gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The maturation of antibody technology for the HIV epidemic (2014)

Antibodies are one of our most useful biological tools. Indeed, improvements in antibody-based technologies have ushered in a new era of antibody-based therapeutics, research and diagnostic tools. Although improved technologies have led to the development of therapeutic antibodies for treatment of malignancies and inflammatory conditions, the use of advanced antibody technology in the therapy of viral infections is in its infancy. Non-human primate studies have demonstrated that antibodies against the HIV envelope can both prevent viral infection and control viremia. Despite the obvious potential of antibody therapies against HIV, there remain limitations in production and purification capacity that require further research. Recent advances in recombinant antibody technology have led to the development of a range of novel antibody fragments, such as single-domain nanobodies and bispecific antibodies, that are capable of targeting cancer cells to cytotoxic T cells. Novel antibody production techniques have also been designed, allowing antibodies to be obtained from non-mammalian cells, bovine colostrum and the periplasm and cytoplasm of bacteria. These advances may allow large-scale production of HIV antibodies that are capable of protecting against HIV infection or serving as therapeutics that reduce the need for life-long antiretroviral treatment. This review summarises recent advances in antibody-based technologies and discusses the possibilities and challenges of using these advances to design prophylactics and therapeutics against HIV.
Effects of Adriamycin on the Radiation Response of Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cells (1976)

The effects of adriamycin on radiation response of murine hematopoietic stem cells are studied using the spleen colony technique. Doses of adriamycin causing little cell kill did not affect the radiation survival curve. When dosage sufficient to result in 35% survival (0.8 mg) was given, the shoulder of the radiation survival curve disappeared without any change in the D0. When tested using divided doses of radiation, repair was not inhibited. Further, the trough seen in controls when the two doses of radiation were separated by 8-12 hr was not seen in the adriamycin-treated group. In fact, with these fractionation schemes survival in the presence of the drug was greater than in its absence.
Microwave detected, microwave-optical double resonance of NH3, NH2D, NHD2, and ND3. II. Predissociation dynamics of the <i>Ã</i> state (1995)

Using microwave detected, microwave-optical double resonance, we have measured the homogeneous linewidths of individual rovibrational transitions in the Ã state of NH3, NH2D, NHD2, and ND3. We have used this excited state spectroscopic data to characterize the height of the dissociation barrier and the mechanisms by which the molecule uses its excess vibrational and rotational energies to help overcome this barrier. To interpret the observed vibronic widths, a one dimensional, local mode potential has been developed along a N–H(D) bond. These calculations suggest the barrier height is roughly 2100 cm−1, approximately 1000 cm−1 below the ab initio prediction. The observed vibronic dependence of levels containing two or more quanta in ν2 is explained by a Fermi resonance between 2ν2 and the N–H(D) stretch. This interaction also explains the observed trends due to isotopic substitution. The rotational enhancement of the predissociation rates in the NH3 21 level is dominated by Coriolis coupling while for the same level in ND3, centrifugal effects dominate.
Configurational diffusion of coal macromolecules (1990)

The objective of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of hindered diffusion of coal macromolecules in idealized porous media. Tasks include: (1) construction a diffusion cell with ideal pore structure for determination of diffusion coefficients. (2) Preparation/characterization of ideal porous membranes. (3) Perform model compound experiments to calibrate and test diffusion apparatus and methodology. (4) Preparation/characterization of coal macromolecules. (5) Data analysis to evaluate the diffusional behavior of coal macromolecules. 8 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.
An integrated optical waveguide isolator based on multimode interference by wafer direct bonding (2005)

An integrated waveguide optical isolator based on multimode interference (MMI) by wafer direct bonding has been studied. It was found that wafer direct bonding between InP and Gd/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (GGG) is effective for the integration of a waveguide optical isolator. The isolation ratio was found to be 2.9 dB in the proposed device.
Synthesis and Properties of New Organic Electroluminescent Materials of the Distyrylarylene Derivatives Containing N-hexyl Carbazole and Phenothiazine Structures (2009)

