gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable Microstructure and Morphology of the Self-Assembly Hydroxyapatite Coatings on ZK60 Magnesium Alloy Substrates Using Hydrothermal Methods (2020)

Hydroxyapatite coatings have been widely used to improve the corrosion resistance of biodegradable magnesium alloys. In this paper, in order to manufacture the ideal hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on the ZK60 magnesium substrate by hydrothermal method, formation mechanism of enhanced hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings, influence of pH values of the precursor solution on the HA morphology, corrosion resistance and cytotoxicity of HA coatings have been investigated. Results show that the growth pattern of the HA is influenced by the local pH value. HA has a preferential c-axis and higher crystallinity in the alkaline environment developing a nanorod-like structure, while in acid and neutral environments it has a preferential growth along the a(b)-plane with a lower crystallinity, developing a nanosheet-like structure. The different morphology and microstructure lead to different degradation behavior and performance of HA coatings. Immersion and electrochemical tests show that the neutral environment promote formation of HA coatings with high corrosion resistance. The cell culture experiments confirm that the enhanced corrosion resistance assure the biocompatibility of the substrate-coating system. In general, the HA coating prepared in neutral environment shows great potential in surface modification of magnesium alloys.
Foreword to a special issue of<i>Inhalation Toxicology</i>on a risk assessment for iodomethane (2009)

Iodomethane is a pre-plant soil fumigant approved in the United States for agricultural application to soil used to grow high-value crops such as strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, and ornamentals. I...
A Case of Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis(EPF) and a Summary of 22 Cases with EPF Treated at Our Hospital. (1996)

30歳の男性。掌蹠に紅斑が初発し病初期は異汗性湿疹, その後膿疱が新生したことより掌蹠膿疱症と診断されていたが, 体幹に皮疹が拡大した時期の病理組織学的所見より好酸球性膿疱性毛嚢炎の診断にいたった症例を経験した。インドメサシン, 塩酸ミノサイクリン内服にて膿疱は消失し紅斑も軽快した。また, これまで当科で経験した好酸球性膿疱性毛嚢炎の22例について集計した。最近経験した1症例についてweak androgenを測定したところ高値を示した。治療経過においてインドメサシン内服が最も有効で, 大部分の症例で内服開始後数日で皮疹は改善した。しかし減量, 中止の過程で殆どの症例が再燃し, 数ヵ月から数年症状が持続している。
Artificial Neural Network With Composite Architectures for Prediction of Local Control in Radiotherapy (2018)

In this study, we investigated the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with composite architectures into the prediction of local control (LC) of lung cancer patients after radiotherapy. The motivation of this study was to take advantage of the temporal associations among longitudinal (sequential) data to improve the predictive performance of outcome models under the circumstance of limited sample sizes. Two composite architectures: (1) a one dimension (1D) convolutional + fully connected and (2) a locally-connected+ fully connected architectures were implemented for this purpose. Compared with the fully-connected architecture (multi-layer perceptron [MLP]), our composite architectures yielded better predictive performance of LC in lung cancer patients who received radiotherapy. Specifically, in a cohort of 98 patients (29 patients failed locally), the composite architecture of 1D convolutional layers and fully-connected layers achieved an AUC (area under receiver operating characteristic curve) of 0.83 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.807~0.841) with 18 features (14 features are longitudinal data). Whereas, the composite architecture of locally- connected layers and fully-connected layers achieved an AUC of 0.80 (95%CI: 0.775~0.811). Both outperformed an MLP in the prediction performance with the same set of features, which achieved an AUC of 0.78 (95%CI: 0.751~0.790); (P-values for differences in AUC using the DeLong tests were 1.609 × 10<sup>-14</sup>and 1.407 × 10<sup>-4</sup>, respectively).
3D object identification based on matchings between a single image and a model (2002)

