gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of heparin and anisodamine on risk of early thrombosis in native arteriovenous fistula (2011)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined heparin and anisodamine to protect from early thrombosis in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) who underwent arteriovenous fistula(AVF).Methods A total of 210 patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD were enrolled in the presented study from January 2008 to December 2009.They were having hemodialysis(HD) at this period or expected to have HD within the next 6 months.They were randomly divided into two groups,treated by 10 mg of heparin and 10 mg of anisodamine for 3 to 5 days(trial group) or without treatment(control group).Vessel murmur and thrill were evaluated at the fourth week after the operation.Results In the trial group,potent risk of early thrombosis in AVF reduced by combined use of heparin and anisodamine.AVFs were maintained in 94.5% in trial group whereas the ratio was 80% in the control group(P0.05).Conclusion The presented research indicates that combined use of heparin and anisodamine could effectively relieve the spasm of the vessels underwent AVF and reduce the risk of early thrombosis.
Integrated health article Longitudinal trends in hedonic hunger after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents (2014)

Background: Initial outcome studies have reported that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is safe and efficacious for adolescents with extreme obesity. Although rapid weight loss is seen initially, data also show that modest weight regain typically occurs as early as the second postoperative year. The contribution of various psychological factors, including hedonic hunger, to postoperative weight regain has not previously been studied in adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the variability in hedonic hunger and body mass index (BMI) over the initial 2-year period of weight loss and modest weight regain in adolescent RYGB recipients. Methods: A total of 16 adolescents completed the Power of Food Scale before surgery and at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Height and weight were measured at each time point, from which BMI was calculated. Results: Nonlinear trends were observed for time on both overall hedonic hunger and hedonic hunger specifically related to food available in the adolescent’s environment. The BMI reduction during the first 18 months postoperatively was paralleled by reduction in hedonic hunger; increases in hedonic hunger also paralleled the modest BMI increase at 24 months. In growth analysis, significant power gains are available to models using 4 or more points of data. However, only large effect sizes that are 4.85 were detectable with a sample of 16 patients. Conclusion: These data provide preliminary evidence that hedonic hunger is in need of further study in adolescent patients receiving RYGB both preoperatively and postoperatively. (Surg Obes Relat Dis 2014;10:125–131.) r 2014 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.
GaAs dynamic memory design (1996)

Subthreshold leakage loss is a serious problem for GaAs dynamic memory. Since the leakage current in a MESFET is several orders of magnitude higher than that in a MOSFET, it is difficult to retain the charge at dynamic nodes resulting in data storage errors, In order to solve this problem, a novel DRAM architecture is proposed. The design is based on a cell consisting of a MESFET switch and a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) planar capacitor as the storage element. The leakage current is reduced by a level-shift technique and a self-biased transistor is used to maintain the dynamic charge during the sense period. A high performance sense amplifier is used to detect small bit line voltage changes and refresh the stored data. A 1 Kb prototype, fabricated in a 1 /spl mu/m nonself-aligned GaAs MESFET technology, exhibited a total read/write access time of the order of 3 ns.
Genetic Diversity in a <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Historical Collection (1954 to 1988) (2007)

Bacillus anthracis, the etiologic agent of anthrax, has been widely described as a genetically monomorphic species. We used both multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) and pagA gene sequencing to determine the genetic diversity of a historical collection of B. anthracis isolates collected from the 1950s to the 1980s from various geographic locations and sources. We sequenced the pagA gene of 124 diverse B. anthracis isolates and found all previously identified B. anthracis pagA types except type 4. Sixty-three of the 124 B. anthracis strains were identified as pagA type 6, while 44 were pagA type 5, 12 were pagA type 1, and individual isolates were identified for types 2 and 3, respectively. Two new pagA genotypes were discovered in three environmental isolates within the historical collection. Two isolates had the same new genotype, and an additional isolate produced a second new genotype. MLVA detected 22 previously described genotypes in the historical collection. In addition, 33 new MLVA genotypes were found. For 11 isolates, an MLVA genotype could not be assigned because one or more alleles did not amplify. While only two additional B. anthracis pagA types were identified, in two instances, the use of pagA sequencing discriminated isolates with the same MLVA genotype. MLVA revealed that 39 of the 124 isolates were previously undocumented genotypes and that 1 isolate was found to be in the C cluster when it was subtyped by MLVA.
Density, Viscosity, Speed of Sound, Surface Tension, and Flash Point of Binary Mixtures of <i>n</i>-Hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-Heptamethylnonane and of Algal-Based Hydrotreated Renewable Diesel (2013)

