gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anthocyanins Extracted from Black Soybean Seed Coat Protect Primary Cortical Neurons against <i>in Vitro</i> Ischemia (2012)

The present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of anthocyanins extracted from black soybean (cv. Cheongja 3, Glycine max (L.) MERR.) seed coat against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate-induced cell death in rat primary cortical neurons. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assays were employed to assess cell membrane damage and viability of primary neurons, respectively. OGD-induced cell death in 7 d in vitro primary cortical neurons was found to be OGD duration-dependent, and approximately 3.5 h of OGD resulted in ≈60% cell death. Treatment with black soybean anthocyanins dose-dependently prevented membrane damage and increased the viability of primary neurons that were exposed to OGD. Glutamate-induced neuronal cell death was dependent on the glutamate concentration at relatively low concentrations and the number of days the cells remained in culture. Interestingly, black soybean anthocyanins did not protect against glutamate-induced neuronal cell death. They did, however, inhibit the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preserve mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in primary neurons exposed to OGD. In agreement with the neuroprotective effect of crude black soybean anthocyanins, purified cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G), the major component of anthocyanins, also offered dose-dependent neuroprotection against OGD-induced neuronal cell death. Moreover, black soybean C3G markedly prevented excessive generation of ROS and preserved MMP in primary neurons that were exposed to OGD. Collectively, these results suggest that the neuroprotection of primary rat cortical neurons by anthocyanins that were extracted from black soybean seed coat might be mediated through oxidative stress inhibition and MMP preservation but not through glutamate-induced excitotoxicity attenuation.
Fruit Development and Ripening (2013)

Fruiting structures in the angiosperms range from completely dry to highly fleshy organs and provide many of our major crop products, including grains. In the model plant Arabidopsis, which has dry fruits, a high-level regulatory network of transcription factors controlling fruit development has been revealed. Studies on rare nonripening mutations in tomato, a model for fleshy fruits, have provided new insights into the networks responsible for the control of ripening. It is apparent that there are strong similarities between dry and fleshy fruits in the molecular circuits governing development and maturation. Translation of information from tomato to other fleshy-fruited species indicates that regulatory networks are conserved across a wide spectrum of angiosperm fruit morphologies. Fruits are an essential part of the human diet, and recent developments in the sequencing of angiosperm genomes have provided the foundation for a step change in crop improvement through the understanding and harnessing of genome-wide genetic and epigenetic variation.
Biophysical Properties of 9 <i>KCNQ1</i> Mutations Associated With Long-QT Syndrome (2009)

Electrophysiological characterization should be used to validate long-QT syndrome pathogenicity of novel missense channelopathies. When such results are inconclusive, great care should be taken with genetic counseling and screening of such families, and alternative disease-causing mechanisms should be considered.
On the achievable information rates of DPSK (1992)

The achievable information rates of differential phase shift keying (DPSK) with differential detection are investigated. DPSK detection creates a dependency between two consecutive receiver outputs, thus introducing memory in the corresponding channel model. It is commonly assumed that this memory is eliminated by the use of interleaving-deinterleaving. However, with interleaving the performance of DPSK over the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is substantially degraded compared to that of coherent PSK. We use the suboptimal phase-difference receiver to show that in this case noninterleaved DPSK achieves the performance of coherent detection (employing independent increment phase keying) when the channel phase is assumed constant throughout the coded block. Both capacity and cutoff rate are examined, and the results are compared to the (known) respective expressions evaluated for the interleaved case. The generalised cutoff rate for a scheme employing multiple-symbol detection over (short) subsequences is also examined.
Manipulating atoms with photons (2006)

Electromagnetic interactions play a central role in low-energy physics, chemistry, and biology. They are responsible for the cohesion of atoms and molecules and are at the origin of the emission and absorption of light by such systems. They can be described in terms of absorptions and emissions of photons by charged particles or by systems of charged particles like atoms and molecules. Photons are the energy quanta associated with a light beam. Since the discoveries of Planck and Einstein at the beginning of the last century, we know that a plane light wave with frequency ν, propagating along a direction defined by the unit vector u, can also be considered as a beam of photons with energy E = hν and linear momentum p = (hν/c)u. We shall see later on that these photons also have an angular momentum along u depending on the polarization of the associated light wave.
DNA Polymerases: Discovery, Characterization and Functions in Cellular DNA Transactions (2010)

