gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shadowing growth of three-dimensional nanostructures on finite size seeds (2008)

We reported the fabrication of silicon (Si) nanorods and springs on arrays of seeds with different diameters by using glancing angle deposition technique. Single nanorod is possible to grow on individual seeds if the size of the seeds is small enough. On large size seeds, however, multiple Si nanorods are observed in experiments. The effects of the size of seeds were studied by using Monte Carlo simulations based on a ballistic aggregation model. The simulation model also includes ballistic sticking, shadowing, and surface mobility. Both of the top-view and cross-sectional images of the nanostructures were generated in simulation and compared to the images of experimental samples taken by scanning electron microscopy. We also investigated the effect of surface diffusion on the formation of nanostructures. In our experiments, no separate rods formed when the surface mobility is sufficiently high, such as the deposition of cobalt on the large size seeds.
Activity of CHS 828 in primary cultures of human hematological and solid tumors in vitro (2001)

CHS 828 is a pyridyl cyanoguanidine that has shown promising preclinical anticancer activity against various experimental tumor models and is presently being tested in a phase II trial in man. In the present study the fluorometric microculture cytotoxicity assay was used for in vitro evaluation of CHS 828 activity in primary cell cultures from hematological and solid tumors. In total, 156 samples from various diagnoses were tested with 72-h continuous drug exposure. CHS 828 showed high relative in vitro activity against tumor cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia as well as from acute leukemia and high-grade lymphoma. Activity was also observed in several solid tumor cell samples, although the group as a whole appeared less responsive. CHS 828 was significantly more active against hematological malignancies compared to normal lymphocytes. Correlation analysis with standard drugs revealed low to moderate correlation coefficients. The results show that CHS 828 has potent antitumor activity against primary cultures of human tumor cells from patients and might have a unique mechanism of action.
Growth of GaN on GaAs(111)B by Metalorganic Hydrogen Chloride VPE Using Double Buffer Layer (1997)

GaN epitaxial layers were grown by metalorganic hydrogen chloride vapor phase epitaxy (MOH-VPE) using double GaN buffer layers on GaAs substrate. In this method, the first GaN buffer layer was deposited on GaAs(111)B substrate at 550° C, and after annealing at 850° C for 10 min, the second buffer layer was deposited at 500° C. Then the GaN epitaxial layer was grown at 850° C. The X-ray full width at half maximum (FWHM) value of the obtained hexagonal GaN was smaller than that of a GaN epitaxial layer with a single buffer layer. The room temperature photoluminescence spectra exhibited a strong peak at approximately 361.5 nm.
Beta Androstenediol Mitigates the Damage of 1 GeV/n Fe Ion Particle Radiation to the Hematopoietic System (2011)

Space exploration is associated with exposure to 1-3 Gy solar particle radiation and galactic cosmic radiation that could increase cancer rates. Effective nontoxic countermeasures to high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation exposure are highly desirable but currently not available. The aim was to determine whether a single subcutaneous injection of androstenediol (Δ(5) androsten-3β, 17β-diol [AED]) could mitigate and restore the mouse hematopoetic system from the radiation-mediated injury of 3 Gy whole-body high LET (56)Fe(26+) exposure. The findings show that postradiation AED treatment has an overall positive and significant beneficial effect to restore the levels of hematopoeitic elements (p<0.001). Androstenediol treatment significantly increased monocyte levels at days 4, 7, and 14 and, similarly, increased red blood cell, hemoglobin, and platelet counts. Flow cytometry analysis 14 days after radiation and AED treatment demonstrated an increase (p<0.05) in bone marrow cells counts. Ex vivo osteoclastogenesis studies show that AED treatment is necessary and advantageous for the development and restoration of osteoclastogenesis after radiation exposure. These findings clearly show that androstenediol functions as a countermeasure to remedy hematopoeitic injury mediated by high LET iron ion radiation. Presently, no other agent has been shown to have such properties.
Cooperative biodegradation of geosmin by a consortium comprising three gram-negative bacteria isolated from the biofilm of a sand filter column (2006)

These results are important for researchers currently employing molecular-based approaches to further understand the biodegradation of geosmin by bacteria, as such studies may be complicated by the discovery of geosmin degradation occurring by a consortium. This study also advances the knowledge surrounding the types of bacteria capable of degrading the taste and odour compound, as investigations to date regarding this are limited.
Preclinical Evaluation of Haemosorbents (1986)