The physical properties of algal hydrotreated renewal diesel (algal HRD) and several binary mixtures of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane were measured in this work. The density and viscosity were measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 393.15) K and the pure components values fell within the range of previously reported values. Speed of sound data were measured at temperatures ranging from (293.15 to 323.15) K and ranged from (1170 to 1360) m·s–1. The bulk modulus was calculated from the density and speed of sound data, and its values ranged from (1050 to 1425) MPa. For the pure n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane and their mixtures, the flash point values ranged from (367 to 408) K and the surface tension values ranged from (24.1 to 27.3) mN·m–1. The values of viscosity and flash point (360 K) for the algal HRD did not fall within the range of values for the mixtures of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane, but the values of density, speed of sound, bulk modulus, and surface tension (26.0 mN·m–1) did fall within the range of values measured for the mixtures of n-hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane. These data are important for future modeling of these renewable fuels.
Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: Results of a patient population survey (2006)

Low serum sodium concentration is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with cirrhosis, but its prevalence and clinical significance is unclear. To evaluate prospectively the prevalence of low serum sodium concentration and the association between serum sodium levels and severity of ascites and complications of cirrhosis, prospective data were collected on 997 consecutive patients from 28 centers in Europe, North and South America, and Asia for a period of 28 days. The prevalence of low serum sodium concentration as defined by a serum sodium concentration < or =135 mmol/L, < or =130 mmol/L, < or =125 mmol/L, and < or =120 mmol/L was 49.4%, 21.6%, 5.7%, and 1.2%, respectively. The prevalence of low serum sodium levels (<135 mmol/L) was high in both inpatients and outpatients (57% and 40%, respectively). The existence of serum sodium <135 mmol/L was associated with severe ascites, as indicated by high prevalence of refractory ascites, large fluid accumulation rate, frequent use of large-volume paracentesis, and impaired renal function, compared with normal serum sodium levels. Moreover, low serum sodium levels were also associated with greater frequency of hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome, but not gastrointestinal bleeding. Patients with serum sodium <130 mmol/L had the greatest frequency of these complications, but the frequency was also increased in patients with mild reduction in serum sodium levels (131-135 mmol/L). In conclusion, low serum sodium levels in cirrhosis are associated with severe ascites and high frequency of hepatic encephalopathy, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and hepatorenal syndrome.
Effect of Cathodic Current on the Structural Features of Oxide Films formed by AC Anodization of Aluminum (2017)

The effects of the applied potential difference and the frequency in the alternating current (AC) anodization of aluminum on the structural features of the resultant alumina films were investigated using oxalic acid as the electrolyte. In particular, the effects of the cathodic current on film formation were evaluated by separating the total current into the anodic current and the cathodic current. In AC anodization, the structural features of the resultant oxide films were determined by the balance between the anodic current, which contributed to film formation, and the cathodic current, which contributed to hydrogen evolution. When the anodic current was higher than the cathodic current, efficient film formation could be achieved with oxidation exceeding the hydrogen evolution. In this case, the structure of the obtained film was similar to that of the film obtained by direct current anodization. When the ratio of the cathodic current to the total current was high, a unique laminated film structure was formed by repetition of growth and exfoliation of an alumina film.
Global Electromagnetic Analysis Coupled with Stability Study to Help the Conception of an Active Module (2000)

