gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of pyrohydrolysis of anhydrous thorium tetrafluoride (1973)

>In the initial stage (up to 70-80% removal of fluorine) the pyrohydrolysis of thorium tetrafluoride proceeds at a constant rate and then the rate of evolution of fluorine gradually falls. A study was made of the relation of the hydrolysis rate in both stages of the process to various factors, particularly, the tempernture, the partial pressure of water vapor, the mass of the starting substance, the flow rate of the air-vapor mixture, and the surface area. While in the first stage the rate of fluorine evolution depends on the gas flow rate, the surface area, the temperature, and the partial pressure of waoter vapor, in othe second stage internal diffusion begins to have an effect together with these factors. Kinetic equations are proposed for both stages of the reaction and the values of the parameters in them were determined. Using these equations it is possible to calculate the time required for completion of the process under given conditions. (auth)
cDNA-derived molecular characteristics and antibodies to a new centrosome-associated and G2/m phase-prevalent protein (1993)

Differential screening of a murine RNA-based cDNA library with cell cycle phase-specific transcripts released a cDNA clone (lambda CCD41) to a mRNA (1.349 kb) which, according to the mode of its detection, increases as expected during the cell cycle. The molecular characteristics of the protein (27 x 10(3) M(r)) encoded by this mRNA were deduced from the cDNA sequence and antibodies were prepared against the recombinant protein. Immunofluorescence studies performed with PtK2 cells revealed that the amount of the antigen specified by the CCD41 sequence increases during the cell cycle out of proportion with the DNA content. In G1 phase cells, the antigen is exclusively located at the site of the centrosome. During cell cycle progression the antigen becomes also detectable in perinuclear vesicles that increase in number and size, reaching a maximum in G2 phase cells. The centrosomal location of the CCD41 antigen was investigated in relation to another centrosomal antigen, centrosomin A. Since the latter antigen is detected by a monoclonal antibody reacting specifically and permanently with the centrosomes in PtK2 cells throughout the cell cycle it was possible to investigate the relative positions of the two proteins at the site of the centrosome and to add new information about the general architecture of the organelle and its changes during the cell cycle. While the centrosomin A antibody detects the pronounced cell cycle stage-dependent shape changes of the centrosome, the CCD41-encoded protein appears to be localized as a compact structure inside the centrosome. Its epitopes are exposed throughout the cell cycle except during a brief period immediately after the formation of the daughter centrosome.
An Afm Investigation of Thin Lubricious Coatings (2002)

A multifunctional atomic force microscopy (AFM) instrument has been used to investigate the surface characteristics of two proprietary lubricious coatings applied to hardened and tempered low alloy steel substrates. The coating materials, MoST (MoS 2 -Ti) and carbon based Graphit-ic, were applied using magnetron sputter deposition technology. The short range roughness of the coatings (R a and R q ) was in the range 4 - 7 nm. AFM phase contrast imaging revealed that the MoST coatings had a lateral grain size of 400 nm, whilst the Graphit-ic coatings had duplex lateral grain size of 400 and 600 nm. No second phase constituents were detected. The MoST coatings had a hardness of 33.2 ± 3.6 GPa, whilst the Graphit-ic coatings had a hardness of 16.4 ± 0.8 GPa. The MoST coatings were more scratch resistant than the Graphit-ic coatings and were probably also more resistant to abrasion.
High-power blue light generation in periodically-poled lithium niobate (1997)

A small group of granulated endocrine cells have been described in the endostylar region of the pharynx in Styela. These cells are argyrophilic and exhibit calcitonin-like immunofluorescence. Tests with antisera to other peptides all proved negative. Cells from animals exposed to elevated calcium levels showed a degree od degranulation. The possibility that these cells may represent ancestral ultimobranchial "C" cells is discussed.
Bridging Gaps: An update from the ASTD research committee (1999)

Abstract Annually, the American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) Research Committee is invited to use this editorial space to provide an update regarding the committee's directions and activities. So what is the committee up to? Here is the short answer. We are seeking to bridge two gaps: the gap between practitioners and researchers and the gap between practitioners and senior executives. In last year's editorial, Laurie Bassi, ASTD's vice president for research, made a compelling case that the gap between practitioners and researchers is widening (Bassi, 1998). According to Bassi, practitioners are being bombarded with new HRD (human resource development) dilemmas at accelerating rates of speed. Yet the means to create and disseminate research‐based solutions to these dilemmas remain unchanged. They tend to be slow, cumbersome, and difficult for practitioners to access. The committee has several initiatives under way that are aimed at addressing the practitioner‐researcher gap:
Two New Cytotoxic Chalcones from Calythropsis aurea (1993)

