gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of proton‐conducting crosslinked diblock copolymer membranes (2007)

Abstract The synthesis and properties of crosslinked diblock copolymers for use as proton‐conducting membranes are presented. A polystyrene‐ b ‐poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) diblock copolymer at 56 : 44 wt % was sequentially synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization. The poly(hydroxyl ethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) block was thermally crosslinked by sulfosuccinic acid (SA) via the esterification reaction between OH of PHEMA and COOH of SA. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transfer infrared spectra revealed the successful synthesis of the diblock copolymer and the crosslinking reaction under the thermal condition of 120°C for 1 h. The ion‐exchange capacity continuously increased from 0.25 to 0.98 mequiv/g with increasing SA concentration because of the increasing number of charged groups in the membrane. However, the water uptake increased up to an SA concentration of 7.6 wt %, above which it decreased monotonically (maximum water uptake ∼ 27.6%). The membrane also exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 0.045 S/cm at an SA concentration of 15.2 wt %. The maximum behavior of the water uptake and proton conductivity with respect to the SA concentration was considered to be due to a competitive effect between the increase of ionic sites and the crosslinking reaction according to the SA concentration. All the membranes were thermally quite stable at least up to 250°C, presumably because of the block‐copolymer‐based, crosslinked structure of the membranes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Taxonomic study of neutrotolerant acidophilic actinomycetes isolated from soil and description of Streptomyces yeochonensis sp. nov. (2004)

Acidophilic actinomycete strains that represent the two major neutrotolerant clusters defined by numerical taxonomy (Seong, 1992) were the subject of a polyphasic taxonomic study. The centrotypes of each cluster, designated as strain JL164 (=KCTC 9924) of cluster 21 and strain CN732T (=KCTC 9926T=IMSNU 50114T=NRRL B-24245T) of cluster 13, were assigned initially to the genus Streptomyces on the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics; this assignation was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence data. Strain CN732T formed a distinct phyletic line within the Streptomyces tree, whereas strain JL164 was related closely to the type strain of Streptomyces mirabilis. It is evident from the present and previous studies that neutrotolerant acidophilic actinomycetes comprise taxonomically diverse groups within the variation encompassed by the genus Streptomyces. It is also apparent that strain CN732T and other members of cluster 13 merit recognition as a novel species, for which the name Streptomyces yeochonensis sp. nov. is proposed.
Inhibition by ATP of Erythrocyte Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Variants (1973)

ATP is a competitive inhibitor of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Inhibition of the normal enzyme and the enzyme of six variants, four of them associated with nonspherocytic congenital hemolytic anemia was investigated. None of the variants manifested undue sensitivity to ATP inhibition. It is concluded that inhibition by physiologic levels of ATP is probably not a major factor in the pathogenesis of hemolysis in these variants.
Polarizing Films (2014)

High-quality mineral polarizers such as tourmaline and calcite-based Nicol prisms have been superseded by other methods of producing polarized light, most notably through the use of polarizing polymer films. Today, while both iodine and iodine-free polarized films are widely available, it is still the case that those incorporating iodine are regarded as being superior in terms of transmittance and polarization efficiency for the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Iodine has played an outstanding role in the production of polarized light. The origin of the commercial polarizing film is found in Herapath's 1852 paper in Philosophical Magazine. Iodine is no longer critical to the preparation of polarizers, of which there are now innumerable types depending on the wavelengths of interest and the applications. The phenomena of diffraction, interference, scattering, and nonnormal reflection and transmission have all been exploited to fashion practical light polarizers.
Determining the Length of H and Sheet Piles Using the Parallel Seismic Method (2008)

Many of the older bridges in the United States have no original contract documents available and about 26,000 bridges that are rated as scour critical have unknown foundation conditons. Thus, no information is available regarding the type, depth, geometry or material of these scour critical bridge foundations. The unknown bridge foundations pose a significant problem to bridge owners because of safety concerns. The Parallel Seismic (PS) method allows for easy and accurate determination of the foundation pile tip depth. The theory of the PS test method is presented herein. Several case studies for the Parallel Seismic method for determining the unknown depths of different types of foundations are summarized in this paper.
Hybrid Therapy for Metastatic Epidural Spinal Cord Compression: Technique for Separation Surgery and Spine Radiosurgery (2018)

Separation surgery is an effective, well-tolerated, and reproducible surgery. It provides safe margins for concomitant SRS. Combined, this "Hybrid Therapy" allows durable local control, maintenance of spinal stability, and palliation of symptoms, while minimizing operative morbidity.
Molecular-beam epitaxial growth of high quality, double channel AlGaAs/InGaAs pulse-doped pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (1992)

