gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allylmercapto-captopril, a new antihypertensive drug, its preparation and properties (2003)

Allicin, the biologically active molecule in freshly crushed garlic, decreased fructose-induced hypertension, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia. This led us to synthesize a novel compound, allylmercapto-captopril (CPSSA), combining captopril with allicin. Toxicity studies showed the safety of the compound. In vitro studies of its effect on angiotensin converting enzyme activity showed no difference from the inhibition profile obtained with captopril. Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 groups of 5 rats each, were fed a fructose-enriched diet for 5 weeks. Group I (control) was fed the fructose-rich diet only. Groups II-IV were treated the last 2 weeks of the diet as follows: II-CPSSA, 40mg/kg/day; III - CPSSA, 57mg/kg/day; IV - captopril, 80 mg/kg/day. Systolic blood pressure (BP) was measured weekly by the indirect tail cuff method, using an electrosphygmomanometer. Insulin and triglycerides (TG) were measured at baseline, after 3 weeks of fructose-rich diet, and after 2 weeks of treatment. Results were: (See Table) The use of allylmercapto-captopril might enable reducing the therapeutic dosage of each component, reduce potential adverse reactions, and take advantage of each one's beneficial features.
A new Method for the Synthesis of Many‐membered Sulfides by Means of Thioacetamide (1978)

Neue Methode zur Synthese vielgliedriger Sulfide mittels Thioacetamid Ausgehend von Brommethyl‐Verbindungen und Thioacetamiden werden die Sulfide 4–7 durch Umsetzung in wäßrigem — oder besonders vorteilhaft — wasserfreiem Medium in Gegenwart von Basen wie Alkalihydroxiden oder tert ‐Butoxid in guten Ausbeuten erhalten. Die Vorteile der Thioacetamid‐Cyclisierung gegenüber dem bisher üblichen Einsatz von Na 2 S · 9H 2 O werden herausgestellt.
Abstract LB-282: Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 (MX1) polymorphism in prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract PURPOSE: Myxovirus (influenza virus) resistance 1 (MX1) is an interferon regulated gene responsible for a specific antiviral state against viral infection. We have previously shown that MX1 is up-regulated by androgens in the normal prostate epithelial cells; however, there is no known role for MX1 in cancer. Meta-analysis of different expression databases e.g. NCBI GEO and Oncomine suggested a strong inverse association between MX1 expression and prostate cancer. To confirm these studies, we performed Immunohistochemistry on normal prostate and prostate cancer tissues. Our data revealed that MX1 expression was indeed decreased in PCa as compared to normal, indicating that MX1 could be transcriptionally down-regulated. Literature studies indicated that MX1 down-regulation could be due to a specific polymorphism in the proximal MX1 promoter. In the promoter region of MX1 at position -88, a single nucleotide polymorphism G&gt;T (rs2071430) is involved in modifying the gene expression. Interestingly, the rs2071430 harbors an interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) that is required for MX1 expression in response to interferons. The “T” allele restores whereas the “G” allele attenuates ISRE binding resulting in increased or decreased MX1 expression respectively. Based on these observations we hypothesized that decreased expression of MX1 in prostate cancer could be due to the rs2071430 polymorphism. DESIGN METHODS: We investigated MX1 rs2071430 polymorphism in genomic DNA from equal number of disease free and prostate cancer samples (N=305). The sample size required to achieve statistically significant associations were calculated using the power calculator for case control genetic association studies. Polymorphism was detected by sequencing the PCR amplicon through SNPdetector to ensure that the SNP was due to heterozygous allelic variations and not due to sequencing artifacts. RESULTS: The data suggests that the GG genotype (low promoter activity) is higher in PCa (72%) as compared to normal (58.6%). The TT genotype (high activity) was higher in normal (5.7%) compared to PCa (2.4%). No TT genotype was observed in Caucasian normal samples. The results were statistically significant at P&lt;0.05. Our results, for the first time demonstrate that MX1 is down-regulated in prostate cancer possibly at the transcriptional level due to ISRE polymorphism in the promoter region. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This research is supported by NIH/NCMHD grant 1P20MD002285-01. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-282. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-282
Histologic evaluation of mineralized and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft for ridge and sinus augmentations. (2005)

