gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Plant Transformation: Biology and Applications (2017)

Plant genetic transformation heavily relies on the bacterial pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens as a powerful tool to deliver genes of interest into a host plant. Inside the plant nucleus, the transferred DNA is capable of integrating into the plant genome for inheritance to the next generation (i.e. stable transformation). Alternatively, the foreign DNA can transiently remain in the nucleus without integrating into the genome but still be transcribed to produce desirable gene products (i.e. transient transformation). From the discovery of A. tumefaciens to its wide application in plant biotechnology, numerous aspects of the interaction between A. tumefaciens and plants have been elucidated. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the biology and the applications of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation, which may be useful for both microbiologists and plant biologists who desire a better understanding of plant transformation, protein expression in plants, and plant-microbe interaction.
Influence of<i>N</i>-Methylation on a Cation−π Interaction Produces a Remarkably Stable β-Hairpin Peptide (2005)

The methylation of lysine in histone tails is a common posttranslational modification that functions in histone-regulated chromatin condensation, with binding of methylated lysine occurring in aromatic pockets on chromodomain proteins. We have synthesized a highly stable 12-residue beta-hairpin peptide that exploits the histone-related cation-pi interaction between a methylated lysine residue and a tryptophan residue. Thermodynamic analysis reveals significant entropic stabilization of the peptide due to methylation of the lysine residue. Chemical denaturation of the peptide demonstrates two-state behavior. In comparison to other reported, highly stable designed beta-hairpins, this peptide is the most thermally stable beta-hairpin reported to date. This study provides insight into the role of Lys methylation in histone proteins and more generally in mediating protein-protein interactions.
Ueber die Einwirkung des Broms in alkalischer Lösung auf Amide (1881)

Eine Veranderung tritt aber alsbald ein, wenn man diese Lijsung mit einem
Studies on the Cultivation of the Virus of Vaccinia (1913)

Journal Article Studies on the Cultivation of the Virus of Vaccinia Get access Edna Steinhardt, Edna Steinhardt From the Research Laboratory, Board of Health, and the Pathological Laboratory, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Israeli, C. Israeli From the Research Laboratory, Board of Health, and the Pathological Laboratory, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. A. Lambert R. A. Lambert From the Research Laboratory, Board of Health, and the Pathological Laboratory, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 13, Issue 2, September 1913, Pages 294–300, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/13.2.294 Published: 01 September 1913 Article history Received: 09 June 1913 Published: 01 September 1913
A high performance peak detector sample and hold circuit for detecting power supply noise (2008)

A new method to detect the power supply and ground noise (PSN) in ICs is proposed in this paper. We improve the conventional peak detector sample and hold circuits (PDSH) and apply them to detect the PSN. The maximum overshoot or undershoot noise will be both detected and held in a holding capacitor. This consequence enables the next processing circuit to operate conveniently without further speed restriction. The noise detector is verified able to detect 1 GHz PSN with the magnitude from 10% to 45% VDD within 5% error. As compared to the prior art, both the detection range and speed are improved significantly.
Application of Novel Lateral Tire Force Sensors to Vehicle Parameter Estimation of Electric Vehicles (2015)

This article presents methods for estimating lateral vehicle velocity and tire cornering stiffness, which are key parameters in vehicle dynamics control, using lateral tire force measurements. Lateral tire forces acting on each tire are directly measured by load-sensing hub bearings that were invented and further developed by NSK Ltd. For estimating the lateral vehicle velocity, tire force models considering lateral load transfer effects are used, and a recursive least square algorithm is adapted to identify the lateral vehicle velocity as an unknown parameter. Using the estimated lateral vehicle velocity, tire cornering stiffness, which is an important tire parameter dominating the vehicle's cornering responses, is estimated. For the practical implementation, the cornering stiffness estimation algorithm based on a simple bicycle model is developed and discussed. Finally, proposed estimation algorithms were evaluated using experimental test data.
Laying the Power and Ground Wires on a VLSI Chip (1983)

