gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Massive droplet generation for digital PCR <i>via</i> a smart step emulsification chip integrated in a reaction tube (2020)

Step emulsification (SE) devices coupled with parallel generation nozzles are widely used in the production of large-scale monodisperse droplets, especially for droplet-based digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) analysis. Although current ddPCR systems based on the SE method can provide a fully enclosed ddPCR scheme, high demands on chip fabrication and system control will increase testing costs and reduce its flexibility in ddPCR analysis. In this study, a compact SE device, integrating a smart SE chip into a reaction tube, was developed to prepare large-scale water-in-fluorinated-oil droplets for ddPCR analysis. The SE chip contained dozens of droplet-generation nozzles. By adjusting the nozzle height of the SE chip, monodisperse droplets in a picolitre to nanolitre vloume could be prepared at a production rate of tens to hundreds of microlitres per minute. Subsequently, we utilized such an integrated SE device to prepare monodisperse droplets for ddPCR experiments. The volume of PCR reagent and the number of droplets could be flexibly adjusted according to the requirements of the ddPCR analysis. The quantitative results showed that emulsions prepared by the SE device could achieve ddPCR detection with high accuracy, good repeatability, and an adaptive dynamic range, which also demonstrated the robustness and reliability of such devices in the droplet preparation. Thus, this compact SE device provides an inexpensive, flexible, and simplified droplet preparation method for digital PCR quantitative analysis.
Effect of aSiraitia grosvenori extract containing mogrosides on the cellular immune system of type 1 diabetes mellitus mice (2006)

The purpose of this study was to observe the islet changes of pancreas in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) mice in comparison to normal mice after application of an extract from Siraitia grosvenori fruits containing mogrosides, in particular, mogroside V. We hypothesized that mogroside extract (MG) attenuates the severity of alloxan-induced IDDM by effects on the immune system. Our data show that IDDM mice exhibited significant injury to pancreatic islets cells, which were atrophic. In addition, alloxan induced a notable increase in the expression of CD8+ lymphocytes to form a dramatic decrease in CD4+/CD8+ ratio (while CD4+ was unchanged). MG, administered to normal and experimental diabetic mice for 4 wk, effectively attenuated the early clinical symptoms, biochemical abnormalities, and pathological damages in pancreatic islets. Furthermore, at low dose, MG regulated the immune imbalance observed in alloxan-induced IDDM mice by up-regulating the CD4+ T-lymphocyte subsets and CD4/CD8 ratio, and altering the intracellular cytokine profiles. The expression of the pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines: IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha in splenic lymphocytes was altered toward a beneficial Th2 pattern. MG therapy had no effect on normal mice, except that low dosage MG could up-regulate the IL-4 expression levels. The results revealed that MG exhibited antidiabetic effects presumably due to the presence of mogrosides.
Effects of well width on the characteristics of GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well electroabsorption modulators (1988)

We compare the characteristics of three electroabsorption modulators fabricated using GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well structures with well widths 47, 87, and 145 Å. We find that the narrow well structure provides the largest change in transmission. The 87 Å well structure provides the largest contrast ratio, while the wide well sample offers the lowest operating voltage.
Introduction (2014)

Imagine that you are the newly hired CEO of a troubled multi-food company in desperate need of a turnaround. Here are just a few characteristics of the Gordian knot you are faced with untanglingKeywordsCash FlowIvory TowerWalk AwayBusiness Model ChangeCoffee BrandThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
The Electrodeposition of Aluminum from Nonaqueous Solutions at Room Temperature (1951)

The electrodeposition of aluminum in the form of white or shiny adherent plates on various metals has been accomplished at room temperature. A satisfactory plating solution is prepared by mixing two moles of anhydrous aluminum chloride with 1 mole of ethyl pyridinium bromide, preferably in a dry, oxygen‐free atmosphere, to produce a liquid to which benzene (or toluene) is added until a second layer, principally excess benzene, forms on the top of the plating solution. Using an aluminum anode, plating may be carried out in a protected atmosphere at cathode current densities of approximately 1 amp/dm2 (about 9 amp/ft2) using voltages of the order of one volt.
[Therapy of metastatic medullary thyroid gland carcinoma with the somatostatin analog octreotide]. (1995)

