gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General relativistic model for experimental measurement of the speed of propagation of gravity by VLBI (2002)

A relativistic sub-picosecond model of gravitational time delay in radio astronomical observations is worked out and a new experimental test of general relativity is discussed in which the effect of retardation of gravity associated with its finite speed can be observed. As a consequence, the speed of gravity can be measured by differential VLBI observations. Retardation in propagation of gravity is a central part of the Einstein theory of general relativity which has not been tested directly so far. The idea of the proposed gravitational experiment is based on the fact that gravity in general relativity propagates with finite speed so that the deflection of light caused by the body must be sensitive to the ratio of the body's velocity to the speed of gravity. The interferometric experiment can be performed, for example, during the very close angular passage of a quasar by Jupiter. Due to the finite speed of gravity and orbital motion of Jupiter, the variation in its gravitational field reaches observer on Earth not instantaneously but at the retarded instant of time and should appear as a velocity-dependent excess time delay in addition to the well-known Shapiro delay, caused by the static part of the Jupiter's gravitational field. Such Jupiter-QSO encounter events take place once in a decade. The next such event will occur on September 8, 2002 when Jupiter will pass by quasar J0842+1835 at the angular distance 3.7 arcminutes. If radio interferometric measurement of the quasar coordinates in the sky are done with the precision of a few picoseconds (about 5 microarcseconds) the effect of retardation of gravity and its speed of propagation may be measured with an accuracy about 10%.
Lithium Compound Treatment and Psoriasis (1979)

Observations were made of 12 cases of psoriasis that developed and three cases of psoriasis that became exacerbated during treatment with lithium compounds. Only two patients had a family history of psoriasis, and results of a search for increased frequencies of the histocompatibility antigens seen in psoriasis vulgaris were negative. The clinical features were identical to severe psoriasis vulgaris and the diagnosis was confirmed by histologic examination performed in six cases. However, the skin changes disappeared or returned to pretreatment level after withdrawal of lithium compounds. A positive provocation test result was obtained in two cases, the secondary latency time being shorter than the primary. We suggest that the psoriasis was induced or exacerbated by lithium compounds.
23: Anatomy of melancholia: Vasopressin and over-activation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis in depression (2004)

Large-scale community health worker programs are now growing in importance around the world in response to the resurgence of interest and growing evidence of the importance of community-based primary health care for improving the health of populations in resource-constrained, high-mortality settings. These programs, because of their scale and operational challenges, merit special consideration by the global health community, national policy-makers, and program implementers. A new online resource is now available to assist in that effort: Developing and Strengthening Community Health Worker Programs at Scale: A Reference Guide and Case Studies for Program Managers and Policymakers ( http://www.mchip.net/CHWReferenceGuide ). This CHW Reference Guide is the product of 27 different collaborators who, collectively, have a formidable breadth and depth of experience and knowledge about CHW programming around the world. It provides a thoughtful discussion about the many operational issues that large-scale CHW programs need to address as they undergo the process of development, expansion or strengthening. Detailed case studies of 12 national CHW programs are included in the Appendix-the most current and complete cases studies as a group that are currently available. Future articles in this journal will highlight many of the themes in the CHW Reference Guide and provide an update of recent advances and experiences. These articles will serve, we hope, to (1) increase awareness about the CHW Reference Guide and its usefulness and (2) connect a broader audience to the critical importance of strengthening large-scale CHW programs for the health benefits that they can bring to underserved populations around the world.
Coherence Gated Three-dimensional Imaging System using Organic Photorefractive Holography (2014)

This paper discusses a coherence-gated three-dimensional imaging system based on photorefractive holography, which was applied to imaging through turbid media with a view to developing biomedical instrumentation. A rapid response photorefractive device doped with 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenylidene malononitrile was used to generate the hologram grating. The estimated depth resolution was <TEX>$20{\mu}m$</TEX>, which corresponds to the coherence length of the light source. In this coherence imaging system, tomographic imaging of a 3-dimensional object composed of a <TEX>$50{\mu}m$</TEX> thick cylindrical layer was achieved. The proposed coherence imaging system using an organic photorefractive material can be used as an optical tomography system for biological applications.
[Pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis]. (1991)

