gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of p27Kip1, cyclin E and c-myc expression with progression and prognosis in HPV-positive cervical neoplasms. (1999)

Recent studies demonstrated that a variety of human cancer cell lines express relatively high levels of p27Kip1 and that this might be associated with increased expression of Cyclin E. There is a feedback inhibitory loop between Cyclin E and p27Kip1, which can be counteracted by elevated c-myc activation. This study analyzed by immunohistochemistry the expression of p27Kip1, Cyclin E and c-myc in a series of HPV-positive cervical tissue samples representing various stages of cervical carcinogenesis, using 13 samples of normal epithelium, 24 low-grade CIN, 63 high-grade CIN, and 69 samples of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. To evaluate the cell proliferation, the Ki-67 Labelling Index (LI) was assessed. The presence of HPV was investigated by in situ DNA hybridization. We did not find any correlation between p27Kip1 expression and Ki-67 LI in normal and tumor tissue samples. There was evidence for an increase of p27Kip1 levels from low-grade to high-grade CIN. Cyclin E, c-myc and the Ki-67 LI were significantly increased during cervical carcinogenesis. Cyclin E and c-myc were positively correlated to cell proliferation in pre-cancerous lesions, but not related to overall survival in invasive carcinomas. Contrary to that, high levels of p27Kip1 are associated with poor overall survival in invasive cervical carcinomas of clinical stage IB. This may reflect the counteracting function of c-myc in blocking p27Kip1, thus representing the worst condition of a disturbed tumor cell cycle in cervical carcinoma, ultimately induced by HPV.
The effect of thyroidectomy in the fetal sheep on lung liquid reabsorption induced by adrenaline or cyclic AMP. (1988)

1. In fetal sheep at 113-120 days' gestation, thyroidectomy was performed and tracheal, arterial and venous catheters inserted. Following a recovery period experiments were performed from 120-145 days to measure changes in lung liquid secretion or its absorption in response to I.V. adrenaline infusion or to introduction of dibuteryl cyclic AMP into lung liquid. The results were compared with those previously obtained in non-thyroidectomized fetuses. 2. Plasma levels of thyroid hormones in non-thyroidectomized fetuses confirmed the pattern found by previous workers. In thyroidectomized fetuses the levels of thyroxine (T4), tri-iodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3 (rT3) were very low except in one fetus which showed biochemical evidence of thyroid regeneration towards the end of gestation. 3. In thyroidectomized fetuses the normal response to adrenaline infusion (diminution of reversal of lung liquid secretion) was profoundly suppressed and very little gestational maturation in this response took place, except in the one fetus with evidence of thyroid regeneration in which a normal reabsorptive response developed in late gestation. 4. In thyroidectomized fetuses, the normal response to dibuteryl cyclic AMP was greatly reduced and its increase with gestation which normally parallels that seen during adrenaline infusion did not take place.
Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys by Soluble Chromates, Chromate Coatings, and Chromate-Free Coatings (2003)

This review covers the aqueous chemistry of chromium and the origins of chromium toxicity. Evidence from older and more recent studies is presented showing that inhibition of Al corrosion is derived from both inhibition of oxygen reduction and inhibition of metal dissolution reactions mainly due to a delay in the onset of pitting. Inhibition of corrosion by chromates appears to be closely linked to their ability to irreversibly adsorb on to metal and oxide surfaces. With respect to chromate conversion coatings (CCCs), the evolution of modern coating formulations is presented with a focus on key advances that led to process simplification and improved coating performance. The current understanding of CCC formation, protection, and aging is presented. In the last section of the paper, processing and properties of selected chromate-free conversion coating chemistries is discussed. This discussion focuses on coatings that offer particularly attractive attributes such as self-healing and excellent adhesion.
Prothrombin synthesis and degradation in rat hepatoma (H-35) cells: effects of warfarin (1994)

Vitamin K is a substrate for the enzyme catalyzing the carboxylation of specific glutamyl residues to gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in hepatic precursors of a limited number of plasma proteins, including prothrombin. The gamma-carboxylation of these proteins can be blocked by the anticoagulant warfarin; and in the bovine and human, warfarin treatment results in the secretion of under-gamma-carboxylated forms of prothrombin into plasma. In the rat, this response is not seen, but plasma prothrombin concentrations are drastically decreased. This response has now been studied in rat hepatoma (H-35) cells in which prothrombin secretion is decreased 90% by incubation in the presence of warfarin. Neither prothrombin mRNA levels nor the apparent rate of prothrombin message translation were decreased when cells were cultured in the presence of warfarin rather than of vitamin K. The pool of intracellular prothrombin precursors is increased threefold by warfarin treatment, and this pool is rapidly secreted when vitamin K is administered. In contrast, continued incubation in the presence of warfarin resulted in the degradation of 60% of this pool in 24 hours. When transport of secretory proteins to the golgi apparatus was blocked with Brefeldin A, this precursor pool was gamma-carboxylated in the presence of vitamin K and no degradation occurred. Lysosomal enzyme inhibitors did not block the degradation, and the data suggest that, in rat hepatocytes, under-gamma-carboxylated prothrombin is specifically targeted to a pathway of protein degradation located in the endoplasmic reticulum.
The Federal Circuit's Inducement Conflict Resolution: The Flawed Foundation and Ignored Implications of DSU Medical, 6 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 198 (2007) (2007)

