gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Compounds from 3,4‐Diamino‐6‐dimethylamino‐1‐methylpyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine: Approach to Novel ortho‐ and peri‐Fused Heterocyclic Ring System. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Altered mRNA Expression Pattern of Placental Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Pregnancies Complicated by Preeclampsia and/or Intrauterine Growth Retardation (1998)

Placental pathology in preeclampsia (PE) and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is associated with alterations of the placental epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). It is encoded by a single gene, which gives rise to two different full-length transcripts and one putative truncated transcript in the placenta. The aim was to investigate if the placental mRNA expression pattern of EGFR differs between women with PE and/or IUGR and normal pregnancies. Tissue samples from placentas were obtained immediately after delivery. Total nucleic acids were prepared and mRNA levels of EGFR transcripts were measured by a solution hybridization technique. In the group with IUGR the placental mRNA expression of the two full-length transcripts was found to be significantly lower than in placentas from normal pregnancy, whereas the expression of the truncated transcript was higher. The groups with PE or PE with IUGR had a significantly higher mRNA expression of the truncated transcript, while there were no significant differences in the mRNA expression of the two full-length transcripts. These findings are consistent with an important role for EGFR in the regulation of placental and fetal growth.
Monitoring of Irrigation Schemes by Remote Sensing: Phenology versus Retrieval of Biophysical Variables (2014)

The appraisal of crop water requirements (CWR) is crucial for the management of water resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where irrigation represents the largest consumer of water, such as the Doukkala area, western Morocco. Simple and (semi) empirical approaches have been applied to estimate CWR: the first one is called Kc-NDVI method, based on the correlation between the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the crop coefficient (Kc); the second one is the analytical approach based on the direct application of the Penman-Monteith equation with reflectance-based estimates of canopy biophysical variables, such as surface albedo (r), leaf area index (LAI) and crop height (hc). A time series of high spatial resolution RapidEye (REIS), SPOT4 (HRVIR1) and Landsat 8 (OLI) images acquired during the 2012/2013 agricultural season has been used to assess the spatial and temporal variability of crop evapotranspiration ETc and biophysical variables. The validation using the dual crop coefficient approach (Kcb) showed that the satellite-based estimates of daily ETc were in good agreement with ground-based ETc, i.e., R2 = 0.75 and RMSE = 0.79 versus R2 = 0.73 and RMSE = 0.89 for the Kc-NDVI, respective of the analytical approach. The assessment of irrigation performance in terms of adequacy between water requirements and allocations showed that CWR were much larger than allocated surface water for the entire area, with this difference being small at the beginning of the growing season. Even smaller differences were observed between surface water allocations and Irrigation Water Requirements (IWR) throughout the irrigation season. Finally, surface water allocations were rather close to Net Irrigation Water Requirements (NIWR).
Optimum source admittance for minimum noise figure of microwave transistors (1968)

Noise measurements of microwave transistors have shown that the optimum source admittance with respect to the minimum noise figure approaches the conjugate complex value of the transistor input admittance with increasing frequency. This fact is explained using the noise equivalent circuit of a microwave transistor.
Controlled-release urea encapsulated by ethyl cellulose/butyl acrylate/vinyl acetate hybrid latex (2018)

Abstract Fertilizer encapsulation through polymer membranes can reduce fertilizer losses and minimize environmental pollution. In this paper, an emulsion of ethyl cellulose (EC)/vinyl acetate (VAc)/butyl acrylate (BA) was successfully prepared by pre-emulsified semi-continuous seed emulsion polymerization. EC/BA/VAc films showed biodegradability. The influence of the EC content on the properties of EC/BA/VAc films was also investigated by DSC, a water absorbency analysis, etc. Controlled-release urea encapsulated by EC/BA/VAc latex was prepared in a film coating machine and conformed to the standards for slow-release fertilizers of the Committee of European Normalization. The release of urea from controlled-release urea encapsulated by EC/BA/VAc latex containing 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% EC was 75.1%, 65.8%, 70.1% and 84.1%, respectively, after 42 days, and controlled-release urea encapsulated by EC/BA/VAc latex (5% EC) had the best controlled-release ability. Therefore, controlled-release urea encapsulated by EC/BA/VAc latex has many potential applications in agricultural industry.
Effectiveness of Antihistamines in the Symptomatic Management of the Common Cold (1979)

