gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Constitutional thrombopathies: from the clinical description of rare diseases (Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard-Soulier syndrome) to the development of new antithrombotic agents]. (1998)

The study of exceptional thrombocytopathies has led to considerable progress in the understanding of normal and pathologic haemostasis. Thus, precise structure/function relationships were able to be established. The lack or the abnormalities of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex is responsible for the complete defect in platelet aggregation characterizing Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia, while the lack or the abnormalities of the glycoprotein Ib/IX/V complex is responsible for the defect in platelet adhesion to the subendothelium noted in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome. The bases for these abnormalities are now known at the molecular level. Recent data also underline the role of these glycoproteinic complexes as receptors for platelet activation; besides an involvement of the GPIIb/IIIa complex in adhesion and of the GPIb/IX/V complex in platelet aggregation, von Willebrand factor dependent, were newly evidenced. New antithrombotic agents directed against the GPIIb/IIIa complex are currently being tested in large clinical trials, especially in cardiovascular diseases. In the future, the inhibition of the GPIb-IX-V/von Willebrand factor axis should permit the development of a new class of antithrombotics, perhaps even more promising since they will act at the very early phases of primary hemostasis.
Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen identifies rationally designed combination therapies for <i>CRLF2-</i> rearranged Ph-like ALL (2021)

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) harboring the IgH-CRLF2 rearrangement (IgH-CRLF2-r) exhibits poor clinical outcomes and is the most common subtype of Philadelphia chromosome-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph-like ALL). While multiple chemotherapeutic regimens, including ruxolitinib monotherapy and/or its combination with chemotherapy, are being tested, their efficacy is reportedly limited. To identify molecules/pathways relevant for IgH-CRLF2-r ALL pathogenesis, we performed genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 dropout screens in the presence or absence of ruxolitinib using 2 IgH-CRLF2-r ALL lines that differ in RAS mutational status. To do so, we employed a baboon envelope pseudotyped lentiviral vector system, which enabled, for the first time, highly efficient transduction of human B cells. While single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting CRLF2, IL7RA, or JAK1/2 significantly affected cell fitness in both lines, those targeting STAT5A, STAT5B, or STAT3 did not, suggesting that STAT signaling is largely dispensable for IgH-CRLF2-r ALL cell survival. We show that regulators of RAS signaling are critical for cell fitness and ruxolitinib sensitivity and that CRKL depletion enhances ruxolitinib sensitivity in RAS wild-type (WT) cells. Gilteritinib, a pan-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks CRKL phosphorylation, effectively killed RAS WT IgH-CRLF2-r ALL cells in vitro and in vivo, either alone or combined with ruxolitinib. We further show that combining gilteritinib with trametinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, is an effective means to target IgH-CRLF2-r ALL cells regardless of RAS mutational status. Our study delineates molecules/pathways relevant for CRLF2-r ALL pathogenesis and could suggest rationally designed combination therapies appropriate for disease subtypes.
In vivo measurement of regional brain tissue pH using positron emission tomography (1984)

Carbon-11-labeled dimethyloxazolidinedione ([11C]DMO) was injected intravenously into human subjects, and serial positron emission tomographic (PET) scans were obtained until brain-blood equilibration was achieved or could be accurately predicted from dynamic PET and 11C blood data. Knowledge of regional brain-blood partition coefficients for DMO, together with measurements of arterial blood hematocrit and pH, permitted the calculation of regional brain tissue and tumor pH (rpH). [11C]DMO PET rpH values were similar to rpH values derived from quantitative autoradiographic measurements of [14C]DMO concentrations in rat brain slices.
A Survey of the Incidence of Antigenic Forms of Salmonella Pullorum in the United States (1952)

THIS report is concerned primarily with the incidence of the various antigenic forms found in a total of 1,689 Salmonella pullorum cultures submitted by cooperating poultry diagnostic laboratories in 27 states. The occurrence in chickens of a form of pullorum disease, which could not always be detected by the standard agglutination tests, was first reported by Younie (1941). This observation was well substantiated by other workers. Edwards and Bruner (1946) pointed out that this failure of detection was due to antigenic variation and demonstrated that the antigen formula of S. pullorum is IX, XII1, (XII2), XII3. These workers considered that in normal cultures the quantity of XII2 antigen was variable and that such cultures might be in continuous form variation. It was demonstrated that a culture might also become stabilized with either the XII2 or XII3 antigen as the predominant one of the two. These were termed variant and standard, . . .
Absorption and metabolism of cholesterol in familial hypercholesterolemia (1989)

