gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐Assembled pH‐Sensitive Nanoparticles: A Platform for Oral Delivery of Protein Drugs (2010)

Abstract The oral route is considered to be the most convenient and comfortable means of drug administration for patients. Nevertheless, oral administration of hydrophilic macromolecules such as peptide/protein drugs is encountered with many difficulties. To overcome these difficulties, a pH‐sensitive nanoparticle (NP) carrier system, self‐assembled by chitosan (CS) and poly‐γ‐glutamic acid (γ‐PGA), is developed for paracellular transports of insulin. Oral administration of insulin‐loaded NPs shows a significant hypoglycemic action in diabetic rats and the corresponding relative bioavailability of insulin is approximately 15%. These findings suggest that the developed NP system is a promising carrier for improved transmucosal delivery of insulin in the small intestine. Besides insulin, this NP carrier system is expected to serve as a platform for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules such as pharmaceutically active peptides/proteins, glycosaminoglycans, and oligonucleotides. Studies on the detailed mechanism of tight‐junction opening by CS or its derivatives are in progress, which is of paramount importance and needs to be established to aid further development in the use of NPs for oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules.
Detecting quantum superpositions of classically distinguishable states of a molecule (1995)

We present a method for the unambiguous detection of a classically distinguishable coherent superposition state in the vibrational coordinate of a diatomic molecule. The configuration of the state may be observed via the time-dependent spectrum of spontaneous emission from the molecule. The signature of the states in the emission spectra is discussed, as are the practical possibilities for experiments on a realistic molecular system.
In‐situ Enzymatic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide for Bleaching Purposes (2008)

Abstract Bleaching detergent formulations contain environmentally unfriendly bleaching agents (perborates and percarbonates), which cause aquatic eutrophication, although without these compounds detergents are much less efficient for the washing processes. In an effort to replace these compounds, in this study, hydrogen peroxide was generated as a bleaching compound by means of enzymatic reactions. Three different pathways were investigated. The first one was the H 2 O 2 production from glucose by glucose oxidase. The second one was the production of H 2 O 2 from carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by the action of both cellulase, which promotes the hydrolysis of the polymeric chain, and glucose oxidase, which oxidizes the smaller fractions to produce H 2 O 2 . Finally, H 2 O 2 was also obtained from ethanol, which is present in liquid detergents, by the action of the enzyme alcohol oxidase. In the search for maximal peroxide production, substrate concentration and enzymatic activities were optimized. The effect of H 2 O 2 produced in the washing process was simulated by means of a process of cotton bleaching. Although enzymatic‐reaction oxidations produced higher levels of hydrogen peroxide (up to 1 g/L after 8 h), higher improvement of cotton whiteness was achieved from CMC and from ethanol. The milder conditions of temperature and pH, biodegradability and less consumption of water and energy are advantageous for enzymes as good substitutes for H 2 O 2 precursors and make them appropriate to be considered in detergent formulations. These enzymes could be combined with other oxidative enzymes, such as peroxidases, in order to lower the required temperature and use a pH close to the neutral value during the bleaching processes.
The Influence of Molecular Architecture and Solvent Type on the Size and Structure of Poly(benzyl ether) Dendrimers by SANS (2001)

The size of poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers with different molecular architectures was measured by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). Both polar and non-polar solvents were used to measure the effect of solvent type. The radius of gyration (Rg) of all of the dendrimers follows a scaling law of Rg ∝ M1/3 consistent with literature values of other chemically different dendrimers. The effect of solvent type on dendrimer size was minimal.
Dynamic scan control in STEM: spiral (2016)

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has emerged as one of the foremost techniques to analyze materials at atomic resolution. However, two practical difficulties inherent to STEM imaging are: radiation damage imparted by the electron beam, which can potentially damage or otherwise modify the specimen and slow-scan image acquisition, which limits the ability to capture dynamic changes at high temporal resolution. Furthermore, due in part to scan flyback corrections, typical raster scan methods result in an uneven distribution of dose across the scanned area. A method to allow extremely fast scanning with a uniform residence time would enable imaging at low electron doses, ameliorating radiation damage and at the same time permitting image acquisition at higher frame-rates while maintaining atomic resolution. The practical complication is that rastering the STEM probe at higher speeds causes significant image distortions. Non-square scan patterns provide a solution to this dilemma and can be tailored for low dose imaging conditions. Here, we develop a method for imaging with alternative scan patterns and investigate their performance at very high scan speeds. A general analysis for spiral scanning is presented here for the following spiral scan functions: Archimedean, Fermat, and constant linear velocity spirals, which were tested for STEM imaging. The quality of spiral scan STEM images is generally comparable with STEM images from conventional raster scans, and the dose uniformity can be improved.
Baculovirus Entry into Human Hepatoma Cells (2005)

Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), a prototype member of the Baculoviridae family, has gained increasing interest as a potential vector candidate for mammalian gene delivery applications. AcMNPV is known to enter both dividing and nondividing mammalian cell lines in vitro, but the mode and kinetics of entry as well as the intracellular transport of the virus in mammalian cells is poorly understood. The general objective of this study was to characterize the entry steps of AcMNPV- and green fluorescent protein-displaying recombinant baculoviruses in human hepatoma cells. The viruses were found to bind and transduce the cell line efficiently, and electron microscopy studies revealed that virions were located on the cell surface in pits with an electron-dense coating resembling clathrin. In addition, virus particles were found in larger noncoated plasma membrane invaginations and in intracellular vesicles resembling macropinosomes. In double-labeling experiments, virus particles were detected by confocal microscopy in early endosomes at 30 min and in late endosomes starting at 45 min posttransduction. Viruses were also seen in structures specific for early endosomal as well as late endosomal/lysosomal markers by nanogold preembedding immunoelectron microscopy. No indication of viral entry into recycling endosomes or the Golgi complex was observed by confocal microscopy. In conclusion, these results suggest that AcMNPV enters mammalian cells via clathrin-mediated endocytosis and possibly via macropinocytosis. Thus, the data presented here should enable future design of baculovirus vectors suitable for more specific and enhanced delivery of genetic material into mammalian cells.
Characterization of the behavior under impact loading of a maraging steel strengthened by nano-precipitates (2006)

International audience
Unknown objects segmentation and material classification for separation (2010)

This work address the issues and difficulties related to the design of an autonomous robot capable of performing unknown objects segmentation and material classification task. One of the most challenging aspects of such a system is that the robot has to segment unknown objects from a complicated scene and in the proximity of other objects. In this paper, illuminations of different frequencies are projected from the robot, providing additional information about the scene compared to conventional segmentation techniques. By using multiple light sources and material's reflectivity we were able to identify true edges and separate segmented unknown objects. To classify and gather information about the unknown segmented objects we introduce a novel material classification technique using static electricity charge sensing. Our proposed approaches do not require prior models of target objects and assumes no previously collected background statistics.
Domain III of the <i>T. thermophilus</i> 23S rRNA folds independently to a near-native state (2012)

The three-dimensional structure of the ribosomal large subunit (LSU) reveals a single morphological element, although the 23S rRNA is contained in six secondary structure domains. Based upon maps of inter- and intra-domain interactions and proposed evolutionary pathways of development, we hypothesize that Domain III is a truly independent structural domain of the LSU. Domain III is primarily stabilized by intra-domain interactions, negligibly perturbed by inter-domain interactions, and is not penetrated by ribosomal proteins or other rRNA. We have probed the structure of Domain III rRNA alone and when contained within the intact 23S rRNA using SHAPE (selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension), in the absence and presence of magnesium. The combined results support the hypothesis that Domain III alone folds to a near-native state with secondary structure, intra-domain tertiary interactions, and inter-domain interactions that are independent of whether or not it is embedded in the intact 23S rRNA or within the LSU. The data presented support previous suggestions that Domain III was added relatively late in ribosomal evolution.
Mobile IP (1998)

Mobile IP has been designed within the IETF to serve the needs of the burgeoning population of mobile computer users who wish to connect to the Internet and maintain communications as they move from place to place. The basic protocol is described, with details given on the three major component protocols: Agent Advertisement, Registration and Tunnelling. Route optimization procedures are then outlined and further topics of current interest are described. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progression despite replacement of a myopathic form of coenzyme Q <sub>10</sub> defect (2004)

The authors report 7 years of follow-up evaluation of a patient with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency. Initial symptoms of exercise intolerance and hyperlactatemia improved markedly with substitutive treatment. However, CoQ(10) supplementation did not prevent the onset of a cerebellar syndrome. A switch to idebenone treatment resulted in clinical and metabolic worsening, which disappeared with subsequent CoQ10 treatment. CoQ10 defects may cause progressive neurologic disease despite supplementation.
A Scalable and Provably Secure Hash-Based RFID Protocol (2005)

The biggest challenge for RFID technology is to provide benefits without threatening the privacy of consumers. Many solutions have been suggested but almost as many ways have been found to break them. An approach by Ohkubo, Suzuki and Kinoshita using an internal refreshment mechanism seems to protect privacy well but is not scalable. We introduce a specific time-memory trade-off that removes the scalability issue of this scheme. Additionally we prove that the system truly offer's privacy and even forward privacy. Our third contribution is an extension of the scheme which offers a secure communication channel between RFID tags and their owner using building blocks that are already available on the tag. Finally we give a typical example of use of our system and show its feasibility by calculating all the parameters.
A Diagnostic Test Generation System and a Coverage Metric* (Summery) (2010)