A model-based method for identifying convex or nonconvex polyhedral objects from a single image is described. An object is known by a region-edge-vertex model and an aspect graph. A few hypotheses are searched in a topological compatibility graph in which each node corresponds to a matching between chains of segments extracted from the image and model faces. The construction of this graph depends only on qualitative or topological criteria (number of edges for a face, syntactic description, perceptual organization, visibility, etc.). The search for hypotheses in the graph relies on the maximal cliques technique modified to deal with the global topological compatibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vitro Ecotoxicological Assessment Of Pelagic Ecosystems (2002)

No abstracts are to be cited without prior reference to the author.The ICES biological effects monitoring in pelagic ecosystems (BECPELAG) workshop is a multi-national, multi-disciplinary workshop aimed at establishing suitable techniques for monitoring the effects of contaminants on pelagic ecosystems. One of the many activities that have been performed concurrently is the extraction of water samples using semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and large volume solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by in vitro testing and targeted chemical analysis of the concentrated extracts. The following in vitro assays were used: DR-CALUX, yeast oestrogen and androgen screen (YES & YAS), blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) embryo, Tisbe battagliai, and Skeletonema costatum. Data from the study are presented along with recommendations on procedures for the use of in vitro in the monitoring of the pelagic environment.
Enabling Machine Design Innovation among Freshman Mechanical Engineering Students (2016)

Abstract In this paper, the author is presenting his experience creating and teaching a new Freshman Design Innovation class for Mechanical Engineering students at Stony Brook University (SUNY) as well as developing a Machine Design app for iOS and Android platforms being called MotionGen that enables students to perform kinematic design of four-bar planar linkage mechanisms that can execute desired paths or motions. Design is a creative endeavor of Engineers involving systematic creation of artifacts whose form and function achieve stated objectives and meet specified constraints. Engineering educators have determined that there is a critical need to introduce design concepts and projects early in a student's education, promote teamwork, and introduce modern engineering tools. The National Academy of Engineer's "The Engineer of 2020" report concludes that the passive, lecture-based instruction should be replaced or supplemented by active, integrated, project-based learning with significant design component. At the same time, recent years have seen a renaissance of maker movement, hobby shops, and economically successful trends enabled by democratization of manufacturing (3D printers and services), open-source software and hardware, and funding platforms. These trends have set up a perfect playground for engineering students to learn Engineering concepts and acquire valuable skills in a fun-filled design-oriented context. However, this goal would remain unmet unless there is a corresponding democratization of design capabilities. The National Academy of Engineering has declared “Engineer the tools of scientific discovery” as one of the grand challenges for engineering. An early stage, critical goal in the machine design process is generation, evaluation, and analysis of mechanism design concepts that can realize a given task. Lack of a systematic theory and simple, intuitive tools that allow both novice and experienced designers to design mechanisms for machine design applications has made achieving this goal difficult. However, the recent research results of the author in machine design and the use of intuitive multi-touch devices like iPads in education have the potential to be powerful enabler of design innovations. The author has implemented his recently developed algorithms for simultaneous type and dimensional synthesis of linkages into MotionGen, an app for designing planar four-bar linkage mechanisms. He has also created a new Freshman Design Innovation class that revolves around teaching and enabling freshman students to innovate mechanical devices by designing mechanisms using the app, assembling them into a 3D printed or laser-cut robot chassis, and finally programming them using a take-home Microcontroller Mechatronics kit. This paper presents the details of this class and the app and shows how Mechanical Engineering Educators could benefit from the resources developed by the author.
A time-to-voltage converter and analog memory for colliding beam detectors (1989)

A novel CMOS integrated circuit which measures the time interval between two digital voltage pulses and stores the result as an analog voltage is described. Resolution of the circuit is in the subnanosecond range. An additional feature of the circuit is a storage depth of eight samples, i.e. eight consecutive time measurements can be recorded individually and saved in an analog memory. A CMOS time-integration circuit based on saturation-region current switching performs very well, demonstrating that CMOS is well suited for this type of application. The time-to-voltage converter architecture is also easily expandable to implement the analog memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Measurement and estimation method for vapor-phase murphree point efficiency at high load in liquid air distillation. (1987)

