gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of IL-1β, TNF-agr; and IL-4 on complement regulatory protein mRNA expression in human articular chondrocytes (2003)

Most of the cells possess complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) that protect them against complement-mediated damage. In our previous work we revealed that human articular chondrocytes express CPRs. Moreover, increase of CRPs expression after treatment of chondrocytes with proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α has been demonstrated by ELISA technique. Chondroprotective cytokine IL-4 stimulated expression of CD46 only. In this work RT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the expression of mRNA of cell surface CPRs in cultured isolated articular human chondrocytes after treatment with IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-4. Chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β and TNF-α showed augmented levels of CD46, CD55 and CD59 mRNA. Treatment with IL-4, however, increased only the level of CD46 mRNA. These results confirm and extend our previous observations. CD35 mRNA was not found. Expression of complement regulatory proteins on chondrocytes and its upregulation by cytokines stimulating matrix degradation could be important for the protection of these cells against complement-mediated lysis, which might be caused by immunocomplexes deposited in articular cartilage in inflammatory joint diseases.
Effect of cations on purine·purine·pyrimidine triple helix formation in mixed‐valence salt solutions (1999)

The effect of various monovalent, divalent and oligovalent cations on the reaction of triplex formation by GT and AG motif triplex-forming oligonucleotides, designed to bind to biologically relevant polypurine-polypyrimidine sequences occurring in the promoters of the murine Ki-ras and human bcr genes, has been investigated by means of electrophoresis mobility shift assays (EMSA) and DNase I footprinting experiments. We found that in the presence of 10 mm MgCl2 the triple helices were progressively destabilized by adding increasing amounts of NaCl, from 20 to 140 mm, to the solution. We also observed that, while the total monovalent-ion concentration was constant at 100 mm, the exchange of sodium with potassium, but not lithium, results in a further destabilization of the triple helices, due to self-association equilibria involving the G-rich triplex-forming oligonucleotides. Potassium was found to destabilize triplex DNA even when the triple helices are preformed in the absence of K+. However, footprinting experiments also showed that the inhibitory effect of K+ on triplex DNA is partially compensated for by millimolar amounts of divalent transition metal ions such as Mn2+ and Ni2+, which upon coordinating to N7 of guanine are expected to enhance hydrogen-bond formation between the target and the third strand, and to reduce the assembly in quadruple structures of G-rich triplex-forming oligonucleotides. Triplex enhancement in the presence of potassium was also observed, but to a lesser extent, when spermine was added to the reaction mixture. Here, the ion effect on triplex DNA is rationalized in terms of competition among the different valence cations to bind to triplex DNA, and differential cation stabilization of unusual quadruplex structures formed by the triplex-forming oligonucleotides.
EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES OF A DYSTROFERRIC RED LATOSOL (OXISOL) UNDER DIFFERENT FOREST SETTLEMENTS (2002)

This study aimed to evaluate the structural quality of a dystroferric Red Latosol (Oxisol) under four forest settlements at Federal University of Lavras campus. The studied forest settlements were: Pinus sp. (PP), Eucalyptus sp. (PE), Hevea brasiliensis (PHB), and native forest (PNF). The mean annual precipitation and temperature for the region are 1493 mm and 19.3°C, respectively. For each studied settlement, disturbed and undisturbed samples from 0-5 cm depth were collected. The studied physical attributes were: aggregates stability, expressed through geometric average diameter, porosity distribution, penetration resistance and permeability. The PNF revealed the highest permeability value (139 mm h-1), followed by PHB (57 mm h-1), PP and PE (40 mm h-1). The highest value for penetration resistance was verified for PP, followed by PE and PHB. The smallest value was presented by PNF. Through this study, it can be concluded that the physical attributes, permeability and soil resistance to penetration, utilized as indicators of soil structural quality, present good performance in distinguishing the effects proportionated by the introduction of fast growth species, contributing for the sustainable management of the studied soil.
Shock-Tunnel Experiments with a Mach 12 Rectangular-to-Elliptical Shape-Transition Scramjet at Offdesign Conditions (2009)

