gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On relay selection in bursty impulsive noise channel (2016)

Relay selection among available relays is crucial in improving the performance of cooperative relaying. In this paper, we address the relay selection for a multi-relay decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative relaying scheme over channels impaired by bursty impulsive noise in the presence of Rayleigh fading. For this scheme, we propose a novel best relay selection technique which is based on both the channel state information of source-relay and relay-destination links and the state of the impulsive noise that affect those links. Then, we provide a end-to-end bit error rate (BER) expression for the proposed scenario using BPSK modulation. Finally, the accuracy of the provided analytical results and the effectiveness of the proposed best relay selection algorithm under different network topology is discussed. It is shown that, by using the bursty impulsive noise characteristics, the proposed relay selection algorithm performs significantly better than the conventional relay selection algorithm which is optimized for additive white Gaussian noise environment.
Structure and transmembrane nature of the acetylcholine receptor in amphibian skeletal muscle as revealed by cross-reacting monoclonal antibodies. (1984)

A collection of 126 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) made against acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) from the electric organs of Torpedo californica or Electrophorus electricus was tested for cross-reactivity with AChRs in cryostat sections of skeletal muscle from Rana pipiens and Xenopus laevis by indirect immunofluorescence. 49 mAbs (39%) cross-reacted with AChRs from Rana, and 25 mAbs (20%) cross-reacted with AChRs from Xenopus. mAbs specific for each of the four subunits of electric organ AChR (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) cross-reacted with AChRs from each amphibian species. mAbs cross-reacting with Xenopus AChRs were, with one exception, a subset of the mAbs cross-reacting with Rana AChRs. The major difference detected between the two species was in binding by mAbs specific for the main immunogenic region (MIR) of the alpha-subunit. Whereas 22 of 33 anti-MIR mAbs tested cross-reacted with Rana AChRs, only one of these mAbs cross-reacted with Xenopus AChRs. Some (32) of the cross-reacting mAbs were tested for binding to AChRs in intact muscle. 21 of these mAbs bound to AChRs only when membranes were made permeable with saponin. Electron microscopy using immunoperoxidase or colloidal gold techniques revealed that these mAbs recognize cytoplasmic determinants and that mAbs that do not require saponin in order to bind AChRs in intact muscle recognize extracellular determinants. These results suggest that AChRs in skeletal muscle of Rana and Xenopus are composed of subunits corresponding to the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-subunits of AChRs from fish electric organs. The subunit specificity of mAbs whose binding was examined by electron microscopy suggests that parts of each subunit (alpha, beta, gamma, delta) are exposed on the cytoplasmic surface and that, as in AChRs from fish electric organs and mammalian muscle, the MIR on alpha-subunits of Rana AChRs is exposed on the extracellular surface.
AN AUTOMATED METHOD FOR FOLLOWING THE PRODUCTION OF CORTICOSTEROIDS BY ADRENAL TISSUE IN VITRO (1967)

A device is described for monitoring the production of corticosteroids by adrenal tissue in vitro. Halved or quartered adrenal glands, distributed equally between two glass vials, were incubated in streams of buffered medium. One vial contained the control and the other the experimental tissue. Sampling of the medium in each vial was continuous; the steroids were extracted automatically, first into methylene chloride and then into ethanolic H 2 SO 4 to develop fluorescence. The acid extracts passed through fluorometer flow cells and the fluorescence was recorded with a two-channel pen recorder. The use of the apparatus is illustrated by a record demonstrating the increase in corticosteroid production in response to ACTH.
Environmental circumstances of Myanmar: Cited from field notebook of one Environmental Chemist (2013)

ミャンマー連邦共和国は2011年の新政権発足以降，民主化と経済改革に向けて変化を始めた。本稿では，環境化学者の視点から激変するミャンマーの環境事情の一端を紹介し，近い将来課題となるいくつかの環境問題について言及した。
Instrumentation for Simultaneous Detection of Low Field NMR and Biomagnetic Signals (2005)

