gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miosis and Intraocular Pressure Changes During Manometry (1960)

A spontaneous rise in intraocular pressure during manometry of the anterior segment of the rabbit eye introduces an undesirable variable into an otherwise accurate measurement. The origin of the reaction and the mechanism by which it alters intraocular pressure are not known. The purpose of this paper is first to report an improved method of manometry which avoids the reaction and permits physiologic study for relatively long periods of time in a nonirritated eye, and, second, to discuss the site of origin of the response. A subsequent report will deal with the mechanisms by which the rise in pressure is produced and sustained. The gross characteristics of the spontaneous pressure response during manometry resemble those changes induced following trigeminal stimulation either antidromically,1or by chemical,2,3,4or mechanical5,6irritation of cornea, conjunctiva, iris, and lens, or by paracentesis,7and consist of
Drug Stability Testing by Monitoring Drug and Degradate Levels by Liquid Chromatography (1989)

A cephalosporin antibiotic and its primary degradation product can be separated by a mixed retention mechanism using an ion exchange column and a mobile phase containing acetonitrile and aqueous sodium phosphate. Assay ruggedness, specificity, linearity of response, and standard-sample stability are evaluated and found to be adequate for the desired application. Drug degradation at room temperature in formulations containing citrate and dextrose is found to be roughly first order; fit of the first order rate expression model is better when gain in degradate levels is used as opposed to the direct measurement of drug loss, especially when the magnitude of drug loss is small. The greater accuracy of projections based on the measurement of degradate gain is related to the effect of the imprecision of the analytical measurement on the accuracy of the model.
The Alpha-Particle Reactions in Carbon Monoxide, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Systems (1938)

The methods developed by Eyring, Hirschfelder and Taylor for the analysis of the alpha-particle reactions in hydrogen and hydrogen-bromine systems have been extended to the corresponding reactions in carbon monoxide, oxygen, and carbon-dioxide systems and to mixtures of these gases. It has been shown that experimentally known processes of ionization and of excitation, together with the probable neutralization processes, with consequent chemical reactions involving the atomic species so produced, suffice to account quantitatively for the observed experimental results. This extends the scope of the method employed to typical alpha-particle reactions of decomposition, ozonization and oxidation hitherto interpreted in terms of a clustering mechanism.
Formation of silicon dioxide layers at low temperatures (150–400 °C) by atmospheric pressure plasma oxidation of silicon (2007)

The formation of silicon dioxide (SiO2) layers at low temperatures (150–400 °C) by atmospheric pressure plasma oxidation of Si(0 0 1) wafers have been studied using a gas mixture containing He and O2. A 150 MHz very high frequency (VHF) power supply was used to generate high-density atomic oxygen in the atmospheric pressure plasma. Oxidation rate, structure, and thickness and refractive index profiles of the oxidized layers were investigated by ellipsometry and infrared absorption spectroscopy. Atomic force microscopy was also employed to observe atomic-scale morphologies of the layer surface and wafer Si surface, after chemical removal of the oxidized layers. It was found that stoichiometric SiO2 layers were obtained at higher oxidation rates than conventional dry O2 thermal oxidation and radical oxidation processes, even at a very low substrate temperature of 150 °C. Although thickness variations were observed in the plasma region, the refractive index was independent of both substrate temperature and VHF power. In addition, the SiO2 surface and SiO2/Si interface roughnesses were comparable to those obtained in conventional dry oxidation at high temperatures.
The Synthesis of Derivatives of 2-Arylamino ara-Carbocyclic Purine Nucleosides as Potential Anti-Viral Agents (1989)

Abstract A general synthetic method into 2-arylamino ara-carbocyclic purine nucleosides from 2,4,6-mchloropyrimidine is described.
An improved parameterization of the mean monthly precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere (2009)

