gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<sup>2</sup>H NMR Studies of Simple Organic Groups Covalently Attached to Ordered Mesoporous Silica (2009)

The rotational dynamics of several chemically simple organic functional groups covalently attached to ordered mesoporous silica (OMS) are reported using solid-state 2H NMR spectroscopy. Hexamethyldisilazane-treated OMS samples show that resulting trimethylsilyl groups rapidly rotate on the OMS surfaces, even at low temperatures. However, subtle differences are observed between TMS groups on MCM-41 versus SBA-15 surfaces, possibly due to the presence of micropores in SBA-15. Different secondary amines display different dynamic behaviors, which appear largely dependent on whether the amine can engage in hydrogen bonding with residual surface silanols. The N-methylamine groups exhibit dynamic behavior that is dependent upon loading. At low loadings a spectrum consistent with a methyl rotor is observed, and at higher loadings a fast rotation about the methyl group 3-fold axis and additional motion that leads to further narrowing of the line shape is observed. The N-benzylamine line shape is quite complex, qualitatively consistent with a 180° π-flip and an additional motion. In contrast, the piperazine groups are rigid on the NMR time scale. This is attributed to the inability of the secondary amine of the piperazine group to hydrogen bond with surface silanols due to conformational constraints.
Conformational analysis of sterols: Comparison of X‐ray crystallographic observations with data from other sources (1980)

Cystallographic data on over 400 steroids collected in the Atlas of Steroid Structure provide information concerning preferred conformations, relative stabilities and substituent influence of the interactive potential of steroid hormones. Analysis of these data indicates that observed conformational details are intramolecularly controlled and that the influence of crystal packing forces is negligible. Crystallographic data on the orientation of the progesterone side chain contradict published force-field calculations. In 84 of 88 structures having a 20-one substituent, the C(16)-C(17)-C(20)-O(20) torsion angle is between 0 degrees and -46 degrees. The 4 torsion angles that lie outside this range do so because of a 16 beta-substituent and not because of crystal packing forces. Not one of the 88 structures is found to have a conformation in which the C(16)-C(17)-C(20)-O(20) torsion angle is within +/- 15 degrees of the most commonly calculated minimum energy value. The narrow range of side chain conformations seen in very different crystalline environments in the 88 crystal structure determinations and the predictable substituent influence apparent in the data strongly suggest that crystallographically observed conformers seldom deviate from minimum energy positions, regardless of hypothetical broad energy minima, metastable states and small barriers to rotation. The 96 crystallographically independent determinations of the cholestane 17-side chain show that the chain has 4 principal conformations (A:B:C:D), occurring in the ratio 69:8:8:11. Although the fully extended side chain is clearly the energetically most favored one, in 16 observations of cholesterol itself only 6 are in the extended conformation. Some of the correlated conformational changes in the chains can be rationalized on the basis of model studies, but others apparently result from subtle intramolecular forces. The unsaturated B ring provides another element of flexibility in the structure of cholesterol. The 5-ene B ring is normally observed in an 8 beta, 9 alpha-half-chair conformation. However, in structures containing more than one molecular in the crystallographic asymmetric unit, at least one of the 2 molecules is found to differ significantly from this form. It may be that this inherent flexibility is responsible for the presence of conformationally distnct molecules in the same crystal. The intermolecular interaction observed in the crystal structure of cholesterol and its fatty acid derivatives illustrate the type of interaction between the steroid ring system and hydrocarbon chains that can be expected in membrane bilayers.
Nucleotide Sequence of a cDNA Clone Encoding a β-Amylase from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1991)