We have built and demonstrated a simple system with open geometry that measures biomagnetic signals such as magnetoencephalogram (MEG), magnetocardiogram (MCG) and magnetomyogram (MMG) simultaneously with low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) free induction decay signals (FID). The system employs LT/sub C/ SQUID gradiometers and can operate with proton Larmor frequency in the 80 Hz-10 kHz range. A pre-polarizing field of up to 60 mT is generated by resistive coils. Two different types of SQUID gradiometers were used: a tangential thin-film planar first-order gradiometer and an axial second-order gradiometer. The gradiometers were placed inside a fiberglass dewar at about 1 cm distance from a subject. All measurements were performed inside a single-layer magnetic shielded room. This system is the prototype for a system that will ultimately be capable of measuring biomagnetic signals together with magnetic resonance images (MRI).
The Unstable Elbow*† (2000)

O'Driscoll, Shawn W. Ph.D., M.D., F.R.C.S.(c)‡; Jupiter, Jesse B. M.D.§; King, Graham J. W. M.D, M.Sc., F.R.C.S.(C)#; Hotchkiss, Robert N. M.D.**; Morrey, Bernard F. M.D.‡ Author Information
Unfolding dynamics of a β-sheet protein studied by mass spectrometry† Paper presented at 17th Informal Meeting on Mass Spectrometry, Fiera di Primiero, Italy, May 1999. (1999)

The unfolding dynamics of cellular retinoic acid-binding protein I (CRABP I), an 18 kDa predominantly β-sheet protein, were studied by monitoring the hydrogen–deuterium (H–D) exchange reaction under various solution conditions. A bimodal charge state distribution was observed when a denaturing agent was added to the protein aqueous solution. These two populations exhibit different kinetics of H–D exchange, with the high charge state ions undergoing very rapid isotope exchange, while the low charge state protein ions exchange cooperatively but at much slower rates. Transiently populated intermediate states were detected indirectly using hydrogen exchange measurement in aqueous solution at various pHs. At pH 2.5 and room temperature, three distinct populations of CRABP I ions exist over an extended period of time, each corresponding to a specific degree of backbone amide hydrogen atom protection. Mass spectral data are complementary to hydrogen exchange measurements by NMR, since the former samples a much faster time-scale of dynamic events in solution. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arabidopsis thaliana calcium-dependent lipid-binding protein (AtCLB): a novel repressor of abiotic stress response (2011)

Ca(2+) is an important second messenger in plant signal transduction pathways regulating stress-induced gene expression. Functional analysis of plant proteins containing Ca(2+)-binding domains (C2 domains) will help us understand the mechanisms behind the role of transcriptional regulators in the Ca(2+) signalling pathway and open new perspectives for crop genetic improvement. We identified a novel transcriptional regulator, a Ca(2+)-dependent lipid-binding protein (AtCLB) containing a C2 domain. AtCLB binds specifically to the promoter of the Arabidopsis thalianol synthase gene (AtTHAS1), whose expression is induced by gravity and light. Here we describe the role of the Atclb gene encoding the AtCLB protein. Expression of the Atclb gene was documented in all analysed tissues of Arabidopsis (leaf, root, stem, flower, and silique) by real-time PCR analysis. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that AtCLB protein is localized in the nucleus of cells in Arabidopsis root tips. We demonstrated that the AtCLB protein was capable of binding to the membrane lipid ceramide. The role of the Atclb gene in negatively regulating responses to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis thaliana was identified. The loss of the Atclb gene function confers an enhanced drought and salt tolerance and a modified gravitropic response in T-DNA insertion knockout mutant lines. Expression of AtTHAS1 in Atclb knockout mutant lines was increased compared with wild type and a 35S-Atclb overexpression line suggesting AtCLB as a transcriptional repressor of AtTHAS1.
Nanoparticle Based Printed Sensors on Paper for Detecting Chemical Species (2017)

