gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo N-15 MRS study of glutamate metabolism in the rat brain (2016)

In vivo <sup>15</sup>N MRS has made a unique contribution to kinetic studies of the individual pathways that control glutamate flux in the rat brain. This review covers the following topics: (1) the advantages and limitations of in vivo <sup>15</sup>N MRS and its indirect detection through coupled <sup>1</sup>H; (2) kinetic methods; (3) major findings from our and other laboratories in the areas: (a) the uptake of the neurotransmitter glutamate from the extracellular fluid into glia; (b) the metabolism of glutamate to glutamine; (c) glutamine transport to the extracellular fluid; (d) hydrolysis of neuronal glutamine to glutamate; and (e) contribution of transamination from leucine to replenish the glutamate nitrogen. In vivo glutamine synthetase activities measured at several levels of hyperammonemia showed that this enzyme becomes saturated at blood ammonia concentration >0.9 μmol/g, and causes the elevation of brain ammonia. Implications of the results for the cause of hyperammonemic encephalopathy are discussed. Leucine provides >25% of glutamate nitrogen. An intriguing possibility that supplementing leucine may restore cognitive function after brain injury is discussed. Finally, some characteristics of <sup>15</sup>N MRS that may facilitate the future application of this technique to the study of the human brain at 4 or 7 T are described.
Rain Rate Estimation Using Measurements From Commercial Telecommunications Links (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for estimating the rain rate at any given point within a two-dimensional plain using measurements of the received signal level extracted from power control records of an existing deployed fixed wireless communication network. The path-average rainfall intensity along each microwave radio link is estimated from the rainfall-induced attenuation using an empirical relationship. The proposed algorithm consists of appropriate preprocessing of the links data, followed by a modified weighted least squares algorithm to infer on the rain level at any given point in space. The algorithm can be used to interpolate measurements onto a regular grid to construct a two-dimensional rainfall intensity field. The novelty of the proposed estimation method comes from its ability to be applied on an arbitrary geometry network comprising different microwave links lengths and frequencies and allowing easy integration of rain gauge observations into the model to improve estimation accuracy. The technique has been applied to an existing fixed wireless communication network comprising 22 microwave links covering an area of about 15times15 km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and operating at carrier frequencies of about 20 GHz. The resulting rainfall field estimates have been compared to rain gauge stations in the vicinity and to weather radar data, showing good agreement.
Design of ADPLL for both large lock-in range and good tracking performance (1999)

This paper describes a new all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL). The proposed ADPLL contains a frequency offset estimator and a phase-error estimator. Thereby, it can provide both large lock-in range and good tracking performance. Furthermore, it does not suffer severely from the phase jitter due to the quantization effect of the numerically controlled oscillator. In addition to some mathematical performance analysis, various simulation and experimental results are also presented to illuminate further the practical use and the excellent performance of the proposed ADPLL.
Finding maximal k-edge-connected subgraphs from a large graph (2012)

In this paper, we study how to find maximal k-edge-connected subgraphs from a large graph. k-edge-connected subgraphs can be used to capture closely related vertices, and finding such vertex clusters is interesting in many applications, e. g., social network analysis, bioinformatics, web link research. Compared with other explicit structures for modeling vertex clusters, such as quasi-clique, k-core, which only set the requirement on vertex degrees, k-edge-connected subgraph further requires high connectivity within a subgraph (a stronger requirement), and hence defines a more closely related vertex cluster.
Soluble Cytostatic Factor(s) Released from Human Monocytes (1982)

Human monocytes activated with lymphokines after 3-7 days of in vitro maturation released stable cytostatic factor(s) (CF), as determined by reduction of [methyl-3H]thymidine incorporation and cell counts in target cell cultures. Lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli slightly enhanced the release of CF. The CF release was greatest at an intermediate stage of the in vitro monocyte maturation to large, macrophage-like cells. Three transformed human cell lines (NHIK 3025, K-562, and U-20S) and normal skin fibroblasts were consistently inhibited by CF. Normal human mesothelial cells were variably affected, while normal human lymphocytes proliferating in response to allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture were not inhibited. Further analysis of CF may disclose one of the mechanisms whereby human monocytes and macrophages inhibit growth of human tumour cells.
The Basics of a MapReduce Job (2009)