Longer life expectancy for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) has resulted in an increased incidence of pneumothorax (PT), which occurs in advanced stages of CF. This study is based on 276 patients with CF followed up between 1974 and 1989 at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Berne, Switzerland. 23 children or adolescents (10 boys and 13 girls) experienced 51 events of PT, 18 of which were tension pneumothoraces. The average age at first episode was 15.6 years. The long-term success rates of the four different therapeutic modalities used were 24% for observation, 9% for pleural suction drainage only, 75% for quinacrine sclerosis and 90% for open thoracotomy. Sclerosis was associated with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays than thoracotomy. We therefore conclude that, following initial evacuation of the PT using a chest tube, quinacrine sclerosis should be considered as primary prophylaxis for recurrent PT. Only in 3 of the 23 patients did the course of the basic disease deteriorate substantially following PT, and there was no death related to the PT episodes.
Improved Cancer Detection Using Computer-Aided Detection with Diagnostic and Screening Mammography: Prospective Study of 104 Cancers (2006)

CAD resulted in detection of more cancers in screening and diagnostic patients, with an increased recall rate but no deterioration in PPV of biopsy. Additional cancers detected were significantly smaller.
Thermogelable PNIPAM microgel dispersion as 3D cell scaffold: effect of syneresis (2010)

Using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAM-HEMA)) microgel as an example, we proposed that thermogelable microgel dispersions can be used as a new type of injectable cell scaffolds. However, these in situ formed hydrogels shrink with time, which is undesirable for their use as cell scaffolds. In this work, the syneresis of hydrogels from poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel dispersions with various acrylic acid (AA) contents were measured. These concentrated microgel dispersions can all thermally gelate at physiological pH and ionic strength. With increasing AA content in the microgels, the gelation temperature of the dispersion increases, but the degree of syneresis of the resulting hydrogels decreases. The kinetics of shrinkage can be well described by the Tanaka-Fillmore equation, indicating that the deswelling of the hydrogels is governed by the cooperative diffusion of the gel network. These hydrogels present an interconnected porous structure with pore size decreases with an increasing degree of syneresis. HepG2 cells were seeded in these hydrogels. While the cells proliferate and form spheroid-like aggregates in hydrogels with a low degree of syneresis, their growth is inhibited in the one with a high degree of syneresis. These results indicate that the syneresis of the hydrogel has an adverse effect on cell culturing. This effect can be alleviated by adjusting AA content in the microgels. However, cells do not grow either if AA content is too high which results in a lack of cell-substrate interaction.
A system for the automatic recognition of patterns (1959)

The paper describes a new method for the automatic recognition of patterns. The method may be applied to any form of spatial pattern, but in the present instance, patterns consisting of line figures are considered. The pattern is presented to a flying-spot scanner connected to a digital computer. The shape of the pattern is analysed and a statement is prepared describing the basic features of the pattern. The pattern is then recognized by comparing this statement with a number of others already stored in the computer which relate to named patterns. Patterns are recognized independently of the angle at which they are presented to the scanner, and may be of any size provided that limits imposed by the resolution of the scanner are not exceeded. The average time to recognize a character is 60 seconds with the system programmed on a medium-speed computer. Special-purpose equipment built to perform certain of the stages of the process, together with the use of higher-speed computers now envisaged, will reduce this time by at least a thousandfold.If a new pattern is presented to the machine it will indicate its inability to recognize the pattern, but by giving the machine the name of the pattern, it may become one of the standard patterns which it can subsequently recognize. All the patterns recognized by the machine are hand-drawn and consist of such symbols as the capital letters of the alphabet and numerals, although the system is in no way limited to any special set of characters. Using exactly the same method but with an increase in the degree of complexity, it will be possible for machines to read handwriting.Special allowances are made for imperfections in the patterns, including breaks and general ill-definition. Where there is some confusion and an unknown pattern resembles two or more of the standard patterns, the relative degrees of similarity of the unknown to each of these standard patterns is printed out by the machine.
Analysis of Approaches of Monitoring, Intrusion Detection and Identification of Network Attacks (2020)

Information security is an important challenge due to the increasing number of attacks and intrusions. In this paper, approaches and systems for monitoring traffic and events, intrusion detection systems, deep packet inspection tools, and network packet sniffing systems are analyzed. It is shown that for intrusion detection and analysis of illegal actions in the network are used all the many systems and approaches described. A comparative analysis of incident, vulnerability and asset management systems was conducted. Based on this analysis, it is possible to develop recommendations for the use of each system depending on the requirements of the organization.
A Nitrát Rendelet végrehajtása mezőgazdasági vállalkozásokban (2007)