This minor therapeutic effect may be due to the relatively low density of receptors or with a low affinity of the receptors expressed in medullary thyroid carcinoma to octreotide.
Variation of the Shock Piezoresistance Coefficient of Manganin as a Function of Deformation (1970)

This paper reports recent measurements of the shock piezoresistance coefficient of manganin (in wire and thin-foil geometries) in high-density polycrystalline alumina (Lucalox). For manganin in a wire geometry and for shock stresses below the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) of Lucalox, this coefficient was found to be much higher in Lucalox than in C-7 epoxy, Hi-D glass, and soda-lime glass. The cause of the higher coefficient is postulated as the production of lattice defects in the manganin wire arising from large plastic deformation of the wire at compressive stresses below the HEL of Lucalox. For stresses above the HEL of Lucalox, the shock piezoresistance coefficient of manganin wire in Lucalox agrees quite well with that of manganin wire in other insulators. In a thin-foil geometry in Lucalox, the coefficient was found to remain constant above and below the HEL of Lucalox.
Perera, N. M. (1905–1979) (2010)

Born in Thotalanga, Ceylon, N. M. (Nanayakkarapathirage Martin) Perera attended Ceylon University College and in 1927 pursued his higher studies in London, where he earned a PhD from the London School of Economics. As Perera later recounted, it was his academic mentor, Harold Laski, who first opened his eyes to socialism. But it was his compatriot Philip Gunawardena, a secret Trotskyist within the British Communist Party, who drew him toward the revolutionary movement.
Phasic Effects of Glucose, Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>, and Lysophospholipids on Insulin Secretion* (1987)

Arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids generated by glucose stimulation of phospholipase A2 may be related to the biphasic pattern of insulin secretion. Therefore, we examined the effects of glucose, exogenous phospholipase A2, lysophospholipids, and pharmacological agents which perturb the reesterification or oxygenation of arachidonic acid in superfused monolayer cultures of neonatal rat islet cells. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (20 microM), an inhibitor of islet lipoxygenase, significantly decreased phasic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, especially during phase 1, suggesting that stimulatory lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid contribute to the effects of glucose stimulation. Treatment with exogenous phospholipase A2 (10 mU/ml) or melittin (1.0 or 2.0 micrograms/ml) to generate arachidonic acid and lysophospholipids de novo caused a monophasic release of insulin, followed by a gradual decline in insulin secretion despite the continued presence of these agonists. Conversely, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate (15, 30, and 50 microM), which blocks the reacylation of lysophospholipids with arachidonic acid, evoked a concentration-dependent biphasic stimulation of insulin secretion which was reversible. Lipoxygenase inhibition had no effect upon phase 1 secretion by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, although it did partially reduce phase 2 secretion. However, lysophosphatidylcholine (50, 75, and 100 micrograms/ml) also caused a concentration-dependent biphasic stimulation of insulin secretion which resembled that seen with p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, suggesting that lysophospholipids were mediating the effects of p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. We speculate that during glucose stimulation of the islet, the following three phospholipase A2-initiated changes may be important: generation of lysophospholipid to stimulate directly insulin secretion, generation of arachidonic acid and lipoxygenase-mediated arachidonate metabolites, which positively modulate insulin secretion, and generation of cyclooxygenase-mediated arachidonate metabolites, which negatively modulate insulin secretion.
Granulocyte transfusion: a review (2001)

