gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of antibody arrays for monoclonal antibody Higher Order Structure analysis (2013)

Antibody arrays were developed to probe a monoclonal antibody’s three-dimensional structure (3-D structure). Peptides with overlapping regions were designed to cover the whole mAb light chain and heavy chain respectively and used to generate polyclonal antibodies after the conjugation of the peptides to a carrier protein, KLH. It was shown that good peptide specificity was achieved from the antibodies generated. Using more than 30 different polyclonal antibodies to measure the surface epitope distribution, it was shown that the mAb antibody array can detect epitope exposure as low as 0.1% of defined mAb populations. This ELISA-based analysis of mAb epitope exposure can be considered as a measurement of “conformational impurity” in biologics development, similar to the analysis of other product-related impurities such as different forms of glycosylation, deamidation and oxidation. This analysis of “conformational impurity” could provide valuable information on the mAb conformational comparability for biosimilar mAbs as well as novel mAbs, especially in the area of protein immunogenicity. Furthermore, stability studies indicated that there are several conformational “hot spots” in many mAbs tested, especially in the hinge region. This antibody array technology can be used for novel mAb Higher Order Structure (HOS) analysis during process and formulation development. Another important area of application is for biosimilar mAb development where the innovator molecule and biosimilar molecule could be compared based on their systemic “fingerprint” from the 30 plus antibodies.
[Treatment of severe chronic hepatitis B by combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine therapy--with an analysis of 122 cases]. (1992)

This paper is a summary report of treatment of 122 cases of severe chronic hepatitis by combination of TCM and WM therapy. Among them, 44 cases were in their early stage of disease, 66 in their intermediate stage, and 12 in their advanced stage. They were treated by basic therapy with hepatic cell growth factor (HGF) added to some of them. The patients were divided into two groups, one receiving treatment of blood-cooling and detoxifying Chinese herbs, the other receiving treatment of heat-clearing and detoxifying Chinese herbs. The treatment was effective for 52 cases, and ineffective in 70 cases. Values of serum bilirubin (SB) and prothrombin activity (PA) and the time of initial consultation had marked influence on their prognoses. No difference was found in total mortality between the two groups, also no difference was found in mortality between the former and latter group with or without the addition of HGF at the early stage of disease. The survival rate of the former group was significantly higher than that of the latter one with HGF added at their intermediate stage of disease, which were 60% and 14.7% respectively, P less than 0.01. The conclusion is that as diagnosis and treatment were based on the Syndrome Differentiation of patients at intermediate stage of disease, Chinese herbs will be effective in many ways such as lowering and eliminating jaundice, improving symptoms and signs, preventing and curing complications, curing coexisting diseases, and repairing pathological lesions.
A facile random copolymer strategy to achieve highly conductive polymer gel electrolytes for electrochemical applications (2018)

A facile random copolymer strategy based on poly(styrene-<italic>ran</italic>-methyl methacrylate) (PS-<italic>r</italic>-PMMA) is proposed for the preparation of highly conductive and mechanically elastic solid-state gel electrolytes.
Power reduction for multimedia applications through data-reuse memory exploration (2002)

Power consumption of multimedia applications executing on embedded cores is heavily dependent on data transfers between system memory and processing units. In this paper, a power optimizing methodology based on data-reuse decisions and the development of a custom memory hierarchy is extended in order to determine the optimal solution in a rapid and reliable way. Data-reuse transformations are applied on a typical motion estimation algorithm in order to reduce the data-related power consumption by moving background memory accesses to smaller foreground memories, which are less power costly. Fast exploration of the design space is achieved by extracting analytical expressions for the number of accesses to data and instruction memories.
The Role of the Casein Kinase 1 (CK1) Family in Different Signaling Pathways Linked to Cancer Development (2005)

The members of the casein kinase 1 (CK1) family are highly conserved and are expressed in many eukaryotes ranging from yeast to humans. Mammalian CK1 isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon) and their splice variants are involved in diverse cellular processes including membrane trafficking, circadian rhythm, cell cycle progression, chromosome segregation, apoptosis and cellular differentiation. Mutations and deregulation of CK1 expression and activity has been linked to various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, sleeping disorders and proliferative diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the functions of CK1 and outline the participation of CK1 in signal transduction pathways linked to cancer development.
EFFECTS OF GAMMA IRRADIATION OF BARLEY AND MALT ON MALTING QUALITY (1998)

