gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
阻止 hyperenzymemia 在以后的 Losartan 内视镜后退 cholangiopan-creatography: 使随机化的临床的试用 (2012)

AIM: To study if the angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARB) losartan counteracts pancreatic hyperenzymemiaas measured 24 h after endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography (ERCP).METHODS: A triple-blind and placebo-controlled ran-domized clinical trial was performed at two Swedish hospitals in 2006-2008. Patients over 18 years of age undergoing ERCP, excluding those with current pancreatitis, current use of ARB, and severe disease, such as sepsis, liver and renal failure. One oral dose of 50 mg losartan or placebo was given one hour before ERCP. The relative risk of hyperenzymemia 24 h after ERCP was estimated using multivariable logistic regression, and expressed as odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), including adjustment for potential remaining confounding.RESULTS: Among 76 participating patients, 38 were randomized to the losartan and the placebo group, re-spectively. The incidence rates of hyperenzymemia and acute pancreatitis among all 76 participating patients were 21% and 12%, respectively. Hyperenzymemia was detected in 9 and 7 patients in the losartan and placebo group, respectively. There were no major differences between the comparison groups regarding cannulation difficulty, findings, or proportion of patients requiring drainage of the bile ducts. There were, how-ever, more pancreatic duct injections, a greater extent of pancreatography, and more biliary sphincterotomies in the losartan group than in the placebo group. Losar-tan was not associated with risk of hyperenzymemia compared to the placebo group after multi-varible logis-tic regression analysis (odds ratio 1.6, 95%CI 0.3-7.8).CONCLUSION: In this randomized trial 50 mg losartan given orally had no prophylactic effect on development of hyperenzymemia after ERCP.
RAMASD: a semi-automatic method for designing agent organisations (2002)

Designing realistic multi-agent systems is a complex process, which involves specifying not only the functionality of individual agents, but also the authority relationships and lines of communication existing among them. In other words, designing a multi-agent system refers to designing an agent organisation. Existing methodologies follow a wide variety of approaches to designing agent organisations, but they do not provide adequate support for the decisions involved in moving from analysis to design. Instead, they require designers to make ad hoc design decisions while working at a low level of abstraction. We have developed RAMASD (Role Algebraic Multi-Agent System Design), a method for semi-automatic design of agent organisations based on the concept of role models as first-class design constructs. Role models represent agent behaviour, and the design of the agent system is done by systematically allocating roles to agents. The core of this method is a formal model of basic relations between roles, which we call role algebra . The semantics of this role-relationships model are formally defined using a two-sorted algebra. In this paper, we review existing agent system design methodologies to highlight areas where further work is required, describe how our method can address some of the outstanding issues and demonstrate its application to a case study involving telephone repair service teams.
Observation of Quantized Conductance in the Surface Bands of Bismuth Nanowires (2016)

We report the experimental observation of quantized conductance by Rashba bands at the surface of 50-nm Bi nanowires. With increasing magnetic fields along the wire axis, the wires exhibit a stepwise increase of conductance with as many as four distinct plateaus together with oscillatory thermopower. The observations can be accounted for by the increase of the number of propagating surface modes. The modes have very high mobility and are associated with Aharonov-Bohm interference around the perimeter consistently with theory of quasiballistic one-dimensional nanowires considering that Lorentz forces decouple the modes from scattering at the nanowire surface.
Investigation of Turbines for Driving Supersonic Compressors V : Design and Performance of Third Configuration with Nontwisted Rotor Blades (1953)

Report presenting the design and performance of a turbine with nontwisted rotor blades designed to drive a high-speed, high-specific-mass-flow supersonic compressor. Results regarding turbine performance, entrance Mach number, radial temperature surveys, and loading are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: LIGAND STRUCTURE AND COMPLEXATION. XL. NONCYCLIC CROWN ETHER TYPE ESTERS AND THEIR METAL ION COMPLEXES (1979)

Abstract Die nichtcyclischen, Estergruppierungen enthaltenden Neutralliganden (I)‐(IX) werden synthetisiert So werden die Liganden des Typs (I) durch Umsetzung entsprechender Carbonsäurechloride und Pyridin‐ bzw. Benzol dimethanole erhalten.
P-1104 - The effect of clozapine on the expression of obesity genes (2012)