This :paper presents the approach of MIT's Placement-Interconnect (PI) Project to routing noncrossing VDD and GND trees in single-layer metal. The input to the power-ground phase is a set of rectangular modules on a rectangular chip. There is one VDD pad, one GND pad, and each module has one VDD terminal, one GND terminal, and a current requirement. The power-ground phase calculates a cycle that passes through every module once, dividing the VDD terminals from the GND terminals. This splits the chip into a VDD region and a GND region. Signal-routing techniques find a short Steiner tree in the VDD region t h a t connects the VDD terminals to the VDD pad. This Steiner tree consists of minimum width metal wires. The same techniques route the GND tree. Using each module's current requirement, tree-traveral determines the current requirement and required width of each wire of the trees. Techniques used to widen overcrowded channels widen the wires, producing the final VDD and GND trees.
Flits: pervasive computing for processor and memory constrained systems (2002)

Many pervasive computing software technologies are targeted for 32-bit desktop platforms. However, there are innumerable 8-, 16- and 32-bit microcontroller- and microprocessor-based embedded systems that do not support the resource requirements of these technologies. We describe ongoing research that explores the feasibility of creating a portable runtime environment that is capable of executing across a wide variety of 8-, 16- and 32-bit processors and that offers mobile code and high-level language support. Our solution adapts a version of the language Forth called FCode and its environment to fit these needs. We introduce the concept of a "flit"-a software construct similar to an applet but tailored to the needs of lower resource solutions for pervasive computing. We also describe work currently in progress.
Thoracic splenosis. Diagnosis of a case by fine needle aspiration cytology. (1988)

Fine needle aspiration cytology was used to study chest wall nodules in a patient who presented with fever, cough, pleuritic chest pain and cytomegalovirus infection and who had a previous history of abdominal trauma. The finding of splenic red pulp and white pulp in the aspirate, combined with the results of a radionucleotide liver-spleen scan, led to a diagnosis of thoracic splenosis, a relatively rare condition. Splenosis is thought to result from transplantation of splenic tissue after trauma and may provide some added protection against certain infectious conditions, both of which were present in this case.
Effects of Polymer Concentration and Cationic Surfactant on the Morphology of Electrospun Polyacrylonitrile Nanofibres (2005)

\n\t\t\t\t\tPAN nanofibres were prepared via an electrospinning process. The effect of polymer concentration on the fibre morphology was studied. At a very dilute solution, no fibres were obtained in the electrospinning process. As the concentration increased, the fibre morphology evolved from a beads-on-string structure to a uniform fibre structure with increasing fibre diameters. However, when the same electrospinning process was conducted with the addition of a cationic surfactant, the formation of disconnected beads was prevented, and the number of beads-on-string structures reduced significantly. In addition, the presence of cationic surfactant reduced the average diameter of the electrospun PAN nanofibres.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Review Timolol Hemihydrate: A New Formulation of Timolol for the Treatment of Glaucoma (1996)

Timolol maleate, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocker, has been used to treat glaucoma and ocular hypertension for almost two decades. Recently a new preparation, timolol hemihydrate, has been described which eliminates the maleate buffer and simplifies the purification step for the R-enantiomer. The ocular pharmacology of the two medicines is expected to be similar. Ocular bioavailability as well as toxicity for timolol hemihydrate is similar to that which has been shown previously for timolol maleate. In a multicenter trial in the United States, timolol hemihydrate was shown to reduce the intraocular pressure to a similar extent as timolol maleate. At the week 12 visit intraocular pressure was 19.5 and 19.5 mm Hg for the hemihydrate and maleate groups respectively for the 0.25% concentration and 18.3 and 18.6 mm Hg respectively for the 0.5% concentration. Following a nine month open-label portion where patients were treated with timolol hemihydrate only intraocular pressure was 19.9 and 19.1 mm Hg for the 0.25% and 0.5% concentrations respectively. Ocular and systemic adverse events, as well as vital signs, were similar between timolol hemihydrate and maleate. In conclusion, timolol hemihydrate appears to be a safe and effective medicine in the treatment of ocular hypertension and chronic open-angle glaucoma.
Catechol production from benzene through reaction with resting and immobilized cells of a mutant strain of Pseudomonas. (1987)

