gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Various Grinding Conditions Upon Residual Stresses in Titanium (1958)

Abstract Grinding conditions may be expected to affect residual surface stresses from any particular grinding operation. Stresses were measured in titanium test bars, surface-ground with various wheels, speeds, grinding fluids, down-feeds, and crossfeeds. Results suggest that, with suitable precautions, titanium alloys may be ground under either “near-normal” or “low-speed” conditions with acceptable grinding ratios and with low residual stresses.
Modeling the switched-induced error voltage on a switched-capacitor (1983)

An analytical model for switch-induced error voltage on a switched capacitor is derived. A compact expression contains the effects of gate voltage falling rate, threshold voltage, and storage capacitance. It can be used to quickly predict the error voltage. The model is in good agreement with computer simulations using SPICE program and experiment.
The metabolism of C2 compounds in micro-organisms. 7. Preparation and properties of crystalline tartronic semialdehyde reductase (1961)

The biosynthesis of cell materials by Pseudo- monas spp. growing on glycollate (Kornberg & Gotto, 1959, 1961), on glycine (Callely & Dagley, 1959), on oxalate (Quayle & Keech, 1959) or on other substrates catabolized to glyoxylate (Gray, Gerhart & Brooke, 1959) has been shown to be effected by a sequence of reactions in which, initially, glyoxylate is converted into glycerate. This transformation is achieved by the successive action of two adaptively formed enzymes: gly- oxylate carboligase (Krakow & Barkulis, 1956; Krakow, Hayashi & Barkulis, 1959; Krakow, Barkulis & Hayashi, 1961), which catalyses the condensative decarboxylation of glyoxylate to tartronic semialdehyde:
Synthesis and characterization of some new 2-amino-4-(4 `-substituted)-6-(4 `'-substituted)diphenyl pyrimidines (2010)

Synthesis and characterization of some novel 2-amino-4-(4'-substituted)-6-(4 `'-substituted)diphenyl pyrimidines has been carried out by the conversion of variably substituted acetophenones and benzaldehydes into corresponding chalcones followed by cyclization with guanidine hydrochloride in the presence of an oxidizing agent.
Polymorphism of the WAF1 gene is related to susceptibility to cervical cancer in Japanese women (2001)

The WAF1 gene, located on chromosome 6p21.2, has been cloned and identified as a p53 mediator and an inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). The present study was performed to investigate the possible role of the WAF1 gene in the pathogenesis of human cervical carcinoma. Matched venous blood and cancer tissues from 66 patients with cervical cancer were screened for WAF1 mutation by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing. A polymorphism in the WAF1 gene involving a cytosine (C) to an adenine (A) transversion at the third base of codon 31 was observed in 52 of 66 (78.8%) patients with cervical carcinoma and 68 of 108 (63%) normal individuals (P=0.02). A total of 7 patients (10.6%) were found to have a change of the WAF1 gene at codon 31 on comparison of blood and tumor specimens. An A-->C transversion in 5 tumors and a C-->A transversion in 2 tumors, that were not found in matching normal specimens, were observed. In addition, the presence of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 6p21.2 in tumor and normal tissue DNA were analyzed by PCR at three polymorphic microsatellite loci (D6S276, D6S1624, D6S1583). In two cases, there was a change of Arg/Ser in blood to Ser/Ser in the tumor, which did not involve LOH on 6p21.2. Therefore, somatic mutation of the WAF1 gene was detected in 3% (2 of 66) of patients with cervical cancer in this series. In conclusion, the increased frequency of WAF1 polymorphism in the patients studied implied that codon 31 Arg allele of the WAF1 gene may be associated with a tendency to develop cervical carcinoma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of WAF1 somatic mutations in primary human cervical cancer.
Specific Value of Computed Tomographic Breast Scanner (CT/M) in Diagnosis of Breast Diseases (1979)

CT/M study of the breast yields specific information about lesions and may provide the diagnosis when mammography fails to demonstrate the lesion or is unable to display the information necessary to make a definitive diagnosis. By using contrast medium to increase attenuation, very small carcinomas may be identified, even in dysplastic breasts.
Formic Ethylcarbonic Anhydride<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormic Ethylcarbonic Anhydride1T. Parasaran and D. S. TarbellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 11, 3422–3423Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01034a516https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01034a516research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Monitor Techniques for Digital Receivers Based on Extrapolation of Error Rate (1968)

