gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>In-situ pre- and postoperative optical resolution of the lens and pseudo-phacos: a preliminary report</title> (1993)

The effect of novel intraocular implants and refractive surgical techniques on visual acuity and contrast sensitivity is normally determined by the outcome of human clinical trials. Even if intraocular lenses (IOL) are optically `bench tested' prior to implantation, and their contribution to the patient's vision modeled by computer simulation, the clinical outcome is often poorer than mathematically predicted. This is due in large part to the approximations made in the schematic eye used for computation and the biological variables, such as iris geometry, the implant centration, and location with respect to the three-dimensional position of the visual axis and foveal plane. In vitro laboratory optical testing of novel IOLs and lens refractive procedures, such as capsular bag refilling and inflatable balloons, are non-existent. As animal experiments cannot resolve this dilemma, we took a new in vitro approach at assessing the vision of surgically modified and/or implanted human eyes. Using stock parts, a new optical instrument was built to measure the in situ optical resolution and OMTF of fresh cadaver eyes and to comparatively assess novel surgical techniques and implants by pre- and postoperative optical measurements of the retinal image.
Observation of Sub-Lattice Dislocation Pairs in an Improved High Temperature Protective Coating Alloy (1973)

A twenty-fivefold enhancement in the creep strength of nickel aluminide (NiAl) has been made by specific selection of a transition metal atom addition (Ti). The titanium addition in strongly favoring formation of the extremely stable Ni 2 A1Ti Heusler type phase gives rise to an alloy with a continuous Ni 2 AlTi phase containing a distribution of large NiAl ppts., see fig. 1. In the heat treated and undeformed alloy the lattice mismatch (−1%) is accommodated by two orthogonal sets of ao<100> dislocations. However, as creep ensues, these interfacial boundaries absorb glide dislocation to produce more complex networks of the type shown in fig. 1.
Delineation of four cell types comprising the giant cell tumor of bone. Expression of Ia and monocyte-macrophage lineage antigens. (1983)

Giant cell tumors of bone dissociated by collagenase digestion were found to be composed of four different cell types defined by morphology, growth in culture, and pattern of staining with monoclonal antibodies. Giant cells comprised an average of 0.8% of the cells recovered, with the remainder consisting of small stromal cells. Of the giant cells, 20-57% expressed Ia antigens, while all lacked IgG Fc receptors and five differentiation antigens associated with mature members of the monocyte-macrophage lineage (M phi S-1, M phi P-9, M phi P-15, M phi S-39, and 63d3). One antigen, M phi U-50, found on early monocytoid forms was expressed on Ia+ giant cells. 6-36% of the remaining stromal tumor cells formed a second subpopulation that assumed either a rounded or elongated shape in culture. These cells bore Ia antigens, IgG Fc receptors, and five antigens of the monocyte-macrophage lineage usually found on blood monocytes. However, these cells differed from monocytes or macrophages in that the antigen M phi R-17 generally found on tissue macrophages was absent, and the M phi U-50 antigen present on more primitive cells was well expressed. A very limited endocytic capacity was demonstrable. A third population of up to 24% of the tumor cells was defined by the presence of intense staining for Ia antigens but the absence of antigens of mature monocytes. A proportion of these cells expressed M phi U-50 and a minority had IgG Fc receptors. The two Ia(+) populations of stromal cells were not identifiable after 2 wk of culture, nor did tumor cells selected for the presence of Ia antigens proliferate in culture. A fourth population of cells lacked Ia and monocyte lineage antigens, but showed pronounced intracellular staining for acid phosphatase. These cells had a distinctive plump epitheloid to fibroblastoid morphology and were readily established in long-term culture where they gave rise to large multinuclear Ia(-) cells containing acid phosphatase. The possibility is discussed that the cell types of these tumors relate to various stages in the development of osteoclasts from precursors in the mononuclear phagocyte lineage.
Enhanced Heat Transfer Characteristics of Viscous Liquid Flows in a Chevron Plate Heat Exchanger (1999)

