gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Hydroxythiols as Catalysts for Enantioselective Borane Ketone Reductions. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chondrogenic predifferentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in collagen type I hydrogels (2014)

Hyaline cartilage displays a limited regenerative potential. Consequently, therapeutic approaches have been developed to treat focal cartilage lesions. Larger-sized lesions are commonly treated by osteochondral grafting/mosaicplasty, autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) or matrix-induced chondrocyte implantation (MACI). As an alternative cell source to chondrocytes, multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded a promising option. We therefore investigated the feasibility of pre-differentiating human MSCs incorporated in hydrogels clinically applied for MACI (CaReS®). MSC-laden hydrogels were cast and cultured over 10 days in a defined chondrogenic differentiation medium supplemented with TGF-β1. This was followed by an 11-day culture in TGF-β1 free media. After 21 days, considerable contraction of the hydrogels was observed. Histochemistry showed cells of a chondrocyte-like morphology embedded in a proteoglycan-rich extracellular matrix. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed the expression of chondrogenic marker genes, such as collagen type II and aggrecan. In summary, we demonstrate that chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells embedded in collagen type I hydrogels can be induced under the influence of TGF-β1 over a period of 10 days.
V. Eaton Agent: A Review (1962)

V. Eaton Agent: A Review Affiliation Maurice A. Mufson, Henry H. Bloom, Michael A. Manko, James R. Kingston, and Robert M. Chanock CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.52.6.925 Published Online: August 29, 2011
[Primary and initial bacterial resistances in tuberculosis patients at a general hospital, 1983-1987]. (1990)

From july 1982 to december 1987 we prospectively evaluated the primary resistance (PR) of 248 strains of M. tuberculosis isolated from patients with several clinical forms of tuberculosis. The results were compared with those of a similar study carried out between 1978-1982. PR persisted relatively stable with time, although it showed a trend towards reduction. Isoniazide resistance (4.8%) still has a leading epidemiological interest. The 89% of strains showed isolated resistance to a single drug. Only two strains had associated resistance to INH and SM. Strains with PR to RIF, ETB or PZA were not detected. Of the 248 evaluated strains, 32 were isolated from intravenous drug abusers with AIDS. Only one of these strains had a low level (0.2 mg/l) PR to INH. At last two of these drug abusers developed acquired resistance to INH and ETB-RIF, respectively. Considering the difficulty to control chemotherapy in this group of patients, our finding has a considerable epidemiological interest.
Types of faculty development programs. (1997)

This paper offers an overview of faculty development program types, with references to specific programs described in the recent literature. Faculty development programs have been categorized in a number of ways. This review uses a variation of those typologies and suggests six types of faculty development activities: 1) organizational strategies, 2) fellowships, 3) comprehensive local programs, 4) workshops and seminars, 5) continuing medical education, and 6) individual activities. While these categories provide a conceptual basis for distinguishing among programs, actual programs in use often contain elements of more than on type.
Smooth Muscle Myosin II and Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin Expression in the Baboon (Papio Anubis) Uterus is Associated with Glandular Secretory Activity and Stromal Cell Transformation1 (1995)

The objective of this study was to investigate the localization and hormonal regulation of smooth muscle myosin II (SMM II) and alpha smooth muscle actin (alpha SMA) in the baboon uterus, since cytoskeletal proteins are involved in secretory function and morphological transformation. Uterine tissue was obtained from baboons 1) during the menstrual cycle, 2) following steroid treatment of ovariectomized baboons, 3) during pregnancy (Days 14-60 postovulation [PO]), and 4) during simulated pregnancy (Days 18-32 PO). Tissues were processed for immunocytochemical localization of SMM II or alpha SMA with specific polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, respectively. SMM II stained all smooth muscle cells of blood vessels and myometrium regardless of treatment. Glandular epithelial staining was present only in endometrium obtained during the luteal phase or following estrogen and progesterone treatment. Staining intensity was greater in the basalis than in the functionalis. The number of glands staining positive for SMM II on Days 18-32 of pregnancy and simulated pregnancy was variable. Glandular stain was absent after Day 32 PO. These immunocytochemical data were confirmed by immunoblot analysis of glandular cytosolic extracts. Stromal staining for SMM II was present under the luminal epithelium during simulated pregnancy (Days 18-32), on Day 25 of steroid treatment in the simulated-pregnant controls, and in nonimplantation sites during pregnancy. In contrast, alpha SMA staining was low or absent in all uterine cell types in ovariectomized baboons. Under estrogen-dominated conditions (follicular phase and estrogen treatment), alpha SMA staining was present in smooth muscle cells, and this staining persisted throughout the remaining treatment periods. Glandular epithelial staining for alpha SMA was absent in all treatment groups. However, alpha SMA staining in stromal fibroblasts underneath the luminal epithelium was evident as early as Day 14 of pregnancy and Day 18 of simulated pregnancy. The number of stromal fibroblasts that stained positive increased in the surface region of the functionalis between Days 18 and 32 PO, and the staining extended throughout the upper functionalis region. There was a decrease in the number of positively stained stromal fibroblasts, particularly at the implantation site, between Days 32 and 40 of pregnancy. By Days 50-60 of pregnancy, this staining was almost absent. The induction of alpha SMA in stromal fibroblasts in the functionalis region in pregnant baboons was confirmed by immunoblot analysis of stromal cell cytosol extracts. We conclude that the progesterone-induced glandular expression of SMM II may be involved in uterine secretory function and that alpha SMA expression in stromal fibroblasts during pregnancy and after long-term steroid treatment is associated with the decidualization process.
Multimodal Medical Image Elastic Registration Using Mean Shift (2008)