There is a need in many digital communication systems to estimate the current digital error rate of the receiver without the use of special transmissions and without interrupting traffic flow. Devices for performing this function have been termed performance monitor units (PMU). As an element of an adaptive communication system, the PMU could be used to determine when adaptive change is needed and, by comparing the error rates which would result from the various available choices of adaptation, to select the best change to be made at any time. This paper describes a PMU technique which is applicable to a wide class of digital modulation methods. Details are given for the cases of noncoherent frequency shift keying (FSK), differentially coherent phase shift keying (PSK), and coherent PSK receivers operating over a fading channel.
Reaction of 2-Hetaryl-2-(tetrahydro-2-furanyliden)acetonitriles with 1,3-N,N-Binucleophiles (2012)

The reactions of 2-hetaryl-2-(tetrahydro-2-furanyliden)acetonitriles with 1,3-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-binucleophiles have been investigated. The mechanisms of the reactions have been discussed. Domino reactions of 2-hetaryl-2-(tetrahydro-2-furanyliden)acetonitriles with amidines can provide an efficient access to 3-[2-substituted 6-amino-5-hetaryl-4-pyrimidinyl]-1-propanols.
Extraction Methodologies in Plants: General Introduction (2014)

Abstract The extraction stage is considered to be a key step of most analytical strategies, as it greatly influences the type and quality of analytical data. In case of plants, which are interesting materials for a broad range of domestic or industrial‐scale applications, extraction is a particularly crucial step as solid samples are considered most of the time. Indeed, extractions from solids are well known to be more critical than from liquids, owing to limitations by diffusion and/or strong solute–solid interactions; solutes may also be trapped into cells within the plant materials. Consequently, careful knowledge about the plant material itself (its structure and composition) and whenever possible about the compounds to be extracted (their expected levels, polarity, and stability) is of great help for conceiving and optimizing an extraction process; the fate of the extract is also important to consider, as the selectivity expected for the extraction differs between target and fingerprint approaches. Practically, even though several extraction techniques are available, none is the best and should be recommended for any application. However, the use of recent techniques should be favored, as they reduce both the solvent volume and the time required for the extraction; the hyphenation or combination of techniques should be investigated to take benefit from the advantages of several techniques.
Min-Hash Fingerprints for Graph Kernels: A Trade-off among Accuracy, Efficiency, and Compression (2012)

Abstract. Graph databases that emerge from several relevant scenarios (e.g., social networks, the Web) require pow-erful data management algorithms and techniques. A fundamental operation in graph data management is computing the similarity between two graphs. However, due to the large scale and high dimensionality of real graph databases, computing graph similarity becomes a challenging problem in real settings. Many graph data management tasks, such as graph mining, classification, and retrieval, can be contextualized in the framework of graph kernels. A graph kernel is, roughly speaking, a function that computes the similarity between graph structures as means to enable the application of linear methods to graph data. Nevertheless, large databases usually require the use of compact representations of graphs known as graph fingerprints (or signatures). Graph fingerprinting techniques provide a solution that is a trade-off among accuracy, efficiency, and compression in graph kernels. In this article, we study the problem of generating fingerprints for graph kernels. We introduce a graph fingerprinting technique based on the min-hashing scheme, which is a powerful strategy for computing the similarity between large sets of items using a small amount of data. An algorithm for the generation of graph fingerprints as vectors of min-hash values is presented and integrated into the framework of graph kernels. Results show that graph fingerprinting achieves efficiency gains of up to one order of magnitude with up to 97 % space savings when compared against the complete set of graph substructures. Moreover, the proposed technique is up to 9 times more accurate than a baseline method.
Virus and Bacteria Removal from Wastewater by Rapid Infiltration Through Soil (1977)

A rapid infiltration land wastewater application site, composed of unconsolidated silty sand and gravel, which has been in continuous operation for over 30 years was examined for the accumulation and/or migration of a tracer virus (coliphage f2), indigenous enteroviruses, and enteric indicator bacteria in the soils and underlying groundwater. Tracer f2 penetrated into groundwater together with the front of percolating primary effluent and was not observed to concentrate on the upper soil layers. The tracer virus concentration in a 60-foot (about 18.3-m)-deep observation well directly beneath the wastewater application area began to increase within 48 h after application to the soil. The tracer level in this well stabilized after 72 h at a level of approximately 47% of the average applied concentration. Indigenous enteroviruses and tracer f2 were sporadically detected in the groundwater at horizontal distances of 600 feet (about 183 m) from the application zone. Laboratory soil adsorption studies confirmed the poor virus adsorption observed at the site. This was especially true on surface soils when contained in wastewater. Enteric indicator bacteria were readily concentrated on the soil surface by filtration on the soil surface mat. However, during tracer f2 virus tests, comparison studies with fecal Streptococcus revealed that bacteria capable of penetrating the surface were able to migrate into the groundwater. They were detected at the same locations as tracer and enteric viruses.
Myxococcus xanthus - a myxobacterial model strain as multiproducer of secondary metabolites (2008)