Distyrylarylene derivative is one of the most promising blue OLED materials with good film forming ability and high thermal stability.Two compounds were synthesized by introducing the conjugated groups to the distyrylarylene backbone by using Wittig-Horner reactions.Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H NMR,IR,MS and EA analyses,and the properties were investigated by UV,PL,TGA,DSC,PLM and XRD analyses.The results showed that(1) two compounds emitted strong fluorescence,and the emitting strength of the compound with phenothiazine structure was stronger than that with carbazole structure;(2) the compounds possessed high thermal stability;(3) the compounds had good solubility in organic solvents and film forming ability,which was advantaged for OLED device fabrication using spin-coating method;(4) the compound containing phenothiazine groups exhibited a Smectic A liquid crystalline phase under hot-stage PLM.
An improved method for the synthesis of .alpha.-diazo ketones (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved method for the synthesis of .alpha.-diazo ketonesRick L. Danheiser, Raymond F. Miller, Ronald G. Brisbois, and Saung Z. ParkCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 6, 1959–1964Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00293a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00293a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6803Altmetric-Citations221LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of risk factors associated with recurrence of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. (2010)

The significant predictors of recurrence in our study were age at diagnosis, tumour size, and Radkowski classification.
Evaluation of pulsed fast-atom bombardment ionization for increased sensitivity of tandem mass spectrometry (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of pulsed fast-atom bombardment ionization for increased sensitivity of tandem mass spectrometryR. E. Tecklenburg, M. E. Castro, and D. H. RussellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 2, 153–159Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00177a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00177a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inverse Numerical Acoustics of a Truck Engine (2003)

Source identification applied to a truck engine and using inverse numerical acoustics is presented. The approach is based on acoustic transfer vectors (ATV) and truncated singular value decomposition (SVD). Acoustic transfer vectors are arrays of transfer functions between surface normal velocity and acoustic pressure at response points. They can be computed using boundary element methods (indirect, direct or multi-domain direct formulations) or finite element methods (in physical or modal coordinates). Regularization techniques such as the so-called L-curve approach are used to identify the optimum SVD truncation. To increase the reliability of the source identification, the approach can use velocity measurements on the boundary surface as well as the standard nearfield pressure measurements. It also allows for linear or spline interpolation of the acoustic transfer vectors in the frequency domain, to increase computational speed. In the example shown, the nearfield pressures were acquired using an antenna, at different frequencies and RPMs. In order to check the accuracy of the proposed approach, additional mid-field pressure measurements were performed. The measurements are compared to the re-computed field and a good agreement is found.
Rhodotorulic acid, a diketopiperazine dihydroxamic acid with growth-factor activity. I. Isolation and characterization (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRhodotorulic acid, a diketopiperazine dihydroxamic acid with growth-factor activity. I. Isolation and characterizationCurtis L. Atkin and J. B. NeilandsCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 10, 3734–3739Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00850a054https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00850a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Architectures of situated communicators: From perception to cognition to learning (2006)

A characteristic feature of intelligent systems is the interaction of numerous processes in areas as perception, attention control, sensori-motor interaction, memory, reasoning, or speech understanding. While in the past the primary goal in building artificial cognitive systems was to realize a suitable number of respective partial functions, the focus in this area has recently shifted more and more towards investigating overall architectures for integrating a large number of heterogeneous partial skills to make them interact intelligently. The development of such architectural concepts is one of the main goals of the Bielefeld Collaborative Research Center (CRC) 360 Situated Artificial Communicators. In this contribution, results for three partial demonstrators are presented, which focus on three central aspects of system integration: perception, cognition, and learning. These demonstrators have also been combined and work on a realistic level of complexity. Consequently, we believe that the concepts developed can contribute essentially to the research on architectures of artificial cognitive systems.
One<i>F</i>-Octyl versus Two<i>F</i>-Butyl Chains in Surfactant Aggregation Behavior (2013)

An easy synthetic procedure in two or three steps from perfluoroalkylethyl iodide derivatives led to six novel fluorinated carboxylates monomeric and gemini surfactants with one or two hydrophobic tails, respectively: RF(C2H4)CH(CO2(-))2,2Na(+) and [RF(C2H4)]2C(CO2(-)),Na(+), where RF = C4F9, C6F13, and C8F17. These anionic surfactants exhibited very low surface tension from 15 to 33 mN/m as well as low critical micelle concentration until 1.3 × 10(-4) mol/L. Furthermore, the surface properties of the gemini compound with two short fluoroalkyl chains (RF = C4F9) were found to be almost equal to those of the monomeric surfactant with one long fluoroalkyl chain (RF = C8F17), which could provide an interesting alternative to the bioaccumulative long-chain perfluorinated surfactant.
Surface and subsurface irrigation with effluents of different qualities and presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in soil and on crops (2002)