This paper describes a global electromagnetic (EM) approach developed to help the design of an amplifier module. The device is composed of a succession of different circuits and MMICs enclosed in a metallic cavity. The EM calculation gives the passive area characterization. MMICs are considered as lumped elements, their electrical responses are connected directly in the meshing of the distributed structure. Consequently, the effect of parasitic phenomenon on active MMICs is taken into account. Then, a stability analysis permits to establish that some TM modes resonances damage the responses device performances for some conditions of amplification level. A solution to obtain a good electrical response is to divide the module in 3 cavities connected between them by dielectric inserts.
Collapse of Spherical Cavities in Viscoelastic Fluids (1970)

An analysis is given of the collapse of a spherical cavity in a large body of an incompressible viscoelastic liquid. Proceeding from a linear rheological model for the liquid, one obtains a nonlinear integro-differential equation for the motion of the cavity. Analytical solutions are derived for certain limiting values of the parameters governing collapse, and some numerical solutions are presented for various other values. As one of the more interesting results of this work, it is found that elasticity in the liquid can significantly retard the collapse of a void and produce prolonged, oscillatory motion whenever the relaxation time of the fluid is moderately large in comparison to the Rayleigh collapse time. This is in sharp contrast to the catastrophic collapse which will aways occur for voids in purely viscous liquids. Both numerical and approximate analytical solutions are presented to demonstrate the damping effect of liquid viscosity on the cavity motion.
Characterization of the ceramic: Substrate interface of plasma sprayed high-temperature superconductors (1989)

The adhesion of thin films of high‐temperature superconducting ceramics to various substrates is of great importance for the successful application of superconductors in microelectronic devices. As the first step toward constructing semiconductor devices, thin films of the YBa2Cu3O7−x perovskite‐based superconductor were plasma sprayed onto silicon wafers and aluminum coated silicon wafers. The substrate‐thin film interfaces have been characterized using X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, XPS, and Auger Electron Spectroscopy, AES. The interfacial chemistry and composition which exist before and after annealing are compared and contrasted. The XPS and AES data reveal differences in the chemistry and composition between the interface and the bulk material. Interfacial segregation of various components of the plasma sprayed material is observed following subsequent heat treatment. These differences may account for varying degrees of interfacial stability.
Methyl farnesoate appears to be a crustacean reproductive hormone (1992)

Summary Methyl farnesoate (MF) is an unepoxidated form of juvenile hormone III, which controls reproduction in insects and appears to serve the same function in Crustacea. MF is synthesized by the mandibular organs (MOs) and has been found in the hemolymph of both females and males in more than 25 species of crustaceans. MF is most actively synthesized by females during vitellogenesis. MF appears to be an active gonadotropin since implants of MOs into non-reproductives will increase gonad indices. In males, high titers of MF are associated with large reproductive systems and aggressive mating behavior.
A Decade of Teaching Pharmaceutics Using Case Studies and Problem-Based Learning (2011)

Objectives. For the past decade, pharmaceutics at the University of Southern California has been taught using a case-study—driven problem-based learning (PBL) approach. In this paper, we document our experience with this teaching approach and describe the evolution of the course. Methods. Over the 10-year period we have refined our teaching methodology based on the suggestions of students and faculty, and in response to changes in our teaching environment. Case studies have remained as the most important element of the pharmaceutics course, and the use of verbal assessment of student performance has also been consistently emphasized. Results. There is a good relationship between student learning and case study performance in the PBL environment, as measured by grades for written case study reports and examination scores. This relationship holds from year to year, and applies equally to both stronger and weaker students. Conclusions. A case study-driven PBL course with a large class size can be effective i...
Oral tolerance, an active immunologic process mediated by multiple mechanisms (2000)