Two two-rowed barley cultivars, Tokak and Clerine, were irradiated at two different dose ranges (0.05–0.75 kGy and 0.5–5.0 kGy) using a 60Co source. Irradiation of barley at the medium levels before malting had detrimental effects on most of the malt quality criteria. The detrimental effects of irradiation was lower at doses up to 0.25 kGy. Irradiation of malt samples caused either slight or no deterioration of quality characteristics.
CHLOROPHYLLS IN POLYMERS. I. STATE OF CHLOROPHYLL a IN UNSTRETCHED POLYMER SYSTEMS (1995)

Abstract— Model systems for the study of energy transfer processes are useful for the elucidation of the various factors governing the mechanism of energy transfer in photosynthetic systems. Here we describe the characterization of two systems, consisting of chlorophyll a incorporated in anhydrous nitrocellulose and polyvinylalcohol films. First, optical spectroscopy and time‐resolved fluorescence techniques are used to characterize the state of the chlorophyll molecules in the films. We find that in nitrocellulose films the state of chlorophyll a depends strongly on the ratio of nitrocellulose to dimeth‐ylsulfoxide in the solutions from which the films are cast. The state of chlorophyll a in polyvinylalcohol films does not depend on the amount of polymer originally dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide. In these films the pigment is monomeric at low concentrations of chlorophyll a, but aggregates are formed at much lower concentrations than in nitrocellulose. The latter fact is explained by the existence of pockets in polyvinylalcohol, leading to high local concentrations. To further test the suitability of the nitrocellulose polymer films as model systems for energy transfer processes, time‐resolved fluorescence anisotropy profiles are measured in dependence of the concentration of pigments in the matrix. Fits of the observed decay profiles to the predicted decay show good correspondence, as long as no traps are present. Furthermore, the fitted decay times yield the correct value of the Forster radius R 0 as compared to the value obtained spectroscopically. We thus conclude that the chlorophyll a‐nitrocellulose system can be very appropriate for the study of energy transfer processes between photosynthetic pigment, since the pigments are uniformally distributed in the matrix.
Sex Pheromone of the Female Pink Hibiscus Mealybug,<i>Maconellicoccus hirsutus</i>(Green) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae): Biological Activity Evaluation (2005)

The synthetic sex pheromone of the pink hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green), was evaluated in the field bioassays. In a period of 27 wk, >90,000 males were captured on sticky traps in the three locations in Key Biscayne, FL. Our experimental results showed that a laboratory-prepared (R )-lavandulyl (S )-2-methylbutanoate and (R )-maconelliyl (S )-2-methylbutanoate blend in a ratio of 1:5 on a rubber septum was attractive to males at concentration as low as 0.1 μg per trap. Male M. hirsutus captures were not significantly different from traps baited with 1- or 10-μg doses, but 0.1- and 100-μg doses captured significantly fewer males. Some of the unnatural stereoisomers of the pheromone antagonized attraction. The alcohols, which could be detected in virgin female’s volatiles, also exhibited a repulsive effect. Rubber septum lures baited with 1- and 10-μg doses of the synthetic pheromone remained active for at least 21 wk under field conditions. Monitoring of adult flight activity with a 1-μg dose of synthetic pheromone indicated there were multiple generations during the tested period of 8 July 2003 to 12 January 2004.
砂岩油藏的CO 2 预处理酸化技术 (2003)

在充分分析与比较了砂岩常规酸化技术和CO2 预处理酸化技术的前提下 ,重点介绍了砂岩油藏CO2 预处理酸化技术的优点、适用范围、施工方法和现场试验情况。采用CO2 预处理酸化技术对砂岩油藏实施强化增产处理可解决常规砂岩酸化处理通常难以解决的众多技术难题
Large Power Hybrid Soft Switching Mode PWM Full Bridge DC–DC Converter With Minimized Turn-on and Turn-off Switching Loss (2019)

