gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement technique for methane concentration by wavelength scanning of a distributed-feedback laser (2008)

A new technique which takes advantage of distributed-feedback (DFB) laser wavelength scanning to measure methane concentration is presented. A wavelength scan of the methane absorption peak at 1665.9 nm is realized using sawtooth modulation of the current injected to a DFB laser. A reference methane gas cell is used to find the methane absorption peak around 1666 nm, and normalization is used to reduce outside influences such as power drift and fiber loss. The concentration is derived by arithmetic processing of the absorption coefficient of the methane gas. An application test is carried out in a coal mine and a long-term precision of 0.05% is achieved.
Lightning effects on the NASA F-8 digital fly-by-wire airplane (1975)

The effects of lightning on a Digital Fly-By-Wire (DFBW)aircraft control system were investigated. The aircraft was a NASA operated F-8 fitted with a modified Apollo guidance computer. Current pulses similar in waveshape to natural lightning, but lower in amplitude, were injected into the aircraft. Measurements were made of the voltages induced on the DFBW circuits, the total current induced on the bundles of wires, the magnetic field intensity inside the aircraft, and the current density on the skin of the aircraft. Voltage measurements were made in both the line-to-ground and line-to-line modes. Voltages measured at the non-destructive test level were then scaled upward to determine how much would be produced by actual lightning. A 200,000 ampere severe lightning flash would produce between 40 and 2000 volts in DFBW circuits. Some system components are expected to be vulnerable to these voltages.
4‐Acyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐2‐methyl‐2,5‐methano‐benz‐1,4‐oxazepine, Derivate eines neuen Heterocyclus (1991)

Zwei Rotamere, die im festen Zustand bei Raumtemperatur stabil sind und getrennt isoliert werden konnten, bildet der Heterocyclus 1 . Durch Variieren der Kristallisationsmethode konnten zwei Modifikationen erhalten werden, die sich in der Stellung der Carbonylgruppe am Stickstoffatom unterscheiden: Entweder zeigt die CO‐Gruppe zum Benzolring (Bild rechts) oder sie weist davon weg. magnified image
A Shearlet Approach to Edge Analysis and Detection (2009)

It is well known that the wavelet transform provides a very effective framework for analysis of multiscale edges. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the shearlet transform: a multiscale directional transform with a greater ability to localize distributed discontinuities such as edges. Indeed, unlike traditional wavelets, shearlets are theoretically optimal in representing images with edges and, in particular, have the ability to fully capture directional and other geometrical features. Numerical examples demonstrate that the shearlet approach is highly effective at detecting both the location and orientation of edges, and outperforms methods based on wavelets as well as other standard methods. Furthermore, the shearlet approach is useful to design simple and effective algorithms for the detection of corners and junctions
Interaction of wide band gap single crystals with 248 nm excimer laser radiation. IV. Positive ion emission from MgO and NaNO3 (1996)

We report quadrupole mass-selected, time-of-flight measurements of Mg+ from polished, single crystal MgO and Na+ from cleaved, single crystal NaNO3 exposed to 248 nm (5 eV) laser radiation. A large fraction of the ions emitted from these materials have energies well above the energy of the incident photon. As the fluence is raised from low values, the ion intensities show thresholdlike behavior with a high-order fluence dependence (roughly sixth order). At still higher fluences, the fluence dependence of Mg+ from MgO decreases to roughly second order. We attribute these emissions to weakly bound ions adsorbed atop surface electron traps; when the underlying vacancy is photoionized, the adsorbed ion is electrostatistically ejected at high energy. We argue that several photons are required to ionize a surface electron trap beneath an adsorbed ion, accounting for the high-order fluence dependence and satisfying conservation of energy. (Several 5 eV photons are required to produce a 10 eV ion.) We show that a sequence of single-photon absorption events involving photoionization, charge transfer, and retrapping account for this unusual fluence dependence. These emission intensities are strong functions of surface treatments which increase defect densities, e.g., abrasion in the case of MgO and electron bombardment in the case of NaNO3.
West Himalayan Bǒhbi and Ṣiṇā Bodῠ (1927)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Welcoming Janet Newman with a <i>BLAST</i> on crystallization strategy (2019)

With this Editorial I would like to welcome Janet Newman as Section Editor of Acta Crystallographica F, Structural Biology Communications. Janet is a Principal Scientist at the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) in Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Director of the Collaborative Crystallisation Centre (C3) and an experienced all-round crystallographer, with particular expertise in the difficult problem of macromolecular crystallization. She has published many papers in IUCr journals – the current count being 13 in Acta Cryst. D and 20 in Acta Cryst. F.
Natural history of chronic rejection in heart-lung transplant recipients. (1990)

