gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Circadian clocks, brain function, and development (2013)

Circadian clocks are temporal interfaces that organize biological systems and behavior to dynamic external environments. Components of the molecular clock are expressed throughout the brain and are centrally poised to play an important role in brain function. This paper focuses on key issues concerning the relationship among circadian clocks, brain function, and development, and discusses three topic areas: (1) sleep and its relationship to the circadian system; (2) systems development and psychopathology (spanning the prenatal period through late life); and (3) circadian factors and their application to neuropsychiatric disorders. We also explore circadian genetics and psychopathology and the selective pressures on the evolution of clocks. Last, a lively debate is presented on whether circadian factors are central to mood disorders. Emerging from research on circadian rhythms is a model of the interaction among genes, sleep, and the environment that converges on the circadian clock to influence susceptibility to developing psychopathology. This model may lend insight into effective treatments for mood disorders and inform development of new interventions.
Severe pulmonary hypertension: a frequent complication of stem cell transplantation for malignant infantile osteopetrosis (2003)

This report describes eight infants who developed acute severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) at days -2 to +89 after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) for malignant infantile osteopetrosis (MIOP). They were taken from a total of 28 children (frequency 29%) transplanted for this disease at three institutions between 1996 and 2002. Typical presentations were acute dyspnoea, hypoxia and brady/tachycardia usually in the absence of fever, crepitations or other evidence of infection. Six patients (75%) required assisted ventilation and five (62%) died. There was clinical or pathological evidence of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) in three children, but absence of VOD in the remaining five suggests that a separate disease process may be responsible for the PAH. Responses to nitric oxide (NO), defibrotide (DF), nicardipine and steroids in varying combinations were disappointing. Three children showed sustained improvement after administration of epoprostenol (EP, prostacyclin) in conjunction with NO and/or DF and remain well and free of PAH 25, 31 and 32 months post-transplant. PAH must therefore be excluded in any child who becomes acutely breathless after SCT for osteopetrosis.
Forging with optimal back-pressure profile using sequential approximate optimization (2014)

This paper proposes a method for determining optimal back-pressure profile in forging using a sequential approximate optimization (SAO). In forging, it is important to minimize an unfilled area for improving the product quality. To achieve this objective, we consider that back-pressure profile that varied through the stroke is valid. Unfortunately, the optimal back-pressure profile is unknown in advance, and large forming energy is generally required to obtain the high product quality. In order to determine the optimal back-pressure profile, this problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization. Thus, the unfilled area is taken as the first objective function, and the forming energy is also taken as the second one. Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is used, but the numerical simulation in the forging is so expensive that the SAO using the radial basis function network is adopted. The pareto-frontier is identified with a small number of simulation runs. In this paper, the axial symmetric forward extrusion of aluminum alloy is used as the forming model. First, the experiment is carried out to construct the finite element analysis model. Using this model, the pareto-frontier is identified. To examine the validity of the optimal back-pressure profile, the experiment using the servo press is conducted. Through the numerical simulation and the experiment, we can confirm that the product quality is improved with the optimal back-pressure profile.
Enhancement of VCSEL Performances Using Localized Copper Bonding Through Silicon Vias (2017)

We report on a new cost effective, with a low temperature budget and simple bonding process on silicon, presenting efficient heat spreading and great potentialities in integration. This process is based on a thick electro-plated copper bonding layer through silicon vias and is expected to reduce significantly the bonded device internal temperature. We apply this process to realize 1.55-μm emitting vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. We demonstrate continuous wave operation from room temperature up to 55 °C, an internal temperature reduction of 13 °C, and we estimate a decrease of 30% of the overall device thermal impedance.
Best Available Technology for Emission Reduction of Small 4S-SI-Engines (1999)

<span class="label">1</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Small off-road 4-stroke SI-engines have extraordinarily high pollutant emissions. These must be curtailed to comply with the new Swiss clean air act LRV 98. The Swiss environmental protection agency (BUWAL) investigated the state of the technology. The aim was a cleaner agricultural walk behind mower with a 10kW 4-stroke SI-engine. Two engine designs were compared: side-valve and OHV.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A commercially available 3-way catalytic converter system substantially curtailed emissions: In the ISO 8178 G test-cycle-average, HC was minimized to 8% and CO to 5% of raw emissions. At part load points, the residual emission was &lt; 1%. Simultaneously, fuel consumption improved 10%. Using a special gasoline (Swiss standard SN 181 163), the aromatic hydrocarbons were curtailed, e.g. Benzene &lt; 1%, and fuel consumption further improved. Those results were confirmed in field tests. The engine is approved for retrofitting. Disquieting are the high emissions of ultrafine particulates: the catalytic converter only minimizes the volatile but not the solid particulates.</div>
Dermatomyositis associated with the presence of parvovirus B19 DNA in muscle (2000)

