gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RF Measurements for Cellular Phones and Wireless Data Systems (2008)

The only source for practical, real-world information on RF measurements for cellular phones and wireless data systems It is predicted that by the year 2010, all digital wireless communications equipmentincluding cellular, PCS, and 3G phones; wireless LANs; GPS navigation systems; and DBS TVwill have data transfer capabilities of over 1 Mbps. Now, as this significant turning point quickly approaches, this book presents everything industry professionals need to know about the Radio Frequency (RF) measurements and tests that must be made on this new generation of digital wireless communications equipment. Presenting just enough theory as is absolutely required for comprehension, RF Measurements for Cellular Phones and Wireless Data Systems: Provides a review of basic RF principles and terminology Describes RF measurement equipment, including signal generators, power meters, frequency meters, vector network analyzers, spectrum analyzers, and vector signal analyzers Explains the RF devices that are used in cellular phones and wireless data transmission equipmenthow they work, what their critical performance parameters are, how they're tested, and typical test results Illustrates the testing of RF devices and systems with digitally modulated signals that represent the voice, video, or data that the RF wave is carrying RF Measurements for Cellular Phones and Wireless Data Systems has been written to serve as the industry standard for RF measurements and testing. It is an indispensable resource for engineers, technicians, and managers involved in the construction, installation, or maintenance of cell phones and wireless data equipment.
A Stable Gene Transfer System for Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells from Human Bone Marrow Using Pseudotyped Retroviral Vectors (2004)

Recombinant DNA technology has permitted tremendous progression in delivering genes into cells; however, further advances in gene replacement techniques are needed prior to application to hematological diseases. One of the greatest obstacles to gene therapy in human hematopoietic stem cells is the lack of a defined protocol in humans and low transduction efficiency. Currently, murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is the most popular choice as a gene transfer vehicle but it cannot infect non-dividing cells. In our study, vesicular stomatitis G protein pseudotyped MuLV and HIV-1 were produced by a split gene transfection method. Mononuclear cells were separated from healthy human bone marrow and pre-stimulated with cytokines to form myeloid cell lineages. The cells were infected at different MOls with highly concentrated virus and infection rates were analyzed by flow cytometry and progenitor cell assays. eGFP expression was much higher when using HIV-1 system than when using MuLV. Progenitor cell assays agreed with the results obtained by FACS, but the difference was less great. We conclude that the lentiviral system is more suitable for gene transfer to hematopoietic progenitor cells probably because it stably infects both dividing and non-dividing cells. In addition, fibronectin was shown to improve the rate of infection with HIV-1.
Highly selective Janus kinase 3 inhibitors based on a pyrrolo[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidine scaffold: evaluation of WO2013085802 (2013)

A series of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives have previously been claimed as Janus kinase (JAK) 1 selective inhibitors. Introduction of a 4-aryl substituent onto this bicyclic scaffold modulates the JAK selectivity profile, thus providing JAK3 selective inhibitors. This patent application claims such compounds as JAK3 inhibitors. Many of the compounds exemplified show > 100,000-fold selectivity for JAK3 over JAK2. The inhibitors are claimed to be useful in the treatment of respiratory diseases, arthritis and cancer.
The impact of blinding on the results of a randomized, placebo‐controlled multiple sclerosis clinical trial (1994)

In the randomized, placebo-controlled, physician-blinded Canadian cooperative trial of cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange, neither active treatment regimens (group I: i.v. cyclophosphamide and prednisone; group II: weekly plasma exchange, oral cyclophosphamide, and prednisone) were superior to placebo (group III: sham plasma exchange and placebo medications) using the blinded, evaluating neurologists' assessments of disease course (primary analysis). All patients were examined by both a blinded and an unblinded neurologist at each assessment in this trial. We compared the blinded and unblinded neurologists' judgment of treatment response and analyzed the clinical behavior of patients who correctly guessed their treatment. The unblinded (but not the blinded) neurologists' scores demonstrated an apparent treatment benefit at 6, 12, and 24 months for the group II patients (not group I or placebo; p < 0.05, two-tailed). There were no significant differences in the time to treatment failure or in the proportions of patients improved, stable, or worse between the group II and group III patients who correctly guessed their treatment assignments and those who did not. Physician blinding prevented an erroneous conclusion about treatment efficacy (false positive, type 1 error).
Effect of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab-chitosan nanoparticles on retina of diabetic rats. (2014)

The results offer a new approach for inhibiting angiogenesis of diabetic retinopathy and indicate that the intravitreal injection of bevacizumab inhibits VEGF expression in retina, and bevacizumab-chitosan nanoparticles have a longer duration of action.
A homogeneous linear programming algorithm for the security constrained economic dispatch problem (2000)