Estimating landmarks corresponding plays a key role in landmark-based multimodal image registration. In this paper, a novel landmarks corresponding estimation in multimodal image registration using mean shift algorithm is proposed. Edge feature potential is defined to transform images from intensity feature space to edge structure feature space. Image corner points are detected as candidate landmarks. Mean shift iterations are adopted to search the most probable corresponding point positions in the two images based on the edge structure feature. Moreover, mutual information between two local regions is computed to eliminate mis-matching landmarks. Finally, the source images are transformed by compact support thin-plate spline interpolation. Experiments show that the precision in location of corresponding landmarks is satisfied. The proposed technique is feasible and rapid shown in the experiments of various multi-modal medical images registration.
Unilateral Normal Perfusion Pressure Breakthrough after Carotid Endarterectomy: Case Report (1987)

The authors report a case of unilateral malignant cerebral edema that occurred after the removal of a high grade atheromatous lesion of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery. A form of unilateral normal perfusion pressure breakthrough caused by postischemic impairment of cerebrovascular autoregulation and exacerbated by systemic hypertension is thought to have contributed to this complication. Control of the hypertension and treatment of the cerebral edema with mannitol and dexamethasone led to a complete neurological recovery.
A study of chemical decapsulation techniques for new generation plastic molded IC packages (1995)

IC decapsulation is a crucial step for failure analysis. An improper decapsulation may lead to corrosion of bond pad metallizations and/or etching of the lead filters, effectively precluding further functional analysis. New generation plastic mold compounds and packages have rendered the traditional manual decapsulation techniques all but obsolete. This paper compares the advantages of automated decapsulation equipment and techniques over the conventional manual techniques. To encompass a majority of the decapsulation problems, the authors used a variety of plastic mold compounds and package types in this study. One fiberglass layered BGA package was especially vulnerable to manual chemical decapsulation, which attacked not only bond pad metallizations, but also the PCB materials. The authors will show that available spray etch systems provide reliable results with a substantial reduction in decapsulation time.
IMPROVED VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION CYCLES: LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEIR APPLICATION TO HEAT PUMPS (2006)

Hot water production as well as space heating using heat pumps is a proven energy efficient heating method.Heat pumps offer the advantages of reducing energy consumption, improving heating performance and reducing the negative effects on the environment compared with other heating methods.The further improvement of performance of vapour compression refrigeration cycles acting as heat pumps has been targeted by several researchers so that heat pumps will be able to achieve wider penetration into the building heating market.The major objective of this paper is to provide a comprehensive understanding of both simple and complex refrigeration cycles and to review the current status achieved in the performance of improved vapour compression refrigeration cycles.Suggestions for further improvement of performance of heat pumps refrigeration cycles and their components are also made.
Numerical method for the reconstruction of the refractive index profile of diffused waveguides (1981)

A description is given of a method for reconstructing the refractive index profile of diffused waveguides on the basis of inversion of the WKB formula. It is shown that this method can be used to reconstruct equally accurately both parabolic and exponential profiles. Additional data (the mode spectrum determined at several wavelengths and the effects of different coatings on a waveguide) make it possible to find the profiles of few-mode waveguides. Determination of the effective refractive indices of the TE and TM modes for two directions of propagation in the plane of an anisotropic waveguide gives the necessary data for the reconstruction of the profile of all the components of the permittivity tensor.
Q&A: What can microfluidics do for stem-cell research? (2010)

