gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of European corn borer larvae on Event 176 Bt corn: influence on survival and fitness (2001)

Abstract European corn borer larvae, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) that have completed development on Event 176 Bt corn hybrids have survived exposure to sublethal doses of the Cry1Ab Bt toxin or are exploiting plant tissues that do not express the toxin. To evaluate the impact of such exposure, diapausing larvae were collected from Event 176 and conventional hybrids and compared for rates of pupation, parasitism, fitness (pupal weight, longevity, and fecundity) and susceptibility to the Cry1Ab toxin. Larvae completing development on Event 176 corn exhibited approximately 10% higher survival rates and correspondingly lower parasitism rates than larvae completing development on conventional hybrids. No significant differences were detected in pupal weight, fecundity, longevity or susceptibility to the Cry1Ab Bt toxin. These results indicate that survival on Event 176 corn are not adversely affect fitness and does not cause increased tolerance to the Cry1Ab toxin in subsequent generations.
ROTATIONAL RHEOMETRY USING COMPLEX GEOMETRIES—A REVIEW (2003)

ABSTRACT There has been significant growth in the use of complex geometries in rotational rheometry over the last decade. This article reviews the recent technical advances in both the theory and application of such geometries in the rheological measurement of fluid foods. Applications reviewed include the rheological characterization of complex fluids, scale‐up analysis and the simulation of mixing or reactor unit processes. Novel techniques to overcome the principal limitation associated with use of complex geometries, namely ill‐defined shear rates, are discussed in detail. Obtaining rheological measurements using complex geometries offers numerous benefits in fluid food analysis, facilitating improved product characterization and the provision of previously unmeasurable data.
ON THE NATURE OF ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN SOLUTION (1973)

In this paper, the two models of activation, thermal and electrostatic, are compared in their application to proton discharge at electrodes. The assumption of the insufficiency of thermally activated states for the bonds for which hm;» kT to sustain the reaction has been proved to be wrong in the case of the activation of O-H+ bond. Recent spectro­ scopic evidence has been given to show the existence of the continuum of energy states for OH+ stretching. A detail calculation has been made to estimate the probability of having the activation energy (20 kcal/mole) by electrostatic fluctuation of the solvent. This probability of fluc­ tuation is found negligible and also the energy of activation contribution from the inner solvation shell insignificant. From the electrostatic fluctuation the number of activated H30+ states has been calculated to be much less than the required amount to sustain the reaction.
Comparative Emissions from Natural Gas and Diesel Buses (1995)

Data has been gathered using the West Virginia University Heavy Duty Transportable Emissions Laboratories from buses operating on diesel and a variety of alternate fuels in the field. Emissions data are acquired from buses using the Central Business District cycle reported in SAE Standard J1376; this cycle has 14 ramps with 20 mph (32.2 km/h) peaks, separated by idle periods. During the three years of testing, a significant fraction of emissions data was acquired from buses with Cummins L-10 engines designed to operate on either CNG or diesel. The CNG lean burn engines were spark ignited and throttled. Early CNG engines, which were pre-certification demonstration models, have provided the bulk of the data, but data from 9 buses with more advanced technology were also available. It has been found that carbon monoxide (CO) levels from early Cummins L-10 CNG powered buses varied greatly from bus to bus, with the higher values ascribed to either faulty catalytic converters or a rich idle situation, while the later model CNG L-10 engines offered CO levels considerably lower than those typical of diesel engines. The NO{sub x} emissions were on par with those from diesel L-10 buses. Those natural gas buses with engines adjustedmore » correctly for air-fuel ratio, returned very low emissions data. CNG bus hydrocarbon emissions are not readily compared with diesel engine levels since only the non-methane organic gases (NMOG) are of interest. Data show that NMOG levels are low for the CNG buses. Significant reduction was observed in the particulate matter emitted by the CNG powered buses compared to the diesel buses, in most cases the quantity captured was vanishingly small. Major conclusions are that engine maintenance is crucial if emissions are to remain at design levels and that the later generation CNG engines show marked improvement over the earlier models. One may project for the long term that closed loop stoichiometry control is desirable even in lean burn applications.« less
Kalium‐μ‐dithio‐bis(pentacyanokobaltat(III)) und Kalium‐μ‐diseleno‐bis(pentacyanokobaltat(III)) (1973)

