gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Projected Inverse Dynamics Approach for Multi-Arm Cartesian Impedance Control (2018)

We propose a model-based control framework for multi-arm manipulation of a rigid object subject to external disturbances. The control framework, based on projected inverse dynamics, decomposes the control law into constrained and unconstrained subspaces. Unconstrained components accomplish the motion task with a desired 6-DOF Cartesian impedance behaviour against external disturbances. Meanwhile, the constrained component enforces contact and friction constraints by optimising for contact forces within the constrained subspace. External disturbances are explicitly compensated for without using force/torque sensors at the contact points. The approach is evaluated on a dual-arm platform manipulating a rigid object while coping with unknown object dynamics and human interaction.
Methiodide of the GABA antagonist (+)‐bicuculline is levorotatory (1989)

Abstract The appearance of positive charge on the nitrogen moiety of phthalideisoquinoline alkaloids brings about a strong change in the intensities of CD Cotton effects. Hence the optical rotations of enantiomeric salts and their parent base of identical configuration are often of opposite sign. Thus, the name (+)‐bicuculline‐methiodide for the methiodide salt of (+)‐bicuculline is false.
Identification of a novel COL2A1 mutation (c.1744G>A) in a Japanese family: a case report (2014)

A novel COL2A1 mutation (c.1744G>A) was identified within one Japanese family.
Blanks to be Filled (2015)

Jia Pingwa’s Decadent Capital was wildly popular upon its publication in 1993. Offering plenty of sex and a bleak view of Chinese society under reform, it was also highly controversial, not least because of the blank squares strewn throughout the text to represent erotic descriptions edited out by the author. Commentators accused Jia of selling out high culture, much like the intellectuals portrayed in the narrative. The novel was banned in 1994 but rereleased in 2009 with one major change: the blank squares were replaced by ellipses. I argue that these blank squares not only make public censorship itself but also constitute the space of alternative publics, whether harking back to an elided past or projecting into a future yet to be written, that the post-Tiananmen Party-state tries to nullify.
Antiphospholipid antibodies in sickle cell disease (1993)

Antiphospholipid antibody formation can be induced in mice by phospholipid in a hexagonal II phase but not by phospholipid in a bilayer phase. Since sickle red cell membranes have increased hexagonal II phase content, we have measured serum antiphospholipid antibody levels in 25 patients with sickle cell disease to determine whether anti-phospholipid antibody may similarly be induced in these patients. Seventeen of the 25 patients (68%) had increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies. Eleven patients (65%) had IgG and six each (35%) had IgM and IgA isotypes. Antiphosphatidylethanolamine, antiphosphatidylserine, antiphosphatidylinositol, and antiphosphatidic acid were the most frequently increased antibodies. The finding of increased antiphospholipid antibodies in these patients is compatible with the concept that antiphospholipid antibody formation is associated with structural changes in the red cell membrane and that such structural changes occur in the red cells of patients with sickle cell disease.
Glycolate: Dichlorophenolindophenol Oxidoreductase in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (1971)

GLYCOLATE: dichlorophenolindophenol oxidoreductase levels in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are not under the immediate control of the CO(2) tension to which the cells are exposed. The enzyme is synthesized initially in 5% CO(2) in air at a similar rate to that in air. It disappears from the cell under nitrogen-limitation.
Abstract 89: The Ventriculo-Ventricular Coupling Index: A Novel Approach to Assessing Biventricular Function (2012)