There has been an increasing need of technologies to manufacturing chemical and biological sensors for various applications ranging from environmental monitoring to human health monitoring. Currently, manufacturing of most chemical and biological sensors relies on a variety of standard microfabrication techniques, such as physical vapor deposition and photolithography, and materials such as metals and semiconductors. Though functional, they are hampered by high cost materials, rigid substrates, and limited surface area. Paper based sensors offer an intriguing alternative that is low cost, mechanically flexible, has the inherent ability to filter and separate analytes, and offers a high surface area, permeable framework advantageous to liquid and vapor sensing. However, a major drawback is that standard microfabrication techniques cannot be used in paper sensor fabrication. To fabricate sensors on paper, low temperature additive techniques must be used, which will require new manufacturing processes and advanced functional materials. In this work, we focus on using aerosol jet printing as a highresolution additive process for the deposition of ink materials to be used in paper-based sensors. This technique can use a wide variety of materials with different viscosities, including materials with high porosity and particles inherent to paper. One area of our efforts involves creating interdigitated microelectrodes on paper in a one-step process using commercially available silver nanoparticle and carbon black based conductive inks. Another area involves use of specialized filter papers as substrates, such as multi-layered fibrous membrane paper consisting of a poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibrous layer and a nonwoven poly(ethylene terephthalate) layer. The poly(acrylonitrile) nanofibrous layer are dense and smooth enough to allow for high resolution aerosol jet printing. With additively fabricated electrodes on the paper, molecularly-functionalized metal nanoparticles are deposited by molecularly-mediated assembling, drop casting, and printing (sensing and electrode materials), allowing full functionalization of the paper, and producing sensor devices with high surface area. These sensors, depending on the electrode configuration, are used for detection of chemical and biological species in vapor phase, such as water vapor and volatile organic compounds, making them applicable to human performance monitoring. These paper based sensors are shown to display an enhancement in sensitivity, as compared to control devices fabricated on non-porous polyimide substrates. These results have demonstrated the feasibility of paper-based printed devices towards manufacturing of a fully wearable, highly-sensitive, and wireless human performance monitor coupled to flexible electronics with the capability to communicate wirelessly to a smartphone or other electronics for data logging and analysis.
Backlog-based random access in wireless networks: fluid limits and delay issues (2011)

We explore the spatio-temporal congestion dynamics of wireless networks with backlog-based random-access mechanisms. While relatively simple and inherently distributed in nature, suitably designed backlog-based access schemes provide the striking capability to match the optimal throughput performance of centralized scheduling algorithms in a wide range of scenarios. In the present paper, we show that the specific activity functions for which maximum stability has been established, may however yield excessive queue lengths and delays. The results reveal that more aggressive/persistent access schemes can improve the delay performance, while retaining the maximum stability guarantees in a rich set of scenarios. In order to gain qualitative insights and examine stability properties we will investigate fluid limits where the system dynamics are scaled in space and time. As it turns out, several distinct types of fluid limits can arise, exhibiting various degrees of randomness, depending on the structure of the network, in conjunction with the form of the activity functions. We further demonstrate that, counter to intuition, additional interference may improve the delay performance in certain cases. Simulation experiments are conducted to illustrate and validate the analytical findings.
Endothelial Dilatory Function Predicts Individual Susceptibility to Renal Damage in the 5/6 Nephrectomized Rat (2002)

In experimental animal models of renal disease the degree of renal damage varies between individuals. This could be caused by variation in the noxious event or by differences in individual susceptibility. Intact endothelial function is assumed to provide a defense mechanism against progressive renal damage. This study hypothesized that interindividual differences in renal endothelial function might be involved in individual susceptibility to renal damage, and it investigated whether endothelial function of small renal arteries before induction of 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) in rats was related to development of renal damage after 5/6 Nx. Wistar rats underwent 5/6 Nx, and small renal arteries of the removed right kidney were investigated for endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine (ACh, 10(-8) to 10(-4) mol/L). The contribution of underlying endothelial dilative mediators, NO, prostaglandins (PG), and endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF), was assessed using the inhibitors, L-NMMA, indomethacin, and charybdotoxin+apamin, respectively. After 5/6 Nx, proteinuria developed in each rat ranging from 22 to 278 (84 +/- 14) mg/24 h at week 5 (n = 23). Interestingly, a significant inverse correlation between individual ACh-relaxation (expressed as area under curve in arbitrary units) and proteinuria 5 wk after 5/6 Nx was found (r = -0.54; P = 0.008; n = 23). An inverse correlation was also found between individual NO contribution as well as PG contribution and proteinuria 5 wk after 5/6 Nx (r = -0.86, P = 0.001, n = 11; and r = -0.74, P = 0.01, n = 11, respectively). In addition, individual ACh-relaxation was positively correlated with GFR measured 6 wk after 5/6 Nx (r = 0.58; P = 0.016; n = 17). This study demonstrates for the first time that individual renal endothelial dilatory function of the healthy rat predicts susceptibility to renal damage after 5/6 Nx, which seems to depend on individual endothelial NO and PG activity.
Self-aligned formation of a vertical-type micro field emitter with a volcano-shaped gate electrode protruding towards the cathode by focused ion-beam sputter etching and deposition (1999)