Abstract Bei der Oxydation von [Co(CN) 5 ] 3− mit Schwefel bzw. Selen werden [Co 2 S 2 (CN) 10 ] 6− bzw. [Co 2 Se 2 (CN) 10 ] 6− erhalten, die als Kaliumsalze K 6 [Co 2 S 2 (CN) 10 ]· 4 H 2 O und K 6 [Co 2 Se 2 (CN) 10 ] · 5 H 2 O isoliert wurden. Der μ‐Dithiokomplex wurde auch aus [Co(CN) 5 ] 3− mit Polysulfid, aus [CoOH(CN) 5 ] 3− mit H 2 S + O 2 sowie aus [Co 2 O 2 (CN) 10 ] 6− mit H 2 S erhalten. Aus den Schwingungsspektren wird eine Brückenstruktur CoSSCo und CoSeSeCo für die neuen Komplexe abgeleitet.
Securing Your Transactions: Detecting Anomalous Patterns In XML Documents (2012)

XML transactions are used in many information systems to store data and interact with other systems. Abnormal transactions, the result of either an on-going cyber attack or the actions of a benign user, can potentially harm the interacting systems and therefore they are regarded as a threat. In this paper we address the problem of anomaly detection and localization in XML transactions using machine learning techniques. We present a new XML anomaly detection framework, XML-AD. Within this framework, an automatic method for extracting features from XML transactions was developed as well as a practical method for transforming XML features into vectors of fixed dimensionality. With these two methods in place, the XML-AD framework makes it possible to utilize general learning algorithms for anomaly detection. Central to the functioning of the framework is a novel multi-univariate anomaly detection algorithm, ADIFA. The framework was evaluated on four XML transactions datasets, captured from real information systems, in which it achieved over 89% true positive detection rate with less than a 0.2% false positive rate.
The expansive phase of magnetospheric substorms 2. The response at synchronous altitude of particles of different energy ranges (1975)

Several previous studies have shown that there are variations in the energetic particle populations at synchronous orbit during periods of substorm activity; however, in these investigations the precise location of the satellite with respect to the longitudinal regime experiencing expansion phase activity has been unknown. In this paper, data from the Lockheed particle detectors on ATS 5 in synchronous orbit and from the meridian line of magnetometers operated by the University of Alberta are correlated for periods of substorm activity where the position of the satellite with respect to the expansion phase regime is known. It is found that changes in the nature of the energetic particle signatures at ATS 5 are correlated with changes in the auroral electrojet structure during the development of the substorm expansive phase. In particular, it is found that marked increases in the fluxes of the energetic particles showing no dispersion among the energy channels occur only when the satellite is on field lines which map to the poleward border of the substorm-intensified westward electrojet. It is further found that when the satellite is on field lines which penetrate the heart of the substorm westward electrojet, one only observes steady high fluxes of energetic particles, and there are no sharp well-defined changes in fluxes associated with continuing impulsive intensifications of the electrojet at its poleward border. It is concluded that the substorm disturbance typically begins at a given latitude and propagates poleward in impulsive steps and that energetic electron enhancements are observed at ATS 5 when the poleward border of the electrojet intensifies in the latitude range of the ATS field line foot. This fact permits the mapping of field lines in the geographic equatorial plane to the earth's surface at specific instants during the substorm expansion phase.
Spectral analysis of resonance ultrasonic spectroscopy: Kramers–Kronig analysis, Fano profiles, and the case of precursor softening in SnTe:Cr (2010)

