gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Aliphatic Alcohols and Organic Solvents on Reactions Catalyzed by 5-Hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate Synthetase (1971)

Abstract 5-Hydroxy-N-methylpyroglutamate synthetase (HMPG synthetase) catalyzes hydrolysis and acyl transfer reactions with δ-substituted α-ketoglutarates, presumably through the formation of an α-ketoglutaryl enzyme intermediate. With α-ketoglutaramate as the substrate, maximal velocities of 18, 26, and 36 are observed for acyl transfer to water, methylamine, and ethanolamine, respectively. The corresponding maximal velocities with ethyl α-ketoglutarate as the acyl donor are 19, 38, and 68. These results suggest that both acylation and deacylation are partially rate limiting for reactions involving α-ketoglutaramate and ethyl α-ketoglutarate. Aliphatic alcohols increase the rate of hydrolysis of α-ketoglutaramate and ethyl α-ketoglutarate. These rate accelerations increase with increasing chain length of the alcohol until a maximal value is reached and are interpreted as a specific effect on the rate of deacylation of the acyl enzyme. Based on this assumption, the rate of transfer of the acyl group from the enzyme to water, to methylamine, and to ethanolamine has been calculated and found to be independent on the nature of the acyl donor. In contrast to the effects observed on hydrolysis, aliphatic alcohols act as competitive inhibitors with respect to amines in acyl transfer reactions and thus provide evidence for an amine-binding site on the enzyme. Organic solvents increase both hydrolysis and transfer reactions involving amines; however, these effects can be distinguished from those of alcohols by several kinetic criteria.
Multi-Scale Fractal and Correlation Signatures for Image Screening and Natural Clutter Suppression (1989)

The fractal and correlation signatures of grayscale imagery are used to distinguish man-made areas of activity from natural background in surveillance imagery. The signatures are generated via computation of generalized dimensions as a function of scale and space. Image screening and natural clutter suppression methods can exploit the behavior of fractal and correlation signatures for generic geometric objects versus the predictable fractal behavior of natural backgrounds. Several different image screening methods have been investigated, using these multi-scale signatures to eliminate large areas of natural terrain from consideration and to cue image analysts to areas of interest.
In-situ Pressure Measurements Using Raman Microspectroscopy in a Rolling Elastohydrodynamic Contact (2001)

The physical conditions (pressure, shear stress, temperature) generated in an elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contact are the main parameters governing the evolution of the physico-chemical properties of the lubricant within the contact. This paper presents in-situ measurements of pressure in an EHD point contact using Raman microspectroscopy. Two model lubricants are studied: a pure polyphenyl ether (5P4E) oil and a mixture of this oil with a liquid crystal. The influence of load and speed on the pressure distributions is investigated. The Petrusevich pressure spike is measured and its evolution with the operating parameters is in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The addition of the liquid crystal to the base oil leads to an important diminution of the mixture viscosity, and consequently of the film thickness in the contact. The different rheological properties of the lubricants induce significant variations of the pressure profiles.
The Relationship Between Vegetative Nervous System Tonus On Mobilization of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Patients with Acute Psychotic or Anxiety Disorders. (2015)

It is well known that hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) circulate under steady-state conditions at detectable levels in peripheral blood (PB), with their numbers increasing in response to stress, inflammation, and tissue and organ injury. Tonus of vegetative nervous system regulates mobilization of HSPCs into PB. To assess the relationship between catecholamines concentration in PB and levels of circulating HSPCs in patients suffering from acute psychosis and anxiety disorders. We enrolled 30 unrelated individuals with the first-episode psychosis and 30 patients suffering from acute anxiety disorders, and 35 ethnic- and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Mobilization of HSPCs was evaluated by 1) FACS to enumerate the number of stem cells in PB, 2) functional in vitro assays to detect the number of CFU-GM and BFU-E clonogenic progenitors circulating in PB. In parallel we measured level of adrenaline, norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine in PB serum. We did not observe any significant differences in the numbers of circulating stem cells, as well as clonogenic BFU-E and CFU-GM between normal controls and psychotic patients and patients with anxiety disorders. In particular number of circulating in PB HSPCs was not affected by increased level of adrenaline, norepinephrine and dopamine in patients with psychosis. Our data argue against an effect of enhanced vegetative nervous system tone on the number of HSPCs circulating in PB in humans.
ATM‐based wireless broadband access in the local loop (2001)

