gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Modeling of SiO<sub>2</sub> Photochemical Vapor Deposition and Comparison to Experimental Results for Three Oxidant Chemistries:  SiH<sub>4</sub> + O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O/O<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (2001)

An elementary model, independent sheet simulation of photochemical vapor deposition (ISSPCVD), is introduced that illustrates the roles of chemical reactions and transport in photochemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD). A simple model for diffusion and integration of a small number of chemical reaction rate equations allows simulations of SiO2 photo-CVD to be performed, and this work shows that it is possible to assume that one SiOxHy intermediate is the dominant precursor to SiO2 deposition. Three oxidants for use with SiH4 are investigated: O2, H2O/O2, and H2O2. The simulations allow determination of concentrations of important gas-phase species and estimated deposition rates as functions of time, probability of gas-phase species diffusing to the substrate and effective reaction chain length as functions of height, and deposition rate dependence on purge gas identity and vacuum ultraviolet light intensity. The results reflect our experimental results, including the dependence of deposition rate on experimental parameters and the time evolution of film growth, without adjusting known parameters (e.g., absorption coefficients, rate constants). The simulations provide strong support for the important role of the radical chain reaction OH + SiH4 = SiH3 + H2O; SiH3 + O2 = SiH2O + OH. The simulations provide insight for the mechanism for SiO2 deposition by the thermal oxidation of SiH4 by O2.
Report of the Task Force on Vascular Medicine. (1994)

Heart Association's Science Advis- ory Committee was charged by the AHA's Board of Directors to make recommendations about how practice, education, basic and clinical re- search, and research training in vascular disease can be fostered in medical institutions, where specialists from a variety of disciplines are involved in patient care, edu- cational activities, and research relevant to diseases of the vascular system.For this purpose, the Science Advisory Committee appointed the Task Force onVas- cular Medicine, after consultation with council chairs, to provide representation of key disciplines concerned with vascular diseases.This is the report of
Statistical Sensitive Data Protection and Inference Prevention with Decision Tree Methods (2003)

Abstract : We present a new approach for protecting sensitive data in a relational table (columns: attributes; rows: records). If sensitive data can be inferred by unauthorized users with non-sensitive data, we have the inference problem. We consider inference as correct classification and approach it with decision tree methods. As in our previous work, sensitive data are viewed as classes of those test data and non-sensitive data are the rest attribute values. In general, however, sensitive data may not be associated with one attribute (i.e., the class), but are distributed among many attributes. We present a generalized decision tree method for distributed sensitive data. This method takes in turn each attribute as the class and analyze the corresponding classification error. Attribute values that maximize an integrated error measure are selected for modification. Our analysis shows that modified attribute values can be restored and hence, sensitive data are not securely protected. This result implies that modified values must themselves be subjected to protection. We present methods for this ramified protection problem and also discuss other statistical attacks.
The use of isotope separators for ion implantation (1969)

Abstract Electromagnetic isotope separators serve a dual scientific purpose. The large production machines continue to provide the only practicable source of many stable isotopes, while the smaller laboratory separators have proved to be versatile research instruments in a variety of fields. The use of experimental separators in nuclear spectroscopy is now well established, and they have also been successfully employed in the study of ion-solid interactions. More recently they have proved particularly useful in the ion doping of semiconductors. The use of the separator for hyperfine interaction studies combines the stringent but largely disparate requirements of the nuclear and the ion implantation applications. The advantages and the limitations of this method of sample preparation are considered in some detail and briefly compared with other possible techniques.
Depth-resolved holographic reconstructions by three-dimensional deconvolution (2010)

Correction of Eq. (20) in our published article [Opt. Express18, 22527 (2010)10.1364/OE.18.022527].
A superior low-cost amorphous carbon anode made from pitch and lignin for sodium-ion batteries (2015)

This study reports a superior low-cost amorphous carbon anode made from pitch and lignin with excellent electrochemical performance for sodium-ion batteries for the first time.
A multi-hop implicit routing protocol for sensor networks (2005)

