gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formal methods for protocol testing: a detailed study (1989)

The authors present a detailed study of four formal methods (T-, U-, D-, and W-methods) for generating test sequences for protocols. Applications of these methods to the NBS Class 4 Transport Protocol are discussed. An estimation of fault coverage of four protocol-test-sequence generation techniques using Monte Carlo simulation is also presented. The ability of a test sequence to decide whether a protocol implementation conforms to its specification heavily relies on the range of faults that it can capture. Conformance is defined at two levels, namely, weak and strong conformance. This study shows that a test sequence produced by T-method has a poor fault detection capability, whereas test sequences produced by U-, D-, and W-methods have comparable (superior to that for T-method) fault coverage on several classes of randomly generated machines used in this study. Also, some problems with a straightforward application of the four protocol-test-sequence generation methods to real-world communication protocols are pointed out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystallinity of Partially<i>N</i>-Acetylated Chitosans (1993)

In order to search for a chitosan with low crystallinity, partially N-deacetylated chitins (PDC) and partially N-acetylated chitosans (PAC) with a low degree of N-acetylation (DAc) were examined by X-ray powder diffraction measurements. Three PDC samples, having less than 30% DAc and prepared by solid-state deacetylation, gave X-ray powder patterns showing the presence of α-chitin, a hydrated crystal of chitosan, or their mixture, respectively. When these PDC samples were treated with an acid-alkali, however, reduced crystallinity was observed. By annealing in water at 160 or 200°C, the latter PDC having DAc less than approx. 22% gave powder patterns indicating the presence of an anhydrous crystal which may spoil the chitosan’s functionality. In contrast, PAC prepared by N-acetylating pure chitosan (DAc=0%) in a swollen state, which can be expected to have random copolymers in the chain, was always less crystallized than PDC, this crystallinity depending on the molecular weight. In the case of high-molecu...
Duration of, and Temporal Trends (1994-1997) in, Prehospital Delay in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction (1999)

These results provide insights into recent delay times and into groups at risk for prolonged delay.
A stream library using Erlang binaries (2005)

An implementation of a Stream Library for erlang is described which uses Built-In Functions (BIFs) for fast access. The approach uses binaries to represent and process stream data in high volume, high performance applications. The library is intended to assist developers dealing with communication protocols, purely textual content, formatted data records and the routing of streamed data. The new BIFs are shown to improve performance as much as 250 times over native erlang functions. The reduction in memory usage caused by the BIFs also allows successful processing in situations that crashed the runtime as application functions.
Three 3-aryl-5-cyanopyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridines (1999)

4-(4-Chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-3-(4-methylphenyl)-6-diphenyl-4,7-dihydro-2Hpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine–dimethyl formamide (2/1), 2C26H19ClN4·C3H7NO, (I), 5-cyano-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,6-diphenyl-4,7-dihydro-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, C26H20N4O, (II), and 3,4-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-5-cyano-6-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine, C25H14Cl2N4, (III), were prepared from the corresponding 3-amino-5-arylpyrazoles and α-cyanochalcones. NMR solution studies (1H, 13 C, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, reveal the 2H-tautomers as being preferred in solution (DMSO-d6). X-ray diffraction studies showed that (I) and (II) also have the 2H-tautomeric structures in the crystal structures. (III) is the aromatic crystalline product formed by oxidation of a 2H precusor during re-crystallization. (I) exists as hydrogen-bonded trimers (two pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine systems and a dimethyl formamide), (II) forms two-dimensional sheets and (III) is a centrosymmetric dimer. A paper discussing the chemistry of the above compounds is being prepared
DTM94 atmosphere model and its application. (1999)

DTM94 atmosphere model is briefly described in the text,and in contrast with DTM78 preliminary consideration and analyses are carried out.Therein,the Authors present the variation of atmospheric density with geomagnetic indices k p and solar radio flux,respectively.20 day interval global SLR data from satellite Ajisai was reduced.It shows that atmosphere model DTM94 is beneficial to the precise orbit determination of satellite Ajisai.
Face Fly and Horn Fly Reduction on Cattle with Fenvalerate Ear Tags13 (1981)

Journal Article Face Fly and Horn Fly Reduction on Cattle with Fenvalerate Ear Tags Get access F. W. Knapp, F. W. Knapp Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Herald F. Herald Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1 June 1981, Pages 295–296, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/74.3.295 Published: 01 June 1981 Article history Received: 18 August 1980 Published: 01 June 1981
Reliability of Flash Nonvolatile Memories (2001)

