gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase: A Target for Anti-Osteoporotic Chemotherapeutics (2010)

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases (TRAcPs) belong to the family of binuclear metallohydrolases and catalyse the hydrolysis of a wide range of phosphomonoester and amide substrates. These enzymes have been characterised from numerous animal, plant and fungal sources. They are distinguished from other phosphatases by their resistance to inhibition by tartrate, their optimal catalytic efficiency at low pH and their characteristic purple colour, the latter due to an interaction between a conserved tyrosine residue in the active site and an Fe(III). Consequently, these enzymes are often referred to as purple acid phosphatases (PAPs). TRAcPs catalyse the hydrolysis of a range of substrates (including ATP) and are inhibited by the reaction product phosphate and related tetraoxo anions (i.e. molybdate, arsenate, vanadate), as well as fluoride. The interactions between these inhibitors and TRAcPs have been investigated with structural, kinetic and spectroscopic techniques, resulting in the proposal of a comprehensive eight-step reaction mechanism. In animals, TRAcP activity is directly linked to bone resorption; serum levels of the enzyme are therefore a main marker for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Furthermore, high expression levels in macrophages during pathogen invasion indicate a pivotal role for TRAcPs in the immune response. TRAcP has thus emerged as a major target to develop chemotherapeutics to combat osteoporosis and other bone-related disorders. In this minireview, we will revisit recent developments in TRAcP inhibitor design and synthesis, and discuss how inhibitors have been pivotal in developing an increased understanding of the structure, function and mechanism of this enzyme. Keywords: Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, purple acid phosphatase, osteoporosis, bone metabolism, reaction mechanism, drug design and development, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatases (TRAcPs), metallohydrolases, phosphomonoester, purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), tetraoxo anions, spectroscopic techniques, homodimeric, reactive oxygen species (ROS), transgenic, proteolysis, proenzyme, dephosphorylation, endocytosis, osteoclasts, Staphylococcus aureus, phagocytosed, Arabidopsis thaliana, homo-divalent oxidation, chromophoric Fe(III), crystallographic, spectroscopic, electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), sweet potato enzyme, mutagenesis, asparagine, bacteriophage λ, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), extended X-ray absorption fine structure, enzyme-phosphate complex, oxyanions, molybdate, phosphate, vanadate, tungstate, ethylphosphonic acid, naphthylenemethylphosphonic acids, bisbenzoyl
Capabilities of germanium detectors (1978)

The gamma ray detection efficiency and energy resolution of germanium detectors is reviewed. A general sensitivity equation for gamma-ray detectors is presented and calculated sensitvity curves are shown for a large volume balloon-borne spectrometer using germanium detectors. Improvement anticipated from a planned satellite experiment using germanium detectors is discussed.
Purification of human serum amyloid P component (SAP) by calcium affinity chromatography (1989)

Serum amyloid P component (SAP) has been purified from human serum by means of immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC). It was selectively concentrated on carboxymethylated aspartic acid agarose (CM-Asp-agarose) loaded with calcium and, employing very mild conditions, purified to electrophoretical and immunological homogeneity in a single step amounting to about 1900-fold purification. As a purification method our procedure thus compares well with bio-specific affinity chromatography.
Negative impact of myeloid-derived suppressor cells on CD8 effector T cell trafficking within the tumor microenvironment (TUM4P.924) (2014)

