gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of oxaliplatin in the treatment of colorectal cancer. (2000)

Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. The mainstay of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients for the past 40 years has been fluorouracil (5-FU). Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin) is a novel platinum compound with promising activity in colorectal cancer. As a single agent, oxaliplatin has produced response rates of 12% to 24% in patients with previously untreated advanced colorectal cancer, and 10% to 11% in patients with relapsed or refractory advanced colorectal cancer. In phase II trials, oxaliplatin combined with 5-FU, with or without leucovorin, was associated with response rates of 60% and higher when used as front-line therapy, and when used in patients with relapsed or refractory advanced colorectal cancer, response rates ranged from 25% to 50%. In the front-line setting, two randomized trials of 5-FU and leucovorin, with or without oxaliplatin, demonstrated that the addition of oxaliplatin significantly increases response rate and time to tumor progression, but not survival, over 5-FU plus leucovorin alone. The reasons for this discrepancy are unclear, and several possibilities are being considered. Additional phase III trials are underway to clarify the contribution of oxaliplatin in the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic colorectal cancer.
[Familial transmission of hepatitis C virus]. (1995)

We conclude that the prevalence of serum anti-HCV antibodies, assessed with second generation tests, in sexual partners of patients with chronic hepatitis C, is lower than previously reported with first generation anti-HCV tests but higher than in the general population (3.2% vs approximately equal to 1%). Serum anti-HCV antibodies were very rarely detected in children from patients with chronic hepatitis C.
The Head-of-Line Blocking Problem on Exposed Terminals in MANETs (2006)

and the exposed terminal problems affect the throughput of the Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols. Several MAC schemes have been proposed to solve these problems by allowing the exposed terminals to send their packets concurrent with the on-going transmission. Due to their locations, the exposed terminals are likely to have data packets for neighbors that are temporarily unavailable to receive. This leads to the socalled head-of-line (HOL) blocking problem. In this work, we propose the Exposed Terminal Scheduling (ETS) technique to solve the problem. In the ETS scheme, all nodes collect the local topology and transmission information to make sure that they will not send to those temporarily unavailable nodes. The ETS Shuffle (ETSS) scheme is proposed to mitigate the problem when such local topology and transmission information are unavailable. Simulation results are presented to support the claimed benefits of the proposed techniques. I.
Tau protein immunoreactivity in dementia of the Alzheimer type: II. Electron microscopy and pathogenetic implications. Effects of fixation on the morphology of the Alzheimer's abnormal filaments. (1989)

I have used Tau-1 and Tau-2, two monoclonal antibodies against tau protein, to study at the electron microscopic level the tau immunoreactivity in 8 cases with dementia of the Alzheimer type, using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique and formalin-fixed autopsy and biopsy brain tissues. In neurons and astrocytes, excessive amounts of tau immunoreactivity were noted in association with ribosomes. The Alzheimer's abnormal filaments in neurofibrillary tangles in neuronal perikarya, in senile plaques, and in a multitude of abnormal neuropil neurites were frequently stained intensely. However, many neurons contained either stained ribosomes only or stained ribosomes and unstained abnormal filaments both scattered and in neurofibrillary tangles. In all locations, the immunostained abnormal filaments were straight without appreciable periodic constrictions and, on cross-section, had a tubular appearance with stained walls, frequently demonstrable unstained lumens and an accentuation of staining intensity at the periphery. In addition, conventional electron microscopy showed that formalin-fixed and glutaraldehyde-fixed neurofibrillary tangles were made of compactly arranged straight filaments and loosely arranged paired helical filaments, whereas osmium tetroxide-fixed neurofibrillary tangles were made almost exclusively of paired helical filaments. These findings suggest that: (a) localization of excessive tau immunoreactivity with ribosomes might be the primary event and association of detectable tau immunoreactivity with already assembled filaments might be an epiphenomenon; and (b) the mode of fixation and subsequent preparatory procedures might alter the morphology of the Alzheimer's abnormal filaments.
Towards Better Understanding of Bitcoin Unreachable Peers (2017)