The selection of assessment procedures for the preclinical evaluation of haemosorbents and the relationship between such procedures and the intended application are exemplified by examination of the design and utilization of procedures based on the rat. Procedures are described for haemoperfusion and for membrane plasma separation followed by on-line sorbent treatment of plasma (plasma perfusion). These procedures are suitable for single or repeated use, with the animal in an unrestrained and conscious state. The relevance to the intended application is demonstrated with respect to artificial liver support by the ability of rat extracorporeal circuits to provide information on the relationship between sorbent properties and liver regeneration as determined by the proliferative response following partial hepatectomy.
Polymer science and engineering education in the United States (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTPolymer science and engineering education in the United StatesJ. C. Salamone , R. D. Deanin , M. G. Young , and E. M. Pearce Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 11, 768Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1973Published inissue 1 November 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ed050p768RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Azacitidine improves clinical outcomes in older patients with acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplasia-related changes compared with conventional care regimens (2017)

This study was registered at clinicalTrials.gov on February 16, 2010 ( NCT01074047 ).
Van Allen Probes investigation of the large‐scale duskward electric field and its role in ring current formation and plasmasphere erosion in the 1 June 2013 storm (2015)

Abstract Using the Van Allen Probes, we investigate the enhancement in the large‐scale duskward convection electric field during the geomagnetic storm ( Dst ~ −120 nT) on 1 June 2013 and its role in ring current ion transport and energization and plasmasphere erosion. During this storm, enhancements of ~1–2 mV/m in the duskward electric field in the corotating frame are observed down to L shells as low as ~2.3. A simple model consisting of a dipole magnetic field and constant, azimuthally westward, electric field is used to calculate the earthward and westward drift of 90° pitch angle ions. This model is applied to determine how far earthward ions can drift while remaining on Earth's nightside, given the strength and duration of the convection electric field. The calculation based on this simple model indicates that the enhanced duskward electric field is of sufficient intensity and duration to transport ions from a range of initial locations and initial energies characteristic of (though not observed by the Van Allen Probes) the earthward edge of the plasma sheet during active times (L ~ 6–10 and ~1–20 keV) to the observed location of the 58–267 keV ion population, chosen as representative of the ring current (L ~ 3.5–5.8). According to the model calculation, this transportation should be concurrent with an energization to the range observed, ~58–267 keV. Clear coincidence between the electric field enhancement and both plasmasphere erosion and ring current ion (58–267 keV) pressure enhancements are presented. We show for the first time nearly simultaneous enhancements in the duskward convection electric field, plasmasphere erosion, and increased pressure of 58–267 keV ring current ions. These 58–267 keV ions have energies that are consistent with what they are expected to pick up by gradient B drifting across the electric field. These observations strongly suggest that we are observing the electric field that energizes the ions and produces the erosion of the plasmasphere.
First-arrival traveltime tomography using limited-acquisition geometry in an irregular topography (2017)

Wave-equation-based refraction traveltime tomography estimates near-surface velocity more accurately than ray-based method does in that the former does not suffer from shadow zone problem. In this study, we address that the wave-equation-based refraction traveltime tomography is applicable to velocity model with irregular topography. In order to describe the irregular topography, we use the finite-element method based on unstructured mesh. The wave equation is solved in the frequency domain to produce strongly damped wavefields. Then, traveltimes can be obtained from the calculated damped wavefields. The proposed traveltime calculation algorithm is robust even for unstructured mesh thank to the damped wavefields. Hence, the refraction traveltime tomography is easily implemented. We use the nonlinear conjugate gradient method for the inversion and precondition the gradient direction by the diagonal elements of approximate Hessian for better convergence. Also, smoothing regularization is added to overcome the ill-posedness of the tomography problem. Through a synthetic data example, it is shown that the first-arrival traveltimes obtained from the true and inverted velocity models are nearly identical. We, also, assessed the applicability of our tomography method for field data. The proposed algorithm is expected to be applicable to static correction which is necessary for land seismic data processing. Presentation Date: Thursday, September 28, 2017 Start Time: 10:35 AM Location: 370C Presentation Type: ORAL
Molecular Biology of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (2008)

Beet necrotic yellow vein virus is the etiological agent of one of the most devastating sugar beet viral diseases: rhizomania. This review describes the molecular biology of the rhizomania disease, the functions of the BNYVV encoded proteins, the consequences of their expression as well as the biology of the BNYVV vector, Polymyxa betae. Root proliferation is an important part of the well-known characteristics of the viral infection that leads to yield and sugar losses. The extensive use of sugar beet cultivars displaying partial resistance or tolerance against virus infection allows containment of sugar yields. However, such extensive uses also permit viruliferous vector to be amplified and therefore the appearance of resistance breaking isolates. We review as well the defence strategies that may be used against rhizomania.
Microbiota and crevicular fluid collagenase activity in the osseointegrated dental implant sulcus: A comparison of sites in edentulous and partially edentulous patients (1989)