A novel PWM full bridge (FB) dc-dc converter for large power industrial applications is proposed in this paper. The soft switching mode of the primary switches can be varied under different input and output conditions to achieve optimum system efficiency. In the zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVZCS) mode, the turn-on and turn-off switching loss can be optimized because the soft switching conditions of the turn-on and turn-off instants are well decoupled. In the zero-voltage switching (ZVS) mode, the turn-off switching loss can also be optimized because there is no requirement for light load operation in this mode. Four mosfets with ultra-low on-state resistance are used, thus, the added conduction loss is small. The auxiliary MOSFETs with high switching frequency are turned on with zero-current and off with zero-voltage, hence, the added switching loss can also be neglected. Furthermore, some drawbacks of the conventional ZVS and ZVZCS converters, e.g., narrow ZVS load range, high primary circulating current, incomplete reset of the primary current, and unreasonable VA rating of the added components, have been well solved. The operation principles and soft switching characteristics are discussed. Experimental results from an 18-kW prototype are provided to verify the proposed converter.
Clinically relevant drug interactions between anticancer drugs and psychotropic agents (2009)

Drug interactions are commonly seen in the treatment of cancer patients. Psychotropics are often indicated for these patients since they may also suffer from pre-existing psychological disorders or experience insomnia and anxiety associated with cancer therapy. Thus, the risk of anticancer drug (ACD)-psychotropic drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is high. Drug interactions were compiled from the British National Formulary (53rd edn), Lexi-Comp's Drug Information Handbook (15th edn), Micromedex (v5.1), Hansten & Horn's Drug Interactions (2000) and Drug Interaction Facts (2008 edn). Product information of the individual drugs, as well as documented literature on ACD-psychotropic interactions from PubMed and other databases was also incorporated. This paper identifies clinically important ACD-psychotropic DDIs that are frequently observed. Pharmacokinetic DDIs were observed for tyrosine kinase inhibitors, corticosteroids and antimicrotubule agents due to their inhibitory or inductive effects on cytochrome P450 isoenzymes. Pharmacodynamic DDIs were identified for thalidomide with central nervous system depressants, procarbazine with antidepressants, myelosuppressive ACDs with clozapine and anthracyclines with QT-prolonging psychotropics. Clinicians should be vigilant when psychotropics are prescribed concurrently with ACDs. Close monitoring of plasma drug levels should be carried out to avoid toxicity in the patient, as well as to ensure adequate chemotherapeutic and psychotropic coverage.
Double‐blind placebo‐controlled evaluation of the PROMETA™ protocol for methamphetamine dependence (2011)

The PROMETA protocol, consisting of flumazenil, gabapentin and hydroxyzine, appears to be no more effective than placebo in reducing methamphetamine use, retaining patients in treatment or reducing methamphetamine craving.
Carrier Synchronization of Offset Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying (1998)

This article contains analyses of the performance of various carrier synchronization loops for ofiset quadrature phase-shift-keying (OQPSK) modulation, all motivated in one form or another by the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of carrier phase. When they are implemented as either high or low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximations to the generic implementation suggested by the MAP estimation of carrier phase for an OQPSK signal, it is shown that the loops behave more like biphase than quadriphase loops in that they only exhibit a 180-deg phase ambiguity rather than the 90-deg phase ambiguity typical of the latter. This phase ambiguity advantage coupled with the mean-square tracking-error performance advantage that results and its ultimate efiect on average error probability performance ofier a potentially signiflcant justiflcation for using OQPSK rather than QPSK even on a linear transmission channel, where it often is reasoned (based on the assumption of an ideal environment) that the two modulation schemes perform identically.
Wanted: strategic partners for young firms eager to enter foreign markets (2019)

