gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate-Limiting Steps in Selenium Assimilation and Volatilization by Indian Mustard1 (1998)

Se can be accumulated by plants and volatilized to dimethylselenide, providing an attractive technology for Se phytoremediation. To determine the rate-limiting steps in Se volatilization from selenate and selenite, time- and concentration-dependent kinetics of Se accumulation and volatilization were studied in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea). Time-dependent kinetic studies showed that selenate was taken up 2-fold faster than selenite. Selenate was rapidly translocated to the shoot, away from the root, the site of volatilization, whereas only approximately 10% of the selenite was translocated. For both selenate- and selenite-supplied plants, Se accumulation and volatilization increased linearly with external Se concentration up to 20 &mgr;M; volatilization rates were also linearly correlated with root Se concentrations. Se-volatilization rates were 2- to 3-fold higher from plants supplied with selenite compared with selenate. Se speciation by x-ray absorption spectroscopy revealed that selenite-supplied plants accumulated organic Se, most likely selenomethionine, whereas selenate-supplied plants accumulated selenate. Our data suggest that Se volatilization from selenate is limited by the rate of selenate reduction, as well as by the availability of Se in roots, as influenced by uptake and translocation. Se volatilization from selenite may be limited by selenite uptake and by the conversion of selenomethionine to dimethylselenide.
The Effects of Entrapped Grit on the Thermomechanical Fatigue Properties of a Pt-Al Superalloy Coating (2001)

Superalloy specimens were treated in different manners prior to applying a platinum aluminide coating by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Experiments were conducted to measure the effects of the various prealuminizing treatments on the thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) life of the coated specimens. The largest effect on the fatigue crack resistance was specimen immersion in a molten caustic solution prior to coating application. The primary reason for the increase in coating life because of this variable was determined to be the removal of grit particles embedded in the surface during routine processing prior to the application of the Pt-Al coating. This was verified by extensive microstructural examination and electron microscopy. Included are discussions on the relative effects of expected service life for gas turbine components subjected to these variables during routine manufacturing processing.
Novel snack inspired from the traditional Egyptian kishk Saeedi: Compositional, microbiological and microstructural qualities (2014)

Kishk Sa'eedi (KS) is a homemade fermented wheat-based stable food that has been produced and eaten in Upper Egypt since the time of ancient Egyptians. Despite KS is part of the rich food heritage of Egypt it has, for the first time, been subjected to a full scientific investigation within the framework of the EC funded AFTER Project (African Food Tradition rEvistited by Research). The high nutritional as well as functional quality of the traditional KS, calls for an innovative research to produce second generation KS products that are adapted to the preferences of the modern consumer and to the demands of modernity. The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel cereal-based snack inspired from KS and to investigate the proximate chemical composition (i.e. moisture, protein, ash, acidity, and minerals), and the microbial quality. The microstructure properties of the new product were investigated as well. The new KS snack was made from a dough containing salt, cumin, mixture of butter milk and full fat milk (inoculated by cutler of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus gasseri, Lactococcus lactis subsp lactis), and either parboiled whole wheat (PWW) or soaked then parboiled whole wheat (SPWW). After fermentation, the dough was shaped, dried and grounded to a powder. The chemical composition (g/kg on dry matter basis) of the novel KS snack fell within the following ranges: moisture 9.7- 11.2, protein 18.3-21.7%, and ash 7.43-10.63%. KS snack was good dietary source of fiber and minerals besides being a way for youth to become engaged with their traditions, culture, and health through food. The microstructure analysis of the KS snack was consistent with that reported for relevant snack. (Texte integral)
Testing, abstraction, theorem proving (2006)

We present a method for static program analysis that leverages tests and concrete program executions. State abstractions generalize the set of program states obtained from concrete executions. A theorem prover then checks that the generalized set of concrete states covers all potential executions and satisfies additional safety properties. Our method finds the same potential errors as the mostprecise abstract interpreter for a given abstraction and is potentially more efficient. Additionally, it provides a new way to tune the performance of the analysis by alternating between concrete execution and theorem proving. We have implemented our technique in a prototype for checking properties of C# programs.
Cognitive Impairment No Dementia – Neuropsychological and Neuroimaging Characterization of an Amnestic Subgroup (2008)

