gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Examining the Roles of Political Social Network and Internal Efficacy on Social Media News Engagement: A Comparative Study of Six Asian Countries (2018)

The use of social media has risen exponentially in Asia in the past decade, but there have been few comparative studies examining social media news engagement in the region. We use online survey data to examine the relationships among political social networks, internal political efficacy, and social media news engagement in six countries (Taiwan, Japan, Korea, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore). Findings across the samples showed that individuals in political social networks comprising cross-cutting and like-minded political views engage in social media news more, and internal political efficacy accentuated the relationships between cross-cutting/like-minded political social networks and engagement. Implications for the findings are discussed in relation to current debates on the potential for social media news engagement to engender a more deliberative democracy; or lead to greater ideological segregation and echo chambers in social media spaces.
Equivalent annular model of a multitubular shell‐side (MSS) fixed‐bed reactor (1991)

Abstract For a multitube catalytic reactor in which catalyst occupies the shell side of the cooling tubes, a two‐dimensional model is developed to determine the nonuniform radial distribution of the temperature and concentration. The cross‐section of the fixed bed is divided into a number of equivalent portions proportional to the number of cooling tubes. Each portion is approximated by either an equivalent annular fixed bed or a transformed circular fixed bed in the complex plane. Enthalpy and mass balances are performed on the equivalent annular fixed bed while the radially varying flow distribution and the transport properties are considered in a transformed circular fixed bed. A correlation is developed for the equivalent annular model based on the relationship of the two different approximations. The model can also account for variations in radial porosity, radial velocity, and transport properties.
Patterning of poly-para-xylylenes by reactive ion etching (1983)

Poly-para-xylylene family thin films deposited by vapor phase polymerization are pin hole free and are chemically inert to most acids, alkalies, and organic solvents. These properties make this material very attractive as a passivation agent on top of devices. This paper discusses the patterning of such films on planar structures by various masking techniques and the reactive ion etching (RIE) of the poly(monochloro-p-xylylene) in an oxygen-containing plasma, including details like etch rates, control of edge profiles (vertical or tapered), and the process parameters to achieve patterns of 1.5 μm wide and below.
On the use of chip-level differential encoding for the uplink of MC-CDMA systems (2002)

The combination of multicarrier (MC) modulation and code division multiple access (CDMA) is seen as a very promising technique for the development of high capacity wireless communications. However, while downlink design is possible even with coherent detection techniques, a similar solution for the uplink appears to be difficult. In fading channels, the performance of coherent schemes depends strongly on the accuracy of the channel estimation, as well as the adopted equalization techniques. We consider a novel encoding/detection technique involving chip-level differential encoding, which has been suggested in a paper by Cavallini, Giannetti, Luise and Reggianini (see IEEE Trans. on Commun., vol.45, no.4, p.456-63, 1997), although in a different framework. We compare the performance of this scheme with that of symbol-level differential encoding and coherent PSK.
How neutral networks influence evolvability (2001)

Abstract Evolutionary algorithms apply the process of variation, reproduction, and selection to look for an individual capable of solving the task at hand. In order to improve the evolvability of a population we propose to copy important characteristics of nature's search space. Desired characteristics for a genotype–phenotype mapping are described and several highly redundant genotype–phenotype mappings are analyzed in the context of a population‐based search. We show that evolvability, defined as the ability of random variations to sometimes produce improvement, is influenced by the existence of neutral networks in genotype space. Redundant mappings allow the population to spread along the network of neutral mutations and the population is quickly able to recover after a change has occurred. The extent of the neutral networks affects the interconnectivity of the search space and thereby affects evolvability. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ubiquitinated Sperm Mitochondria, Selective Proteolysis, and the Regulation of Mitochondrial Inheritance in Mammalian Embryos1 (2000)