The soft tissues adjacent to osseointegrated dental implants (OII) were investigated using clinical, biochemical and microbiological methods. Tooth and implant crevices were compared in 15 partially edentulous patients, examining 28 peri-implant and 19 periodontal sites, and in 6 edentulous patients, examining 13 implant sites. Sites were classified by standard periodontal indices; the crevicular fluid flow determined; crevicular fluid was collected for collagenase assays; and the subgingival bacterial flora was examined and cultured. Differences in clinical parameters were noted in that implants had significantly less keratinized gingiva and deeper probing depths. Crevicular fluid was present in the OII sulcus but the crevicular fluid flow did not differ from that observed from tooth sites either in the partially edentulous or edentulous patients. Tissue collagenase activity and collagenase inhibitor were detected in the implant crevicular fluid and, as in periodontal sites, a strong inverse relationship was found between the levels of active collagenase and collagenase inhibitor. Microbiology included darkfield microscopy, anaerobic culturing for total colony forming unit counts and identification of black pigmented Bacteroides (BPB). Few differences were observed between implants and teeth in partially edentulous patients, indicating that crevices around teeth may act as reservoirs of bacteria which can colonize implant sites. A higher percentage of BPBs and wet spreaders (Capnocytophaga) was noted at partially edentulous implant sites when compared with edentulous implant sites, perhaps reflecting the lower numbers of periodontal pathogens present in edentulous mouths. Overall, the characteristics of implant sulci appear to be similar to periodontal sulci with respect to crevicular fluid flow and microflora.
Point mutations of protein kinases and individualised cancer therapy (2006)

The treatment of cancer is rapidly changing, with an increasing focus on converting our improved understanding of the molecular basis of disease into clinical benefit for patients. Protein kinases that are mutated in cancer represent attractive targets, as they may result in cellular dependency on the mutant kinase or its associated pathway for survival, a condition known as 'oncogene addiction'. Early clinical experiences have demonstrated dramatic clinical benefit of targeting oncogenic mutations in diseases that have been largely resistant to traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy. Further, mutational activation of kinases can indicate which patients are likely to respond to targeted therapeutics. However, these experiences have also illuminated a number of critical challenges that will have to be addressed in the development of effective drugs across different cancers, to fully realise the potential of individualised molecular therapy. This review utilises examples of genetic activation of kinases to illustrate many of the lessons learned, as well as those yet to be implemented.
Evaluation of the reconstruction of seed positions from stereo and orthogonal radiographs for routine radiotherapy planning. (1991)

Brachytherapy, which refers to short-distance treatment via implanted sources, requires an accurate knowledge of the dose distribution in the implant volume. A critical step in the determination of the dose distribution involves an accurate reconstruction of seed positions. Stereo and orthogonal radiographs offer two distinct imaging techniques for determining the seed positions in the implant volume. This work is an attempt to study the effects of random errors associated with the three-dimensional reconstruction of a two-plane seed implant from stereo and orthogonal radiographs. The uncertainty in coordinates is expressed as the standard deviation of the measurements. To assess the geometric accuracy of the stereo and orthogonal methods, the computer-reconstructed coordinates of each seed are compared with the measured and manually calculated coordinates. The uncertainties in the coordinates and relative positions of seeds are also estimated by considering the propagation of errors in the reconstructed parameters. The isodose contours surrounding the implant are obtained for both methods. Using a sonic digitizer to input the data, it was found that seed coordinates and relative seed positions can be obtained satisfactorily from stereo radiographs. The uncertainties were compared with the values reported in the literature. Suggestions are made to reduce the uncertainties in the reconstruction of coordinates with the stereo method.
Differential Postnatal Development of Catecholamine and Serotonin Inputs to Identified Neurons in Prefrontal Cortex of Rhesus Monkey (2000)