Abstract Broadband networks using wireless transmission techniques are a quick and flexible means of implementing subscriber access. Unoccupied frequency bands with sufficient bandwidth to allow the transmission of digital signals at very high bit rates are found only in the microwave bands. Because the path loss is fairly high at these frequencies, the diameter of radio cells is limited to a maximum of a few kilometres. This results in a microcellular system, which is best implemented in the form of a point‐to‐multipoint system, where one radio‐base station serves all subscribers registered in that radio cell. An interactive, broadband, ATM‐based radio local loop has undergone successful trials in Munich. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Spectral Sensitivity of Light-induced Leaf Movements (1960)

Journal Article The Spectral Sensitivity of Light-induced Leaf Movements Get access M. HOLDSWORTH M. HOLDSWORTH University college of Ghana Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Experimental Botany, Volume 11, Issue 1, February 1960, Pages 40–44, https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/11.1.40 Published: 01 February 1960 Article history Received: 03 April 1959 Published: 01 February 1960
Down regulation of Coasy, the gene associated with NBIA-VI, reduces Bmp signalling, perturbs dorso-ventral patterning and alters neuronal development in zebrafish (2017)

Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders are a set of clinically analogous neurological diseases characterized by neuropathology of the basal gaglia with iron deposition (Levi and Finazzi, 2015). Patients display pyramidal and extrapyramidal movement disruption as well as cognitive decline. Mutations in 12 genes have been shown to cause NBIA and each protein has a seemingly disparate cellular function. Mutations in Pantothenate kinase 2 and Coenzyme A synthase (COASY), two genes involved in CoA biosynthesis, are among these 12 genes. While mutations in PANK2 account for 35-50% of all NBIA cases, those in COASY are extremely rare, and only 3 independent cases have been identified until now. Even though several animal models have been generated to facilitate investigation of these disease mechanisms, the molecular processes by which defects in CoA biogenesis lead to neurodegeneration is not fully understood yet. To shed new light onto the molecular link connecting COASY defects to neural mulfuntioning we investigated the role of the coasy. gene in zebrafish development. The gene has high level of sequence identity with the human ortholog and is ubiquitously expressed from the earliest stages of development. The abrogation of its expression led to strong reduction of CoA content, high lethality and a phenotype resembling to that of dorsalized mutants. Lower doses of morpholino resulted in a milder phenotype, with evident perturbation in neurogenesis and formation of vascular arborization; the dorso-ventral patterning was severely affected, the expression of bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) receptors and activity were decreased, while cell death increased. These features specifically correlated with the block in CoA biosynthesis and were rescued by the addition of CoA to fish water and the overexpression of the human wild-type, but not mutant gene. These results confirm the absolute requirement for adequate levels of CoA for proper neural and vascular development in zebrafish and point to the Bmp pathway as a possible molecular connection underlining the observed phenotype.
Gallbladder Visualization on Hepatic Artery Pert u si on Scintigraphy (1987)

Hepatric artery perfusion scintigraphy can be used to verify the position of catheters used to deliver intrahepatic chemotherapy in the treatment of liver metastases. Determination of extrahepatic perfusion is important in minimizing side effects of chemotherapy. The case presented here illustrates perfusion of the gallbladder, with correlation by other imaging modalities.
One-sampling rebreathing method to measure diffusing capacity for CO. (1987)

