gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoelectron and ultraviolet spectra of small-ring fused aromatic molecules as probes of aromatic ring distortions (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectron and ultraviolet spectra of small-ring fused aromatic molecules as probes of aromatic ring distortionsCielo Santiago, Ruth Wells Gandour, K. N. Houk, Wutichai Nutakul, Wesley E. Cravey, and Randolph P. ThummelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 12, 3730–3737Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00480a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00480a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peer to peer communications among mobile ground units in Ad-Hoc environment (2013)

Mobile Ad Hoc networks (MANET) are essential in situations where no communications infrastructure exists and the communicating entities are mobile. Design of such MANETs face serious challenges due to the dynamic topologies resulting in frequent route breaks and failed medium access attempts as nodes move and in some cases due to lack of scalable solutions as the number of communicating nodes increase. Such challenges are best addressed through new robust MANET architectures that are not constrained by current protocol structures, algorithms and operational hierarchy. In this article one such solution is investigated for terrestrial mobile nodes that exchange streaming data. The architecture integrates essential MANET functions using an algorithm to enable the coordinated operation of the functions. The solution is evaluated and compared with implementations using Optimized Link State routing (OLSR) with IEEE 802.11 Distribute Coordination Function (DCF) medium access control (MAC) and also with Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol with IEEE 802.11 DCF MAC for network sizes of twenty and forty nodes. The nodes moved at speeds from 3 m/s to 15 m/s using random waypoint mobility model with zero pause times. Performance results from models based on Opnet are presented to validate the robust routing and MAC of the proposed MANET architecture.
Candidate Metabolic Network States in Human Mitochondria (2004)

The human mitochondrial metabolic network was recently reconstructed based on proteomic and biochemical data. Linear programming and uniform random sampling were applied herein to identify candidate steady states of the metabolic network that were consistent with the imposed physico-chemical constraints and available experimental data. The activity of the mitochondrion was studied under four metabolic conditions: normal physiologic, diabetic, ischemic, and dietetic. Pairwise correlations between steady-state reaction fluxes were calculated in each condition to evaluate the dependence among the reactions in the network. Applying constraints on exchange fluxes resulted in predictions for intracellular fluxes that agreed with experimental data. Analyses of the steady-state flux distributions showed that the experimentally observed reduced activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase in vivo could be a result of stoichiometric constraints and therefore would not necessarily require enzymatic inhibition. The observed changes in the energy metabolism of the mitochondrion under diabetic conditions were used to evaluate the impact of previously suggested treatments. The results showed that neither normalized glucose uptake nor decreased ketone body uptake have a positive effect on the mitochondrial energy metabolism or network flexibility. Taken together, this study showed that sampling of the steady-state flux space is a powerful method to investigate network properties under different conditions and provides a basis for in silico evaluations of effects of potential disease treatments.
Cytotoxic activities of a fusion protein comprised of TGFα and <i>Pseudomonas</i> exotoxin (1989)

A cDNA encoding transforming growth factor type alpha (TGF alpha) was fused to the 5' end of a gene encoding a modified form of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE), which is devoid of the cell recognition domain (domain Ia). The chimeric molecule, termed TGF alpha-PE40, was expressed in Escherichia coli and isolated from the periplasm or inclusion bodies depending on the construction expressed. TGF alpha-PE40 was found to be extremely cytotoxic to cells displaying epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors. Comparison with a similar molecule in which TGF alpha was placed at the carboxyl end of PE40 demonstrated the importance of the position of the cell recognition element; TGF alpha-PE40 was found to be about 30-fold more cytotoxic to cells bearing EGF receptors than PE40-TGF alpha. In addition, TGF alpha-PE40 was shown to be extremely cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines including liver, ovarian, and colon cancer cell lines, indicating high levels of EGF receptor expression in these cells.
Synthesis of racemic and optically active codeine and morphine <i>via</i> the <i>N</i>‐formylnordihydrothebainones: (Chemistry of opium alkaloids, part X) (1978)

