gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of helicopter gearboxes using structure-based networks (1995)

A connectionist network is introduced for fault diagnosis of helicopter gearboxes that incorporates knowledge of the gearbox structure and characteristics of the vibration features as its fuzzy weights. Diagnosis is performed by propagating the abnormal features of vibration measurements through this Structure-Based Connectionist Network (SBCN), the outputs of which represent the fault possibility values for individual components of the gearbox. The performance of this network is evaluated by applying it to experimental vibration data from an OH-58A helicopter gearbox. The diagnostic results indicate that the network performance is comparable to those obtained from supervised pattern classification.
A New Fibrinolytic Enzyme (55 kDa) from <i>Allium tuberosum</i> : Purification, Characterization, and Comparison (2010)

Chives have been used both as food and as medicine. Previously, two fibrinolytic enzymes, ATFE-I (90 kDa) and ATFE-II (55 kDa), were identified in chives (Allium tuberosum), a perennial herb. In the present work, ATFE-II was purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. In addition, the enzyme properties of ATFE-I and ATFE-II were compared. The molecular mass and isoelectric point (pI value) of ATFE-II were 55 kDa and pI 4.0, respectively, as revealed using one- or two-dimensional fibrin zymography. ATFE-II was optimally active at pH 7.0 and 45°C. ATFE-II degraded the Aα-chain of human fibrinogen but did not hydrolyze the Bβ-chain or the γ-chain, indicating that the enzyme is an α-fibrinogenase. The proteolytic activity of ATFE-II was completely inhibited by 1 mM leupeptin, indicating that the enzyme belongs to the cysteine protease class. ATFE-II was also inhibited by 1 mM Fe²(+). ATFE-II exhibited high specificity for MeO-Suc-Arg-Pro-Tyr-p-nitroaniline (S-2586), a synthetic chromogenic substrate of chymotrypsin. Thus proteolytic enzymes from A. tuberosum may be useful as thrombolytic agents.
Self-Organized Metal-Polymer Nanocomposites (2003)

A new approach for obtaining matrix-stabilized nanosized particles of metals and their oxides (size less than 50 nm) which are synthesized in one stage by chemical reaction within a condensed phase are elaborated. Such processes are realized by (co)poly merization of metal- containing monomers which include a metal ion chemically bonded with an organic part of a molecule. The molecular and supramolecular organization of such nano-composites is formed in the course of controlled thermal conversion of metal-containing monomers in an inert or self- generating atmosphere. The main stages of this conversion are (a) dehydration, (b) thermal (co)polymerization including self propagation frontal polymerization, (c ) controlled pyrolysis of formed products. Variation of synthesis and pyrolysis conditions leads to formation both of nano- particles with given size and necessary particle size distri butions and of a stabilizing polymeric matrix with controlled composition and thickness.
Effect of PRL‐3 phosphatase knockout in cancer and angiogenesis (2011)

Phosphatase of regenerating liver–3 (PRL‐3 or Ptp4a3) is a small, prenylated, protein tyrosine phosphatase that is highly conserved throughout mammalian species. PRL‐3 is considered an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of metastatic cancer due to high expression levels frequently observed in malignant tumors, distant metastases, and the tumor endothelium. While the mechanistic properties of PRL‐3 are not well understood, the gene has been associated with the progression of multiple human cancer types and increased expression typically correlates with increased tumor invasiveness. Interestingly, our data suggests that increases in PRL‐3 expression can also occur early in a carcinogen‐derived mouse model of colorectal cancer, potentially contributing to primary tumor development. In order to shed light on its function in normal and malignant cells, we have created a novel gene‐targeted mouse model to knockout the PRL‐3 gene product. Importantly, mice that do not express functional PRL‐3 are viable, fertile, and overtly normal. PRL‐3 knockout mice exhibit less angiogenic responses and vascular cell invasion compared to wildtype control mice. These experiments indicate that PRL‐3 likely has unique in vivo functions and may be an effective target for the treatment of malignant disease.
Reactions of t-Butyl Hypochlorite with Vegetable Oils and their Derivatives. VI. Dechlorination of Methyl Alkoxychlorostearates with Alkali<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of t-Butyl Hypochlorite with Vegetable Oils and their Derivatives. VI. Dechlorination of Methyl Alkoxychlorostearates with Alkali1Lyle E. Gast, Dolores R. Zilch, Lyle C. Woods, and Howard M. TeeterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 24, 6280–6281Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01144a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01144a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study of spontaneous infectious diseases of primates: Contributions of the regional primate research centers program to conservation and new scientific opportunities (1994)

