gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The SI-Combiner: Making sense of results from multiple trained programs (1998)

Many problems, such as Aroclor Interpretation, are ill-conditioned problems in which trained programs, or methods, must operate in scenarios outside their training ranges because it is intractable to train them completely. Consequently, they fail in ways related to the scenarios. Importantly, when multiple trained methods fail divergently, their patterns of failures provide insights into the true results. The SI-Combiner solves this problem of Integrating Multiple learned Models (IMLM) by automatically learning and using these insights to produce a solution more accurate than any single trained program. In application, the Aroclor Interpretation SI-Combiner improved on the accuracy of the most accurate individual trained program in the suite. This paper presents a new fuzzy IMLM method called the SI-Combiner and its application to Aroclor Interpretation. Additionally, this paper shows the improvement in accuracy that the SI-Combiner`s components show against Multicategory Classification (MCC), Dempster-Shafer (DS), and the best individual trained program in the Aroclor Interpretation suite (iMLR).
1H-NMR as implemented in several origin of life studies artificially implies the absence of metabolism-like non-enzymatic reactions by being signal-suppressed (2018)

<ns4:p><ns4:bold>Background</ns4:bold><ns4:italic>. </ns4:italic>Life depends on small subsets of chemically possible reactions. A chemical process can hence be prebiotically plausible, yet be unrelated to the origins of life. An example is the synthesis of nucleotides from hydrogen cyanide, considered prebiotically plausible, but incompatible with metabolic evolution. In contrast, only few metabolism-compatible prebiotic reactions were known until recently. Here, we question whether technical limitations may have contributed to the situation.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Methods</ns4:bold>: Enzymes evolved to accelerate and control biochemical reactions. This situation dictates that compared to modern metabolic pathways, precursors to enzymatic reactions have been slower and less efficient, yielding lower metabolite quantities. This situation demands for the application of highly sensitive analytical techniques for studying ‘proto-metabolism’. We noticed that a set of proto-metabolism studies derive conclusions from the absence of metabolism-like signals, yet do not report detection limits. We here benchmark the respective <ns4:sup>1</ns4:sup>H-NMR implementation for the ability to detect Krebs cycle intermediates, considered examples of plausible metabolic precursors.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Results:</ns4:bold> Compared to metabolomics ‘gold-standard’ methods, <ns4:sup>1</ns4:sup>H-NMR as implemented is <ns4:bold><ns4:italic>i)</ns4:italic></ns4:bold> at least one hundred- to thousand-fold less sensitive, <ns4:bold><ns4:italic>ii)</ns4:italic></ns4:bold> prone to selective metabolite loss, and <ns4:bold><ns4:italic>iii)</ns4:italic></ns4:bold> subject to signal suppression by Fe(II) concentrations as extrapolated from Archean sediment. In sum these restrictions mount to huge sensitivity deficits, so that even highly concentrated Krebs cycle intermediates are rendered undetectable unless the method is altered to boost sensitivity.</ns4:p><ns4:p> <ns4:bold>Conclusions</ns4:bold> <ns4:sup>1</ns4:sup>H-NMR as implemented in several origin of life studies does not achieve the sensitivity to detect cellular metabolite concentrations, let alone evolutionary precursors at even lower concentration. These studies can hence not serve as proof-of-absence for metabolism-like reactions. Origin of life theories that essentially depend on this assumption, i.e. those that consider proto-metabolism to consist of non-metabolism-like reactions derived from non-metabolic precursors like hydrogen cyanide, may have been derived from a misinterpretation of negative analytical results.</ns4:p>
Efficient Preparation of Aminoxyacyl Amides, Aminoxy Hybrid Peptides, and α-Aminoxy Peptides (2009)

N-(Pg-alpha-aminoxy acids) 1a-g are converted to N-(Pg-alpha-aminoxyacyl)benzotriazoles 2a-g, which react under mild conditions with amines, alpha-amino acids/alpha-dipeptides, and alpha-aminoxy acids to give aminoxyacyl amides 3a-g, (3e+3e'), and (3g+3g'), aminoxy hybrid peptides 4a-h, (4a+4a'), 6a-d, 9a-e, (9a+9a'), and (9b+9b'), and alpha-aminoxy peptides 10a,b in good yields without racemization.
aDORe: a modular, standards-based Digital Object Repository (2005)