This paper presents a study of the simplified homogeneous and self-dual (SHSD) linear programming (LP) interior point algorithm applied to the security constrained economic dispatch (SCED) problem. Unlike other interior point SCED applications that consider only the N security problem, this paper considers both (N-1) and (N-2) network security conditions. An important feature of the optimizing interior point LP algorithm is that it can detect infeasibility of the SCED problem reliably. This feature is particularly important in SCED applications since line overloading following a contingency often results in an infeasible schedule. The proposed method is demonstrated on the IEEE 24 bus test system and a practical 175 bus network. A comparison is carried out with the predictor-corrector interior point algorithm for the SCED problem presented previously (see ibid., vol. 12, no.2, p.803-10, 1997).
Smart underwater wireless sensor networks (2012)

In the last years, with the flourishing of the WSN (wireless sensor network) paradigm, the monitoring and exploration of the terrestrial environment has greatly improved. While terrestrial and aerial WSN applications have been developed, the aquatic world has been unaffected by this revolution, although WSN could play an important role in the underwater framework as well. This is mainly due to the intrinsic difficulties in transferring the conventional WSN know-how to the aquatic world: in particular, communication issues arise, as radio waves are remarkably attenuated and acoustic communication is unfeasible because of its low propagation speed. In this paper, we present an innovative proposal for a Smart Underwater WSN, where optical communication systems are exploited for creating the network among the nodes. A simulator has been developed with the aim of helping the design of the network nodes and find the best solution in terms of communication quality.
Estimation of leaf area index (LAI) using POLInSAR: Preliminary research (2011)

Polarimetric interferometric synthetic aperture radar (POLInSAR) has been used to extract the forest height successfully. Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter for the estimation of forest biomass, however presently the most of LAI extraction approaches are based on optical data. For the dense forest, the optical image is mainly the reflection of the canopy surface, and it is saturated easily for the LAI retrieval. Microwave has the relative long wave length, can penetrate into the forest and even get the backscatter information of the ground surface, so it should be an ideal tool to estimate LAI. This paper built the linear relationship between the LAI and the product of tree height and extinction coefficient, the latter two parameters can be inversed by the means of POLInSAR technique. At last, this study provides a preliminary experimental result, which shows that the linear relationship between the LAI retrieved from the SPOT-5 image and the product of tree height and extinction coefficient inversed from POLInSAR based on RADARSAT-2 image pairs.
Solid Counters: Scintillation Counters, (1948)

Abstract : In the early phases of nuclear research, scintillation counters proved valuable for detection of alpha particles. In this technique, as perfected by Rutherford and his co-workers, scintillations produced by the excitation of fluorescent and phosphorescent screens were observed visually. The method has been revived in modern form, principally by Kallman, with the use of photomultiplier tubes for the observation of light pulses, and large, transparent crystals for the conversion of as much of the energy of a penetrating particle into light as possible. A wide range of fluorescent materials has been tested by various workers. On the basis of reported efficiency and response time, the work at this laboratory was initiated using naphthalene. The first experimental arrangement consisted of a 1P21 P.M. tube mounted in a glass container stuffed with moth flakes and immersed in liquid air as shown in. With radium gamma ray source, a ratio of about 20 was observed between the counting rate of this set-up as compared with that of the photomultiplier surface alone exposed to the gamma radiation under otherwise identical conditions. As a consequence of the sensitivity (about 10 per cent gamma counting efficiency) of even this crude and inelegant device, as well as of its very simplicity, a program was undertaken with the aim of devising a rugged and adaptable basic counter unit. This program received added impetus when it was discovered that the much greater usable light output of anthracene made possible the elimination of the refrigerant. With respect to pulse width, it will be seen that the fortuitous condition exists whereby the minimum, independently observed pulse width coincides with the maximum resolution of simple, fairly conventional electronic recording equipment.
Design and Experiment of 3-Dimensional Micro-Optical System for MEMS Tunable Lasers (2006)

This paper presents a 3-dimensional micro-optical system for improving the optical coupling efficiency in the external cavity tunable lasers. It is constructed by an optical fiber and a curved mirror; the former acts as a rod lens to transform the light in one direction while the latter converges the light in the other direction. Compared with the previous MEMS lasers that have no light focusing or only in one direction, this 3D micro-optical system allows for long external cavity length and high coupling efficiency, which are critical for wide tuning range. A prototype is fabricated on SOI wafer by DRIE with an etching depth of 75 µ m. It obtains a coupling efficiency as high as 46.5% with a total external cavity length of 220 µ m. In contrast, the coupling efficiency is only 13% when the fiber rod lens is absent, and is 1% when no light transformation is involved. Compared with conventional laser optical systems that employ external ball lenses and other optical components, this 3D micro-optical system possesses the advantages of simple packaging, large alignment tolerance and easy mass production.
An improved π/4-DQPSK compatible Feher's "π/4-FQPSK" nonlinearly amplified modulation (2002)