A mean monthly precipitation parameterization is given. It is developed by a multiple linear regression equation in terms of the temperature and the horizontal wind. Using a period of eleven years, from January 1982 to December 1992, for the anomalies of the mean monthly precipitation, temperature, zonal and meridional wind, and vorticity of the wind as variable data, we have obtained a skill above 80 in the estimation of the mean monthly precipitation anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere. The parameterization may be used to predict monthly precipitation anomalies with the Adem's Thermodynamic Model, or with any others energy balance or general circulation models, as well as to compute monthly precipitation anomalies from observed anomalies of temperature and horizontal wind data.
Effects of Prostaglandin Analogues on Aqueous Humor Outflow Pathways (2013)

Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most prevalent risk factor for glaucoma. All treatments, whether surgical or pharmaceutical, are aimed at lowering IOP. Prostaglandin analogues are a first line therapy for glaucoma due to their ability to reduce IOP, once-daily dosing, efficacy, and minimal side-effect profile. Whereas prostaglandin analogues have been known to alter aqueous humor outflow through the unconventional (uveoscleral) pathway, more recent evidence suggests their action also occurs through the conventional (trabecular) pathway. Understanding how prostaglandin analogues successfully lower IOP is important, as this information may lead to the discovery of new molecular targets for future therapeutic intervention. This review explores the current understanding of prostaglandin analogue biology as it pertains to IOP reduction and improved aqueous humor outflow facility.
Making Sensitivity Analysis Computationally Efficient (2013)

To investigate the robustness of the output probabilities of a Bayesian network, a sensitivity analysis can be performed. A one-way sensitivity analysis establishes, for each of the probability parameters of a network, a function expressing a posterior marginal probability of interest in terms of the parameter. Current methods for computing the coefficients in such a function rely on a large number of network evaluations. In this paper, we present a method that requires just a single outward propagation in a junction tree for establishing the coefficients in the functions for all possible parameters; in addition, an inward propagation is required for processing evidence. Conversely, the method requires a single outward propagation for computing the coefficients in the functions expressing all possible posterior marginals in terms of a single parameter. We extend these results to an n-way sensitivity analysis in which sets of parameters are studied.
Comparison of numerical helical generator simulations with experimental results (1986)

We have made comparisons between the experimental results on small helical flux compression generators, described elsewhere at this conference, and computer simulations. A 2D hydrodynamic computer simulation was used to generate the acceleration profile of the armature of the generators. The electrical behavior of the generators was predicted using the CIRC computer code. Various generator loss models were examined, including resistive and flux trapping models. A discussion of the comparisons will be given.
Rate-Compatible Non-Binary LDPC Codes Concatenated with Multiplicative Repetition Codes (2010)

International audience
A new approach to the synthesis of 1, 6‐anhydro‐2‐azido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranose derivatives (1984)

Abstract 1, 6‐Anhydro‐β‐D‐mannopyranose was converted in three steps into 1, 6‐anhydro‐3‐0‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)‐4‐0‐allyl‐β‐D‐mannopyranose in high overall yield. Treatment of the latter with trifluoromethanesulphonic anhydride, followed by direct displacement at 20°c of the triflate ester with lithium azide afforded almost quantitatively 1, 6‐anhydro‐2‐azido‐2‐deoxy‐3‐0‐(4‐methoxybenzoyl)‐4‐0‐allyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranose.
Improving the Efficiency of Nuprl Proofs (1997)

In order to use Nuprl system as a programming language with builtin verification one has to improve the efficiency of the programs extracted from the Nuprl proofs. In the current paper we consider proofs from the Nuprl automata library. In some of these proofs (pigeon-hole principle, decidability of the state reachability, decidability of the equivalence relation on words induced by the automata language) sources of exponential-time complexity have been detected and replaced by new complexity cautious proofs. The new proofs now lead to polynomial-time algorithms extracted by the same Nuprl extractor, thus eliminating all known unnecessary exponentials from the Nuprl automata library. General principles of efficient programming on Nuprl are also discussed. Key Words and Phrases: automata, constructivity, Myhill-Nerode theorem, Nuprl, program extraction, program verification, state minimization.
Alteration of sodium transport in mouse mammary epithelium associated with neoplastic transformation. (1978)

