gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrakis(diphenylphosphino)allene. (1986)

Abstract The Iithiatcd form of the propyne (I) reacts with chlorodiphenylphosphine to give the title compound (II), oxidation of which with bisarimethylsilyl)peroxide affords the tetrakis phosphinoxide (IIIa) [for (IIIb) and (IIIc) no inslructions for preparation or yields are given, but their "Cand "P NMR data are presented].
Selection of nanostructures for porous field‐emission display (2007)

Abstract— This paper describes the evaluation of nanostructures to be integrated into porous field‐emission displays (pFEDs), based on a multilayer of copper and polyimide, pierced by holes. The evaluation work is based on diode‐mode measurements performed with carbon nanotubes and nanostructured copper oxide samples obtained through wet chemical processes. A special characterization tool, based on the curve method, was used to obtain current vs. field characteristics in a repetitive and reproducible method. Histograms of threshold fields for 46 samples are presented, allowing for a comparison between different methods of nanostructure formation, which shows that carbon nanotubes yield a threshold field which is at least five times smaller than that for copper oxides.
Prognostic normative reasoning in coalition planning (2011)

Human users planning for multiple objectives in coalition environments are subjected to high levels of cognitive workload, which can severely impair the quality of the plans created. The cognitive workload is significantly increased when a user must not only cope with a complex environment, but also with a set of unaccustomed rules that prescribe how the coalition planning process must be carried out. In this context, we develop a prognostic assistant agent that takes a proactive stance in assisting cognitively overloaded human users by providing timely support for normative reasoning-reasoning about prohibitions and obligations.
Asymmetric 3D Elastic–Plastic Strain‐Modulated Electron Energy Structure in Monolayer Graphene by Laser Shocking (2019)

Abstract Graphene has a great potential to replace silicon in prospective semiconductor industries due to its outstanding electronic and transport properties; nonetheless, its lack of energy bandgap is a substantial limitation for practical applications. To date, straining graphene to break its lattice symmetry is perhaps the most efficient approach toward realizing bandgap tunability in graphene. However, due to the weak lattice deformation induced by uniaxial or in‐plane shear strain, most strained graphene studies have yielded bandgaps <1 eV. In this work, a modulated inhomogeneous local asymmetric elastic–plastic straining is reported that utilizes GPa‐level laser shocking at a high strain rate (dε/d t ) ≈ 10 6 –10 7 s −1 , with excellent formability, inducing tunable bandgaps in graphene of up to 2.1 eV, as determined by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. High‐resolution imaging and Raman spectroscopy reveal strain‐induced modifications to the atomic and electronic structure in graphene and first‐principles simulations predict the measured bandgap openings. Laser shock modulation of semimetallic graphene to a semiconducting material with controllable bandgap has the potential to benefit the electronic and optoelectronic industries.
Collaborative Research: Contacting and Solidification in Casting-by-Design (2006)

Abstract: A technology to enable continuous casting of molten metals, in a single step, to the specifications of the designer is being developed[1]. For example, casting aluminum foil in a single step could reduce CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere by 250,000 tons per year, in the US alone. Furthermore every kilogram of aluminum saved by reducing manufacturing waste translates into electricity saved at the energy-hungry smelter. The technology is based on controlling length scales previously uncontrolled. Tunable casting uses substrate modification to manipulate product quality.
Lung Functions after Intravenous or Intraperitoneal Administration of Perfluorooctyl Bromide (PFOB) or Perfluorotributylamine (FTBA) Emulsions (1994)

The biomechanical and oxygen transfer functions of lungs of animals administered intravenous or intraperitoneal fluorocarbon emulsions containing either perfluorotributylamine or perfluorooctyl bromide 4 to 7 days earlier were tested in a porcine and a canine model. Lung fluorocarbon content was measured by 19F NMR spectroscopy. The existence of fluorocarbon in the lung tissue produced no measurable effects on lung compliance variables in vivo or ex vivo nor on steady state oxygen transfer from air to blood over a wide range of inspired oxygen partial pressures.
EDTA-DEPENDENT MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES TO HUMAN PROTEIN S (1987)

