gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seed-Specific Heterologous Expression of a Nasturtium <i>FAE</i> Gene in Arabidopsis Results in a Dramatic Increase in the Proportion of Erucic Acid (2004)

The fatty acid elongase [often designated FAE or beta-(or 3-) ketoacyl-CoA synthase] is a condensing enzyme and is the first component of the elongation complex involved in synthesis of erucic acid (22:1) in seeds of garden nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus). Using a degenerate primers approach, a cDNA of a putative embryo FAE was obtained showing high homology to known plant elongases. This cDNA contains a 1,512-bp open reading frame that encodes a protein of 504 amino acids. A genomic clone of the nasturtium FAE was isolated and sequence analyses indicated the absence of introns. Northern hybridization showed the expression of this nasturtium FAE gene to be restricted to the embryo. Southern hybridization revealed the nasturtium beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase to be encoded by a small multigene family. To establish the function of the elongase homolog, the cDNA was introduced into two different heterologous chromosomal backgrounds (Arabidopsis and tobacco [Nicotiana tabacum]) under the control of a seed-specific (napin) promoter and the tandem 35S promoter, respectively. Seed-specific expression resulted in up to an 8-fold increase in erucic acid proportions in Arabidopsis seed oil, while constitutive expression in transgenic tobacco tissue resulted in increased proportions of very long chain saturated fatty acids. These results indicate that the nasturtium FAE gene encodes a condensing enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of very long chain fatty acids, utilizing monounsaturated and saturated acyl substrates. Given its strong and unique preference for elongating 20:1-CoA, the utility of the FAE gene product for directing or engineering increased synthesis of erucic acid is discussed.
Filling in the Roadmap for Self-Consistent Electron Cloud and Gas Modeling (2006)

Electron clouds and gas pressure rise limit the performance of many major accelerators. A multi-laboratory effort to understand the underlying physics via the combined application of experiment, theory, and simulation is underway. We present here the status of the simulation capability development, based on a merge of the three-dimensional parallel Particle-In-Cell (PIC) accelerator code WARP and the electron cloud code POSINST, with additional functionalities. The development of the new capability follows a “roadmap” describing the different functional modules, and their inter-relationships, that are ultimately needed to reach self-consistency. Newly developed functionalities include a novel particle mover bridging the time scales between electron and ion motion, a module to generate neutrals desorbed by beam ion impacts at the wall, and a module to track impact ionization of the gas by beam ions or electrons. Example applications of the new capability to the modeling of electron effects in the High Current Experiment (HCX) are given.
<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> infection regulates CD1 expression in human cells and tissues via IL1‐β (2010)

The appearance of group 1 CD1 proteins (CD1a, CD1b and CD1c) on maturing myeloid DC is a key event that converts myeloid DC to effective lipid APC. Here, we show that Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, triggers appearance of group 1 CD1 proteins at high density on the surface of human myeloid DC during infection. Within human skin, CD1b and CD1c expression was low or absent prior to infection, but increased significantly after experimental infections and in erythema migrans lesions from Lyme disease patients. The induction of CD1 was initiated by borrelial lipids acting through TLR-2 within minutes, but required 3 days for maximum effect. The delay in CD1 protein appearance involved a multi-step process whereby TLR-2 stimulated cells release soluble factors, which are sufficient to transfer the CD1-inducing effect in trans to other cells. Analysis of these soluble factors identified IL-1β as a previously unknown pathway leading to group 1 CD1 protein function. This study establishes that upregulation of group 1 CD1 proteins is an early event in B. burgdorferi infection and suggests a stepwise mechanism whereby bacterial cell walls, TLR activation and cytokine release cause DC precursors to express group 1 CD1 proteins.
Prostaglandin E <sub>1</sub> for the treatment of primary non‐function of the donor organ in liver transplantation (1991)

PGE1 may have an important role in liver transplantation considering the logistic difficulties of obtaining donor livers for urgent transplantation in Australia.
Breast phantom for comparison X-ray and polarimetric optical tomography imaging (2012)

Breast phantom made as combination of paraffin and INTRALIPID™ was tested by use of X-ray classical computed tomography and polarimetric optical tomography. The INTRALIPID™ is a liquid commonly used for simulation breast tissues optical properties but it is useless as X-ray phantom. During our tests we have observed that X-ray tomography allows to recognize a proper placement of INTRALIPID™ inclusions inside paraffin medium but we cannot distinguish density of INTRALIPID™ within each inclusions. On the other hand the polarimetric optical tomography allows to distinguish density of INTRALIPID™ (0%, 10%, 20%) in inclusions but with relatively low accuracy of their placement.
<i>In Vivo</i>Uptake of Chitosan Microparticles by Murine Peyer's Patches: Visualization Studies using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy and Immunohistochemistry (2001)