Careful investigation of spontaneous diseases of nonhuman primates is critical to maintaining the health of captive breeding colonies and, therefore, conservation. Without an understanding of those infectious agents to which nonhuman primates are susceptible and their sources, all colonies are at risk of catastrophic illness. Such studies also regularly generate new opportunities for improved studies of the causes and nature of diseases of human beings. Inquiries into an epizootic in owl monkeys (Aotus trivirgatus) led to the identification of fatal herpes virus infections transmitted by squirrel monkeys (Herpesvirus T) and human beings (H. simplex), and to mechanisms for their prevention. This also paved the way for the discovery of a new virus, H. saimiri, which has provided a unique opportunity to study mechanisms of viral oncogenesis. Research on spontaneous immunodeficiency disease of macaques led to uncovering a new group of viral diseases (type D retrovirus) of major importance to colony health, and subsequently to the identification of another new virus (simian immunodeficiency virus) which has provided an exquisite system in which to investigate AIDS of human beings. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Explanation for the Emergence of a Single Chiral Solid State during Attrition-Enhanced Ostwald Ripening: Survival of the Fittest (2008)

The overabundant occurrence of single-handed chiral molecules in living systems has inspired scientists for well more than a century. A route to the evolution of a single chiral solid phase, using abrasive grinding of the crystals in contact with a saturated solution, has been demonstrated for the achiral compound NaClO3 crystallizing in a chiral space group and, recently, for an intrinsically chiral amino acid derivative. In order to obtain insight in the complex processes involved in these experiments, we developed a computer model that is based only on attrition and Ostwald ripening. We find that, besides the relative rates of attrition and Ostwald ripening, the racemization efficiency in the solution is an essential parameter in the deracemization process. For high efficiency the evolution to single chirality is stochastic, whereas for lower values the process becomes increasingly deterministic and the handedness of the single chiral solid end state is readily controllable. The results show excellent agreement with experimental data and allow a further optimization of this promising deracemization technique.
Dynamic double layer effects on ac-induced dipoles of dielectric nanocolloids (2010)

Normal and tangential surface ionic currents around low-permittivity nanocolloids with surface charges are shown to produce three different conductive mechanisms for ac-induced dipoles, all involving dynamic space charge accumulation at the double layerbulk interface with a conductivity jump. However, the distinct capacitor dimensions and diffusive contributions produce three disparate crossover frequencies at which the induced dipole reverses direction relative to the bulk field. A highly conducting collapsed diffuse layer, with bulk ion mobility, renders the particle conductive and produces an ionic strength independent crossover frequency for weak electrolytes. A precipitous drop in crossover frequency occurs at high ionic strengths when charging occurs only at the poles through field focusing around the insulated colloid. A peculiar maximum in crossover frequency exists between these two asymptotes for colloids smaller than a critical size when normal charging of the diffuse layer occurs over the entire surface. The crossover frequency data for latex nanocolloids of various sizes in different electrolytes of wide ranging ionic strengths are collapsed by explicit theoretical predictions without empirical parameters.
Privacy preserving identification using sparse approximation with ambiguization (2017)

In this paper, we consider a privacy preserving encoding framework for identification applications covering biometrics, physical object security and the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed framework is based on a sparsifying transform, which consists of a trained linear map, an element-wise nonlinearity, and privacy amplification. The sparsifying transform and privacy amplification are not symmetric for the data owner and data user. We demonstrate that the proposed approach is closely related to sparse ternary codes (STC), a recent information-theoretic concept proposed for fast approximate nearest neighbor (ANN) search in high dimensional feature spaces that being machine learning in nature also offers significant benefits in comparison to sparse approximation and binary embedding approaches. We demonstrate that the privacy of the database outsourced to a server as well as the privacy of the data user are preserved at a low computational cost, storage and communication burdens.
Structural Change in Some Solutions Having Structural Viscosity (1954)

Abstract The structural viscosity of V2O5 sol is measured by Ostwald’s overflow viscometer. A linear relation is found between the relative viscosity (η/ηω) and the reciprocal of flow amount (1/Q). Viscosity of Newtonian flow ηn and yield value P0 are calculated from it. ηn and P0 is nearly linearly varied with concentration. A decisive conclusion however, cannot be obtained owing to the slip of liquid on the capillary wall. Hg-SS (Hg-sulfosalicylate) sol also showed a linear relation between η/ηω and 1/Q. By the irradiation of ultrasonic wave, ηn and P0 decreases. ηn again increases after about 10 min., but the recovery of P0 took more time. A clear conclusion cannot be obtained due to the slip. Electron micrographs showed that Hg-SS has a net-work structure, which is broken by shaking or by the irradiation of ultrasonic wave. When it is kept standing, the net-work is again constructed. V2O5 sol showed analogous structural changes.
Oxidation‐Reduction Condensation (1976)

