gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delegation is inheritance (1987)

Inheritance and delegation are alternate methods for incremental definition and sharing. It has commonly been believed that delegation provides a more powerful model. This paper demonstrates that there is a “natural” model of inheritance which captures all of the properties of delegation. Independently, certain constraints on the ability of delegation to capture inheritance are demonstrated. Finally, a new framework which fully captures both delegation and inheritance is outlined, and some of the ramifications of this hybrid model are explored.
Intelligent troubleshooting of complex machinery (1990)

Proper maintenance and troubleshooting of complex mechanical equipment is a difficult task. A large amount of information, such as sensor data and previous repair actions, is available but infrequently used for interpretation by technical staff which is continually losing expertise due to turnover. Well structured knowledge-based systems can provide effective techniques for assisting in this task.
EDDY CURRENT RETARDER (1956)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Even though friction brakes are very necessary, they have certain limitations as to heat capacity that is especially noticeable on hills, but is also a factor in congested fast moving traffic. A 45,000 lb tractor and semi will generate about 300 hp going down an 8% grade at about 45 mph and less than one third of this if taken up by windage, rolling, and engine friction. The brakes must get rid of the rest as heat.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This is where a supplementary brake, or retarder, comes in. An eddy current retarder will not stop or hold a vehicle but it can dissipate a lot of heat and so save the wheel brakes for the emergency, and also eliminate “engine braking” and so reduce wear and tear on engine and transmission. Even with retarders, however, it is advisable to distribute the force over the principally loaded axles.</div>
Multi-Scale Modeling of the Gamma Radiolysis of Nitrate Solutions (2016)

A multiscale modeling approach has been developed for the extended time scale long-term radiolysis of aqueous systems. The approach uses a combination of stochastic track structure and track chemistry as well as deterministic homogeneous chemistry techniques and involves four key stages: radiation track structure simulation, the subsequent physicochemical processes, nonhomogeneous diffusion-reaction kinetic evolution, and homogeneous bulk chemistry modeling. The first three components model the physical and chemical evolution of an isolated radiation chemical track and provide radiolysis yields, within the extremely low dose isolated track paradigm, as the input parameters for a bulk deterministic chemistry model. This approach to radiation chemical modeling has been tested by comparison with the experimentally observed yield of nitrite from the gamma radiolysis of sodium nitrate solutions. This is a complex radiation chemical system which is strongly dependent on secondary reaction processes. The concentration of nitrite is not just dependent upon the evolution of radiation track chemistry and the scavenging of the hydrated electron and its precursors but also on the subsequent reactions of the products of these scavenging reactions with other water radiolysis products. Without the inclusion of intratrack chemistry, the deterministic component of the multiscale model is unable to correctly predict experimental data, highlighting the importance of intratrack radiation chemistry in the chemical evolution of the irradiated system.
Electrical excitability of taste cells. Mechanisms and possible physiological significance (2012)

Neuronal, muscle and some endocrine cells are electrically excitable. While in muscle and endocrine cells AP stimulates and synchronizes intracellular processes, neurons employ action potentials (APs) to govern discontinuous synapses located distantly. Meanwhile, such axonless sensory cells as photoreceptors and hair cells exemplify afferent output, which is not driven by APs; instead, gradual receptor potentials elicited by sensory stimuli control the release of afferent neurotransmitter glutamate. Mammalian taste cells of the type II and type III are electrically excitable and respond to stimulation by firing APs. Since taste cells also have no axons, physiological significance of the electrical excitability for taste transduction and encoding sensory information is unclear. Perhaps, AP facilitates transmitter release, ATP in type II cells and 5-HT in type III cells, although via different mechanisms. The ATP release is mediated by connexin hemichannels, does not require a Ca2+ trigger, and largely gated by membrane voltage. 5-HT secretion is driven by intracellular Ca2+ and involves VG Ca2+ channels. Here, we discuss ionic mechanisms of excitability of taste cells and speculate on a likely role of APs in mediating their afferent output.
Novel Anti-Arrhythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation Management (2007)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a highly prevalent arrhythmia and responsible for significant morbidity, mortality and health care cost. Considerable work has been performed to improve medical options but treatment success still remains suboptimal. The use of conventional anti-arrhythmic agents has been limited by potentially fatal ventricular proarrhythmia. Thus, novel drug targets have been characterised and are currently being tested in experimental and clinical studies. The atrially (but not ventricularly) expressed ion channel subunit Kv1.5 (conducting the ultra-rapid delayed rectifier, I(Kur)) is a prominent candidate. A variety of drugs that inhibit this current is being evaluated. Human experience with these agents is limited. Atrial expression of connexin 40 and downregulation of this protein in AF turn its modulation into a potential therapeutic approach. The acetylcholine-activated current (I(KACh)) is another novel candidate target for drug therapy. The constitutively active form of this current is increased in human AF and pharmacological inhibition might be of therapeutic value. Certain drugs have I(KACh) blocking properties, but as for I(Kur)-blockers none to date has shown pure selectivity for this current. This article summarizes relevant aspects of the cellular electrophysiology of AF and reviews the actions of pharmacological agents presently available or in development as novel anti-arrhythmic therapy.
A DNA binding protein showing sequence specificity for a region containing the replication origin of<i>Xenopus laevis</i>mitochondria DNA (1987)