Using electrophysiological techniques we have examined the apical membrane ionic permeabilities of primary cell cultures of the mouse mammary gland in the midpregnant, preneoplastic, and neoplastic states. Membrane Na+ permeability changed with tumorigenesis, whereas K+ and Cl- permeabilities were unaltered. With tracer flux techniques the unidirectional efflux rate constant of 22Na was found to be greater in tumor cells than it is in normal cells. This increase in 22Na efflux was eliminated by the addition of ouabain. The results are interpreted as an increase in Na+ permeability and in Na+-K+-ATPase activity with the neoplastic transformation. The presence or absence of the virus in midpregnant cells does not seem to affect Na+ permeability.
Effect of glucocorticoids on stem cell factor expression in human asthmatic bronchi (2006)

Our study shows that SCF is expressed in the bronchus in humans in vivo. This expression is increased in asthma, and is parallel to the increased mast cell numbers in the airways. Both increases were normalized in glucocorticoid-treated patients, strongly suggesting an involvement of SCF in the mast cell-associated asthmatic disease.
Anthelmintic Effects of Alkylated Diamines and Amino Alcohols against<i>Schistosoma mansoni</i> (2013)

Polyamines are substances involved in many aspects of cell growth, division, and differentiation. Because of the metabolic differences between host cells and parasite cells, polyamine metabolism has been considered as a potential target for the chemotherapy of parasitic diseases. The aim of this work was to evaluate the schistosomicidal activity of different N-alkylated diamines (3a-3h), amino alcohols (4a-4d), and glycosylated amino alcohols (10a-10d). Compounds were prepared by synthetic methods and submitted to in vitro evaluation against adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni. At 100 μM, 3b, 3e, and 3h as well as 4a, 4b, 4d, 10a, 10b, and 10d resulted in 100% mortality of adult schistosomes. Compound 3d (12.5 to 100 μM) caused the death of 100% of both male and female adult schistosomes, while 3f (12.5 to 100 μM) resulted in 100% mortality of only male adult worms, whereas no mortality in female worms was observed. Compounds 3d and 3f were also able to reduce viability and decrease production of developed eggs in comparison with the negative control group. Diamines 3d and 3f may represent useful lead compounds for further optimization in order to develop new schistosomicidal agents.
Characterization of degrees of freedom versus receivers backhaul load in K-user interference channel (2017)

We consider a K-user Interference Channel where each transmitter is interested in conveying a message to its corresponding receiver. In addition, we assume a fully connected noiseless backhaul network through which receivers can collaborate and help each other recover their desired messages. In this paper, we fully characterize the trade-off between the rate in wireless link (per user) in terms of degrees of freedom (DoF) versus backhaul load (per user) for large values of K. In particular, we characterize the optimal trade-off for all values of K, where K is an even number. For odd values of K, we characterize the trade-off within a gap of 2(k - 1)/k(k + 1), which goes to zero as K increases. For achievability we use time-sharing between two corner points: (i) using interference alignment for the case where backhaul load is zero, and (ii) collecting a quantized version of all the received signals at one of the receivers to jointly decode the messages, for the case where DoF of one per user is desired. For the converse, we develop a new outer-bound based on the results from two-user multiple antenna interference channel with limited backhaul cooperation. Recently, it was shown that for the case of three-user interference channel, the optimal trade-off is achieved by some sort of alignment in the backhaul messaging, known as Cooperation Alignment. Our result shows that unlike the gain of interference alignment, the gain of cooperation alignment does not scale with the number of users K.
Management of cytomegalovirus disease in lung transplant recipients (2001)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common pathogen after lung transplantation; however, in spite of diagnostic and therapeutic advances, CMV remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients. Therefore, it is not only important to manage CMV but to prevent its occurrence. The patients at highest risk of developing CMV disease are seronegative recipients of seropositive donors and seropositive recipients who receive augmentation of their immunosuppressive regimens for induction or for treatment of rejection episodes. Methods for early diagnosis and monitoring of CMV in lung transplant recipients include CMV cultures, the antigenemia test, and the polymerase chain reaction assays. In addition, two modalities have emerged to prevent CMV disease in lung transplant recipients: universal prophylaxis and pre-emptive therapy. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the early diagnosis and prevention of CMV disease in lung transplant recipients.
A Contribution to the Problem of Designing Radial Turbomachines (1952)

