gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion Inhibition Effects of Small-Sized Polymethyleneimine (1971)

It has been reported that the inhibition effect of medium‐sized polymethyleneimines on the corrosion of iron in solution is notably good, and that this effect is closely related to strain in their rings.inhibition mechanism of small‐sized polymethyleneimines containing 2 to 5 methylene groups was studied. Corrosion rates of pure iron in solution were determined by polarization measurement. Inhibition efficiency of these imines decreases with increase in number of methylene groups. Because of decreasing with increase in the methylene number, the strain in the imine ring seems to be related to the inhibition effectiveness of these imines. From discussions of the corrosion inhibition data together with basic strength, relative molecular area, and molecular structure of these imines, and with infrared spectra of reaction products derived from these imines, it is concluded that the inhibition efficiency of these imines does not depend on the Π‐electron bonding between metal and nitrogen atom, as shown for medium‐sized ones. The high inhibition effect of C2 and C3 imine is caused by that of polymer molecules formed by the ring‐opening reaction of these imines.
Mapping daily evapotranspiration at field to global scales using geostationary and polar orbiting satellite imagery (2010)

Abstract. Thermal infrared (TIR) remote sensing of land-surface temperature (LST) provides valuable information about the sub-surface moisture status required for estimating evapotranspiration (ET) and detecting the onset and severity of drought. While empirical indices measuring anomalies in LST and vegetation amount (e.g., as quantified by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; NDVI) have demonstrated utility in monitoring ET and drought conditions over large areas, they may provide ambiguous results when other factors (soil moisture, advection, air temperature) are affecting plant stress. A more physically based interpretation of LST and NDVI and their relationship to sub-surface moisture conditions can be obtained with a surface energy balance model driven by TIR remote sensing. The Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) model is a multi-sensor TIR approach to ET mapping, coupling a two-source (soil+canopy) land-surface model with an atmospheric boundary layer model in time-differencing mode to routinely and robustly map daily fluxes at continental scales and 5–10 km resolution using thermal band imagery and insolation estimates from geostationary satellites. A related algorithm (DisALEXI), spatially disaggregates ALEXI fluxes down to finer spatial scales using moderate resolution TIR imagery from polar orbiting satellites. An overview of this modeling approach is presented, along with strategies for fusing information from multiple satellite platforms and wavebands to map daily ET down to resolutions of 30 m. The ALEXI/DisALEXI model has potential for global applications by integrating data from multiple geostationary meteorological satellite systems, such as the US Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites, the European Meteosat satellites, the Chinese Fen-yung 2B series, and the Japanese Geostationary Meteorological Satellites. Work is underway to further evaluate multi-scale ALEXI implementations over the US, Europe and, Africa and other continents with geostationary satellite coverage.
Impact of a natural disaster on access to care and biopsychosocial outcomes among Hispanic/Latino cancer survivors (2020)

Cancer is the leading cause of death in Puerto Rico (PR). Hurricane Maria (HM) and its aftermath lead to widespread devastation on the island, including the collapse of the healthcare system. Medically fragile populations, such as cancer survivors, were significantly affected. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of HM on barriers to care, emotional distress, and inflammatory biomarkers among cancer survivors in PR. This exploratory longitudinal study was conducted in health care facilities and community support groups from PR. Cancer survivors (n = 50) and non-cancer participants (n = 50) completed psychosocial questionnaires and provided blood samples that were used to assess inflammatory cytokines levels. Among this cohort, we identified 41 matched cancer survivors/non-cancer participants pairs. Data were analyzed through descriptive, frequencies, correlational, and regression analyses. Cancer survivors that were affected by HM reported increased barriers in accessing medical care, which were directly associated with anxiety, perceived stress, and post-traumatic symptomatology. Moreover, being a cancer survivor, predicted more barriers to receiving health care, especially in the first six weeks after the event, after which the effect was attenuated. Several inflammatory cytokines, such as CD31, BDNF, TFF3, Serpin E-1, VCAM-1, Vitamin D BP, and PDGF-AA, were significantly upregulated in cancer survivors while MMP9 and Osteopontin both had significant positive correlations with barriers to care. HM significantly impacted Puerto Ricans psychosocial well-being. Cancer survivors had significant barriers to care and showed increased serum inflammatory cytokines but did not show differences in anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic symptoms compared to non-cancer participants.
Low temperature epitaxial growth of Ge quantum dot on Si(100)-(2×1) by femtosecond laser excitation (2011)