Chronic rejection is the major cause of death of long-term survivors of heart-lung transplantation. Of our 61 patients who have received heart-lung transplants, 29 have been followed up for a year or longer. Seven patients had clinical evidence of chronic rejection within 15 months of transplantations of these seven, four died with postmortem confirmation of extensive obliterative bronchiolitis, interstitial and pleural fibrosis, and vascular sclerosis in the heart and lungs. All seven patients had evidence on transbronchial biopsy specimens of submucosal fibrosis and vascular sclerosis. Twelve of our remaining patients have shown similar areas of lung fibrosis on transbronchial biopsy specimens, and the other 10 are well and without fibrosis seen on transbronchial biopsy specimens. Studies of the 201 biopsy specimens obtained from 29 patients confirmed rejection on 130 occasions, with more frequent, more persistent, and more severe rejection in the chronic-rejection group than in the without-fibrosis or lung-fibrosis group. Opportunistic infections resulted in pneumonia on 19 occasions, and these were most commonly found in patients with lung fibrosis. We conclude that chronic lung rejection is the likely outcome in patients with early, poorly controlled, severe rejection.
Methods of positioning with navigation satellites (2012)

“It is impossible to achieve theoretical understanding of the universe without instruction”Claudius Ptolemy, Almagest.
Bacterial Virulence Factors are Associated With Occurrence of Acute Pyelonephritis but Not Renal Scarring (2010)

Bacterial virulence factors and host factors are associated with the occurrence of acute pyelonephritis. Host factors such as patient age and vesicoureteral reflux severity modify the influence of virulence factors, although only host factors are associated with the occurrence of renal scarring.
Transfer of Human CD4<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes Producing Beta Interferon in Hu-PBL-SCID Mice Controls Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (1999)

Beta interferon (IFN-beta) exerts pleiotropic antiretroviral activities and affects many different stages of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectious cycle in IFN-treated cells. To explore whether transfer of genetically engineered human CD4(+) T cells producing constitutively low amounts of IFN-beta can eradicate HIV in vivo, we developed a new Hu-PBL-SCID mouse model supporting a persistent, replicative HIV infection maintained by periodic reinoculations of activated human CD4(+) T cells. Transferring human CD4(+) T cells containing the IFN-beta retroviral vector drastically reduced the preexisting HIV infection and enhanced CD4(+) T-cell survival and Th1 cytokine expression. Furthermore, in 40% of the Hu-PBL-SCID mice engrafted with IFN-beta-transduced CD4(+) T cells, HIV-1 was undetectable in vivo as well as after cocultivation of mouse tissues with human phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphoblasts. These results indicate that a therapeutic strategy based upon IFN-beta transduction of CD4(+) T cells may be an approach to controlling a preexisting HIV infection and allowing immune restoration.
Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder. Ultrastructural and immunologic studies (1980)

The histologic, ultrastructural, and immunologic features of an inverted urinary bladder papilloma were studied with thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy, a specific red blood cell adherence test, and through analysis of urine carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). The increased number of gap junctions and desmosomes, the presence of thickened and reduplicated basal laminae, and the normal CEA levels found in association with this neoplasm, correlate well with its generally predictable benign behavior.
Electrical properties of a W-B-N Schottky contact to GaAs (1998)

We have achieved the highest barrier height (0.90 eV) with a Schottky contact scheme of W-B-N/GaAs after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 700 °C, and even after the RTA at 900 °C, its barrier height (0.77 eV) is relatively higher than those of W (0.55 eV) and W-N/GaAs Schottky contacts (0.68 eV). Deep level transient spectroscopy and carrier density profile measurements show that the higher barrier height and lower leakage current of the W-B-N/GaAs diode are due to the W-B-N film that suppresses changes of the surface carrier and EL2 trap concentrations after the RTA.
Software Development Effort Estimation: Formal Models or Expert Judgment? (2009)

Which is better for estimating software project resources: formal models, as instantiated in estimation tools, or expert judgment? Two luminaries, debate this question in this paper. For this debate, they're taking opposite sides and trying to help software project managers figure out when, and under what conditions, each method would be best.
Advanced surface protection for improved reliability PCB systems (ASPIS) (2012)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to detail progress on the European Commission supported FP7 ASPIS project that is undertaking a multi‐faceted approach to develop novel and improved nickel‐gold (ENIG) solderable finish chemistries and processes in order to overcome issues such as “black pad” that are known to cause reliability issues. Design/methodology/approach The ASPIS project has four key and discrete approaches; research into “black pad” formation mechanisms, development of new aqueous chemical deposition methods, formulation of new processes based on ionic liquids and the development of prognostic screening tools to enable early prediction of reliability issues. Findings Key factors influencing “black pad” formation include immersion gold bath pH value, concentration of citrate and thickness of the immersion gold layer. In addition, copper substrate preparation is also important. Work to develop new metal deposition processes using ionic liquids has also been demonstrated and may provide a viable alternative to more conventional aqueous based chemistries, thereby enabling some of the conditions that lead to “black pad” to be avoided. Research limitations/implications This paper summarises the work carried out in the first year of a three‐year project and so the outputs to date are relatively limited. The project is continuing for another two years, when further progress will be made. It is hoped to report this progress in a future update paper. Originality/value The ASPIS project has undertaken multiple approaches to the development of new high reliability nickel gold finishes and this combination of approaches should offer synergies over more discrete traditional methodologies. As well as undertaking a detailed analysis of the mechanisms causing reliability problems, radical new formulation and prognostic approaches are also being developed.
FETAL RESPONSE TO ANTIGENIC STIMULUS. III. GAMMA-GLOBULIN PRODUCTION IN NORMAL AND STIMULATED FETAL LAMBS. (1963)

