gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the gp130 cytokines ciliary neurotropic factor (CNTF) and interleukin-11 on pituitary cells: CNTF receptors on human pituitary adenomas and stimulation of prolactin and GH secretion in normal rat anterior pituitary aggregate cultures (2001)

Two of the most potent cytokines regulating anterior pituitary cell function are leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and interleukin (IL)-6, which belong to the cytokine family using the common gp130 signal transducer. Recently, the expression and action of two other members of this family, IL-11 and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), on different cell lines has also been demonstrated. We studied the expression of the specific receptor subunits for CNTF in mammotropic, non-functioning and somatotropic tumors and the action of CNTF and IL-11 in the regulation of hormone secretion in these and normal pituitary cells. The mRNA for the alpha chain specific for the CNTF receptor was detected by Northern blot in tumors secreting prolactin (PRL) and GH and in non-functioning tumors. We found that both IL-11 and CNTF exerted a similar stimulatory effect on GH mRNA expression in somatotropic monolayer cell cultures from acromegalic tumors, but these cytokines had no significant influence on GH secretion. CNTF stimulates prolactin secretion in lactotropic monolayer cell cultures from patients with prolactinoma. In monolayer cell cultures from normal rat anterior pituitary, IL-11 and CNTF had no significant effect on the release of either GH or PRL, or on GH mRNA. However, when the cells were cultured in aggregate cultures, in which the three-dimensional structure of the cells is reconstituted, both cytokines, in doses at which they had no effect on monolayer cultures, significantly stimulated both PRL and GH secretion. These data show that IL-11 and CNTF may act as regulatory factors in anterior pituitary cells, in which the three-dimensional structure of the gland is of critical importance.
Treatment and Outcomes of Airway-Esophageal Fistulas (2013)

Purpose: Treatment options for airway-esophageal fistula (AEF) include esophageal stent placement, surgery, medical therapy, and endoscopic closure techniques. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes associated with these different treatment strategies. Methods: Subjects diagnosed with AEF at our institution between 9/1/2001 and 1/1/2012 were identified from endoscopic, bronchoscopic, radiologic, and surgical databases. The first intervention utilized for treatment of the fistula was categorized as medical, surgical, esophageal stent placement, or other. The etiology of the fistula was classified as malignant, post-operative (PO), or other. Technical success, overall survival, number of interventions per patient-year after initial treatment, and median time to second intervention or death were recorded. Technical success was defined as complete closure of the fistula by a contrast swallow study. Results: 58/123 (47.2%) identified patients underwent esophageal stent placement as the first intervention, 35/123 (28.46%) surgery, 11/123 (8.9%) medical therapy, and 19/123 (15.4%) other treatments. The other treatment group included tracheal stent placement (10/19), tracheal and esophageal combination stent placement (3/19), advanced endoscopic techniques (5/19) (clipping, gluing, suturing, or laser coagulation), and clipping plus esophageal stent placement (1/19). Number of re-interventions per patient-year, time to second intervention for each treatment group, technical success data, and overall survival can be seen in Table 1. Esophageal stent placement was utilized in 39/63 (61.9%) patients with malignant etiologies, 11/35 (31.4%) with post-operative etiologies, and 7/24 (29.2%) with other etiologies (p-value <0.001). Surgery was more frequently utilized in those with PO etiologies (16/35, 45.7%) and other etiologies (12/24, 50%) than in those with malignant etiologies (7/63, 11.2%) (p <0.001).Table: Table. Outcome for treatment groupsConclusion: In our study, the treatment strategy utilized for AEF differed significantly with the etiology of the fistula, and thus, formal comparisons should not be made between treatment groups. Among patients treated with esophageal stents survival was short, and frequent re-interventions were required.
User-centric services provisioning in wireless environments (2008)