This chapter walks you through what is involved in a MapReduce job. You will be able to write and run simple stand-alone MapReduce programs by the end of the chapter.KeywordsInput FileInput FormatCustom MapperOutput DirectoryInput RecordThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
La recuperación de la información en bases de datos jurídicas: evaluación de Aranzadi y La Ley (2001)

We have the intention to make a qualitative evaluation of four Spanish legal databases incorporated in numerours information centres and produced by two important and prestigious publishing enterprises. We will analyze the information retrieval in each of them evaluating the indexation quality and the characteristics of the software.
Near-infrared LED based non-invasive blood glucose sensor (2014)

Diabetes is a metabolic pathological condition of concern, which affects vital organs of body if not diagnosed and treated on time. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is important to avoid complication of diabetes. Commonly used glucose measurement methods are invasive which generally involves finger puncturing. These methods are painful and frequent pricking cause calluses on the skin and have risk of spreading infectious diseases. Therefore there is need to develop a non-invasive monitoring system which can measure blood glucose continuously without much problem. The present work is focused on development of non-invasive blood glucose measurement sensor system using Near-infrared (NIR) technique. Initially in-vitro glucose measurement prototype is developed using continuous wave (CW) from NIR LED (940 nm) to check the sensitivity of the system for different glucose concentrations. Later a Sensor patch was designed using LED and a photodiode to observe diffused reflectance spectra of blood from the human forearm. Diffused reflectance spectra of the subjects obtained with this technique was also compared with commercially available invasive finger tip gluco-meter. The results are promising and show the potential of using NIR for glucose measurement.
New Constituents with iNOS Inhibitory Activity from Mycelium of<i>Antrodia camphorata</i> (2009)

In continuing our investigation on the bioactive constituents of mycelium of Antrodia camphorata, antroquinonol B (1), 4-acetyl-antroquinonol B (2), 2,3-(methylenedioxy)-6-methylbenzene-1,4-diol (3) and 2,4-dimethoxy-6-methylbenzene-1,3-diol (4) along with antrodin D (5) were isolated by the guidance of an inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitory assay and identified on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis. The effect of these compounds on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophages was further evaluated. Compounds 4 and 5 significantly inhibited NO production without any cytotoxicity, the IC(50) values being 32.2 +/- 0.1 and 26.3 +/- 1.6 microg/mL, respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 possessed greater effects on NO inhibition, with IC(50) values of 16.2 +/- 0.8 and 14.7 +/- 2.8 microg/mL, respectively, but displayed cytotoxicity at considerably higher concentrations. Compound 3 showed the lowest percent cell viability of 45.5 +/- 1.8 % as observed in treated cells at a concentration of 16.8 microg/mL.
THE SAMPLING DISTRIBUTION OF LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM UNDER AN INFINITE ALLELE MODEL WITHOUT SELECTION (1985)

The sampling distributions of several statistics that measure the association of alleles on gametes (linkage disequilibrium) are estimated under a two-locus neutral infinite allele model using an efficient Monte Carlo method. An often used approximation for the mean squared linkage disequilibrium is shown to be inaccurate unless the proper statistical conditioning is used. The joint distribution of linkage disequilibrium and the allele frequencies in the sample is studied. This estimated joint distribution is sufficient for obtaining an approximate maximum likelihood estimate of C = 4Nc, where N is the population size and c is the recombination rate. It has been suggested that observations of high linkage disequilibrium might be a good basis for rejecting a neutral model in favor of a model in which natural selection maintains genetic variation. It is found that a single sample of chromosomes, examined at two loci cannot provide sufficient information for such a test if C less than 10, because with C this small, very high levels of linkage disequilibrium are not unexpected under the neutral model. In samples of size 50, it is found that, even when C is as large as 50, the distribution of linkage disequilibrium conditional on the allele frequencies is substantially different from the distribution when there is no linkage between the loci. When conditioned on the number of alleles at each locus in the sample, all of the sample statistics examined are nearly independent of theta = 4N mu, where mu is the neutral mutation rate.
Lymph and blood supply of the human intervertebral disc: Cadaver study of correlations to discitis (1993)

