gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell signaling pathways in the neuroprotective actions of the green tea polyphenol (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate: implications for neurodegenerative diseases (2004)

Abstract Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that brain iron misregulation and oxidative stress (OS), resulting in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation from H 2 O 2 and inflammatory processes, trigger a cascade of events leading to apoptotic/necrotic cell death in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's (PD), Alzheimer's (AD) and Huntington's diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Thus, novel therapeutic approaches aimed at neutralization of OS‐induced neurotoxicity, support the application of ROS scavengers, transition metals (e.g. iron and copper) chelators and non‐vitamin natural antioxidant polyphenols, in monotherapy, or as part of antioxidant cocktail formulation for these diseases. Both experimental and epidemiological evidence demonstrate that flavonoid polyphenols, particularly from green tea and blueberries, improve age‐related cognitive decline and are neuroprotective in models of PD, AD and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injuries. However, recent studies indicate that the radical scavenger property of green tea polyphenols is unlikely to be the sole explanation for their neuroprotective capacity and in fact, a wide spectrum of cellular signaling events may well account for their biological actions. In this article, the currently established mechanisms involved in the beneficial health action and emerging studies concerning the putative novel molecular neuroprotective activity of green tea and its major polyphenol (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), will be reviewed and discussed.
Silver-bismuth alloys in quantitative analysis (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilver-bismuth alloys in quantitative analysisGeorge W. Batchelder and Loren C. Hurd Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1932, 9, 5, 929Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1932Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1932Published inissue 1 May 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/ed009p929RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1015 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Distribution of accumulation points of roots for type $(n-1,1)$ Coxeter\n groups (2012)

In this paper, we investigate the set of accumulation points of normalized\nroots of infinite Coxeter groups for certain class of their action. Concretely,\nwe prove the conjecture proposed in [6, Section 3.2] in the case where the\nequipped Coxeter matrices are of type $(n-1,1)$, where $n$ is the rank.\nMoreover, we obtain that the set of such accumulation points coincides with the\nclosure of the orbit of one point of normalized limit roots. In addition, in\norder to prove our main results, we also investigate some properties on fixed\npoints of the action.\n
Primary Structure of Bovine Plasma High-Molecular-Weight Kininogen (1978)

Fragment X, one of several fragments released from bovine plasma high-molecular-weight (HMW) kininogen by the action of bovine plasma kallikrein, was isolated and characterized. The amino acid composition of fragment X was identical with that of a previously characterized glycopeptide, fragment 1-2. However, it had no carbohydrate components. Fragment X was further cleaved by plasma kallikrein into two peptide fragments, named fragment Y and the previously characterized fragment 2. The NH,-terminal sequences up to 15 residues of fragment X and fragment Y were identical with that of fragment 1·2. Further, peptide maps of the tryptic digests of fragment 1·2 and fragment X were indistinguishable, except for the spots corresponding to glycopeptides, which were only found in the digest of fragment 1·2. These results show fragment X to be a carbohydrate-free fragment 1·2, which is a precursor peptide composed of fragment Y and fragment 2. The present studies also provide further evidence for microheterogeneity of the fragment 1·2 region in bovine HMW kininogen, in addition to the previously reported microheterogeneity with amino acid substitutions caused by genetic variants in the same region. Fragment X, the carbohydrate-free fragment 1·2, showed strong inhibitory activity upon the kaolin-mediated activation of Hageman factor (factor XII), as does hexadimethrine bromide. It also prolonged the calcium-clotting time of citrated rat plasma. These results indicate that fragment X has activities similar to those of fragment 1·2, which has recently been identified as one of the contact activation inhibitors. The oligosaccharide chains attached to the chain in fragment 1·2 are not essential to the inhibitory activity.
New Substituted 1,4-Benzoxazine Derivatives with Potential Intracellular Calcium Activity (1998)

Substituted 1,4-benzoxazines bearing an amino side chain at the 2-position were prepared and were found to have a moderate activity on intracellular calcium. Of the compounds studied it was found that those which possess a homoveratrylamino moiety exhibited superior potency. The chain length and the nature of the amine (4-fluorophenylpiperazine, 4-fluorobenzhydryloxyethylamine, N-substituted homoveratrylamine) is discussed. The 4-benzyl-3, 4-dihydro-2-[3-[[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]amino]propyl]-2H-1, 4-benzoxazine (3c) is the most potent derivative of the series with a ratio of IC50 values against PE (phenylephrine) and K+ of 2.1. Under these test conditions a ratio near 1 indicates potential intracellular calcium activity while a ratio greater than 100 an action on extracellular calcium influx.
A hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with cooperative method for multi-object tracking (2012)