Steady-state heat transfer and pressure drop data for single-phase viscous fluid flows (2 ≤ Re ≤ 400) in a single-pass U-type counterflow plate heat exchanger (PHE) with chevron plates are presented. With vegetable oil as test fluid (130 < Pr < 290), three different plate arrangements are employed: two symmetric (β = 30 deg/30 deg and 60 deg/60 deg) and one mixed (β = 30 deg/60 deg). The effects of chevron angle β, corrugation aspect ratio γ, and flow conditions (Re, Pr, μ/μw on Nu and f characteristics of the PHE are delineated. The results show a rather complex influence of plate surface corrugations on the enhanced thermal-hydraulic behavior. Relative to the performance of equivalent flat-plate packs, chevron plates sustain up to 2.9 times higher heat transfer rates on a fixed geometry and constant pumping power basis, and require up to 48 percent less surface area for the fixed heat load and pressure drop constraint.
Azidoiodoiodine(1+) Hexafluoroantimonate: The First Binary Nitrogen–Iodine Cation (1992)

A nonplanar, chainlike structure for the cation I2N is suggested by the findings of Raman spectroscopy and the results of ab initio calculations (depicted here). This unprecedented binary I-N cation can be prepared by the reaction of IN3 with I2/SbF5 or of AgN3 with I3SbF6. (Caution: explosive!)
Polarization Vision and the Development of Retinal Network Models. Neuronal Information Transfer Functions from Cones and Horizontal Cells to Bipolar Cells (2008)

This report results from a contract tasking The Netherlands Ophthalmic Research Institute as follows: The final study demonstrated how cones compress natural stimuli into a dynamic range the rest of the visual system can cope with. Furthermore, the study demonstrated how horizontal cells, that store global stimulus parameters such as spectral composition and e-vector orientation of the global stimulus, adjust the gains of the cone synapse such that it suits the global stimulus conditions. It was also found that bipolar cells process these responses and how interaction between inputs to bipolar cells enhances their sensitivity to changes of intensity, color and presumably e-vector orientation. We identified an additional level of gain control in bipolar cells. Finally additional opponent processing of horizontal cells could not be revealed at the ganglion cell level. This indicates that just as in the spectral domain, opponency in horizontal cells is an efficient way of information coding and does not reflect a critical analysis step in 3-vector processing. Horizontal cell system is the memory of the global spectral composition and e-vector orientation of the animal.
Dynamic Threshold Body- And Gate-coupled SOI ESD Protection Networks (1997)

Abstract Novel silicon-on-insulator (SOI) electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection networks, employing dynamic threshold and body-coupling techniques, have achieved 4 kV HBM ESD robustness levels in preliminary prototype ESD networks. A body- and gate-coupled (B/G-C) SOI dynamic threshold “diode” has been shown to achieve ESD robustness levels of 18.8 V/μm of channel width.
Dietary Carbohydrates and Their Glycemic Responses (1984)

Different carbohydrate foods produce different glycemic responses, as has been recognized for many years.<sup>1-5</sup>However, in terms of dietary advice to diabetics, emphasis has remained on the relative virtue of "complex" carbohydrates (starch) over "simple sugars." The evidence has never been this clear-cut, as indicated by a report in the current issue ofThe Journal<sup>6</sup>on the modest postprandial blood glucose response to ice cream. <h3>Different Glycemic Responses to Different Foods</h3> Studies by Crapo and colleagues<sup>2,5</sup>demonstrated that the glycemic response to glucose was similar to certain starchy foods. Sucrose, with a lower blood glucose response than glucose,<sup>1,3,7-10</sup>produced a rise in blood glucose levels similar to those produced by many commonly eaten starchy foods.<sup>1,3,7-9,11,12</sup>In addition, the blood glucose and insulin responses seen in healthy volunteers were similar when a range of carbohydrates of differing complexity were compared; these included liquid starch, caloreen (a
Syntheses of Pyrimidine Derivatives. XIV (1959)

