gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanosilver in Consumer Products: A Topic for Integration of Ethical & Social Implications with Biology (2012)

The controversy and uncertainty surrounding use of nanosilver in consumer products can be used to stimulate a question-based discussion that integrates ethical and social implications with biology.
Inhibition of rate of displacement at phosphorus due to angle strain in a four-membered ring. Tool to distinguish mechanism (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of rate of displacement at phosphorus due to angle strain in a four-membered ring. Tool to distinguish mechanismPaul Haake, Robert Douglas Cook, Toru Koizumi, Paul S. Ossip, Wolfgang Schwarz, and Donald A. TysseeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 12, 3828–3829Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00715a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00715a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the applicability of the sweep method to optimal control problems (1969)

Two types of linear quadratic problems are investigated. The first is associated with problems in which the final time is specified and the second with problems in which the final time is given implicitly. McReynolds and Bryson [1] have presented a sweep method for solving linear quadratic problems. This technique generates a feedback control law. The applicability of this method depends on the existence of the inverse of a matrix and the finiteness of two other matrices. Conditions assuring these properties are presented. The results of Dreyfus [2] for the first type of linear quadratic problem are extended to problems of the second type. In addition, it is shown that there are two special cases of this problem for which the desired inverse exists at the final time. For these cases, only two matrix equations need to be solved rather than the three matrix equations for the general case.
Diazidobis(2,2′-biimidazoline)nickel(II) (2004)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Ni(N3)2(C6H10N4)2], the NiII atom, located on an inversion center, adopts an octahedral coordination geometry, with the basal plane formed by four N atoms of two 2,2′-biimidazoline ligands [Ni—N = 2.0701 (13)–2.1099 (14) Å]. The apical positions are occupied by the two N atoms [Ni—N = 2.1851 (14) Å] of the azide anions.
Temperature sensitivity of the erythrocyte membrane potential as determined by cyanine dye fluorescence (1977)

We have used the cyanine dye fluorescence technique to measure the membrane potential of human erythrocytes as a function of temperature. With erythrocytes starved of glucose, there is an abrupt decrease in membrane potential centered at 38 degrees which is reversible up to 41 degrees, and irreversible at higher temperatures. With erythrocytes supplemented with glucose, the thermally induced transition is centered at 41 degrees and is reversible up to the highest temperature measured, 45 degrees. These results extend previous spectroscopic studies with erythrocyte membranes which demonstrated a thermally induced transition in protein tertiary or quaternary structure that is irreversible above 42 degrees.
Evaluación de la Reserva Energética del Suelo en Tres Sistemas de Labranza en un Cultivo de Caña de Azúcar en el Ingenio Central Castilla - Valle del Cauca, Colombia (2011)

Evaluación de la Reserva Energética del Suelo en Tres Sistemas de Labranza en un Cultivo de Caña de Azúcar en el Ingenio Central Castilla - Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Interaction of purified type IIB von Willebrand factor with the platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib induces fibrinogen binding to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex and initiates aggregation. (1985)

Von Willebrand factor (vWF) was purified from the plasma of a patient with type IIB von Willebrand disease (vWF from such a patient, IIB vWF) who had a normal platelet count and showed no evidence of spontaneous platelet aggregation. Large multimers of IIB vWF were absent from purified preparations and from plasma. Ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation was enhanced by purified IIB vWF. The aggregation of washed normal platelets mixed with IIB vWF (0.4 microgram/ml) required lower amounts of ristocetin than the aggregation of normal platelets mixed with the same concentrations of normal vWF. Moreover, purified IIB vWF alone induced aggregation of platelet-rich plasma at concentrations as low as 10 micrograms of IIB vWF/ml in the absence of any other agonist. Aggregation was blocked by a monoclonal antibody against the platelet membrane glycoprotein, GPIb, as well as by an anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody. Washed platelet suspensions were promptly aggregated by IIB vWF only when fibrinogen and CaCl2 were added to the mixture. Purified IIB vWF induces the binding of fibrinogen to platelets. Such binding was blocked by the anti-GPIb monoclonal antibody as well as by the anti-GPIIb/IIIa monoclonal antibody that inhibited aggregation. A second anti-GPIIb/IIIa antibody, which has the property of blocking vWF but not fibrinogen binding to platelets, blocked neither aggregation nor fibrinogen binding induced by IIB vWF. These studies demonstrate that platelet aggregation is triggered by the initial interaction of IIB vWF with GPIb which is followed by exposure of fibrinogen binding sites on GPIIb/IIIa. Fibrinogen binds to these sites and acts as a necessary cofactor for the aggregation response.
Periodontal health status and treatment needs among the elderly (2001)