The bitcoin peer-to-peer network has drawn significant attention from researchers, but so far has mostly focused on publicly visible portions of the network, i.e., publicly reachable peers. This mostly ignores the hidden parts of the network: unreachable Bitcoin peers behind NATs and firewalls. In this paper, we characterize Bitcoin peers that might be behind NATs or firewalls from different perspectives. Using a special-purpose measurement tool we conduct a large scale measurement study of the Bitcoin network, and discover several previously unreported usage patterns: a small number of peers are involved in the propagation of 89% of all bitcoin transactions, public cloud services are being used for Bitcoin network probing and crawling, a large amount of transactions are generated from only two mobile applications. We also empirically evaluate a method that uses timing information to re-identify the peer that created a transaction against unreachable peers. We find this method very accurate for peers that use the latest version of the Bitcoin Core client.
Macromol. Chem. Phys. 6/2012 (2012)

Front Cover: A micropatterning method for depositing polydiacetylene (PDA) supramolecular vesicles on glass substrates is described. The pre-patterned hydrophobic thin film defines surface-exposed regions on hydrophilic glass substrates where selective immobilization of PDA vesicles takes place. The fluorescent patterns generated by heat treatment of the deposited PDAs demonstrate that the vesicles are successfully immobilized in the form of micro-patterns. Further details can be found in the article by J.-M. Choi, B. Yoon, K. Choi, M.-L. Seol, J.-M. Kim, and Y.-K. Choi* on page 610.
UV Electroluminescence and Structure of n-ZnO/p-GaN Heterojunction LEDs Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (2010)

Atomic layer deposition technique and subsequent rapid thermal annealing (RTA) were implemented to grow high-quality ZnO epilayers for the fabrication of n-ZnO/p-GaN heterojunction LEDs. The X-ray diffraction measurement reveals that the ZnO epilayer has high crystallinity with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</i> axis orientation. Transmission electron microscopy images present that the ZnO layer is a single crystal, including only a few survivals of threading dislocations, which were generated in the GaN layer deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition on the c-Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrate and most of which were eliminated at the n-ZnO/p-GaN interface. An interfacial layer 4-5 nm thick caused by the RTA treatment was observed between the n-ZnO and p-GaN layers. Room temperature UV electroluminescence (EL) at 391 nm from ZnO was achieved at a low injection current about 10 mA. It is concluded that the competition between the ELs from the n-ZnO and p-GaN (around 425 nm) may be ascribed to the ZnO/GaN interface states coupled with the differences between the n-ZnO and p-GaN in carrier concentration and light emission efficiency.
Identification of signalling proteins interacting with B-Raf in the yeast two-hybrid system. (1996)

Recent studies suggested the existence of Ras/B-Raf/ MEK-1 complexes and a critical role for B-Raf in regulating the MAP kinase/ERKs signalling pathway. We report, here, that both Ras and MEK-1 proteins interact physically with B-Raf proteins in the yeast two-hybrid system. In addition, by screening a mouse brain cDNA library, we isolated additional B-Raf interacting proteins. These include three members of the 14-3-3 proteins family (eta, theta and zeta) and the MEK-2 protein. We also show that c-Raf-1, previously reported to interact with beta and zeta 14-3-3 proteins, also interacts with eta and theta 14-3-3 proteins in the two-hybrid system. By using different portions of the B-Raf protein, we mapped the regions of the protein involved in these interactions. Specifically, we have characterized B-Raf specific sequences required for an efficient interaction with MEK proteins. We show that, consequently, B-Raf interacts with MEK-1 and MEK-2 with a better affinity than does c-Raf-1, thus strengthening the notion that B-Raf is a stronger MEK activator than c-Raf-l. Our results also suggest that a MEK specific sequence, not present in MAP kinase kinases which are not activated by members of the Raf family, is required for the interaction with Raf proteins.
Quantifying the Impact of Edge Computing on Mobile Applications (2016)