The production of catechol from benzene by a mutant strain of Pseudomonas, defective in catechol catabolism, was examined under various conditions. The catechol producing activity was the highest when the growing medium contained succinate as a growing substrate, benzene as a inducer and high level of phosphate. Under the optimum conditions, 3.1 mg/ml of catechol was produced from 5 mg/ml of benzene through the reaction with resting cells. In addition, whole cells of the mutant were immobilized with carrageenan, urethane prepolymer, polyacrylamide and DEAE-cellulose, and their ability to produce catechol was examined.
Relation of Cotton Plant Nectar to Longevity and Reproduction of the Cotton Leafperforator in the Laboratory12 (1974)

Moths of Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck lived significantly longer on cotton with nectaries than on the nectariless counterpart, resulting in larger F1 larval populations on, and greater feeding damage to, the nectaried cotton. Cotton nectar apparently is an important food source for the moths and essential to their normal development. The potential for controlling this insect by use of plant characters is indicated.
Lerner-based non-uniform filter-banks and some of their applications (2003)

A design process is described which starts with a prototype resonator-based uniform filter-bank, whose bandpass outputs have poor stopband characteristics, and applies the concept of Lerner grouping of adjacent channels to develop a uniform filter-bank with much better bandpass characteristics. For applications requiring the lower frequencies of the input signal to be resolved more accurately than the higher frequencies, the Lerner based uniform filter-bank may be converted to a nonuniform one by applying an allpass transformation; the merit of using such a transformation is that it retains the good magnitude characteristics of the bandpass channels. The main difference between the present design procedure and that of G. Doblinger (1991) is the manner in which the allpass transformation is applied. Further, unlike previous work, the filter-bank designed here has the property that the sum of the bandpass channels is an allpass function. The implementation of the filter-bank is also considered. The primary additional application of the nonuniform channel-bank examined here is frequency-domain adaptive filtering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aldoketene Dimers and Trimers from Acid Chlorides. A Synthesis of Substituted 3-Hydroxycyclobutenones (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAldoketene Dimers and Trimers from Acid Chlorides. A Synthesis of Substituted 3-HydroxycyclobutenonesD. G. Farnum, J. R. Johnson, R. E. Hess, T. B. Marshall, and B. WebsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 22, 5191–5197Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00950a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00950a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CD50 (intercellular adhesion molecule 3) stimulation induces calcium mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation through p59fyn and p56lck in Jurkat T cell line. (1994)

The leukocyte differentiation antigen, CD50, has been recently identified as the intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3), the third counter-receptor of leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1). This molecule seems to be specially involved in the adhesion events of the initial phases of the immune response. To characterize the role of CD50 in leukocyte interactions, the different molecular events induced after cross-linking of CD50 on T cell-derived Jurkat cell line have been analyzed. When cells were incubated with anti-CD50 mAbs and cross-linked with polyclonal goat anti-mouse immunoglobulins, a rise in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) was observed. This increase in [Ca2+]i was mainly due to the uptake of extracellular Ca2+. This Ca2+ flux involved tyrosine phosphorylations and was further increased by CD3 costimulation. These data, together with those obtained by phosphotyrosine (P-Tyr) immunoprecipitation and in vitro kinase assays, suggested the involvement of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTK) in CD50 transduction pathways. By using specific antisera, the presence of p56lck and p59fyn protein tyrosine kinases (PTK) was clearly demonstrated in the CD50 immunoprecipitates. These findings suggest that the interaction of CD50 with its natural ligand (LFA-1) may result in T lymphocyte activation events, in which CD50 could play a very active role after antigen triggering.
Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell therapy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2018)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a common type of B cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder in adults, has witnessed enormous development in its treatment in recent years. New drugs such as ibrutinib, idelalisib, and venetoclax have achieved great success in treating relapsed and refractory (R/R) CLL. In addition, with the development of immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells (CAR-T) therapy, a novel adoptive immune treatment, has also become more and more important in treating R/R CLL. It combines the advantages of T cells and B cells via ex vivo gene transfer technology and is able to bind targets recognized by specific antibodies without antigen presentation, thus breaking the restriction of major histocompatibility complex. So far, there have been lots of studies exploring the application of CAR-T therapy in CLL. In this review, we describe the structure of chimeric antigen receptor, the preclinical, and clinical results of CAR-T therapy against CLL, along with its adverse events and advances in efficacy.
A New Synthesis of 4-Pyridazones (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of 4-PyridazonesJack F. MorganCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 2253–2254Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01186a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Piezoelectric Sensors Used for Daily Life Monitoring (2018)