Pulse-doped pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistors with two InGaAs channels have been grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. Electrical measurements indicate that the two channels are contributing nearly equally to the conduction. The sheet density is approximately twice that of the single channel structure, and good electron mobilities are obtained. Shubnikov–de Haas measurements confirm the two dimensional transport in the structure. Direct current measurements on device structures exhibit a double peak in the transconductance, low source resistance, and a sharp pinch-off characteristic.
Performance of Micropropagated `Queen Elizabeth' Rose following Mechanically Induced Stress (1994)

Mechanically induced stress (shaking stress) applied during shoot multiplication (Stage II) or rooting (Stage III) of micropropagated `Queen Elizabeth' rose was evaluated to determine its effects on in vitro hardening. Shaking during Stage II did not alter the growth responses of the shoots before transfer to Stage III. Shaking during Stage III, at 150 rpm for 15 min daily for 2 weeks, only caused a reduction in leaf dry weights before transfer to soil. Automated shaking stress during Stages II or III did not apparently promote hardening of cultured plants or improve their ex vitro performance.
Storage ring cavity higher-order mode dampers for the Advanced Photon Source (2002)

Coaxial, mode selective higher-order mode dampers for the Advanced Photon Source storage ring cavities have been fabricated and tested. Two types of dampers will be employed. Electric field probe dampers are positioned in the equatorial plane of the cavity so as to not couple to the fundamental TM/sub 01/ accelerating mode. Additionally, two magnetic field probe dampers with quarter-wavelength stub rejection filters are positioned in the cavity equatorial plane 90 degrees apart to facilitate dipole mode damping. Both damper types use a vacuum compatible, aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramic RF absorber as the matched load. Measurements were made to optimize the frequency response of the tapered absorber. The design eliminates the need for a ceramic vacuum window.
D-cluster formation and routing in mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

A mobile ad hoc network may be logically represented as a set of clusters. The clusterheads form a dominating set, and can be used to perform a variety of functions for nodes in their cluster like channels access, routing, etc. Previous heuristics restricted themselves to 1-hop clusters and were sequential in nature. This paper generalizes 1-hop clustering to a d-hop clustering problem. The value of d, a constant, is a parameter of the heuristic and governs the size of the clusters. First, we present a distributed and concurrent heuristic which allows all nodes to form d-clusters in a wireless mobile ad hoc network. When the heuristic terminates, a node either becomes a clusterhead, or is at most d wireless hops away from its clusterhead. An inherent characteristic of the heuristic is that it tries to generate clusters that are roughly the same size, thereby evenly distributing the load on the clusterheads (load-balancing). The heuristic also tends to re-elect existing clusterheads even when the network configuration changes (stability). This helps to reduce the communication overhead associated with transitions from old clusterheads to new clusterheads. The heuristic can be run either at regular intervals, or whenever the network configuration changes. Next, we propose a load-balancing heuristic that allows all nodes in the network to become clusterheads in time. Thus, the heuristic is fair and stable. Then we present a multi-hop routing protocol to be used with this clustering heuristic. Simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed heuristic generates exactly the same number of clusterheads as [7], in fewer rounds of messages: O( d) rounds for the proposed heuristic compared to O( n) time slots for [7], where n is the number of nodes in the network.
Fetal Endothelial Colony Forming Cells from pregnancies complicated by intrauterine growth restriction have reduced vasculogenic capacity (2012)

Background Diminished numbers of ECFCs may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a pregnancy complication associated with neonatal morbidity and mortality and long‐term sequelae, including CVD. We hypothesized that fetal ECFCs from human IUGR pregnancies would be fewer in number and exhibit altered vasculogenic potential. Methods Cord blood from uncomplicated and IUGR pregnancies were collected at delivery. ECFCs were counted by flow cytometry using discriminators: 7AAD‐/CD31bright/CD45‐/KDR+/CD34+. Vasculogenic potential was investigated by implanting collagen matrices populated with ECFCs into adult immuno‐deficient mice. Results ECFC numbers were 67% lower in IUGR cord blood vs. controls (P<0.001), and exhibited a 71% longer doubling time (P=0.01). Blood vessel formation was reduced in collagen implants populated with IUGR‐derived ECFCs. In vitro, hypoxia (1% O 2 , 72h) induced‐ECFC senescence, and IUGR cells were more susceptible (P<0.05). Finally, IUGR‐derived ECFCs showed a 61% reduction in MMP‐2 release under hypoxic conditions (P<0.001). Conclusion ECFCs from IUGR cord blood have intrinsic functional alterations, resulting in diminished vasculogenic potential and increased susceptibility to hypoxia. Supported by grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Wellcome Trust.
DrImpute: Imputing dropout events in single cell RNA sequencing data (2017)

