gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the antiferromagnet activity in exchange bias systems (2010)

In this work, we describe the results of a recent set of experimental measurements on samples of CoFe/IrMn ferromagnet/antiferromagnet (AF) bilayer exchange bias materials. Careful magnetic measurement protocols and detailed particle size measurements have enabled us to confirm the link between the exchange field (Hex) and the distribution of grain volumes in the IrMn AF layer. This can be achieved by fitting the blocking temperature curve to obtain an effective value for the Néel temperature (TN). The value of (TN) is then used to determine the stable and set fraction of the grain volume distribution. Through a comparison of samples with different seed layer structures, we demonstrate control of the exchange bias where almost all the AF grains contribute to Hex. These samples have an AF with a mean grain diameter of 8.7 nm and an anisotropy constant of 7.8×106 ergs/cc. Our results indicate a reduction in the value of the Néel temperature (TN) of up to 100 K.
Information structure in grammar (2011)

Contemporary research on information structure addresses two main topics: the content of information structure, and the development of models of grammar which account for interactions among information structure, syntax, and semantics. This chapter briefly deals with the first topic. It is not our goal here to evaluate theories of information structure in detail (for thorough overviews, see Vallduví 1992 and Erteschik-Shir 2007). Instead, we offer some observations on how information-structure roles are defined in what we consider to be the most articulated and coherent views of information structure. The literature on information structure contains a plethora of terms that overlap but are used in different and conflicting ways, and so one of our main aims is to provide explicit working definitions and terms for the concepts which we will assume, which can be used in further analysis. The second question, the place of information structure in our theory of grammar, will be addressed in Chapter 4.
An Ultra-Wide Range Digitally Adaptive Control Phase Locked Loop with New 3-Phase Switched Capacitor Loop Filter (2006)

Recently, a frequency of the operating clock in microprocessors has been required to be changed frequently and widely in order to manage power consumption and throughput. Recently, the widest span of the input frequency has reached 640 times. Although the large divider ratio of the feedback divider relaxes the variation by lowering the VCO gain, the variation of the charge pump current reaches 6400 times in using conventional methods. The new method moderates the variation by changing the gain of the VCO and the capacitance of the loop filter in addition to the charge pump current. Loop filters in the PLL have been evolving along with the improvement of adaptive-biased PLLs. Switched capacitor type loop filters (SC-LPFs) are tolerable to wide variation of the cutoff frequency and preferable for reducing the pattern jitter which appears remarkably on the PLL with high divider ratio. However, the conventional SC-LPF is slightly complex. Thus, the simple 3-phase SC-LPF which realizes the fully flat response has been developed
An atomically-resolved STM study of the thermal decomposition of disilane on Si(001) (1994)

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) has been used to study the adsorption and thermal dissociation of disilane (Si2H6) on the Si(OO1) surface. At low coverage, disilane adsorbs dissociatively to produce adsorbed SiH3 groups which are randomly distributed on the surface. STM images show that these SiH3 groups spontaneously dissociate into SiH2 and H within several minutes of adsorption at room temperature, and images depicting individual dissociation events have been obtained. Thermal annealing leads to diffusion and dissociation of the SiH2 groups through an intermediate which consists of a hydrogenated dimer which has its dimer axis parallel to those of the underlying substrate, instead of rotated. The structure and chemical identity of the intermediates are discussed in terms of the overall dissociation mechanism. Diffusion of hydrogen atoms leads to the formation of segregated surface phase of clean Si and the Si(001)-(2x1) monohydride structure, and bias-dependent STM imaging permits these species to be identified on a dimer-by-dimer basis. At low temperatures the monohydride distribution is non-statistical, showing a preference for flat terraces over small epitaxial islands. The diffusion, desorption, segregation of hydrogen and its role in blocking diffusion of silicon atom is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐TRYPTOQUIVALINE (1985)

Abstract Die Amine (I) reagieren mit den Benzoxazolinonen (II) zu den Kondensationsprodukten (III) und (IV), wobei (IV) nach Meerwein zu (III) cyclisiert werden kann.
THE PRESENCE OF AN α‐GALACTOSIDASE IN BRAIN AND ITS ROLE IN THE DEGRADATION OF THE DIGALACTOSYL DIGLYCERIDE OF BRAIN (1970)

