gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of vowel distinctiveness to intelligibility and vowel identification accuracy of dysarthric speech. (2011)

Distorted vowel production is a hallmark characteristic of dysarthric speech and often is characterized by spectral and temporal degradation, flattening of spectral change formants, and vowel space distortions that may differentially affect high versus low or front versus back contrasts. Because acoustic information critical to accurate speech perception is contained in vowels, it is important to ask how such degradations influence the resulting percept. To date, attempts to characterize this relationship have met with mixed results. In the present investigation, a variety vowel space metrics were derived from vowels produced by 48 speakers with dysarthria to assess their ability to predict perceptual outcome measures (e.g., intelligibility and vowel identification accuracy). Novel metrics capturing distinctiveness of spectral neighbors (i.e., dispersion of vowels) were included in this analysis, as recent evidence suggests that vowel distinctiveness, not vowel space area, better predicts vowel intelligibility [Neel, J. Speech Lang. Hear. Res. 51, 574–585 (2008)]. Results of several stepwise multiple regressions support these findings as measures of vowel dispersion both novel and established were included in models that significantly predicted both intelligibility and vowel accuracy. Results of the present analysis provide compelling support of inclusion of such dispersion metrics in the study of dysarthric vowel perception.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Metal‐Binding Properties of Polybipyridine Ligands Derived from Acyclic and Macrocyclic Polyamines. (1990)

Abstract As shown for (III), synthetic procedures are developed for the preparation of ligands such as (III)‐(VI) bearing up to six 2,2'‐bipyridine groups attached to acyclic and macrocyclic polyamines.
Criteria for Evaluating VoIP Service (2003)

In Chapter 4 we discuss a set of criteria which can be used to evaluate VoIP service in both Enterprise and residential networks. We find that many of the PSTN domain reliability, availability and voice quality parameters, and call setup characteristics are either difficult-to-achieve or become cost-prohibitive to implement in an operational IP based network unless one has control over both call ingress and call egress sides of the network.
Visual analysis of entity relationships in the Global Terrorism Database (2008)

With the increase of terrorist activity around the world, it has become more important than ever to analyze and understand these activities over time. Although the data on terrorist activities are detailed and relevant, the complexity of the data has rendered the understanding and analysis difficult. We present a visual analytical approach to effectively identify related entities such as terrorist groups, events, locations, etc. based on a 2D layout. Our methods are based on sequence comparison from bioinformatics, modified to incorporate the element of time. By allowing the user the freedom to link entities by their activities over time, we provide a new framework for comparison of event sequences. Our scoring mechanism is robust and flexible, giving the user the flexibility to define the extent to which time is considered in aligning entities. Incorporated with high interactivity, the user can efficiently navigate through tens of thousands of records recorded in over a hundred dimensions of data by choosing combinations of categories to examine. Exploration of the terrorist activities in our system reveals relationships between entities that are not easily detectable using traditional methods.
Study of main and cross-over effects on pressure relief among body mass index (BMI), body position and supporting material properties (2017)

Pressure ulcers influence people with limited mobility who must spend a long time lying or sitting because these positions create high interfacial pressure between the body and supporting materials. Supporting materials, such as mattresses and cushions, are designed to prevent pressure ulcers by increasing the contact area, reducing the interfacial pressure or reducing the contact time. Foam is the most common supporting material for relieving pressure because it is cheap and easy to change its shape to fit the contour of the body. Past studies showed that BMI, body position and supporting material properties have an impact on relieving pressure; however, there is no study of the main and cross-over effects among these parameters. This study aims to investigate the main and cross-over effects among BMI, body position and supporting material properties on pressure relieving performance using univariate ANOVA and correlation analysis. It was found that body position and foam density were the main effect and BMI and body position, and body position and foam density were the cross-over effects on pressure relief. It was also found that low density Polyurethane (PU) foam of less than 4 cm in thickness as well as the appropriate K2 and K3 moduli are best suited for pressure relief. The actual value of foam thickness and the appropriate K2 and K3 moduli are subject to BMI values and body position. The significance of the outcomes from this study is that it will aid in optimizing the design of supporting materials with varied BMI values and body positions to greatly reduce pressure ulcers for ailing patients.
Characteristics of Flameless Combustion in 3D Highly Porous Reactors under Diesel Injection Conditions (2013)