Abstract This review is concerned with syntheses which can be carried out in the absence of acids and bases. In the case of condensations, i.e. the union of two or more reaction partners with elimination of simple molecules such as H 2 O or NH 3 , the combination of a weak oxidizing agent with a weak reducing agent has proven useful. A particularly suitable reagent for condensations with elimination of water is triphenylphosphane/di(2‐pyridyl)disulfane. The phosphane takes up the oxygen atom and is converted into the phosphane oxide, while the disulfane reacts with the two hydrogen atoms to form pyridinethione. Oxidation‐reduction condensations have been utilized for the preparation of, inter alia , esters, peptides, nucleotides, and macrolides.
Syn-sedimentary shear zones (2003)

In deltaic and turbiditic deposits along passive margins, such as the Lower Congo basin on the West African margin, the main deformation is not induced by a regional tectonic stress field but by the increase of the sedimentary load leading to gravitational instabilities. The local stress field in such an environment is drastically influenced by the lithological discontinuities, which can reorientate the principal stresses induced by sedimentary loading. In this paper we document the localization of particular faults, called sedimentary shear zones (SSZ); these are formed along the borders of a sandy channel embedded in more fine-grained sediments, as a function of the lithological contrast. Furthermore we describe the reorientation of the stress field, perpendicular to the channel borders in the channel interior. Examples from 3D seismic lines and field studies in SW Ireland and Tunisia are compared with results from analogue and geomechanical models, leading to an integrated interpretation for the formation of the SSZ.
Characterisation and comparison of corrosion products originated in steel pipelines transporting sour gas and crude oil (2016)

In this work, X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy techniques were used to characterise and carry out a comparison of the corrosion products obtained during the pigging activities in two sour-hydrocarbon-transporting pipelines located in the Gulf of Mexico: the first one being a gas pipeline and the other one a crude oil pipeline. The results indicate that for these specific conditions, there are differences between the corrosion products formed in each pipeline. Iron sulphides and oxides were the main corrosion products and their presence is directly related to the operating conditions prevailing in the pipelines as well as to the hydrocarbon quality. As for the sour gas pipeline, higher concentrations of greigite and pyrite were observed, whereas more proportions of magnetite, mackinawite and marcasite were found in the sour crude oil pipeline. The most important parameters in the formation of the different types of corrosion products are the water content, hydrogen sulphide concentration and oxygen presence in the system.
The molecular basis for apoptotic defects in patients with CD95 (Fas/Apo-1) mutations (1999)

Figure 4 Defective protein-protein interactions of ICD CD95 mutant alleles. (a) ICD CD95 mutant alleles fail to recruit FADD to the CD95 death domain. 293T cells were cotransfected with pCDNA3 expression vectors for WT or mutant CD95 and Flag-FADD in pFlag-CMV-2. Transfected cells were lysed and subjected to IP-Western blot using the antibodies indicated in the figure. The trace signals of WT CD95 in lanes P1, P5, and P10 are due to slight spillover from adjacent lanes and were not seen when these mutants were run separately. (b) The dominant-negative action of ICD mutant CD95 is dose-dependent. 293T cells were transiently cotransfected with expression vectors for Flag-FADD and WT or P10 mutant CD95. Transfections were carried out using constant amounts of total DNA (4 g) using the pCDNA vector DNA, WT CD95 (0.5 g) and Flag-FADD (0.5 g) DNA, but the amount of DNA for the ICD mutant P10, was increased between experiments (lanes 4-6; + [0.5 g] to +++ [1.5 g]). The total amount of DNA transfected was kept constant. Transfected cells were lysed and analyzed by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting using the antibodies indicated. IP, immunoprecipitation.
Front Matter: Volume 6851 (2008)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6851, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, and the Conference Committee listing.© (2008) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Posterior chamber volume does not change significantly during dilation (2009)

The volume of the posterior chamber does not change significantly during dilation.
Intercomparison of models representing direct shortwave radiative forcing by sulfate aerosols (1998)