コンパクトな液体空気精留塔上塔を合理的に設計し, 最適サイドカット段を決定するためには, まず高負荷域での点効率に関する知見が必要である.本研究では塔径0.1m, 段数4段の小規模液体空気精留試験設備を試作し, 多孔板構造因子として出口堰高と開孔比, 操作因子として上塔圧力, 全還流下でN2-O2系とAr-O2系について高負荷域で精留試験を行った.本実験では各段の気相濃度を測定してマーフリ気相段効率を算出した.段上液流路長さが短く, 高負荷流動のため完全混合と見なすことができるとして, 段効率は実用上点効率に等しいと仮定した.一方推算では二重境膜説を仮定した既往の研究について次のように修正して推算精度を向上した.開孔比をNG中の実験定数と関連づけ, また圧力損失の研究で得られた段上液ホールドアップを段上気液接触時間算出に必要な液ホールドアップとして用いた点効率推算法を提案した.本法による推算値はN2-O2系で絶対誤差1.8%以内, Ar-O2系で2.5%以内の精度であった.
Studies by electron microscopy on the assembly of duck hepatitis B virus in the liver (1985)

Liver specimens from 1-day-old ducklings infected in ovo with maternally transmitted duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) were examined by electron microscopy. Complete and incomplete DHBV particles were located within hypertrophied cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum of the hepatocytes. The complete viral particles found intracellularly have inner cores with a diameter ranging from 35 to 37.5 nm and an outer coat or envelope. The whole particle measures approximately 45-65 nm in diameter. Naked core particles were located in the nuclei, free in the cytoplasm, and also near or on the cisternal membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum on the cytoplasmic face. Duck hepatitis B virions appear to share morphological characteristics with the viral coat and core of human hepatitis B virus (HBV). Electron microscopy suggested that the core particles of DHBV migrate from the nucleus into the cytoplasm through the nuclear pores. The complete viral particles are probably formed by protrusion of the core particles through the endoplasmic reticulum and by simultaneous encapsulation with a coat derived from the endoplasmic reticulum.
Ascospore Germination of Carbonicolous Ascomycetes in Fungistatic Soils: An Ecological Interpretation (1979)

SUMMARYFungistasis is an important environmental regulator of fungal populations inhabiting soil, because it provides a mechanism of ensuring that spontaneous germination does not occur in the absence of substrate. Heat-activated ascospores of Podospora curvicolla, P. glutinans, and Saccobolus globuliferellus would germinate in prairie soil exhibiting a general fungistasis, yet fungal sporocarps were not produced. Nonsusceptibility of heat-activated ascospores to soil-fungistatic factors is related to the ecology of these carbonicolous/coprophilous Ascomycetes. Fire not only serves to activate dormant ascospores, but probably also reverses soil inhibition. As a result, carbonicolous Ascomycetes require no additional defenses to prevent their germination in fungistatic soils.
Assay for Evaluating Ribonuclease H-Mediated Degradation of RNA–Antisense Oligonucleotide Duplexes (2004)

