gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful Application of Discontinuous SAGD Technique to Maximize Oil Recovery in Alberta's Oil Sands (2012)

Abstract The steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) process has proven to be an effective thermal recovery method for heavy oil and bitumen production. Recently, some innovative techniques based on the background SAGD operation have been applied such as conventional SAGD, Fast-SAGD, Hybrid SAGD, FA-SAGD. However, there has been much dispute over the question of economical efficiency due to high capital investment, operating costs, and the fluctuation of oil and gas prices. The integration of economic and technical aspects for SAGD performance plays an important role in field operation. Main problems to solve are how to design optimal operating conditions for a reasonable steam requirement with certain injection pressure to maximize economic feasibility under reservoir conditions. The previous literatures implemented sensitivity analysis and optimization of SAGD performance by classical methods based on numerical simulations lead to a lack of confidence level and ignored interactions effects between considered parameters, which may cause low efficiency issues in a field operation. In addition, the SAGD economic model in previous studies have not fully information with limited consideration on few factors. These restrictions can be avoided by the application design of experiment and response surface methodology to determine the optimal operating conditions for the production prediction. Then, discontinuous SAGD technique was operated to control the amount of injected steam at several specific injection time intervals. This study represented that the discontinuous SAGD performance is applied to three major formations of Alberta’s oil sands. The results showed that both oil recovery factor and economic profit are much higher than other techniques, especially the effective at deeper burial reservoirs of Clearwater and Bluesky formations. Moreover, amount of injected steam and water cut reduced significantly to cause lower operating costs as steam cost, led to increase NPV as well as minimal environmental damages.
Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETMs) Annotated Bibliography (2002)

This annotated bibliography is a collection of relevant literature for researchers, designers, and developers of advanced Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETMs). It focuses especially on natural language dialog and speech recognition for use in tutoring, training, and performance aiding systems to support military or civilian technicians or mechanics engaged in inspection, diagnosis, or repair of aircraft, ships, etc.. Books, articles, and standards documents are briefly described and evaluated to provide professionals with an efficient means to identify resources for use in IETM development, natural language dialog prototyping, and evaluation of such systems.
The Global HIV/AIDS Vaccine Enterprise: Scientific Strategic Plan (2005)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Fabrication of aspherical SU-8 microlens array utilizing novel stamping process and electro-static pulling method (2010)

A simple and novel method is proposed for the fabrication of aspherical SU-8 microlens arrays with a wide range of tunable focal lengths utilizing a soft SU-8 stamping process and an electro-static pulling method. In the proposed approach, an SU-8 stamp incorporating a micro-nozzle array and a reservoir containing unexposed SU-8 is fabricated on a glass substrate using a dose-controlled exposure process. Microlens arrays with diameters ranging from 20 to 500 μm and various radii of curvature are successfully fabricated using the proposed method. The low surface roughness (Ra = 3.84 nm) and high dimensional uniformity of the SU-8 microlens arrays (variation < 5% designed diameter) confirm both the optical quality of the individual microlenses and the general feasibility of the fabrication method. The innovative fabrication method proposed in this study provides a simple and efficient means of producing high quality aspherical microlens arrays with tunable focal lengths.
Nitrogen Chemistry and Coke Transformation of FCC Coked Catalyst during the Regeneration Process (2016)

Regeneration of the coked catalyst is an important process of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) in petroleum refining, however, this process will emit environmentally harmful gases such as nitrogen and carbon oxides. Transformation of N and C containing compounds in industrial FCC coke under thermal decomposition was investigated via TPD and TPO to examine the evolved gaseous species and TGA, NMR and XPS to analyse the residual coke fraction. Two distinct regions of gas evolution are observed during TPD for the first time, and they arise from decomposition of aliphatic carbons and aromatic carbons. Three types of N species, pyrrolic N, pyridinic N and quaternary N are identified in the FCC coke, the former one is unstable and tends to be decomposed into pyridinic and quaternary N. Mechanisms of NO, CO and CO2 evolution during TPD are proposed and lattice oxygen is suggested to be an important oxygen resource. Regeneration process indicates that coke-C tends to preferentially oxidise compared with coke-N. Hence, new technology for promoting nitrogen-containing compounds conversion will benefit the in-situ reduction of NO by CO during FCC regeneration.
Series resonant type soft-switching grid-connected single-phase inverter employing discontinuous-resonant control applied to photovoltaic AC module (2011)