The strictly maternal inheritance of mitochondria and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in mammals is a developmental paradox promoted by an unknown mechanism responsible for the destruction of the sperm mitochondria shortly after fertilization. We have recently reported that the sperm mitochondria are ubiquitinated inside the oocyte cytoplasm and later subjected to proteolysis during preimplantation development (P. Sutovsky et al., Nature 1999; 402:371-372). Here, we provide further evidence for this process by showing that the proteolytic destruction of bull sperm mitochondria inside cow egg cytoplasm depends upon the activity of the universal proteolytic marker, ubiquitin, and the lysosomal apparatus of the egg. Binding of ubiquitin to sperm mitochondria was visualized by monospecific antibodies throughout pronuclear development and during the first embryonic divisions. The recognition and disposal of the ubiquitinated sperm mitochondria was prevented by the microinjection of anti-ubiquitin antibodies and by the treatment of the fertilized zygotes with lysosomotropic agent ammonium chloride. The postfecundal ubiquitination of sperm mitochondria and their destruction was not seen in the hybrid embryos created using cow eggs and sperm of wild cattle, gaur, thus supporting the hypothesis that sperm mitochondrion destruction is species specific. The initial ligation of ubiquitin molecules to sperm mitochondrial membrane proteins, one of which could be prohibitin, occurs during spermatogenesis. Even though the ubiquitin cross-reactivity was transiently lost from the sperm mitochondria during epididymal passage, likely as a result of disulfide bond cross-linking, it was restored and amplified after fertilization. Ubiquitination therefore may represent a mechanism for the elimination of paternal mitochondria during fertilization. Our data have important implications for anthropology, treatment of mitochondrial disorders, and for the new methods of assisted procreation, such as cloning, oocyte cytoplasm donation, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection.
Studies on Functional Bacteria of Indonesian Tropical Forest Plants for Biorehabilitation of Degraded Lands (2008)

Forest degradations have left vast amount of damaged and abandoned lands in Indonesia. In this paper, we present our approaches in rehabilitation of adverse soils using functional bacteria isolated from plant species of Indonesian tropical rain forests. For these purposes, we collected bacteria from various bio-geo-climatically different forests and conducted bioassays to test these bacterial abilities in improving plant growth. Repeated seedling-based studies on Shorea spp., Alstonia scholaris, Acacia crassicarpa, and Agathis lorantifolia have revealed that many bacteria were able to promote plant growth at early stage in the nursery. Various plant responses towards inoculations suggested that although forest soils maintain highly diverse and potent bacteria, it is necessary to select appropriate approaches to obtain optimum benefits from these plant-bacteria interactions. Our ideas and futures studies for further management of these plant- bacteria interactions for biorehabilitation are also discussed.
An approach for knowledge-aided-design (KAD) of microwave circuits using artificial neural networks (2002)

This paper points out that appropriately trained artificial neural networks can be used to develop knowledge-aided-design (KAD) modules for RF and microwave design. The approach is illustrated by examples of the reflection type and the loaded line type phase shifters. It also is applicable to other types of circuits and subsystems. KAD modules were developed and verified by using available microwave CAD software.
A Novel Electrochemical Heparin Sensor (1993)

Heparin is one of the most important clinical drugs, and is employed universally during surgical procedures and extra-corporeal therapies to prevent blood from clotting. Its clinical use, however, is often associated with serious hemorrhagic complications. Because of this life threatening bleeding risk, there is a need for a simple sensing device that can rapidly and directly monitor heparin levels during extracor-poreal therapies to provide a safeguard during these procedures. Current heparin assays are all based on the measurement of blood clotting time, and none of them are suitable for direct and rapid determination of heparin. We describe applying conventional ion selective electrode (ISE) polymer membrane technology and using a specially formulated membrane doped with tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMAC) as the heparin complexing agent, to devise the first electrochemical sensor for heparin measurement. The sensor is capable of detecting directly and rather selectively the free heparin concentrations in both physiologic saline and undiluted plasma samples. In addition, the clinical utility of the sensor has been demonstrated by monitoring the levels of heparin in undiluted whole blood specimens obtained from patients undergoing open heart operations. It is envisioned that the sensor could be configured as an in-line device within extracorporeal blood loops to monitor current extracorporeal therapy, or as a convenient single use disposable device for rapid bedside or laboratory measurements of heparin in small discrete samples of undiluted whole blood. Preliminary studies concerning the feasibility of designing a mass fabricated, solid state, disposable heparin sensor also have been conducted.
Probability Failure Modeling of Woven Fiber Networks (1995)

