gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical geneticists' duty to warn at‐risk relatives for genetic disease (2003)

A patient who refuses to notify their relatives of potential at-risk status brings a genetics provider to face conflicting ethical principles and ill-defined legal precedent. Genetics professionals' views on the disclosure of patient information to at-risk relatives have remained largely unexamined. Prior analyses have been limited to identifying factors contributing to genetics providers' self-predicted responses in hypothetical scenarios. Our group was the first to examine the clinical experience of genetic counselors with this issue [Dugan et al., 2003]. We report here results from our follow-up survey of medical geneticists who are members of either the American Society of Human Genetics and/or American College of Medical Genetics in an effort to identify their experiences in warning at-risk relatives and the factors driving their decision-making processes. Over two-thirds of medical geneticists surveyed (69%, 143/206) believe they do bear responsibility to warn their patients' relatives when found to be at-risk for genetic disease. One-quarter (25%, 31/123) of medical geneticists who faced the dilemma of a patient refusing to notify their at-risk relatives seriously considered disclosure to those at-risk relatives without patient consent. Only four respondents proceeded to warn at-risk relatives of their status. Whereas genetic counselors cited emotional issues as playing a primary role in their decision not to warn, medical geneticists identified patient confidentiality, eventual case resolution by other means, and legal liability as the major factors leading to non-disclosure in 76% of actual scenarios. Responsibilities of medical geneticists, genetic counselors, and non-genetics healthcare professionals facing this issue will need to be more clearly defined to provide optimal medical care within the bounds of acceptable practice.
Performance evaluation of on-Demand multipath routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks (2007)

Typical multimedia applications require highly reliable connections and should not depend upon a single link. On-demand multipath routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks, therefore, are crucial in providing resilience to route failures and to successful load balancing. Performance evaluations of on-demand multipath routing protocols have been carried out and contrasted with traditional single-path routing protocols. Results show the superiority of multipath routing protocols under certain scenarios in terms of goodput, average end-to-end delay and routing overheads. Based on the observations, we make recommendations about how the performance of the on-demand multipath routing protocols can be improved.
A broadly tunable NH&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Raman FIR laser (1987)

The generation of broadly tunable FIR laser emission by pumping Raman transitions in NH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> with 300 mJ, 50 ns duration pulses from a continuously tunable CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser is reported. FIR laser outputs up to 4 mJ and a photon conversion efficiency as high as 16 percent have been obtained.
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase functions in the urokinase receptor-dependent pathway by which neutralization of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein promotes fibrosarcoma cell migration and Matrigel invasion (2000)

The low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) has been reported to regulate cellular migration. In this study, an antisense RNA expression strategy was used to reduce LRP to undetectable levels in HT 1080 fibrosarcoma cells. The LRP-deficient cells demonstrated increased levels of cell-surface uPAR, higher levels of uPA in conditioned medium, increased migration on vitronectin-coated surfaces, and increased invasion of Matrigel. LRP-deficient cells also demonstrated increased levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the absence of exogenous stimulants. Antibodies which block binding of endogenously produced uPA to uPAR reduced ERK phosphorylation and migration of LRP-deficient cells to the levels observed with control cells. Inhibitors of ERK activation, including PD098059 and dominant-negative MEK1, also decreased the migration of LRP-deficient but not control cells. By contrast, constitutively active MEK1 stimulated the migration of control but not LRP-deficient cells. Although Matrigel invasion by LRP-deficient cells was inhibited by the proteinase inhibitor, aprotinin, PD098059 in combination with aprotinin was necessary for an optimal effect. Expression of the VLDL receptor in LRP-deficient cells reversed the changes in cellular migration and invasion. These studies demonstrate that binding of endogenously produced uPA to uPAR may serve as a major determinant of basal levels of activated ERK and, by this mechanism, regulate cellular migration and invasion. By regulating the uPA/uPAR system, LRP may also regulate ERK activation, cellular migration, and invasion.
Studying voltage recovery processes on silicon photomultipliers (2013)