The numbers of dentate elderly are growing rapidly in all industrialized countries, and epidemiological information about their oral health is urgently needed. Our study is part of the population-based Helsinki Ageing Study (HAS), and this paper describes the periodontal health status as well as the need for periodontal treatment among the dentate elderly born in 1904, 1909, and 1914 and living in January, 1989, in Helsinki, Finland (n = 175). The dental examinations were carried out during 1990 and 1991 at the Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Finland. The subjects' periodontal health was recorded by the CPITN (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs) method. The mean number of remaining teeth was 15.1 among men and 14.0 among women, with the mean number of remaining sextants 3.7 and 3.5, respectively. Healthy periodontal tissues (CPI = 0) were found in 7% of the subjects. Bleeding on probing (CPI = 1) was recorded in 6%, and calculus and/or overhanging margins of restorations (CPI = 2) in 41% of the subjects, as the worst finding. Altogether, 46% of the subjects had deep periodontal pockets, 35% with at least one 4- to 5-mm pocket (CPI = 3), and 11% with at least one > or = 6-mm pocket (CPI = 4). Overall, 93% of the subjects required oral hygiene instruction, 87% scaling and root planing, and 11% complex periodontal treatment. The periodontal treatment need was significantly higher in men than in women; however, no significant differences were observed among the three age cohorts. The need for complex periodontal treatment was unexpectedly low, probably explained by the fact that there were many missing teeth, especially molars, perhaps lost due to poor periodontal health.
Contribution of different sources to the hydrocarbon pollution during a rain event at the scale of an experimental catchment in Paris centre (2004)

Experiments performed on the “Marais” catchment, in central Paris, aimed to follow the quality of wet weather flows, from the entry up to the exit of a combined sewer network. Aliphatic (TAH) and polycyclic aromatic (PAH) hydrocarbon concentrations were measured for a significant number of rain events in roof, yard and street runoffs, as well as in wastewater at the catchment outlet. PAHs represented less than 0.05% of the total hydrocarbon contents in the “Marais” catchment whatever the sample location. The concentrations were in the 300?–?800?µg?l-1 and <1?–?200?ng?l-1 ranges for TAHs and PAHs, respectively. Mass balances, at catchment scale, were calculated over nine rain events in order to evaluate the contribution of three different sources: runoff, the wastewater and the sewer deposit erosion to the total wet weather pollution (WWP) load at the catchment outlet. Our results showed that the contributions were 48, 22 and 34% for TAHs and 75, 0 and 25% for PAHs for the sewer deposit erosion, the wastewater and the runoff, respectively. Our result is of interest for WWP management since an important abatement of combined sewer overflow (CSO) pollution might be reached through the reduction of in-sewer pollution stocks during dry weather, increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment plants during storms.
POLYCRYSTALLINE CuIn,-,Ga,Se, THIN FILM PV SOLAR CELLS PREPARED BY TWO-STAGE SELENIZATION PROCESS USING Se VAPOR (1994)

Novel two-stage Se vapor selenization of magnetron sputtered metallic precursors and Ga incorporation using single Cu-Ga(22 at../,) alloy target have been developed for preparation of we1 I-ad he rent, large, com pact, well-facet ed polyhedral grain Culn,.,Ga,Se, thin films having optimum composition Cu:ln:Ga:Se of 22.95:25.03:1.40:50.63. Cu-lnGa precursor homogenization by in situ heat-treatment at -90 C for 10 minutes prior to first selenization, selenization temperature of 550-560' C, and Se vapor incidence rate of 50 A sec-' resulted in improved morphology of completed Guln,.,Ga,Se, thin films, and solar cells with open circuit voltage V,, of 377 mV, short circuit current density J,, of 34.8 mA, fill factor FF of 62.5%, active area efficiency of 8.2% (total area efficiency 5.8% limited by FF 49.1%) and fairly constant spectral response over the spectral range.
Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors Administred in Alzheimers Disease (2009)

