gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental method for the hyperthermic treatment of cells in tissue culture: Initial application to pancreatic cancer cells (1987)

Hyperthermia is attractive as a potential adjunctive modality in the treatment of cancer, especially those cancers that are more resistant to conventional modalities. In the present study, we characterized the response of two pancreatic cancer cell lines to hyperthermia alone. In so doing, we utilized and characterized a novel exposure system that heats by 915-MHz continuous wave microwave (MW) radiation, with microprocessor control of the power input via temperature monitoring of the sample and simultaneous visualization and recording of temperature parameters. Samples, consisting of cells in 25-cm2 culture flasks with 10 ml of medium, were exposed to MWs in a stripline for 1 h at MW-induced temperatures of 37, 41.5, 42.5, 43.5, or 44.5 degrees C. The specific absorption rate was 132 W/kg for all temperatures. In addition, 37 degrees C waterbath controls were concurrently run. The colony formation assay was used to assess cytotoxicity. No significant difference was found between 37 degrees C waterbath and 37 degrees C MW controls. Significant differences in the thermosensitivity of the two cell lines were found, with the most drug-sensitive cell line showing the greatest thermosensitivity. However, hyperthermia alone was not very effective as a single cytotoxic modality in either cell line. The MW-hyperthermia-induction system provided precise, automated temperature control (+/- 0.2 degrees C), and ease of utilization and data management.
Mapping of a Conformational Epitope Shared between E1 and E2 on the Serum-derived Human Hepatitis C Virus Envelope (2003)

Monoclonal antibody D32.10 produced by immunizing mice with a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-enriched pellet obtained from plasmapheresis of a chronically HCV1b-infected patient binds HCV particles derived from serum of different HCV1a- and HCV1b-infected patients. Moreover, this monoclonal has been shown to recognize both HCV envelope proteins E1 and E2. In an attempt to provide novel insight into the membrane topology of HCV envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2, we localized the epitope recognized by D32.10 on the E1 and/or E2 sequence using Ph.D.-12 phage display peptide library technology. Mimotopes selected from the phage display dodecapeptide library by D32.10 shared partial similarities with 297RHWTTQGCNC306 of the HCV E1 glycoprotein and with both 613YRLWHYPCT621 and 480PDQRPYCWHYPPKPC494 of the HCV E2 glycoprotein. Immunoreactivity of D32.10 with overlapping peptides corresponding to these three HCV regions confirmed these localizations and suggested that the three regions identified are likely closely juxtaposed on the surface of serum-derived particles as predicted by the secondary model structure of HCV E2 derived from the tick-borne encephalitis virus E protein. This assertion was supported by the detection of specific antibodies directed against these three E1E2 regions in sera from HCV-infected patients.
A Behind‐the‐Scenes Look at the Safety Assessment of Feminine Hygiene Pads (2006)

Forms of menstrual protection have evolved with time. Today's disposable feminine hygiene products, notably sanitary pads, include a wide range of designs and features to meet women's needs for reliable, discreet, and comfortable protection. Manufacturers support substantive research and testing programs to ensure the safety of these products. The premarket safety assessment of feminine hygiene pads is a systematic, stepwise process that includes toxicological evaluation of the raw materials, the conduct of prospective, controlled clinical trials to assess product safety-in-use, and, in some cases, independent scientific review. A broad clinical database, developed over the past 20 years, substantiates that modern, feminine hygiene pads are not associated with significant gynecological, dermatological, or microbiological effects. Postmarket surveillance provides reassurance that the products are acceptable to consumers worldwide.
The Roots of the Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1866 and Again in 1931-1940. (1995)

This study documents the roots of the Buffalo Soldiers at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas in 1866 and again in 1931-1940. The study's focus is on the mission of Fort Leavenworth and its relationship of the Buffalo Soldiers, garrison life for the Buffalo Soldiers while assigned at Fort Leavenworth from 1931-1940, and the reason why Fort Leavenworth was chosen as the site of the renowned Buffalo Soldier monument. An overview of the Army's mission in the West and Fort Leavenworth's role provide the evidence for the Tenth Cavalry's assignment to Fort Leavenworth. This study summarizes their combat and non combat operations, garrison life at Fort Leavenworth in the 1930s and 1940s, recreation and entertainment activities, employment opportunities, and encounters with discrimination. As a result of the loyal service, perseverance, and contributions of the Buffalo Soldiers who served in the Tenth Cavalry, Negroes have attained respect and recognition for their contributions to the U.S. Armed Forces. Additionally, the Buffalo Soldiers clearly set the stage for the advancement of Negroes in the Armed Forces that continues today.
Towards a solid state detector response function for AXAF calibration (1998)

