gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microgrid Protection (2007)

In general, a microgrid can operate in both the grid-connected mode and the islanded mode where the microgrid is interfaced to the main power system by a fast semiconductor switch called static switch, (SS). It is essential to protect a microgrid in both the grid-connected and the islanded modes of operation against all types of faults. The major issue arises in island operation with inverter-based sources. Inverter fault currents are limited by the ratings of the silicon devices to around 2 p.u. rated current. Fault currents in islanded inverter based microgrids may not have adequate magnitudes to use traditional overcurrent protection techniques. The philosophy for protection is to have the same protection strategies for both islanded and grid-connected operation. The static switch is designed to open for all faults.
Phase 2 randomized, flexible crossover, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib in children and young adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 and progressive plexiform neurofibromas (2014)

Tipifarnib was well tolerated but did not significantly prolong TTP of PNs compared with placebo. The randomized, flexible crossover design and volumetric PN assessment provided a feasible and efficient means of assessing the efficacy of tipifarnib. The placebo arm serves as an historical control group for phase 2 single-arm trials directed at progressive PNs.
Velocity Updating from Wavefield-Continuation Migration (2003)

With wavefield-continuation migration methods being used routinely for imaging project in complex areas, the ability to perform Migration Velocity Analysis (MvA) starting from the results of wavefieldcontinuation migration is becorning essential to advanced seismic imaging.
Automatic Parallelization with pMapper (2005)

Algorithm implementation efficiency is key to delivering high-performance computing capabilities to demanding, high throughput signal and image processing applications and simulations. Significant progress has been made in optimization of serial programs, but many applications require parallel processing, which brings with it the difficult task of determining efficient mappings of algorithms. The pMapper infrastructure addresses the problem of performance optimization of multistage MATLABreg applications on parallel architectures. pMapper is an automatic performance tuning library written as a layer on top of pMatlab: Parallel Matlab Toolbox. While pMatlab abstracts the message-passing interface, the responsibility of mapping numerical arrays falls on the user. Choosing the best mapping for a set of numerical arrays is a nontrivial task that requires significant knowledge of programming languages, parallel computing, and processor architecture. pMapper automates the task of map generation. This abstract addresses the design details of pMapper and presents preliminary results
PEG grafting of polyethylenimine (PEI) exerts different effects on DNA transfection and siRNA-induced gene targeting efficacy (2008)

In contrast to PEI(-PEG)/DNA complexes, a broader panel of PEI-PEG are capable of siRNA-mediated gene targeting. Thus, PEG grafting of PEI requires a separate evaluation of siRNA and DNA complexes, which expands the portfolio of available PEI(-PEG) for the preparation of non-toxic, biocompatible siRNA delivery reagents for the induction of RNAi.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance studies of amorphous, orthorhombic, and rhombohedral arsenic (1980)

Pulsed nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) experiments have been performed on three forms of elemental arsenic: amorphous ($a$), rhombohedral ($\mathrm{rh}$), and orthorhombic ($or$). The temperature dependence of the spin-lattice relaxation time (${T}_{1}$) provides evidence for the existence of disorder (tunneling) modes in $a$-As. It is found that the NQR line shape of $a$-As is highly asymmetric, and this asymmetry is attributed to a distribution of dihedral angles in $a$-As. The observed NQR frequencies indicate that the amount of bonding $s$ admixture is different in each material ($\mathrm{rh}$-As: 3%, $or$-As: 7%, $a$-As: 10%). Simple calculations in comparison with x-ray results indicate that the bonding configurations in these three forms of arsenic do not necessarily correspond to maximum overlap of bonding orbitals on adjacent atoms.
Absence of plasma leptin or metabolite variation after subcutaneous melatonin release in adult ewe (2002)

Leptin is mainly secreted by adipose tissue and plays an important role in body homeostasis and in a great number of physiological functions, particularly in reproduction. Sheep is a seasonal ruminant whose reproductive period is initiated during decreasing day lengths. Leptin expression and secretion have shown to be decreased during short days, independently of adipose cell size, feed intake and ovarian activity (Bocquier et al. , 1998). The mechanism by which leptin could be modulated is not well understood (Chilliard and Bocquier, 2000). As nocturnal pineal melatonin secretion is increased during short days, it appears as a potential mediator in the regulation of plasma leptin by photoperiod. The aim of this study was to test this hypothesis by comparing plasma leptin and metabolite concentrations in adult ewes exposed to long days treated (M), or not (LD), with melatonin after 20 and 69 days.
High energy collimating fine grids (1995)