To simplify the rebreathing method to obtain the pulmonary diffusing capacity for CO (DLCO), a one-sampling method was developed, combined with a simulation technique. The change in CO fraction in rebreathing air depends on the rebreathing volume (VRB), the dead space volume (VD), the gas volume in the lung-bag-system (VS) as well as the DLCO: Using the measured VRB, VD, and Vs, the changes in CO fraction in bag and alveolar air were simulated by varying the DLCO, where the expired and inspired gas volumes Were represented by a sinusoidal function of time. The DLCO was determined by checking the similarity between the simulated and measured CO fractions at the 7th expiratory period. To confirm the validity of the simulation method, two-sampling rebreathing and single breath methods were additionally carried out in 6 normal subjects in the sitting position. The DLCO measured by the simulation agreed well with that measured simultaneously by the two-sampling method. The DLCO measured by this method was also compatible with that obtained from the single breath method, when the dead space was excluded from the measured lung gas volume.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Photocatalytically Active Pure Brookite TiO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films (2018)

Brookite is the least investigated phase of TiO2 due to the synthetic difficulty of obtaining the pure phase. Here, we present the first ever chemical vapor deposition synthesis of pure brookite TiO2 thin films. The films were highly crystalline and phase pure as determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed the films to have a structured morphology consisting of pyramidal features. The photocatalytic properties of the brookite film, tested using stearic acid under UVA (365 nm) irradiation, were superior to both an anatase film grown under similar conditions and NSG Activ glass. Transient absorption spectroscopy showed that the innate electron–hole recombination dynamics are similar in brookite and anatase, akin to previous reports. The superior activity of the brookite film is hence attributed to the higher surface area compared to anatase.
Dynamics of liquid metal jets penetrating a strong magnetic field in high-power colliders (2002)

One very important problem of future high-power colliders, such as the muon collider, is to create an effective and reliable target system that is able to withstand a harsh environment and generate effective high-flux muon beams. Liquid metal jets (pulsed or continuous) are proposed as potential target candidates. Such a proposal poses two critical problems: penetration of a free liquid jet inside the required strong inhomogeneous magnetic field (20 T) and the fragmentation of liquid due to the intense sudden heating by the proton beam and the resultant magnetohydrodynamic instabilities. In this study,, we analyzed the dynamic motion of a free liquid metal jet entering a strong inhomogeneous field by using a new two-dimensional numerical model implemented in the HEIGHTS package for arbitrary jet parameters.
Evaluation of Interfacial Properties for Carbon Fiber/ Polyamide Model Composites by Means of Single Fiber Pull-Out Test (2009)

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTP) have a lot of attention for their application to mass-produced-cars. While large amount of process and material data are available for carbon fiber reinforced thermoset composites (CFRP), CFRTP dose not have enough data in manufacturing process and mechanical properties compared with CFRP. Polyamide 6 (PA6) resin is expected to the matrix of CFRTP because of its low cost, good bonding to the carbon fiber, and good moldability. In order to establish design criteria and life assessment of carbon fiber reinforced PA6 resin composite, quantitative assessment of the environmental influence on the fiber/matrix interfacial strength is needed. The single fiber pull-out test was carried out to investigate the influence of water absorption on the interfacial shear strength of PAN-based carbon fiber/polyamide 6 composites. The interfacial shear strength was 38.3MPa for dry specimen, and those of one day and one week wet specimens are 22.9 and 11.3MPa, respectively. Water absorption test was carried out in distilled water at 80°C. The fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength was severely decreased by water absorption. Dry and one day wet specimens were fractured by adhesive failure with interfacial crack. For one week wet specimens, fracture morphology was divided into two groups. For most of one week wet specimens, the crack propagated in the matrix near the fiber/matrix interface. For two of them, the crack propagated in the interface. From this difference of the fracture morphology, process of water absorption to the pull-out specimen is considered as follows. The water absorbed through the interface and degraded the interfacial shear strength. Then, absorbed water diffuse to the resin and the resin was degraded.
Calcium Is a Cofactor of Polymerization but Inhibits Pyrophosphorolysis by the <i>Sulfolobus solfataricus</i> DNA Polymerase Dpo4 (2006)

