gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic-Signs Recognition System Based on FCM and Content-Based Image Retrieval (2011)

Artificial intelligent (AI) driving is an emerging technology, freeing the driver from driving. Some techniques for automatically driving have been developed; however, most can only recognize the traffic signs in particular groups, such as triangle signs for warning, circle signs for prohibition, and so forth, but cannot tell the exact meaning of every sign. In this paper, a framework for a traffic system recognition system is proposed. This system consists of two phases. The segmentation method, fuzzy c-means (FCM), is used to detect the traffic sign, whereas the Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) method is used to match traffic signs to those in a database to find the exact meaning of every detected sign.Request access from your librarian to read this article's full text.
VW'S STOP/START 21ST-CENTURY CAR (1980)

The VW 2000 project is described, a research effort partly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Research and Technology. The project is designed to use advanced concepts for saving fuel in passenger cars. The present experimental car has a fuel-saving drivetrain with an automatic stop/start capability. Two clutches are electronically controlled; a conventional type and a disc type between the crankshaft and flywheel. The second clutch disconnects the flywheel whenever the car is stopped or coasting and the computer simultaneously shuts off the ignition and fuel flow. The engine restarts itself from the flywheel. The car has lower emissions; it is much lighter and has lower aerodynamic drag than a VW Rabbit of the same size. Various powertrains of different performance levels are being evaluated (four-cylinder turbocharged gasoline and methanol engines, and diesel engines, including a three-cylinder direct-injection supercharged version). Many of the safety features of VW experimental safety vehicles are incorporated, including a fork-frame reinforcement of the body shell, a soft nose, and passive seat belts. Although further research will constantly refine the present VW 2000, major elements of the car can be expected in future Volkswagen production cars from now through 1990. A separate note describes the U.S. urban fuel economy project which involves the development of flywheels, continuously variable transmissions, and stop-start technology. In a reverse approach to the VW project, the American effort uses the flywheel for motive power and the engine to reactuate the flywheel. The project is being conducted at the University of Wisconsin, in association with Lawrence Livermore Laboratory and is funded by the Department of Energy.
Increase of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in Swedish schoolchildren between 1979 and 1991 (1995)

Asthma, AR and eczema increase continuously in prevalence in Sweden and the climatic distribution of the prevalences suggests possible major risk factors to be found in a closed indoor climate.
The utilisation of Fmoc solid phase chemistry as a novel approach to the generation of duocarmycin analogues (2015)

The family is characterised by a common spirocyclopropylcyclohexadienone pharmacophore. This unusual structural motif is responsible for exceptionally efficient alkylation of adenine bases following activation through conformational changes induced by non-covalent recognition of DNA’s minor groove. \nThis thesis describes the conception and multi-gram synthesis of a duocarmycin SA alkylation subunit suitably substituted to serve as a building block for Fmoc based solid phase synthesis and initial investigations into its application. \nChapter two describes the pilot and subsequent large scale racemic synthesis of the desired duocarmycin building block, and its preparative chiral resolution by supercritical fluid chromatography. The synthesis includes a novel route to an early indole intermediate, and represents one of the shortest available strategies to access a previously reported di-Boc-protected duocarmycin structure. The large scale synthesis afforded over 8 g of the racemic Fmoc-protected building block, representing a 3 % overall yield over 13 steps. \nIn chapter three, application of the building block to the conjugation of amino acids through solid phase synthesis is explored. This work highlights the importance of careful resin selection and the need to optimise cleavage conditions. A small library of duocarmycin analogues was generated, and subsequent assays revealed the effects of C-terminal amino acid substituents on biological activity. This work has demonstrated the potential utility of this building block for the future development of novel peptide linked antibody drug conjugates of duocarmycin SA. \nFinally, chapter four explores incorporation of the building block into polypyrrole structures, highlighting the potential for the direct solid phase synthesis of sequence selective bifunctional hairpin polyamides which contain the alkylation subunit of duocarmycin SA.
Analysis of Accelerants and Fire Debris Using Aroma Detection Technology (1998)

Abstract The purpose of this work was to investigate the utility of electronic aroma detection technologies for the detection and identification of ignitable liquid accelerants and their residues in suspected arson debris. Through the analysis of “known” accelerants and residues, a trained neural network was developed for classifying fire debris samples. Three “unknown” items taken from actual fire debris that had contained the fuels, gasoline, kerosene, and diesel fuel, were classified using this neural network. One item, taken from the area known to have contained diesel fuel, was correctly identified as diesel fuel residue every time. For the other two “unknown” items, variations in sample composition, possibly due to the effects of weathering or increased sample humidities, were shown to influence the sensor response. This manifested itself in inconsistent fingerprint patterns and incorrect classifications by the neural network. Sorbent sampling prior to aroma detection was demonstrated to reduce these problems and allowed improved neural network classification of the remaining items which were identified as kerosene and gasoline residues.
Measurement and Prediction of Blowing Agent Solubility in Polystyrene at Supercritical Conditions (1999)