Abstract — A diagnostic automatic test pattern generation (DATPG) system is constructed by adding new algorithmic capabilities to conventional ATPG and fault simulation programs. The system generates tests to distinguish between fault pairs through different output responses. Given a fault pair, by modifying circuit netlist a new single fault is modeled and targeted for detection by a conventional ATPG. The test distinguishes the given fault pair. In the fault simulator faults are partitioned into different groups according to their output responses. Thus, fault pairs that a simulated vector can distinguish between are split among separate groups. Faults that form single-fault groups are dropped from further simulation. Using a proposed diagnostic coverage (DC) metric, we observe improved DC in most benchmark circuits. Cases of low DC have helped identify new open problems. 1 Diagnostic ATPG System
Off-targeting oft-targeted CD20 in cHL (2012)

We now think of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) as derived from "crippled" germinal center B cells that have frequently acquired rearranged and somatically mutated Ig genes.1,2 Despite their B-cell origin, the malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells have lost most of the superficial trappings of B cells and therefore have been hidden from investigators' lenses for decades, prompting an arduous but persistent race to uncover the mystery of the HRS cell.
PV CHARACTERIZATION OF ClGSP THIN FILM SOLAR CELLS (2000)

Culn,,Ga,S, (CIGS2) thin films were prepared by sulfurization of CuGdln precursor on Mo-coated glass substrates in Ar:H,S(4%) mixture at 475 C. PV parameters of the best CIGS2 solar cells measured under AM 0 conditions at NASA GRC were as follows: V, = 739 mV, JSc = 26.01 mA/cm2, FF = 63.7%, and rl = 8.95%. Detailed current versus voltage and quantum efficiency analysis of -9% (AM 0) efficient ClGS2 cells showed them to be normal, without serious limitations and some ways promising. Formation of a buried n+p homojunction probably due to Cd doping during CdS chemical bath deposition was inferred from enhancement of collection at low wavelengths under reverse bias. Such a junction is known to lead to high conversion efficiency. Values of series resistance Rs, shunt resistance Rp, diode factor A, and reverse saturation current Jo were -0.6 R cm2, -1160 R cm', -2.1 and -2.6~10.' A cm-' respectively. Preparation of -8% AM1.5 efficient CIGS2 thin-film solar cells on Mo-coated stainless steel foil substrates for ultra lightweight solar cells is described.
Developmental plasticity of mouse visual acuity (2003)

Monocular deprivation in mice between postnatal days 19 and 32 has been reported to significantly shift ocular dominance within the binocular region of primary visual cortex; however, it is not known whether visual deprivation in mice during this physiologically defined critical period also results in amblyopia, as it does in other mammals. We addressed this uncertainty by psychophysically assessing in adulthood (postnatal day 70 or older) the grating acuity of normal and monocularly deprived mice, using the Visual Water Task. The visual acuity of mice tested with their nondeprived eyes was equivalent to that of normal mice ( approximately 0.5 cycles/degree); however, acuity measured with eyes monocularly deprived of vision transiently between postnatal days 19 and 32 was reduced by over 30% ( approximately 0.31 cycles/degree). Identical binocular deprivation produced a significant, but smaller, decrease in acuity ( approximately 0.38 cycles/degree). The effects of monocular and binocular deprivation were long lasting and occurred only if visual deprivation occurred between postnatal days 19 and 32. These data indicate that the deleterious effects of early visual deprivation on visual acuity in mice are similar to those reported in other mammals, and together with electrophysiological evidence of ocular dominance plasticity, suggest that the mechanisms of mouse visual plasticity are fundamentally the same as that in other mammals. Therefore, the mouse is probably a good model for investigating the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying visual developmental plasticity and amblyopia.
O-Demethyl Pyrethrin II Analogs from Oxidation of Pyrethrin I, Allethrin, Dimethrin, and Phthalthrin by a House Fly Enzyme System12 (1966)

Journal Article O-Demethyl Pyrethrin II Analogs from Oxidation of Pyrethrin I, Allethrin, Dimethrin, and Phthalthrin by a House Fly Enzyme System Get access Izuru Yamamoto, Izuru Yamamoto 3 Division of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley 94720 3Permanent address: Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John E. Casida John E. Casida Division of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley 94720 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 59, Issue 6, 1 December 1966, Pages 1542–1543, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/59.6.1542 Published: 01 December 1966 Article history Accepted: 12 August 1966 Published: 01 December 1966
Authentication and encryption in a mobile communication system (2002)

