gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C++ how to program, sixth edition (2007)

For Introduction to Programming (CS1) and other more intermediate courses covering programming in C++. Also appropriate as a supplement for upper-level courses where the instructor uses a book as a reference for the C++ language. This best-selling comprehensive text is aimed at readers with little or no programming experience. It teaches programming by presenting the concepts in the context of full working programs and takes and early objects approach. The text has an emphasis on achieving program clarity through structured and object-oriented programming, software reuse and component-oriented software construction. The Sixth Edition reflects the suggested improvements of a distinguished team of industry professionals and academics.
Bromelain (2006)

Bromelain may be of interest to plastic surgeons because of its apparent ability to reduce pain, edema, inflammation, and platelet aggregation, as well as its ability to potentiate antibiotics, which may be beneficial in postoperative healing. Bromelain's reported efficacy in burn débridement and ischemia/reperfusion may also have positive applications in plastic surgery. Although bromelain is widely used and generally considered to be a safe substance, more randomized, controlled clinical trials are necessary to further elucidate its clinical potential.
The C-chain code-a new method for coding 3D curves (2002)

The C-chain code, a new three-dimensional (3-D) chain code for encoding 3-D curves, is introduced. Its quantization points are placed at the centers of grids of the side surfaces of the cube, not at its corners, to achieve longer and more varieties of the link lengths. It is shown that through estimating the frequencies of individual quantization points by their spatial configurations, the efficiency of labeling quantization points of the C-chain code can be improved by applying Huffman coding. Examples are given to illustrate this new 3-D chain code to show its major advantages over Freeman's chain code. Applications of the C-chain code to the encoding of 3-D objects are also included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real‐time tumor tracking with preprogrammed dynamic multileaf‐collimator motion and adaptive dose‐rate regulation (2008)

The authors have developed a new method for real-time tumor tracking with dynamic multileaf-collimator (MLC) motion under condition of free breathing. Unlike other previously proposed tumor-tracking methods, their new method uses a preprogrammed dynamic MLC sequence in combination with real-time dose-rate control. This new scheme circumvents the technical challenge in MLC-based tumor tracking of having to control the MLC motion in real time, based on real-time detected tumor motion. With their new method, the movement of the tumor, as a function of breathing phase, amplitude, or tidal volume, is reflected in the preprogrammed MLC sequence. The irregularity of breathing during treatment is handled by real-time regulation of the machine dose rate, which effectively speeds up or slows down the delivery of radiation as needed. This method is based on the fact that all of the parameters in dynamic radiation delivery, including MLC motion, are enslaved to the cumulative dose, which, in turn, can be accelerated or decelerated by varying the dose rate. Because commercially available MLC systems do not allow the MLC delivery sequence to be modified in real time based on the patient's breathing signal, previously proposed tumor-tracking techniques using a MLC cannot be readily implemented in the clinic today. By using a preprogrammed MLC sequence to handle the required motion, the task for real-time control is greatly simplified. With their new scheme, which they call dose-rate-regulated tracking (DRRT), it is possible to use existing linear accelerators that have dynamic MLC capability to achieve real-time tumor tracking, provided that the beam dose rate can be controlled externally. Tracking-error evaluation for 13 patients out of 14 resulted in a tracking error of less than 1 mm (1 sigma), if the effect of the response time of the treatment machine on the dose-rate modulation can be neglected. Film measurements on a moving phantom with variable breathing patterns and DRRT delivery showed that 97% of the measurement points have gamma values less than 1 (for 3% and 2-mm criteria), while non-DRRT delivery showed only 87%. This study shows that real-time tracking is feasible with DRRT even when the patient breathing frequency is irregular. Effects of the variation of breathing amplitude and of base line drift on the tracking error with DRRT are discussed; pending further study, a criterion is suggested for patient selection in the application of this new technique in the clinic.
Review Epstein-Barr virus and rheumatoid arthritis: is there a link? (2006)

Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by chronic, destructive, debilitating arthritis. Its etiology is unknown; it is presumed that environmental factors trigger development in the genetically predisposed. Epstein–Barr virus, a nearly ubiquitous virus in the human population, has generated great interest as a potential trigger. This virus stimulates polyclonal lymphocyte expansion and persists within B lymphocytes for the host’s life, inhibited from reactivating by the immune response. In latent and replicating forms, it has immunomodulating actions that could play a role in the development of this autoimmune disease. The evidence linking Epstein–Barr virus and rheumatoid arthritis is reviewed.
SICE: design-dependent statistical interconnect corner extraction under inter/intra-die variations (2009)