This paper reviews the reliability of Flash nonvolatile memories, with particular attention to dielectric degradation. These memories are manufactured with the same materials and processing steps as are other types of IC's, but unique features of Flash memories create very different reliability challenges. These features stem from the three unique functions of the Flash cell: to program, to erase, and to retain charge for years. Each of these functions has its own characteristic degradation mechanisms. A fascinating aspect of Flash reliability is the insight that can be gained into dielectric degradation mechanisms. In normal use, Flash dielectrics experience levels of electric field, hot-carrier bombardment, and charge fluence that other IC processes experience only in capacitor breakdown studies and other accelerated stresses. Catastrophic breakdown does not occur, however, because the stress from charging and discharging the floating-gate capacitor is fundamentally self-limiting. At the same time, dielectric leakage of a few electrons a day can be measurable in a Flash cell. The combination of high stress, self-limiting degradation, and high leakage sensitivity allows prebreakdown dielectric degradation to be studied in great detail. Although Flash memory technology poses unique development challenges, engineering optimization can make these memories highly reliable.
Experimental Identification of Diffusive Coupling Using 2D NMR (2014)

Spin relaxation based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been used extensively to determine pore size distributions in a variety of materials. This approach is based on the assumption that each pore is in the fast diffusion limit but that diffusion between pores can be neglected. However, in complex materials these assumptions may be violated and the relaxation time distribution is not easily interpreted. We present a 2D NMR technique and an associated data analysis that allow us to work directly with the time dependent experimental data without Laplace inversion to identify the signature of diffusive coupling between different pores. Measurements on microporous glass beads and numerical simulations are used to illustrate the technique.
Noise figure for erbium-doped optical fibre amplifiers (1988)

A rate equation model is used to calculate the excess noise figure for erbium-doped fibre amplifiers. It is shown that erbium amplifiers can operate with high gain and can have noise figures only 0.2 dB above the quantum limit.
Network-connected UAV communications: Potentials and challenges (2018)

This article explores the use of network-connected unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications as a compelling solution to achieve high-rate information transmission and support ultra-reliable UAV remote command and control. We first discuss the use cases of UAVs and the resulting communication requirements, accompanied with a flexible architecture for network-connected UAV communications. Then, the signal transmission and interference characteristics are theoretically analyzed, and subsequently we highlight the design and optimization considerations, including antenna design, nonorthogonal multiple access communications, as well as network selection and association optimization. Finally, case studies are provided to show the feasibility of network-connected UAV communications.
Fall-Prevention Strategies and Patient Characteristics That Impact Fall Rates After Total Knee Arthroplasty (2014)

Our data demonstrate a reduction in fall incidence coinciding with the implementation of a multi-intervention fall-prevention strategy. Despite prevention efforts, patients of advanced age, elimination-related activities, and patients in the intermediate phase (late postoperative day 1 through day 3) of recovery continue to have a high risk for falling. Therefore, fall-prevention strategies should continue to provide education to all patients (especially elderly patients) and reinforce practices that will monitor patients within their hospital rooms.
Progressive Telomere Dysfunction Causes Cytokinesis Failure and Leads to the Accumulation of Polyploid Cells (2012)

Most cancer cells accumulate genomic abnormalities at a remarkably rapid rate, as they are unable to maintain their chromosome structure and number. Excessively short telomeres, a known source of chromosome instability, are observed in early human-cancer lesions. Besides telomere dysfunction, it has been suggested that a transient phase of polyploidization, in most cases tetraploidization, has a causative role in cancer. Proliferation of tetraploids can gradually generate subtetraploid lineages of unstable cells that might fire the carcinogenic process by promoting further aneuploidy and genomic instability. Given the significance of telomere dysfunction and tetraploidy in the early stages of carcinogenesis, we investigated whether there is a connection between these two important promoters of chromosomal instability. We report that human mammary epithelial cells exhibiting progressive telomere dysfunction, in a pRb deficient and wild-type p53 background, fail to complete the cytoplasmatic cell division due to the persistence of chromatin bridges in the midzone. Flow cytometry together with fluorescence in situ hybridization demonstrated an accumulation of binucleated polyploid cells upon serial passaging cells. Restoration of telomere function through hTERT transduction, which lessens the formation of anaphase bridges by recapping the chromosome ends, rescued the polyploid phenotype. Live-cell imaging revealed that these polyploid cells emerged after abortive cytokinesis due to the persistence of anaphase bridges with large intervening chromatin in the cleavage plane. In agreement with a primary role of anaphase bridge intermediates in the polyploidization process, treatment of HMEC-hTERT cells with bleomycin, which produces chromatin bridges through illegimitate repair, resulted in tetraploid binucleated cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that human epithelial cells exhibiting physiological telomere dysfunction engender tetraploid cells through interference of anaphase bridges with the completion of cytokinesis. These observations shed light on the mechanisms operating during the initial stages of human carcinogenesis, as they provide a link between progressive telomere dysfunction and tetraploidy.
Kurtosis based multichannel ECG signal denoising and diagnostic distortion measures (2009)

