gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Determining Xerographic Photoreceptor Performance (1969)

The physical phenomena controlling the operation of xerographic photoreceptors are reviewed with special emphasis on the changes required by the realization of the importance of field controlled photo-generation. Several transport-limited models for photoreceptor sensitivity are analyzed. A comparison is made of photoreceptors in which only one carrier moves with photoreceptors in which both carriers move easily. The factors affecting residual potential buildup, dark decay, and charging are also considered. The effects of traps are included in each of the sections.
Inhibition of 5α-reductase activity in human skin by zinc and azelaic acid (1988)

The effects of zinc sulphate and azelaic acid on 5 alpha-reductase activity in human skin were studied using an in vitro assay with 1,2[3H]-testosterone as substrate. When added at concentrations of 3 or 9 mmol/l, zinc was a potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase activity. At high concentrations, zinc could completely inhibit the enzyme activity. Azelaic acid was also a potent inhibitor of 5 alpha-reductase; inhibition was detectable at concentrations as low as 0.2 mmol/l and was complete at 3 mmol/l. An additive effect of the two inhibitors was observed. Vitamin B6 potentiated the inhibitory effect of zinc, but not of azelaic acid, suggesting that two different mechanisms are involved. When the three substances were added together at very low concentrations which had been shown to be ineffective alone, 90% inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase activity was obtained. If this inhibition is confirmed in vivo, zinc sulphate combined with azelaic acid could be an effective agent in the treatment of androgen related pathology of human skin.
Municipal Derivative Securities: Uses and Valuation (1994)

Municipal Derivative Securities makes the "complex" simple, clearly explaining the new securities, their payment characteristics, and price volatility. The book takes a three-step fool-proof approach to understanding and valuing derivative securities that involves: 1. Using expectational analysis to quantify future interest rates and determine risk/return scenarios; 2. Recognizing the structure of municipal derivatives, including the characteristics of forwards/futures, swaps, options, and other derivative components; and 3. Following the authors' Derivative Asset Pricing Model - a framework for properly valuing even the most complex securities now and in the future. Municipal Derivative Securities also explains the mathematics of municipal bond valuation, including bond pricing and computation of yield, duration, convexity, and price volatility. Most important, you'll find examples of five different derivative securities that include step-by-step guidelines of proper valuation.
Susceptibility to Spear-Phishing Emails (2019)

Phishing is fundamental to cyber attacks. This research determined the effect of Internet user age and email content such as weapons of influence (persuasive techniques that attackers can use to lure individuals to fall for an attack) and life domains (a specific topic or aspect of an individual's life that attackers can focus an emails on) on spear-phishing (targeted phishing) susceptibility. One-hundred young and 58 older users received, without their knowledge, daily simulated phishing emails over 21 days. A browser plugin recorded their clicking on links in the emails as an indicator of their susceptibility. Forty-three percent of users fell for the simulated phishing emails, with older women showing the highest susceptibility. While susceptibility in young users declined across the study, susceptibility in older users remained stable. The relative effectiveness of the attacks differed by weapons of influence and life domains with age-group variability. In addition, older compared to young users reported lower susceptibility awareness. These findings support effects of Internet user demographics and email content on susceptibility to phishing and emphasize the need for personalization of the next generation of security solutions.
Machine-learning models for analyzing TSOM images of nanostructures (2019)

Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) is an economical and nondestructive method for measuring three-dimensional nanostructures. After obtaining a TSOM image, a library-matching method is typically used to interpret optical intensity information and determine the dimensions of a measurement target. To further improve dimensional measurement accuracy, this paper proposes a machine learning method that extracts texture information from TSOM images. The method extracts feature vectors of TSOM images in terms of the Gray-level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG). We tested models trained with these vectors in isolation, in pairs, and a combination of all three to test seven possible feature vectors. Once normalized, these feature vectors were then used to train and test three machine-learning regression models: random forest, GBDT, and AdaBoost. Compared with the results of the library-matching method, the measurement accuracy of the machine learning method is considerably higher. When detecting dimensional features that fall into a wide range of sizes, the AdaBoost model used with the combined LBP and HOG feature vectors performs better than the others. For detecting dimensional features within a narrower range of sizes, the AdaBoost model combined with HOG feature extraction algorithm performs better.
Energy Economizer for Low Temperature Stack Gas: A Case Study (1979)