While traditional worst-case corner analysis is often too pessimistic for nanometer designs, full-blown statistical circuit analysis requires significant modelling infrastructures. In this study, a design-dependent statistical interconnect corner extraction (SICE) methodology is proposed. SICE achieves a good trade-off between complexity and pessimism by extracting more than one process corners in a statistical sense, which are also design dependent. Our new approach removes the pessimism incurred in prior work while being computationally efficient. The efficiency of SICE comes from the use of parameter dimension reduction techniques. The statistical corners are further compacted by an iterative output clustering method. Numerical results show that SICE achieves up to 260X speedups over the Monte Carlo method.
Product identity strategy research on equipment manufacturing industry (2009)

Based on the method of kansei engineering and cognitive psychology, to analyze the applications and features of product identity system in the equipment manufacturing industry, focus on systematic method and process on product identity strategy. According to the user-centered design methods, establishment of six types of systems such as modeling feature recognition systems, color feature recognition systems and so on, establish the standard of product identity systems, and demonstrate the method through the design case of Wuzhong.
Hypoglycemic activity of two polysaccharides isolated from Opuntia ficus-indica and O. streptacantha. (2003)

spp as food, medicinal remedy, fodder, and living fence [2-3] for centuries. Francisco Hernandez (16th century) recommended nopal in the treatment of fever, kidney ailments, and as a thirst quencher [4]. Navarro [5] also mentioned these uses in the 19th century. In the De la Cruz-Badiano Codix it was recommended for burns. In the 18th century, it was mentioned for treatment of salad phlegm (flema salada), fisuras and rajaderas [6]. In 1933, in his classic book Las Plantas Medicinales de Mexico, Maximino Martinez recommended nopal against headache, ear ailments, eye inflammation and erysipelas [7]. The ethnobotanical record about
Molecular Mechanisms of pre-mRNA Splicing through Structural Biology of the Spliceosome (2019)

Precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) splicing is executed by the spliceosome. In the past 3 years, cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures have been elucidated for a majority of the yeast spliceosomal complexes and for a few human spliceosomes. During the splicing reaction, the dynamic spliceosome has an immobile core of about 20 protein and RNA components, which are organized around a conserved splicing active site. The divalent metal ions, coordinated by U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), catalyze the branching reaction and exon ligation. The spliceosome also contains a mobile but compositionally stable group of about 13 proteins and a portion of U2 snRNA, which facilitate substrate delivery into the splicing active site. The spliceosomal transitions are driven by the RNA-dependent ATPase/helicases, resulting in the recruitment and dissociation of specific splicing factors that enable the reaction. In summary, the spliceosome is a protein-directed metalloribozyme.
Inhibition of thrombocytopenic episodes caused by the Arthus reaction, the sub-lethal Forssman reaction and ADP. (1980)

Through the use of 51Cr-labelling about 50% of circulating platelets were shown to be permanently removed from the circulation subsequent to the Arthus reaction but not after the sub-lethal Forssman reaction or the repeated injection of ADP to guinea pigs. Oral administration of ticlopidine inhibited the transient thrombocytopenia caused by ADP. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors including sulphinpyrazone and its thioether metabolite inhibited the thrombocytopenia of the Arthus reaction but only sulphinpyrazone effectively inhibited the thrombocytopenia of the sub-lethal Forssman reaction.
Long Haul Fuel Conservation System (1991)

The current state of development of the Long Haul Fuel Conservation System is presented. The benefits of the system installed on a typical railway network are explained. A brief outline of the system's theory of operation is given.
Reevaluation of ethanol as organic modifier for use in HPLS-RP mobile phases (2004)

Ethanol:water mixtures have been reevaluated for use as reversed phase mobile phases. Optimization of the chromatographic conditions for both C8 and C18 columns was carried out through a factorial design which evaluates temperature, ethanol concentration and mobile phase flow rate. With the C8 stationary phase, peak asymmetries were not significantly altered at the different points in the factorial design while the retention factors and resolutions were somewhat lower at higher temperatures, where the viscosity of EtOH is lower. Similar observations were obtained with the C18 phase. The efficiency of the ethanol:water mobile phase for the separation of mixtures containing neutral and basic compounds was compared with those obtained using methanol:water and acetonitrile:water mobile phases. Ethanol was shown to be a good organic modifier for RP-HPLC, with good chromatographic properties. This, considering the much lower toxicity of ethanol, the facility of its disposal, and its favorable cost, should make ethanol:H2O the mobile phase of choice for many RP-HPLC applications.
Incorporating Uncertainty and Multiple Objectives in Real-Time Route Selection (2001)