Abstract The success of immunotherapy and, unexpectedly, chemotherapy and radiation hinges on cytotoxic T cells gaining access to tumor targets. These observations have prompted interest in developing strategies to improve T cell trafficking in tumors. Here, we report that the ability of tumor vessels to respond to IL-6-dependent preconditioning regimens that boost CD8 effector T cell homing is temporally and inversely related to the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) within the tumor microenvironment. Using real-time intravital imaging and immunofluorescence histology, IL-6 therapies were shown to convert vessels from T cell-low to -high recruitment sites in murine tumors with minimal MDSC infiltration (i.e., CT26 colorectal, B16 melanoma, EMT6 mammary tumors). This conversion requires induction of the ICAM-1 trafficking molecule on tumor vessels. Conversely, mammary (4T1, AT-3 and PyMT-MMTV) and pancreatic (Pan02) tumors with high MDSC burdens were refractory to IL-6 therapies, but became responsive after acute MDSC depletion. To further investigate contributions of MDSC to poor trafficking, IL-6-responsive tumors were admixed at a ratio of 2:1 with MDSC from tumor-bearing mice. Sustained elevation of MDSC in admixed tumors resulted in failure to support increased T cell trafficking in response to IL-6-dependent therapy. Taken together, these findings identify a novel role for MDSC in immune evasion by limiting T cell trafficking at tumor vascular loci.
Platinum-loaded mesoporous titania by single-step sol–gel process with surfactant template: photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution (2005)

The utilization of mesoporous TiO 2 photocatalyst with platinum loading was investigated towards the photocatalytic H 2 evolution. A surfactant-assisted templating sol–gel process was used to obtain the mesoporous TiO 2 with uniform and narrow pore size distribution. Various platinum contents (0.1–0.9 wt%) were supported on the synthesized mesoporous TiO 2 by single-step sol–gel (SSSG), incipient wetness impregnation (IWI), and photochemical deposition (PCD) methods. The photocatalysts were methodically characterized by XRD, N 2 adsorption–desorption analysis, and TEM. The influence of different Pt loading methods on the photocatalytic performance was examined. The SSSG method, in which Pt precursor was introduced into the completely hydrolyzed TiO 2 sol prepared with a mesopore-directing surfactant template, was revealed to be a helpful candidate, exhibiting the highest photocatalytic activity (optimum loading of 0.6 wt%) as well as the broadest photocatalytic activity window. This method also proposes a great prospect to the development of highly active photocatalysts. .
Conformational Changes of Pyrene-Labeled Polyelectrolytes with pH:  Effect of Hydrophobic Modifications (2005)

Structural changes of pyrene-labeled and unlabeled poly(maleic acid/octyl vinyl ether) (PMAOVE) and poly(maleic acid/methyl vinyl ether) (PMAMVE) with changes in pH have been investigated in this study. The changes in the photophysical properties of pyrene are interpreted to investigate uncoiling or swelling of the polymeric chains with pH. The vibrational fine structure of the pyrene fluorescence (I(3)/I(1)) and the ratio between excimer and monomer fluorescence (I(e)/I(m)) of both pyrene-labeled and unlabeled PMAMVE and PMAOVE suggest that, at pH 4, the polymers are in the coiled form and PMAOVE forms hydrophobic nanodomains. An increase in pH ionizes a number of COOH groups on both PMAMVE and PMAOVE, which leads to the stretching or swelling of the polymers.
Acute effects of amiodarone in the isolated dog heart (1983)

Direct injection of amiodarone (10-1000 micrograms) into the sinus node artery of the isolated blood-perfused dog atrium produced dose-dependent negative inotropic and chronotropic responses that were unaffected by atropine. Intraarterial amiodarone also had a negative inotropic action on isolated left ventricular muscle preparations electrically paced at 1.5 to 2.0 Hz. A continuous infusion of 100 micrograms/min of amiodarone significantly suppressed the positive chronotropic effect of norepinephrine whether expressed in percent change or in absolute values; its positive inotropic effect expressed in percent change was not suppressed but rather enhanced by amiodarone. Calcium chloride induced positive chronotropic and inotropic effects expressed in percent change were, respectively, slightly suppressed and enhanced by amiodarone. Intravenous injection of amiodarone (5 mg/kg) decreased the heart rate and blood pressure of the support dog and produced a negative inotropic response in the isolated left ventricular muscle preparation perfused with arterial blood from the support dog. These results suggest first, that amiodarone has direct negative inotropic and chronotropic effects that are not mediated by cholinergic mechanisms and second, that it has a depressive action on norepinephrine and calcium-induced positive chronotropic effects and an enhancing action on their positive inotropic effects.
Effect of pH on the epoxidation of alkenes by the cytochrome P‐450 model manganese(III) porphyrin/hypochlorite (1989)

