gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Field Boundary Information: Using Satellite Images Classified by Artificial Neural Networks (2003)

Remotely sensed images and the thematic maps derived from such images are invaluable sources of information for GIS databases, in terms of providing spatial and temporal information about the nature of Earth surface materials and objects. One of the techniques that has emerged recently, and which has made a great impact on scientific community, is that of artificial neural networks (ANNs). ANNs have been found to be more robust than conventional statistical methods. ANNs have the advantage of being employed in almost all the stages of a GIS system, such as the data preparation, analysis and modelling stages. This study describes a method to extract accurate field boundary information from thematic maps produced from ANN classification results. A feedforward network structure that learns the characteristics of the training data through the backpropagation learning algorithm is employed to classify six land cover features present within the scene. This study also illustrates the role of ANNs in classifying land cover objects. A number of factors affecting classification accuracy, including the determination of the optimum network structure, are discussed. It is observed that classification accuracy of up to 90% is achievable for thematic maps produced by ANNs.
Serum cobalamin, folate, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine as vitamin B12 and folate tissue deficiency markers amongst elderly Swedes – a population‐based study (2001)

A substantial proportion of the elderly general population had signs of low tissue levels of cobalamin or folate. Amongst those who took multivitamin preparations this proportion was much lower.
The Effect of High Temperature on Starch Synthesis and the Activity of Starch Synthase (1994)

The decrease in yield which is observed when developing storage organs such as cereal grains or potato tubers are exposed to high temperatures is due to a lower final starch content. The rate of starch synthesis during the development of these storage organs at high temperature, is either reduced or fails to increase sufficiently to compensate for the shorter developmental period. This effect on the rate of starch synthesis does not seem to be due to a reduction in the supply of photosynthate. One of the enzymes in the pathway of starch synthesis, soluble starch synthase, is susceptible to heat inactivation at unusually low temperatures and may also have a low optimum temperature for maximum activity. In some storage organs, the maximum catalytic activity of soluble starch synthase is not very much greater than the rate of starch synthesis. A decrease in the activity of this enzyme is therefore, likely to affect the rate of starch synthesis. Thus, the effect of high temperature on the rate of starch synthesis may be due, at least in part, to the properties of this enzyme. This review discusses the unusual heat-sensitivity of starch synthase in the context ofthe effects of high temperature on starch synthesis in storage organs.
Candlestick technical trading strategies : can they create value for investors? : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Finance at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand (2005)

This thesis examines the profitability of the oldest known form of technical analysis, candlestick trading strategies. Unlike traditional technical analysis which is based around close prices, these strategies generate buy and sell signals that are based on the relationship between open, high, low and close prices within a day and over consecutive days. Traditional technical analysis, which has been the focus of previous academic research, has a long-term focus with positions being held for months and years. In contrast, candlestick technical analysis has a short-term focus with positions being held for ten days or less. This difference is significant as surveys of market participants indicate that they place 50 per cent more importance on technical analysis for horizons of a week than they do for horizons of a year. Candlestick technical analysis was developed on rice data in Japan in the 1700s so the tests in this thesis, using Dow Jones Industrial Index (DJIA) component stock data for the 1992 - 2002 period, are clearly out of sample tests. These tests are more robust to criticisms of data snooping than is the existing technical analysis literature. Proponents of technical analysis in the Western world would have had the opportunity to have become aware of candlestick trading strategies by this study's timeframe and would also have had the opportunity to source the data and software necessary to implement these strategies. So, a direct test of market efficiency is possible. This was not achievable by authors of many previous papers, who used data starting in the early 1900s and techniques that could not have been implemented at that time. Using an innovative extension of the bootstrap methodology, which allows the generation of random open, high, low and close prices, to test the profitability of candlestick technical trading strategies showed that candlestick technical analysis does not have value. There is no evidence that a trader adhering to candlestick technical analysis would out-perform the market.
An Efficient Route to Nanostructured Tungsten Oxide Films with Improved Electrochromic Properties (2010)

An effective chemical route to nanostructured tungsten oxide films derived from a peroxopolytungstic acid (PTA)/thiourea precursor solution is demonstrated. The conventional procedure of preparing the precursor needs more than 24 h for well-mixing and refluxing the PTA-based solution, while the thiourea-assisted approach takes less than 1 h to prepare the precursor solution because the excess hydrogen peroxide can be efficiently eliminated by oxidation of thiourea. With the precursor solution, tungsten oxide films are deposited by spin coating followed by high temperature annealing. The film annealed at 400 °C possesses a porous nanostructure of nanocrystalline tungsten oxide embedded in an amorphous tungsten oxide matrix, which arises from the gaseous species released through decomposition of thiourea oxides during annealing. The 400 °C-annealed, thiourea-assisted tungsten oxide film exhibits electrochromic (EC) properties superior to those of the film prepared without thiourea, including large transmittance modulation and coloration efficiency, fast response time and adequate reliability. When increasing the annealing temperature to 450 °C, the thiourea-assisted tungsten oxide film is also porous but well-crystallized and shows inferior EC properties. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis indicates that, in addition to the porous structure, a fast charge-transport rate within the solid portion of the 400 °C-annealed nanostructured film plays a crucial role in enhancing EC performances of the thiourea-assisted tungsten oxide film.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (2006)

