gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capillary electrophoresis electrochemical (CE-EC) detection on a novel thread-based microfluidic device with 3D sensing electrodes (2012)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been used in a number of bio-analytical detection in the past decays. This detection scheme has high separation efficiency and rapid detection capability. Fluorescence detection is the most common adopted method in capillary electrophoresis system. However, fluorescence detection approach relies on fluorescence labeling and delicate optical excitation and detection components. Alternatively, electrochemical detection can rapid detect the electrical changes caused by the passing samples. The combination of capillary electrophoresis separation and electrochemical detection (CEEC) has been used in a variety of application. CEEC detection was usually carried out using the amperometric detection method. However, typical CE chips are with closed-channel design which needs a number of microfabrication process including micro-channel forming and chip bonding to form the sealed microfluidic channel. Therefore, the fabrication process for producing typical CE chip is comparable time-consuming and expensive. Consequently, to use polymers as substrates for microchip fabrication is faster and cheaper way than glass device and can be fabricated without accessing the clean-room facilities. One major problem for using the microfluidic chips with physical channels is that these chips may suffer from pollutions or clogging while repeating using these chips. Due to the difficulty for cleaning sealed microfluidic channels. Disposing the chip can simple solve this problem but the cost is another issue. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop microfluidic systems without using physical sealed channels, or so-called non-channel based microfluidic systems.
The phenotypic manifestations of chromosome 17p11.2 duplication (1997)

Clinical and electrophysiological investigations and nerve biopsies were carried out on 61 patients shown to have a chromosome 17p11.2 duplication (hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy-HMSN Ia). Of these, 50 showed a Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) phenotype and eight could be classified as having the Roussy-Lévy syndrome. Of the patients with a CMT phenotype, three had associated pyramidal signs and of these one had 'complicated' HMSN and also signs of cerebellar and bulbar involvement. Diaphragmatic weakness was present in three severely affected cases, one of whom also had denervation of the anal sphincter associated with faecal incontinence. One unusual case presented in middle life with incapacitating muscle cramps associated with calf hypertrophy and only mild clinical signs of neuropathy. Prominent distal sensory loss was a consistent feature in one family, resulting in acrodystrophic changes in several members. Concurrent focal peripheral nerve lesions were seen with both the CMT and Roussy-Lévy phenotypes, in seven patients. Upper limb motor nerve conduction velocity was 19.9 m/s +/- 1.3 (SEM), range 5-34 m/s. This corresponds to values previously obtained for autosomal dominant HMSN I. This series consisted mainly of older patients with more advanced disease. In contrast to the findings in younger patients, in their nerve biopsies, myelin thickness tended to be relatively reduced for axon size, indicating remyelination and/or hypomyelination; there was also regression of the onion bulbs. It is concluded that the possession of two copies of the peripheral myelin protein 22 gene within the duplicated region on chromosome 17p gives rise to a range of phenotypes and not solely to a CMT syndrome, and that the pattern of histological change in the peripheral nerves alters with advance of the disease.
IBM Los Gatos simulation machine hardware (1983)

The LSM is a high-speed, special-purpose computer designed to perform gate-level logic simulation at speeds that allow interactive use. It can simulate 64512 gates at a rate of 640*10/sup 6/ gates/s. User-oriented software running on a general-purpose computer must provide an interface to the LSM that allows designers to fully utilize this simulator. The authors describe the LSM software and the requirements that directed its development. 5 references.
ChemInform Abstract: N,O‐DIACYLHYDROXYLAMINES AS ENZYME‐ACTIVATED INHIBITORS FOR SERINE PROTEASES (1983)

Several N-peptidyl-O(4-nitrobenzoyl)-hydroxylamines were synthesized and their inhibitory action against dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, alpha-chymotrypsin, elastase and thermitase was investigated. If the petidyl residue can be recognized by the enzyme as a substrate, a time dependent irreversible inactivation occurs. The mechanism of inhibition by N,O-diacylhydroxylamines as enzyme activated inhibitors is discussed.
THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE UPPER CARBONIFEROUS ROCKS OF THE BIDEFORD REGION, NORTH DEVON (1960)

