gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> antigens: comparison with a nonpathogenic treponeme. (1982)

The major antigens of Treponema pallidum, Nichols strain were examined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blotting techniques. Organisms were extracted from rabbit testes, purified by differential centrifugation, washed, and disrupted by sonication before solubilization in SDS buffer, SDS-PAGE analysis on 12.5% gels revealed at least 35 distinguishable polypeptides with molecular weights between 14,000 and 100,000. Proteins were electrophoretically transferred from gels to nitrocellulose paper and were stained with pooled rabbit anti-T. pallidum serum (IRS) and 125I-protein A. At least eight distinct antigenic molecules were revealed, with the major component residing at 48,000 daltons. Extensive washing of T. pallidum before solubilization did not alter the antigenic profile. Five molecules with common treponemal antigenic determinants were identified both by staining blots of T. phagedenis, biotype Reiter with IRS and by staining blots of T. pallidum with rabbit anti-Reiter antiserum. Three putative T. pallidum-specific antigens were identified by staining T. pallidum with IRS that had been extensively adsorbed with Reiter treponemes.
Flow in Sludge–Blanket Clarifiers (1967)

Laboratory tests prove that fluidized floc beds behave in accordance with the general equation of fluidization. The Increase of viscosity decreases the output of the clarifier during low temperatures. According to the hydraulic action, there are four groups of clarifiers: Mechanically agitated bed, hydraulically fluidized bed, sludge circulation, and unsteady discharge. The influence of various devices is studied theoretically. The sludge remover should move slowly to prevent the separation of the eddy. The flow in the funnel shape sludge-blanket zone is not steady or radial. The separated, vortex in the inlet of this chamber may still cause floe eruption at the sludge-blanket level. The discharge of suspension into the sludge thickener is computed as overflow over a weir and depends on floe density, height of overflow layer, and fraction concentration. The collecting of the clarified water is calculated as a potential flow. The minimum clear-water depth is one-half the distance between two collecting troughs.
Biomimics of fungal cell-cell recognition by use of lectin-coated nylon fibers (1992)

When the mycoparasitic, biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum was allowed to grow on nylon fibers treated with concanavalin A or Sclerotium rolfsii lectin, it coiled around the nylon fibers and produced hooks in a pattern similar to that observed with the real host hyphae. The incidence of interaction between T. harzianum and S. rolfsii lectin-treated fibers was significantly higher than that of the controls (untreated or blocked activated fibers). These findings provide direct evidence for the role of lectins in mycoparasitism.
Bayesian Verb Sense Clustering (2018)

This work performs verb sense induction and clustering based on observed syntactic distributions in a large corpus. VerbNet is a hierarchical clustering of verbs and a useful semantic resource. We address the main drawbacks of VerbNet, by proposing a Bayesian model to build VerbNet-like clusters automatically and with full coverage. Relative to the prior state of the art, we improve accuracy on verb sense induction by over 20% absolute F1. We then propose a new model, inspired by the positive pointwise mutual information (PPMI). Our PPMI-based mixture model permits an extremely efficient sampler, while improving performance. Our best model shows a 4.5% absolute F1 improvement over the best non-PPMI model, with over an order of magnitude less computation time. Though this model is inspired by clustering verb senses, it may be applicable in other situations where multiple items are being sampled as a group.
The Design of Objects Bounding Boxes Non-Maximum Suppression and Visualization Module Based on FPGA (2018)

The objects detection results are marked with bounding boxes in image. There are lots of redundant bounding boxes in detection results. Generally, the non-maximum suppression (NMS) method is used to remove redundant bounding boxes in detection results to improve accuracy of detection. Opencv is usually used to complete visualization of objects bounding boxes. We compare time of NMS and bounding boxes visualization implemented in FPGA and software in server. The results in hardware performs better. Objects detection has high requirements for real-time performance. Parallel computing capabilities of hardware makes it better than software to implement object detection algorithm and related peripheral algorithms in FPGA. FPGA is a good solution for embedded applications of objects detection. In this paper, we build a FPGA based objects detection system on YOLO, which is a kind of object detection algorithm based on deep learning and we complete the design and verification of back-end processing module in the system, including NMS module to remove redundant objects bounding boxes and bounding boxes visualization module. We make some changes for the NMS algorithm implementation in hardware. Two modules work together to process 100×61 images including 98×20 object bounding boxes. The remaining bounding boxes what we want after removing redundant bounding boxes are used for display, which ultimately takes 680μs.
Professionalism: The old versus the new (2009)