Splenocytes from a Balb/c mouse immunized with purified human protein S (PS) were fused with murine hybridoma cell line SP2/0-Agl4 and cultured in Iscove's medium without addition of fetal bovine serum. Hybrid supernatants were screened for the presence of specific antibodies by solid-phase ELISA and cloned by the limiting dilution technique. Pour clones, named S2, S3, S8, and S10, were selected, recloned several times, and injected intraperitoneally into Balb/c mice for the production of antibody-rich ascitic fluid. The monoclonal antibodies (Mabs), all of IgGl subclass with k light chain, were purified from ascitic fluid by Protein-A chromatography. The specificity of Mabs was controlled by the immunoblotting technique: the Mabs appeared to react only with two plasma proteins, one with a MW of about 70.000 dal tons comigrating with purified PS, and the other with a MW >300.000 da that is likely to be the C4b-binding protein-PS complex. No interaction has been observed with PS-depleted plasma. As tested by a fluid phase radio immunoassay, the binding of Mabs to PS was significantly higher in the presence of EDTA while was totally inhibited in the presence of Ca2+. Scatchard plot analysis of the binding between 125I-PS and Mabs showed that the binding affinity of the antibodies ranged from 108 to 109 1/mol. Each EDTA-dependent Mab was then immobilized on Sepharose 4B-CNBr and used to purify PS from barium precipitation of citrated plasma. The fraction eluted with 2 mmol of CaCl2 from the immunoadsorbent appeared to contain only two proteins when stained with Cocmassie Blue. By immuno blotting, all Mabs reacted with both proteins, one comigrating with purified PS and the other with a MW >300.000. Essentially homogeneous PS, free from the high MW component, was obtained when the barium citrate adsorbate was applied to a DEAE-Sephadex column and the protein peack containing the balk of PS was sussequently applied to the immunoadsorbent and eluted with 2 mmol CaCl2. In summary, we have described an unusual set of EDTA-dependent monoclonal antibodies to PS and their use for the purification of homogeneous protein S from human plasma.
Fusing concurrent visible and infrared videos for improved tracking performance (2013)

Visible and infrared video cameras are the most common imaging sensors used for video surveillance systems. Fusing concurrent visible and infrared imageries may further improve the overall detection and tracking performance of a video surveillance system. We performed image fusion using 13 pixel-based image fusion algorithms and examined their effects on the detection and tracking performance of a given target tracker. We identified five fusion methods that produced significantly better performance, three of which also managed to achieve that with a relatively high efficiency.
Therapeutic approach to ovarian cysts in tamoxifen‐treated women with breast cancer (1996)

The findings of this preliminary report suggest that GnRHa might be an appropriate treatment for tamoxifen-treated women who develop ovarian cysts. It was demonstrated that the GnRHa caused regression of the ovarian cysts and enabled continuation with the adjuvant tamoxifen treatment.
Long term sequelae of childhood acute bacterial meningitis in a developing country: A study from the sudan (1991)

35 survivors of acute bacterial meningitis (ABM) from a group of 44 Sudanese children--seen during 18 months (April 1985-November 1986)--were prospectively followed to ascertain the long-term sequelae of the disease. 30 (17 with Haemophilus influenzae, 8 Neisseria meningitidis, 4 Streptococcus pneumoniae and one child with Enterobacter cloacae meningitis) could be followed during the surveillance period (3-4 years). Three (10%), including 2 with hemiplegia, died after 11-12 months. The association between motor deficit on discharge from hospital and subsequent death was significant (p = 0.04). Of the remaining 27, neuropsychologic sequelae were recorded in 9 (33%). Sensorineural hearing loss was observed in 6 (22%) patients and improved in one during surveillance. Motor deficits were found to improve with time but were replaced by the development of epilepsy about 3 years later in 11% of the survivors. The mean IQ (+/- SD) score for a subgroup of 19 post-meningitic children (92.3 +/- 13.9) was found to be significantly lower than in their nearest-age sibling controls (100.7 +/- 10.2; p = less than 0.01). Younger age at admission and longer duration of ABM symptoms before treatment were significantly associated with poorer outcome (respectively, r = 0.63, p = less than 0.01, r = 0.67, p = less than 0.01). The potential impact of vaccination against the commonest organisms causing ABM in developing countries is discussed.
Endoscopic laminoforaminoplasty success rates for treatment of foraminal spinal stenosis: report on sixty-four cases (2009)

