gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a new crystalline synthetic gastric antacid, almagate. (1984)

A new crystalline hydrated aluminium-magnesium hydroxycarbonate, almagate (Almax) is described. It has been shown to have an empirical formula Al2 Mg6(OH)14(CO3)2 X 4 H2O X. X-ray diffraction spectra indicate that it is different from other related antacids and that its crystal structure is made up of brucite layers, in which magnesium is replaced by aluminium in the ratio of 3 to 1, interposed with negatively charged layers containing carbonate ions and water. Analysis of the IR spectra suggests that the interstitial carbonate is coordinated to both metals. Differential thermal analysis demonstrates that almagate has good thermal stability and measurement of its antacid activity shows that it has a rapid neutralization velocity and a high acid consuming capacity.
[The incorporation of macromolecules into the germ cells of male mice via electroporation and dimethyl sulfoxide]. (1990)

Electroporation (incorporation of macromolecules into the living cells by means of electric pulses) provides inclusion of plasmid 14C-DNA into immature cells of spermatogenic epithelium. The highest level of foreign DNA incorporation into spermatocytes and spermatids has been induced by 8kV electric pulses applied 3 times with 20 sec intervals. Meanwhile, mature sperms are found to be exclusively resistant to exogenous DNA irrespective of the voltage level, the number of pulses and Ca++ uptake (contents). Incubation of mature sperms for two hours in the medium with Ca++ (10 mM) and dimethylsulfoxide--(DMSO, 33%) provides highly reliable incorporation of plasmid 14C-DNA into sperm heads. The sperm cells with foreign DNA incorporated by means of Ca++ and DMSO treatment still remain alive and mobile. The possibilities of mature sperms loaded with foreign DNA for the creation of transgenic mammals are discussed.
Novel small molecule, XZH‐5, inhibits constitutive and interleukin‐6‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells (2011)

Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling is constitutively activated in many types of human cancers and cancer cell lines and represents a promising target for cancer therapy. We previously reported that the STAT3 signaling pathway is constitutively activated in human rhabodomyosarcoma cell lines (RH28, RH30 and RD2). We also demonstrated that inhibition of the STAT3 pathway led to apoptosis in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of a novel small molecule, XZH-5, on the STAT3 signaling pathway in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. XZH-5 was designed based on STAT3 structure, and our idea was to design peptide mimics to bind to the phosphorylated Tyr705 site and the side pocket. We found that XZH-5 downregulated STAT3 phosphorylation. The inhibition of STAT3 by XZH-5 was confirmed by the inhibition of STAT3 DNA binding ability and the downregulation of STAT3 downstream genes, such as Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Cyclin D1 and Survivin; we also demonstrated that blockade of STAT3 phosphorylation in human rhabdomyosarcoma cells with XZH-5 caused apoptosis and suppressed colony-forming ability and cell migration. In addition to reducing constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation, XZH-5 also exhibited the potency to block interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation but did not inhibit the stimulation of STAT1 phosphorylation by interferon (IFN)-γ. Our findings indicate that XZH-5 has the potential for targeting human rhabdomyosarcoma cells expressing constitutive STAT3.
Imaging Central Nervous System Demyelination and Remyelination by Positron-Emission Tomography (2016)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET), an imaging technique based on the injection of radiotracers directed against specific biological targets within brain tissues, within brain tissues, is a specific and sensitive technique which offers the unique opportunity to quantify myelin dynamics in the central nervous system. Several stilbene and benzothiazole derivatives have been repurposed to image myelin by PET. In demyelinating and dysmyelinating models, selected radiotracers were shown to reliably quantify demyelination and remyelination, allowing a translational approach in humans. A pilot study in subjects with active relapsing MS using PET and the most available benzothiazole derivative, [<sup>11</sup>C]PIB, supported the hypothesis that this technique is able to quantify myelin content in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and to capture dynamic demyelination and remyelination over time. This study highlighted for the first <i>time in vivo</i> the prognostic value of individual profiles of remyelination on the disease course. In future, the clinical application of myelin PET will be pushed forward thanks to the availability of novel fluorinated tracers for myelin, together with the setting up of non invasive quantification procedures and the use of powerful PET-MR systems. This will enable to address <i>in vivo</i> critical unanswered questions about the pathogenesis of remyelination, and to measure the efficacy of emerging promyelinating drugs in early-phase therapeutic trials.
Rhodium(I) Complexes with OPPy2Ph and OPPy3 (Py = 2-Pyridyl), and Their Behavior in Hydrogenation Reactions (2001)