The rapid advancement of wireless communication technology is enabling web-services to provide data and services to mobile users. The latest mobile applications with ubiquitous wireless networking provide virtual environment for the users. A class assistance mobile service can help college students to manage and plan their class activities with their mobile devices. Services provider for mobile users need to make efforts to provide personalized services to mobile users and to overcome the problem of limited resources of mobile devices. Mobile devices has limited resources like battery power and limited input capacity. A multi-agent based architecture was developed to provide a distributed, adaptive, and context aware platform for personalized services. IBM launched its Web Service Toolkit for mobile devices, while Microsoft and Vodafone launched Mobile Web Services.
Spatial distribution of the gain and temperature across the flow in a slit-nozzle supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser with transonic and supersonic schemes of iodine injection (2002)

Spatial distributions of the gain and temperature across the flow were studied for transonic and supersonic schemes of the iodine injection in a slit-nozzle supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser as a function of the iodine and secondary nitrogen flow rate, jet penetration parameter, and gas pumping rate. The mixing efficiency for supersonic injection of iodine (/spl sim/0.85) is much larger than for transonic injection (/spl sim/0.5), the maximum values of the gain being /spl sim/0.65%/cm for both injection schemes. Measurements of the gain distribution as a function of the iodine molar flow rate nI/sub 2/ were carried out. For transonic injection, the optimal value of nI/sub 2/ at the now centerline is smaller than that at off axis locations. The temperature is distributed homogeneously across the flow, increasing only in the narrow boundary layers near the walls. Opening a leak downstream of the cavity in order to decrease the Mach number results in a much larger mixing efficiency (/spl sim/0.8) than for a closed leak.
Chemoselective Intramolecular Formal Insertion Reaction of Rh–Nitrenes into an Amide Bond Over C−H Insertion (2018)

The past few decades have witnessed extensive efforts to disclose the unique reactivity of metal-nitrenes, because they could be a powerful synthetic tool for introducing the amine functionality into unactivated chemical bonds. The reactivity of metal-nitrenes, however, is currently mainly confined to aziridination (an insertion into a C=C bond) and C-H amination (an insertion into a C-H bond). Nitrene insertion into an amide C-N bond, however, has not been reported so far. In this work we have developed a rhodium-catalyzed one-nitrogen insertion into amide C-N and sulfonamide S-N bonds. Experimental and theoretical analyses based on density functional theory indicate that the formal amide insertion proceeds via a rhodium-coordinated ammonium ylide formed between the nitrene and the amide nitrogen, followed by acyl group transfer concomitant with C-N bond cleavage. Mechanistic studies have allowed rationalization of the origin of the chemoselectivity observed between the C-H and amide insertion reactions. The methodology presented herein is the first example of an insertion of nitrene into amide bonds and provides facile access to unique diazacyclic systems with an N-N bond linkage.
-Lactamases and their clinical significance (1982)

Journal Article β-Lactamases and their clinical significance Get access J. M. T. Hamilton-Miller J. M. T. Hamilton-Miller Department of Medical Microbiology, Royal Free Hospital (University of London)Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, England Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, Volume 9, Issue suppl_B, 1982, Pages 11–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/9.suppl_B.11 Published: 01 August 1982
Analytical representation of <i>g</i> factors for rapid, accurate calculation of excitation rates in the dayside thermosphere (1997)