Endoscopic laminoforaminoplasty appears to be a safe alternative to open decompression in patients with spinal foraminal stenosis; additional controlled trials are warranted.
Decentralizing Network Inference Problems With Multiple-Description Fusion Estimation (MDFE) (2015)

Network inference (or tomography) problems, such as traffic matrix estimation or completion and link loss inference, have been studied rigorously in different networking applications. These problems are often posed as under-determined linear inverse (UDLI) problems and solved in a centralized manner, where all the measurements are collected at a central node, which then applies a variety of inference techniques to estimate the attributes of interest. This paper proposes a novel framework for decentralizing these large-scale under-determined network inference problems by intelligently partitioning it into smaller subproblems and solving them independently and in parallel. The resulting estimates, referred to as multiple descriptions, can then be fused together to compute the global estimate. We apply this Multiple Description and Fusion Estimation (MDFE) framework to three classical problems: traffic matrix estimation, traffic matrix completion, and loss inference. Using real topologies and traces, we demonstrate how MDFE can speed up computation while maintaining (even improving) the estimation accuracy and how it enhances robustness against noise and failures. We also show that our MDFE framework is compatible with a variety of existing inference techniques used to solve the UDLI problems.
Calcium handling proteins in the failing human heart (1998)

There is accumulating evidence that disturbed calcium homeostasis may play a key role in the pathophysiology of human heart failure. Because disturbed calcium handling could result from altered protein expression, levels of calcium handling proteins were quantitated by Western Blot analysis in failing and nonfailing human myocardium from hearts with endstage failing dilated or ischemic cardiomyopathy. Protein levels of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release channel (ryanodine receptor) and of calcium storage proteins (calsequestrin and calreticulin) were similar in failing and nonfailing human myocardium. However, proteins involved in calcium removal from the cytosol were significantly altered in the failing human heart: 1) SR-Ca2+- ATPase, relevant for removal of calcium from the cytosol into the lumen of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, was decreased; 2) phospholamban, which inhibits the SR-Ca2+- ATPase in the basal unphosphorylated state, was slightly decreased; 3) the ratio of SR-Ca2+-ATPase to phospholamban was decreased; 4) the sarcolemmal Na+-Ca2+- exchanger, relevant for transsarcolemmal calcium extrusion was increased in the failing hearts. In summary, altered levels of proteins involved in calcium removal from the cytosol suggest an increase in transsarcolemmal calcium elimination relative to sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium removal. These findings support the concept that reduced function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to accumulate calcium may reflect a major defect in excitation-contraction coupling in human heart failure.
<title>Nonprojective Transformations In Optics</title> (1982)

Optical systems that perform non-projective transformations are rarely synthesized by intent. Most systems familiar in practice are designed to provide the closest approximation to a projective transformation that is allowed by physics, technology, or economy. The advent of the laser brings many new applications for optical transformations - the non-projective variety being a late-comer. Requirements in the fields of laser materials processing, optical data processing, high energy lasers, and laser fusion, just to name those areas already penetrated, lead one to consideration for unconventional grooming of wavefront irradiance profiles. Transformations such as changing a wavefront irradiance distribution from flat-like to gaussian-like, or vice versa, or changing the wavefront area obscuration while maintaining its focusability, are typical examples of applications gaining an increasing interest. Following the laws of geometrical optics, yet violating certain fundamental rules of imaging, the present paper develops principles of design and analysis of non-projective transformations in optics, and explores one possible application.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Secondary Metabolites by Chemical Screening, 24. Oasomycins, New Macrolactones of the Desertomycin Family (1993)