The reaction of [Rh2(µ-Cl)2(COD)2] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) or [Rh2(µ-Cl)2(TFB)2] (TFB = tetrafluorobenzobicyclo[2.2.2]octatriene) with the N-donor chelating ligand OPPy2Ph (Py = 2-pyridyl) in the presence of TlBF4 affords cationic complexes [Rh(diene)(OPPy2Ph)](BF4) (1, diene: COD; 2, diene: TFB). Compounds 1 or 2 react with CO to give [Rh(CO)2(OPPy2Ph)](BF4) (4), which is also obtained by treatment of [Rh2(µ-Cl)2(CO)4] with OPPy2Ph and TlBF4. In a similar way, the complexes [Rh(diene)(OPPy3)](BF4) (5, diene: COD; 6, diene: TFB) are obtained when using OPPy3; they react with CO to give [Rh2(µ-CO)3(OPPy3)2](BF4)2 (9). The behavior of the complexes in solution is reported. The complexes with OPPy3, 5 and 6, show equivalence of the three Py groups in their NMR spectra. Complex 5 is square-planar in the solid state, and in solution, and the uncoordinated and coordinated Py groups undergo fast exchange in solution. Complex 6 is pentacoordinated in the solid state and in solution, and its Py groups exchange their coordination sites in a fast topomerization process. The single-crystal X-ray structures of 5 and 6 have been solved. The behavior of 1 and 5 as catalysts in hydrogenation reactions of cyclohexene, acetone, and cyclohexanone is also reported.
An Ontology Alignment Based on Parse Tree Kernel for Combining Structural and Semantic Information without Explicit Enumeration of Features (2008)

The ontology alignment has two kinds of major problems. First, the features used for ontology alignment are usually defined by experts, but it is highly possible for some critical features to be excluded from the feature set. Second, the semantic and the structural similarities are usually computed independently, and then they are combined in an ad-hoc way where the weights are determined heuristically. This paper proposes the modified parse tree kernel (MPTK) for ontology alignment. In order to compute the similarity between entities in the ontologies, a tree is adopted as a representation of an ontology. After transforming an ontology into a set of trees, their similarity is computed using MPTK without explicit enumeration of features. In computing the similarity between trees,the approximate string matching is adopted to naturally reflect not only the structural information but also the semantic information. According to a series of experiments with a standard data set, the kernel method outperforms other structural similarities such as GMO. In addition, the proposed method shows the state-of-the-art performance in the ontology alignment.
A class of binary rate one-half convolutional codes that allows an improved stack decoder (1980)

A class of binary rate one-half convolutional codes that allows a modified stack decoder are introduced. The distribution of the number of computations per decoded frame is greatly improved. Simulations indicate that for a binary symmetric channel with transition probability <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p=2^{-5}</tex> the modified stack decoder requires less than one-fifth the stack size of the classical implementation.
The Globin-based Free Radical of Ferryl Hemoglobin Is Detected in Normal Human Blood (1997)

