gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ubiquitin-mediated regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (1997)

Regulation of the sterol-synthesizing mevalonate pathway occurs in part through feedback-regulated endoplasmic reticulum degradation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-R). In yeast, the Hmg2p isozyme of HMG-R is regulated in this manner. We have tested the involvement of ubiquitination in the regulated degradation of Hmg2p, by using both genetic and direct biochemical approaches. Hmg2p degradation required the UBC7 gene, and Hmg2p protein was directly ubiquitinated. Hmg2p ubiquitination was dependent on UBC7 and was specific for the degraded yeast Hmg2p isozyme. Furthermore, Hmg2p ubiquitination was regulated by the mevalonate pathway in a manner consistent with regulation of Hmg2p stability. Thus, regulated ubiquitination appeared to be the mechanism by which Hmg2p stability is controlled in yeast. Finally, our data indicated that the feedback signal controlling Hmg2p ubiquitination and degradation was derived from farnesyl diphosphate, and thus implied conservation of an HMG-R degradation signal between yeast and mammals.
Microbial Metabolism Studies of Cyanthiwigin B and Synergetic Antibiotic Effects (2006)

Microbial transformation studies of the marine diterpene cyanthiwigin B (1), isolated from the Jamaican sponge Myrmekioderma styx, were accomplished. Two actinomycete cultures, Streptomyces NRRL 5690 and Streptomyces spheroides, significantly metabolized cyanthiwigin B to new metabolites. Streptomyces NRRL 5690 transformed cyanthiwigin B to three new compounds, cyanthiwigins AE (2), AF (3), and AG (4), and the known cyanthiwigin R (5). S. spheroides transformed cyanthiwigin B to cyanthiwigins S (6), E (7), and AE (2). All microbial-metabolized derivatives (2-7) of cyanthiwigin B exhibited the ability to increase the antimicrobial activity of curcuphenol, the major antimicrobial sesquiterpene isolated from M. styx.
Leydig Cell Hyperplasia in an ENU-induced Mutant Mouse with Germ Cell Depletion (2008)

Repro22 is an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced mutation in mice showing depletion of both male and female germ cells. In the present study, we investigated the male phenotypes of the mutant mouse at the adult stage. The repro22/repro22 homozygous mice showed reduced body weights as well as markedly reduced testis weights. Histological examination of the testes at 4 and 10 months of age showed no germ cells in the seminiferous tubules of the affected testis while a number of Sertoli cells were observed in the tubules. In addition to the germ cell depletion, the testes of the affected mouse contained expanded intertubular spaces that were filled by Leydig cell-like interstitial cells. These interstitial cells were confirmed to be Leydig cells by immunohistochmical staining using anti-3beta-HSD antibody. The estimated number of Leydig cells in the affected testes at 10 months of age increased approximately 2 fold compared with those of normal testes. Furthermore, the plasma testosterone levels of the affected mice at 10 months of age were significantly higher than those of the normal mice. These findings indicated that the repro22/repro22 mouse developed hyperplasia of Leydig cells that was presumably caused by the absence of germ cells in the seminiferous tubules.
Microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis from lanosterol. Characterization, solubilization, and partial purification of NADPH-dependent delta 8,14-steroid 14-reductase. (1984)

The membrane-bound enzyme of microsomes that catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of the 14-double bond of conjugated delta 8,14- and delta 7,14-sterols has been studied both as collected in microsomes from broken cell preparations of rat liver and after solubilization. Optimal incubation conditions for assay of the membrane-bound enzyme have been determined, and properties of the microsomal enzyme have been established with respect to cofactor requirements, kinetics, pH, addition of inhibitors, addition of glycerol phosphatides, and sterol substrate specificity. The 14-reductase is readily solubilized with a mixture of octylglucoside and taurodeoxycholic acid. The solubilized enzyme has been enriched by precipitation with polyethylene glycol and chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel and hydroxylapatite columns. The resulting partially purified enzyme has been obtained free of other microsomal enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis: 4-methyl sterol oxidase, delta 5,7-sterol 7-reductase, delta 8,24-sterol 24-reductase, 3-ketosteroid reductase, and steroid 8----7-ene isomerase, plus microsomal cytochrome P-450, cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochrome b5 reductase, and cytochrome b5. The partially purified enzyme is stimulated by addition of phospholipids. All of the properties exhibited by partially purified 14-reductase are consistent with the suggestion that the solubilized and enriched enzyme catalyzes the microsomal reduction of the 14-double bond of the sterol-conjugated dienes. However, presence of the enzyme does not prove that the sterol-conjugated dienes are obligatory precursors of cholesterol.
Defect inspection and repair performance on CPL masks for 90- and 65-nm node line patterns (2004)

