gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbazole endcapped heterofluorenes as host materials: theoretical study of their structural, electronic, and optical properties (2010)

By mimicking the molecular structure of 4,4'-bis(N-carbazolyl)-2,2'-biphenyl (CBP), which is a widely used host material, a new series of host molecules (carbazole-endcapped heterofluorenes, CzHFs) were designed by linking the hole-transporting carbazole to the core heterofluorene molecules in either meta or para positions of the heterofluorene. The aromatic cores considered in this study are biphenyl, fluorene, silafluorenes, germafluorenes, carbazole, phosphafluorene, oxygafluorene, and sulfurafluorene. To reveal their molecular structures, optoelectronic properties and structure-property relationships of the proposed host materials, an in-depth theoretical investigation was elaborated via quantum chemical calculations. The electronic structures in the ground states, cationic and anionic states, and lowest triplet states of these designed molecules have been studied with emphasis on the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs), the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs), energy gaps (E(g)), triplet energy gaps ((3)E(g)), as well as some other electronic properties including ionization potentials (IPs), electron affinities (EAs), reorganization energies (λ), triplet exciton generation fraction (χ(T)), spin density distributions (SD), and absorption spectra. These photoelectronic properties can be tuned by chemical modifications of the heteroatom and the carbazole substitution at different positions. This study provides theoretical insights into the nature of host molecules, and shows that the designed CzHFs can meet the requirements of the host materials for triplet emitters.
Incidence and Spoilage Potential of Isolates from Vacuum‐packaged Meat of High pH Value (1977)

Meat of high pH value (6·6) showing dark‐cutting characteristics was vacuum‐packaged and stored for up to 8 weeks at 0–2°C. ‘Off’‐odours were detected on opening the packages after 6 weeks of storage. Total counts at this stage were ca. 10 7 /cm 2 of which lactobacilli were the major component, with ca. 10 6 /cm 2 Gram negative organisms. Psychrotrophic Enterobacteriaceae represented a major proportion of the microflora only after the full 8 weeks of storage and were not detected previously. Aerobic storage of steaks cut from the vacuum packaged meat stored for 8 weeks resulted in a predominantly Gram negative spoilage flora. Inoculation studies on meat of normal pH value (5·4) and appearance using representative isolates from the vacuum‐packaged meat microflora indicated that most of the test organisms were capable of causing spoilage under aerobic conditions but few under vacuum‐packaging when incubated at 4°C. On meat of higher pH value (6·15) many of the Gram negative isolates did not grow as well, whereas the Gram positive isolates grew better than on meat of normal pH value when held under aerobic conditions. Under vacuum‐packaging all but one isolate grew as well or better on meat of high pH value than on normal meat at 4°C and objectionable odours were more marked.
Do Institutional Investors Influence R&D Investment Policy in Firms with High Information Asymmetry? (2014)

This paper seeks to determine if institutional investors influence corporate research and development (R&D) investment policies by encouraging R&D investment in firms with high information asymmetry. The effect of changes in institutional investor levels to subsequent changes in R&D investment levels are examined using firm and year fixed effect regressions and difference-GMM regressions. Increased institutional ownership leads to increased R&D investment and this relationship is stronger in firms with higher information asymmetry. Institutional investors encourage higher R&D investment primarily in firms with high information asymmetry indicating they have an advantage in discerning the value of R&D investments in such firms. Institutions are an important and increasing force in U.S. stock ownership. The results in this paper indicate that institutional investors have an advantage in discerning the value of R&D investments in firms with high information asymmetry. The presence of institutional investors encourages the management of such firms to make long-term investments in R&D.
Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation (2009)

Prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable fibers that are reported to have health benefits for the host. Older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic pouchitis. In this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent IBD models and in IBD patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms. Commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas others are protective. However, most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated proinflammatory immune response of the host, some of them toxic and costly. Feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host. Therapy for IBD targeting intestinal bacteria and their function is just emerging. Prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer. Unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics. However, the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human IBD will need to be confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials.
ABC of complementary medicine: Acupuncture (1999)

Acupuncture is the stimulation of special points on the body, usually by the insertion of fine needles. Originating in the Far East about 2000 years ago, it has made various appearances in the history of European and north American medicine. William Osler, for example, used acupuncture therapeutically in the 19th century. Acupuncture’s recent popularity in the West dates from the 1970s, when President Nixon visited China.
Unravelling ecological analysis (2006)