Neutrophils are the body's main defence against invasion by bacteria and fungi and, below a level of 1 x 10(9)/l, there is a direct relationship between their circulating number and the risk of systemic infection. Despite advances in supportive care, such as improved broad-spectrum antibiotics and the haemopoietic growth factors, neutropenia following myelosuppressive chemotherapy for malignant disease remains the most important cause of treatment-related morbidity and mortality and its most important dose-limiting toxicity. Although there is clear theoretical, experimental and anecdotal clinical evidence supporting the use of transfused granulocytes to prevent and treat infection in neutropenia, early attempts at exploiting this clinically were unsuccessful, mainly because of difficulties in collecting a sufficient number of cells. Improvements in the technology of collection, including the use of red cell sedimenting agents, glucocorticoids and, more recently, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, now allow granulocyte doses within the therapeutic range to be routinely collected. Preliminary evidence suggests clinical efficacy. However, well-designed trials with clinically relevant end-points will be required before granulocyte transfusion can become part of routine clinical practice.
Synergetic Activity of Catechin and Other Antioxidants (1999)

The antioxidant synergy between (+)-catechin and other wine or biological antioxidants (Trolox, ascorbate, SO(2), uric acid) was measured in vitro using the Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) and metmyoglobin assays. Although the two assays are based on very different reagents (i.e., metal salts versus organic and biochemical reagents), the individual antioxidants showed similar relative activities in both systems. In addition, interaction studies showed simple additive effects in all cases except with the (+)-catechin/SO(2) mixture, which showed a remarkable synergetic effect in both assays.
Minimization of Resistance in Pleated-Media Air Filter Designs: Empirical and CFD Approaches (2003)

An empirical correlation of two parameters was developed to optimize the use of media for minipleated air filters and minimize pressure drop of the filter panel. An experiment measured performance of a prototype minipleated filter panel made of commercial filter medium and obtained experimental data to validate the correlation. Issues related to the fluid flow field of the whole system were investigated through numerical analysis using a commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code to analyze in detail the vector flow field and different turbulence models. The Reynolds stress model (RSM) turbulence model best described the experimental data. This analysis, performed in a three-dimensional computational domain with a high number of cells, showed the anisotropic nature of the turbulent shear stress. The result was confirmed also in a simplified two-dimensional computational domain. Simulation of fluid-dynamic behavior of media pleats by CFD allowed prediction of pressure drop as a function of the number of pleats per unit length using different kinds of media. The results can be used as input data for the empirical correlation and allow optimization of full-scale commercial air filters.
Case Studies on Optimizing Algorithms for GPU Architectures (2019)

Modern GPUs are complex, massively multi-threaded, and high-performance. Programmers naturally gravitate towards taking advantage of this high performance for achieving faster results. However, in order to do so successfully, programmers must first understand and then master a new set of skills – writing parallel code, using different types of parallelism, adapting to GPU architectural features, and understanding issues that limit performance. In order to ease this learning process and help GPU programmers become productive more quickly, this dissertation introduces three data access skeletons (DASks) – Block, Column, and Row -- and two block access skeletons (BASks) – Block-By-Block and Warp-by-Warp. Each “skeleton” provides a high-performance implementation framework that partitions data arrays into data blocks and then iterates over those blocks. The programmer must still write “body” methods on individual data blocks to solve their specific problem. These skeletons provide efficient machine dependent data access patterns for use on GPUs. DASks group n data elements into m fixed size data blocks. These m data block are then partitioned across p thread blocks using a 1D or 2D layout pattern. The fixed-size data blocks are parameterized using three C++ template parameters – nWork, WarpSize, and nWarps. Generic programming techniques use these three parameters to enable performance experiments on three different types of parallelism – instruction-level parallelism (ILP), data-level parallelism (DLP), and thread-level parallelism (TLP). These different DASks and BASks are introduced using a simple memory I/O (Copy) case study. A nearest neighbor search case study resulted in the development of DASKs and BASks but does not use these skeletons itself. Three additional case studies – Reduce/Scan, Histogram, and Radix Sort -- demonstrate DASks and BASks in action on parallel primitives and also provides more valuable performance lessons.
Atomic force-multi-optical imaging integrated microscope for monitoring molecular dynamics in live cells (2005)

