gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modified chemical coprecipitation of magnetic magnetite nanoparticles using linear–dendritic copolymers (2017)

In this investigation, magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) with a diameter of 5–10 nm were synthesized by coprecipitation from an alkaline solution of ferrous/ferric mixed salt-solution in the presence of copolymers. In this process, linear–dendritic copolymers containing a linear poly (ethylene glycol) core and dendritic poly (citric acid) arms were used as the stabilizer. The Fe3O4 NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectra, X-ray powder diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Compared to classical coprecipitation, the results showed that uniform, ultrafine, nearly spherical, and high purity nano-magnetite particles with better magnetic properties could be prepared by this method.
Estimating Permeability Profiles Using Core and Log Data (1993)

ABSTRACT This paper presents a method to correlate core permeability with open-hole well log data. The model correlates porosity, deep resistivity, shallow resistivity and gamma ray index to permeability and eliminates the need to know values of irreducible water saturation or grain diameter as required in previously published correlations. We provide data from three Gas Research Institute research wells to illustrate the correlation.
Estimation of State of Charge of Batteries for Electric Vehicles (2013)

State of charge (SOC) can be applied in various fields characterized as an important parameter for estimating residual capacity state of battery. It is obtained from current or collected data, such as voltage, current and temperature as well. The accuracy of estimation of SOC of power battery can be essential and premise in designing the battery management system. Researchers in the fields shall take it an important and challenging task, requiring lots of work and energy, in order to improve the accuracy in estimation of SOC for eletric vehicles (EV). The SOC estimation tasks have made it great headway from classical and typical methods. This paper has proposed the shortcomings over various existed estimation methods and discussed the definition of SOC in details in the application. Study on the principle and application of the SOC estimation algorithm against many existing technical difficulties of SOC estimation algorithm for power batteries is very necessary. This paper analyzes the influence of charge and discharge rate, temperature, self-discharge and aging on SOC. It has important meaning for the further development of power battery SOC estimation.
Scalable nonblocking concurrent objects for mission critical code (2009)

The high degree of complexity and autonomy of future robotic space missions, such as Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), poses serious challenges in assuring their reliability and efficiency. Providing fast and safe concurrent synchronization is of critical importance to such autonomous embedded software systems. The application of nonblocking synchronization is known to help eliminate the hazards of deadlock, livelock, and priority inversion. The nonblocking programming techniques are notoriously difficult to implement and offer a variety of semantic guarantees and usability and performance trade-offs. The present software development and certification methodologies applied at NASA do not reach the level of detail of providing guidelines for the design of concurrent software. The complex task of engineering reliable and efficient concurrent synchronization is left to the programmer's ingenuity. A number of Software Transactional Memory (STM) approaches gained wide popularity because of their easy to apply interfaces, but currently fail to offer scalable nonblocking transactions. In this work we provide an in-depth analysis of the nonblocking synchronization semantics and their applicability in mission critical code. We describe a generic implementation of a methodology for scalable implementation of concurrent objects. Our performance evaluation demonstrates that our approach is practical and outperforms the application of nonblocking transactions by a large factor. In addition, we apply our Descriptor-based approach to provide a solution to the fundamental ABA problem. Our ABA prevention scheme, called the lambda-delta approach, outperforms by a large factor the use of garbage collection for the safe management of each shared location. It offers speeds comparable to the application of the architecture-specific CAS2 instruction used for version counting. The lambda-delta approach is an ABA prevention technique based on classification of concurrent operations and 3-step execution of a Descriptor object. A practical alternative to the application of CAS2 is particularly important for the engineering of embedded systems.
Garforth (2013)

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Differentiation between Systolic and Diastolic Dysfunction (1994)

Left ventricular (LV) failure can be divided into systolic and diastolic dysfunction. The former is characterized by a reduced ejection fraction and an enlarged LV chamber, the latter by an increased resistance to filling with increased filling pressures. Systolic dysfunction is clinically associated with left ventricular failure in the presence of marked cardiomegaly, while diastolic dysfunction is accompanied by pulmonary congestion together with a normal or only slightly enlarged ventricle. Echocardiography is currently the most relevant technique for non-invasive differentiation of the two forms. Systolic dysfunction is easily assessable by estimation of global ejection fraction and regional wall motion. Diastolic dysfunction can be diagnosed indirectly by means of a normal or nearly normal ejection fraction and and changes of the mitral filling pattern in the context of LV failure. For an exact determination of diastolic dysfunction LV catheterization is required. Systolic dysfunction treatment is well defined, consisting of ACE inhibitors, followed by diuretics and digitalis. Calcium channel blockers are usually contraindicated. Diastolic dysfunction therapy is more dependent on the underlying disease. Calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors or beta-blockers are first line drugs in most instances: diuretics can be added with increasing symptoms. Digitalis should be avoided, except in atrial fibrillation, to control heart rate.
What is the biological relevance of the specific bond properties revealed by single‐molecule studies? (2007)