This paper describes the aDORe repository architecture, designed and implemented for ingesting, storing, and accessing a vast collection of Digital Objects at the Research Library of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The aDORe architecture is highly modular and standards-based. In the architecture, the MPEG-21 Digital Item Declaration Language is used as the XML-based format to represent Digital Objects that can consist of multiple datastreams as Open Archival Information System Archival Information Packages (OAIS AIPs).Through an ingestion process, these OAIS AIPs are stored in a multitude of autonomous repositories. A Repository Index keeps track of the creation and location of all the autonomous repositories, whereas an Identifier Locator registers in which autonomous repository a given Digital Object or OAIS AIP resides. A front-end to the complete environment, the OAI-PMH Federator, is introduced for requesting OAIS Dissemination Information Packages (OAIS DIPs). These OAIS DIPs can be the stored OAIS AIPs themselves, or transformations thereof. This front-end allows OAI-PMH harvesters to recurrently and selectively collect batches of OAIS DIPs from aDORe, and hence to create multiple, parallel services using the collected objects. Another front-end, the OpenURL Resolver, is introduced for requesting OAIS Result Sets. An OAIS Result Set is a dissemination of an individual Digital Object or of its constituent datastreams. Both front-ends make use of an MPEG-21 Digital Item Processing Engine to apply services to OAIS AIPs, Digital Objects, or constituent datastreams that were specified in a dissemination request.
Figure 1. A texture metamorphosis sequence is generated from the leftmost to the rightmost. Pattern-based Texture Metamorphosis (2002)

In this paper, we study texture metamorphosis, or how to generate texture samples that smoothly transform from a source texture image to a target. We propose a patternbased approach to specify the feature correspondence between two textures, based on the observation that many texture images have stochastically distributed patterns which are similar to each other. First, the user selects a pattern in the source and target textures, and establishes the “local feature correspondence” between these two patterns by specifying landmarks. Then, repeated patterns are automatically detected and localized in the source and target textures. The “pattern correspondence” between two textures is formulated as an integer programming problem and solved using the Hungarian algorithm. Finally, we obtain a warp function between two textures by combining “local feature correspondence” and “pattern correspondence”. Experiments demonstrate that our technique produces visually appealing morphing sequences, with moderate amount of user interaction.
Photoelektronen‐Spektrum von H<sub>2</sub>CSO (1976)

Für alle Verbindungen XSO (X  H 2 C, HN, O, S) sind jetzt die Photoelektronenspektren bekannt, nachdem es gelang, auch die Spektren des kurzlebigen H 2 CSO und des beim Kondensieren polymerisierenden HNSO aufzunehmen. Damit lassen sich die Eigenschaften der Mitglieder dieser Verbindungsreihe vergleichend diskutieren magnified image .
Facilities and procedures used for the performance testing of DOE personnel dosimetry systems (1983)

Radiological calibration facilities for personnel dosimeter testing were developed at the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for the Department of Energy (DOE) to provide a capability for evaluating the performance of DOE personnel dosimetry systems. This report includes the testing methodology used. The informational presented here meets requirements specified in draft ANSI N13.11 for the testing laboratory. The capabilities of these facilities include sealed source irradiations for /sup 137/Cs, several beta-particle emitters, /sup 252/Cf, and machine-generated x-ray beams. The x-ray beam capabilities include filtered techniques maintained by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) and K-fluorescent techniques. The calibration techniques, dosimeter irradiation procedures, and dose-equivalent calculation methods follow techniques specified by draft ANSI N13.11 where appropriate.
Few-electron quantum dot circuit with integrated charge read out (2003)

