gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Linear electro-optic modulator based on an array of Mach-Zehnder interferometers</title> (1998)

A linearized external electro-optic modulator with a number of parallel Mach-Zehnder interferometers cascaded via directional couplers is proposed. Fast-Fourier-Transform method is used to analyze both the third harmonic spurious signal and the third intermodulation distortion. By adjusting the number of Mach- Zehnder interferometers contained in the modulator, the linearity of the transfer curve of the modulator can be modified while obtaining nearly 100% optical modulating depth. The modulator is based on an innovative domain-interval electro-optic polymer film, where the two arms of each Mach-Zehnder interferometer are inversely poled. As a result, only one driving voltage is required upon a pair of uniform traveling-wave electrodes, for high-speed operation.
Design and manufacturing of LED primary optics for road lighting engine (2012)

GaN-based blue LEDs with various types of phosphor has been providing high brightness in lighting application with the integration of various nonimaging optical parts for controlling luminous intensity distribution. Such secondary optics, particularly in road lighting, inherently lose light flux of 15% with additional manufacturing and assembling cost. Making primary optics of LED as functional as secondary optics will cut off this additional cost and further increase the efficacy of luminaire. In this paper, we present the design procedure of LED primary optics as functional as road lighting secondary optics. The compact freeform lens has been designed with precise optical modeling of the target LED. Machining of primary optics mold comprise a determinant solution in generating specific luminous intensity distribution for road lighting. Optical performance of the primary optics had advantages of much smaller size in volume (~1/10), lumen efficacy (~93.9%).
Nonlinear Neural Networks: Principles, Mechanisms, and Architectures (1991)

Abstract An historical discussion is provided of the intellectual trends that caused nineteenth century interdisciplinary studies of physics and psychobiology by leading scientists such as Helmholtz, Maxwell, and Mach to splinter into separate twentieth-century scientific movements. The nonlinear, nonstationary, and nonlocal nature of behavioral and brain data are emphasized. Three sources of contemporary neural network research—the binary, linear, and continuous-nonlinear models—are noted. The remainder of the article describes results about continuous-nonlinear models: Many models of content-addressable memory are shown to be special cases of the Cohen-Grossberg model and global Liapunov function, including the additive, brain-state-in-a-box, McCulloch-Pitts, Boltzmann machine, Hartline-Ratliff-Miller, shunting, masking field, bidirectional associative memory, Volterra-Lotka, Gilpin-Ayala, and Eigen-Schuster models. A Liapunov functional method is described for proving global limit or oscillation theorems for nonlinear competitive systems when their decision schemes are globally consistent or inconsistent, respectively. The former case is illustrated by a model of a globally stable economic market, and the latter case is illustrated by a model of the voting paradox. Key properties of shunting competitive feedback networks are summarized, including the role of sigmoid signalling, automatic gain control, competitive choice and quantization, tunable filtering, total activity normalization, and noise suppression in pattern transformation and memory storage applications. Connections to models of competitive learning, vector quantization, and categorical perception are noted. Adaptive resonance theory (ART) models for self-stabilizing adaptive pattern recognition in response to complex real-time nonstationary input environments are compared with off-line models such as autoassociators, the Boltzmann machine, and back propagation. Special attention is paid to the stability and capacity of these models, and to the role of top-down expectations and attentional processing in the active regulation of both learning and fast information processing. Models whose performance and learning are regulated by internal gating and matching signals, or by external environmentally generated error signals, are contrasted with models whose learning is regulated by external teacher signals that have no analog in natural real-time environments. Examples from sensory-motor control of adaptive vector encoders, adaptive coordinate transformations, adaptive gain control by visual error signals, and automatic generation of synchronous multijoint movement trajectories illustrate the former model types. Internal matching processes are shown capable of discovering several different types of invariant environmental properties. These include ART mechanisms which discover recognition invariants, adaptive vector encoder mechanisms which discover movement invariants, and autoreceptive associative mechanisms which discover invariants of self-regulating target position maps.
High Expression of Bovine α Glutathione S-Transferase (GSTA1, GSTA2) Subunits Is Mainly Associated with Steroidogenically Active Cells and Regulated by Gonadotropins in Bovine Ovarian Follicles* (1999)