Partition coefficients of several blowing agents in polystyrene at the infinitely dilute solvent concentration region are measured using capillary column inverse gas chromatograph (CCIGC). The measured partition coefficients are subsequently used to calculate binary interaction parameters in the perturbed soft chain theory (PSCT). Using these values, solubility data of blowing agents at the finite solvent concentration region are predicted as a function of pressure in accordance with the PSCT. The prediction results from the PSCT are comparable with the experimental data in the literature. In addition, the PSCT is found to be very sensitive to the partition coefficient (and hence, the binary interaction parameter).
Osteoprotegerin inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by enhancing autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in vitro (2018)

Osteoclasts are highly differentiated terminal cells formed by fusion of hematopoietic stem cells. Previously, osteoprotegerin (OPG) inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by blocking receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) binding to RANK indirect mechanism. Furthermore, autophagy plays an important role during osteoclast differentiation and function. However, whether autophagy is involved in OPG-inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption is not known. To elucidate the role of autophagy in OPG-inhibited osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, we used primary osteoclast derived from mice bone marrow monocytes/macrophages (BMM) by induced M-CSF and RANKL. The results showed that autophagy-related proteins expression were upregulated; tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive osteoclast number and bone resorption activity were decreased; LC3 puncta and autophagosomes number were increased and activated AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. In addition, chloroquine (as the autophagy/lysosome inhibitor, CQ) or rapamycin (as the autophagy/lysosome inhibitor, Rap) attenuated osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity by OPG treatment via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. Our data demonstrated that autophagy plays a critical role in OPG inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption via AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in vitro.
Molecular cloning and tissue expression analysis of obese gene in Chinese perch(Siniperca chuatsi) (2010)

In order to study the structural and functional relationship of vertebrate obese gene,full-length obese gene was isolated from Chinese perch by PCR and RACE methods.The Chinese perch ob gene consists of 2 exons and 1 intron and was 1 398 bp in length,which contained a complete open reading frame of 486 bp encoding a 161 amino acid peptide.Using genome walker method,the 5′-flanking region of Chinese perch ob gene was obtained and several potential regulatory elements were identified.Despite the significantly low amino acid sequence identity of leptin between different species,phylogenetic analysis revealed that teleostean leptins branch off before the separation of the amphibian and mammalian leptin cluster.Using Real-Time PCR,we analysed the ob gene tissue expression patterns of Chinese perch.The mRNA expression of Chinese perch ob gene was detected in all the examined tissues: highest in liver,followed by brain,and at low levels in other tissues including adipose tissue,intestine,spleen,and muscle,indicating that the ob gene expression and regulatory mechanism of fish might be different from mammal.
New autoperfusion preparation for long-term organ preservation. (1988)

The problems in long-term organ preservation are ischemia and toxicity from metabolic waste. A simple self-perfusing self-cleaning system has been developed that kept the heart, lungs, and kidney functioning for a mean time of 24 hours. Nine adult dogs were anesthetized and artifically ventilated. The heart and lungs were removed en bloc while being perfused by the heart. One kidney was connected to the descending aorta and inferior vena cava. No anticoagulant was used. Another group of six dogs without functioning kidneys was used as the control group. In the experimental group, urine output ranged from 26 to 48 ml/hr, aortic systolic pressures were 80-107 mm Hg, heart rate was 85-100 beats/min, serum potassium content was 3.25-4.40 mmol/l, and serum sodium content was 155-163 mmol/l. In the experimental group, blood creatinine levels decreased from 0.95 to 0.47 mg/dl during preservation; in the control group, blood creatinine levels decreased from 0.96 to 0.79 mg/dl. Lung biopsies in the preparation with the longest survival showed good preservation for as long as 24 hours, and no thrombi were present. This preparation has the advantage of no ischemic time, no foreign material in the circulation, and the ability to automatically maintain acid-base balance and blood electrolytes. The simplicity of this autoperfusion preparation may allow greater transport distance in organ procurement for subsequent transplantation.
Optimal Portfolio Selection Using the General Multi‐Index Model: A Stable Paretian Framework* (1990)