In this paper, a new modulation scheme suitable for digital satellite and land mobile communications, named /spl pi//4-FQPSK, is presented. It has the combined advantages of /spl pi//4-QPSK and FQPSK techniques by using Feher's patented techniques. Many researchers have shown that conventional /spl pi//4-DQPSK has significant spectral spreading in nonlinearly amplified channels. To reduce spreading we introduce an I/Q cross correlation baseband processor, which reduces the envelope fluctuation significantly. This makes the new modulation technique more suitable for nonlinear amplification, which is desirable for applications requiring high transmit efficiency such as digital satellite and land mobile communications. Unlike other power and spectrally efficient modulation systems, such as FQPSK-1, the /spl pi//4-FQPSK modulated signal can be detected noncoherently, due to the fact that there is no offset between the I and Q channel signals. The results of computer simulations demonstrate that /spl pi//4-FQPSK modulation technique is both power and spectrally efficient.
Time-of-arrival estimation for IR-UWB systems based on two step energy detection (2008)

Time of arrival (ToA) estimation using ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission is currently the most popular technique for accurate geolocation. In this paper, we address the performance of non-coherent TOA estimation schemes of IR-UWB signals. The algorithm of estimation is based on two step (coarse and fine) energy detection. The algorithm is evaluated for a particular environment (i.e., underground mines). Hence, all simulations are performed using a generated UWB channel in an underground mine. Results show that the proposed detector greatly outperforms other conventional method like peak detection and threshold crossing method. Statistical characterizations of the normalized ranging error using this algorithm are evaluated for LOS and NLOS scenarios.
VIBRATING BRACELET INTERFACE FOR BLIND PEOPLE (2012)

There are many electronic aids for blind people in both prototype and market state. Most of them use prerecorded voice commands or speech synthesizers and a headset as a user-device interface. In order not to jam acoustic signals from environment, in this paper the authors present a vibrating bracelet as a multipoint communication interface for a mobile safety system for blind people (MOBIAN). By using several vibrating motors and a vibrating signal modulation, more data, commands and alerts a blind user is able to recognize.
Optical header recognition by spectroholographic filtering (1995)

We report on a novel scheme based on spectral holography for high-speed processing of optical header information. In this scheme, we rapidly analyze each incoming header by performing simultaneous correlation operations with a large number of headers stored in advance through angular multiplexing. Decoding is accomplished by identification of the directions that yield the maximum correlation signal. In a proof-of-concept experiment, two 5-byte ASCII addresses were decoded successfully without any ambiguity. The potential of this technique for high-speed packet switching is discussed.
A block-wise MAP decoder using a probability ratio for branch metrics (2003)

In this paper, we propose several methods for the block-wise MAP decoder for turbo codes. The novelties of this method are a branch metric obtained from the logarithm of the probability ratio and a pipelined and time-shared structure. The proposed block-wise method can reduce the excessive memory requirement and the decoding delay without increasing the complexity. In the simulation, the effects of quantization, the limits of input signals and the approximation of Max operation are considered.
Neural Circuitry of Anxiety: Evidence from Structural and Functional Neuroimaging Studies (2025)

Present understanding of the neural circuitry of anxiety has come from a variety of sources, including animal, clinical, and most recently, neuroimaging studies. Evidence from these sources has converged to form a translational bridge from animal models to human pathophysiology. In particular, the classical fear conditioning paradigm has served as a foundation for this bridge. Proposed models for the neural circuitry of normal anxiety as well as the anxiety disorders are discussed. A brief review of specific findings from neuroimaging studies of posttraumatic stress disorder, specific phobia, social phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder is also provided.
An ab Initio Study of the Structure and Properties of Aluminum Hydroxide:  Gibbsite and Bayerite (2001)

The two most important polymorphs of aluminum hydroxide, namely gibbsite and bayerite, have been studied for the first time using solid state ab initio quantum mechanical methods, both using plane wave and localized basis set methodologies, within the framework of nonlocal density functional theory. The fully optimized structures have been determined for both phases, yielding improved hydrogen positions in the case of gibbsite for which the only previous information is from X-ray data. Mechanical properties have been calculated for gibbsite, including the full elastic constants tensor and the bulk modulus. The latter is found to be 55 GPa, which is significantly lower than a recent experimental estimate. Vibrational spectra have been calculated for both phases and assignments of the hydroxyl stretching modes are proposed.
On the use of pattern matching for rapid anomaly detection in smart grid infrastructures (2011)

