gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the distribution and origins of substance P in the papillae of the rat tongue: An experimental and immunohistochemical study (1982)

Abstract The distribution and the orgins of substance P (SP)‐positive fibers in the papillae of the rat tongue were investigated by means of the indirect immunofluorescent method. Three types of papilla contain SP‐positive fibers, though the number ofthese fibers varies from papilla to papilla. The circumvallate papilla contains the greatest number of SP‐positive fibers, followed by the foliate papillae and the fungiform papillae; the filiform papillae lack SP‐positive fibers. The papillar SP‐positive fibers form dense bands in the lamina propria just beneath the epithelium. Some of the fibers enter the epithelium and the taste buds. It should be stressed that not every taste bud is provided with SP‐positive fibers: Only 95% of the taste buds in the foliate papillae, 70% of the taste buds in the fungiform papillae, and 40% of the taste buds in the circumvallate papillae contain detectable SP‐positive fibers. Unilateral section of the glossopharyngeal nerve resulted in a complete disappearance of SP‐positive fibers in the foliate papillae on the operated side, and a slight decrease in the circumvallate papillae on both sides. Bilateral section of the glossopharyngeal nerve resulted in a complete disappearance of SP‐positive fibers in the foliate and circumvallate papillae. Following unilateral section of the chorda tympani, SP‐positive fibers in the tastebuds of the fungiform papillae disappeared completely. In addition, unilateral neurotomy of the mandibular nerve resulted in a complete disappearance of SP‐positive fibers in the epithelium of the fungiform papillae. These facts strongly indicate that SP in the foliate and circumvallate papillae is supplied by the glossopharyngeal nerve, SP in the taste buds of the fungiform papillae by the chorda tympani, and SP in the epithelium of the fungiform papillae by the third division of the trigeminal nerve.
A new protocol for a low power sensor network (2005)

This paper proposes a simple protocol for low-power sensor networks with battery-operated sensing devices. The sensors are expected to become active only when certain events in the environment occur. Therefore, a scheme for the application and medium access cycles is developed which avoids common problems of energy loss due to idle actions. Subsequently, the protocol is evaluated according to sensor lifetime. In contrast to common performance analysis, the approach considers the application behavior as a main impact on the sensor lifetime. Capabilities to save energy are derived.
A voltage mode integer divider for fast A/D Conversion (2010)

An analog circuit capable of implementing an integer division by a constant number is presented in this paper. The quotient and the residue of the division are generated concurrently by a circuit operating in voltage mode that can be used in various A/D Conversion (ADC) architectures like subrange ADCs as well as signal processing units, neural networks, fuzzy controllers etc. A comparison with an integer divider that was implemented in current mode by the authors shows that the voltage mode implementation leads to higher speed operation due to a better equalization of the quotient and residue path delays of the divider. A fast, low area and power 8-bit subrange ADC that has been designed based on the voltage mode integer division architecture is presented as a case study. The comparison of this 8-bit subrange ADC with other similar resolution ADCs shows the advantages of the proposed integer division architecture.
A new quantization optimization algorithm for the MPEG advanced audio coder using a statistical subband model of the quantization noise (2006)

In this paper, an improvement of the quantization optimization algorithm for the MPEG Advanced Audio Coder (AAC) is presented. This algorithm, given a bit-rate constraint, minimizes the perceived distortion generated by the signal compression. The distortion can be related to the quantization error level over frequency subbands through an auditory model. Thus, optimizing the quantization requires knowledge of the rate-distortion function for each subband. When this function can be modeled in a simple way, the algorithm can take a one-loop recursive structure. However, in the MPEG AAC, the rate-distortion function is hard to characterize, since AAC makes use of nonlinear quantizers and variable length entropy coders. As a result, the standard algorithm makes use of two nested loops with a local decoder, in order to measure the error level rather than predicting its value. We first describe a partial subband modeling of the rate-distortion function of interest in the MPEG AAC. Then, using a statistical approach, we find a relationship between the error level and the so-called quantization "scale-factor" and propose a new algorithm that is basically similar to a classical one loop "bit allocation" process. Finally, we describe the complete algorithm and show that it is more efficient than the standard one
TEMPERATURE‐INDEPENDENT RIBOFLAVINELESS MUTANTS OF ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS (1962)