A novel hybrid imaging system is constructed integrating atomic force microscopy (AFM) with a combination of optical imaging techniques that offer high spatial resolution. The main application of this instrument (the NanoFluor microscope) is the study of mechanotransduction with an emphasis on extracellular matrix-integrin-cytoskeletal interactions and their role in the cellular responses to changes in external chemical and mechanical factors. The AFM allows the quantitative assessment of cytoskeletal changes, binding probability, adhesion forces, and micromechanical properties of the cells, while the optical imaging applications allow thin sectioning of the cell body at the coverslip-cell interface, permitting the study of focal adhesions using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) and internal reflection microscopy (IRM). Combined AFM-optical imaging experiments show that mechanical stimulation at the apical surface of cells induces a force-generating cytoskeletal response, resulting in focal contact reorganization on the basal surface that can be monitored in real time. The NanoFluor system is also equipped with a novel mechanically aligned dual camera acquisition system for synthesized Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The integrated NanoFluor microscope system is described, including its characteristics, applications, and limitations.
Conjugation of Nedd8 to CUL1 Enhances the Ability of the ROC1-CUL1 Complex to Promote Ubiquitin Polymerization (2000)

The SCF-ROC1 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase (E3) ubiquitin ligase complex targets the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of protein substrates required for the regulation of cell cycle progression and signal transduction pathways. We have previously shown that ROC1-CUL1 is a core subassembly within the SCF-ROC1 complex, capable of supporting the polymerization of ubiquitin. This report describes that the CUL1 subunit of the bacterially expressed, unmodified ROC1-CUL1 complex is conjugated with Nedd8 at Lys-720 by HeLa cell extracts or by a purified Nedd8 conjugation system (consisting of APP-BP1/Uba3, Ubc12, and Nedd8). This covalent linkage of Nedd8 to CUL1 is both necessary and sufficient to markedly enhance the ability of the ROC1-CUL1 complex to promote ubiquitin polymerization. A mutation of Lys-720 to arginine in CUL1 eliminates the Nedd8 modification, abolishes the activation of the ROC1-CUL1 ubiquitin ligase complex, and significantly reduces the ability of SCF(HOS/beta)(-TRCP)-ROC1 to support the ubiquitination of phosphorylated IkappaBalpha. Thus, although regulation of the SCF-ROC1 action has been previously shown to preside at the level of recognition of a phosphorylated substrate, we demonstrate that Nedd8 is a novel regulator of the efficiency of polyubiquitin chain synthesis and, hence, promotes rapid turnover of protein substrates.
Fluorescence-polarization spectrum and electronic-energy transfer in proteins (1960)

Research Article| May 01 1960 Fluorescence-polarization spectrum and electronic-energy transfer in proteins G. Weber G. Weber 1Department of Biochemistry, The University, Western Bank, Sheffield 10 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1960) 75 (2): 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0750345 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation G. Weber; Fluorescence-polarization spectrum and electronic-energy transfer in proteins. Biochem J 1 May 1960; 75 (2): 345–352. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0750345 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1960 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1960 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Some elementary suboptimal diversity reception schemes for DVB-T in mobile conditions (2000)

Some simple diversity reception schemes are presented to be used with digital video broadcasting for terrestrial distribution (DVB-T) systems in multipath channels with time selective fading. The performances of these methods are examined using simulation. The results show, that even very simple diversity selection strategies can improve the system performance considerably.
Reliability of Predictors for Screw Cutout in Intertrochanteric Hip Fractures (2012)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
GENERATOR PROCESSES OF REPETITIVE ACTIVITY IN A PACINIAN CORPUSCLE (1958)