Normal human venous blood was studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at -196 degrees C. The EPR signal of free radicals in frozen blood is shown to have the same radiospectroscopic parameters and properties as the signal of the globin based free radical, .Hb(Fe(IV)=O), formed in the reaction of purified methemoglobin (metHb) with H2O2 and therefore has been assigned as such. The globin-based radicals and metHb exhibited significant variation (fluctuations) in different frozen samples taken from the same liquid blood sample. In any given sample a high concentration of free radicals was associated with a low concentration of metHb and vice versa, i.e. the fluctuations were always of opposite sense. No such fluctuations were observed in the concentration of two other paramagnetic components of blood, transferrin and ceruloplasmin. The time course of free radical formation and decay upon the addition of H2O2 to purified metHb was studied at three different molar ratios H2O2/metHb. This kinetic study together with the results of an annealing experiment allow us to propose a mechanism for the formation and decay of the globin-based radical in blood. Within this mechanism, the source of H2O2 in blood is considered to be dismutation of O-2 radicals produced via autoxidation of Hb. We postulate that the dismutation is intensified on the phase separation surfaces during cooling and freezing of a blood sample. The fluctuations are explained within this hypothesis.
Brittle-to-ductile transition of lithiated silicon electrodes: Crazing to stable nanopore growth (2015)

Using first principle calculations, we uncover the underlying mechanisms explaining the brittle-to-ductile transition of LixSi electrodes in lithium ion batteries with increasing Li content. We show that plasticity initiates at x = ∼ 0.5 with the formation of a craze-like network of nanopores separated by Si-Si bonds, while subsequent failure is still brittle-like with the breaking of Si-Si bonds. Transition to ductile behavior occurs at x ⩾ 1 due to the increased density of highly stretchable Li-Li bonds, which delays nanopore formation and stabilizes nanopore growth. Collapse of the nanopores during unloading of the LixSi alloys leads to significant strain recovery.
Optimization of High-Speed Train Control Strategy for Traction Energy Saving Using an Improved Genetic Algorithm (2014)

A parallel multipopulation genetic algorithm (PMPGA) is proposed to optimize the train control strategy, which reduces the energy consumption at a specified running time. The paper considered not only energy consumption, but also running time, security, and riding comfort. Also an actual railway line (Beijing-Shanghai High-Speed Railway) parameter including the slop, tunnel, and curve was applied for simulation. Train traction property and braking property was explored detailed to ensure the accuracy of running. The PMPGA was also compared with the standard genetic algorithm (SGA); the influence of the fitness function representation on the search results was also explored. By running a series of simulations, energy savings were found, both qualitatively and quantitatively, which were affected by applying cursing and coasting running status. The paper compared the PMPGA with the multiobjective fuzzy optimization algorithm and differential evolution based algorithm and showed that PMPGA has achieved better result. The method can be widely applied to related high-speed train.
Numerical modeling of rock cutting and its associated fragmentation process using the finite element method (2011)

As the need for reaching fuel reserves at greater depths increases, over the past 30 years scientists have been exploring and developing the technology required to efficiently drill rock at highly pressured environments; yet, there are still gaps in the understanding of the physical phenomena involved. One of the basic problems has to do with the cutter-to-rock interaction during the cutting process. This study employs the Finite Element Method (FEM) to investigate the mechanics of rock cutting because of its flexibility in handling material heterogeneity, nonlinearity and boundary conditions. Using the FEM to model fracturing of a brittle material like rock –and consequently treating its discontinuous chips– is a challenging undertaking that requires the tackling of a sequence of complex problems: As the cutter advances and touches the rock material, a contact problem first arises. This is followed by nonlinear deformation and the determination as to when and whether the rock would fail. Subsequently, the question of how to initiate the fragmentation process has to be resolved if the rock fails. The cycle repeats starting with a new contact problem after new surfaces are generated due to fracture. At present, few researchers have focused on crack initiation and subsequent crack propagation, but even fewer have accounted for actual chip formation, and none has considered the dynamic interaction amongst chips, newly formed surfaces, and the cutter. One important goal of this study is to advance the modeling such that it is possible to follow the cutter in a complete cutting process in a credible manner. A framework of three-dimensional FEM modeling was developed so that the fragmentation process observed in laboratory rock scratching tests could be properly simulated. A thorough calibration of the rock material model was carried out, together with extensive sensitivity analyses of contact models, damage based failure and its associated fracture modeling using the commercial software LS-DYNA. This study was able to obtain ductile failure mode for shallow cuts, and brittle failure for deep cuts as observed in the laboratory, all without a priori setting on the failure modes. Also, cutting force magnitudes and tendencies obtained from the study correlated well with published results of the physical experiments. Moreover, in a limited scope, this study also investigated the effects of applying external hydrostatic pressure on rock cutting. Preliminary numerical results indicate a good comparison with few published data. Lastly, theoretical models for obtaining cutting forces were assessed, providing a better understanding of their limitations and usability.
Boosting immune response with the invariant chain segments via association with non-peptide binding region of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules (2012)

