gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Backhaul Links in LTE - A Mobile Relay System for High-Speed Railways (2016)

Serving hundreds of User Equipments onboard of a high-speed train is a very big challenge in terms of resources and mobility management. In addition to the high penetration loss, direct connection between the Evolved Node B and fast User Equipment leads to increased handoff failure rate, and increased power consumption of Vehicular User Equipments. Moreover, sufficient bandwidth may not be gotten from only one Macro Evolved Node B to cover the required throughput of the large-number of diverse-operators User Equipments. Mobile Relay mechanism has been introduced in Release 12 of LTE-Advanced system to be one of the most significant solutions to solve some of these issues. Usually, Mobile Relays are installed on the roof of the train and act as small nodes. In our work, we are considering using the Carrier Aggregation scheme to provide the sufficient bandwidth through a dual-backhaul connection with two Macro base stations. The proposed work makes the group Handoff more seamless as well as improves the user throughput. Simulation results show better performance in terms of system throughput, blocking probability, and packet loss.
1. First View of Problems and Methods (1997)

Our path begins with the investigation of two well-studied problems of discrete optimization, the long-common-subsequence problem and the longest-increasing-subsequence problem. These problems are easily explained, and they offer a concrete basis for the illustration the remarkable effectiveness of subadditive methods and martingale inequalities. Our study of the increasing-subsequence problem also provides a vehicle for discussion of the trickier “flipping method,” which can be applied in many combinatorial investigations. Finally, we give a systematic treatment of some more refined results on subadditive sequences.
Changing Role Between State and Federal Agencies (1988)

The paper discusses the title subject from the perspective of someone working in a state agency. The federal agencies discussed include the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Bureau of Reclamation, Geological Survey, and Fish and Wildlife Service.
Pachypteris Haburensis n.sp. and other plant fossils from the Pariwar Formation (1982)

Fossil plant remains collected from the Pariwar Formation, exposed about 1 km east of Habur Village, are described here. The floral assemblage at Habur is dominated by a new species of Pachypteris (P. haburensis). Besides, the assemblage comprises a fertile species of Gleichenia, Pachypteris sp., Taeniopteris spatulata McClelland, Ginkgo sp., Elatocladus tenerrima (Feistmantel) Sahni, Pagiophyllum spp., Araucarites sp. cf. A. cutchensis Feistmantel, Coniferocaulon rajmahalense Gupta and a ‘flower-like organ.
EXPRESSION VARIETY OF CHOLINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE IN DIFFERENT BRAIN SECTIONS IN RATS WITH OVARIECTOMY (2006)

Objective To observe the changes of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in different brain sections of rats after ovariectomy. Methods Fourteen Wistar rats were divided into two groups: model group(rats with ovariectomy),and control group(no ovaries removed).The brain tissues were taken Out and immunoreactive cells of ChAT were observed by using immunohistochemical technique in CA1 section of hippocampi, cortex section, nucleus amygdalae section and nucleus of Meynert. The amount of immunoreactive cells of ChAT was compared in different areas between the two groups. Results The immunoreactive cells of ChAT remarkably decreased in hippocampus CA1, cerebral Cortex, nucleus amygdalae and Meynert nucleus of the brain in the model group than in the control group(t=5.15-16.48,P＜0.01). Conclusion The reduction of estrogen in the body can cause the reduction of ChAT in some brain sections, and this pathological variation may be related to the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment.
Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links (1990)

Compressing TCP/IP Headers for Low-Speed Serial Links
Lingual Kinematics in Dysarthric and Nondysarthric Speakers with Parkinson's Disease (2011)

Articulatory dysfunction is recognised as a major contributor to the speech disturbances seen in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study aimed to compare lingual kinematics during consonant production within a sentence in eight dysarthric (DPD) and seven nondysarthric (NDPD) speakers with PD with those of eleven nonneurologically impaired normal participants. The tongue tip and tongue back movements of the participants during sentence production were recorded using electromagnetic articulography (EMA). Results showed that both the DPD and NDPD had deviant articulatory movement during consonant production that resulted in longer duration of consonant production. When compared with the NDPD group, the DPD group primarily exhibited increased range of lingual movement and compatible duration of production with an accompanying increase in maximum velocity, maximum acceleration, and maximum deceleration. These findings are contrary to proposed theories that suggest articulatory imprecision in dysarthric speakers with PD is the outcome of reduced range of articulatory movement.
Ability, Moral Hazard, Firm Size, and Diversification (1988)