Within the last three decades, myxobacteria have been established as proficient producers of secondary metabolites that exhibit various biological activities. The recently finished genome sequencing project of Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 unveilled the — at least hypothetical — potential of this myxobacterial model strain to be a multiproducer of secondary metabolites as well. Applying a combined genetic and analytical approach, indeed several natural products and the corresponding biosynthetic gene clusters were identified and analyzed in our institute. Among them, four families of metabolites — myxochelins, myxochromids, myxalamids and myxovirescins — were already known from other myxobacterial species. The DKxanthene secondary metabolite family, however, resembles a novel class of compounds that appears to be unique to myxobacteria, and they were shown to be present in all Myxococcus xanthus strains investigated to date as well as in the closely related species Stigmatella aurantiaca. Studies aiming at the investigation of the biological function of these compounds strongly suggest that they are required for a proper progress of the developmental program that culminates in the formation of fruiting bodies and mature myxospores. DKxanthenes are synthesized by a hybrid polyketide synthase - nonribosomal peptide synthetase machinery, and the detailed analysis of the biosynthetic gene cluster proposes the presence of at least one iteratively acting polyketide synthase module that is in large part responsible for the diversity of metabolites from this family.
Effect of dust on glass fiber strength (1977)

A model is developed for the effect of atmospheric dust on fiber strength. It is assumed that dust striking the fiber as it is formed sticks to form flaws. Comparison of the model with experimental data shows that it provides a reasonable description and can be useful in interpreting fiber strength.
Low-overhead symbol timing and carrier recovery for TDMA portable radio systems (1990)

Simulation and experimental results for a hardware implementation of a low-overhead digital coherent burst demodulator for time-division multiple-access (TDMA) radio systems using short bursts are analyzed. This implementation is based on digitizing a receiving signal after a low-frequency IF amplifier and performing all demodulation functions using digital signal processing techniques. Demodulation with very low overhead for TDMA is made possible by storing a burst in memory. A novel forward loop plus backward loop structure performs carrier recovery. Symbol-timing and carrier-frequency-offset estimations are performed by block processes, using the error signal resulting from differential demodulation. Bursts as short as 32 symbols can be demodulated without overhead. Since the demodulator is entirely digital and has the potential for low-power VLSI implementation, it is suitable for a portable radio system. Other advantages of this implementation include the availability of a channel quality measure derived from symbol timing estimation and the possibility of providing differential detection when it is desirable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Work conditions of workers engaged into fish-processing enterprises of Far East Federal District (review of literature)]. (2018)

Hygienic work conditions on fish-processing complexes mostly remain hard and hazardous, sometimes even dangerous. Presented literature data and some personal studies characterize current state of industrial medicine topics on fish- processing enterpirses. Absence of systemic studies in these sphere rises many questions on work conditions assessment in connection with contemporary knowledge, evaluation of occupational risk and risk of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases in major occupational groups.
The Appearance of Polarization Due to Attitude Formation in the 2004 Presidential Election (2008)

Citizens were more engaged in the 2004 election than they were in 2000. This increased engagement was accompanied by attitude formation. Specifically, fewer citizens gave don’t know responses. In addition, fewer citizens gave midpoint responses on attitudinal scales; such responses are often a refuge for those lacking meaningful attitudes. Furthermore, attitude formation was accompanied by increased attitude extremitization. We find that this extremitization occurred for both partisans and for independents. More noticeable differences in extremitization occurred as a function of political engagement, with more engaged citizens exhibiting greater extremitization than their lesser-involved counterparts.
Chemtrek: Small Scale Experiments for General Chemistry (1989)

1. System. 2. Spectroscopy: The Interaction of Light and Matter. 3. Small-Scale Techniques and the Absorption of Light. 4. The Use and Abuse of Aluminum and Its Compounds. 5. Instruments: What They Do and What They Don't. 6. Thermochemistry and Solar Energy Storage. 7. Solutions and Reactions. 8. An Introduction to Acids and Bases. 9. Halogens and Their Compounds. 10. The Chemistry of Natural Waters. 11. Vitamin C Analysis. 12. Alcohol Abuse. 13. Kinetic Blues. 14. Acid-Base Equilibria. 15. Redox Equilibria and Electrochemistry. 16. Acid Deposition. 17. Semi-Micro Qualitative Analysis and Metal Ions. 18. Paper Chromatography and Liquid Chromatography. 19. Gas Chromatography. 20. Surface Chemistry: Bubbles and Films. 21. Natural Products Chemistry: Anthocyanine from Plants. 22. Zinc Links: Coordination Chemistry and Nutritional Deficiency.
Five-Primary-Color LCDs (2009)