We have previously shown that a major group of 28-30 kDa proteins decreases after the LH surge in bovine granulosa cells (GC). In the present study, we have characterized two proteins in this group in search of factors that may intervene in folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation. Polyclonal antibodies raised against 28 kDa or 29 kDa bovine GC proteins were used to screen a complementary DNA (cDNA) expression library. This resulted in the characterization of two isoenzyme subunits for alpha class glutathione S-transferase, named bGSTA1 and bGSTA2. Both bGSTA1 (25.4 kDa, pI 8.9; 791 bp cDNA; GenBank Accession No. BTU49179) and bGSTA2 (25.6 kDa, pI 7.2; 959 bp cDNA; GenBank Accession No. AF027386) have 222 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequences were compared and showed 82% (bGSTA1) and 74% (bGSTA2) identity to human GSTA1, whereas bGSTA1 and bGSTA2 are 81% identical to each other. The bGSTA2 represents a novel GSTA subunit because it harbors a specific 16 amino acid sequence not found in any other species and GST classes. Northern blots showed that bGSTA1 and bGSTA2 are coexpressed and are tissue specific with single transcripts of 1.2 kb and 1.4 kb, respectively for bGSTA1 and bGSTA2. The messenger RNA (mRNA) were detected in GC, corpus luteum, adrenal gland, testis, liver, lung, thyroid, kidney and cotyledon, and the relative abundance of their mRNA varied. Ratios of bGSTA1/bGSTA2 mRNA vary between tisssues, indicating that expression of these genes is controlled differently. Immunohistochemistry observations revealed that expression of GSTA is cell specific, being associated with GC and theca cells, small luteal cells, Leydig cells, hepatocytes, adrenal cortex, specific chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, renal proximal convoluted tubular cells, and Clara cells in the bronchioles. Studies in vivo showed that levels of mRNA for bGSTA1 were elevated in follicular wall of preovulatory follicles before hCG treatment, but decreased by 77% 12 h after hCG injection. However, in FSH stimulated preovulatory follicles, the decrease in mRNA for both GSTAs was only 21% at 24 h following hCG injection. We concluded that bGSTA1 and bGSTA2 expression is tissue- and cell-specific, is associated with steroidogenically active cells, and is hormonally regulated by gonadotropins in the bovine ovarian follicle.
MAGNETIC AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COBALT-SUBSTITUTED RbNiF3 (1968)

When nickel is replaced by cobalt in RbNi1–xCoxF3, the hexagonal structure and the ferrimagnetic order are maintained; however, the easy axis of magnetization at 77°K rotates in a complex manner from perpendicular (x &lt; .07) to parallel to the optic axis (x &gt; .17). In the optical window region at 17,000 cm−1 the bulk absorption remains constant at 5 cm−1 and the Faraday rotation increases to 200 deg/cm at x = .25.
SAFETY OF AN ENTERAL FORMULA ENRICHED WITH EICOSAPENTAENOIC AND γ-LINOLENIC ACIDS IN CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN WITH ACUTE LUNG INJURY. (2005)

Nadkarni, Vinay; DeMichele, Stephen; Goldstein, Brahm; Checchia, Paul; Ayad, Onsy; Jacobs, Brian R Author Information
Design and Experimental Evaluation of Active-Passive Integrated Microring Lasers: Noise Properties (2011)

The phase and intensity noise of microring lasers coupled with passive waveguides are examined through linewidth and relative intensity noise measurements. Laser linewidth down to 500 KHz was measured through the self-homodyne technique and a direct association is established between the linewidth and the two main structural parameters of a microring, the ring radius and coupling efficiency with the bus waveguide. Coupling efficiency is estimated through waveguiding analysis by means of 3-D finite difference in time domain techniques.
Actinide-mediated coupling of 4-fluorobenzonitrile: synthesis of an eight-membered thorium(iv) tetraazametallacycle (2007)