Clozapine is a second generation antipsychotic drug that is often used for treatment of schizophrenia. Although clozapine does not produce extrapyramidal side effects, it is well documented that it often causes a substantial increase in body weight among the patients who have received the treatment. This is a major issue in antipsychotic medication of schizophrenia as obesity is a risk factor for the development of type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. The molecular mechanism that underlies this off-targeting effect has been poorly understood, but we hypothesize that the genes involved in obesity may play a role in developing clozapine-induced obesity. In this study, accordingly, we applied a human cell line (U937 cells) with quantitative PCR analysis to examine the effect of clozapine on the expression of obesity genes that were identified by genome-wide association study (GWAS). Our results revealed that expression of the neuronal growth regulator 1 (NEGR1) gene was significantly higher in U937 cells treated with clozapine concentrations of 0.5 μg/ml (P = 0.0165) and 1.0 μg/ml (P = 0.021), respectively, as compared with that in the vehicle-treated cells. This initial finding suggests that NEGR1 may be a target of clozapine, leading to the development of drug-induced obesity. The NEGR1 gene will be further investigated to determine its association with schizophrenia and to clarify what mechanism may be involved in its expression.
Characterization of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 El Tor <i>galU</i> and <i>galE</i> Mutants: Influence on Lipopolysaccharide Structure, Colonization, and Biofilm Formation (2001)

Recently we described the isolation of spontaneous bacteriophage K139-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor mutants. In this study, we identified phage-resistant isolates with intact O antigen but altered core oligosaccharide which were also affected in galactose catabolism; this strains have mutations in the galU gene. We inactivated another gal gene, galE, and the mutant was also found to be defective in the catabolism of exogenous galactose but synthesized an apparently normal lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both gal mutants as well as a rough LPS (R-LPS) mutant were investigated for the ability to colonize the mouse small intestine. The galU and R-LPS mutants, but not the galE mutant, were defective in colonization, a phenotype also associated with O-antigen-negative mutants. By investigating several parameters in vitro, we could show that galU and R-LPS mutants were more sensitive to short-chain organic acids, cationic antimicrobial peptides, the complement system, and bile salts as well as other hydrophobic agents, indicating that their outer membrane no longer provides an effective barrier function. O-antigen-negative strains were found to be sensitive to complement and cationic peptides, but they displayed significant resistance to bile salts and short-chain organic acids. Furthermore, we found that galU and galE are essential for the formation of a biofilm in a spontaneous phage-resistant rugose variant, suggesting that the synthesis of UDP-galactose via UDP-glucose is necessary for biosynthesis of the exopolysaccharide. In addition, we provide evidence that the production of exopolysaccharide limits the access of phage K139 to its receptor, the O antigen. In conclusion, our results indicate involvement of galU in V. cholerae virulence, correlated with the observed change in LPS structure, and a role for galU and galE in environmental survival of V. cholerae.
Compression of Nanowires Using a Flat Indenter: Diametrical Elasticity Measurement (2012)

A new experimental approach for the characterization of the diametrical elastic modulus of individual nanowires is proposed by implementing a micro/nanoscale diametrical compression test geometry, using a flat punch indenter. A 250 nm diameter single crystal silicon nanowire is compressed inside of a scanning electron microscope. Since silicon is highly anisotropic, the wire crystal orientation in the compression axis is determined by electron backscatter diffraction. In order to analyze the load-displacement compression data, a two-dimensional analytical closed-form solution based on a classical contact model is proposed. The results of the analytical model are compared with those of finite element simulations and to the experimental diametrical compression results and show good agreement.
Guest-Host Interactions in Nematic Liquid Crystals (1969)

Abstract new electro-optic effect based on guest-host interactions in nematic liquid crystals is described. The cooperative alignment of a nematic liquid crystal in an electric field is used to orient “guest” pleochroic dye molecules (molecules whose absorption spectrum is a function of the molecular orientation with respect to the polarization of the incident light). Electronic color switching was achieved using fields of the order of 10 kV/cm (dc through audio) with a variety of dyes. A detailed study of the optical density changes as a function of field strength and dye concentration for one guest-host system is also presented.
Evaluation of Cutting Forces for Intermetallic Compounds Formed on Solder Joint Interface by Instrumented Ultramicrotome (2004)

Observing interface states is especially important in evaluating solder joint reliability. Cross-section samples of intermetallic compounds generated by copper metallization with lead-free solders (Sn8Zn3Bi, and Sn9Zn, Sn3Ag0.5Cu), with Sn37Pb as a reference, were prepared using an ultramicrotome. We used an instrumented ultramicrotome to study the cutting force profiles of the intermetallic compounds. When we measured them with a needle-like diamond knife (60 μm in width), we found peaks in the profiles consisting of two elements that corresponded to those of the intermetallic compounds. These profiles also correlated well with the hardness of the constituent phases at the solder joint interface.
LocationSpark: In-memory Distributed Spatial Query Processing and Optimization (2019)