Ecological analysis involves analysing aggregate data for groups of individuals to make inferences about relationships at the individual level. Often the results of such analyses give badly biased estimates. This paper will consider the sources of bias in linear regression analysis using aggregate data. The role of variation of the individual level relationships between groups and the consequent within-group correlations and how these are related to auxiliary variables that characterise the differences between groups is considered. A method of adjusting ecological regression for the effects of auxiliary variables is described and evaluated using data from the 1991 Australian Census.
Self-Rating Depression Scale in an Outpatient Clinic (1965)

RECENT development and use of the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) has Proven to be a valuable tool in the assessment of depressive disorders in a group of hospitalized inpatients.<sup>1</sup>There is a similar need in outpatient clinics to quantitate the amount of depressive symptomatology present or absent in the patients seen for treatment. Depressive symptoms may be present in any of the psychiatric disturbances seen in such a clinic, and a diagnosis of depressive disorder must still be made on a clinical basis. However, the use of such a scale is valuable in documenting and quantitating initial symptoms and complaints, and following changes in the patient's clinical course subsequent to treatment, using any of the modalities available. The purpose of a self-rating depression scale to be used in such an outpatient clinic setting would be similar to the ones stated previously with respect to its
ULTRASONIC AGITATION OF PHOTOGRAPHIC OR RADIOGRAPHIC DEVELOPER (1958)

The application of ultrasonic agitation to film processing solutions is described. The resulting effects upon radiographic film are pointed out and shown by means of photographs and graphs. The photographs do not reveal the detail of the original film and are used only to indicate trends. (auth)
DNA image cytometry and human papillomavirus (HPV) detection help to select smears at high risk of high-grade cervical lesions (2001)

Three samples were submitted from women undergoing routine screening (n=910): two smears (one for routine cytology and one for DNA image cytometry) and a scrape for human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. DNA histograms were classified as suspect in cases of aneuploidy, polyploidy, and/or diploidy with a high proliferation rate. Follow-up was available in 239 cases. The primary end-point was the presence of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HGSIL) at biopsy. Seventy women (7.7%) had a high-risk (HR) HPV infection and a suspect DNA profile. In 77 women with cytological abnormalities, 28 HGSILs were detected: four with a prior diagnosis of ASCUS (all HR-HPV infected including three with a suspect DNA profile), three with smears evocative of LGSIL (all with HR-HPV infection and a suspect DNA profile), and 21 with smears evocative of HGSIL (all with HR-HPV infection and 20 with a suspect DNA profile). During the follow-up period, out of 239 women with a cytologically normal smear at first entry, five developed a HGSIL; all were HR-HPV-positive and four had a suspect DNA profile at the first smear. HR-HPV detection alone gives a sensitivity of 100% for the detection of HGSIL, with a specificity of 84.3%, whereas DNA measurement associated with HPV testing significantly enhances the specificity to 95.4%. Thus, the combination of HPV testing and DNA measurement provides a highly sensitive and specific evaluation of the risk of HGSIL on cervical smears.
Life Claiming Anaphylaxis to Intravenous Ceftriaxone after Negative Skin Test (2005)

Antibiotic prophylaxis before surgical procedures is commonly practiced. Hypersensitivity reactions to antibacterial drugs are most feared complications; which have varying grades of presentation. Skin testing are commonly applied to detect allergy but that can have false negatives. We report a case of severe anaphylaxis leading ultimately to fatal outcome after negative skin testing. Prior history of allergy of any kind and exposure to ceftriaxone was excluded. Even the best antishock management could not help. This observation clearly demonstrates the limit of screening tests for the diagnosis of sensitization against drugs.
Bloodstream infection after positive catheter cultures: What are the risks in the intensive care unit when catheters are routinely cultured on removal?* (2011)

Our results suggest that the risk of subsequent bloodstream infection in intensive care unit patients when the Brun-Buisson technique is used to define isolated positive catheter culture is low.
Directional Well Planning with Multiple Targets in Three Dimensions (1989)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to extend the radius of curvature method to 3 dimensional design problems. The technique utilizes transformation of coordinates involving simultaneous translation and rotation. A reference coordinate system is anchored at the surface conductor location while a traveling coordinate system progresses from target to target with the bit. Current directional planning techniques involve approximations in the calculation of tool face angle and require an estimate of the direction change. The technique presented in this paper provides a direct solution for both tool face angle and azimuth. The method is applicable in planning a build-and-hold or "slant" directional well, or a build-hold-and-drop or "S-shape" directional well with multiple targets in 3 dimensions. This paper also applies the radius of curvature method to designing the lead angle of a directional well to compensate for expected bit walking tendency. Also presented is a method of determining whether it is possible to reach a given target based on the minimum rate of angle change required. The technique is well suited to programmable hand calculators for use in the field.
A new technique for core lamination testing (1985)