A large variety of human pathogens are excreted in wastewater including bacteria, viruses, protozoan cysts and helminth eggs. In raw sewage, human pathogens reach high numbers, thereafter decreasing successively at each treatment step. However, the final effluents still contain a large fraction of these pathogens that may pose a serious public health. Among the various crops irrigated with effluents, vegetables are the most vulnerable to contamination. Vegetables, usually eaten raw (uncooked) or with rich dressings (causing regrowth of some pathogenic bacteria) pose the main threat to humans. The importance of microbiological and parasitological criteria for reused water has been repeatedly emphasized. Some microbiological recommendations based on epidemiological data have been established for untreated wastewater, there is still a need to define the criteria for effluent quality required for unrestricted crop irrigation. This paper presents a field study comparison of two irrigation methods: surface and subsurface of field crops (mainly vineyard) and follow-up of Cryptosporidium oocysts in soil at different depths (0 to 90 cm). Oocysts were isolated at all depths without a clear pattern of distribution (0 to 640 oocysts/g). In addition different vegetables irrigated with different effluent qualities were tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts and Giardia cysts. The highest prevalence of oocysts was found on zucchini that has a sticky and hairy outer surface (80 to 10,000 oocysts/0.5 kg).
Organosilane polymers: Synthesis and photochemical and photophysical behavior of poly[dimethyl‐co‐methyl(1‐naphthyl)silylene] (1986)

Abstract A meltable, partially crystalline silane copolymer, PSN, containing dimethylsilylene and methyl(1‐naphthyl) silylene units was synthesized and characterized. The polymer has a high molecular weight, is appreciably soluble in common solvents and is photoactive. The emission properties of PSN, under stationary and nonstationary conditions, were studied in dilute THF solution. PSN is the first organosilane polymer showing an intense intramolecular excimer emission in addition to monomer and intramolecular charge transfer (CT) fluorescence. It is shown that the ratio of excimer to monomer fluorescence can be used to monitor the UV induced degradation of the polymer.
Real‐space mapping of exciton wave function in a GaAs quantum dot by near‐field optical imaging spectroscopy (2003)

Abstract We describe near‐field photoluminescence imaging spectroscopy of a single naturally occurring GaAs quantum dot in a narrow quantum well. A spatial mapping of the center‐of‐mass wave function of the exciton state in the quantum dot is demonstrated due to the realization of a high spatial resolution (30 nm) of imaging spectroscopy and the selection of a large quantum dot (100 nm). We observe an elongation along the [110] crystal axis of the wave function in the exciton state.
CA184-095: A randomized, double-blind, phase III trial to compare the efficacy of ipilimumab (Ipi) versus placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic patients (pts) with metastatic chemotherapy-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (2013)

TPS5093 Background: Globally, docetaxel remains the standard of care for metastatic CRPC; however, its use may be delayed until pts develop symptoms. The presence of infiltrating leukocytes in CRPC tumors suggests a natural antitumor immune response is occurring. This is supported by an overall survival (OS) benefit reported in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic CRPC who received sipuleucel-T. Ipi, a monoclonal antibody that binds CTLA-4, augments antitumoral activity of cytotoxic immune cells. Ipi demonstrated OS benefit in two phase III trials for advanced melanoma, with side effects that were managed using product-specific treatment guidelines. In phase I/II trials in metastatic CRPC, Ipi has shown clinical activity (as measured by prostate-specific antigen [PSA] declines and RECIST response) with a similar toxicity profile to that observed in melanoma. This global (149 sites in 24 countries) phase III study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01057810) evaluates Ipi vs placebo in chemotherapy-naïve pts with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic CRPC without visceral metastases. Methods: The primary endpoint is OS; secondary endpoints include progression-free survival, time to pain progression, time to non-hormonal systemic therapy and safety characterization. The study is designed to detect a 9.3-month median difference (HR=0.7) in OS with 90% power and 0.05 two-sided significance. Pts are randomized at a 2:1 ratio to receive Ipi 10 mg/kg every 3 weeks for up to 4 doses or placebo as induction therapy. Eligible pts will receive maintenance therapy of blinded study drug every 12 weeks. The accrual goal is 600 pts randomized. Clinical trial information: NCT01057810. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
Abstract 1110: Inhibition of histone deacetylase induces miR-320-mediated androgen receptor suppression in prostate cancer (2016)