The succession in an area lying mainly north and west of Bideford is described. The Northam and Abbotsham Beds, of “coal measures” facies, are followed by the slumped Greencliff Beds and then by the greywackes of the Cockington Beds. These are unconformably overlain by Permo-Triassie breccias. The structure is interpreted as a series of E.–W. trending, faulted periclines super-imposed upon a southerly early regional dip. The folding and most of the faulting can be shown to be pre-Permo-Trias in age.
Effects of local anesthetic and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug on pain responses of dairy calves to hot-iron dehorning (2009)

This study examined the effects of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent (NSAID) on physiological responses of calves immediately after hot-iron dehorning (DH) and during the time that local anesthetic (LA) wears off (2 to 3 h) after this procedure. Forty-six calves (33 +/- 0.3 d of age) were randomly assigned to 6 treatments: hot-iron DH versus sham DH with either no pain mitigation, LA alone, or LA with NSAID (i.v. Meloxicam). Eye temperature (measured using infrared thermography) was recorded every 5 min for 3 h after treatments. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were recorded continuously; for analysis of HRV, short segments of 512 interbeat intervals were examined. After DH without LA or NSAID, HR increased by 35 +/- 3.0 beats/min in the first 5 min and remained elevated above baseline for 3 h. The HRV around the time of DH did not differ between treatments; however, the root mean square of successive differences decreased from 68 to 41 +/- 12.6 ms immediately following DH without pain relief, suggesting a decrease in vagal tone at this time. Between 2 and 3 h following DH with LA, there was a decrease in eye temperature (-0.6 +/- 0.1 degrees C), an increase in HR (8 +/- 3.0 beats per min) and changes in HRV. Changes in HRV at this time included a decreased high-frequency power and an increase in the low-frequency power and low-frequency/high-frequency ratio, indicating a change in sympatho-vagal balance. The changes in eye temperature, HR, and HRV between 2 and 3 h following DH with LA indicated the onset of pain coinciding with the time that the LA effects wear off. In addition, this study demonstrated that the combination of LA and NSAID mitigated the onset of pain responses when the LA wanes.
A compression moulding technique for thick sheets of thermoplastics (1980)

A common requirement in plastics testing is the compression moulding of flat sheets with very small thickness variations, so as to obtain test specimens within specified tolerances. This is not always easy to achieve, especially with polymers exhibiting high mould shrinkage, particularly where relatively thick sheets are required. A moulding technique is described which involves the use of thermal insulation around the edge of the mould, and which produces flat sheets of high-density polyethylene with uniform thickness up to 25 mm or greater.
Measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient in composites using a temperature-modulated excitation (1993)

Ferroelectric polymers such as PVDF and its copolymer P(VDF/TrFE) as well as ferroelectric ceramic-polymer composites have to be annealed at a high temperature for an extended period of time after polling, before the measurement of the pyroelectric coefficient by the direct method can be performed, in order to eliminate the high depolarization current which hinders the determination of the true pyroelectric current. Here it is suggested that a periodic temperature oscillation of a ceramic-polymer composite sample would permit measurement of its true pyroelectric coefficient without the need to anneal the sample. The temperature distribution inside the composite sample, the magnitude of the pyroelectric current and their variation with the frequency of temperature oscillation have been simulated with the present theory. Pyroelectric measurements using this technique have been made on a poled composite of calcium-modified lead titanate (PbTiO3) and a copolymer of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene P(VDF/TrFE) and compared with the results of the direct measurements before and after annealing, in order to test the validity of the method.
A Numerical Model to Describe the Layer Behavior in Salt-Gradient Solar Ponds (1983)