Due to the ubiquity of spatial data applications and the large amounts of spatial data that these applications generate and process, there is a pressing need for scalable spatial query processing. In this paper, we present new techniques for spatial query processing and optimization in an in-memory and distributed setup to address scalability. More specifically, we introduce new techniques for handling query skew, which is common in practice, and optimize communication costs accordingly. We propose a distributed query scheduler that use a new cost model to optimize the cost of spatial query processing. The scheduler generates query execution plans that minimize the effect of query skew. The query scheduler employs new spatial indexing techniques based on bitmap filters to forward queries to the appropriate local nodes. Each local computation node is responsible for optimizing and selecting its best local query execution plan based on the indexes and the nature of the spatial queries in that node. All the proposed spatial query processing and optimization techniques are prototyped inside Spark, a distributed memory-based computation system. The experimental study is based on real datasets and demonstrates that distributed spatial query processing can be enhanced by up to an order of magnitude over existing in-memory and distributed spatial systems.
Sulphur-based directed benzylic metallations: lithiations of alkylarenesulphonates (1990)

Benzylic anions (6) are obtained by regio-specific lithiations of ethyl 2-methylbenzenesulphonates. Evidence for the presence of the ethyl 2-lithiomethylbenzenesulphonates was obtained by efficient quenching studies with a range of electrophiles. Lithiations of the 2,4-dimethyl compound (9) gave the 2-lithiomethyl anion only, indicative of a predominant co-ordination mechanism in the lithiations.
ChemInform Abstract: The Atmospheric Chemistry of Oxygenated Fuel Additives: t‐Butyl Alcohol, Dimethyl Ether, and Methyl t‐Butyl Ether. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐Nucleoside Studies. Part 19. The Synthesis of the β‐D‐Xylofuranosyl Analogue of Formycin. (1986)

Abstract Treatment of the acyclic pentitol derivative (I) with acidified acetone (II) gives the isomeric rearrangement products (III) and (IVa); after longer reaction times (IVa) and the condensation product (IVb) are obtained.
Interconnected nanofibrous titanium dioxide bronze: an emerging lithium ion anode material for high rate performance (2012)

Here we report TiO2, in the bronze phase (TiO2-B), with a porous nanostructure designed for rapid lithium storage and charge transfer. A new synthesis method is described that not only facilitates these improvements, but also removes the requirement for an autoclave, which is usually common in the synthesis of this material. Most notably, peak capacities of 235, 148, and 66 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, 20 C, and 100 C were attained, respectively. These results were achieved with low conductive carbon contents (5%). In addition, recent atomistic reports on TiO2-B were correlated with these results in order to explain how the morphology reported here was leveraged in order to attain high performance. Diffusion coefficients were also calculated for this novel TiO2-B architecture and found to be in good agreement with a previous study performed using NMR.
Imaging Striatal Microglial Activation in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease (2015)

This study investigated whether the second-generation translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO) radioligand, [18F]-FEPPA, could be used in neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders as a biomarker for detecting neuroinflammation in the striatum. Neuroinflammation has been implicated as a potential mechanism for the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radioligand targeting for TSPO allows for the quantification of neuroinflammation in vivo. Based on genotype of the rs6791 polymorphism in the TSPO gene, 16 mixed-affinity binders (MABs) (8 PD and age-matched 8 healthy controls (HCs)), 16 high-affinity binders (HABs) (8 PD and age-matched 8 HCs) and 4 low-affinity binders (LABs) (3 PD and 1 HCs) were identified. Total distribution volume (VT) values in the striatum were derived from a two-tissue compartment model with arterial plasma as an input function. There was a significant main effect of genotype on [18F]-FEPPA VT values in the caudate nucleus (p = 0.001) and putamen (p < 0.001), but no main effect of disease or disease x genotype interaction in either ROI. In the HAB group, the percentage difference between PD and HC was 16% in both caudate nucleus and putamen; in the MAB group, it was -8% and 3%, respectively. While this PET study showed no evidence of increased striatal TSPO expression in PD patients, the current findings provide some insights on the possible interactions between rs6791 polymorphism and neuroinflammation in PD.
Use of human reconstituted epidermis Episkin® for assessment of weak phototoxic potential of chemical compounds (2002)

Human reconstituted epidermis Episkin can be useful to study in vitro the onset of cutaneous phototoxic reactions and particularly to identify weak phototoxic compounds.
Customer-aware resource overallocation to improve energy efficiency in realtime Cloud Computing data centers (2011)

