gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrared Spectroelectrochemical Analysis of Adsorbed Hexacyanoferrate Species Formed during Potential Cycling in the Ferrocyanide/Ferricyanide Redox Couple (1997)

External reflection FT-IR techniques allowed for in situ examination of interfacial electrochemical events occurring in a thin-layer spectroelectrochemical cell. The formation of an adsorbed hexacyanoferrate (HCF) species on a platinum electrode during potential cycling in the ferri-/ferrocyanide redox couple was investigated. At neutral pH with KCl as electrolyte, a hexacyanoferrate complex forms during potential cycling in the ferri-/ferrocyanide redox couple, but only if the potential limits are quite large. Characterization of the adsorbed complex indicates that it initially adsorbs as soluble Prussian Blue (KFeII[FeIII(CN)6]) with no evidence of the presence of insoluble Prussian Blue [Fe4III(Fe2II(CN)6]. This HCF complex can reversibly adsorb and grow on the electrode surface and desorb and decompose to reform solution-phase ferricyanide and ferrocyanide. Adsorption of the HCF complex decreases, but does not completely inhibit, electron transfer.
Automatic Detection of Long Period Events Based on Subband-Envelope Processing (2017)

This work presents a novel approach to automatic detection of long period events (LP) in continuous seismic records. Without any supervised learning, the proposal is based on a simple processing to search for the LP characteristic shape, duration, and band of activity. Continuous raw signals from the seismometer are first filtered into three frequency bands separating lower, central, and upper frequency components. These new signals are then processed in parallel to extract subband envelopes and create a characteristic function that enhances LP features. Experiments to test the proposal are presented using: 1) 2 h of continuous recordings of the Volcano of Deception Island, Antarctica, containing LP events artificially contaminated with seismic background noise to create low signal-to-noise ratio scenarios and 2) a set of earthquake-like computer generated signals, randomly produced and inserted in the continuous records to recreate a testing environment as challenging as possible. A receiver operating curve analysis of the results compared to those of a classical short/long time average approach, provides positive conclusions on the performance of the technique presented.
Smart Organic Two‐Dimensional Materials Based on a Rational Combination of Non‐covalent Interactions (2016)

Rational design of organic 2D (O2D) materials has made some progress, but it is still in its infancy. A class of self-assembling small molecules is presented that form nano/microscale supramolecular 2D materials in aqueous media. A judicial combination of four different intermolecular interactions forms the basis for the robust formation of these ultrathin assemblies. These assemblies can be programmed to disassemble in response to a specific protein and release its non-covalently bound guest molecules.
VaxiJen: a server for prediction of protective antigens, tumour antigens and subunit vaccines (2007)

VaxiJen is the first server for alignment-independent prediction of protective antigens. It was developed to allow antigen classification solely based on the physicochemical properties of proteins without recourse to sequence alignment. The server can be used on its own or in combination with alignment-based prediction methods. It is freely-available online at the URL: http://www.jenner.ac.uk/VaxiJen.
Multilingual Sentence Categorization according to Language (1995)

In this paper, we describe an approach to sentence categorization which has the originality to be based on natural properties of languages with no training set dependency. The implementation is fast, small, robust and textual errors tolerant. Tested for french, english, spanish and german discrimination, the system gives very interesting results, achieving in one test 99.4% correct assignments on real sentences. The resolution power is based on grammatical words (not the most common words) and alphabet. Having the grammatical words and the alphabet of each language at its disposal, the system computes for each of them its likelihood to be selected. The name of the language having the optimum likelihood will tag the sentence --- but non resolved ambiguities will be maintained. We will discuss the reasons which lead us to use these linguistic facts and present several directions to improve the system's classification performance. Categorization sentences with linguistic properties shows that difficult problems have sometimes simple solutions.
Versatility of Staphylococcus aureus protein A in immunocytochemistry. Use in unlabeled antibody enzyme system and fluorescent methods. (1979)