Immunohistochemical (antibodies against laminin) and histochemical methods (Ulex europaeus lectin, 5'-nucleotidase activity) were used to describe the vascular pattern of human intervertebral discs and the surrounding tissue at different ages. Blood and lymph vessels were found in the connective tissue outside the annulus in all age groups. In the annulus blood vessels and lymphatics were detected up to 20 years of age, in the cartilage end-plate blood vessels appeared up to 7 years of age (cartilage canals). In the nucleus pulposus neither blood nor lymph vessels could be seen at any age. The occurrence of blood and lymph vessels in growing intervertebral discs help us to understand childhood discitis without simultaneous affection of the vertebral body.
Auto white balance system using adaptive color samples for mobile devices (2008)

This paper presents a novel auto white balance (AWB) algorithm for images based on an YCbCr color space. The proposed algorithm divides all the pixels into fourteen groups by Y luminance and CbCr color components. For accuracy, we employ an adaptive color samples that can obtain the sum of the accumulated pixels up to the standard group for estimating a degree of white object’s color changes. The color samples are used for the adjustment of the relative amounts of red, green, and blue primary colors. In order to avoid a field-flicker noise of video streams, the proposed algorithm adopts infinite impulse response (IIR) filters that vary the operating speed of overall AWB system. The performance of the algorithm is also verified by implementing the hardware of the system.
Fe-Al-Ti-O熔体在氧化过程中过渡夹杂物演变的研究 (2014)

通过模拟再氧化环境，研究了再氧化对非金属氧化物夹杂的化学和形态学演变影响。将545×10-6和274×10-6的溶解氧引入铝镇静钢中，Ti含量大约为600×10-6，A1含量大约为600×10-6。结果发现：‘在添加氧含量较高情况下，夹杂物化学组成由Al2O3、Al2TiO5最终演变成Ti6O5，在添加氧含量较低情况下，最终转变成Al—Ti复合氧化物。从形态学上观察，在再氧化过程中，其由不规则夹杂物逐渐被球形所代替，通过耦合热力学预测和试验条件，讨论这些变化，并且考虑了氧和金属元素活度的局部变化。
A framework for managing innovation in higher education: lessons learnt from the UAE iPad initiative (2021)

Purpose Managing educational innovation in higher education institutions is a complex process that requires specific strategies based on research and proven frameworks. The aim of this paper was to examine how Bolman and Deal’s (2003) theoretical framework can be used to analyse organisational change processes and to evaluate the progress and outcomes of an educational innovation initiative at a university in the Gulf. This educational innovation involved the use of iPads in curricular practices to enhance pedagogical strategies and student learning outcomes. Design/methodology/approach An ethnographic case study methodology was used to make an empirical inquiry that investigated data obtained from direct observations, informal interviews, holistic field notes and documents to better understand a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context. Findings A critical analysis of this iPad initiative suggested that the main areas of leading and managing this innovation, through Bolman and Deal’s framework, were effectively centred around the human resources, structural and political frames but were less affected by the symbolic frame. Originality/value The authors provide suggestions, based on their experiences as faculty members and academic administrators, on how such innovations can be effectively led and managed. In addition, a new cross-cultural model is proposed for managing future educational innovations in higher education, particularly in the Gulf region. This new model could also be used to effectively evaluate the implementation and management of other educational changes such as those precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
A Randomized Incremental Subgradient Method for Distributed Optimization in Networked Systems (2009)

We present an algorithm that generalizes the randomized incremental subgradient method with fixed stepsize due to Nedić and Bertsekas [SIAM J. Optim., 12 (2001), pp. 109–138]. Our novel algorithm is particularly suitable for distributed implementation and execution, and possible applications include distributed optimization, e.g., parameter estimation in networks of tiny wireless sensors. The stochastic component in the algorithm is described by a Markov chain, which can be constructed in a distributed fashion using only local information. We provide a detailed convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm and compare it with existing, both deterministic and randomized, incremental subgradient methods.
Trends in the Prescribing of Psychotropic Medications to Preschoolers (2000)