Multichannel electrocardiogram (MECG) signal de-noising can be described as a process of removing the clinically unimportant contents present from the signal. Higher order statistics (HOS) can help to retain finer details of an electrocardiogram (ECG) signal which can effectively reduce the noise levels in MECG signal. In this work, it is proposed to evaluate the HOS (kurtosis) in each Wavelet band to denoise an MECG signal. Thresholding levels are derived based on the values of fourth order cumulant, `kurtosis', of the wavelet coefficients and energy contribution efficiency (ECE) of wavelet sub-bands. The performance of this method for compressed signals is evaluated using percentage root mean square difference (PRD), weighted PRD (WPRD), and wavelet weighted percentage root mean square difference (WWPRD). The proposed algorithm is tested with database of CSE mutlilead measurement library. The results show significant improvement in denoising the MECG signals.
Introduction (1986)

'I have lived 78 years without hearing of bloody places like Cambodia.'—winston churchill1This is the story of the Geneva Conference of 1954 on Indochina. It will be treated here as an important episode in the history of mid-twentieth-century British diplomacy. In a broader perspective, of course, it is the merest incident in the continuing tragedy of conflict in Indochina. That has already lasted longer, involved more nations, had wider repercussions and perhaps reshuffled more coalitions than the Thirty Years War in seventeenth-century Europe. And the Thirty Years War, modern historians insist, was misnamed. It could equally well have been called the Hundred Years War. In Indochina too, the dragon's teeth were sown long before the half century that saw, we hope, the worst of their harvest, but the bitter reaping is far from over. Americans, Australians, British, Chinese, French, Japanese, Koreans may each single out certain months or years as the period of their involvement in actual combat: most of the indigenous inhabitants now alive have never known a time when there was no fighting in Indochina. Many of them never will.KeywordsIndigenous InhabitantActual CombatBritish OfficialForeign LegionEuropean AllyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Localized electro-thermal processing: a new route to the patterning of magnetic recording media (2010)

Previous reports have detailed the fabrication of media able to support high density magnetic recording in both longitudinal and perpendicular formats by the global rapid thermal processing of sputtered non-magnetic precursor films. During processing in this manner a magnetic element is released from its nitride and agglomerates to form a random near mono-dispersion of magnetic nano-particles. Here we explore, primarily through modelling and simulation, the feasibility of processing similarly formulated precursor media not globally but locally. We investigate the potential of using conducting nano-probe tips to produce, via electro-thermal (Joule) heating, a nano-patterned recording medium in the form of regular arrays of magnetic islands in a non-magnetic host. In the first instance we concentrate on the simplest cobalt based precursor medium for which both initial simulation and experimental studies indicate the formation of magnetic islands with dimensions of the order of the tip diameter; this is relatively straightforward. The results signify that if practical production scenarios can be devised to produce technologically significant areas of recording media by the rapid multi-probe repetition of this technique, then processing in this manner offers a promising route to areal recording densities of perhaps 5 Terabit/in(2) even with the simplest cobalt media. We also note that the electro-thermal processing method is potentially extendable to the production of a wide variety of magnetic materials (e.g. PtCo, FeCo, NiFe alloys) and, applied via electrical nano-imprinting type techniques, to the production of a wide variety of patterned structures.
All Things Are Falling (1992)

IA In Things Are FallingSo he smiles down at the warm weight of his son sleep-breathing against the curve of his body, head leaned into the soft mound between shoulder and tight man-breast.All things, he thinks, are falling.Outside, a robin makes its languid flight from rooftop to tree.In the late afternoon, summer sky, the round moon rests in the thin palm of a cloud.The man closes his eyes, the book falls from his hand, and they sleep in the chair until dark.
The Lens Interconnection Strategy (1981)

In this paper we describe a new family of topologies for interconnecting many identical processors to form an MIMD multiprocessor. It extends to arbitrarily many processors while keeping the number of neighbors of any one processor fixed. We show that this family behaves very well with respect to uniformity of bus load, simplicity of routing algorithms, and distance between processors.
NCBI Reference Sequences (RefSeq): current status, new features and genome annotation policy (2011)

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Reference Sequence (RefSeq) database is a collection of genomic, transcript and protein sequence records. These records are selected and curated from public sequence archives and represent a significant reduction in redundancy compared to the volume of data archived by the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration. The database includes over 16,00 organisms, 2.4 × 0(6) genomic records, 13 × 10(6) proteins and 2 × 10(6) RNA records spanning prokaryotes, eukaryotes and viruses (RefSeq release 49, September 2011). The RefSeq database is maintained by a combined approach of automated analyses, collaboration and manual curation to generate an up-to-date representation of the sequence, its features, names and cross-links to related sources of information. We report here on recent growth, the status of curating the human RefSeq data set, more extensive feature annotation and current policy for eukaryotic genome annotation via the NCBI annotation pipeline. More information about the resource is available online (see http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/RefSeq/).
Clinical Experience With the Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonist Losartan (1992)

