gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mud Design To Minimize Rock Impairment Due To Particle Invasion (1977)

Solids invasion and formation impairment can be minimized by adding bridging materials to drilling muds. Measurement of size distributions of solids in the muds along with calculations of rockpore sizes can be used to design competent muds. Test results of a laboratory mud agree well with published results. Introduction Although invasion and formation damage occur with all muds during drilling, it is possible to minimize solids invasion and formation impairment by adding bridging material to the muds. This bridging material is chosen by matching its size to the formation-rock pore sizes. Techniques (particularly the Coulter counter method) are now available for measuring the size distributions of solids in the muds. This measurement, coupled with calculation of rock pore sizes from permeability or capillary pressure data, forms the basis of the matching procedures reported here for the design of competent muds that is, muds that impair to depths normally penetrated by perforations.Two rules are used for selecting the size and concentration of bridging materials.1. The median particle size of the bridging additive should be equal to or slightly greater than one-third the median pore size of the formation.2. The concentration of the bridging size solids must be at least 5 percent by volume of the solids in the final mud mix.Laboratory tests with competent muds show that impairment caused by invasion of mud particles occurred to a depth of less than 1 in., a depth normally penetrated by perforations. Levels of impairment observed do not significantly affect injectivity or productivity of the systems studied. A laboratory mud was tested on 4- to 6-darcy unconsolidated sand in a radial-flow apparatus. Also, a Wasson San Andres field mud was tested in linear flow tests on 5- and 50-md dolomite cores taken from the Wasson field. Where comparisons are possible, these results agree with those for similar tests reported in the literature. Results of Studies Results from investigations of the effects of drilling-mud particle invasion on rock permeability can be summarized as follows.1. Invasion and formation damage occur with all muds.2. The depth of invasion and level of impairment can be controlled, to a certain degree, by designing the mud to include bridging material.3. The effectiveness of the bridging material in reducing invasion is a function of the concentration and particle size of the material and of the pore sizes of the formation rock.4. Damage is most likely to occur in higher permeability formations; most muds contain sufficient quantities of particles, including cuttings, in the size range required to bridge lower-permeability rocks.5. Where invasion occurs, backflushing does not remove the impairment.These results are based primarily on tests performed on linear, consolidated cores using fluids that in many instances were not designed to minimize invasion. Although depths of invasion as great as 12 in. have been reported, impairment with competent muds has been found to occur within several inches of the wellbore. JPT P. 586^
Low-temperature annealed contacts to very thin GaAs epilayers (1986)

A low-temperature annealing process has been developed for the fabrication of low resistivity ohmic contacts to very thin (&lt;0.2 μm) n+ GaAs epilayers. It is shown that by altering the relative amounts of Ni in the commonly used AuGe/Ni/Au contact system, the anneal temperature can be reduced from the standard 420–450 °C to 320 °C or less without deterioration in specific contact resistance. The specific contact resistances were evaluated using the modified transmission line model.
IL-4 abrogates the inhibitory effect of IL-10 on the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in SJL mice [published erratum appears in Int Immunol 1997 Nov;9(11):1773] (1997)

IL-10 and IL-4 were studied with respect to their capacity to inhibit experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in SJL/J mice by immunization with the proteolipid protein peptide PLP139-151. Treatment with 2 micrograms IL-10/day from day 0 until day 12 delayed onset of disease and inhibited the severity of EAE. By contrast, a daily dose of 0.5 microgram IL-4 was ineffective. Instead of acting in a synergistic fashion, IL-4 even abrogated the inhibitory effect of IL-10. The effects of IL-10 and IL-4 treatment were largely consistent with the (lack of) ability of these cytokines to down-regulate the inflammatory response in brain tissue. Although IL-4 was ineffective in the inhibition of EAE, lymph node cells from IL-4-treated mice displayed a strongly inhibited peptide-specific IFN-gamma production. By contrast, IL-10, which was effective in inhibiting EAE, showed no significant inhibition of IFN-gamma at this level. Neither cytokine treatment resulted in detectable levels of peptide-specific IL-4. Indirect evidence for the activity of Th2 cells in vivo came from the observation that IL-10 inhibited the primary PLP139-151-specific IgG2a and IgG3 response in favor of IgG1, whereas IL-4 inhibited the primary antibody response to the peptide, regardless of subclass. The combination of IL-4 and IL-10 did not affect the subclass composition. The observation that IL-10-treated mice remained sensitive to re-induction of EAE is not in support of an important role of Th2 cells in regulating disease activity in this model of actively induced EAE.
Scanning absolute thickness of the protective overcoat layer on spinning optical disks (1986)