Low temperature epitaxy of Ge quantum dots on Si(100)-(2×1) by femtosecond pulsed laser deposition under femtosecond laser excitation was investigated. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction and atomic force microscopy were used to analyze the growth mode and morphology. Epitaxial growth was achieved at ∼70 °C by using femtosecond laser excitation of the substrate. A purely electronic mechanism of enhanced surface diffusion of the Ge adatoms is proposed.
Therapeutic effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell injection in horses suffering from bone spavin (2013)

In this article we demonstrate the efficiency of autologous transplantations of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells for equine bone spavin treatment. Horses qualified to the study were divided into three groups: (i) research - treated with intra-articular injections of autologous stem cells, (ii) comparison treated with steroid drugs and (iii) control - untreated. All animals underwent comprehensive clinical examination before and after treatment. Our research confirms the long-term beneficial influence resulting from stem cell therapy in horse bone spavin treatment, in contrast to routine steroid usage.
A REVIEW: SEPARATION AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ANTHOCYANINS USED FOR THEIR QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS (1987)

Methods of analysis for naturally occurring anthocyanins are described. The large number of chemical groups which may bind to the flavylium molecule has contributed to a large variation in structure, making the qualitative analysis of anthocyanins difficult. Qualitative analysis has generally involved preliminary solvent extraction followed by chromatographic separation and purification of pigments. Individual anthocyanins are then characterized by their chromatographic mobility, absorption spectra, and by means of controlled hydrolysis and oxidation tests. Quantitative analysis of anthocyanins may be carried out using either differential or subtractive spectral methods. The validity of results obtained by either of these methods is dependent on the presence or absence of interfering substances within the samples. Where the quantification of individual anthocyanins is desired, their separation from a mixture, normally by means of column chromatography, is first necessary. High resolution of microgram quantities of anthocyanin without the need for extensive sample purification prior to analysis has led to an increase in the use of HPLC techniques for quantitative work.
Distributed decision making for task switching via a consensus-like algorithm (2009)

We propose a consensus-like algorithm for switching from a first to a second task in Multi-Agent Systems. The task-switch is supposed to occur synchronously for all agents after each single agent has finished the first task, because the two tasks may influence each other. As every agent has only local information about its own task-state, the proposed algorithm is used to determine the state of the whole network. With this additional information each agent can decide when to safely switch the task. In this paper, the first task is a distributed exploration control law, while the second task is a distributed coverage control law where the goal is to maximize the probability of detecting certain events. By exploring the mission space before switching to the coverage task, the overall probability of detecting those events is increased. For the exploration task a r-limited voronoi cell based algorithm is used and for the coverage task a gradient based control law.
Differential Regulation of NF-κB2(p100) Processing and Control by Amino-Terminal Sequences (1996)

Proteolytic degradation of the C-terminal region of NF-(kappa)B precursors to their active DNA binding forms represents an important regulatory step in the activation of NF-(kappa)B. NF-(kappa)B2(p100) is found ubiquitously in the cytoplasm; however, the site and mechanism of processing to p52 have not previously been defined. We show by deletion mapping that processing of NF-(kappa)B2(p100) terminates at alanine 405 to generate p52 and is prevented by specific inhibitors of the multicatalytic proteinase complex. Although the C-terminal I(kappa)B-like domain of NF-(kappa)B2(p100) was constitutively phosphorylated, disruption of this phosphorylation by mutagenesis demonstrated that it was not required as a signal to mediate processing. Mutational analysis further showed that cleavage of NF-(kappa)B2 is not dependent on a specific sequence motif adjacent to alanine 405, the ankyrin repeats, or other C-terminal sequences but is directed by structural determinants amino terminal to the cleavage site, within the Rel homology domain and/or the glycine hinge region. The level of processing of NF-(kappa)B2(p100) was much lower than that of NF-(kappa)B1(p105) and differed from that of I(kappa)B-alpha, suggesting differential control of processing of NF-(kappa)B/I(kappa)B family members.
Advances in quantum cascade lasers for security and crime-fighting (2010)

Advances in the application of Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCL) to trace gas detection will be presented. The solution is real time (~1 μsec per scan), is insensitive to turbulence and vibration, and performs multiple measurements in one sweep. The QCL provides a large dynamic range, which is a linear response from ppt to % level. The concentration can be derived with excellent immunity from cross interference. Point sensing sensors developed by Cascade for home made and commercial explosives operate by monitoring key constituents in real time and matching this to a spatial event (i.e. sniffer device placed close to an object or person walking through portal (overt or covert). Programmable signature detection capability allows for detection of multiple chemical compounds along the most likely array of explosive chemical formulation. The advantages of configuration as "point sensing" or "stand off" will be discussed. In addition to explosives this method is highly applicable to the detection of mobile drugs labs through volatile chemical release.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Superconducting Properties of YBa2Cu3‐xAlxO6+δ (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20). (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photolyse von 9‐Azidotriptycenen (1976)