Abstract Starting from 3,4,5‐trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid), racemic 1‐(3,5‐dibenzyloxy‐4‐methoxybenzyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐6‐methoxyisoquinoline (3, Scheme) was synthesized. Resolution with (‐)‐( S )‐malic acid yielded (+)‐( R )‐3. By a Birch reduction, followed by N ‐formylation, and by acid‐catalysed cyclization, we obtained racemic and optically active N ‐formyl‐2‐hydroxynordihydrothebainone (6) . 6 Was selectively converted into N ‐formyl‐2‐(1‐phenyltetrazol‐5‐yloxy)nordihydrothebainone (7) . Hydrogenolysis of (‐)‐7 and of racemic 7 yielded (‐)‐ N ‐formylnordihydrothebainone (8) and racemic 8, respectively. Previously we had converted the N ‐formyl derivative (8) in various ways into dihydrothebainone. The conversion into (‐)‐codeine and (‐)‐morphine is known.
<title>Solution of Toeplitz systems for the restoration of 3-D optical-sectioning microscopy data</title> (1990)

using the discrepancy method and adding the result to f.For general A, it is prohibitively expensive to directly solve (7) and (8) for three dimensional data sets ofthe size we are interested in, typically of the order of 512 x 512 x 64. However, using the block diagonalization ofthe form (4), we show how this can be made feasible.For a given vector zf let g= AL\f. Taking the two-dimensional discrete fourier transform of each section
Pharmacopœia of the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat. Fifth Edition. By F. G. Harvey F.R.C.S. Ed. (1894)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
<i>In Vivo</i> Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging for Monitoring the Efficacy of the Cancer Treatment (2014)

The results showed a good correlation between fluorescence lifetime and the efficacy of the treatment. These findings show that in vivo fluorescence lifetime imaging can be used as a promising molecular imaging tool for monitoring the treatment outcome in preclinical models and potentially in patients.
Interaction between Penicillin and the <scp>dd</scp>‐Carboxypeptidase of the Unstable <scp>l</scp>‐Form of <i>Proteus mirabilis</i>, Strain 19 (1978)

Binding of penicillin to the DD-carboxypeptidase of the unstable spheroplast L-form of Proteus mirabilis results in the rapid formation of a modified enzyme-inhibitor complex which in turn undergoes rapid decay into reactivated enzyme and an antibiotically inactive penicillin degradation product. Major antibiotic metabolites recovered from such interactions were benzylpenicilloic acid and phenoxymethylpenicilloic acid from benzylpenicillin and phenoxymethylpenicillin, respectively, suggesting a second enzymic function of the DD-carboxypeptidase as a penicillinase of low efficiency. Statistical analyses made with the help of a linear regression program show that the enzyme interacts with the substrate UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-gamma-glutamyl-(L)-meso-2,6-diaminopimelyl-(L)-D-alanyl-D-alanine and either benzympenicillin or carbenicillin in a non-competitive manner.
Intracavitary VEGF, bFGF, IL-8, IL-12 levels in primary and recurrent malignant glioma. (2003)

Intracavitary levels of VEGF,bFGF,IL-8 and IL-12 were evaluated by ELISA in 45 patients,7 with recurrentanaplastic astrocytoma(rAA),12 with glioblastoma(GBM)and 26 with recurrent glioblastoma(rGBM).In 25patients plasma levels of the molecules were also quantitated.Twenty-three healthy controls were also studied forplasma concentrations of the same molecules.Plasma levels of VEGF(mean 33.89+/-6.71 pg/ml)and bFGF(mean l 1.1+/-3.24 pg/ml)were higher in patients than in controls(mean 16.78+/-3.7 pg/ml forVEGF,mean 0.21+/-0.09 pg/ml for bFGF)(p=0.04 and p=0.001,respectively)while plasma IL-12
A Method for Infesting Small Field Plots with Soybean Cyst Nematode (1994)