The recording layer of optical disks is protected from scratches and dust particles by a transparent overcoat layer which keeps these defects out of focus. The servo control objective lens design requires negative spherical aberration to counter the effect of focusing through air and then a refractive layer. This limits the thickness range of the overcoat layer within which this lens can properly focus. A tester was built to scan absolute thickness and thickness variations of this layer on spinning optical disks.
Cacao polyphenolic substances. 2. Changes during fermentation (1952)

Research Article| July 01 1952 Cacao polyphenolic substances. 2. Changes during fermentation W. G. C. Forsyth W. G. C. Forsyth 1Colonial Microbiological Research Institute, Trinidad, British West Indies Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1952) 51 (4): 516–520. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0510516 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation W. G. C. Forsyth; Cacao polyphenolic substances. 2. Changes during fermentation. Biochem J 1 July 1952; 51 (4): 516–520. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0510516 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1952 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1952 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Exploring EEG based Authentication for Imaginary and Non-imaginary tasks using Power Spectral Density Method (2019)

Abstract Biometric technology has swiftly emerged as a go-to solution for improving cyber security especially in financial fraud and security threats. EEG based-authentication is best of security in cyber security application as it is unique and cannot be replicated. The aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of adopting imaginary or non-imaginary task for human authentication. In this study, twenty subjects were recruited from undergraduate students with age ranging from 19 to 30 years old. The subject must be healthy and right-handed. The subjects were required to perform non-imaginary task (left hand or right hand movement) and imaginary task (just need to imagine the movement of left hand or right hand). Duration for each task is 1 minute and take rest for 1 minute between the tasks. Truscan EEG device (Deymed Diagnostic, Alien Technic, Czech Republic) with 19 channels were used to collect EEG data with 1024 Hz frequency sampling and the impedance is kept below 5 kOhm. Bandpass filter was used in pre-processing to extract alpha (8-13Hz) and beta (14-30Hz) waves. The signal was segmented and the power spectral density were calculated by Welch’s method and Burg’s method. The statistical features (mean, median, mode, variance, standard deviation, minimum and maximum) were obtained from PSD were used as input of classifier. K-nearest neighbour classifier (KNN) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) were applied for classification. In conclusion, Welch method gives the highest classification accuracy which is 98% for beta waves from channel C4 with the K-nearest neighbour classifier. Imaginary task shows the higher classification accuracy which is 98.03% instead of non-imaginary task which is 94.95%. Thus, imaginary task is more suitable for authentication.
Digital Composite Imaging for High Resolution Specimen Analysis (1994)

Abstract Recent advances in digital image processing hardware providing very high pixel resolutions can be exploited to solve problems in correlating high magnification feature analysis with specimen macrostructure. In neuroscience, for instance, analyses such as neuron counting which are performed at high magnification often need to be correlated with the overall structure of the specimen. Typically these procedures involve tediously moving between very low and very high power objectives. Once at high power, the positional knowledge of the objects of interest can be difficult to maintain. By integrating high resolution image capture with precise microscope automation, a digital composite image of the specimen can be created. Such composite images show the researcher a high resolution “map” of the specimen, facilitating the analysis of both macro- and microstructure characteristics from a single view.
Demand Estimation and Assortment Optimization Under Substitution: Methodology and Application (2007)

Assortment planning at a retailer entails both selecting the set of products to be carried and setting inventory levels for each product. We study an assortment planning model in which consumers might accept substitutes when their favorite product is unavailable. We develop an algorithmic process to help retailers compute the best assortment for each store. First, we present a procedure for estimating the parameters of substitution behavior and demand for products in each store, including the products that have not been previously carried in that store. Second, we propose an iterative optimization heuristic for solving the assortment planning problem. In a computational study, we find that its solutions, on average, are within 0.5% of the optimal solution. Third, we establish new structural properties (based on the heuristic solution) that relate the products included in the assortment and their inventory levels to product characteristics such as gross margin, case-pack sizes, and demand variability. We applied our method at Albert Heijn, a supermarket chain in The Netherlands. Comparing the recommendations of our system with the existing assortments suggests a more than 50% increase in profits.
HBV耐药：机制、检测和干预（上） (2006)

除了干扰素以外，只有两种药物一拉米夫定和阿德福韦被批准作为欧盟（EU）治疗慢性乙型肝炎（CHB）的一线药物。它们都是作为病毒多聚酶／逆转录酶的特异性抑制剂的核苷类或核苷酸类似物（NRTI）。除了拉米夫定和阿德福韦之外，一些其他的NRTI也被发现对HBV有效。还包括已经得到美国批准的恩替卡韦，以及用来治疗HIV-1感染的特洛福韦。在大多数CHB患者身上，单用任何一个NRTI治疗都能在短时间内迅速抑制病毒复制，但是由于耐药HBV毒株的出现，效果常常不能持久。
4-Isopropyl Phenyl Diphenyl Phosphate as Flame-Retardant Additive for Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte (2005)

To improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries, 4-isopropyl phenyl diphenyl phosphate (IPPP) was used as a flame-retardant additive in a electrolyte solution. The flammability and thermal stability of IPPP-containing electrolytes were investigated by means of burning test and microcalorimetry. It was found that the addition of IPPP can reduce the flammability, and delay the onset temperature of a major exothermal reaction of the electrolyte. Furthermore, the electrochemical performances of cells become slightly worse after using IPPP additive in the electrolyte. This alleviated trade-off between electrolyte flammability, thermal stability, and cell performance provides a possibility to formulate a nonflammable electrolyte containing 5–15% of IPPP and improve the electrolyte thermal stability with a minimal sacrifice in performance.
Deoxyribonucleic acid sequence of a gene from the Pseudomonas transposon TN501 encoding mercuric reductase (1983)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the merA gene from the mercury-resistance transposon Tn501 and have predicted the structure of the gene product, mercuric reductase. The DNA sequence predicts a polypeptide of Mr 58 660, the primary structure of which shows strong homologies to glutathione reductase and lipoamide dehydrogenase, but mercuric reductase contains as additional N-terminal region that may form a separate domain. The implications of these comparisons for the tertiary structure and mechanism of mercuric reductase are discussed. The DNA sequence presented here has an overall G+C content of 65.1 mol%, typical of the bulk DNA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from which Tn501 was originally isolated. Analysis of the codon usage in the merA gene shows that codons with C or G at the third position are preferentially utilized.
Depth reduction for quantum Clifford circuits through Pauli measurements (2018)

Clifford circuits play an important role in quantum computation. Gottesman and Chuang proposed a gate teleportation protocol so that a quantum circuit can be implemented by the teleportation circuit with specific ancillary qubits. In particular, an $n$-qubit Clifford circuit $U$ can be implemented by preparing an ancillary stabilizer state $(I\otimes U)|Φ^+\rangle^{\otimes n}$ for teleportation and doing a Pauli correction conditioned on the measurement. In this paper, we provide an alternative procedure to implement a Clifford circuit through Pauli measurements, by preparing $O(1)$ ancillas that are Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) stabilizer states. That is to say, $O(1)$ CSS states are sufficient to implement any Clifford circuit. As an application to fault-tolerant quantum computation, any Clifford circuit can be implemented by $O(1)$ steps of Steane syndrome extraction if clean CSS stabilizer states are available.
Control Electronics of the PEP RF System (1981)

The operation of the major components used for controlling the phase and field level of the PEP RF cavities is described. The control electronics of one RF station is composed of several control loops: each cavity has a tuners' servo loop which maintains the frequency constant and also keeps the fields of each cavity balanced; the total gap voltage developed by a pair of cavities is regulated by a gap voltage controller; finally, the phase variation along the amplification chain, the klystron and the cavities are compensated by a phase lock loop. The design criteria of each loop are set forth and the circuit implementation and test results are presented.
Autoclave‐Assisted Acidic Extraction of Water‐Soluble Carbohydrates in Forage Grasses (2006)

Abstract Methods for extracting water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) in plants are often time‐consuming and limited to few samples per run. Aiming at resolving such restraints, the utilization of an autoclave in replacement of the traditional reflux‐based protocol was studied in completely randomized design experiments with five replicates. WSC contents were determined in stocks of 11 standards and samples of 14 grass species, following autoclave‐ or reflux‐assisted hydrolyzation. Results revealed that both methods were equally effective in recovering most standards, and plant WSC levels were similar or only narrowly lower with autoclave. Autoclave was operationally advantageous, allowing for 15‐min concurrent processing of 90 samples against a 150‐min extraction of 4 samples with reflux, and energy savings of more than 87% on a per sample basis. It is concluded that the utilization of autoclave for acidic WSC extraction is feasible and even preferable compared with reflux for the studied standards and grasses.
Photochemical Initiation of Thrombosis (1988)

A new method of producing vascular occlusion, photochemical activation of intravenously injected rose bengal, was used to produce experimental thrombosis of the preretinal and choroidal blood vessels in rabbit eyes. Fluorescein angiography and light and electron microscopy were used to describe the resultant pathologic alterations over time. As early as one hour after treatment, the endothelium of both preretinal and choroidal blood vessels was severely damaged or completely obliterated, and platelet aggregates occluded the vascular lumina. Occlusion of the preretinal and choroidal blood vessels persisted for up to three days; however, endothelial regeneration and reperfusion had occurred in both vascular beds by seven days. In addition, the retinal pigment epithelium and myelin wings suffered ischemic damage. The retinal pigment epithelium began to recover by seven days, but the myelin wings appeared to be irreversibly damaged.
Endogenous Digitalis-Like Factors (1992)