In the fields of computer vision, multiple object tracking is an active research area. It is a challenging problem mainly due to the frequent occlusions and interactions that happen between the multiple targets. We formulate the multiple interaction problem as an optimization problem and explore Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm for the optimal solution. To tackle the problem of premature convergence, we present a new hybrid PSO that incorporates a differential evolution mutation operation with a Gaussian based PSO. Furthermore, by exploiting the specific structure of multiple object interactions, we introduce a cooperative strategy into the proposed PSO for more efficient searching and for conquering the curse of dimensionality. With patch-based observation models, our method can robustly handle significant occlusions and interactions.
Model Testing of Ridge Keel Loads on Structures Part IV: Preliminary Results of Freeze Bond Shear Strength Experiments (2009)

A series of experiments intended to study freeze-bond strength in model ice were performed in the Hamburg Ship Model Basin (HSVA) during November 2008. The ice used in the experiments was the same model ice used to build the model ridges described in Part II of the publications. Freeze-bond strength in direct shear was measured as a function of initial ice temperature, available time to develop the freeze-bond and normal stress applied to the freeze bond samples. Freeze-bond strength was also measured in rafted layers from the model ice ridges. A total of 58 experiments divided into four series were performed. The results from the controlled experiments and the freeze-bonds from the model ridges indicate that the former are representative of the actual phenomena happening in the model ridges. A decreasing tendency of the freeze-bond strength versus increasing submersion time was found, which agrees with previous results from full scale tests. A slightly decreasing tendency of freeze-bond strength with decreasing initial ice temperature was found. This does not agree with previous observations. The variation of freeze-bond strength versus normal stress showed an increasing tendency with increasing normal stress until a normal load of 1200 Pa where the freeze-bond strength decreases.
Towards Unravelling the Biological Significance of the Individual Components of Pectic Hairy Regions in Plants (2003)

Highly branched pectins, which are comprised of a rhamnogalacturonan (RG I) backbone carrying galactan and arabinan side-chains, are generally referred to as hairy regions. Even though composition of the hairy regions has been well established in many plants, their biological function is still unknown. Developmental studies have already shown distinct antibody labelling patterns for the different epitopes present on the hairy region, suggesting that they may have different functions. This review compares the results from the developmental studies together with those from mutagenized and genetically modified plants with compositional alterations to the hairy region. In particular, the specific degradation of hairy regions, by the introduction of fungal enzymes in potato, enables the assignment of a putative biological function to the constituent polymers of the hairy region. We hypothesize that the most important function of the galactan hairs is to regulate the pore size of the cell wall. The deposition of galactan may restrict the access of modifying enzymes to the wall. In planta fragmentation of the RG I backbone shows severe histological modifications in potato tuber tissue. This suggests that the RG I backbone has an important function for normal potato tuber cell division and tissue development.
Solvent-detergent filtered (S/D-F) fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate minipools prepared in a newly designed integral disposable processing bag system (2009)

Solvent-detergent (S/D) viral inactivation was recently adapted to the treatment of single plasma donations and cryoprecipitate minipools. We present here a new process and a new bag system where the S/D reagents are removed by filtration and the final products subjected to bacterial (0.2 microm) filtration. Recovered and apheresis plasma for transfusion (FFP) and cryoprecipitate minipools (400 +/- 20 mL) were subjected to double-stage S/D viral inactivation, followed by one oil extraction and a filtration on a S/D and phthalate [di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)] adsorption device and a 0.2 microm filter. The initial and the final products were compared for visual appearance, blood cell count and cell markers, proteins functional activity, von Willebrand factor (VWF) multimers and protein profile by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Tri (n-butyl) phosphate (TnBP) was quantified by gas chromatography and Triton X-45 and DEHP by high-performance-liquid chromatography (HPLC). General safety tests were by 6.5 mL/kg intravenous injection in rats. The treated plasmas and cryoprecipitates were very clear and the protein content and functionality, VWF multimers and SDS-PAGE profiles were well preserved. TnBP and Triton X-45 were < 1 and <25 ppm, respectively, and DEHP (about 5 ppm) was less than it was in the starting materials. Blood cell counts and CD45, CD61 and glycophorin A markers were negative. There was no enhanced toxicity in rats. Thus, plasma and cryoprecipitate can be S/D-treated in this new CE-marked disposable integral processing system under conditions preserving protein function and integrity, removing blood cells, S/D agents and DEHP, and ensuring bacterial sterility. This process may offer one additional option to blood establishments for the production of virally inactivated plasma components.
Dual Effects of TRAIL in Suppression of Autoimmunity: The Inhibition of Th1 Cells and the Promotion of Regulatory T Cells (2010)