Ribonucleases H are complex enzymes whose functions are not clearly understood, further compounded by the fact that multiple forms of the enzyme are present in various organisms. They are known to recognize and degrade the ribonucleic acid (RNA) strand of numerous deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-RNA duplex substrates, and so may provide a unique mode of therapeutic intervention at the genetic level of virtually any disease. We have therefore set out detailed procedures for conducting routine assays with almost any one of this family of enzymes by a straightforward assay aimed at identifying novel enzyme-activating antisense oligonucleotides (AONs). The procedures described herein should enable easy identification of potent AON molecules, provided that the RNA is appropriately labeled for subsequent visualization following the guidelines set forth in this protocol.
Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma with a Solitary Metastasis to the Mandible (2008)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to pose a worldwide burden on health resources with an occurrence of 1.4 million cases annually. It represents the fifth most common cancer in men and eighth most common in women worldwide. Eighty per cent of patients have a background cirrhotic liver, most commonly in the United States, resulting from chronic hepatitis C infection, whereas alcoholism also commonly contributes to the development of cirrhosis. Fifty per cent of patients diagnosed with HCC present with metastatic disease. Sites of metastasis commonly include the lungs, vertebral bones, and abdominal lymph nodes. Metastasis to the oral region is very rare. We report a 55-year-old man with metastatic HCC to the mandible. The patient was previously diagnosed with unresectable HCC and had undergone six cycles of chemoembolization therapy. Although the lesion remained stable in size, he did not qualify for liver transplantation because of active alcohol use. He presented to the emergency room for evaluation of recent-onset jaw pain. There was no history of trauma and an oral examination did not reveal any mucosal lesions. Mild swelling and tenderness of the right jaw was noted, and a subsequent CT scan revealed a right-sided mass centered around a fracture of the body of the mandible and surrounded by the masseter muscle. A biopsy of the mass revealed a metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma and a CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis confirmed it to be a solitary metastasis. The patient underwent surgical resection of a segment of the right mandible and the metastatic tumor. He continues to receive regional chemoembolization and is currently pain-free. Solitary metastasis to the mandible in the setting of HCC is exceedingly rare. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the lesion with immunohistochemical analysis is useful in characterizing the lesion and identifying the primary site. Radiotherapy has been used to palliate mandibular metastases; however, surgical intervention proved to be very effective in managing this patient's disease.
Effect of Vitamin D and Inhaled Corticosteroid Treatment on Lung Function in Children (2012)

In children with asthma treated with inhaled corticosteroids, vitamin D deficiency is associated with poorer lung function than in children with vitamin D insufficiency or sufficiency.
Molecular epidemiological study of human rhinovirus species A, B and C from patients with acute respiratory illnesses in Japan (2011)

Recent studies suggest that human rhinovirus species A, B and C (HRV-ABCs) may be associated with both the common cold and severe acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) such as bronchiolitis, wheezy bronchiolitis and pneumonia. However, the state and molecular epidemiology of these viruses in Japan is not fully understood. This study detected the genomes of HRV-ABCs from Japanese patients (92 cases, 0-36 years old, mean±sd 3.5±5.0 years) with various ARIs including upper respiratory infection, bronchiolitis, wheezy bronchiolitis, croup and pneumonia between January and December 2010. HRV-ABCs were provisionally type assigned from the pairwise distances among the strains. On phylogenetic trees based on the nucleotide sequences of the VP4/VP2 coding region, HRV-A, -B and -C were provisionally assigned to 14, 2 and 12 types, respectively. The present HRV-A and -C strains had a wide genetic diversity (>30 % divergence). The interspecies distances were 0.230±0.063 (mean±sd, HRV-A), 0.218±0.048 (HRV-B) and 0.281±0.105 (HRV-C), based on nucleotide sequences, and 0.075±0.036 (HRV-A), 0.049±0.022 (HRV-B) and 0.141±0.064 (HRV-C) at the deduced amino acid level. Furthermore, HRV-A and -C were the predominant species and were detected throughout the seasons. The results suggested that HRV-A and -C strains have a wide genetic divergence and are associated with various ARIs in Japan.
Embedded System Use and Users' Assessment: An Experimental Study of Electronic Negotiation (2014)

Focusing on users’ perspective, the current study conceptualizes that system use is embedded within the processes the users follow in order to achieve their goals. Given this conceptualization, users’ assessment of system use will take place in three sequential tiers, i.e., the assessment of achievement, technology+ interaction, and the system. The theoretical propositions were tested by conducting an e+negotiation experiment. The results support the proposed theoretical model and also show that users’ perception of their negotiation partner may influence their assessment of system use.
Accuracy of oxyhemoglobin saturation monitors during simulated altitude exposure of men with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. (1991)

