gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lucky-drift mechanism for impact ionisation in semiconductors (1983)

A simple analytic expression for the ionisation coefficient for impact ionisation is derived on the basis of a new approach which exploits the difference between momentum- and energy-relaxation rates for hot electrons. The basic mechanism whereby an electron gains sufficient energy to ionise is lucky to drift in which the electrons relax momentum but not energy. The electrons gain energy by drift and not by ballistic motion, and a few lucky ones reach the threshold. Those which thermalise may also contribute through the lucky-drift mechanism, starting from the average hot-electron energy. Good agreement with Baraff's theory is obtained. It is shown that neither the Schockley lucky electron nor the Wolff thermalised electron contribute significantly, in agreement with Baraff. However, the concept of Schockley's lucky electron is an essential part of the lucky-drift mechanism. The theory is simply extended to accommodate electrons injected at energies above zero, and some calculations are presented on this topic. A discussion is given of the effect of real band structure and it is concluded that the theory based on parabolic bands remains good provided the mean free path is taken as an average quantity over the relevant energy range. It is argued that the theory has wide application to semiconductors with moderate-to-large energy gaps because of the predominance of nonpolar scattering at high energies. A specific model of a nonparabolic band structure is discussed in which the electron distribution function has a Gaussian form, rather than the Maxwellian form associated with parabolic bands, and a weak negative differential resistance is exhibited.
2DECOMP&FFT - A Highly Scalable 2D Decomposition Library and FFT Interface (2010)

As part of a HECToR distributed CSE support project, a general-purpose 2D decomposition (also known as 'pencil' or 'drawer' decomposition) communication library has been developed. This Fortran library provides a powerful and flexible framework to build applications based on 3D Cartesian data structures and spatially implicit numerical schemes (such as the compact finite difference method or spectral method). The library also supports shared-memory architecture which becomes increasingly popular. A user-friendly FFT interface has been built on top of the communication library to perform distributed three-dimensional FFTs. Both the decomposition library and the FFT interface scale well to tens of thousands of cores on Cray XT systems. The library has been applied to Incompact3D, a CFD application performing large-scale Direct Numerical Simulations of turbulence, enabling exciting scientific studies to be conducted.
Internet of Things Based Smart Grids Supported by Intelligent Edge Computing (2019)

In this paper, an edge computing system for IoT-based (Internet of Things) smart grids is proposed to overcome the drawbacks in the current cloud computing paradigm in power systems, where many problems have yet to be addressed such as fully realizing the requirements of high bandwidth with low latency. The new system mainly introduces edge computing in the traditional cloud-based power system and establishes a new hardware and software architecture. Therefore, a considerable amount of data generated in the electrical grid will be analyzed, processed, and stored at the edge of the network. Aided with edge computing paradigm, the IoT-based smart grids will realize the connection and management of substantial terminals, provide the real-time analysis and processing of massive data, and foster the digitalization of smart grids. In addition, we propose a privacy protection strategy via edge computing, data prediction strategy, and preprocessing strategy of hierarchical decision-making based on task grading (HDTG) for the IoT-based smart girds. The effectiveness of our proposed approaches has been demonstrated via the numerical simulations.
Transmembrane topology prediction (2004)

Abstract We describe the most popular transmembrane topology predictors and highlight their advantages and shortcomings. We also review different benchmark studies on transmembrane predictors.
Increased apolipoprotein-E concentrations in individuals suffering chronic low back syndrome identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (1993)

Non-biased screening of plasma proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis from individuals suffering low back syndrome revealed a polypeptide spot that was increased 2-5-fold over the concentration found in normal control individuals. The apparent molecular weight (34-36 kDa) and pI (5.7) of this spot suggested that it might be apolipoprotein-E. Immunoblot analysis showed that the polypeptide was reactive with anti-apolipoprotein-E antibodies. N-terminal amino acid microsequence confirmed the identify of this polypeptide as apolipoprotein-E. We have determined that elevated plasma levels of apolipoprotein-E is associated with inflammation and nerve damage.
<title>Comparison of H.323 and SIP for IP telephony signaling</title> (1999)