A prospective amnestic CIND grouping appears to identify individuals with a multidomain pattern of neuropsychological impairment and with both medial temporal lobe and global brain atrophy.
Field distribution and radiation field of finite axial slots on circular waveguides (1981)

The field distribution on a finite axial slot is determined from that of a semi-infinite axial slot, using a multiple reflection technique. It involves enforcing the continuity of the transverse field components, at the common boundaries between the solid and the slotted sections of the waveguides, to determine the mode coefficients of reflected and transmitted waves. The steps for determining these coefficients are similar to the case of a semi-infinite axial slot, but are repeated at both slot ends to express the slot field in terms of higher-order reflections. For practical waveguides, of radius a > 0.35 λ, only the first-order reflections are significant and are used to compute the slot field for various slot parameters. Using the known slot fields, the radiation fields of a single slot and an array of axial slots are also determined.
New diagnostic test for high risk of breast cancer in Poland (2011)

It is a primary goal in clinical cancer genetics to identify in a population the full range of mutant alleles that predispose to breast cancer (or to another cancer) and then to offer a rapid and inexpensive genetic assay to test for these alleles in a single setting. Many challenges are raised by this approach.. The genetic test must be accurate, rapid and cost effective. If a disease-associated mutation is found, presymptomatic testing of other family members for the specific mutation is possible . In Poland the three founder mutations in BRCA1 (C61G, 4153delA, 5382insC) account for 86% of all BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. Mutations in BRCA2 are relatively rare in Poland and no founder BRCA2 mutations have been identified. Several other rare mutations in the BRCA1/2 genes have been found in Polish families with occurrence of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Application of Sequenom mutation detection platform, critically improved screening of broad Polish BRCA1/2 genes mutations spectrum. We have developed diagnostic test focused on 25 Polish recurrent BRCA1/2 genes mutations . Mutation detection method was based on automated MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry in Sequenom MassArray™ system using iPLEX GOLD assay reactions that ends after a Single Base Extension.
Fragment‐Based Drug Discovery (2015)

Since its inception, fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) has clearly demonstrated its value as an efficient drug discovery process. As fragment libraries are by far smaller than classical screening collections, evolving the library toward more privileged structures is by far easier to accomplish. This chapter describes a selection of established biophysical techniques including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray crystallography, differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF), and mass spectrometry (MS), with an emphasis on chemical microarray SPR and noncovalent mass spectrometry. Once a hit has been found, it is optimized into a lead by several different strategies: linking, growing, or merging. The strategy that has been more successful is to grow fragments in a highly rational, structure-guided approach. The chapter presents a number of case studies in order to clearly demonstrate the way of working within the FBDD process.
Investigation of moth-eye antireflection coatings for photovoltaic cover glass using fdtd modeling method (2014)

The need for photovoltaic coverglass coatings that are both broadband antireflective and omni-directional has led to the development of biomimetic moth-eye type graded index of refraction surfaces. In this study, we evaluate generic nanostructured coatings derived using both top-down and bottom-up approaches. It is found that top-down coatings are able to achieve an average reflectance of 0.10%, while bottom-up approaches only achieve an average reflectance of 0.7%. However, the decreased reflectance may not be compelling enough to justify the cost-intensive processing in top-down approaches.
Antimony and chromium determination in Brazilian sugar cane spirit, cachaça, by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using matrix matching calibration and ruthenium as permanent modifier (2003)