What is being done to introduce officially-sanctioned professional certification into the information security sector? Why might such a move be important? Catherine Everett explores this question, asking how difficult such a prospect is likely to be given the fragmented nature of the industry. At the moment, the information security industry appears to be pulling in two directions. On the one hand, various organisations are actively trying to move practitioners towards chartered status and a clearly defined, formalised career path.
The ring-type all-fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer hydrophone system (1998)

A compact theory and the detailed design of the ring-type all-fiber Fabry–Pérot interferometer hydrophone system has been developed here. The system is composed of four parts: the optical part with the laser source, the ring interferometer of all-fiber suited for the acoustical structure, the acoustical structure, and the stabilization maintaining the feedback servo mechanism and signal demodulation part. For this reason it differs greatly in many ways from the traditional concept of hydrophone which is commonly made up with one or several functional material elements such as the piezoelectric ceramic or the PVDF ones. So, on accuracy ground it is named the Fiber Hydrophone System instead of Hydrophone. The fiber-optic hydrophone itself, not including the laser source and the electric servo part, has the compact size of φ40×80 mm, specific gravity of less than 1, and the system has a free-field open-circuit voltage sensitivity level of above −140 dB re: 1 V/μPa. Experimental results show an exciting future of this kind of fiber-optic hydrophone system for the application of all optical towed arrays.
Teratogenesis of calcium valproate in rabbits (1986)

The calcium salt of valproic acid (Valontin) has been proposed for use in the treatment of absence, myoclonic, and tonic clonic seizures of the primarily generalized type. The present study was conducted to determine the teratogenic potential of calcium valproate in rabbits. Groups of 20 Dutch-belted rabbits were given oral doses of 50, 150, or 350 mg/kg on days 6-18 of gestation. A reference group was given 350 mg/kg sodium valproate and control groups were untreated or given vehicle alone. Animals were observed daily and body weights were recorded on gestation days 0, 6, 13, 18, and 30. Litter and fetal parameters were evaluated following uterotomies on day 30. No drug-related clinical signs or deaths occurred. Postimplantation loss and the incidence of malformed vertebrae and ribs, rudimentary or absent pollices, and extra vertebrae and ribs were increased at 350 mg/kg with both calcium and sodium salts of valproic acid. At the 150-mg/kg dose level, calcium valproate markedly increased the incidence of supernumerary ribs. No teratogenic or embryotoxic effects were seen with calcium valproate at 50 mg/kg. These data indicate that the sodium and calcium salts of valproic acid exhibit teratogenic potential in rabbits.
Multiple determinants of eukaryotic mRNA stability. (1989)

Regulated changes in mRNA stability play an important role in modulating the level of expression of many eukaryotic genes. In several systems, specific sequence determinants that dictate mRNA instability have been identified. Thus, the presence of instability determinants, and not the absence of sequences that dictate stability, appears to be required for regulated mRNA degradation. These instability determinants presumably interact with specific nucleases or other trans-acting factors that regulate the accessibility of the domain to nucleases. Although each RNA destabilization pathway has unique features, in many cases RNA degradation requires ongoing protein synthesis. In some of the systems discussed, the mRNAs are degraded co-translationally, perhaps by a ribosome-associated ribonuclease. For other messages, the mechanistic reasons for the dependence of mRNA degradation on ongoing protein synthesis are still unknown.
<a name="top"></a>Valor nutritivo da biomassa de células íntegras, do autolisado e do extrato de levedura originária de cervejaria (2000)