As part of the extensive ground testing of the AXAF, x-ray detectors of standard design were used as secondary absolute calibrators. In order to realize the overall facility calibration goal, these detectors need to be calibrated in turn on a primary x-ray standard. This exercise consists of accurately determining the detectors' response to monochromatic x-rays of different energies. Our data were obtained on various beamlines at the BESSY synchrotron storage ring, which is a very accurately calibrated standard x-ray source. Here we report progress in understanding the response function of the solid-state devices (SSDs). The response is modeled using JMKmod in the XSPEC package, and includes effects of pileup, incomplete charge collection, fluorescent escape, and other secondary processes. Knowledge of the SSD response function will permit precise removal of SSD detector effects form AXAF calibration data, and therefore allow accurate calibration of the AXAF system's effective area and other performance parameters.
Separators for alkaline batteries. [natural or synthetic cellulosic materials, styrene, nylon, glass fiber, Teflon, etc] (1976)

A multi-layer separator for use in alkaline storage batteries is disclosed. In one aspect of the invention the separator comprises bibulous, nonmembranous layers together with a coating of a relatively thin layer of a gelling agent applied to at least one side of one of the bibulous layers. In another aspect of the invention, outer bibulous, nonmembranous layers sandwich and are bonded to a semipermeable membranous layer with an adherent gelling agent to form a high-strength laminated separator. These separators find use in a variety of alkaline galvanic cells, particularly in rechargeable cells such as nickel--cadmium, nickel--zinc, silver--zinc, manganese dioxide--zinc, and similar cells. 3 figures.
Fully Symbolic Model Checking of Timed Systems using Difference Decision Diagrams1 1This work was carried out while the authors were at the Department of Information Technology, Technical University of Denmark, and was finnancially supported by a grant from the Danish Technical Research Council. (2001)

Current approaches for analyzing timed systems are based on an explicit enumeration of the discrete states and thus these techniques are only capable of analyzing systems with a handful of timers and a few thousand states. We address this limitation by describing how to analyze a timed system fully symbolically, i.e., by representing sets of discrete states and their associated timing information implicitly. We demonstrate the efficiency of the symbolic technique by computing the set of reachable states for a non-trivial timed system and compare the results with the state-of-the-art tools Kronos and Uppaal. With an implementation based on difference decision diagrams, the runtimes are several orders of magnitudes better. The key operation in obtaining these results is the ability to advance time symbolically. We show how to do this efficiently by essentially quantifying out a special variable z which is used to represent the constant zero. The symbolic manipulations given in this paper are sufficient to verify TCTL-formulae fully symbolically.
Two-dimensional deuteron nuclear magnetic resonance of a polymer dispersed nematic liquid crystal (1991)

The two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and relaxation rates of polymer dispersed 4′-pentyl-4-cyanobiphenyl droplets deuterated in the β position of the hydrocarbon chain have been measured in the isotropic and nematic phases. A typical Pake power line shape pattern characteristic for a system of ‘‘bipolar’’ droplets with a random distribution of their symmetry axes in the external magnetic field has been found in the ω2 domain whereas the homogeneous linewidth was observed in the ω1 domain. The existence of a weakly orientationally ordered surface layer above the nematic–isotropic transition has been demonstrated. Whereas the deuteron T1/T2≂4.3 in the isotropic phase, T1/T2≂188 in the nematic phase for confined droplets. This effect, which is absent in the bulk, shows that T2 is here mainly determined by translationally induced rotation in the nonuniformly oriented director field inside the cavity. T1, on the other hand, is determined by the slowing down of local molecular reorientations at the surface of the confined droplet as well as by local molecular fluctuations and rotations within the randomly oriented droplets.
The effective cutoff wavelength of matched‐cladding and depressed‐cladding monomode fibers (1992)

Abstract In the monomode optical fiber transmission system, the effective cutoff wavelength of the first higher order mode is one of the most important design parameters. In general, the effective cutoff wavelength is somewhat shorter than the theoretical cutoff wavelength, resulting in a more robust design that allows the system to operate at a higher V value and thereby reducing the loss of the fundamental mode in the core. In this work, the bending method and power step method are used to measure the effective cutoff wavelengths for matched‐cladding and depressed‐cladding fibers, and the results are compared for these two types of fibers.
Assessing crop residue cover when scene moisture conditions change (2015)

Crop residues protect the soil against erosion and reduce agrochemicals in runoff water. Crop residues and soils are spectrally different in the absorption features associated with cellulose and lignin. Our objectives were to: (1) assess the effects of soil and crop residue water contents on the remotely sensed estimates of crop residue cover and (2) propose a method to mitigate these effects. Reflectance spectra of diverse crops and soils were acquired in the laboratory and the analyses was extended to agricultural fields with different crop residue covers and a wide range of moisture conditions. The slope of the linear relationship with the Cellulose Absorption Index was very sensitive to moisture conditions, whereas the slope of the Shortwave Infrared Normalized Difference Residue Index was altered in a lesser extent. Water indices that provided reliable estimates of the water content could be used to estimate crop residue cover corrected by moisture conditions.
[Newer anti - diabetic therapies and chronic kidney disease]. (2017)