ABSTRACT The problem of selecting optimal portfolios is examined using the general multi‐index model. This model is useful because it allows investors to diversify across different types of assets and thereby exploit or hedge against a wide variety of economic conditions. The analysis is carried out in a stable Paretian framework with and without short sales. As such, it not only encompasses the mean‐variance results for a variety of index models as special cases, but also provides a broad framework for applying the arbitrage pricing theory to portfolio decision making.
Machine-to-machine communication as key enabler in smart metering systems (2013)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communications is a topic that has recently attracted much attention. Smart utilities will include a lot of M2M connected devices. The industry defines M2M communication as the automated communication between remote entities and central management applications. It provides real-time monitoring and control without the need for human intervention. The most represented example in the M2M segment is smart metering management which is defined as using ICT (Information and Communications Technology) technologies in utilities. It is understood as using one system for measuring and collecting energy consumption and other data of two or more of the above-mentioned energy forms. Diversity of end-user platforms makes the task of collected metering data dissemination very changeling. In this paper, we present a project, which goal was to develop proof of concept for smart metering based on existing M2M Service Enablement (M2M SE) Node developed in Ericsson. M2M Service Enablement is a platform that enables integration of telecom assets and device information with industry specific services and applications in a common user experience. Furthermore, a comparative analysis with the ETSI smart metering standards has also been made. Presented solution collects data from water, gas and electricity meters and stores the data in M2M SE node. Also, the solution is verified as a web application which provides data presentation of collected data to end user in graph form.
History and mechanical control of heel spur pain. (1990)

The symptom of heel pain from heel spur syndrome has both a cause (abnormal pronation) and an effect (inflammation at the heel spur area). I believe that heel spur syndrome cause and effect can best be treated mechanically by a two-stage approach. This two-stage approach uses a different orthotic for each stage. The first stage is to prescribe an orthotic to alleviate the cause through control of abnormal pronation by posting or wedging, and also to alleviate the effect by local accommodation and shock absorption of the inflamed area. The second stage of mechanical treatment is begun after the effect (local inflammation) has subsided. This second stage consists of treatment with a rigid functional orthotic to treat only the cause. This orthotic is more durable and controlling and will therefore maintain the patient and prevent abnormal pronation from occurring. Thus, the cause of pain at the heel spur area will be eliminated. Orthotics can be a great adjunct to treatment of heel spur syndrome. But, as is the case with any other method you use to treat your patients, orthotics are only as good as the theories on which you base them. There are a variety of excellent materials and computerized methods being used today for fabrication of orthotic devices, but they are only as effective as the knowledge on which you base them. If you do not understand the etiology of the mechanical problem and do not observe what treatment is successful and the reasons behind this success, the orthotic you prescribe is not going to have a high level of success, regardless of new materials or technology. You will be like the laboratory technician who can fabricate an orthotic, but cannot predict, with any level of confidence, whether it will alleviate the mechanical problem.
Circular Resonator with Corrugated Cylinders (2006)

This paper presents the analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering by cylindrical objects located arbitrarily in a circular resonator. The exact full-wave theory based on the mode-matching method is applied to analyze the structures. The resonance frequencies of the investigated resonators are accurately determined. Validity and accuracy of the approach is verified by comparing the results with Quick Wave FDTD Simulator and experiment.
Archaeology and Environment of a Bronze Age Cairn and Prehistoric and Romano-British Field System at Chysauster, Gulval, near Penzance, Cornwall (1996)