We report on the realization of a few-electron double quantum dot defined in a two-dimensional electron gas by means of surface gates on top of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Two quantum point contacts are placed in the vicinity of the double quantum dot and serve as charge detectors. These enable determination of the number of conduction electrons on each dot. This number can be reduced to zero, while still allowing transport measurements through the double dot. Microwave radiation is used to pump an electron from one dot to the other by absorption of a single photon. The experiments demonstrate that this quantum dot circuit can serve as a good starting point for a scalable spin-qubit system.
Ensiling whole-crop wheat and corn in large containers with Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus buchneri (2002)

The effect of applying Lactobacillus buchneri, alone or in combination with Lactobacillus plantarum, at ensiling, on the aerobic stability of wheat and corn silages was studied in 50-l plastic containers. Treatments comprised control (no additives), L. plantarum, L. buchneri and a combination of L. plantarum+L. buchneri. After 3 months of storage, the wheat silages treated with L. buchneri had higher acetic acid contents than the control or L. plantarum-treated silages, and were free of mold, whereas the top layers of the control or L. plantarum-treated silages were moldy. In an aerobic stability test the L. buchneri-treated silages were stable, whereas those treated with L. plantarum deteriorated. In the corn silages the effects of L. buchneri were not as clear and the top layer was moldy in all silages. However, L. buchneri also improved the aerobic stability of the corn silage, as indicated by lower yeast numbers, less CO(2) production and stable pH. It is concluded that L. buchneri has a potential as a silage additive that protects the silage upon aerobic exposure. The 50-l plastic containers can serve as an appropriate model to test silage additives before conducting full-scale farm experiments.
Aproximación al ‘impacto’ de las revistas biomédicas en ciencias neurológicas: estudio de los indicadores bibliométricos en el <i>Journal Citation Reports-Science Citation Index 2006</i> (2009)

We found out a broad representation of neurological journals from the 6,166 journals included in the 2006 JCR-SCI edition. Bibliometric characteristics differ in accordance to the clinical (Clinical Neurology) or experimental (Neurosciences) nature of the area. Even though bibliometric indicators for the four Spanish neurological journals have gradually improve over the previous 5 years, they are still proportionally ranked low in JCR-SCI. Due to significant limitations observed in the IF, we suggest conducting its analysis from a multidimensional bibliometric perspective, and always within its contextual research area.
A high-field/high-frequency heterodyne induction-mode electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer operating at 360 GHz (1999)

We present design details of and first measurements with a novel continuous wave (cw) high-field/high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer operating at a microwave frequency of 360 GHz and a magnetic field of up to 14 T. The spectrometer design incorporates a heterodyne mixer detection scheme with a quasi-optical transmission line and a bimodal induction mode Fabry–Perot cavity. First cw experiments on polycrystalline 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl and bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl benzolate in polystyrene at room temperature and 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl in frozen solution at 190 K demonstrate the high Zeeman resolution achievable and allow an estimate of the present detection sensitivity of 4×109 spins/G at a detection bandwidth of 1 Hz.
Morphological characteristics, microsatellite fingerprinting and determination of incompatibility genotypes of Sicilian sweet cherry cultivars (2007)

Sicily has extensive germplasm of diploid sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) that has not been well studied. In this investigation, 39 cherry accessions, selected from collections and farms, were analysed using molecular markers and characterised for various morphological and other agronomic characters such as flesh colour, fruit size, quality and, in some cases, ripening periods. Thirteen Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primer pairs, as well as two primer pairs for the incompatibility (S) locus, which amplified across the first intron of the S-RNase gene and across the intron of the SFB gene, were used in three multiplexed reactions to analyse the accessions. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from four to 11 (mean 7.2). Twelve S-alleles were found. Allele S-4, which has been reported to be common in sweet cherry, was absent from the Sicilian germplasm and alleles S-16 and S-22 were frequent, although previously reported largely in wild populations. The accessions were assigned to their incompatibility groups. A UPGMA dendrogram was constructed and revealed possible synonyms. The set of SSR primers amplified unique fingerprints for 27 accessions, while twelve fell into six non-distinguishable groups. This approach could be used for comparing cultivars and wild accessions from other regions, and for establishing a database of this important species for breeding and conservation purposes. Several accessions useful for breeding are reported.
[Diagnostic usefulness of the determination of protein 14-3-3 in cerebrospinal fluid in Creutzfeld-Jakob disease]. (1998)

