gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Management of Priapism in Sickle Cell Anemia (1978)

After assessing the data currently available on the multiple modalities used to manage priapism secondary to sickle cell disease we adopted a specific therapeutic regimen for the treatment of this problem. Early non-surgical measures, including hydration, alkalization and analgesics, rapid red cell infusion to double the hematocrit and late shunting procedures in conjunction with exchange transfusion, offer the soundest approach on pathophysiological grounds. There is currently no evidence to support early surgical intervention as the best approach to conserve potency in this problem.
Generation of fusion neutrons in laser irradiation of a conical target (1978)

The total neutron yield was measured as a function of energy for a 30/sup 0/ lead target containing deuterium at a pressure of 0.5 atm.
Reversal of Pulmonary Hypertension by Prolonged Oxygen Administration to Patients with Chronic Bronchitis (1968)

Established pulmonary hypertension associated with hypoxemia in patients with chronic bronchitis is probably secondary to hyperplasia of the smooth muscle of pulmonary arterioles. To investigate the possibility that this increase in pulmonary arterial pressure was reversible, the floating catheter technique was used to study the effects of continuous administration of oxygen for 4 to 8 weeks on the pulmonary circulation. In six patients, there was a gradual fall in pulmonary arterial pressure, the mean pressure for the group being 42.5 mm Hg before, and 32.3 mm Hg after, the period of oxygen administration. All measurements were made when the patients breathed air. There was no change in cardiac output. Hematocrit decreased from 51.4% to 42.5%, but total blood volume remained unchanged. It has been shown previously that brief inhalation of oxygen can cause a slight temporary reduction in the pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic bronchitis and anoxemia. The present findings show that the residual, established hypertension is also reversible if oxygen therapy is continued for weeks. It is suggested that this reversal may be brought about by regression of the muscular hyperplasia of the small pulmonary vessels consequent to longterm relief of hypoxia.
Studies of Holographic Gratings Formed in Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films and Their Dynamical Behavior (1998)

Abstract We have developed an economic liquid crystal-polymer dispersion material that can be used for storing optical holographic images, The obtained results show that the written grating-holograms are permanent, but are electrically switchable. Further, we studied the dynamical behavior and the temperature-dependence of the formed gratings. The gratings morphologies were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed the thermal grating was competing with the grating due to photopolymerization. The former dominated in the initial period, Later, it was offset or quenched by the photopolymerization effect which eventually dominated and determined the characteristics of the final gratings whose diffraction efficiencies were found to have a good correlation with their SEM images.
Optical Properties of Uniform Particle-Size Latexes* (1954)

Polyvinyltoluene latexes having uniform particle-diameters have been prepared. Diameters range from about 100 mμ to 1000 mμ. When such a monodisperse latex is dried down to the form of a friable film, the particles spontaneously arrange themselves in a close-packed crystalline array. The structure of these crystals has been investigated by means of the electron microscope, utilizing a surface replica technique.The diameters of the particles were measured optically by three different methods: (1) for particles with diameters less than 276 mμ, the sizes were determined by dissymmetry of light scattering of dilute solutions, (2) for particles with diameters between 302 mμ and 481 mμ the sizes were determined by diffraction from the dried crystalline samples, (3) for particles greater than 595 mμ in diameter the sizes were determined by interference haloes from thin dried films of the samples. Agreement is good with particle-sizes determined from electron microscopy.The diffraction from the crystalline samples of intermediate particle-size is shown to be that for a two-dimensional grating. It is suggested that these crystalline arrays be used as spectroscopic diffraction gratings.
Moving or mimicking the market?: the opportunities and constraints of state public employee health plans (2019)

State public employee health plans (PEHPs) are large employer-based health purchasers. Despite their size, little is known about the roles that PEHPs, as major purchasers, can or do play in the state health care environment. This dissertation explores two competing images of PEHPs to understand: 1) what accounts for different views on the roles that PEHP purchasers play within state health care systems, 2) how have different states leveraged the purchasing practices of PEHPs in an attempt to broadly influence aspects of state health care systems, and 3) what factors have characterized the experiences of these efforts. This dissertation finds that PEHPs represent potentially important actors in very large and sophisticated state health care systems. However, the purchasing power of PEHPs is not universal and immutable and is highly contingent on key political and market influences that may likewise drive PEHP policy variation across other states. It remains puzzling that policy scholars have largely ignored the roles that PEHPs, as major purchasers, can and do play in the state health care environment. Based on this initial study of PEHP policymaking in two states, however, much more research is needed to fully understand the factors driving PEHP policymaking and the roles that PEHPs play in state health care systems.
Unrecognized Aortoiliac Stenosis (1971)