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the relationship between strategic asset-seeking intent and firms’ entry strategies of foreign investment in the context of emerging market firms. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on survey data of 392 Chinese foreign direct investment projects. Structural equation modelling is used for data analysis. Findings With stronger strategic asset-seeking intent, emerging market multinational enterprises are likely to locate their subsidiaries in developed countries, use a wholly owned subsidiary mode and invest with greater intensity, while they do not have a clear preference in entry timing. Practical implications The strategic asset-seeking intent applies not only to emerging market firms but also to small and medium firms in general that have limited resources and a need to catch up with stronger competitors. This study therefore provides guidance to these firms. Originality/value This study contributes by investigating how the strategic asset-seeking intent affects firms’ strategies. The findings have practical implications for strategic managerial decisions that lead to sustained competitive advantage and improved firm performance.
VASCULAR FRAGILITY AND PERMEABILITY AS INFLUENCED BY VARIOUS AGENTS: I. A DESCRIPTION OF AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD AND OF THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS SUBSTANCES RELATED TO VITAMIN P (1944)

A method has been developed which can be used to show the protective action of certain citrus peel fractions (vitamin P) in controlling vascular fragility. When air is suddenly evacuated from a jar in which mice are placed, hemorrhage occurs into the lungs of these mice. Crude hesperidin obtained from oranges, and a water soluble extract of lemon peel afforded protection to mice against this hemorrhage for a period of 2 to 4 hours after administration. Pure hesperidin had little or no protective effect, but during the first 2 hours following its administration, a greater degree of hemorrhage was apparent.
-New aspects in antithrombotic therapy--platelet inhibitors-. (1996)

The aim of platelet inhibitory therapy in cardiology is to prevent undesired thrombus formation and, thus, to prevent complications of cardiovascular diseases. In Germany, 5 substances are approved for antiplatelet therapy. Acetylsalicylic acid, an inhibitor of platelet cyclooxygenase, has been shown to be effective at both high and low doses in the secondary prevention of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease. In addition, acetylsalicylic acid is effective in reducing the complications of unstable angina pectoris and coronary angioplasty, and in reducing the occlusion rate of aortocoronary bypass grafts. The addition of dipyridamole to acetylsalicylic acid has not been shown to result in any additional benefit in many clinical studies. Ticlopidine, an antagonist of ADP-induced platelet aggregation has been similarly effective as acetylsalicylic acid in the treatment of coronary heart disease. The principal side effect of the drug, the occurrence of neutropenia in about 1% of treated patients, makes regular blood cell counts mandatory during treatment. In the secondary prevention of cerebrovascular disease, the drug may be superior to acetylsalicylic acid. Trapidil is an anti-platelet substance which acts on platelets through various mechanisms including inhibition of the release of "platelet derived growth factor". In 3 smaller randomized studies, trapidil has been found to reduce the restenosis rate after coronary angioplasty. Abciximab, the Fab-fragment of an antibody against the platelet fibrinogen receptor glycoprotein 11b/IIIa has been shown to be effective in the prevention of acute and long-term complications of high-risk coronary angioplasty.
<i>Solanum nigrum</i> L. polyphenolic extract inhibits hepatocarcinoma cell growth by inducing G<sub>2</sub>/M phase arrest and apoptosis (2010)

This study shows that SNPE is a potent agent for HCC treatment through targeting G(2)/M arrest and apoptosis induction, achieving cell growth inhibition.
Modeling the .NET CLR Exception Handling Mechanism for a Mathematical Analysis. (2006)

We provide a mathematical reference model for the exception handling mechanism of the Common Language Runtime (CLR), the virtual machine underlying the interpretation of .NET programs. The model filles some gap in the ECMA standard for CLR and is used to sketch the exception handling related part of a soundness proof for the CLR bytecode verifier.
The survey: Text generation models in deep learning (2020)

Deep learning methods possess many processing layers to understand the stratified representation of data and have achieved state-of-art results in several domains. Recently, deep learning model designs and architectures have unfolded in the context of Natural Language Processing (NLP). This survey presents a brief description of the advances that have occurred in the area of Deep Generative modeling. This work considers most of the papers from 2015 onwards. In this paper, we review many deep learning models that have been used for the generation of text. We also summarize the various models and have put forward the detailed understanding of past, present, and future of text generation models in deep learning. Furthermore, DL approaches that have been explored and evaluated in different application domains in NLP are included in this survey.
Genome-wide metabolic (re-) annotation of Kluyveromyces lactis (2012)