This chapter presents an unrestrained and predictive sensor system to analyze human behavior patterns, especially in a case that occurs when a patient leaves a bed. Our developed prototype system comprises three sensors: a pad sensor, a pillow sensor, and a bolt sensor. A triaxial accelerometer is used for the pillow sensor, and piezoelectric elements are used for the pad sensors and the bolt sensor that were installed under a bed mat and a bed handrail, respectively. The noteworthy features of these sensors are their easy installation, low cost, high reliability, and toughness. We developed a machine-learning-based method to recognize bed-leaving behavior patterns obtained from sensor signals. Our prototype system was evaluated by the examination with 10 subjects in an environment representing a clinical site. The experimentally obtained result revealed that the mean recognition accuracy for seven behavior patterns was 75.5%. Particularly, the recognition accuracies for longitudinal sitting, terminal sitting, and left the bed were 83.3, 98.3, and 95.0%, respectively. However, falsely recognized patterns remained inside of respective behavior categories of sleeping and sitting. Our prototype system is applicable and used for an actual environment as a novel sensor system without restraint for patients.
Bandwidth allocation and routing in virtual path based ATM networks (2002)

The virtual path (VP) concept in ATM networks simplifies traffic control and resource management. For bandwidth allocation, a VP can carry traffic of the same type (the separated scheme) or of different types (the unified scheme) if the most stringent quality of service (QoS) amongst traffic of different types is used on the VP. In addition, VP capacity is dynamically adjusted in a predetermined incremental size. In this paper, we study a least loaded path-based adaptive routing algorithm called maximum free circuit routing under two bandwidth allocation schemes, in an ATM network employing the VP concept. In particular, we evaluate the call blocking probability and the call set-up processing load with varying bandwidth incremental sizes. It is found numerically how the use of VP trades the blocking probability for call setup processing load. It is also found that the unified scheme could outperform the separated scheme with the use of VP.
Renal Transplantation in Polycystic Renal Disease (1967)

A 37-year-old man with apparent familial polycystic renal disease reached a terminal phase of uremia in 1964. Renal transplantation was carried out from the patient's mother in July of the same year. The recipient enjoys good renal function more than three years following transplantation. This patient's polycystic kidneys were left in at the time of transplantation and have since been observed to be shrinking in size. The patient also has an erythremia (polycythemia vera) following transplantation, which persists more than three years postoperatively.
Hypotonicity Modulates Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Sodium Current in Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons (2011)

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) play an important role in the control of membrane excitability. We previously reported that the excitability of nociceptor was increased by hypotonic stimulation. The present study tested the effect of hypotonicity on tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium current (TTX-S current) in cultured trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. Our data show that after hypotonic treatment, TTX-S current was increased. In the presence of hypotonicity, voltage-dependent activation curve shifted to the hyperpolarizing direction, while the voltage-dependent inactivation curve was not affected. Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 receptor (TRPV4) activator increased TTX-S current and hypotonicity-induced increase was markedly attenuated by TRPV4 receptor blockers. We also demonstrate that inhibition of PKC attenuated hypotonicity-induced inhibition, whereas PKA system was not involved in hypotonic-response. We conclude that hypotonic stimulation enhances TTX-S current, which contributes to hypotonicity-induced nociception. TRPV4 receptor and PKC intracellular pathway are involved in the increase of TTX-S current by hypotonicity.
An improved channel coding algorithm for low-frequency spectral suppression (1989)

An improved low-frequency spectral suppression (LOFS) code is introduced and analyzed as a method to suppress low-frequency energy in a digital baseband signal with significantly lower redundancy than required methods. Alternatively, the LOFS code will suppress more energy near DC with a given redundancy when compared to current coding methods, allowing insertion of a pilot tone which leads to a simple unambiguous carrier recovery subsystem that can track system-induced noise. The LOFS code reduces redundancy by adding control bits in word format for multilevel signals, that is, control bits for multiple frames are inserted in one symbol duration. Use of this LOFS code could reduce the redundancy of currently used digital transmission systems from 4% to 1%. Analysis of computer simulations shows that a premodulation high-pass filter, while significantly degrading the uncoded PAM signal, causes little degradation of the coded data and keeps data to pilot interference to a minimum. Experimental hardware results are included to verify simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>