Computational offloading services at the edge of the Internet for mobile devices are becoming a reality. Using a wide range of mobile applications, we explore how such infrastructure improves latency and energy consumption relative to the cloud. We present experimental results from WiFi and 4G LTE networks that confirm substantial wins from edge computing for highly interactive mobile applications.
Use of fluorescent probes in the study of phospholipid–sterol bilayers (1980)

1. The transfer of excitation energy between the fluorescent probes 1,6-diphenylhexa-1,3,5-triene and 12-(9-anthroyl)stearic acid and the cholesterol analogue cholesta-4,6-dien-3-one in phosphatidylcholine liposomes has been investigated. 2. The results indicate that probes and steroid are randomly distributed in the bilayer at steroid concentrations up to 35 mol%. 3. The degree of polarization of diphenylhexatriene fluorescence increases with increasing cholesterol content. Other sterols, differing in structure in the region of the polar group or in the side chain at position-17, produce similar but not identical effects. 4. the results are consistent with the proposal that diphenylhexatriene gives a general picture of the state of the bilayer and that there is no segregation of sterols in liquid-crystalline phosphatidylcholine bilayers.
The Law of Property (1993)

Reliable source on property laws surveys estates in land-present, future, and concurrent, comparable interests in personalty, landlord and tenant law, and rights against neighbors and other third persons. Also examines easements and profits, running covenants, governmental controls on land use, land contracts, conveyances, titles, and recording systems. Contains footnote citations to leading court decisions for easy location of primary authority.
Atomistic dynamics of a viral infection process: Release of membrane lytic peptides from a non-enveloped virus (2021)

Molecular simulations have played an instrumental role in uncovering the structural dynamics and physical properties of virus capsids. In this work, we move beyond equilibrium physicochemical characterization of a virus system to study a stage of the infection process that is required for viral proliferation. Despite many biochemical and functional studies, the molecular mechanism of host cell entry by non-enveloped viruses remains largely unresolved. Flock House virus (FHV) is a model system for non-enveloped viruses and is the subject of the current study. FHV infects through the acid-dependent endocytic pathway, where low pH triggers externalization of membrane-disrupting (γ) peptides from the capsid interior. Using all-atom equilibrium and enhanced sampling simulations, the mechanism and energetics of γ peptide liberation and the effect of pH on this process are investigated. Our computations agree with experimental findings and reveal nanoscopic details regarding the pH control mechanism, which are not readily accessible in experiments.
The First Time That I Had Lunch in School and I Washed My Clothes (2006)

Today,I had lunch from the cafeteria in my shool.It wasn't very expensive, and I spent four dollars on it.Actually,I didn't need to spend so much money.I bought two pizza-like things.They cost me
Mechanism of action of epidermal growth factor‐induced porcine oocyte maturation (1995)

EGF has been reported to promote oocyte maturation in several species, although the mechanism of action is not yet known. The present study is designed to determine the pathway used by EGF to enhance porcine oocyte maturation. Oocytes were aspirated from 2-5 mm follicles and cultured with various treatments in Medium-199 at 37 degrees C, 100% relative humidity, and 5% CO2 for 48 hr for the maturation study and 3 hr for intracellular cAMP measurement. Although treatment with 100 IU/ml hCG stimulated both intracellular cAMP formation and oocyte maturation, 10 ng/ml EGF stimulated oocyte maturation only. Dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP) inhibited oocyte maturation at 10(-5), 10(-4), and 10(-3) M concentration s in the control medium. However, in the presence of 10 ng/ml EGF, dbcAMP inhibited oocyte maturation only at a concentration of 10(-3) M. Increasing concentrations of EGF (i.e., 25 and 50 ng/ml) were ineffective in overcoming the inhibitory effect of dbcAMP at 10(-3) M. In contrast, EGF reversed the decreased maturation rate caused by transforming growth factor-beta. Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, enhanced the spontaneous maturation rate; 4 alpha-phorbol dideconoate, an inactive phorbol ester, did not show this effect. PMA- and EGF-stimulated porcine oocyte maturation is reversed by calphostin-C, a PKC inhibitor. In conclusion, EGF's promotional activity on porcine oocyte maturation is independent of the cAMP pathway and probably mediated by the PKC pathway.
Inheritance of Internode Length and its Relation to Head Exsertion and Head Size in Broccoli (1995)