The nonpeptide angiotensin II (All)-receptor antagonist losartan is a selective blocker of the pressor effects of AIL It is now being evaluated as an antihypertensive drug in multicenter clinical trials in the United States and other countries. Preliminary inpatient studies have shown that after 5 days of treatment, losartan—in doses of 50,100, and 150 mg — is significantly more effective than placebo in decreasing blood pressure, and has efficacy similar to that of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor enalapril. Large-scale dose-ranging studies in ambulatory hypertensive patients have shown that 10- and 25-mg losartan doses have brief effects in lowering blood pressure, but when given once daily, 50 mg is the minimal dose needed to produce significant day-long decreases in blood pressure. Interestingly, higher doses do not appeato exhibit greater efficacy; however, the effects of these doses are all similar to those of enalapril (20 mg once daily). Losartan's long duration of action is documented by ratios of trough (end of 24-h dosing interval) to peak antihypertensive effects, which are consistently above 50%. Clinical experiences thus far have indicated a low incidence of adverse events. Preliminary animal and in vitro investigations have shown that losartan produces beneficial effects on cardiac function, renal function, and survival that are similar to those of ACE inhibitors. Additional studies are now under way to define more fully the cardiovascular and metabolic profiles of losartan. Am J Hypertens 1992;5:247S–251S
Finite Element Models for Thin-Walled Steel Member Connections (2012)

The behavior of connections associated with the thin-walled steel members is distinctly different from that of hot-rolled steel connections, primarily because of the flexibility of the plates. A typical cold-formed steel structural construction may entail such numerous connections. The incorporation of large number of such connections in an analysis and design, using sophisticated finite element models, is very tedious and time consuming and may present computational difficulties. The objective of this investigation is to create simplified, yet reasonably accurate, finite element models for the analysis of screw connections and bolted connections associated with thin-walled sheet steel construction. The primary plates were modeled using quadrilateral shell elements, and nonlinear stress-strain relationship was established based on experiments. The fasteners were modeled as an elastic medium. The plate-to-plate interactions and the plate-to-screw interactions were incorporated using contact elements. The study considered two finite element models of different complexity. The performance of these models was established through comparisons with the corresponding experimental results. The finite element analysis results exhibit reasonably good agreement with the test results in terms of connection stiffness, screw tilting, end curling, and average longitudinal strain. The recommended simplified connection model is capable of reproducing the behavior of sheet steel screw and bolt connections.
High power operation of a nitrogen doped, vanadium compensated, 6H-SiC extrinsic photoconductive switch (2014)

We report the high power operation of nitrogen doped, vanadium compensated, 6H-SiC, extrinsic photoconductive switches with improved vanadium and nitrogen dopant density. Photoconductive switching tests are performed on 1 mm thick, m-plane, switch substrates at switch voltage and currents up to 17 kV and 1.5 kA, respectively. Sub-ohm minimum switch on resistance is achieved for peak optical intensities ≥35 MW/cm2 at 532 nm applied to the switch facet. A reduction of greater than nine orders of magnitude is observed in switch material resistivity between dark and illuminated states.
A no-reference quality metric for measuring image blur (2003)

In this paper, a method for measuring the perceptual quality of blurred images has been proposed. Here, the amount of image blur is characterized by the average extent of edges in the image, or more specifically the average extent of the slope's spread of an edge in the opposing gradients' directions. The effectiveness of such method is validated using subjective tests on blurred images, including JPEG-2000 coded images, and the experimental results show that the proposed method can provide results that correlate relatively well with human subjective ratings.
Colonization of gnotobiotic mice by Roseburia cecicola, a motile, obligately anaerobic bacterium from murine ceca (1983)

In scrapings of mouse cecal mucosae, motile bacteria outnumbered nonmotile bacteria by a ratio of 2:1. Obligately anaerobic bacteria were obtained from such scrapings through the use of techniques designed for the selective isolation of motile bacteria. One of the isolates, Roseburia cecicola, was rapidly motile in broth by means of 20 to 35 flagella arranged in a fascicle on each cell. R. cecicola cells colonized germfree mice (3 x 10(9) to 1 x 10(10) CFU/g of cecum) within 11 days after the animals were inoculated intragastrically with 2 x 10(8) CFU per mouse. In such monoassociated gnotobiotes, the bacteria were found primarily in the cecum, dispersed in the lumen among particles of digesta, and in the mucus over the epithelial surface. Between 2 and 3 weeks after birth, offspring of monoassociated adult mice were colonized by the bacterium (2 x 10(9) to 1 x 10(10) CFU/g of cecum). These results indicate that R. cecicola is suitable for studies of the ecology of host-associated microorganisms, particularly for investigation of the role of motility and possibly also chemotaxis in bacterial colonization of the mammalian gastrointestinal tract.