A shock-tunnel investigation of a scramjet with a rectangular-to-elliptical shape-transition inlet and an elliptical combustor has been conducted at conditions simulating flight at Mach 8.7. The inlet was designed using a quasistreamline-tracing method to have a design point of Mach 12.0 and operation down to Mach 6.0. The elliptical combustor began with a rearward-facing step around its perimeter and was followed by a constant-area and diverging section. The flowpath was completed by a short thrust nozzle. Gaseous hydrogen fuel was injected either through multiple portholes on the intake, a series of 48 portholes on the rearward-facing step at the combustor entrance, or a combination of the two. All fueling configurations resulted in a positive thrust coefficient at equivalence ratios above 0.3 without the use of ignition aids. Fuel injection in the intake produced robust combustion and good internal thrust levels, but led to inlet unstart at fuel equivalence ratios above 0.61. Stable mixing-limited combustion was observed for fuel injection at the step at all fuel equivalence ratios up to 1.23. Combined intake and step injection was observed to have the best performance. These experimental results demonstrate that rectangular-to-elliptical shape-transition scramjets designed for access-to-space applications can operate efficiently at conditions below the design Mach number.
Sera from patients with autoimmune disease recognize conformational determinants on the 60‐kd ro/ss‐a protein (1991)

Anti-Ro antibodies are found in a large proportion of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome. These antibodies also characterize neonatal lupus, subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, and vasculitis associated with Sjögren's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Anti-Ro-positive sera may contain either or both of 2 sets of antibodies, recognizing either a 60-kd or a 52-kd polypeptide component of the Ro particle. We found in this study that the immune response to the 60-kd Ro antigen is heterogeneous. Some sera specifically recognize the native Ro antigen but fail to bind the corresponding denatured polypeptides. In addition, after immunodepletion using the denatured 60-kd Ro polypeptide, all anti-Ro-positive sera tested still contained high titers of antibodies recognizing conformational determinants on the Ro antigen. The frequent immunodominance of anti-Ro antibodies targeted to conformational determinants suggests that native autoantigens may directly drive the autoimmune response.
New Designs of Centrifugal Magnetic Fluid Seals for Rotating Shafts in Marine Technology (2019)

Abstract The centrifugal magnetic fluid seals have important advantage over the conventional centrifugal seals. They maintain very good sealing capacity at static, medium and high speeds of shaft rotation, with the increased seal lifetime, and minimum torque and static friction. These seals are particularly useful in cases when the angular shaft velocity varies and sometimes decreases to nearly or exactly zero, such as in flywheel applications, ship propeller main shafts, etc. Unique properties of the magnetic fluid give rare opportunities for application in marine design, where perfect sealing together with reliable lubrication are required. The paper presents a typical design and operation principle of a centrifugal magnetic fluid shaft seal, along with new design solutions. Not only in ocean technology and underwater robotics. Some cases of application of centrifugal magnetic fluid seals in modern sealing technology are included.
Behavioral syndromes and the evolution of correlated behavior in zebrafish (2007)