,B-Amylase (EC 3.2.1.2) hydrolyzes a1,4-glucosidic linkages from the nonreducing ends of starch or glycogen, releasing maltose with the 3-anameric configuration. This enzyme occurs in plants and in certain bacteria; however, its physiological function in some plants is not clear because the enzyme and its substrates are spatially separated. In the leaves of a variety of plants including Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (3), 3-amylase is located outside the chloroplast (5, 7). In pea and wheat, 3-amylase appears to be confined to the vacuole (1 1). The A. thaliana 3-amylase is also located in the vacuole as determined by nonaqueous fractionation (our unpublished results). However, the only known substrates for ,-amylase, soluble and insoluble starch, are confined to the chloroplast (8). The A. thaliana 3-amylase is the most abundant of the three major leaf amylases, making up about 80% of the total crude amylolytic activity (3). In the course of studying starch metabolism in A. thaliana, leaves of several starchless and starch-overproducing mutants were found to contain 10to 40-fold more 3-amylase activity than wild-type leaves when the plants were grown under a 12-h/ 1 2-h light/dark cycle (1). Under continuous light, mutant and wild-type plants were indistinguishable. In addition, ,3-amylase activity was increased in both the wild type and mutants by growing plants under a higher light intensity. Using polyclonal antibodies raised to the purified A. thaliana 3-amylase, we determined that the ,3-amylase protein accumulated in the mutants and in plants grown under high light intensity (5). To investigate how 3-amylase expression is regulated in A. thaliana, we isolated five cDNA clones from a X-Zap expression library using immunoaffinity-purified anti-3-amylase IgG. Restriction mapping and partial sequence analysis indicated that the coding regions of all five cDNAs were identical (data not shown). Here, we present the sequence of the longest complete cDNA which contains 2469 bases and a single open reading frame encoding a protein of 498 amino acids (Table I, Fig. 1). The mol wt of the protein from the deduced amino acid sequence is 56,069, and the apparent molecular mass of the purified protein as determined from SDS-PAGE was 55,000 D (5). 3-Amylase sequences are known from three other plants: soybean (4), sweet potato (9), and barley (2). The A. thaliana 3-amylase sequence is 69% identical with the soybean sequence at the amino acid level. When amino acids with similar side groups are included in the comparison, the A. thaliana and soybean sequences are 79% similar. The A. thaliana sequence is 64 and 63% identical with, and 75 and 73% similar to, the sweet potato and barley sequences, respectively. The active sites of the soybean (6) and sweet potato (9) f-amylases were identified by modification of the proteins
UV-B perception and signal transduction (1997)

Plant growth and development are regulated by aspects of the environment throughout the life cycle. Plants continually gather information about a wide range of environmental variables which elicit particular responses. Such environmental factors function as cues to initiate developmental transitions, for instance, in the photoperiodic induction of flowering observed in many plant species. However, environmental signals may also be potentially harmful and the plant's response is then to minimise damage. Examples of abiotic environmental stresses include drought, extremes of temperature and UV-B irradiation, the subject of this volume.
Effectiveness and safety of metformin in 51 675 patients with type 2 diabetes and different levels of renal function: a cohort study from the Swedish National Diabetes Register (2012)

Metformin showed lower risk than insulin for CVD and all-cause mortality and slightly lower risk for all-cause mortality compared with other OHA, in these 51 675 patients followed for 4 years. Patients with renal impairment showed no increased risk of CVD, all-cause mortality or acidosis/serious infection. In clinical practice, the benefits of metformin use clearly outbalance the risk of severe side effects.
Two-Dimensional Diffusion of Prodan on Self-Assembled Monolayers Studied by Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching (2004)

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is used to determine diffusion constants for the dye molecule 6-propionyl-2-dimethylaminonaphthalene (prodan) on silica and on a variety of organic monolayers grafted onto silica. Similar diffusion constants of ∼2 × 10-7 cm2/s are found for prodan on chlorotrimethylsilane (CTS) based self-assembled monolayers and on silanated poly(ethylene glycol) based monolayers. The similar diffusion constants are intriguing given the different surface free energies of these surfaces. No dye recovery is observed on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) based monolayers or on clean silica surfaces. No significant change in the diffusion constant is observed with varying relative humidity on any of the surfaces. A mechanism for the diffusion of dye on these four surfaces is discussed. A simple surface energy argument may explain why diffusion is extremely limited on both very hydrophobic and very hydrophilic surfaces, but is allowed on surfaces with intermediate polarities. Additionally, we suggest, in the case of CTS vs OTS based monolayers, that the presence of disorder in the CTS based monolayer is important for rapid diffusion. Similar concepts are presented for the other systems examined.
Riboflavin by Fermentation with Ashbya gossypii (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRiboflavin by Fermentation with Ashbya gossypiiV. F. Pfeifer, F. W. Tanner, Charles Vojnovich, and D. H. TrauflerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 9, 1776–1781Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50489a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (754 KB) Get e-Alerts
Low Memory Cost Block-Based Belief Propagation for Stereo Correspondence (2007)

The typical belief propagation has good accuracy for stereo correspondence but suffers from large run-time memory cost. In this paper, we propose a block-based belief propagation algorithm for stereo correspondence that partitions an image into regular blocks for optimization. With independently partitioned blocks, the required memory size could be reduced significantly by 99% with slightly degraded performance with a 32times32 block size when compared to original one. Besides, such blocks are also suitable for parallel hardware implementation. Experimental results using Middlebury stereo test bed demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
High-Precision Laser Spectroscopy D/H and <sup>18</sup>O/<sup>16</sup>O Measurements of Microliter Natural Water Samples (2007)