Abstract New macrolactones, named oasomycin A to D ( 1 to 4 ), were discovered by a chemical screening in the culture broth of Streptoverticillium baldacii subsp. netropse (strain FH‐S 1625). The structures were established by detailed spectroscopic analysis. The fundamental 42‐membered lactone moiety of oasomycin A and B ( 1 and 2 ) is analogous to that of desertomycin A ( 5 ), while the oasomycins C and D ( 3 and 4 ) are the first representatives of macrolactones bearing a 44‐membered skeleton. These metabolites can be distinguished by side chain modifications at C‐41 or C‐43 as well as the presence of an α‐linked D ‐mannose moiety attached to 22‐OH. Due to the structural similarities the oasomycins are integrated into the desertomycin family. In vitro testing by using the HEP‐G2 cell assay showed oasomycin A ( 1 ) to be an inhibitor of de novo cholesterol biosynthesis.
A Redox-triggered Ras-Effector Interaction (1998)

Reactive free radical species are known to trigger biochemical events culminating in transcription factor activation and modulation of gene expression. The cytosolic signaling events triggered by free radicals that result in nuclear responses are largely unknown. Here we identify a signaling cascade triggered immediately upon redox activation of Ras. We examined two physiologically relevant models of redox signaling: 1) nitric oxide in human T cells, and 2) advanced glycation end product in rat pheochromocytoma cells. Reactive free radical species generated by nitric oxide donors and the interaction of advanced glycation end product with its receptor led to the recruitment of p85/p110 phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K) to the plasma membrane, where it associated directly with the effector domain of Ras and became activated. Only the p110β and p110δ (but not p110α) catalytic subunits were recruited by redox-activated Ras. Activation of downstream targets of PI3K such as protein kinase B/Akt and mitogen-activated protein kinase was found to be PI3K dependent. Our study demonstrates that nitrosative and oxidative stressors trigger Ras-dependent and PI3K-regulated events in cells and define a biochemical pathway that is triggered by redox signaling.
Research Summary: Communication-Sensitive Decision Making in Multi-Agent, Real-Time Environments (2001)

In a recently started project, we are developing techniques for intelligent agent control and coordination in a dynamic, real-time, multi-agent setting. The application domain, consisting of teams of autonomous air vehicles (AAVs), is characterized by dynamic environments, real-time response requirements, limited information, and unreliable, low-bandwidth communications. We have developed an initial framework that models decision making, reasoning about constraints, and learning at multiple levels of abstraction and multiple time scales, within and across agents. Decision making in this framework is sensitive to communication availability and costs, tradeoffs among multiple objectives, and reliability of information about other agents (friendly and hostile) in the environment. We plan to focus our research on three key areas:
Effects of angiostatin gene transfer on functional properties and in vivo growth of Kaposi's sarcoma cells. (2001)

Gene transfer delivery of endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors such as angiostatin would circumvent problems associated with long-term administration of proteins. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a highly vascular neoplasm, is an excellent model for studying tumor angiogenesis and antiangiogenic agent efficacy. We investigated the effects of angiostatin gene transfer in in vitro and in vivo models of KS-induced neovascularization and tumor growth. A eukaryotic expression plasmid and a Moloney leukemia virus-based retroviral vector for expression of murine angiostatin were generated harboring the angiostatin cDNA with cleavable leader signals under the control of either the strong cytomegalovirus promoter/enhancer or the Moloney leukemia virus long terminal repeat. Angiostatin secretion was confirmed by radioimmunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis. Supernatants of angiostatin-transfected cells inhibited endothelial cell migration in vitro. Stable gene transfer of the angiostatin cDNA by retroviral vectors in KS-IMM cells resulted in sustained angiostatin expression and delayed tumor growth in nude mice, which was associated with reduced vascularization. These findings suggest that gene therapy with angiostatin might be useful for treatment of KS and possibly other highly angiogenic tumors.
Effects of Nitrification and Chlorine Disinfection on BOD of Effluent from Johkasou Systems (2009)

汚水処理施設における処理水質の評価は、下水道では消毒後、浄化槽では消毒前で行われてきているが、現行のBODの測定法では施設の設計・運転条件により、硝化細菌による硝化作用が著しく影響を及ぼしている。また、塩素消毒の影響評価については、必ずしも十分検討はされていない。そこで、本研究では、地域の環境保全としての水環境システムにおける生活排水対策の適正かつ効率的な普及を図る観点から、消毒前後の処理水質について、実稼動の処理施設を対象に検証を行った。調査は、関東圏内の戸建住宅に設置された小型浄化槽（5～10人槽）85基を対象に実施した。その結果、所期の性能に対するBOD適合率は消毒前では全体の79％、消毒後では92％に達し、消毒槽におけるBOD除去効果が認められた。このことから、放流先の環境負荷低減効果を評価する上では、消毒後の処理水質を対象とすることが妥当であり、下水道との処理性能に関する有意差はほとんどないことが明らかになった。
Improving palliative and supportive care in cancer patients. (2005)