During the last decade, many authors took advantage of new methodologies based on atomic force microscopy (AFM), biomembrane force probes (BFPs), laminar flow chambers or optical traps to study at the single-molecule level the formation and dissociation of bonds between receptors and ligands attached to surfaces. Experiments provided a wealth of data revealing the complexity of bond response to mechanical forces and the dependence of bond rupture on bond history. These results supported the existence of multiple binding states and/or reaction pathways. Also, single bond studies allowed us to monitor attachments mediated by a few bonds. The aim of this review is to discuss the impact of this new information on our understanding of biological molecules and phenomena. The following points are discussed: (i) which parameters do we need to know in order to predict the behaviour of an encounter between receptors and ligands, (ii) which information is actually yielded by single-molecule studies and (iii) is it possible to relate this information to molecular structure?
Neural-Logic Belief Networks-A tool for knowledge representation and reasoning (2002)

The author sketches a new architecture for representing knowledge and performing commonsense reasoning. It is an acyclical directed graph formalism with a neural network computation model and a Prolog-style unification mechanism called Neural-Logic Belief Network. In this representation, a concept is either believed, its negation is believed, unknown, or in the state of contradiction. Each proposition also has a degree-of-belief value to represent its reliability and/or certainty. Every directed link carries a tuple of real numbers to model a three-valued logic and other relations such as the commonsense IF-THEN rules. Due to the nature of network computation, it has an extreme level of tolerance to contradictory input knowledge.
Melanocyte biology and its implications for the clinician. (1999)

Epidermal and follicular melanocytes are neural crest derived cells that are in close contact with surrounding keratinocytes. By producing melanin in specialized organelles, the melanosomes, and transferring it to the keratinocytes, human skin becomes pigmented. Establishment of cultures of human melanocytes and an increasing interest in photo-carcinogenesis/photoaging have led to an explosion of knowledge concerning the biology of melanocytes.
A Reduced Complexity hybrid switched mode detector using interference cancellation methods for DS-CDMA systems (2006)

Nonlinear interference cancellation multiuser detection algorithms have less BER and are less complex than linear multiuser detection methods. We present a hybrid switched mode detector that uses existing interference cancellation methods i.e. parallel interference cancellation (PIC) and successive interference cancellation (SIC) based on channel conditions. This proposed detector takes decisions based on number of users on the channel and switches either to SIC method or PIC method. The switching mechanism is exploited by performance complexity tradeoff between matched filter detector and nonlinear interference cancellation methods
Determination of Soluble Fibrin Monomer Complexes by Adsorption on Immobilized Fibrinogen (1978)

Determination of fibrin in plasma, also containing fibrinogen, is possible by selective absorption on affinity columns prepared from highly purified fibrinogen. Desorption is complete using 1.0 M potassium bromide, pH 5.3. In addition, the cold-insoluble globulin is desorbed. Therefore, the eluate is checked on microtiter plates by the staphylococcal clumping test which selectively detects fibrin or fibrinogen. The procedure works well with simple laboratory equipment. The diagnosis of fibrinogen-fibrin complexes is demonstrated in some pathological plasmas.
Stabilization Wedges and the Management of Global Carbon for the Next 50 Years (2007)

More than 40 years after receiving a Ph.D. in physics, I am still working on problems where conservation laws matter. In particular, for the problems I work on now, the conservation of the carbon atom matters. I will tell the saga of an annual flow of 8 billion tons of carbon associated with the global extraction of fossil fuels from underground. Until recently, it was taken for granted that virtually all of this carbon will move within weeks through engines of various kinds and then into the atmosphere. For compelling environmental reasons, I and many others are challenging this complacent view, asking whether the carbon might wisely be directed elsewhere. To frame this and similar discussions, Steve Pacala and I introduced the 'stabilization wedge' in 2004 as a useful unit for discussing climate stabilization. Updating the definition, a wedge is the reduction of CO2 emissions by one billion tons of carbon per year in 2057, achieved by any strategy generated as a result of deliberate attention to global carbon. Each strategy uses already commercialized technology, generally at much larger scale than today. Implementing seven wedges should enable the world to achieve the interim goal of emitting no more CO2 globally in 2057 than today. This would place humanity, approximately, on a path to stabilizing CO2 at less than double the pre-industrial concentration, and it would put those at the helm in the following 50 years in a position to drive CO2 emissions to a net of zero in the following 50 years. Arguably, the tasks of the two half-centuries are comparably difficult.
A New Secure Remote User Authentication Scheme with Smart Cards (2010)