In all 3 data sources, psychotropic medications prescribed for preschoolers increased dramatically between 1991 and 1995. The predominance of medications with off-label (unlabeled) indications calls for prospective community-based, multidimensional outcome studies.
Classifying Code Comments in Java Open-Source Software Systems (2017)

Code comments are a key software component containing information about the underlying implementation. Several studies have shown that code comments enhance the readability of the code. Nevertheless, not all the comments have the same goal and target audience. In this paper, we investigate how six diverse Java OSS projects use code comments, with the aim of understanding their purpose. Through our analysis, we produce a taxonomy of source code comments, subsequently, we investigate how often each category occur by manually classifying more than 2,000 code comments from the aforementioned projects. In addition, we conduct an initial evaluation on how to automatically classify code comments at line level into our taxonomy using machine learning, initial results are promising and suggest that an accurate classification is within reach.
Steryl and Stanyl Esters of Fatty Acids by Solvent-Free Esterification and Transesterification in Vacuo Using Lipases from <i>Rhizomucor miehei</i>, <i>Candida antarctica</i>, and <i>Carica papaya</i> (2001)

Sitostanol has been converted in high to near-quantitative extent to the corresponding long-chain acyl esters via esterification with oleic acid or transesterification with methyl oleate or trioleoylglycerol using immobilized lipases from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme IM) and Candida antarctica (lipase B, Novozym 435) as biocatalysts in vacuo (20-40 mbar) at 80 degrees C, whereas the conversion was markedly lower at 60 and 40 degrees C. Corresponding conversions observed with papaya (Carica papaya) latex lipase were generally lower. High conversion rates observed in transesterification of sitostanol with methyl oleate at 80 degrees C using Lipozyme IM were retained even after 10 repeated uses of the biocatalyst. Saturated sterols such as sitostanol and 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol were the preferred substrates as compared to Delta(5)-unsaturated cholesterol in transesterification reactions with methyl oleate using Lipozyme IM. Transesterification of cholesterol with dimethyl 1,8-octanedioate using Lipozyme IM in vacuo yielded methylcholesteryl 1,8-octanedioate (75%) and dicholesteryl 1,8-octanedioate (5%). However, transesterification of cholesterol with diethyl carbonate and that of oleyl alcohol with ethylcholesteryl carbonate, both catalyzed by Lipozyme IM, gave ethylcholesteryl carbonate and oleylcholesteryl carbonate, respectively, in low yield (20%). Moreover, cholesterol was transesterified with ethyl dihydrocinnamate using Lipozyme IM to give cholesteryl dihydrocinnamate in moderate yield (56%), whereas the corresponding reaction of lanosterol gave lanosteryl oleate in low yield (14%).
Alterations in serum pancreatic elastase 1 content in acute and chronic pancreatitis: comparison with alpha-amylase activity. (1985)

Serum pancreatic elastase 1 content in 45.9% of 203 samples from 32 patients with acute pancreatitis was found to be greatly elevated to greater than 1000 ng/dl, much higher than the control values (90 to 270 ng/dl), whereas serum alpha-amylase activity, in 62.3% of the same samples, was within the control range (100 to 460 IU/L). The increased pancreatic elastase 1 content persisted for several days after serum alpha-amylase activity returned to normal, suggesting that, compared with serum alpha-amylase activity, pancreatic elastase 1 content truly reflects the clinical course of acute pancreatitis. The measurement of pancreatic elastase 1 content appears to be more valuable in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute pancreatitis than that of serum alpha-amylase activity. In 41 patients with chronic pancreatitis, on the other hand, pancreatic elastase 1 content and serum alpha-amylase activity were within the normal range in 38.3% and 56.2% respectively, of 336 samples.
Simulation of the influence of ultrasonic in-plane oscillations on dry friction accounting for stick and creep (2012)