The objective of this study was to quantify new bone formation from biopsies of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) and freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) following ridge and sinus augmentations. Ninety-three patients who received maxillary sinus or ridge augmentation grafts agreed to core biopsies of their grafts when the implants were placed. Samples ranged from 6 to 36 months postgrafting. These samples were sectioned, stained, and examined histomorphometrically Seventy-two FDBA and 21 DFDBA samples were examined, and the mean percentages of new bone formed were 41.89% and 41.74%, respectively. There was no statistical difference, irrespective of graft site.
Regularizing Common Spatial Patterns to Improve BCI Designs: Theory and Algorithms (2010)

One of the most popular feature extraction algorithms for Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) is the Common Spatial Patterns (CSP) algorithm. Despite its known efficiency and widespread use, CSP is also known to be very sensitive to noise and prone to overfitting. To address this issue, some groups have recently proposed to regularize CSP. In this paper, we present a simple and unifying theoretical framework to perform such a CSP regularization. We then present a mini-review of existing Regularized CSP (RCSP) algorithms, and describe how to cast them in this framework. We also propose 4 new RCSP algorithms. Finally, we compare the performances of 10 different RCSP algorithms (including these 4 new ones and the original CSP), on EEG data from 17 subjects, from BCI competition data sets. Results showed that the best RCSP methods can outperform CSP by nearly 10% in median classification accuracy and lead to more neurophysiologically relevant spatial filters. They also enable us to perform efficient subject-to-subject transfer. Overall, the best RCSP algorithms on these data were the CSP with Tikhonov Regularization and Weighted Tikhonov Regularization, both newly proposed in this paper.
CS 240: Introduction to Computer Science (2004)

We will develop basic techniques to design, develop and implement programs using the C++ language.
Multiband Quantum Transmitting Boundary Methodfor Non‐orthogonal Basis (1998)

We generalize the Multiband Quantum Transmitting Boundary Method (MQTBM) for computing transmission coefficients in heterostructure to tight‐binding‐like band structure models with non‐orthogonal basis and multiple neighbor interactions. We implement this method based on the newly developed planar‐basis pseudopotential method which uses the generalized planar Wannier function basis. We demonstrate the method by computing transmission coefficients for a GaAs/AlAs double barrier structure.
Treatment of Renal Calculi with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: How applications of this method have expanded. (1992)

In 12 years, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has replaced other treatment techniques for most surgical calculi in the upper urinary tract. Worldwide clinical series have documented its efficacy. Technological advances and modifications have significantly expanded the clinical applications of this technique.
Crypto applications of combinatorial group theory (2011)

The design of a large number of cryptographic primitives is based on the intractability of the traditional discrete logarithm problem (tDLP). However, the well known quantum algorithm of P. Shor [9] solves the tDLP in polynomial time, thus rendering all cryptographic schemes based on tDLP ineffective, should quantum computers become a practical reality. In [5] M. Sramka et al. generalize the DLP to arbitrary finite groups. The DLP for a non-abelian group is based on a particular representation of a chosen family of groups, and a choice of a class of generators for these groups. In this paper we show that for PSL(2, p) = &lang;&alpha;, &beta;&rang;, p an odd prime, certain choices of generators (&alpha;, &beta;) must be avoided to insure that the resulting generalized DLP is indeed intractable. For other types of generating pairs we suggest possible cryptanalytic attacks, reducing the new problem to the earlier case. We note however that the probability of success is asymptotic to 1/p as p &rarr; &infin;. The second part of the paper summarizes our successful attack of the SL(2, 2n) based Tillich Z&eacute;mor cryptographic hash function [2], and show how to construct collisions between palindromic strings of length 2n + 2.
ChemInform Abstract: A COPPER(I)‐BICARBONATO COMPLEX. A WATER‐STABLE REVERSIBLE CARBON DIOXIDE CARRIER (1980)