1. The present study investigated the role of intestinal cholesterol absorption in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and serum lipoprotein levels in 22 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia on low to normal cholesterol intake. 2. The results showed that the higher the dietary cholesterol absorption, the lower was the overall synthesis of cholesterol. Efficient cholesterol absorption actually reduced the elimination of cholesterol as faecal neutral sterols but not consistently as bile acids. 3. In multifactorial analysis, body mass index and dietary plant sterols were negatively associated with cholesterol absorption, but were unrelated to cholesterol synthesis. 4. Fractional cholesterol absorption was related only to the serum very-low-density triacylglycerol level. It was not associated with the total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. On the other hand, cholesterol synthesis was significantly associated with the serum concentrations of very-low-density lipoprotein and intermediate-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triacylglycerols, and with those of low-density lipoprotein triacylglycerols. 5. In conclusion, dietary cholesterol absorption is an essential regulator of cholesterol homoeostasis in familial hypercholesterolaemia, even in patients on low cholesterol intake.
Analogs of Pteroylglutamic Acid. VI. 3',5'-Dihalopteroyl Derivatives (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of Pteroylglutamic Acid. VI. 3',5'-Dihalopteroyl DerivativesDonna B. Cosulich, Doris R. Seeger, Marvin J. Fahrenbach, Barbara Roth, John H. Mowat, James M. Smith Jr., and M. E. HultquistCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 6, 2554–2557Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1951https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01150a041Request reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (587 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
464: Is Obesity Associated with more Aggressive Prostate Cancer? (Data from Capsure) (2004)

The association between CAM use and lower BMI and PSA level at diagnosis may be due to health-seeking behaviors (e.g. using supplements and cancer screening). Given the relatively high prevalence of CAM use in this patient population, it is important for health-care providers to be familiar with their patients' practices and educated on potential interactions between CAM products, standard treatment, and outcome of care.
Fluctuations, conformational asymmetry and block copolymer phase behaviour (1994)

Phase behaviour near the order–disorder transition (ODT) of 58 model hydrocarbon diblock copolymers, representing four different systems, is summarized. Six distinct ordered-state microstructures are reported, including hexagonally modulated lamellae (HML), hexagonally perforated layers (HPL) and a bicontinuous cubic morphology with Iatext-decoration:overline3d space group symmetry. Two non-classical parameters, Îµ and text-decoration:overlineN, control the occurrence and distribution of these phases, in addition to the classical variables ƒ and χN, where ƒ, χ and N are the composition, segment–segment interaction parameter and degree of polymerization, respectively. Îµ accounts for differences in the conformational and volume-filling characteristics of each block. Conformational asymmetry, Îµ≠ 1, produces an asymmetric phase diagram around ƒ= 1/2. The importance of fluctuation effects are inversely related to the magnitude of text-decoration:overlineN, a type of Ginzburg parameter that is proportional to N. As text-decoration:overlineN decreases, the bicontinuous Iatext-decoration:overline3d phase appears adjacent to the ODT. Development of this cubic phase can be rationalized based on chain-packing frustration near the lamellar hexagonal state. Apparently the Iatext-decoration:overline3d cubic state is stabilized by fluctuations since it disappears when text-decoration:overlineN becomes large. These findings provide new insights into the origins of phase complexity in condensed soft matter.
Alkynyl Grignard Reagents and Their Uses (1996)

Acetylenic compounds, RC ......CH, with a highly acidic hydrogen attached to the triple bond react with Grignard reagents, such as ethylmagnesium bromide, and are converted to acetylenic Grignard reagents of the types RC .....CMgBr. This reaction is slow relative to the alkyl lithium reaction, and the Grignard reaction is hard to drive to completion. In remarkable contrast the analogous reactions involving alkali amide in liquid ammonia or alkyl lithium in tetrahydrofuran (THF) proceed fast, even at - 80°C.
A Regioselective Approach to 5‐Substituted‐3‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of 1,2-Dimethoxyethane/Water Solutions. 1. Conformational and Structural Properties (1998)