Bi-ventricular (Bi-V) function in primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH) or PH secondary to left heart failure (SPH) remains difficult to characterize. As a measure of ventricular efficiency, ventriculo-arterial coupling (VAC) is calculated as the ratio of effective arterial elastance (Ea) to end-systolic elastance (Ees). No measure currently assesses ventriculo-ventricular coupling (VVC). Therefore, we developed a novel catheter-based approach to quantify Bi-V function using pressure-volume loop (PVL) analysis and hypothesized that Bi-V VAC ratios, defined as the VVC index (VVCI), may discriminate PPH and SPH. Methods: Adult male mice (n=6/group) underwent constriction of the pulmonary artery (PAC) or thoracic aorta (TAC) to model PPH and SPH respectively. Sham-operated animals underwent a left thoracotomy. Closed chest simultaneous Bi-V catheterization was performed after 7 days in PPH and 10 weeks in SPH. Conductance catheters were used for right and left ventricular PVL analysis via the right external jugular vein and right common carotid artery under steady-state conditions and with variable preload. Results: Steady-state Bi-V PVL and changes in VAC ratios and the VVCI are shown below. In sham mice VAC ratios and the VVCI reflect optimal ventricular efficiency. In PPH, the VVCI is significantly increased, while in SPH, the VVCI is significantly decreased compared to controls. Conclusion: These results identify a novel method to quantify Bi-V function in mice and further show that the VVCI can distinguish PPH and SPH. These findings have important implications for examining cardiac function in preclinical and clinical studies of left- and right-sided heart failure.
ESR and <sup>1</sup>H NMR studies of a new class of nitroxyl, nitronylnitroxyl and iminonitroxyl radicals (1986)

Abstract A new synthesis of nitronylnitroxyl (NNR), iminonitroxyl (INR) and nitroxyl radicals (NR) is suggested, involving oxidation of 4 H ‐imidazol di‐ N ‐oxides with O 2 or PbO 2 in the presence of nucleophilic reagents. This method allowed the preparation of radicals which could not be synthesized by known procedures. These radicals were studied by ESR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The hyperfine interaction constants of the NNR were measured and assigned (in some cases radicals containing 15 N were used). The influence of protonation and deprotonation of functional groups (OH, NH 2 ) in the NNR on their ESR spectra was investigated and the p K values of these radicals were measured by ESR. Differences between the ESR spectra of two isomeric INR were found, and the structures of these radicals were established by 1 H NMR. Changes in spin density delocalization in 3‐imidazoline 3‐oxide nitroxyl radicals were studied, and the spin density was found to be ‘pushed out’ to the peripheral fragments of these radicals on increasing the number of methoxy groups in the α‐position to the N—O . fragment. Hindered rotation around the σ‐bond of a bulky substituent in the α‐position to the N—O . fragment was detected by ESR. The activation energy of this hindered rotation was Δ E = 30±1.7 kJ mol −1 .
A DCT-based adaptive metric learning model using asymptotic local information measure (2002)

We present an adaptive metric learning vector quantization procedure based on the discrete-cosine transform (DCT) for accurate face recognition used in multimedia applications. Since the set of learning samples may be small, we employ a mixture model of prior distributions. The model selection method, which minimizes the cross entropy between the real distribution and the modeled one, is presented to optimize the mixture number and local metric parameters. The structural risk minimization is used to facilitate an asymptotic approximation of the cross entropy for models of fixed complexity. We also provide a formula to estimate the model complexity derived from the minimum description length criterion. The structural risk minimization method proposed achieves an recognition error rate of 2.29% using the ORL database, which is better than previously reported numbers using the Karhunen-Loeve transform convolution network, the hidden Markov model and the eigenface model.
Traffic performance analysis of the integrated dual-band cellular radio networks (2000)

The teletraffic performance of integrated dual-band networks is evaluated. This type of network links two cellular radio systems which have different sets of frequency bands and the same cell size to a single base station. Dual-band mobile stations use handoff to establish calls on the better system. The multidimensional birth–death process is used to characterise the system state and evaluate the performance of dual-band networks in a given cell. The analytical results show that an integrated dual-band network can provide higher offered traffic load than a heterogeneous network, which can only handle roaming between two cellular radio systems. The blocking probability and the offered traffic load of the integrated dual-band network are also calculated by the Erlang-B formula to validate the results.
Transient-Response Equalization through Steady-State Methods (1949)

This paper describes a steady-state method for matching the pulse-response characteristics of two or more networks using only a sinusoidal signal generator and a cathode-ray oscilloscope. Photographs of the patterns displayed on the screen of the oscilloscope, and analyses to permit rapid determination of the network adjustments to effect equal pulse-response characteristics, are presented.
Estimation of Mold Powder Consumption in Continuous Casting (1998)