Translumbar aortography failed to show significant iliac artery disease in 28 patients, because the lesions were not oriented in profile to the x-ray film. To overcome this limitation of aortography, a hemodynamic test was designed to diagnose significant iliac occlusive disease by eliciting a pressure gradient across the iliac artery during exercise. Forty patients with intermittent claudication, whose aortograms failed to show iliac stenoses, were studied with this hemodynamic test. Seventeen of the 28 patients found to have iliac artery disease by exercise testing underwent aortoiliac reconstruction, with total relief or improvement of symptoms in 95%; 18 of the 28 patients had concomitant superficial femoral artery occlusion. This technique has helped us to avoid performing femoral-popliteal reconstruction in the patients with covert aortoiliac disease.
<i>Hoplia equina</i>(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Nontarget Capture Using 2-Tetradecanone–Baited Traps (2005)

Using bucket traps baited with 2-tetradecanone, the sex pheromone of Hoplia equina LeConte, an important pest of cranberries in Massachusetts, we investigated the effect of trap height, color, pheromone load, and lure aging on male capture, as well as captures of nontarget arthropods including pollinators. Male capture was inversely related to height of traps over the four heights tested (0, 20, 60, and 100 cm). Captures increased with increasing pheromone load over the doses of 0, 100, 300, and 600 g, but captures at the highest load, 1,000 g, were not signicantly different from 300 or 600 g. H. equina captures were strongly diurnal, with a ight period spanning 6 wk starting in mid-June. Vane color of traps (white, yellow, green, blue, red, black) did not affect H. equina capture but signicantly inuenced capture of nontargets, including pollinators. A bucket trap with the funnel opening at 20 cm, and green (or red) vanes, baited with 600 g of 2-tetradecanone, was the optimal design for high male capture and low nontarget capture. The low-cost capture of over 50,000 H. equina on a 2.4-ha commercial bog in Massachusetts with this lure-trap combination indicates the feasibility of mass trapping for managing established infestations of H. equina.
08031 Abstracts Collection – Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems (2008)

From 13.01. to 18.01.2008, the Dagstuhl Seminar 08031 ``Software Engineering for Self-Adaptive Systems'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
The Importance of the Mac‐1, LFA‐1 Glycoprotein Family in Monocyte and Granulocyte Adherence, Chemotaxis, and Migration into Inflammatory Sites: Insights from an Experiment of Nature (1986)

The Mac-1, LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated 1), p150,95 family of glycoproteins, which share a common beta subunit of Mr 95 000, are of widespread importance in leucocyte adhesion reactions. This paper focuses on the role of this glycoprotein family in granulocyte and monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis in vitro, and in migration into inflammatory sites in vivo. Most findings have been made with granulocytes, but results with monocytes are similar. Some studies have used leucocytes from patients exhibiting a severe or moderate deficiency in expression of this glycoprotein family, which is secondary to a defect in the common beta subunit. Patients are susceptible to bacterial infections and have defective pus formation and Rebuck skin-window tests, despite chronic granulocytosis. Granulocytes from such patients exhibit defective adherence to serum albumin and fibronectin-coated glass or plastic, defective orientation and directed migration in response to chemoattractants, and are defective in chemoattractant-stimulated aggregation and hyperadherence. Antibodies to the common beta subunit, to the Mac-1 alpha subunit, and to a lesser extent to the LFA-1 and p150,95 alpha subunits, inhibit many of the same functional responses by normal cells. In normal granulocytes and monocytes chemoattractants stimulate a five-fold increase in Mac-1 and p150,95 surface expression, by mobilization of a latent, presumably intracellular, pool. Cells from patients are deficient in up-regulation of these molecules but show normal up-regulation of other surface receptors, degranulation and oxidative burst. The hypothesis is presented that Mac-1 and p150,95 regulate or directly mediate the increase in granulocyte and monocyte adhesivity, which is essential for diapedesis, chemotaxis and migration into inflammatory sites.
Physics and technical considerations in the design of the DSR: a high temporal resolution volume scanner (1980)

A multiple x-ray source, high-speed, transaxial scanner system (DSR) is about to undergo evaluation studies. The capability for programmable scanning modes and operator-interactive retrospective reconfiguration of scan data makes the DSR a very powerful research tool. The physics and technological basis for system design and selection of several major components of the DSR scanner are discussed.
100% Complete response rate in patients with cutaneous metastatic melanoma treated with intralesional interleukin (IL)-2, imiquimod, and topical retinoid combination therapy: Results of a case series (2015)

Intralesional IL-2 administered concomitantly with topical imiquimod and a retinoid cream is a promising therapeutic option for managing cutaneous melanoma metastases. The regimen was well tolerated and should be considered as a reasonable alternative to surgical excision.
CALCIUM CHANNEL ANTAGONISTS AUGMENT HYDROXYUREA- AND RU486-INDUCED INHIBITION OF MENINGIOMA GROWTH IN VIVO AND IN VITRO (2006)