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a tumor arising from the epithelial cells that cover the surface and line the nasopharynx. The annual incidence of NPC in the UK is 0.3 per million at age 0-14 years, and 1 to 2 per million at age 15-19 years. Incidence is higher in the Chinese and Tunisian populations. Although rare, NPC accounts for about one third of childhood nasopharyngeal neoplasms. Three subtypes of NPC are recognized in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification: 1) squamous cell carcinoma, typically found in the older adult population; 2) non-keratinizing carcinoma; 3) undifferentiated carcinoma. The tumor can extend within or out of the nasopharynx to the other lateral wall and/or posterosuperiorly to the base of the skull or the palate, nasal cavity or oropharynx. It then typically metastases to cervical lymph nodes. Cervical lymphadenopathy is the initial presentation in many patients, and the diagnosis of NPC is often made by lymph node biopsy. Symptoms related to the primary tumor include trismus, pain, otitis media, nasal regurgitation due to paresis of the soft palate, hearing loss and cranial nerve palsies. Larger growths may produce nasal obstruction or bleeding and a "nasal twang". Etiological factors include Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), genetic susceptibility and consumption of food with possible carcinogens--volatile nitrosamines. The recommended treatment schedule consists of three courses of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, irradiation, and adjuvant interferon (IFN)-beta therapy.
Adjusting for chance clustering comparison measures (2016)

Adjusted for chance measures are widely used to compare partitions/clusterings of the same data set. In particular, the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) based on pair-counting, and the Adjusted Mutual Information (AMI) based on Shannon information theory are very popular in the clustering community. Nonetheless it is an open problem as to what are the best application scenarios for each measure and guidelines in the literature for their usage are sparse, with the result that users often resort to using both. Generalized Information Theoretic (IT) measures based on the Tsallis entropy have been shown to link pair-counting and Shannon IT measures. In this paper, we aim to bridge the gap between adjustment of measures based on pair-counting and measures based on information theory. We solve the key technical challenge of analytically computing the expected value and variance of generalized IT measures. This allows us to propose adjustments of generalized IT measures, which reduce to well known adjusted clustering comparison measures as special cases. Using the theory of generalized IT measures, we are able to propose the following guidelines for using ARI and AMI as external validation indices: ARI should be used when the reference clustering has large equal sized clusters; AMI should be used when the reference clustering is unbalanced and there exist small clusters.
Interaction between a coating-borne peptide of the Brassica pollen grain and stigmatic S (self-incompatibility)-locus-specific glycoproteins. (1993)

Methods are described for the removal of the sporophytic pollen grain coating of Brassica oleracea and for the isolation of coat polypeptides. The coat contains a small number of proteins ranging from 6 to 45 kDa. Many of the larger proteins are glycosylated, while all carry high positive charges resulting in pI values from 8.5 to 11. Polypeptides with pI values of 9.5, 9.0, and 8.5 possess strong esterase activity. No major differences could be detected in either pI values or molecular masses of pollen-coating polypeptides from grains carrying different sporophytically expressed S (self-incompatibility) alleles. Mixing pollen coat proteins with stigmatic extracts results in a conspicuous binding interaction involving female S-locus-specific and perhaps S-locus-related glycoproteins. This interaction, which is reversed by heating in the presence of SDS, results in an apparent charge shift of the female glycoprotein(s) of up to 2 pI units. The male participant in this interaction has been isolated by using a combination of fast protein liquid chromatography and reverse-phase HPLC and was shown to be a 7-kDa nonglycosylated peptide. Experiments with whole pollen cultured in vitro show challenge with stigmatic extracts to stimulate the release of gametophytic and sporophytic polypeptides and to result in the formation of a conspicuous interaction product, demonstrating the 7-kDa peptide to be freely available within the coating of pollen in vivo.
Double-Blind, Randomised, Controlled Trial Assessing Controller Medications in Asthma (2006)

Addition of montelukast to budesonide is safe and results in greater improvement in pulmonary function test parameters than high-dose budesonide treatment or addition of theophylline.
Family Branding and Consumer Brand Choice (1967)

