gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Supervised color constancy for machine vision</title> (1991)

In machine vision, color constancy is the ability to match object colors in images taken under different colors of illumination. This is a difficult problem because the image color will depend upon the spectral reflectance function of the object and the spectral distribution function of the incident light, both of which are generally unknown. Previous methods to solve this problem have represented these functions with a small number of basis functions and used some sort of reference knowledge to calculate the coefficients. Most of these methods have the weakness that the reference property may not actually hold for all images, or that it provides too few constraints to allow an adequate recovery of the functions. We present here a method for color constancy that uses a color chart of known spectral characteristics to give stronger reference criteria, and with a large number of colors to give enough constraints to calculate the illuminant to the desired degree of accuracy. We call this approach 'supervised color constancy' since the process is supervised by a picture of a reference color chart. We demonstrate two methods for computing supervised color constancy, one using least squares estimation, the other using a neural network. We present results for simulated experiment of the calculation of the spectral power distribution of an unknown illuminant.
InP-based heterostructure device technology for ultracold readout applications (1992)

Many IR imaging astronomical and defense applications require focal planes that operate at temperatures less than 20 K. The most widely used readout technology is silicon complementary metal oxide semiconductor (Si CMOS). At ultracold temperatures, however, this technology exhibits undesirable features, such as drain overshoot and kink effects due to frozen out impurities. An InP-based heterostructure device process, under development at Hughes Aircraft Company for high-speed applications, is being assessed for ultracold analog focal plane applications. Benefits should include low power dissipation, low 1/f noise, and radiation hardness. Device performance has been demonstrated at 5 K, comparable with room-temperature performance but with none of the debilitating freezeout effects found in Si CMOS. Focal plane readout circuits based on the InP process are being fabricated.
Duck hepatitis B virus can tolerate insertion, deletion, and partial frameshift mutation in the distal pre-S region (1989)

In-frame and frameshift mutations were introduced into the pre-S region (1,212 base pairs) of duck hepatitis B virus. The in-frame mutants retained the inserted 12 nucleotides, while the frameshift mutants either reverted to wild type or exhibited a 10-nucleotide compensatory deletion downstream of the original mutation site. Thus, although duck hepatitis B virus has a compact and highly economical genome organization, it can replicate despite alterations of up to 9 amino acid codons in the pre-S and P open reading frames.
A Design Method of Windows by Spline Functions Based on Weighted Equiripple Approximation (1993)

Improvement is discussed on a method of designing a window with the feature of minimizing the highest sidelobe level under desired mainlobe bandwidth and sidelobe fall-off. A previous paper by one of the authors has proposed a method with the above feature. But it has a problem that designed windows are discrete-time ones defined on a series of sampling points in the observation domain. Discrete-time windows need to be designed whenever the number of the sampling points is changed. The present method employs a C-spline function in expressing a continuous-time window. Experiments result in that the present method can design windows with dimension 30 which are as good as or better than the ones designed by the previous method with dimension 64 or more. It is also shown that the present design examples are superior to the authors' other windows expressed by C-spline functions.
Stereoselective synthesis of (.+-.)-indolizidines 167B, 205A, and 207A. Enantioselective synthesis of (-)-indolizidine 209B (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective synthesis of (.+-.)-indolizidines 167B, 205A, and 207A. Enantioselective synthesis of (-)-indolizidine 209BAdrian L. Smith, Simon F. Williams, Andrew B. Holmes, Leslie R. Hughes, Colin. Swithenbank, and Zev. LidertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 26, 8696–8698Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00234a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00234a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1165Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Familial Aggregation of Bronchodilator Response (2000)

We investigated familial aggregation of bronchodilator response (BDR) among 4,946 subjects selected from 1,161 index families with asthma in a rural community in China. Each family unit consisted of both parents and their first and subsequent offspring, aged 8-20. Raw BDR measurements, defined as the percentage change in FEV(1) after 180 microg of albuterol, were adjusted to account for sex, age, height, weight, education, smoking, asthma, wheeze, and allergy status. Using these adjusted BDR values, we found significant correlation for father-first offspring pairs, mother-first offspring pairs, mother-subsequent offspring pairs, and first offspring-subsequent offspring pairs. The overall magnitude of the correlation coefficient (0.088-0.165) suggests a modest degree of familial clustering. The largest odds ratio was seen for subsequent offspring who had mothers and first offspring with adjusted BDR values above the median: 3.10 (95% CI: 1.85-5.20) in these index families with asthma. Thus, our data support a significant familial aggregation of BDR in this Chinese population, which points to a role of genetic factors in BDR.
Measurements of Declination at the Helsinki Magnetic-meteorological Observatory 1844-1853 (1992)