The inflow phenomena of mold powder between mold and solidified shell are very important for continuous casting opreation and quality of cast products.in this experimenral study, mold powder consumption was measured with a apparatus called 'mold simulator'using several kinds of mold powders. Based on the results from the experiments, the following fidings were obtained. Mold powder consumption, Q, was affected by the powder properties, powder viscosity, η, crystallization temperature, Tcs, and also affected by the mold oscillation, amplitude, A, and frequency, f and casting speed, Vc, and deformation ratio βof sinusoidal curve to non-sinusoidal. As the result, the next equation of mold powder consumption was obatined.Q = K·βA0.4/Tcs1.6√ηVccos-1(-1000Vc/2πfA)This equation can be used to find the adequate operation conditions when the mold powder properties and the amplitude of mold oscillation are changed.
Nitric oxide induced contractile dysfunction is related to a reduction in myocardial energy generation (1997)

In the isolated heart NO can potently depress myocardial energy generation thus being an effective modulator of cardiac contractility. This effect of NO may be of pathophysiological significance in cardiac muscle disorders in vivo.
Sawtooth grating-assisted phase-matching (2010)

We show that a sawtooth phase-modulation is the optimal profile for grating assisted phase matching (GAPM). Perfect (sharp) sawtooth modulation fully corrects the phase-mismatch, exhibiting conversion equal to conventional phase matching, while smoothened, approximate sawtooth structures are more efficient than sinusoidal or square GAPM modulations that were previously studied. As an example, we demonstrate numerically optically-induced sawtooth GAPM for high harmonic generation. Sawtooth GAPM is the most efficient method for increasing the conversion efficiency of high harmonic generation through quasi-phase-matching, with an ultimate efficiency that closely matches the ideal phase-matching case.
The Effects of Multivitamin Supplementation on Diurnal Cortisol Secretion and Perceived Stress (2013)

Recent evidence suggests that dietary intake of vitamins, in particular the B-vitamins including B6, B9 and B12 may have a number of positive effects on mood and stress. Given the effects of stress on a range of biological mechanisms including the endocrine system, it could be reasonably expected that multivitamin supplementation may also affect markers of these mechanisms such as diurnal cortisol secretion. In the current double-blind placebo-controlled study 138 adults (aged 20 to 50 years) were administered a multivitamin containing B-vitamins versus placebo over a 16-week period. Salivary cortisol measurements were taken at waking, 15-min, 30-min and at bedtime, at baseline, 8-weeks and 16-weeks. Perceived Stress (PSS) was measured at baseline, 8-weeks and 16-weeks, while blood serum measures of B6, B12 and homocysteine (HCy) as well as red cell folate (B9) were also collected at these time points. A significant interaction was found between treatment group and study visit for the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR). Compared to placebo, at 16-weeks multivitamin supplementation was found to be associated with a near-significant trend towards an increased CAR. No significant differences in PSS were found between groups, with PSS increasing in both groups across the course of the study. Red cell folate was found to be significantly correlated with the CAR response at 16-weeks while HCy levels were not found to be associated with the CAR response, although HCy significantly correlated with waking cortisol levels at 8-weeks. A possible interpretation of the elevation in CAR associated with multivitamin supplementation is that this represents an adaptive response to everyday demands in healthy participants.
Fundamentals of Intrinsic Stress during Silicide Formation (2007)

Silicides are a very useful group of materials which can be used to make electrical contacts to circuits in electronic devices with an extremely high performance. The stress in thin films is an increasingly important technological issue from the standpoint of reliability and performance in IC processing. Manufacturers of micro electronic devices have to control the stress levels in the contact films to avoid device failures. Phase transitions such as silicidation or even a simple rearrangement of atoms like relaxation in the metal film cause a difference in the volume of the film from its starting value. This volume change produces stress inside the film. In this work we analyzed the stress evolution during the silicidation reaction of some metals such as W and Mo by using a home built in situ stress system at the University of Ghent.
Photoinduced charge dynamics on BaTiO3 (001) surface characterized by scanning probe microscopy (2006)