Abstract A method is outlined for computing the characteristic values, such as pressure coefficient and efficiency of centrifugal compressors and radial inward-flow turbines, as function of Reynolds number and Mach number, whereby the latter values are defined in such a manner as to represent the weight flow and the pressure ratio of the turbomachine. The influence of blade number, blade angle, speed and diameter ratio of the impeller on the efficiency and pressure coefficient is discussed. The application of this method for computing the characteristic of a particular turbomachine is shown.
Induction of increased FDG uptake and loss of NIS expression by a VEGFR-2 inhibitor in FRTL-5 cells: An in-vitro flip-flop mechanism (2010)

1098 Objectives Antiangiogenesis therapy could be beneficial for the treatment of radioiodine-negative metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTC). FDG-PET has been successfully used for imaging DTC. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a VEGFR-2 inhibitor, focussing on the clinically relevant endpoints of radioiodide uptake and FDG uptake in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. Methods N-(2-bromo-pyridin-4-yl)anthranyl-(4-chlorophenyl)amide (IFOP) was synthesized and screened for tyrosine kinase affinities (Invitrogen). FRTL-5 cells were incubated with FDG (0.5MBq/mL, 1 h) or iodide-131 (18-37 kBq/mL, 10 min) and tracer uptake was referred to protein mass. Pretreatment of cells was performed with IFOP (0-20 µM), TR1401 (150 ng/mL, TSH analog), and IGF-1 (100 ng/mL). Cell proliferation and apoptosis (caspase 3/7) were measured by bioluminescence assays. Glucose carrier (GLUT-1) and sodium-iodide symporter (NIS) were determined by Western blot analysis. Results IFOP revealed high affinity for VEGFR-2 (Ki=20nM) combined with moderate inhibition of cKIT, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-3 (each IC50=5µM), low affinity to EGFR (>5µM), and low potency to inhibit PDGFR-A, FGFR, FLT-3, IGF1R, RET and src (>5µM). IFOP inhibited VEGF-induced proliferation of human endothelial cells (IC50=289nM) and TR1401-induced radioiodide uptake by 80±23% (IC50=554nM), while increasing FDG uptake by 18-fold (EC50=3.7µM). In comparison, the VEGFR-2 inhibitor SU5416 decreased both FDG and radioiodide uptake under identical conditions. IFOP completely abolished NIS expression in FRTL-5 cells, whereas GLUT-1 expression remained constant. Conclusions The VEGFR-2 inhibitor IFOP induced a flip-flop mechanism in rat thyroid cells, resulting in the loss of capability for radioiodide uptake and increased FDG uptake. Thus, antiangiogenesis therapy of DTC using IFOP combined with radioiodide therapy could be hampered due to the loss of NIS expression in thyroid cells
<title>Solving Toeplitz least-squares problems via discrete polynomial least-squares approximation at roots of unity</title> (2000)

We present an algorithm for solving Toeplitz least squares problems. By embedding the Toeplitz matrix into a circulant block matrix and by applying the Discrete Fourier Transform, we are able to transform the linear least squares problem into a discrete least squares approximation problem for polynomial vectors. We have implemented our algorithm in Matlab. Numerical experiments indicate that our approach is numerically stable even for ill-conditioned problems.
Effect of coronary vasodilation produced by hypopnea upon regional myocardial oxygen balance (1981)