A project was started with the goal of putting into computer readable form all the old unpublished magnetic data at the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), the successor of the Helsinki magnetic-meteorological observatory. Altogether there are available about 2.5 million visual observations of D, H and Z made during the time interval 1844-1905. The first 10 year period (1844-1853) of declination data now converted to electronic form, includes observations made at every tenth minute. The total number of observations is 489,152. We present some examples of declination observations in forms of tables and graphs showing hourly, daily, monthly, and annual means. Secular variations of the declination in 1844-1853 have been extremely linear, showing a steady eastward increase of 8 prime/year that is more than two times larger than the present annual rate of secular change in Finland. The standard deviation of the daily and monthly residuals, after removing the secular variation trend for the whole time period, is about 1 prime, demonstrating the high stability and reliability of the observations. For this reason the data may be suitable for deriving a 3-hour activity index K and daily Ak numbers, giving new information for extending the existing long series of activity characters backwards in time.
Hypokalaemia in a woman with eating disorder (2011)

Chronic hypokalaemia often remains a diagnostic challenge, especially in young women without hypertension. A concealed diuretic abuse should be suspected, especially in young women with eating disorders. This case describes a woman with chronic hypokalaemia in whom a thorough medical history and proper laboratory tests were essential to early and accurate diagnosis.
Studies of a Glass-Ceramic Capacitance Thermometer between 0.025 and 2.4 K (1971)

Capacitance measurements from 0.025 to 2.4 K are reported for capacitance thermometers (made from an SrTiO3 glass-ceramic crystallized at 1100 and 1203°C), two of which were the ones reported in the previous article. It was found that the 1200-type thermometer has a useful thermometric range down to 0.06 K and a linear C-T region down to 0.5 K. The 1100-type thermometer has a useful range down to 0.110 K and a linear region down to 1.1 K. The measured data do not appear to be influenced by self-heating or adiabatic correction effects. Both thermometers display an unexpected increase in capacitance with decreasing temperature below their monotonically decreasing ranges. The 1100-type thermometer displays the more pronounced increase, with C∝T−1 from 0.100 to 0.025 K. It is argued that this T−1 behavior is due to the onset of an ultralow temperature phase transition in the glass crystallized SrTiO3, and the possibility of using this effect to achieve adiabatic depolarization cooling is discussed.
Results of the IGEC-2 search for gravitational wave bursts during 2005 (2007)

The network of resonant bar detectors of gravitational waves resumed coordinated observations within the International Gravitational Event Collaboration (IGEC-2). Four detectors are taking part in this Collaboration: ALLEGRO, AURIGA, EXPLORER and NAUTILUS. We present here the results of the search for gravitational wave bursts over 6 months during 2005, when IGEC-2 was the only gravitational wave observatory in operation. The implemented network data analysis is based on a time coincidence search among AURIGA, EXPLORER and NAUTILUS; ALLEGRO data was reserved for follow-up studies. The network amplitude sensitivity to bursts improved by a factor $\ensuremath{\approx}3$ over the 1997-2000 IGEC observations; the wider sensitive band also allowed the analysis to be tuned over a larger class of waveforms. Given the higher single-detector duty factors, the analysis was based on threefold coincidence, to ensure the identification of any single candidate of gravitational waves with high statistical confidence. The false detection rate was as low as 1 per century. No candidates were found.
Photofunctional Construct That Interfaces Molecular Cobalt-Based Catalysts for H<sub>2</sub> Production to a Visible-Light-Absorbing Semiconductor (2013)

Molecular cobalt-containing hydrogen production catalysts are grafted to a visible-light-absorbing semiconductor. The attachment procedure exploits the UV-induced immobilization chemistry of vinylpyridine to p-type (100) gallium phosphide (GaP). Single step surface-initiated photopolymerization yields a covalently attached polymer with pendent pyridyl groups that provide attachment points for assembling cobaloxime catalysts. Successful attachment is characterized by grazing angle attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GATR-FTIR), which shows distinct vibrational modes associated with the catalyst, as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) that confirm the presence of intact Co(III) complex on the surface. The Co-functionalized photocathode shows significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance in aqueous conditions at neutral pH, compared to results obtained on GaP without attached cobalt complex. PEC measurements, at 100 mW cm(-2) illumination, yield a 2.4 mA cm(-2) current density at a 310 mV underpotential.
Abstract 425: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocyte Tissue Engineered Scaffold Improves Left Ventricular Function and Electro-Mechanical Coupling in Rats with Heart Failure (2015)