Ein Brückenkopf‐Imin der Struktur (2) bildet sich bei der Photolyse des Azids (1) . Führt man die Reaktion in Cyclohexan aus, so dimerisiert (2) zur Phan‐Struktur (3) mit 14‐gliedrigem Ring. magnified image
Total Elbow Arthroplasty in Patients Who Have Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis* (1998)

Patients who have juvenile rheumatoid arthritis often are seen at a very young age because of severe stiffness and pain in several joints. While total elbow replacement may be indicated in these patients, this procedure is difficult to perform because of contracture of the soft tissues and the extremely small bones and intramedullary cavities in these patients. As there is little information in the literature regarding this procedure, we attempted to learn about the long-term results by evaluating nineteen patients (twenty-four elbows) with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis who had been managed with total elbow arthroplasty. At an average of 7.4 years (range, two to fourteen years) after the operation, there was an improvement in the average Mayo elbow performance score from 31 points (range, 5 to 55 points) preoperatively to 90 points (range, 55 to 100 points). Twenty-two (96 per cent) of the twenty-three elbows available at the most recent follow-up evaluation caused little or no pain, but the improvement in the range of motion was not as reliable. The average arc of flexion improved from only 63 degrees preoperatively to 90 degrees postoperatively; the average postoperative arc of flexion began at 35 degrees, with additional flexion to 125 degrees. Examination of the four elbows that had been ankylosed before the procedure revealed an average arc of 73 degrees after the operation, and evaluation of the twenty ipsilateral wrists that were not limited by disease revealed that pronation and supination had been maintained. The average functional score improved from 9 points (range, 0 to 25 points) preoperatively to 23 points (range, 15 to 25 points) postoperatively (p < 0.001). The function of eighteen elbows (78 per cent) did not adversely affect the ability to perform activities of daily living. There were thirteen complications, including one perioperative death, that affected twelve of the twenty-four elbows. Seven of the nine early complications, including a fracture of the olecranon, subluxation of the prosthesis, stiffness of the elbow, and problems with wound-healing, led to an additional operative procedure but did not adversely affect the long-term outcome after appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Late complications (aseptic loosening, instability, and worn bushings) led to three poor results. None of the eighteen semiconstrained prostheses had radiographic evidence of loosening at the most recent follow-up evaluation. Of the twenty-three elbows that had been followed for at least two years, twelve (52 per cent) had an excellent result, eight (35 per cent) had a good result, and three (13 per cent) had a poor result.
An Analysis of Genetic Diversity Across the Maize Genome Using Microsatellites (2005)

How domestication bottlenecks and artificial selection shaped the amount and distribution of genetic variation in the genomes of modern crops is poorly understood. We analyzed diversity at 462 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites spread throughout the maize genome and compared the diversity observed at these SSRs in maize to that observed in its wild progenitor, teosinte. The results reveal a modest genome-wide deficit of diversity in maize relative to teosinte. The relative deficit of diversity is less for SSRs with dinucleotide repeat motifs than for SSRs with repeat motifs of more than two nucleotides, suggesting that the former with their higher mutation rate have partially recovered from the domestication bottleneck. We analyzed the relationship between SSR diversity and proximity to QTL for domestication traits and observed no relationship between these factors. However, we did observe a weak, although significant, spatial correlation for diversity statistics among SSRs within 2 cM of one another, suggesting that SSR diversity is weakly patterned across the genome. Twenty-four of 462 SSRs (5%) show some evidence of positive selection in maize under multiple tests. Overall, the pattern of genetic diversity at maize SSRs can be explained largely by a bottleneck effect with a smaller effect from selection.
Borverbindungen, XLIII. Regioselektive Synthese von O‐Derivaten einiger Methylglykoside (1976)

Abstract Auf zwei Wegen gewinnt man zu ca. 90% aus den Methylglykosiden 1‐4 das Methyl‐2,4‐O‐äthylborandiyl‐β‐D‐xylopyranosid (1 c), Methyl‐3,4‐ O ‐äthylborandiyl‐βL;‐arabinopyranosid (2c), Methyl‐4,6‐ O ‐äthylborandiyl‐a‐D‐glucopyranosid (3c) und das Methyl‐2,3 : 4,6‐bis‐O‐äthyl‐borandiyl‐a‐D‐mannopyranosid (4c). Aus 1 c‐4c werden die borhaltigen O ‐Acetylderivate 1d, 2d und 3d, die O ‐Benzoylderivate l e und 3e sowie das O ‐Tosylderivat 1f dargestellt. Mit Methanol bei Raumtemperatur sind daraus die borfreien O hyphen;Acylderivate 5‐11 zugänglich. ‐Von 4c wird eine Röntgenstrukturanalyse angegeben.
Response to Oxidative Stress Enables Fistulifera solaris to Efficiently Produce Biofuel (2014)