Bartlesville (Oklahoma) Energy Technology Center (BETC) engineers made a study of recycling waste heat from one of the Power Plant boilers. The study showed that a system could be designed that would reclaim this waste heat and then utilize it to preheat air for boiler operation. The system incorporated a heat pipe heat exchanger flanged in a stack by-pass loop that would efficiently capture and transfer heat at low temperature differences (?T 350-5000 F). After reclaiming heat from this source, the burner air supply is preheated by passing through the heat exchanger.\n\nSensitive design problems that had to be resolved were: Overall cost-effectiveness; below dew point cooling of stack gas causing acid corrosion; and selection of an effective heat exchanger for this application The candidate boiler is one of two that generate high temperature hot water (HTHW) for BETC facility heating and cooling. One unit normally handles the heating and cooling load while the other is in standby status.\n\nThe preheat system was designed by BETC engineers. The new stack assembly was fabricated by a local metal shop, and was installed by BETC maintenance personnel. The cost of the heat exchanger and other hard-ware was $7,562. Operational results show that boiler efficiency has increased between 6 and 7 percent, which reflects the percent of reduction in fuel consumption. At full-load conditions, the burner supply air is preheated to 350oF and stack gas is cooled to 310oF. Corrosion damage to the heat exchanger and other internal parts are non-existent. Natural gas is the boiler fuel, and as expected, no residue coating of the heat exchanger has developed.\n\nTo date, we are well pleased with the performance of the system. The savings in fuel and dollars speaks for itself. We are optimistic that this approach of reclaiming heat is not only technically feasible, but also cost-effective for many industry boilers that emit low temperature stack gas.
Data visualization techiques (1999)

Visualization Paradigms (C. Bajaj) Efficient Techniques for Volume Rendering of Scalar Fields (R. Yagel) Accelerated Isocontouring of Scalar Fields (C. Bajaj, et al.) Surface Interrogation: Visualization Techniques for Surface Analysis (S. Hahmann) Vector Field Visualization Techniques (R. Crawfis & N. Max) Applications of Texture Mapping to Volume and Flow Visualization (N. Max, et al.) Continuous Bayesian Tissue Classification of Visualization (D. Laidlaw) References.
Appropriate laboratory testing in rheumatic diseases. (1998)

The diagnosis and management of systemic rheumatic disease is predominantly based on clinical parameters. Nevertheless, specific laboratory diagnostic tests may often be critically helpful, for example, in ruling out septic and crystal-induced arthritis in the differential diagnosis of acute monoarthritis. In the evaluation of patients with polyarticular rheumatic disease syndromes, autoimmune testing may be helpful to corroborate the clinical diagnosis of such diverse illnesses as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Lyme disease, and anticardiolipin syndrome.
DEVELOPMENT OF A Ti-Al-Cb ALLOY FOR USE AT 1200-1800 F (1961)

>Titanium-base alloys containing major amounts of Nb and Al are being studied to develop new high-temperature alloys of low density. Findings derived from the preparation and examination of quaternary alloys containing small additions of Sn, Hf, or Zr; high-purity ternary alloys, and ten-pound melts of Ti-l5Nb-10A1 and Ti-l7.SNb-l5Al are presented. In a number of alloys, improved tensile properties and oxidation resistance resulted from the addition of Sn, Hf, or Zr, and in some instances very high strength-density ratios were maintained up to 1800 deg F. The properties of highpurity alloys were similar to those of alloys prepared with sponge Ti. It is recommended that further effort should be directed toward the more highly alloyed compositions, including those containing Hf and Zr. (auth)
Methods for Evaluating Requirements and Errors in Cylinder Pressure Measurement (1967)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The requirements for cylinder pressure measurement for mechanical load, imep, and cycle analysis are developed. Methods for determining errors in transducers are presented, and the results are shown. The tests include passage error, hysteresis, nonlinearity, mounting strains, thermal strain, and twist in the crankshaft. Theories are developed to predict errors due to time or phase delay, passage, and thermal strain. The theory of the balanced pressure indicator is developed and the minimum delay and pressure error are calculated. Read-out systems are evaluated. Areas needing improvement are pointed out and specifications for the ideal pressure transducer are presented.</div>
Dietary fats and pharmaceutical lipid excipients increase systemic exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. (2016)