A probability model is developed to describe the failure of a biaxially loaded woven fiber network. The system under consideration consists of fibers arranged in a mutually orthogonal, simple weave pattern. The primary goal is to estimate the cumulative distribution function for failure of the network as a function of the fiber properties and the failure mechanism. The two-dimensional load sharing model is applicable to systems consisting of different fibers and various biaxial loading conditions. An al gorithm that explicitly computes the distribution function is developed and evaluated numerically. Results are qualitatively consistent with other lattice models.
Protective Effect of Bioactivity Guided Fractions of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. Root Bark against Hepatic Injury and Chronic Inflammation via Inhibiting Inflammatory Markers and Oxidative Stress (2016)

The tribal communities of North Eastern India rely on herbal medicine to cure various disease conditions. Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (Rhamnaceae) is one of such medicinal plants used for curing liver ailments, insomnia, anemia, diarrhea, diabetic complications, cancer, and loss of appetite. The present study was aimed to describe the protective ability of Z. jujuba root bark (ZJRB) against hepatic injury and chronic inflammation. Bioactivity guided fractionation of Z. jujuba methanol extract (ZJME) was performed using different solvents of increasing polarity viz. hexane (ZJHF), chloroform (ZJCF), ethyl acetate (ZJEAF), water (ZJWF), and residue (ZJMR). In vitro antioxidant results revealed that both ZJME and ZJWF possess strong antioxidant activity among all the fractions and mother extract tested. Further, ZJME and ZJWF showed significant protection against CCl4 intoxicated HepG2 cell lines by means of increased cell viability and decreased LDH levels compared to control group. ZJME at 200, 400 mg/kg and ZJWF at 50, 100 mg/kg inhibited the lipid peroxidation and significantly restored the liver function markers (AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, SOD, and CAT) and cytokine levels (TNF-α, Il-1β, and Il-10) in CCl4 induced acute liver damage in rats. All the results were comparable with standard drug silymarin which was further confirmed by histopathology analysis of liver. Similarly, inflammation and increase inflammatory cytokines levels of carrageenan induced paw edema in rats have been refurbished to normal levels on par with the standard drug indomethacin. ZJWF demonstrated potent response than ZJME in all the biological tests conducted. The results of the study signify the ability of ZJRB as good therapeutic agent for liver toxicity and chronic inflammation.
Plasma Free Fatty Acids and the Rare-Earth Fatty Liver. (1961)

1. Cerium (2 mg/kg) causes an early decrease in serum glucose and a later significant increase in plasma free fatty acids followed by fatty degeneration of the liver. 2. Conditions that prevent the free fatty acid and fatty liver responses are (a) administration of the cerium as a bound complex or particle, and (b) use of hypophysec-tomized, diabetic, or male rats.
Optimization of quantitative polymerase chain reactions for detection and quantification of eight periodontal bacterial pathogens (2012)

In conclusion, the proposed assays allow to quantify the bacterial loads of S. mutans, 6 periodontal pathogenic species and the genus Fusobacterium.This can be of use in assessing periodontal risk, determination of the optimal periodontal therapy and evaluation of this treatment.
Nitric oxide inhibitory activity of monogalactosylmonoacylglycerols from a freshwater microalgae<i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> (2012)

Chemical investigation of the freshwater microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana led to the isolation of a new monogalactosylmonoacylglycerol, namely, (2S)-1-O-(7Z,10Z-hexadecadienoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol (1) together with a known glycolipid (2S)-1-O-(7Z,10Z,13Z-hexadecatrienoyl)-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosylglycerol (2). Both monogalactosylmonoacylglycerols showed dose-dependent nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activity against lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells suggesting their possible use as anti-inflammatory agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reactions of a Nitroso Compound Derived from D‐ Bornane‐10,2‐sultam. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Competition Binding Experiments for Rapidly Ranking Lead Molecules for their Binding Affinity to Human Serum Albumin (2002)

Many lead molecules that have high affinity for a therapeutic target in vitro exhibit a reduced efficacy in vivo. Drug binding to human serum albumin is a major contributor to this reduction in potency, and many drug discovery programs expand significant resources preparing compounds that have decreased albumin binding. As rational and structure-based approaches have already been demonstrated to design compounds that have reduced affinity for albumin, the ability to rapidly and accurately assess protein binding will be valuable in lead optimization. This review will summarize some of the NMR-based efforts towards developing universal, rapid, accurate, and site-specific assays for estimating protein binding.
Hybrid modeling for testing intelligent software for lunar-Mars closed life support (1999)

Hybrid models are used for evaluation of intelligent control systems for processing plants. Four types of model are used. Model types are integrated in CONFIG modeling and simulation tools. The intelligent software is tested for control of product gas transfer in Lunar-Mars Life Support Test. Discrete and continuous control in intelligent management of processing plants is used to manage a system where processors convert resources to products. The hybrid modeling approach and modeling environment supported the demands of the validation test. Simulation-based testing found problems with software and requirements that would be difficult to detect in more conventional testing, especially system-wide interactions. Multiple model types will be needed for engineering and operating autonomous production plants on Mars.
Electronic Dispersion Compensation of 40-Gb/s Multimode Fiber Links Using IIR Equalization (2007)

Simulations demonstrate a 3rd order IIR equalizer compensates for modal dispersion in over 90% of the 5% worst-case 50-m multimode fiber links at 40Gbps with less than 2.5dB ISI penalty and 0.15 UI of jitter.
An assessment of acid-base balance and activity of lysosomal enzymes: mannosidase, b-galactosidase and b-glucosidase in CSF and arterial blood in early and later phases of the clinical course of cerebral contusion. (1985)

Results of the examination of the acid-base balance and the concentration of enzymes - mannosidase, b-galactosidase and b-glucosidase in 61 patients with cerebral contusion are presented. Examination was carried out on an average 11, 15 and 39 days after injury in groups of patients characterised by various clinical states. Examination showed that, in contradistinction to the acid-base balance, enzymal changes in CSF are less evident than in blood. On the base of the results presented it would appear that the level of b-glucosidase in CSF changes in accordance with the level in the blood whereas the other enzymes show a certain autonomy of the CSF in this field.
Immunoglobulin Binding Properties of the Prosorba Immunadsorption Column in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2001)

Studies of the humoral effects of the Prosorba column were conducted in conjunction with the Phase 3 trial of Prosorba versus sham therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). When perfused with normal human plasma in vitro, Prosorba bound predominantly IgG with a maximal capacity of approximately 462 g of Ig per Prosorba column, equal to about 1.5% of circulating IgG. Prosorba treatment did not alter the concentrations of albumin, IgG, IgM, and IgA in 3 RA patients, except for a small dilutional effect. Kinetic studies demonstrated that Prosorba removed IgG > IgM, IgA, and IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) during the initial moments of apheresis and almost exclusively IgM RF after 15 min. No net protein removal occurred at > or = 60 min. Mean values of circulating immune complexes (CICs) were not significantly decreased by 12 weekly treatments. Complement was activated by the apheresis system upstream of the Prosorba column without changing C3 or C4 levels. We conclude that the Prosorba mechanism of action in RA is not bulk removal of Ig, but might involve modification of the CIC repertoire and could include, but not be limited to, effects related to complement activation.
Erythropoietin (EPO) has no direct effect on tumor growth or angiogenesis in animal models (2004)

9530
Interleukin 2 regulates Raf-1 kinase activity through a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent mechanism in a T-cell line. (1993)