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a frustrating health disorder agitating millions in this era of modern science and technology. AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that damages the memory and cognitive systems of the body, therefore wrecking normal daily activities as well as the communicative skills of the afflicted person. To this regard special attention is required by our researchers to develop better treatment and by the various political social-assistence agencies to grant more funds and aides to better provide for the patients. Consequently, it is worthwhile to examine the role of anti-acetylcholinesterases in reducing the level of inflammatory markers reported in current literature. As of today, AD patients are treated by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors which prolong cognitive function by increasing synaptic activity. Often, new natural as well as synthetic inhibitors are reported by researchers all around the world although this treatment is only symptomatic and provides modest outcomes to the patients. The recent explanation of the inflammatory pathways involved in AD however, has opened new avenues for researchers to find a cure by thinking from alternative angles that target the cause of the disease rather than the obvious symptoms. To this respect, there are appreciating efforts by various research teams, who are working on expressions of pro-and anti-inflammatory markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of AD patients to understand their actual mechanisms. There are several links between inflammation and central nervous system disorders like Alzheimers, Cancer, Huntingtons, Multiple Sclerosis, and Parkinsons while the depth of their relationship depends on the timing and extent of anti- or pro-inflammatory gene expressions. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, anti-acetylcholinesterase, acetylcholine, inflammation
Electrical properties of ZnO-Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>thin-film varistors (1987)

A ZnO-Bi2O3 two layer composite has been studied as a model of a single grain boundary in a ceramic zinc oxide varistor whose excellent non-linearity of V-I characteristics has been believed to arise from the ZnO grain boundary. The two-layer specimen formed by sputtering shows highly non-linear V-I characteristics whose coefficient of non-linearity for reverse-bias equals or exceeds those of actual ceramic varistors. This specimen also shows a decrease in resistance after voltage application which corresponds to the degradation of ZnO varistors. This system, therefore, can be used not only as a model system for studying mechanisms of conduction and degradation of ZnO varistors but also as a thin-film varistor. The authors find that a negative charge and associated potential barrier at the ZnO-Bi2O3 interface control the non-linear V-I characteristics. A decrease of the negative charge causes the decrease of the barrier height and thus the current increase in the low-voltage region, i.e. the degradation. They suggest that the high non-linearity under reverse-bias is due to electron tunnelling through the barrier at the reverse-bias ZnO-Bi2O3 interface. This governs the non-linearity in an actual ZnO varistor whereas the forward-bias interface acts as an electron injector into an inter-granular layer.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Procedure for the Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Pyrimidine‐5‐carboxylic Esters. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ansteuerung elektrischer Antriebe (2017)

No AccessElektrifizierung in der FahrzeugtechnikOct 2017Ansteuerung elektrischer AntriebeOliver ZirnOliver Zirnhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446453647.006SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 234-271Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45094-3eISBN: 978-3-446-45364-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of New β‐Lactams by Cyclocondensation of 1‐Methoxy‐3‐(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadiene with 4‐Formyl Substituted Azetidinones. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scanning tunneling microscopic studies of platinum electrode surfaces (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTScanning tunneling microscopic studies of platinum electrode surfacesFu Ren F. Fan and Allen J. BardCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 8, 751–758Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00159a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00159a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views153Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fatal Malonyl CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency Due to Maternal Uniparental Isodisomy of the Telomeric End of Chromosome 16 (2007)

Malonic aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, encoded by the MLYCD gene. We report on a patient with clinical presentation in the neonatal period. Metabolic investigations led to a diagnosis of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, confirmed by decreased activity in cultured fibroblasts. High doses of carnitine and a diet low in lipids led to a reduction in malonic acid excretion, and to an improvement in his clinical conditions, but at the age of 4 months he died suddenly and unexpectedly. No autopsy was performed. Molecular analysis of the MLYCD gene performed on the proband's RNA and genomic DNA identified a previously undescribed mutation (c.772-775delACTG) which was homozygous. This mutation was present in his mother but not in his father; paternity was confirmed by microsatellite analysis. A hypothesis of maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) was investigated using fourteen microsatellite markers on chromosome 16, and the results confirmed maternal UPD. Maternal isodisomy of the 16q24 region led to homozygosity for the MLYCD mutant allele, causing the patient's disease. These findings are relevant for genetic counselling of couples with a previously affected child, since the recurrence risk in future pregnancies is dramatically reduced by the finding of UPD. In addition, since the patient had none of the clinical manifestations previously associated with maternal UPD 16, this case provides no support for the existence of maternally imprinted genes on chromosome 16 with a major effect on phenotype.
Esophageal Squamous Dysplasia is Common in Asymptomatic Kenyans: A Prospective, Community-Based, Cross-Sectional Study (2016)