Two standards currently compete for the dominance of IP telephony signaling: the H.323 protocol suite by ITU-T, and the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) by IETF. Both of these signaling protocols provide mechanisms for call establishment and teardown, call control and supplementary services, and capability exchange. We investigate and compare these two protocols in terms of Functionality, Quality of Service (QoS), Scalability, Flexibility, Interoperability, and Ease of Implementation. For fairness of comparison, we consider similar scenarios for both protocols. In particular, we focus on scenarios that involve a gatekeeper for H.323, and a Proxy/Redirect server for SIP. The reason is that medium-to-large IP Telephony systems are not manageable without a gatekeeper or proxy server. We consider all three versions of H.323. In terms of functionality and services that can be supported, H.323 version 2 and SIP are very similar. However, supplementary services in H.323 are more rigorously defined, and therefore fewer interoperability issues are expected among its implementations. Furthermore, H.323 has taken more steps to ensure compatibility among its different versions, and to interoperate with PSTN. The two protocols are comparable in their QoS support [similar call setup delays, no support for resource reservation or class of service (CoS) setting], but H.323 version 3 will allow signaling of the requested CoS. SIP's primary advantages are (1) flexibility to add new features, and (2) relative ease of implementation and debugging. Finally, we note that H.323 and SIP are improving themselves by learning from each other, and the differences between them are diminishing with each new version.
Progression to Type 2 Diabetes Characterized by Moderate Then Rapid Glucose Increases (2007)

We conclude that there are two distinct processes affecting glucose levels in most individuals who progress to type 2 diabetes and that the rapid glucose rise identified in these people may be an important period for physiologic and preventive research.
Science down under (1984)

Journal Article Science down under Get access SCIENCE UNDER SCRUTINY: The Place of History and Philosophy of Science edited by Home R.W. Reidel, Dortrecht, NL, 1983, 182 John Ziman, FRS John Ziman, FRS Professor Department of Social and Economic Studies, Imperial College, 53 Prince's Gate, London SW7 2PG, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Science and Public Policy, Volume 11, Issue 4, August 1984, Page 253, https://doi.org/10.1093/spp/11.4.253-a Published: 01 August 1984
The Osteogenic Study of Tissue Engineering Bone with BMP2 and BMP7 Gene-Modified Rat Adipose-Derived Stem Cell (2012)

To evaluate the feasibility and advantages of constructing a novel tissue engineering bone, using β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) and rat adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), modified with BMP2 and BMP7 by lentivirus. In the present study, ADSCs transfected with Lv-BMP2 and Lv-BMP7, alone or together, were seeded on β-TCP scaffold and cultured in vitro. Based on the results of DNA assay, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red staining and osteogenic marker genes expression analysis, the BMP2 and BMP7 genes cotransfection group exhibited a higher degree of osteogenic differentiation in vitro. To investigate the in vivo osteogenesis of the tissue engineering bone, the ADSCs/β-TCP constructs were implanted in rat femurs defects for 6 weeks and studied histomorphology and radiography. The results showed that BMP2 and BMP7 genes cotransfection group dramatically enhanced the efficiency of new bone formation than BMP2 group and BMP7 group in vivo. These results demonstrated that it was advantageous to construct tissue engineering bone using ADSCs cotransfected with BMP2 and BMP7 on β-TCP, providing a potential way for treating bone defects.
A Synthesis of Monoketopiperazines (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Synthesis of MonoketopiperazinesSamuel R. AspinallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 5, 1202–1204Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01862a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01862a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views505Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Sleep in children: physiology and update of a literature review]. (2019)

Sleep is an active and cyclic physiological process that has a critical impact on health. Its functions are numerous: growth, development, learning, memory, synaptic efficiency, regulation of behavior, emotion, immune strengthening and cleaning time of neurotoxic substances. During the first years of life, there are a number of important changes in development, which lead to the expected pattern of sleep and wakefulness in adults. The sleep occupies a third of the adult's life. However, sleeping during the first months of life takes up more than 50% of time. This review of the topic will describe normal sleep patterns in childhood.
Ionotrophic 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 receptor activates the protein kinase C-dependent phospholipase D pathway in human T-cells (1999)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) ionotrophic receptor 5-HT3 in the activation of human Jurkat T-cells. 5-HT and 2-methyl-5-HT (2Me-5-HT), an agonist of the 5-HT3 receptor, induced increases in intracellular free Na+ concentrations, [Na+]i, via opening of the ionotrophic receptor in these cells. These two serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptaminergic) agents potentiated phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced T-cell activation. However, they failed to potentiate dioctanoglycerol-plus-ionomycin-stimulated T-cell blastogenesis. Interestingly, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC), GF 109203X, curtailed significantly 5-HT and 2Me-5-HT-potentiated T-cell activation. These results demonstrate that the opening of the 5-HT3 ionotrophic receptor is implicated in T-cell activation via the PKC pathway. Furthermore, 5-HT and 2Me-5-HT stimulated phospholipase D (PLD) activity, as measured by the production of phosphatidylethanol and phosphatidylbutanol at the expense of phosphatidic acid (PA). GF 109203X significantly curtailed the 5-HT- and 2Me-5-HT-induced PLD activity and T-cell activation. The PLD/PA pathway stimulated by these two serotonergic agents resulted in the production of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) mass in Jurkat T-cells. These results altogether suggest that 5-HT and 2Me-5-HT potentiate T-cell activation via increases in [Na+]i and the activation of the PKC-dependent PLD pathway.
A Review of Unlubricated Contact, Part I - Static Contact (1990)