The Smart Grid Infrastructure (SGI) has emerged as a necessary and critical platform for provisioning intelligent and accurate services to consumers of the electric grid, in recent times. With the emergence of this infrastructure and accompanying technologies, the need for securing the same from malicious attempts by the adversary class to disrupt routine operations, cannot be understated. A standard SGI may consist of disparate and heterogeneous devices, cooperating and exchanging customer-specific data (readings), obtained from smart meters. Some of the devices connected to the SGI, such as sensors and actuators, are resource-constrained in nature. In addition, an omnipresent threat to the SGI, from the adversary class in cyberspace, does indeed exist. In this paper, a brief description of various types of malicious attacks against SGI operations, is presented. In addition, a light-weighted pattern matching technique for detecting such attacks, is discussed. The proposed scheme is capable of detecting anomalous device behavior at various levels of the SGI hierarchy, at the same time imposing minimal overhead in terms of communication and storage needed.
Experimental and Analytical Studies on Resilience Models of RC Shear Walls (2009)

In order to capture the essential features of RC shear wall resilience model,the pseudo-static test of 15 RC shear walls considering different parameters has been conducted in state key laboratory for disaster reduction in civil engineering.A tri-linear skeleton curve model including stiffness degradation is proposed and characterized by three points,which are yield point,peak point and limit point.Using analytical and experimental data,the parameters can be determined.After analysis,reloading stiffness and unloading stiffness were put forward.At last,the calculation methods for resilience models of RC shear walls were proposed.Comparison of analytical estimations with experimental measured response referred in other papers shows good results.And the resilience models proposed consider main influential factors and can be calculated simply and applied for practical purpose conveniently.
An architecture for linguistic and semantic analysis on the ARXMLIV corpus (2009)

The ARXMLIV corpus is a remarkable collection of text containing scientific mathematical discourse. With more than half a million documents, it is an ambitious target for large scale linguistic and semantic analysis, requiring a generalized and distributed approach. In this paper we implement an architecture which solves and automates the issues of knowledge representation and knowledge management, providing an abstraction layer for distributed development of semantic analysis tools. Furthermore, we enable document interaction and visualization and present current implementations of semantic tools and follow-up applications using this architecture. We identify five different stages, or purposes, which such architecture needs to address, encapsulating each in an independent module. These stages are determined by the different properties of the document formats used, as well as the state of processing and linguistic enrichment introduced so far. We discuss the need of migration between XML representations and the challenges it would pose on our system, revealing the benefits and trade-off of each format we employ. In the heart of the architecture lies the Semantic Blackboard module. The Semantic Blackboard comprises a system based on a centralized RDF database which can facilitate distributed corpus analysis of arbitrary applications, or analysis modules. This is achieved by providing a document abstraction layer and a mechanism for storing, reusing and communicating results via RDF stand-off annotations deposited in the central database. Achieving a properly encapsulated and automated pipeline from the input corpus document to a semantically enriched output in a state-of-the-art representation is the task of the Preprocessing, Semantic Result and Output Generation modules. Each of them addresses the task of format migration and enhances the document for further semantic enrichment or aggregation. The fifth module, targeting Visualization and Feedback, enables user interaction and display of different stages of processing. The overall architecture purpose is to facilitate the development and execution of semantic analysis tools for the ARXMLIV corpus, automating the migration of knowledge representation and establishing a complete pipeline to both a presentation and content enriched document representation. Additionally, we present three applications based on this architecture. Mathematical Formula Disambiguation (MFD) embodies an analysis module that uses heuristic pattern matching to disambiguate symbol and structure semantics. Context Based Formula Understanding (CBFU) is another Semantic Blackboard module which in turn focuses on establishing context relationships between symbols, helping to disambiguate their semantics. We also present the Applicable Theorem Search (ATS) system, a follow-up application that performs search functions, retrieving theorem preconditions for the user.
Retrieval of water-leaving radiance and aerosol optical thickness over the oceans with SeaWiFS: a preliminary algorithm (1994)

The second generation of ocean-color-analyzing instruments requires more accurate atmospheric correction than does the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS), if one is to utilize fully their increased radiometric sensitivity. Unlike the CZCS, the new instruments possess bands in the near infrared (NIR) that are solely for aiding atmospheric correction. We show, using aerosol models, that certain assumptions regarding the spectral behavior of the aerosol reflectance employed in the standard CZCS correction algorithm are not valid over the spectral range encompassing both the visible and the NIR. Furthermore, we show that multiple-scattering effects on the algorithm depend significantly on the aerosol model. Following these observations, we propose an algorithm that utilizes the NIR bands for atmospheric correction to the required accuracy. Examples of the dependence of the error on the aerosol model, the turbidity of the atmosphere, and surface roughness (waves) are provided. The error in the retrieved phytoplankton-pigment concentration (the principal product of ocean-color sensors) induced by errors in the atmospheric correction are shown to be <20% in approximately 90% of the cases examined. Finally, the aerosol thickness (τ(α)) is estimated through a simple extension of the correction algorithm. Simulations suggest that the error in the recovered value of τ(α) should be ≲ 10%.