There is a requirement in real-time, routing information systems to identify the "optimal" route based on the multiple objectives and the individual decision-making rules of the users. While a number of utility theory-based techniques have been developed to accomplish this goal, there are a number of shortcomings regarding implementation. These problems, in particular, are: (1) obtaining a mathematical representation of the driver's utility function for each trip type is difficult in practice; (2) the drivers' utility function is a function of the choice set and is difficult to calibrate prior to the identification of the choice set (i.e., it is context-dependent); and (3) identifying the optimal path using a realistic multiple attribute nonlinear utility function is a nondeterministic polynomial time hard problem. Consequently, a heuristic two-stage strategy that identifies multiple reasonable routes and then selects the "near-optimal" path may be an effective and practical alternative. The second step of this proposed strategy is the focus of this paper. A fuzzy logic-based multiple objective route choice model (or decision support system) is developed in order to evaluate the alternative routes identified in the first step. Fuzzy logic is used to take into account crisp values, fuzzy numbers, and linguistic variables that are common phenomena in a real-time vehicle routing environment. The routes and the route attributes are identified and a posterior utility function is developed by combining the prior utility function with a context-dependent utility function that is derived from an entropy model. The proposed strategy is illustrated using Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) data from Houston, Texas, and tested on a traffic network from Austin, Texas, under various traffic conditions. When multiple attributes were considered, an alternative path to the fastest path was found to be the "optimal" path for a significant number of O-D pairs, and this was likely to occur as the level of congestion and the O-D distance increased.
Autonomous navigation, landing and recharge of a quadrotor using artificial vision (2014)

In this paper a solution to UAV reduced endurance and autonomous flight is proposed. With a complete on-board solution, based on artificial vision, the developed system is able to autonomously take off, navigate and land, recharging its battery by using a dedicated landing platform, both in indoor and outdoor scenarios. The landing platform includes a passive centering system to correct the landing error of the UAV, with a novel design wich reduce cost and increase the safety (thanks to small and isolated electrical contacts) without invasive hardware changes on the drone. The developed vision algorithm provides a fast and accurate measurement of UAV position with respect to the landing platform using a visual target, but at the same time it is able to automatically switch to an estimation of position that is independent from the visual target. This aspect is used during navigation or when the tracking of the target fails, ensuring a continuous position measurement feed to the controllers. The developed control system manages all the different phases of a mission (motor turning on/off, take off, navigation, landing, ...) with low control error, ensuring a landing over the landing platform with an error that is lower than 5cm for both x and y axis. The developed software in ROS environment is modular and provides input/output interfaces to receive command, or send data.
Oxidation of Proteins by Tyrosinase and Peroxidase (1953)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Oxidation of Proteins Tyrosinase Peroxidase Summary
Oxygen Content of Silicon Single Crystals (1957)

The oxygen content of pulled silicon crystals, determined by vacuum fusion gas analysis, is correlated with the infrared absorption at 9 μ. In vacuum and in helium or hydrogen of 1 atmos, the oxygen concentration of a liquid zone of silicon (about 20 mm2 in cross section) can be rapidly decreased. In an oxygen atmosphere or in contact with quartz, liquid silicon picks up oxygen quite readily. A maximum oxygen content of 2×1018 oxygen atoms per cm3 was observed. Silicon single crystals pulled from a quartz crucible exhibit fluctuations in oxygen concentration both perpendicular and parallel to the pulling direction. Explanations of these effects are offered and the influence of various pulling parameters is discussed.
Reconfigurable ankle rehabilitation robot for various exercises (2006)

Abstract This paper presents a reconfigurable ankle rehabilitation robot to cover various rehabilitation exercise modes. The designed robot can allow desired ankle and foot motions, including toe and heel raising as well as traditional ankle rotations, since the mechanism can generate relative rotation between the fore and rear platforms as well as pitch and roll motions. In addition, the robotic device can be reconfigured from a range of motion (ROM)/strengthening exercise device to a balance/proprioception exercise device by simply incorporating an additional plate. Further, the action of the device is twofold in the sense that while a patient's foot is fastened firmly to the ROM/strengthening device for task specific training, that person can also stand on the balance/proproception device. To perform each mode of ROM, strengthening, and proproception exercises, a unified position‐based impedance control is systematically developed taking into account the desired position and velocity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pneumatic Conveyance and Continuous Fluidization of Solids (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPneumatic Conveyance and Continuous Fluidization of SolidsTripuraneni. Gopichand, K. J. R. Sarma, and M. N. RaoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 12, 1449–1452Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50600a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50600a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
(D, D) and (D, T) Neutron Depth Dose Measurements in a Tissue-Equivalent Phantom (1967)

The components of dose due to 1H(n, γ)2D, 14N(n, p)14C and proton recoils have been resolved experimentally for D, D and D, T neutron beams in tissue. Some modifications to the theory of Snyder and Neufeld are necessary to account for discrepancies in the proton recoil depth dose and the position of the peak thermal neutron dose. Isodose curves are presented for various beam sizes.
The effect of reduced air density on streamer-to-leader transition and on properties of long positive leader (2007)