A vertical-type micro field emitter with a volcano-shaped gate electrode protruding towards the cathode was fabricated by the focused ion-beam sputter etching and deposition technique. Chromium was deposited on the silicon dioxide layer grown on the silicon substrate and patterned to be a band with width of 5 µm and length of 20 µm. After patterning, the oxide layer below the chromium film was etched away with hydrofluoric acid, resulting in the formation of a chromium bridge. This bridge, together with the silicon substrate, was machined by a circularly-deflected focused ion beam to make a ring-shaped erosion, leaving a small protrusion at the center. Simultaneously, sputtered silicon was deposited to the edge of the gate electrode to form a protrusion like a volcano. Formation of this protruding gate electrode was confirmed by a Monte Carlo simulation. This technique has a unique character, such that the depositing material is supplied from the back side, and may be applicable to fabrication of micromachines and so on.
Organic acid activation of the alterNatlve oxidase of plant mitochondria (1993)

Alternative oxidase activity (oxygen uptake in the presence of KCN, antimycin or myxothiazol) in mitochondria isolated from the roots of soybean seedlings was very slow, even with succinate as substrate. This activity was stimulated substantially (100-400%) by the addition of pyruvate, with half maximal stimulation occurring at 0.1 mM pyruvate. Mitochondria from soybean shoots displayed high alternative oxidase activity with succinate and malate as substrates but lower activity with exogenous NADH; addition of pyruvate stimulated the activity with NADH up to that seen with succinate. This stimulation of cyanide-insensitive NADH oxidation was seen also with mitochondria from other species. Hydroxypyruvate and oxoglutarate could substitute for pyruvate, although higher concentrations were required to achieve maximum stimulation. Pyruvate stimulation of cyanide-insensitive oxygen uptake was observed with exogenous quinols as substrates, with sub-mitochondrial particles, and in the presence of the pyruvate transport inhibitor, cyanohydroxycinnamic acid, but was not observed with detergent-solubilised mitochondria. It is suggested that pyruvate acts allosterically on the alternative oxidase to stimulate its activity. The implications of these findings for respiration in vivo are discussed.
High Harmonic Generation from Solid Targets at High Repetition Rate (2010)

Harmonics up to the 15th order are produced from solid targets using 3 mJ, 30 fs pulses focused to a spot size of 1.7 µm and 3×1018 W/cm2. Combined conversion efficiency to the highest harmonics is > 10−5.
Surface nanocavities in 3D photonic crystals (2013)

We design and demonstrate nanocavities with TE-like and TM-like polarizations at the surface of 3D photonic crystals using 3D design freedom in a 3D structure and the polarization-independent surface-mode gap.
Assessment of Pulmonary Fibrosis after Radiotherapy (RT) in Breast Conserving Surgery: Comparison between Conventional External Beam RT (EBRT) and Intraoperative RT with Electrons (ELIOT) (2011)