Abstract The epoxidation of alkenes by hypochlorite catalysed by manganese(III) tetraarylporphyrins in a two‐phase water/dichloromethane system is accelerated by lowering the pH of the aqueous phase. This effect is explained by a faster formation of the active [(P)MnO] + species from a (P)MnOCl complex for all types of porphyrin catalysts and additionally by a suppression of dimerization phenomena for non‐sterically hindered catalysts.
Modeling lossy transmission lines using the method of characteristics (1996)

This brief offers a circuit theoretic explanation of the pseudolumping technique that uses the method of characteristics for analyzing lossy transmission lines. A matrix-operator based error analysis is presented in the frequency domain, which can be used to define the validity of the approach within some error bounds and to efficiently arrive at the order of "lumping" in terms of the line parameters.
Practice and Patterns of Estrogen Treatment in Climacteric Women in a Swedish Population (1983)

A cohort of 23 233 women to whom estrogens had been prescribed and constituting a total material from a defined Swedish population was recruited for the purpose of conducting a prospective follow-up study of endometrial cancer. Their exposure to estrogens was studied in detail by means of a comprehensive questionnaire, which was mailed to 735 randomly selected women from the cohort and answered by 89%. This paper describes the practice of estrogen prescribing in the population and the patterns of exposure of the cohort, as estimated from the sample. Our results indicated: restrictive usage of estrogens with a marked downward secular trend in the frequency of prescriptions; short duration of treatment and frequent temporary interruptions; predominant choice of estradiol valerate compounds; preference for cyclic administration and low-strength tablets; acceptance of recommended dose levels; and adherence to a few, established indications for treatment. When compared with data from a large number of other epidemiological studies, the risk of endometrial cancer in this cohort is likely to be lower.
A Bistate Control of a Semiactive Automotive Suspension (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The purpose of this paper is to develop and experimentally validate a practical and effective technique for the automatic regulation of a hydraulic semiactive vibration absorber (SAVA) for automobiles. The work relies on a consistent hydraulic model of the actuator dynamics that includes the effects of fluid compressibility and a nonlinear viscous loss characteristic. A bistate control algorithm is developed using a Lyapunov approach that seeks to dissipate the energy of the system. The performance of the proposed semiactive damper design on a quarter car model of an automobile suspension is established experimentally on a vibrating test stand. The work provides evidence that the inexpensive hardware design makes it possible to improve the ride and handling performance.</div>
Transfer-function approach to random microdensitometer positioning errors (1982)

An analysis is conducted to determine the effect of random microdensitometer positioning errors on the computed Fourier transform (FT) of measured data. Three statistical measures of the FT are derived: the first two moments and the mean-square error (MSE). Results show that the expected FT is multiplied by the conjugate of the characteristic function of the position errors, whereas the variance and the MSE are multiplied by linear combinations of the same function. Working relationships are developed for both the continuous and discrete cases. The continuous errors were Gaussian and uniformly distributed. A simple model of a counter was used to develop expressions for the discrete case. These simple equations relate the error probability density function, or counter parameters to the relative root-mean-square error of the measured FT. An example drawn from reflection microdensitometry suggests that continuous position error tolerances should be about the order of 0.5 μm, with counter failure probabilities less than 9 × 10−9, for a 10% relative rms error in the FT.
EMMPRIN induces fibroblast MMP-2 and suppresses colon cancer cell-derived TIMP-2 expression (2004)