Studies of “behavioral syndromes” in different populations and species of animals can be used to shed light on the underlying mechanisms of evolution. For example, some personality syndromes suggest the existence of an underlying hormonal link, whereas other relationships between boldness and aggression appear to be the result of similar selective pressures. Here, we used 1 wild-derived and 2 laboratory strains of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to examine relationships among 5 behavioral measures: shoaling, activity level, predator approaches, latency to feed after a disturbance, and biting to a mirror stimulus. We found evidence of an activity syndrome, as if underlying metabolic costs influence variation in multiple forms of behavior. Evidence for a relationship between boldness and aggression was also apparent but depended both on strain and which specific behavior patterns were identified as measures of “boldness.” Although some comparisons of laboratory and wild-derived strains were consistent with a domestication syndrome, others were not. Most observed relationships were relatively weak and occasionally inconsistent, arguing against strong underlying genetic linkages or pleiotropic effects relating any of the behavioral measures. Instead, it may be more important to study the details of selective context or the long-term impact of linkages between some, but not all, of a large set of genes influencing complex behavioral traits. We found profound differences among strains in most behavior patterns, but few sex differences. One strain (TM1) was consistently different from the others (SH and Nadia) being more social, more likely to approach predators, and taking less time to recover from disturbance than were the other 2 strains.
Gene expression results in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes depend significantly on the choice of reference genes. (2010)

Gene expression levels in LPS-stimulated monocytes based on RT-qPCR results differ significantly when normalized to a single gene or a combination of stably expressed reference genes. Proper evaluation of reference gene stabiliy is therefore mandatory before reporting RT-qPCR results in LPS-stimulated monocytes.
Three chips stacking with low volume solder using single re-flow process (2010)

Miniaturized 3D package with shorter distances between chips are needed for the mobile and high frequency applications. Chip-to-chip stacking for 3D packaging using conventional assembly method and single step reflow attachment is the most cost-effective. But fine pitch micro-joints of stacked chip by single re-flow attachment is challenging due to chip movement during stacking processes, which lead to poor assembly yields. This paper reports a method of stacking chips by thermal tacking and permanent joints are formed simultaneously by single re-flow step. Three chips of 12mm × 12mm size with micro bumps at 100um pitch have been assembled using this approach. Low volume of lead free solder (Sn) has been chosen for the micro-bump interconnections between the chips. The thermal tacking conditions and flip-chip assembly process have been studied in details. The micro-joints quality and reliability have been assessed and reported.
The Precursors of Chocolate Aroma: A Study of the Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids (1964)

SUMMARY Flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in the ethyl‐acetate‐soluble fraction of the precursors of chocolate aroma. In addition to previously identified flavanols and flavylogens (leucoanthocyanins), two flavonols (quercetin and quercetrin) and three phenolic acids ( p ‐coumarie, caffeic, and chloro‐genie) were found. The ethyl‐acetate‐soluble fraction of the aroma precursors does not appear to be essential to production of the primary characteristic aroma of chocodate.
Localization for penile erection in medical frontal lobe (1964)

In extending a previous study the medial part of the frontal lobe of squirrel monkey was explored with respect to positive loci for penile erection. Strongly positive loci were found in precallosal cingulate gyrus and subcallosal region and in caudal part of gyrus rectus. Optimum stimulus parameters were moderately long pulses (1 msec) applied at a frequency of 20–30/sec. Mean latency of response was 4.9 sec for the precallosal cingulate region and 5.0 sec for the subcallosal region and gyrus rectus. Stimulation at positive loci evoked potential changes in the hippocampus. With pregenual cingulate stimulation a correlation was found between the appearance of erection and the recruitment of high-voltage slow hippocampal potentials. Associated behavioral effects included urination, cardiac slowing, respiratory acceleration, vocal changes, defecation, and salivation. Urination and cardiac slowing were the most frequent, with a respective incidence of 40 and 20%. Stimulation in ventral part of frontal lobe resulted in sneezing, head shaking, licking, chewing, and cardiac changes which might be associated with hippocampal evoked potentials and afterdischarges when electrodes were in or near olfactory bulb and tract. The findings are discussed in relation to preceding studies.
XtremWeb: a generic global computing system (2002)