Abstract Targeting androgen receptor (AR) by pharmacological intervention is one of the effective approaches for treatment of malignant prostate cancers. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) alters epigenetic status of tumor-associated genes, including microRNAs (miRNAs), and affects the behavior of cancers. Here we examined molecular effects of a HDAC inhibitor, OBP-801, on AR expression and tumor cell growth in prostate cancers. Treatment of OBP-801 efficiently suppressed cell growth of three prostate cancer lines (22Rv1, VCaP, and LNCaP), together with AR downregulation, regardless of their hormone sensitivity. Intriguingly, this effect by OBP-801 is not due to downregulation of transcriptional activity of the AR gene, but due to post-transcriptional regulation, namely miRNA-mediated suppression. Among the upregulated miRNAs after OBP-801 treatment in three prostate cancer cell lines, miR-320a, of which expression was significantly correlated with prognosis of prostate cancers (P = 0.0185), was the most closely associated with AR expression. miR-320a mimic suppressed AR protein expression together with growth suppression, while anti-miR320a significantly abrogated the growth suppression by OBP-801 treatment. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis revealed that miR-320a was highly expressed in human normal prostate luminal cells but rarely expressed in prostate cancer cells. In AR-dependent prostate tumorigenic rat model, OBP-801 treatment profoundly increased the miR-320 expression and repressed prostate tumorigenesis. Our data demonstrated that OBP-801 effectively suppressed AR activity via epigenetic upregulation of miR-320a, which resulted in tumor cell growth suppression of prostate cancers. OBP-801 may be a potent drug as an AR targeting therapy in AR positive prostate cancer regardless of androgen dependency. Citation Format: Shinya Sato, Keisuke Katsushima, Keiko Shinjo, Satoru Takahashi, Yutaka Kondo. Inhibition of histone deacetylase induces miR-320-mediated androgen receptor suppression in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1110.
Performance Variability and Project Dynamics (2004)

We present a dynamical theory of complex cooperative projects such as large engineering design or software development efforts, comprised of concurrent and interrelated tasks. The model accounts for temporal fluctuations both in task performance and in the interactions between related tasks. We show that as the system size increases, so does the average completion time. Also, for fixed system size, the dynamics of individual project realizations can exhibit large deviations from the average when fluctuations increase past a threshold, causing long delays in completion times. This effect is in agreement with empirical observations, and can be mitigated by arranging projects in a hierarchical or modular structure.
Analysis of threshold current density of CdZnSe/ZnSSe strained well lasers (1993)

The threshold current density (Jth) of blue-green CdZnSe/ZnSSe strained quantum well lasers is analysed using the laser theory established for III-V semiconductor lasers. Very good agreement between theory and the reported experimental Jth values is obtained over a wide temperature range from 77 to 273 K. The optimal Cd composition of a CdZnSe single quantum well active layer for obtaining a low Jth value at room temperature is in the range 0.25–0.30.
Mouse mammary tumor virus genes: Regulation of expression by glucocorticoids and structural analysis with restriction endonucleases (1978)

The production of mouse mammary tumor virus (MTV) is stimulated by treatment of mammary carcinoma cells with glucocorticoid hormones (e.g., dexamethasone). The reaction appears to be a primary and receptor-mediated phenomenon in which the rate of synthesis of MTV RNA is selectively increased; the maximally induced rate is reached within 15 min after addition of the hormone. Production of MTV RNA is also stimulated by dexamethasone in some but not all clonal isolates of nonmurine cells infected by the virus. Using restriction endonucleases, we have characterized both integrated and unintegrated viral DNA from clones of infected rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. We suggest that the site(s) in the rat cell genome into which MTV DNA integrates may be a determining factor for MTV RNA synthesis.
The Solution of a Certain Polynomial Equation (1967)

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