in the gauche-trans and gauche-gauche states as well as overestimating the population of the gauche-trans conformer. This information can subsequently be used in directing parameter developments and emphasizes the need for refinement of force fields for (1→6)-linked carbohydrates.
A contribution to the measurement of oxygen mass transfer in a laboratory pressure reactor (2000)

A method was used to measure the liquid-side volumetric coefficient of oxygen mass transfer (kLa) in closed, semi-batch pressure reactors used in hydrometallurgical laboratories. In this method, the oxygen pressure was monitored as oxygen was continuously sparged into a pressure vessel containing a sodium sulfite solution. A material balance equation was derived for oxygen in the vessel and the experimental data were fitted to this equation. From the constant parameters of the equation, kLa was calculated. The solution in the vessel also contained an appropriate amount of cobalt catalyst so that oxygen was consumed rapidly by oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. Under these conditions, the oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid phase could be assumed to be equal to zero. Values of kLa determined by the method under various conditions were reproduced within 12% deviation from the average values. kLa was found to increase moderately with temperature in the range of 25 to 75 °C, with an activation energy of 33.09 ± 1.33 kJ mol−1. The presence of hydrophobic or hydrophilic solids was found to have a deleterious effect on kLa. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Additions and Corrections: Debenzyloxycarbonylation of 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-benzyloxycarbonyl-amino-2-deoxy-D-hexopyranoses in the Conversion of alpha, beta-Acetoxy to Glycosyl Bromide (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdditions and Corrections: Debenzyloxycarbonylation of 1,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-2-benzyloxycarbonyl-amino-2-deoxy-D-hexopyranoses in the Conversion of alpha, beta-Acetoxy to Glycosyl Bromide Kenoshin Onodera and Tohru KomanoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 12, 4717Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online25 July 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01059a603https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01059a603research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy of Regional Brain Structure in a 10-Year-Old Boy With Elevated Blood Lead Levels (1998)

The present study is a first attempt to determine in vivo metabolic differences in the brain of a child exposed to lead compared with a healthy control subject. This is a unique case because these children were matched on a number of variables usually regarded as confounders in behavioral lead studies, and therefore can be regarded as matched controls. The present study demonstrates that MRS is a feasible, noninvasive technique for in vivo examination of the brains of children exposed to lead. We were able to obtain high-quality spectra from voxels as small as 0.36 cm at 1.5T. The spatial resolution used in the present study is sufficient to obtain spectra from voxels almost exclusively composed of gray matter. The one-dimensional phase-encoding approach used presents the advantage of obtaining several spectra simultaneously in a relatively short time. The present study has allowed us to examine the spectroscopic patterns of frontal gray and white matter after lead exposure relative to the normal pattern seen in healthy children and adults. The MRS study of the healthy, nonlead-exposed cousin demonstrated spectra entirely consistent with the spectral pattern reported in previous studies of healthy individuals. By contrast, the spectra obtained from the lead-exposed child deviated from the expected pattern in all metabolite ratios analyzed. Because N-acetylaspartate has been shown as a measure of neuronal viability, the level of N-acetylaspartate may enable us to evaluate the degree of neuronal loss in children exposed to lead. The MRI examination indicated no structural abnormalities or cortical thinning, and no abnormal findings in either case. By contrast, MRS indicated a significant change from normal values for the lead-exposed child. This supports the idea that lead neurodevelopmental toxicity may be related to inter
ChemInform Abstract: A FLEXIBLE STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE SPIROSESQUITERPENES (.+‐.)‐β‐ACORENOL, (.+‐.)‐β‐ACORADIENE, (.+‐.)‐ACORENONE B AND (.+‐.)‐ACORENONE VIA AN INTRAMOLECULAR ENE REACTION (1978)

Abstract Aus dem Ester (I) werden zunächst die Epirneren (III) und (IV) gewonnen, die trennbar und ineinander überführbar sind.
Immunopathogenesis of Virus Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System (1996)

A variety of viruses can cause diseases of the central nervous system by two different mechanisms. Cytolytic viruses exert direct effects on cells of the nervous system that result in death and cell loss. Noncytolytic viruses do not directly damage cells, but might harm cell functions in the long run. However, more common is the reaction of the immune system towards viral antigens of those noncytolytic viruses which ultimately might lead to an immunopathological disease. Several peculiarities of the central nervous system with regard to an immune reaction within this organ are discussed in the context of viral infections.
The effect of different stabilizers on the formation of self‐assembled porous film via the breath‐figure technique (2011)