Free accessAbstractFirst published November 1979Versatility of Staphylococcus aureus protein A in immunocytochemistry. Use in unlabeled antibody enzyme system and fluorescent methods.G W Notani, J A Parsons, and S L ErlandsenView all authors and affiliationsVolume 27, Issue 11https://doi.org/10.1177/27.11.390040
Lewis Base Behavior of Bridging Nitrido Ligands of Titanium Polynuclear Complexes (2009)

The Lewis base behavior of mu3-nitrido ligands of the polynuclear titanium complexes [{Ti(eta5-C5Me5)(mu-NH)}3(mu3-N)] (1) and [{Ti(eta5-C5Me5)}4(mu3-N)4] (2) to MX Lewis acids has been observed for the first time. Complex 1 entraps one equivalent of copper(I) halide or copper(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate through the basal NH imido groups to give cube-type adducts [XCu{(mu3-NH)3Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu3-N)}] (X=Cl (3), Br (4), I (5), OSO2CF3 (6)). However, the treatment of 1 with an excess (> or = 2 equiv) of copper reagents afforded complexes [XCu{(mu3-NH)3Ti3(eta5-C5Me5)3(mu4-N)(CuX)}] (X=Cl (7), Br (8), I (9), OSO2CF3 (10)) by incorporation of an additional CuX fragment at the mu3-N nitrido apical group. Similarly, the tetranuclear cube-type nitrido derivative 2 is capable of incorporating one, two, or up to three CuX units at the mu3-N ligands to give complexes [{Ti(eta5-C5Me5)}4(mu3-N)(4-n){(mu4-N)CuX}n] (X=Br (11), n=1; X=Cl (12), n=2; X=OSO2CF3 (13), n=3). Compound 2 also reacts with silver(I) trifluoromethanesulfonate (> or = 1 equiv) to give the adduct [{Ti(eta5-C5Me5)}4(mu3-N)3{(mu4-N)AgOSO2CF3}] (14). X-ray crystal structure determinations have been performed for complexes 8-13. Density functional theory calculations have been carried out to understand the nature and strength of the interactions of [{Ti(eta5-C5H5)(mu-NH)}3(mu3-N)] (1') and [{Ti(eta5-C5H5)}4(mu3-N)4] (2') model complexes with copper and silver MX fragments. Although coordination through the three basal NH imido groups is thermodynamically preferred in the case of 1', in both complexes the mu3-nitrido groups act as two-electron donor Lewis bases to the appropriate Lewis acids.
Computerized Ultrasonic System for On-Line Determination of Chromium Thickness During Plating of Tubes (1993)

A computerized system for ultrasonic thickness determination of plated chromium during vessel plating of large caliber smooth bore tubes has been developed. Temperature compensation is used to minimize apparent thickness changes that are due to temperature fluctuations during plating. Real-time displays of chromium thickness, plating rate, and temperature at six locations on the tube are available.... Ultrasonics, Thickness, Electroplating, Chromium.
On Increasing Signal Integrity with Minimal Decap Insertion in Area-Array SoC Floorplan Design (2007)

With technology further scaling into deep submicron era, power supply noise become an important problem. Power supply noise problem is getting worse due to serious IR-drop and simultaneous switching noise, and decoupling capacitance (decap) insertion is commonly applied to alleviate the noise. There exist some approaches to addressing this issue, but they suffer either from over-design problem or late decap insertion during design stage. In this paper, we propose a methodology to insert decap in a more efficient and effective way during early design stage in area-array designs. The experimental results are encouraging. Compared with other approaches in (Zhao et al., 2002) and (Yan et al., 2005), we have inserted enough decap to meet supply noise constraint while others employ more area.
Degradation of eugenol by a microorganism. (1977)

Degradation of eugenol as the sole carbon and energy source was studied with a newly isolated microorganism. Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid) and vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) were obtained as products. These are produced by oxidation and β-oxidation of the aromatic side-chain and metabolized further to form vanillic acid and protocatechuic acid. Protocatechuic acid was cleaved by “ortho” fission to form β-ketoadipate. From these results, the degradation pathway was proposed. The strain was tentatively identified as Corynebacterium sp. from the results of physiological and morphological tests.
Self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field (2015)