The broadcast communication paradigm is in prevalent use to facilitate data acquisition in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). However, broadcasting simply by flooding results in serious redundancy. This paper proposes a location-information-free and flooding-like routing protocol for WSNs, called throw and drowned (T&D) flooding protocol. This protocol is a multi-hop implicit routing protocol. Packets are propagated without knowing the network topologies and without establishing prior routes. In addition, T&D is an energy saving protocol. It uses link-layer-relaying instead of network-layer-forwarding to propagate packets to the sink, which saves energy costs on next-hop selection and route establishment. It is also capable of switching the sensor node into sleep mode for the purpose of power saving. T&D is designed for applications with dynamic topology changes and scalable WSNs and can be used instead of pure flooding in existing WSNs. The performance of the proposed protocol is simulated and compared with the pure flooding and gossiping protocols, the well-known implicit routing protocols used in WSNs.
Handlungsempfehlungen für die Praxis (2011)

ZusammenfassungAus der Vielzahl neurowissenschaftlicher Studien für die Mitarbeiterführung lassen sich einzelne Handlungsempfehlungen bzw. Regeln formulieren, wie sie bereits in Kapitel 3 durch Ansätze verschiedener Autoren näher dargestellt wurden. Ein zusammenhängendes Konzept, das eine gewisse Geschlossenheit aufweist, ist bislang in der Literatur nicht existent.
[Identification of a novel allele HLA-B*37:04:02]. (2014)

A novel HLA allele HLA-B*37:04:02 (GU391034) has been identified and officially named by the WHO Nomenclature Committee.
Theoretical Considerations of Sealing and Non-Sealing Faults (1966)

Differentiating between sealing and non-sealing faults and their effects on the subsurface is a major problem in petroleum exploration, development, and production. The fault-seal problem has been investigated from a theoretical viewpoint in order to provide a basis for a better understanding of sealing and non-sealing faults. Some general theories of hydrocarbon entrapment are reviewed and related directly to hypothetical cases of faults as barriers to hydrocarbon migration and faults as paths for hydrocarbon migration. The phenomenon of fault entrapment reduces to a relation between (1) capillary pressure and (2) the displacement pressure of the reservoir rock and the boundary rock material along the fault. Capillary pressure is the differential pressure between the hyd ocarbons and the water at any level in the reservoir; displacement pressure is the pressure required to force hydrocarbons into the largest interconnected pores of a preferentially water-wet rock. Thus the sealing or non-sealing aspect of a fault can be characterized by pressure differentials and by rock capillary properties. Theoretical studies show that the fault seal in preferentially water-wet rock is related to the displacement pressure of the media in contact at the fault. Media of similar displacement pressure will result in a non-sealing fault to hydrocarbon migration. Media of different displacement pressure will result in a sealing fault, provided the capillary pressure is less than the boundary displacement pressure. The trapping capacity of a boundary, in terms of the thickness of hydrocarbon column, is related to the magnitude of the difference in displacement pressures of the reservoir and boundary rock. If the thickness of the hydrocarbon column exceeds the boundary trapping capacity, the excess hydrocarbons will be displaced into the boundary material. Dependent on the conditions, lateral m gration across faults or vertical migration along faults will occur when the boundary trapping capacity is exceeded. Application of the theoretical concepts to subsurface studies should prove useful in understanding and in evaluating subsurface fault seals.
Glossary of Key Terms (2009)

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The Status and Future of Medical and Industrial Accelerator Technologies (2007)