Generalized preferences, inferred from a positive association in household purchasing behavior for a family brand across product categories, are operative for a wide variety of family brands and product categories. The degree of generalized preference for a family brand across specified product categories seems to be related positively to the similarity of brand competition and object brand price levels for those products.
Hybridoma-derived monoclonal immunoglobulin M antibodies to Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 with diagnostic potential (1983)

Mouse hybridomas were isolated by fusing P3-X63-Ag 8.653 myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice that had been repeatedly immunized with Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 organisms. In one fusion, three independent hybridoma cultures which secreted antibodies that reacted with the immunizing strain in the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test were selected for cloning. Representative continuously growing clones, one of each hybridoma, which remained stable in producing high-titer antibodies were examined in detail. Extensive specificity tests revealed that these hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies were specifically directed against L. pneumophila serogroup 1 organisms and showed no cross-reactions in the indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test either with the other known serogroups of L. pneumophila or with other unrelated bacterial species. The three monoclonal antibodies F4/CB5/K18, F/4CB5/K104, and F4/JD3.8/K101 belonged to the immunoglobulin M class and were capable of agglutinating serogroup 1 organisms of L. pneumophila exquisitely. These monoclonal antibodies against L. pneumophila with defined fine specificity should enable purification and subsequent analysis of the corresponding antigenic determinant(s) and can also be used for the preparation of unlimited supplies of standard diagnostic reagents for the identification of L. pneumophila in the tissues and body fluids.
Dietary strategies for cancer prevention (1993)

Without resources dedicated to dietary modification in the general population, it is not likely that the potential savings of more than 300,000 new cases, 160,000 deaths, and the $25 billion in associated costs will be realized in the foreseeable future.
Impact of frame size, number of stations and mobility on the throughput performance of IEEE 802.11e (2004)

IEEE 802.11e medium access control (MAC) is an emerging supplement to the IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) standard to support quality of service (QoS). The 802.11e MAC defines a new coordination function, namely hybrid coordination function (HCF), which is based on the centrally controlled and contention-based channel accesses. In this paper we evaluate, via simulation in OPNET, the throughput performance of the new 802.11e MAC HCF, and compare it with the 802.11 legacy MAC. We also study the scheduler implementation included by the IEEE 802.11e draft standard. Finally, we evaluate the effect of the "bad link" on the capacity of the network. Different stations in an IEEE 802.11 network can operate with different physical transmission rates based on their distance from the access point. A station transmitting at a lower physical transmission rate brings down the performance of the whole WLAN network. Through our simulation study, we conclude that the transmission opportunity (TXOP) of the IEEE 802.11e can enhance the system performance and provide fairness in time.
Prüfverfahren (1965)

Die für diese Arbeit angewandten Prüfverfahren sind, abgesehen von der Härteprüfung, in ihren speziellen Problemen weniger bekannt. Zum besseren Verständnis und in einer einwandfreien Wertung der mitgeteilten Ergebnisse erscheint es darum ratsam, die Besonderheiten und die Grenzen dieser Prüfverfahren aufzuzeigen.
The expression and function of cystatin C and cathepsin B and cathepsin L during mouse embryo implantation and placentation (1997)

The implantation of the mouse embryo requires the controlled invasion of the uterine stroma by the embryonic trophoblast. This event is dependent, in part, on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases and serine proteinases for the extracellular degradation of the uterine matrix. Proteinase activity is controlled by stromal decidualization and specific proteinase inhibitors. This work adds to our understanding of implantation and placentation by reporting the expression and function of another class of proteinases/inhibitors closely related to invasive cell behavior. We focused on the cysteine proteinases, cathepsins B and L, and their inhibitor cystatin C. Northern blots showed that trophoblast expressed cathepsin B throughout the invasive period (days 5.5-10.5). Both cathepsin B message and cathepsin L protein were localized to the mature, invasive trophoblast giant cells. Substrate gel electrophoresis showed an increase in giant cell cathepsin activity with enzyme profiles changing at the end of the invasive period. Northern and western blotting showed that cystatin C, the main inhibitor of cathepsins, was a major product of the decidualizing stroma. Message levels first increased in peripheral decidualizing cells, with the protein localizing close to the embryo during implantation (days 5.5-8.5). With the regression of the decidua beginning on day 9.5, a coordinated upregulation of both cathepsin B and cystatin C was observed implying a role for controlled cathepsin expression during apoptosis. E-64, a synthetic inhibitor of cathepsins B and L, was injected into pregnant females at the stage of blastocyst attachment (days 4.5-5.5). High doses resulted in the complete failure of implantation while lower doses resulted in stunted embryos and a reduced decidual reaction. These results suggested that cathepsins B and L are necessary for normal embryo development and uterine decidualization, and that decidua contributes to their control by a coordinated expression of cystatin C within the implantation site.
Specificity of the effect of sap‐transmissible viruses in increasing the accumulation of luteoviruses in co‐infected plants (1989)

