gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Prevalence of Strongyloidiasis: Critical Review with Epidemiologic Insights into the Prevention of Disseminated Disease (1989)

Opportunistic disseminated strongyloidiasis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. However, the worldwide prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis is difficult to determine because adequate data are lacking. In this paper more than 100 epidemiologic studies reporting on the prevalence of S. stercoralis among various populations on five continents are critically reviewed. Analysis of this information indicates that the following groups of people may be at risk: residents of an emigrants from any developing country and southern, eastern, and central Europe; travelers and veterans returning from endemic areas; natives and residents of the Appalachian region in the United States and local endemic areas in other countries; and institutionalized persons. Because disseminated infections may be prevented by early treatment of asymptomatic chronic infections, screening programs are recommended to detect latent S. stercoralis infection before the initiation of chemotherapy or immunosuppression in patients at risk. Serologic tests are sensitive and specific but are not yet widely available. Thus strong suspicion based on clinical and epidemiologic clues in conjunction with repeated stool examinations remains the best way to rule out S. stercoralis infection in these groups.
Synthesis of 8-methyl-1-tetralone, a potential intermediate for ( ± )-platyphyllide (2014)

An alternative method for the synthesis of the 8-methyl-1-tetralone from the commercially available 5-methoxy-1-tetralone has been developed. The transformation involves eight steps and affords an overall yield 25%.
[Inhibitory action of berberine on glucose absorption]. (2003)

Berberine may act as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, which is its main mechanism in diabetes treatment.
Thermal deformations of CSP assembly during temperature cycling and power cycling (2002)

In this paper, thermal deformations of CSP assemblies during temperature cycling and power cycling were investigated using high sensitivity moire interferometry and finite element analysis. To observe the thermal deformations during thermal cycling, a moire test was performed for isothermal loading conditions from 125/spl deg/C to 25/spl deg/C. In the case of power cycling, the actual operating conditions were simulated by using a thermal chip in the package, and the real-time moire interferometry technique was used to measure the steady-state thermal deformation. The results show that the assembly bends in the opposite direction in power cycling as compared to its bending during temperature cycling. In addition, test results obtained from the moire interferometry technique were compared with predicted values obtained from finite element analysis. It is shown that the deformation values predicted from finite element analysis have good agreement with those obtained from the test. The FEM results show that the shear deformations of solder joints are almost same, but the normal deformations are fundamentally different between temperature cycling and power cycling.
Goodness-of-fit tests for discrete and censored data, based on the empirical distribution function (1973)

In this thesis two general problems concerning goodness-of- fit statistics based on the empirical distribution are considered. The first concerns the problem of adapting Kolmogorov-Smirnov type statistics to test for discrete populations. The significance points of the statistics are given and various power comparisons made.

The second problem concerns testing for goodness-of-fit with censored data using the Cramer-von Mises type statistics. The small and large sample distributions are given and the tests are modified so that they can be used to test for the normal and the exponential distributions. The asymptotic theory is developed. Percentage points for the statistics are given and various small sample and large sample power studies are made, for the various cases.
A sub-0.85V, 6.4GBP/S/Pin TX-Interleaved Transceiver with Fast Wake-Up Time Using 2-Step Charging Control and V<inf>OH</inf>Calibration in 20NM DRAM Process (2018)

A sub-0.85V, 6.4Gb/s TX-interleaved transceiver with fast wake-up time using 2-step charging control and a V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OH</inf> calibration scheme is implemented using 20nm DRAM process. Adopting an interleaving scheme based on improved DRAM process, the proposed design operates at lowest supply voltage of 0.83V in DRAM process, and improves pin-efficiency by 30% compared with recent DRAM I/O interfaces. The fast wake-up time level shifter can achieve target switching voltage level without latency increase. And the leakage current by newly adopted transistors can be alleviated using a splitted power gating scheme.
CD8+ CTL from Lungs of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> -Infected Mice Express Perforin In Vivo and Lyse Infected Macrophages (2000)

CD8+ T lymphocytes have been implicated in the protective immune response against human and murine tuberculosis. However, the functional role that this cell subset plays during the resolution of infection remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific CD8+ CTL in the lungs and lung-draining lymph nodes of mice infected with M. tuberculosis via the aerosol or i.v. route. These cells expressed perforin in vivo and specifically recognized and lysed M. tuberculosis-infected macrophages in a perforin-dependent manner after a short period of in vitro restimulation. The efficiency of lysis of infected macrophages was dependent upon the time allowed for interaction between macrophage and M. tuberculosis bacilli. Recognition of infected targets by CD8+ CTL was beta 2-microglobulin and MHC class I dependent and was not CD1d restricted. The presented data indicate that CD8+ T cells contribute to the protective immune response during M. tuberculosis infection by exerting cytotoxic function and lysing infected macrophages.
Dependency Based Automatic Service Composition Using Directed Graph (2009)

