gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consensus Statements From a Multidisciplinary Expert Panel on the Utilization and Application of a Liver-Specific MRI Contrast Agent (Gadoxetic Acid) (2015)

OBJECTIVE. This systematic review presents evidence-based consensus statements as reported by a multidisciplinary expert panel (six abdominal radiologists, four hepatobiliary surgeons, and two hepatologists) regarding the use of gadoxetic acid for liver MRI. CONCULSION. Although this review highlights the incremental diagnostic value of hepatobiliary phase imaging with gadoxetic acid-enhanced liver MRI in multiple clinical scenarios, there remains a need for further impact studies for some clinical applications, such as hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis.
Determination of Peroxides in Synthetic Rubbers (1945)

Abstract Peroxides are found in synthetic rubbers either as the result of attack by oxygen, usually from the air, or as a residue from polymerization operations employing peroxide catalysts. Because of possible detrimental effects of active oxygen on the properties of the rubber, a method of quantitative determination is needed. The concentration of peroxides in substances of lower molecular weight may be determined with ferrous thiocyanate reagent, either titrimetrically as recommended by Yule and Wilson or colorimetrically as by Young, Vogt, and Nieuwland. Unfortunately, many highly polymeric substances are not soluble in the acetone and methanol solutions employed in these procedures. This is also the case with hydrocarbon monomers, such as butadiene, containing appreciable concentrations of soluble high molecular weight polymers. Bolland, Sundralingam, Sutton and Tristram recommended benzene as a solvent for natural rubber samples and the reagent made up in methanol. However, most synthetic rubbers are not readily soluble even in this combination. The following procedure employs the ferrous thiocyanate reagent in combination with a solvent capable of maintaining considerable concentrations of synthetic rubber in solution. The solvent comprises essentially 20 per cent ethanol in chloroform.
ChemInform Abstract: Muscoride A: A New Oxazole Peptide Alkaloid from Freshwater Cyanobacterium Nostoc muscorum. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular Investigations of an Outbreak of Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in a Hematology Unit (2007)

A large simultaneous outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and parainfluenza type 3 (PIV-3) infections occurred on an adult hematology unit. Implementation of enhanced infection control was complicated by cocirculation of the two different viruses, with prolonged viral shedding from infected patients, and placed great pressure on health care staff; of 27 infected hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients, 9 died, and the unit was closed for 2 months. Retrospective molecular investigation of the virus strains involved in the outbreak was performed by analyzing part of the fusion gene of PIV-3 and part of the glycoprotein gene of RSV. Reverse transcription-PCR on nasopharyngeal aspirates from patients infected before and during the simultaneous outbreak generated amplicons for sequence analysis. A single strain of RSV and a single strain of PIV-3 had spread from person to person within the unit; 7 patients were infected with RSV, 22 were infected with PIV-3, and 4 were infected with both viruses. The PIV-3 outbreak had started at the beginning of August 3 months before the RSV outbreak; it had arisen when PIV-3 was introduced from the community by a patient and passed to another patient, who became chronically infected with the identical strain and, in spite of being nursed in isolation, was most likely the source from which widespread infection occurred in November. Had these early cases been linked to a common PIV-3 strain at the time of diagnosis, enhanced infection control precautions might have prevented the eventual extensive spread of PIV-3, making it much easier to deal with the later RSV outbreak.
Blue Dye and Red Light, a Dynamic Combination for Prophylaxis and Treatment of Cutaneous Candida albicans Infections in Mice (2011)

The objective of this study was to investigate photodynamic therapy (PDT), using blue dye and red light, for prophylaxis and treatment of cutaneous Candida albicans infections in mice. A mouse model of skin abrasion infected with C. albicans was developed by inoculating wounds measuring 1.2 cm by 1.2 cm with 10(6) or 10(7) CFU. The use of a luciferase-expressing strain of C. albicans allowed real-time monitoring of the extent of infection in mice noninvasively through bioluminescence imaging. The phenothiazinium salts toluidine blue O (TBO), methylene blue (MB), and new methylene blue (NMB) were compared as photosensitizers (PS) for the photodynamic inactivation of C. albicans in vitro. PDT in vivo was initiated either at 30 min or at 24 h after fungal inoculation to investigate the efficacies of PDT for both prophylaxis and treatment of infections. Light at 635 ± 15 nm or 660 ± 15 nm was delivered with a light dose of 78 J/cm(2) (for PDT at 30 min postinfection) or 120 J/cm(2) (for PDT at 24 h postinfection) in multiple exposures with bioluminescence imaging taking place after each exposure of light. In vitro studies showed that NMB was superior to TBO and MB as the PS in the photodynamic inactivation of C. albicans. The efficacy of PDT was related to the ratio of PS concentration to fungal cell density. PDT in vivo initiated either at 30 min or at 24 h postinfection significantly reduced C. albicans burden in the infected mouse skin abrasion wounds. These data suggest that PDT is a viable approach for prophylaxis and treatment of cutaneous C. albicans infections.
Tartrate-like ligands in the asymmetric epoxidation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTartrate-like ligands in the asymmetric epoxidationChristopher J. Burns, Cheryl A. Martin, and K. Barry SharplessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 12, 2826–2834Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00273a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00273a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views835Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Applications of superstructure fibre Bragg gratings for optical code division multiple access and packet switched networks (2003)

