gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Bishop of Birmingham (2018)

An inaugural lecture ought really to be given by one who is technically competent to survey the whole field of this conference. The therapeutic value of religion depends entirely upon its ability to contribute to the relief of the mental anguish and physical suffering that accompany physical disease, a mental distress and social maladjustment. The real cause of most human suffering and unhappiness is fear that fundamental emotion associated with the instinct of flight that so valuably served our primitive ancestors as a survival-reaction, but which has come to be associated with the modern defence-reaction of civilized races, the flight from reality. Civilization is gradually lessening man’s opportunity for experiment and adventure, but religion—at least, a true vision of the teachings of Christ – opens before man vistas of universal dimensions and transcendant grandeur. In imagination the depressed soul looks at a universe he hopes subsequently to journey through as a translated spirit-personality.
Investigation of Two Gas Chromatographic Techniques for the Determination of Organophosphate Pesticide Residues (1964)

Abstract Gas chromatography has been used in a recovery study for the development of a cleanup procedure for organophosphate pesticide residues in various crops. The effluent from one column was divided evenly between two detectors to obtain a dual analysis. A sodium thermionic detector, highly sensitive to phosphorus compounds, was used to give quantitative recovery data. A flame ionization detector was used to determine the efficiency of the cleanup.
Which path to Persia?: options for a new American strategy toward Iran (2010)

Crafting a new policy toward Iran is a complicated, uncertain, and perilous challenge. Since it is an extremely complex society, with an opaque political system, it is no wonder that the United States has not yet figured out the puzzle that is Iran. With the clock ticking on Iran's pursuit of nuclear capabilities, solving this puzzle is more urgent than ever. In Which Path to Persia? a group of experts with the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at Brookings lays out the courses of action available to the United States. What are the benefits and drawbacks of airstrikes? Can engagement be successful? Is regime change possible? In answering such questions, the authors do not argue for one approach over another. Instead, they present the details of the policies so that readers can understand the complexity of the challenge and decide for themselves which course the United States should take.
Having It Both Ways: How Charter Schools Try to Obtain Funding of Public Schools and the Autonomy of Private Schools (2013)

Chemotherapy is the mainstay in cancer treatment; however, its application is clinically limited to patients with multidrug resistance (MDR). MDR reverses the role of chemotherapy through significant attribution to pharmacokinetic characteristics, where ATP-binding cassette transporter proteins, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), pump out the intracellularly transported chemotherapeutics from the cancer cells. Therefore, overexpression of such receptors on MDR cancer cell surfaces tends to decrease the efficacy of a large number of existing chemotherapeutics. P-gp inhibitors, especially of natural origin, play a vital role in enhancing the cellular concentration of clinically applicable chemotherapeutics. Therefore, co-administration of these natural P-gp inhibitors with chemotherapeutics could improve chemotherapeutic efficacy against MDR cancer, which has been evidenced in the literature. Co-delivery of these therapeutic components can effectively be made using the emerging nanotechnology platform, which could facilitate controlled delivery of the incorporated components to the cancerous microenvironment, through passive and active targeting. Thereby, cellular retention of chemotherapeutic agents by the P-gp mediated inhibitory effect on the efflux pump using the nanocarrier co-delivery platform could improve the anticancer potential of the chemotherapeutics. This review has presented the advancement of naturally occurring P-gp inhibitors as a promising adjuvant in chemotherapy to modulate the pharmacokinetic properties of chemotherapeutic agents using the nanotechnology platform.
Strategy for ENVISAT radar altimetry cross-calibration and validation (2002)

The next ESA Earth Observation Satellite, ENVISAT, to be launched mid-2001, will carry a new generation radar altimeter (RA-2) and a microwave radiometer (MWR). RA-2 provides improved measurement performances and many new capabilities which will benefit the science and application community. With almost two decades of altimetric measurements acquired by ESA, long term evolution of parameters playing a key role in climate change can be addressed. This requires homogeneous data sets intercalibrated at the millimeter level. The ENVISAT RA2/MWR Cross-Calibration and Validation Team has been formed to cross-calibrate the RA-2 and MWR on ERS-2 and validate the user level geophysical products.
HyperTransport Architecture (2003)

From the Publisher:

HyperTransport (HT) technology promises to revolutionize connectivity for computers, servers, embedded systems, and networking and tele-communications equipment. It is a high-speed, low latency, point-to-point, packetized link that enables chips to transfer data at peak rates of up to 12.8 Gigabytes per second, far greater than existing bus technologies. Furthermore, HyperTransport improves reliability and reduces board design complexity. It is scalable and compatible with legacy PC buses, SNA, and PCI.