Broccoli ( Brassica oleracea L. Italica Group) lines with heads borne above the foliage (exserted) favorably for mechanical harvest were crossed with inbred lines with nonexserted heads. Length of the heads, defined as the portion of the plant above the highest major leaf, was ≈50% of the total plant height in short and tall parents and all plants of the F 1 , F 2 , and backcross generations. The principal characteristic identified with good head exsertion was long internodes. Internode length was inherited mostly in an additive manner, with some effect of hybrid vigor apparent in the F 1 , F 2 , and backcross to the tall parent. Plant height was also inherited in an additive manner. Head weight in the high-exsertion parent was much lower than in the low-exsertion parent. Within each parent and the F 1 , head weight was greater in plants with longer internodes and greater plant height. In the segregating generations (F 2 and backcross), head weight increased with decreasing internode length, indicating that selection for high head exsertion would result in smaller heads and reduced yield.
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for New Inoculants (2004)

Root colonizing bacteria (rhizobacteria) that exert beneficial effects on plant development via direct or indirect mechanisms have been defined as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Although significant control of plant pathogens or direct enhancement of plant development has been demonstrated by PGPR in the laboratory and in the greenhouse, results in the field have been less consistent. Because of these and other challenges in screening, formulation, and application, PGPR have yet to fulfill their promise and potential as commercial inoculants. Recent progress in our understanding of their diversity, colonization ability, mechanisms of action, formulation, and application should facilitate their development as reliable components in the management of sustainable agricultural systems.
Carotid-Artery Intima and Media Thickness as a Risk Factor for Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Older Adults (1999)

Increases in the thickness of the intima and media of the carotid artery, as measured noninvasively by ultrasonography, are directly associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke in older adults without a history of cardiovascular disease.
Diaryl Ether and Diaryl Thioether Syntheses on Solid Supports via Copper (I)-Mediated Coupling (2008)

An efficient method to synthesize diaryl ethers and thioethers on solid supports is described. Starting from immobilized phenols or arylhalides, coupling with an access of aryliodides/arylbromides or phenolic/thiophenolic substrates in solution was successful in the presence of CuCl and Cs(2)CO(3) as base. Coupling conditions known from solution-phase syntheses of diaryl ethers have been effectively modified and adapted to solid-phase synthesis. Optimized conditions enabled the coupling of sterically hindered and/or electronically deactivated aryl moieties. After coupling, a newly developed diversity-generating linker based on cinnamic acid allowed the diaryl ethers to be cleaved from the resin either via saponification/transesterification or via ozonolysis. Latter offers the possibility of generating several additional compounds by simple variation of the cleavage conditions. The target substances were generally isolated in good to excellent yields and high purities.
Low Cost Augmented Reality and RFID Application for Logistics Items Visualization (2013)

One important component of the gross domestic product (GDP) is logistics services the quality and added value of which is growing due to the application of modern information and communication technologies and electronics. RFID use increases the performance of logistics items identification, however some errors, which could cause substantial damage and losses, remain. The amount of potential errors could be diminished by the additional checking of items using 3D visualisation. The authors researched the use of augmented reality for item visualisation in a warehouse combining AR and RFID solutions.
Interspecific Hybridization in the Genus <i>Nicotiana</i> Involving the Species <i>N. umbratica</i> B and <i>N. megalosiphon</i> H and M Arg (1975)