An attempt was made to differentiate between autoregulatory coronary vasodilation and changes in vasomotor tone produced by factors extrinsic to the heart. this was done by investigating the relation between local cardiac force and local coronary blood supply. Intracellular NADH redox levels were also measured in order to further elucidate the oxygen balance under various experimental conditions. In anaesthetized open-chest dogs, local blood supply was estimated with the aid of a thermistor probe, and the oxidation-reduction state of mitochondrial pyridine nucleotide was measured by a surface fluorometric technique. Local myocardial contractile force, as well as blood pressure and ECG were recorded simultaneously with the above parameters. The heart was paced at frequencies from 60/min to 300/min with an electronic stimulator, under both normoxic and hypopneic conditions. It was found that elevation of heart rate caused a progressive increase in local blood flow during both normal and hypopneic ventilation. The absolute flow values during hypopnea were approximately double those during normoxia. Heart rates above 120/min or 150/min resulted in a progressive increase in NADH fluorescence. This response to elevated heart rate was less prominent or absent during hypopnea. Contractile force during hypopnea was greater at elevated heart rates than during normal breathing. Data are brought which suggest that whereas vasodilation following increased heart rate is probably due to an autoregulatory mechanism, the marked vasodilatatory effect of hypopnea is related to elevated arterial CO2 levels. It is suggested that hypercapnia markedly stimulates extrinsic coronary vasodilation thereby supplying enough oxygen to maintain contractility even at very high heart rates. Moreover, intracellular O2 concentration (mitochondrial NADH level) is maintained at a normal level despite the greatly increased demand.
Beam Dynamics in Proton Linear Accelerators (1969)

The uncoupled equations of motion of charged particles in the longitudinal and transverse directions in a linear accelerator in the absence of space charge forces are reviewed. The effect of coupling on the dynamics is introduced and results are obtained for the apparent increase of the projected phase space areas. Questions of non-linearities and fringing field couplings are discussed. In the presence of space charge forces, oscillation frequencies are decreased, admittances are changed, and additional couplings and non-linearities are introduced. These cause further deterioration in beam quality. An effort has been made to identify those particular effects which play the major role in increasing phase space areas. Comparisons are made with detailed three dimensional orbit computations in an effort to sort out the various effects.
Upper bounds on trellis complexity of lattices (2002)

Unlike block codes, n-dimensional lattices can have minimal trellis diagrams with an arbitrarily large number of states, branches, and paths. We show by a counter-example that there is no f(n), a function of n, such that all rational lattices of dimension n have a trellis with less than f(n) states. Nevertheless, we prove that if /spl Lambda/ is a sublattice of Z/sup n/ then it has a trellis T, such that the maximum number of states in T is upper bounded by the volume of /spl Lambda/. Furthermore, using a theorem due to Hermite, we show that every integral lattice /spl Lambda/ has a trellis T, such that the total number of paths in T can be bounded from above in terms of the volume of /spl Lambda/. The resulting bounds are exponential in the dimension n and are seldom tight. Nonetheless, these are the first known general upper bounds on trellis complexity of lattices.
A fuel cycle cost study with HEU and LEU fuels (1984)

Fuel cycle costs are compared for a range of /sup 235/U loadings with HEU and LEU fuels using the IAEA generic 10 MW reactor as an example. If LEU silicide fuels are successfully demonstrated and licensed, the results indicate that total fuel cycle costs can be about the same or lower than those with the HEU fuels that are currently used in most research reactors.
New insights into optimal widely linear array receivers for the demodulation of BPSK, MSK, and GMSK signals corrupted by noncircular interferences-application to SAIC (2006)

For nonstationary observations, potentially second-order (SO) noncircular, the SO optimal complex filters are time variant and, under some conditions of noncircularity, widely linear (WL). For more than a decade, there has been an increasing interest in optimal WL filters in radiocommunications contexts involving rectilinear signals such as binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) signals. In particular, it has been pointed out that single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) may be performed by such filters in the context of BPSK cellular networks. Recently, it has been shown that, by a simple algebraic operation of demodulation on the baseband signal, the minimum shift keying (MSK) and Gaussian MSK (GMSK) modulations can be made to approximately correspond to a BPSK modulation, allowing the application of the SAIC concept to the GSM cellular network at the mobile level, being currently studied for standardization, and offering significant improvements of the network's capacity. Despite the increasing interest in optimal WL filters in rectilinear or quasi-rectilinear contexts, many questions about their behavior and their performance have still arisen. The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the behavior, properties, and performance of optimal WL array receivers, and thus of the SAIC technology, for the demodulation of BPSK, MSK, and GMSK signals corrupted by noncircular interferences.