The analysis of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) spectra is exemplified by the study of elastic softening in single-crystal Sn0.995Cr0.005Te near the ferroelastic phase transition at T≃100 K. Kramers–Kronig analysis of the resonance peaks shows that the elastic response is linear over the entire temperature range. In the paraelastic phase the Cole–Cole plots of the RUS spectra are circles with small gaps that are related to linear damping. In the ferroelastic phase strong coupling with domain boundary movement occurs, and results in distortion of the Cole–Cole circles. The RUS line profiles in the ferroelastic phase are well-described by the sum of a resonance term and a Fano spectrum with a Fano parameter of q=0.46. The general equations and some simple approximations, which can conveniently be used to analyze RUS spectra, are summarized. We expect that this analysis is transportable to a large parameter space and can be applied to most RUS spectra for both ferroic and nonferroic materials.
The evaluation of new high temperature resins for motor insulation (1969)

There is a demand today for insulation which will give satisfactory service at 180C for periods of up to twenty years or more. Motors and other electrical equipment run hotter as a result of performance requirements placed upon them by the designer. Also, the new high speed transportation, mining, nuclear, and metal working installations are now operating in environments of high temperature and high humidity which place a severe electrical and mechanical stress on the insulation.
Materials Science of Conducting Polymers: An Approach to Solid Electrolytic Capacitors with a Highly-Stable Polypyrrole Thin Film (1993)

Abstract This paper summarizes the present status of materials science of conducting polymers relevant to the their technological applications. This paper also describes the development of solid electrolytic capacitors utilizing conducting-polymer thin films as a solid electrolyte. The capacitors are characterized by excellent frequency, temperature and life stabilities and have been put into commercial use in large quantity.
No significant association between <i>SIRT1</i> gene and methamphetamine‐induced psychosis in the Japanese population (2011)

Our findings suggest that SIRT1 gene does not contribute to the development of METH-induced psychosis in the Japanese population. However, a replication study using larger samples should be conducted to obtain conclusive results.
Cavity-length detuning effects and stabilization of a synchronously pumped femtosecond linear dye laser (1988)

We report on the cavity-length detuning characteristics of a synchronously pumped femtosecond linear-resonator cw dye laser. The severe cavity-matching requirement (to within 0.2 μm) for optimum short-pulse generation is addressed by an active cavity-length stabilization scheme based on second-harmonic generation. This allows pulses ~100 fsec in duration to be maintained for periods of several hours.
A Magnetron DC Arc Plasma for Aerosol Analysis (1990)

A direct-current arc device using coaxial electrodes and an external magnetic field is combined with a glass-frit nebulizer for the analysis of metallic elements in aqueous samples. The magnetic field is applied parallel to the electrode axis to produce a magnetron-type rotation of the arc current channel. The resulting plasma is diffuse and is more easily penetrated by the aerosol particles. The plasma is viewed normal to its axis at one end of the cylindrical electrode assembly. The intense continuum background from the current channel is masked by withdrawing the center electrode into the outer cylindrical electrode. The effects of electrode configuration and plasma current on analysis line-to-background ratios are described. Preliminary analytical data are presented for Cu, Mn, Mg, and Ca.
Cunws/rgo Based Transparent Conducting Electrodes As A Replacement Of Ito In Opto-electric Devices (2014)

Transparent electrodes that conduct electrical current and allow light to pass through are widely used as the essential component in various opto-electric devices such as light emitting diodes, solar cells, photodectectors and touch screens. Currently, Indium Tin oxide (ITO) is the best, commercially available transparent conducting electrode (TCE). However, ITO is too expensive owing high cost on indium. Furthermore ITO thin films are too brittle to be used in flexible devices. To fulfill the demand of TCEs for wide range of applications, high performance ITO alternatives are required. Herein we demonstrate an approach for the successful, solution based synthesis of high aspect ratio copper nanowires, which were later combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), in order to produce smooth thin film TCEs on both glass and flexible substrate. Structure and component characterization for these electrodes was carried out through Four Probe, Spectrophotometer, Scanning electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Atomic Field Microscopy (AFM). In addition to the morphological and electrical characterization, these samples were also tested for their durability by carrying out experiments that involved exposure to various environmental conditions and electrode bending. Our fabricated transparent electrodes exhibited high performance with a transmittance of 91.6% and a sheet resistance of 9 O/sq. Furthermore, the electrodes showed no notable loss in performance during the durability testing experiments. Such results make them as replacement for indium tin oxide as a transparent electrode and presents a great opportunity to accelerate the mass development of devices like high efficiency hybrid silicon photovoltaics via simple and rapid soluble processes.
Langmuir–Blodgett multilayers of six compact porphyrin amphiphiles (1996)

By a modification of the Jackson–MacDonald condensation between two symmetrically substituted dipyrrylmethanes, we have synthesised two porphyrin free-base amphiphiles and four metalloporphyrin amphiphiles all of which serve as models for the naturally derived product mesoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester. These compounds have different substituents along their hydrophobic edge to those found in mesoporphyrin IX, which has the sequence Me, Et, Me, Et. Our materials have the sequences (Me)4 or (Et)4 thus making the hydrophobic edge slightly larger, or slightly smaller than that contained in mesoporphyrin IX.Upon an aqueous subphase, Langmuir films were obtained at pressures in the range 14–50 mN dm3 mol–1, with, at full compression, molecular areas of the order of 65 Å2 and angles-of-tilt of the macrocyclic plane to the subphase of some 80°. LAXRD data were taken on Langmuir–Blodgett multilayer films of the (Et)4 compounds which proved to have the threshold minimum magnitude of hydrophobic edge for multilayer formation, with Y-type bilayers being given by the zinc and silver complexes.
Pith, perceived duration and auditory biases : Comparison among languages (2015)

In addition to fundamental frequency height, its movement is also generally assumed to lengthen the perceived duration of syllable-like sounds. The lengthening effect has been observed for some languages (US English, French, SwissGerman, Japanese) but reported to be absent for another (Thai, Latin American Spanish, German). In this work, native speakers of Estonian, Finnish, Mandarin and Swedish performed a two-alternative forced choice duration discrimination experiment with pairs of complex tones varying in several acoustic dimensions. According to a logistic regression analysis, the duration judgements are affected by intensity, f0 level, and f0 movement for all languages, but the strength of these influences varies across languages and a pattern revealed by the relative strengths correlates with phonological properties of the languages. The findings are discussed in the light of current hypotheses of the origin of pitch modulation of perceived duration.
Shock Protection Using Integrated Nonlinear Spring Shock Stops (2006)

This paper reports the fabrication and testing of integrated nonlinear spring shock stops to protect micromachined devices. This approach enables a generic batch micro-packaging technology providing superior shock protection over conventional hard shock stops, and can be conveniently integrated with micromachined devices without additional fabrication processes and excessive area expansion. These advantages are demonstrated by integrating the nonlinear spring shock stops with a capacitive and with a piezoresistive MEMS accelerometer fabricated by different processes. Conducted shock tests reveal that the nonlinear stops provide substantial device survival rate (83%) compared with hard stops (8%). The device fracture mechanisms are also identified
Changes in body composition of human immunodeficiency virus-infected males receiving insulin-like growth factor I and growth hormone. (1996)