Remote user authentication scheme is one of the simplest and the most convenient authentication mechanisms to deal with secret data over insecure networks. These types of schemes are applicable to the areas such as computer networks, wireless networks, remote login systems, operation systems and database management systems. The goal of a remote user authentication scheme is to identify a valid card holder as having the rights and privileges indicated by the issuer of the card. In recent years, so many remote user authentication schemes have been proposed to authenticate a legitimate user, but none of them can solve all possible problems and withstand all possible attacks. This paper presents a secure remote user authentication scheme with smart cards. The proposed scheme provides the essential security requirements and achieves particular attributes.
Optimal resource allocation in multiservice CDMA networks (2003)

This paper addresses the problem of dynamic resource allocation in a multiservice direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) wireless network supporting real-time (RT) and nonreal-time (NRT) communication services. For RT users, a simple transmission power allocation strategy is assumed that maximizes the amount of capacity available to NRT users without violating quality of service requirements of RT users. For NRT users, a joint transmission power and spreading gain (transmission rate) allocation strategy, obtained via the solution of a constrained optimization problem, is provided. The solution maximizes the aggregate NRT throughput, subject to peak transmission power constraints and the capacity constraint imposed by RT users. The optimization problem is solved in a closed form, and the resulting resource allocation strategy is simple to implement as a hybrid CDMA/time-division multiple-access strategy. Numerical results are presented showing that the optimal resource allocation strategy can offer substantial performance gains over other conventional resource allocation strategies for DS-CDMA networks.
Isolation and Purification of an α-Mannosidase from Coleoptiles of <i>Avena sativa</i> (1977)

An alpha-mannosidase has been purified from the coleoptiles of Avena sativa L. var. Segrehavre. The enzyme, which is tightly associated with the cell wall, was solubilized with 3 m LiCl. The purification involves precipitation with (NH(4))(2)SO(4), gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and isoelectric focusing. The enzyme appears homogeneous when chromatographed on disc gels and on isoelectric focusing gels. The enzyme runs as a single protein of constant specific activity when chromatographed on Sephadex G-200. The estimated molecular weight of the enzyme is 630,000. The enzyme appears to have no metal ion cofactor requirement and is insensitive to p-chloromercuribenzoate. The pH optimum for the enzyme with p-nitrophenyl-alpha-d-mannoside as the substrate is 4.5 and the K(m) is 3.2 mm. The enzyme may have some carbohydrate associated with it as indicated by a positive periodate-Schiff reaction on disc gels.
Cloning of the pig aminopeptidase N gene (1989)

We have isolated four lambda-phages covering the complete pig aminopeptidase N/CD13 gene. The sequence of 2.85 kbp encompasses 1.18 kbp of the 5' upstream region and 1.67 kbp of the structural gene. In the promoter region we find a TATA box and potential binding sites for CTF-1/NF-1 and AP-2. By sequence comparisons we have found three domains showing similarity to promoter regions of the genes encoding human alpha 1-antitrypsin and human intestinal alkaline phosphatase. The gene sequence includes the first three exons and two introns. It shows that a single exon encodes the cytoplasmic tail, the membrane anchor and the junctional peptide.
A new blood-coagulating protease in mitochondrial membranes of rat submaxillary glands. Purification and characterization of protease and its blood-coagulating activity. (1994)

An integral membrane protease was solubilized and purified to homogeneity from rat submaxillary mitochondria. The purified enzyme could coagulate rabbit plasma. The molecular mass of the enzyme is 22 kDa on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions and 24 kDa on gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column. Its isoelectric point is 4.2-4.25. Enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, soybean trypsin inhibitor, benzamidine, aprotinin, and antipain, suggesting the enzyme as a serine protease. Its pH optimum for activity is 8.5. Zn2+ is strongly inhibitory; at 1 mM concentration it produced 72% inhibition. The enzyme is active toward different synthetic substrates (p-nitroanilide derivatives) containing Arg at the P1 position with blocked NH2 terminus. Kcat/Km was highest with the substrate N-Bz-Pro-Arg-pNa (where Bz is benzoyl and pNA is paranitroanilide). The purified enzyme coagulates rabbit plasma in a dose-dependent manner. Plasma coagulation by the enzyme is completely blocked in the presence of aprotinin or soybean trypsin inhibitor, suggesting that protease activity is required for this coagulation reaction. Antibody raised against the purified enzyme inhibits the plasma coagulation initiated by the enzyme. The enzyme can correct the prolonged clotting time of factor X-deficient human plasma but is unable to convert purified fibrinogen to fibrin clots, indicating factor Xa-like activity of the enzyme. The enzyme has the ability to activate prothrombin. Several properties of the enzyme distinguish it from other reported submaxillary proteases.
The origin of intrahepatic bile duct cells in the mouse. (1984)