Abstract Field experimentation with soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) is difficult, because of problems in obtaining plots with desired population densities. Therefore, a technique was developed for infesting small field plots with soybean cyst nematode. In 1990 and 1991, cysts, eggs, and infective juveniles were mixed with soil and applied with a commercial fertilizer spreader. Infected soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] root segments were distributed by hand. Infested soil and roots were incorporated with a tractor‐drawn herbicide incorporator, and plots were planted to susceptible soybean. At‐planting egg densities in 1990 and 1991 averaged 184 and 100 eggs 100 cm −3 soil, respectively, representing 78 and 90% of expected egg densities. Resultant low densities of encysted eggs, which are highly aggregated, probably prevented detection of eggs in some plots. No soybean cyst nematode was detected in uninfested plots at planting, although some contamination was noted at harvest. This method may be appropriate for establishing soybean cyst nematode population densities for some small‐plot research.
Apolipoprotein secretion and lipid synthesis: regulation by fatty acids in newborn swine intestinal epithelial cells (1997)

The IPEC-1 newborn swine intestinal epithelial cell line was used to determine the effects of the uptake of various fatty acids on the secretion of apolipoprotein (apo) B and apo A-I, as well as triglyceride and phospholipid. Long-chain saturated fatty acids were taken up and stimulated triglyceride synthesis, and palmitic (16:0) and stearic (18:0) acids also stimulated phospholipid synthesis. However, these fatty acids did not enhance triglyceride, phospholipid, or apo B or apo A-I secretion. Oleic acid (18:1) was the most effective of all fatty acids tested in stimulating triglyceride synthesis and the secretion of triglyceride, phospholipid, and apo B. Linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acids were no more effective than long-chain saturated fatty acids in stimulating these processes. With saturated fatty acids, apo A-I followed the same secretory pattern as apo B. However, among the unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid was the least effective and linolenic acid was the most effective in stimulating apo A-I secretion. Basolateral secretion of lipid and apolipoproteins by differentiated IPEC-1 cells is differentially regulated by apical exposure to fatty acids.
Loss compensation by amplification in nanoplasmonic waveguides: Possibilities and limitations (2009)

The concomitant effects of the gain compensating loss process in a an optical waveguide are increased dissipation and signal to noise ratio degradation.This power dissipation is primarily due to the dissipative losses of the metal structures and Auger recombination in the quantum dots. The impact of amplifier mediated signal to noise ratio degradation and its effect on integration leads to a trade off between low power dissipation and signal to noise ratio. In this paper, the authors discussed loss compensation by amplification in nanoplasmonic waveguides.
Immobilization of Metals and Solids Transported in Urban Pavement Runoff (1996)

Urban areas in North America continue to grow in size and population. With this growth is an increase in automotive traffic, roadway pavement and deleterious anthropogenic constituents. Urban pavement runoff often transports significant loads of metal elements, solids, organic and inorganic constituents. Unlike organics, metal elements are not degraded. A partial exifitration trench (PET) holds promise as a passive control strategy for immobilizing dissolved and particulate-bound metal elements. Design of a PET requires knowledge of the partitioning of metals and characteristics of solids transported in runoff. An experimental field site located on a heavily travelled urban highway in Cincinnati was constructed to sample lateral pavement sheet flow. Results from five rainfall and two snow events indicate that Zn, Cd, and Cu are mainly dissolved in rainfall runoff while only Cd is mainly dissolved in snowmelt. Zn, Cu, and Pb are associated with the fmer solid fractions in both rainfall runoff and snowmelt washoff.
Application of Quadratic-Like complex residue number system arithmetic to ultrasonics (2005)

The concept of a "Quadratic-Like" Complex Residue Number System is introduced in which certain purely imaginary numbers exist as reals within the system. It is shown that the desirable properties of a Quadratic Complex Residue Number System with regard to extremely simplified addition, subtraction, and multiplication carry over to Quadratic-Like systems. Furthermore, unlike Quadratic systems, there are no restrictions on the moduli for Quadratic-Like systems. Applications of both Quadratic and Quadratic-Like systems to real-time signal processing for ultrasonic nondestructive testing and evaluation are briefly discussed.
An explicit physics-based model of ionic polymer-metal composite actuators (2011)