In this paper a method of automatic composition plan creation that relies on automatic extraction of dependencies among services is investigated. For automatic dependency extraction our approach makes use of semantic similarities between I/O parameters of services. Extracted I/O dependencies are represented using a directed graph. The approach recognizes when cyclic dependencies exist and proposes a way of dealing with it. Modified topological sorting algorithm is used for the execution plan generation showing execution order of candidate services. A case study is used to explain the proposed approach.
Automatic malware categorization using cluster ensemble (2010)

In this paper, resting on the analysis of instruction frequency and function-based instruction sequences, we develop an Automatic Malware Categorization System (AMCS) for automatically grouping malware samples into families that share some common characteristics using a cluster ensemble by aggregating the clustering solutions generated by different base clustering algorithms. We propose a principled cluster ensemble framework for combining individual clustering solutions based on the consensus partition. The domain knowledge in the form of sample-level constraints can be naturally incorporated in the ensemble framework. In addition, to account for the characteristics of feature representations, we propose a hybrid hierarchical clustering algorithm which combines the merits of hierarchical clustering and k-medoids algorithms and a weighted subspace K-medoids algorithm to generate base clusterings. The categorization results of our AMCS system can be used to generate signatures for malware families that are useful for malware detection. The case studies on large and real daily malware collection from Kingsoft Anti-Virus Lab demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our AMCS system.
FrameMaker 4 : from desktop to print shop (1994)

Introduction to desktop publishing getting acquainted with FrameMaker entering and editing text formatting text page setup using graphics creating tables creating long documents and books tracking your progress equations getting to press. Appendices: glossary of publication terms installation special characters and symbols.
A Framework for Sharing Voluminous Content in P2P Systems. (2004)

Abstract — File-sharing applications remain today the most representative and popular realization of the Peerto-Peer paradigm. Large objects receive an increasing amount of interest in such systems. In this paper, we identify several challenges related to sharing voluminous content such as movies, OS distributions, games, etc, in unstructured Peer-to-Peer networks. We then describe our scheme which adaptively expands or contracts system resources in order to improve the sharing process and achieve a fair load distribution among the providers.
Security analysis of a remote user authentication scheme using smart card (2008)

Chien et al proposed an efficient and practical remote authentication using smart cards. In 2004, Ku et al pointed out that Chien et alpsilas scheme is insecure, and proposed an improved password-based remote user authentication scheme. In this paper, the security of Kupsilas scheme is analyzed. It is demonstrated that Kupsilas scheme still has some weaknesses: it cannot withstand against the parallel session attack; it is vulnerable to the password guessing attacks and another new attack; it cannot resist on changing time stamp attack. It is then concluded that Kupsilas scheme cannot achieve the security requirements as their claims. Based on the analysis, we find all the attacks are happened because of the simple computation of h(c <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> oplus T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">j</sub> ) in all the phases of remote authentication, thus we develop a hyper-complex chaotic hash scheme. It is evidently shown that the security of the improved remote user authentication scheme is efficiently enhanced.
Cartilage Recycling in Rhinoplasty: Polydioxanone Foil as an Absorbable Biomechanical Scaffold (2008)

This technique is both simple and effective. By making maximal use of otherwise discarded cartilage fragments, it protects other graft harvest sites and decreases the incidence of the "graft-depleted" patient.
Near infrared spectroscopy during and after cardiac arrest--preliminary results. (1995)

By showing that low rSO2 readings after cardiac arrest are associated with a higher mortality, this new, non-invasive and easily applicable technique might help to prognosticate outcome and offers new insights into monitoring cerebral oxygenation after cardiac arrest.
The humoral regulation of megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production in vivo. (1986)