Physical insight into dry contact phenomenon is offered without recourse to extensive mathematical derivations. Firstly, Hertzian contact theory is examined and the effect of relaxing its various assumptions is then considered. This provides an understanding of how contact zones can be divided into slipping and adhering areas, and how the resulting stress fields affect ductile and brittle materials. Particular instances covered include the effect of material disimilarity and friction, and the effects of dynamics and oblique loading. The second part of this paper discusses rolling contact phenomena.
Is transcutaneous peroneal stimulation beneficial to patients with chronic stroke using an ankle-foot orthosis? A within-subjects study of patients’ satisfaction, walking speed and physical activity level (2010)

The patients judged functional electrical stimulation superior to their ankle-foot orthosis, but measurements of walking speed and physical activity could not objectify the experienced benefits of functional electrical stimulation. Other outcome measures focusing on the stability and effort of ambulation may objectify the perceived benefits of functional electrical stimulation in community-dwelling chronic stroke patients.
Constituencies for Users: How to Develop them by Interpreting Logs of Web Site Access (1999)

The number of electronic journals is growing as rapidly as the World Wide Web on which many are published. Readership of an electronic journal is important to quantify, just as it is for a printed journal. In maintaining the Journal of Interactive Media in Education (JIME), a scholarly electronic journal open to all, we require readership statistics more meaningful than the variations on the theme of &quot;number of hits&quot; given by many log analysis packages. Important aspects of JIME&apos;s open access are the decisions to not require subscription, nor the use of hidden tracking aids such as cookies. Readership information is acquired from the server log of client requests. We are investigating the identification of user sessions from such logs, and the development of classification of sessions into constituencies of readership. In this paper, we present the result of manual analysis from which we are developing automatic analysis mechanisms.
Variable selection algorithm for the construction of MIMO operating point dependent neurofuzzy networks (2001)

An input variable selection procedure is introduced for the identification and construction of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) neurofuzzy operating point dependent models. The algorithm is an extension of a forward modified Gram-Schmidt orthogonal least squares procedure for a linear model structure which is modified to accommodate nonlinear system modeling by incorporating piecewise locally linear model fitting. The proposed input nodes selection procedure effectively tackles the problem of the curse of dimensionality associated with lattice-based modeling algorithms such as radial basis function neurofuzzy networks, enabling the resulting neurofuzzy operating point dependent model to be widely applied in control and estimation. Some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed construction algorithm.
Time-Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol As Applied to Early Discrimination of <i>Cannabis</i> <i>sativa </i>Plants (1999)

In the cultivations of Cannabis, it is important to be able to distinguish fiber-type plants from drug-type plants by an easy observation of their phenotype. This study required the screening of many samples for their cannabinoid content. A simple and highly sensitive time-resolved fluoroimmunological method was developed for the determination of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol in the leaf extracts. The useful range of the calibration curve was between 10 pg and 25 ng of standard. Matrix effects were minimized by a high dilution of samples.
Expression analysis of putative stem cell markers in human benign and malignant prostate (2010)

Expression of CD44 and Oct4 identified large populations of benign and malignant cells in the prostate, which did not fit the definition of stem cells as a small fraction of the total cell population. Our results suggest that combined expression of embryonic stem cell markers EZH2 and SOX2 might identify potential cancer stem cells as a minor (<10%) subgroup in CD44+ prostatic adenocarcinoma.
A Broadly Applicable Mild Method for the Synthesis of <i>gem</i>-Diperoxides from Corresponding Ketones or 1,3-Dioxolanes (2009)

Ketones or ketals were readily converted into the corresponding gem-dihydroperoxides in high yields by treatment with ethereal H(2)O(2) at ambient temperature in the presence of 2-5 mol % of phosphomolybdic acid.
Degradation Prediction Model Based on a Neural Network with Dynamic Windows (2015)

Tracking degradation of mechanical components is very critical for effective maintenance decision making. Remaining useful life (RUL) estimation is a widely used form of degradation prediction. RUL prediction methods when enough run-to-failure condition monitoring data can be used have been fully researched, but for some high reliability components, it is very difficult to collect run-to-failure condition monitoring data, i.e., from normal to failure. Only a certain number of condition indicators in certain period can be used to estimate RUL. In addition, some existing prediction methods have problems which block RUL estimation due to poor extrapolability. The predicted value converges to a certain constant or fluctuates in certain range. Moreover, the fluctuant condition features also have bad effects on prediction. In order to solve these dilemmas, this paper proposes a RUL prediction model based on neural network with dynamic windows. This model mainly consists of three steps: window size determination by increasing rate, change point detection and rolling prediction. The proposed method has two dominant strengths. One is that the proposed approach does not need to assume the degradation trajectory is subject to a certain distribution. The other is it can adapt to variation of degradation indicators which greatly benefits RUL prediction. Finally, the performance of the proposed RUL prediction model is validated by real field data and simulation data.
The effects of copper sulfate on geosmin biosynthesis by streptomyces tendae, streptomyces albidoflavus, and penicillium expansum (1995)