Abstract The single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technique began a new era by allowing the observation of gene expression at the single cell level. However, there is also a large amount of technical and biological noise. Because of the low number of RNA transcriptomes and the stochastic nature of the gene expression pattern, there is a high chance of missing nonzero entries as zero, which are called dropout events. However, many statistical methods used for analyzing scRNA-seq data in cell type identification, visualization, and lineage reconstruction do not model for dropout events. We have developed DrImpute to impute dropout events, and it improves many of the statistical tools used for scRNA-seq analysis that do not account for dropout events. Our numerical studies with real data demonstrate the promising performance of the proposed method, which has been implemented in R.
Analysis of a High-Speed Flexible Four-Bar Linkage: Part I—Formulation and Solution (1989)

Derived from the principle of virtual displacement, a general finite element analysis computer code (FEMAP) of the flexible four-bar linkage is developed on the Apollo computer. In this part, virtual displacement method is presented as a basic theory for the general formulation of the equations of motion. Based on these results, a general finite element computer code of planar four-bar linkage is developed. All the links of the mechanism are considered to be flexible. The nonlinear terms such as coupling between the rigid body and elastic deformation terms and the effect of the axial forces are included. The Newmark direct integration method is used as solution scheme.
Online medical symbol recognition using a Tablet PC (2010)

In this paper we describe a scheme to enhance the usability of a Tablet PC's handwriting recognition system by including medical symbols that are not a part of the Tablet PC's symbol library. The goal of this work is to make handwriting recognition more useful for medical professionals accustomed to using medical symbols in medical records. To demonstrate that this new symbol recognition module is robust and expandable, we report results on both a medical symbol set and an expanded symbol test set which includes selected mathematical symbols.
Applications and fabrication of subwavelength gratings (2002)

Subwavelength gratings are being developed for commercial applications, in particular polarisers, antireflection surfaces and resonant filters for the visible and NIR. Prototyping, production and design using experimentally realistic profiles will be discussed.
Bulk vortex matter in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Sr</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>CaCu</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>8</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>using Corbinol disk contacts (2005)

We have studied bulk vortex properties in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{8+\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (BSCCO) using transport measurements with a unique Corbino disk contact geometry. This Corbino disk contact geometry allows us to measure true bulk vortex properties free from surface barrier effects. The investigated vortex properties include current-induced vortex dissipation in the vortex liquid and vortex solid phases, vortex matter phase transition (vortex lattice melting transition), and vortex correlation along the $c$ axis of BSCCO. No discrepancy is found between our measurements and others measurements using the conventional four-probe contact geometry, which renders vortex transport properties susceptible to the Bean-Livingston surface barrier effect. We conclude that the sample bulk vortex matter properties determine the vortex transport behaviors in BSCCO.
Quantitative Measurement ofBranched Flowby Externally Placed Radioisotope Detectors (1959)

Itshould benoted that inusing thedyedilution formula, Thisnewmethod isbased ontheworkofPrinzmetal, thecurves obtained aresimilar andreflect cardiac output etal., andothersl-3 whofound that thechronological changesnomatter whatartery isusedforthis determination. Organ incounting rate asmonitored fromthechest wallcould be blood flowcansimilarly bedetermined bythis method if usedtoestimate cardiac output. Intravenously injected thedyeisinjected into theorgan's artery andspecimens radioactive sodium andlater radioiodinated albumin were arethencollected fromitsvein. Whenradioactivity is usedbythemforthis purpose. We haveadopted this basicmeasured overanorgan, alltheradioactive indicator inworksothat itisalso possible todetermine peripheral or-jected intotheorganismeasured, notmerely concentraganblood flow whenthetimeactivity curve fromthepe- tion. Thegreater theradioactivity injected into theorgan, ripheral organismonitored simultaneously tothecardiac thegreater theareaofthetimeactivity curve enscribed. time activity curve.
Impact of Mitral Regurgitation on Reverse Remodeling and Outcome in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (2011)

Early reversal of functional MR was associated with reverse cardiac remodeling and improved outcomes. Patients with moderately severe to severe MR before CRT experienced relatively more reverse remodeling than patients with lesser degrees of MR.
Recognition of phlorizin by the carriers of sucrose and hexose in broad bean leaves (1987)

Phlorizin (1‐[2‐(β‐ d ‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐4, 6‐dihydroxyphenyl]‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐propanone) is a well‐known non‐transported inhibitor of glucose uptake in animal cells. The effects of this compound were studied on the transmembrane potential difference (PD) of broad bean ( Vicia faba L. cv. Aguadulce) mesophyll cells, and on the uptake of amino acids and sugars by the leaf tissues. Phlorizin (5 m M ) induced a marginal depolarization (7 to 10 mV) of the normal PD (‐140 mV), and a slight decrease in the uptake of glycine and serine. By contrast, phlorizin induced a stronger inhibition of the uptake of glucose and 3–O‐methylglucose, and more particularly of sucrose uptake and phloem loading. In tissues aged for 12 h, 5 m M phlorizin inhibited the absorption of sucrose from a 1 m M solution by 70%. Kinetic experiments demonstrated that phlorizin acted as a competitive inhibitor for the sucrose carrier and for the hexose carrier. Efflux experiments showed that the counter‐exchange of sucrose and of 3–O‐methylglucose was also phlorizin‐sensitive. Overall, the data show that phlorizin is recognized by the hexose carrier and, more efficiently, by the sucrose carrier of the material investigated, but that it is not transported across the membrane.
The mechanisms of thermal decomposition of dialkylbis(triethylphosphine)-platinum (II) complexes (1981)

Article The mechanisms of thermal decomposition of dialkylbis(triethylphosphine)-platinum (II) complexes was published on January 1, 1981 in the journal Pure and Applied Chemistry (volume 53, issue 1).
Reproducibility of quantitative CT brain perfusion measurements in patients with symptomatic unilateral carotid artery stenosis. (2007)

MTT is the most reproducible CTP parameter in patients with unilateral symptomatic CAS. Measurement variability in CBV and CBF can be improved if CTP ratios instead of CTP values are used. The MCA territory shows the least measurement variability.
Imaging the bio-distribution of molecular probes using multispectral cryoslicing imaging (2010)

We report the development of a novel multispectral imaging system that is capable of creating μm-resolution three dimensional color and fluorescence volumes of optical agents bio-distribution in small animals and organs using epi-illumination fluorescence imaging.
The Impact of Liver Transplantation on Health-Related Quality of Life (1999)

755 Health-related quality of life (HRQL) has become an important outcome for liver transplantation (OLT). AIMS: 1. To measure HRQL pre and post-transplantation 2. To determine the effects of clinico-demographic factors on HRQL. 3. To assess the effect of HRQL on resource utilization. DESIGN: Generic (SF-36) and liver-specific questionnaires (Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire or CLDQ) were administered at baseline and every 3 months post-OLT. HRQL was reported as SF-36 Mental Component Summary scale (MCS), Physical Component Summary scale (PCS) and overall CLDQ scores. Clinical, demographic, galactose elimination capacity (GEC) and laboratory data were recorded. Liver transplant candidates' pre-OLT scores were compared to those of general population and patients with CHF and COPD. Total cost per case (TCPC) and length of stay (LOS) were used to assess resource utilization. RESULTS: 37 OLT candidates were evaluated, 25 male, age:50.2±12, Child's class A=3, B=30, C=4 and GEC=277±81.2. Over 10 months of follow up, ten patients underwent OLT. 1. In patients waiting for OLT, HRQL scores were significantly lower than COPD, CHF and general population. Gender, age, GEC and etiology of liver disease did not have further impact on HRQL. There was a significant inverse correlation between some aspects of HRQL and worsening Child-Pugh score. 2. Of 10 OLT recipients, all aspects of HRQL scores at 3 months post-OLT showed significant improvement. In these patients, 3 months post-OLT mental health scores (CLDQ and SF-36) were similar to normal population. 3. There was an inverse correlation between post-OLT MCS, PCS and CLDQ scores and TCPC (−0.73, −0.70 and −0.63 respectively, p≤0.05). A rapid improvement in CLDQ scores only (3 months post-OLT) was associated with lower TCPC (−0.67, p=0.05). No associations were seen between HRQL and LOS. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Liver transplant candidates have severely impaired HRQL. 2. Substantial improvement in HRQL is seen 3 months post-OLT. 3. This early HRQL improvement is associated with lower TCPC. (Figure)Figure
Multicore programming in pMatlab using distributed arrays (2008)

Matlab is one of the most commonly used languages for scientific computing with approximately one million users worldwide. Many of the programs written in matlab can benefit from the increased performance offered by multicore processors and parallel computing clusters. The Lincoln pMatlab library (http://www.ll.mit.edu/pMatlab) allows high performance parallel programs to be written quickly using the distributed arrays programming paradigm. This talk provides an introduction to distributed arrays programming and will describe the best programming practices for using distributed arrays to produce programs that perform well on multicore processors and parallel computing clusters. These practices include understanding the concepts of parallel concurrency vs. parallel data locality, using Amdahl's Law, and a well defined design-code-debug-test process for parallel codes.