Abstract Eine Reaktionsmischung des Cu(I)‐Komplexes (I) mit Wasser in Pentan bei 0°C führt zum Derivat (II), das bei Acidolyse neben (III) 98% CO 2 liefert.
Hazardous materials management using a Cradle-to-Grave Tracking and Information System (CGTIS) (1995)

Hazardous materials management includes interactions among materials, personnel, facilities, hazards, and processes of various groups within a DOE site`s environmental, safety & health (ES&H) and line organizations. Although each group is charged with addressing a particular aspect of these properties and interactions, the information it requires must be gathered into a coherent set of common data for accurate and consistent hazardous material management and regulatory reporting. It is these common data requirements which the Cradle-to-Grave Tracking and Information System (CGTIS) is designed to satisfy. CGTIS collects information at the point at which a process begins or a material enters a facility, and maintains that information, for hazards management and regulatory reporting, throughout the entire life-cycle by providing direct on-line links to a site`s multitude of data bases to bring information together into one common data model.
Isotopic exchange of kaolinite hydroxyl protons: a diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy study† (1998)

Specific surface reactions on kaolinite were investigated by deuterium exchange of the hydroxyl protons of kaolinite. The kaolinite samples were reacted with deuterium oxide for 48 h and 2.5 and 5 weeks, at various pH values (3, natural and 8) and at different temperatures (ambient, and 30, 60 and 100 °C). Analyses were performed using diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy. The spectral results show that it is very difficult at room temperature to exchange the hydroxyl protons isotopically with deuterons at the surface of kaolinite. The temperature and the reaction time must be increased for successful exchange. It was found that the most suitable temperature for isotopic exchange was 60 °C. The pH did not significantly influence the deuteration. Only at high pH were changes of the OD bands in the DRIFT spectra observed. This study shows that it is possible to deuterate kaolinite without using intercalation. All three types of hydroxyl protons from the inner, inner surface and edge were exchanged.
Rascher Aufbau großer Phenylacetylen-Dendrimere mit MolekÜldurchmessern bis zu 12.5 Nanometern Stiff Dendritic Macromolecules, 3. Mitteilung. Diese Arbeit wurde von der National Science Foundation (Grant DMR-9212054), dem NSF Young Investigator Program und der 3M Company (Awards Program for Untenured Faculty) gefÖrdert. −2, Mitteilung: [6]. (1993)

No Abstract.
Organic carbon in Hanford single-shell tank waste (1994)

Safety of Hanford single-shell tanks (SSTs) containing organic carbon is a concern because the carbon in the presence of oxidizers (NO{sub 3} or NO{sub 2}) is combustible when sufficiently concentrated and exposed to elevated temperatures. A propagating chemical reaction could potentially occur at high temperature (above 200 C). The rapid increase in temperature and pressure within a tank might result in the release of radioactive waste constituents to the environment. The purpose of this study is to gather available laboratory information about the organic carbon waste inventories stored in the Hanford SSTs. Specifically, the major objectives of this investigation are: Review laboratory analytical data and measurements for SST composite core and supernatant samples for available organic data; Assess the correlation of organic carbon estimated utilizing the TRAC computer code compared to laboratory measurements; and From the laboratory analytical data, estimate the TOC content with confidence levels for each of the 149 SSTs.
Magnetic Resonance Low-Dose Dobutamine Test Is Superior to Scar Quantification for the Prediction of Functional Recovery (2004)