This work reports a method for the determination of antimony and chromium in Brazilian sugar cane spirit, cachaça, by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET-AAS) employing matrix matching calibration and ruthenium, thermally deposited (500 µg), as permanent modifier. The best pyrolysis and atomisation temperatures were 600 °C and 1400 °C for antimony while for chromium it was 700 °C and 2500 °C, respectively. For chromium, the peak returned to the baseline after 15 s in the absence of any modifier, whilst using Ru as permanent modifier, the peak returned to the baseline in 5 s, showing high symmetry. The characteristic mass (mo) obtained for chromium was 2.4 pg without modifier and 2.5 pg with Ru permanent (recommended 8.0 pg). For antimony it was 43.4 pg and 24.6 pg without modifier and with Ru permanent, respectively (recommended 200 pg). Matrix matching calibration curves (aqueous solutions 40% v/v in ethanol) gave a value of r (linear regression coefficient) higher than 0.999 for the two analytes. For antimony, two samples of cachaça spiked with 30.0, 60.0 and 90.0 µg l−1 showed a range of recovery from 98.8% to 110.0%, while for chromium it was from 101.7% to 107.9%. The detection limits (k = 3, n = 10) were 43 pg for antimony and 2 pg for chromium. The results obtained from analysis of fifty-two samples of cachaça, from Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, varied from non-detectable to 39.1 µg l−1 for antimony and the RSDs, (n = 3), from 2.87% to 11.10%. For chromium, the same samples showed results from 0.64 to 1.53 µg l−1 (RSDs from 0.04% to 11.76%).
Strategies and Benefits of Fusion of 2D and 3D Face Recognition (2006)

The extension of 2D image-based face recognition methods with respect to 3D shape information and the fusion of both modalities is one of the main topics in the recent development of facial recognition. In this paper we discuss different strategies and their expected benefit for the fusion of 2D and 3D face recognition. The face recognition grand challenge (FRGC) provides for the first time ever a public benchmark dataset of a suitable size to evaluate the accuracy of both 2D and 3D face recognition. We use this benchmark to evaluate hierarchical graph matching (HGM), an universal approach to 2D and 3D face recognition, and demonstrate the benefit of different fusion strategies. The results show that HGM yields the best results presented at the recent FRGC workshop, that 2D face recognition is significantly more accurate than 3D face recognition and that the fusion of both modalities leads to a further improvement of the 2D results.
The Reduction of Redundancy in Solving Prime Implicant Tables (1962)

This paper is primarily concerned with finding, in the most efficient possible way, the set of all solutions to a cyclic prime implicant table. (A solution is a set of rows such that every column contains at least one marked entry in a row belonging to the set and such that no row can be deleted from the set without destroying this property.) Extensive use is made of the relationship between this and the problem of efficiently reducing a Boolean frontal function from the form of a product of sums of single literals to a sum of products. The transformation methods commonly in use today have the disadvantage that they tend to introduce duplicate and redundant products. (A redundant product includes at least one row which can be removed, and the remaining rows will still constitute a solution.) Several methods which appreciably reduce the number of such redundancies are presented. One of these methods (called row branching), applies repeatedly the algebraic transformation f = af(α = 1) + f(μ= 0) where μ is the Boolean variable corresponding to a row of the table, and f is the function corresponding to the given table. The mechanism by which a redundant solution is generated is described. The paper includes other useful transformation procedures such as, for example, a tabular method in which redundancies are avoided systematically at each step.
Photophysical Consequences of Coupling Bacteriochlorophyll a with Serine and its Resulting Solubility in Water¶ (2000)

We investigated the dependence on solvents of optical absorption and emission of the bacteriochlorophyll a-serine (BChl-ser), a water soluble bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) derivative. Comparison between the experimental data and those collected for BChl in nonaqueous solvents shows that only a minor interaction takes place between serine and the macrocycle's pi-electron system. Nevertheless, the coupling with serine results in a small enhancement of the nonradiative relaxation rate from the first excited singlet state S1. In buffered aqueous solution (pH = 7.4), the Stokes shift of the BChl-ser fluorescence and its nonradiative relaxation rate are enhanced compared with those in nonaqueous solutions (Scherz, A., S. Katz, Y. Vakrat, V. Brumfeld, E. Gabelmann, D. Leupold, J. R. Norris, H. Scheer and Y. Salomon (1998) Photosynthesis: Mechanisms and Effects, Vol. V (Edited by G. Garab), pp. 4207-4212. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht.), probably as a result of a hydrogen bonding between the BChl macrocycle and the water molecules. In aprotic solvents, without hydrogen bonds, the permanent dipole moment of the first excited singlet state in both BChl and BChl-ser is increased compared with the ground state by at least 2.5 Debye.
Spin- and charge-density oscillations in spin chains and quantum wires (2000)