The methodology developed throughout this work can be used to re-annotate any yeast or, with a little tweak of the reference organism, the proteins encoded in any sequenced genome. The new annotation provided by this study offers basic knowledge which might be useful for the scientific community working on this model yeast, because new functions have been identified for the so-called metabolic genes. Furthermore, it served as the basis for the reconstruction of a compartmentalized, genome-scale metabolic model of Kluyveromyces lactis, which is currently being finished.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanoscrolls from Monolayer Graphene Controlled by P-Doped Silicon Nanowires: A MD Simulation Study (2011)

It is demonstrated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that P-doped silicon nanowires (Si NWs) can activate graphenes self-scrolling onto Si NWs and thus produce new kinds of graphene nanoscroll (NS)/Si core/shell heterojunctions. The simulations show that graphene sheets can fully self-scroll onto Si NWs when the Si NW radius is larger than a threshold of about 5 Å, forming a stable core/shell structure. It is the van der Waals force that plays a primary role in the self-scrolling process. The configuration of the graphene–Si heterojunction depends significantly on the diameter of the Si NWs. The final NS becomes multiwalled with increasing graphene length when the diameter of the Si NWs is larger than a threshold of about 6 Å. The zigzag NS is proved to be the most stable, while the chiral NSs are unstable and tend to evolve into zigzag NS and a model is set up to interpret the tendency from the standpoint of bond. It is demonstrated that the graphene width has no influence on the self-scrolling process at all. Compared with the conventional fabricating method, the new self-assembling one occurs at room temperature and the thickness of the NSs can be controlled accurately. Besides, the unique structure of the graphene/Si core/shell heterojunctions will significantly enhance their applications in nanoelectronic devices, hydrogen storage, solar cells, chemical or biological sensors, and energy storage in supercapacitors or batteries.
Comparison of Fecal Microbiota in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Neurotypical Siblings in the Simons Simplex Collection (2015)

In order to assess potential associations between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) phenotype, functional GI disorders and fecal microbiota, we recruited simplex families, which had only a single ASD proband and neurotypical (NT) siblings, through the Simons Simplex Community at the Interactive Autism Network (SSC@IAN). Fecal samples and metadata related to functional GI disorders and diet were collected from ASD probands and NT siblings of ASD probands (age 7-14). Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) were assessed using the parent-completed ROME III questionnaire for pediatric FGIDs, and problem behaviors were assessed using the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL). Targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays were conducted on selected taxa implicated in ASD, including Sutterella spp., Bacteroidetes spp. and Prevotella spp. Illumina sequencing of the V1V2 and the V1V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes from fecal DNA was performed to an average depth of 208,000 and 107,000 high-quality reads respectively. Twenty-five of 59 ASD children and 13 of 44 NT siblings met ROME III criteria for at least one FGID. Functional constipation was more prevalent in ASD (17 of 59) compared to NT siblings (6 of 44, P = 0.035). The mean CBCL scores in NT siblings with FGID, ASD children with FGID and ASD without FGID were comparably higher (58-62 vs. 44, P < 0.0001) when compared to NT children without FGID. There was no significant difference in macronutrient intake between ASD and NT siblings. There was no significant difference in ASD severity scores between ASD children with and without FGID. No significant difference in diversity or overall microbial composition was detected between ASD children with NT siblings. Exploratory analysis of the 16S rRNA sequencing data, however, identified several low abundance taxa binned at the genus level that were associated with ASD and/or first order ASD*FGID interactions (FDR <0.1).
Public Key Cryptography (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction This chapter contains sections titled: Cryptosystems and Cryptanalysis Key Management Digital Signatures and Hash Functions Examples of Public Key Systems and Hash Functions Implementations of Public Key Cryptography A Sample Proposal for a LAN Implementation Mathematical and Computational Aspects An Introduction to Zero-Knowledge Alternatives to the Diffie-Hellman Model This chapter contains sections titled: Appendices References