The monoaminergic innervation of cerebral cortex has long been implicated in its development. Methods now exist to examine catecholamine and serotonin inputs to identified neurons in the cerebral cortex. We have quantified such inputs on pyramidal and nonpyramidal cells in prefrontal cortex of rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 2 weeks to 10 years. Individual layer III neurons were filled with Lucifer yellow and double-immunostained with axons containing either tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT). The filled cells were reconstructed, and putative appositions between the axons and dendritic spines and shafts were quantified at high magnification using light microscopy. The density of catecholamine appositions on pyramidal neurons matures slowly, reaching only half the adult level by 6 months of age and thereafter rising gradually to adult levels by 2 years of age. By contrast, the density of serotonin appositions on pyramidal cells reaches the adult level before the second week after birth. The average adult pyramidal neuron in layer III of area 9m receives three times stronger input from catecholaminergic than from serotoninergic axons. The overall density of both inputs to interneurons does not appear to change during postnatal development. Selective changes in the TH innervation of pyramidal cells against a backdrop of constant TH innervation of interneurons suggest that the balance between excitation and inhibition may change developmentally in the prefrontal cortex. By contrast, 5-HT innervation of both types of neurons remains relatively constant over the age range studied.
Introduction (1998)

At present, we do not fully understand at what stage of the evolution of living matter the first traces of defense reactions occurred. We even do not fully understand how and why immune systems reached their contemporary state in advanced vertebrates and man. It may be expected that in the near future these questions will be answered by comparative and developmental biology. Together with an extraordinary explosion of our knowledge about immunity of mammals including man, an increase in the interests concerning origin and development of immune mechanisms at lower stages of the phylogeny can be observed. The search for simple types of immune mechanisms in less complex but still evolutionary successful animals is promising and may contribute to better understanding of highly complex immune adaptive responses in mammals.
A Low-Profile Polarization-Adjustable Ring Slot Antenna for Millimeter-wave Applications (2019)

In this letter, a dual port antenna with polarization adjustability is proposed. The loading effect of four ring slots stimulates a hybrid mode in the antenna that generates eight magnetic monopoles with high gain in boresight. Due to symmetrical configuration, adding a 90 degree-rotated port provides a dual polarized antenna. Through controlling the phase difference between the two ports, six types of polarization can be demonstrated. A prototype is fabricated and measured in 28 GHz. Antenna shows a maximum gain of 13 dBi, X% bandwidth and a good cross-polarization level in all polarization states. Distinct features including low-profile, low-cost, single-layered and no feeding network makes the antenna a suitable candidate for upcoming millimeter-wave applications.
A Tool for Designing Realizable Hyperlenses (2009)

We developed an on-line simulation tool, which facilitates designing experimentally realizable hyperlenses with discrete-layered cylindrical structures. A design working at 340 nm with a resolution of a quarter wavelength is presented.
The α- and the β-form of the nickel(<scp>II</scp>) diethylphosphinodithioic acid chelates (1968)

P. S. Shetty, P. Jose and Q. Fernando, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 788 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000788
Increased erythropoiesis and 2'5'-A polymerase activity in the marrow and spleen of phenylhydrazine-injected rats. (1982)

The rate of CFUE production in adult rats varies considerably according to whether the animals are rendered anemic by short or long term treatment with phenylhydrazine. The bone marrow responds during 2 months of phenylhydrazine injections with a progressive increase in CFUE, the spleen shows a rapid and larger rise after 3 daily injections followed by a decline to near zero, control numbers, after prolonged administration of the drug, and the liver never develops erythropoietic activity. Endogenous colonies, that is, colonies that grow in plasma clots without added erythropoietin, are most numerous in bone marrow after phenylhydrazine treatment, are always few in the spleen and are never present in cultures of liver cells. In both marrow and spleen, there is a direct correlation between the rate of erythropoiesis and 2'5'-A polymerase activity. These findings suggest that production of the enzyme may be an early event in erythroid cell differentiation.
In Vitro Effects of Antivascular Endothelial Growth Factors on Cultured Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2010)

Our data reveal that high concentrations of bevacizumab are harmful to TM cells in vitro whereas no such effect was noted with human immunoglobulin G controls or ranibizumab. Further studies are needed to better understand the antimetabolic effects of higher concentrations of bevacizumab on intraocular cell lines and whether smaller concentrations may have a similar effect on TM cells after repeated exposures.
<title>Spectrally narrowed lasing of a self-injection KrF excimer laser</title> (1990)

Spectrally nantwed lasing of a KrF excimer laser has teen ahieved by a self-injection technique using abeam splitter for power extraction aixi intravity etalons for spectral-narrowing. The laser cavity is divithi into an amplifying branch aix! a spectralnarrowing branch. The spectral bandwidth was narrowed to <3pm FWHM with air-sed etalons placed in the spectral-narrowing branch. A laser propagation model was intrOdUced for describing the laser intensity traveling in the laser cavity. The calculated intensityincident onthe intracavityetalons wassmaller thanthat in theconventional Fabry-Perotcavity withplane-parallel mirrors.