Background: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) is the leading cause of hospital readmissions in the United States. It may result from systolic or diastolic dysfunction, which often coexists. Here we report the effects of delivering human induced pluripotent stem cells derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) via a bioengineered patch on left ventricular function in rats with CHF. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left coronary artery ligation and were randomized to Sham, CHF, and hiPSC-CM patch. High purity human hiPSC-CMs were obtained from Cellular Dynamics International, seeded and co-cultured onto a vicryl matrix embedded with human dermal fibroblasts. Echocardiography was performed at 3 and 6 weeks post-randomization. Hemodynamic pressure measurements were performed at 6 weeks post-ligation with Millar solid state micromanometer catheters. Open chest Electrophysiologic (EP) mapping was performed at 6 weeks post ligation. Results: Patches constructed with hiPSC-CMs displayed synchronized and spontaneous contractions within 48hrs of culture which developed in robustness over time. At maximal robustness, contractions were visualized across the full thickness of the construct. Contractions were recorded at 36+5 beats BPM. Three weeks after implantation, the hiPSC-CM patch decreased LV EDP (45%), Tau (29%), E/e’ (23%) and increased, EF (14%), e’ (20%), and e’/a’ (36%) versus CHF. EP studies show electro-mechanical coupling between the patch and the native myocardium with normal activation through the patch and increases (P<0.05) voltage amplitude in CHF versus hiPSC-CM patch treated rats (1±0.5 mV vs 6±1.5mV). Conclusion: Cardiac patch implantation with human iPSC derived cardiomyocytes is an effective and feasible method of treating CHF with improvements in systolic function, diastolic function, and electro-mechanical coupling in rats with CHF.
Chip-based Brillouin processing for carrier recovery in coherent optical\n communications (2017)

Modern fiber-optic coherent communications employ advanced\nspectrally-efficient modulation formats that require sophisticated narrow\nlinewidth local oscillators (LOs) and complex digital signal processing (DSP).\nHere, we establish a novel approach to carrier recovery harnessing large-gain\nstimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) on a photonic chip for up to 116.82\nGbit/sec self-coherent optical signals, eliminating the need for a separate LO.\nIn contrast to SBS processing on-fiber, our solution provides phase and\npolarization stability while the narrow SBS linewidth allows for a\nrecord-breaking small guardband of ~265 MHz, resulting in higher\nspectral-efficiency than benchmark self-coherent schemes. This approach reveals\ncomparable performance to state-of-the-art coherent optical receivers without\nrequiring advanced DSP. Our demonstration develops a low-noise and\nfrequency-preserving filter that synchronously regenerates a low-power\nnarrowband optical tone that could relax the requirements on very-high-order\nmodulation signaling and be useful in long-baseline interferometry for\nprecision optical timing or reconstructing a reference tone for quantum-state\nmeasurements.\n
Effects of diastereoisomers of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate on cellular growth, sensitivity to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, and methylenetetrahydrofolate polyglutamate levels in HCT-8 cells. (1991)

We investigated the biological activities of the natural and unnatural diastereoisomers of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate [(6S)- and (6R)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu, respectively, both 99.99% pure], using a human ileocecal carcinoma cell line (HCT-8). Optimal cell growth could be supported by (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu at concentrations as low as 1 nM. (6R)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu did not support growth. Modulation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) and intracellular (6R)-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolates [(6R)-CH2H4PteGlun] pools by (6S)- and (6R)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu was determined with cells growing in 1 nM (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu. For the control cells, the concentration of FdUrd inhibiting growth by 50% was 179 nM and the total (6R)-CH2H4PteGlun was 2.3 pmol/10(6) cells. When cells were treated with (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu for 24 h, the 50% inhibition concentration of FdUrd decreased with increasing concentrations of (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu, and reached a plateau of 36 nM when (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu was greater than or equal to 1 microM. The total (6R)-CH2H4PteGlun pools were augmented by (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu dose dependently up to 6.8 pmol/10(6) cells at 1 microM (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu. (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu at 10 microM did not further increase the total (6R)-CH2H4PteGlun, but induced a marked shift in the polyglutamate chain length distribution, with an increase in tri- and tetra-, and a decrease in penta-, hexa-, and heptaglutamate. The down-shift of (6R)-CH2H4-PteGlun polyglutamate chain length observed after (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu treatment did not impair the modulation of FdUrd cytotoxicity. Thus shorter chain (6R)-CH2H4PteGlua (n = 3-4) function as well as longer ones (n = 5-7). (6R)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu, at 200 microM, had no effect on the cytotoxicity of FdUrd, the total (6R)-CH2H4PteGlun level, or chain length distribution in the presence or absence of additional (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu. These results suggest that the high plasma (6R)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu concentrations (up to 200 microM) achieved in patients following i.v. administration of high doses of (6R,S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu probably do not have adverse effects on the modulation of antitumor activity of FdUrd or 5-fluorouracil. Since the optimal dose and schedule of (6S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu for modulation of fluoropyrimidines may vary from one cell type to another, introducing high doses of (6R,S)-5-HCO-H4PteGlu in patients so that the plasma concentration of the natural isomer reaches 10 microM is still recommended.
History of Malaria in the United States Naval Forces at War: World War I Through the Vietnam Conflict (1993)