1825 Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling that is crucial in tumorigenesis involves proteolytic enzymes, primarily matrix metalloproteases (MMPs). The production of MMPs is stimulated by different factors, including extracellular matrix metalloprotease inducer (EMMPRIN; CD147). EMMPRIN interacts with fibroblasts that are frequent residents of the tumor stroma. We have shown that colony stimulating factor (CSF)-1 that regulates the differentiation of mononuclear cells is involved in colon cancer development. However, the interplay between colon cancer cell- and stroma cell-mediated regulation of MMPs and their tissue inhibitors TIMPs, remains unclear. Therefore, we profiled the MMP gene expression using MMP cDNA expression arrays in lysates of SW620 human colon cancer xenografts in different stages grown in nude mice. Expression of MMP-2, its inhibitor TIMP-2, and its activators EMMPRIN and MT1-MMP was further analyzed in SW620 cells in vitro and in vivo, using real time RT-PCR and Western blotting. The effect of EMMPRIN expressing human SW620 cells on host (mouse) fibroblasts was examined by co-culturing these cells, and by silencing the EMMPRIN gene using small interfering RNAs directed against human EMMPRIN. Gene profiling in arrays indicated a strong human EMMPRIN expression in tumor tissue. Subsequent PCR-analysis indicated that tumor-derived EMMPRIN expression increased with tumor development, whereas expression of the human TIMP-2 declined. Host (mouse) MMP-2 and MT1-MMP were constantly overexpressed during tumor progression. In co-culturing experiments, colon cancer cells induced fibroblast MMP-2 excess production, fibroblast TIMP-2 expression, however, was not affected. EMMPRIN gene silencing decreased significantly MMP-2 expression in mouse fibroblasts and resulted in a significant increase of TIMP-2 expression in SW620 cells. These results indicate that EMMPRIN in metastasis-derived SW620 colon cancer cells induces fibroblast MMP-2 production, associated with downregulation of MMP-2 inhibitor TIMP-2 in cancer cells. SW620-derived EMMPRIN may therefore facilitate ECM degradation and subsequently tumor cell invasion. Thus, blocking EMMPRIN could be of benefit in the treatment of colon cancer.Supported by Austrian Research Foundation (FWF) grant #P15819 to S. Aharinejad.
A PIV Study of Supersonic Impinging Jet (2003)

An experimental investigation of the flow and acoustic properties of an axisymmetric impinging jet, with and without microjet control, has been performed. The near-field acoustic measurements clearly show that the use of microjet control eliminates or significantly suppresses the impinging tones, and reduces broadband spectral amplitudes. To understand the physical mechanism responsible for the control effectiveness, the flowfields with and without control are examined using Particle Image Velocimetry Technique (PIV). The detailed PIV measurements reveal that the activation of microjets introduces strong streamwise vorticity in the form of well-organized, counter-rotating vortex pairs. The generation of these streamwise structures is speculated as the result of the tilting and stretching of the shear layer vortices when the microjets interact with primary jet flow. Due to this redistribution, the peak value of azimuthal vorticity is significantly reduced leading to a subsequent weakening of the primary jet instabilities. On the other hand, near the nozzle exit, the use of Microjets control increases the thickness of the shear layer further limiting the number of the unstable modes. The combined effect of an increase in thickness of the shear layer and a decrease of the peak azimuthal vorticity suppresses the instabilities in the primary shear layer. This sequence of events leads to the weakening of the feedback loop and the subsequent reduction in the flow unsteadiness of the supersonic impinging jet flow.
Association of Intraluminal Duodenal Diverticulum with Acute Pancreatitis (1975)

A case of acute pancreatitis is reported in a patient with an intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. Five previous reports of this association are cited, and the mechanisms through which the intraluminal duodenal diverticulum may cause pancreatitis are reviewed.
Adaptive resonance theory (2013)

SyNAPSE program of the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (Hewlett-Packard Company, subcontract under DARPA prime contract HR0011-09-3-0001, and HRL Laboratories LLC, subcontract #801881-BS under DARPA prime contract HR0011-09-C-0001); CELEST, an NSF Science of Learning Center (SBE-0354378)
The preparation in situ of a silver–silver chloride reference electrode (1994)