Panicker, Radha K., and E. R. B. Shanmugasundaram. (U. Madras, India.) Temperature‐independent riboflavineless mutants of Aspergillus nidulans. Amer. Jour. Bot. 49(6): 555–559. Illus. 1962.—Studies on the biosynthesis of riboflavine using 5 non‐allelic, riboflavineless mutants of Aspergillus nidulans show that: (1) all of them are temperature‐independent; (2) optimal amounts of the vitamin required for maximal growth vary from one mutant to the other; (3) the riboflavine activity of purines and pyrimidines on the mutants are none too different from the earlier observations on Neurospora crassa, Eremothecium ashbyii and Ashbya gossypii ; and (4) the isoalloxazine and alloxazine derivatives are not only devoid of vitamin activity but also slightly inhibit the growth of the mutants in presence of the vitamin.
Raddeanin a Suppresses Glioblastoma Growth by Inducing ROS Generation and Subsequent JNK Activation to Promote Cell Apoptosis (2018)

The results of this study suggest that RA suppressed the growth of glioblastoma, thus serving as a promising and potential strategy for glioblastoma chemotherapy.
Short-Term Characterization of Building Integrated Photovoltaic Panels (2002)

Building integrated photovoltaics, the integration of photovoltaic cells into one or more exterior building surfaces, represents a small but growing part of today’s $2 billion dollar photovoltaic industry. A barrier to the widespread use of building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is the lack of validated predictive simulation tools needed to make informed economic decisions. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has undertaken a multi-year project to compare the measured performance of BIPV panels to the predictions of photovoltaic simulation tools. The existing simulation models require input parameters that characterize the electrical performance of BIPV panels subjected to various meteorological conditions. This paper describes the experimental apparatus and test procedures used to capture the required parameters. Results are presented for custom fabricated mono-crystalline, polycrystalline, and silicon film BIPV panels and a commercially available triple junction amorphous silicon panel.
Linear System Theory, the State Space Approach (Lotfi A. Zadeh and Charles A. Desoer) (1964)

Previous article Next article Linear System Theory, the State Space Approach (Lotfi A. Zadeh and Charles A. Desoer)Wilfred KaplanWilfred Kaplanhttps://doi.org/10.1137/1006079PDFBibTexSections ToolsAdd to favoritesExport CitationTrack CitationsEmail SectionsAbout"Linear System Theory, the State Space Approach (Lotfi A. Zadeh and Charles A. Desoer)." SIAM Review, 6(3), pp. 319–320 Previous article Next article FiguresRelatedReferencesCited byDetails SEM Based CARMA Time Series Modeling for Arbitrary N7 November 2017 | Multivariate Behavioral Research, Vol. 53, No. 1 Cross Ref Volume 6, Issue 3| 1964SIAM Review History Published online:18 July 2006 InformationCopyright © 1964 Society for Industrial and Applied MathematicsPDF Download Article & Publication DataArticle DOI:10.1137/1006079Article page range:pp. 319-320ISSN (print):0036-1445ISSN (online):1095-7200Publisher:Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
Sites phosphorylated in myosin light chain in contracting smooth muscle. (1988)