Abstract— The presence of α‐galactosidase activity has been demonstrated in rat brain. This enzyme, located mainly in the crude mitochondrial fraction, actively hydrolysed the substrates p ‐nitrophenyl‐α‐galactoside and melibiose, and also catalysed the hydrolysis of digalactosyl diglyceride of both animal and plant origin. The hydrolysis of p ‐nitrophenyl‐α‐galactoside, as catalysed by the α‐galactosidase, occurred optimally at pH 4·9, showed an approximate K m of 1·0 × 10 −3 m , and was markedly inhibited by melibiose, galactose and the mercuric ion.
Dielectric Properties of PMMA/Soot Nanocomposites (2007)

Dielectric analysis (DEA) of relaxation behavior in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) soot nanocomposites is described herein. The soot, an inexpensive material, consists of carbon nanotubes, amorphous and graphitic carbon and metal particles. Results are compared to earlier studies on PMMA/multi-walled nanotube (MWNT) composites and PMMA/single-walled nanotube (SWNT) composites. The beta relaxation process appeared to be unaffected by the presence of the soot, as was noted earlier in nanotube composites. The gamma relaxation region in PMMA, normally dielectrically inactive, was "awakened" in the PMMA/soot composite. This occurrence is consistent with previously published data on nanotube composites. The dielectric permittivity, s', increased with soot content. The sample with 1% soot exhibited a permittivity (at 100 Hz and 25 degrees C) of 7.3 as compared to 5.1 for neat PMMA. Soot increased the dielectric strength, deltaE, of the composites. The 1% soot sample exhibited a dielectric strength of 6.38, while the neat PMMA had a value of 2.95 at 40 degrees C. The symmetric broadening term (alpha) was slightly higher for the 1% composite at temperatures near the secondary relaxation and near the primary relaxation, but all samples deviated from symmetrical semi-circular behavior (alpha = 1). The impact of the soot filler is seen more clearly in dielectric properties than in mechanical properties studies conducted earlier.
Immune complexes and IFN-γ decrease cholesterol 27-hydroxylase in human arterial endothelium and macrophages (2001)

The enzyme cholesterol 27-hydroxylase, expressed by arterial endothelium and monocytes/macrophages, is one of the first lines of defense against the development of atherosclerosis. By catalyzing the hydroxylation of cholesterol to 27-hydroxycholesterol, which is more soluble in aqueous medium, the enzyme promotes the removal of cholesterol from the arterial wall. Prior studies have suggested that immune reactants play a role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis; we report here that immune reactants, IFN-gamma and immune complexes bound to C1q, but not interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor, diminish the expression of cholesterol 27-hydroxylase in human aortic endothelial cells, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, monocyte-derived macrophages, and the human monocytoid cell line THP-1. In addition, our studies demonstrate that immune complexes down-regulate cholesterol 27-hydroxylase only after complement fixation via interaction with the 126-kD C1qRp protein on endothelial cells and THP-1 cells. These results are consistent with the prior demonstration that IFN-gamma contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and suggest a role for C1q receptors in the atherogenic process. Moreover, these observations suggest that one mechanism by which immune reactants contribute to the development of atherosclerosis is by down-regulating the expression of the enzymes required to maintain cholesterol homeostasis in the arterial wall.
Welcome to the fourth international workshop on search-driven development: Users, Infrastructures, Tools, and Evaluation (SUITE 2012) (2012)

The fourth international workshop on Search-driven Development - Users, Infrastructure, Tools, and Evaluation (SUITE 2010) focuses on exploring the notion of search as a fundamental activity during software development, and all aspects that are related with integrating search into software development workflows. Two primary observations encouraged us to start this workshop series. First, results from existing research show that developers spend majority of their time in searching for code. Furthermore, developers have to struggle with a myriad of additional information needs such as those that are related with design or requirements documents or even with the communication between the various stakeholders in a development project. Second, recently there has been considerable effort from both academia and industry in building specialized search tools for software developers, in particular large-scale code search engines.
COLLISION -AVOIDANCE MANEUVERS FOR A S ATELLITE PAIR FLYING IN TIGHT FORMATION (2009)