Global computing achieves high throughput computing by harvesting a very large number of unused computing resources connected to the Internet. This parallel computing model targets a parallel architecture defined by a very high number of nodes, poor communication performance and continuously varying resources. The unprecedented scale of the global computing architecture paradigm requires us to revisit many basic issues related to parallel architecture programming models, performance models, and class of applications or algorithms suitable for this architecture. XtremWeb is an experimental global computing platform dedicated to provide a tool for such studies. The paper presents the design of XtremWeb. Two essential features of this design are multi-applications and high-performance. Accepting multiple applications allows institutions or enterprises to set up their own global computing applications or experiments. High-performance is ensured by scalability, fault tolerance, efficient scheduling and a large base of volunteer PCs. We also present an implementation of the first global application running on XtremWeb.
The reaction of phosphorus trichloride and oxygen with polymers (1960)

Abstract Phosphorus trichloride and oxygen react readily with polyethylene to introduce phosphonic dichloride (—POCl 2 ) groups into the polymer (chlorophosphonation). Treatment of the resulting intermediate with water, alcohols, and amines yields polymeric alkylphosphonic acids, esters and amides, respectively. Derivatives containing as much as 16% phosphorus have been prepared. With increasing degree of phosphonation, polyethylene crystallinity is reduced, the acid and amide derivatives become stiffer, less extensible, and less soluble in nonpolar solvents, and internal plasticization is observed in the ester derivatives. No significant decrease in flammability is effected by phosphonation unless chlorine is introduced also. The ester and amide derivatives crosslink under mild conditions by an unknown mechanism, the acid derivative will crosslink on heating with litharge. The chlorophosphonation reaction is sensitive to inhibitors and no highly active catalyst was found. The rate appears to be governed by the rate at which oxygen dissolves in the mixture. Substitution of air or chlorine for oxygen, phenyldichlorophosphine or diphenylchlorophosphine for phosphorus trichloride results in introduction of phosphorus‐containing groups into polyethylene, also, but at reduced rates. In sharp contrast to polyethylene's apparent stability toward the phosphonation conditions, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polyisobutylene undergo a rapid decrease in molecular weight on treatment with phosphorus trichloride and oxygen. The fact that these four polymers exhibit the same relative behavior, i.e., polyethylene is stable whereas the other three polymers are unstable, in various free radical processes argues for a free radical mechanism in the chlorophosphonation reaction.
Transferabilidad de la competencia pragmática. Implicaciones derivadas de la enseñanza de español como segunda lengua (E/SL) a niños inmigrantes (2006)

El grado de comodidad que el hablante nativo prototipico siente en conversacion con personas que estan aprendiendo su lengua parece estar mas relacionado con la medida en que el uso de la lengua por el aprendiz es apropiado para la situacion concreta, y no tanto con la correccion morfosintactica o lexica del mensaje (LoCastro, 2003). Es posible argumentar que, cuando la integracion social de hablantes no nativos es una prioridad, un factor decisivo para ella es que estos sean capaces de ser «apropiados» en su uso de la lengua, de manera que la mayor comodidad para los potenciales receptores asi conseguida se transforme en una mayor facilidad para la aceptacion e incorporacion natural del no nativo al entorno social mayoritario. La estrategia sugerida puede ser de aplicacion directa para la integracion de ninos inmigrantes en los centros escolares espanoles. Esta comunicacion pretende explorar algunos aspectos que subyacen a la propuesta recien esbozada, centrandose en el papel que juega el desarrollo de la competencia la pragmatica en la deseada y rapida integracion de los ninos inmigrantes. Para ello, comenzamos explorando algunos conceptos basicos (pragmatica y competencia pragmatica) y delimitando el problema que nos ocupa; a partir de esos principios, nos centramos en algunos aspectos de la transferabilidad de la competencia pragmatica con gran influencia en el tratamiento didactico de esta, precisamente nuestro siguiente centro de atencion. Terminamos nuestro trabajo con una indagacion alrededor de las funciones que desempenan los dos contextos en que se mueve el nino inmigrante en la escuela (el aula de apoyo linguistico y el aula regular del tutor), su funcion en el desarrollo de la competencia pragmatica de este, y una propuesta concreta de actuacion basada en las recomendaciones del Portafolio Europeo de las Lenguas.
Animal models of pre-eclampsia: do they exist? (1990)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Evaporation From Soil Containers With Irregular Shapes (2017)