The surface potential of a multidomain BaTiO3 (001) surface was imaged in the presence and absence of ultraviolet (UV) illumination. The UV radiation induces a decrease in the surface potential contrast between c+ and c− domains with a time constant of a few seconds due to redistribution of photocarriers and screening. A slower process of recovery was observed after illumination. In addition, scanning a conducting atomic force microscopy tip in contact under UV illumination destabilizes some ferroelectric domains.
Comparative Studies of Non-destructive Methods for As-manufactured Brake Pads (2010)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study several non-destructive test methods have been applied to as-manufactured automotive brake pads. The primary emphasis of our study is the formulation and development of ultrasonic methods where four independent velocity modes are measured on each pad. For two of the measurements, the ultrasound is propagated in-the-plane of the pad, while in two other measurements the ultrasound is propagated through-the-thickness (out-of-plane). Over 300 pads from five different manufacturers have been tested. In many cases, the ultrasonic data is compared with other testing methods including conventional compressibility tests, modal analysis, and hardness testing. In some cases, measurements have been made of several different batches of materials to test long term consistency of the material properties in the production environment. In other studies the production process has been deliberately altered to help establish specific cause and effect relationships.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Whereas many of the other testing methods measure the properties of the brake pad component, the ultrasonic technique uniquely measures only the friction material properties. Furthermore, the ultrasonic methods have spatial resolution on the order of one square centimeter, thus it is possible to make multiple measurements within a single pad. Data will be presented comparing the variation observed within pads, to the pad-to-pad variations and batch-to batch variations. These ultrasonic data will be correlated with compressibility, modal data, and hardness data.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The development of the ultrasonic measurement technique applicable to as-manufactured components will be described in detail. The reproducibility and repeatability of the methods are quantified by comparing repeat measurements on the same samples as well as comparing measurement made by different operators/instruments. Lastly, the ultrasonic measurement process is intrinsically fast and can be readily automated. We will discuss how these methods can be automated in order provide in-line quality assurance measurement capability at the point of manufacture.</div></div>
4D Shape and Strain Mapping of Biological Specimens (2006)

3D shape maps of biological specimens, captured under both static and dynamic conditions, using new computer vision based instrumentation, demonstrate radical efficiency and accuracy gains compared to close range stereo photogrammetry. This innovative shape and strain mapping technology automates shape data extraction procedures and provides precise, high‐density, point cloud data. The biological sample video topographer, BioSpecVT™, projects a calibrated structured light pattern onto the specimen that supports automated computer vision feature extraction software for precisely and rapidly transforming images captured at video frame rates into three dimensional point cloud data. Mapping transforms are based on in situ calibration data, not mathematical models. Tested performance properties of a turnkey, customizable, BioSpecVT™ (ver. 1.02) prototype: Bioprosthetic heart valve mapping demonstrates coverage under dynamic conditions. Maps of the eye and a ceramic substrate demonstrate versatility. Operating principles and theory for simplified strain mapping are discussed. Supported in part by National Institutes of Health SBIR grants.
Isolation and Characterization of Streptococcus mutans Phage as a Possible Treatment Agent for Caries (2021)

<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> is a key bacterium in dental caries, one of the most prevalent chronic infectious diseases. Conventional treatment fails to specifically target the pathogenic bacteria, while tending to eradicate commensal bacteria. Thus, caries remains one of the most common and challenging diseases. Phage therapy, which involves the use of bacterial viruses as anti-bacterial agents, has been gaining interest worldwide. Nevertheless, to date, only a few phages have been isolated against <i>S. mutans</i>. In this study, we describe the isolation and characterization of a new <i>S. mutans</i> phage, termed SMHBZ8, from hundreds of human saliva samples that were collected, filtered, and screened. The SMHBZ8 genome was sequenced and analyzed, visualized by TEM, and its antibacterial properties were evaluated in various states. In addition, we tested the lytic efficacy of SMHBZ8 against <i>S. mutans</i> in a human cariogenic dentin model. The isolation and characterization of SMHBZ8 may be the first step towards developing a potential phage therapy for dental caries.
Heterosupramolecular Chemistry: An Approach to Modulating Function in Molecular Devices (1996)