Maintenance of the information embedded in the genomic DNA sequence is essential for life. DNA polymerases play pivotal roles in the complex processes that maintain genetic integrity. Besides their tasks in vivo, DNA polymerases are the workhorses in numerous biotechnology applications such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cDNA cloning, genome sequencing, nucleic acids-based diagnostics and in techniques to analyze ancient and otherwise damaged DNA. Moreover, some diseases are related to DNA polymerase defects, and chemotherapy through inhibition of DNA polymerases is used to fight HIV, Herpes and Hepatitis B and C infections. We have recently witnessed the discovery of an abundance of novel DNA polymerases in viruses, bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes with specialized properties whose physiological functions are only beginning to be understood. This book summarizes the current knowledge of these fascinating enzymes. It is intended for a wide audience from basic scientists, to diagnostic laboratories and to clinicians who seek a better understanding of these fascinating enzymes
The Fermilab E771 spectrometer A large aperture spectrometer to study charm and beauty states as detected by decays into muons (1996)

This paper describes the final incarnation of the Fermilab High Intensity Lab spectrometer which operated for ten years in the Proton West Area of Fermilab in the execution of two experiments (E537 and E705) which studied hadroproduction of high mass dimuon pairs. The version of the spectrometer used in E771 differed from earlier versions of the spectrometer by the addition of a silicon microstrip detector, pad chambers and resistive plate counters. These additions were implemented to give the spectrometer the capability of detection of secondary decay vertices from B → μ or B → Jψ → μμ decays. As discussed, the spectrometer in a short data taking period was able to address many kinds of physics, other than beauty decays.
Capacity analysis of free space optical links for a partially coherent gaussian beam over a turbulent channel with pointing errors (2013)

International audience
Alpha-amylase from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Thermococcus thioreducens (2003)

Extremophiles are microorganisms that thrive in, from an anthropocentric view, extreme environments such as hot springs. The ability of survival at extreme conditions has rendered enzymes from extremophiles to be of interest in industrial applications. One approach to producing these extremozymes entails the expression of the enzyme-encoding gene in a mesophilic host such as E.coli. This method has been employed in the effort to produce an alpha-amylase from a hyperthermophile (an organism that displays optimal growth above 80 C) isolated from a hydrothermal vent at the Rainbow vent site in the Atlantic Ocean. alpha-amylases catalyze the hydrolysis of starch to produce smaller sugars and constitute a class of industrial enzymes having approximately 25% of the enzyme market. One application for thermostable alpha-amylases is the starch liquefaction process in which starch is converted into fructose and glucose syrups. The a-amylase encoding gene from the hyperthermophile Thermococcus thioreducens was cloned and sequenced, revealing high similarity with other archaeal hyperthermophilic a-amylases. The gene encoding the mature protein was expressed in E.coli. Initial characterization of this enzyme has revealed an optimal amylolytic activity between 85-90 C and around pH 5.3-6.0.
Aerosol microphysics simulations of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption with the UKCA composition-climate model (2014)

Abstract. We have enhanced the capability of a microphysical aerosol-chemistry module to simulate the atmospheric aerosol and precursor gases for both tropospheric and stratospheric conditions. Using the Mount Pinatubo eruption (June 1991) as a test case, we evaluate simulated aerosol properties in a composition-climate model against a range of satellite and in-situ observations. Simulations are performed assuming an injection of 20 Tg SO2 at 19–27 km in tropical latitudes, without any radiative feedback from the simulated aerosol. In both quiescent and volcanically perturbed conditions, simulated aerosol properties in the lower stratosphere show reasonable agreement with the observations. The model captures the observed timing of the maximum aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its decay timescale in both tropics and Northern Hemisphere (NH) mid-latitudes. There is also good qualitative agreement with the observations in terms of spatial and temporal variation of the aerosol effective radius (Reff), which peaks 6–8 months after the eruption. However, the model shows significant biases against some observational data sets. Simulated AOD and Surface Area Density (SAD) in the tropics are substantially higher than the gap-filled satellite data products during the first 6 months after the eruption. The model shows consistently weaker enhancement in Reff compared to satellite and in-situ measurements. Simulated aerosol particle size distribution is also compared to NH mid-latitude in-situ balloon sounding measurements of size-resolved number concentrations. Before the eruption, the model captures the observed profiles of lower stratospheric particle number concentrations with radii larger than 5, 150 and 250 nm (N5, N150 and N250) very well. However, in the first 6 months after the eruption, the model shows high bias in N5 concentrations in the lower stratosphere, suggesting too strong nucleation. Following particle growth via condensation and coagulation, this bias in the finest particles propagates into a factor 2 high bias in N150. Our comparison suggests that new particle formation in the initial phase of large eruptions, and subsequent particle growth to optically-active sizes, might be playing an important role in determining the magnitude of the climate impacts from volcanoes like Pinatubo.
Padé аpproximation and interpolation sequences in control problems (2017)

This students tutorial describes a set of questions belongs to the multivariate Padé approximant of the analytic continuation related to the solution of Cauchy’s problem as well as of the interpolation from uniformly separated sequences of the Cauchy’s problem's solutions for tasks of observation and identification.
Rhenium nitrosyl complexes with simple and with sterically demanding aromatic thiolate ligands: X-ray crystal structures of [PPh<sub>4</sub>][Re<sub>2</sub>(SC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Me-4)<sub>7</sub>(NO)<sub>2</sub>]·CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>and [Re(SC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Pr<sup>i</sup><sub>2</sub>-2,6)<sub>4</sub>(NO)] (1985)