Background— Low-dose dobutamine challenge (DSMR) by MRI was compared with delayed enhancement imaging with Gd-DTPA (SCAR) as a predictor of improvement of wall motion after revascularization (RECOVERY). Methods and Results— In 29 patients with coronary artery disease (68±7 years of age, 2 women, 32±8% ejection fraction), wall motion was evaluated semiquantitatively by MRI before and 3 months after revascularization. SCAR and DSMR were performed before revascularization. The transmural extent of scar was assessed semiquantitatively. Binary prediction of RECOVERY was performed by logistic regression in 288 segments with wall motion abnormalities at rest. Receiver operating characteristic–area under curve (AUC) statistics were used to compare different models. Low-dose DSMR (AUC 0.838) was superior to SCAR (AUC 0.728) in predicting RECOVERY. SCAR did not improve accuracy of prediction by DSMR. Subgroup analysis showed superiority of DSMR for 1% to 74% transmural extent of infarction. Conclusions— Low-dose DSMR is superior to SCAR in predicting RECOVERY. This advantage is largest in segments with a delayed enhancement of 1% to 74%.
Nano-ionomer tooth repair in pediatric dentistry. (2011)

Resin-modified glass ionomer cements have shown their reliability and durability in various applications in young dental patients. The latest generation of these materials, the nano-ionomer, has been introduced, and its improved properties make it an effective alternative for restoring primary and permanent teeth. The purpose of this paper was to describe the properties of the nano-ionomer, provide indications for its use, and illustrate the technique for applying the material. Representative clinical cases are presented.
Theory of Chronoamperometry at Cylindrical Microelectrodes and Their Arrays (2008)

Potential step chronoamperometry at cylindrical electrodes is modeled using the finite difference method in a two-dimensional (2D) simulation space. Trends are discussed in terms of the cylinder height-to-radius ratio Ze for top-only, side-only, and fully conducting cylinders. The diffusion domain approximation is then used to simulate regular arrays of cylindrical microelectrodes supported on a conducting substrate, comparing the different shapes of chronoamperometric transients for varying Ze, surface coverage Θ, and top/side conductivity.
Structure and Function of Human Stratum corneum under Deformation (2002)

Submitting human SC to an extension force up to 20% elongation does not significantly alter the barrier function.
Dislocation discrimination: the interaction of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) with dibenzo-substituted macrocyclic and open-chain tetra-amines (1986)

Thermodynamic stabilities have been determined for zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes of a series of macrocyclic and open-chain tetra-amines; for the 14- to 16-membered macrocyclic systems a dislocation in the stability pattern occurs for zinc(II) at the 16-membered ring complex while, for cadmium(II), the dislocation occurs at the 15-membered ring species resulting in an enhanced stability difference [ZnII>CdII] for the complexes of this latter ring.
Hepatic Encephalopathy and Light and Electron Micrographic Changes of the Baboon Liver After Portal Diversion (1976)

Six baboons of varying weights and estimated ages had complete portal diversion. All animals became emaciated and lost hair. Five of the 6 developed hepatic encephalopathy so serious that it either killed them or required their sacrifice after an average of 109 days. One exceptional animal which lived for 208 days without encephalopathy had markedly elevated blood ammonia levels. In one brain that was examined, greatly increased numbers of Alzeheimer's Type II astrocytes were diffusely distributed in the cerebral cortex. Changes in liver function tests were similar to those reported by many authors in dogs. The 6 baboon's livers underwent striking atrophy during the 49 to 208 days of postoperative observation. With some variations in degree, the same light and electron microscopic changes were observed that have now also been seen after completely diverting portacaval shunt in rats, dogs and humans. Thru the hepatic injury of Eck fistula is common to all species so far studied although most of the metabolic consequences of the procedure seem to selectively spare rats and man.
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF SPREADABLE PEANUT BASED PRODUCTS 1 (1990)