We analyze the spin- and charge-density oscillations near impurities in spin chains and quantum wires. These so-called Friedel oscillations give detailed information about the impurity and also about the interactions in the system. The temperature dependence of these oscillations explicitly shows the renormalization of backscattering and conductivity, which we analyze for a number of different impurity models. We are also able to analyze screening effects in one dimension. The relation to the Kondo effect and experimental consequences are discussed.
A Method to Chase Changes of Depth Profiles of Conversion in Thick Layers of UV Curable Resin Using Real-Time FT-IR Method (2002)

厚膜塗布されたUV硬化性樹脂の硬化反応中のデプスプロファイル変化を，リアルタイムで記録，評価する方法が開発された。この方法は，水平ATRプリズム上に置かれたUV硬化性樹脂が垂直UV光によって硬化反応する際の赤外吸収スペクトル変化をリアルタイムFT-IRを用いて追跡することを基にしている。これによって，厚膜UV硬化性樹脂中の任意の深さにおける硬化反応率をリアルタイムで記録することができ，さらには硬化反応率のデプスプロファイルの経時変化を解析することができる。このことはメタクリル酸エステル系の光硬化性樹脂を用いて実証された。
TimeEvolution ofEntanglement; anexample inCavity QED. (2005)

Weinvestigate theoretically andexperimentally entanglement inaweakly driven cavity QEDsystem with correlation functions commonly encountered inquantum optics. e2003Optical Society ofAmerica OCIScodes: (270.0270) Quantum Optics; (270.2500)Fluctuations;
IMPACT OF DRYING PROCESSES ON BIOACTIVE PHENOLICS, VITAMIN C AND ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF RED-FLESHED APPLE SLICES (2011)

ABSTRACT The impact of drying (air-, oven- and vacuum-drying) on bioactive polyphenolics, vitamin C and antioxidant capacity of slices of “Redfield” apple, a red-fleshed apple cultivar, was investigated. The drying process significantly impacted the concentration of specific phenolic compounds and vitamin C concentration in dried slices. The loss of epicatechin, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, phloridzin and quercetin glycosides occurred during oven-drying. The concentration of all the phenolic compounds in vacuum-dried apple slices at 20C for 24 h was comparable to that of fresh apple slices. Antioxidant capacity measured by oxygen radical absorption capacity was significantly reduced by the oven-drying as compared to other drying methods. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS These results suggested that vacuum-drying offers a great potential for preserving bioactive compounds during dehydration process for obtaining nonfried apple chips. Red-fleshed apples have potential for use in value-added snack product manufacturing because of the presence of anthocyanins in the flesh. However, nonuniform color distribution in red-fleshed apples is an issue for quality measurement.
Optimization of A SigmaDelta Modulator by the USE of A Slow ADC (2009)

A 1 bit sigma-delta modulator (????M) with a loop delay t (conversion time of the ADC) is considered. dl Its idle channel pattern - which is calculated by using the ??;modif:led z-transform?? - is influenced by the loop delay time. An optimization of this delay time yields a minimized signal power at the input of the quantizer and an improved signal-to-noise ratio at the output of the sigma-delta modulator. Optimum performance is achieved for t dl = 0.25??T (T = sample period). Numerous simulations verify these results. The use of a slow ADC can hence be advantageous.
Performance analysis of Root-Music (1989)

The authors analyze the performance of Root-Music, a variation of the MUSIC algorithm, for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) of plane waves in white noise in the case of a linear equispaced sensor array. The performance of the method is analyzed by examining the perturbation in the roots of the polynomial formed in the intermediate step of Root-Music. In particular, asymptotic results for the mean squared error in the estimates of the direction of arrival are derived. Simplified expressions are presented for the one- and two-source case and compared to those obtained for least-squares ESPRIT. Computer simulations are also presented, and they are in close agreement with the theory. An important outcome of this analysis is the fact that the error in the signal zeros has a largely radial component. This provides an explanation as to why the Root-Music is superior to the spectral MUSIC algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silica microspheres for biomolecular detection applications (2005)