A Nitrát Rendelet eltérő időpontokat határoz meg a nitrátérzékeny és a nem nitrátérzékeny területeken működő állattartó telepek hígtrágya tárolóinak kiépítésére. Jelen tanulmány ennek következményeit vizsgálja két mezőgazdasági nagyvállalkozásban. A nem nitrátérzékeny területen működő vállalat jelentős környezetterhelést okozhat pénzügyi következmények nélkül. A nitrátérzékeny területen működő vállalat számára viszont a rendelet előírásainak megfelelő hígtrágyatároló és -kezelő rendszer létesítése több százmillió forintos anyagi terhet jelentett. Értéke az üzembe helyezés évében megközelítette a vállalat tárgyi eszköz értékének 10%-át. Működtetése további költségekkel jár. A költségekkel szemben hozamként a hígtrágya N tartalmát lehetne figyelembe venni, vizsgálatainkban statisztikai próbákkal igazoltuk, hogy a 2002-2004 közötti időszakban nem jelentkezett terméstöbblet a hígtrágyával öntözött területeken. Ez arra enged következtetni, hogy a hígtrágya N tartalmának majdnem egésze a kiöntözés körülményei miatt ammónia formájában a légkörbe távozott. A költséges beruházás eredményeként a rendelet célja megvalósult, viszont nem a növénytermelés számára hasznosítható tápanyag keletkezett, hanem légszennyezés. Ilyen és hasonló vizsgálatok hozzájárulnak a fenntartható gazdálkodási rendszer üzemi megvalósításához. ---------------------- The Nitrate Directive set different deadlines for building liquid manure storage units on nitrate-sensitive versus non-sensitive areas. Our study investigates the effect of this at two agricultural firms. The one operating over a non-sensitive area can generate a significant environmental burden without any financial consequences. The other firm, operating over a nitrate-sensitive area, was forced to establish a system for storing and treating liquid manure at a cost of several hundred million forints, in order to comply with the decree. In the year operations began, the value of this system reached 10% of the corporation's tangible assets. There are also further costs of operation. Against these expenses one might set the yield from the nitrogen content of the liquid manure. However, our investigations revealed with statistical tests that there was no excess crop production in the 2002-2004 period on the fields irrigated with liquid manure. This implies that, under the conditions of the treatment, almost all nitrogen content must have escaped into the atmosphere as ammonia. Therefore the goal targeted by the decree was reached at great investment cost and produces atmospheric pollution rather than nutrients useful for crop production.
[Local treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha in a patient with lung cancer]. (1997)

Tumor Necrosis Factor alfa (TNFa) is a cytokine with cytolytic and cytotoxic properties. First clinical trials in which TNF was administered parenterally date back to early 70-ties. Soon it was noticed that when administered strictly to the tumor mass TNF exhibits high anti-tumor efficacy, exemplified by total or at least substantial regression of the tumor mass while producing minor and controllable symptoms. In this paper the case of local administration of the recombinant TNFa directly into the tumor mass constricting the bronchus was presented.
Using internal magnetic fields to obtain pore size distributions of porous media (2003)

Abstract This article reviews an NMR method, Decay due to Diffusion in Internal Field (DDIF), to obtain detailed pore size information in the fluid‐filled porous media. This method detects molecular diffusion of the fluid in the pore space subject to the magnetic field inhomogeneity produced by the susceptibility contrast between the fluid and the solid materials. We discuss the use of stimulated echoes to create and detect the magnetization modulation, different encoding regimes (weak and strong), and the analysis of the multiexponential decay using Laplace inversion. We also discuss briefly the theoretical treatment of diffusion in porous media using the eigenmode formalism. We note that the application of this technique does not use applied field gradients. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson 18A: 97–110, 2003
Survey of Food and Nutrition Research in the United States of America 1952-1953 (1955)

Survey of Food and Nutrition Research in the United States of America 1952-1953 Affiliation Alice H. Smith CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.45.1.104-b Published Online: October 03, 2011
New principle for the simultaneous detection of total and immunoglobulin M antibodies applied to the measurement of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (1984)

A new test principle for the simultaneous detection of total approximate titers and immunoglobulin M antibodies has been developed and applied to the detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. The method is based on the combination of a competition radioimmunoassay, for the determination of total antibody titer, with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the determination of single class antibodies. The interference of the rheumatoid factor was avoided by including heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G in the dilution buffer. The specificity, sensitivity, and clinical application of the test are discussed. The results presented suggest that the simultaneous detection of total and immunoglobulin M antibody to hepatitis B core antigen might be helpful in the differentiation between previous and recent or ongoing hepatitis B infection, as well as in the differential diagnosis of acute hepatitis, in monitoring viral activity in chronic infections, and in helping to differentiate acute from chronic infections. The test principle appears applicable in the accurate diagnosis of other infectious diseases by a single test on only one serum sample.
Biocatalysis in Ionic Liquids:  Markedly Enhanced Enantioselectivity of Lipase (2001)