Esta pesquisa teve como principal objetivo verificar a capacidade da levedura e seus derivados, autolisado e extrato, em manter o crescimento de ratos recém-desmamados, quando usados em substituição parcial a uma dieta-padrão ideal. Usou-se substituição de 10, 20 ou 30% da dieta-padrão recomendada pelo American Institute of Nutrition -- 93G, por uma mistura (amido de milho + produto de levedura + óleo de soja), mantendo as dietas modificadas isoprotéicas (20% proteína) e isocalóricas. Com as substituições, os produtos de levedura participaram das dietas nas concentrações de 4, 8 ou 12%, respectivamente. As dietas substituídas, contendo diferentes proporções de produtos de levedura, provocaram crescimento dos ratos igual ou superior ao da dieta-padrão. O ritmo de crescimento foi proporcional ao aumento da participação dos produtos de levedura. Os índices séricos de ácido úrico, uréia e atividade de transaminases não revelaram sintomas de intoxicação pelo uso dos produtos de levedura.
Thermal energy storage material thermophysical property measurement and heat transfer impact (1976)

The thermophysical properties of salts having potential for thermal energy storage to provide peaking energy in conventional electric utility power plants were investigated. The power plants studied were the pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, supercritical steam reactor, and high temperature gas reactor. The salts considered were LiNO3, 63LiOH/37 LiCl eutectic, LiOH, and Na2B4O7. The thermal conductivity, specific heat (including latent heat of fusion), and density of each salt were measured for a temperature range of at least + or - 100 K of the measured melting point. Measurements were made with both reagent and commercial grades of each salt.
Development of a real-time clinical decision support system upon the web mvc-based architecture for prostate cancer treatment (2011)

Our proposed framework supports online clinical informatics, evaluates treatment risks, offers interactive guidance, and provides real-time reference for decision making in the treatment of prostate cancer. The developed clinician-oriented interface can assist clinicians in conveniently presenting evidence-based information to patients and can be readily adapted to an existing hospital information system and be easily applied in other chronic diseases.
Structure, function, and regulation of the interleukin-2 receptor and identification of a novel immune activation gene (1990)

This chapter is divided into two sections, the first dealing with a novel immune activation gene, denoted Act-2. This gene encodes a secreted protein that may represent a new cytokine. The Act-2 protein shares significant homology with proteins in two related families of small secreted proteins. Act-2 is rapidly synthesized by activated T cells, B cells and monocytes. The second section deals with interleukin-2 receptors. These receptors are now known to be comprised of three distinct classes of receptors, formed by various combinations of two IL-2 binding proteins, the alpha and beta chains. The low-affinity receptors contain alpha, but not beta chains; the intermediate-affinity receptors contain beta, but not alpha chains, and the high-affinity receptors contain both alpha and beta chains. The beta chain appears to be tyrosine phosphorylated. We discuss evidence for the existence of another protein of relative molecular mass 100,000, which appears to be a subunit of at least the high-affinity receptor.
Use of 2D Barcode to Access Multimedia Content and the Web from a Mobile Handset (2008)

The present document describes the features, the applications, the functionalities and the benefits of the 2d barcodes, pictorial machine-readable representations of information and data. A 2D barcode can represent encoded information like a business card or a website address. Different formats and standards are available. Mobile phones with digital camera can act as barcode reader: a software client installed on the mobile phone controls the digital camera in order to acquire, scan and decode a 2D barcode, and retrieve the information from the Internet. 2D barcodes' main application field is mobile multimedia content consumption with particular reference to advertising; according a typical use case, a user: 1. finds a barcode printed on a magazine, for instance in an advertising; 2. launches the application on the mobile phone and scans the barcodes; 3. retrieves a URL form a WAP pages and watches a video clip streamed over 3G network. As a result, a website can be accessed with the mobile browser; a multimedia content can be played with the mobile phone's media player; additionally, this technology enable users to directly call a phone number o send a text message just acquiring and decoding a tag. From the publisher's perspective, 2D barcodes give the users the ability to learn more about a story and watch related multimedia content. From the advertisers' perspective, 2D barcodes are also an effective mean to reach a wider audience; by acquiring a barcode, consumers can enjoy at least two kinds of mobile multimedia content: commercials of products or services and premium content (music video clips...) starting with an advertisement. From the mobile network operators' perspective, tags can help to boost mobile value added services, mobile browsing and mobile Internet subscriptions. 2D barcodes bring an innovative approach to multimedia mobile consumption as they allow users to retrieve digital content from a picture printed on paper and to experience valuable information in mobility, without typing long URLs.
On the construction of digest functions for manual authentication protocols (2011)