Previously we found that interleukin 2 (IL-2) induces tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the serine/threonine-specific kinase encoded by the raf-1 protooncogene in a T-cell line, CTLL-2. Here we extended these findings by exploring the effects of selective removal of phosphate from tyrosines in p72-74-Raf-1 kinase that had been immunoprecipitated from IL-2-stimulated CTLL-2 cells. Treatment in vitro of IL-2-activated Raf-1 with the tyrosine-specific phosphatases CD45 and TCPTP (formerly called T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase) reduced Raf kinase activity to nearly baseline levels. This effect was completely inhibited by the phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. In contrast, treatment of Raf-1 with a serine/threonine-specific phosphatase, protein phosphatase 1 (PP-1), resulted in a more modest decrease in Raf in vitro kinase activity, and this effect was prevented by okadaic acid. Two-dimensional phosphoamino acid analysis confirmed the selective removal of phosphate from tyrosine by CD45 and from serine and threonine by PP-1. The immunoreactivity of p72-74-Raf-1 with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies was also completely abolished by treatment with CD45 in the absence but not in the presence of sodium orthovanadate. These findings provide evidence that the IL-2-stimulated phosphorylation of Raf-1 on tyrosines plays an important role in upregulating the activity of this serine/threonine-specific kinase in CTLL-2 cells and, as such, provides a model system for studying the transfer of growth factor-initiated signals from protein tyrosine kinases to serine/threonine-specific kinases.
Chemotherapy as definitive treatment of stage I‐II large cell and diffuse mixed lymphomas (1985)

Combination chemotherapy with adriamycin-containing regimens is effective in the management of advanced lymphomas. In view of this, we treated 43 patients with clinical stage I-II large cell or diffuse mixed lymphoma with chemotherapy. Routine staging laparotomies were not done and radiotherapy was not used in these patients. The CR rate for the combined stage I-II presentations is 90%. Of 11 patients with stage I presentations, only one has relapsed (at 64 months), and he expired 11 months after the recurrence. Of the 28 patients with stage II presentations who achieved a CR, seven have relapsed but three of these have achieved a second CR and remain in remission. Late relapses were common in this group of stage I-II presentations. Four of eight relapses occurring in patients who achieved disease-free status took place greater than 24 months after initiation of therapy. Chemotherapy alone appears to be adequate for treatment of stage I large cell lymphoma, although larger numbers of patients might be required to definitely make this conclusion. Close to 2/3 of patients with stage II presentations appear to have been cured with the use of chemotherapy alone. The failures occurred mostly in those with bulky disease. It is possible that radiotherapy given after chemotherapy could consolidate these bulky areas of disease and thus prevent local relapses.
Dual inhibition of tumor energy pathway by 2-deoxyglucose and metformin is effective against a broad spectrum of preclinical cancer models (2011)

Tumor cell proliferation requires both growth signals and sufficient cellular bioenergetics.The AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) pathway appears dominant over the oncogenic signaling pathway suppressing cell proliferation. This study investigated the preclinical efficacy of targeting the tumor bioenergetic pathway using a glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxy glucose (2DG) and AMPK agonists, AICAR and metformin. We evaluated the in vitro anti-tumor activity of 2DG, metformin or AICAR alone, and 2DG in combination either with metformin or AICAR. We examined in vivo efficacy using xenograft mouse models. 2DG alone was not sufficient to promote tumor cell death, reflecting the limited efficacy demonstrated in clinical trials. A combined use of 2DG and AICAR also failed to induce cell death. However, 2DG and metformin led to significant cell death associated with decrease in cellular ATP, prolonged activation of AMPK, and sustained autophagy. Gene expression analysis and functional assays revealed that the selective AMPK agonist AICAR augments mitochondrial energy transduction (OXPHOS) while metformin compromises OXPHOS. Importantly, forced energy restoration with methylpyruvate reversed the cell death induced by 2DG and metformin, suggesting a critical role of energetic deprivation in the underlying mechanism of cell death. The combination of 2DG and metformin inhibited tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Deprivation of tumor bioenergetics by dual inhibition of energy pathways might be an effective novel therapeutic approach for a broad spectrum of human tumors.