This paper presents a high-frequency transformer link single-phase inverter system using a series resonant soft-switching scheme applied to photovoltaic AC modules. The proposed high-frequency transformer link inverter circuit consists of a full-bridge inverter, a series resonant circuit, an isolation transformer with center tap winding in secondary side and low-frequency distribution switches synchronized with a grid voltage. An AC output current is controlled by the discontinuous-resonant action that has constant on-time pulse pattern synchronized with the resonant frequency. Thus, the inverter switches are operated under zero current switching (ZCS). The basic operating principle and fundamental analysis to design the circuit parameters for the proposed inverter are described in the paper. The effectiveness of the proposed inverter is evaluated by using a prototype of 200W output capacity employing 190kHz resonant frequency based on Power MOSFET devices and a frequency modulation controller by MCU. The proposed series resonant inverter employing discontinuous-resonant control achieves maximum efficiency of 94.8% at 200W output power.
Thermionic cooling of optoelectronic and microelectronic devices (2005)

Solid-state thermionic cooling has gained attention recently because of its potential high cooling power. Thermionic devices based on semiconductor heterostructures utilize the band-edge offset at a heterojunction as the thermionic emission potential barrier and a thin layer to separate the cold and hot junction. In this paper, we present the behavior of thermionic coolers with periodic barriers using gallium arsenide/aluminium gallium arsenide (GaAs/Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As) semiconductor heterostructures. The exact numerical calculation to model the device performance has shown that the thermal efficiency in a multilayer structure is optimised when the effect of phonon scattering is introduced in the model. Besides, the thermal efficiency depends critically on applied bias.
cDNA sequences of two apolipoproteins from lamprey (1987)

The messages for two small but abundant apolipoproteins found in lamprey blood plasma were cloned with the aid of oligonucleotide probes based on amino-terminal sequences. In both cases, numerous clones were identified in a lamprey liver cDNA library, consistent with the great abundance of these proteins in lamprey blood. One of the cDNAs (LAL1) has a coding region of 105 amino acids that corresponds to a 21-residue signal peptide, a putative 8-residue propeptide, and the 76-residue mature protein found in blood. The other cDNA (LAL2) codes for a total of 191 residues, the first 23 of which constitute a signal peptide. The two proteins, which occur in the "high-density lipoprotein fraction" of ultracentrifuged plasma, have amino acid compositions similar to those of apolipoproteins found in mammalian blood; computer analysis indicates that the sequences are largely helix-permissive. When the sequences were searched against an amino acid sequence data base, rat apolipoprotein IV was the best matching candidate in both cases. Although a reasonable alignment can be made with that sequence and LAL1, definitive assignment of the two lamprey proteins to typical mammalian classes cannot be made at this point.
Restoring Kangaroo Grass (<i>Themeda triandra</i>) to grassland and woodland understoreys: a review of establishment requirements and restoration exercises in south‐east Australia (2005)

Summary Temperate grassy ecosystems are amongst Australia's most endangered ecosystems. Most remnants are small, fragmented and highly degraded. Practical methods for restoring native understorey species are urgently required. Dominant native grasses such as Kangaroo Grass ( Themeda triandra Forssk.) and Tussock‐grasses ( Poa species) have been eliminated from many remnants by heavy grazing in the past. The reintroduction of these grasses is a critical step for understorey restoration. This paper (i) reviews the literature on Themeda seed biology and seedling establishment; (ii) summarizes the lessons learnt from three major attempts to establish Themeda stands in south‐east Australia; and (iii) identifies the research needed to enhance Themeda restoration. Considerable information is available on Themeda seed and establishment biology, and restoration exercises have shown that Themeda stands can be readily established by surface‐spreading awned seeds in seed‐bearing hay. However, many practical challenges remain, including the need to identify optimal sowing periods, create better seedbed conditions, develop practical mulching techniques, and improve weed control. The use of seed‐bearing hay has constrained restoration to relatively small areas in the past. Future trials may benefit by using more concentrated seed products such as seed‐bearing florets and pure seeds which permit larger areas to be restored at one time.
Current Perspectives on Aptamers as Diagnostic Tools and Therapeutic Agents (2020)