Abstract Linked viologen‐anthraquinone molecules are attached to TiO 2 nanocrystallites supported on a conducting glass substrate. The resulting assembly is incorporated as the working electrode in an electrochemical cell. Under opencircuit conditions, band‐gap excitation of the semiconductor nanocrystallite results in viologen‐mediated electron transfer to anthraquinone. Prior application of a negative potential step, which results in 2e − /2H + reduction of anthraquinone, permits electron transfer only to viologen. At positive applied potentials, electron transfer following band‐gap excitation is largely suppressed. Some implications of these findings for modulation of function in molecular devices are considered.
Reversible modulation of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor‐mediated currents by light is dependent on the redox state of the receptor (2003)

Light has recently been shown to be a physical modulator of GABAA receptor activity. Here, we further characterize the effects of light on a native cortical and retinal population of GABAA receptors, and identify a possible mechanism for light induced potentiation using recombinant receptors. GABA-induced currents in cortical neurons were observed to be rapidly and reversibly potentiated following exposure to a brief flash of light (0.5-2 s; > 280 nm) directed via an optical fibre (50 micro m i.d.). GABAA receptor-mediated responses in retinal ganglion cells were also enhanced by light, while glycine-induced currents in these cells were unaffected by the same stimulus. We also determined that physiological levels of light, that is, those that would normally reach the retina, also enhanced GABA-induced currents. Finally, we observed that chemical reduction of recombinant alpha1beta2 and alpha1beta2gamma2S GABAA receptors by dithiothreitol substantially attenuated the effects of light. These results suggest that GABAA receptors can be reversibly modified by a brief pulse of light via an allosteric mechanism that is intimately linked to redox modulation.
Synthesis, CD Spectra, and Enzymatic Stability of <i>β</i><sup>2</sup>‐Oligoazapeptides Prepared from (<i>S</i>)‐2‐Hydrazino Carboxylic Acids Carrying the Side Chains of Val, Ala, and Leu (2003)

Abstract β ‐Peptides offer the unique possibility to incorporate additional heteroatoms into the peptidic backbone ( Figs. 1 and 2 ). We report here the synthesis and spectroscopic investigations of β 2 ‐peptide analogs consisting of ( S )‐3‐aza‐ β ‐amino acids carrying the side chains of Val, Ala, and Leu. The hydrazino carboxylic acids were prepared by a known method: Boc amidation of the corresponding N ‐benzyl‐ L ‐ α ‐amino acids with an oxaziridine ( Scheme 1 ). Couplings and fragment coupling of the 3‐benzylaza‐ β 2 ‐amino acids and a corresponding tripeptide ( N ‐Boc/ C ‐OMe strategy) with common peptide‐coupling reagents in solution led to β 2 ‐di, β 2 ‐tri‐, and β 2 ‐hexaazapeptide derivatives, which could be N ‐debenzylated ( 4 – 9 ; Schemes 2–4 ). The new compounds were identified by optical rotation, and IR, 1 H‐ and 13 C‐NMR, and CD spectroscopy ( Figs. 4 and 5 ) and high‐resolution mass spectrometry, and, in one case, by X‐ray crystallography ( Fig. 3 ). In spite of extensive measurements under various conditions (temperatures, solvents), it was not possible to determine the secondary structure of the β 2 ‐azapeptides by NMR spectroscopy (overlapping and broad signals, fast exchange between the two types of NH protons!). The CD spectra of the N ‐Boc and C ‐OMe terminally protected hexapeptide analog 9 in MeOH and in H 2 O (at different pH) might arise from a ( P )‐ 3 14 ‐helical structure. The N ‐Boc‐ β 2 ‐tri and N ‐Boc‐ β 2 ‐hexaazapeptide esters, 7 and 9 , were shown to be stable for 48 h against the following peptidases: pronase, proteinase K, chymotrypsin, trypsin, carboxypeptidase A, and 20S proteasome.