Reaction of 2-diethoxymethyl-acrylonitrile (V) with liquid ammonia produces 2-diethoxymethyl-3-aminopropionitrile (VI), with formation of bis (3-cyano-3-diethoxymethylethyl) amine (VII) as a by-product. (VI) undergoes reaction with acetamidine in ethanol to form 2, 7-dimethyl-5, 6-dihydropyrimido[4, 5-d]pyrimidine (XIII) as an intermediate, as in the case of 2-methoxyethoxymethyl-3-ethoxypropionitrile (IV), and its hydrolysis results in formation of 2-methyl-4-amino-5-acetamidomethylpyrimidine (XIV) in a good yield. The 3-acetamido compound, however, does not react with acetamidine under identical reaction conditions.
Influence of Adhesive Wear and Thermal Degradation on the Frictional Characteristics of Paper-Based FrictionMaterials: A Comparative Study (2013)

This paper discusses the effects of adhesive wear and thermal degradation on the dry frictional characteristics of paper-based friction materials against steel material. Some commercial paper-based friction materials typically used for clutch applications were subjected to adhesive wear and thermal degradation and the dry frictional characteristics were then measured at different states on a rotational tribometer. The experimental results reveal that both adhesive wear and thermal degradation have opposite effects on the frictional characteristics, where the static and kinetic coefficients of friction increase due to adhesive wear but decrease due to thermal degradation.
Evolution der enzymatischen und regulatorischen Eigenschaften der C4-Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxylase im Genus Flaveria (2002)

Die molekulare Evolution der C4-Phosphoenolpyruvat-Carboxylase aus Flaveria trinervia (C4) wurde mit rekombinanten Enzymchimaren und gerichteter Mutagenese untersucht.
Modeling and Rendering Heterogeneous Translucent Materials using Diffusion Equation (2008)

In this article, we propose techniques for modeling and rendering of heterogeneous translucent materials that enable acquisition from measured samples, interactive editing of material attributes, and real-time rendering. The materials are assumed to be optically dense such that multiple scattering can be approximated by a diffusion process described by the diffusion equation. For modeling heterogeneous materials, we present the inverse diffusion algorithm for acquiring material properties from appearance measurements. This modeling algorithm incorporates a regularizer to handle the ill-conditioning of the inverse problem, an adjoint method to dramatically reduce the computational cost, and a hierarchical GPU implementation for further speedup. To render an object with known material properties, we present the polygrid diffusion algorithm, which solves the diffusion equation with a boundary condition defined by the given illumination environment. This rendering technique is based on representation of an object by a polygrid, a grid with regular connectivity and an irregular shape, which facilitates solution of the diffusion equation in arbitrary volumes. Because of the regular connectivity, our rendering algorithm can be implemented on the GPU for real-time performance. We demonstrate our techniques by capturing materials from physical samples and performing real-time rendering and editing with these materials.
<title>Generation of a 3D triangular surface mesh from digitalized data</title> (1997)

Computer modeling and simulation are increasingly used to replace or compliment physical prototypes during product design and development. Computer models, called virtual prototypes, can be used to create realistic images of potential products, complete with color, texture, and lighting effects. For products which have not yet been computer modeled, a physical prototype can be digitized to acquire the object shape. Before colors and textures can be applied, the scattered digitized data must be approximated with a continuous mathematical surface. This paper presents a method for approximating 3D digitized data with a triangular mesh surface. The method requires three steps: data thinning, mesh generation, and mesh optimization.
Universal<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>suppression by in-plane defects in high-temperature superconductors: Implications for pairing symmetry (1996)