Nickel nanowires with a mean diameter of about 95 nm and lengths of up to 26 μm were prepared by a chemical reduction method in aqueous solution under an external magnetic field. The self-assembly mechanism was investigated in detail. The results indicate that the self-assembly process of Ni nanowires consists of three stages: nucleation and growth, ordered alignment and self-assembly, and deposition on the surface and gaps between the nickel particles. The self-assembly phenomenon occurs only when nickel particles grow to a size of about 60 nm in the reaction system. This critical size, which is proposed for the first time, is very important to comprehend the self-assembly mechanism of Ni nanowires prepared with an external magnetic field.
Contribution of ZnO to Charge-Transfer Induced Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Au/ZnO/PATP Assembly (2008)

The assembly of metal/semiconductor/molecule was fabricated with gold nanoparticles, ZnO, and 4-aminothiophenol (PATP) molecules through the layer-by-layer self-assembly method. Raman spectra of PATP adsorbed on Au/ZnO were considerably enhanced relative to those observed on Au particles alone. By examining the relative enhancement of the nontotally symmetric (b2) modes, this effect is shown to arise from a charge transfer (CT) contribution from the metal to molecule.
Optimal Real-Time Bidding for Display Advertising (2016)

In this paper we study bid optimisation for real-time bidding (RTB) based display advertising. RTB allows advertisers to bid on a display ad impression in real time when it is being generated. It goes beyond contextual advertising by motivating the bidding focused on user data and it is different from the sponsored search auction where the bid price is associated with keywords. For the demand side, a fundamental technical challenge is to automate the bidding process based on the budget, the campaign objective and various information gathered in runtime and in history. In this paper, the programmatic bidding is cast as a functional optimisation problem. Under certain dependency assumptions, we derive simple bidding functions that can be calculated in real time; our finding shows that the optimal bid has a non-linear relationship with the impression level evaluation such as the click-through rate and the conversion rate, which are estimated in real time from the impression level features. This is different from previous work that is mainly focused on a linear bidding function. Our mathematical derivation suggests that optimal bidding strategies should try to bid more impressions rather than focus on a small set of high valued impressions because according to the current RTB market data, compared to the higher evaluated impressions, the lower evaluated ones are more cost effective and the chances of winning them are relatively higher. Aside from the theoretical insights, offline experiments on a real dataset and online experiments on a production RTB system verify the effectiveness of our proposed optimal bidding strategies and the functional optimisation framework. © 2014 ACM.
Localizing Unordered Panoramic Images Using the Levenshtein Distance (2007)

This paper proposes a feature-based method for recovering the relative positions of the viewpoints of a set of panoramic images for which no a priori order information is available, along with certain structure information regarding the imaged environment. The proposed approach operates incrementally, employing the Levenshtein distance to deduce the spatial proximity of image viewpoints and thus determine the order in which images should be processed. The Levenshtein distance also provides matches between images, from which their underlying environment points can be recovered. Recovered points that are visible in multiple views permit the localization of more views which in turn allow the recovery of more points. The process repeats until all views have been localized. Periodic refinement of the reconstruction with the aid of bundle adjustment, distributes the reconstruction errors among images. The method is demonstrated on several unordered sets of panoramic images obtained in an indoor environment.
Comparison of <i>Mycoplasma bovis</i> Strains Based on SDS‐PAGE and Immunoblot Protein Patterns (1992)

Whole-cell protein patterns generated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) were compared for 34 isolates of Mycoplasma bovis. A high degree of similarity between most of the strains was established with strain-to-strain differences mainly confined to quantitative variations of certain protein bands, particularly in the molecular weight regions of 64-68, 55 and 26 kD. Two of the isolates provided more deviating patterns. Hydrophobic membrane protein fractions of the strains as prepared by Triton X-114 phase partitioning were compared by SDS-PAGE, which confirmed some of the characteristic strain features found with whole-cell proteins. The immunoblot analysis revealed that up to 20 of the 50-55 discrete protein bands detected in SDS-PAGE patterns were recognized to be antigenic by rabbit and bovine hyperimmune sera. It is concluded that the same set of major antigens is present in all strains investigated, but amounts of individual constituents may be differing.
PCFICH channel design for LTE using FPGA (2011)