Dynamics of voltage recovery processes on silicon photomultipliers is experimentally and theoretically investigated. Special features of the voltage recovery in crystals with a great number of pixels are studied. Considerations on the configuration and selection of filter-element values in the supply circuit are stated. The expression for calculating the recovery time with an arbitrary number of operated pixels, taking the total number of pixels of the silicon photomultiplier, resistance value of horizontal current spreading over p- and n-regions of the pixels, and outer-element values into account, is obtained. The analytic expressions and SPICE simulation data are compared with the experimentally measured voltages across the load.
Reconfiguring a state machine (2010)

Reconfiguration means changing the set of processes executing a distributed system. We explain several methods for reconfiguring a system implemented using the state-machine approach, including some new ones. We discuss the relation between these methods and earlier reconfiguration algorithms--especially view changing in group communication.
Aportaciones al control H [símbolo de infinito] de sistemas multivariables. (2001)

Esta Tesis esta constituida por una serie de contribuciones relacionadas con la Teoria de Control H multivariable, tanto a sistemas lineales como a sistemas no lineales.

Respecto a las de los sistemas lineales, el objetivo principal de esta Tesis es aportar una metodologia de diseno de forma que se automatice la sintesis del controlador. Para ello se ha propuesto un metodo sencillo y facil de utilizar, valido tanto para sistemas monovariables o como multivariables y en el que no es necesario un conocimiento profundo de esta teoria de control para poder aplicarlo.

Esta metodologia utiliza el planteamiento de sensibilidad mixta, enmarcado dentro de la teoria de control H? , para el que se proponen unas reglas de diseno de las funciones de ponderacion involucradas en el mismo. Dichas reglas han sido disenadas de forma que el comportamiento de cada salida del sistema dependa basicamente de un solo parametro, el cual es facil de sintonizar.

La validez de la metodologia propuesta ha sido corroborada con resultados experimentales, ya que ha sido aplicada a sistemas reales de distinta indole, tanto monovariables (planta solar, sistema de seguimiento visual, servomecanismo de corriente continua) como multivariables (planta piloto), obteniendose en todos ellos resultados satisfactorios.

Respecto a las contribuciones realizadas al control H no lineal, estas han sido realizadas en el ambito de la robotica. Se ha propuesto un controlador basandose en la ampliacion de una ecuacion diferencial del error, anadiendo la ponderacion del termino integral y aportando una solucion a la ecuacion de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman-Isaacs planteada.

El controlador ha sido reescrito en una estructura similar a la del control por par calculado, de forma que el controlador externo resultante tiene la ecuacion de un PID no lineal. Ademas, se ha mostrado como una eleccion particular de unas matrices de ponderacion permite encontrar un controlador cuyas.
Using Factor Oracles for Machine Improvisation (2004)

We describe variable markov models we have used for statistical learning of musical sequences, then we present the factor oracle, a data structure proposed by Crochemore &amp; al for string matching. We show the relation between this structure and the previous models and indicate how it can be adapted for learning musical sequences and generating improvisations in a real-time context.
Vibroseis source signature uncertainty and its impact on simultaneous sourcing (2009)

Knowledge of the source wavelet in a controlled source seismic experiment significantly improves our ability to extract information from the resulting seismic data. The radiated source signature in Vibroseis field experiments is found to deviate from the pilot sweep and the ground force estimate (GFE) signal put out by the controller, especially at higher frequencies. The Vibroseis source signature uncertainty is a problem for simultaneous sweeping techniques that require reliable phase control and an accurate GFE in order to separate simultaneous sweeps.
Light trapping regimes in thin-film silicon solar cells with a photonic pattern (2010)