The influence of in-plane oxygen defects on the critical temperature, resistivity, and Hall coefficient was studied in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6+\mathit{x}}$ (YBCO) films with different oxygen contents (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$ ranging from 30 to 93 K) with emphasis on the underdoped ``spin-gap phase.'' A strong ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ suppression was observed, but no influence of the defects on ``spin-gap'' features in the transport properties was found. A comparison is made with ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ suppression by other in-plane defects such as Zn substitutions for Cu, Pr substitutions for Y in YBCO, and radiation defects in Bi-2201 and Bi-2212 high-${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ superconductors. ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ suppression by defects is shown to occur in a universal way which is independent of the ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}0}$, carrier concentration, and number of ${\mathrm{CuO}}_{2}$ planes per unit cell. It is shown that, independent of whether the in-plane defects induce localized magnetic moments or not, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is a universal function of the impurity scattering rate, which can be described by the pair-breaking theory for potential scatterers in d-wave superconductors, but requires that the pair-breaking rate be a factor of 3 smaller than that suggested by the transport data. An alternative description of the ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ suppression in terms of the phase fluctuation theory proposed recently by Emery and Kivelson is also discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
<title>New optical and electric-field-assisted fluidic pick-and-place technique</title> (2000)

Electrophoresis is a classical electrochemical transport process, which is based on the migration of charged particles in a suspension by the influence of an electric field. One of the important applications of this technique is the study of DNA/RNA hybridization on bio-electronic chips. However, electrophoretic pick and place techniques are currently limited to the serial `pick' and `place' of individual devices or materials. There is a need for the rapid and parallel pick-and-place of individual devices to particular locations on a host substrate. In this paper, we present a novel electrochemical system for non-lithographic, field assisted, fluidic pick and place assembly of devices on a silicon substrate by means of electrical and optical addressing. The methodology presented here can be applied to massively parallel assembly of large semiconductor arrays (> 1000 X 1000) with fast (approximately a few seconds) and accurate positioning for a wide range of device sizes (0.8 - 100 micrometers ).
Between Continuum and Atomistic Contact Mechanics: Could We Bridge the Gap? (2007)

Recently various attempts have been made to compare continuum contact mechanics to atomistic simulations. The general conclusion of these studies is that continuum mechanics is not adequate to study nanoscopic interactions. Although the use of continuum mechanics at the nanometre scale has a number of limitations, some of the results obtained at atomic level using atomistic simulations can be explained at the continuum level by modelling the interacting surfaces as idealised rough contacts. This will be explicitly proven in this paper. The interfacial contact pressure distribution is found for a sphere pressed onto an elastically similar half-space whose surface is populated by a uniform array of spherical asperities (here representing individual atoms). Details of the load suffered by asperities in the contact disk, together with the effects of the roughness on the overall tangential compliance and the frictional energy losses, are found using a recently proposed technique [1]. Results obtained at continuum level are then generalised and compared to those reported in the literature at atomic level. It is shown that the use of the rough contact idealisation described here is capable of reconciling continuum mechanics and atomistic simulations by capturing some of the features that cannot be captured by the means of conventional Hertzian theory.
Usefulness of Dilute Russell’s Viper Venom Clotting Time (DRVVT) for the Routine Monitoring of New Oral Anticoagulants (2014)

Abstract The new oral anticoagulants such as rivaroxaban (Bayer Healthcare) (R) apixaban (BMS/Pfizer) (A) and dabigatran (Boehringer Ingleheim) (D) have been approved to manage thrombotic and cardiovascular disorders in the US and Europe. Initially it was thought that these agents would not require monitoring at the approved dosages for specific indications. However, there have been reported bleeding complications with some of these agents suggesting that monitoring of these drugs to optimize therapy in some patient populations may be needed. The purpose of this study was to determine which of the available clotting assays could be used to determine the circulating concentration of these new oral anticoagulants in plasma. Materials: Citrated blood was drawn from ten donors and spun at 3000 rpm to obtain platelet poor plasma (PPP). The PPP was supplemented with A, R and D in a concentration range of 0-1.0 ug/ml. In addition, five plasma samples, for each agent, containing varying concentrations of either A, R or D were also blindly analyzed. The plasma samples were analyzed using PT/INR (Innovin, Seimens, Deerfield,IL), APTT reagent (Platelin, TCoag, Ireland) dilute Russell’s viper venom time (DRVVT) and DRVVT confirm (HemosIL, Instrumentation Laboratories (Bedford, MA). Results: In the PT and APTT assays a concentration dependent increase in clotting time was observed, however the slope of the line was flatter than with the slope observed in the DRVVT and DRVVT confirm assays. In both the DRVVT and DRVVT confirm assays the concentration-response curves for A,D and R were straight lines with a steep slope. Therefore, it was possible to extrapolate the concentrations of the unknown samples using both of these assays. When using the DRVVT and DRVVT confirm assays , there was a good correlation between the calculated concentration and the actual concentration in the range of 50-1000 ng/ml (r2=0.82). At concentrations < 50 ng/ml, the calculated concentration showed a poor correlation with the actual concentration (r2=0.26). Conclusions: These results suggest that the PT and APTT assays are not sensitive to the new oral anticoagulants and therefore cannot be used to determine the circulating concentrations of these agents. However, the dRVVT and DRVVT confirm assays are sensitive to A, D and R at concentrations > 50 ng/ml, therefore, A,D and R can be monitored by these assays. Both of these assays are commercially available and can be readily adapted to any automated instrument. These studies warrant clinical validation of these tests in patients populations treated with the newer oral anticoagulant drugs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Test of several external posterior weighting functions for multiband full combination ASR (2000)