Aptamers are synthetic single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences selected from combinatorial oligonucleotide libraries through the well-known in vitro selection and iteration process, SELEX. The last three decades have witnessed a sudden boom in aptamer research, owing to their unique characteristics, like high specificity and binding affinity, low immunogenicity and toxicity, and ease in synthesis with negligible batch-to-batch variation. Aptamers can specifically bind to the targets ranging from small molecules to complex structures, making them suitable for a myriad of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In analytical scenarios, aptamers are used as molecular probes instead of antibodies. They have the potential in the detection of biomarkers, microorganisms, viral agents, environmental pollutants, or pathogens. For therapeutic purposes, aptamers can be further engineered with chemical stabilization and modification techniques, thus expanding their serum half-life and shelf life. A vast number of antagonistic aptamers or aptamer-based conjugates have been discovered so far through the in vitro selection procedure. However, the aptamers face several challenges for its successful clinical translation, and only particular aptamers have reached the marketplace so far. Aptamer research is still in a growing stage, and a deeper understanding of nucleic acid chemistry, target interaction, tissue distribution, and pharmacokinetics is required. In this review, we discussed aptamers in the current diagnostics and theranostics applications, while addressing the challenges associated with them. The report also sheds light on the implementation of aptamer conjugates for diagnostic purposes and, finally, the therapeutic aptamers under clinical investigation, challenges therein, and their future directions.
The management of the patient with abnormal vaginal cytology following hysterectomy (1988)

Thirty-two patients presenting with abnormal vaginal cytology following hysterectomy were studied. Seven (21.8%) had had hysterectomy for benign conditions whilst 25 (78.1%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cervical carcinoma. Twenty-five patients had partial or total vaginectomy (15 as the primary procedure), and one required laser treatment following vaginectomy. Of 11 (34.3%) patients treated primarily by laser, five subsequently required vaginectomy because of persistent or recurrent cytological abnormality. All four patients treated with topical 5-fluorouracil or dinitrochlorobenzene subsequently required surgery. Nine of the 32 patients (28.1%) proved to have invasive carcinoma of the vagina on histological examination of the vaginectomy specimen. At the time of writing all patients in the study are well with no evidence of disease.
Synthesis of Electronic Bistable Circuits (1963)

In this report a synthesis procedure is developed to generate the dc configurations of new (as well as existing) electronic bistable circuits. Of particular interest are those semiconductor configurations employing three-terminal active devices which in themselves are not potentially bistable. To accomplish the above task, devices and/or electronic mechanisms are modeled in a unified manner using a controlled-resistance (conductance) model. In a systematic fashion, all possible combinations of two threeterminal device configurations are inspected and a drastic simplification to six basic configurations is made without loss of generality. Particular devices are next introduced and further eliminations are made. From the remaining possible bistable configurations, existing bistable circuits are generated together with at least two new circuits. Bistable operation of these two new circuits is confirmed by experiment.
Remote Sensing of Biotic and Abiotic Plant Stress (1986)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Concluding notes and further readings (1981)

Abstract Survey works and spectuib focused discussions are listed for the interested reader.
Protein Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Pulmonary Fibrosis (2008)

Fibrosis of the lung and other organ systems is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective anti-fibrotic agents for such disorders are currently lacking. Injury to epithelium-lined tissues in mammals is typically associated with a mesenchymal response, including the activation of myofibroblasts. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal disease that results from effacement of the normal alveolar architecture of the lung. Loss of lung capacity for gas-exchange and increased work of breathing eventually leads to respiratory failure and death. In cutaneous wound models, apoptosis of myofibroblasts are essential to scar-less wound healing. Recent studies indicate that acquisition of an apoptosis-resistant myofibroblast phenotype in the injured lung is associated with non-resolving and persistent fibrosis. The acquired resistance to apoptosis in myofibroblasts is mediated, at least in part, by the sustained activation of two critical pro-survival protein kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and protein kinase B (PKB/AKT). Therapeutic interventions that modulate the activity of these protein kinases with resultant alterations in the phenotype of myofibroblasts may prove to be effective anti-fibrotic therapeutic strategies. We discuss the potential roles for protein kinase inhibitors as novel drugs for fibrotic disorders. Progress in pre-clinical and clinical development of small molecule inhibitors targeting pro-survival protein kinases is reviewed.
Structural Requirements of FGF-1 for Receptor Binding and Translocation into Cells (2006)