agency problem between the firm's managers and owners. The agency relationship, together with a span-of-control managerial technology, determines an optimalfirm size and degree of diversification that are increasing in the manager's ability and therefore positively correlated cross sectionally. I compare the benefits of merger with those achieved by using compensation contracts based on relative performance and show that, for a particular parameterization, the relative value of merger is a nonmonotonic function of the correlation between the productivity signals of the two firms. * Neoclassical microeconomic theory has generally treated the firm as being identical to a technologically determined production function. Nevertheless, it is widely recognized that this cost-curve approach is more appropriately applied to plants within a firm than to the determination of firm size or structure itself. One aspect of firm structure that has received especially little attention in the economic literature is diversification.' In particular, the literature has not succeeded in distinguishing the benefits of efficiently using capital in production from the benefits to common ownership of the capital. If joint use of capital creates efficiencies in the production of two or more goods, the joint use could in principle be achieved by contracting over the use of the separately owned factors. This ownership structure does not preclude the efficient use of factors. Further, even if technological scope economies create incentives to diversify, they cannot explain all diversification, because much that we observe is between products that are (apparently) unrelated in production technology or demand. The purpose of this article is to analyze the incentives of firms to diversify in an economy comprising managers and capital owners whose interests do not necessarily coincide and in which information is generally not perfect. I derive the implications of the principalagent relationship between owners and managers of firms for the optimal structure of the firm in a competitive environment. Diversification is shown to be an optimal response to
A family of nonparametric statistics for comparing diagnostic markers with paired or unpaired data (1989)

In this paper we study a broad class of nonparametric statistics for comparing two diagnostic markers. One can compare the sensitivities of these diagnostic markers over restricted ranges of specificity by selecting an appropriate statistic from this class. As special cases, one can compare the entire area under the receiver-operator curve (Hanley & McNeil, 1982), or one can compare the sensitivities at a fixed common specificity. Usually we would recommend a comparison based on an average of sensitivities over a restricted high level of specificities. Test procedures and confidence intervals are based on asymptotic normality. These procedures are applicable for paired data, in which both diagnostic markers are performed on each subject, and for unpaired data. The procedures may be used to compare two real functions of multiple diagnostic markers as well as to compare individual markers.
Cost-effectiveness of malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa [letter] (1999)

This paper presents the analysis of C.A. Goodman and colleagues on the cost-effectiveness of interventions in lowering the burden of malaria in Sub-Saharan Africa. The resurgence of malaria in many African countries is caused by the lack of environmental health services poorly planned and managed dams and irrigation projects and the absence of cross-border eradication efforts. The collapse of services for water sanitation and waste control resulted in the return of malaria to periurban areas in Africa which were previously malaria-free zones. Therefore the need to consider the cost-effectiveness of sustainable interventions such as improvements in infrastructure the provisions of safe water and waste removal services and better living conditions should be visualized.
Studies on the causative agent of an epizootic amongst Manx shearwaters (<i>Puffinus P. Puffinus</i>) (1953)

Evidence for the isolation of a virus from this epizootic disease of shearwaters is based upon the reproduction of a similar condition in ducklings and pigeons and upon the development of characteristic histological changes with cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in inoculated chorio-allantoic membranes of chick embryos.It was not possible to reproduce the original disease exactly by inoculation of shearwaters with egg-passage virus from the previous season because the birds did not develop blisters at the site of inoculation of the web. Nevertheless, three out of four birds died and the agent was re-isolated from the spleen of one of them.The ability of the virus to cause blisters on duckling webs was neutralized by shearwater serum taken at the convalescent but not at the acute stage of the disease, and complement fixation was obtained with convalescent shearwater serum. Previous studies on natural virus infections of birds have been mainly limited to psittacosis and ornithosis, the pox viruses, Newcastle disease virus and some of the neurotropic viruses. However, the failure to infect mice by any route, and the ability of the shearwater virus to pass through filters with an A.P.D. of 48 mμ, seemed to rule out the psittacosis group as a cause of the infection. The ability of the virus to cause vesicles and the intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies suggested a member of the pox group of viruses, but the small size of the agent renders a relation to either the pox group or Newcastle disease virus unlikely. Several of the neurotropic viruses which infect birds, for example, Japanese B virus, are about the size of the shearwater virus, but they do not cause the formation of inclusion bodies and they are all pathogenic for mice. Foot and mouth disease virus is also of small size and produces vesicular lesions, but it is unlikely that the shearwater virus is the same since it was unable to infect a cow or the pad of a guinea-pig, and it grew in eggs more readily than foot and mouth disease virus. There has obviously been insufficient work on the agent to postulate a new virus, but the properties described do not justify its classification in any of the known virus groups. The name puffinosis which was originally suggested still seems suitable for this disease of Puffinus puffinus puffinus .
<i>PHANTASTICA</i> Regulates Development of the Adaxial Mesophyll in Nicotiana Leaves (2004)