Engineers are now aware of the resultant insulation degradation that may be caused by stator core damage. Visual location is often simple. However a deep seated fault is not conspicuous and it is not generally appreciated that a coil burn out can be caused by shorted laminations which in turn further precipitates the iron fault.
The Font of all Wisdom (1997)

Can Religion be Explained Away ? D. Z. Phillips (ed.) Atheism and Theism , J. J.C. Smart and J. J. Haldane Arguing for Atheism: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Religion , Robin Le Poidevin
The role of insulin resistance in the development of muscle wasting during cancer cachexia (2011)

Further investigation of the role of insulin resistance in cancer cachexia is needed. The use of translational research in this area is strongly encouraged, and has important implications for clinical research and the treatment and prevention of cancer cachexia.
A simple, scalable, and stable explicit rate allocation algorithm for max-min flow control with minimum rate guarantee (2001)

We present a novel control-theoretic explicit rate (ER) allocation algorithm for the max-min flow control of elastic traffic services with minimum rate guarantee in the setting of the ATM available bit rate (ABR) service. The proposed ER algorithm is simple in that the number of operations required to compute it at a switch is minimized, scalable in that per-virtual-circuit (VC) operations including per-VC queueing, per-VC accounting, and per-VC state management are virtually removed, and stable in that by employing it, the user transmission rates and the network queues are asymptotically stabilized at a unique equilibrium point at which max-min fairness with minimum rate guarantee and target queue lengths are achieved, respectively. To improve the speed of convergence, we normalize the controller gains of the algorithm by the estimate of the number of locally bottlenecked VCs. The estimation scheme is also computationally simple and scalable since it does not require per-VC accounting either. We analyze the theoretical performance of the proposed algorithm and verify its agreement with the practical performance through simulations in the case of multiple bottleneck nodes. We believe that the proposed algorithm will serve as an encouraging solution to the max-min flow control of elastic traffic services, the deployment of which has been debated long due to their lack of theoretical foundation and implementation complexity.
Mathematical Analysis of Scissor Lifts (1989)

Abstract : This document presents mathematical techniques for analyzing reaction forces in scissor lifts. It also presents several design issues including actuator placement, member cross-section, and rigidity. (CP)
Hollow Nanostructured Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2010)

Hollow nanostructured anode materials lie at the heart of research relating to Li-ion batteries, which require high capacity, high rate capability, and high safety. The higher capacity and higher rate capability for hollow nanostructured anode materials than that for the bulk counterparts can be attributed to their higher surface area, shorter path length for Li(+) transport, and more freedom for volume change, which can reduce the overpotential and allow better reaction kinetics at the electrode surface. In this article, we review recent research activities on hollow nanostructured anode materials for Li-ion batteries, including carbon materials, metals, metal oxides, and their hybrid materials. The major goal of this review is to highlight some recent progresses in using these hollow nanomaterials as anode materials to develop Li-ion batteries with high capacity, high rate capability, and excellent cycling stability.
Flavor components of olive oil—A review (1998)

Abstract The unique and delicate flavor of olive oil is attributed to a number of volatile components. Aldehydes, alcohols, esters, hydrocarbons, ketones, furans, and other compounds have been quantitated and identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry in good‐quality olive oil. The presence of flavor compounds in olive oil is closely related to its sensory quality. Hexanal, trans ‐2‐hexenal, 1‐hexanol, and 3‐methylbutan‐1‐ol are the major volatile compounds of olive oil. Volatile flavor compounds are formed in the olive fruit through an enzymatic process. Olive cultivar, origin, maturity stage of fruit, storage conditions of fruit, and olive fruit processing influence the flavor components of olive oil and therefore its taste and aroma. The components octanal, nonala, and 2‐hexenal, as well as the volatile alcohols propanol, amyl alcohols, 2‐hexenol, 2‐hexanol, and heptanol, characterize the olive cultivar. There are some slight changes in the flavor components in olive oil obtained from the same oil cultivar grown in different areas. The highest concentration of volatile components appears at the optimal maturity stage of fruit. During storage of olive fruit, volatile flavor components, such as aldehydes and esters, decrease. Phenolic compounds also have a significant effect on olive oil flavor. There is a good correlation between aroma and flavor of olive oil and its polyphenol content. Hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and p ‐hydroxybenzoic acid influence mostly the sensory characteristics of olive oil. Hydroxytyrosol is present in good‐quality olive oil, while tyrosol and some phenolic acids are found in olive oil of poor quality. Various off‐flavor compounds are formed by oxidation, which may be initiated in the olive fruit. Pentanal, hexanal, octanal, and nonanal are the major compounds formed in oxidized olive oil, but 2‐pentenal and 2‐heptenal are mainly responsible for the off‐flavor.
Effect of Saturating Cation, pH, and Aluminum and Iron Oxide on the Flocculation of Kaolinite and Montmorillonite (1987)