An eight-membered thorium(IV) tetraazamacrocycle is produced by the sequential, metal-mediated coupling of four equivalents of 4-fluorobenzonitrile; its formation is consistent with the involvement of an imido intermediate, generated from a thorium ketimide complex.
Polynets (1990)

In spite of advances in fault tolerant computing, computer systems do fail or become unavailable more often than one would like. Pan of the reason is that modem computer systems are complex and contain many interconnected processors and components. Even if the individual processors are reliable, they can interact in ways that can bring down an entire system.
Pdl-1/pdl-3 (programmed death ligand-1/3) tissue expression and response to treatment with IL2 and antiangiogenic therapies. (2013)

4521 Background: Expression of PDL1 by RCC has been associated with aggressive histology and poor survival. Tissue obtained from the patients enrolled in the IL-2 Select Trial, a prospective, single arm, multicenter CWG study, was analyzed by IHC to determine if PDL1or PDL3 expression predicted for response to initial or subsequent therapy. Methods: Paraffin embedded tumor tissue was stained for PDL1 and PDL3 expression, and results were correlated with RECIST defined response to IL2 treatment. Tumor tissue was considered positive for PDL1 if >5% of the tumor membranes stained for the marker. A cutoff of 10% was used for PDL3. Duration of subsequent VEGFR/mTOR inhibitor therapy was also correlated with tissue PDL1/3 expression. Results: 120 eligible pts were enrolled; 115 had clear cell histology. The overall response rate (ORR) to IL2 was 25% (30/120) with a median OS of 40.6 months. 113 tumors were stained. 18 (16%) were PDL1+. ORR was 19% and 50% in the patients PDL1- and PDL1+ tumors, respectively (p=0.012). 85 (75%) tumors were PDL3+. ORR was 10.7% and 29.4% in the PDL3- and PDL3+ tumors, respectively (p=0.075). In the 17 patients who were positive for both PDL1 and PDL3, ORR was 52.9%. In the 27 pts who were negative for both PDL1 and PDL3, ORR was 11.1%. 69 patients received at least 1 dose of a VEGFR TKI as next therapy following IL2 treatment. 66 tumors were stained. Pts who were PDL1+/PDL3+ had a shorter duration on VEGFR TKI therapy compared to pts who were PDL1-/PDL3- (see Table). Conclusions: This small, retrospective analysis suggests that PDL1 and PDL3 tissue expression may predict for better response to IL2. PDL1 expression has been suggested as a possible predictor of response to anti-PD1 therapy. The current data suggests that its expression may predict for benefit to other immune therapies. PDL3 (+/- PDL1) expression appears to correlate to less benefit from subsequent VEGFR TKI therapy. Funded by NCI SPORE Grant # 5 P50 CA101942-08. [Table: see text]
An analysis of oscillation frequency characteristics in a CMOS oscillating circuit using a coupling quartz crystal resonator (2002)

Oscillation frequency characteristics in a CMOS oscillating circuit using a coupling quartz crystal resonator are described. A miniaturized GT cut quartz crystal resonator consisting of the vibrational portion and the supporting portions which is formed by an etching method is used. The relationship of the resonator's frequency temperature behavior versus load capacitance (CL) is clarified. The oscillating circuit is shown as an electric equivalent circuit. An amplitude continuation condition and an oscillation condition are theoretically derived. The coupling between both vibrations of a coupling quartz crystal resonator is regarded as a capacitive coupling. From the equivalent circuit of the coupling quartz crystal resonator, an imaginary part is easily calculated. As a result, a frequency equation which is given as a function of CL is readily derived from the oscillation condition and the imaginary part of the coupling resonator. It is shown that by suitably choosing CL, the frequency deviation in this CMOS oscillating circuit is less than 1 p.p.m. over a wide temperature range of -30 degrees C to +70 degrees C without any temperature compensation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light Transmission in Carbon Nanotube Array: Fano-Resonance Analysis (2005)