We present a theoretical study of crystalline and amorphous silicon thin-film solar cells with a periodic pattern on a sub-micron scale realized in the silicon layer and filled with silicon dioxide right below a properly designed antireflection (AR) coating. The study and optimization of the structure as a function of all the photonic lattice parameters, together with the calculation of the absorption in a single layer, allows to identify the different roles of the periodic pattern in determining an increase of the absorbance. From one side, the photonic crystal and the AR coating act as impedance matching layers, thus minimizing reflection of incident light over a particularly wide range of frequencies. Moreover a strong absorption enhancement is observed when the incident light is coupled into the quasi guided modes of the photonic slab. We found a substantial increase of the short-circuit current when the parameters are properly optimized, demonstrating the advantage of a wavelength-scale, photonic crystal based approach for patterning of thin-film silicon solar cells.
Synthesis of labeled o‐iodohippuric acid (1971)

Abstract The reaction of o‐iodohippuric acid with labeled iodide has been shown to afford exclusively labeled o‐iodohippuric acid. The same compound has been synthesized from anthranilic acid. The rate of exchange was sufficiently rapid to permit the preparation of 132 I and 128 I labeled o‐iodohippuric acid. The mechanism of the exchange is discussed.
Radical dimer rescue of toxicity and improved therapeutic index of adriamycin in tumor-bearing mice. (1985)

The product of adriamycin (ADR) reductive glycosidic cleavage is the pharmacologically inactive 7-deoxyadriamycin aglycone. Bi(3,5-dimethyl-5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxomorpholin-3-yl) (DHM3) is a radical dimer which reacts with ADR in vitro to produce this aglycone. We utilized DHM3 to prevent ADR toxicity in mice. CD2F1 male mice were given a single dose of ADR, 25 mg/kg i.p., which was acutely lethal as indicated by a median survival time of 7 days. DHM3 administered as a single i.p. dose of 50 mg/kg 15 or 30 min following ADR provided significant protection with median survival times greater than 9 wk. Mice bearing ascitic L1210 leukemic cells were given ADR, 0, 6.6, 15, or 25 mg/kg i.p. 1 day following inoculation of tumor. DHM3 administered as a single 50 mg/kg i.p. dose 20 min after ADR had no significant effect on ADR efficacy at the lower dose range (% treated versus control = 171 and 285 for 6.6 and 15.0 mg/kg, respectively). Less than 15% of the animals in these treatment groups were long-term survivors. However, following high doses of ADR (25 mg/kg), DHM3 protected mice from ADR lethality and over 70% of animals were long-term survivors. The determination of parent ADR and ADR aglycone content in several tissues indicated that the concentration of ADR was reduced in those animals that received DHM3 15 min after ADR. Correspondingly an increase in ADR aglycone concentration in each tissue resulted from DHM3 treatment. DHM3 represents a novel class of compounds that can ameliorate ADR toxicity and has potential use as a rescue agent.
Parametric Coupling of the Magnetization and Strain in a Ferrimagnet. I. Parametric Excitation of Magnetostatic and Elastic Modes (1963)

A theoretical treatment is presented of the parametric coupling between the magnetization and elastic strain in a ferrimagnet produced by magnetic pumping. In this paper the parametric coupling between resonant magnetostatic and elastic modes is discussed. The case of a disk vibrating in a longitudinal mode coupled to the uniform precession mode is discussed in detail. The oscillation threshold for this simple geometry is calculated and shows clearly the dependence of the threshold on the properties of the modes and the magnetoelastic coupling coefficients. It has been found that the threshold calculated for the disk geometry agrees to within an order of magnitude with measurements of the threshold for this effect using single-crystal YIG spheres.
Design of a wireless miniature low cost EMG sensor using gold plated dry electrodes for biomechanics research (2013)

EMG sensors for biomechanics research and portable applications need to be small, wireless and power efficient. This imposes several constraints on the design methodology of such sensors. There are many commercially available devices which are expensive and have proprietary communication protocols. It is difficult to synchronize them with other devices. Furthermore, using gel-based electrodes for signal acquisition increases setup time and running costs. Hence we present the design of a miniaturized, wireless, low-cost and non-invasive dry-electrode EMG sensor that was prototyped in our lab and dubbed the `WB-EMG' Sensor. We demonstrate its working being fitted with a gold plated copper core electrode. By mounting the sensor on the extensor carpiulnaris and recording data during some simple exercises, we were able to show that its envelope in the frequency domain was similar to the expected EMG Pattern.
Novel design for high power single lateral mode lasers (2001)