There has been an escalating interest in the medicinal use of Cannabis sativa in recent years. Cannabis is often administered orally with fat-containing foods, or in lipid-based pharmaceutical preparations. However, the impact of lipids on the exposure of patients to cannabis components has not been explored. Therefore, the aim of this study is to elucidate the effect of oral co-administration of lipids on the exposure to two main active cannabinoids, Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). In this study, oral co-administration of lipids enhanced the systemic exposure of rats to THC and CBD by 2.5-fold and 3-fold, respectively, compared to lipid-free formulations. In vitro lipolysis was conducted to explore the effect of lipids on the intestinal solubilisation of cannabinoids. More than 30% of THC and CBD were distributed into micellar fraction following lipolysis, suggesting that at least one-third of the administered dose will be available for absorption following co-administration with lipids. Both cannabinoids showed very high affinity for artificial CM-like particles, as well as for rat and human CM, suggesting high potential for intestinal lymphatic transport. Moreover, comparable affinity of cannabinoids for rat and human CM suggests that similar increased exposure effects may be expected in humans. In conclusion, co-administration of dietary lipids or pharmaceutical lipid excipients has the potential to substantially increase the exposure to orally administered cannabis and cannabis-based medicines. The increase in patient exposure to cannabinoids is of high clinical importance as it could affect the therapeutic effect, but also toxicity, of orally administered cannabis or cannabis-based medicines.
Monodisperse Protein Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles via a Simple Photochemical Process (2008)

Protein stabilized, water soluble gold nanoparticles are essential for biomedicines and biotechnology. Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) is one of the most abundant proteins. It has a remarkable ability of binding and transporting materials across cell membrane that makes it ideal for drug delivery and very useful for pharmaceutical industry. Herein, we explored the direct synthesis of BSA stabilized gold nanoparticles via a simple photochemical process. BSA stabilized gold nanoparticles are synthesized in one step, using Irgacure (I-2959) as photoinitiator. UV radiation facilitates the easy one step synthesis of protein stabilized gold nanoparticles without any denaturation of the protein, during the process. Polyacrylamide Gel (PAGE) shows that there is no difference in the bands height and mobility of native BSA and UV irradiated BSA. PAGE results are further confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy of native and UV irradiated BSA. BSA/PEG (polyethylene glycol) mixed monolayer stabilized gold nanoparticles have also been prepared in one step using the photochemical process. Different ratios of PEG to BSA are used to evaluate the particle size and the size distribution of gold nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirm the presence of nearly monodisperse mixed layer stabilized gold nanoparticles.
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTSupercritical Fluid Chromatography and ExtractionT. L. Chester, J. D. Pinkston, and D. E. RaynieView Author Information Miami Valley Laboratories, The Procter & Gamble Company, P.O. Box 538707, Cincinnati, Ohio 45253-8707 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 12, 301–320Publication Date (Web):May 15, 1998Publication History Published online15 May 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a1980017dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/a1980017dreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1286Altmetric-Citations99LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromatography,Extraction,Lipids,Pest control,Soils Get e-Alerts
Potassium Salts of Acylated Amino Acids as Chiral Dopants and Hosts in the Formation of Amphiphilic Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (1993)

Abstract Several potassium salts of acylated amino acids have been synthesized. These chiral detergents have been used in the preparation of Amphiphilic Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (ACLC), both as chiral dopants and as chiral hosts. These ACLC samples have been characterised by laser diffraction twist measurements as well as by polar microscopy. L-KDDA (C12 alaninate) was found to be the optimum chiral dopant. L-KDDA and L-KTDA (C14 alaninate) were found to be the most efficient chiral hosts. Where L-KTDA was much more effective at low decanol concentrations. Using polar microscopy, the optical rotation along the helix axis was found to be positive in all cases.
Many-membered Carbon Rings. XI.<sup>1</sup> Civetone Homologs (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMany-membered Carbon Rings. XI.1 Civetone HomologsA. T. Blomquist and Joseph WolinskyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 20, 5423–5424Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01625a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01625a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative multivariate visualization across conceptually different graphic displays (2002)