Abstract The effect of pH on the flocculation-dispersion behavior of noncrystalline aluminum and iron oxides, kaolinite, montmorillonite, and various mixtures of these materials was investigated. The clays were Na- or Ca-saturated and freeze-dried before use. Critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) of all materials and mixtures were found to be pH dependent. The Al oxide was flocculated at pH >9.5 and the iron oxide was flocculated between pH 6.0 and 8.2; i.e., flocculation occurred at pHs near the point of zero charge (PZC). The CCC of both the Na- and Ca-clay systems increased with increasing pH. The effect of pH was greater for the Na-kaolinite (flocculated at pH 5.8 and having a CCC of 55 meq/liter at pH 9.1) than the Na-montmorillonite system (having a CCC of 14 meq/liter at pH 6.4 and a CCC of 28 meq/liter at pH 9.4). A 50/50 mixture of Na-kaolinite and Na-montmorillonite behaved more like montmorillonite (having CCCs of 13 and 33 meq/liter at pH 6.2 and pH 9.0, respectively). The presence of either noncrystalline oxide decreased the CCC over that of the clay(s) alone; the decrease occurred at pHs >7 for Al oxide and at pHs >6.5 for Fe oxide. Aluminum oxide produced a greater decrease in CCC than Fe oxide, especially at pHs >8. The effect of each oxide on CCC was greatest near the PZC, 9.5 and 7.2 for Al and Fe oxide, respectively.
Statistical Approach to DNA Chip Analysis (2003)

Statistical methods for analyzing data from DNA microarray experiments are reviewed. Specifically, we discuss common experimental setups, methods for data reduction and clustering, and analysis of time-course experiments. While early microarray studies focused mainly on the basic methodological and technical aspects of DNA arrays, emphasis has shifted to biological, medical, and clinical applications. We mention several of these and present results from our recent research as illustrative examples. New developments in this ever-growing field are outlined.
Improvement of the field emission of carbon nanotubes by hafnium coating and annealing (2005)

Despite the promising field emission properties, as-grown carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are far from perfect and need improvement. We report on the field electron emission properties of hafnium coated CNTs. The result shows hafnium carbide (HfC) can be formed on the surface of CNT films at an annealing temperature of 1200 °C. This treatment improves the field emission current density, emission uniformity and emission stability of CNT films. The improvement of field emission by Hf coating on the CNT surface benefits from the formation of HfC, which is conductive, inert, robust and of low work function. This approach may provide an effective method for the modification of the field emission of CNTs.
A Percolative Account of Tianjin Tone Sandhi (2010)

This paper presents data from Tianjin tritonal sandhi patterns that challenge both traditional derivational approaches and standard Optimality Theoretic (OT) approaches to phonological alternation. If construed derivationally, Tianjin tritonal sandhi requires derivational reversals; but if construed within OT, involves combinations of opacity and transparency. The account proposed here appeals to a percolative model where phonological information from terminal nodes finds correspondences in higher nodes, such that the correspondences may be imperfect when triggered by markedness requirements. While this requires a total reconceptualization of phonological representations, this paper argues that it is well worth it because it predicts that: (1) directionality is a derivate from branching; (2) the depth of derivational opacity is confined by structural depth; (3) constituency, not adjacency, provides the environment for triggering alternation so alternation rules can therefore be blocked when marked collocations belong to different constituencies; and (4) underlying entities can have split surface correspondences.
A molecular and computational diagnostic approach identifies FOXP3, ICOS, CD52 and CASP1 as the most informative biomarkers in acute graft-versus-host disease (2012)

This study demonstrates that the integrated methodology proposed is useful for the selection of valid gene targets for the diagnosis of acute graft-versus-host disease, producing satisfactory accuracy over independent clinical features of the allogeneic transplanted population.
<b>Ligand Exchange. I. Equilibria</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand Exchange. I. EquilibriaF. HelfferichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 17, 3237–3242Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00876a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00876a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Background-based Delineation of Internal Tumor Volume in Static Positron Emission Tomography in a Phantom Study. (2016)

The threshold value (<i>x</i>+3×<i>SD</i>) had the potential to delineate the ITV of cancerous tissues, surrounded by lung tissues, particularly in two-dimensional PET images.