The objective of this project was to demonstrate the fabrication of extremely tight tolerance collimating grids using a high-Z material, specifically tungsten. The approach taken was to fabricate grids by a replication method involving the coating of a silicon grid substrate with tungsten by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). A negative of the desired grid structure was fabricated in silicon using highly wafering techniques developed for the semiconductor industry and capable of producing the required tolerances. Using diamond wafering blades, a network of accurately spaced slots was machined into a single-crystal silicon surface. These slots were then filled with tungsten by CVD, via the hydrogen reduction of tungsten hexafluoride. Following tungsten deposition, the silicon negative was etched away to leave the tungsten collimating grid structure. The project was divided into five tasks: (1) identify materials of construction for the replica and final collimating grid structures; (2) identify and implement a micromachining technique for manufacturing the negative collimator replicas (performed by NASA/JPL); (3) develop a CVD technique and processing parameters suitable for the complete tungsten densification of the collimator replicas; (4) develop a chemical etching technique for the removal of the collimator replicas after the tungsten deposition process; and (5) fabricate and deliver tungsten collimating grid specimens.
Millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits for imaging and remote sensing at 140, 200, and 300 GHz (2009)

Recent advances in MMIC-based solutions dedicated to imaging and sensing applications in the atmospheric windows located around 140, 200 and 300 GHz are presented. The MMICs comprise the individual components of a typical architecture of heterodyne analog frontends, and their combination into MMICs performing several functionalities or with full receiver capability. We discuss low-noise amplifiers up to 300 GHz, frequency multipliers and mixers operating up to 300 GHz, a power amplifier MMIC achieving more than 11 dBm of output power at 140 GHz, and a 200 GHz multi-functional, heterodyne receiver MMIC driven by a subharmonic local oscillator signal with low power requirements.
Robust speech recognition using missing data techniques in the prospect domain and fuzzy masks (2008)

Missing data theory (MDT) has been applied to handle the problem of noise-robust speech recognition. Conventional MDT-systems require acoustic models that are expressed in the log-spectral rather than in the cepstral domain, which leads to a loss in accuracy. Therefore, we have already introduced a MDT-technique that can be applied in any feature domain that is a linear transform of log-spectra. This MDT-system requires hard decisions about the reliability of each spectral component. When computed from noisy data, misclassification errors in the mask are hardly unavoidable and the recognition rate will significantly degrade. The risk of misclassifications can be reduced by estimating a probability that the component is reliable, e.g. a fuzzy mask. In this paper, we extend our MDT-system to be applied in the probabilistic decision framework. Experiments on the Aurora2 database demonstrate a further increase in recognition accuracy, especially at low SNRs.
Methylation status of the <i>p15</i> and <i>p16</i> genes in paediatric myelodysplastic syndrome and juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (2005)

Aberrant DNA methylation is frequently observed in adults with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and is recognized as a critical event in the disease's pathogenesis and progression. This is the first report to investigate the methylation status of p15 and p16, cell cycle regulatory genes, in children with MDS (n = 9) and juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML; n = 18) by using a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction. The frequency of p15 hypermethylation in paediatric MDS was 78% (7/9), which was comparable to that in adult MDS. In contrast, p15 hypermethylation in JMML was a rare event (17%; 3/18). In JMML, clinical and laboratory characteristics including PTPN11 mutations and aberrant colony formation were not different between the three patients with hypermethylated p15 and the others. Aberrant methylation of p16 was not detected in children with either MDS or JMML. Since p15 and p16 genes were unmethylated in two children with JMML, in whom the disease had progressed with an increased number of blasts, a condition referred to as blastic crisis, we infer that the aberrant methylation of these genes is not responsible for the progression of JMML. The results suggest that demethylating agents may be effective in most children with MDS and a few patients with JMML.
Phase-locked arrays of antiguides: model content and discrimination (1990)

Three classes of array modes of closely spaced antiguides are analyzed: coupled fundamental (element) modes, coupled first-order (element) modes, and modes adjacent to coupled fundamental modes. The behavior of coupled fundamental modes as a function of lateral index step is analyzed and explained from a ray-optics point of view. It is found that at resonance, for both coupled fundamental and first-order modes, the array-mode propagation constant is virtually identical to the propagation constant of the mode of a single, unperturbed antiguide. Several types of mode discrimination mechanisms are discussed. For devices with 3- mu m-wide antiguide cores and 1- mu m interelement spacing, intermodal discrimination values of 15-20 cm/sup -1/ can be achieved. Excellent agreement is found between experimental data and theoretical predictions based on the effective-index method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Is the malononitrilamide FK778 better for prevention of acute or chronic rejection? (2007)

Objective: To assess the efficacy of FK778 to prevent acute and chronic allograft rejection in comparison to other immunosuppressive agents.
Reduction of stored energy in a heavily irradiated ceramic (1987)