We examined the effects of the urinary extracts from aplastic anemia (AA) patients, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, and normal subjects on murine megakaryocyte/platelet production in vivo and in vitro. In the first study, single doses of AA urinary protein (65%-90% ethanol precipitate) were individually injected intraperitoneally into rats and mice. Blood platelet counts in rats increased significantly 24 hours after the injection. Total megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-Meg) in mouse spleens increased by 24 hours postinjection, peaked at 48 hours and returned to normal levels at 96 hours. Changes in the number of megakaryocyte colonies showed similar patterns of increasing, peaking and returning to normal levels postinjection. In the second study, we compared the effects of some urinary extracts on murine megakaryocyte/platelet production. These observations provided the evidence that AA urinary extracts contain a factor that directly stimulates megakaryocyte progenitor cell proliferation in mouse spleen in vivo as well as the release of platelets from megakaryocytes, and ITP urinary extracts do not contain increased levels of Meg-CSF and/or some other factor that directly stimulates CFU-Meg in vivo, and the decreased blood platelet mass that is clinically characteristic of ITP is not a primary in vivo determinant of the elaboration of these factors.
Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate in the Acute Treatment of Migraine Without Aura and Migraine with Aura. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (2002)

Magnesium sulphate has been used in the acute treatment of migraines; some studies found it to be a highly effective medication in the acute control of migraine pain and associated symptoms. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study assesses the effect of magnesium sulphate on the pain and associated symptoms in patients with migraine without aura and migraine with aura. Sixty patients in each group were assigned at random to receive magnesium sulphate, 1000 mg intravenously, or 0.9% physiological saline, 10 ml. We used seven parameters of analgesic evaluation and an analogue scale to assess nausea, photophobia and phonophobia. In the migraine without aura group there was no statistically significant difference in the patients who received magnesium sulphate vs. placebo in pain relief. The analgesic therapeutic gain was 17% and number needed to treat was 5.98 at 1 h. There was also no statistical difference in relief of nausea. We did observe a significant lower intensity of photophobia and phonophobia in patients who received magnesium sulphate. In the migraine with aura group patients receiving magnesium sulphate presented a statistically significant improvement of pain and of all associated symptoms compared with controls. The analgesic therapeutic gain was 36.7% at 1 h. A smaller number of patients continued to have aura in the magnesium sulphate group compared with placebo 1 h after the administration of medication. Our data support the idea that magnesium sulphate can be used for the treatment of all symptoms in migraine with aura, or as an adjuvant therapy for associated symptoms in patients with migraine without aura.
Feedback timing and learners' response confidence on learning english as a foreign language (efl): examining the effects of a computer-based feedback and assessment environment on efl students' language acquisition (taiwan, china) (2004)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between feedback timing and response confidence on learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Feedback timing included immediate feedback (IF) and delayed feedback (DF). Response confidence level (RCL) was a self-reported measure of students' confidence of their answers on a test item; scores ranged from 1 (no confidence) to 5 (100% confidence). A convenience sample of 92 Taiwanese undergraduate students was randomly assigned to one of the feedback groups. Using a researcher-developed computerized lesson-assessment, students were presented a set of 20 questions based on the TOEFL structure section. Students in the IF group received feedback within 5 seconds of responding to each question and recording their RCL. Students in the DF group did not receive any feedback until they responded to all 20 questions and recorded their corresponding RCLs; feedback was then provided item-by-item. In both groups, feedback was a function of students' response (correct or incorrect) and RCL (low or high). A 20-item posttest, which was equivalent to the computerized lesson-assessment, was administered 10 minutes after treatment and then again 1 week later as a delayed posttest (i.e., retention test). MANCOVA results in which the computerized lesson-assessment scores were treated as a covariate revealed no significant feedback timing, RCL, and feedback timing-RCL interaction effects relative to the posttest and retention test. Results from a corresponding MANOVA, which was conducted in the absence of the covariate, revealed a significant RCL effect for the posttest only. Follow-up ANOVA indicated that, independent of feedback timing, students with high RCL for incorrect responses achieved a higher acquisition of English structure learning than students with other RCLs for either incorrect or correct responses. This finding suggests that feedback is effective in helping restructure previously held knowledge for students who are highly confident in their responses but discover that their responses are incorrect.
Enforcement of Temporal Fidelity in Pyramidal Cells by Somatic Feed-Forward Inhibition (2001)

The temporal resolution of neuronal integration depends on the time window within which excitatory inputs summate to reach the threshold for spike generation. Here, we show that in rat hippocampal pyramidal cells this window is very narrow (less than 2 milliseconds). This narrowness results from the short delay with which disynaptic feed-forward inhibition follows monosynaptic excitation. Simultaneous somatic and dendritic recordings indicate that feed-forward inhibition is much stronger in the soma than in the dendrites, resulting in a broader integration window in the latter compartment. Thus, the subcellular partitioning of feed-forward inhibition enforces precise coincidence detection in the soma, while allowing dendrites to sum incoming activity over broader time windows.
What Do We Feed to Food-Production Animals? A Review of Animal Feed Ingredients and Their Potential Impacts on Human Health (2007)