Purified smooth muscle myosin light chain can be phosphorylated at multiple sites by myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase C. We have determined the sites phosphorylated on myosin light chain in intact bovine tracheal smooth muscle. Stimulation with 10 microM carbachol resulted in 66 +/- 5% monophosphorylated and 11 +/- 2% diphosphorylated myosin light chain after 1 min, and 47 +/- 4% monophosphorylated and 5 +/- 2% diphosphorylated myosin light chain after 30 min. Myosin heavy chain contained 0.06 +/- 0.01 mol of phosphate/mol of protein which did not change with carbachol. At both 1 and 30 min the monophosphorylated myosin light chain contained only phosphoserine whereas the diphosphorylated myosin light chain contained both phosphoserine and phosphothreonine. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of tryptic digests of monophosphorylated and diphosphorylated myosin light chain obtained from carbachol-stimulated tissue was similar to the peptide maps of purified light chain monophosphorylated and diphosphorylated, respectively, by myosin light chain kinase; these maps were distinct from the map obtained with tracheal light chain phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Phosphorylation of tracheal smooth muscle myosin light chain by myosin light chain kinase yields the tryptic phosphopeptide ATSNVFAMFDQSQIQEFK with S the phosphoserine in the monophosphorylated myosin light chain and TS the phosphotreonine and phosphoserine in the diphosphorylated myosin light chain. Thus, stimulation of tracheal smooth muscle with a high concentration of carbachol results in formation of both monophosphorylated and diphosphorylated myosin light chain although the amount of diphosphorylated light chain is substantially less than monophosphorylated light chain. In the intact muscle, myosin light chain is phosphorylated at sites corresponding to myosin light chain kinase phosphorylation.
Metabolomic Analysis of Mice Exposed to Gamma Radiation Reveals a Systemic Understanding of Total-Body Exposure (2017)

Diagnostic markers are needed for accidental or deliberate radiation exposure that could cause acute and chronic radiation toxicity. Biomarkers of temporal, dose-dependent, aging-attenuated and multiple radiation exposures have been previously described by others. However, the physiological origin and biochemical networks that generate these biomarkers and their association at the molecular level have yet to be explored. Hence, the discovery and identification of total-body-irradiation-induced tissue specific biomarkers remains an enormous challenge within radiation biodosimetry research. To determine the tissue level response of total-body exposure (6 Gy), metabolomics analysis was carried out on radiosensitive tissues bone marrow, ileum, liver, muscle and lung as well as serum and on urine within 12 h postirradiation. Differences in the metabolic signatures between the sham and gamma-irradiated groups were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS). A panel of 67 biomarkers identified in radiosensitive tissues and biofluids (serum and urine) at a 6 Gy dose. Among the identified biomarkers, 3-methylglutarylcarnitine (3-MGC) was found to be a novel metabolite in liver, serum and urine that could potentially be an early radiation response marker. The degree of metabolic changes among different tissues showed perturbations in pathways including DNA methylation, energy, nucleic acid, amino acid, glutathione and bile acid metabolism. These results highlight metabolomics as a potential novel approach to understand functional alterations in the metabolome that could be adapted for use in the rapid assessment of radiation exposure and triage protocols in the case of nuclear incidents.
Production of CoQ10 in fission yeast by expression of genes responsible for CoQ10 biosynthesis (2015)

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is essential for energy production and has become a popular supplement in recent years. In this study, CoQ10 productivity was improved in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Ten CoQ biosynthetic genes were cloned and overexpressed in S. pombe. Strains expressing individual CoQ biosynthetic genes did not produce higher than a 10% increase in CoQ10 production. In addition, simultaneous expression of all ten coq genes did not result in yield improvements. Genes responsible for the biosynthesis of p-hydroxybenzoate and decaprenyl diphosphate, both of which are CoQ biosynthesis precursors, were also overexpressed. CoQ10 production was increased by overexpression of Eco_ubiC (encoding chorismate lyase), Eco_aroF(FBR) (encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase), or Sce_thmgr1 (encoding truncated HMG-CoA reductase). Furthermore, simultaneous expression of these precursor genes resulted in two fold increases in CoQ10 production.
Coulomb counting state-of-charge algorithm for electric vehicles with a physics-based temperature dependent battery model (2015)