Abstract Evaporation from bare soils under laboratory conditions is generally studied using containers of regular shapes where the vertical edges are parallel to the flow lines in the drying domain. The main objective of this study was to investigate the impact of irregular container shapes, for which the flow lines either converge or diverge toward the surface. Evaporation from initially saturated sand and sandy loam soils packed in cones and inverted cones was compared to evaporation from corresponding cylindrical columns. The initial evaporation rate was higher in the cones, and close to potential evaporation. At the end of the experiment, the cumulative evaporation depth in the sand cone was equal to that in the column but higher than in the inverted cone, while in the sandy loam, the order was cone > column > inverted cone. By comparison to the column, stage 1 evaporation was longer in the cones, and practically similar in the inverted cones. Stage 2 evaporation rate decreased with the increase of the evaporating surface area. These results were more pronounced in the sandy loam. For the sand column, the transition between stage 1 and stage 2 evaporation occurred when the depth of the saturation front was approximately equal to the characteristic length of the soil. However, for the cone and the inverted cone, it occurred for a shallower depth of the saturation front. It seems therefore that the concept of the characteristic length derived from the soil hydraulic properties is related to drying systems of regular shapes.
Generation of cloned adult muscular pigs with myostatin gene mutation by genetic engineering (2017)

Skeletal muscle is the most economically valuable tissue in meat-producing animals and enhancing muscle growth in these species may enhance the efficiency of meat production.
Defining the effects of an inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist on therapeutic targets. (2003)

The effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and long-acting beta 2-agonists (LABAs) on therapeutic targets have significant clinical relevance regarding optimal management of asthma. Asthma pathophysiology involves two main components: smooth muscle dysfunction and airway inflammation. LABAs and ICSs provide complementary modes of action in that these agents modulate smooth muscle dysfunction/bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation, respectively. Despite the documented benefits of ICSs, they remain underutilized because of a variety of physician- and patient-associated reasons including safety concerns. Underlying these concerns are published reports that suggest systemic effects of high doses of ICSs: skin bruising, reduction of bone mineral density, cataracts, glaucoma, and impaired short-term growth in children. Simple strategies to reduce the potential adverse effects of inhaled steroids include using the lowest effective maintenance dose and optimizing steroid-sparing strategies, specifically combination therapy with a LABA, leukotriene modifier, or theophylline. LABA therapy, when added to ICS therapy, provides clinically significant steroid-sparing effects while at the same time reducing the rate at which asthma exacerbations occur. Available clinical evidence suggests that the combination of ICS plus LABA is the best available option for the management of moderate persistent asthma. Consequently, this combination is the preferred choice for treating moderate persistent asthma based on current National Asthma Education and Prevention Program guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma.
Breast cancer screening. (2001)

Mammographic screening reduces breast cancer mortality by 24% in women aged > or = 50 years. Women aged 50-53 are invited for their first screen in the National Health Service Breast Screening Programme (NHSBSP), thereafter at three-year intervals until the age of 64. Two-view mammography is offered at the first (prevalent) screening examination and one-view for subsequent (incident) screens. The screening films are sorted into either 'normal' or 'abnormal requiring further assessment'. Assessment is carried out by a specialist multidisciplinary team using the triple approach: clinical examination, imaging and, where appropriate, needle biopsy. Imaging is planned according to the mammographic abnormality--paddle compression view to assess parenchymal distortion, magnification view to assess microcalcification. After confirmation of a suspicious abnormality, needle biopsy is performed. Results of triple assessment are considered together by the multidisciplinary team and further management is planned. There are four likely outcomes: benign/normal, confirmed breast cancer, suspicious but needing diagnostic surgical excision, and diagnostic uncertainty needing early recall for screening.