The postulate of a natriuretic factor inhibiting the sodium pump in the kidney led to the detection of increased concentrations of endogenous digitalis-like factors in blood after salt loading, in essential hypertension, in pregnancy-induced hypertension and in chronic hypervolaemia. The recent isolation of ouabain or a close isomer thereof from human plasma and the demonstration of a compound similar if not identical to digoxin in adrenals and human urine shows that mammals like non-vertebrates and toads may synthesize cardiac glycosides in their adrenals and possibly in hypothalamus. The hypothalamus also forms other compounds of unknown structure which bind to the cardiac glycoside receptor site. The differential functions of endogenously formed ouabain and of a digoxin-like substance are unclear. The detailed knowledge of the physiological role of both endogenously formed cardiac glycosides in the regulation of blood pressure has still to be worked out.
Ternary sequences with perfect periodic autocorrelation (Corresp.) (1983)

We construct <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0, \pm 1</tex> sequences of length <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(q^{2l+1}-l)/(q-1)</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q=2^{s}</tex> , with out-of-phase periodic autocorrelation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</tex> , and in-phase correlation <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q^{2l};</tex> SUch that the peak factor of radiation is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(q^{2l+1}-1) /(q^{2+l}-q^{2l})</tex> , which is close to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</tex> as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</tex> becomes large.
Performance evaluation of load distribution strategies in parallel branch and bound computations (2002)

Load distribution is essential for efficient use of available processors in a parallel branch-and-bound computation because the computation generates and consumes non-uniform subproblems at runtime. This paper presents six decentralized load distribution strategies. They are incorporated in a runtime support system, and evaluated in the solution of set partitioning problems on two parallel computer systems. It is observed that local averaging strategies outperform the randomized allocation and the Acwn algorithm significantly in large scale systems. They lead to an almost linear speedup in a PowerPC-based system with up to 32 nodes and to a speedup of 146.8 in a transputer-based system with 256 nodes. It is also observed that the randomized allocation and the Acwn algorithm can be improved by 10% to 15% when the bound information of subproblems is accounted for in the decision-making for load balancing.
Denial of service in public key protocols (2000)

Network denial of service attacks have become a widespread problem on the Internet. However, denial of service is often considered to be an implementation issue by protocol designers. In this paper I present a survey of the literature on designing denial of service resistant communication protocols. I consider several different types of resources vulnerable to resource consumption attacks, and outline countermeasures against such attacks. I also describe how these countermeasures are used in the ISAKMP/IKE and Photuris protocols, and give overview of design recommendations for future protocols. 1
Otwarta nauka, czyli dobre praktyki uczonych (2013)

Autor przestawil idee open access i nowe modele publikowania naukowe, związane z tym korzyści i problemy.  Krok po kroku prowadzi czytelnika przez praktyczne aspekty zarowno prawne, jak i technologiczne publikowania otwartego w Internecie.
Hormone-sensitive lipase in brown adipose tissue: Identification and effect of cold exposure (1987)

Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) in brown adipose tissue from mice was identified through immunoprecipitation with a polyclonal antibody (anti-HSL) towards rat white fat HSL and Western blotting. An 82 kDa polypeptide, slightly smaller than the rat white fat HSL 84 kDa subunit, was detected and its identity as HSL verified by inhibition properties. The HSL concentration per g tissue was several-fold higher in the mouse brown adipose tissue than in the rat white adipose tissue, but the specific activities per mg protein were similar. Cold-exposure (4 degrees C) of the mice for 24 h approximately doubled the HSL concentration but this increase parallelled the overall protein increase and did not reflect a specific effect on the HSL.
Triage Simulation in a Virtual Environment (1995)

Triage is the assessment of physical conditions of casualties with limited support of staff and equipment. The critical factor in handling a mass casualty situation is time. The focus is on the quick and accurate assessment of the physical conditions of casualties and the application of life-saving treatment to those who stand a chance to survive their inflictions under curont circumstances. However, the survival and revitalisation of a group of casualties has a higher priority than the treatment of an individual casualty. In a military triage training programme expert medical knowledge is conveyed to non-specialists who should be able to assess casualty conditions. Such a programme can be facilitated with computer-based training equipment and training in a Virtual Environment to allow for flexible "on-demand" training focused to a military deployment. In this paper we present Virtual Environment technology, including actuator and sensor technology, and elaborate on the key building blocks for triage training in a Virtual Environment and conclude with a future perspective.