Malaria has had a major influence on military campaigns for thousands of years. In this paper we summarize the experience of U.S. Navy and Marine forces with malaria during wars of the twentieth century. During World War I, there were 4,746 new cases of malaria, 68,373 sick-days because of malaria, and 7 deaths due to malaria; during World War II, there were 113,256 new cases, 3,310,800 sick-days, and 90 deaths; and during the Korean War, there were 4,542 new cases, 50,924 sick-days, and no deaths--since most infections were with Plasmodium vivax. During the Vietnam War, there were 24,606 cases of malaria, an estimated 391,965 sick-days because of malaria, and 46 deaths due to malaria. With the worldwide resurgence of malaria, the spread of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum, the emergence of chloroquine-resistant P. vivax, and the increasing resistance of Anopheles mosquitoes to insecticides, malaria continues to be an enormous threat to U.S. Navy and Marine Corps personnel deployed to the tropics and subtropics.
Identification of genes that are differentially expressed in extraocular and limb muscle (2000)

The extraocular muscles (EOM) are anatomically and physiologically distinct from other striated muscles in mammals. Among other differences, they can be driven to generate individual twitch contractions at an extremely high frequency and are resistant to [Ca(2+)]-induced myonecrosis. While EOM are preferentially targeted in some neuromuscular diseases such as myasthenia gravis and congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles, they are enigmatically spared in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy, despite the widespread damage seen in all other skeletal muscle groups during the course of this disease. To address the molecular mechanisms that specify the EOM-phenotype, we characterized the transcriptional profile of genes expressed in rat EOM versus limb muscle using a differential display strategy. Ninety-five putative differentially expressed cDNA tags were cloned, from which fourteen were confirmed as being differentially expressed by RNA slot blot and Northern blot analysis. Ten of these cDNAs were homologous to known human or murine genes and ESTs, while four genes that were upregulated in EOM were novel, and have been named expressed in ocular muscle (eom) 1-4. The identification of these differentially expressed genes may provide mechanistic clues toward understanding the unique patho-physiological phenotype of EOM.
Cervical Carcinoma Antigens in the Diagnosis of Human Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Cervix<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1981)

The use of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) in the diagnosis of human squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix was evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of second cervical scrapes and touch preparations of normal and carcinomatous tissue. Rabbit antisera, prepared against human cervical squamous cell carcinoma homogenates and absorbed with normal human cervix and plasma, were used to stain 103 second cervical scrapes by indirect immunofluorescence. Of these specimens, 59 were positive by immunofluorescence, whereas the remaining 44 were negative. Compared with conventional cytologic diagnosis, positive immunofluorescence was detected in 100% (49/49) of the second scrapes from patients with cervical dysplasia or carcinoma (for a false-negative rate of zero). Of the second cervical scrapes from 57 patients negative by cytology, 13 were positive by immunofluorescence (for a false-positive rate of 22.8%). Indirect immunofluorescence tests on tumor touch preparations also revealed cervical TAA in other types of gynecologic tumors.
A model-based approach to the automatic extraction of linear features from airborne images (2001)

The authors describe a model-based method for the automatic extraction of linear features, like roads and paths, from aerial images. The paper combines and extends two earlier approaches for road detection in SAR satellite images and presents the modifications needed for the application domain of airborne image analysis together with representative results.
Assimilation of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Requires Periplasmic AphA Phosphatase in<i>Salmonella enterica</i> (2005)

Salmonella enterica can obtain pyridine from exogenous nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) by three routes. In route 1, nicotinamide is removed from NMN in the periplasm and enters the cell as the free base. In route 2, described here, phosphate is removed from NMN in the periplasm by acid phosphatase (AphA), and the produced nicotinamide ribonucleoside (NmR) enters the cell via the PnuC transporter. Internal NmR is then converted back to NMN by the NmR kinase activity of NadR. Route 3 is seen only in pnuC* transporter mutants, which import NMN intact and can therefore grow on lower levels of NMN. Internal NMN produced by either route 2 or route 3 is deamidated to nicotinic acid mononucleotide and converted to NAD by the biosynthetic enzymes NadD and NadE.
4-Hydroxymethyl-1-(2,3,4,6-tetra-<i>O</i>-acetyl-β-<scp>D</scp>-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,3-triazole (2006)

The structure of the title compound, C17H23N3O10, (2), has been determined as part of our investigation into the synthetic utility of the glucosyl triazole unit in carbohydrate chemistry. Compound (2) was synthesized by the 1,3-dipolar cyclo­addition reaction of propargyl alcohol with 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl azide under conditions which afforded (2) exclusively with complete retention of anomeric stereochemistry. The six-membered carbohydrate ring adopts a chair conformation. The non-H substituents are located in equatorial positions.