Abstract TRAIL is known to play a pivotal role in the inhibition of autoimmune disease. We previously demonstrated that administration of dendritic cells engineered to express TRAIL and myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein reduced the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suggested that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) were involved in mediating this preventive effect. In the current study, we investigated the effect of TRAIL on Tregs, as well as conventional T cells, using TRAIL-deficient mice. Upon induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, TRAIL-deficient mice showed more severe clinical symptoms, a greater frequency of IFN-γ–producing CD4+ T (Th1) cells, and a lower frequency of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs than did wild-type mice. In vitro, conventional T cells stimulated by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) from TRAIL-deficient mice showed a greater magnitude of proliferation than did those stimulated by BM-DCs from wild-type mice. In contrast, TRAIL expressed on the stimulator BM-DCs enhanced the proliferative response of CD4+CD25+ Tregs in the culture. The functional TRAILR, mouse death receptor 5 (mDR5), was expressed in conventional T cells and Tregs upon stimulation. In contrast, the decoy receptor, mDc-TRAILR1, was slightly expressed only on CD4+CD25+ Tregs. Therefore, the distinct effects of TRAIL may be due to differences in the mDc-TRAILR1 expression or the signaling pathways downstream of mouse death receptor 5 between the two T cell subsets. Our data suggest that TRAIL suppresses autoimmunity by two mechanisms: the inhibition of Th1 cells and the promotion of Tregs.
Evolving Organic Synthesis Fostered by the Pluripotent Phenylsulfone Moiety (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTEvolving Organic Synthesis Fostered by the Pluripotent Phenylsulfone MoietyAhmad El-Awa, Mohammad N. Noshi, Xavier Mollat du Jourdin, and Philip L. Fuchs*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, 560 Oval Drive, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 6, 2315–2349Publication Date (Web):May 13, 2009Publication History Received14 April 2008Published online13 May 2009Published inissue 10 June 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr800309rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr800309rreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5673Altmetric-Citations323LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Anions,Hydrocarbons,Sulfones,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
Using sound to create THz electron dynamics in superlattices (2008)

We show that acoustic waves in semiconductor superlattices can induce high-frequency electron dynamics that depend critically on the wave amplitude. Below a threshold amplitude, the acoustic wave drags electrons through the superlattice with a peak drift velocity overshooting that produced by a static electric field. In this regime, the electrons perform drifting periodic orbits with THz frequencies far above the GHz sound frequencies. When the acoustic wave amplitude exceeds the critical threshold, an abrupt onset of Bloch-like oscillations causes ultra-high negative differential velocity.
Design and Evaluation of Damped Air Bearings at Head-Disk Interface (2010)

Perturbation and modal-analysis methods were employed to systematically study a damped slider’s dynamic characteristics, including an air-bearing slider’s stiffness, damping coefficient, frequency response to translation and wavy motion, natural frequencies, damping ratios, and modal shape-node line. We found that a design with grooves distributed on a trailing pad effectively improved the slider’s damping ratio in the second pitch mode; however, parametric studies revealed that the damping ratio was dependent on the number of grooves, their depth, location, width, length, distribution, orientation, and types. A higher damping ratio could be obtained by optimizing these parameters. The femto slider we designed with distributed damped grooves on a trailing pad had a higher damping ratio in the second pitch mode, and hence, its responses in the second pitch mode were greatly reduced, which were clarified through simulation and an experiment. Some issues on air-bearing stiffness reduction and negative damping at low frequency and contamination and lube pickup on the damped grooves were also evaluated in the experiment. No degradation could be found in the damped slider.
Diagnostic test pattern generation for sequential circuits (2002)

A method to perform diagnostic test generation in sequential circuits by modifying a conventional test generator is presented. The method utilizes circuit netlist modification along with a forced value at primary input in the modified circuit techniques to reduce the computational effort for diagnostic test pattern generation in sequential circuits. Speed-up of the diagnostic ATPG process is achieved by the identification of states that are impossible to justify with three-valued logic.
The potential for increased clinical sensitivity in genetic testing for polyposis colorectal cancer through the analysis of <i>MYH</i> mutations in North American patients: Table 1 (2005)

Mutations in the base excision repair gene MYH were recently implicated in recessive inheritance of colorectal adenomas and carcinomas.1 The majority of patient specimens screened for MYH and described in published reports derive from the United Kingdom, where two missense variants—Y165C and G382D—are the most prevalent mutations in the white population.2–5 The carrier frequency for these two mutations is approximately 2% in the British population.1,4 Some additional mutations were detected at lower frequency in these patients. Two other protein truncating mutations—E466X and Y90X—have been found in individuals of Indian and Pakistani descent, respectively.2,3 Finally, a mutation that deletes codon Glu-466 was reported to be prevalent in Italian patients.6 This evidence supports the view that additional mutations will be discovered showing differences in prevalence between ancestries.