In Xenopus laevis mitochondria up to 14 different polypeptides with affinity for the DNA, have been identified by the protein blotting technique. Under stringent binding conditions only one polypeptide displayed specific affinity for a restriction fragment containing the H strand origin of replication of the Xenopus laevis mt chromosome. The proteins were fractionated by double stranded DNA cellulose chromatography. Under conditions which favor high affinity interactions between proteins and DNA, a protein of the 2M NaCl step shows specific binding to the DNA fragments containing the D-loop region. Some physical properties of the protein have been studied. It has a MW of 21.5 Kd and a globular shape as can be inferred from the relationship between MW and sedimentation coefficient (2.7 S). It binds non cooperatively to DNA and forms relatively stable complexes as demonstrated by DNA competition experiments.
Gogolesque Perception-Expanding Reversals in Nabokov (1971)

Vladimir Nabokov's acrobatic disclaimers may often be safely qualified, and his strenuous self-estrangement from Gogol is no exception. Indeed, these two very different writers are surprisingly alike in many ways, ranging from a fondness for depicting poshlust to a deep preoccupation with painting. Parallels and parodies are of course mostly unlabeled. But perhaps more important than the artistic purpose behind Gogolisms in Nabokov is that the mechanisms of many similar effects are nearly identical. And uniquely so. Both writers frequently contrive very similar “reversal effects” that conduce to a sudden, fresh view of “reality” and, somewhat paradoxically, a simultaneous and unsettling awareness of human perceptual limitations.
Molecular Basis of the Synergistic Antiangiogenic Activity of Bevacizumab and Mithramycin A (2007)

The impact of antiangiogenic therapy on the Sp1/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway and that of alteration of Sp1 signaling on the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy is unclear, yet understanding their interactions has significant clinical implications. Treatment with bevacizumab, a neutralizing antibody against VEGF, suppressed human pancreatic cancer growth in nude mice. Gene expression analyses revealed that this treatment substantially up-regulated the expression of Sp1 and its downstream target genes, including VEGF and epidermal growth factor receptor, in tumor tissues, whereas it did not have this effect on pancreatic cancer cells in culture. Treatment with mithramycin A, an Sp1 inhibitor, suppressed the expression of Sp1 and its downstream target genes in both cell culture and tumors growing in nude mice. Combined treatment with bevacizumab and mithramycin A produced synergistic tumor suppression, which was consistent with suppression of the expression of Sp1 and its downstream target genes. Thus, treatment with bevacizumab may block VEGF function but activate the pathway of its expression via positive feedback. Given the fact that Sp1 is an important regulator of the expression of multiple angiogenic factors, bevacizumab-initiated up-regulation of Sp1 and subsequent overexpression of its downstream target genes may profoundly affect the potential angiogenic phenotype and effectiveness of antiangiogenic strategies for human pancreatic cancer. Therefore, this study is the first to show the significance and clinical implications of alteration of Sp1 signaling in antiangiogenic therapy for pancreatic cancer and other cancers.
<i>In Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i> Evaluation of Osteoporosis Therapeutic Peptide PTH 1–34 Loaded PEGylated Chitosan Nanoparticles (2013)

Oral formulation of human parathyroid hormone 1-34 (PTH 1-34) is an alternative patient compliant route in treating osteoporosis. PTH 1-34 loaded chitosan nanoparticles were PEGylated (PEG-CS-PTH NPs) and characterized by DLS, SEM, TEM and FTIR. PEG-CS-PTH NP aggregates of 200-250 nm which in turn comprised 20 nm individual nanoparticles were observed in SEM and TEM images respectively. The PEG-CS-PTH NP with 40% encapsulation efficiency was subjected to an in vitro release in simulated rat body fluids. PEG-CS-PTH NP treated human primary osteoblast cells, upon PTH 1-34 receptor activation, produced second messenger-cAMP, which downstream stimulated intracellular calcium uptake, production of bone specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin etc., which substantiates the anabolic effect of the peptide. PEG-CS-PTH NPs showed an oral bioavailability of 100-160 pg/mL PTH 1-34 throughout 48 h, which is remarkable compared to the bare PTH 1-34 and CS-PTH NPs. The NIR image of gastrointestinal transit of ICG conjugated PEG-CS-PTH NPs supports this significant finding.
Exploratory Study into the Use of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) for Aerodynamic Research (1989)

This paper outlines the development of a flight-testing facility involving the use of a low-cost data acquisition system in a Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) for aerodynamic research. It also describes the development of a velocity probe with angles-of-attack and sideslip sensors, a module for measurement of linear and angular accelerations, the telemetry data downlink with associated computer hardware and software, and the adaptation of a quarter-scale model airplane kit for use as the flying test vehicle.
Padé approximations and analog computer simulations of time delays (1969)

The Padé approximations 1 of e - x are reviewed in con nection with their application in simulations of transpor tation delays (time delays) by analog computers. The approximation coefficients are specified in terms of the order of the approximations, and recurrence relation ships are established for the most common types. Analog computer circuits are given for general Padé approxima tions of any order and type, together with practical exam ples of both constant and variable transportation delay simulations. Special attention is paid to the zero-variable delay time constant, and circuits are given for this type of application. The performance of the Padé approximation circuits is discussed in terms of phase error and amplitude char acteristics for sinusoidal signals, together with rate-of- change measures in connection with step-response analy ses. Conclusions are drawn as to the order and type of Padé approximation to be selected to meet given per formance requirements. A table of Padé approximations up to the 12th order is included.
Minimizing Mean Squared Deviation of Completion Times About a Common Due Date (1987)

This paper addresses a nonpreemptive single machine scheduling problem where all jobs have a common due date and have zero ready time. The scheduling objective is to minimize mean squared deviation (MSD) of job completion times about the due date. This nonregular measure of performance is appropriate when earliness and tardiness are both penalized, and when large deviations of completion time from the due date are undesirable. A special case of the MSD problem, referred to as the unconstrained MSD problem, is shown to be equivalent to the completion time variance problem (CTV) studied by Merten and Muller (Merten, A. G., M. E. Muller. 1972. Variance minimization in single machine sequencing problems. Management Sci. 18(September) 518–528.) and Schrage (Schrage, L. 1975. Minimizing the time-in-system variance for a finite jobset. Management Sci. 21(May) 540–543.). Strong results for this latter problem are combined with several new propositions to develop a reasonably efficient procedure for solving the unconstrained MSD problem. This enables us to improve the existing procedures for the CTV problem. We also propose a branching procedure for the constrained MSD problem and present computational results.
Preparation and some reactions of alkoxides of gadolinium and erbium (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and some reactions of alkoxides of gadolinium and erbiumRam C. Mehrotra and J. M. BatwaraCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1970, 9, 11, 2505–2510Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50093a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views499Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (742 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Sodium Purification by Cold Trapping at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (1977)

Purity control of the primary and secondary sodium systems at the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II) is by essentially continuous cold trapping of small side streams of the total sodium inventories. The EBR-II cold traps are effective for the control of the major chemical impurities, i.e., oxygen and hydrogen (and also tritium). The trapping effectiveness is higher for hydrogen (NaH) than for oxygen (Na2O). The trap on the primary sodium system is more effective than the secondary cold trap because of higher sodium velocities and, probably, longer residence times in the crystallization zone of the primary trap. Radioisotopes such as 131I and 137Cs are not effectively trapped. New control methods may be required for these and other radioisotopes to allow the continued use of direct maintenance procedures for various plant systems.
The genome sequence of Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae KACC10331, the bacterial blight pathogen of rice (2005)