The decrease of stored energy that accompanies redamage of a metamict ceramic is compared with the calculated elastic strain energy resulting from the volume misfit between the disordered inclusions and the crystalline matrix. In the case of self-damaged CaPuTi2O7 it is found that the elastic energy contributes no more than 20% to the observed energy decrease. The major part of this decrease must be attributed to rearrangement of atoms by the redamage process into configurations of lower energy.
Modification of gellan gum with nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite facilitates cell expansion and spontaneous osteogenesis (2015)

Nanocomposites composed of hydrogels and calcium phosphates are of great interest in the development of bone graft replacements since they may have a structural and compositional resemblance to bone. Culture beads formed from such materials could be used in stirred tank culture and thereby enable cell expansion in a sufficiently efficient manner to allow for the generation of enough large number of cells for large-scale bone reconstruction. Although combinations of materials such as alginate, collagens, and various calcium phosphates have been investigated as culture beads, these materials are unsuitable for application since they have been shown to rapidly degrade in physiological conditions and enable relatively little tailoring of mechanical properties. In this study, gellan gum-nano sized hydroxyapatite (nHA) composites, which have been shown to be resistant to degradation and easily modified with respect to modulus, were formulated and characterized as regards their ability to enable cell attachment and proliferation. It was shown that the addition of 5 wt% of nHA to the culture beads enabled cell attachment and that an increase in nHA concentration to up to 25 wt% enhanced the rate of cell proliferation. Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the addition of nHA to the cell culture beads enabled the formation of nodules in culture of MC3T3-E1 cells and strikingly stimulated the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in the absence of osteogenic media when compared with tissue culture plastic (TCP) with the same condition. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1568-1576. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Forced and induced draft fan design for atmospheric fluidized bed combustion systems. Final report (1984)

This report describes the fan design philosophy currently used in China. It has been written for the general process engineer and does not require any previous knowledge about fans. It is also intended for use by the purchaser of AFBC fans, so he can better understand the fan performance and control limitations. This will assist the purchaser in writing more meaningful specifications to the fan supplier, and to get a better appreciation for the installation, operation and maintenance requirements. For an insight in the US design philosophy, the reader is referred to one of the many publications supported by EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) on the Design and Specification Guidelines for Large Draft Fans and Systems.
The national in‐service courses for science teachers and their effect on educational reform in Mexico (2005)

The educational system in Mexico has undergone important changes in recent decades. One of the most important took place in 1993, when the compulsory character of secondary school (ages 12–15) was established. National In‐service Courses (NICs) were established as a way to bring curricular changes proposed in the reform near to the teachers. The results, according to the National Certification Exams, have not been satisfactory. In this paper, we describe the general context of education in Mexico, putting emphasis on teacher initial preparation and the reform that took place as well as the way in‐service courses are implemented, analyzing their possibilities to bring about real changes in science teaching and learning.
Web tool for worst-case assessment of aberration effects in printing a layout (2003)

A web-based tool is presented that analyzes the worst-case effect of lens aberrations on projection printed layouts. These effects are important to the designer since they can be half as large as those of OPC. They can easily be detected by scanning through the layout and matching the inverse Fourier transform of the aberration function to the local layout geometry at each location of interest. The software system for detecting and quantifying these effects is based on a client/server model, where the user interface runs on the client side as a Java applet and the server has access to the binaries and performs all of the heavy numerical processing. The online system provides direct access to this lithography tool, allowing the user to create custom aberration patterns with Zernike polynomials and input custom mask layouts in either CIF or GDS II formats. As a result of the simulation run, the user is provided with a JPEG image of the match results as well as a text file listing match statistics including coordinate locations of the best matches and the match factors.
Metal dimers as catalysts. Part 6. The use of [{Fe(CO)<sub>2</sub>(η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)}<sub>2</sub>] as a catalyst in the metal carbonyl substitution reaction (1983)