Summary In addition to “β 2A -” and β 2M -globulins, the serum of adult sheep contains 7 S γ-globulins composed of two cross-reacting components, an electrophoretically fast and a more slowly migrating component. The appearance of each of these components in the sera of stimulated fetal lambs at different times suggests that they may be functionally distinct. The normal fetal lamb during the latter half of gestation has small amounts of β 2M and 7 S γ-globulin in its serum. Tissue culture results indicate that the β 2M -protein is produced predominantly in the spleen, with some production also evident in the lymph nodes. This technique has also indicated the production by normal fetal lymph nodes of a slowly migrating γ-globulin which appears to be distinct from the fast and slow γ-globulins that appear after stimulation. In response to antigenic stimulus, a heightened production of β 2M protein is induced. In the absence of complete adjuvant, little 7 S γ-globulin is formed. The presence of adjuvant in the stimulus elicits the production of relatively great amounts of fast γ-globulin, and only much later of slow γ-globulin and of β 2A -globulin. Large amounts of 7 S γ-globulin may be present in the fetal serum even in the absence of detectable circulating antibody, or in cases in which the antibody that is produced is predominantly associated with β 2M -globulin. These observations are discussed in relation to the possibility that some of the γ-globulin formed by the fetal lamb may lack specific antibody function.
Accuracy of a hybrid Fast Physical Optics scheme for the analysis of dual reflector antennas (2006)

A novel hybrid Fast Physical Optics (FPO) algorithm for the analysis of dual reflector antennas is presented. A two-level FPO algorithm for the subreflector to main reflector propagation is proposed and combined with the multilevel FPO that is used for the main reflector to far-field computation. The accuracy of the proposed method is studied by comparison with the direct physical optics evaluation of the near and far fields.
Enhanced interband-resonant light modulation by intersubband-resonant light in selectively n-doped quantum wells (1995)

The interband-resonant light modulation by the intersubband-resonant light in selectively n-doped quantum wells is investigated. The modulation efficiency depends greatly on the degree of nonlinear optical coupling between the interband and intersubband-resonant lights. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the selective n-doping in the barrier layers of the quantum wells is very effective to increase the nonlinear coupling degree and thus the modulation efficiency. The thermal and the hot carrier effects on the modulation are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pseudo Gamma Ray Inversion Using Artificial Neural Networks from Seismic Survey (2003)

T026 PSEUDO GAMMA RAY INVERSION USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FROM SEISMIC SURVEY 1 N.KESKES and F.MANSANNE TOTALFINALELF Scientific and Technical Center PAU France Abstract : Recent research and investigations in reservoir parameter characterization based on seismic data have started to show encouraging progress ([2] [3]). Gamma Ray (GR) Logs provide essential information on petrophysical properties measured along a given well bore that can be used to appreciate various fluid effects and localize top and base reservoir sequences. Since this information is available only for wells so it would be interesting to avail of this information beyond wells. When seismic is
ChemInform Abstract: Graphitic Nanotubes Formed by Programmed Self‐Assembly (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Probing the primary donor environment in the histidineM200 .fwdarw. leucine and histidineL173 .fwdarw. leucine heterodimer mutants of Rhodobacter capsulatus by light-induced Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy (1992)