Summary form only given. Today's rising power requirement for semiconductor lasers has created much interest in the research of high power single lateral mode lasers. Single lateral mode lasers are generally narrow in width in order to cut off propagation of higher order modes. Several problems arise from the narrow geometry such as catastrophic optical mirror damage (COMD), a large diffraction angle, and limited power due to the small gain volume. Recently, flared waveguides have been studied for increased gain volume and increased spot size on the front facet. The larger gain volume increases the peak output power of the diode. The increased spot size will raise the COMD power level by lowering the power density at the facet. The increased spot size will also decrease the diffraction angle. A problem with flaring the waveguide is that as the waveguide increases in width, it can support propagation of higher order modes. Our design addresses this by utilizing selective area epitaxy (SAE) to create a ridge that gets thinner as its width increases. The result is a flared ridge that is tapered along the length of the laser.
Recombinant gibbon interleukin-3 acts synergistically with recombinant human G-CSF and GM-CSF in vitro (1988)

Recombinant gibbon interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a multilineage hematopoietic colony-stimulating factor (CSF) that recently was cloned and found to be highly homologous with human IL-3. Gibbon IL-3, as well as human granulocyte-CSF (G-CSF) and human granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), stimulated normal human bone marrow cells to form myeloid colonies in soft agar in a sigmoidal dose-response manner. When IL-3 was added to increasing concentrations of G-CSF or GM-CSF, synergistic colony formation occurred as compared with the effects of each CSF alone. Synergism was also noted when G-CSF was added with GM-CSF and when all the CSFs were added simultaneously. The combination of IL-3 and GM-CSF was less stimulatory than all the other CSF combinations. At day 11 of culture, IL-3 induced granulocyte-macrophage (38%), eosinophil (30%), granulocyte (18%), and macrophage (14%) colony formation. In summary, gibbon IL-3 is a growth factor that can synergize with other CSFs to enhance proliferation of myeloid-committed progenitors, suggesting that combinations of CSFs may have clinical utility in patients with neutropenia of various etiologies.
Diagnosis of polyomavirus infection in seedcrackers (<i>Pyrenestes sp.)</i>and blue bills<i>(Spermophaga haematina)</i>using DNA<i>in situ</i>hybridization (1994)

Avian polyomavirus (APV) infection was diagnosed in a closed research colony of seedcrackers (Pyrenestes sp.) and blue-bills (Spermophaga haematina) using DNA in situ hybridization. The DNA probe was a 1-kbp double-stranded PCR-generated probe that recognized a conserved nucleotide sequence within the VP-1 gene. Using this technique, APV infection was diagnosed, in 25 of 45 birds based upon examination of formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissues. Birds infected with APV apparently had a higher incidence of hepatic necrosis, hepatitis, bacterial infections and parasitism than did birds without APV.
Understanding properties of electrified interfaces as a prerequisite for label-free DNA hybridization detection (2012)

Label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization with high selectivity and sensitivity is only achievable if the properties of DNA at an electrified interface are understood in depth. After a short summary of concepts of electrochemical DNA detection as well as initial attempts towards label-free DNA assays the review discusses the physico-chemical properties and differences between single-stranded and double-stranded DNA immobilized at electrode surfaces in the light of their persistence lengths, structural conformation, impact of the charge screening by ion condensation and the electric field generated upon polarization of the electrode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a tool for label-free elucidation of DNA hybridization is reviewed and the necessity for an in-depth understanding of the interfacial properties is highlighted. Our major aim is to demonstrate the advantageous application of specifically designed intercalating compounds for the design of label-free detection of DNA hybridization.
Plantar Pressure and Load in Cadaver Feet After a Weil or Chevron Osteotomy (2005)