The importance of aerosols as agents of climate change has recently been highlighted. However, the magnitude of aerosol forcing by scattering of shortwave radiation (direct forcing) is still very uncertain even for the relatively well characterized sulfate aerosol. A potential source of uncertainty is in the model representation of aerosol optical properties and aerosol influences on radiative transfer in the atmosphere. Although radiative transfer methods and codes have been compared in the past, these comparisons have not focused on aerosol forcing (change in net radiative flux at the top of the atmosphere). Here we report results of a project involving 12 groups using 15 models to examine radiative forcing by sulfate aerosol for a wide range of values of particle radius, aerosol optical depth, surface albedo, and solar zenith angle. Among the models that were employed were high and low spectral resolution models incorporating a variety of radiative transfer approximations as well as a line‐by‐line model. The normalized forcings (forcing per sulfate column burden) obtained with the several radiative transfer models were examined, and the discrepancies were characterized. All models simulate forcings of comparable amplitude and exhibit a similar dependence on input parameters. As expected for a non‐light‐absorbing aerosol, forcings were negative (cooling influence) except at high surface albedo combined with small solar zenith angle. The relative standard deviation of the zenith‐angle‐averaged normalized broadband forcing for 15 models was 8% for particle radius near the maximum in this forcing (∼0.2 μm) and at low surface albedo. Somewhat greater model‐to‐model discrepancies were exhibited at specific solar zenith angles. Still greater discrepancies were exhibited at small particle radii, and much greater discrepancies were exhibited at high surface albedos, at which the forcing changes sign; in these situations, however, the normalized forcing is quite small. Discrepancies among the models arise from inaccuracies in Mie calculations, differing treatment of the angular scattering phase function, differing wavelength and angular resolution, and differing treatment of multiple scattering. These results imply the need for standardized radiative transfer methods tailored to the direct aerosol forcing problem. However, the relatively small spread in these results suggests that the uncertainty in forcing arising from the treatment of radiative forcing of a well‐characterized aerosol at well‐specified surface albedo is smaller than some of the other sources of uncertainty in estimates of direct forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols and anthropogenic aerosols generally.
Evidence of a defect in insulin-receptor recycling in adipocytes from older rats (1988)

Although insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is known to be decreased in adipocytes isolated from old obese rats, the cause of this defect is not totally understood. In the present study, we examined the possibility that insulin resistance is associated with defects in the intracellular processing of the insulin-receptor complex. Adipocytes were isolated from control (2-mo-old rats) and obese, insulin-resistant rats (12-mo-old rats), and the following measurements were made: 1) insulin-stimulated glucose uptake; 2) insulin binding; 3) insulin-receptor internalization and recycling; 4) accumulation of insulin within the cell; and 5) rate of loss of insulin from the cell. The results indicated that maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was significantly reduced in adipocytes from obese, insulin-resistant rats (increase over basal value was 500 +/- 53% in obese rats and 1,200 +/- 96 in control rats, P less than 0.01). 125I-insulin (A14) binding (cell-associated radioactivity) and the internalization of the hormone-receptor complex were not different in the two groups of animals studied. In contrast, insulin-receptor recycling was significantly decreased in adipocytes from obese rats (72.0 +/- 6.1 vs. 93.6 +/- 2.6%, P less than 0.01). In addition, loss of intracellular radioactivity was significantly prolonged in insulin-resistant rats (t1/2 = 12.05 +/- 0.9 vs. 9.4 +/- 0.3 min, P less than 0.05). Thus adipocytes isolated from the older rats were resistant to the insulin effect on glucose uptake, and this defect was not associated with a reduction in insulin binding. However, there was a decrease in insulin receptor recycling, and this phenomenon may be related to the insulin resistance present in these cells.
Value of Urine and Serum Hydroxyproline in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease (1965)

The excretion of free and total hydroxyproline in the urine and the concentration of free hydroxyproline in the serum were determined in 32 patients with hyperthyroidism, in 10 patients with hypothyroidism and in 32 control subjects. All 3 hydroxyproline values were increased in hyperthyroidism and decreased in hypothyroidism, but the values for urinary free hydroxyproline showed a considerably greater overlap with the controls than the other 2 values. The excretion of total hydroxyproline was within the range of the values of the control subjects in none of the patients with hypothyroidism and in only 2 very mild cases with hyperthyroidism, in both of whom this value was right at the upper limit of the range of the control values. A statistically highly significant correlation was found between the values for urinary total hydroxyproline and serum protein-bound iodine. Therapy was accompanied by a rapid normalization of the hydroxyproline values. It is suggested that the determination of urinary total hydroxyproline might be of value in the diagnosis of hyper and hypothyroidism, and in the control of the therapy of these diseases.
Deeply Bound<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">s</mml:mi></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">p</mml:mi></mml:math>Pionic States in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>205</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:math>and Determination of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">s</mml:mi></mml:math>-Wave Part of the Pion-Nucleus Interaction (2002)

We observed well-separated 1s and 2p pi(-) states in 205Pb in the 206Pb(d,3He) reaction at T(d) = 604.3 MeV. The binding energies and the widths determined are B(1s) = 6.762+/-0.061 MeV, Gamma(1s) = 0.764(+0.154)(-0.171) MeV, B(2p) = 5.110+/-0.045 MeV, and Gamma(2p) = 0.321(-0.062)(+0.060) MeV. They are used to deduce the real and imaginary strengths of the s-wave part of the pion-nucleus interaction, which translates into a positive mass shift of pi(-) in 205Pb.