Microsphere-based biosensors have been attracting the attention of the photonics community due to their high sensitivity, selectivity and implementation. Microspheres, with their high quality-factor (Q-factor) morphology dependent resonances, are very sensitive to refractive index and size changes. The perturbation of the microsphere morphology dependent resonances can be used for the detection of biomolecules. Adsorption of different biomolecules on the surface of microspheres causes a change of effective size and refractive index leading to the shift of resonance wavelengths. A biosensor, based on this phenomenon, can detect a single molecule sensitively depending on the configuration that needs to be designed and optimised. Silica with a refractive index of 1.5, which is very close to that of bimolecular agents, is a suitable photonic material to use for biosensing applications. The transverse electric and transverse magnetic elastic scattering spectra at 90 degrees and 0 degrees are calculated at 1.55 microm with the associated shifts after adding a layer on it. 90 degrees scattering is used to monitor the scattered signal, whereas 0 degrees scattering is used to monitor the transmission signal.
Imaging of a macroscopic plasma display panel cell (2002)

In this paper, we present results from the imaging of a macroscopic plasma display discharge cell obtained with an intensified charge coupled device using infrared optical filters. The macro-cell geometry is identical to that of a plasma display panel (PDP) cell with a coplanar electrode configuration, but the macro-cell dimensions are about 60 times larger than those of a real cell and the operating pressure is 60 times lower. The similarity laws are not expected to be fully valid, but the macro-cell provides a very good insight in the physics of a PDP cell and can help optimizing the discharge efficiency and validate the models.
Gelled Polymerizable Microemulsions. 2. Microstructure (2008)

Using bicontinuous microemulsions as templates opens a new field for the design of novel structures and thus novel materials, but has significant challenges due to the very small composition and temperature windows in which microemulsions are bicontinuous. In previous work we had shown that we can take a ternary base system (water-n-dodecane--C 13/15E 5), add monomer and cross-linker ( N-isopropylacrylamide and N, N'-methylenebisacrylamide) to the water phase, and add a gelator (12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid) to the oil phase while remaining in the one-phase region of the phase diagram. It was also possible to allow the gelator to form an organogel by changing the temperature such that we crossed the sol--gel line, which fell within the one-phase region. In this work, we show conclusively that addition of the monomers and the gelator does not affect the microemulsion microstructure and that, even in the gelled state, the polymerizable microemulsion is indeed bicontinuous. 1H NMR self-diffusion, conductivity, and small-angle neutron scattering measurements all confirm the bicontinuous nature of the gelled polymerizable microemulsion.
Magneto-optical and magnetic study of amorphous U-As, U-As-Cu, and U-As-Ti films (1992)

Magneto-optical and magnetic properties are presented in sputtered amorphous thin films of U-As, U-As-Cu, and U-As-Ti. Included are magnetization, Hall effect, resistivity, and polar Kerr-rotation measurements. The U-As films show maximum magnetization and Curie-temperature values at x\ensuremath{\simeq}57 at. % U concentration. The largest Kerr rotation of -2.7\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} is measured in ${\mathrm{U}}_{61}$${\mathrm{As}}_{39}$ at 1.1 eV. The Kerr response in the U-As-Cu films is much smaller reaching -1.05\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} at 1.05 eV in ${\mathrm{U}}_{43}$${\mathrm{As}}_{28}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{29}$. Maximum Kerr rotation in the U-As-Ti films is -1.45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} at 1.3 eV in ${\mathrm{U}}_{42}$${\mathrm{As}}_{49}$${\mathrm{Ti}}_{09}$. At U concentrations x55 at. %, the U-As system shows phase separation into two amorphous phases, presumably a metallic UAs and a semiconducting ${\mathrm{UAs}}_{2}$ phase. In the U-As-Cu system, for [U]/[As] ratio \ensuremath{\simeq}0.7, magneto-optical evidence for such a phase separation is presented as well. The U-As-Ti films, however, do not show any indication of phase separation in the composition range investigated. It is concluded that the addition of Cu to U-As does not change the local coordination of the U atoms, while the addition of Ti changes the local coordination of the U atoms to a configuration as in U-As with high [U]/[As] ratios. A formula for the influence of the substrate on the Kerr rotation is derived.