The addition of diltiazem or verapamil to HU or RU486 augments meningioma growth inhibition in vitro by inducing apoptosis and G1 cell-cycle arrest. The combination of HU and diltiazem inhibited the growth of meningiomas in vivo by decreasing proliferation and microvascular density. These results suggest a possible role for these drugs as an additional adjuvant therapy for recurrent or unresectable meningiomas.
Identification of digital impairments in a voiceband channel (2003)

Some recently developed analog transmission tests and some familiar analog transmission tests that can give the end user the ability to report specific digital impairments to the exchange carrier or interexchange carrier are discussed. Trouble reports with this specific digital impairment identification can be resolved more rapidly. It is shown how analog testing techniques for slips, bit errors, digital pads, digital timing jitter, and adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) permit identification of digital impairments or reduced allocation of bits ranging from unambiguous signatures to probable cause.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Abdominal Trauma After Terrorist Bombing Attacks Exhibits a Unique Pattern of Injury (2008)

Terrorist attacks generate more severe injuries to more body regions than other types of trauma. Abdominal injury inflicted by terrorist bombings causes a unique pattern of wounds, mainly injury to hollow organs. Shrapnel is the leading cause of abdominal injury following terrorist bombings.
Stimulation of fracture healing with ultrasound: H.-G. Knoch and W. Klug Dresden 1991, Approx. 105pp. DM98.00, ISBN 3-540-53674-4 (1994)

In this paper the design and operation of an analogue-to-digital (A/D) converter and a digital-to-analogue (D/A) converter interfaced to an AIM-65 8-bit microcomputer are described. These converters are built from integrated circuits on two separate printed-circuit cards. The A/D card also incorporates an eight-channel multiplexer, and the D/A card has a latch that keeps the output constant while the data acquisition takes place.
Dimensioning and worst-case analysis of cluster-tree sensor networks (2010)

Modeling the fundamental performance limits of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is of paramount importance to understand their behavior under the worst-case conditions and to make the appropriate design choices. This is particular relevant for time-sensitive WSN applications, where the timing behavior of the network protocols (message transmission must respect deadlines) impacts on the correct operation of these applications. In that direction this article contributes with a methodology based on Network Calculus, which enables quick and efficient worst-case dimensioning of static or even dynamically changing cluster-tree WSNs where the data sink can either be static or mobile. We propose closed-form recurrent expressions for computing the worst-case end-to-end delays, buffering and bandwidth requirements across any source-destination path in a cluster-tree WSN. We show how to apply our methodology to the case of IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee cluster-tree WSNs. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and analyze the accuracy of our methodology through a comprehensive experimental study using commercially available technology, namely TelosB motes running TinyOS.
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Superinfection Enhances the Severity of Mouse Bladder Infection (2015)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) afflict over 9 million women in America every year, often necessitating long-term prophylactic antibiotics. One risk factor for UTI is frequent sexual intercourse, which dramatically increases the risk of UTI. The mechanism behind this increased risk is unknown; however, bacteriuria increases immediately after sexual intercourse episodes, suggesting that physical manipulation introduces periurethral flora into the urinary tract. In this paper, we investigated whether superinfection (repeat introduction of bacteria) resulted in increased risk of severe UTI, manifesting as persistent bacteriuria, high titer bladder bacterial burdens and chronic inflammation, an outcome referred to as chronic cystitis. Chronic cystitis represents unchecked luminal bacterial replication and is defined histologically by urothelial hyperplasia and submucosal lymphoid aggregates, a histological pattern similar to that seen in humans suffering chronic UTI. C57BL/6J mice are resistant to chronic cystitis after a single infection; however, they developed persistent bacteriuria and chronic cystitis when superinfected 24 hours apart. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), keratinocyte cytokine (KC/CXCL1), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the serum of C57BL/6J mice prior to the second infection predicted the development of chronic cystitis. These same cytokines have been found to precede chronic cystitis in singly infected C3H/HeN mice. Furthermore, inoculating C3H/HeN mice twice within a six-hour period doubled the proportion of mice that developed chronic cystitis. Intracellular bacterial replication, regulated hemolysin (HlyA) expression, and caspase 1/11 activation were essential for this increase. Microarrays conducted at four weeks post inoculation in both mouse strains revealed upregulation of IL-1 and antimicrobial peptides during chronic cystitis. These data suggest a mechanism by which caspase-1/11 activation and IL-1 secretion could predispose certain women to recurrent UTI after frequent intercourse, a predisposition predictable by several serum biomarkers in two murine models.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE LITHIATION OF SOME THIOKETALS USING LITHIUM 1‐(DIMETHYLAMINO)NAPHTHALENIDE (1980)