Stem-cell biology and microfluidics have both been hotbeds of research activity for the past few years, yet neither field has been able to successfully commercialize a clinical 'killer application' . Stem-cell behavior is exquisitely sensitive to environmental cues, and the important cues are difficult to establish, manipulate and quantify in traditional cell culture. Because the microenvironment can be controlled in microfluidics platforms, microfluidics has a lot to offer stem-cell biology and there are many good reasons for the fields to join forces.
Constitutive expression of murine c-FLIPR causes autoimmunity in aged mice (2014)

Death receptor-mediated apoptosis is a key mechanism for the control of immune responses and dysregulation of this pathway may lead to autoimmunity. Cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (c-FLIPs) are known as inhibitors of death receptor-mediated apoptosis. The only short murine c-FLIP splice variant is c-FLIPRaji (c-FLIPR). To investigate the functional role of c-FLIPR in the immune system, we used the vavFLIPR mouse model constitutively expressing murine c-FLIPR in all hematopoietic compartments. Lymphocytes from these mice are protected against CD95-mediated apoptosis and activation-induced cell death. Young vavFLIPR mice display normal lymphocyte compartments, but the lymphocyte populations alter with age. We identified reduced levels of T cells and slightly higher levels of B cells in 1-year-old vavFLIPR mice compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Moreover, both B and T cells from aged vavFLIPR animals show activated phenotypes. Sera from 1-year-old WT and transgenic animals were analysed for anti-nuclear antibodies. Notably, elevated titres of these autoantibodies were detected in vavFLIPR sera. Furthermore, tissue damage in kidneys and lungs from aged vavFLIPR animals was observed, indicating that vavFLIPR mice develop a systemic lupus erythematosus-like phenotype with age. Taken together, these data suggest that c-FLIPR is an important modulator of apoptosis and enforced expression leads to autoimmunity.
Spontaneous Formation of Eutectic Crystal Structures in Binary and Ternary Charged Colloids due to Depletion Attraction (2016)

Crystallization of colloids has extensively been studied for past few decades as models to study phase transition in general. Recently, complex crystal structures in multi-component colloids, including alloy and eutectic structures, have attracted considerable attention. However, the fabrication of 2D area-filling colloidal eutectics has not been reported till date. Here, we report formation of eutectic structures in binary and ternary aqueous colloids due to depletion attraction. We used charged particles + linear polyelectrolyte systems, in which the interparticle interaction could be represented as a sum of the electrostatic, depletion, and van der Waals forces. The interaction was tunable at a lengthscale accessible to direct observation by optical microscopy. The eutectic structures were formed because of interplay of crystallization of constituent components and accompanying fractionation. An observed binary phase diagram, defined by a mixing ratio and inverse area fraction of the particles, was analogous to that for atomic and molecular eutectic systems. This new method also allows the adjustment of both the number and wavelengths of Bragg diffraction peaks. Furthermore, these eutectic structures could be immobilized in polymer gel to produce self-standing materials. The present findings will be useful in the design of the optical properties of colloidal crystals.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Carboxylate Inhibitors for Matrix Metalloproteinases. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inactivation of<i>Giardia muris</i>Using Ozone and Ozone-Hydrogen Peroxide (1994)

Abstract The disinfection effects of the ozone molecule alone and that of ozone decomposition products when inactivating Giardia muris cysts were investigated at bench-scale using two different ozone demand-free laboratory buffer systems. The first water was a 0.05 M phosphate buffer with hydrogen peroxide added at a 10:1 weight ratio. The second water was a 0.05 M phosphate – 0.01 M bicarbonate buffer which quickly scavenged radical species from ozone decomposition. The C3H/HeN mouse model was used to assess the infectivity of ozone treated cysts. The phosphate-bicarbonate buffer system had significantly greater (P ≤ 0.05) inactivation of G. muris cysts than that observed in the phosphate buffer – peroxide system where ozone was completely decomposed in less than 120 s. Consequently, the design of ozone disinfection processes should maintain ozone residual for disinfection prior to the addition of hydrogen peroxide for the oxidation of other compounds.
380. Steroids and Walden inversion. Part X. The reconversion D-homosteroids into steroids (1953)

R. J. W. Cremlyn, D. L. Garmaise and C. W. Shoppee, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 1847 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530001847
Applying Ontological Similarity to Automatic Service Composition to Generate Alternative Business Processes (2012)

With the growing trend towards increased use of mobile technologies, companies have been providing their services on the web more than ever in order to fulfill user requests quickly in various situations. It is often necessary that two or more services from different providers are automatically composed in order to meet a single user request during runtime: this is called automatic composition of services. When a service composition is executed, it is automating a business process associated to the user request. If no compositions are found that can fulfill the request, the user might want to relax his requirements to accomplish his goal alternatively. The objective of this work is to present an automatic composition model that uses similarity between concepts of an ontology to generate alternative service compositions, thus enabling a single user request to be met in several different ways through different business processes. The proposal is validated through a software prototype that is exercised in the tourism domain.
Inferring smartphone service quality using tensor methods (2016)