Worldwide, an estimated 200 million people have chronic kidney disease (CKD), whose most common causes include hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes. About 40% of patients with diabetes develop CKD. Intensive blood glucose control through pharmacological intervention can delay CKD progression. Standard therapies for the treatment of type 2 diabetes include metformin, sulfonylureas, meglitinides, thiazolidinediones and insulin. While these drugs have an important role in the management of type 2 diabetes, only the thiazolidinedione pioglitazone can be used across the spectrum of CKD (stages 25) and without dose adjustment. Newer therapies, particularly dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors are increasingly being used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, a major consideration is whether these newer therapies can also be used safely and effectively across the spectrum of renal impairment.
Dihydropyridine C-Glycoconjugates by Hantzsch Cyclocondensation. Synthesis of a C(6)-Glycosylated Nifedipine Analogue (2002)

The use of glycosylated reagents in Hantzsch-type cyclocondensation reactions leading to C-glycosylated dihydropyridines (DHPs) has been investigated. A three-component approach with an anomeric sugar aldehyde (galacto, manno, and ribo derivatives), a β-keto ester, and an aminocrotonate afforded C(4)-glycosylated DHPs in high yield (70–90%). A two-component cyclocondensation approach based on different glycosylated β-amino acrylates (sugar enamines) and an enone derived from the Knoevenagel condensation between benzaldehyde and ethyl acetoacetate was followed for the preparation of C(6)-glycosylated 4-phenyl-substituted DHPs in fair yields (60–70%). The latter compounds were obtained as mixtures of diastereoisomers owing to the asymmetric induction of the sugar moiety in the formation of the C(4)-stereogenic center of the DHP ring. The diastereomer excess of the major products varied from 30 to 60%. The structure of selected compounds was determined by X-ray crystallography and by chiroptical measurements. The two-component cyclocondensation method was also employed for the preparation of a C(6)-ribofuranosyl-containing analogue of the well-known hypotensive agent nifedipine.
Sublunar writing (2004)

For all their boasting, practical men do not know either men or the world; they do not even know the reality of their own works. [If they could return to life], the geniuses of pure politics, the fatalia monstra recorded in histories, would be astounded to learn what they have done without being aware of it, and they would read of their own past deeds as in a hieroglyph to which they had been offered the keys.Benedetto Croce
Targeting effective blood pressure control with angiotensin receptor blockers (2006)

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have become established as a major class of antihypertensive on the basis of their powerful effects on blood pressure (BP), excellent tolerability and pleiotropic end-organ-protective effects. However, individual ARBs vary in antihypertensive efficacy, which may be important to clinical outcome. Several strategies are available to ensure that BP reductions with ARBs are at least as great as that which can be achieved with other antihypertensive classes. Firstly, several newer ARBs, including irbesartan, candesartan, telmisartan and olmesartan, have been reported to provide equivalent antihypertensive efficacy to amlodipine and greater efficacy than either losartan, valsartan or both. Secondly, increases in dose may improve the antihypertensive efficacy of agents such as valsartan, although clinical studies are necessary to provide characterisation of new, higher-dose monotherapies. Thirdly, fixed dose combinations with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) increase the antihypertensive effect of all ARBs. It is likely that differences in efficacy between newer and older ARBs will in some cases be sustained in combination therapy, such that the most potent ARBs and HCTZ will provide another tier of control. The future use of ARBs is likely to involve a growing emphasis on compound-specific data, with regard to the antihypertensive efficacy and pleiotropic protective actions of agents.
EIQ Analysis in Chain Distribution Center Picking System (2010)

Logistics chain management distribution center will be tens of thousands of different modes of transport of goods shipped through the picking system for rapid and accurate classification, and delivering goods to the designated locations, through the EIQ analysis of the distribution center to ship orders the information customer orders food items, quantity and order number of characteristics, to carry out distribution centers to store, select and other planning decisions.
Reusing Wastewater to Produce Microalgae for Nutrient Removal and Bioenergy Production (2011)