The Simbol-X astronomy mission has features that are interesting from the astrodynamical point of view because it is an example of satellite pair flying in a tight formation. The space segment consists of a mirror satellite and a detector satellite that must be kept at a distance of 20-30 m and along the desired line of sight from the mirror satellite during the observations of the X-ray astronomical sources. This station-keeping requirement implies an almost continual thrust control of the detector satellite to keep it at the desired location with respect to the mirror satellite that flies on a natural (quasi Keplerian) orbit. Moreover, this satellite formation flies on a highly eccentric orbit and, consequently, the classical Clohessy-Wiltshire solutions of the Hill equations do not apply. The closeness of the two satellites and the need for continual control put a great importance on evasive maneuvers to avoid possible collisions between the two satellites following temporary off-nominal conditions. This issue is solved by moving the detector satellite to a halo (parking) orbit in the proximity of the mirror satellite but a distance much greater than the one used during observations. There are various astrodynamical issues that need to be addressed: (a) the identification of natural halo orbits applicable to a high eccentricity situation for parking the detector satellite; (b) the computation of the ΔV vectors to impart to the detector satellite at the beginning and end of the transfer trajectory and (c) the definition of safe transfer trajectories for reaching the parking/safety orbit starting from initial conditions determined at the identification of the off-nominal situation. In this paper we utilize the Yamanaka-Ankersen transition matrix, which extends the Clohessy-Wiltshire solution to orbits with generic values of eccentricity, to identify parking orbits which are suitable for this case in which the reference satellite (i.e., mirror) has a very high eccentricity. We then show cases of safe transfer orbits starting from representative off-nominal conditions and compute the ΔV vectors required to achieve them. Finally, we discuss briefly the propulsion systems that might be suitable for implementing these collision-avoidance maneuvers.
Design and fabrication of a novel monolithic integration structure for un-cooled infrared focal plane array and readout IC (2011)

In this paper, a monolithic integration structure with TSV interconnections is introduced for un-cooled infrared FPA to do easy wafer-level-package. Firstly, the challenging process for making the structure will be reviewed and identified. And then process sequence for making the TSV interconnections and RDLs and CMOS compatible surface process for IR FPA will be developed. In the end, a WLP scheme will be developed to show the benefit of easy WLP.
Leifsonia poae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from nematode galls on Poa annua, and reclassification of 'Corynebacterium aquaticum' Leifson 1962 as Leifsonia aquatica (ex Leifson 1962) gen. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov. and Clavibacter xyli Davis et al. 1984 with two subspecies as Leifsonia xyli (Davis et al. 1984) gen. nov., comb. nov. (2000)

The new genus Leifsonia gen. nov. with two new species, Leifsonia poae sp. nov. (type strain VKM Ac-1401T) and Leifsonia aquatica (ex Leifson 1962) nom. rev., comb. nov. (the type species, with VKM Ac-1400T = DSM 20146T = JCM 1368T as type strain), is proposed to accommodate bacteria found in Poa annua root gall, induced by the nematode Subanguina radicicola, and 'Corynebacterium aquaticum' Leifson 1962. Further, it is proposed to reclassify Clavibacter xyli Davis et al. 1984 with two subspecies in the new genus as Leifsonia xyli (Davis et al. 1984) comb. nov., Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (Davis et al. 1984) comb. nov. and Leifsonia xyli subsp. cynodontis (Davis et al. 1984) comb. nov. Members of the proposed genus are characterized by coryneform morphology, peptidoglycans based upon 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, the major menaquinone MK-11, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as principal phospholipids, the high content of anteiso- and iso-branched saturated fatty acids, and a DNA G+C base composition of 66-73 mol%. They form a distinct phylogenetic branch attached to the line of descent of Agromyces spp. The new and reclassified species of the new genus clearly differ from each other phylogenetically and phenetically and can be recognized by their morphologies, the cell wall sugar composition, the requirement of complex media for growth, and numerous physiological characteristics, including the oxidase reaction.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon presenting as a mass in the mandible (2005)

Although rare, metastatic adenocarcinoma from the colon to the mandible and parotid area should be included in the differential diagnosis of masses in this area. After analysis of our case and a review of the literature, we conclude that metastasis from adenocarcinoma of the colon is quite rare and represents incurable disseminated disease.
(<i>Z</i>)-1-Aryl-1-haloalkenes as Intermediates in the Vilsmeier Haloformylation of Aryl Ketones (2003)