We demonstrate a wide color gamut and high brightness LCD TV using a conventional cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) backlight with five-primary (red, green, blue, yellow, and cyan) colors. Without changing the CCFL backlight and pixel size, the color gamut is widened from ~72% to ~90% and meanwhile the white brightness is increased by more than 20%, as compared to the three-primary. We also validate our simulation results using a 32" five-primary multi-domain vertical alignment LCD TV prototype. The agreement is reasonably good.
High neutrophil count in girls and women with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism: normalization with metformin and flutamide overcomes the aggravation by oral contraception (2005)

(i) A high leukocyte count is already present in girls with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism, and this is due to a raised neutrophil count; (ii) this hyperneutrophilia is attenuated by metformin or flutamide-metformin, and is amplified by OC monotherapy; (iii) if these treatments are combined, the normalizing effect of flutamide-metformin overcomes the OC effect on neutrophil count.
Links between respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis and childhood asthma: clinical and research approaches (2003)

This review examines the relationship between severe pulmonary disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infancy and later development of asthma or reactive airway disease (RAD). RSV infection accounts for 70% or greater of all cases of infantile bronchiolitis and has been linked to subsequent asthma or RAD, either directly or through a shared common predisposition. Several studies suggest that RSV bronchiolitis is an important factor in the development of asthma and possibly atopy, although the association is lost by the age of 13 years. The mechanism is as yet unclear, but murine models of RSV disease have identified many plausible causal explanations. Further study is necessary to determine the relative roles of RSV infection and genetic predisposition in explaining the association between RSV infection and asthma/RAD.
PC-aided statistical data analysis (1992)

Errors in instrumental measurements exploratory and confirmatory analysis of univariate data statistical analysis of univariate data analysis of variance (ANOVA) exploratory and factor analysis in multivariate data introduction to matrix algebra.
Recent developments in hydrologic data assimilation (1995)

Data assimilation is a term that is most closely associated with the atmospheric sciences. It arises from the meteorological custom of constructing daily weather maps which show how environmental variables such as pressure and wind velocity vary over space (see Daley [1991] for a good historical review). Such maps are useful both for short‐term forecasting, where they provide initial conditions for numerical weather prediction models, and for more long‐term climatic analysis, where they can be used to reveal regional trends [ Bengtson and Shukla , 1988; National Research Council, 1991; Shubert et al, 1993]. For many years weather maps were derived from a limited number of measurements collected from surface stations and radiosondes. The mapping process required a good understanding of atmospheric physics and was typically carried out by hand, using the methods of ‘subjective analysis’. In the first half of the twentieth century efforts were made to standardize and automate meteorological mapping. The quantitative procedures which grew out of these efforts were commonly called ‘objective analysis’ methods [ Gandin , 1963]. Objective analysis algorithms provide spatially distributed descriptions of atmospheric conditions which are consistent both with observed data and with kinematic (‘diagnostic’) principles (such as the geostrophic requirement that the pressure gradient and Coriolis force must balance). These algorithms produce ‘snapshots’ portraying conditions everywhere in a given region at a particular time.
Scalable production of adeno‐associated virus type 2 vectors via suspension transfection (2006)

Vectors derived from adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) are promising gene delivery vehicles, but it is still challenging to get the large number of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) particles required for large animal and clinical studies. Current transfection technology requires adherent cultures of HEK 293 cells that can only be expanded by preparing multiple culture plates. A single large-scale suspension culture could replace these multiple culture preparations, but there is currently no effective co-transfection scheme for generating rAAV from cells in suspension culture. Here, we weaned HEK 293 cells to suspension culture using hydrogel-coated six-well culture plates and established an efficient transfection strategy suitable for these cells. Then the cultures were gradually scaled up. We used linear polyethylenimine (PEI) to mediate transfection and obtained high transfection efficiencies ranging from 54% to 99%, thereby allowing efficient generation of rAAV vectors. Up to 10(13) rAAV particles and, more importantly, up to 10(11) infectious particles were generated from a 2-L bioreactor culture. The suspension-transfection strategy of this study facilitates the homogeneous preparation of rAAV at a large scale, and holds further potential as the basis for establishing a manufacturing process in a larger bioreactor.
High-performance differential quartets (1977)

A new type of differential amplifier is analyzed and experimentally demonstrated. The transconductance is accurately determined by an external resistor and is constant up to 99 percent of the load current swing. In the absence of the external resistor, very high transconductance is also obtainable.