After years of uncertainty regarding the level of intent required to prove liability for inducing patent infringement, the Federal Circuit, in DSU Medical Corp. v. JMS Co., finally endorsed the specific intent standard detailed in the court's Manville Sales Corp. v. Paramount Systems, Inc. decision. This article examines the ramifications of DSU Medical Corp., especially in relation to the opinion of counsel defense to willful infringement. This article argues that the Federal Circuit's reliance on Manville Sales and MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster was misplaced, and that the adoption of the specific intent standard results in an elevated importance of the opinion of counsel defense to inducement. This could lead to confusion of willfulness and inducement intent for courts and juries, which, for policy reasons, should remain distinct.
Physical and Electrical Performance of Vapor–Solid Grown ZnO Straight Nanowires (2008)

Physical and electrical properties of wurtzitic ZnO straight nanowires grown via a vapor-solid mechanism were investigated. Raman spectrum shows four first-order phonon frequencies and a second-order Raman frequency of the ZnO nanowires. Electrical and photoconductive performance of individual ZnO straight nanowire devices was studied. The results indicate that the nanowires reported here are n-type semi-conductors and UV light sensitive, and a desirable candidate for fabricating UV light nanosensors and other applications.
Randomized, Crossover Study of Immersive Virtual Reality to Decrease Opioid Use During Painful Wound Care Procedures in Adults (2017)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of immersive virtual reality (IVR) distraction therapy during painful wound care procedures in adults on the amount of opioid medications required to manage pain. A convenience sample of consenting, adult inpatients requiring recurrent painful wound care procedures was studied. Using a within-subject, randomized controlled trial study design, 2 sequential wound procedures were compared, 1 with IVR distraction therapy and 1 without IVR. Total opioid medications administered before and during the wound procedures were recorded and pain and anxiety were rated before and after the 2 wound procedures. The IVR intervention included the wearing of virtual reality goggles and participation in an immersive, computer generated, interactive, 3-dimensional virtual world program. Data were analyzed with Student's t test and chi-square analysis, with P < 0.05 considered significant. A total of 18 patients were studied, with 12 completing both study wound procedures and 6 completing a single wound procedure. The amount of opioid administered before each of the 2 wound procedures was similar with and without IVR. Total opioid administration during the dressing procedures with IVR was significantly less than when no IVR was used, 17.9 ± 6.0 and 29.2 ± 4.5 mcg/kg fentanyl, respectively (t = -2.7; df = 14; P = 0.02). Two of 15 patients (11%) requested more than 1 opioid rescue dose with IVR and 9 of 15 patients (60%) requested more than 1 rescue dose without IVR. Seventy-five percentage of participants stated that they would want to use IVR with future dressing changes. Pain and anxiety scores were similar for the wound procedures with and without IVR (P > 0.05). IVR significantly reduced the amount of opioid medication administered during painful wound care procedures when IVR was used compared with no IVR. Since pain scores were similar before and after the wound procedures with IVR and without IVR, the 39% reduction in opioid medication during IVR supports its use as a pain distraction therapy during painful procedures.
A CMOS impedance cytometer for 3D flowing single-cell real-time analysis with &#x0394;&#x03A3; error correction (2012)

Flow cytometry is an essential cell analysis technology in clinical immunology and haematology for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. It involves the counting, identification and sorting of cells [1,2]. Conventional bulk measurements [3] require a large volume of blood, which is not desirable for the early detection of a disease, when only a very small percentage of cells contain evidence of the disease. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, a non-invasive and high-throughput single-cell analysis method using CMOS-integrated circuits in conjunction with a microfluidic channel as the first building block of a complete cell-sorting device.
Student Assessment: A Critical Function of the School Library Media Specialist. (2000)

Liquid computers use incompressible fluids for computational processes. Here, we present experimental laboratory prototypes of liquid computers using colloids composed of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles and microspheres containing thermal proteins (proteinoids). The choice of proteinoids is based on their distinctive neuron-like electrical behavior and their similarity to protocells. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles are chosen for their nontrivial electrical properties. Our research demonstrates the successful extraction of 2-, 4-, and 8-bit logic functions in ZnO proteinoid colloids. Our analysis shows that each material has a distinct set of logic functions and that the complexity of the expressions is directly related to each material present in a mixture. Our study shows that 2-, 4-, and 8-bit logic functions can be successfully extracted from ZnO proteinoid colloids. These findings provide a basis for the development of future hybrid liquid devices capable of general-purpose computing.
Vehicle speed control and safety prototype using controller area network (2017)