There were no deaths from Bosniak IIF or III renal cysts regardless of management approach. Moderate to severe complications are frequent in patients managed by surgery.
J043012 Strength Property of Carbon Fiber Reclaimed from CF/epoxy Using Supercritcal Fluid (2011)

Carbon-fiber reinforced epoxy was decomposed using subcritical water and supercritical methanol to reclaim carbon fibers. The tensile strength of the reclaimed carbon fibers was measured. Then XPS alalysis and Raman spectral analysis were conducted to elucidate the change of tensile strength caused by decomposition. The tensile strength decreased by 6% in the case of decomposition with supercritical methanol, and by 18% with subcritical water. Subsequent XPS analysis revealed that functional groups of the carbon fiber surface had been removed. Raman spectral analysis showed decreased graphitization of the carbon fiber surface.
A D-D/D-T fusion reaction based neutron generator system for liver tumor BNCT (2003)

Boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an experimental radiation treatment modality used for highly malignant tumor treatments. Prior to irradiation with low energetic neutrons, a 10B compound is located selectively in the tumor cells. The effect of the treatment is based on the high LET radiation released in the {sup 10}B(n,{alpha}){sup 7}Li reaction with thermal neutrons. BNCT has been used experimentally for brain tumor and melanoma treatments. Lately applications of other severe tumor type treatments have been introduced. Results have shown that liver tumors can also be treated by BNCT. At Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, various compact neutron generators based on D-D or D-T fusion reactions are being developed. The earlier theoretical studies of the D-D or D-T fusion reaction based neutron generators have shown that the optimal moderator and reflector configuration for brain tumor BNCT can be created. In this work, the applicability of 2.5 MeV neutrons for liver tumor BNCT application was studied. The optimal neutron energy for external liver treatments is not known. Neutron beams of different energies (1eV < E < 100 keV) were simulated and the dose distribution in the liver was calculated with the MCNP simulation code. In order to obtain the optimal neutron energy spectrum with the D-D neutrons, various moderator designs were performed using MCNP simulations. In this article the neutron spectrum and the optimized beam shaping assembly for liver tumor treatments is presented.
Simultaneous Repair of Bilateral Inguinal Hernias Under Local Anesthesia (1996)

Uncomplicated bilateral inguinal hernias in adults are best treated simultaneously. It is feasible to perform the operation under local anesthesia, and when an open tension-free repair is used, postoperative pain and recovery periods are equally comparable with those of laparoscopic repair, although the complication and the recurrence rates are significantly less.
The Effect of Raloxifene Treatment in Postmenopausal Women with CKD (2008)

It is unknown whether treatment for osteoporosis with raloxifene is safe or effective in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). With data from a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 7705 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, the effect of raloxifene on rate of change of bone mineral density (BMD), incidence of fractures, and adverse events by stage of CKD was examined over 3 yr. Baseline serum creatinine values were available for 7316 women, and these values were used to assign a category of creatinine clearance (CrCl) using the Cockcroft-Gault formula (CrCl < 45, 45 to 59, and > or = 60 ml/min). BMD was measured at baseline and annually by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Within the placebo group, lower baseline CrCl was associated with a trend for higher annual losses of BMD at the femoral neck; however, within the raloxifene group, lower baseline CrCl was associated with greater increases in femoral neck BMD. This interaction between category of CrCl and treatment assignment was significant for rate of change of BMD at the hip. Irrespective of kidney function, raloxifene treatment was associated with a greater increase in spine BMD, a reduction in vertebral fractures, and no effect on nonvertebral fractures compared with placebo. Within each category of kidney function, adverse events were similar between the raloxifene and placebo groups. In conclusion, raloxifene increases BMD at both the hip and the spine and reduces the risk for vertebral fractures among individuals with CKD. The effect ofraloxifene on hip BMD is greater among those with mild to moderate CKD.
Simple Risk Bounds for Position-Sensitive Max-Margin Ranking Algorithms (2009)