An algorithm has been developed that rapidly and accurately calculates altitude profiles of volume excitation rates for many species of aeronomic interest. These rates may be specified as functions of solar activity (specific to the Hinteregger et al . [1981] model in this phase of the work) and solar zenith angle (SZA). The algorithm relies on an analytical expression for the g factor as a function of total vertical column density. The g factor for a given state and excitation process can be defined as the direct volume excitation rate for this process divided by the density of the species involved in the direct excitation. Modeling results from this work show that g , when expressed as a function of total vertical column density, is independent of model atmosphere within a small error illustrated in the text. The dependence within g then reduces to solar activity (characterized by F 10.7 ) and SZA. Extensive photoelectron transport calculations have been performed that provide numerical g factors for 22 excitation processes, 3 F 10.7 values (75, 150, and 250), and 8 solar zenith angles (0°, 45°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 85°, 87°, and 90°). The results have been fitted with a 10 coefficient analytical expression comprised of a function based on an analytical solution to a simplified photoelectron transport equation and two Gaussian functions needed for structure because of soft X ray energy deposition. The resulting coefficients are used to calculate g factors for user‐specified pairs of F 10.7 and SZA by two‐dimensional interpolation. By inputting a model atmosphere the corresponding volume excitation rates may also be specified. For photoionization excitation the analytic expression for the g factor is much simpler. Results presented herein include comparisons between numerical g factors and their fits, along with examples of both g factors and corresponding volume excitation rates for the purpose of showing the effects of changing solar activity and SZA. Tables are included that identify excitation processes, identify additional processes that must be considered to derive emission rates, and provide cross‐section information for the electron impact processes addressed in this work.
A Heparin-Mimicking Block Copolymer Both Stabilizes and Increases the Activity of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) (2016)

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) is a protein involved in cellular functions in applications such as wound healing and tissue regeneration. Stabilization of this protein is important for its use as a therapeutic since the native protein is unstable during storage and delivery. Additionally, the ability to increase the activity of FGF2 is important for its application, particularly in chronic wound healing and the treatment of various ischemic conditions. Here we report a heparin mimicking block copolymer, poly(styrenesulfonate-co-poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)-b-vinyl sulfonate) (p(SS-co-PEGMA)-b-VS, that contains a segment that enhances the stability of FGF2 and one that binds to the FGF2 receptor. The FGF2 conjugate retained activity after exposure to refrigeration (4 °C) and room temperature (23 °C) for 7 days, while unmodified FGF2 was inactive after these standard storage conditions. A cell study performed with a cell line lacking native heparan sulfate proteoglycans indicated that the conjugated block copolymer facilitated binding of FGF2 to its receptor similar to the addition of heparin to FGF2. A receptor-based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) confirmed the results. The conjugate also increased the migration of endothelial cells by 80% compared to FGF2 alone. Additionally, the FGF2-p(SS-co-PEGMA)-b-VS stimulated endothelial cell sprouting 250% better than FGF2 at low concentration. These data verify that this rationally designed protein-block copolymer conjugate enhances receptor binding, cellular processes such as migration and tube-like formation, and stability, and suggest that it may be useful for applications in biomaterials, tissue regeneration, and wound healing.
Electromagnetically induced magnetochiral anisotropy in resonant medium (2005)

Electromagnetically induced coherence can significantly increase optical response of atomic or molecular system. We demonstrate very large magneto-chiral anisotropy by applying resonant optical fields to atomic rubidium vapor.
Effect of Milk and Cream on the Thermal Inactivation of Human Poliomyelitis Virus (1952)

Effect of Milk and Cream on the Thermal Inactivation of Human Poliomyelitis Virus Albert S. Kaplan, and Joseph L. Melnick CopyRight*This study was aided by grants from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis and from an Anonymous Donor. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.42.5_Pt_1.525 Published Online: September 06, 2011
Analysis of lock times of PTP slave under varying network load conditions using class based queuing (2013)

Clock synchronization for professional video broadcasting imposes new requirements on the Precision Time Protocol which have not received much attention until now: Extremely short lock times of PTP slave nodes. This paper presents techniques for fast locking together with extensive measurements of lock time behavior in congested networks using different types and generations of network elements. Additionally, possible impacts of the hybrid PTP mode on offsets caused by asymmetry due to non PTP-aware network devices are analyzed.
Increasing radiosensitivity in the course of fractionated X irradiation: the effect of contact with dead and dying cells. (1998)