The origin of the intrahepatic bile ducts in the embryonic mouse liver was investigated. At 12.5 and 13.5 gestation days in the C3H/Tw strain mouse, the liver parenchyma contains morphologically and histochemically homogeneous immature hepatocytes but not bile duct cells. When the liver fragments were cultured in the testis, immature hepatocytes differentiated into large hepatocytes for the most part and also into bile duct cells. In contrast, when the similar liver fragments were cultured under the skin of newborn mice, bile duct cells differentiated much earlier in all transplants than those cultured in the testis. These bile duct cells were considered to be the intrahepatic bile duct cells, since they did not form biliary glands but possessed a basal lamina and histochemical characteristics of intrahepatic bile duct cells of the normal liver. The origin of the endodermal epithelial cells in the mouse liver is discussed with special attention to the differentiation of the intrahepatic bile duct cells from the immature hepatocytes.
X.—NEW BOOKS (1954)

Journal Article X.—NEW BOOKS Get access The Interpretation of Plato's Republic. By N. R. MURPHY. Oxford University Press. Pp. 246. 18s. PHILLIPA FOOT PHILLIPA FOOT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume LXIII, Issue 250, April 1954, Pages 270–274, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/LXIII.250.270 Published: 01 April 1954
Myo-inositol attenuates two specific behavioral effects of acute lithium in rats. (1991)

Acute and chronic lithium treatment reduces levels of brain myo-inositol in rats. Several biological effects of lithium can be reversed in vitro by addition of myo-inositol. The ability of myo-inositol to reverse behavioral effects of lithium was tested using chronic inositol administration or acute intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections. Chronic myoinositol elevated activity during the first 10 min in an open field, but did not reverse lithium-induced hypokinesia. Myo-inositol (i.c.v.) reversed the suppression of rearing behavior 24 hrs after an acute dose of lithium (5 mEq/kg) but did not attenuate hypokinesia 24 hrs after a high dose of lithium (10 mEq/kg). Myo-inositol, but not the inactive isomer chiro-inositol (i.c.v.), also significantly prolonged the latency to clonus in the lithium pilocarpine seizure model. These studies suggest that reduction of brain myo-inositol may be a critical mechanism for the behavioral effects of lithium.
Écriture et liberté / Émile Martel, Le dictionnaire de cristal, Montréal, l’Hexagone, 1993, 160 p. / Hélène Le Beau, Adieu Agnès, Montréal, Boréal, 1993, 184 p. / Maryvonne Griat et Gabriel Goulet, La belette, Hearst (Ontario), le Nordir, 1993, 168 p. (1993)

criture et libertOn le sait : crire, c'est affirmer sa libert.Emile Martel veut donner aux mots un pouvoir absolu.Pour Hlne Le Beau, il s'agit de se dlivrer de l'angoisse existentielle que lui inspire la mort.Gabriel Goulet et Maryvonne Griat, eux, dcrivent travers les combats de leurs hros une libration des prjugs.
Exhaust Emissions from Small, Utility, Internal Combustion Engines (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This material reports findings of an exploratory experimental study designed to add information on the contribution to air pollution of exhaust emissions from small, utility engines, and to evaluate the procedures used to test small engines. Gross measurements of hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, and nitric oxide are reported for 29 4-cycle and 7 2-cycle engines; sizes of the engines ranged 2-22 hp. Emission measurements were made on each engine for nine combinations of load and air-fuel adjustments; only one speed point-full governed-was covered in the tests. Test procedures are described. An overall average of the data indicate that, operated at full-load and optimum air-fuel ratio, the 4-cycle engines emitted about 8 g HC, 180 g CO, and 5 g NO<sub>2</sub> per horsepower-hour. Under comparable conditions, the 3-6 hp 2-cycle engines emitted an average of 140 g HC, 240 g CO, and 2 g NO<sub>2</sub> per horsepower-hour.</div>
An analogue computer for use in the design of servo systems (1952)

The paper shows the principles on which analogue computers, accepting as input data the singularities of a rational function, may be designed to display together the Nyquist diagram, the Q-diagram and the step-function response of a linear servo system having one dominant closed loop.It describes a simple model which has been built on these principles and gives some time and frequency functions computed by the model for certain patterns of singularities.
Linear electronic analog/digital conversion architectures, their origins, parameters, limitations, and applications (1978)

Various A/D and D/A conversions architectures, as evolved for communication oriented and computer related instrumentation, are described, and their relative advantages and disadvantages reviewed. Important parameters of performance are defined, and a number of critical factors involved in the design of A/D converters are considered. Emphasis is placed on the need for realistic "error budgets" and a recognition of the uncertainties and harsh realities of the environment in place. A number of A/D and D/A converter applications are reviewed to illustrate the diversity of requirements to be met by conversion system designers.