A numerical model has been developed to describe the time-dependent behavior of the interfaces between the convecting and nonconvecting regions of a salt-gradient solar pond. Salinity and temperature profiles, as a function of time, are also determined by the model. The model utilizes empirical correlations from the oceanographic literature that describe the heat and salt fluxes across the interfaces. The model also contains a treatment of entrainment caused by wind-generated turbulence. We find agreement of the calculated behavior with observations made on laboratory-scale solar pond simulation experiments. The model is used to determine pond performance under various operating conditions.
Information leakage of Feistel ciphers (2001)

We examine the information leakage between sets of plaintext and ciphertext bits in symmetric-key block ciphers. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of information leakage as a measure of cipher security by relating information leakage to linear cryptanalysis and by determining a lower bound on the amount of data required in an attack from an upper bound on information leakage. As well, a model is developed which is used to estimate the upper bound on the information leakage of a general Feistel (1975) block cipher. For a cipher that fits the model well, the results of the analysis can be used as a measure in determining the number of rounds required for security against attacks based on information leakage. It is conjectured that the CAST-128 cipher fits the model well and using the model it is predicted that information leaked from 20 or fewer plaintext bits is small enough to make an attack on CAST-128 infeasible.
Fuel Tax Incidence and Supply Conditions (2011)

The incidence of taxes on consumers and producers plays a central role in evaluating energy tax policy, yet the literature testing the main predictions of the tax incidence model is sparse. In this paper, we examine the pass-through rate of state gasoline and diesel taxes to retail prices, and importantly we estimate the dependence of pass-through on factors constraining the gasoline and diesel supply chains. We consider several factors that alter the elasticity of supply, including within state heterogeneity in gasoline content requirements, refinery capacity utilization, inventory constraints, and variation in the demand for untaxed uses of diesel. In general, we find that in periods of time when the supply chain is constrained, and the constraint is plausibly unrelated to shifts in demand, the pass-through rate of fuel taxes declines. We describe several potential implications for tax policy, including tax breaks during peak driving season and during times of supply disruptions such as after major hurricanes.
Mechanically reinforced phosphoric acid doped quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) membranes via cross-linking with functionalized graphene oxide (2014)

Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) reinforced quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) membranes were prepared for high temperature proton exchange membrane applications. The introduction of FGO significantly improved the mechanical strength and oxidative stability of these membranes at a high doping level. These reinforced membranes showed high tensile strength up to 40 MPa and high proton conductivity up to 58 mS cm(-1) at 200 °C.
Zone Plate Determination of Dominant Wave-Length of Filtered Lamp Light (1934)

Use is made of the enormous inverse chromatic aberration of a zone plate to determine the dominant wave-length, so far as the eye is concerned, of the light from a lamp of definite color temperature transmitted through members of a group of gelatin filters. For representative members of the group this wave-length is compared with the center of gravity of the luminosity curve plotted with the aid of the energy distribution of the lamp, the transmission percentages for the filters and the visibility curve for the normal eye.
NasR, a novel RNA-binding protein, mediates nitrate-responsive transcription antitermination of the Klebsiella oxytoca m5al nasF operon leader in Vitro (1998)

In Klebsiella oxytoca (pneumoniae), enzymes required for nitrate assimilation are encoded by the nasFEDCBA operon. Previous genetic studies led to the conclusion that nitrate and nitrite induction of nasF operon expression is determined by a transcriptional antitermination mechanism. In the presence of nitrate or nitrite, the nasR gene product is hypothesized to inhibit transcription termination at the factor-independent terminator site located in the nasF operon leader region. To test this model in vitro, we first purified NasR as both a maltose binding protein fusion form (MBP-NasR) and a His6-tagged form (His6-NasR). Templates for in vitro transcription contained the nasF operon leader region, with a substitution of the sigma70-dependent tac promoter for the native sigmaN-dependent promoter. We found that in vitro transcription of the leader template terminated at the terminator site, and that MBP-NasR and His6-NasR proteins both caused transcription readthrough of this site in response to nitrate or nitrite. Half-maximal antitermination required nitrate or nitrite at moderate (1 to 10 microM) concentrations, and several other anions tested, including chlorate, were without effect. Previous in vivo analysis of leader deletions identified regions required for both negative regulation (the terminator) and for positive regulation. Results from in vitro transcription of these deletion templates correlated fully with the in vivo analysis. Finally, electrophoresis mobility shift analysis revealed that His6-NasR bound specifically to nasF leader RNA. This binding was independent of nitrate in vitro. These results strongly support the conclusions drawn from previous in vivo analysis, and establish that NasR mediates ligand-responsive transcription antitermination through interaction with nasF leader RNA.
National Survey of Prevalence of Asthma Among Children in the United States, 1976 to 1980 (1988)