A digest function is a sort of universal hash that takes a key and a message as its inputs. This paper will study these functions' properties and design in the context of their application in manual authentication technology. Frequently a digest function needs to have a very short output (e.g. 16–32 bits) and no key is used to digest more than one message. These together with other characteristics represent a new kind of game played between an attacker and honest parties, which is very different from other authentication mechanisms, notably message authentication codes or MACs. Short digests can be constructed directly or by \\"condensing\\" longer functions. We offer an improved method for the latter but concentrate mainly on direct constructions. We propose a digest algorithm which uses word multiplications to obtain a very fast implementation. This digest scheme enjoys strong and provable security properties, namely for a single-word or b-bit output digest function the collision probability is 2^1-b on equal and arbitrarily length inputs. The scheme is based on the multiplicative universal hash function of Dietzfelbinger et al., and it improves on several well-studied and efficient universal hashing algorithms, including MMH and NH.
A longitudinal study of ammonia, acetone and propanol in the exhaled breath of 30 subjects using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS (2006)

Selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, has been used to monitor the volatile compounds in the exhaled breath of 30 volunteers (19 males, 11 females) over a 6 month period. Volunteers provided breath samples each week between 8:45 am and 1 pm (before lunch), and the concentrations of several trace compounds were obtained. In this paper the focus is on ammonia, acetone and propanol. It was found that the concentration distributions of these compounds in breath were close to log-normal. The median ammonia level estimated as a geometric mean for all samples was 833 parts per billion (ppb) with a multiplicative standard deviation of 1.62, the values ranging from 248 to 2935 ppb. Breath ammonia clearly increased with increasing age in this volunteer cohort. The geometric mean acetone level for all samples was 477 parts per billion (ppb) with a multiplicative standard deviation of 1.58, the values ranging from 148 to 2744 ppb. The median propanol level for all samples was 18 ppb, the values ranging from 0 to 135 ppb. A weak but significant correlation between breath propanol and acetone levels is apparent in the data. The findings indicate the potential value of SIFT-MS as a non-invasive breath analysis technique for investigating volatile compounds in human health and in the diseased state.
Diet Shapes Mortality Response to Trauma in Old Tephritid Fruit Flies (2016)

Despite the importance of trauma in healthspan and lifespan in humans as well as in non-human species, with one important exception the literature in both gerontology and ecology contains virtually no experimental demographic studies concerned with trauma in any species. We used dietary manipulation [full diet (F) versus sugar-only (S)] to produce four levels of frailty in 55-day old tephritid fruit flies (Anastrepha ludens) that were then subject to the trauma of cage transfer stress (n = 900/sex in each of the 4 treatments). The key results included the following: (1) there is a trauma effect caused by the transfer that depends on previous diet before transfer, new diet after transfer and gender of the fly; (2) males are more vulnerable than females; (3) if initial diet was F, flies are relatively immune against the trauma, and the subsequent diet (F or S) does not matter; (4) however if initial diet was S, then the effect of the trauma depends largely on the diet after the transfer; (5) flies transferred from S to F diets do very well in terms of remaining longevity (i.e. greatest remaining longevity), while flies transferred from S to S diet do poorly (i.e. shortest remaining longevity). We discuss both the strengths and weaknesses of this study and implications of the results.
Binary and Ternary Binding Affinities between Exonuclease-Deficient Klenow Fragment (Kf-exo<sup>–</sup>) and Various Arylamine DNA Lesions Characterized by Surface Plasmon Resonance (2012)