We report a case of dermatomyositis associated with molecular evidence of parvovirus B19 DNA in two muscle biopsies collected 5 months apart. IgG- but not IgM-specific antibodies were detected in serum. None of four serum samples was positive for parvovirus B19 DNA. The two biopsies contained B19 VP1 sequences and the second one was also positive for NS1. This is the first report of viral parvovirus B19 DNA in muscle of a patient with dermatomyositis. Latent muscle infection may contribute to the clinical picture.
Quantitative determination of tubulin by radioimmunoassay (1977)

Smartness in contemporary society implies the use of massive data to improve the experience of people with connected services and products. The use of big data to collect information about people’s behaviours opens a new concept of “user-centred design” where users are remotely monitored, observed and profiled. In this paradigm, users are considered as sources of information and their participation in the design process is limited to a role of data generators. There is a need to identify methodologies that actively involve people and communities at the core of ecosystems of interconnected products and services. Our contribution to designing for social innovation in ecosystems relies on developing new methods and approaches to transform data-driven design using a participatory and co-creative data-enabled design approach. To this end, we present one of the methods we have developed to design “smart” systems called Experiential Design Landscapes (EDL), and two sample projects, Social Stairs and [Y]our Perspective. Social Stairs faces the topic of behaviour change mediated by sensing technologies. [Y]our Perspective is a social platform to sustain processes of deliberative democracy. Both projects exemplify our approach to data-enabled design as a social proactive participatory design approach. Smartness in contemporary society implies the use of massive data to improve the experience of people with connected services and products. The use of big data to collect information about people’s behaviours opens a new concept of “user-centred design” where users are remotely monitored, observed and profiled. In this paradigm, users are considered as sources of information and their participation in the design process is limited to a role of data generators. There is a need to identify methodologies that actively involve people and communities at the core of ecosystems of interconnected products and services. Our contribution to designing for social innovation in ecosystems relies on developing new methods and approaches to transform data-driven design using a participatory and co-creative data-enabled design approach. To this end, we present one of the methods we have developed to design “smart” systems called Experiential Design Landscapes (EDL), and two sample projects, Social Stairs and [Y]our Perspective. Social Stairs faces the topic of behaviour change mediated by sensing technologies. [Y]our Perspective is a social platform to sustain processes of deliberative democracy. Both projects exemplify our approach to data-enabled design as a social proactive participatory design approach.
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Insights from a Surrogate in vivo Assay System (2002)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are multipotent cells that have been isolated from the bone marrow of multiple species that can be induced to differentiate into at least bone, cartilage, and adipose tissue in vitro. Using a model of in utero cellular transplantation in which human MSC are transplanted into fetal lambs, we have shown that MSC can engraft in multiple tissues and persist for over one year. Furthermore, these cells can differentiate into cardiac and skeletal myocytes, bone marrow stromal cells, adipocytes, thymic epithelial cells, and chondrocytes. These observations lend support to the potential utility of MSC for cellular and/or gene therapy in the treatment of a variety of congenital or acquired diseases such as osteogenesis imperfecta, muscular dystrophy, lysosomal storage diseases, and for enhancement of bone marrow transplantation.
Defective trafficking and cell death is characteristic of skin disease-associated connexin 31 mutations (2002)

Distinct germline mutations in the gene (GJB3) encoding connexin 31 (Cx31) underlie the skin disease erythrokeratoderma variabilis (EKV) or sensorineural hearing loss with/without peripheral neuropathy. Here we describe a number of functional analyses to investigate the effect of these different disease-associated Cx31 mutants on connexon trafficking and intercellular communication. Immunostaining of a biopsy taken from an EKV patient harbouring the R42P mutation revealed sparse epidermal staining of Cx31, and, when present, it had a perinuclear localization. Transfection and microinjection studies in both keratinocytes and fibroblast cell lines also demonstrated that R42P and four other EKV-associated mutant Cx31 proteins displayed defective trafficking to the plasma membrane. The deafness/neuropathy only mutant 66delD had primarily a cytoplasmic localization, but some protein was visualized at the plasma membrane in a few transfected cells. Both 66delD- and R32W-Cx31/EGFP proteins had significantly impaired dye transfer rates compared to wild-type Cx31/EGFP protein. A striking characteristic feature observed with the dominant skin disease Cx31 mutations was a high incidence of cell death. This was not observed with wild-type, R32W 66delD Cx31 proteins. In conclusion, we have identified some key cellular phenotypic differences with respect to disease-associated Cx31 mutations.
Application of real-time monitoring to scheduling tasks with random execution times (2003)