Increased funding for integrated veterinary and human health surveillance systems and increased collaboration among feed professionals, animal producers, and veterinary and public health officials is necessary to effectively address these issues.
A novel motif governs APC-dependent degradation of <i>Drosophila</i> ORC1 in vivo (2005)

Regulated degradation plays a key role in setting the level of many factors that govern cell cycle progression. In Drosophila, the largest subunit of the origin recognition complex protein 1 (ORC1) is degraded at the end of M phase and throughout much of G1 by anaphase-promoting complexes (APC) activated by Fzr/Cdh1. We show here that none of the previously identified APC motifs targets ORC1 for degradation. Instead, a novel sequence, the O-box, is necessary and sufficient to direct Fzr/Cdh1-dependent polyubiquitylation in vitro and degradation in vivo. The O-box is similar to but distinct from the well characterized D-box. Finally, we show that O-box motifs in two other proteins, Drosophila Abnormal Spindle and Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cut2, contribute to Cdh1-dependent polyubiquitylation in vitro, suggesting that the O-box may mediate degradation of a variety of cell cycle factors.
Circulating mRNAs and miRNAs as candidate markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer (2017)

Circulating nucleic acids are found in free form in body fluids and may serve as minimally invasive tools for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Only a few studies have investigated the potential application of circulating mRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in prostate cancer (PCa). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for an in silico analysis to identify circulating mRNA and miRNA as potential markers of PCa. A total of 2,267 genes and 49 miRNAs were differentially expressed between normal and tumor samples. The prediction analyses of target genes and integrative analysis of mRNA and miRNA expression revealed eleven genes and eight miRNAs which were validated by RT-qPCR in plasma samples from 102 untreated PCa patients and 50 cancer-free individuals. Two genes, OR51E2 and SIM2, and two miRNAs, miR-200c and miR-200b, showed significant association with PCa. Expression levels of these transcripts distinguished PCa patients from controls (67% sensitivity and 75% specificity). PCa patients and controls with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤ 4.0 ng/mL were discriminated based on OR51E2 and SIM2 expression levels. The miR-200c expression showed association with Gleason score and miR-200b, with bone metastasis, bilateral tumor, and PSA > 10.0 ng/mL. The combination of circulating mRNA and miRNA was useful for the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa.
Experimental studies on poisoning pocket gophers (1953)

Field and laboratory tests on poisoning the Sacramento Valley pocket gopher (Thomomys bottae navus Merriam) are here reported. Nine poisons (including common and newly discovered rodenticides) and many kinds of bait materials were evaluated, graded dosages of the best poisons were bioassayed, and the effects of season of year, lures, and refrigeration on bait performance were tested.
Changes in corporate organization of the health care system. (1984)

Health care financing has undergone numerous structural changes over the years. Change continues while extreme growth seriously affects the health care focus. The author examines the multiclass system and health financing trends. Restructuring techniques are also discussed.
Understanding and interpreting serum protein electrophoresis. (2005)

Serum protein electrophoresis is used to identify patients with multiple myeloma and other serum protein disorders. Electrophoresis separates proteins based on their physical properties, and the subsets of these proteins are used in interpreting the results. Plasma protein levels display reasonably predictable changes in response to acute inflammation, malignancy, trauma, necrosis, infarction, burns, and chemical injury. A homogeneous spike-like peak in a focal region of the gamma-globulin zone indicates a monoclonal gammopathy. Monoclonal gammopathies are associated with a clonal process that is malignant or potentially malignant, including multiple myeloma, Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, solitary plasmacytoma, smoldering multiple myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, plasma cell leukemia, heavy chain disease, and amyloidosis. The quantity of M protein, the results of bone marrow biopsy, and other characteristics can help differentiate multiple myeloma from the other causes of monoclonal gammopathy. In contrast, polyclonal gammopathies may be caused by any reactive or inflammatory process.
The Biology of disease vectors (1996)

This title focuses on the molecular and populational aspects of the insects (mosquitoes, midges, black flies, etc.) and acarines (ticks and mites) that serve as transmitters (vectors) of disease agents and is designed to stimulate further studies worldwide. Vector-borne diseases continue to be among the most intractable infectious diseases for both humans and livestock, despite a hundred years of research and control efforts. Of the six diseases considered by the World Health Organisation to be the greatest threat to human health, only one is not vector-borne. Progress in alleviating their harmful effects is likely to come through fundamental studies utilising molecular techniques and epidemiological methods that have been developed over the past fifteen years. These methods are discussed in the book. The forty contributors to this volume are leading, active investigators in vectors and the disease agents they transmit.