HyperTransport System Architecture provides a comprehensive, technical guide to HyperTransport technology. It opens with an overview of HT systems, highlighting the technology's fundamental principles, basic architecture, and its many advantages. The book goes on to detail all facets of HyperTransport systems, including the protocol, I/O, routing, configuration, and more. It also features important performance considerations and addresses critical compatibility issues.

Essential topics covered include:

Signal groups
Packet protocol, covering control and data packets
HT flow control, and how it differs from PCI flow control
I/O ordering rules, including upstream, downstream, and host ordering requirements
Interrupts, error detection, and error handling
HT system management
Routing packets, covering point-to-point topology and HT's fairness algorithm
Device configuration
The electrical environment, including power requirements and signaling characteristics
HyperTransport bridges
Double-hosted chains
Anticipated networking extensions
PCI, PCI-X, AGP, and X86 compatibility issues


A chapter is dedicated to transaction examples illustrating the practical application of HyperTransport technology.

A MindShare PC System Architecture Series book, HyperTransport System Architecture provides complete, authoritative, and detailed information necessary for developers, networking professionals, and anyone interested in implementing and deploying HT systems.

MindShare's PC System Architecture Series is a crisply written and comprehensive set of guides to the most important PC hardwarestandards.Books in the series are intended for use by hardware and software designers, programmers, and support personnel. Each title explains the architecture, features, and operations of systems built using one particular type of chip or hardware specification.


0321168453B02032003
Solution-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Biaryl Amides Using Girard's Reagent T as an Acid Chloride Scavenger (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTSolution-Phase Synthesis of a Library of Biaryl Amides Using Girard's Reagent T as an Acid Chloride ScavengerSanghee Kim, Hyojin Ko, Shinae Kim, and Taeho LeeView Author Information Natural Products Research Institute, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 28 Yungun, Jongro, Seoul 110-460, Korea Cite this: J. Comb. Chem. 2002, 4, 6, 549–551Publication Date (Web):September 28, 2002Publication History Received24 June 2002Published online28 September 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cc020044zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cc020044zbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views438Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Anions,Aromatic compounds,Mixtures,Reagents Get e-Alerts
Microstrip fractal antennas for multistandard terminals (2004)

A novel microstrip patch antenna with a Koch prefractal edge and a U-shaped slot is proposed for multi-standard use in GSM1800, UMTS, and HiperLAN2. Making use of an inverted-F antenna (PIFA) structure, an interesting size reduction is achieved. The multi-band behavior has been obtained by broadening the lower frequency resonance of the fractal patch to cover GSM1800 and UMTS, and inserting a U-slot dimensioned for the HiperLAN2 band. The effect of the small ground plane has been taken into account. Experimental results have validated the design procedure and confirm the fulfillment of the requirements for multistandard mobile terminal applications.
A Case of Hyperplastic Dermatosis of the West Highland White Terrier Controlled by Recombinant Canine Interferon-.GAMMA. Therapy (2007)

A 3.5-year-old, male West Highland White Terrier was diagnosed as having hyperplastic dermatosis by clinical and histopathological findings. Controlling of Malassezia overgrowth by antifungal drugs provided a temporal improvement of the skin lesions, but the disease was deteriorated within the next 2 months despite the negative demonstration of the yeasts. Induction of recombinant canine interferon-gamma (rCaIFN-gamma) therapy resulted in almost complete cure of the skin lesions within 2 months after the initiation of the therapy. No adverse effects were detected during the therapy. Our results suggested that the rCaIFN-gamma therapy is potential to be a novel therapeutic option for controlling the breed-specific hyperplastic skin disease.
Liquid-Crystal Diffraction Grating (1972)

Application of an electric field to a thin layer of nematic liquid-crystal causes the formation of a lattice of cylindrical lenses within the liquid-crystal material. An expression for the far-field diffraction pattern of light transmitted through this lattice is derived. The observed diffraction pattern agrees with that predicted by the theory.
Synthesis of a novel hybrid liquid‐crystalline rod–coil diblock copolymer (2003)

Abstract A series of novel rod–coil diblock copolymers on the basis of mesogen‐jacketed liquid‐crystalline polymer were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization from the flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) macroinitiator. The hybrid diblock copolymers, poly{2,5‐bis[(4‐methoxyphenyl)oxycarbonyl]styrene}‐ block ‐polydimethylsiloxane, had number‐average molecular weights ( M n 's) ranging from 9500 to 30,900 and relatively narrow polydispersities (≤1.34). The polymerization proceeded with first‐order kinetics. Data from differential scanning calorimetry validated the microphase separation of the diblock copolymers. All block copolymers exhibited thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior except for the one with M n being 9500. Four liquid‐crystalline diblock copolymers with PDMS weight fractions of more than 18% had two distinctive glass‐transition temperatures. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 1799–1806, 2003
Periodic Breathing in Infants With Near-Miss Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (1979)