We consider a pair of bodies contacting on an elastic substrate; the distance between the bodies oscillates harmonically at a high frequency. If a horizontal force is applied to the bodies, macroscopic movement starts only after achieving some critical value, which we identify with the static friction force of the oscillating system. The dependence of the static friction force on the oscillation amplitude is simulated numerically using the method of reduction of dimensionality. Results of simulation are compared with experimental data.
Kinetics of heterogeneous nitration in emulsions (1984)

The two-phase nitration of aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied in a model system consisting of a solution of toluene in hexane dispersed as an emulsion in aqueous sulphuric acid, in the concentration range 63–76 wt%. Reaction half-lives were found to range from 400 to 0.4 s over this acid concentration range. The progress of the reaction was monitored by spectrophotometric determination of the nitrotoluenes produced; a stopped-flow apparatus was used for the faster runs. The experimental results are compared with those calculated from a theoretical model. The aqueous acid phase around each organic droplet is subdivided into a number of concentric spherical shells. The change in the amount of toluene in each shell owing to diffusion in and out and to reaction is calculated for a large number of short time intervals, during each one of which the concentration is assumed constant. Good agreement between theoretical and experimental results is obtained except for the fastest runs. For these, diffusion is faster than predicted for stagnant conditions, showing that stirring is occurring within 1 µm of the liquid/liquid interface.
Densification and Mechanical Properties of Spark Plasma Sintered B <sub>4</sub> C with Si as a Sintering Aid (2010)

B 4 C ceramics doped with different Si contents were fabricated by the spark plasma sintering technique. Pure B 4 C ceramic could be densified to 99% of the theoretical density. The sinterability could be further improved by the addition of a small amount of Si due to the formation of liquid Si during sintering. The incorporation of Si could also remarkably increase the mechanical properties of B 4 C ceramics. The Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the sample with 8 wt% Si could reach 41.8 GPa, 640 MPa, and 6.1 MPa·m 1/2 . The improvement in hardness and strength was attributed to grain refinement. Crack deflection due to the thermal expansion mismatch between the B 4 C and SiC was found to be the main toughening mechanism.
El papel del director financiero. (1996)

Parece haber pocos desacuerdos con respecto a los peligros del crecimiento por la mera via de las adquisiciones acompanadas del redimensionamiento de la empresa. Es necesario abandonar la mentalidad del dinero facil de los primeros anos 80 y retornar a los fundamentos del crecimiento integral.
[High intensity focused ultrasound combined with endocrine therapy in treating prostate cancer]. (2005)

HIFU combined with endocrine therapy is effective in the treatment of prostate canc-
Positron lifetime studies of free volume hole size distribution in glassy polycarbonate and polystyrene (1996)

Positron lifetime spectroscopy has been applied to estimate the free volume hole size distribution in polycarbonate (PC) and in polystyrene (PS) at room temperature. The hole radius density distributions are determined from the ortho-positronium lifetime distributions obtained via a Laplace inversion of the measured positron lifetime spectra. The hole volume density distributions and the number density distributions of holes are estimated from the hole radius density distributions. All of the distributions may be well approximated by single Gaussians. The hole radius and the hole number density distributions have centres 〈rf〉 and 〈vfn〉 at 0.29 nm and 0.1 nm3 in PC, and 0.28 nm and 0.09 nm3 in PS. The FWHM of the corresponding distributions are 0.042 nm and 0.040 nm3 (PC), and 0.039 nm and 0.34 nm3 (PS), respectively. Both, the shape and the width of the distributions correlate well with the free volume theory of Bueche. The possible influence of different effects, such as a nonspherical shape of holes and a scanning of several holes by positronium before annihilation, on the mean hole size and the hole size distribution as detected by the positron lifetime method is finally discussed.
Arts Integration (2012)

Arts integration has been a popular topic for many years. Music educators often find arts integration to be challenging, because it requires a great deal of time, necessitates collaboration with other teachers, and can unfortunately promote bias of one subject over another. However, integrating music with other subjects can offer many benefits to both students and teachers. Music educators can overcome some of the challenges of arts integration and effectively integrate other subjects by engaging in integration activities in smaller stages, seeking opportunities to integrate other subjects to enhance learning in the music classroom, involving colleagues in the music curriculum, and channeling their creativity.