We present risk bounds for position-sensitive max-margin ranking algorithms that follow straightforwardly from a structural result for Rademacher averages presented by [1]. We apply this result to pairwise and listwise hinge loss that are position-sensitive by virtue of rescaling the margin by a pairwise or listwise position-sensitive prediction loss. 1
Sparse regressions for predicting and interpreting subcellular localization of multi-label proteins (2016)

Experimental results show that the output of both mEN and mLASSO are interpretable and they perform significantly better than existing state-of-the-art predictors. Moreover, mEN selects more features and performs better than mLASSO on a stringent human benchmark dataset. For readers' convenience, an online server called SpaPredictor for both mLASSO and mEN is available at http://bioinfo.eie.polyu.edu.hk/SpaPredictorServer/.
Simplified method for detecting anti-insulin antibodies and insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes. (1980)

A simplified approach for estimating free and total anti-insulin antibodies and soluble insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes in serum has been developed and evaluated. For determination of free anti-insulin antibodies, a binding ratio for 125I-labeled insulin at fivefold serum dilution is calculated; the binding ratios obtained are reproducible (run-to-run coefficient of variation, 7.3%) and correlate well with titration of anti-insulin antibodies by other techniques (correlation coefficient, 0.9327). Total anti-insulin antibody concentrations are determined by calculating the [125I]insulin binding ratio for a sample previously acidified, adsorbed with acid dextran-coated charcoal, and neutralized. The difference in binding ratios between two aliquots of the same serum, one diluted 10-fold without manipulation and the second studied at an identical dilution after acidification and removal of free insulin, is taken as an index of the presence of soluble insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes. Because the tests can be performed at a single dilution, both time and materials are conserved without apparent loss of discrimination between sera with high antibody titers and high concentrations of insulin-anti-insulin immune complexes and sera with negative titers or low concentrations.
Effects of nipradilol, a new .BETA.-blocker, and its metabolite, denitro-nipradilol, on heart rate and AV conduction in anesthetized dogs. (1986)

Effects of nipradilol, a new beta-blocker, and its metabolite, denitro-nipradilol, on heart rate and atrioventricular conduction were investigated in anesthetized dogs and were compared with those of propranolol. The beta-blocking activity of nipradilol was nearly three times as potent as that of denitro-nipradilol which was almost the same as the beta-blocking activity of propranolol. Decrease in heart rate (HR) and prolongation of the atrio-His bundle conduction time (AH) were dose-dependently produced by nipradilol (10, 30 and 100 micrograms/kg, i.v.), denitro-nipradilol (30, 100 micrograms/kg, i.v.) and propranolol (30, 100 micrograms/kg, i.v.). The functional refractory period of the atrioventricular node (AVNFRP) was also prolonged by these drugs in a dose-dependent manner. The changes in HR, AH and AVNFRP were well correlated to their beta-blocking activities. However, His bundle-ventricle conduction time (HV) was insignificantly affected by these beta-blockers in the doses mentioned above. In the reserpinized and atropinized dogs in which propranolol (100 and 300 micrograms/kg, i.v.) showed very slight, insignificant influence on HR and AH, nipradilol significantly decreased HR and prolonged AH. AVNFRP was also prolonged significantly by nipradilol. These effects of nipradilol were observed even after the administration of propranolol. Denitronipradilol also produced a decrease in HR and prolongations of AH and AVNFRP in reserpinized, atropinized and propranolol-pretreated dogs. These results indicate that nipradilol and its metabolite, denitro-nipradilol, possess a direct depressant action on the sinoatrial node and the atrioventricular node.
Silicon-29 magic angle spinning NMR spectra of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal ion exchange Y zeolites (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon-29 magic angle spinning NMR spectra of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, and rare earth metal ion exchange Y zeolitesKuei Jung Chao and Jer Young ChernCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 4, 1401–1404Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100341a045https://doi.org/10.1021/j100341a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Tumor Cells Upregulate Normoxic HIF-1  in Response to Doxorubicin (2020)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a master transcription factor that controls cellular homeostasis. While its activation benefits normal tissue, HIF-1 activation in tumors is a major risk factor for angiogenesis, therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis. HIF-1 activity is usually suppressed under normoxic conditions because of rapid oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF-1α. Here we show that under normoxic conditions HIF-1α is upregulated in tumor cells in response to doxorubicin, a chemotherapy used to treat many cancers. Doxorubicin also enhanced VEGF secretion by normoxic tumor cells and stimulated tumor angiogenesis. Doxorubicin-induced accumulation of HIF-1α in normoxic cells was caused by increased expression and activation of STAT1, the activation of which stimulated expression of iNOS and its synthesis of NO in tumor cells. Mechanistic investigations established that blocking NO synthesis or STAT1 activation was sufficient to attenuate the HIF-1α accumulation induced by doxorubicin in normoxic cancer cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a chemotherapeutic drug can induce HIF-1α accumulation in normoxic cells, an efficacy-limiting activity. Our results argue that HIF-1α targeting strategies may enhance doxorubicin efficacy. More generally, they suggest a broader perspective on the design of combination chemotherapy approaches with immediate clinical impact.
Acute Cellular Rejection Following Human Heart Transplantation is Associated with Increased Expression of Vitronectin Receptor (Integrin αvβ3) (2002)