Molecular dynamics simulations of solutions of 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) and water have been performed in order to investigate the conformations of DME and the local solution structure as a function of solution composition and temperature. The simulations employ a previously developed force field based upon ab initio quantum chemistry calculations of DME/water interactions. The DME conformer populations show a strong dependence on temperature and solution composition and are quite different in aqueous solutions from those found in the gas phase or neat liquid. An analysis of the dependence of the conformer population distribution on temperature allows us to estimate the relative free energies of solvation for different conformers in water solution, which are found to be primarily energetic in origin for dilute solutions. The conformation dependence of the solvation free energy, resulting in “hydrophilic” and “hydrophobic” conformers, is explained in terms of differences in polar interactions between DME and neighboring water molecules. Analysis of the local structure of water around different DME conformers reveals that the degree of DME/water hydrogen bonding is nearly independent of the DME conformer for dilute solutions. The extent of water/water hydrogen bonding is also found to be nearly independent of composition over a wide composition range. To maintain a nearly constant level of water−water hydrogen bonding with increasing DME concentration, water is not randomly distributed in the system on a nearest-neighbor length scale but rather tends to form clusters of 4−5 molecules. The entropic penalty associated with this water structure increases with increasing DME concentration and temperature, thereby increasing the free energy of hydrophilic conformers relative to hydrophobic conformers.
Demonstration of all-fiber sparse lightwave CDMA based on temporal phase encoding (1999)

The enabling properties of a robust fiber-grating-based lightwave code-division multiple access (lightwave CDMA) telecommunication system are presented. The design of the encoding and decoding devices is described and their performance in a sparse two-channel transmission link is demonstrated. Encoded and decoded waveforms as well as two-channel cross-correlation contrast for the system are measured.
D Is for Delay (2014)

A 47-year-old homeless man presented to the emergency department with intermittent pain and a pins-and-needles sensation in his legs. One month earlier, paresthesias had developed in his toes, which spread gradually to his shins.
The performance of a novel ball‐tipped Flush knife for endoscopic submucosal dissection: a case–control study (2010)

Ball-tipped Flush knife (Flush knife-BT) appears to improve haemostatic efficacy and dissection speed compared with standard Flush knife.
Technology development for react and wind common coil magnets (2002)

High field common coil magnets using brittle high temperature superconductors (HTS) or Nb/sub 3/Sn cables provide new challenges with respect to the design and manufacturing of coils. We are developing the scaleable techniques that can be used in the production of common coil or other magnets with similar designs. By utilizing a cost-effective rapid turnaround short coil program, it is possible to quickly develop and test the new conductors and learn the design and manufacturing concepts needed for them. The flexible nature of a rapid turnaround program required the development of a standard coil cassette for different size cable, allowing coils to be used as building blocks for testing in different magnet configurations. Careful attention is given to the design of the coil structure: The inner bobbin the wire is wound on, the coil winding process, insulation integrity, epoxy vacuum impregnation, and final assembly into a test magnet. This paper will discuss the manufacturing techniques and design rules learned from the rapid turnaround program, and test results to date.
A touch sensitive dance floor/MIDI controller (1994)

A prototype MIDI Dance Surface has been developed which is capable of transmitting precise position coordinates, velocity, and pressure information in the form of standard MIDI messages. The surface consists of a large number of force sensing resistors (FSRs) which are attached to heavy duty plastic sheeting and covered with polyethylene foam. The sheets may either be placed on top of or beneath a standard Marley Dance floor. The FSRs are typically arranged in a grid with 16 columns (left to right) and 4 rows (front to back), which results in a 16 ft. square dance surface with 64 1×4 ft. velocity and pressure sensitive regions, each of which is assigned a separate input channel of a Voltage to MIDI Interface Box which has 64 analog inputs, plus MIDI Out. The MIDI Box incorporates a Motorola MC68HC11 microprocessor and can be programmed to convert input/output analog signals to/from any desired MIDI messages, on multiple MIDI channels. Hence, used in conjunction with an ‘‘intelligent’’ external MIDI processing system, it is ideal for use in interactive dance compositions in which one or more dancers can affect both the music and lighting by the nature of their movements and by their precise position(s) on the surface.
Tobacco Budworm: Effect of Early-Season Terminal Damage on Cotton Lint Yields and Earliness12 (1981)