Biofuel can be produced sustainably by oleaginous microalgae when they are grown in nitrogen limited conditions. Fistulifera solaris JPCC DA0580 demonstrates higher lipid accumulation as a percentage of cell weight than other diatoms in nitrogen limited conditions. These features make it a solid candidate for biofuel production so we compared the gene expression of F. solaris with its close relative and a model diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The gene expression of the two diatoms cultured in low nitrogen conditions were used to calculate the difference in fold change expression. We selected genes exhibiting significantly different fold change differences and divided them into groups based on the direction of the fold change. These groups were characterised by the gene ontologies of known genes within their respective groups and the degree of fold change differences between the two diatoms in each group. The gene ontologies and fold change differences helped to highlight the differences in the way P. tricornutum adjusted to the low nitrogen conditions compared with F. solaris. Our results indicate that F. solaris maintains the expression of genes related to oxidative stress response. In contrast, the up-regulated P. tricornutum genes were related to nitrogen metabolism, and energy metabolism.
Functional and Structural Differences in Atria Versus Ventricles in Teleost Hearts (2012)

Across vertebrates, the fish heart is structurally relatively simple. The heart of teleosts is unique in structure, composed of four chambers in series: venous sinus, atrium, ventricle and bulbus arteriosus. The two chambers acting as pumps are the atrium and ventricle, a simplified ver‐ sion of that seen in tetrapods. These chambers develop from a simple linear tube [1] and differ not only morphologically but also physiologically with different characteristic rates of contrac‐ tility [2]. Fish heart design is reflective of the needs for oxygen delivery to working skeletal muscle in an often oxygen poor environment. The heart is the first definitive organ to develop and become functional, as embryological survival depends on its proper function. The verte‐ brate-specific development of multiple chambers with enough muscle to generate higher sys‐ temic pressures allowed for perfusion of larger and more complex tissues.
ChemInform Abstract: KATALYTISCHE ANLAGERUNG VON ALKOHOLEN AN 1,3‐BUTADIEN MIT HILFE VON RHODIUMTRICHLORIDHYDRATEN (1972)

Abstract RhC13°C n H 2 O (n: 2, 3) katalysiert die Addition von Alkoholen an Butadien (I) zu den entsprechenden Äthem (II).
On the effectiveness of movement prediction to reduce energy consumption in wireless communication (2003)

Node movement can be exploited to reduce the energy consumption of wireless network communication. The strategy consists in delaying communication until a mobile node moves close to its target peer node, within an application-imposed deadline. We evaluate the performance of various heuristics that, based on the movement history of the mobile node, estimate an optimal time (in the sense of least energy use) of communication subject to the delay constraint. We evaluate the impact of node movement model, length of movement history maintained, allowable delay, single hop versus multiple hop communication, and size of data transfer on the energy consumption. We also present measurement results on an iPAQ pocket PC that quantify energy consumption in executing the prediction algorithms. Our results show that, with relatively simple and hence efficient prediction heuristics, energy savings in communication can significantly outweigh the energy expenses in executing the prediction algorithms.
Dynamics of Vibrational Populations in Optically Pumped Hemeproteins (1986)

Although proteins are disordered materials they can be crystallized and an equilibrium distribution of atomic coordinates can be determined using X-ray diffraction. Thus in contrast to liquids and glasses, the relaxation processes that are induced by the medium can be evaluated in terms of a known equilibrium structure. We report here molecular dynamics simulations of the influence of the surrounding protein on the vibrational energy content of the heme (iron porphyrin) typical of that introduced by absorption of the energy of a visible photon.
Vibronics and plasmonics based graphene sensors (2010)

A high sensitivity and selectivity sensor is proposed using graphene ribbons which are able to read molecular vibrations and molecular electrostatic potentials, acting as an amplifier and as a transducer converting molecular signals into current-voltage quantities of standard electronics. Two sensing mechanisms are used to demonstrate the concept using ab initio density functional methods. By using the terahertz region of the spectrum, we can characterize modes when single molecules are adsorbed on the ribbon surface. Characteristic modes can be obtained and used as fingerprints, which can be transduced into current by applying a voltage along the ribbons. On the other hand, the fully delocalized frontier molecular orbitals of graphene ribbons, commonly denominated plasmons in larger solid state structures, are extremely sensitive to any moiety approach; once plasmons are in contact with an "agent" (actually its molecular potential), the transport through the ribbons acting as electrodes catching the signals is strongly affected.