A multicentric trial compared the effect of chlorpheniramine maleate with a placebo on the signs and symptoms of the common cold. Two hundred seventy-one patients were domiciled for 48 hours and evaluated during this period and for four days afterwards. Evaluations by both patients and physicians showed that chlorpheniramine maleate was superior to placebo in lessening the degree of symptoms of the common cold. Statistically significant differences were found both on the first day and as late as the seventh day. Significant differences and trends were shown in such measures as total objective score, physicians' evaluation of symptoms. The overall incidence of side effects other than drowsiness did not differ between the treatment groups.
1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of pyridazinium ylides with perhalocycloalkenes and thermal decomposition of the adducts. (1986)

Some pyridazinium N-ylides underwent 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition with perhalocyclopropenes and with a perhalocyclobutene. Thermal decomposition and chemical transformations of the pyrolyzed products afforded various hitherto unknown 2-chloropyrazolo[1, 5-b]pyridazine derivatives.
Motion vector re-estimation for fractional-scale video transcoding (2002)

In video transcoding, the compressed video is often converted to a lower resolution in order to reduce the bit rate. One way to achieve this is to first decompress the compressed video, down-sample each frame, and then re-compress the down-scaled frame sequences. This method can obtain high-quality compressed video bit-streams; however, it involves motion vector estimation that is computationally complex. Recently, some transcoding techniques have been proposed to compute the motion vectors for a compressed video with lower resolution using the motion vectors directly from the original compressed video. These techniques, however, cannot be used in arbitrary-size video down-scaling, e.g for converting CIF (Common Intermediate Format) video to sub-QCIF (Quarter CIF) video or QCIF to sub-QCIF. In this paper, we propose a video transcoding method that can estimate the motion vectors for arbitrary-size down-scaled video. It can provide video quality that is comparable to full-search motion estimation but with very low computational complexity.
Design and Implementation Scheme of QSFP28 Optical Transceiver for Long-Reach Transmission Using PAM4 Modulation (2021)

A quad, small form-factor pluggable 28 Gbps optical transceiver design scheme is proposed. It is capable of transmitting 50 Gbps of data up to a distance of 40 km using modulation signals with a level-four pulse-amplitude. The proposed scheme is designed using a combination of electro-absorption-modulated lasers, transmitter optical sub-assembly, low-cost positive-intrinsic-native photodiodes, and receiver optical sub-assembly to achieve standard performance and low cost. Moreover, the hardware and firmware design schemes to implement the optical transceiver are presented. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and the performance of the manufactured optical transceiver, thereby confirming its applicability to real industrial sites.
High-Sensitivity Photoconductor Layers (1955)

High-sensitivity photoconductor ``powder'' layers and ``sintered'' layers have been prepared in large-area form, with most of the desirable characteristics of single crystals. The methods involved in the preparation of these layers are simple and avoid the difficulties involved in growing large-area single crystals, or in producing large-area photoconductors by evaporation in vacuum. Both types of layers can be made into photocells of any desired area, by providing suitable electrodes. At an illumination of 1 ft-c, ratios of photo-current to dark current as large as 106 may be obtained for both types of layers. A two-inch square cell made from either a powder or a sintered layer can pass an ampere for an illumination of a few foot candles. In addition to their ease of fabrication, the new layers also have advantages in the large increase in red sensitivity obtainable with cadmium sulfide, and in the ohmic character of sintered layers with silver-paste electrodes.
Process optimization of tetra acetyl ethylene diamine activated hydrogen peroxide bleaching of populus nigra CTMP (2009)

To enhance the bleaching efficiency, the activator of tetra acetyl ethylene diamine (TAED) was used in conventional H2O2 bleaching. The H2O2/TAED bleaching system can accelerate the reaction rate and shorten bleaching time at relative low temperature, which can reduce the production cost. In this research, the process with hydrogen peroxide activated by TAED bleaching of Populus nigra chemi-thermo mechanical pulp was optimized. Suitable bleaching conditions were confirmed as follows: pulp consistency 10%, bleaching temperature 70oC, bleaching time 60 min when the charge of H2O2 was 4%, NaOH charge 2%, and molar ratio of TAED to H2O2 0.3. The pulp brightness gain reached 23.6% ISO with the optimized bleaching conditions. FTIR analysis indicated that the H2O2/TAED bleaching system can decrease carbonyl group further than that of conventional H2O2 bleaching, which contributed to the higher bleaching efficiency and final brightness. The H2O2/TAED bleaching had stronger oxidation ability on lignin than that of H2O2 bleaching.
Microstrip antenna developments at JPL (1991)