Energy efficiency is becoming a very important concern for Cloud Computing environments. These are normally composed of large and power consuming data centers to provide the required elasticity and scalability to their customers. In this context, many efforts have been developed to balance the loads at host level. However, determining how to maximize the resources utilization at Virtual Machine (VM) level still remains as a big challenge. This is mainly driven by very dynamic workload behaviors and a wide variety of customers' resource utilization patterns. This paper introduces a dynamic resource provisioning mechanism to overallocate the capacity of real-time Cloud data centers based on customer utilization patterns. Furthermore, its impact on the trade-off between energy efficiency and SLA fulfillment is analyzed. The main idea is to exploit the resource utilization patterns of each customer to decrease the waste produced by resource request overestimations. This creates the opportunity to allocate additional VMs in the same host incrementing its energy efficiency. Nevertheless, this also increases the risk of QoS affectations. The proposed model considers SLA deadlines, predictions based on historical data, and dynamic occupation to determine the amount of resources to overallocate for each host. In addition, a compensation mechanism to adjust resource allocation in cases of underestimation is also described. In order to evaluate the model, simulation experimentation was conducted. Results demonstrate meaningful improvements in energy-efficiency while SLA-deadlines are slightly impacted. However, they also point the importance of strongest compensation policies to reduce availability violations especially during peak utilization periods.
Enhancing the immune response through next generation polymeric vaccine adjuvants (2014)

The search for improved vaccine adjuvants has intensified recently with the growing popularity of subunit vaccines. These vaccines can induce efficient antibody response and cellular immunity without the safety constraints of live vaccines, but must overcome their poor immunogenicity. Next-generation vaccine adjuvants offer several advantages over conventional adjuvants and can be rationally designed to meet the requirements of the antigen. This review analyzes current research in the field of vaccine adjuvant design, with an emphasis on polymeric vaccine adjuvants.
Prevention of platelet alloimmunization in dogs with systemic cyclosporine and by UV-irradiation or cyclosporine-loading of donor platelets (1987)

To study the immunosuppressive effects of three different treatments, 30 dogs received at weekly intervals eight platelet transfusions from a single random donor dog. The three experimental protocols were daily oral cyclosporine (Cs) treatment of recipients; in vitro ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation of donor platelets; and Cs-loading of donor platelets. All nine recipients of Cs, 11/12 (92%) recipients of UV-irradiated platelets, and 5/9 (56%) recipients of Cs-loaded donor platelets remained nonimmunized to repeated transfusions of donor platelets. In contrast, only 3 of 21 untreated controls (14%) were not alloimmunized by donor platelets. Moreover, 44% to 67% of the nonimmunized recipients remained tolerant to continued platelet transfusions from their original donor even after experimental therapy was discontinued. Forty-three percent to 100% of transfusions from secondary donors were also accepted without causing alloimmunization, suggesting that tolerance induced by prior treatment was not specific for the primary donor. However, survival of both the original and secondary donor platelets was reduced to about half the starting level, suggesting that some immune response to platelets had occurred. Also, recipients immunized by their original donor's platelets frequently developed refractoriness to platelets from other donors.
Bicell-photodetector in the Fourier plane as a fiber optic homodyne phase demodulator: theoretical model and experimental results (2013)

A concept of the Young interference experiment has been applied in the design of a fiber optic homodyne phase demodulator. The system is based on a bicell-photodetector in the Fourier plane. The above system has been designed, described, and verified together with an estimation of the minimization of phase measurement error in connection with the distance between photodetectors, wavelength, and focal length of the Fourier lens. The fundamental investigation concerning the choice of a distance between photodetectors and its influence on the demodulator's linearity has been presented and discussed as well.
Broad-spectrum virus resistance in transgenic plants expressing pokeweed antiviral protein. (1993)

Exogenous application of pokeweed antiviral protein (PAP), a ribosome-inhibiting protein found in the cell walls of Phytolacca americana (pokeweed), protects heterologous plants from viral infection. A cDNA clone for PAP was isolated and introduced into tobacco and potato plants by transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transgenic plants that expressed either PAP or a double mutant derivative of PAP showed resistance to infection by different viruses. Resistance was effective against both mechanical and aphid transmission. Analysis of the vacuum infiltrate of leaves expressing PAP showed that it is enriched in the intercellular fluid. Analysis of resistance in transgenic plants suggests that PAP confers viral resistance by inhibiting an early event in infection. Previous methods for creating virus-resistant plants have been specific for a particular virus or closely related viruses. To protect plants against more than one virus, multiple genes must be introduced and expressed in a single transgenic line. Expression of PAP in transgenic plants offers the possibility of developing resistance to a broad spectrum of plant viruses by expression of a single gene.