Reaction of [ReCl2(OMe)(NO)(PPh3)2] with a range of thiophenols under basic conditions gives one of two classes of products depending on the steric requirements of the thiols. A representative member of each class has been characterised by an X- ray crystal structure determination. Thiophenols with methyl or isopropyl groups in their ortho positions give the mononuclear complexes [Re(SR)4(NO)](SR = SC6H2Pri3-2,4,6, SC6H3Pri2-2,6, SC6H2Pri2-2,6-4- Br, or SC6H2Me3-2,4,6) which are trigonal bipyramidal with an axial NO group. Thiophenols without ortho-substituents give the dinuclear anions [Re2(SR)7(NO)2]–(SR = SPh or SC6H4Me-4) which contain a triple thiolate bridge between two equivalent rhenium atoms. These anions show a fluxionality involving intramolecular exchange of six thiolato-ligands.
The reuse of methods (2002)

The reuse paradigm is an actively growing research area within the field of information systems development. Much work has been done to create frameworks for code reuse and design reuse. In this article we propose that we can extend the reuse paradigm even further and can enact the reuse of information systems development methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Substitution Reactions of Cyclopropyl Group‐ Containing Allylic Esters. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Effects of Acute Injections of Selective Dopamine Receptor Agonists and Antagonists on Three Models of Impulsivity in the Rat (2009)

A role for dopaminergic transmission in the expression of impulsivity in animal models has been demonstrated. The role of individual dopamine receptors in these actions is not entirely clear, however. Sprague Dawley rats were trained to respond on one of three purported models of impulsivity: the delay discounting task, a paced fixed consecutive number schedule, or an uncertain visual discrimination task. Agonists and antagonists selective for individual dopamine receptor subtypes or compounds acting at the dopamine transporter were administered and changes in behavior were recorded. Results indicate that dopaminergic transmission is important for each of the impulsivity models examined. Furthermore, the effects of specific compounds across models are sometimes in concordance and sometimes in discordance, indicating these models are not measuring the same aspect of behavior. This research was supported by USPHS/NIDA grants R01 DA020669 and T32 DA007267.
<i>Ab</i><i>initio</i>determination of a structural phase transition temperature (1987)

The temperature of the structural phase transition in GeTe is calculated complete ab initio from a model lattice-dynamical Hamiltonian that is constructed from microscopic quantum-mechanical total-energy calculations. The phase transition in the model system is studied through a renormalization-group-theory approach, leading to the prediction of a fluctuation-driven first-order transition at 657\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}100 K.
Sudden Cardiac Death Triggered by an Earthquake (1996)

The Northridge earthquake was a significant trigger of sudden death due to cardiac causes, independently of physical exertion. This finding, along with the unusually low incidence of such deaths in the week after the earthquake, suggests that emotional stress may precipitate cardiac events in people who are predisposed to such events.
An Experimental and Computational Study of Jet-A Fueled Pulse Detonation Engine Operation (2006)

An experimental and computational study regarding the operation of a Jet-A-fueled pulse detonation engine has been performed. In the experiments, liquid Jet-A fuel is injected into the head end of the engine in the form of atomized droplets. Preheated air serves to entrain and evaporate the fuel droplets, which are then spark ignited after traversing a finite length of pre-vaporizer section. The operation of the engine was investigated over a range of initial temperatures and pressures characteristic of high Mach-number operation or conventional gas turbine compressor discharge conditions. Pressure transducers and ionization probes were utilized to measure the absolute pressure rise and propagation speed of the combustion wave in order to verify detonation. Consistent and repeatable detonations have been observed in Jet-A / air mixtures at initial temperatures and pressures ranging from 225 - 312 F and 1.0 2.4 atm at frequencies up to 25 Hz. In addition, computational simulations of detonation propagation in an ideal-tube PDE fueled with Jet-A/air mixtures are presented.
Purification of DNA-origami nanostructures by rate-zonal centrifugation (2012)

Most previously reported methods for purifying DNA-origami nanostructures rely on agarose-gel electrophoresis (AGE) for separation. Although AGE is routinely used to yield 0.1-1 µg purified DNA nanostructures, obtaining >100 µg of purified DNA-origami structure through AGE is typically laborious because of the post-electrophoresis extraction, desalting and concentration steps. Here, we present a readily scalable purification approach utilizing rate-zonal centrifugation, which provides comparable separation resolution as AGE. The DNA nanostructures remain in aqueous solution throughout the purification process. Therefore, the desired products are easily recovered with consistently high yield (40-80%) and without contaminants such as residual agarose gel or DNA intercalating dyes. Seven distinct three-dimensional DNA-origami constructs were purified at the scale of 0.1-100 µg (final yield) per centrifuge tube, showing the versatility of this method. Given the commercially available equipment for gradient mixing and fraction collection, this method should be amenable to automation and further scale up for preparation of larger amounts (e.g. milligram quantities) of DNA nanostructures.
Poles and Parallels of Culture (1927)