Although oral vaccination has numerous advantages over parenteral injection, degradation of the vaccine and low uptake by the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) still complicate the development of efficient oral vaccines. However, previous studies in our laboratory demonstrated that chitosan microparticles can have suitable size, charge, loading and release characteristics for oral vaccination using ovalbumin as model vaccine. In this study, two different approaches were used to investigate the in vivo uptake of chitosan microparticles by murine Peyer's patches. Firstly, a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) study was performed to visualize the uptake of fluorescent-labeled chitosan microparticles in the Peyer's patches after intragastrical feeding. Subsequently, the intestinal epithelial uptake of ovalbumin loaded chitosan microparticles was visualized using immunohistochemical staining of ovalbumin. Because the microparticles are biodegradable, this entrapped ovalbumin will be released after intracellular digestion in the Peyer's patches. CLSM visualization demonstrated that chitosan microparticles enhance the uptake of fluorescent-labeled ovalbumin by the epithelium of the Peyer's patches. No ovalbumin uptake by the intestinal epithelium was observed when the protein was administered without microparticles. Moreover, immunohistochemical visualization studies revealed that ovalbumin could only be transported into the Peyer's patches after association to chitosan microparticles. Since uptake by Peyer's patches is an essential step in oral vaccination, these in vivo experiments demonstrate that chitosan microparticles are very promising vaccine delivery systems.
Investigating Organization of Molecules that Facilitates Intermolecular Acyl Transfer in Crystals: Reactivity and X‐ray Structures of <i>O</i>‐Benzoyl‐<i>myo</i>‐inositol 1,3,5‐Orthoesters (2007)

Abstract Crystal structure analysis of racemic 2,6‐di‐ O ‐benzoyl‐ myo ‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthobenzoate reveals helical organization of the molecules, remarkably similar to that observed earlier in crystals of racemic 2,6‐di‐ O ‐benzoyl‐ myo ‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate. Both these dibenzoates are isostructural despite the bulkier phenyl substituent in place of hydrogen. Thelatter compound shows highly facile intermolecular benzoyl transfer reactivity in its crystals and as anticipated from the crystal structure, the orthobenzoate indeed exhibits facile benzoyl transfer reactivity in its crystals. 2‐ O ‐Benzoyl‐ myo ‐inositol 1,3,5‐orthoformate and the corresponding orthobenzoate also undergo transesterification in their crystals, but the specificity of acyl transfer is very low, and the reaction yields a mixture of products. The parameters of helical molecular assembly that facilitates acyl transfer in crystals have been investigated. A comparison of the molecular assemblies and lattice interactions in crystals of all the four compounds with the observed reactivity patterns show that facile acyl transfer reaction is brought about by a modular “reaction tunnel” formed by helical pre‐organization of molecules, favorable electrophile ··· nucleophile contacts and weak interactions that hold the acyl group in the “right” orientation for the attack by the nucleophile. Acyl transfer reaction in all the four derivatives was also carried out in solution for comparison.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Seasonal performance of air conditioners - an analysis of the DOE test procedures: the thermostat and measurement errors. Report No. 2 (1981)

Two aspects of the DOE test procedures are analyzed. First, the role of the thermostat in controlling the cycling of conditioning equipment is investigated. The test procedures call for a cycling scheme of 6 minutes on, 24 minutes off for Test D. To justify this cycling scheme as being representative of cycling in the field, it is assumed that the thermostat is the major factor in controlling the cycle rate. This assumption is examined by studying a closed-loop feedback model consisting of a thermostat, a heating/cooling plant and a conditioned space. Important parameters of this model are individually studied to determine their influence on the system. It is found that the switch differential and the anticipator gain are the major parameters in controlling the cycle rate. This confirms the thermostat's dominant role in the cycling of a system. The second aspect of the test procedures concerns transient errors or differences in the measurement of cyclic capacity. In particular, errors due to thermocouple response, thermocouple grid placement, dampers and nonuniform velocity and temperature distributions are considered. Problems in these four areas are mathematically modeled and the basic assumptions are stated. Results from these models help to clarify the problem areas and give an indication of the magnitude of the errors involved. It is found that major disagreement in measured capacity can arise in these four areas and can be mainly attributed to test set-up differences even though such differences are allowable in the test procedures. An understanding of such differences will aid in minimizing many problems in the measurement of cyclic capacity.
A time-resolved x-ray scattering experiment for the study of phase transitions and crystallization processes in metallic alloys (1999)