Medical and industrial accelerators have changed dramatically over the last decade in order to face the challenges of worldwide growth in cancer incidence and increased security risks. In the late 1990s, researchers working on medical accelerators for cancer care developed technology to "paint" dose in smaller and smaller beamlet sizes in order to spare normal tissues while placing higher doses into the tumor. In this decade, the addition of imaging equipment is allowing clinicians to better see what they are targeting just before they deliver a treatment. This same imaging technology-on-board radiographic, fluoroscopic and cone-beam CT imaging-is also being applied in industrial applications to better protect us from weapons of mass destruction by screening cargo and other materials moving across borders. Today, even newer tools are addressing the added challenge of tracking moving targets, whether they are tumors moving periodically as a result of respiration or cargo containers that must be scanned quickly and efficiently to avoid slowing the pace of commerce. New imaging and accelerator technologies are being developed in order to be able to act, in real time, on the basis of continually-changing information. There are many types of cancer that can now be successfully controlled with radiation therapy; however, there are others that continue to be challenging to treat. Lung cancer, for example, which kills more people worldwide than any other form of cancer, requires the delivery of high doses with great precision, in order to avoid acute and chronic side effects. Lung cancer treatment is complicated by the fact that these tumors often move during respiration, and they are surrounded by tissues that are extremely radiosensitive. Evidence is growing that lung cancer can be successfully treated with radiation; however, this will require further development of technologies that can adapt treatment to changes occurring within a physiological timeframe.
Concepción pedagógica martiana sobre el talento y su educación (2012)

The study of Marti´s pedagogical conceptions has had as objective to systematize, on the best of the Cuban pedagogical thought, considerations on the talent and its education. This task constitutes a responsibility of the institutional project managed by the Pedagogical Sciences University Jose de la Luz y Caballero (Holguin, Cuba) a “Consultant Center for the Stimulation of the Verbal Talent”, which actions are associated to the author's post-graduate formation as a Sc. M in Education and as a Ph. D in Pedagogical Sciences. The exposed approaches are the outcomes of the systematization to analyze and reflect mainly, on The Golden Age. The results offer a perspective of what we still have left to make as regards preparation and parents' sensibility and teachers in the pedagogical attention to the talent.
A novel approach to correlative studies of neuronal structure and function. (1993)

We have recently organized and directed a consortium of manufacturers to assemble a unique electron microscopic-video-computer resource that reduces the time and effort required to make 3-dimensional reconstructions of neurons, and to collect and analyze data on synaptic organization by many fold. With the introduction of this system the quantitative study of synapses has entered a new age, characterized by a markedly increased efficiency that allows previously unrealistic studies to be carried out. In this paper, we present data designed to test the hypothesis that pyramidal cell types, identified by their intrinsic firing patterns, display characteristic inhibitory responses and distinctive synaptic patterns. These studies focus on the synaptic connectivity of regular spiking (RS) and intrinsically bursting (IB) neurons. Previous studies have shown that these neurons display distinct differences in their intrinsic membrane properties and in their morphologies as assessed with the light microscope. Under various conditions the synaptic responses of RS cells display marked inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, whereas most IB cells do not. This investigation is designed to determine if differences in the inhibitory responses of RS vs. IB cells are reflected in differences in the concentration of inhibitory synapses onto their somata. RS and IB neurons in rat somatosensory cortex were identified using intracellular recording and labeling, examined with the light microscope, and then serial thin sectioned prior to examination with the electron microscope. Synapses onto their somata and proximal dendrites were identified and plotted onto computer-assisted 3-D reconstructions made from the serial thin sections. Our analysis showed no significant difference in the types and concentration of synapses made onto the cell bodies and proximal dendrites of IB vs. RS neurons. Thus the differences observed in the inhibitory responses of IB vs. RS neurons cannot be explained by differences in the concentrations of synapses onto their somata.
Tumor markers for ovarian cancer. (1979)