Twenty years of research in controlling symptoms such as pain and nausea have shown persistent suboptimal performance by the US oncology system. The data suggest that some of the tools of palliative care programs can improve physical symptoms of seriously ill patients at a cost society can afford. To fix these problems will require recognition of the symptoms or concerns, a system such as an algorithm or care plan for addressing each, measurement of the change, and accountability for the change. Symptom assessment scales such as the Edmonton Symptom Assessment Scale or Rotterdam Symptom Check List work to make symptoms manifest. Listing symptoms on a problem list is a necessary step in addressing them. Physical symptoms such as pain can be improved by use of computer prompts, algorithms, dedicated staff time, team management, or combinations of these strategies. Less concrete problems such as medically appropriate goal-setting, integrating palliative care into anticancer care sooner, and informing patients about the benefits and risks of chemotherapy near the end of life require more complex solutions. We review what is known about symptom control in oncology, how and why some programs do better, and make suggestions for practice. Finally, we suggest a practical plan for using symptom assessment scales, listing the problems, and managing them according to algorithms or other predetermined plans.
Applications of Solid Electrolyte Sensors on the Non-ferrous Metallurgy (1983)

During the past about two decades, many experimental results have certified that an electrochemical method using zirconia solid electrolyte proved to be very convenient and accurate as a method in measuring of equilibrium oxygen potential in laboratory investigations.Recently such electrochemical technique has been used as a device for the effective monitor in many kinds of industrial field.In this review, applications of solid electrolyte sensors on the non-ferrous metallurgy are introduced.At first sublance and combilance in the steel making plant are introduced. The carbon and oxygen contents in molten steel could be determined during only about several seconds and those have been used to make process controll.The oxygen probe has been used as a continuous oxygen monitor in molten copper at the launder before the continuous casting during about 100 hrs.However in the field of non-ferrous smelter, the oxygen probe could not be used continuously because the stabilized zirconia was corroded with any melts at such high temperature.Many disposable oxygen probes have been used to measure the oxygen content of molten steel. We tried such disposable oxygen probe applied to measure the oxygen potentials of molten matte, slag and crude copper in copper smelter and it was confirmed that the same oxygen probe could be used to measure the oxygen potentials in the several spots of copper smelter.As the oxygen probe for gas, two kinds of oxygen sensor are shown. One is disposable type and the other one is continuous monitor type.The sensor consist of stabilized zirconia has been used to measure the other potentials than oxygen, for example, carbon or sulfur etc.In the end of this review, the other solid electrolytes than oxygen are introduced.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of $\beta$-Xylosidase Gene from Thermophilic Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. K-17 into Escheyichia cozi and Bacillus subtilis (1989)

The chromosomal DNA fragments of thermophilic alkalophilic Bacillus sp, K-17, a potent xylanhydrolyzing bacterium, were ligated to a vector plasmid pBR322 and transformed into Escherichia coli HB101. The plasmid pAX278, isolated from a transformant forming yellow color on the LB agar plate containing 1 mM p-nitrophenyl- -xylopyranoside, was found to enable the transformants to produce p-xylosidase. The 5.0 kilobase insert of pAX278 had single sites for EcoRI, PstI, XbaI, and PvuII, and 2 sites for BglII. Biotinylated pAX218 was hybridized to 0.9 kb as well as 5.0 kb fragment from Bacillus sp. K-17 DNA on nitrocellulose filter. pGX718 was constructed by inserting the 5.0 kb HindIII fragment of pGX278 at the HindIII site of pGR71, E. coli and B. subtilis shuttle vector. The enzymatic properties of -xylosidase from E. coli HB101 carrying recombinant plasmid were the same those of -xylosidase from Bacillus sp. K-17.