Abstract The Breath‐Figure technique was employed to imprint honeycomb structures in the polymer films via the condensation of water vapor on the surface of an evaporating polymer solution. Generally, the condensed water droplets can be stabilized by an end‐functional polymer or by particles added to the polymer solution. In this study, we carried out a systematic experiment on the effect of different stabilizers on the porous honeycomb structure under identical physical conditions. The end‐functional polymer produced a large area of regular spherical bubbles, whereas adding particles to the polymer solution leads to smaller arrays of the flattened bottom bubbles. The separation length between pores was larger for polymer/particle sample than that of the end‐functional polymer films. In the regular area of polymer/particle film many bubbles were not decorated by particles. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1430–1436, 2011
Small broadband disk‐loaded monopole antenna with a vertical ground plane (2007)

Abstract A small broadband monopole antenna with a vertical ground plane and an electromagnetically coupled feed is presented in this paper. The antenna was formed by positioning a probe with a folded stripline under a shorted square disk. A resonance of the shorted square disk was coupled to a resonance of the probe with a folded stripline, so that the antenna had a wide bandwidth of about 37% at the center frequency of 2.313 GHz based on a VSWR ≤ 2. The antenna had dimensions of 11 mm × 11 mm × 11 mm and rectangular slits were inserted into the vertical ground plane to improve distortion of the radiation pattern. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1401–1405, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI.10.1002/mop.22422
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF VISUAL PSYCHOPHYSICS (1984)

REVIEWERS' ADDRESS: J. V. Lovasik G. C. Woo University of Waterloo School of Optometry Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
Copper Wiring Encapsulation with Ultra-thin Barriers to Enhance Wiring and Dielectric Reliabilities for 32-nm Nodes and Beyond (2007)

We successfully encapsulated Cu wiring with an ultra-thin self-forming barrier consisting of MnO and a bi-layer of MnO/Ta. TDDB test showed that the ILDs lifetime increased by a factor of 100 over that of our control sample. The encapsulated Cu wiring increased EM lifetime by a factor of more than 47. For via chains that are vulnerable to thermal stress, the encapsulated Cu wiring showed no SIV failure. The resistance of the encapsulated Cu wiring was 13% lower than that of the control sample. We expect encapsulated Cu wiring to have greater endurance to the electrical and thermal stresses for use in 32-nm nodes and beyond.
Phase‐Transition‐ and Dissipation‐Driven Budding in Lipid Vesicles (2009)

Abstract Membrane budding has been extensively studied as an equilibrium process attributed to the formation of coexisting domains or changes in the vesicle area‐to‐volume ratio (reduced volume). In contrast, non‐equilibrium budding remains experimentally widely unexplored, especially when timescales fall well below the characteristic diffusion time of lipids, ${\tau }$ . We show that localized mechanical perturbations, initiated by driving giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) through their lipid main phase transition from the gel to the fluid phase, lead to the immediate formation of rapidly growing, localized, non‐equilibrium buds when the transition takes place at short timescales (< ${\tau }$ ). We show that these buds arise from small fluidlike perturbations and grow as spherical caps in the third dimension, since in‐plane spreading is obstructed by the continuous rigid gel‐like matrix. Accounting for membrane and bulk viscosity, we demonstrate that dissipation favors the formation of multiple buds which decrease in size with increasing bulk viscosity. Above a certain critical rate of area change, which we experimentally control by the change in temperature, the dissipative contribution to the total energy of the system exceeds the elastic contributions and multiple budding is expected. This rate depends on membrane and media viscosity and is correctly predicted, in order of magnitude, by our theoretical description.
Taxonomy of online game security (2004)

Presents a classification of known attacks in online games and provide security solutions against them. While previous works just presented attacks and solutions case by case, this paper newly classifies attacks by objectives and methods. Moreover, presents attacks in each of four layers: client, server, network, and environment. Through this systematic classification, solutions can be provided more efficiently against even unknown future attacks.
A Numerical Study of the Flow around a Rectangular Cylinder with Critical Depth (2000)

Three dimensional simulations of the flow around a rectangular cylinder with depth-to-height ratio, d/h =0.6, are carried out by means of a finite difference method for a Reynolds number of 1000.First, the influence of the numerial viscosity caused by a third-order upwind scheme for the convection terms, on the results is investigated.Second, the effect of the spanwise aspect ratio under periodic boundary conditions on the flow around a rectangular cylinder is also examined. As the coefficient of the numerial viscosity term is changed from 0.2 to 3, a cylinder with d/h =0.6 clearly shows characteristic fluctuations in base pressure, indicating high and low values alternatively at an irregular interval.As the span length is extended from 2h to 8h, a three dimensional flow structure becomes dominant.
Pomegranate seed oil reduces intestinal damage in a rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis (2012)