This paper proposes a new Coulomb counting state-of-charge (SOC) algorithm for a lithium iron phosphate battery that achieves accurate results (3.8% standard deviation) for several drive cycles and temperatures between -10°C and 20°C. The basis for this method is a physics-based battery model that compensates for the influences of drive dynamics and temperature on the SOC estimates, instead of the data-driven, empirical adjustments that have been reported in the literature to date. The method also provides compensation for battery aging effects by recursively updating the battery parameters using a Kalman filter algorithm. This method has been evaluated using both lab equipment and a converted Ford F150 electric truck. The results confirm the robustness of the proposed algorithm for suppressing the influences of drive dynamics and temperature on SOC estimates.
Novel releasable linker technologies for targeted drug delivery: Activity of plasmin-activated prodrugs in tumor xenografts (2004)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 45, 2004

4590 

For targeting doxorubicin to tumor tissue, we have linked a peptide (specifier) which is a substrate for tumor-associated plasmin, via a linker to doxorubicin to yield a non-toxic and selectively activatible prodrug. Incorporation of a self-elimination linker (spacer) between specifier and drug was necessary to obtain a conjugate with desired properties. Releasable spacers with tunable length position the specifier at a desired distance from the parent drug. We previously reported in vitro studies that demonstrated that elongated linkers increase the efficiency of drug release. ST-9905 was much faster activated by plasmin as compared with the corresponding prodrug containing a conventional spacer (ST-9802). When ST-9905, ST-9802, and doxorubicin were compared in murine EF43.fgf-4 tumor cells at equimolar concentrations, in sharp contrast to doxorubicin, both prodrugs significantly reduced the volume of EF43.fgf-4 tumors in Balb/c mice without discernable systemic toxicity. ST-9905 showed to be significantly more effective in reducing tumor growth than ST-9802. ST-9905 possessed the largest therapeutic window as it induced the highest antitumor efficacy at all concentrations tested, but without side effects. We have also studied the efficacy of our prodrugs in human tumor xenograft models. The MTD for ST-9905 was found to be substantially higher than the MTD of doxorubicin. The prodrug displayed considerable activity whereas it was much less toxic with respect to parent doxorubicin. These data validate the concept of targeting anticancer prodrugs to tumor-associated plasmin. Enhanced efficiency of prodrug activation induced by the employed releasable linkers may reduce excretion, degradation, and undesired metabolism of the intact prodrug. Thus, these data validate in vivo use of elongated self-elimination spacers. Besides the linkers with tunable length, we will also present other newly developed spacer technology, such as branched releasable linkers (cascade-release dendrimers). By using this branched linker technology, a single activation step (enzymatic cleavage) triggers the spontaneous and instantaneous release of multiple drug molecules. The linker technologies can be applied for different therapeutic targeting strategies, such as enzyme activated prodrug therapy, polymeric drug delivery, receptor/peptide vector targeting, and antibody-drug conjugation.
Direct Detection of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> and <i>ctxA</i> in Peruvian Coastal Water and Plankton by PCR (2003)

Seawater and plankton samples were collected over a period of 17 months from November 1998 to March 2000 along the coast of Peru. Total DNA was extracted from water and from plankton grouped by size into two fractions (64 micro m to 202 micro m and >202 micro m). All samples were assayed for Vibrio cholerae, V. cholerae O1, V. cholerae O139, and ctxA by PCR. Of 50 samples collected and tested, 33 (66.0%) were positive for V. cholerae in at least one of the three fractions. Of these, 62.5% (n = 32) contained V. cholerae O1; ctxA was detected in 25% (n = 20) of the V. cholerae O1-positive samples. None were positive for V. cholerae O139. Thus, PCR was successfully employed in detecting toxigenic V. cholerae directly in seawater and plankton samples and provides evidence for an environmental reservoir for this pathogen in Peruvian coastal waters.
Process Intensification for Cellulosic Biorefineries (2017)