A prototype communications system with security features based on the Future Public Land Mobile Telecommunications Systems (FPLMTS) network architecture is described. User authentication and communication security in radio links between many closed user groups (CUGs), public and private, are discussed. A layered structure of key management and key distribution protocols are presented.
Impaired myofibrillar function in the soleus muscle of mice with collagen‐induced arthritis (2009)

These findings show impaired contractile function in the soleus muscle of mice with CIA and suggest that this abnormality is due to peroxynitrite-induced modifications in myofibrillar proteins.
Monitoring apparatus and method for battery power supply (2024)

A monitoring apparatus and method are disclosed for monitoring and/or indicating energy that a battery power source has then remaining and/or can deliver for utilization purposes as, for example, to an electric vehicle. A battery mathematical model forms the basis for monitoring with a capacity prediction determined from measurement of the discharge current rate and stored battery parameters. The predicted capacity is used to provide a state-of-charge indication. Self-calibration over the life of the battery power supply is enacted through use of a feedback voltage based upon the difference between predicted and measured voltages to correct the battery mathematical model. Through use of a microprocessor with central information storage of temperature, current and voltage, system behavior is monitored, and system flexibility is enhanced.
Photodeposition of Copper and Chromia on Gallium Oxide: The Role of Co‐Catalysts in Photocatalytic Water Splitting (2014)

Split second: The photocatalytic activity of gallium oxide (β-Ga2 O3) depends strongly on the co-catalysts CuOx and chromia, which can be efficiently deposited in a stepwise manner by photoreduction of Cu(2+) and CrO4 (2-). The water-splitting activity can be tuned by varying the Cu loading in the range 0.025-1.5 wt %, whereas the Cr loading is not affecting the rate as long as small amounts (such as 0.05 wt %) are present. Chromia is identified as highly efficient co-catalyst in the presence of CuOx : it is essential for the oxidation of water.
A Major Secreted Elastase Is Essential for Pathogenicity of <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> (2000)

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen and the leading cause of fatal hemorrhagic septicemia in rainbow trout. A gene encoding an elastolytic activity, ahyB, was cloned from Aeromonas hydrophila AG2 into pUC18 and expressed in Escherichia coli and in the nonproteolytic species Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the ahyB gene revealed an open reading frame of 1,764 nucleotides with coding capacity for a 588-amino-acid protein with a molecular weight of 62,728. The first 13 N-terminal amino acids of the purified protease completely match those deduced from DNA sequence starting at AAG (Lys-184). This finding indicated that AhyB is synthesized as a preproprotein with a 19-amino-acid signal peptide, a 164-amino-acid N-terminal propeptide, and a 405-amino-acid intermediate which is further processed into a mature protease and a C-terminal propeptide. The protease hydrolyzed casein and elastin and showed a high sequence similarity to other metalloproteases, especially with the mature form of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase (52% identity), Helicobacter pylori zinc metalloprotease (61% identity), or proteases from several species of Vibrio (52 to 53% identity). The gene ahyB was insertionally inactivated, and the construct was used to create an isogenic ahyB mutant of A. hydrophila. These first reports of a defined mutation in an extracellular protease of A. hydrophila demonstrate an important role in pathogenesis.
Phosphorus Oxychloride in the Preparation of Ketimines (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus Oxychloride in the Preparation of KetiminesArthur W. Weston and R. J. Michaels Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 3, 1381–1382Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01147a537https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01147a537research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recyclable Dirhodium Catalysts Embedded in Nanoporous Surface‐Functionalized Organosilica Hosts for Carbenoid‐Mediated Cyclopropanation Reactions (2010)

Abstract Recyclable and efficient heterogeneous catalysts have been prepared by embedding dirhodium(II,II) core carboxylate complexes into the amine‐functionalized nanosized channels of a mesoporous silica host, amine–SBA‐15. Two alternative synthetic procedures for the preparation of the catalysts have been developed and adapted for the immobilization of dirhodium complexes of variable Lewis acidity. The catalytic activity of the resulting solid materials has been evaluated in model cyclopropanation reactions of styrene at variable reaction conditions (reaction substrate, temperature, time, and solvent). Importantly, the designed catalysts, which can be readily recovered and reused, display the reactivity and selectivity profiles exceeding or comparable to their homogeneous dirhodium(II) counterparts.
Superficial siderosis: a cause of leptomeningeal enhancement on computed tomography. (1983)

A case of superficial siderosis of the central nervous system proven by brain biopsy is described. The diagnosis was made antemortem, the first such case reported in the English language literature. Postcontrast material cerebral CT demonstrated widespread meningeal enhancement. The differential diagnosis is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL APPROACH TO 4‐BENZYLISOQUINOLINES (1984)

Abstract Durch Reaktion des Isochinolins "(l) mit dem Benzylalkohol (l I) erhält man die Titelverbindung (IIIa), welche zu (IIIb) methyliert wird.