Pomegranate seed oil (PSO), which is the major source of conjugated linolenic acids such as punicic acid (PuA), exhibits strong anti-inflammatory properties. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease associated with severe and excessive intestinal inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of orally administered PSO on the development of NEC, intestinal epithelial proliferation, and cytokine regulation in a rat model of NEC. Premature rats were divided into three groups: dam fed (DF), formula-fed rats (FF), or rats fed with formula supplemented with 1.5% of PSO (FF + PSO). All groups were exposed to asphyxia/cold stress to induce NEC. Intestinal injury, epithelial cell proliferation, cytokine production, and trefoil factor 3 (Tff3) production were evaluated in the terminal ileum. Oral administration of PSO (FF+PSO) decreased the incidence of NEC from 61 to 26%. Feeding formula with PSO improved enterocyte proliferation in the site of injury. Increased levels of proinflammatory IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α in the ileum of FF rats were normalized in PSO-treated animals. Tff3 production in the FF rats was reduced compared with DF but not further affected by the PSO. In conclusion, administration of PSO protects against NEC in the neonatal rat model. This protective effect is associated with an improvement of intestinal epithelial homeostasis and a strong anti-inflammatory effect of PSO on the developing intestinal mucosa.
CD30 Shedding from Karpas 299 Lymphoma Cells Is Mediated by TNF-α-Converting Enzyme (2000)

CD30 is a costimulatory receptor on activated lymphocytes and a number of human lymphoma cells. Specific ligation of membrane-bound CD30 or cellular stimulation by PMA results in a metalloproteinase-mediated down-regulation of CD30 and release of its soluble ectodomain (sCD30). In this report, it is demonstrated that PMA-induced CD30 cleavage from Karpas 299 cells was mediated by a membrane-anchored metalloproteinase which was active on intact cells following 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate extraction of membrane preparations. Moreover, CD30 shedding was blocked by the synthetic hydroxamic acid-based metalloproteinase inhibitor BB-2116 (IC(50), 230 nM) and the natural tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-3 (IC(50), 30 nM), but not by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors TIMP-1 and TIMP-2. This inhibition profile is similar to that of the TNF-alpha- converting enzyme (TACE) and, indeed, mRNA transcripts of the membrane-bound metalloproteinase-disintegrin TACE could be detected in Karpas 299 cells. The ectodomain of TACE was expressed in bacteria as a GST fusion protein (GST-TACE) which cleaved CD30 from the surface of Karpas 299 cells and concomitantly increased the level of sCD30 in the cell supernatants. Hence, TACE does not only control the release of TNF-alpha, but also that of sCD30.
Terminal Liquid Mass Fractions and Terminal Mean Droplet Sizes in He Free-Jet Expansions (2011)

The terminal liquid mass fraction in He free‐jet expansions is deduced from time‐of‐flight measurements using conservation of energy. Both the present results and results from prior measurements are correlated using a scaling parameter which was used previously for correlating droplet size as a function of source conditions. Deduced values of the mass fraction range from 0.047 to 0.42. The terminal mean droplet size is determined using a novel technique based on a size‐dependent attenuation of the beam droplets when impacted by electrons. The determined sizes are in agreement with sizes obtained previously by crossing the droplet beam with an atomic beam, confirming the suitability of the present technique, which is relatively simple in comparison with crossing the droplet beam with an atomic beam. Measured values of the terminal velocity of the droplets are compared with values calculated for a model in which real‐fluid properties are used for the enthalpy in the source but conversion of heat of condensation into energy of directed motion is neglected. The deviations from perfect‐gas behavior in free‐jet expansions are shown to be due to real‐fluid properties and condensation.
Urological Oncology (2008)

Objectives: It has been hypothesized that dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the main intracellular androgen in the prostate, affects prostatic tumour progression. In this study, we evaluated serum DHT levels at the time of prostate-cancer diagnosis in relation to survival. at the time of diagnosis were determined through radio-immuno assay. Subjects were followed up through the nationwide tax register. Medical records of all dead subjects were reviewed, and cause of death was established by an endpoint committee. Data were analyzed through Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox proportional-hazards regression. Results: Seventeen of 41 deaths in the cohort during follow-up were attributed to prostate cancer. Patients with of dying from causes other than prostate cancer. Conclusions: Although the prognostic value of DHT levels at diagnosis remains unclear, these results provides evidence of an association between low DHT and decreased survival in prostate cancer patients.