Y-Family DNA polymerase IV (Dpo4) from Sulfolobus solfataricus serves as a model system for eukaryotic translesion polymerases, and three-dimensional structures of its complexes with native and adducted DNA have been analyzed in considerable detail. Dpo4 lacks a proofreading exonuclease activity common in replicative polymerases but uses pyrophosphorolysis to reduce the likelihood of incorporation of an incorrect base. Mg(2+) is a cofactor for both the polymerase and pyrophosphorolysis activities. Despite the fact that all crystal structures of Dpo4 have been obtained in the presence of Ca(2+), the consequences of replacing Mg(2+) with Ca(2+) for Dpo4 activity have not been investigated to date. We show here that Ca(2+) (but not Ba(2+), Co(2+), Cu(2+), Ni(2+), or Zn(2+)) is a cofactor for Dpo4-catalyzed polymerization with both native and 8-oxoG-containing DNA templates. Both dNTP and ddNTP are substrates of the polymerase in the presence of either Mg(2+) or Ca(2+). Conversely, no pyrophosphorolysis occurs in the presence of Ca(2+), although the positions of the two catalytic metal ions at the active site appear to be very similar in mixed Mg(2+)/Ca(2+)- and Ca(2+)-form Dpo4 crystals.
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase of the malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae. (1985)

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1, purine nucleoside:orthophosphate ribosyltransferase) was purified and characterized from the malarial parasite, Plasmodium lophurae, using a chromatofocusing (Pharmacia) column and a formycin B affinity column. The apparent isoelectric point of the native protein, as determined by chromatofocusing, was 6.80. By gel filtration and both native and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the native enzyme appeared to be a pentamer with a native molecular weight of 125,300 and a subunit molecular weight of 23,900. The enzyme had a broad pH optimum, pH 5.5-7.5, with maximum activity at pH 6.0-6.5. The enzyme reaction was readily reversible with a Km for inosine of 33 microM and a Km for hypoxanthine of 82 microM. Thioinosine, guanosine, and guanine were also substrates for the plasmodial enzyme, but allopurinol and adenine were not. The parasite enzyme was competitively inhibited by formycin B (Ki = 0.39 microM). Formycin A, azaguanine, and 8-aminoguanosine were not inhibitors of the enzyme.
Abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer at a specialty center (2001)

In patients with cancer of the lower one-third of the rectum, sharp pelvic dissection can result in a low rate of local recurrence even without radiotherapy. The role of preoperative radiotherapy, although associated with higher perineal wound complications, is important in increasing resectability and sphincter-preservation rate. Randomized, prospective trials will be needed to establish the role of adjuvant radiotherapy in patients undergoing sharp mesorectal excision for rectal cancer.
312. Urea and related compounds. Part V. Some sulphenylthioureas (1958)

F. Kurzer and W. Tertiuk, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 1571 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580001571
The MRZ reaction helps to distinguish rheumatologic disorders with central nervous involvement from multiple sclerosis (2018)

Considering the high specificity of MRZR-2 for MS found in this study, MRZR-2 can be a useful diagnostic tool for distinguishing MS from RDwCNS or OIND.
Sargassum polyceratium (Phaeophyceae, Fucaceae) surface molecule activity towards fouling organisms and embryonic development of benthic species (2011)

International audience
<title>Optical Logic Gates Using A Hughes Liquid Crystal Light Valve</title> (1980)

In this paper we propose new methods of optically implementing digital logic gates capable of performing all combinatorial logic operations. These logic gates are implemented on a Hughes liquid crystal light valve operated in the parallel off-state. Several configurations for realization of optical gates such as AND, NOR, XOR, etc. will be considered. Experimental results will be given using the portions of a single liquid crystal light valve.
Polymorphisms in the tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1‐beta promoters with possible gene regulatory functions increase the risk of preterm birth (2008)

Polymorphisms in the cytokine genes TNFA and IL1B may increase the risk of preterm birth, possibly by a dysregulation of the immune system in pregnancy.
ChemInform Abstract: Elimination and Addition Reactions. Part 42. Structural Effects on Reactivity and Mechanism in Eliminative Fission of Three‐Membered Rings. (1987)