The in-house development of microstrip antennas, initiated in 1981, when a spaceborne lightweight and low-profile planar array was needed for a satellite communication system, is described. The work described covers the prediction of finite-ground-plane effects by the geometric theory of diffraction, higher-order-mode circularly polarized circular patch antennas, circularly polarized microstrip arrays with linearly polarized elements, an impedance-matching teardrop-shaped probe feed, a dual-polarized microstrip array with high isolation and low cross-polarization, a planar microstrip Yagi array, a microstrip reflect-array, a Ka-band MMIC array, and a series-fed linear arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Marking 50 Years of Diplomatic Ties Between China and Tanzania (2014)

The CPAFFC and the Embassy of the United Republic of Tanzania co-hosted a reception in celebration of the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations at the Diaoyutai State Guest House on October 23.Vice President Li Yuanchao and visiting Tanzanian President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete joined over 500 people of various circles at the reception that was also addressed by CPAFFC President Li Xiaolin and Tanzanian Ambassador to China Abdulrahman Shimbo.
Ribosomal Pausing at a Frameshifter RNA Pseudoknot Is Sensitive to Reading Phase but Shows Little Correlation with Frameshift Efficiency (2001)

Here we investigated ribosomal pausing at sites of programmed -1 ribosomal frameshifting, using translational elongation and ribosome heelprint assays. The site of pausing at the frameshift signal of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) was determined and was consistent with an RNA pseudoknot-induced pause that placed the ribosomal P- and A-sites over the slippery sequence. Similarly, pausing at the simian retrovirus 1 gag/pol signal, which contains a different kind of frameshifter pseudoknot, also placed the ribosome over the slippery sequence, supporting a role for pausing in frameshifting. However, a simple correlation between pausing and frameshifting was lacking. Firstly, a stem-loop structure closely related to the IBV pseudoknot, although unable to stimulate efficient frameshifting, paused ribosomes to a similar extent and at the same place on the mRNA as a parental pseudoknot. Secondly, an identical pausing pattern was induced by two pseudoknots differing only by a single loop 2 nucleotide yet with different functionalities in frameshifting. The final observation arose from an assessment of the impact of reading phase on pausing. Given that ribosomes advance in triplet fashion, we tested whether the reading frame in which ribosomes encounter an RNA structure (the reading phase) would influence pausing. We found that the reading phase did influence pausing but unexpectedly, the mRNA with the pseudoknot in the phase which gave the least pausing was found to promote frameshifting more efficiently than the other variants. Overall, these experiments support the view that pausing alone is insufficient to mediate frameshifting and additional events are required. The phase dependence of pausing may be indicative of an activity in the ribosome that requires an optimal contact with mRNA secondary structures for efficient unwinding.
Specific inhibition of antibody production. IV. Standardization of the antigen-elimination test; immunological paralysis of mice previously immunized. (1965)

The antigen-elimination test has been calibrated by means of passive immunization experiments. The effect of altering the amounts of antigen or antibody used in this test has been demonstrated. Experiments have been carried out to investigate the possibility of inducing immunological paralysis in mice immune to BGG. It was found necessary to start with an injection of 300 mg BGG, and follow this by a course of twice-weekly injections of exponentially (×2) decreasing amounts. X-irradiation increased the ability of antigen to paralyse. The difference between non-immunogenic antigens (BGG in mice) and immunogenic antigens (BSA, etc.) is discussed. The possible role of intracellular antibody in determining the amount of antigen necessary to induce immunological paralysis is also discussed.
Improved metering equipment and techniques cut costs (1995)

At one point in time, utilities focused on selling as much electricity as possible and building more generating stations to satisfy the demand for it. Today the industry should be focusing not merely on how much electricity customers use, but how they use energy. The industry is point just that and advanced metering technology is helping. Advances in metering technology and techniques have progressed significantly in the past few years. The industry must ensure accurate metering not only for billing purposes but also for monitoring systems operations. For example, Virginia Power is starting to monitor energy use in its own facilities. The experience will better equip them to help their customers use energy more efficiently. This article examines some of the advanced metering systems currently in use and under development, both for commercial and residential applications.
A Variable Transmittance Beam Splitter (1970)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. N. Smartt, "A Variable Transmittance Beam Splitter," Appl. Opt. 9, 970-971 (1970) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Investigation of low reactivity solvents (2002)