Geosmin is produced by several phototrophic and heterotrophic taxa. This secondary metabolite can impart an earthy taste and odor to water resources. To reduce algal populations and associated biosynthesis of geosmin, copper sulfate and other copper-containing algicides are often applied to aquatic systems. Cultures of the bacterium Streptomyces tendae and the fungus Penicillium expansum grown on increasing concentrations of copper sulfate accumulated more biomass than untreated controls, indicating that these heterotrophic cultures were not markedly susceptible to this algicide. Cultures of Streptomyces albidoflavus treated with increasing concentrations of copper sulfate accumulated less biomass than untreated controls. However, copper-treated mycelium of each taxa investigated contained greater concentrations of geosmin than untreated controls. In addition, there was not a significant interaction between in the amount of biomass or geosmin accumulated by cells exposed to 0 and 0.5 mg l −1 copper sulfate over increasing dosages of zinc sulfate. If field populations exhibit similar responses, application of copper sulfate to aquatic systems may contribute to geosmin biosynthesis by certain taxa.
Fränkische Triennale vom 16. September bis zum 29. Oktober im Schloß Faber-Castell in Stein bei Nürnberg (2016)

[nicht vorhanden / not available]
Conditions for unambiguous source location using polarization diverse arrays (2002)

As array processing becomes more mature, interest has grown in the use of polarization diverse arrays for both direction finding (DF) and signal copy. However, little has been written on the maximum number of source bearings which can be unambiguously estimated with a polarization diverse array of N antennas. This paper gives necessary conditions for the number of antennas needed to unambiguously estimate a given number of polarized sources, which may also have multipath components, for typical polarizations. In addition, the results of testing a six channel co-located polarization HF array are presented. The signal environments consisted of both correlated and uncorrelated signals. The results of these tests are compared to the theoretical bounds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interactions between Plants and Epiphytic Bacteria Regarding Their Auxin Metabolism (1970)

Abstract The auxin content (extractable and ‘diffusible’ auxin) of non‐sterile corn plants is much more increased by a tryptophan application than the auxin content of sterile plants. This effect is independent of the mode of tryptophan application (spray or supply with the transpiration stream). The epiphytic bacteria settling the shoot surface are responsible for this effect, since in special experiments the rhizosphere was separated from the tryptophan treatment. Sterilized plants which were artificially reinfected with epiphytic IAA‐producing bacteria strains behave like non‐sterile plants. Non‐sterile plants which were superinfected with these bacteria strains have a still higher capacity to convert tryptophan to auxin.
Ultrasound Monitoring of Mother and Fetus (1972)

Before, as well as alter, the membranes have been ruptured, fetal heart rate and uterine contractions can be monitored—using the Doppler principle—transabdominally.
The Effect of Dietary Monoterpenes on the Cholesterol Level of Eggs (1978)

Monoterpenes were included in the diets of laying hens in an attempt to inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol and hence reduce its amount in egg yolk. However, feeding five monoterpenes, phorone or 200 mg. cholesterol per day to hens did not significantly change the level of cholesterol in the egg yolk. These compounds did not cause signs of ill health in the hen or a decline in egg production.
Facile Synthesis of Second-Generation Dendrons with an Orthogonal Functional Group at the Focal Point (2009)

Abstract Facile synthesis of second-generation dendrons with an aldehyde, epoxy, or t-Boc group at the focal point and nine carboxylic acid groups at the periphery is reported. The scheme includes a coupling of the first-generation dendrons and a two-step, one-pot reaction that proceeds through a Boc deprotection and in situ conjugation at the focal point.
Contact Allergy to Hair Dyes (2016)

Many strong and extreme sensitizing chemicals, such as para-phenylenediamine (PPD), toluene-2,5-diamine (TDA) and other aromatic amines or cross-reacting substances, are ingredients in hair dye products. The chemistry of hair dyeing and the immunological reactions to the potent sensitizing hair dye components are complex and have not been fully clarified up until now. Recently 2-methoxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine (ME-PPD), a PPD derivate with moderate skin-sensitizing properties, was developed. Although developed for the prevention of sensitization, ME-PPD appears to be tolerated in some PPD/TDA-allergic individuals.