Oral tolerance, the specific suppression of cellular and/or humoral immune responses to an antigen by prior administration of the antigen by the oral route, probably evolved to prevent hypersensitivity reactions to food proteins and bacterial antigens present in the mucosal flora. As with other forms of immunologic tolerance, oral tolerance also provides mechanisms to suppress pathologic reactivity against self and, thus, to prevent or treat autoimmune diseases.
In-orbit results of VELOX-II nanosatellite (2016)

VELOX-II is among the first few 6U nano-satellites in the world that have been successfully launched and operated in space. The satellite was developed and built in the Satellite Research Centre (SaRC) at Nanyang Technological University (NTU). It is SaRC's sixth satellite in orbit. It carries a communication payload to demonstrate inter-satellite data relay system capability between a low earth orbit (LEO) and higher orbit satellites. Its primary aim is to demonstrate data transmission anytime and anywhere in the orbit. Besides the primary communication payload, the satellite missions include a GPS payload for precise orbit navigation and a fault tolerant electronic circuit. In this paper, the missions of VELOX-II are described and in-orbit flight results are presented.
The Response of the Planetary Boundary Layer to Time Varying Pressure Gradient Force (1968)

The equations for horizontally homogeneous planetary boundary layer flow with constant eddy viscosity are integrated in time and height. The special case for which the direction of the pressure gradient force is a periodic function of time is studied in detail. The nondimensional number F=z(4Kt)−½ is seen to be the proper scale which describes the flow response to the boundary layer.
Superconducting Properties of Aerosol‐Generated YBa <sub>2</sub> Cu <sub>3</sub> O <sub>7</sub> – <sub>8</sub> Powders (1993)

YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7–8 superconducting powders are generated by an aerosol route and classified into different size intervals in a cascade impactor. Two length scales (penetration depth, λ, and coherence length, ζ) characterizing superconductivity in aerosol‐produced superconducting grains are established for the first time from magnetization measurements. Representing the aerosol size distribution by a lognormal function, the susceptibility (χ) versus particle diameter ( d p ) relation is analyzed to obtain the penetration depth (λ). The lower and upper critical field strengths, H c1 and c2 , are established for the samples. Intraparticle critical current densities are computed from the magnetization results for these aerosol‐processed powders.
Updated 7X and VN Results on Red Storm. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
MEASURES OF EFFECTIVENESS FOR TSM STRATEGIES (1981)

This three-phase study has developed measures of effectiveness (MOE'S) for Transportation Systems Management (TSM) strategies. In Phase I, hierarchical schemes of TSM strategies and tactics and comprehensive goals and objectives were developed. MOE'S were then identified which could measure the degree of attainment of each related objective through the implementation of a given tactic. Data sources, field measurement procedures and modelling techniques were then identified for measuring or estimating each MOE. In Phase II four case studies were conducted to test and illustrate the methodology and to demonstrate the effectiveness of a variety of TSM strategies. In Phase III sampling and data collection procedures for some of the most commonly used MOE'S were developed. Also, manual and computer modelling procedures for modal split and network analysis were studied and recommendations on their applicability to TSM analyses were developed. This report comprehensively documents the research results and describes the methodology employed in the study. In addition, a wealth of information is provided, both in the main body of the report and in the technical appendices, which will be of practical use in the development and evaluation of TSM strategies for urban areas. (FHWA)
One-pot synthesis and chemistry of bis[1,2]dithiolopyrroles (1997)

Hünig’s base and S 2 Cl 2 give the fused 1,4-thiazines 1 and (in the presence of formic acid) 2 and 3, each of which readily extrudes sulfur, selectively and quantitatively, to give the fused pyrroles 4, 5 and 6 respectively; at higher temperatures Hünig’s base and S 2 Cl 2 can be converted into the pyrroles in one pot, and the cycloadducts 8 and 10 are thus readily available in two steps.
BASES OF NEUTRON DAMAGE MONITORING (1962)