The trend in the prevalence of reported asthma was determined from data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. The reported prevalence of ever having asthma increased among 6- to 11-year-old children between the first (1971 to 1974) and second (1976 to 1980) National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (4.8% to 7.6%, P less than .01). The epidemiology of asthma among children and adolescents 3 to 17 years of age in the United States was examined using data collected in the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. In this paper, asthma is defined as current disease diagnosed by a physician and/or frequent trouble with wheezing during the past 12 months, not counting colds or the flu. Asthma was reported for 6.7% of youths overall and was higher in black than white children (9.4% v 6.2%, P less than .01), boys than girls (7.8% v 5.5%, P less than .01), and urban than rural areas (7.1% v 5.7%, P less than .05). Asthmatic children had a higher prevalence of other allergies (42.6% v 13.2%, P less than .01) and of allergen skin test reactivity (44.5% v 20.7%, P less than .01) than nonasthmatic children. Most asthmatics had their first asthmatic episode before their third birthday. No effect of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of asthma was noted.
Some investigations on the effect of the location of feed on the impedance of a rectangular microstrip antenna operated in the first higher‐order mode (1991)

Abstract The variation of input impedance of a rectangular microstrip antenna with the change of location of feed point is studied. An improvement in the 1:2 VSWR impedance bandwidth is achieved by exciting the antenna at the first higher‐order mode.
Cytotoxicity of fucosterol containing fraction of marine algae against breast and colon carcinoma cell line (2012)

These results indicated that fucosterol, the most abundant phytosterol in brown algae, is responsible for cytotoxic effect of this extract against breast and colon carcinoma cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Convergent Approaches to the Syntheses of Long‐Chain Aliphatic Hydroxy Ketones: Potential Bioactive Compounds of Plant Origin. (1990)

Abstract The title compounds (VII) and (XI) are prepared as shown.
The Nature of the Hydrogen Bond (2009)

Abstract Hydrogen bond (H-bond) effects are well known: it makes sea water liquid, joins cellulose microfibrils in sequoia trees, shapes DNA into chromosomes, and polypeptide chains into wool, hair, muscles, or enzymes. However, its very nature is much less known and we may still wonder why O-H···O energies range from less than 1 to more than 30 kcal/mol without evident reason. This H-bond puzzle is tackled here by a new approach aimed to obtain full rationalization and comprehensive interpretation of the H-bond in terms of classical chemical-bond theories starting from the very root of the problem, an extended compilation of H-bond energies and geometries derived from modern thermodynamic and structural databases. From this analysis new concepts emerge: new classes of systematically strong H-bonds (CAHBs and RAHBs: charge- and resonance-assisted H-bonds); full H-bond classification in six classes (the chemical leitmotifs); assessment of the covalent nature of all strong H-bonds. This finally leads to three distinct though inter-consistent theoretical models able to rationalize the H-bond and to predict its strength which are based on the classical VB theory (electrostatic-covalent H-bond model, ECHBM), the matching of donor-acceptor acid-base parameters (PA/pKa equalization principle), and the shape of the H-bond proton-transfer pathway (transition-state H-bond theory, TSHBT). A number of important chemical and biochemical systems where strong H-bonds play an important functional role are surveyed, such as enzymatic catalysis, ion-transport through cell membranes, crystal packing, prototropic tautomerism, and molecular mechanisms of functional materials. Particular attention is paid to the drug-receptor binding process and to the interpretation of the enthalpy-entropy compensation phenomenon.
The prevalence of Peyronie's disease: results of a large survey (2001)