The crude extract of Calythropsis aurea (Myrtaceae) produced a pattern of differential cytotoxicity in the NCI 60 cell line assay which was similar to those of known tubulin-interactive compounds. Cytotoxicity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two new chalcones, calythropsin [1] and dihydrocalythropsin [2], which were responsible for the activity. Calythropsin was demonstrated to have a weak effect on mitosis, and presumably also on tubulin polymerization.
Structural flexibility in <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> enolase revealed by X‐ray crystallography and molecular dynamics (2007)

Enolase is a validated drug target in Trypanosoma brucei. To better characterize its properties and guide drug design efforts, we have determined six new crystal structures of the enzyme, in various ligation states and conformations, and have carried out complementary molecular dynamics simulations. The results show a striking structural diversity of loops near the catalytic site, for which variation can be interpreted as distinct modes of conformational variability that are explored during the molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that sulfate may, unexpectedly, induce full closure of catalytic site loops whereas, conversely, binding of inhibitor phosphonoacetohydroxamate may leave open a tunnel from the catalytic site to protein surface offering possibilities for drug development. We also present the first complex of enolase with a novel inhibitor 2-fluoro-2-phosphonoacetohydroxamate. The molecular dynamics results further encourage efforts to design irreversible species-specific inhibitors: they reveal that a parasite enzyme-specific lysine may approach the catalytic site more closely than crystal structures suggest and also cast light on the issue of accessibility of parasite enzyme-specific cysteines to chemically modifying reagents. One of the new sulfate structures contains a novel metal-binding site IV within the catalytic site cleft.
3D Printing Applications in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (2018)

3D printing (3DP) technology continues to gain popularity among medical specialties as a useful tool to improve patient care. The field of spine surgery is one discipline that has utilized this; however, information regarding the use of 3DP in minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) is limited. 3D printing is currently being utilized in spine surgery to create biomodels, hardware templates and guides, and implants. Minimally invasive spine surgeons have begun to adopt 3DP technology, specifically with the use of biomodeling to optimize preoperative planning. Factors limiting widespread adoption of 3DP include increased time, cost, and the limited range of diagnoses in which 3DP has thus far been utilized. 3DP technology has become a valuable tool utilized by spine surgeons, and there are limitless directions in which this technology can be applied to minimally invasive spine surgery.
Nanogenerator as an active sensor for vortex capture and ambient wind-velocity detection (2012)

In this paper, we report a simple and practical composite structure for a nanogenerator (NG). The composite design using two kinds of piezoelectric materials, zinc oxide and poly(vinylidene fluoride), requires no more system size and complexity than for a single material, but improves the power density and sensitivity of the NG significantly. With no need of an external power source or batteries, the composite NG can efficiently convert the vortex motion in the atmosphere into electricity. Based on the Karman vortex street principle, ambient wind-speed measurements with the NG are demonstrated. Due to the simple structure, high sensitivity and good environment-friendly properties, the NG as an active sensor should play an important role in wireless environmental monitoring networks.
Effect of α to β (β') Phase Transition on the Sintering of Silicon Nitride Ceramics (1990)

By using α‐Si 3 N 4 and β‐Si 3 N 4 starting powders with similar particle size and distribution, the effect of α‐β (β') phase transition on densification and microstructure is investigated during the liquid‐phase sintering of 82Si 3 N 4 ·9Al 2 O 3 ·9Y 2 O 3 (wt%) and 80Si 3 N 4 ·13Al 2 O 3 ·5AIN·5AIN·2Y 2 O 3 . When α‐Si 3 N 4 powder is used, the grains become elongated, apparently hindering the densification process. Hence, the phase transition does not enhance the densification.
Genetic polymorphisms in the carbonyl reductase 3 gene <i>CBR3</i> and the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene <i>NQO1</i> in patients who developed anthracycline‐related congestive heart failure after childhood cancer (2008)