We used surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to characterize the binding interactions between the exonulease-free Klenow fragment (Kf-exo(-)) and unmodified and modified dG adducts derived from arylamine carcinogens: fluorinated 2-aminofluorene (FAF), 2-acetylaminofluorene (FAAF), and 4-aminobiphenyl (FABP). Tight polymerase binding was detected with unmodified dG and the correct dCTP. The discrimination of correct versus incorrect nucleotides was pronounced with K(D) values in the order of dCTP ≪ dTTP < dATP < dGTP. In contrast, minimal selectivity was observed for the modified templates with Kf-exo(-) binding tighter to the FAAF (k(off): 0.02 s(-1)) and FABP (k(off): 0.01 s(-1)) lesions than to FAF (k(off): 0.04 s(-1)).
Breakup of Latex Doublets by Impaction (1993)

The breakup by impaction of a simple agglomerate consisting of two identical spherical particles has been studied. The agglomerates were doublets produced by nebulizing suspensions of latex particles. The doublet concentrations before and after impaction were determined from the particle size spectra obtained with an optical particle counter. Preliminary experiments showed that the latex doublets did not break up in the acceleration nozzle of the impactor. The doublet fraction (DF) is defined as the doublet/singlet concentration ratio after impaction to that before impaction. The DF of 2.99-μm Dow latex measured at √Stk = 1.62 decreased by about a factor of 2 as the relative humidity (RH) was varied from 8% to 85%. The remaining experiments were made at low RH with seven different surfactant-free suspensions of polystyrene latex stabilized by the addition of charged surface functional groups. All of the data, for particle sizes ranging from 1.62 to 4.07 μm and impact velocities from 10 to 80 m/s, could be fitted by the expression, DF = 18.2 v−0.58 D−1.60, where the impact velocity v is in m/s and the particle diameter D is in μm. The van der Waals adhesion energy is calculated to be less than 1/3000 of the kinetic energy needed to break up half of the doublets. The repulsive electrostatic energy of the surface functional groups is estimated to be about 1.25 times larger than the van der Waals adhesion energy. It is concluded that the doublets are probably bound by bridges of residue left after droplet evaporation.
Bifunktionelle Verbindungen durch Kolbe‐Elektrolyse (1970)

Abstract Zur Synthese bifunktioneller organischer Verbindungen bietet die Kolbe‐Elektrolyse viele Möglichkeiten, die jedoch bisher technisch kaum genutzt wurden. In dieser Arbeit wird die Elektrolyse von Di‐, Amino‐ und Oxycarbonsäuren näher untersucht. Die hierfür entwickelte Vibratorzelle erlaubt es, trotz der starken Gasentwicklung während der Reaktion, mit einem geringen Elektrodenabstand und folglich mit einer niedrigen Zellspannung zu arbeiten. Die Abhängigkeit der Ausbeuten vom Substrat und den Elektrolysebedingungen, wie Neutralisationsgrad, Stromdichte und Lösungsmittel, wird an einigen Beispielen aufgezeigt.
MR Cholangiopancreatography –positioning, prameters and technical advances (2012)

Poster: ECR 2012 / C-0151 / MR  Cholangiopancreatography –positioning, prameters and technical advances by: M. Minov 1, M. Popovska2, G. Markoski3, A. Doreski3; 1Stip/MK, 2Kocani/MK, 3Skopje/MK
High-resolution solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance of bacterial spores: identification of the alpha-carbon signal of dipicolinic acid (1988)

Natural-abundance solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained for bacterial spores for the first time by using the technique of cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A resonance at about 150 ppm, detectable in spore samples having a Mn content of less than 0.05%, was consistent with an identification as the alpha-carbon signal of calcium dipicolinate; this signal was missing from a spore sample treated with acid to release dipicolinate and from a spore coat preparation. Carbohydrate peaks were particularly intense in spores and coat preparations of Bacillus macerans. Signals ascribable to beta-hydroxybutyrate were prominent in a B. cereus sample.