Automotive electronics is developing a standard in vehicles. In-vehicle networking is used in control circuits to increase vehicle safety and reliability to ensure intelligent control with high performance. This paper presents the development of vehicle speed controlled driving system for a semi-autonomous vehicle to reduce or avoid emergency conditions while improving the driver-vehicle interface. In-vehicle networking works with different protocols which is a method for communicating data among distributed electronic modules via a serial data bus. CAN is a vehicle bus used for communication between microcontrollers without host computer. This system will analyze and introduce monitoring and controlling automatic headlight, vehicle speed control with obstacle detection, temperature, seat-belt and battery voltage to handle an emergency situation through two nodes which are communicating through CAN protocol. These nodes monitoring and controlling above parameters by communicating with each other.
Binary Superlattices of Nanoparticles: Self‐Assembly Leads to “Metamaterials” (2003)

A simple bottom-up approach allows the aggregation of nanoparticles to a variety of superlattices with controlled collective properties. For example, monodisperse magnetic Fe2O3 nanocrystals (blue) and PbSe semiconductor quantum dots (red) form a binary three-dimensional AB13-type superlattice by self-assembly (see picture).
The Survival Benefits of AIDS Treatment in the United States (2006)

At least 3.0 million years of life have been saved in the United States as a direct result of care of patients with AIDS, highlighting the significant advances made in HIV disease treatment.
EMS-Vision: mission performance on road networks (2002)

The paper gives a survey on the state of the art of complex mission performance at UBM. It shows the interaction between the upper decision and planning modules and the experts specialized for locomotion and perception. The scenario of a complex mission on road networks including a turn-off maneuver is chosen to illustrate the overall control and information flow.
Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Syndecan-2 Induces the Maturation of Dendritic Spines in Rat Hippocampal Neurons (1999)

Dendritic spines are small protrusions that receive synapses, and changes in spine morphology are thought to be the structural basis for learning and memory. We demonstrate that the cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-2 plays a critical role in spine development. Syndecan-2 is concentrated at the synapses, specifically on the dendritic spines of cultured hippocampal neurons, and its accumulation occurs concomitant with the morphological maturation of spines from long thin protrusions to stubby and headed shapes. Early introduction of syndecan-2 cDNA into immature hippocampal neurons, by transient transfection, accelerates spine formation from dendritic protrusions. Deletion of the COOH-terminal EFYA motif of syndecan-2, the binding site for PDZ domain proteins, abrogates the spine-promoting activity of syndecan-2. Syndecan-2 clustering on dendritic protrusions does not require the PDZ domain-binding motif, but another portion of the cytoplasmic domain which includes a protein kinase C phosphorylation site. Our results indicate that syndecan-2 plays a direct role in the development of postsynaptic specialization through its interactions with PDZ domain proteins.
Near field magnetic induction Communication in Body Area Network (2012)

Next generation wireless communication system may be near filed magnetic induction Communication (NFMIC) which has major application in Body Area Network (BAN). Communication takes place in and around the body is called BAN. This Paper describes the working principle, power equation, its significance and application in NFMIC. It is compared with the other short range wireless technology such as Bluetooth, WLAN, UWB, ZigBee and RFID inside a BAN. This provides information how NFMIC is going to be next generation wireless communication.
Cross Sections for the De-Excitation of Helium Metastable Atoms by Collisions with Atoms (1962)

The lifetimes of metastable helium atoms $\mathrm{He}(2^{3}S)$ and $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}S)$ were measured by a time-resolved optical absorption technique in the afterglow of a pulsed helium discharge at 10-mm pressure with small concentrations of various impurity gases added. The following de-excitation cross sections in units of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ have been determined for $\mathrm{He}(2^{3}S)$: Ne---0.28, Ar---6.6, Kr---10.3, Xe---13.9, ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$---6.4, and ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$---6.0. The uncertainties are estimated to be \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20% for the rare gases and \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}50% for the molecular gases. $\mathrm{He}(2^{1}S)$ cross sections were measured to be Ne---4.1, Ar---55, Kr---64, and Xe---103, all times ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. The neon cross section is believed reliable to \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20% but the remaining singlet cross sections may be too high by as much as a factor 2 or 3. The cross sections refer to de-excitation by ionizing collisions except in the case of neon where neon excitation occurs. Competing destruction processes render the singlet cross-section analysis somewhat uncertain except in the case of neon.
Abnormal Oxidation of Nickel Silicide on N-Type Substrate and Effect of Preamorphization Implantation (2004)