Newly available gas analyzers based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) lasers have been advocated as an alternative to conventional isotope-ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS) for the stable isotopic analysis of water samples. In the case of H2O, OA-ICOS is attractive because it has comparatively low capital and maintenance costs, the instrument is small and field laboratory portable, and provides simultaneous D/H and 16O/18O ratio measurements directly on H2O molecules with no conversion of H2O to H2, CO, or H2/CO2-water equilibration required. Here we present a detailed assessment of the performance of a liquid-water isotope analyzer, including instrument precision, estimates of sample memory and sample mass effects, and instrumental drift. We provide a recommended analysis procedure to achieve optimum results using OA-ICOS. Our results show that, by using a systematic sample analysis and data normalization procedure routine, measurement accuracies of +/-0.8 per thousand for deltaD and +/-0.1 per thousand delta18O are achievable on nanoliter water samples. This is equivalent or better than current IRMS-based methods and at a comparable sample throughput rate.
Voltage‐Driven Reversible Insertion into and Leaving from a Lipid Bilayer: Tuning Transmembrane Transport of Artificial Channels (2014)

Three new artificial transmembrane channel molecules have been designed and synthesized by attaching positively charged Arg-incorporated tripeptide chains to pillar[5]arene. Fluorescent and patch-clamp experiments revealed that voltage can drive the molecules to insert into and leave from a lipid bilayer and thus switch on and off the transport of K(+) ions. One of the molecules was found to display antimicrobial activity toward Bacillus subtilis with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 10 μM which is comparable to that of natural channel-forming peptide alamethicin.
Muscular strength correlated to jaw posture and the temporomandibular joint. (1978)

Lyman Abbott discusses the desires of leaders in the "New South" to provide opportunities for African Americans while keeping different races of people separate in social settings. Abbot asks President Roosevelt to meet with various southern leaders at the White House in order to show that Roosevelt respects their situation.
Predicting Scheduling Failures in the Cloud: A Case Study with Google Clusters and Hadoop on Amazon EMR (2015)

Cloud Computing has emerged as a key technology to deliver and manage computing, platform, and software services over the Internet. Task scheduling algorithms play an important role in the efficiency of cloud computing services as they aim to reduce the turnaround time of tasks and improve resource utilization. Several task scheduling algorithms have been proposed in the literature for cloud computing systems, the majority relying on the computational complexity of tasks and the distribution of resources. However, several tasks scheduled following these algorithms still fail because of unforeseen changes in the cloud environments. In this paper, using tasks execution and resource utilization data extracted from the execution traces of real world applications at Google, we explore the possibility of predicting the scheduling outcome of a task using statistical models. If we can successfully predict tasks failures, we may be able to reduce the execution time of jobs by rescheduling failed tasks earlier (i.e., before their actual failing time). Our results show that statistical models can predict task failures with a precision up to 97.4%, and a recall up to 96.2%. We simulate the potential benefits of such predictions using the tool kit GloudSim and found that they can improve the number of finished tasks by up to 40%. We also perform a case study using the Hadoop framework of Amazon Elastic MapReduce (EMR) and the jobs of a gene expression correlations analysis study from breast cancer research. We find that when extending the scheduler of Hadoop with our predictive models, the percentage of failed jobs can be reduced by up to 45%, with an overhead of less than 5 minutes.
territoriality in birds: Part 2 (1976)

territorial boundaries established by birds are sometimes remarkably sharp, even in homogeneous areas such as Horned Lark territories in Grasslands or desert. At certain times territorial boundaries may be relaxed. For example, when some predator attacks one member of a pair the alarm calls of the resident birds will bring neighboring birds into their territory. The neighbors are tolerated until the alarm subsides, then the residents chase the now unwelcome visitors out.
Substance abuse, comorbidity, and sensation seeking: Gender differences (1996)

Two hundred sixty-two probands and 261 of their relatives with DSM-III-R diagnoses of drug and alcohol abuse and/or anxiety disorders completed the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale. It was hypothesised that subjects with both substance abuse disorders and comorbid anxiety disorders would have lower sensation-seeking profiles than subjects with substance abuse alone. This was confirmed in women, with thrill- and adventure-seeking scores showing significant differences between pure substance abusers and those with a comorbid anxiety disorder, lending support to theories that substance abusers are a heterogeneous group. In men, there were fewer significant differences between diagnostic groups. If substance abusers are indeed a heterogeneous group, with some motivated by high sensation-seeking needs, a better understanding of these motivations can lead to more effective strategies of prevention and treatment, according to etiology.
A Linearly Polarized Radial-Line Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array (2016)