The reaction between [Fe(CO)2(η5-C5H4R′)X] and RNC in benzene to give [Fe(CO)2 –n(η5-C5H4R′)(CNR)nX](n= 1 or 2; R′= H, R = But, PhCH2, or 2,6-Me2C6H3, X = I or Br; R′= Me, R = But, X = I) is catalysed by [{Fe(CO)2(η5-C5H4R′)}2]. Mechanistic studies (42 °C) reveal that no transfer of ligands takes place between catalyst and substrate and that the reaction is light dependent. These results have been interpreted in terms of an electron-transfer process between the catalyst and the substrate. At higher temperatures (80 °C), a competing radical-chain process is also occurring, as detected by crossover experiments between catalyst and substrate. Predictions that the catalyst [{Fe(CO)2(η5-C5H5)}2] should activate metal carbonyl substrates in general and that ligand substitution of ligands other than CO should occur have been verified. Thus, (a) the high-yield synthesis of [Fe(η5-C5H5)(CNR)3]I from [Fe(η5-C5H5)(CNR)2I] and RNC (R = But or 2,6-Me2C6H3), (b) the reaction between [Mo(CO)3(η5-C5H5)I] and ButNC to give [Mo(CO)2(η5-C5H5)(CNBut)I] in quantitative yield (benzene, 42 °C), and (c) mechanistic studies on the reaction [Fe(CO)4(CNBut)]+ ButNC →[Fe(CO)3(CNBut)2]+ CO, all in the presence of [{Fe(CO)2(η5-C5H5)}2], are consistent with the mechanistic scheme proposed.
[Simultaneous measurement of 32P and a 33P double-labelled sample by liquid scintillation counter and its application to phosphorus compounds isolated by paper chromatography]. (1982)

Simultaneous determination of 32P and 33P radioactivities was carried out with the liquid scintillation counter (Aloca LSC 670). For the quenching correction, the channel ratio method was used, and the proper gain and window level were set to get the maximum performance number or Klein-Eisler value. Using this method the radioactivities of the 32P and 33P double labelled compounds which were separated with paper chromatography were determined. New index, RSA (relative specific activity, i.e. 32P/33P) was proved to be effective as well as specific activity for the studies of the transport and metabolism of phosphorus compounds in the plant roots.
<title>Infrared cerebral oximeter: summary of recent clinical case histories</title> (1992)

Time dependent records obtained with a cerebral oximeter are presented. Case studies include the monitoring of patients undergoing neurovascular and open heart procedures during conditions of extracorporeal circulatory support, deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. An example of a response curve during injection of infrared tracer into the cerebral circulation is presented; recordings of desaturation periods as a result of induced hypoxia in adult volunteers are included.
The Clinical Results of Amiodarone in Cardiac Arrhythmias: Optimal Dosing (1984)

Amiodarone hydrochloride is a relatively new antiarrhythmic agent, the properties of which differ in a significant manner electrophysiologically, pharmacokinetically and structurally from those of conventional as well as other investigational antidysrhythmic compounds. It is also pharmacologically unique in so far as its fundamental action on cardiac muscle following chronic therapy differs markedly from that found during the intravenous administration; its I.V. action is dominated by the lengthening of intranodal (AV) conduction time and the effective refractory period of the AV node, the electrophysiologic basis for which is unclear but accounts for the slowing of the ventricular response in atrial flutter and fibrillation and the variable conversion rate of narrow QRS reentrant paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. Intravenous amiodarone is ineffective in most other arrhythmias; it does not lengthen repolarization, nor does it prolong the effective refractory period of atria, ventricle, His-Purkinje system or the accessory pathways of the heart in the WPW syndrome. In contrast, chronically administered amiodarone lengthens repolarization and the effective refractory period of all cardiac tissues as a function of dose and duration of therapy consistent with its wide spectrum of antiarrhythmic activity in the prophylactic control of supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. The nature of the slow onset of action of the oral drug is not well-understood; it may be due to the slow formation of active metabolites or the gradual and selective inhibition of T3 action on the myocardium since the effects of amiodarone on cardiac repolarization are identical to those of hypothyroidism and are negated by the concomitant administration of thyroxine. Serum reverse T3 levels increase as a function of dose and duration of amiodarone therapy and tentative data indicate that serial measurements of rT3 levels may provide a reliable index for gauging efficacy and toxicity of amiodarone during chronic therapy. The role of serum drug and metabolite levels appears less reliable in this regard. The exceedingly long and variable elimination half-life of amiodarone necessitates individualized loading and maintenance dosage regimens, and the latency of onset of antiarrhythmic action during oral therapy is not shortened by intravenous bolus injections or sustained infusions. However, the judicious choice of oral dosage as discussed herein permits the development of an effective prophylactic regimen for most patients with supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias; when the lowest dosage regimen to control a particular arrhythmia is identified, limiting side
Transductive confidence machine for active learning (2004)

This paper describes a novel active learning strategy using universal p-value measures of confidence based on algorithmic randomness, and transconductive inference. The early stopping criterion for active learning is based on the bias-variance tradeoff for classification. This corresponds to that learning instance when the boundary bias becomes positive, and requires one to switch from active to random selection of learning examples. The sign for the boundary and the increase in the classification error are two manifestations of the same phenomena, i.e., over-training. The experimental results presented show the feasibility and usefulness of our novel approach using a non-separable two-class classification problem. Our hybrid learning strategy achieves competitive performance against standard nearest neighbor methods using much fewer training examples.