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and the grade of RT-induced pulmonary fibrosis in patients who underwent EBRT compared to patients who underwent ELIOT. One-hundred-seventy-eight patients enrolled in a prospective randomized phase III trial to compare the efficacy of ELIOT (a single dose of 21 Gy prescribed at the 90% isodose) versus EBRT (50 Gy to the whole breast plus a 10 Gy boost to the tumour bed), underwent a spiral 16-detector row Computed Tomography (CT) examination to assess RT-induced pulmonary fibrosis: 83 patients in the EBRT arm and 95 in the ELIOT arm. All patients (age range 48-75 years) were affected by unicentric infiltrating carcinoma of the breast with diameter < 2.5 cm. This study was approved by our Institutional Ethical Committee and informed consent was obtained from each patient. Two observers, blinded to patient's randomization, independently evaluated each CT examination and assigned a fibrosis score (Grades 0 to 3). Inter-observer agreement for the fibrosis score was evaluated and a consensus between observers was obtained. Differences in fibrosis score between the two arms were evaluated by Chi Square test and Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Pulmonary fibrosis was diagnosed in 42 patients (23.6%): 38 (90%) were in the EBRT arm and 4 (10%) in the ELIOT arm (p < 0.0001); twenty-six of them were Grade 1 (one ELIOT), fifteen were Grade 2 (three ELIOT) and one was Grade 3. The post-radiotherapy risk in the EBRT arm to develop at least Grade 1 fibrosis was 19 times higher than in the ELIOT one (OR: 19.20; 95%CI: 6.46-57.14) and 6 times higher to develop at least Grade 2 (OR: 5.70; 95%CI: 1.56-20.76). In conclusion, CT detected pulmonary fibrosis in patients treated with ELIOT is significantly less frequent compared to patients treated with EBRT.
Effects of standardized ileal digestible tryptophan:lysine ratio on growth performance and economics of 25- to 45-lb nursery pigs (2014)

The use of feed-grade tryptophan (Trp) in swine diets has become more economical recently due to the increased cost of soybean meal and the increased usage of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of the standardized ileal digestible (SID) tryptophan:lysine (Trp:Lys) ratio on growth performance and economics of 25- to 45-lb nursery pigs housed in a commercial environment. A total of 1,088 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 24.8 ± 1.2 lb BW) were used in a 21-d growth trial. Pigs were weaned at 16 d of age and grouped into pens of 27 pigs (14 gilts and 13 barrows). Pigs were fed common diets until d 28 after weaning. On d 28, pens of pigs were weighed and blocked by average BW, then randomly assigned to 1 of 7 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 6 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments contained 30% DDGS and were 14.5, 16.5, 18.0, 19.5, 21.0, 22.5, and 24.5% SID Trp:Lys ratio. The SID Trp:Lys ratio was increased by adding crystalline L-Trp to the control diet at the expense of corn. The SID Lys requirement was 1.07% and was reduced by 0.10 percentage points below the estimated requirement to ensure that lysine was the second limiting amino acid throughout the experiment. Increasing SID Trp:Lys ratio increased (quadratic, P<0.002) ADG, ADFI, and final BW through the 21.0% SID Trp:Lys ratio with no change thereafter. Consequently, F/G, caloric efficiency, and income over feed cost (IOFC) also improved as the SID Trp:Lys ratio increased from 14.5 to 21.0% of Lys. For ADG, pigs fed the 18% SID Trp:Lys ratio were at 97% of maximum response, whereas for IOFC, pigs fed 18% SID Trp:Lys were at 98% of the maximum. Risk of reduced performance and profitability was much greater when SID Trp:Lys was formulated below 18% than when formulated above 18%. In conclusion, formulating nursery diets below 18% SID Trp:Lys reduced feed intake and, consequently, growth performance.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 20, 2014
How effective is therapy for childhood stuttering? Dissecting and reinterpreting the evidence in light of spontaneous recovery rates (2005)

It is proposed that in children who stutter, the best source of relief from stuttering is in the effective and efficient engagement of mirror neurons via methods that best replicate choral speech. In order to induce natural sounding, fluent speech, it is suggested that one uses primarily derivations of choral speech such as altered auditory feedback. Motoric techniques might also be used synergistically to provide supplementary sources of mirror neuron engagement.
ATTEMPTED PREPARATION OF POLYVINYLAMINE (1) (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTATTEMPTED PREPARATION OF POLYVINYLAMINE (1)GIFFIN D. JONES, JACK ZOMLEFER, and KENNETH HAWKINSCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1944, 09, 6, 500–512Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1944https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01188a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (924 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts