gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
System y+L: the broad scope and cation modulated amino acid transporter (1998)

The properties are discussed of system y+L, a broad scope amino acid transporter which was first identified in human erythrocytes. System y+L exhibits two distinctive properties: (a) it can bind and translocate cationic and neutral amino acids, and (b) its specificity varies depending on the ionic composition of the medium. In Na+ medium, the half-saturation constant for L-lysine influx was 9.5 +/- 0.67 microM and the inhibition constant (Ki) for L-leucine was 10.7 +/- 0.72 microM. L-Leucine is the neutral amino acid that binds more powerfully, whereas smaller analogues, such as L-alanine and L-serine interact less strongly (the corresponding inhibition constants were Ki,Ala, 0.62 +/- 0.11 mM; Ki,Ser, 0.49 +/- 0.08 mM). In the presence of K+, the carrier functions as a cationic amino acid specific carrier, but Li+ is able to substitute for Na+ facilitating neutral amino acid binding. The effect of the inorganic cations is restricted to the recognition of neutral amino acids; translocation occurs at similar rates in the presence of Na+, K+ and Li+. The only structural feature that appears to impair translocation is bulkiness and substrates with half-saturation constants differing by more than 100-fold translocate at the same rate. This suggests that translocation is largely independent of the forces of interaction between the substrate and the carrier site. System y+L activity has been observed in Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with the cRNA for the heavy chain of the 4F2 human surface antigen. 4F2hc is an integral membrane protein with a single putative membrane-spanning domain and it remains to be clarified whether it is part of the transporter or an activator protein.
“Majority Representation” of Alloy Electronic States (1998)

Despite the lack of translational symmetry in random substitutional alloys, their description in terms of single Bloch states has been used in most phenomenological models and spectroscopic practices. We present a new way of analyzing the alloy electronic structures based on a ``majority representation'' phenomenon of the reciprocal space spectrum $P\left(\mathbf{k}\right)$ of the wave function. This analysis provides a quantitative answer to the questions: When can an alloy state be classified according to the crystal Bloch state symmetry, and under what circumstances are the conventional theoretical alloy models applicable.
AlN piezoelectric on silicon MEMS resonator with boosted Q using planar patterned phononic crystals on anchors (2015)

We report an approach to suppress anchor loss in thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon (TPoS) micromechanical (MEMS) resonators by patterning 2D phononic crystals (PnCs) externally on the anchors. The PnCs serve as a frequency-selective reflector for outgoing acoustic waves through the tethers of the TPoS resonator. According to our experimental results, combining the PnCs with the conventional TPoS resonator significantly enhances the quality factor (Q) and correspondingly lowers the insertion loss (IL). The measured improvement is reproducible over multiple samples and consistent with the simulations by tuning the PnC bandgaps, suggesting significant reduction of acoustic leakage to the substrate by adopting the PnCs.
A MICROWAVE WAVEGUIDE TROMBONE PHASE SHIFTER (1956)

A microwave phase shifter is described which is based on the sliding principle of the trombone and which involves the telescoping together of two snugly-fitting sections of rectangular waveguide of different cross-sectional dimensions. Quarter-wave transformers are used to reduce the reflection at the change of waveguide cross-section. An attempt is made to increase the bandwidth of the instrument by making the transformers of different lengths. A phase change of several wavelengths is possible with an error of approximately plus or minus one degree.
Assessment of stress-related gene expression in the heavy metal-exposed nematode<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>: A potential biomarker for metal-induced toxicity monitoring and environmental risk assessment (2006)

The toxicity of cadmium, lead, chromium, and arsenite on Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated to identify sensitive biomarkers for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. Effects of these metals on stress-related gene expression, growth, reproduction, and mortality of C. elegans were investigated under laboratory conditions. The possibility of using C. elegans as a biosensor for environmental toxicity monitoring was also tested using a green fluorescent protein transgenic nematode. The 24-h median lethal concentrations of cadmium, lead, chromium, and arsenite in C. elegans were 846, 34, 115, and 92 mg/L, respectively. Cadmium exposure led to an increase in the expression of most of the genes tested. The degree of increase was more than threefold compared to control in heat shock protein 16.2, heat shock protein 70, metallothionein 2, cytochrome P450 family protein 35A2, glutathione-S-transferase 4, superoxide dismutase 1, catalase 2, C. elegans p53-like protein 1, and apoptosis enhancer 1 genes. The lead-, chromium-, and arsenite-exposed nematode, on the other hand, showed little change in gene expression. Alterations in growth and reproduction were observed in cadmium- and chromium-exposed worms. To consider a transgenic nematode as a biosensor for toxicity monitoring, the responses of stress-related gene promoters need to be tested with a variety of metals. The overall results suggest that cadmium exhibits a high level of tolerance compared to the other metals tested. Use of the responses of stress-related gene expression therefore has considerable potential as a sensitive biomarker for the diagnosis of cadmium contamination, and C. elegans seems to be a good biological model for this approach.
Peptide Synthesis Based on <i>t</i>-Boc Chemistry and Solution Photogenerated Acids (2000)

Solution reactions using photogenerated reagents (PGRs) (Gao, X.; Yu, P. Y.; Leproust, E.; Sonigo, L.; Pellois, J. P.; Zhang, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12698) are developed for parallel synthesis of addressable, combinatorial molecular microarrays. To advance the PGR chemistry for general chemical conversions, light-controlled synthesis of peptides, which employs photogenerated acids (PGAs) and/or in combination with photosensitizers for deprotection of N-t-Boc group, is demonstrated. These reactions were performed on resin and glass plates and conveniently monitored by HPLC analysis (reactions on resin) and fluorescence emission after coupling the deprotected NH(2) group with 4(5)-carboxyfluorescein. These results demonstrate the potential of the PGA chemistry for parallel synthesis of addressable peptide libraries on a microarray platform.
Recurrent second trimester pregnancy loss: evaluation and management (2009)

This comprehensive literature review and management protocol will provide the clinician with a thorough, systematic, and practical approach to the patient with recurrent pregnancy loss in order to maximize her chance of optimal pregnancy outcome.
Timing analysis of Ada tasking programs (1996)

Concurrent real-time software is increasingly used in safety-critical embedded systems. Assuring the quality of such software requires the rigor of formal methods. In order to analyze a program formally, we must first construct a mathematical model of its behavior. In this paper, we consider the problem of constructing such models for concurrent real-time software. In particular, we provide a method for building mathematical models of real-time Ada tasking programs that are accurate enough to verify interesting timing properties, and yet abstract enough to yield a tractable analysis on nontrivial programs. Our approach differs from schedulability analysis in that we do not assume that the software has a highly restricted structure (e.g. a set of periodic tasks). Also, unlike most abstract models of real-time systems, we account for essential properties of real implementations, such as resource constraints and run-time overhead.
Moderate inhibitory effect of interleukin-10 on human neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis in vitro. (1998)

Neutrophils and monocytes are the major classes of phagocytes that migrate from the blood stream and accumulate in inflamed tissues in response to various chemoattractants. Because IL-10 is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine, we analyzed its in vitro effect on chemotaxis using an under agarose method. We found that, as compared to prednisolone, IL-10 alone was a modest inhibitor of C5a, fMLP and IL-8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, and C5a-induced monocyte chemotaxis. However, GM-CSF pretreatment of the cells potentiated this inhibitory effect. Similarly, the IL-10 induced modulation of the beta2 integrin CD11b/CD18 adhesion molecule expression was only observed on GM-CSF-preactivated neutrophils and monocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that the migration and accumulation of phagocytes at infection sites would not be significantly affected by IL-10 given as an immunomodulatory therapy.
Strip Cladding of Main Propeller Shafting with Ni Alloy 625 by Electroslag Surfacing (1992)

A comprehensive comparison between electroslag surfacing (ESS) and submerged arc surfacing (SAS) using 30mm (1.2in) wide x 0.5mm (0.020in) thick Ni Alloy 625 strip was conducted in both the as-deposited and stress relieved (at 604-deg C, 1120-deg F) conditions. In most cases, exactly duplicate cladding conditions were used to best compare ESS with SAS. Ni Alloy 625 strip was deposited on 10cm (4in) thick flat plates and 64cm (25in) diameter shafting (both MIL-S-23284 Class 1 steel) using optimized ESS and SAS processes. Tensile, CVN toughness, and face and side bend tests were performed on as-welded and stress-relieved cladding at room temperature. Microstructural analyses of the clad specimens were performed using optical and electron microscopy.
Fractalkine-Induced MFG-E8 Leads to Enhanced Apoptotic Cell Clearance by Macrophages (2007)

Clearance of apoptotic cells is crucial to maintain cellular function under normal and pathological conditions. We have recently shown that administration of immature dendritic cell-derived exosomes to septic animals promotes phagocytosis of apoptotic cells and improves survival by providing milk fat globule epidermal growth factor-factor VIII (MFG-E8). MFG-E8 acts as an opsonin for apoptotic cells to be engulfed by phagocytosis. In the present study we investigated whether the CX(3)C-chemokine fractalkine (CX(3)CL1) promotes apoptotic cell clearance through the induction of MFG-E8 in peritoneal macrophages. Cultured rat peritoneal macrophages (pMphi) and RAW264.7 macrophages were stimulated with LPS and CX(3)CL1. MFG-E8 expression was assessed by Western blot, cytokine secretion was assessed by ELISA, and phagocytosis of apoptotic thymocytes was determined by microscopy. For in vivo studies, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was used to induce sepsis in rats and mice. LPS significantly decreased MFG-E8 levels and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, whereas CX(3)CL1 induced MFG-E8 expression in both nonstimulated and LPS-stimulated pMphi, without affecting TNF-alpha and IL-6 release. Anti-MFG-E8 blocking antibodies completely abrogated the prophagocytic effect of CX(3)CL1. Twenty hours after the induction of sepsis in rats via CLP, plasma CX(3)CL1 levels as well as MFG-E8 production in peritoneal macrophages decreased by 21% and 56%, respectively. Administration of CX(3)CL1 on the other hand induced MFG-E8 and prevented tissue injury. We conclude that CX(3)CL1 induces MFG-E8 in vitro and in vivo and enhances clearance of apoptotic cells in an MFG-E8-dependent manner. These findings suggest a possible novel treatment for patients in sepsis.
A Stand-Alone Smart Camera System for Online Post-Earthquake Building Safety Assessment (2020)

Computer vision-based approaches are very useful for dynamic displacement measurement, damage detection, and structural health monitoring. However, for the application using a large number of existing cameras in buildings, the computational cost of videos from dozens of cameras using a centralized computer becomes a huge burden. Moreover, when a manual process is required for processing the videos, prompt safety assessment of tens of thousands of buildings after a catastrophic earthquake striking a megacity becomes very challenging. Therefore, a decentralized and fully automatic computer vision-based approach for prompt building safety assessment and decision-making is desired for practical applications. In this study, a prototype of a novel stand-alone smart camera system for measuring interstory drifts was developed. The proposed system is composed of a single camera, a single-board computer, and two accelerometers with a microcontroller unit. The system is capable of compensating for rotational effects of the camera during earthquake excitations. Furthermore, by fusing the camera-based interstory drifts with the accelerometer-based ones, the interstory drifts can be measured accurately even when residual interstory drifts exist. Algorithms used to compensate for the camera's rotational effects, algorithms used to track the movement of three targets within three regions of interest, artificial neural networks used to convert the interstory drifts to engineering units, and some necessary signal processing algorithms, including interpolation, cross-correlation, and filtering algorithms, were embedded in the smart camera system. As a result, online processing of the video data and acceleration data using decentralized computational resources is achieved in each individual smart camera system to obtain interstory drifts. Using the maximum interstory drifts measured during an earthquake, the safety of a building can be assessed right after the earthquake excitation. We validated the feasibility of the prototype of the proposed smart camera system through the use of large-scale shaking table tests of a steel building. The results show that the proposed smart camera system had very promising results in terms of assessing the safety of steel building specimens after earthquake excitations.
Networked Control Systems Secured by Quantum Key Distribution (2018)

Cyber-security has become vital for modern networked control systems (NCS). In this paper, we propose that the emerging technology of quantum key distribution (QKD) can be applied to enhance the privacy and security of NCS up to an unbreakable level. QKD can continuously distribute random secret keys with much higher privacy between communication parties, and thus enable the one-time pad encryption that cannot be truly applied in classical networks. We show that the resulting overall security of NCS can be essentially improved, and present a composable definition of security based on the analysis of the key generation and management processes. Moreover, because the security is mainly determined by quantum keys rather than the complexity of encryption algorithms, the control performance can be improved as well by reducing the time delay using simpler algorithms. These advantages are demonstrated by the example of a remotely controlled servo system, showing that the introduction of QKD to NCS can simultaneously improve the security and performance by using the simplest encryption algorithm XOR. Furthermore, we propose a novel Kalman-filter embedded communication protocol that can more efficiently use the raw keys generated by QKD.
Stem cells in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease. Part I (2011)

Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading death causes in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The modern methods of reperfusion MI therapy, such as thrombolysis, surgery and balloon revascularization, even when performed early, could fail to prevent the development of large myocardial damage zones, followed by HF. Therefore, the researches have been searching for the methods which improve functional status of damaged myocardium. This review is focused on stem cell therapy, a method aimed at cardiac function restoration. The results of experimental and clinical studies on stem cell therapy in coronary heart disease are presented. Various types of stem cells, used for cellular cardiomyoplasty, are characterised. The methods of cell transplantation into myocardium and potential adverse effects of stem cell therapy are discussed.
Embryonic Renal Epithelia: Induction, Nephrogenesis, and Cell Differentiation (1999)

Embryonic metanephroi, differentiating into the adult kidney, have come to be a generally accepted model system for organogenesis. Nephrogenesis implies a highly controlled series of morphogenetic and differentiation events that starts with reciprocal inductive interactions between two different primordial tissues and leads, in one of two mainstream processes, to the formation of mesenchymal condensations and aggregates. These go through the intricate process of mesenchyme-to-epithelium transition by which epithelial cell polarization is initiated, and they continue to differentiate into the highly specialized epithelial cell populations of the nephron. Each step along the developmental metanephrogenic pathway is initiated and organized by signaling molecules that are locally secreted polypeptides encoded by different gene families and regulated by transcription factors. Nephrogenesis proceeds from the deep to the outer cortex, and it is directed by a second, entirely different developmental process, the ductal branching of the ureteric bud-derived collecting tubule. Both systems, the nephrogenic (mesenchymal) and the ductogenic (ureteric), undergo a repeat series of inductive signaling that serves to organize the architecture and differentiated cell functions in a cascade of developmental gene programs. The aim of this review is to present a coherent picture of principles and mechanisms in embryonic renal epithelia.
Regulation of Fc receptor and major histocompatibility complex antigen expression on isolated rat microglia by tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1 and lipopolysaccharide: effects on interferon-gamma induced activation. (1992)

Isolated rat brain microglia display enhanced expression of Fc receptors on treatment with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression is enhanced only by IFN-gamma. Although TNF and LPS individually have no effect on MHC expression by microglia, they both antagonize IFN-gamma-induced expression. The enhanced expression of Fc receptors observed in the presence of IFN-gamma, TNF or LPS is significantly inhibited by the combination of IFN-gamma with either LPS or TNF. IL-1 alpha has little effect on IFN-gamma-induced MHC or Fc receptor expression by microglia. Peritoneal macrophages behave similarly to microglia, with the notable exception that IL-1 alpha enhances IFN-gamma-induced FcR expression. These observations suggest that the functional activity of microglia during inflammation or demyelination in the central nervous system can be influenced by the changing profile of cytokines present during lesion development.
Research on the cloud computing oriented recommender system model for mobile commence (2011)

Based on analyzing large amount of literatures of the recommender system for mobile commence both home and abroad, this paper summarized its existing problems such as high-dimensional sparse data, centralized management, poor scalability and robust of the recommender system. Then, this paper designed a cloud computing oriented recommender system for mobile commence and presented a novel distributed recommender algorithm based on cloud computing to address the current problems for sake of broader development space and more accurate decision support.
Ankara Geleneksel Müzik Kültüründe Dinî Simgeler (2013)

Ankara şehri, gerek uzandığı tarihsel derinlik ve gerekse de beslendiği kültürel çeşitlilik açısından önem arzeden bir gelenek üzerine yerleşmiş ve Cumhuriyet Dönemindeki önemini geçmişindeki bu birikim ile pekiştirmiş bir merkezdir. M.Ö. 3000'li yıllardan itibaren zengin bir kentli kültür ile yoğrulmuş olan Ankara'nın nitelik ve nicelik açısından kapsamlı geleneksel müzik kültürü, şehrin geçmişindeki kültür mirasının en önemli göstergeleri arasındadır. Söz konusu zengin kültüre paralel olarak ortaya çıkan değişik dini yapıların hakimiyeti, Ankara'ya ait dini ve dindışı geleneksel müzik örneklerine bu dinlere ait simgelerin girmesini mümkün kılmıştır. Bu durumun Ankara'nın son yüzyıllardaki türkülerine yansıması ise İslam inanışına dair simgelerin, Ankara türkülerinin zengin müzikal ve edebi örgüsünde yaygın bir biçimde yer alması olmuştur. Bu simgelerde İslam'ın değişik dönem ve anlayışlarına, özellikle "Aleviliğe" dair pek çok etki olduğu gibi, İslam öncesi dönemden İslam'a miras olarak aktarılan pek çok olgunun katkısı da görülebilmektedir. Bu simgelerin türkülerde izlenebilmesi, adeta Ankara halkının değişik dönemlerdeki sosyal hayat tercihlerinin de takip edilebilmesi anlamına gelmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı son yüzyıllara ait Ankara türkülerinin sözlerindeki dini simgelerin takip edilerek, bu simgelerin toplumsal hayat ile kurduğu bağların incelenmesidir. Bu şekilde Ankara'nın geçmişindeki sosyal hayatın anlaşılıp, geleceğin kurulmasına dair tutarlı bir çıkarımın yapılabilmesine gayret edilmiştir.
Colorimetric and photometric properties of a 2° fundamental observer (1978)

Abstract The availability of tables with standardized data on the properties of a normal visual visual observer has been a great help in scientific communication. For daily practice these data, going back to the 1920s, still suffice. For basic science they show shortocmings, however. The present paper gives new and extended tables which are intended to be complementary to, rather than to compete with, the old CIE tables.
Effets des acides gras saturés sur la voie de sécrétion. Relation avec la mucoviscidose (2013)

Les acides gras satures (AGS) alterent la fonctionnalite des organites dans de nombreux types cellulaires. Il a ete propose que ce processus, egalement nomme lipointoxication, puisse etre responsable de plusieurs pathologies humaines telles que le diabete de Type 2.Au niveau cellulaire, l'accumulation d'AGS est associee a une augmentation du taux de saturation des phospholipides (PL) membranaires, les composants majoritaires des membranes des organites, mais egalement du taux de ceramides, impliques dans l'induction de l'apoptose.Dans une premiere partie de ce travail, nous avons etudie, chez le modele cellulaire simple Saccharomyces cerevisiae, la contribution relative des PL satures et des ceramides a la cytotoxicite des AGS. Nous avons pu demontrer que les ceramides agissaient a des etapes precoces de la voie de secretion, alors que les PL satures impactaient des etapes plus tardives en alterant en particulier la formation de vesicules de secretion.Parallelement, nous avons egalement constate que le taux d'AGS etait significativement augmente dans les PL membranaires des patients atteints d'une maladie genetique, la mucoviscidose. La mutation la plus frequente responsable de cette maladie, resulte en la retention de la proteine correspondante dans le reticulum endoplasmique. Des molecules pharmacologiques, capables de corriger le trafic de la proteine a sa destination finale ont ete isolees in vitro, mais des limitations importantes ont pu etre observees lors des tests cliniques. Nous proposons dans le present manuscrit que la lipointoxication liee aux AGS pourrait etre un ecueil important a l'utilisation des correcteurs actuels pour le traitement de la mucoviscidose.