Twelve-hour nocturnal home recordings of respiration and heart rates were obtained during sleep in 32 infants with near-miss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and in 32 control infants, and the recordings were analyzed for periodic breathing. An episode of periodic breathing was defined as three or more apneic pauses of three or more seconds. The duration of respirations interrupting the pauses was 20 seconds or less. Analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (P less than .001) between the two groups, using criteria of percent of periodic breathing episodes, number of periodic breathing episodes/100 min of recorded sleep time, average duration of all episodes, and duration of the longest episode of periodic breathing. It is concluded that periodic breathing is present in excessive amounts during sleep in infants with near-miss sudden infant death syndrome.
2R,3R-Butanediol, a Bacterial Volatile Produced by <i>Pseudomonas chlororaphis</i> O6, Is Involved in Induction of Systemic Tolerance to Drought in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2008)

Root colonization of plants with certain rhizobacteria, such as Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, induces tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Tolerance to drought was correlated with reduced water loss in P. chlororaphis O6-colonized plants and with stomatal closure, indicated by size of stomatal aperture and percentage of closed stomata. Stomatal closure and drought resistance were mediated by production of 2R,3R-butanediol, a volatile metabolite of P. chlororaphis O6. Root colonization with bacteria deficient in 2R,3R-butanediol production showed no induction of drought tolerance. Studies with Arabidopsis mutant lines indicated that induced drought tolerance required the salicylic acid (SA)-, ethylene-, and jasmonic acid-signaling pathways. Both induced drought tolerance and stomatal closure were dependent on Aba-1 and OST-1 kinase. Increases in free SA after drought stress of P. chlororaphis O6-colonized plants and after 2R,3R-butanediol treatment suggested a primary role for SA signaling in induced drought tolerance. We conclude that the bacterial volatile 2R,3R-butanediol was a major determinant in inducing resistance to drought in Arabidopsis through an SA-dependent mechanism.
Physiological Basis of Cystic Fibrosis: A Historical Perspective (1999)

Physiological Basis of Cystic Fibrosis: A Historical Perspective. Physiol. Rev. 79, Suppl.: S3-S22, 1999. - Cystic fibrosis made a relatively late entry into medical physiology, although references to conditions probably reflecting the disease can be traced back well into the Middle Ages. This review begins with the origins of recognition of the symptoms of this genetic disease and proceeds to briefly review the early period of basic research into its cause. It then presents the two apparently distinct faces of cystic fibrosis: 1) as that of a mucus abnormality and 2) as that of defects in electrolyte transport. It considers principal findings of the organ and cell pathophysiology as well as some of the apparent conflicts and enigmas still current in understanding the disease process. It is written from the perspective of the author, whose career spans back to much of the initial endeavors to explain this fatal mutation.
Analysis of the uplink teletraffic behaviour in CDMA cellular systems (2002)

The paper analyses the teletraffic behaviour of the mobile to cell site link in code division multiple access (CDMA) cellular mobile systems. The analysis models such systems as a network of queues to derive a general solution for traffic handling capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topology of the Maize Mixed Linkage (1→3),(1→4)-β-D-Glucan Synthase at the Golgi Membrane (2004)

Mixed-linkage (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-d-glucan is a plant cell wall polysaccharide composed of cellotriosyl and cellotetraosyl units, with decreasingly smaller amounts of cellopentosyl, cellohexosyl, and higher cellodextrin units, each connected by single (1-->3)-beta-linkages. (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-Glucan is synthesized in vitro with isolated maize (Zea mays) Golgi membranes and UDP-[(14)C]d-glucose. The (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase is sensitive to proteinase K digestion, indicating that part of the catalytic domain is exposed to the cytoplasmic face of the Golgi membrane. The detergent [3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonic acid] (CHAPS) also lowers (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase activity. In each instance, the treatments selectively inhibit formation of the cellotriosyl units, whereas synthesis of the cellotetraosyl units is essentially unaffected. Synthesis of the cellotriosyl units is recovered when a CHAPS-soluble factor is permitted to associate with Golgi membranes at synthesis-enhancing CHAPS concentrations but lost if the CHAPS-soluble fraction is replaced by fresh CHAPS buffer. In contrast to other known Golgi-associated synthases, (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase behaves as a topologic equivalent of cellulose synthase, where the substrate UDP-glucose is consumed at the cytosolic side of the Golgi membrane, and the glucan product is extruded through the membrane into the lumen. We propose that a cellulose synthase-like core catalytic domain of the (1-->3),(1-->4)-beta-glucan synthase synthesizes cellotetraosyl units and higher even-numbered oligomeric units and that a separate glycosyl transferase, sensitive to proteinase digestion and detergent extraction, associates with it to add the glucosyl residues that complete the cellotriosyl and higher odd-numbered units, and this association is necessary to drive polymer elongation.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Petroleum (2000)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical method for determining the structure of an organic material. Developments in NMR have allowed high‐resolution spectra of materials in the solid state to be obtained. Thus, materials that have been intractable, such as kerogens and sedimentary organic matter, can now be characterized for their organic carbon structure. The combination of solid‐ and liquid‐state NMR makes NMR one of the most useful methods for the characterization of petroleum and its products. Petroleum is formed from the maturation of sedimentary organic matter as a result of burial over geological timescales. Everyone is familiar with the products of petroleum, i.e. gasoline, diesel fuels, chemicals, and so on. All these materials, including the petroleum source rock material, can now be studied by NMR, from the genesis of petroleum to finished products such as transportation fuels. In this article, some applications of solid‐ and liquid‐state NMR to the characterization of petroleum source rocks and petroleum end products are described.
Oscillating chemiluminescence systems: state of the art (2010)