The heat release process in a free volume combustion chamber and in porous reactors has been analyzed under Diesel engine-like conditions. The process has been investigated in a wide range of initial pressures and temperatures simulating engine conditions at the moment when fuel injection starts. The resulting pressure history in both porous reactors and in free volumes significantly depends on the initial pressure and temperature. At lower initial temperatures, the process in porous reactors is accelerated. Combustion in a porous reactor is characterized by heat accumulation in the solid phase of the porous structure and results in reduced pressure peaks and lowered combustion temperature. This depends on reactor heat capacity, pore density, specific surface area, pore structure, and heat transport properties. Characteristic modes of a heat release process in a two-dimensional field of initial pressure and temperature have been selected. There are three characteristic regions represented by a single- and multistep oxidation process (with two or three slopes in the reaction curve) and characteristic delay time distribution has been selected in five characteristic ranges. There is a clear qualitative similarity of characteristic modes of the heat release process in a free volume and in porous reactors. A quantitative influence of porous reactor features (heat capacity, pore density, pore structure, specific surface area, and fuel distribution in the reactor volume) has been clearly indicated.
Removal of sulfur contaminants in methanol for fuel cell applications (1996)

Fuel cell power plants are being developed for transit bus and passenger car applications that use methanol as the on-board fuel. Commodity methanol by itself contains very little sulfur; however, it may occasionally be contaminated with up to about 1% diesel fuel or gasoline in current liquid-fuel distribution systems, leading to the presence of sulfur in the methanol fuel. This sulfur must be removed because of its deleterious effect on the reforming catalysts. International Fuel Cells has set the allowable sulfur limit in the methanol fuel at less than 1 ppm. The equilibrium adsorption isotherm and breakthrough data were used to assess the feasibility of developing a granular activated carbon adsorber for the removal of sulfur from transportation fuel cell systems.
Impact assessment and performance targets for lighting and envelope systems (1992)

Electric lighting loads and cooling from solar heat gains and from lights are the two largest components of peak demand in commercial buildings. The most cost effective demand side management solutions are generally those that directly reduce or eliminate these loads. Existing technologies can provide modest reductions, however they are typically applied an a piecemeal manner that yields less than optimal results. The full potential of existing technologies will be realized when they are commercially available in an integrated package easily specifiable by architects and engineers. Emerging technologies can also be developed to provide even greater savings and extend the savings over a greater portion of the building floor area. This report assesses achievable energy and peak demand performance in California commercial buildings with technologies available today and in the future. We characterize energy performance over a large range of building envelope and lighting conditions, both through computer simulation models and through case study measured data, and subsequently determine reasonable energy targets if building design were further optimized with integrated systems of current or new technologies. Energy targets are derived from the study after consideration of industry priorities, design constraints, market forces, energy code influence, and the state of current building stock.
Mechanical Manipulation of Photophysical Properties of Single Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles (2013)

Results on simultaneous atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence microspectroscopy on single nanoparticles of the conjugated polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) are presented. Single particle fluorescence spectra and defocused images confirm that the particles are composed of large numbers of randomly oriented conjugated segments (chromophores) with a wide distribution of the segment lengths. Mechanical contact of the particle surface with a sharp tip of the AFM probe causes reversible modification of the particle fluorescence intensity and spectra. The majority of the particles show an increase of fluorescence intensity and blue spectral shift upon contact with the tip. The fluorescence increase is correlated with the particle size and is most pronounced for the smallest particles. The phenomena are interpreted in terms of local disturbance of the MEH-PPV chain conformation by the probe tip.
Traveling Wave MRI at 21.1 T: Propagation below Cut-off for Ultrahigh Field Vertical Bore System (2014)

At high magnetic field strengths (> 4 T), the propagation wave vector of the excitation field B1 can no longer be ignored as the wavelength becomes commensurate or smaller than the imaging field of view (FOV), particularly for high dielectric media. The emergence of this propagation wave vector renders the excitation field variant in both time and space. In this paper, the propagation of RF excitation waves in a high field vertical NMR system is demonstrated for the first time with an appropriate screened dielectric waveguide excited by a simple loop coil to enable below cutoff propagation for imaging in the far field. Uniquely, aqueous samples provide the high permittivity required to modify the cut-off requirements of this transmission system. Theory and simulations corroborate the observed propagating modes field patterns. The ease of construction and implementation of this setup permits use in a variety of high field systems. At a minimum, this design provides a larger FOV that is limited primarily by the three-dimensional linearity of the gradient coil. More critically, it also opens up the use of multimode excitation for selective nulling or maximum excitation of the FOV along the direction of wave propagation.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of MK‐7246, a Selective CRTH2 Antagonist for the Treatment of Respiratory Diseases. (2011)

Abstract SAR studies leading to title compound (I) along with two synthetic sequences enabling the preparation of this novel class of CRTH2 antagonist are reported.
Design and Synthesis of Novel χ<sup>2</sup>‐Constrained Phenylalanine, Naphthylalanine, and Tryptophan Analogues and Their Use in Biologically Active Melanotropin Peptides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Measurement of the Snow Fraction in a Snow/water Mixture Flow in a Pipe (1986)