[reaction: see text] Vilsmeier reagents give (Z)-1-aryl-1-haloalkenes from aryl ketones bearing an electron-donating substituent at the ortho- or para-position. These haloalkenes are intermediates in the Vilsmeier haloformylation of the aryl ketones. Another reaction mechanistic pathway is thus available in certain Vilsmeier haloformylations, in competition with the commonly accepted route by way of an enaminoketone.
Relation Between Serum Phosphate Level and Cardiovascular Event Rate in People With Coronary Disease (2005)

We found a graded independent relation between higher levels of serum phosphate and the risk of death and cardiovascular events in people with prior myocardial infarction, most of whom had serum phosphate levels within the normal range. Given the ready availability and low cost of serum phosphate assays, this finding may prove clinically useful.
Heteroepitaxy of carbon on copper by high-temperature ion implantation (1991)

The recently reported carbon-ion-implantation-outdiffusion method [J. F. Prins and H. L. Gaigher, Mater. Res. Soc. Sym. Proc. (to be published, 1991)] of growing epitaxial diamond layers on copper was carefully examined. X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and transmission electron diffraction characterization of films prepared by implanting 200 keV carbon ions into (100), (110), (111), and (210) copper, held at temperatures of 850–1000 °C, showed that the films were invariably highly oriented crystalline graphite. No evidence has been found to support the claim that diamond was formed by this implantation-outdiffusion method.
Contactless heat flux control with photonic devices (2015)

The ability to control electric currents in solids using diodes and transistors is undoubtedly at the origin of the main developments in modern electronics which have revolutionized the daily life in the second half of 20th century. Surprisingly, until the year 2000 no thermal counterpart for such a control had been proposed. Since then, based on pioneering works on the control of phononic heat currents new devices were proposed which allow for the control of heat fluxes carried by photons rather than phonons or electrons. The goal of the present paper is to summarize the main advances achieved recently in the field of thermal energy control with photons.
AACR Annual Meeting 2008: Autophagy in the forefront of cancer research (2008)

The 2008 American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Annual Meeting was held in San Diego, CA, April 12-16, 2008 (http:// www.aacr.org/home/scientists/meetings--workshops/annual-meeting-2008.aspx). More than 17,000 scientists from 60 countries participated in this meeting that was organized by AACR, the oldest and largest organization in the world focused on cancer research. The scientific presentations included more than 6,000 abstracts and 500 invited talks on new and significant discoveries in basic, clinical, and translational cancer research. Autophagy, as pertaining to tumorigenesis and response to anticancer therapies, was undoubtedly a "hot topic" in this meeting. An educational session, a forum, a minisymposium and several other talks dispersed in different sessions had a strong focus on autophagy. All autophagy-related presentations were very well attended and stimulated lively discussions, clearly indicating that the scientific community is greatly interested in this rapidly-progressing area of research.
Activity of Lenalidomide in MDS Tied to Degradation of CSNK1A1 (2014)

This study identifies a potential mechanism of action for lenalidomide in del(5q) myelodysplastic syndrome and identifies a single nonconserved amino acid in mice and humans that determines lenalidomide susceptibility. The results may facilitate the development of improved preclinical models and reinforces the importance of haploinsufficient genes in the pathogenesis and treatment of disease.
Performance of a Partial Burst Retransmission Mechanism in OBS Networks (2005)