Abstract A 104‐fold increase in reactivity is observed due to the stabilization of the leaving group in (I) compared with (III), combined with a change in the elimination mechanism from (E1cB)R for (III) and (Ib) to a concerted one (E2) for (Ia).
Metal-ion concentrations in sea-surface microlayer and size-separated atmospheric aerosol samples in Hawaii (1972)

A number of sea-surface microlayer and marine atmosphere samples have been taken from sites in Hawaii over a 2-year period from June 1969 to June 1971. The analysis of samples is reported for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, strontium, copper, iron, and zinc, and some analyses of microlayer samples for marine nutrients are reported as total carbon, total phosphorus, and reactive nitrate. Data collected show chemical compositions and ion ratios of most samples to differ, often drastically, from normal sea-water data also collected for these chemical species. Microlayer samples represent a thin film approximately 150 μ thick removed from the surface of the open ocean. These samples generally have considerably higher total carbon, phosphorus, and nitrate concentrations than samples taken at the same site but at 0.6-meter depth. Microlayer samples are also found to be enriched to a small extent in some alkaline earth metals and to a much larger extent for the transition metals copper, iron, and zinc. The transition metals were also found to be proportionately more organically associated in the microlayer samples. Aerosol samples studied are enriched in most metals relative to sodium and to the metal to sodium ratio found in sea water. These enrichments range from values very close to zero up to unity or so for the alkali and alkaline earth metals, depending on element and particle size. Average enrichment values for the transition metals on smaller aerosols approach and exceed 3 and 4 orders of magnitude. Generally, enrichments are greatest on the smaller aerosols approaching Aitkin size; values are also pronounced for the giant aerosols, and lesser values occur for the intermediate-sized large aerosols. It is possible to consider the data in terms of mixing of globally spread, stratospheric continental dust of long residence time and pollution aerosols with normal marine aerosols. It is also important to consider separately or in combination with this concept fractionation and enrichment of selected chemical species before their ejection from the sea surface during agitation and bubbling. A qualitative mass spectrographic study of some of the samples indicates that organic coating materials on the aerosols are more concentrated on the smaller aerosols.
Service Architecture and Content Provision: The Network Provider as Editor (2020)

This chapter explores a way in which service architecture may affect content provision: through the extent to which the network provider can play an editorial role in selecting the content made available to consumers. In an aware architecture, the provider can offer an editorial service; in a blind architecture, it cannot. The chapter characterizes different architectures, and considers the effects of architecture on the selection of already created content to be offered on the network. There are other important ways in which service architecture can affect content provision. The ways are: through technological and institutional delivery costs that vary across architectures, and through the extent to which architecture permits the network to differentiate transport prices for different goods. The effect of different types of cost on content provision depends on the network architecture. The chapter explores how network architecture affects content provision when users experience attention costs.
Rapid Mössbauer-based methods for the determination of iron-bearing phases (1984)

The variation of Mössbauer γ-ray resonant absorption with the velocity amplitude of a vibrating γ-ray source is examined theoretically in connection with Mössbauer-based methods for rapid, nondestructive determination of iron-bearing phases in different materials. The theoretical analysis can be used to simulate such methods, which are based on the difference in the Mössbauer resonant absorption by a sample with the γ-ray source stationary and in rapid oscillation. Methods for the determination of pyrite in coal and metallic forms of iron in steels and slags are examined both theoretically and experimentally to illustrate the advantages and limitations of such rapid Mössbauer-based methods.
A Sensory Mechanism for Amblyopia (1978)

Steady-state visual evoked potentials were elicited by the appearance/disappearance of sinusoidal gratings of varying spatial frequency for both eyes of amblyopic subjects at temporal frequences from 2--32 Hz. The amblyopic eyes showed reduced responses relative to those of the nonamblyopic eyes across a wide range of spatial frequencies, the difference between the 2 eyes being most marked for high spatial frequencies and low temporal frequencies. Both the nonamblyopic and the amblyopic eyes showed a linear relation between the evoked potential amplitude and the logarithm of the stimulus contrast; however, the slope of the line was flatter for the amblyopic eyes. Possible neural mechanisms for the amblyopic eyes' reduced responses to spatial contrast are considered.