Abstract Aus dem Cyclopropanondithioketal (I) erhält man nach Lithiierung mit dem Lithiumnaphthalid (II) und Umsetzung mit den Elektrophilen (III) die Cyclopropylphenylsulfide (IV).
Functional genomic analysis of drug sensitivity pathways to guide adjuvant strategies in breast cancer (2008)

The widespread introduction of high throughput RNA interference screening technology has revealed tumour drug sensitivity pathways to common cytotoxics such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, targeted agents such as trastuzumab and inhibitors of AKT and Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) as well as endocrine therapies such as tamoxifen. Given the limited power of microarray signatures to predict therapeutic response in associative studies of small clinical trial cohorts, the use of functional genomic data combined with expression or sequence analysis of genes and microRNAs implicated in drug response in human tumours may provide a more robust method to guide adjuvant treatment strategies in breast cancer that are transferable across different expression platforms and patient cohorts.
Identification and characterization of a novel murine allele of Tmprss6 (2013)

Mutagenesis screens can establish mouse models of utility for the study of critical biological processes such as iron metabolism. Such screens can produce mutations in novel genes or establish novel alleles of known genes, both of which can be useful tools for study. In order to identify genes of relevance to hematologic as well as other phenotypes, we performed N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis in C57BL/6J mice. An anemic mouse was identified and a putative mutation was characterized by mapping, sequencing and in vitro activity analysis. The mouse strain was backcrossed for ten generations then phenotypically characterized with respect to a previously established null mouse strain. Potential modifying loci were identified by quantitative trait locus analysis. Mapping and sequencing in an anemic mouse termed hem8 identified an I286F substitution in Tmprss6, a serine protease essential for iron metabolism; this substitution impaired in vitro protease activity. After backcrossing to C57BL6/J for ten generations, the hem8(-/-) strain exhibited a phenotype similar in some but not all aspects to that of Tmprss6(-/-) mice. The hem8 and Tmprss6-null mutations were allelic. Both hem8(-/-) and Tmprss6(-/-) mice responded similarly to pharmacological modulators of bone morphogenetic protein signaling, a key regulator of iron metabolism. Quantitative trait locus analysis in the hem8 strain identified potential modifying loci on chromosomes 2, 4, 7 and 10. In conclusion, the hem8 mouse model carries a novel allele of Tmprss6. Potential uses for this strain in the study of iron metabolism are discussed.
Thermal analysis of laser interstitial thermotherapy in<i>ex vivo</i>fibro-fatty tissue using exponential functions (2004)

A therapeutic procedure to treat small, surface breast tumours up to 10 mm in radius plus a 5 mm margin of healthy, surrounding tissue using laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT) is currently being investigated. The purpose of this study is to analyse and model the thermal and coagulative response of ex vivo fibro-fatty tissue, a model for breast tissue, during experimental laser interstitial thermotherapy at 980 nm. Laser radiation at 980 nm was delivered interstitially through a diffusing tip optical fibre inserted into a fibro-fatty tissue model to produce controlled heating at powers ranging from 3.2 to 8.0 W. Tissue temperature was measured with thermocouples placed at 15 positions around the fibre. The induced coagulation zone was measured on gross anatomical sections. Thermal analysis indicates that a finite sum of exponential functions is an approximate solution to the heat conduction equation that more accurately predicts the time-temperature dependence in tissue prior to carbonization (T < 100 degrees C) during LITT than the traditional model using a single exponential function. Analysis of the ellipsoid coagulation volume induced in tissue indicates that the 980 nm wavelength does not penetrate deep enough in fibro-fatty tissue to produce a desired 30 mm diameter (14.1 x 10(3) mm3) coagulation volume without unwanted tissue liquefaction and carbonization.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α and Interleukin 1β in Synovial Fluid of Infants and Children With Suppurative Arthritis (1990)

• Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β concentrations were measured in synovial fluid of 24 infants and children with diagnoses of suppurative arthritis (n = 16) and other kinds of arthritis (n = 8). Large concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α (range, 100 to 85 000 pg/mL) were found in 12(75%) of 16 patients with bacterial infection and in none of the patients with noninfectious origins. Large concentrations of interleukin 1β (200 pg/mL) were found in 15(94%) of 16 patients with bacterial infection and in none of the other patients. In the latter group, small concentrations of interleukin 1 (range, 40 to 120 pg/mL) were present in 5 (63%) of 8 patients. Serum samples obtained simultaneously were negative for both cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β concentrations correlated significantly and with leukocyte counts in synovial fluid. We conclude that large concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β are produced locally in patients with suppurative arthritis and they may be potentially useful in differentiating this condition from other kinds of arthritis. (<i>AJDC.</i>1990;144:353-356)