Chrome-less Phase Lithography (CPL) technology is introduced as one of the key Resolution Enhancement Technologies for the application of 90 and 65nm node logic gate layer. From the view point of mask manufacturing, one of the strong points is that it doesn’t require complicated data division process into two complementary patterns, such as for double exposure AAPSM technology, and is possible to prepare the data by extension of EAPSM design technology. Another is the point of having a good wafer printing performance which is not inferior to AAPSM by giving the optimum exposure condition for a pattern. Although the optimization of OPC tuning is required, if a perfect mask manufacturing process is developed, it will be considered very feasible RET technology. While a mask process is important, establishment of inspection and repair technology is also very important. We have designed and fabricated a CPL defect test mask which has 90nm and 65nm technology nodes Line patterns for ArF lithography. By using this defect test mask, we will report defect detectability which was evaluated by several inspection systems. And also we will show the defect printability results by Zeiss MSM193 simulation microscope to confirm how the defect will affect to printing results. We also show repair performance of RAVE Nano-machining technology with the confirmation of printability by AIMS tool. Finally, we will discuss about when and how many inspections will be required in the CPL mask process.
Hepatitis E and hepatitis C virus infections among French soldiers with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis (1993)

Serologic markers of HCV and HEV were investigated in 74 French soldiers with non-A, non-B hepatitis and in 18 patients involved in an outbreak of non-A,non-B hepatitis in Algeria. Moreover, anti-HCV antibodies were detected in 13 patients with non-A,non-B hepatitis of parenteral origin. HEV antibodies were investigated in 61-65% of patients involved in the 2 enterically transmitted outbreaks of non-A,non-B hepatitis observed in Algeria and Chad. The third cluster of non-A,non-B hepatitis observed in French soldiers serving in French Guyana is more likely to be attributed to malaria prophylactic treatment with Amodiaquine than to a viral origin. HCV infection was observed in 93% of acute or chronic cases associated with blood transfusion or parenteral drug abuse. Among acute cases, none of the soldiers who contracted the disease in Africa or in French Guyana was found to be anti-HCV positive compared to 78% of those who contracted the disease in France. HCV infections resulted in chronic hepatitis in 61% of cases.
Biosynthesis of LL-D253? in Phoma pigmentivora. Incorporation of 13C, 2H, and 18O enriched precursors (1984)

The incorporation of 13C, 2H, and 18O labelled acetates and 18O2 gas into LL-D253α(1), a chromanone metabolite of Phoma pigmentivora, and analyses of the enriched metabolites by 13C and 2H n.m.r. and mass spectroscopy indicate its formation from two preformed polyketide chains; evidence for the mechanism of formation of the chromanone ring is presented, and a cyclopropyl intermediate is proposed to account to account for the unique randomisation of label observed in the hydroxyethyl side chain.
CCCXLII.—The hydrolysis of platinum salts. Part II. Potassium platinibromide (1922)

E. H. Archibald and W. A. Gale, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1922, 121, 2849 DOI: 10.1039/CT9222102849
Nondestructive Examination (NDE) Detection and Characterization of Degradation Precursors, Technical Progress Report for FY 2012 (2012)

The overall objective of this project was to investigate the effectiveness of nondestructive examination (NDE) technology in detecting material degradation precursors by initiating and growing cracks in selected materials and using NDE methods to measure crack precursors prior to the onset of cracking. Nuclear reactor components are subject to stresses over time that are not precisely known and that make the life expectancy of components difficult to determine. To prevent future issues with the operation of these plants because of unforeseen failure of components, NDE technology is needed that can be used to identify and quantify precursors to macroscopic degradation of materials. Some of the NDE methods being researched as possible solutions to the precursor detection problem are magnetic Barkhausen noise, nonlinear ultrasonics, acoustic emission, eddy current measurements, and guided wave technology. In FY12, the objective was to complete preliminary assessment of advanced NDE techniques for sensitivity to degradation precursors, using prototypical degradation mechanisms in laboratory-scale measurements. This present document reports on the deliverable that meets the following milestone: M3LW-12OR0402143 – Report detailing an initial demonstration on samples from the crack-initiation tests will be provided (demonstrating acceleration of the work).
Recording polarization holograms in films of a polycomplex of azobenzene with cobalt (2008)