The test for detection of 14-3-3 protein is highly sensitive in patients with sporadic CJD. The 14-3-3 protein can be detected early when clinical manifestations do not allow the diagnosis of clinically definite CJD.
Nonlinear acoustic theory for rigid porous materials (1971)

Development of nonlinear acoustic theory for rigid porous materials and concept of temporal impedance operator
Characterization of yeast DNA sequences capable of directing transcription in<i>Streptomyces</i>and<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1994)

Random genomic DNA fragments from Saccharomyces cerevisiae were tested for their ability to activate transcription of a promoterless aminoglycoside phosphotransferase-encoding gene in Streptomyces. About 10% of the insertions led to kanamycin resistance when selected at low concentration (5 micrograms ml-1). The nucleotide sequences of five insertions that allowed growth at different concentrations of the antibiotic were determined. Three of them contained -10 and -35 consensus sequences for the major class of eubacterial promoters. In two others, a -10 sequence could be identified, but a -35 element was absent at the appropriate distance. All of the five inserts were also transcriptionally active in Escherichia coli and therefore probably belong to the major class of eubacterial promoters. Three of the characterized insertions found to match known yeast sequences did not derive from promoter regions. We conclude that sequences that function as eubacterial promoters occur at random in the yeast genome.
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae LOS1 gene involved in pre-tRNA splicing encodes a nuclear protein that behaves as a component of the nuclear matrix. (1993)

Mutations of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae LOS1 gene cause the accumulation of end matured intron-containing pre-tRNAs at elevated temperatures. In an effort to decipher the role of the LOS1 protein in pre-tRNA splicing, we have analyzed the LOS1 gene and its protein product. The LOS1 gene is located on the left arm of chromosome XI and the order of genes in this area of the chromosome is .... URA1 ... SAC1 TRP3 UBA1 STE6 LOS1 .... FAS1..... The LOS1 open reading frame encodes a putative protein of 1100 amino acids that shows no significant homology to other genes. The LOS1 open reading frame was tagged with the influenza virus hemagglutinin epitope recognized by the 12CA5 antibody. The 12CA5 antibody recognizes an epitope-tagged protein of the size predicted by the LOS1 open reading frame. Using this antibody for indirect immunofluorescence and cell fractionation studies we show that the LOS1 protein is located in nuclei. Los1p cannot be extracted from nuclei by treatment with nucleases, salts, or Triton X-100. This insolubility suggests that Los1p is a component of the nucleoskeleton. We propose that LOS1 mutations may affect pre-tRNA processing via alteration of the nuclear matrix.
Contamination Remediation Technology. (1996)

土壌・地下水汚染が深刻な問題となっている米国では, 汚染源対策の70%以上がコストベネフィットの観点から, 恒久修復型の浄化処理で実施され, コストパフォーマンスのある浄化専用技術の開発が推進されている。一方わが国では, 汚染顕在化の件数が少なく, 技術の適用実態が客観的に把握されているとはいい難い状況にあるが, 公表されている対策技術の過半数が封じ込め関連である。本稿では, 海外の情報も参考にしながらわが国における技術動向を紹介する。また, 導入技術も含めてわが国で利用できる技術を, 対策を実施する視点からみて, 対策の目的別, 適用対象の媒体別, 適用汚染物質の種類別に整理し概説した。さらに, 揮発性有機塩素化合物, 重金属およびPCBの各汚染地を想定して, 調査から浄化までの一連の作業をケーススタディとして行って, 積算した浄化費用についても, 土壌環境浄化フォーラムの活動成果の中から紹介する。
Allelic imbalance in the clonal evolution of prostate carcinoma (1999)