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk for hypoxemia during air travel. We assessed the comparative performance of oxyhemoglobin saturation (%O2Hb) monitors on these patients during hypobaric exposure. We measured %O2Hb by arterial catheter blood co-oximetry (COOX) and compared these values to those from a transmittance ear oximeter and a reusable digital pulse oximeter. Additionally, we examined the effect of oxygen supplementation (4 L/min) on %O2Hb. A total of 18 ambulatory males with severe COPD were exposed to 8,000 ft (565 mm Hg) in a hypobaric chamber. Multiple measures of %O2Hb were made with each monitor at sea level and at 8,000 ft, with and without supplemental oxygen. By COOX, %O2Hb fell at altitude to clinically significant levels, and was subsequently corrected with supplemental oxygen. Saturations measured by the transmittance ear oximeter were very close to the COOX, underestimating the true value by only 0.6% at altitude (p less than 0.05), while the reusable digital pulse oximeter over-estimated %O2Hb alinearly by a mean of 3.8% at altitude.
IMPROVING GENETIC ALGORITHMS PERFORMANCE BY HASHING FITNESS VALUES (1999)

This paper presents a method for improving genetic algorithm (GA) performance. Typically, zero diversity in the population&apos;s fitness values signals the stopping point for a GA. As the population evolves, diversity diminishes, causing the same chromosomes to be frequently reevaluated. For real world problems, the computational effort spent on evaluating the fitness function far exceeds that of the genetic operators. By using a hash table to store the most recently evaluated chromosomes, significant performance improvements are realized. Several examples demonstrate the improvements.
Allostery and functional refolding in the Gram-negative hexameric Type II citrate synthases (2008)

Ubiquitin fold modifier 1 (Ufm1) is a newly identified ubiquitinlike protein. Like ubiquitin and other ubiquitin-like proteins, Ufm1 is synthesized as a precursor that needs to be processed to expose the conserved C-terminal glycine prior to its conjugation to target proteins. Two novel proteases, named UfSP1 and UfSP2, have been shown to be responsible for the release of Ufm1 from Ufm1conjugated cellular proteins as well as for the processing of its precursor. They show no sequence homology with known proteases. Here, we describe the 1.7 resolution crystal structure of mouse UfSP1, consisting of 217 amino acids. The structure reveals that it is a novel cysteine protease having a papain-like fold, with Cys53, Asp175, and His177 that form a catalytic triad, and Tyr41 that participates in the formation of the oxyanion hole. This differs from the canonical catalytic triad of papain-like proteases in that the aspartate and the histidine residues are from the 'Asp-Pro-His' box. The Asp-Pro-His configuration seen in UfSP1,together with Atg4B and M48USP, seem to form a new subfamily of the cysteine protease superfamily. The mutagenesis study of the active site residues confirms structural basis for catalysis. The interaction between UfSP1 and Ufm1 appears quite substantial, since the KD value was estimated to be 1.6 uM by the isothermal titration calorimetry analysis. Furthermore, theNMRdata shows that the loop between b3 and a2 in addition to the C-terminal region of Ufm1 plays a role in binding to UfSP1.
BEYOND COMPARING MEANS: THE USEFULNESS OF ANALYZING INTERINDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN GENE EXPRESSION FOR IDENTIFYING GENES ASSOCIATED WITH CANCER DEVELOPMENT (2012)

Identifying genes associated with cancer development is typically accomplished by comparing mean expression values in normal and tumor tissues, which identifies differentially expressed (DE) genes. Interindividual variation (IV) in gene expression is indirectly included in DE gene identification because given the same absolute differences in means, genes with lower variance tend to have lower p-values. We explored the direct use of IV in gene expression to identify candidate genes associated with cancer development. We focused on prostate (PCa) and lung (LC) cancers and compared IV in the expression level of genes shown to be cancer related with that in all other genes in the human genome. Compared with all those other genes, cancer-related genes tended to have greater IV in normal tissues and a greater increase in IV during the transition from normal to tumorous tissue. Genes without significantly different mean expression values between tumor and normal tissues but with greater IV in tumor than in normal tissue (note: the DE-based approach completely ignores those genes) had stronger associations with clinically important features like Gleason score in PCa or tumor histology in LC than all other genes were. Our results suggest that analyzing IV in gene expression level is useful in identifying novel candidate genes associated with cancer development.