This month's featured article; ‘Oscillating chemiluminescence systems: state of the art’ is authored by Mortaza Iranifam, Marcela A. Segundo, João L. M. Santos, José L. F. C. Lima and Mohammad H. Sorouraddin.
Molecular Spectroscopy by Means of ESCA II. Sulfur compounds. Correlation of electron binding energy with structure (1970)

Electron spectra from an extensive series of sulfur compounds have been studied. A correlation has been established between the observed position of inner electron lines of sulfur and structure. The influence of structure on the electron binding energies is discussed in terms of a calculated atomic charge, based on the concepts of electronegativity and partial ionic character of bonds. The results are useful for the study of bonding and structure in sulfur chemistry, and are applied particularly to the discussion of the sulfur-oxygen bond (S=O).
SCOOP--An Improved Submarine Cable Recovery System (1984)

For more than twenty years, acoustically controlled, buoyant subsurface arrays have been utilized by research institutions and industry for mooring, location, and retrieval of oceanographic instruments. Submarine telecommunications cable laying and repair operations typically involve location and retrieval of free cable ends left on the seafloor. In deep water areas, conventional methods for cable-end location and recovery included the use of sea buoys and/or deployment of a length of ground rope for retrieval by grappling. Sea buoys are not normally used for extended time periods, in areas of heavy ship traffic, or where unfavorable meteorological conditions are anticipated. Grappling for ground rope at abyssal depths typically requires between 12 and 24 hours for each recovery attempt, often with multiple grappling runs before the rope is hooked. On transoceanic cable laying programs, where multiple shiploads of cable are laid, numerous cable location and recovery operations are undertaken. Burdened with the high per diem cost of cable ships, a more expeditious and economical cable recovery approach was sought by AT&T Communications. In this paper, development and use of a Submarine Cable Offshore Operational Pickup (SCOOP) System is discussed. SCOOP is an acoustically located and released submersible buoyancy system with the capacity of operating in water depths up to 3300 fathoms.
Adaptive Pid Controller Based On Reinforcement Learning For Wind Turbine Control (2008)

A self tuning PID control strategy using reinforcement learning is proposed in this paper to deal with the control of wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Actor-Critic learning is used to tune PID parameters in an adaptive way by taking advantage of the model-free and on-line learning properties of reinforcement learning effectively. In order to reduce the demand of storage space and to improve the learning efficiency, a single RBF neural network is used to approximate the policy function of Actor and the value function of Critic simultaneously. The inputs of RBF network are the system error, as well as the first and the second-order differences of error. The Actor can realize the mapping from the system state to PID parameters, while the Critic evaluates the outputs of the Actor and produces TD error. Based on TD error performance index and gradient descent method, the updating rules of RBF kernel function and network weights were given. Simulation results show that the proposed controller is efficient for WECS and it is perfectly adaptable and strongly robust, which is better than that of a conventional PID controller.
Experimental Investigation of Surfactant Partition in Heavy Oil/Water/Sand Systems (2008)

Abstract Surfactant adsorption on reservoir rocks or sands is one of the major factors that may significantly reduce the effectiveness of an alkaline/surfactant flood for oil recovery. It is difficult to determine the surfactant adsorption by measuring the difference between surfactant concentrations before and after adsorption when the water phase contains fine oil drops. In this study, an extraction method was used to quantitatively determine the adsorptions of surfactant on sand and at oil-water interfaces in an alkaline/surfactant flood for heavy oil recovery. Experimental results showed that the formation of emulsions dramatically reduced surfactant loss to sand surface. The adsorptions of surfactant on sand and at oil-water interface were determined under various alkaline concentrations and salinities. The results provide useful information for evaluating and predicting surfactant adsorption in alkaline/surfactant flooding for enhanced heavy oil recovery.