The literature on tumor distinctive markers in ovarian cancer has been reviewed. Various immunological and biochemical approaches have been attempted for the diagnosis and management of patients with ovarian cancer. The complex spectrum of antigens that can be detected in human ovarian cancer consists of several tumor-associated antigens, fetal or carcinoembryonic antigens, carcinoplacental markers, and normal tissue antigens. We have described and partially characterized two ovarian tumor-associated antigens designated as OCAA and OCAA-1, which seem to have potential for the immunodiagnosis of ovarian cancer. Several other investigators have carried out similar studies, but in general their serological characterization of these antigens has been limited. The well-defined embryonic proteins that have been examined in the ovarian cancer include carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-fp), beta-oncofetal antigen (BOFA), Regan and Nagao isoenzymes and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). The presence of pregnancy-zone protein (PZP) has also been reported in ovarian cancer. In addition, several normal tissue components include fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), alpha 1-globulin, and urokinase have been found associated with ovarian cancer. Both humoral antibodies and cell-mediated immune responses against tumor-associated antigens can be measured in ovarian cancer patients. In addition, serum factors, which block cellular immune reactions, have been identified. However, progress in this area has been hampered by the complexity of the antigens associated with ovarian tumors and the lack of standardized, well-characterized sources of antigens or target cells. Enzymes, especially those involved in glycoprotein biosynthesis, (eg, glycoprotein:glycosyltransferases and glycosidase) have been explored as possible early biochemical indicators of ovarian neoplasia. A serum specific deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase has been found in patients with ovarian cancers. Of all the glycoprotein:glycosyltransferases studied, galactosyltransferase has been found to be the best enzyme marker for ovarian adenocarcinoma. The determination of serum levels of this enzyme reflected the clinical status of the patient with respect of tumor progression as well as tumor burden. Recently, assay of a phosphodiesterase, which specifically hydrolyzes cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid, has been found promising in the detection and management of patients with ovarian cancer.
Information-Theoretic Outlier Detection for Large-Scale Categorical Data (2011)

Outlier detection can usually be considered as a pre-processing step for locating, in a data set, those objects that do not conform to well-defined notions of expected behavior. It is very important in data mining for discovering novel or rare events, anomalies, vicious actions, exceptional phenomena, etc. We are investigating outlier detection for categorical data sets. This problem is especially challenging because of the difficulty of defining a meaningful similarity measure for categorical data. In this paper, we propose a formal definition of outliers and an optimization model of outlier detection, via a new concept of holoentropy that takes both entropy and total correlation into consideration. Based on this model, we define a function for the outlier factor of an object which is solely determined by the object itself and can be updated efficiently. We propose two practical 1-parameter outlier detection methods, named ITB-SS and ITB-SP, which require no user-defined parameters for deciding whether an object is an outlier. Users need only provide the number of outliers they want to detect. Experimental results show that ITB-SS and ITB-SP are more effective and efficient than mainstream methods and can be used to deal with both large and high-dimensional data sets where existing algorithms fail.
AIDS epidemiology: inconsistencies with human immunodeficiency virus and with infectious disease. (1991)

The newly defined syndrome AIDS includes 25 unrelated parasitic, neoplastic, and noninfectious indicator diseases. Based on epidemiological correlations, the syndrome is thought to be due to a new, sexually or parenterally transmitted retrovirus termed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The following epidemiological data conflict with this hypothesis. (i) Noncorrelations exist between HIV and AIDS; for example, the AIDS risks of infected subjects vary greater than 10-fold with their gender or country. Abnormal health risks that are never controlled as independent AIDS causes by AIDS statistics, such as drug addiction and hemophilia, correlate directly with an abnormal incidence of AIDS diseases. Above all, the AIDS diseases occur in all risk groups in the absence of HIV. (ii) American AIDS is incompatible with infectious disease, because it is almost exclusively restricted to males (91%), because if it occurs, then only on average 10 years after transfusion of HIV, because specific AIDS diseases are not transmissible among different risk groups, and because unlike a new infectious disease, AIDS has not spread exponentially since the AIDS test was established and AIDS received its current definition in 1987. (iii) Epidemiological evidence indicates that HIV is a long-established, perinatally transmitted retrovirus. HIV acts as a marker for American AIDS risks, because it is rare and not transmissible by horizontal contacts other than frequent transfusions, intravenous drugs, and repeated or promiscuous sex. It is concluded that American AIDS is not infectious, and suggested that unidentified, mostly noninfectious pathogens cause AIDS.
Efficacy of various inorganic sorbents to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxin and T-2 toxin in broiler chickens (1998)

Experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of three inorganic sorbents, S1, S2, and S3, to reduce the toxicity of aflatoxins (AF) and T-2 toxin in male broiler chickens from day of hatch to 21 d of age. The compounds had been reported to bind to AF and T-2 toxin in vitro. S1 and S2 were the same basic compound that had been stored for different lengths of time following activation. In Experiments 1, 2, and 3, the appropriate diets were produced to contain no mycotoxins, the specific adsorbent at 0.5% of diet, AF alone at 5 mg/kg of diet, T-2 alone at 8 mg/kg of diet, AF at 5 mg/kg of diet plus the specific sorbent at 0.5% of diet, or T-2 at 8 mg/kg of diet plus the specific sorbent at 0.5% of diet. The specific sorbents used were: 1) Experiment 1, S1; 2) Experiment 2, S1 and S2; and 3) Experiment 3, S3. In Experiments 1 and 3, S1 and S3, respectively, showed no protection against AF or T-2 toxin as measured by BW gain, when compared to AF alone group. In Experiment 2, S1 showed no protection; however S2 reduced the effects of AF on BW gain by 25% as compared to AF alone diet. The data demonstrate that under the conditions of our experiment: 1) one of the sorbents provided some protection against aflatoxicosis; 2) there was variability in protection against aflatoxicosis between two different samples of the same sorbent that had been stored for different lengths of time following activation; 3) protection by the sorbents against the effects of T-2 toxin was not observed.
Role of Resident Mast Cells and Macrophages in the Neutrophil Migration Induced by LTB<sub>4</sub>, fMLP and C5a des arg (1997)

In the present study, we have investigated the participation of resident peritoneal cells (macrophages and mast cells) in the neutrophil migration induced in rats by the intraperitoneal administration of LTB4, fMLP or C5a des arg. The intraperitoneal injection of LTB4 (10 nmol), fMLP (10 nmol) and C5a des arg (zymosan-activated plasma, 1 ml) caused an intense neutrophil migration compared to the saline control (1,000, 1,500 and 2,000%, respectively). An 83% depletion in the number of resident cells following peritoneal lavage reduced the LTB4-stimulated neutrophil migration by 73.6% without affecting that caused by fMLP and C5a des arg. Increasing the peritoneal macrophage population (236%) by pretreating the cavities with thioglycollate enhanced the neutrophil migration induced by LTB4 (129%), but did not alter that induced by fMLP and C5a des arg. Similarly, reducing the population of peritoneal mast cells containing toluidine-blue-staining granules by subchronically pretreating the cavities with compound 48/80 diminished the LTB4-induced NM by 69% but had no effect on the responses to fMLP and C5a des arg. Pretreating the animals with dexamethasone strongly inhibited (70%) the neutrophil migration induced by the intraperitoneal injection of LTB4, fMLP and C5a des arg. Indomethacin, BW A4C and NDGA had no such effect. The incubating medium from peritoneal macrophages and mast cells stimulated with LTB4 induced neutrophil migration when injected into the peritoneal cavity of rats. This migration was strongly reduced (70%) by treating the cells with dexamethasone. In contrast, stimulating the cells with fMLP or C5a des arg did not result in the release of any promigratory activity into the incubating fluid. Our results suggest that LTB4 induces neutrophil migration via a mechanism dependent on resident mast cells and macrophages while that induced by C5a des arg and fMLP seems to be independent of such cellular involvement. The neutrophil migration induced by LTB4 is apparently mediated by factor(s) whose release is blocked by dexamethasone. fMLP and C5a appear to cause in vivo migration by the formation of a concentration gradient and by a glucocorticoid-sensitive mechanism different from that stimulated by LTB4.