This paper discusses the possibility of recording holograms in films of a 4-methacroyloxy-(4′-carboxy-3′-hydroxy)-2-chloroazobenzene polycomplex with cobalt with parallel and orthogonal orientations of the polarization of the light rays. It is shown that these films can be used as recording media for polarization holography. Greater storage time of holograms that use parallel polarization of the recording light rays by comparison with orthogonal polarization is associated with the features of structural reconstruction of the polymeric matrix. It is assumed that the informational characteristics of the recording media studied here can be controlled by both electric and magnetic external fields, because magnetic metal ions are present in the polymeric films.
High Performance Molybdenum Disulfide Amorphous Silicon Heterojunction Photodetector (2013)

One important use of layered semiconductors such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) could be in making novel heterojunction devices leading to functionalities unachievable using conventional semiconductors. Here we demonstrate a metal-semiconductor-metal heterojunction photodetector, made of MoS2 and amorphous silicon (a-Si), with rise and fall times of about 0.3 ms. The transient response does not show persistent (residual) photoconductivity, unlike conventional a-Si devices where it may last 3-5 ms, thus making this heterojunction roughly 10X faster. A photoresponsivity of 210 mA/W is measured at green light, the wavelength used in commercial imaging systems, which is 2-4X larger than that of a-Si and best reported MoS2 devices. The device could find applications in large area electronics, such as biomedical imaging, where a fast response is critical.
Enhance Communication between Parents and Mature Children by Sharing Medication Information (2012)

Aging in place is a sustainable strategy for aging societies all over the world, although there are still various issues to be resolved. One of those issues, the isolation of the elderly, is expected to be tackled by technology. We identify three concepts for designing systems to assist the elderly in communicating with their families: provide trigger for communication, provide control of communication, and effortless communication. We develop the e-Home system on the three concepts. e-Home is a communication system that includes home monitoring; it offers shared sticky notes and video-telephony for communication media while monitoring medication compliance. We conduct a two-month field study of four households, studying e-Home use and its impact on the subjects' communication habits. The results show enhanced communication in all households.
Regulation of Hepatic Drug Metabolism: Role of the Nuclear Receptors PXR and CAR (2002)

Recent advances in the molecular biology of nuclear receptors have revealed that the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) are able to act as sensors for lipophilic xenobiotics, including therapeutic drugs. These receptors in turn regulate enzymes and transporters involved in drug metabolism and disposition in an adaptive fashion. An unexpected finding was that the PXR was able to recognize bile acids; transgenic animals lacking this receptor are at increased risk of bile acid-induced liver injury. These findings provide new insights into hepatic drug metabolism as well as mechanisms regulating cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis.
Role of Known Molecular Markers of Resistance in the Antimalarial Potency of Piperaquine and Dihydroartemisinin In Vitro (2009)

Using a range of laboratory-adapted and genetically modified Plasmodium falciparum parasite isolates, we investigated the interaction between dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine (PIP), the individual components of an artemisinin combination therapy currently under development, in addition to the role of known drug resistance genes in parasite susceptibility in vitro. All but one parasite line investigated displayed an interaction of dihydroartemisinin and PIP that was antagonistic, although the degree of antagonism was isolate dependent. In terms of resistance markers, the pfcrt haplotypes CVIET and SVMNT were positively associated with reduced sensitivity to PIP, with parasites carrying the South American CQR (SVMNT) allele being generally less sensitive than CVIET parasites. Parasites carrying the CQS (CVMNK) allele displayed a further increase in PIP sensitivity compared with CVIET and SVMNT parasites. Our data indicate that PIP sensitivity was not affected by pfmdr1 sequence status, despite positive correlations between the structurally related compound amodiaquine and pfmdr1 mutations in other studies. In contrast, neither the pfcrt nor pfmdr1 sequence status had any significant impact on susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin.
Impact of the origin of gelatins on their intrinsic properties (2012)

Gelatins with differences in biological origin (bovine, porcine, fish and poultry) and Bloom strength (from 100 to 270 °Bloom) were studied to investigate their characteristics in accordance with their intrinsic properties. Statistical differences were found in most of the parameters evaluated (°Bloom, intrinsic viscosity [η], pH, isoelectric point [IEP], and specific charge quantity). The [η] indicated hydrodynamic volume degree of the macromolecules at dilute concentrations of gelatin. Meanwhile, the gel strength was dependent on the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. °Bloom and intrinsic viscosity showed very poor correlation (R2 < 0.4). Samples with similar °bloom showed very different intrinsic viscosities. The acid-extracted gelatins exhibited high specific charge quantity (> 0.15 meq/g) and IEP (8.0) compared to the bovine alkali extracted sample (< 0.04 meq/g). Electro kinetic characteristics of gelatine molecules appeared to obey the differences due to extraction method during manufacture rather than source.
ChemInform Abstract: INVERTIERTE REAKTIVITAET VON ARYLLITHIUM‐DERIVATEN 1. MITT. EINFACHE SYNTH. VON NITROTHIOPHENEN (1973)