Abstract The preparation in situ of a silver‐silver chloride reference electrode includes anodic‐cathodic pretreatment of a silver electrode in a phosphate buffer solution comprising 0.1 M sodium chloride. At pH 7.0 and 25°C and with optimally pretreated electrodes, the potential of the Ag/AgCl electrode was 45.0 mV (vs. SCE) with a reproducibility of 0.2%. In a period of 30 seconds following a delay of 2 to 10 seconds, the electrode shows a very stable potential that changes only 0.2 to 0.3%. The electrode potential changes 0.3 mV/°C. The electrode shows nernstian dependence of the potential to the sodium chloride concentration. At the physiological level, the only electrochemically active compound that significantly influences the potential of the electrode is reduced glutathione. Paracetamol (0.2 mM) and uric acid (0.27 mM) after slightly the electrode potential. The electrode parameters in plasma are close to those of phosphate buffer solution, whereas in artificial blood, the reproducibility and the stability of the potential decrease. The reproducibility and stability of the electrode potential in capillary blood was 1.4 and 3.7%, respectively.
Fractionation of an Enzyme by Foaming<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFractionation of an Enzyme by Foaming1Morris London, Martin Cohen, and Perry B. HudsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 7, 1746–1747Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01103a518https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01103a518research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Obstetric Analgesia and Immunoreactive Endorphin Peptides in Maternal Plasma during Labor (1984)

β-Endorphin is one of the peptides secreted by the pituitary gland in response to stress. One would therefore expect activation of the β-endorphin system during labor and delivery, and this has been confirmed by several investigators. Little is known, however, about the primary mechanism responsible for the release of β-endorphin from the pituitary gland. In particular, it is not known whether the different types of analgesia used during labor have any influence on the maternal β-endorphin system. The present study was designed to investigate the pattern of immunoreactive endorphin peptides in maternal plasma during labor and the postpartum period, in relation to different types of obstetrical analgesia. A total of 52 healthy pregnant women, between 38 and 42 weeks of gestation, were studied during labor, at delivery, and during the immediate postpartum period. They were divided into three groups: group 1 (22 patients) received no analgesic medication; group 2 (20 patients) received 100 mg of pethidine intramuscularly, or 50 mg of pethidine and 25 mg of promethazine intramuscularly when the cervix was dilated 4–6 cm, in the presence of regular contractions; and group 3 (10 patients) had continuous epidural analgesia with 0.25 per cent bupivacaine without adrenaline, after a rapid preload with 1000 ml of Ringer's lactate solution. In all three groups, the highest levels of immunoreactive endorphin peptides were seen at delivery: 184 ± 20 pg/ml (mean ± SEM) in women without medication (group 1); 242 ± 43 pg/ml in women who had pethidine (group 2); and 127 ± 26 pg/ml in the epidural group (group 3). By comparison with the initial levels of the peptides (88 ± 13 pg/ml in group 1 and 119 ± 16 pg/ml in group 2), the increase in immunoreactive endorphin peptides became significant during the second stage of labor and at delivery. In patients with epidural analgesia, the initial level of peptides was similar (90 ± 20 pg/ml); but in this group, if the level did not rise at all during the late first stage and second stage of labor, and there was only an insignificant rise at delivery, 1 – and 3-hour postpartum immunoreactive endorphin peptides had returned to the values found at the onset of labor in all three groups (Fig. 1).
The Outcome and Structural Integrity of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair with Use of the Double-Row Suture Anchor Technique (2008)

Arthroscopic repair of a rotator cuff tear with use of the double-row suture anchor technique results in a much lower rate of failure than has previously been reported in association with either open or arthroscopic repair methods. Patients with an intact rotator cuff repair have better pain relief than those with a failed repair. After repair, large and massive rotator cuff tears result in more postoperative weakness than small tears do.