The vitronectin receptor (integrin alphavbeta3), a cell-surface adhesion receptor, has been shown to play a significant role in endothelial cell migration, apoptosis, atherosclerosis, and T-lymphocyte activation. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that cardiac allograft rejection is associated with increased expression of alphavbeta3. We also determined whether fibronectin receptor (alpha5beta1) and tissue factor are up-regulated in the presence of acute cellular rejection. We evaluated endomyocardial biopsy specimens with histologic evidence of different degrees of acute cellular rejection (grade 0, n = 10; grade 1A, n = 10; grade 2, n = 10; grade 3A, n = 10). Biopsies were obtained 2-4weeks after cardiac transplantation. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed for alphavbeta3, tissue factor, and alpha5beta1, and protein levels were further determined by Western blot analysis. Specimens with grade 2 and grade 3A rejection showed positive staining of alphavbeta3 in lymphocytic aggregates and vascular endothelial cells. By immunoblotting, we identified significantly increased expression of alphavbeta3 in the presence of acute rejection, grade 2 (3-fold, p = 0.01) and grade 3A (3.6-fold, p = 0.005) compared to grade 0 and 1 A specimens. There was no evidence of increased expression of alpha5beta1 or tissue factor. Acute cellular rejection, a process characterized by T-lymphocyte activation and release of inflammatory cytokines, is associated with increased expression of alphavbeta3.
Throughput and Delay on the Packet Switched Internet (2015)

The Internet has become a vital and essential part of modern everyday life. Services delivered by the Internet are used by people across the planet every moment of every day of the year. The Internet has proven a positive force for good improving the lives of billions of people worldwide. The power of the Internet to deliver this positive good to humanity relies on its ability to deliver life improving services. In my doctorate work culminating in this dissertation I have striven to sustain and increase the Internet's ability to deliver these services and to have a positive good effect upon humanity.The overarching purpose of this dissertation is to improve the Internet's ability to deliver life improving services. I have further divided this purpose into two goals. To improve the ability of applications operating in challenging network conditions to gain their fair share of the bandwidth resources and to reduce the delay with which these services are delivered. Every service delivered by the Internet consists of Internet objects that are delivered through communication paths across the Internet. The delivery of these objects is defined by the two characteristics; Throughput and delay. Throughput determines how much of an object can be delivered over a period of time and delay determines how long it takes to deliver an object.These two characteristics determine the Internet's ability to deliver objects across communication paths. Improving these two characteristics (bandwidth and delay) increase the ability of the Internet to deliver objects and thus improve the Internet's capability to deliver life improving services. To accomplish this goal I present projects along three areas of effort. These three areas of effort are: (1) Increase the ability of applications operating in challenging conditions to achieve their fair share of bandwidth. (2) Synthesize knowledge required to address the effort to reduce delay. (3) Develop protocols that reduce delay encountered in the communications paths of the Internet.In this dissertation I present projects along these three areas of effort that accomplish the two goals (increase bandwidth and reduce delay) to achieve the purpose of improving the Internet's ability to deliver essential and life improving services. These projects and their organization into areas of effort, goals and purpose are my contributions to the networking sciences.