FGF-1 binds to and activates specific transmembrane receptors (FGFRs) and is subsequently internalized and translocated to the interior of the cell. To elucidate the role of the receptor in the translocation process, we studied the effects of the elimination of distinct sites of the ligand-receptor interaction. On the basis of the structure of the FGF-1-FGFR1 complex, we substituted four key amino acid residues of FGF-1 from the FGF-receptor binding site with alanines, constructing four point mutants and one double mutant. We determined by in vivo assays in NIH 3T3 cells the ability of the mutants to bind to specific FGF receptors, to stimulate DNA synthesis, and to activate downstream signaling pathways. We found that correct binding to the receptor is necessary for optimal stimulation of DNA synthesis. All four single mutants became phosphorylated to different extents, indicating that they were translocated to the cytosol/nucleus with varying efficiency. This indicates that despite a low affinity for FGFR, translocation to the cytosol/nucleus can still occur. However, simultaneous substitution in two of the positions led to a total loss of biological activity of the growth factor and prevented its internalization, implying that there is only one strongly receptor-dependent, productive way of translocating FGF-1. We also found that the process of translocation did not correlate with the thermal stability of the protein. Additionally, we observed a clear negative correlation between the stability of the FGF-1 mutants and the efficiency of their phosphorylation, which strongly suggests that protein kinases prefer the unfolded state of the protein substrate.
A green protocol for rapid and efficient conversion of epoxides to thiiranes using alumina immobilized thiourea at solvent-free conditions (2016)

Solvent-free conversion of various epoxides to the corresponding thiiranes was carried out successfully with alumina-immobilized thiourea at room temperature. The reactions were completed within 2–9 min to give thiiranes with 83–98% yields. The utilized alumina can be reused for several times without losing its activity.
White House studies U.S. environmental technology industry, R&D (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTWhite House studies U.S. environmental technology industry, R&DStephen ColeCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1997, 31, 4, 179APublication Date (Web):June 8, 2011Publication History Published online8 June 2011Published inissue 1 April 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/es9722178Request reuse permissionsArticle Views18Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parameter estimation of accelerating target based on direct phase differentiation method in LFMCW radar (2008)

To solve the parameter estimation problem of accelerating target in LFMCW (linear frequency-modulated continuous wave) radar while MTRC (migration through range cell) occurs, a direct phase differentiation method is proposed. By direct phase differentiation operation along the slow time dimension, the linear coupling of fast time and slow time is successfully removed, as well as the phase order reduction of the slow time dimension. Two dimensional FFT (fast Fourier transform) processing is carried out to the differentiated signal, and acceleration estimation can be achieved, along with the coarse estimation of the initial velocity. Then the up-sweep and down-sweep beat signals are multiplied by the compensation functions which are constructed based on the estimated parameters, respectively, and initial range and velocity can be accurately obtained through decoupling operation. Detail performances are analyzed, including the acceleration resolution, the maximum unambiguous acceleration and the SNR (signal-to-noise ratio) improvement factor. It shows that the proposed method has lower SNR threshold than secondary mixing combined DPT (discrete polynomial-phase transform) processing. Simulation results testify the efficiency of the method.
Production of Chinese Hamster Monoclonal Antibody to a Human Cell-Surface Antigen Using a Hamster-Human Somatic Cell Hybrid as Antigen (1986)

Hybridomas producing monoclonal antibody (MAb) of predefined specificity were isolated from a Chinese hamster that had received injections of a Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrid. A standard method for the production of murine hybridomas was used to produce Chinese spleen lymphocyte X murine plasmacytoma hybridomas, and they were screened for complement-mediated cytotoxicity against a panel of Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrids and agglutination of human erythrocytes. Two hybridomas were established in tissue culture following limiting dilution cloning, and their reactivity with a panel of Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrids indicates that they are specific for the previously identified human cell-surface antigen a1. The Chinese hamster appears to respond preferentially to human antigens of Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrids, and it will serve as a useful tool for the production of MAb specific for human cell-surface antigens expressed in the many well-characterized Chinese hamster-human somatic cell hybrids available.
What Are the Attributes of a Biblical Leader (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to suggest three attributes of a biblical leader: perspectives, relationships, and interests. With these attributes, this paper examines the leadership of Gideon. According to these attributes, Gideon is not rated as a successful leader. In the first half of the narrative, Gideon obtained a God-oriented perspective, maintained sound relationships with God and his people, and was more concerned about communal interests than his personal interests. In the second half of the narrative, however, Gideon suddenly changed. God kept silent and Gideon lost the soundness. Gideon punished the Israelites in Succoth and Peniel severely. Gideon made an ephod and the Israelites worshipped it. Gideon seemed to give priority to personal interests. Based on the examination of Gideon’s leadership, a good Christian leader maintains a God-oriented perspective, keeps sound relationship with God and humans, and surrenders personal benefit to accomplish the communal good is needed.