This paper projects a positive outcome for large­scale algal bioenergy production when wastewater treatment is the primary goal. Such a view arises partly from a recent change in emphasis in wastewater treatment technology from simply oxidizing the organic matter in the waste (i.e. removing the biological oxygen demand) to removing the nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, which are the root cause of eutrophication of inland waterways and coastal zones. A growing need for nutrient removal greatly improves the prospects for using new algal ponds in wastewater treatment, since microalgae are particularly efficient in capturing and removing such nutrients. The paper summarizes and compares several scenarios for two of Australia’s largest wastewater treatment plants. Using a spreadsheet model, four scenarios that combine algae biomass production with the production of biodiesel, bioenergy and other products were assessed. Our results showed that super critical water reactors and anaerobic digesters could be attractive options, the latter providing significant savings in greenhouse gas emissions. Combining anaerobic digestion with oil extraction and the internal economies derived from cheap land, and using and recycling water and nutrients on­site, could allow algal oil to be produced for less than A$1 per litre.
Abrikosov vortex memory based on a single vortex (1991)

An Abrikosov vortex memory device based on a cross strip superconducting-insulating-normal-superconducting (SINS) Josephson junction was developed to investigate the feasibility of using the motion of a single vortex to store information and perform logic. The write operation is performed by moving a single vortex from one pinning site to another using a current in one leg of the cross strip junction. The read operation is performed by measuring the Josephson voltage at a fixed bias Josephson current. For these PbBi-Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Al-Pb SINS junctions, the Josephson voltage depends on the vortex position because the vortex distorts the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern in a predictable way. The device is superior to earlier superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) devices in that the junction voltages are millivolts and can be read with rather simple electronics.
Tag detection algorithm for improving the instability problem of an augmented reality (2006)

Detection technology is a requirement for an Augmented Reality system. One of the problems with detection technology is the instability problem, which occurs when an obstacle occludes a tag while detecting the tag, and the augmented object suddenly disappears. We have proposed a corner detection algorithm to solve this instability problem. The key feature is that if the tag can recognize its position using its four corner cells despite the obstacle being present, then it can maintain its augmented object. We defined the corner case for all types of cases where the instability problem occurs in ARToolkit or ARTag. We have adapted our proposed algorithm to the corner case in ARToolkit, ARTag and ColorCode vision systems and have compared their false detection rates.
Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Welwitindolinone C (2015)

Progress towards the total synthesis of N-methylwelwitindolinone C isothiocyanate is reported. The tetracyclic core is established by a key alkylationâtype 2 intramolecular Dielsâ Alder cascade reaction, forming three new carbon-carbon bonds and five stereocenters in one step. Mechanistic studies suggest that alkylation proceeds via a zinc enolate intermediate instead of a silyl ketene aminal, shortening the synthesis by one step. Elaboration of the welwitindolinone core was accomplished with novel use of chlorinating agent MoCl5 to selectively convert a ketone to the vinyl chloride found in the natural product. To circumvent the problematic differentiation of two esters and install a bridgehead amine at an early stage in the synthesis, a series of new dienophiles were prepared. Ultimately selective protection of a diol intermediate allowed for differentiation, but methylation to install the final quaternary center proved to be challenging and remains one of the last hurdles in completing the synthesis.
Integrated Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Screening System for Amnesic, Neurotoxic, Diarrhetic, and Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins Found in New Zealand (2001)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed for amnesic, neurotoxic, and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (ASP, NSP, and DSP) toxins and for yessotoxin. These assays, along with a commercially available paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) ELISA, were used to test the feasibility of an ELISA-based screening system. It was concluded that such a system to identify suspect shellfish samples, for subsequent analysis by methods approved by international regulatory authorities, is feasible. The assays had sufficient sensitivity and can be used on simple shellfish extracts. Alcohol extraction gave good recovery of all toxin groups. The ease of ELISAs permits the ready expansion of the system to screen for other toxins, as new ELISAs become available.
Stereoselective generation and facile dimerization of (E)-2-methylene-3-alkenoic acid esters (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective generation and facile dimerization of (E)-2-methylene-3-alkenoic acid estersWolfgang Poly, Dietmar Schomburg, and H. M. R. HoffmannCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 16, 3701–3710Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00251a009Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1116Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation of three novel sulphur-containing phytoalexins from the chinese cabbage Brassica campestris L. ssp. pekinensis(cruciferae) (1986)

Inoculation of Chinese cabbage heads with the bacterium Pseudomonas cichorii induced the production of three major phytoalexins named methoxybrassinin (1), brassinin (2), and cyclobrassinin (3), whose structures have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic studies and synthesis.
Serum 25‐Hydroxyvitamin <scp>D</scp> , Transitions Between Frailty States, and Mortality in Older Adults: The Invecchiare in Chianti Study (2012)

Results provide evidence that prefrailty is an "at risk" state from which older adults with high 25(OH)D levels are more likely to recover than to decline, but high 25(OH)D levels were not associated with recovery from frailty. Thus, 25(OH)D levels should be investigated as a potential therapy to treat prefrailty and prevent further decline.