A linear polarized dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array fed by a radial-line waveguide is presented. The radial-line waveguide is simple in design and has a low loss with respect to the feeding structure of DRA arrays. A prototype array with 180-element is fabricated, which achieves a maximum gain of 26.7 dBi, a realized aperture efficiency of 59.5%, and improved linearly polarization properties. We show that there is a good agreement between simulated and measured results.
Elevated expression of eIF4E in confined early breast cancer lesions: Possible role of hypoxia (1999)

The translation-initiation factor eIF4E is rate-limiting for protein synthesis, and its over-expression results in oncogenic transformation of mammalian cells. eIF4E facilitates the synthesis of several powerful tumor angiogenic factors (FGF-2 and VEGF) by selectively enhancing their translation. In breast carcinomas, eIF4E is commonly over-expressed, but the pathology where this elevation is initially manifested is presently unknown. To probe whether the elevation of eIF4E marks an early stage of cancer development, we focused our research on early cancerous lesions. We have analyzed 70 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs), 78 ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS), 51 benign lesions and 4 model cell lines for elevated expression of eIF4E by several different methods: Northern/Western blots, immuno-histochemistry and in situ RT-PCR. eIF4E expression was markedly increased in IDC and in islets of viable cells in the center of poorly vascularized DCIS, which are not easily identifiable by standard histological stains. We also show that expression of eIF4E is increased by hypoxia and, presumably, in hypoxic areas of these lesions. We propose that clonal expansion of cancer cells, permanently over-expressing eIF4E, gives them a critical advantage to survive hypoxia and marks the transition toward the vascular phase of cancer progression. Hence, eIF4E may be useful in stratifying DCIS lesions according to their malignant stage.
High torque, low speed joint actuator based on PM brushless motor and magnetic gearing (2002)

An approach to joint actuation for space applications is presented. This electric actuator is capable of directly operating a robot arm, with the low speed, high torque, good smoothness, and intrinsic safety brake ability required by a typical space application. The actuator consists of a PM (permanent magnet) brushless motor and a high-efficiency magnetic gearbox built into the motor airgap, with no backlash but finite stiffness and quasisinusoidal torque vs. position characteristic. A complete finite element analysis has been carried out to verify the mechanical feasibility and to optimize the actuator design. The test design, with total mass of 3 kg including the sensor, reaches a torque density greater than 9 Nm/kg with an overall motor plus reducer efficiency of 63% at 150 W power level.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Relative Quantum Efficiencies of Some Ultraviolet Scintillators (1971)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Trinh Thi Hoang Mai and R. Drouin, "Relative Quantum Efficiencies of Some Ultraviolet Scintillators," Appl. Opt. 10, 207_1-208 (1971) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
MDCT-based dynamic, subject-specific lung models via image registration for CFD-based interrogation of regional lung function (2011)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become an attractive tool in understanding the characteristic of air flow in the human lungs. Due to inter-subject variations, subject-specific simulations are essential for understanding structurefunction relationship, assessing lung function and improving drug delivery. However, currently the subject-specific CFD analysis remains challenging due, in large part to, two issues: construction of realistic deforming airway geometry and imposition of physiological boundary conditions. To address these two issues, we develop subject-specific, dynamic lung models by utilizing two or multiple volume multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) data sets and image registrations in this thesis. A mass-preserving nonrigid image registration algorithm is first proposed to match a pair of three-dimensional (3D) MDCT data sets with large deformations. A novel similarity criterion, the sum of squared tissue volume difference (SSTVD), is introduced to account for changes in intensity with lung inflation. We then demonstrate the ability to develop dynamic lung models by using a pair of lung volumes to account for deformations of airway geometries and subject-specific boundary conditions. The deformation of the airway geometry is derived by the registration-derived displacement field and subject-specific boundary condition is estimated from registration-predicted regional ventilation in a 3D and one-dimensional (1D) coupled multi-scale framework. Improved dynamic lung models are then proposed from three lung data sets acquired at different inflations by utilizing nonlinear interpolations. The improved lung models account for nonlinear geometry motions and time-varying boundary conditions during breathing. The capability of the proposed dynamic lung model is expected to move the CFD-based
Server Selection and Topology Control for Multi-Party Video Conferences (2014)

This paper proposes new methods for multi-server placement and topology control in multi-party video conferences. Given a large server pool available from CDN infrastructures and datacenter networks, our lightweight methods can rapidly determine the network topology and select the best physical servers to deploy virtualized server instances on, with the objective of minimizing the mean end-to-end delay between clients. We propose D-Grouping, a ping-based clustering algorithm, which is used in combination with convex optimization to determine the network topology and fine-tune server selection. To verify the proposed methods, we present extensive simulation studies based on the ping traces collected from 518 PlanetLab nodes as well as real-world experiment results based on a prototype implementation.