The activated form of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> [1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>; 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>] is important for various physiological processes, such as bone mineralization and calcium metabolism, and plays an anticancer role in numerous cancers as well. Its role in melanoma cells has yet to be proven. NOP2/Sun RNA methyltransferase 2 (NSUN2) is a typical RNA methyltransferase and is highly expressed in a variety of cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and NSUN2 in melanoma cells remain largely unknown. The current study showed that 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> could significantly and specifically inhibit the proliferation and migration of melanoma B16 cells. 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> enhances vitamin D receptor expression while simultaneously reducing NSUN2 expression in melanoma cells. Subsequently, knockdown of NSUN2 suppressed B16 cell proliferation and migration. RNA-Seq results illuminated that DNA replication, cell proliferation and cell cycle pathways were enriched, and genes promoting these pathways were reduced after knocking down Nsun2. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> downregulated reporter gene expression was controlled by the Nsun2 promoter. The results suggest that 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> binds to the vitamin D response element located upstream of the Nsun2 promoter to downregulate Nsun2 transcription activity and then affects the gene expression pattern related to cell proliferation and the cell cycle, thereby restraining B16 cell proliferation and migration.
Optimal sizing of high-speed clock networks based on distributed RC and lossy transmission line models (1993)

To achieve delay balance, instead of making the faster path slower by elongating branches, we make slower paths faster by sizing. Given a general clock network, which may includes loops, together with a set of feasible widths for each branch, we formulate the optimal sizing of the clock network as a constrained optimization problem. By turning the skew minimization problem into a least-squares estimation problem, a modified Gauss-Marquardt's method is used to determine the optimal widths. An efficient initial sizing algorithm is proposed to speed up the sizing process. Instead of using zero-order delay model (path length) or one-order delay model (Elmore delay), we employ a generalized delay model which can handle general RLC and transmission line networks. Experimental results show that this method significantly reduces both the clock skew and path delays from source to terminals.
The Cruciate Ligaments of the Canine Stifle: An Anatomical and Functional Analysis (1977)

Fifty canine stifles were used to study the anatomy and function of the cruciate ligaments. The morphology of the ligaments and the shape of their bony attachments were determined by dissection. The relative tension of the ligaments in flexion and extension was determined by identifying the points of attachment of ligament fibers with small pins and making multiple radiographs as the stifle was taken through a range of motion. The distance between these points was then measured and the linear changes in the ligaments were defined. Measurements of rotation, craniocaudal displacement, extension, and flexion were made before and after cutting of one or both ligaments. It was found that both cruciate ligaments were composed of 2 component parts and that the geometry of their femoral attachments was responsible for a reciprocal loosening and tightening of these components through a range of motion. It was also found that transection of one or both cruciate ligaments resulted in marked joint instability.
Self-consistent modeling of low pressure microwave discharges including non-collisional heating processes (2002)

Summary form only given. Low pressure microwave plasma sources used for materials processing generally operate as overdense plasmas with the plasma density greater than the critical density. These sources can be operated with a static magnetic field that provides for ECR heating or without a static magnetic field via ohmic, resonance and other non-ohmic and stochastic heating mechanisms. Even when ECR strength magnetic fields are present these other heating mechanisms that occur in unmagnetized plasmas can be important and may even dominate. This paper examines via a two-dimensional, self-consistent microwave field and plasma model the heating of low pressure, overdense, magnetized and unmagnetized plasma discharges. Low-pressure (collision frequency /spl Lt/ excitation frequency) microwave plasma simulations that model the spatial variation of the microwave heating fields and plasma discharge are difficult to use in the local regions where the plasma frequency is near the excitation frequency. In these regions resonance effects occur and the microwave electric field can become large. Because of the localized nature of the resonance (high microwave field strength) region, stochastic (non-collisional) heating can occur as the electrons are accelerated/heated in this region and/or transverse through this resonance region via their initial momentum. This paper explores the self-consistent modeling of microwave discharges including resonance effects and stochastic heating effects. Further the models are constructed to closely match an experimental system that has been extensively characterized. This experimental system is a 2.45 GHz resonant cavity plasma source that has been studied while running argon discharges at pressures of 4-60 mTorr using Langmuir probes to determine the plasma density and electron temperature and using microwave field probes and optical diagnostic techniques to measure the microwave field strength.
Performance bounds on compressed sensing with Poisson noise (2009)

This paper describes performance bounds for compressed sensing in the presence of Poisson noise when the underlying signal, a vector of Poisson intensities, is sparse or compressible (admits a sparse approximation). The signal-independent and bounded noise models used in the literature to analyze the performance of compressed sensing do not accurately model the effects of Poisson noise. However, Poisson noise is an appropriate noise model for a variety of applications, including low-light imaging, where sensing hardware is large or expensive, and limiting the number of measurements collected is important. In this paper, we describe how a feasible positivity-preserving sensing matrix can be constructed, and then analyze the performance of a compressed sensing reconstruction approach for Poisson data that minimizes an objective function consisting of a negative Poisson log likelihood term and a penalty term which could be used as a measure of signal sparsity.