Realization of transmitter and Receiver architecture for LTE is the major research work being carried out by implementation experts. There are four Control channels available in LTE for both uplink and downlink. The uplink control channel is PUCCH. The downlink control channels are PDCCH, PCFICH and PHICH. The Physical Control Format Indicator Channel(PCFICH) is one among the downlink physical control channel and it carries the number of OFDM symbols used by the PDCCH channel, denoted as Control Format Indicator(CFI). These control channels play a key role in the correct decoding of the payload information. The CFI is the first information received by the User and so is important for the system performance. In this paper, the realization of architecture for the PCFICH are done using FPGA, where the main aim is to estimate the CFI correctly in the receiver side. The simulations are done using Modelsim and are implemented in Xilinx Spartan 3E kit.
Beneficial Mutation–Selection Balance and the Effect of Linkage on Positive Selection (2007)

When beneficial mutations are rare, they accumulate by a series of selective sweeps. But when they are common, many beneficial mutations will occur before any can fix, so there will be many different mutant lineages in the population concurrently. In an asexual population, these different mutant lineages interfere and not all can fix simultaneously. In addition, further beneficial mutations can accumulate in mutant lineages while these are still a minority of the population. In this article, we analyze the dynamics of such multiple mutations and the interplay between multiple mutations and interference between clones. These result in substantial variation in fitness accumulating within a single asexual population. The amount of variation is determined by a balance between selection, which destroys variation, and beneficial mutations, which create more. The behavior depends in a subtle way on the population parameters: the population size, the beneficial mutation rate, and the distribution of the fitness increments of the potential beneficial mutations. The mutation-selection balance leads to a continually evolving population with a steady-state fitness variation. This variation increases logarithmically with both population size and mutation rate and sets the rate at which the population accumulates beneficial mutations, which thus also grows only logarithmically with population size and mutation rate. These results imply that mutator phenotypes are less effective in larger asexual populations. They also have consequences for the advantages (or disadvantages) of sex via the Fisher-Muller effect; these are discussed briefly.
Characteristics of Imitation Cheese Containing Native Starches (2001)

ABSTRACT Imitation cheeses containing 3% native maize, waxy‐maize, wheat, potato or rice starch were manufactured and the microstructure, meltability, texture and dynamic rheology of these products were compared to a control (0% starch). Fat globules in starch‐containing products (except potato) were smaller than in the control as evidenced by electron microscopy. All starches reduced meltability and cohesiveness of the imitation cheeses. Hardness was increased by wheat, potato or maize starch but reduced by waxy‐maize or rice starch. Starches significantly reduced tan 8 peaks compared to the control with potato starch having the greatest effect. Rice starch appears to have the most potential as a partial casein substitute in imitation cheese.
Total hip joint prosthesis for <i>in vivo</i> measurement of forces and moments (2009)

A new instrumented hip joint prosthesis was developed which allows the in vivo measurement of the complete contact loads in the joint, i.e. 3 force and 3 moment components. A clinically proven standard implant was modified. Inside the hollow neck, 6 semiconductor strain gauges are applied to measure the deformation of the neck. Also integrated are a small coil for the inductive power supply and a 9-channel telemetry transmitter. The neck cavity is closed by a titanium plate and hermetically sealed by electron beam welding. The sensor signals are pulse interval modulated (PIM) with a sampling rate of about 120 Hz. The pulses are transmitted at radio frequencies via a small antenna loop inside the ceramic head, which is connected to the electronic circuit by a two-pin feedthrough. Inductive power supply, calculation of the loads from the measured deformations and real time load display are carried out by the external equipment. The maximum error of the load components is 2% including crosstalk.
Manifold effects of sodium butyrate on nuclear function. Selective and reversible inhibition of phosphorylation of histones H1 and H2A and impaired methylation of lysine and arginine residues in nuclear protein fractions. (1981)