We have measured survival after successive 2-Gy doses of X rays in HeLa cells and 1-Gy doses in cells of the nonimmortalized human fibroblast cell line AG15-22 under conditions where any effect of cell proliferation during multifraction X irradiation has been factored out. When HeLa cells in parallel series of (pseudo)hybrid spheroids (i.e. in agglomerates consisting of a mixture of supralethally irradiated HeLa feeder and viable HeLa cells) were exposed to n daily radiation doses and then trypsinized and exposed to the last dose, the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF2) declined exponentially from 0.55 +/- 0.01 to 0.31 +/- 0.01 after the fifth fraction. In monolayer HeLa cell cultures, the decline in SF2 was smaller but significant and was not influenced by the presence of feeder cells. Pure spheroids, composed entirely of viable HeLa cells, showed the same decline in SF2 as did monolayer cells. The cumulative-effect curve (i.e. the product of SF2 values) was linear-quadratic with the quadratic term increasing in the order monolayer, pure spheroids, pseudohybrid spheroids. SF2n and D0Eff (deduced from the initial SF2) severely underestimated cumulative radiosensitivity. This cumulative effect is clearly associated with the proximity of lethally irradiated cells and might be explained by differential population shifts in the course of the multifraction regimen. Similarly, AG15-22 cells irradiated with daily 1-Gy doses of X rays showed a larger increase in radiosensitivity when in hybrid spheroids than when in pure spheroids. However, for the AG15-22 cells, SF1 was twofold lower for the former than for the latter condition and remained constant for both conditions rather than decreasing with increasing fraction number. This large radiosensitizing effect remains unexplained.
Identification of candidate biomarkers for quality assessment of hatchery‐reared mussel larvae via GC/MS‐based metabolomics (2015)

To ensure environmental and economic sustainability of future aquaculture growth, large‐scale hatchery production of mollusc larvae is required. However, variation in larval quality currently limits potential maximum yields. Identification of biomarkers which reflect the immediate physiological condition of larvae during hatchery production could help monitor and determine causes of variation. Metabolomics is well‐suited to this task due to its capacity for providing an instantaneous snapshot of the physiology of an organism through analysis of its metabolite profile. As a test, we applied GC/MS‐based metabolomics for this purpose. Using a variety of univariate and multivariate feature selection methods, we identified four metabolite–metabolite ratios involving levels of succinate, glycine, alanine, pyroglutamate and myristic acid as candidate biomarkers for assessing mussel larval quality. These metabolites are known to have roles in energy metabolism, osmotic regulation, immune function and cell–cell communication. We anticipate that further investigation of these metabolites and their associated biochemical pathways will yield a more complete understanding of the factors responsible for larval production variability.
Self-timed integrated-optical serial-to-parallel converter for 100 Gbit/s time demultiplexing (1994)

We describe a novel all-optical serial-to-parallel (S/P) converter using surface-emitted second harmonic generation (SHG). This passive self-timing integrated-optical device is designed to demultiplex optical signals at rates exceeding 100 Gb/s. The results of a proof-of-concept demonstration are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gastroesophageal Variceal Hemorrhage (2001)

Gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage, a major complication of portal hypertension resulting from cirrhosis, accounts for 10 to 30 percent of all cases of bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract.1 Variceal hemorrhage occurs in 25 to 35 percent of patients with cirrhosis and accounts for 80 to 90 percent of bleeding episodes in these patients.24 Variceal hemorrhage is associated with more substantial morbidity and mortality than other causes of gastrointestinal bleeding, as well as with higher hospital costs.57 Up to 30 percent of initial bleeding episodes are fatal, and as many as 70 percent of survivors have recurrent bleeding after . . .
PZT Nanofilm-Based Wafer Scale Nanoresonators (2015)

In this work, we present an unprecedented level of integration of piezoelectric actuation means on arrays of functional nanoresonators at the wafer scale. We use 150-nm thin lead titanate zirconate (PZT) as piezoelectric material mainly because of its excellent actuation properties even when geometrically constrained at extreme scale. This work paves promising ways for NEMS to be used in configurations where transduction capabilities are integrated at the nanodevice level providing effective fabrication process flow at the wafer-scale.
Differential replication of two porcine parvovirus strains in bovine cell lines ensues from initial DNA processing and NS1 expression (2013)