An experimental setup to perform high-resolution time-resolved X-ray scattering has been commissioned on the side station of beamline 8-ID at the Advanced Photon Source. A Peltier-cooled diode detector array covering an angle range of 20 degrees is mounted on a 4-circle goniometer and is used to temporally resolve X-ray scattering patterns with a resolution up to 10 ms. Metallic ribbon samples can be quickly heated and cooled from temperatures up to 500 C inside a furnace with controllable atmosphere and equipped with a beryllium window. A description of the setup is presented along with actual results showing time-resolved phase transitions and crystallization processes in AlYNi metallic alloys. These results demonstrate the power of this technique to investigate complex crystallization processes as well as the versatility of this time-resolved X-ray scattering spectrometer.
ChemInform Abstract: New π‐Electron Donors Containing Two Tetrathiafulvalene Units Fused to 1,4‐Dithiine and a Conducting Charge‐Transfer Complex with Tetracyanoquinodimethane. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rapid Routine Method for Determination of Uranium in Ores (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid Routine Method for Determination of Uranium in OresH. J. Seim, R. J. Morris, and D. W. FrewCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 3, 443–446Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60123a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60123a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in a cat (1999)

An 11-year-old, castrated, male domestic shorthair cat was presented for hematuria and pollakiuria. The cat had a marked thrombocytopenia, and a bone-marrow core biopsy demonstrated megakaryocytic hyperplasia with many megakaryocyte-associated neutrophils (i.e., emperipolesis). On peripheral blood, collected at initial presentation, what appeared to be platelets were noted to be within or adherent to occasional neutrophils. The thrombocytopenia was idiopathic in that no definitive cause could be found. However, platelet concentrations appeared to increase and decrease in response to changes in prednisone and cyclosporine therapy, suggesting a possible immune-mediated pathogenesis. As tests to detect increased feline platelet-associated antibodies are unavailable, immune-mediated thrombocytopenia can only be tentatively diagnosed in cats by exclusion and response to therapy.
The Electrophoretic Mobility of Chylomicrons in a Cask of Essential Hyperlipemia (1954)

(1954). The Electrophoretic Mobility of Chylomicrons in a Cask of Essential Hyperlipemia. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 70-73.
A calculation procedure for two-dimensional parabolic two-phase flows using independent computational grids for each phase. (1987)

A computational marching procedure for two-phase flows which are dispersed, parabolic, and turbulent is outlined in detail. Convection, diffusion and viscous action as well as entrainment and volume fraction fluctuations are taken into account for both phases. Each phase is calculated in its own grid to reduce false diffusion to a minimum. The use of two independent grids requires formulae for the transfer of variables which are presented. A test case id examined to estimate the effect of false diffusion on the second d phase. A two-phase jet is calculated and the results are found to be in good agreement with experimental data.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of an Efficient, Regio‐ and Stereoselective Route to Libraries Based on the β‐D‐Glucose Scaffold. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth and Characterization of AlGaN/GaN Superlattices (2001)

A set of AlGaN/GaN superlattices (SLs) with various periods (5-40 nm) and various composition of barriers and buffer layers was grown by MOCVD on sapphire substrates. The aluminum incorporation depending on growth rate was investigated. It was observed that for growth of AlGaN layers with AlN mole fraction above 15-20% the growth rate must be significantly reduced to avoid aluminum incorporation saturation. Structures were studied by X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and optical absorption spectroscopy. A significant red-shift of absorption edge was observed for SLs with period of 10-40 nm.
A Probability Model for Lifetime of Event-Driven Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

In event-driven wireless sensor networks, the network lifetime has a random nature due to the randomness of data reporting. The lifetime is even more nondeterministic when sensors are also deployed randomly. The lifetime of such a network is influenced by node deployment, initial energy of sensors, packet generation model and the number of sensors. This work quantifies the effect of these parameters on the lifetime of randomly deployed event-driven networks. First, the lifetime of individual sensors are studied. Then, an analytical expression is obtained for the complementary cumulative density function of the network lifetime. Such an analysis can be used for choosing the network parameter and efficiently optimizing the network lifetime. The results of this work are obtained for both multi- hop and single-hop wireless sensor networks and are verified with computer simulation. The approaches of this paper are shown to be applicable to more general cases.
Radical alternating copolymerization: A strategy for hyperbranched materials (2000)