The nucleotide sequence was determined for the genome of Xanthomonas oryzae pathovar oryzae (Xoo) KACC10331, a bacterium that causes bacterial blight in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The genome is comprised of a single, 4 941 439 bp, circular chromosome that is G + C rich (63.7%). The genome includes 4637 open reading frames (ORFs) of which 3340 (72.0%) could be assigned putative function. Orthologs for 80% of the predicted Xoo genes were found in the previously reported X.axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) and X.campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) genomes, but 245 genes apparently specific to Xoo were identified. Xoo genes likely to be associated with pathogenesis include eight with similarity to Xanthomonas avirulence (avr) genes, a set of hypersensitive reaction and pathogenicity (hrp) genes, genes for exopolysaccharide production, and genes encoding extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. The presence of these genes provides insights into the interactions of this pathogen with its gramineous host.
Coding for Frequency-Hopped Spread-Spectrum Communication with Partial-Band Interference--Part II: Coded Performance (1985)

The performance of codes in a frequency-hopped spreadspectrum communication system with partial-band interference is investigated. The performance measure considered is the decoded bit error probability. A simplified interference model and worst-case partial-band Gaussian noise interference model is considered with the interference noise statistically independent of the transmitted signal. We consider soft decision receivers with side information and hard decision receivers with and without side information.
A Floating CMOS Bandgap Voltage Reference For Differential Applications (1988)

The first floating CMOS bandgap voltage reference is presented. The circuit is very suitable for precision applications in fully differential analog circuits. lt generates a continuous time low impedance voltage of 2.48V ± 24 mV before trimming. The experimental prototype occupies 1800 mils square and dissipates 6 mW with a single supply voltage of 5V. Temperature stability is better than 20 ppm/C over a temperature range from 0 to 100 degree. The measured high frequency power supply rejection of-50 dB at 100KHz is the best ever reported.
Active disturbance rejection control algorithm for the unwinding tension system in gravure printing machine (2012)

In high-speed and high-precision printing process, the stability of tension control is essential for printing control system because the fluctuation and variation of tension have an important influence on the precision of the print register. This paper presents a unique decoupling controller based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method in order to strengthen the stability of the tension in unwinding system of gravure printing machines. In this paper, we first construct a nonlinear decoupling model in order to get the order and the static decoupling part of the unwinding system. Secondly, based on the order and the static decoupling part, an ADRC decoupling controller is designed for the unwinding tension system of gravure printing machines. Finally, the results of simulation with ADRC and PID controllers show that the proposed tension controller achieves a good decoupling control for unwinding system and has better robustness against internal and external disturbance than traditional PID controller in tension control of the unwinding system.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Nanocrystalline Li[Ni[sub 0.20]Li[sub 0.20]Mn[sub 0.60]]O[sub 2] (2003)

A nanocrystalline powder was synthesized by a simple combustion method and investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycling. The particle size of the powder was distributed in the range of 100-200 nm. Rietveld analysis revealed that is basically a layered rock-salt structure in which a small amount of Ni occupies the 3a sites. The initial discharge capacity of the cell was about 288 mAh/g when it was cycled at a voltage range of 4.8-2.0 V with a specific current of 20 mA g−1. A very promising factor for high-rate capability applications was a reversible capacity of 200 mAh g−1 at the 100th cycle with a high specific current of 400 mA g−1. The weight loss measurement for charged electrodes gave indirect evidence that the long plateau at 4.5 V did not originate from the ejection of oxygen. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
P<scp>HYTOCHEMICAL</scp>B<scp>ASED</scp>S<scp>TRATEGIES FOR</scp>N<scp>EMATODE</scp>C<scp>ONTROL</scp> (2002)

This review examines the discovery of naturally occurring phytochemicals antagonistic toward plant-parasitic and other nematodes. Higher plants have yielded a broad spectrum of active compounds, including polythienyls, isothiocyanates, glucosinolates, cyanogenic glycosides, polyacetylenes, alkaloids, lipids, terpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids, quassinoids, steroids, triterpenoids, simple and complex phenolics, and several other classes. Many other antinematodal compounds have been isolated from biocontrol and other fungi. Natural products active against mammalian parasites can serve as useful sources of compounds for examination of activity against plant parasites. The agricultural utilization of phytochemicals, although currently uneconomic in many situations, offers tremendous potential.
Iron absorption (1971)

Physiological control over iron balance is normally exercised through the regulation of iron absorption. Although it is known that the intestinal epithelium can reject unwanted dietary iron or absorb increased amounts when stores are low it is not known how iron crosses the epithelial cell or how this regulation is mediated. The principal factors which affect absorp- tion are those acting in the lumen of the gastro- intestinal tract which determine availability of iron for mucosal uptake, intraepithelial mechanisms controlling iron transit across the mucosa, and changes within the body which signal iron require- ments to the intestinal cells.