Weight loss is a common, persistent characteristic of long term human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection; its full etiology remains unknown. Because treatment with GH has induced nitrogen retention in various catabolic conditions, we designed this study to determine whether a moderate dose of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) combined with a low GH dose could impede the catabolic response seen in HIV-1 infection. A double blind, placebo-controlled study design was used. Subjects in the GH/IGF-I treatment group (n = 44) and control group (n = 22) continued to receive their routine stable antiretroviral therapy. No patient had a recent history of opportunistic infection, malignancy, or Kaposi's sarcoma and had dietary intakes of at least 25 Cal/kg weight.day at study entry. During the 12-week study period, dietary instruction was given, and subjects were encouraged to maintain an intake of 35 Cal/kg and 1 g protein/kg. All subjects had a body mass index of 19.8 kg/m2 or less at the time of study entry or a weight loss of 10% or more of their premorbid weight and a body mass index below 26.1 kg/m2. The treatment group received 0.34 mg (0.68 mg/day) GH, twice daily, and 5.0 mg (10 mg/day) IGF-I, twice daily. Changes in body composition of total body potassium (TBK), total body nitrogen (TBN), fat-free mass (FFM), and body fat (Fat) were examined at 6 and 12 weeks during the treatment period. TBK, TBN, FFM, and Fat for the treatment and placebo groups were, on the average, below normal at study entry. At 6 weeks, the GH/IGF-I group showed a significant increase in FFM (P < 0.0001), a minimal increase in TBK (P < 0.05), and a substantial decrease in Fat (P < 0.01) compared with baseline values. The loss of body fat continued to be significant (P < 0.01) in the GH/IGF-I group treatment at 12 weeks, whereas the increase in FFM was minimal (P < 0.05). No significant changes in the mean body composition occurred at 6 or 12 weeks in the placebo group. By 12 weeks, neither TBK (body cell mass) nor TBN (total protein mass) had significantly increased relative to the values at baseline, although the FFM remained elevated. Thus, the combined GH and IGF-I doses used in this study in adult males with HIV-associated weight loss were ineffective in producing a sustained anabolic response and, in fact, resulted primarily in a significant loss of body fat.
Elevated plasma ghrelin levels in night eating syndrome (2005)

Night eating syndrome (NES) is a rare syndrome that includes disturbances of both eating and sleeping. It is characterized by awakening in the middle of the night, getting out of bed and consuming large quantities of food, then returning to sleep. The NES is associated with depression, elevated serum levels of cortisol, and blunting of the usual nighttime increase of the levels of melatonin and leptin. Ghrelin is an endogenous ligand of the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue (GHS) receptor, stimulates GH release, appetite, and weight gain in humans and rodents. We examined nocturnal secretion of plasma ghrelin and other hormones of a 27 year old female patient between 2200 and 0700 and polysomnographic recordings were obtained from 2300 to 0700. Ghrelin plasma concentrations and other hormornes were measured before treatment with a SSRI, during remission under a SSRI and after finishing treatment. Plasma ghrelin levels of our patient were about threefold higher compared to average ghrelin levels of healthy young women. No significant change of the elevated ghrelin plasma concentration was observed after successful treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram. Other hormones tested like cortisol, ACTH, leptin and GH were in the normal range, during all stages of the illness and after remission. Ghrelin might be a keyplayer in the aetiology of this syndrome because of its known capacity to stimulate appetite.
B.S.T.J. briefs: Adhesive sandwich optical fiber ribbons (1977)

In 1974 a proposal was made to put optical fibers together into easily handled units for optical communication purposes.1 This proposal suggested “the use of fiber ribbons consisting of linear arrays of fibers embedded in a thin, flexible supporting medium as components of a cable for fiber transmission systems.” This note is a brief description of fiber ribbons made by sandwiching fibers between two layers of polyester-backed adhesive (adhesive sandwich ribbons).
Effects of insulin, cortisol and prolactin on lipid, protein and casein syntheses in goat mammary tissue in organ culture (1982)

The actions of insulin, prolactin and cortisol on protein, lipid and casein syntheses were examined in goat mammary explants in culture. The synthesis of the three products was stimulated by insulin and prolactin associated or not with cortisol. Casein synthesis was stimulated only when prolactin was present in the culture medium. Prolactin alone was able to significantly support the induction of casein synthesis. After preculture in the presence of insulin alone, the tissue lost part of its capacity to respond to the prolactin stimulus but, when precultured in the presence of insulin + cortisol, it retained its total sensitivity. These data suggest that insulin, prolactin and cortisol are involved in the maintenance of goat mammary tissue in culture but that prolactin essentially stimulates milk synthesis.