It is not often that a book excites such comment as did Spengler’s Decline of the West in postwar Germany. Only the first volume of this has been translated into English, as yet. It is an exposition of determinism involving the methodic rise and fall of cultures. And in spite of some exaggerations, and the arbitrariness of its thesis, it is of the greatest interest. Possibly its greatest value lies in this, that the author contrives to awaken in his reader an understanding of the diversity of civilizations. We are so accustomed to look from out our own culture without adjusting our prejudices, and to form judgments in a moment of time upon an almost eternal phenomenon. We take no account of the changes in culture, of the shifting perspectives, and alien outlook in countries which are spiritually as remote as another world. We condemn or praise with no real sympathy. In the hope of deepening understanding a few comparisons between civilizations are suggested in this article. The natural opposite of Europe has been always the East. But Roman Europe was, and modem Europe is, confronted by an Orient feverish and decadent. Syria and Egypt then can be compared to India now. We can find parallels between the local cults of those countries that rose to sudden prominence as fashions at Rome and those that do the same to-day; or between the atmosphere of the Trismegistists and that of the followers of Shankara. Between that period and the present the true East and true West were separated by the vigorous world of Arab culture, alien alike to its eastern and its western neighbours.
Interleukin-6 acts as insulin sensitizer on glycogen synthesis in human skeletal muscle cells by phosphorylation of Ser<sup>473</sup> of Akt (2005)

Previous studies showed an insulin-"desensitizing" action of IL-6 on glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes. We recently found no inhibition of the proximal steps of the insulin signal cascade in human skeletal muscle cells. Because these data indicate a possible tissue-specific effect of IL-6, we investigated the influence of IL-6 on insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis in these cells. At first, we found that incubation of the cells with 20 ng/ml IL-6 alone induced phosphorylation of Ser473 of Akt, but not of Thr308 time dependently and we observed that IL-6 augments insulin-induced Ser473 and Thr308 phosphorylation in the low nanomolar range of insulin. Moreover, IL-6 increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3. Accordingly, IL-6 enhanced glycogen synthesis in the presence of 3 and 10 nM insulin, whereas IL-6 alone had only a marginal effect. IL-6 treatment of C57Bl/6 mice readily stimulated phosphorylation of Ser473 in skeletal muscle. Our result that IL-6 did not induce Ser473 phosphorylation in the liver of these mice suggests a tissue-specific effect. Together, our data demonstrate a novel insulin-sensitizing function of IL-6 on glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscle cells and indicate that IL-6 exerts cell/tissue-specific effects on insulin action.
A novel channel estimation technique for OFDM systems with robustness against timing offset (2011)

A new interpolation based channel estimation technique has been proposed to eliminate the effect of phase rotation caused by symbol timing offset (STO) in comb-type pilot-aided OFDM systems. STO is one of the most severe impairments that leads to inter-symbol interference (ISI) and phase rotation of FFT outputs and results in performance degradation in OFDM systems. The main advantage of the proposed channel estimation technique is its insensitivity to the impact of phase rotation. Subsequently, the fine timing synchronization process (which tries to cancel the residual STO) in conventional timing synchronization methods can be eliminated. The main idea behind the proposed technique is to separate the phase and the magnitude components of the estimated channel frequency response at the pilot subcarriers. In this way, two steps of interpolation are performed for the both phase and magnitude, separately and independently. Computational complexity of the proposed channel estimation method is approximately equal to that of the conventional one. Analytical and simulation results of applying the proposed technique to the DVB-T system show that the achieved BER performance is close to that of conventional method in the absence of any timing offset, while in the presence of STO, the proposed technique outperforms the conventional method, considerably.
Pedestrian Detection based on Gaussian Mixture ModelMultiresolution CoHOG (2018)

Recently, Co-occurrence histograms of oriented gradients (CoHOG) describes image features to calculate the co-occurrence of pixels allocated at the local level and has attracted attention as an effective object detection method. However, this method has some problems. For feature descriptions that focus on individual pixels, calculation cost and the number of dimensions tend to increase exponentially with respect to the number of pixels. Multiresolution CoHOG (MRCoHOG) can suppress such exponential increases to linear increase without reducing the classification accuracy. This paper proposes a procedure in which a feature plane is divided using a Gaussian mixture model and a histogram is automatically divided to establish a less costly method for performing MRCoHOG. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed procedure is more effective than conventional procedures.