Novel hyperbranched polymers were synthesized in a high yield without gelation through the free-radical alternating copolymerization of an AB/B′ (allyloxy maleic acid/maleic anhydride) system, in which group B and monomer B′ both could only alternately polymerize with group A. The arm number of the produced highly branched polymers was equal to the product of the linear chain length and the probability of pendent B groups being growing centers. The molecular weight of these novel hyperbranched polymers increased with increasing initiator concentration and prolonged polymerization times. The AB/B′ system, used as described, provides a new general methodology for highly branched and functional polymers. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3074–3085, 2000
Active <i>Q</i> switching in a GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well laser with an intracavity monolithic loss modulator (1986)

Active Q switching in a GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well laser with an intracavity electroabsorption monolithic loss modulator is demonstrated. In this device, an efficient loss modulation is achieved through the quantum confined Stark effect in a modulator section and the enhanced carrier induced band shrinkage effect in an optical amplifier section. It is found that a picosecond pulse as narrow as 18.6 ps full width at half-maximum is generated and a high repetition rate of more than 3 GHz is obtained.
A Historical Review of Gender-Affirming Medicine: Focus on Genital Reconstruction Surgery (2017)

Gender dysphoria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) is characterized by a marked discrepancy between one's birth-assigned sex and one's gender identity and is sometimes addressed by gender-affirming surgery. As public visibility and institutional support for the transgender and gender non-conforming population continue to increase, the demand for competent multidisciplinary teams of medical professionals equipped to care for this population is expected to rise-including plastic surgeons, urologists, gynecologists, endocrinologists, and breast surgeons, among others. Genital reconstruction procedures for the male-to-female and female-to-male transgender patient present unique surgical challenges that continue to evolve from their respective origins in the 19th and 20th centuries. A historical review of surgical techniques and standards of care attendant to gender-affirming medicine is presented, with foremost emphasis placed on how techniques for genital reconstruction in particular continue to evolve and advance. In addition, the current status of transition-related health care in the United States, including research gaps and contemporary clinical challenges, is reviewed. Frey JD, Poudrier G, Thomson JE, Hazen A. A Historical Review of Gender-Affirming Medicine: Focus on Genital Reconstruction Surgery. J Sex Med 2017;14:991-1002.
Abstract 967: Vemurafenib regulates miRNA-211 expression in melanoma - effects on extracellular vesicle RNA cargo and function (2016)

Abstract In melanoma, more than 50% of the patients harbor BRAF somatic missense mutations, most affecting the V600 region. Vemurafenib, a potent BRAF inhibitor used for the treatment of late stage melanoma, has shown promising results by causing programmed cell death in melanoma cells. Recently, extracellular vesicles including apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes has been shown to contain genetic information especially RNA with distinct repertoire of RNA, which could be transferred from one cell to another. Here we investigate the effects of Vemurafenib on melanoma cells and the RNA content in their subsets of extracellular vesicles. Upon vemurafenib treatment, we found that the melanoma cells harboring the BRAF mutation significantly increases the RNA and protein cargo in the different subsets of extracellular vesicles. The RNA profile also changes substantially in apoptotic bodies and microvesicles with significant changes in the ribosomal RNA ratio. Further, using small RNA sequencing, we found that extracellular vesicles from treated cells harbor unique miRNAs. The significantly different miRNA detected with sequencing analysis was validated in vitro with PCR and confirmed that miR-211 is upregulated in cells as well as subsets of extracellular vesicles after treatment. Furthermore, miR-211 was validated to be significantly upregulated in tumors tissues harvested from patient derived xenograft (PDX) as well as cell line derived xenograft and its vesicular subsets. This shows that vemurafenib induces miR-211 upregulation in BRAF mutant cells and PDX especially in the subsets of extracellular vesicles. miR-211 induction upon oncogene treatment could be potentially used as a biomarker in melanoma patients with BRAF mutation. Citation Format: Taral R. Lunavat, Lesley Cheng, Berglind Einarsdottir, Cecilia Lässer, Jonas A. Nilsson, Andrew F. Hill, Jan Lötvall. Vemurafenib regulates miRNA-211 expression in melanoma - effects on extracellular vesicle RNA cargo and function. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 967.