In this study, the abnormal oxidation of nickel silicide on an n-type substrate and the suppression of the abnormal oxidation by N2 preamorphization implantation (PAI) have been investigated. Although there is little difference in the sheet resistance regardless of dopants just after the silicidation, a strong dependence was observed after high-temperature postsilicidation annealing. Only the As-doped source/drain was oxidized during the postsilicidation annealing, and silicide properties were severely degraded. To prevent the unintended oxidation of the As-doped source/drain, N2 or Ge PAI was implemented and the thermal stability was greatly improved by N2 PAI with a Ti capping layer.
Short-term forecasting of transit route OD matrix with smart card data (2011)

This paper presents a short-term forecasting approach on transit route OD (Origin-Destination) matrix using smart card data of buses. Temporal characteristics of stop-level boardings/alightings and route-level number of passengers are analyzed. A three-step methodology that provides short-term forecasts of transit route OD matrices is proposed. The proposed method is applied to bus route 966 in Beijing as a case study. The forecasted results are compared with the observed data. The proposed short-term forecasting approach has a mean absolute percentage error no more than 13.05% or lower and a maximum absolute error no more than 17 suggesting the usefulness of the proposed method to support the deployment of dynamic urban transportation management systems.
Local and long-range signalling pathways regulating plant responses to nitrate. (2002)

Nitrate is the major source of nitrogen (N) for plants growing in aerobic soils. However, the NO3 ion is also used by plants as a signal to reprogram plant metabolism and to trigger changes in plant architecture. A striking example is the way that a root system can react to a localized source of NO3 by activating the NO3 uptake system and proliferating lateral roots preferentially within the NO3-rich zone. That roots are able to respond autonomously in this fashion implies the existence of local signaling pathways that are sensitive to local changes in the external NO3 concentration. On the other hand, long-range signaling pathways are also needed to modulate these responses according to the plant's N status and to coordinate the allocation of resources between the root and the shoot. This review examines these signaling mechanisms and their interactions with sugar-sensing and hormonal response pathways.
Pseudoaromaten aus Indanonen‐(2), V. Über Benzologe des 4(8)‐Azazulens (1961)

Abstract 3‐Cyan‐1.2;6.7‐dibenzo‐4‐azazulen (V) und 3‐Cyan‐1.2‐benzo‐naphtho[2′.3′:6.7]‐4‐azazulen (VII) werden, ausgehend von 1‐Cyan‐indanon‐(2)‐imin, dargestellt. Die chemischen Eigenschaften zeigen vorwiegend olefinischen und, in Übereinstimmung mit den Absorptionsspektren, keinen azulenoiden Charakter.
Binding energy and density of shallow impurity states in GaAs–(Ga, Al)As quantum wells: effects of an applied hydrostatic stress (2003)

The effects of hydrostatic stress on the binding energy and the density of shallow-donor and shallow-acceptor impurity states in a GaAs–(Ga, Al)As quantum well are calculated using a variational procedure within the effective-mass approximation. Results are for different well widths and hydrostatic stresses, as a function of the impurity position along the growth direction of the structure. We have found that in the low-pressure regime the binding energy changes linearly for both donor and acceptor impurities, independently of the sizes of the well. However, for high pressures (greater than 13.5 kbar) this is valid for acceptors but not for donors due to the Γ-X crossover. We have shown that there are two special structures in the density of impurity states, one associated with on-centre and the other with on-edge impurities. Also, we have observed that the density of impurity states depends strongly on the applied hydrostatic stress.
A novel algorithm for high-throughput programming of multilevel flash memories (2003)

This paper presents a new method to program multilevel (ML) flash memories that combines ramped-gate programming with minimum verification of the sense transistor threshold voltage, in order to achieve high program throughput, i.e., number of bits programmed per second. Such a method is studied by means of extensive measurements on production quality test chips and is found able to allow a program throughput about three times as large as the state of the art presented in the literature. Furthermore, it is found adequate for 3-bit-per-cell multilevel schemes, while for the extension to the 4-bit-per-cell case the use of error correcting codes cannot be avoided.
Determination of optimum electrolyte composition for molten carbonate fuel cells (1986)

The objective of this study is to determine the optimum electrolyte composition for molten carbonate fuel cells. To accomplish this, the contractor will provide: (1) Comprehensive reports of on-going efforts to optimize carbonate composition. (2) A list of characteristics affected by electrolyte composition variations (e.g. ionic conductivity, vapor pressure, melting range, gas solubility, exchange current densities on NiO, corrosion and cathode dissolution effects). (3) Assessment of the overall effects that these characteristics have on state-of-the-art cell voltage and lifetime.