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a small DNA virus with restricted coding capacity. The 5 kb genome expresses three major non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2 and SAT), and two structural proteins (VP1 and VP2). These few viral proteins are pleiotropic and interact with cellular components throughout viral replication. In this regard, very few cell lines have been shown to replicate the virus efficiently. Cell lines were established from a primary culture of bovine cells that allowed allotropic variants of PPV to be distinguished. Three cell lines were differentially sensitive to infection by two prototype PPV strains, NADL-2 and Kresse. In the first cell line (D10), infection was restricted early in the infectious cycle and was not productive. Infection of the second cell line (G11) was 1000 times less efficient with the NADL-2 strain compared with porcine cells, while production of infectious virus of the Kresse strain was barely detectable. Restriction points in these cells were the initial generation of DNA replication intermediates and NS1 production. Infection with chimeras between NADL-2 and Kresse showed that residues outside the previously described allotropic determinant were also partially responsible for the restriction to Kresse replication in G11 cells. F4 cells were permissive to both strains, although genome replication and infectious virus production were lower than in the porcine cells used for comparison. These results highlight the dependent nature of parvovirus tropism on host factors and suggest that cells from a non-host origin can fully support a productive infection by both strains.
Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of angiogenesis research. (1993)

Certain principles of the angiogenic process elucidated in the laboratory over the past 3 decades have now been translated to clinical application. These applications are in the areas of prognosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, and acceleration of angiogenesis. As more experience is gained from these studies we may begin to see the development of therapies for many other angiogenic diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. It may be possible to increase the rate of neovascularization of a myocardial infarction and perhaps even to stimulate the growth of coronary collateral vessels. From these laboratory and clinical studies it has become clear that angiogenesis is a fundamental process that dominates diseases in many different branches of medicine and surgery. A clear understanding of the biological and molecular aspects of this process will be critical to the successful treatment of a wide spectrum of "angiogenic diseases" [53].
Pseudopolymorphism in the p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene—n-butylamine system: directing the structural motifs (2002)

p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene forms three compounds with n-butylamine, two weakly interacting guest-host compounds of 1:1 and 1:2 stoichiometry, as well as a hydrogen-bonded 3:1 compound containing some n-butylamine molecules not coordinated to the host.
Design rule for minimizing thermal resistance in a non~uniformly powered microprocessor (2006)

Microprocessors continue to grow in capabilities, complexity and performance. The current generation of microprocessors integrates functional components such as logic and level two (L2) cache memory into the microprocessor architecture. The functional integration of the microprocessor has resulted in better performance of the microprocessor as the clock speed and the instruction execution time has increased. However, the integration has introduced a layer of complexity to the thermal design and management of microprocessors. As a direct result of function integration, the power map on a microprocessor is highly non-uniform and the assumption of a uniform heat flux across the chip surface is not valid. Previous work (Kaisare, 2005) has been done to minimize the thermal resistance of the package by optimizing the distribution of the nonuniform powered functional blocks with a specific power matrix. The objective of this paper is to come up with a design rule in general for functional block distribution in a nonuniformly powered microarchitecture. In order to model the nonuniform power dissipation on the silicon chip, the chip surface area is divided into different cases such as 3 times 3, 4 times 4 etc. of power matrix with a matrix space representing a distinct functional block with a constant heat flux. Finally, using a FEM code, an optimization of the positioning of the functional blocks relative to each other was carried out in order to minimize the junction temperature Tj. The best possible Tjmax reduction could thus be found. In reality (and at a later date) constraints must be placed regarding the maximum separation of any 2 (or more) functional blocks to satisfy electrical timing and compute performance requirements A design rule for minimizing thermal resistance will be developed for any number of functional blocks for a given nonuniformly powered microprocessor. The commercial finite element code ANSYSreg is used for this analysis