Initiation and growth of leaf blades is oriented by an adaxial/abaxial axis aligned with the original axis of polarity in the leaf primordium. To investigate mechanisms regulating this process, we cloned the Nicotiana tabacum ortholog of PHANTASTICA (NTPHAN) and generated a series of antisense transgenics in N. sylvestris. We show that NSPHAN is expressed throughout emerging blade primordia in the wild type and becomes localized to the middle mesophyll in the expanding lamina. Antisense NSPHAN leaves show ectopic expression of NTH20, a class I KNOX gene. Juvenile transgenic leaves have normal adaxial/abaxial polarity and generate leaf blades in the normal position, but the adaxial mesophyll shows disorganized patterns of cell division, delayed maturation of palisade, and ectopic reinitiation of blade primordia along the midrib. Reversal of the phenotype with exogenous gibberellic acid suggests that NSPHAN, acting via KNOX repression, maintains determinacy in the expanding lamina and sustains the patterns of cell proliferation critical to palisade development.
Intermodulation harvesting rectifier design for high efficiency multi-sine wireless power transfer (2016)

This paper presents an intermodulation harvesting rectifier design for multi-sine wireless power transfer (WPT). It provides a practical solution to reduce the output ripple in multi-sine WPT as well as a substantial efficiency improvement. The mechanism analysis of multi-sine WPT is presented and the Intermodulation harvesting rectifier circuit is accordingly designed to improve power transmission performance. Measured results show that the multi-sine WPT with the proposed rectifier could achieve both a 10% efficiency improvement from traditional WPT systems and a stable DC output with less ripple. It provides a good reference when designing a stable high efficiency WPT system.
Analysis of Corynebacterium glutamicum methionine biosynthetic pathway: isolation and analysis of metB encoding cystathionine gamma-synthase. (1999)

The metB gene encoding cystathionine y-synthase, the second enzyme of methionine biosynthetic pathway, was isolated from a pSL109-based Corynebacterium glutamicum gene library via complementation of an Escherichia coli metB mutant. A DNA-sequence analysis of the cloned DNA identified an open-reading frame of 1161 bp which encodes a protein with the molecular weight of 41,655 comprising of 386 amino acids. The putative protein product showed good amino acid-sequence homology to its counterpart in other organisms. Introduction of a plasmid carrying the cloned metB into the C. glutamicum resulted in a 10-fold increase in cystathionine gamma-synthase activities, demonstrating the identity of the cloned gene. The C. glutamicum metB mutant which was generated by the site-specific integration of the cloned DNA into its chromosome did not lose the ability to grow on glucose minimal medium lacking supplemental methionine. The growth rate of the mutant strain was also comparable to that of the parental strain. These data indicate that, in addition to the transsulfuration pathway, other methionine biosynthetic pathways may be present in C. glutamicum.
A highly ordered ring of membrane-associated filaments in budding yeast. (1976)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a highly ordered ring of 10-nm filaments is intimately associated with the plasma membrane within the neck of the bud. The ring is formed during early bud emergence and disappears when cytokinesis begins.
A New Laboratory Kit for Anti-gliadin IgA at Diagnosis and Follow-up of Childhood Celiac Disease (1990)

A new laboratory kit measuring anti-gliadin IgA level by enzyme immunoassay has been evaluated to assess the test's potential for screening children with suspected celiac disease for small intestinal biopsy and predicting mucosal relapse after gluten challenge. One hundred thirty children were tested, and the results were related to the histopathologic findings of the intestinal mucosa and the final diagnosis. The sensitivity of the test was 97% and the specificity was 92% in the studied population. Forty-five children with celiac disease on different diets were observed. All had reduced anti-gliadin IgA levels on a gluten-free diet, and 91% had normal levels after 1 year. Two of four patients with increased values had an insufficient diet. During gluten challenge, 38 of 45 children showed increased anti-gliadin IgA levels. Of the remaining seven, five reacted either with immediate and strong symptoms or had spontaneously reduced gluten intake, or had an acquired IgA deficiency. In two cases, there was no explanation. In five children without relapse on gluten challenge, the anti-gliadin IgA level remained normal. Provided that IgA deficiency is ruled out and the gluten intake is sufficient, the test is reliable for screening and has a potential to replace the third biopsy.
Proximity of Terms, Texts and Semantic Vectors in Information Retrieval (2017)