Damage to young cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., by Heliothis virescens (F.) delayed boll opening and decreased first-harvest yields. Larvae placed on plants in the fourth to sixth true-leaf stage caused more delay and fewer cumulative blooms than larvae placed on plants in the sixth to eighth true-leaf stage. The short-season plant type recovered from early-season terminal damage faster than did the long-season plant type. Lint cotton yields decreased as budworm infestation increased. Total yield reductions (Tamcot SP-37) were significant at 60 and 40% infestation levels in 1978 and 1979, respectively. Because earliness is the primary objective of a short-season production system, terminal damage may negate the advantage of these plant types. Longseason plant types may overcome the effects of terminal loss; however, increased hazards such as late-season tobacco budworm damage and rainfall also must be considered. Damaged plants ultimately produced more vegetation than undamaged plants. This increased plant volume could impede the mechanical operation of the stripper harvester and increase the probability of barky lint and reduced quality.
Lipoprotein Promotes Caveolin-1 and Ras Translocation to Caveolae (2000)

To explore the role of LDL in caveolin-Ras regulation in human endothelial cells (ECs), we incubated confluent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with LDL. This resulted in a high steady-state caveolin-1 (Cav-1) expression at both the mRNA and protein levels. LDL exposure appeared not to regulate the abundance of Cav-1. Immunofluorescence staining showed that Cav-1 protein migrated from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane after LDL exposure. Cav-1 protein and cholesterol partitioned mainly into the caveola fractions, and LDL increased both Cav-1 and cholesterol in these fractions. Ras protein in caveola fractions was also increased by LDL. Increased Ras was detected in Cav-1 immunoprecipitated samples, and conversely, increased Cav-1 was found in Ras-immunoprecipitated samples. We also demonstrated LDL-increased Ras activity in HUVECs by measuring the GTP/GTP+GDP ratio of Ras with [(32)P]orthophosphate labeling in the cells. Finally, we determined the binding of [(3)H]-labeled free cholesterol and recombinant H-Ras to Cav-1 fusion proteins in vitro. Both cholesterol and Ras bound to full-length GST-Cav-1, scaffolding domain (61-101), and C-terminal (135-178) Cav-1 fusion peptides. Addition of cholesterol enhanced Ras binding to the full-length and scaffolding domain of Cav-1 but not to the C-terminal Cav-1. These findings strongly suggest a role for Cav-1 in cholesterol trafficking and cholesterol-mediated intracellular signaling, which may mediate EC activation by LDL.
Flaming to control weeds in seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) turfgrass (2019)

Weed control is crucial to ensure that turfgrass is established effectively. Although herbicides are commonly used to control weeds in turfgrasses, environmental and public health concerns have led to limiting or banning the use of synthetic herbicides in urban areas. The species seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Sw.) is susceptible to such herbicides. Flame weeding could be an alternative to the use of synthetic herbicides for selective weed control in seashore paspalum. In this study, five different liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) doses of flaming (0, 61, 91, 157 and 237 kg ha–1) were tested in order to find the optimal dose, in terms of weed control and costs. The aim was to maintain a seashore paspalum (cultivar ‘Salam’) turf free of weeds during spring greenup, and at the same time avoid damaging the turfgrass. Using a self-propelled machine designed and built at the University of Pisa, flaming was applied three times when weeds started growing and the turfgrass started green-up. Our results highlight that an LPG dose of 157 kg ha–1 was the most economic dose that led to a significant reduction in initial weed cover and density, enabling the turfgrass to recover three weeks after the third application.
Investigation of image noise in cone-beam CT imaging due to photon counting statistics with the Feldkamp algorithm by computer simulations (2008)

Cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging technique has found many applications in medical imaging in recent years since it provides three-dimensional image reconstruction with low contrast detectability and high resolution. In CBCT systems, image noise caused by photon counting statistics plays an important role in image quality by affecting low contrast detection and patient dose. In this paper, we studied image noise caused by photon counting statistics with the Feldkamp's cone beam reconstruction algorithm. A noise model based on photon counting detector was developed to provide the noise distribution in 3D image space and the quantitative relationships between image noise level and various CT parameters, including the exposure level, the number of projections, the reconstruction filter and the detector pixel size. Computer simulations of a spherical water phantom were conducted to test the theoretical model. This work provides the noise spatial distribution in cone-beam CT and its relationship with CBCT parameters. It can also provide local noise information for adaptive de-noising in the future.