In this model, the chevron osteotomy more effectively reduced load and plantar pressure in the operated metatarsal regions; however, increases in load and pressure were observed in the first metatarsal region. The increase in pressure without a change in load in region 3 (third metatarsal) after a Weil osteotomy of the third metatarsal was attributed to the creation of a plantar prominence. This study did not show a reduction in load transmission as a result of the Weil osteotomy, which contradicts the proposed mechanism of clinical benefit. An intact first ray likely prevents transfer of load or pressure to adjacent lesser metatarsals with chevron osteotomy.
Simplified Dermabrasion Equipment (1957)

Dermabrasion equipment is becoming increasingly elegant and expensive. For the economy minded, as well as for those who innately admire simplicity, the following elementary assembly matches the results with more shining units and is just as convenient. 1. Electric fan. This should be of a size sufficient to generate a strong air current. In our hands a good fan is far more efficient in volatilizing ethyl chloride than the usual small nozzled blower which throws a rather feeble air stream. Furthermore, a much larger area can be frozen at one time, avoiding the difficulties which arise when the face is blocked out into small areas, each separately done. If the larger area is solidly and slowly frozen for a minute or so in accordance with the recommendations given elsewhere, 1 one can work and rework the area leisurely, with ample time to blend in the borders and
Phosphoinositide, Phosphopeptide and Pyridone Interactions of the Abl SH2 Domain (2006)

Signaling proteins are localized and regulated by Src homology 2 domains which recognize phosphotyrosine-containing sequences. Recently, noncanonical ligands have been proposed for Src homology 2 domains including that of Abl and its breakpoint cluster region fusion, which causes chronic myelogenous leukemia. Here, the Abl Src homology 2 domain's binding sites and affinities for phosphotyrosine- and phosphoserine-containing motifs, phosphoinositides as well as a pyridone-based peptidomimetic inhibitor were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in order to define their roles. The cognate Crk peptide ligand was bound with an affinity of 69 microM and, like the higher affinity peptidomimetic, engages the phosphotyrosine and +3 hydrophobic pockets while putative phosphoserine-containing breakpoint cluster region ligands are ruled out. Surprisingly, phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 bisphosphate interacts with an overlapping site through an electrostatic mechanism that does not appear to involve hydrophobic insertion into micelles. The conserved Arg36 residue in the FLVRES motif is required for both phosphotyrosine binding and for localization to phosphatidylinositol 4, 5 bisphosphate-containing liposomes, while Arg59 in the betaD strand is necessary for the phosphoinositide interaction. Thus the Src homology 2 domain of Abl, a myristoylated and membrane-localized protein, is able to interact directly with phosphoinositides through a multifunctional basic site that overlaps the phosphotyrosine pocket.
Hydroxytyrosol Attenuates Peripheral Neuropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats (2012)

Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most frequent and severe complications of diabetes. Hydroxytyrosol (HT), the major antioxidant polyphenolic compound of olive oil, has been investigated as a new potential treatment to counteract the progression of peripheral diabetic neuropathy in rats. An established model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes has been used. After confirmation of hyperglycemia, diabetic and nondiabetic animals were randomized to receive either a low dose or a high dose of HT, or the corresponding vehicle, for 6 weeks. At the end of the 6-week period of treatment, HT blunted plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances increase (p < 0.05) and significantly reduced nerve conduction velocity (p < 0.05) and thermal nociception impairment in diabetic rats (p < 0.05). Sciatic nerve Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity reduction was also abolished by HT (p < 0.05). The present study provides evidence of the therapeutic potential of the natural substance hydroxytyrosol in the early stage of diabetic neuropathy.
Influence of collagen fiber architecture on calcific aortic valve disease progression (2014)

To understand the causes and progression of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), several in vitro models were studied using non-invasive imaging techniques. Explanted rat aortic valve leaflets were placed in culture medium to induce calcium nodule formation and valve interstitial cells (VICs) cultured from explanted rat valve leaflets were placed on collagen polyacrylamide (PAAM) gels of varying stiffness. The Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) signal and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) generated by the collagen and calcium nodules, respectively, demonstrated that collagen fiber organization decreases with disease progression. Finally, using confocal fluorescence imaging, we found that average nodule size increases with substrate stiffness.