New results of observations of the leader process in a pressure chamber are presented for reduced air pressures. The analysis of these data and observations of the leader discharge in peak regions shows that the length of the leader tip and some other characteristics vary by several times as pressure decreases from 1 to 0.3 atm, whereas, under the conditions considered, the leader velocity remains almost independent of air density, the leader current being the same. These data are used to extract relationships between discharge parameters. It is shown that, at reduced air densities, electric field in a 'young' section of the leader channel exceeds electric field in the streamer zone. Therefore, transition of the leader process to the final-jump phase is not inevitably followed by a breakdown of the gap for reduced pressures, as opposed to the discharge in atmospheric pressure air. The model suggested previously by the authors for the streamer-to- leader transition at atmospheric pressure is amended to take into account hydrodynamic expansion of the channel and used to simulate the process at a relative air density of 0.3. The calculated results are used to interpret the observations of the leader process at reduced air pressures.
Health-related Issues of Elderly Adults with Parkinsonism: A Case Study (2009)

This qualitative case study aims to explore health-related issues of elderly adults with Parkinsonism. Two subjects participated in this study; one 85-year-old female and one man aged 76. Both are residence home's inhabitants. The Parkinsonism Syndromes of the male participant were induced by stroke. Results show that gait disorder and impaired balance are main symptoms. Walking and balancing exercises are essential rehabilitation trainings which might be able to enhance or at least maintain the physical functions. Participants need to use the out-patient medical care services regularly. Side effects of medication and insufficient information are main reasons why they're not satisfied with the medical care services. The findings also show social support may be related to positive self-efficacy, subjective well-being, and control strategies. Clinical implication: multi-dimensional interventions for elderly adults with Parkinsonism are essential.
Epitope-vaccine induces high levels of ELDKWA-epitope-specific neutralizing antibody (2000)

Based on the fact that mAb 2F5 recognizing ELDKWA-epitope on the C-domain of HIV-1 gp41 has significant neutralization potency against 90% of the investigated viruses of African, Asian, American and European strains, we attempted to characterise immunogenicity of the ELDKWA-epitope on an epitope-vaccine, and to produce ELDKWA-epitope-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) induced by the epitope-vaccine. The C-domain peptide (P2) and the ELDKWA-tetramer peptide [C-(ELDKWAG)4] were conjugated with BSA or P24-EC (GPKEPFRDYVDRFYK, a peptide of HIV-1 gag-protein P24, proved to be a good carrier peptide to induce an immune response to the hapten on the conjugates[18])by different methods. After the vaccination course, two P2-BSA peptide-vaccines both induced a strong antibody response against the P2-peptide by about 1:12800–25600 dilution, and a weak antibody response against the ELDKWA-epitope (1:1600–3200). The P2-P24EC and P2 (conjugated with itself) peptide-vaccines could also induce a weak antibody response against the ELDKWA-epitope (1:1600–3200), while an rgpl60 subunit vaccine induced a very weak antibody response (1:400). Interestingly, the ELDKWA-tetramer epitope-vaccine [C-(ELDKWAGVBSA] could induce a strong antibody response against the ELDKWA-epitope (1:12800–25600), i.e. It increased the level of ELDKWA-antibody eight-fold, clearly better than the P2 peptide-vaccine, and much better than the rgp160 subunit vaccine, which indicates that the immunogenicities of the ELDKWA-epitope on the ELDKWA-tetramer peptide, the C-domain peptide and rgp160 are very different. These results suggest that the ELDKWA-epitope-vaccine may be a new strategy for inducing high levels of epitope-specific neutralizing antibodies against HIV- 1. Using hybridoma-technique, a mouse monoclonal antibody recognizing the ELDKWA-epitope on ELDKWA-peptide and C-domain peptide was produced by immunization with the C-(ELDKWAG)4-BSA epitope-vaccine, which indicates a new way to produce an epitope-specific mAb, namely immunization with epitope-vaccine instead of a natural or recombinant protein immunogen.
Freezing of a Liquid Marble (2012)

In this study, we present for the first time the observations of a freezing liquid marble. In the experiment, liquid marbles are gently placed on the cold side of a thermo-electric cooler (TEC), and the morphological changes are recorded and characterized thereafter. These liquid marbles are noticed to undergo a shape transition from a spherical to a flying-saucer-shaped morphology. The freezing dynamics of liquid marbles is observed to be very different from that of a freezing water droplet on a superhydrophobic surface. For example, the pointy tip appearing on a frozen water drop could not be observed for a frozen liquid marble. In the end, we highlight a possible explanation of the observed morphology.