Response patterns resulting from repetitive mechanical stimulation of the corpuscle depend on (1) the time course of recovery of the generator potential, on (2) the recovery of critical firing height, and on (3) the stimulus strength/generator potential function. By either augmenting stimulus frequency at constant strength, or by reducing strength at constant frequency, a sequence of propagated potentials is turned into a pattern of alternating regenerative and generator responses. In such a pattern an extra impulse can be set up whenever an extra stimulus produces a generator potential of enough amplitude to reach the firing height of the corresponding period. The new requirements of firing height introduced by the refractory trail of the extra impulse determine resetting of periodicity and appearance of a "compensatory pause." The decay time of the single generator potential is independent of stimulus duration. This is interpreted as a factor determining receptor adaptation. Upon repetitive stimulation at intervals above (1/2) decay time of the single generator potential, a compound generator potential is built up which shows no spontaneous decline. However, in spite of being considerably greater than the firing height for single impulses, the constant level of depolarization of the compound generator potential is unable to produce propagated potentials. A hypothesis is brought forward which considers the generator potential to arise from membrane units with fluctuating excitability scattered over the non-myelinated nerve ending.
A randomized trial of cyclobenzaprine for the treatment of fibromyalgia. (1989)

We attempted a randomized, double blind trial of placebo vs cyclobenzaprine (Flexeril) in 40 female patients with fibromyalgia from a private rheumatology practice in Maine. Patient reports and physician global assessments indicated that cyclobenzaprine was more effective than placebo in alleviating symptoms of fibromyalgia in a subgroup of patients. However, most patients in the study had more accurate perceptions of drug effects than had been predicted and were able to identify the test drug. How much this awareness contributed to the perceived effectiveness of cyclobenzaprine is unknown.
Slip Power Recovery in an Induction Motor by the Use of a Thyristor Inverter (1969)

The low-speed efficiency of an induction motor is improved by rectifying slip-frequency power, inverting this to line frequency, and injecting it back into the supply directly (line feed-back) or through auxiliary stator windings (stator feedback). Torque-speed curves then have the nature of a variable-speed drive. The low power factor and nonsinusoidal supply current of the line feedback connection are improved by use of the stator feed-back method but the improvement of efficiency is then much less. Line feedback with a two-phase induction motor eliminates the need for a variable control voltage source.
An electromigration failure model of tungsten plug contacts/vias for realistic lifetime prediction (2002)

An EM failure model which considers the incubation time and Al drift time separately has been established. The model predicts that the lifetimes of Al-Cu interconnects at the W plug contacts/vias under operating conditions are dominated by Cu diffusion (incubation time) in Al-Cu. For a realistic EM lifetime prediction of VLSI interconnects under operating conditions, the understanding of Cu movement during current stress is essential.
Diet, Obesity and Hypertension: An Hypothesis Involving Insulin, the Sympathetic Nervous System, and Adaptive Thermogenesis (1986)

The association of obesity and hypertension is well recognized. Although the frequency of hypertension in obese subjects varies depending upon the age, race, and sex of the population studied, as well as the definitions employed for 'hypertension' and 'obesity, several reports suggest that as many as 50 to 60 percent of overweight people have high blood pressure [1, 2]. Hypertension, more importantly, is probably the major factor accounting for increased cardiovascular disease in the obese [3, 4]. Despite the importance of the clinical problem, the fundamental nature of the association between obesity and hypertension has been obscure. Recent epidemiological and physiological studies, however, suggest that insulin and the sympathetic nervous system may be involved, and that the hypertension of obesity may be the unfortunate by-product of mechanisms that establish energy balance and limit weight gain.
An Explanatory Windshield Display Interface with Augmented Reality Elements for Urban Autonomous Driving (2018)

One of the challenges in reaching wide-spread autonomous driving is the establishment of driver trust in the technology. We suggest a windshield display interface showing the perceptive abilities and decision-making of an automated car while driving. We took a human-centered design approach to determine user expectations and requirements. We present our resulting interface prototype which runs in a mixed-reality environment. We plan to evaluate its impact on situation awareness and trust in hard-to-predict urban scenarios.