The species N. umbratica reported from Australia (Burbidge 1960) is unique in the genus Nicotiana having a chromosome number of 2n=46. Intersubgeneric and intrasubgeneric crosses were made with a view to find out phylogenetic relationship. The present results substantiate Burbidge's findings, wherein she has accomodated the species N. umbratica in the section suaveolentes of subgenus petunioides. The crossability and cytological studies revealed, that N. umbratica is closely related to N. megalosiphon (2n=40). The study also supports Good-speed's (1954) prediction that the further expansion of the genus above the 24 paired level is possible by amphiploidy. The fertile amphiploid N. megalosiphon-umbratica (2n=86) is a positive proof.
Estimating the Current Mean of a Normal Distribution which is Subjected to Changes in Time (1964)

Abstract : A tracking problem is considered. Observations are taken on the successive positions of an object traveling on a path, and it is desired to estimate its current position. The objective is to arrive at a simple formula which implicitly accounts for possible changes in direction and discounts observations taken before the latest change. To develop a reasonable procedure, a simpler problem is studied. Successive observations are taken on n independently and normally distributed random variables X sub 1, X sub 2, ..., X sub n with means mu sub 1, mu sub 2, ..., mu sub n and variance 1. Each mean mu sub i is equal to the preceding mean mu sub (i-1) except when an occasional change takes place. The object is to estimate the current mean mu sub n. This problem is studied from a Bayesian point of view. An 'ad hoc' estimator is described, which applies a combination of the A.M.O.C. Bayes estimator and a sequence of tests designed to locate the last time point of change. The various estimators are then compared by a Monte Carlo study of samples of size 9. This Bayesian approach seems to be more appropriate for the related problem of testing whether a change in mean has occurred. This test procedure is simpler than that used by Page. The power functions of the two procedures are compared. (Author)
Classification of Power Quality Disturbances using Features of Signals (2012)

Abstract- This paper proposes a power quality disturbance classification technique based on the energy of the distorted signals. The multiresolution analysis technique of DWT is employed on the distorted signals to extract the energy distribution features at different levels of resolution. To identify the different power quality disturbances the energy difference at each decomposition level is calculated with respect to the energy of the pure sinusoidal signal. Then probabilistic neural network is applied to classify the power quality disturbances. The simulation results validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.
A multilevel multispectral data set analysis in the visible and infrared wavelength regions (1975)

Skylab multispectral scanner data, digitized Skylab color infrared (IR) photography, digitized Skylab black and white multiband photography, and Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) multi-spectral scanner data collected within a 24-h time period over an area in south-central Indiana near Bloomington on June 9 and 10, 1973, were compared in a machine-aided land use analysis of the area. The overall classification performance results, obtained with nine land use classes, were 87-percent correct classification using the "best" 4 channels of the Skylab multispectral scanner, 80 percent for the channels on the Skylab multispectral scanner which are spectrally comparable to the ERTS multispectral scanner, 88 percent for the ERTS multispectral scanner, 83 percent for the digitized color IR photography, and 76 percent for the digitized black and white multiband photography. The results indicate that the Skylab multispectral scanner may yield even higher classification accuracies when a noise filtered multispectral scanner data set becomes available in the near future.
Hydrogen peroxide poisoning causing brain infarction: neuroimaging findings. (1998)

Our findings show the high toxicity of concentrated hydrogen peroxide. CNS damage and death are likely consequences after ingestion of this agent.
Aging and solid or liquid behavior in pastes (2006)

We carried out systematic creep tests after different times of rest and over sufficiently long times with pasty materials of various internal structures in a Couette geometry. From an analysis of the data taking into account the inertia of the system and the heterogeneous distribution of stress, we show that: (i) for a stress below the yield stress these materials remain solid but undergo residual, irreversible deformations over long time which exhibit some trends typical of aging in glassy systems; (ii) as a result of thixotropy (or aging) in the solid regime the elastic modulus increases logarithmically with the time of rest; (iii) in the liquid regime the effective behavior of the material can be well represented by a truncated power-law model; (iv) a fundamental parameter of the solid-liquid transition is a critical effective shear rate (associated with the yield stress) below which the material cannot flow steadily.