The functional CBR3 V244M polymorphism may have an impact on the risk of anthracycline-related CHF among childhood cancer survivors by modulating the intracardiac formation of cardiotoxic anthracycline alcohol metabolites. Larger confirmatory case-control studies are warranted.
Polymetallic lanthanide near-infrared emitting compounds for optical microscopy: dendrimer complexes and metal organic frameworks (2017)

International audience
Academic Performance of International Students in Electrical Engineering at the University of Queensland (2003)

In this paper we study the academic performance of the large cohort of international students enrolled in the Bachelor of Engineering (Electrical) program at the University of Queensland. The need for this study arises from the extremely rapid internationalisation of the Electrical Engineering program over the past five years and the possible consequences of this growth on graduate quality. We conclude that the international students perform as well as, if not better than, domestic students. Thus international student quality does not appear to represent a major limiting factor when examining limits to program growth.
Risk of Spontaneous Abortion in Women with Childhood Exposure to Parental Cigarette Smoke (2007)

There is increasing concern over whether environmental exposures early in life may impact health in adulthood. Recent evidence suggests that prenatal or childhood exposure to cigarette smoke may result in poorer reproductive health later in life. Among 2,162 nonsmoking women recruited from three Boston, Massachusetts, clinics who underwent assisted reproductive treatments between 1994 and 2003, adjusted odds ratios for pregnancy outcomes in the initial treatment cycle were calculated in relation to self-reported childhood exposure to parental cigarette smoke. Women who reported having two parents who smoked during their childhood had increased odds of a spontaneous abortion compared with women reporting that neither parent smoked (adjusted odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval: 1.0, 3.0). A trend for increased risk was observed for women reporting that zero, one, or two parents smoked. In secondary analysis, the authors also found suggestive evidence for increased risk of failed embryo implantation among women reporting current secondhand tobacco smoke exposure. Future large studies of pregnancy loss are needed that can distinguish women's tobacco smoke exposure in childhood from that taking place in utero.
Heterocyclization of 2,4‐disubstituted thiosemicarbazides with haloketones (1990)

Abstract 2,4‐Disubstituted thiosemicarbazides were allowed to react with α ‐bromoacetophenone to give the anticipated 2,3‐dihydro‐6 H ‐1,3,4‐thiadiazines, whereas with β‐propiophenone and γ‐butyrophenone to afford the unexpected 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole. The reaction mechanism was also discussed.
VOC detection with screen-printed piezoelectric cantilevers coated with PEUT and nanoporous sensitive layers. Comparison with silicon cantilevers (2012)

International audience
Normal and Reverse Photochromism of 1-(β-carboxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-6′-nitrospiro[indoline-2,2′-2<i>H</i>-benzopyran] in Water–Dioxane (1975)

Abstract The photochromism of 1-(β-carboxyethyl)-3,3-dimethyl-6′-nitrospiro[indoline-2,2′-2H-benzopyran] (I) was studied in water-dioxane. It was found that (I) exhibits normal photochromism in dioxane and reverse photochromism on addition of water to the solution.
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides provide insight into mechanism of translation initiation of two Sendai virus mRNAs. (1987)

Translation of Sendai virus nucleocapsid protein (NP) and phosphoprotein (P/C) mRNAs in rabbit reticulocyte lysates in the presence of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (15-20-mers) showed that oligonucleotides having complementarity within the 5' noncoding region of the mRNAs blocked translation, oligonucleotides having complementarity within 20 nucleotides upstream from the initiator codon blocked translation only partially, and oligonucleotides complementary to the coding region of mRNA had no effect on translation. The results suggest the possibility that the 80 S initiation complex may form about 20 bases upstream from the initiator codon. Alternatively, the 40 S preinitiation complex may recognize an initiator codon at least 20 nucleotides upstream from the codon, activating a helix-destabilizing process.
The Fatigue Strength of 18-8 Stainless Steel Soaked in Sea Water (1969)