In addition to its known effect in suppressing the deacetylation of the nucleosomal core histones, sodium butyrate in the concentration range 0.5 to 15 mM causes a selective inhibition of [32P]phosphate incorporation into histones H1 and H2A of cultured HeLa S3 cells. No commensurate general inhibition of phosphorylation is seen in the non-histone nuclear proteins of butyrate-treated cells, but phosphorylation patterns are altered and 32P-uptake may be stimulated, as well as inhibited, depending upon the protein fraction analyzed. The degree of inhibition of histone phosphorylation in intact cells increases progressively as the butyrate concentration is raised from 0.5 to 15 mM. The effect is time-dependent and fully reversible. Butyrate has no effect on the kinetics of phosphate release from previously phosphorylated histones of cultured cells, nor does it significantly alter the rate of dephosphorylation of 32P-labeled histone H1 by endogenous phosphatases in vitro. Despite the suppression of [32P]phosphate incorporation into histones H1 and H2A of butyrate-treated cells, Na-butyrate does not inhibit the in vitro activities of either type I or type II cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases, or the cAMP-independent H1 kinase associated with cell cycle progression. This suggests that the butyrate effect on histone phosphorylation in vivo is indirect and may involve an alteration in substrate accessibility or a modulation of systems affecting kinase activities. The poly(ADP)-ribosylation of HeLa histones is not inhibited by 5 mM Na-butyrate. Cells exposed to butyrate show an impaired methylation of lysine and arginine residues in their histones and nuclear hnRNP particles, respectively.
Real-time detection and tracking of a moving object using a complex programmable logic device (1998)

This paper presents the design of an active surveillance system consisting of an intelligent controller and two video cameras (one with a fixed wide field of view and the other with a narrow moveable field of view). The controller, which is implemented within a single Altera FLEX 10 K device, combines the functions of image capture and display, motion detection, background image update and control of the moveable camera. Correct functionality of the controller chip has been verified by simulation.
Inverted thin-film transistors with a simple self-aligned lightly doped drain structure (1992)

The I-V characteristics of inverted thin-film transistors (TFT) are studied. A simple lightly doped drain (LDD) structure is utilized to control the channel electric field at the drain junction and to improve the performance of the TFTs. The LDD region is self-aligned to the channel and the source/drain regions. It is created by a spacer around an oxide mask which exclusively defines the channel length L/sub ch/. Experimental data show that the leakage current, subthreshold swing SS, saturation current, and on/off current ratio of the inverted TFTs are closed related to L/sub ch/, L/sub LDD/, the drain bias, gate voltage, and LDD dose. With a gate deposited at low temperature, a saturation current of approximately 1.25 mu A at 5 V and a leakage current of approximately 0.03 pA per micrometer of channel width were achieved. The current ratio therefore exceeds seven orders of magnitude, with an SS of 380 mV/decade. At 3.3 V, the current ratio is approximately 7*10/sup 6/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transcranial color Doppler sonography of basal cerebral arteries in 182 healthy subjects: age and sex variability and normal reference values for blood flow parameters. (1999)

Flow velocities in basal cerebral arteries range widely and are significantly age dependent. Age and sex matching of Doppler sonographic data is a prerequisite for clinically valuable conclusions.
Virgin Olive Oil Volatile Compounds from Lipoxygenase Pathway and Characterization of Some Italian Cultivars (1999)

Fruits from seven different varieties of Olea europaea L., grown in the same environmental conditions, were harvested in two succeeding years at the same ripening degree and immediately processed. The oils obtained were submitted to gas chromatographic determination of the volatile compounds extracted by dynamic headspace technique. The results demonstrated that the accumulation of the different metabolites in the oils obtained from the various cultivars were strictly connected with the varietal parameter because of the enzyme differences genetically determined. This feature made possible the differentiation of the examined cultivars on the basis of the percent of each metabolite from the enzymatic transformation of 13-hydroperoxides of linolenic acid. Oils from Picual and Koroneiki varieties cultivated in Spain and Greece, respectively, showed contents of volatiles very similar to those detected in the oils of the same varieties cultivated in Italy, proving that they were not significantly influenced by the environmental conditions.