Abstract Die Thienyllithiumverbindung (I) reagiert mit dem Jodosodichlorid (II) zum Jodoniumsalz (III), das mit NaNOz das Nitrothiophen (IV) liefert.
Neighboring Group Reactions. IX. Some Cyclic Imidates and Related Lactones with Functional Substituents (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeighboring Group Reactions. IX. Some Cyclic Imidates and Related Lactones with Functional SubstituentsH. E. Zaugg and R. J. MichaelsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 7, 1801–1805Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01042a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01042a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feature detection and fusion for intelligent compression (2001)

In previous work a novel approach was described which used automatic target detection together with compression techniques to achieve intelligent compression by exploiting knowledge of the image content. In this paper an extension to this work is presented in which a set of standard feature detectors such as HV-quadtrees, approximate entropy and phase congruency are used as target discriminators. These detectors all attempt to find potential areas of interest within an image but will undoubtedly be slightly different in their estimates. A probabilistic (Bayesian belief) network is then used to fuse this information into a single hypothesis of interesting areas within an image. A wavelet- based decomposition can then be applied to the image in which selective destruction of wavelet coefficients is performed outside the cued areas of interest (in effect concentrating the wavelet information into the required areas) prior to the encoding with a version of the progressive SPIHT encoder. One of the difficulties with this approach can be when large quantities of wavelet coefficients are discarded, this can potentially lead to abrupt changes at a mask boundary resulting in (visually) undesirable effects in the reconstructed image. An improvement to this is to modify the fused feature image using morphology in order to arrive at a multi-level fuzzy mask. This can then be used to gradually reduce the significance of coefficients as the distance from the mask increases. Results will illustrate how this approach can be used for the detection and compression of airborne reconnaissance imagery.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Estradiol promotes cell survival and induces <scp><i>Greb1</i></scp> expression in granulosa cell tumors of the ovary through an <scp>ERα</scp>‐dependent mechanism (2021)

Granulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a form of ovarian tumor characterized by its tendency to recur years after surgical ablation. Little is known about the mechanisms involved in GCT development and progression. GCTs can produce estradiol (E2), but whether this hormone could play a role in this cancer through its nuclear receptors, i.e. ERα and ERβ, remains unknown. Here, we addressed this issue by cell-based and molecular studies on human GCTs and GCT cell lines. Importantly, we observed that E2 significantly increased the growth of GCT cells by promoting cell survival. The use of selective agonists of each type of receptor, together with Esr1 (ERα) or Esr2 (ERβ)-deleted GCT cells, revealed that E2 mediated its effects through ERα-dependent genomic mechanisms and ERβ/ERα-dependent extra-nuclear mechanisms. Notably, the expression of Greb1, a prototypical ER target gene, was dose-dependently upregulated by E2 specifically through ERα in GCT cells. Accordingly, using GCTs from patients, we found that GREB1 mRNA abundance was positively correlated to intra-tumoral E2 concentrations. Tissue microarray analyses showed that there were various combinations of ER expression in primary and recurrent GCTs, and that ERα expression persisted only in combination with ERβ in ~40% of recurrent tumors. Altogether, this study demonstrates that E2 can promote the progression of GCTs, with a clear dependence on ERα. In addition to demonstrating that GCTs can be classified as a hormone-related cancer, our results also highlight that the nature of ER forms present in recurrent GCTs could underlie the variable efficiency of endocrine therapies. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled Structure and Radiation Analysis of Acetylene/Air Flames (1992)

A coupled radiation-structure analysis of turbulent, non-premixed, strongly radiating acetylene/air flames is described. The analysis extends the laminar flamelet concept to include the effects of local radiative heat loss/gain. A new method for the calculation of the radiative source term is presented. New measurements of mean and fluctuating emission temperatures and radiation intensities, and previous data concerning flame structure are used to evaluate the predictions. Results show good agreement between measurements and predictions of flame structure similar to past uncoupled calculations. The mean emission temperatures and the mean visible radiation intensities are substantially underpredicted by the uncoupled analysis. The coupled calculations provide reasonable estimates of both quantities.