When 18-8 stainless steel is soaked in sea water, a local attack is formed by adhesion of microbes comparatively in a short time. In order to investigate the effects of corrosion defects on the fatigue strength of this material, we carried out the rotating beam fatigue tests of plain specimens and notched specimens with stress concentration factor, α=2.0, 3.3, 4.9, which were soaked in sea water for 3 months, 6 months and 12 months.The results obtained are as follows.(1) The fatigue limit of plain specimens and that of notched specimens with α=2.0 and 3.3 are on the decrease with the soaked periods shortened. The lowering ratio during the 12 months stood at 33%, 27% and 19%, respectively.(2) The corrosion defects in the order of crack, pin hole, line and pit have a deteriorative influences upon the fatigue strength.(3) The lowering of fatigue limit of notched specimens with α=4.9 is not recognized, for this is the strength with nonpropagating crack.(4) In the case of notched specimens with α=2.0 and 3.3 notch strengthening is found out, because of formation of martensite by plastic deformation at the notch root.
Exploiting Distributional Temporal Difference Learning to Deal with Tail Risk (2020)

In traditional Reinforcement Learning (RL), agents learn to optimize actions in a dynamic context based on recursive estimation of expected values. We show that this form of machine learning fails when rewards (returns) are affected by tail risk, i.e., leptokurtosis. Here, we adapt a recent extension of RL, called distributional RL (disRL), and introduce estimation efficiency, while properly adjusting for differential impact of outliers on the two terms of the RL prediction error in the updating equations. We show that the resulting “efficient distributional RL” (e-disRL) learns much faster, and is robust once it settles on a policy. Our paper also provides a brief, nontechnical overview of machine learning, focusing on RL.
Age Related Changes in NAD+ Metabolism Oxidative Stress and Sirt1 Activity in Wistar Rats (2011)

The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has emerged as a key regulator of metabolism, stress resistance and longevity. Apart from its role as an important redox carrier, NAD+ also serves as the sole substrate for NAD-dependent enzymes, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), an important DNA nick sensor, and NAD-dependent histone deacetylases, Sirtuins which play an important role in a wide variety of processes, including senescence, apoptosis, differentiation, and aging. We examined the effect of aging on intracellular NAD+ metabolism in the whole heart, lung, liver and kidney of female wistar rats. Our results are the first to show a significant decline in intracellular NAD+ levels and NAD:NADH ratio in all organs by middle age (i.e.12 months) compared to young (i.e. 3 month old) rats. These changes in [NAD(H)] occurred in parallel with an increase in lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls (o- and m- tyrosine) formation and decline in total antioxidant capacity in these organs. An age dependent increase in DNA damage (phosphorylated H2AX) was also observed in these same organs. Decreased Sirt1 activity and increased acetylated p53 were observed in organ tissues in parallel with the drop in NAD+ and moderate over-expression of Sirt1 protein. Reduced mitochondrial activity of complex I-IV was also observed in aging animals, impacting both redox status and ATP production. The strong positive correlation observed between DNA damage associated NAD+ depletion and Sirt1 activity suggests that adequate NAD+ concentrations may be an important longevity assurance factor.
The Effective Power Dependence of the Heat Transfer Coefficient for Fully Developed Turbulent Convection in a Tube (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effective Power Dependence of the Heat Transfer Coefficient for Fully Developed Turbulent Convection in a TubeStuart W. Churchill and Jai P. GuptaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1978, 17, 3, 351–354Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260067a024https://doi.org/10.1021/i260067a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Variations In The Longitudinal Efficiency Of Academic Medical Centers (2004)

Recent studies have revealed dramatic differences among academic medical centers (AMCs) in the quantity of care provided to their patients. The implications, however, depend upon whether the additional resources provided by some centers lead to better results. This study describes the content, quality, and outcomes of care across AMCs that differ by up to 60 percent in the overall intensity of medical services delivered to patients with serious chronic illnesses. Efforts to reduce costs will require attention to supply-sensitive services (the frequency of hospital stays, physician visits, specialist consultations, diagnostic tests, and minor procedures) and should include a focus on the longitudinal efficiency of hospitals and medical staffs.
Problematic of the Pelagia noctiluca outbreaks in the Bay of Calvi (Corsica) (2010)

International audience
Study of the forces responsible for binding of polar substrates in the cyclohexaamylose cavity by positron annihilation techniques (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTStudy of the forces responsible for binding of polar substrates in the cyclohexaamylose cavity by positron annihilation techniquesEugene S. Hall and Hans J. AcheCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 14, 1805–1807Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100477a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100477a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Interaction between TCP and UDP flows in Wireless Multi-hop Ad hoc Networks (2005)

he interaction between TCP and UDP flows are examined experimentally in simple scenarios, involving between three and four nodes. Early results show that TCP’s congestion control is not tuned to wi ...