Summary The concentration of potato leafroll luteovirus (PLRV) (c. 1300 ng/g leaf) in singly infected Nicotiana clevelandii plants was increased up to 10‐fold in plants co‐infected with each of several potyviruses, or with narcissus mosaic potexvirus, carrot mottle virus or each of three tobravirus isolates. With the tobraviruses, PLRV concentration was increased equally by co‐infection with either NM‐type isolates (coat protein‐free cultures containing RNA‐1) or M‐type isolates (particle‐producing cultures containing RNA‐1 and RNA‐2). In contrast, the accumulation of PLRV was not substantially affected by co‐infection with either of two nepoviruses, cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, broad bean mottle bromovirus, alfalfa mosaic virus, pea enation mosaic virus or parsnip yellow fleck virus. The specificity of these interactions between PLRV and sap‐transmissible viruses was retained in tests made in Nicotiana benthamiana and when beet western yellows luteovirus was used instead of PLRV.
A Novel Region-based Image Annotation Using Multi-instance Learning (2009)

In this paper, we formulate image annotation as a semi-supervised learning problem under multi-instance learning framework. A novel graph based semi-supervised learning approach to image annotation using multiple instances is presented, which extends the conventional semi-supervised learning to multi-instance setting by introducing the adaptive geometric relationship between two bags of instances. The experiments over Corel images have shown that this approach outperforms other methods and is effective for image annotation.
CTCF Binding to the First Intron of the Major Immediate Early (MIE) Gene of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Negatively Regulates MIE Gene Expression and HCMV Replication (2014)

Our findings that CTCF binds to intron A of the cytomegalovirus (CMV) major immediate-early (MIE) gene and functions to repress MIE gene expression and viral replication are highly significant. For the first time, a chromatin-organizing factor, CTCF, has been found to facilitate human CMV gene expression, which affects viral replication. We also identified a CTCF-binding motif in the first intron (also called intron A) that directly binds to CTCF and is required for CTCF to repress MIE gene expression. Finally, we show that the CTCF-binding motif is conserved in CMV because a similar DNA sequence was found in murine CMV (MCMV) that is required for CTCF to bind to MCMV MIE gene to repress MCMV MIE gene expression.
Safety of Microbial Insecticides (1990)

This state-of-the-art volum provides a previously unavailable single reference source of prime importance to all concerned with economic and medical entomology, biocontrol research and teaching, and pertinent aspects of clearance for field use at national and international levels. The editors, chairpersons of the Society for Invertebrate Pathology's Safety Working Group since 1971, have collaborated with twenty researchers to compile this reference. The book presents, through an internationally diverse group, authoritative analysis of all safety aspects from the standpoints of systematicsviral, bacterial, fungal, protozoal and helminthic. Included here is the currently controversial issue of genetic manipulation. Other topics covered and non-target impact, compatibility with other biocontrols, geographical considerations and registration matters. This book is especially timely because of the recent addition of the first microbial control agent to the the mosquito/blackfly control armory. There is also the prospect of additional microbial weapons that are highly selective as well as effective. Safety of Microbial Insecticides is a key source of information for investigators who have previously had to wade through an enormous amount of scattered literature. This volume is invaluable to those in forestry, agricultural entomologists, and all working towards disease vector suppression.
Design and development of an intelligent context-aware decision support system for real-time monitoring of container terminal operations (2010)

This paper describes a case study of the research and development of an intelligent context-aware decision support system (ICADSS) prototype for real-time monitoring of container terminal operations in Hong Kong. We present the system design and development of the prototype system, and discuss the experiences and lessons learned. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first identifiable application of an intelligent context-aware decision support system for the real-time monitoring of container terminal operations reported in the academic literature. The intelligent context-aware decision support system employs ZigBee-based ubiquitous sensor network (USN) technology. In this study, an ICADSS prototype was built and implemented in a real world setting. The results of the system prototype evaluation are satisfactory and support the contention that it is more effective in supporting the real-time tracking and tracing of container trucks, quay cranes, and rubber-tired gantry cranes in a container terminal. The results also validate the practical viability of the proposed system architecture. Given the contextual details of the study, we present the lessons learned from developing and operating the system in a container terminal and provide suggestions for further research. We hope that the proposed system architecture and developed prototype system can help both practitioners and academics in the further use and research of intelligent context-aware decision support systems.
Four-Wave-Mixing in Optical Soliton Communication System (1997)

Fiber Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) in a soliton WDM communication system with cascaded lumped amplifiers is studied. The performance degradation of the middle channel caused by the crosstalk is investigated through theoretical analysis and numerical calculation. The results show that the influence of FWM on a soliton system is different from that on a conventional communication because of the dominant nonlinear feature in soliton communication systems.