These results suggest that Ii-segments improve specific immune response by binding to the non-PBR on MHC class II molecules and enabling membrane co-localization with MHC II molecules, resulting in the formation of relatively stable MHC II/peptide complexes on the plasma membrane, and signal transduction.
El Parlemento Abierto en la Era Digital (2017)

[extract] La discusion sobre la transparencia y la apertura parlamentaria no es una idea nueva. Las democracias representativas contemporaneas en Europa y las Americas heredaron parlamentos y congresos forjados en el puro espiritu filosofico liberal, que tuvo como principios la deliberacion legislativa abierta al publico y la rendicion de cuentas de los representantes hacia el electorado. En la filosofia liberal se han desarrollado diversas teorias de comunicacion parlamentaria que han contribuido a que academicamente comprendamos mejor los procesos y los resultados de la aplicacion de las teorias. Este articulo tiene el objetivo de traer el aprendizaje de los modelos tradicionales liberales y definir las lecciones y experiencias aplicables a la idea contemporanea de parlamento abierto en la era digital.
Novel Method for Fabrication of Silicon Nitride/Silicon Oxynitride Composite Ceramic Foams Using Fly Ash Cenosphere as a Pore‐Forming Agent (2008)

Silicon nitride/silicon oxynitride (Si 3 N 4 /Si 2 N 2 O) ceramic foams with tailored microstructures were prepared by a gelcasting process using fly ash cenosphere (FAC) as a pore‐forming agent. The slurry has a suitable viscosity so that the floating velocity of FAC in the slurry is slow enough to avoid delamination between the FAC and the matrix during consolidation. Experimental observation showed that a uniform distribution of FAC was achieved in the matrix. Sintering was carried out at 1500°, 1600°, and 1700°C, respectively, for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. X‐ray diffractometry analysis indicated that Si 2 N 2 O was formed via the reaction between FAC and Si 3 N 4 . Microstructural analysis revealed that spherical‐shaped pores obtained from FAC were uniformly dispersed in the composite. Si 3 N 4 /Si 2 N 2 O composite ceramic foams with apparent porosities of 62.0%–67.4% and a bending strength of 21–39 MPa were obtained eventually.
Stress Dependence of Poisson's Ratio and of the Softening Temperature of Plastics (1965)

Poisson's ratio was measured on a variety of plastics as a function of load up to 4000 psi by two methods. Poisson's ratio generally remained constant or decreased slightly with load. However, with crazed polyblends the ratio drastically decreased from 0.33 to 0.15 at high loads applied for long times. The low value can be explained by the growth of cracks perpendicular to the direction of the applied tensile stress. It has been shown that the lowering of the heat-distortion temperature with stress can not be explained in terms of the lowering of the glass temperature resulting from the volume increase on application of a stress. Instead, the lowering of the softening temperature can be explained in terms of the shape of the modulus vs. temperature curve. The new theory agrees quite well with the experimental values. Materials with a broad softening range have a heat-distortion temperature which is strongly dependent upon the load.
Electrokinetic transport of charged solutes in micro‐ and nanochannels: The influence of transverse electromigration (2006)