A method was proposed to determine the snow fraction from the hydraulic gradient of a snow/water mixture flowing in a vertical pipe with a circular cross section. Experimental results showed that the mixing of snow did not affect the frictional force on the vertical pipe wall, and that the volume snow fraction C' in the pipe was nearly equal to the value C at the discharge. Based on these results, it was confirmed that C' was determined within an error of 2% by the method proposed here for the pipe diameter D corresponding to the range of Froude numbers Fr between 5 and 35 [Fr=Um2/(|1-s|gD), Um;flow velocity, s;density ratio of ice to water, g;gravity acceleration.
High frequency leaky-mode excitation on microstrip line (2002)

The excitation of leaky modes and the continuous spectrum on microstrip line at high frequencies is studied. It is shown that the current excited from a practical source or discontinuity exhibits spurious effects at high frequencies due to the excitation of the continuous spectrum (radiation spectrum), which may or may not be dominated by a leaky mode, depending on the frequency range and the substrate permittivity. In some cases the spurious effects are due to a leaky mode, while in other cases the effects are due to the excitation of one or more "residual-wave" currents, which have not been previously studied for open microstrip line.
3D Crank-Nicolson finite difference time domain method for dispersive media (2009)

The unconditionally stable Crank-Nicolson finite difference time domain (CN-FDTD) method is extended to incorporate frequency-dependent media in three dimensions. A Gaussian-elimination-based direct sparse solver is used to deal with the large sparse matrix system arising from the formulation. Numerical results validate and confirm that the scheme is unconditionally stable for time steps over the Courant-Friedrich-Lewy limit of classical FDTD.
Distinct genetic control of parasite elimination, dissemination, and disease after Leishmania major infection (2009)

Elimination of pathogens is the basis of host resistance to infections; however, relationship between persisting pathogens and disease has not been clarified. Leishmania major infection in mice is an important model of host-pathogen relationship. Infected BALB/c mice exhibit high parasite numbers in lymph nodes and spleens, and a chronic disease with skin lesions, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly, increased serum IgE levels and cytokine imbalance. Although numerous gene loci affecting these disease symptoms have been reported, genes controlling parasites' elimination or dissemination have never been mapped. We therefore compared genetics of the clinical and immunologic symptomatology with parasite load in (BALB/c x CcS-11) F2 hybrids and mapped five loci, two of which control parasite elimination or dissemination. Lmr5 influences parasite loads in spleens (and skin lesions, splenomegaly, and serum IgE, IL-4, and IFNgamma levels), and Lmr20 determines parasite numbers in draining lymph nodes (and serum levels of IgE and IFNgamma), but no skin or visceral pathology. Three additional loci do not affect parasite numbers but influence significantly the disease phenotype-Lmr21: skin lesions and IFNgamma levels, Lmr22: IL-4 levels, Lmr23: IFNgamma levels, indicating that development of L. major-caused disease includes critical regulations additional to control of parasite spread.
Asbestkörperchengehalt der bronchoalveolären Lavageflüssigkeit als Parameter einer erhöhten Asbestbelastung der Lunge<sup>*</sup> (2008)

Pulmonary asbestos burdens are usually determined by quantitative pulmonary dust analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) for this purpose. First, the upper limit of normal for asbestos bodies (AB) in BAL fluid was established using a reference group of 371 patients with no evidence of increased exposure to asbestos. 99% of these patients had less than 0.5 AB/ml. In order to see whether BAL fluid AB concentration reflected pulmonary tissue content, BAL fluid and lung tissue from a further 64 patients with diverse histories of asbestos exposure were investigated. There was a positive association between AB concentration in BAL fluid and lung tissue only for the overall group of 64 patients (r = 0.86; P < 0.001). Twelve of 13 patients with more than 1 AB/ml and ten patients with more than 5 AB/ml had more than 1000 AB/cm3 lung tissue, a value that is usually exceeded in asbestosis. When the upper concentration limit was set at 0.5 AB/ml for BAL fluid and 50 AB/cm3 for lung tissue, only two out of 64 patients had a false positive value (specificity 95%), but eleven patients had false negative results (sensitivity 58%). These investigations establish that concentrations of > or = 0.5 AB/ml are a reliable indicator of increased asbestos exposure and concentrations > 1 AB/ml are associated with a higher probability of having more than 1000 AB/cm3 lung tissue. However, exclusion of increased asbestos exposure is not possible on the basis of negative BAL findings, since the sensitivity of the method is too low.
A 32nm tunnel FET SRAM for ultra low leakage (2012)

This paper describes the applicability of Tunnel FETs to commercial embedded Static Random-Access Memories (SRAM). Numerical device simulations were used first to optimize the performance of the TFET. The optimized TFETs show a steeper subthreshold slope than CMOS leading to a 5 orders of magnitude reduction in standby current. A look-up table model for circuit simulation of the TFET was developed based on characteristics obtained from TCAD simulations. A TFET SRAM cell is proposed and its stability is analyzed. Our novel 8T TFET SRAM cell operates at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =1V. The Read and Write Static Noise Margins are evaluated at 120mV and 200mV, with the operation speed of 300MHz and 1GHz in read and write respectively. The cell leakage is less than 10fA at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =1V. Our results show that TFETs are excellent candidates for embedded SRAMs due to their Ultra-Low Standby Power (LSTP).
Specific features of formation of GaAs nanowire crystals during molecular beam epitaxy on different silicon surfaces (2008)

The results of experimental studies on the growth and the morphological and structural properties of GaAs nanowire crystals on different silicon surfaces are reported. It is shown that the nonplanar geometrical layout of growth allows the production of epitaxial nanowire crystals in a system with a large lattice mismatch. The growth on porous substrates, the role of the surface orientation, high-temperature annealing, and presence of an oxide layer at the surface, and some other effects typical of growth of III–V nanowire crystals on the Si surface are studied and analyzed. Intense emission from the array of GaAs nanowire crystals grown on the Si (111) surface is observed.
Circadian control of root elongation and C partitioning in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2011)

Plants grow in a light/dark cycle. We have investigated how growth is buffered against the resulting changes in the carbon supply. Growth of primary roots of Arabidopsis seedlings was monitored using time-resolved video imaging. The average daily rate of growth is increased in longer light periods or by addition of sugars. It responds slowly over days when the conditions are changed. The momentary rate of growth exhibits a robust diel oscillation with a minimum 8-9 h after dawn and a maximum towards the end of the night. Analyses with starch metabolism mutants show that starch turnover is required to maintain growth at night. A carbon shortfall leads to an inhibition of growth, which is not immediately reversed when carbon becomes available again. The diel oscillation persists in continuous light and is strongly modified in clock mutants. Central clock functions that depend on CCA1/LHY are required to set an appropriate rate of starch degradation and maintain a supply of carbon to support growth through to dawn, whereas ELF3 acts to decrease growth in the light period and promote growth in the night. Thus, while the overall growth rate depends on the carbon supply, the clock orchestrates diurnal carbon allocation and growth.
Abstract 5741: Dexamethasone suppresses cytokine-induced dual oxidase 2 and VEGF-A expression in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and pancreatic cancer growth in xenografts (2018)

Abstract Chronic pancreatic inflammation is strongly associated with pancreatic cancer. We previously demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines interact to produce a DUOX2 -dependent, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related, pro-oxidant milieu that could increase the pathologic potential of pancreatic inflammation, enhancing malignant transformation. Furthermore, we have shown that DUOXuox2 expression is upregulated in patients with chronic pancreatitis as well as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Dexamethasone (Dex) has been reported to inhibit PDAC invasiveness, the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in genetically-engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer, as well as epithelial to mesenchymal transition in PDACs, and local tumor recurrence and metastasis in vivo. Using cultured human pancreatic cancer cell lines, we found that in a dose- and time-dependent fashion Dex inhibited cytokine (IFN-γ/LPS, IL-4, and IL-17)-mediated up-regulation of DUOXuox2 and VEGF-A expression in several human pancreatic cancer cell lines, including BxPC-3, ASPC-1, and CFPAC-1. Dex pretreatment also blocked DUOX2-related DNA double strand breaks (detected as activated γH2AX) and the expression of HIF-1α in PDAC cells treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. The effects of Dex were abolished by pre-treatment with the Dex antagonist RU-486. As expected, we did not observe anti-proliferative effects of Dex on PDAC cells in vitro. However, Dex strongly repressed DUOXuox2 mRNA and protein expression as well as the growth of xenografts initiated from BxPC-3 cells; in contrast, for the MIA-Paca line that is unresponsive to cytokines in culture, Dex produced no effect on DUOXuox2 expression and tumor growth when these cells were grown as xenografts. Examination of the human DUOXuox2 promotor in silico revealed a putative negative glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding element. Western analysis, using nuclear extracts from pancreatic cancer cells treated with Dex, revealed that both activated glucocorticoid receptor and certain co-repressors, such as NCOR-1/2 and histone deacetylases (HDAC1, 2, and 3) exist in human pancreatic cancer cell nuclei. Our ongoing experiments are focused on understanding the molecular mechanism of Dex-mediated DUOXuox2 repression both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, these studies suggest that cytokine-related oxidant stress, generated by Duox2, could play a role in the progression of pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Yongzhong Wu, James H. Doroshow. Dexamethasone suppresses cytokine-induced dual oxidase 2 and VEGF-A expression in human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and pancreatic cancer growth in xenografts [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5741.