A real-time monitor is employed to aid in scheduling tasks with random execution times in a real-time computing system. Scheduling algorithms are usually based on the worst-case execution time (WET) of each task. Due to data-dependent loops and conditional branches in each program and resource-sharing delay during execution, this WET is usually difficult to obtain and could be several orders of magnitude larger than the true execution time. Thus, scheduling tasks based on WET could result in a severe underutilization of CPU cycles and underestimation of the system's schedulability. To alleviate this problem, a real-time monitor is proposed for use as a scheduling aid. The real-time monitor is composed of dedicated hardware, called test and measurement processors (TMPs), used to measure with minimal interference the true execution time, which consists of the pure execution time and resource-sharing delay. The monitor, a permanent and transparent part of a real-time system, degrades system performance by less than 0.1% and does not interfere with the host system's execution. Using the measured pure execution time and resource-sharing delay for each task, a mechanism which reduces the discrepancy between the WET and the estimated execution time has been developed. This result is then used to decide at the earliest possible time whether a task can meet its deadline.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of NSAIDs on Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> exchanger activity in rat colonic crypts (2013)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 1) are widely recommended for several acute and chronic conditions. For example, both indomethacin and aspirin are taken for pain relief. Aspirin is also used for prevention of myocardial infarction, and indomethacin can be administered orally or as a suppository for patients with rheumatoid disease and other chronic inflammatory states. However, use of NSAIDs can cause damage to the mucosal barrier surrounding the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, increasing the risk of ulcer formation. While microencapsulation of NSAIDs has been shown to reduce upper GI injury, sustained release in the lower GI tract and colon may cause epithelial erosion due to increased acidification. The use of suppositories has also been linked to rectal and lower GI bleeding. In this study, we investigated the role of NSAIDs aspirin and indomethacin on Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger (NHE) activity in rat colonic crypts. By comparing average rates of pH recovery between control and NSAID perfusion runs, we were able to determine that both aspirin and indomethacin increase hydrogen extrusion into the colonic lumen. Through treatment with 5-ethylisopropyl amiloride (EIPA), amiloride, and zoniporide dihydrochloride, we further demonstrated that indomethacin specifically enhances proton excretion through regulation of apical NHE-3 and NHE-2 and to a lesser extent on basolateral NHE-1 and NHE-4. Our results suggest that clinical exposure to NSAIDs may affect colonic tissue at the site of selected NHE isoforms, resulting in modulation of transport and barrier function.
<title>Qualitative comparison of concurrent vertical optical turbulence profiles from an aircraft and balloons over White Sands Missile Range</title> (1999)

We report simultaneous balloon-borne thermosonde/airborne constant-current anemometer measurements made over a portion of White Sands Missile Range, NM. For the first time, vertical profiles of the refractive index structure parameter (C<SUB>n</SUB><SUP>2</SUP>) data generated from shallow slant aircraft flight paths are compared to the balloons vertical C<SUB>n</SUB><SUP>2</SUP> distributions. We discuss possible adverse effects of meteorology and atmospheric velocity fluctuations. We present conclusions and make recommendations for future similar experimental efforts.
10-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-2-(Trifluoromethyl)-phenothiazine Hydrochloride (VESPRIN<sup>1</sup>) and Related Compounds. I (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT10-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-2-(Trifluoromethyl)-phenothiazine Hydrochloride (VESPRIN1) and Related Compounds. IHarry L. Yale, Francis Sowinski, and Jack BernsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 16, 4375–4379Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01573a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01573a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Anti-Angiogenic Effects of a Vegf Decoy Receptor Can Be Monitored In Vivo Using Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging (2014)

The development of anti-angiogenic therapies has stimulated interest in non-invasive imaging methods to monitor response. We investigated whether the effects of a vascular endothelial growth factor decoy receptor (VEGF Trap; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY) could be monitored in vivo using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Twenty nude mice (in two groups) were implanted with a human melanoma cell line (DB-1). The active group received VEGF Trap (4Ã25mg/kg over 2 weeks), while the control group received an inactive protein. An ultrasound contrast agent was injected followed by power Doppler imaging (PDI) and pulse inversion harmonic imaging (PIHI; regular and intermittent). Specimens were sectioned in the same planes as the images and stained for endothelial cells (CD31), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), VEGF and hypoxia (Glut1). Measures of tumor vascularity obtained with the different imaging modes were compared to immunohistochemical markers of angiogenesis. Mean tumor volume was smaller in the active than in the control group (656Â±225 vs 1160Â±605mm3). Overall, PDI and VEGF correlated (r=0.34; p=0.037). Vascularity decreased from control to treated mice with intermittent PIHI as did the expression of CD31 and COX-2 (pâ¤0.02), while VEGF increased (p=0.05). CEUS appears to allow in vivo monitoring of the anti-angiogenic effects of VEGF Trap in the DB-1 human melanoma xenograft model.
Analysis of the Asthmatic Patient (1936)

TREAFdisagreeing with her, so she had stopped them.Otherwise she was quite free from all symptoms.So this is a case of gastric ulcer occurring in a patient suffering from food allergy which was causing chronic sick- ness, vomiting, and epigastric pain.
The chromium–heavy group 5 donor bond: a comparison of structural changes within the series [Cr(CO)<sub>5</sub>(XPh<sub>3</sub>)](X = P, As, Sb, or Bi)via their X-ray crystal structures (1979)

Accurate X-ray data for [Cr(CO)5(XPh3)](X = As, Sb, or Bi) when compared with data for [Cr(CO)5PPh3] show significant variations in C–X–C and Cr–X–C bond angles as well as in Cr–X distances consistent with increasing s-orbital participation in Cr–X bonding down the series X = P ⩽ X = As < X = Sb < X = Bi.
Late Complications of Combined Radial and Transverse Keratotomy After Penetrating Keratoplasty Associated With Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis (1989)

A 31-year-old man underwent bilateral penetrating keratoplasties for keratoconus. He had intolerable anisometropia postoperatively, with high irregular myopic astigmatism in the left eye. He could not wear contact lenses. A combined radial keratotomy and transverse keratotomy were performed, resulting in improved visual acuity. One year post-operatively he developed rapid vascularization of two of the radial incisions. This was associated with an acute allograft rejection, graft failure, and progressive changes in corneal topography.
[Cyclic hydrazides. IV. Synthesis of 2-amino-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one]. (1978)

The synthesis of a number of derivatives of the 2-amino-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, substituted in position 3, 6 and 7 is described. No improvement of the antiinflammatory activity in comparison with the parent compound was observed.
Determining Propped Fracture Width from a New Tracer Technology (2009)

Abstract An accurate determination of propped fracture geometry will help optimize the benefits derived from a hydraulic fracturing treatment. While advancements in determining propped fracture height have been made recently, there has been no new technology introduced addressing the other aspects of propped fracture geometry. A new tracer technology has been recently introduced and field tested. This technology incorporates a non-radioactive tag into the coating of a resin coated proppant. The tagged proppant is non-hazardous and environmentally safe. The tagged proppant is activated (after it has been placed in the fracture) by a logging tool that contains a neutron source. The activated tag emits gamma rays at a characteristic energy level that can be detected by the logging tool. Analysis of the data (from the logging run) not only identifies the location of the tagged proppant, but can also be used to develop other valuable information including propped fracture width in the near wellbore region. The resin coated proppant containing the tag is manufactured in such a manner as to assure that the concentration of the tag in the coating is held at a constant throughout the coating process. Since the level of gamma ray emission is a function of the amount of tag irradiated by the logging tool, the count rate detected by the tool is proportional to both the concentration of the tag and the concentration of the tagged proppant that has been irradiated. Based on these factors, analysis of the logging data not only yields the location of the tagged proppant, but leads to a more accurate calculation of the propped fracture width as compared to previous methods. This paper will detail the test procedures and resulting data that contributed to the development of this new method to calculate propped fracture width. This method of propped fracture width calculation will then be applied to a variety of actual field applications of the tag technology. The calculated propped fracture width results from the field tests will be presented and discussed in detail.
Gesture controllers (2010)

We introduce gesture controllers , a method for animating the body language of avatars engaged in live spoken conversation. A gesture controller is an optimal-policy controller that schedules gesture animations in real time based on acoustic features in the user's speech. The controller consists of an inference layer, which infers a distribution over a set of hidden states from the speech signal, and a control layer, which selects the optimal motion based on the inferred state distribution. The inference layer, consisting of a specialized conditional random field, learns the hidden structure in body language style and associates it with acoustic features in speech. The control layer uses reinforcement learning to construct an optimal policy for selecting motion clips from a distribution over the learned hidden states. The modularity of the proposed method allows customization of a character's gesture repertoire, animation of non-human characters, and the use of additional inputs such as speech recognition or direct user control.