본 논문은 Optical Burst Switching(OBS) 네트워크상에서 버스트 부분 재전송 시그널링을 적용하여 버스트 층돌이 발생하였을 때 입구 노드에서 손실된 버스트 부분을 재전송하는 메커니즘을 제안하였다. 또한 버스트 부분 재전송 메커니즘을 확장한 광 자원 예약 방식을 기술하였다. 제안된 메커니즘을 사용함으로써 버스트 층돌로 인한 데이터손실을 OBS 계층에서 복원할 수 있고, 광 채널의 이용률을 높일 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 OBS 기능들을 NS2 시뮬레이터를 기반으로 구현하여 성능을 분석하였다 재전송을 위해 OBS 시그널링 기간동안 입구 노드에서 버스트를 저장함으로 인해서 필요로 되는 입구 노드 버퍼크기가 증가하는 대신 OBS 네트워크의 채널 이용률이 획기적으로 향상됨을 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해서 확인하였다. We investigate the effects on performance of using a partial retransmission mechanism in Optical Burst Switched(OBS) networks. In our scheme, the lost segments of a burst are retransmitted in the OBS layer. We also propose an optical resource reservation using the partial retransmission mechanism. Our scheme attempts to improve the burst contention resolution and optical channel utilization. The performance of the proposed mechanism is analyzed by NS2 simulations. Simulation results indicate that link utilization of the OBS network is improved makedly at the expense of signaling and ingress buffers.
Characterizing the mechanical properties of the aortic wall (2019)

Vessel Plus is an open acccess journal, which publishes articles related to vascular diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular or pulmonary vascular diseases, etc.
Single-Dose Pharmacokinetics of Intraperitoneal Ofloxacin in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (1993)

The present study examines the pharmacokinetics of ofloxacin given in a single dose of 200 mg intraperitoneally (ip) in the first bag of three 2-L 8-hour exchanges. Ofloxacin was measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the serum and peritoneal effluent over 24 hours. Six patients without and 3 patients with peritonitis were studied. Ofloxacin given ip was almost completely absorbed after an 8-hour dwell, and this was not affected by peritonitis. The time required to reach peak serum concentration was longer than that reported previously following oral administration. Elimination half-life (T1/2) of ofloxacin was markedly prolonged compared to patients with normal renal function. Peritoneal clearance accounted for only one-tenth of total serum clearance. Peritonitis appeared to shorten the T1/2 of ofloxacin, but this was mainly due to an increase in total serum clearance rather than a change in peritoneal clearance. Peritoneal drug concentration > 0.5 mg/L was reached in the second and third exchange by the second hour. No side effects from ip ofloxacin were observed. We concluded that ofloxacin given in a single dose of 200 mg is safe and provides adequate therapeutic serum and peritoneal concentration for more than 24 hours in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with 8-hour exchanges.
Novel organic/inorganic nanocomposite of polyethylene. I. Preparation via in situ polymerization approach (2001)

Abstract A novel methodology for the preparation of polyethylene/palygorskite, “in situ coordinated polymerization,” was proposed. A Ziegler–Natta catalyst was first supported on the surface of nanoscale crystal fibers of palygorskite and subsequently used to initiate ethylene polymerization on the surface of the fibers. The palygorskite was encapsulated by polyethylene and became reinforcement fibers of the composite. The palygorskite fibers were heat‐treated to remove water, to ensure that the supported titanium species possessed proper activity for the polymerization of ethylene. The effect of the conditions of heat‐treating, titanium‐supporting, and other factors such as temperature and type and amount of the cocatalyst on the initiation activity of the palygorskite fibers were investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1829–1837, 2001
Biological and Molecular Evidence for the Transgenosis of Genes from Bacteria to Plant Cells (1973)

Specialized transducing phages (lambda and varphi80) have been used as vectors in the transfer of genes (wild type and mutant) from the bacterium Escherichia coli to haploid cell lines of the plants Lycopersicon esculentum and Arabidopsis thaliana. The overall phenomenon of transfer, gene maintenance, transcription, translation, and function has been termed transgenosis. Transgenosis of galactose and lactose operon genes was detected by survival and growth of the plant cells on defined medium with galactose and lactose as sole sources of bulk carbon. Phages carrying a defective operon, unrelated bacterial genes, or no bacterial genes, do not affect the normal result of death on these media, nor do they prevent growth on optimal growth media. Transgenosis of the E. coli gene z (lac operon) was confirmed by a biochemical-immunological test specific for E. coli beta-galactosidase. Plant cells were unable to effectively suppress an E. coli nonsense mutation. The E. coli mutant suppressor gene, supF(+), specifies insertion of tyrosine at amber (UAG) nonsense codons. Introduction of supF(+) results in a lethal transgenosis on medium normally optimal for plant cell growth. It is concluded that amber codons are vital to the life of plant cells. Differentiating cells of A. thaliana were not affected by supF(+).