We determined the mutation spectrum for MYH by direct DNA sequencing in 219 anonymous North American patient specimens found negative for APC mutations during clinical genetic testing for risk …
Statistical semantics (1982)

The descriptors or categories assigned to entries in an information system form the basis of most retrieval mechanisms (e.g., menu or key word). These descriptors are the primary means of communication between system designers and end users. In this paper we analyze some of the factors which influence this communication link. Our goal is to uncover some psychological principles that will help us to understand naming and describing behavior and thus improve the communication between designers and users.
An Ambipolar Transporting Naphtho[2,3-<i>c</i>][1,2,5]thiadiazole Derivative with High Electron and Hole Mobilities (2009)

An ambipolar transporting naphtho[2,3-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole derivative with both high electron and hole mobilities has been synthesized via Suzuki cross-coupling. The electron and hole mobilities are 1.7 x 10(-3) cm(2)/ (V.s) and 1.9 x 10(-3) cm(2)/ (V.s) at an electric field of 4.5 x 10(5) V/cm, respectively, as measured by using time-of-flight technique.
The Preparation and the Use of 2-Chloro-2,4-dioxo-3-methyl-1,3,2-thiazaphospholidine, a Highly Reactive Reagent for the Synthesis of<i>S</i>-(<i>N</i>-Methylcarbamoylmethyl) Dialkyl Thiophosphates and Dialkyl Sodium Phosphates (1990)

The synthesis of 2-chloro-2,4-dioxo-3-methyl-1,3,2-thiazaphospholidine (4), a versatile and highly reactive reagent for the synthesis of unsymmetrical S-(N-methylcarbamoylmethyl) dialkyl thiophosphates and dialkyl sodium phosphates, and several reactions with alcohols are reported.
Multiple myeloma terminating in lymphocytic leukemia with B‐lymphocyte membrane markers (1977)

The development of lymphocytic leukemia with a rapidly fatal clinical course is reported in a patient with kappa light-chain multiple myeloma treated with alkeran. The leukemic cells lacked the ultrastructural features of plasma cells but bore readily detectable B-cell markers and resembled lymphocytes under the light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopes. The leukemic phase is perhaps best defined as lymphocytic and probably represents a variant of plasma cell leukemia, in which the cells showed a degree of dedifferentiation from plasma cells to B lymphocytes. The possible relation between these 2 proliferative processes is discussed and the nature of leukemias developing in cases of plasma cell myeloma is briefly reviewed.
Proven Security and Efficiency of Gap Diffie-Hellman Group Blind Signature in E-Commerce (2013)

Recently bilinear pairings have found various applications in cryptosystems. However, a natural open question is to construct a secure and efficient pairing system without the MapToPoint hash function. The new scheme offers a less order of security and efficiency than the existing other signature schemes based on discrete logarithm. Furthermore, our scheme upholds all desirable properties of previous blind signature schemes, and requires general cryptographic hash function instead of MapToPoint hash function that is inefficient and probabilistic. It can apply in more critical systems like e-voting, e-commerce and e-payment systems that need higher security against sophisticated attacks and can preserve participants’ anonymity. The security and efficiency of the proposed method is analyzed and presented. We believe that the proposed idea can be applicable to all other usages for all blind signatures.
Probiotic‐induced suppression of allergic sensitization and airway inflammation is associated with an increase of T regulatory‐dependent mechanisms in a murine model of asthma (2006)

Neonatal application of probiotic bacteria inhibits subsequent allergic sensitization and airway disease in a murine model of asthma by induction of T regulatory cells associated with increased TGF-beta production.
Refining interprocedural change-impact analysis using equivalence relations (2017)

Change-impact analysis (CIA) is the task of determining the set of program elements impacted by a program change. Precise CIA has great potential to avoid expensive testing and code reviews for (parts of) changes that are refactorings (semantics-preserving). However most statement-level CIA techniques suffer from imprecision as they do not incorporate the semantics of the change.