This is the first large cross-sectional, community-based study to examine the prevalence of Peyronie's disease. Using previously validated questions the prevalence of Peyronie's disease in the sample was 3.2%; this is much higher than indicated in previous reports. A comparably high prevalence is reported for diabetes and urolithiasis, suggesting that this 'rare' disease is more widespread than previously thought.
PointGrow: Autoregressively Learned Point Cloud Generation with Self-Attention (2018)

Generating 3D point clouds is challenging yet highly desired. This work presents a novel autoregressive model, PointGrow, which can generate diverse and realistic point cloud samples from scratch or conditioned on semantic contexts. This model operates recurrently, with each point sampled according to a conditional distribution given its previously-generated points, allowing inter-point correlations to be well-exploited and 3D shape generative processes to be better interpreted. Since point cloud object shapes are typically encoded by long-range dependencies, we augment our model with dedicated self-attention modules to capture such relations. Extensive evaluations show that PointGrow achieves satisfying performance on both unconditional and conditional point cloud generation tasks, with respect to realism and diversity. Several important applications, such as unsupervised feature learning and shape arithmetic operations, are also demonstrated.
Power and Knowledge (2005)

This article deals with the power wielded by the primary industry partners in knowledge-intensive networks in the new materials development technology field. Industry partners have a disproportionate influence on the structure and functioning of networks. The power can be explicit or invisible and is mediated and reshaped by factors such as the nature of the process being researched, the ‘distance’ to commercialization, the competitive strategy of the industry partner and its research and development capacity. These factors do not, however, detract from the industry partner's dominant role in the network.
Impairment of the human phagocyte oxidative responses caused by Leishmania lipophosphoglycan (LPG): In vitro studies (1994)

Lipophosphoglycan (LPG), a surface glycoconjugate of Leishmania promastigotes, has been reported as playing an active role in protecting the parasite within phagolysosomes, by an impairment of monocyte oxidative responses.In this study the effect of LPG on the oxidative burst of human peripheral monocytes, eosinophils and neutrophils was evaluated.Our results demonstrated that either superoxide anion (O z-) or hydrogen peroxide (H20 2) release by LPG-pretreated cells was diminished, emphasizing the ability of this glycoconjugate to impair the oxidative activity of all phagocytes.
TouchInteract: An Interaction Technique with Large Displays Using Touchscreen-Phone (2010)

At present, more and more large-scale displays appear in public and semi-public places, but very few of them have interaction capabilities. We present Touch Interact: a novel interaction technique with large displays using touch screen-phone. Touch Interact allows users to remotely control the large displays using their touch screen mobile phone. Users can sliding or tapping on the mobile phone's touch screen, or pressing the phone's keyboard, these operations are converted to standard input event stream, and then they are sent via Blue tooth to the large displays, the large displays analyse and process the standard input event stream, then transform it to user's intent such as cursor positioning, object selection, text input, etc.
Making it work (1989)

The nursing process is not carved on tablets of stone. Ruth Sander describes how it works for her patients
THE ENTIRE COMPOUND AUTOSOMES OF <i>DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER</i> (1981)

Three new unusual compound chromosomes have been synthesized in Drosophila melanogaster. They consist of two homologous autosomes joined together in the new order: right arm, left arm, centromere, left arm, right arm, for each of the two major autosomes, and one in which chromosomes 2 and 3 have been combined in the order: right arm of 2, left arm of 2, centromere, left arm of 3, right arm of 3. The attachments of the autosomal arms were accomplished by obtaining chromosome breaks at or very close to the ends of the left arms of the autosomes such that no essential chromosome material has been removed; the compounds derived from them are therefore referred to as entire compounds. These large chromosomes are recovered in progeny with frequencies lower than expectation partly because of zygote mortality associated with these chromosomes, and partly because of a failure of spermiogenesis.