To extend the scope of multivariate data visualization, the notion of comparative visualization is introduced: it allows the comparison of visualization methods by interconnecting several different graphic displays. This linking of visualizations, together with the possibility to interactively manipulate data, enable an analyst to display the same data set with a number of conceptually different visualization methods simultaneously and to carry out graphical operations across them. Graphical effects in different displays not only reveal information about the data themselves, they also provide the basis to investigate how the different visualization methods relate to each other. With the "VisuLab", we developed a software tool for personal computers to investigate comparative multivariate data visualization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spare Line Borrowing Technique for Distributed Memory Cores in SoC (2006)

In this paper, a new architecture of distributed embedded memory cores for SoC is proposed and an effective memory repair method by using the proposed spare line borrowing (software-driven reconfiguration) technique is investigated. It is known that faulty cells in memory core show spatial locality, also known as fault clustering. This physical phenomenon tends to occur more often as deep submicron technology advances due to defects that span multiple circuit elements and sophisticated circuit design. The combination of new architecture & repair method proposed in this paper ensures fault tolerance enhancement in SoC, especially in case of fault clustering. This fault tolerance enhancement is obtained through optimal redundancy utilization: spare redundancy in a fault-resistant memory core is used to fix the fault in a fault-prone memory core. The effect of spare line borrowing technique on the reliability of distributed memory cores is analyzed through modeling and extensive parametric simulation
MiR-142-3p Attenuates the Migration of CD4+ T Cells through Regulating Actin Cytoskeleton via RAC1 and ROCK2 in Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (2014)

The migration of CD4+ T cells plays an important role in arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in CD4+ T cell migration are still unclear. The current study is aimed to determine the expression change of miR-142-3p in CD4+ T cells from patients with ASO and investigate its role in CD4+ T cell migration as well the potential mechanisms involved. We identified by qRT-PCR and in situ hybridization that the expression of miR-142-3p in CD4+ T cells was significantly down-regulated in patients with ASO. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12), a common inflammatory chemokine under the ASO condition, was able to down-regulate the expression of miR-142-3p in cultured CD4+ T cells. Up-regulation of miR-142-3p by lentivirus-mediated gene transfer had a strong inhibitory effect on CD4+ T cell migration both in cultured human cells in vitro and in mouse aortas and spleens in vivo. RAC1 and ROCK2 were identified to be the direct target genes in human CD4+ T cells, which are further confirmed by dual luciferase assay. MiR-142-3p had strong regulatory effects on actin cytoskeleton as shown by the actin staining in CD4+ T cells. The results suggest that the expression of miR-142-3p is down-regulated in CD4+ T cells from patients with ASO. The down-regulation of miR-142-3p could increase the migration of CD4+ T cells to the vascular walls by regulation of actin cytoskeleton via its target genes, RAC1 and ROCK2.
<title>Applications of time-frequency and time-scale transforms to ultra-wideband radar transient signal detection</title> (1993)

In this paper we use a non-stationary approach and analyze ultra-wideband (UWB) radar data using time-frequency and time-scale transformations. The time-frequency transformations considered are the Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT), the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WD), the Instantaneous Power Spectrum (IPS), and the ZAM transform. Two discrete implementations of the Wavelet Transform (DWT) are also investigated: the decimated A- trous algorithm proposed by Holschneider et al, which uses non-orthogonal wavelets; and the Mallat algorithm, which employs orthogonal wavelets. The transients under study are UWB radar returns from a boat (with and without corner reflector) in the presence of sea clutter, multipath, and radio frequency interferences (RFI). Results show that all time-frequency and time-scale transforms clearly detect the transient radar returns corresponding to the boat with a corner reflector. However, as the radar cross section of the target decreases (boat without a corner reflector), results change drastically as the RFI component dominates the signal. Simulations show that the Instantaneous Power Spectrum may be better adapted for localizing the transient among the time-frequency techniques studied. The decimated A-trous algorithm has the best time resolution of the techniques studied as the return appears better localized in the scalogram.
Software tools [technology analysis and forecast] (1997)

Many engineering software applications migrated last year from Unix to the Windows NT operating system. An unaccustomed camaraderie-interoperability-spread among applications from different vendors and between different stages of the design process. Meanwhile, the mainstream of electronic design got a new supreme court: formal verification. In the course of 1997, the migration from Unix to Windows NT, the growing need for interoperability and powerful verification tools, and the great HDL debate will continue. Added to these issues will be the evolution of the desktop computer into the platform for both engineering and administrative applications, new approaches to embedded and digital signal processing (DSP) design, and the impact of the World Wide Web.