ESD is common among asymptomatic residents of southwestern Kenya and is especially prevalent in persons aged >50 years and those living in particular local regions. Lugol's iodine chromoendoscopy is necessary for detection of most ESD but has only moderate sensitivity and specificity in this setting. Screening for ESD is warranted in this high-risk population, and endoscopic screening of Kenyans is feasible, safe, and acceptable, but more accurate and less invasive screening tests are needed.
Laser sounder approach for measuring atmospheric CO2 from orbit (2004)

We report on an active remote sensing approach using an erbium fiber amplifier based transmitter for atmospheric CO2 measurements in an overtone band near 1.57 microns and initial horizontal path measurements to less than 1% precision.
Toxic effects of methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of flowers and peduncles of Stryphnodendron adstringens (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae) on Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica workers (2006)

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate toxicity of methanolic and dichloromethane extracts obtained from Stryphnodendron adstringens to Apis mellifera and Scaptotrigona postica workers. The extracts were incorporated into the diet of the bees for evaluation of mortality rates. The ingestion bioassays were made with three concentrations (0.002mg/g, 0.005mg/g and 0.01 mg/g) for each bee species. The workers were kept in cages, with twenty workers per cage for each concentration tested. All bioassays had sixty workers in three cages that where maintained in a biological oxygen demand incubator with controlled temperature and humidity. The data obtained in the toxicity bioassays were analyzed statistically by Log Rank test and all methanolic and clichloromethane extracts showed significant (P < 0.0001) toxic effects in all tested concentrations.
Rate constants for the self-reactions of n- and sec-butylperoxy radicals and cyclohexylperoxy radicals. The deuterium isotope effect in the termination of secondary peroxy radicals (1968)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Particle diffusion from resonance islands in ALADDIN at SRC (2002)

The dynamics of the beam in the resonance islands was studied on the electron storage ring ALADDIN at the Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC). We especially studied the horizontal third- and fourth-integral resonances driven by sextupole fields in the first and second order. A fast kicker was fired to kick the beam into one of the outboard stable islands. The beam took on a quasi-Gaussian distribution and slowly diffused out of the island. The diffusion rate and its dependence on the strengths of the driving sextupoles and the chromaticity sextupoles were measured by tracing the resonance peak of the betatron oscillation on the spectrum analyzer. Beam positions were also recorded through the data acquisition device which was clocked by a pulse-delay circuitry. Interesting results are shown and compared with numerical calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bovine serum albumin and lysophosphatidic acid stimulate calcium mobilization and reversal of cAMP-induced stellation in rat spinal cord astrocytes (1997)

We report that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) stimulates dynamic calcium (Ca2+) fluctuations and morphological rearrangements in astrocytes derived from neonatal rat spinal cord. Addition of 10 microM LPA elicited single Ca2+ transients, or biphasic oscillations and sustained increases in intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). The biphasic Ca2+ response consisted of an initial release from intracellular stores, often followed by a sustained elevation or continued oscillations that required Ca2+ flux across the cell membrane. The type of Ca2+ response, but not the overall magnitude, was dependent on LPA concentration. Higher concentrations (> 10 microM) often elicited sustained increases in [Ca2+]i, while lower concentrations stimulated oscillations or single Ca2+ transients. It has previously been established that agents that elevate cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) induce flat astrocytes to adopt a more stellate morphology. LPA can completely reverse this morphological change at a half-maximal concentration of 215 nM. Inhibiting LPA-induced [Ca2+]i fluctuations using BAPTA-AM to buffer [Ca2+]i and EGTA in the bath to prevent transmembrane flux had little effect on the ability of LPA to reverse stellation. LPA is found bound to serum albumin, in which crude preparations have been shown to induce various physiological responses in a number of cell types. Many of the activities have been attributed to albumin-associated lipid factors including LPA. We show that lipid factors associated with BSA can mimic the effect of LPA in both Ca2+ mobilization and reversal of cAMP-induced stellation.
Occurrence of brassinolide and castasterone in crown gall cells of Catharanthus roseus. (1989)

Cultured crown gall cells of Catharanthus roseus Don (Vinca rosea L.) was found to contain brassinosteroids. These were identified as brassinolide and castasterone by GC/MS. This is the first conclusive identification of endogenous brassinosteroids in cultured cells.