[reaction: see text] Lipase-catalyzed transesterifications in ionic liquids proceeded with markedly enhanced enantioselectivity. It was observed that lipases were up to 25 times more enantioselective in ionic liquids than in conventional organic solvents.
Studies of graphene-based nanoelectromechanical switches (2011)

Electromechanical switch devices employing suspended graphene as movable elements have been developed. Their on and off states can be controlled by modulating the electrostatic force applied to the graphene. The devices exhibit on-off ratios of up to 104 and lifetimes of over 500 cycles. The prototype device demonstrates the feasibility of using multilayer graphene in electromechanical systems. Measurements of the mechanical properties of the free-standing monolayer graphene gave a value of 0.96 TPa for the Young’s modulus and a van der Waals force with silicon oxide of 0.17 nN/nm2.
Selection of internal control genes for quantitative real-time RT-PCR studies during tomato development process (2008)

This work constitutes the first effort for the selection of optimal endogenous controls for quantitative real-time RT-PCR studies of gene expression during tomato development process. From our study a tool-kit of control genes emerges that outperform the traditional genes in terms of expression stability.
Mechanism of Abdominal Wall Recurrence After Laparoscopic Resection of Colonic Cancers (1995)

Although abdominal wall recurrence after conventional resection for colon cancer remains a rare event, several reports of trocar site recurrence after laparoscopic oncological procedures have been reported. Although the mechanism is unclear, it appears that local factors are important for trocar recurrence after colorectal cancer procedures. Hematogenous dissemination to the trocar site does not appear to be a primary mechanism. The full realization of port-site recurrence has yet to be uncovered because only a relatively small number of colonic resections have performed laparoscopically for cancer. Prospective studies must include opportunities for both the discovery of trocar site recurrence and documenting this entity carefully.
Revolt at Mora, 1847 (1972)

One of the first objectives of the United States was the occupation of New Mexico.Brigadier General
New developments in the use of niacin for treatment of hyperlipidemia (1996)

Niacin has been used for many years to treat hyperlipidemia. It has been shown to reduce coronary death and non-fatal myocardial infarction and, in a separate analysis of long-term (15-year) follow-up, all cause mortality. It reduces total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides and increases high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Sustained-release niacin may be associated with more dramatic changes in LDL-C and triglyceride, whereas the short acting preparation causes greater increases in HDL-C. The increase of HDL-C occurs at a lower dose (1500 mg/day) than the reduction of LDL-C (> 1500 mg/day). Niacin also favorably influences other lipid parameters including lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], alimentary lipemia, familial defective apolipoprotein B-100 and small dense LDL. Combination of niacin with a bile acid sequestrant or a reductase inhibitor represents a powerful lipid-altering regimen. Whereas the reductase inhibitors and bile acid binding resins primarily affect LDL-C, the combined therapy has a synergistic effect to reduce LDL-C and, in addition, the niacin reduces triglycerides and increases HDL-C. The major drawback in the use of niacin is associated side effects (flushing and palpitations) and toxicity (worsening of diabetes control, exacerbation of peptic ulcer disease, gout, hepatitis). Niacin has a long history of use as a lipid lowering agent and has several attractive features. Unfortunately, the side effect profile of this agent warrants its use only in patients with marked dyslipidemia in whom side effects and potential toxicity are closely monitored.
Communication with bandwidth optimization in IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 hybrid networks (2006)

The hybrid network of WLAN and WMAN can take advantage of them to offer high quality service. In this paper, we first propose a scheme to make vertical handoff between IEEE 802.16 network and IEEE 802.11 network. The metrics is the available bandwidth. The algorithm can reduce the unnecessary handoff probability because of the signal strength temporarily dropping down. Next, a two-hop-relay architecture with mobile nodes to be relay gateways is presented. The system can utilize temporal channel quality variation to achieve higher capacity and extend the coverage range of IEEE 802.11 networks. This method can be extended to other heterogeneous networks.
Weighted-fitting-based adaptive filtering of images (2002)

In this paper, a weighted-fitting-based adaptive method is proposed to smooth images. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the proposed method can preserve both edges and corners while it suppresses noise effectively. Compared to the multiresolution adaptive filtering which only adjusts its filter size, the new method can change both the filter size and the filter shape adaptively so that it can smooth complex images effectively. Compared to the recursive adaptive filtering which is computationally expensive and needs to determine the recursive number, the proposed method does not need any input parameter and is computationally efficient.