The Fano's equation (FE) describes electron transition from the ground state to the excited state. We show that FE is valuable for describing the far-field transmission of light in optical systems. FE is also effective in estimating the transmission behaviors at various resonance conditions, which are investigated in transmission experiments by using two kinds of comparative samples: periodical hexagonal arrays of Al 2 O 3 with and without multiwall carbon nanotubes. Our experimental results show that FE complements Maxwell's equations even in the waveguide problem and provides a clear and simple analysis.
Comparative Laser Spectroscopy Diagnostics for Ancient Metallic Artefacts Exposed to Environmental Pollution (2010)

Metal artworks are subjected to corrosion and oxidation processes due to reactive agents present in the air, water and in the ground that these objects have been in contact with for hundreds of years. This is the case for archaeological metals that are recovered from excavation sites, as well as artefacts exposed to polluted air. Stabilization of the conservation state of these objects needs precise diagnostics of the accrued surface layers and identification of original, historical materials before further protective treatments, including safe laser cleaning of unwanted layers. This paper presents analyses of the chemical composition and stratigraphy of corrosion products with the use of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and Raman spectroscopy. The discussion of the results is supported by material studies (SEM-EDS, XRF, ion-analyses). The tests were performed on several samples taken from original objects, including copper roofing from Wilanów Palace in Warsaw and Karol Poznański Palace in ŁódŸ, bronze decorative figures from the Wilanów Palace gardens, and four archaeological examples of old jewellery (different copper alloys). Work has been performed as a part of the MATLAS project in the frames of EEA and Norway Grants (www.matlas.eu) and the results enable the comparison of the methodology and to elaborate the joint diagnostic procedures of the three project partner independent laboratories.
James Thomson (1896)

Journal Article James Thomson Get access W. A. Henderson W. A. Henderson 1Dublin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-IX, Issue 233, 13 June 1896, Page 475, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-IX.233.475e Published: 13 June 1896
Reduced and Normalized Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Concentrations after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Have Comparable Prognostic Performance in Patients with Borderline Resectable and Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2020)

RDC was independently associated with better prognosis after NACT in patients with BRPC or LAPC. Decreased CA19-9 after NACT was a prognostic indicator of better survival and recurrence, as was normalization of CA 19-9 after both NACT and surgery.
Development of Free Machining Titanium Alloy Connecting Rods for Passenger Cars. (1992)

Some fundamental research on alloy design of new titanium alloy and process design such as forging and surface treatment were carried out in order to develop new titanium alloy connecting rods. Free machining Ti-3Al-2V alloy is the best alloy for connecting rods because it has the mechanical properties equivalent to quenched and tempered medium carbon steel, a popular material for connecting rods. The alloy can be machined at higher speed than the most popular titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. Forging in the phase temperature range is desirable to enable one heat forging of connecting rods and to eliminate crack initiation. New technology such as induction heating in forging and coating on large ends was developed. As a result of this research, new titanium alloy connecting rods which can be applicable to mass production have been developed.
[Agammaglobulinemia with the absence of circulating B-lymphocytes. 9 cases]. (1998)

Recurrent infections are the principal manifestation of the agammaglobulinemia, early Ig treatment is the only therapy allowing improved.
STARNET: A Multi-gigabit-per-second Optical LAN Utilizing a Passive WDM Star (1993)

We propose a new broad-band local area network, STARNET, based on a physical passive star topology. Over a single physical network, STARNET offers all users both a moderate-speed packet network and a high-speed WDM circuit interconnect. Based on these two data transport facilities, several topological and protocol solutions are available to the users. As a result, STARNET supports traffic of widely different speed and continuity characteristics. Each node of the network requires only two lasers and its structure facilitates the achievement of frequency stabilization for the whole network. An effort toward an experimental demonstration of a 3 Gb/s per node, FDDI-compatible (at the packet network level) STARNET is currently in progress at the Optical Communication Research Laboratory of Stanford University.
Eigenvoice modeling with sparse training data (2005)

We derive an exact solution to the problem of maximum likelihood estimation of the supervector covariance matrix used in extended MAP (or EMAP) speaker adaptation and show how it can be regarded as a new method of eigenvoice estimation. Unlike other approaches to the problem of estimating eigenvoices in situations where speaker-dependent training is not feasible, our method enables us to estimate as many eigenvoices from a given training set as there are training speakers. In the limit as the amount of training data for each speaker tends to infinity, it is equivalent to cluster adaptive training.
Detection of Peach Latent Mosaic Viroid in stone fruits from Chile (2003)