The accurate prediction of electrokinetic migration velocity and dispersion is crucial to separating electrophoretically charged solutes in micro- or nanochannels. In this paper, we investigate numerically the influence of transverse electromigration (TEM) on the solute electrokinetic transport in a series of micro- and nanochannels. The TEM, often ignored in previous studies, is demonstrated to significantly affect the solute migration velocity in nanochannels and the electrokinetic dispersion in microchannels. This is because the TEM can force either positively charged solutes into or negatively charged solutes out of the electrical double layer that forms adjacent to the negatively charged channel wall and contains the velocity gradients. Analytical solutions are also derived for characterizing the electrokinetic transport of charged solutes in nanochannels, which has been validated to be in good agreement with the numerical simulation. Moreover, we demonstrate that the proposed analytical formula for the solute migration velocity actually applies to channels of any size.
Antibacterial Properties of Novel Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanofiber Containing Silver Nanoparticles (2008)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanofiber containing silver nanoparticles was synthesized by radical-mediated dispersion polymerization and applied to an antibacterial agent. UV-vis spectroscopic analysis indicated that the silver nanoparticles were continually released from the polymer nanofiber in aqueous solution. The antibacterial properties of silver/PMMA nanofiber against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria were evaluated using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the modified Kirby-Bauer method, and a kinetic test. The MIC test demonstrated that the silver/PMMA nanofiber had enhanced antimicrobial efficacy compared to that of silver sulfadiazine and silver nitrate at the same silver concentration.
Electrochemical Evaluation of Constituent Intermetallics in Aluminum Alloy 2024-T3 Exposed to Aqueous Vanadate Inhibitors (2009)

Experiments were conducted to determine how inhibiting forms of vanadate interact with complex Al alloy microconstituent intermetallics to impart corrosion protection. Cathodic polarization experiments on Al 2024-T3 indicate a strong correlation between inhibition and the presence of tetrahedrally coordinated vanadate. Anodic and cathodic polarization curves were measured on bulk synthesized Al_2Cu, Al_2CuMg, Al_7Cu_2Fe, and Al_20Cu_2Mn_3 in alkaline 0.5 M NaCl solutions with and without 10 mM NaVO_3. Vanadate additions generally decreased E_corr, increased E_pit, and decreased the cathodic kinetics of all tested materials. Because of decreased cathodic kinetics, open-circuit potentials (OCPs) were shifted in the active direction in aerated solutions when vanadate was present. This shift pins the OCP just below the observed pitting potential for Al_2CuMg in vanadate solution, effectively preventing breakdown and subsequent support of rapid oxygen reduction by Cu-enriched clusters. E_corr, E_pit, E_rp, i_corr, i_pass, and i at −1.3 V_SCE data from polarization experiments were summarized in cumulative distribution plots, and averages are presented in tabulated format. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al 2024-T3 used for 4 h of OCP measurement show that vanadate greatly decreased circumferential trenching around intermetallic particles in both aerated and deaerated solutions. Potentiostatic hold experiments were used to show suppression of Al_2CuMg dissolution in vanadate solutions.
A Relaxation-Compensated Carr−Purcell−Meiboom−Gill Sequence for Characterizing Chemical Exchange by NMR Spectroscopy (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Relaxation-Compensated Carr−Purcell−Meiboom−Gill Sequence for Characterizing Chemical Exchange by NMR SpectroscopyJ. Patrick Loria, Mark Rance, and Arthur G. PalmerView Author Information Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Columbia University, New York, New York 10032 Department of Molecular Genetics Biochemistry, and Microbiology University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 10, 2331–2332Publication Date (Web):February 26, 1999Publication History Received17 November 1998Revised3 February 1999Published online26 February 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja983961ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja983961arapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5348Altmetric-Citations571LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Colloids,Kinetic parameters,Magnetic properties,Mathematical methods,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts