gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization-sensitive multilayer diffractive structures for document security (2009)

Multi-layer diffraction structures with characteristic behavior in monochromatic and white light for the TM polarization that does not occur for the TE polarization are under study. They are composed of a thin film of silver, or the one with thin-film dielectric coatings over and/or under the film, and a pair of enclosing dielectric sheets. A periodic surface relief corrugates boundaries between neighboring layers. The structures are investigated in the transmission mode under various conditions of illumination by measuring the zero-order diffraction efficiency. Refractive indices of the enclosing sheets, of the dielectric coatings, and values of thickness of the latter are critical for high sensitivity to polarization. If such a structure is realized as a foil made of several layers, taking into account also a transparent adhesive fixing the foil to a substrate, the structure may become a promising device for protection of documents against counterfeiting. Theoretical analyses and experimental investigations of laboratory models and realized foil devices are presented.
A subscriber signalling gateway between CDMA mobile station and GSM mobile switching center (2002)

A new multiple access scheme called CDMA offers the increased capacity due to the efficient frequency reuse and the exploitation of speech activity. It is to be very attractive for various mobile and personal communications. On the other hand, CCITT PLMN or ETSI GSM is expected to be adopted widely by many PTTs because it may cover wide area and provide speedy and efficient mobility managements such as location update, handover, authentication, etc., by means of the well-established CCITT Common Channel Signalling System No.7 (CCS#7). However, no attempts to bridge these two promising technologies have been reported yet in the literature. This paper introduces a subscriber signalling gateway which resides in a Base Station (BS) and converts signalling messages bidirectionally between the Qualcomm's CDMA CAI (Common Air Interface) based MS and the GSM SS (Subscriber Signalling) based MSC. The layer 3 functions of the gateway consist of three functional components: CDMA-RR/GSM-RR converter for handover (handoff) handling, CDMA-MM/GSM-MM converter for location update (registration) handling, and CDMA-CC/GSM-CC converter for call setup and clearing. Interworking scenarios and functions of these converters are discussed. Furthermore message flow examples for location update, handover, and call control are presented. The successful interworking of these technologies will graft these two promising technologies so that the advantages of them could be provided throughout the mobile communication network.
Gene therapy for the treatment of sensory neuropathy (2006)

Sensory polyneuropathy can be a serious problem, but for the majority of clinically important neuropathies there are no available therapies. Neurotrophic and neuroprotective peptide factors have been identified that prevent or reverse neuropathy in rodent models of disease, but delivery of these highly pleiotropic peptides has posed an obstacle for translation into effective human therapies. Gene transfer into muscle using viral or non-viral vectors, or into neurons of the dorsal root ganglion using herpes simplex virus-based vectors, provides an alternative means to achieve this end. Studies in animal models have been promising, and the first human trial, using a plasmid to transfer the gene coding for vascular endothelial growth factor into muscle for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy, is now underway. Evidence supporting the trial and the challenges facing this therapy are reviewed.
Photonic band structure: The face-centered-cubic case (1989)

We employ the concepts of band theory to describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves in three dimensionally periodic face-centered-cubic (fcc) dielectric structures. This can produce a ``photonic band gap'' in which optical modes, spontaneous emission, and zero-point fluctuations are all absent. In the course of a broad experimental survey, we have found that most fcc dielectric structures have ``semimetallic'' band structure. Nevertheless, we have identified one particular dielectric ``crystal'' which actually has a ``photonic band gap.'' This dielectric structure, consisting of 86% empty space, requires a refractive index contrast greater than 3 to 1, which happens to be readily obtainable in semiconductor materials.
Ultrasonic Absorption Microscope (1959)

This paper constitutes a progress report on the development of an ultrasonic instrument for detecting microstructure. The principle of operation of the device (designated by the term “ultrasonic microscope”) is as follows: The specimen is imbedded in a liquid, which closely matches it in acoustic impedance, and is irradiated with short pulses of high-frequency sound. Some of the ultrasonic energy is absorbed in the specimen and the remainder leaves it and excites a small thermoelectric probe placed immediately adjacent to the region being investigated. As the specimen, which is between the sound source and the probe, is moved in a direction normal to the direction of sound propagation, a varying acoustic signal will be detected by the probe. This is a consequence of the fact that the amount of acoustic energy absorbed by the specimen in the portion immediately adjacent to the probe is determined by the structure of that part of the specimen. Preliminary experimental results obtained with such a “microscope” operating at a frequency of 12 mc/sec are presented.
Construction of engineering adipose-like tissue<i>in vivo</i>utilizing human insulin gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds (2013)

We evaluated the use of a combination of human insulin gene-modified umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (hUMSCs) with silk fibroin 3D scaffolds for adipose tissue engineering. In this study hUMSCs were isolated and cultured. HUMSCs infected with Ade-insulin-EGFP were seeded in fibroin 3D scaffolds with uniform 50-60 µm pore size. Silk fibroin scaffolds with untransfected hUMSCs were used as control. They were cultured for 4 days in adipogenic medium and transplanted under the dorsal skins of female Wistar rats after the hUMSCs had been labelled with chloromethylbenzamido-1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (CM-Dil). Macroscopical impression, fluorescence observation, histology and SEM were used for assessment after transplantation at 8 and 12 weeks. Macroscopically, newly formed adipose tissue was observed in the experimental group and control group after 8 and 12 weeks. Fluorescence observation supported that the formed adipose tissue originated from seeded hUMSCs rather than from possible infiltrating perivascular tissue. Oil red O staining of newly formed tissue showed that there was substantially more tissue regeneration in the experimental group than in the control group. SEM showed that experimental group cells had more fat-like cells, whose volume was larger than that of the control group, and degradation of the silk fibroin scaffold was greater under SEM observation. This study provides significant evidence that hUMSCs transfected by adenovirus vector have good compatibility with silk fibroin scaffold, and adenoviral transfection of the human insulin gene can be used for the construction of tissue-engineered adipose.
The teachable language comprehender (1969)

The Teachable Language Comprehender (TLC) is a program designed to be capable of being taught to “comprehend” English text. When text which the program has not seen before is input to it, it comprehends that text by correctly relating each (explicit or implicit) assertion of the new text to a large memory. This memory is a “semantic network” representing factual assertions about the world. The program also creates copies of the parts of its memory which have been found to relate to the new text, adapting and combining these copies to represent the meaning of the new text. By this means, the meaning of all text the program successfully comprehends is encoded into the same format as that of the memory. In this form it can be added into the memory. Both factual assertions for the memory and the capabilities for correctly relating text to the memory's prior content are to be taught to the program as they are needed. TLC presently contains a relatively small number of examples of such assertions and capabilities, but within the system, notations for expressing either of these are provided. Thus the program now corresponds to a general process for comprehending language, and it provides a methodology for adding the additional information this process requires to actually comprehend text of any particular kind. The memory structure and comprehension process of TLC allow new factual assertions and capabilities for relating text to such stored assertions to generalize automatically. That is, once such an assertion or capability is put into the system, it becomes available to help comprehend a great many other sentences in the future. Thus the addition of a single factual assertion or linguistic capability will often provide a large increment in TLC's effective knowledge of the world and in its overall ability to comprehend text. The program's strategy is presented as a general theory of
Engineering Evaluation of the MEMTEC, Limited, Small Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU) for the United States Southern Command (1991)

Abstract : This report describes the engineering evaluation of the MEMTEC, Ltd. (Australia), Small Reverse Osmosis Water Purification Unit (ROWPU). Objectives of the evaluation were to: (1) Determine if the MEMTEC Small ROWPU met Quality Assurance acceptance criteria listed in contract DAAK70-89-C-0076, Section E.1. 1; (2) Provide the opportunity for the project engineer and support personnel to obtain a working knowledge of the Small ROWPU's operational characteristics prior to the operational test at the Tropic Test Site, Panama; and (3) Accrue operating hours on the Small ROWPU system under semi-controlled conditions to provide an opportunity to correct any operational glitches prior to initiating TTS operational testing.
3D-curve similarity using fuzzy string matching (2002)

In this paper a new approach to measuring the similarity of 3D curves is presented. This approach is based on an extension of the classical string edit distance in two ways. The first extension is the possibility to use strings, where each element can be a vector rather than a single symbol, while the second extension is the use of fuzzy set based cost functions in the edit distance computation. These two extensions allow us to tackle various problems, that can't be solved by means of "classical" string edit distance.
The flocculation of cane sugar muds with acrylamide–sodium acrylate copolymers (1991)

Abstract The flocculation of cane sugar muds with commercial acrylamide–sodium acrylate copolymers has been investigated through the measurement of settling rates and residual turbidities. The flocculation efficiencies of the copolymers were observed to depend on their composition, microstructure, and molecular weight, and the zeta potential of the mud particles. Adsorption of polymer at the surface of the particles was shown to occur through interaction with the acrylate groups. The experimental results are consistent with a bridging mechanism for the flocculation process, in which an observed optimum copolymer composition is associated with polymer adsorption which is sufficiently strong to resist mild shear forces yet allows the extension of polymer “loops” and “tails” into solution.
Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection–a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia (2020)

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Since the first case appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. Up to now, according to official data released by the Chinese health commission, the number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled. Although most patients have mild symptoms and good prognosis after infection, some patients developed severe and die from multiple organ complications. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unclear. Immune function is a strong defense against invasive pathogens and there is currently no specific antiviral drug against the virus. This article reviews the immunological changes of coronaviruses like SARS, MERS and other viral pneumonia similar to SARS-CoV-2. Combined with the published literature, the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 is inferred, and the treatment recommendations for giving high-doses intravenous immunoglobulin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant therapy to severe type patients are proposed.
Vagally Mediated Atrial Fibrillation in a Young Man (2000)

Atrial fibrillation may be provoked by either vagal or sympathetic stimulation. Sympathetic effects are common in middle-aged and elderly patients with underlying heart disease. However, in the young, non-diseased heart, vagal influences are more likely to predominate. Recognition of vagally mediated atrial fibrillation in young adults as a unique clinical entity has diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
Re-evaluation of Evans blue dye dilution method of plasma volume measurement. (1995)

To simplify the method of plasma volume measurement by Evans blue dye dilution we used, for the first time, the same venous site for injection of dye and collection of samples. In a series of 49 studies the dye decay between 10 and 35 min after injection was highly linear (r = 0.991 +/- 0.01), indicating that contamination of samples is very unlikely. We repeated the measurements after eight weeks in nine patients; the mean difference was 16.4 +/- 19.6 ml, indicating a high degree of reproducibility. We found that extrapolation of the dye decay curve to time zero is required for accurate estimates of plasma volume. There was good agreement between the estimates of plasma volume obtained by extrapolation from only three samples taken at 10, 20 and 30 min after dye injection with the results obtained using all six samples. We also found good agreement between the estimates of plasma volume obtained by using standard curves constructed from four standard dilutions of 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/l and those obtained by the use of standard curves constructed from the blank and only one standard dilution of 10 mg/l. We therefore conclude that the Evans blue technique can be simplified with minimal loss of accuracy, by using only one venous site for injection and withdrawal, withdrawing only three samples between 10 and 30 min after injection and using a two point calibration line.
β‐Hydroxysulfoxides as Chiral Cyclic Ketone Equivalents: Enantioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Cyclohexanones, Cyclohexenones and Cyclohexenediones. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recovery of Nanoparticles Made Easy (2010)

Here is demonstrated a novel approach to reversible control over nanoparticle (NP) stability, permitting facile recovery for the reuse of inorganic NPs. For the first time, the separation of NPs is achieved by suspending the nanostructures in a background-supporting colloidal fluid, which itself shows a liquid-liquid critical-type phase transition at a temperature T(c) instead of using a normal molecular solvent.
Utilization of L-methionine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine for methylation of soluble RNA by mouse liver and hepatoma extracts. (1967)

Summary The methyl group of l-methionine or S -adenosyl-l-methionine is used by nonparticulate mouse liver and hepatoma preparations to methylate soluble ribonucleic acid (sRNA). Escherichia coli K12 sRNA was a more active substrate than yeast sRNA. Four different lots of E. coli B sRNA gave similar incorporations between lots. “Stripped” and “nonstripped” sRNA had similar amounts of methyl incorporation. Other nucleoside triphosphates besides adenosine triphosphate were capable of supporting the incorporation of methyl groups from l-methionine into sRNA. The nonspecificity of the nucleoside triphosphate reaction was shown to be due to an adenosine diphosphokinase reaction and not to nucleoside triphosphate:l-methionine nucleosidyl transferase activity. Mouse hepatoma BW7756 was found to have lower amounts of methylation activity than mouse liver if l-methionine- 14 CH 3 was used as the methyl donor, although hepatoma tissue had over twice as much sRNA methylase activity per se as liver on a gm tissue equivalent or protein weight basis. However, embryonic liver as well as other embryonic and neoplastic tissues also had increased amounts of sRNA methylase activity over that of their adult counterparts.
Soluble thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptors are absent in murine sera – detection with anti‐mTSLPR monoclonal antibodies (2005)

Two monoclonal antibodies, termed nnIE11 and nnIG11, were generated against the murine thymic stromal lymphopoietin receptor, mTSLPR, using traditional hybridoma technology. The antibody-producing hybridoma clones were obtained by fusing P3X63-Ag8.653 myeloma cells with splenocytes from Balb/c mice immunized with anti-FLAG M2 affinity-purified FLAG-tagged mTSLPR from pSVL-mTSLPR-FLAG-transfected COS cells and Ni-NTA-purified his-tagged mTSLPR from recombinant FastBacHisB-mdelta1 baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. Several monoclonal anti-mTSLPR-specific hybridoma clones were obtained and two of these clones are further characterized here. The generated antibodies could in an immunoblotting identify baculovirus-expressed mTSLPR proteins with a molecular weight corresponding to 50 kDa. Both immunoblotting and ELISA with recombinant mouse TSLPR/Fc chimera as antigen, having only the N-terminal domain of mTSLPR present, indicated that the generated monoclonal antibodies identify the C-terminus of mTSLPR. Although sandwich ELISAs performed with a goat anti-mTSLPR antiserum as capture antibody and nnIE11 as indicator antibody were able to detect mTSLPR in the range of 5 ng/ml, no souble mTSLPR could be observed in serum samples from CBA/H, Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice.
[Subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with ischemic heart disease]. (1993)

A total of 187 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) were examined. Out of them 60% were found as having subclinical hypothyroidism. The serum levels of T3 were significantly lower, particularly in arrhythmic CHD, the level of T4 was normal and even increased, thus making the concentrations of TTG normal, i.e. the T3-low-syndrome was detected. Hypothyroidism in CHD patients decreased tissue oxygen consumption, by reducing the incidence of acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, the atherosclerotic process becoming disseminated and progressive. Cordarone therapy was found to promote the progression of T3-hypothyroidism, i.e. in CHD patients with suspected hypothyroidism, the drugs inhibiting the thyroidal function should not be used. T3-Hypothyroidism should be corrected with adequate doses of triiodothyronine in CHD patients. The use of thyroxine is ineffective as the conversion of T4 to T3 is impaired in the body.
Triple‐balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty: An advantageous technique for percutaneous repair of pulmonary valve stenosis in the large pediatric and adult patients (2005)

This report describes a new valvuloplasty procedure for the treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis (PVS) and large pulmonary valve annulus (PVA) diameters using a triple-balloon valvuloplasty (TBV) technique. We sought to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of this new technique. Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) is the preferred treatment for PVS. BPV in older patients with large PVA remains a challenge, even when the double-balloon valvuloplasty technique is performed. The technique was first attempted in a case where a large single balloon was unsuccessful and double-balloon valvuloplasty met with technical difficulties. Three subsequent patients underwent the procedure safely and successfully. An algorithm is presented to determine balloon size for TBV. The median PVA diameter was 23.9 mm. Balloon diameters ranged from 12 to 18 mm. The median peak right ventricular-to-pulmonary artery systolic pressure gradient was 43.5 mm Hg before valvuloplasty and was reduced to 12 mm Hg following intervention. No major complications were encountered. Percutaneous valvuloplasty using TBV can be performed safely and provides excellent clinical results. This technique offers advantages over single-balloon and double-balloon valvuloplasty techniques, especially in treatment of PVS in large pediatric or adult patients.
Pre-Hardening Effect on Low Cycle Fatigue (1992)

A continuum damage mechanics model which accounts for the coupling effect among plastic damage, fatigue damage and creep damage is proposed. The model is capable of identifying the beneficial effects of pre-hardening on fatigue life of metals. It is shown that the proposed damage model can predict the fatigue lifetime of RS50 steel subjected to single pre-hardening load and double pre-hardening load yielding satisfactory agreement with experimental results. The model can also be applied to analyze the non linear damage accumulation behavior of two-level fatigue tests.
The 1990 Presidential Address - part 2. An introduction to the British wax-flies (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) with a revised key to British species (1991)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Measurement of the effects of Faraday shields on ICRH antenna coupling (1990)

Compact loop antennas are being applied to several fusion experiments, including DIII-D, the Advanced Toroidal Facility, Tore Supra, and the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor. Although individual configurations vary, all of these antennas generally comprise a current strap in a recessed box and a Faraday shield. The coupling characteristics of cavity antennas that have current straps with the previously evaluated cross-sectional shapes are tested with several Faraday shields. The coupling is purely a measure of the magnetic flux linkage at relevant ion-cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) frequencies and does not include plasma spectral effects. Impedances and relative fields are measured for various combinations of the current strap and Faraday shield. The experiments show that the fractional reduction in the magnetic flux linkage to the plasma resulting from the addition of any particular Faraday shield is virtually independent of the shape of the current strap. This is true in spite of the fact that the same mechanism which is responsible for the reduction in flux is also responsible for a significant redistribution of the antenna current on the current strap. Thus the process of optimizing antennas is reduced to that of separately optimizing the current strap and Faraday shield.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>