Light-induced P+QB-/PQB FTIR difference spectra of reaction centers (RCs) have been obtained from chromatophores lacking light-harvesting B800-850 antenna for Rhodobacter capsulatus wild type (WT) and for the two mutants HisM200-->Leu and HisL173-->Leu. The primary donor (P) in both mutants consists of a bacteriochlorophyll-bacteriopheophytin heterodimer. The most prominent difference between the WT and the mutant spectra is in the 1600-1200-cm-1 region. The WT spectrum displays large positive bands at approximately 1290, 1500-1430, and 1580-1530 cm-1. These three bands are either small or altogether absent in the heterodimer spectra. In addition, both heterodimer spectra compare well with the electrochemically generated BChla+/BChla spectrum [Mäntele, W.G., Wollenweber, A. M., Nabedryk, E., & Breton, J. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 8468-8472]. These observations indicate that the positive charge is localized on the monomeric BChl in the heterodimers. The overall shape of the ester and keto C = O signals in the BChla+/BChla spectrum is maintained in the in situ spectra although significant differences are observed in the frequency, width, and splitting of the bands. The shape of the signal at 1757/1744 cm-1 in HisL173-->Leu is comparable to the 1751/1737-cm-1 signal of BChla+/BChla in tetrahydrofuran, indicating a free 10a ester C = O of PM in HisL173-->Leu. The reduced amplitude of the negative 1740-cm-1 feature in both HisM200-->Leu and WT spectra suggests a hydrogen-bonded 10a ester C = O for PL.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Perivascular Adipose Tissue Harbors Atheroprotective IgM-Producing B Cells (2017)

Adipose tissue surrounding major arteries (Perivascular adipose tissue or PVAT) has long been thought to exist to provide vessel support and insulation. Emerging evidence suggests that PVAT regulates artery physiology and pathology, such as, promoting atherosclerosis development through local production of inflammatory cytokines. Yet the immune subtypes in PVAT that regulate inflammation are poorly characterized. B cells have emerged as important immune cells in the regulation of visceral adipose tissue inflammation and atherosclerosis. B cell-mediated effects on atherosclerosis are subset-dependent with B-1 cells attenuating and B-2 cells aggravating atherosclerosis. While mechanisms whereby B-2 cells aggravate atherosclerosis are less clear, production of immunoglobulin type M (IgM) antibodies is thought to be a major mechanism whereby B-1 cells limit atherosclerosis development. B-1 cell-derived IgM to oxidation specific epitopes (OSE) on low density lipoproteins (LDL) blocks oxidized LDL-induced inflammatory cytokine production and foam cell formation. However, whether PVAT contains B-1 cells and whether atheroprotective IgM is produced in PVAT is unknown. Results of the present study provide clear evidence that the majority of B cells in and around the aorta are derived from PVAT. Interestingly, a large proportion of these B cells belong to the B-1 subset with the B-1/B-2 ratio being 10-fold higher in PVAT relative to spleen and bone marrow. Moreover, PVAT contains significantly greater numbers of IgM secreting cells than the aorta. ApoE<sup>-/-</sup> mice with B cell-specific knockout of the gene encoding the helix-loop-helix factor Id3, known to have attenuated diet-induced atherosclerosis, have increased numbers of B-1b cells and increased IgM secreting cells in PVAT relative to littermate controls. Immunostaining of PVAT on human coronary arteries identified fat associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) harboring high numbers of B cells, and flow cytometry demonstrated the presence of T cells and B cells including B-1 cells. Taken together, these results provide evidence that murine and human PVAT harbor B-1 cells and suggest that local IgM production may serve to provide atheroprotection.
Detection of adenocarcinoma in peritoneal washings by staining with monoclonal antibody B72.3. (1989)

Peritoneal washings are routinely performed in the staging evaluation of carcinomas of the ovary and in "second-look" explorations; major problems in the evaluation of these specimens continue to be the distinction between atypical mesothelium and adenocarcinoma and the identification in an otherwise inflammatory specimen of rare cells of adenocarcinoma, which may be undetected by the most trained individual. Monoclonal antibody (MAb) B72.3, reactive with an oncofetal, tumor-associated glycoprotein (termed TAG-72; MW greater than 1000 kd) expressed in a variety of epithelial malignancies but not generally expressed in benign or malignant mesothelium, was reacted with sections from the paraffin-embedded cell blocks of 185 peritoneal washings from 180 patients with extant cancer or a prior history of malignancy. One hundred four of the washings were initially interpreted as atypical mesothelium, with no evidence of malignancy; when reacted with MAb B72.3, 6 of these specimens demonstrated groups of metastatic adenocarcinoma cells not appreciated by the usual cytologic criteria. Of the 81 washings interpreted as showing cells of adenocarcinoma, 73 demonstrated expression of TAG-72 from both gynecologic and nongynecologic malignancies. In the remaining 49 cases without an associated malignant process, MAb B72.3 did not stain atypical mesothelium, but did react, however, with benign endometrial cells and müllerian inclusions in two cases. MAb B72.3 may be used as a diagnostic adjunct to the routine cytologic evaluation of malignancy in peritoneal washings; reactivity with MAb B72.3 may indicate the need for further evaluation to define the presence of a malignancy or an advanced cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Rearrangements of Small Cycloalkanes: Regioselectivity Trends in β‐Carbon Elimination Reactions (2012)

Abstract Review: ca. 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Amido‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐phenalene Derivatives as New Conformationally Restricted Ligands for Melatonin Receptors. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.