Information Retrieval (IR) is finding content of an unstructured nature with respect to an information need. A retrieval system typically uses a retrieval model to rank the available content by their estimated relevance to an information need. For decades, state-of-the-art retrieval models have used the assumption that terms appear independently in text documents. Chapter 1 of this thesis describes how the relevance likelihood of a document changes by the observed distance between co-occurring query terms in its text.<br/>Nowadays, news is abundantly available online, allowing users to discover and follow news events. However, online news is often very redundant; most sources basing their stories on previously published works and add only limited new information. Thus, a user often ends up spending significant amount of effort re-reading the same parts of a story before finding relevant and novel information. In Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, we present a novel approach to construct an online news summary for a given topic. Salient sentences are identified by clustering the sentences in the news stream based on the relative proximity of the sentences and the temporal proximity of their publication times. To improve the coherence of a long summary that describes a news topic, we propose to automatically cluster sentences by subtopics in Chapter 4. In Chapter 5, we show how new topics can be detected in the news stream using the same clustering technique.<br/>In real-life decision making, people are often faced with an overload of choices. A recommender system aids the user by reducing the available choices to a shortlist of items that are of interest to the user. In Chapter 6, we learn high-dimensional representations for movies that allow to effectively recommend movies based on a user’s most recently rated movies.
Formation of highly luminescent cesium bismuth halide perovskite quantum dots tuned by anion exchange (2018)

Cs3Bi2Br9 quantum dots (QDs) with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of up to 22% were prepared through the steady binding of octylammonium bromide and oleic acid. Excellent thermal stability and good luminescence properties have been achieved as intrinsic features of the inorganic halide perovskites, as well as the effective passivation of surface trap-states.
Contextual and Variational Contrast Enhancement (2011)

This paper proposes an algorithm that enhances the contrast of an input image using interpixel contextual information. The algorithm uses a 2-D histogram of the input image constructed using a mutual relationship between each pixel and its neighboring pixels. A smooth 2-D target histogram is obtained by minimizing the sum of Frobenius norms of the differences from the input histogram and the uniformly distributed histogram. The enhancement is achieved by mapping the diagonal elements of the input histogram to the diagonal elements of the target histogram. Experimental results show that the algorithm produces better or comparable enhanced images than four state-of-the-art algorithms.
A Systematic Review of the Cost-Effectiveness of Biologics for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2015)

With a threshold of 35,000 €/Quality-Adjusted Life Year, biologics seem to be cost-effective for the induction treatment of active and severe inflammatory bowel disease. Between biologics, the cost-effectiveness remains unclear.
Revolution, Recession, and the Rights of Property-Owners (1993)

Abstract This chapter examines the impact of the French Revolution and the recession on property ownership rights in France. It suggests that throughout the Revolution and the regime of the French Empire, small property and coal mine owners fought a successful rearguard action against the encroachment of the State and monopoly capitalism. They were aided by the political and administrative revolution which handed effective power into the hand of town and village sites and by the persistence of proto-industrialized forms of production.
Optimum networks for simultaneous multiple beam antennas (1992)

The design of passive microwave circuits for the formation of simultaneous multiple beams with arbitrary but specified shapes is considered. The maximum possible efficiency is derived from energy conservation and is determined from a Hermitian matrix whose elements are the correlation coefficients between all beam pairs. The eigenfunctions of the correlation matrix are the basis of a synthesis procedure for a practical network that will achieve the maximum efficiency. Several practical examples are given where unavoidable losses are typically 1 dB or more.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of IgA1 O-Glycans in IgA Nephropathy by Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (1999)

Abnormal O-glycosylation of IgA1 may contribute to pathogenic mechanisms in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Observations of altered lectin binding to IgA1 in IgAN suggest that the O-glycan chains may be undergalactosylated, but precise structural definition of the defect has proved technically difficult, and it remains unconfirmed. This is the first study using fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) to analyze IgA1 O-glycans in IgAN and controls. IgA1 was purified from serum, and the intact O-glycans were released by hydrazinolysis at 60 degrees C. After re-N-acetylation, the glycans were fluorophore-labeled and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sequential exoglycosidase digestions of IgA1 allowed identification of the different O-glycan bands on FACE gels, and their relative frequencies in IgA1 samples were measured by ultraviolet densitometry. Lectin binding of the IgA1 samples was also measured. In some patients with IgAN, FACE analysis demonstrated a significant increase in the percentage of IgA1 O-glycan chains consisting of single N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc) units rather than the more usual galactosylated and sialylated forms. This finding was confirmed using both desialylated IgA1 and enzymatically released O-glycans. Good correlation was also found between O-glycan agalactosylation on FACE analysis and IgA1 lectin binding in IgAN, supporting the value of lectins as tools for detection of this abnormality. This is the first study in which all of the predicted O-glycan forms of IgA1 have been analyzed simultaneously, and demonstrates that in IgAN, the IgA1 Oglycan chains are truncated, with increased terminal GalNAc. This abnormality has the potential to significantly affect IgA1 behavior and handling with pathogenic consequences in IgAN.