Utilization of renewable carbon source, especially non-food biomass is critical to address the climate change and future energy challenge. Current chemical and enzymatic processes for producing cellulosic sugars are multistep, and energy- and water-intensive. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) suggests that upstream lignocellulose processing is a major hurdle to the economic viability of the cellulosic biorefineries. Process intensification, which integrates processes and uses less water and energy, has the potential to overcome the aforementioned challenges. Here, we demonstrate a one-pot depolymerization and saccharification process of woody biomass, energy crops, and agricultural residues to produce soluble sugars with high yields. Lignin is separated as a solid for selective upgrading. Further integration of our upstream process with a reactive extraction step makes energy-efficient separation of sugars in the form of furans. TEA reveals that the process efficiency and integration enable, for the first time, economic production of feed streams that could profoundly improve process economics for downstream cellulosic bioproducts.
Increased Tl-201 Uptake by a Contusion on the Left Lateral Aspect of the Face and Head (2001)

KAWABE, JOJI M.D.; HIGASHIYAMA, SHIGEAKI M.D.; OKAMURA, TERUE M.D.; KOYAMA, KOICHI M.D.; TORII, KENJI M.D.; OCHI, HIRONOBU M.D.; YAMADA, RYUSAKU M.D. Author Information
Layer misregistration in PCB and its effects on signal propagation (2010)

Layer misregistration is one of the common issues in PCB manufacturing processes. In addition to physical limitations of manufacturability (large via pad/anti-pad), it may also have impact on the electrical performance of signal lines running through via fields with anti-pad openings. In order to quantify its effects on signal propagation, comprehensive test vehicles were designed, measured, and analyzed. Significant increases in layer-to-layer crosstalk and common-to-differential mode conversion were observed, when corresponding layers were misaligned. The results helped understand the mechanisms, validate modeling methodology, and define design rules.
Analytical shape computation of macromolecules: II. Inaccessible cavities in proteins (1998)

The structures of proteins are well-packed, yet they contain numerous cavities which play key roles in accommodating small molecules, or enabling conformational changes. From high-resolution structures it is possible to identify these cavities. We have developed a precise algorithm based on alpha shapes for measuring space-filling-based molecular models (such as van der Waals, solvent accessible, and molecular surface descriptions). We applied this method for accurate computation of the surface area and volume of cavities in several proteins. In addition, all of the atoms/residues lining the cavities are identified. We use this method to study the structure and the stability of proteins, as well as to locate cavities that could contain structural water molecules in the proton transport pathway in the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin. Proteins 33:18–29, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Deep-level characterization of N-doped ZnO films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering (2005)

We report on band gap states in N-doped ZnO (ZnO:N) films that were deposited on indium tin oxide/quartz substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. Colored ZnO:N samples showed enhanced polycrystalline with increasing N-doping concentration, as determined by x-ray diffraction patterns. Deep-level optical spectroscopy measurements revealed three characteristic deep levels located at ∼0.98, ∼1.20, and ∼2.21eV below the conduction band. In particular, the pronounced 2.21eV band is newly introduced by the N doping and behaves as part of the valence band, resulting in band gap narrowing of ZnO. Therefore, this deep level is probably one origin of visible-light sensitivity in ZnO:N.
Impact of socioeconomic status on the prevalence of dementia in an inner city memory disorders clinic (2009)

Increased age, low education, high medical comorbidity and low annual income are all associated with a diagnosis of dementia in an inner city setting. Age and medical comorbidity appear to be more strongly associated with a diagnosis of dementia than SES in an inner city setting.
Biologically active polycations, 6. Polymeric pyridinium salts with well‐defined main chain structure (1986)

Abstract Polyesters and polyamides with pendant N ‐alkylpyridinio‐4‐ylmethyl groups and definite spacer length between the pyridinio groups were prepared. It was found that the polyesters generally exhibit higher antibacterial activity than the corresponding monomers. Furthermore, the longer the alkyl chain length attached to the nitrogen of the pyridine ring, the higher is the antimicrobial activity. Polyamides with various spacer length were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography to obtain samples with comparable average molecular weights. Antimicrobial assessment of the fractionated polyamide samples demonstrated the existence of an optimum spacer length for lethal action.