Textural characteristics of two peanut butter samples and one peanut paste sample were determined using three instrumental methods and a texture profile panel. In Method A, a penetrometer with a cone‐shaped probe attachment was used. Method B involved the use of a plunger attached to the crosshead of the Instron Universal Testing Machine. Method C was a modified texture profile analysis (TPA). Instrumental measures show that peanut paste was the hardest, exhibited the greatest adhesive force but the least time to break the peanut column, and was the least cohesive. All instrumental methods were acceptable but TPA provided more information than the two other methods in describing texture. The panel rated the paste as firmest, least adhesive, spread least on the tongue, least smooth, most grainy, and most difficult to swallow. Significant correlations were found between several instrumental measures and sensory characteristics.
Electronically tunable analog active filters (1972)

Electronically tunable <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> -active ladder filter transfer functions are realized by employing the four quadrant analogue multiplier as the basic nonlinear network element. All the frequency dependent branches of a conventional <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> -active ladder structure realizations are simulated by means of impedance scaling networks. The scaling of these impedances allows the cutoff frequency of an elliptic low-pass or high-pass transfer function, of arbitrary order, to be varied by means of a tuning voltage. The method is strictly analogue and leads to practical filters that employ presently available integrated circuits; external timing signals or reference oscillators are not required in order to accomplish tuning.
Exploration of the Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane System as a Template for the Development of New Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fuzzy ARTMAP supervised classification of multi-spectral remotely-sensed images (1998)

Abstract The fuzzy ARTMAP has been applied to the supervised classification of multi-spectral remotely-sensed images. This method is found to be more efficient, in terms of classification accuracy, compared to the conventional maximum likelihood classifier and also multi-layer perceptron with back propagation learning. The results have been discussed.
Metal organic frameworks as catalysts in solvent-free or ionic liquid assisted conditions (2017)

This Critical Review describes the use of Metal Organic Frameworks as Solid Catalysts under Solvent-Free or Ionic Liquid Assisted conditions.
Collective bin packing: an active learning exercise (2009)

Active learning has become an important part of effective computer science pedagogy. Active learning helps to keep students engaged in the learning process and is useful at all levels of computer science education from introductory courses on programming through more advanced upper level topics and graduate level coursework. In this paper, we present an active learning exercise that we developed for use in courses on artificial intelligence for demonstrating heuristic search concepts as well as concepts related to swarm intelligence. We have also found the exercise useful in an interdisciplinary course for non-majors to demonstrate some of the problem solving approaches of computer science. It is also applicable to courses on discrete mathematics. The exercise that we call Collective Bin Packing is an adaptation of the well-known combinatorial optimization problem known as bin packing. During the exercise, students take turns deciding upon individual problem solving steps. A follow-up class discussion draws out the algorithmic elements of the students' collective reasoning process. An interactive Java application is used to facilitate the group problem solving exercise.
Ultrasonic Phased Array Implementation of the Inside Diameter Creeping Wave Sizing Method (2006)

This paper describes a technique for implementing the ultrasonic inside diameter (ID) creeping wave technique for detection and sizing ID connected defects using a phased array ultrasonic system. The technique uses multiple focal laws to produce the examination modes. The first focal law is designed to create a shear wave nominally at the critical angle for mode conversion to a longitudinal wave at the ID of a part, thus creating a creeping wave. This focal law is focused at the ID to improve sensitivity. The rest of the laws are designed to create tandem sound paths that progress up a vertical surface directly above the focal point of the creeping wave generation point. When a defect on the inner surface is detected with the creeping wave, the height of the defect can be measured from the response of a set of tandem laws without readjusting the position of the probe. Results from standard one-inch long notches of varying depths are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLIFIED WITTIG SYNTHESIS USING SOLID/LIQUID TRANSFER PROCESSES. II. THE USE OF POTASSIUM CARBONATE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF ALKENES FROM AROMATIC AND ALIPHATIC ALDEHYDES (1982)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Aldehyde (I) mit den Phosphoniumbromiden (II) in Gegenwart von festem Kaliumcarbonat führt zu den Alkenen (III), ohne daß unter den alkalischen Reaktionsbedingungen Aldolkondensationen oder Cannizaro‐Reaktionen stattfinden.