Keywords: speech Reference EPFL-CONF-82649 Related documents: http://publications.idiap.ch/index.php/publications/showcite/glotinidiaprr0027 Record created on 2006-03-10, modified on 2017-05-10
Commentary (Corica/Keane): Organ Preservation in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (2005)

This is a timely review on the current status of selective bladder preservation for muscleinvasive bladder cancer. Although controversial, the concept is extremely attractive to patients, and evidence from retrospective and/or small series demonstrate its efficacy. Most of these trials, however, have included highly selected patients. Unfortunately, there are few, if any, ongoing randomized controlled trials comparing radical cystectomy to bladder-preserving protocols. Although the overall 5-year survival rate for radical cystectomy and trimodality therapy is approximately 50%, patients with pure T2 disease frequently achieve 5-year survival rates approaching 70%.[1-3] While it is clearly beyond the scope of this editorial to go into an in-depth analysis of all the studies reported to date, several significant questions remain.
Stochastic polarization dynamics in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers described by simple rate equations (2001)

Current driven switching between two orthogonal linear polarizations in the fundamental mode of VCSELs is the object of intensive experimental and theoretical work. We developed a model based on the experimental evidence that the gain/loss difference between the two modes is an important factor in polarization switching. We analytically and numerically study a nearly-degenerate two-mode intensity rate equation model. The gain coefficients we use are current dependent and gain saturation with increasing optical power is also taken into account. Two types of stationary solutions emerge: pure-mode solutions (one mode lases) and mixed mode solutions (both modes lase). Stability analysis shows that when the gains equalize, switching between the two pure-mode solutions occurs. The nonlinear gain induces a region of bistability around the switching point. Taking into account the different time scales present in the model and using asymptotic techniques, we can further reduce the model to a single dynamical equation, which can be solved analytically. Stochastic effects (e.g. due to spontaneous emission) can be incorporated in this 1D Langevin-type equation. This allows us to explain the mode hopping in terms of a First Passage Time over the potential barrier in a double potential well.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydroformylation of 1,2‐Disubstituted Olefins Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphinephosphite‐Rhodium(I) Complexes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Computation of Higher Order Illumination with a Non‐Deterministic Approach (1996)

Abstract In spite of the number of efforts made by the computer graphics researchers, till today the computation of view‐independent global illumination in an environment containing non‐diffusely reflecting objects is a non‐resolved problem. In general, non‐deterministic techniques seem to be capable of solving this problem. In this article we propose one such non‐deterministic method which will permit such calculation by using a combined technique of higher order function approximation and particle tracing. We have used multi‐wavelets as basis functions and have calculated the illumination function approximation coefficients by exploiting the adjointness between the radiance equation and the potential equation.
Changes in prosthetic screw stability because of misfit of implant-supported prostheses. (2002)

Vertical discrepancies of 100 and 175 microns introduced between an implant-supported fixed complete denture and the terminal abutment resulted in significant prosthetic screw instability.