The Poisson-Nernst-Planck system of equations is used to simulate the charge dynamics due to ionic current and resulting time-dependent displacement of ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) materials. Measured data show that currents through the polymer of IPMC cause potential gradients on the electrodes. Existing physics based models of IPMC do not explicitly consider how this affects the charge formation near the electrodes and resulting actuation of IPMC. We have developed an explicit physics based model that couples the currents in the polymer to the electric current in the continuous electrodes of IPMC. The coupling is based on the Ramo-Shockley theorem. The circular dependency concept is used to explain how the dependency between the ionic current and the potential drop in the electrodes is calculated and how they affect each other. Simulations were carried out using the finite element method. Calculated potential gradients, electric currents, and tip displacement of IPMC were validated against experimental data. We also show how the model is general in respect to the different types of currents in the polymer and how it can be used in more complicated cases such as 3D simulations.
Procreation for Donation: The Moral and Political Permissibility of “Having a Child to Save a Child” (2001)

The crisis in donor organ and tissue supply is one of the most difficult challenges for transplant today. New policy initiatives, such as the driver's license option and required request , have been implemented in many states, with other initiatives, such as mandated choice and presumed consent , proposed in the hopes of ameliorating this crisis. At the same time, traditional acquisition of organs from human cadavers has been augmented by living human donors, and nonheartbeating human donors, as well as experimental animal and artificial sources. Despite these efforts, the crisis persists and is perhaps most tragic when it threatens the lives of children, driving parents to sometimes desperate measures. Herein, we address one very controversial step some parents have taken to obtain matching tissue or organs for their needy children—that is, having a child, in part, for the purpose of organ or tissue procurement.
Optical Filter-Embedded Fiber-Optic Radiation Sensor for Ultra-High Dose Rate Electron Beam Dosimetry (2021)

FLASH radiotherapy is an emerging radiotherapy technique used to spare normal tissues. It employs ultra-high dose rate radiation beams over 40 Gy/s, which is significantly higher than those of conventional radiotherapy. In this study, a fiber-optic radiation sensor (FORS) was fabricated using a plastic scintillator, an optical filter, and a plastic optical fiber to measure the ultra-high dose rate electron beams over 40 Gy/s used in FLASH radiotherapy. The radiation-induced emissions, such as Cherenkov radiation and fluorescence generated in a transmitting optical fiber, were spectrally discriminated from the light outputs of the FORS. To evaluate the linearity and dose rate dependence of the FORS, the outputs of the fiber-optic radiation sensor were measured according to distances from an electron scattering device, and the results were compared with those of an ionization chamber and radiochromic films. Finally, the percentage depth doses were obtained using the FORS as a function of depth in a water phantom. This study found that ultra-high dose rate electron beams over 40 Gy/s could be measured in real time using a FORS.
Improving Local Collisions: New Attacks on Reduced SHA-256. (2015)

In this paper, we focus on the construction of semi-free-start collisions for SHA-256, and show how to turn them into collisions. We present a collision attack on 28 steps of the hash function with practical complexity. Using a two-block approach we are able to turn a semi-freestart collision into a collision for 31 steps with a complexity of at most 2. The main improvement of our work is to extend the size of the local collisions used in these attacks. To construct differential characteristics and confirming message pairs for longer local collisions, we had to improve the search strategy of our automated search tool. To test the limits of our techniques we present a semi-free-start collision for 38 steps.
Symmetry properties of focused fields (1980)