1 2 1 2 3 N. Fiore , N. Abou Ghanem-Sabanadzovic , R. Infante , A. Myrta and V. Pallas Facultad de Ciencias Agronumicas, Universidad de Chile, Av. Santa Rosa 11315 La Pintana Santiago (Chile) Istituto Agronomico Mediterraneo, Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano (BA) (Italy) Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia-CSIC, Advenida de los Naranjos S/N 46022 Valencia (Spain)
Neurons in the brain of the male cynomolgus monkey accumulate /sup 3/H-medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) (1986)

MPA is a synthetic progestin with androgen-depleting activity. It is used clinically to reduce sexual motivation and aggression in male sex offenders. The mechanisms for its behavioral effects are not known. The authors used steroid autoradiography to help identify sites where MPA may act in the brain of male primates. Twenty-four hours after castration, two adult male cynomolgus macaques, weighing 4.9 and 6.6 kg, were administered 5 mCi /sup 3/H-MPA (NEN, 47.7 Ci/mmol) i.v., and were killed 1 h later. Left sides of the brains and samples of pituitary glands were frozen and 4-micron sections were cut and processed for thaw-mount autoradiography. Radioactivity was concentrated in the nuclei of many neutrons in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (n.), arcuate n., medial preoptic n., and anterior hypothalamic area. Virtually no labeled cells were seen in the bed n. of stria terminalis, lateral septal n., amygdala, or pituitary gland. Right sides of the brains were analyzed by HPLC which demonstrated that 98% of the radioactivity in cell nuclei from the hypothalamus was in the form of unmetabolized /sup 3/H-MPA. The distribution of labelling in the brain following /sup 3/H-MPA administration resembled that previously seen following /sup 3/H-ORG 2058 in female cynomolgus monkeys. Thesemore » data indicate that MPA has a circumscribed localization in the brain.« less
P3‐305: Long‐term reduction of Aβ deposits in APP + PS1 transgenic mice via adeno‐associated viral vector mediated gene delivery of neprilysin (2010)

Aβ deposition is one of the major neuropathological hallmarks Alzheimer's disease (AD); so reducing amyloid burden may present a possible therapeutic strategy. One of the proteases involved in the degradation of Aβ peptides is neprilysin (Nep). In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of an intracranial administration of a recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV) expressing Nep constructs on amyloid deposition in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Three constructs of Nep were expressed under the control of the chicken beta-actin promoter with the rAAV serotype 9 capsid particles: the native, membrane bound form of Nep (Nep-N), a gene construct directing secretion of active Nep (Nep-S) and a gene construct containing a single point mutation at the enzymatic active site precluding proteolysis (Nep-M). The rAAV vectors were injected bilaterally into the anterior cortex and hippocampus of 7-month-old mice, while non-injected transgenic mice were used as controls. Brain tissue was collected 9 months later when mice were 16 months of age. Immunohistochemical analysis showed significant reductions in Aβ and congo red staining in the hippocampus and cortex of mice injected with either the native or the secreted form of neprilysin compared with mice which received the proteolytically inactive Nep. Additional analyses of other markers of amyloid and microglial activation are ongoing. These findings suggest that increasing the expression of the Aβ-degrading enzyme neprilysin through gene therapy is a promising approach to the treatment of AD. Supported by NIH grant AG 25509
Synthesis and Functionalization of Novel Tetrathia[7]helicenes as New Push-Pull Systems (2006)

The synthesis of new functionalized 1,2-bis(benzodithienyl)ethenes as well as the preparation of the new tetrathia[7]helicenes are described. The helicenes reported are new chiral push-pull molecules, with potential application in optoelectronics.
A Low Cost Experimental Neutron Chain Reactor Part 2 (1952)

Description of cooling, shielding, controls are discussed for 100 kw and 1 Mw operation of a low cost experimental neutron chain reactor.