The project involved the survey and selective excavation of an area of field system adjoining the Romano-British ‘courtyard house’ settlement of Chysauster, near Penzance, Cornwall, supported by soil and pollen studies and by the extensive landscape surveys. The excavation had two main elements: study of the rectilinear field system and excavation of a Bronze Age funerary cairn incorporated in one of the field boundaries. The earliest field system, probably with origins in the 2nd millennium BC, was largely modified by a more irregular and strongly lynchetted field pattern, probably associated with more intensive Iron Age and Romano-British agriculture. There was also some medieval or post-medieval reuse and modification. The cairn pre-dated a boundary bank of one of the early fields and was the focus for a number of cremation burials. Six of these were accompanied by pots which, together with their radiocarbon dates, provide a significant group of the middle phase of the Trevisker variant of the British Food Urn ceramic tradition. Excavation of field boundaries showed evidence of long periods of modification and lynchet accumulation but lacked good artefactual or radiocarbon dating evidence. Soil and pollen analysis produced significant new evidence for this region, showing the former existence of a brown soil under open oak/hazel woodland, with some cereal cultivation taking place, prior to the construction of the Bronze Age cairn. Later cultivation techniques led to deterioration in soil status and to soil erosion. Some field boundaries may have been constructed at this time to conserve soil or as dumps for clearance stone. The changes, through deforestation, cultivation, and erosion influenced the plant communities in the nearby valley where pollen analysis of a peat section suggested three phases of human activity.
A 34-kd protein with strong homology to ras-like proteins inhibits epidermal growth factor activity. (1993)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its analog, transforming growth factor-alpha, are felt to be important in oncogenesis. When malignant rabbit fibroma virus infects RK-13 rabbit kidney cells, a 34-kd protein that inhibits the effects of EGF on certain target cell lines is produced. We have purified this protein using high-pressure liquid chromatography and gel electrophoresis. This purified protein abolishes EGF-induced cellular proliferation. It also causes the EGF receptor-bearing A431 carcinoma cell line to stop proliferating in vitro. This purified 34-kd EGF inhibitor (EGFI) redirects cellular protein phosphorylation in the presence or absence of EGF. Whereas EGF increases phosphorylation of cellular proteins in normal rat kidney cells, clone 49F, and A431 EGFI generally decreases it. Both EGF and EGFI cause increased protein production in A431 and normal rat kidney cells. The major species of protein synthesized by cells seem invariant to EGFI, with or without EGF. The partial protein sequence of two fragments of EGFI shows striking similarity to two ras like proteins. Possible means by which such a ras-like protein might inhibit EGF-induced cellular proliferation are discussed. Therefore, a purified 34-kd ras-like protein inhibits EGF-induced cellular proliferation and changes the targets for cellular protein phosphorylation. Studies are in progress to characterize this protein further, both structurally and functionally.
Speech-recognition technology in health care and special-needs assistance [Life Sciences] (2009)

This article provides an overview of speech-recognition applications currently in use or under development for health care and special-needs assistance; they pertain to the transcribing of medical reports, closed-captioning, conversational systems, and command and control.
Prediction of volume responsiveness in critically ill patients with spontaneous breathing activity (2008)

The passive leg-raising test is the only method that has been repeatedly shown to be reliable for predicting volume responsiveness in patients who experience spontaneous breathing. The appropriate utilization of this test requires a real-time assessment of its effects on systemic blood flow.
An Overview of Current Deep Learned Rendering Technologies (2021)

This paper focuses on various real-time and deep learning rendering technologies used in the rendering of images. Real-time techniques such as anti-aliasing and superresolution have been discussed. Two deep learning rendering models, namely DLSS and NSS, have also been discussed. Their merits and demerits have been listed. Current challenges have been mentioned.
Introduction (2014)

James Arthur Baldwin (1924–1987) was the most well-known African American writer of his generation. He wrote prolifically and received many awards because of the high quality of his work: a Eugene F. Saxon Memorial Trust Award (1945), a Rosenwald Fellowship (1947), a Guggenheim Fellowship (1954), and a Ford Foundation Grant (1959). In 1963, he won the George Polk Memorial Award because of the compelling ways he covered the burgeoning civil rights movement. In May 1963, Time magazine placed his portrait on its cover to acknowledge the stardom he had achieved with Dial Press's publication of his most famous book, The Fire Next Time. The National Institute of Arts and Letters elected him to its ranks in 1964. The City College of New York awarded him the Martin Luther King Jr. Medal for "lifelong dedication to humanitarian ideals" in 1978. In 1986, the French government made him a commander of the prestigious French Legion of Honor. As an eloquent, precise writer and a mercurially passionate spokesperson for human rights, he made a powerful impression on the world. He thought of himself as a principal witness to African Americans' struggle for human rights in the United States and sought, particularly through several of his novels, to tear down the racial and the sexual barriers people erect among themselves by exposing what he found to be shaky about them.KeywordsAmerican BaptismFord FoundationTime MagazineFamous BookHoly GhostThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
A Comparison of the Acid and Gastrin Secretory Responses to Hypoglycaemia and Meals in Duodenal Ulcer With and Without Acid Hypersecretion to Pentagastrin (1976)

In 60 uncomplicated duodenal ulcers (DU), maximum acid output (MAO) and acid output following insulin hypoglycaemia (IAO) were measured, and in 30 patients also the serum gastrin responses to insulin and to standard meals, In 7 normal controls, all 4 items were measured. Thirty-six of the DU had MAO within normal limits (normosecretors) and 24 were hypersecretors. Hypoglycaemic vagal response was higher in all DU than in normals and was, in normo-secreting DU associated with an abnormally large functioning G cell mass. This mass is not increased in hypersecreting DU and the greater vagal capacity is related to a supranormal parietal cell mass. An unknown mechanism, perhaps genetic, directs the trophic effects of an increased vagal drive to the gastrin cell mass in one group of DU and to the parietal cell mass in the other.