It is shown that under very general conditions monochromatic scalar wave fields that have a focus in the sense of geometrical optics possess some simple symmetry properties with respect to the focus. Certain well-known but poorly understood symmetry properties of the three-dimensional amplitude distribution and phase distribution in the focal region of a uniform converging spherical wave diffracted at a circular aperture are found to be immediate consequences of our results.
Mild and Highly Selective Palladium-Catalyzed Monoarylation of Ammonia Enabled by the Use of Bulky Biarylphosphine Ligands and Palladacycle Precatalysts (2013)

A method for the Pd-catalyzed arylation of ammonia with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl halides, including challenging five-membered heterocyclic substrates, is described. Excellent selectivity for monoarylation of ammonia to primary arylamines was achieved under mild conditions or at rt by the use of bulky biarylphosphine ligands (<b>L6</b>, <b>L7</b>, and <b>L4</b>) as well as their corresponding aminobiphenyl palladacycle precatalysts (<b>3a</b>, <b>3b</b>, and <b>3c</b>). As this process requires neither the use of a glovebox nor high pressures of ammonia, it should be widely applicable.
Radiation and scattering by cavity-backed antennas on a circular cylinder (1993)

Conformal arrays are popular antennas for aircraft and missile platforms due to their inherent low weight and drag properties. However, to date there has been a dearth of rigorous analytical or numerical solutions to aid the designer. In fact, it has been common practice to use limited measurements and planar approximations in designing such non-planar antennas. The finite element-boundary integral method is extended to scattering and radiation by cavity-backed structures in an infinite, metallic cylinder. In particular, the formulation specifics such as weight functions, dyadic Green's function, implementation details, and particular difficulties inherent to cylindrical structures are discussed. Special care is taken to ensure that the resulting computer program has low memory demand and minimal computational requirements. Both scattering and radiation parameters are computed and validated as much as possible.
New Aspects in the Stereoselective Ethynylation of β‐C‐Glycoside Aldehydes. Application to the Synthesis of an Ambruticin Fragment. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photostimulation of Retrotrapezoid Nucleus Phox2b-Expressing Neurons <i>In Vivo</i> Produces Long-Lasting Activation of Breathing in Rats (2009)

The retrotrapezoid "nucleus" (RTN), located in the rostral ventrolateral medullary reticular formation, contains a bilateral cluster of approximately 1000 glutamatergic noncatecholaminergic Phox2b-expressing propriobulbar neurons that are activated by CO(2) in vivo and by acidification in vitro. These cells are thought to function as central respiratory chemoreceptors, but this theory still lacks a crucial piece of evidence, namely that stimulating these particular neurons selectively in vivo increases breathing. The present study performed in anesthetized rats seeks to test whether this expectation is correct. We injected into the left RTN a lentivirus that expresses the light-activated cationic channel ChR2 (channelrhodopsin-2) (H134R mutation; fused to the fluorescent protein mCherry) under the control of the Phox2-responsive promoter PRSx8. Transgene expression was restricted to 423 +/- 38 Phox2b-expressing neurons per rat consisting of noncatecholaminergic and C1 adrenergic neurons (3:2 ratio). Photostimulation delivered to the RTN region in vivo via a fiberoptic activated the CO(2)-sensitive neurons vigorously, produced a long-lasting (t(1/2) = 11 s) increase in phrenic nerve activity, and caused a small and short-lasting cardiovascular stimulation. Selective lesions of the C1 cells eliminated the cardiovascular response but left the respiratory stimulation intact. In rats with C1 cell lesions, the mCherry-labeled axon terminals originating from the transfected noncatecholaminergic neurons were present exclusively in the lower brainstem regions that contain the respiratory pattern generator. These results provide strong evidence that the Phox2b-expressing noncatecholaminergic neurons of the RTN region function as central respiratory chemoreceptors.
Computation method for the short-term stability of quartz crystal resonators obtained from passive phase noise measures (2013)

The amplitude-frequency effect is a well-known phenomenon in quartz crystal resonators. It can distort the results of short-term stability measurements. In our case, results are computed from phase noise measurements in passive bridge systems. This article presents a method to correct computation of short-term stability from passive measurements.