BACKGROUND To understand better the genetic basis of the clonal evolution of prostate carcinoma, the authors analyzed the pattern of allelic loss in 25 matched primary and metastatic prostate tumors. METHODS Twenty-five cases were selected from the surgical pathology files of the Mayo Clinic from patients who had undergone radical retropubic prostatectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy between 1987-1991. All patients had regional lymph node metastases at the time of surgery. DNA samples for the analysis of allelic loss pattern were prepared from primary tumors and matched synchronous lymph node metastases by tissue microdissection. The oligonucleotide primer pairs for the microsatellite DNA markers were D8S133, D8S136, D8S137, ANK1 on chromosome 8p12-21, LPLTET on chromosome 8p22, and D17S855 (intragenic to the BRCA1 gene) on chromosome 17q21. One case was not informative at any of the loci tested and was excluded from further analysis. RESULTS The overall frequency of allelic imbalance was 79% in primary tumors and 88% in paired metastases. Of 24 informative cases, 14 patients (58%) showed the same pattern of allelic loss or retention in matched primary and metastatic tumors at all marker locus; discordant allelic loss was observed in the remaining 10 patients (42%). Four patients showed loss of the same allele at one or more marker loci in both primary and metastatic tumors, but discordant allelic loss was observed at other marker loci. Five patients showed allelic loss in at least one genetic marker in the metastatic tumor but not in its matched primary tumor. Five patients displayed loss of one allele at one or more marker loci in a primary tumor but not in the matched metastases. There was no significant difference in the frequency of allelic imbalance between primary and metastatic tumors at any marker analyzed (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that different patterns of allelic deletion may be acquired during cancer progression to metastases. The differences in genetic composition between primary prostate carcinoma and its metastases may be related to intrinsic cancer heterogeneity, overall genetic instability, and clonal divergence. Cancer 1999;85:2017–22. © 1999 American Cancer Society.
Service-specific ABR routing algorithms (2002)

A wide variety of applications, including traditional data transfer and adaptive real-time multimedia, can potentially use the ATM available bit rate service. While these applications all share the ability to adapt their rate, they otherwise may have very different characteristics. The goal of this paper is to examine routing algorithms in the context of two different classes of best-effort applications: data-driven and real-time. We propose three new routing algorithms and compare them to algorithms from the literature using global and per-connection metrics. We demonstrate that the performance of a given routing algorithm is quite sensitive to the class of application. For real-time connections, routing algorithms that prefer shorter routes show better results. For data-driven applications, routing algorithms that try to balance allocated bandwidth and length of routes perform better. We further show that our new subgraphing algorithm consistently performs best for real-time applications on nearly all metrics.
Lentiviral-Mediated Transgene Expression Can Potentiate Intestinal Mesenchymal-Epithelial Signaling (2009)

Mesenchymal-epithelial signaling is essential for the development of many organs and is often disrupted in disease. In this study, we demonstrate the use of lentiviral-mediated transgene delivery as an effective approach for ectopic transgene expression and an alternative to generation of transgenic animals. One benefit to this approach is that it can be used independently or in conjunction with established transgenic or knockout animals for studying modulation of mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. To display the power of this approach, we explored ectopic expression of a Wnt ligand in the mouse intestinal mesenchyme and demonstrate its functional influence on the adjacent epithelium. Our findings highlight the efficient use of lentiviral-mediated transgene expression for modulating mesenchymal-epithelial interactions in vivo.
<title>Three-dimensional visualization of cardiac single-photon-emission computed-tomography studies</title> (1992)

We have previously reported on a method for visualizing cardiovascular nuclear medicine tomographic perfusion studies which included: long and short axis slices, two-dimensional (2- D) polar maps, three-dimensional (3-D) surface models, and four-dimensional surface models. We have since validated the 3-D surface model in a prospective patient population, added the ability to generate 3-D models from any polar map, and added a panoramic display that allows two 3-D models to be compared side-by-side. This paper describes the methodologies involved in these enhancements.
A Sub-Picosecond Resolution 0.5-1.5GHz Digital-to-Phase Converter (2006)

A digital-to-phase converter operating from 0.5-1.5GHz employs oversampling, noise shaping and DLL phase filtering to achieve sub-ps resolution independent of the operating frequency. Test chip fabricated in a 0.13mum CMOS process achieves a DNL below plusmn100fs and plusmn12ps INL and consumes 15mW while operating at 1GHz