Cellular network providers collect and use a wide variety of data for assessing the service quality experienced by their smartphone users. The data is essential for tasks ranging from event detection, problem diagnosis, impact analysis, coverage and capacity planning, load balancing, and performance optimization. For example, service quality measurements and data from drive-by tests provide useful and detailed information about different aspects of quality of service such as dropped calls due to handovers or radio interference. However, a major challenge for effective service quality management in operational setup is the presence of missing or unavailable data. Furthermore, the cellular data is inherently multidimensional, i.e. is a function of several variables such as location, device type, and time. Motivated by recent advances in handling multidimensional data, we propose to use tensor algebraic models and methods for cellular data prediction. The main idea is to model the data as a low rank tensor and use a rank constrained interpolation for data prediction. We focus on two recently proposed algebraic models employing two different notions of tensor rank. We test and compare the performance of the two approaches on real-world data sets collected from an operational cellular network and indicate the regimes in which one method is superior to the other. Based on these observations the proposed algorithm chooses the best of the two approaches using cross-validation.
Performance analysis of electromagnetic ID transmission system using 3-D finite element method (1998)

Great notice is taken of electromagnetic ID (IDentity) transmission systems. Therefore, 3-D numerical analysis is useful for optimum design of high frequency ID card systems which have complex structure. In this paper, the authors propose a new method for computing the transmission performance by employing the 3-D finite element method. In this method, the current vector analysis and the magnetic field analysis are coupled. The effectiveness of this method is clarified through the comparison with the measured results of the induced voltage of the secondary coil. In addition, the influence of the angle formed by the primary and the secondary coils on the directivity is investigated.
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Cirrhotic Liver: Current Guidelines and Future Prospects for Radiological Imaging (2012)

Noninvasive imaging has become the standard for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis in cirrhotic patients. Typical imaging features of HCC such as arterial wash-in and venous wash-out deliver very high specificity and acceptable sensitivity even in nodules from 1 to 2 cm in diameter. However, limitations apply specifically in hypovascular HCC, for which the addition of new techniques such as diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) or hepatobiliary MRI is helpful. Whereas DW-MRI adds to both the sensitivity and specificity, hepatobiliary MRI additionally contributes valuable information in cirrhotic patients on the histopathology of small lesions, including early HCC and high-grade dysplastic nodules. Biopsy of small, atypical lesions is associated with a high rate of false-negative findings and should be used only after careful consideration in selected patients. Here, we review the current international guidelines on HCC diagnosis as well as the latest developments in imaging that may contribute to safe detection and accurate characterization of suspicious nodules in patients with liver cirrhosis.
Periodontitis‐Associated Marker Bacteria in an Urban North American Patient Population: Application of a Commercial Immunoassay (1998)

We used an immunoassay to demonstrate marker organisms (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) in 3 private practice populations (F-ME periodontist, 55 patients; MHM periodontist, 179 patients; and EWM general dentist, 19 patients). Occurrence of the marker organisms involves the whole oral environment, not just individual sites, as shown by close correlation between presence of the marker organisms in 2 independent sites/samples within a single mouth. Presence of the marker P. gingivalis (and P. intermedia) relates closely to periodontal pocketing while presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans does not have this pocket-associated characteristic. There was no significant relationship between presence of the marker organisms and the number of teeth in a mouth, and in the periodontal practice patients there was no significant effect of gender on occurrence of the marker organisms. A. actinomycetemcomitans and the other 2 markers were found over the entire age range (12 to 75) of our patients. Regular periodontal treatment reduced occurrence of all marker organisms and increased the frequency of marker-negative patients and sites. Occurrence of the marker organisms above immunoassay threshold levels appears to represent how receptive a patient is to each individual organism. Most patients appear receptive to the presence of P. intermedia whether treated or not. Significantly fewer patients who underwent regular treatment show the presence of P. gingivalis or A. actinomycetemcomitans when compared to untreated patients. Diagnostic application of microbial markers requires ongoing clinical assessment of patients and careful clinical judgment. 1391.
Optoacoustic spectroscopy of gases utilizing an optical parametric oscillator with an LiNbO<sub>3</sub>crystal (1984)

A report is given of the first application of an optoacoustic method with an optical parametric oscillator in recording the absorption spectra of atmospheric pollutants in the spectral range 2.2–3.6 μ (propane and ethane molecules were used to test the method). Estimates were obtained of the sensitivity and linearity of the measuring system. Recommendations were developed on improving the system for the identification of separate hydrocarbons in complex mixtures.