Abstract : The problems of monitoring and reporting neutron damage effects have been reviewed. The commonly used monitors and the analyses generally associated with them are discussed in relation to the problems of damage. Are s requiring further development or revision of tec ique are indicated. Three analytical procedures re described, each suitable in different situations dependent upon the sample under con ideration, the detectors, and the control fluxes available. Results of monitoring damage to structural steel are examined in some detail to learn what they mply about the state of damage monitoring and analysis. (Author)
Abstract 1448: Disseminated tumor cell formation promoted by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) involves ZEB1/miR21-dependent activation pathway (2014)

Abstract Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a natural bioactive lipid that promotes metastasis of many types cancer cells. We have shown that blocking LPA receptor type 1 (LPA1) activity inhibits early stage of bone metastasis by inhibiting motility and invasion of breast cancer cells. However, the signaling pathways and gene activation involved in this process have not been well characterized. Micro-ARNs (miR) are well known master regulators of gene expression. Based on the complete miR expression profile in human MDA-MB-231 breast cells stimulated by LPA, we found that miR-21 was one of the most up regulated miR. Using the Taqman RT-QPCR system, we found that LPA induced a rapid increase in miR-21 expression in MDA-MB-231 cells and in their highly osteotropic sub-clone MDA-B02 cells reaching a plateau by two to three folds (EC50 = 0.1μM) after 45 min of stimulation. MiR-21 is well known to act as an oncomiR promoting metastasis in multiple cancers. Also, it is known that miR-21 expression is controlled by several transcription factors. The full transcriptomic analysis of our breast cancer cell lines showed that among those transcription factors, ZEB1, STAT3 and cFos were up regulated by LPA. Interestingly, silencing ZEB1 expression in these cells using synthetic ZEB1-siRNAs abolished LPA-induced miR-21 expression whereas silencing STAT3 or sFos had no effect. Hence, silencing ZEB1 up-regulated the expression of miR-21 target genes PDCD4, PTEN and SPRY2 in MDA-MB-231 cells stimulated by LPA. RT-QPCR analyses also showed that LPA1 was the most abundant LPA receptor in MDA-MB-231 cells (LPA1&gt;LPA2&gt;&gt;LPA6=LPA7&gt;LPA5) whereas LPA3 and LPA4 were not detectable. We found that the treatment of our breast cancer cells with Ki16425, a LPA1/LPA3 antagonist, inhibited LPA-induced miR-21 expression. Silencing LPA1 expression in these cells using synthetic LPA1-siRNAs also abolished LPA-induced miR-21 expression. We showed in animal that Debio0719, another LPA1/LPA3 antagonist, inhibits implantation of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) into the bone marrow. Here, we found that the pretreatment of MDA-B02 cells with a specific blocker of miR-21 (mirVana miR-21 inhibitor) before injection of these cells in BALB/c nude mice decreased the incidence of DTC-positive animals and decreased the number DTCs at the metastatic sites. All together our results demonstrate that miR-21 controls the prometastatic activity of LPA involving LPA1-dependent activation of ZEB1 in breast cancer cells. Citation Format: Debashish Sahay, Raphaël Leblanc, Johnny Ribeiro, Philippe Clézardin, Olivier Peyruchaud. Disseminated tumor cell formation promoted by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) involves ZEB1/miR21-dependent activation pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1448. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1448
Teachers' view upon today's technology tool: living or learning (2010)

Rapid developments of various technologies contribute to corresponding pedagogical applications. Adopting technology in education seems to become a trend, for example, Podcasting and smart card. In addition, the current generation of students is coming to campus with quite sophisticated technology skills and habits. Their skills and habits should be explored to facilitate their learning. This study values such trend and evaluates teachers' view in adopting technology tool in students' life. Within such scope, the concept of tool for learning and for living is investigated. An evaluation process is held to provide quantitative evidence, and corresponding results and discussions are presented. This study expects to render a preliminary understanding, and provide an idea about how the adoption of a technology in students' life may be proceeded in school and ensured for success.