gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal/III-V effective barrier height tuning using atomic layer deposition of high-κ/high-κ bilayer interfaces (2011)

In this work, we use thin dielectrics to reduce the Al/n-GaAs effective barrier height (ΦB,eff) of metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) contacts. We investigate the use of atomic layer deposition of HfO2, Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, and bilayer high-κ dielectrics and confirm there is a shift in the Fermi level that reduces the contact resistance. In studying high-κ/high-κ interfaces, we find that despite a thicker dielectric, there is further reduction in ΦB,eff beyond that of a single dielectric, which can be explained by the formation of a high-κ/high-κ dipole. This MIS structure provides great flexibility in the design of source/drain contacts for III-V transistors.
Multi-scale modeling of fission gas evolution in UO2 (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
Energy aware power allocation strategies for multihop-cooperative transmission schemes (2007)

This paper is focused on the optimization of transmitted power in a cooperative decoded relaying scheme for nodes belonging to the single primary route towards. a destination. The proposed transmission protocol, referred to as Multihop Cooperative Transmission Chain (MCTC), is based on the linear combination of copies of the same message by multiple previous terminals along the route in order to maximize the multihop diversity. Power allocations among transmitting nodes in the route can be obtained according to the average (not instantaneous) node-to-node path attenuation using a recursive power assignment. The latter can be employed locally on each node with limited signalling exchange (for fixed or nomadic terminals) among nodes. In this paper the power assignments for the MCTC strategy employing conventional linear combining schemes at receivers (i.e., selection combining, maximal ratio combining and equal gain combining) have been derived analytically when the power optimization is constrained to guarantee the end-to-end outage probability. In particular, we show that the power assignment that minimize the maximum spread of received power (min-max strategy) can efficiently exploit the multihop diversity. In addition, for ad hoc networks where the energy of each node is an issue, the MCTC protocol with the min-max power assignment increases considerably the network lifetime when compared to non-cooperative multihop schemes
Population inversions in C iv in a recombing theta-pinch plasma (1987)

Population inversions on the 5g-4f and 4f-3d transitions of C IV at 253.0 and 116.9 nm have been observed in the recombination phase of a theta-pinch plasma initially containing 14 mTorr of acetylene and 0.5 mTorr of hydrogen gas. Population ratios of 17:11:1 for the 5g, 4f, and 3d levels were deduced from measured absolute line intensities of the 5g-4f and 4f-3d, and 3d-2p transitions at 253.0, 116.9, and 38.4 nm. The resulting gain-length product for a single pass through the 23-cm-long plasma column, based on the measured Doppler-broadened linewidth, is 2.3% at 116.9 nm and 5.8% at 253.0 nm.
Effect of comonomers on melt processability of polyacrylonitrile (2002)

Abstract This work is concerned with the feasibility of achieving melt‐processable polyacrylonitrile copolymer systems as precursors for the manufacture of carbon fibers. Identification of suitable comonomers and achieving the optimum content of the comonomer were some of the main objectives of this investigation. It was seen that methyl acrylate (MA) was found to be suitable for enabling the melt processing of polyacrylonitrile (PAN), in terms of melt viscosity, time stability, and char yield. Below 10 mol % of MA, the PAN copolymer exhibited no flowability, even at very low molecular weights (∼ 20,000). The long‐range order inherently present in PAN is speculated to be broken down at a critical value of about 10% MA at 220°C in the PAN‐based system, enabling its melt flowability. It was also seen that the incorporation of MA was seen to improve the temperature and molecular weight window of processability of the PAN system. The molecular weight cutoff for the 90/10 mol % acrylonitrile/methyl acrylate (AN/MA) system was about 50,000 at 220°C, whereas it was increased to about 100,000 in the presence of 15 mol % MA comonomer. Feasibility studies on the use of other comonomers such as higher acrylates and acrylamides were also conducted. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 69–83, 2002
Så konstrueras falsk information : En kartläggning av Stopfake.org och den avslöjade falska informationen under Ukrainakonflikten (2015)

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur falsk information under Ukrainakonflikten ser ut. Undersökningen baseras på material från den källkritiska, ukrainska hemsidan, Stopfake.org. Den startades som ett projekt av alumner och studenter vid Mohyla School of Journalism i Kiev. Undersökningen baseras på allt material som publicerats på hemsidan från mars 2014 till april 2015 I uppsatsen visar vi ett urval av konkreta exempel på hur falsk information ser ut. Materialet har använts för en kvantitativ undersökning där vi kodat den presenterade informationen och sedan analyserat resultatet. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det är betydligt vanligare med missinformation, vilseledande information, än vad det är med desinformation, falsk information med falsk kontext. Vidare är det även mycket vanligare att använda sig av svartmålande och skönmålande falsk information.
Formation of a Thermally Stable, Porous Coordination Network via a Crystalline-to-Amorphous-to-Crystalline Phase Transition (2009)

A porous coordination network was cleanly obtained after a crystalline-to-amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition, and the crystal structure was unambiguously solved by ab initio powder X-ray diffraction. After the solid-state phase transition, the porous structure was remarkably stable up to 673 K and capable of reabsorbing various guest molecules, such as aromatic solvents and I(2).
Novel hybrid polymeric materials incorporating carboranes (2005)

U4047-U4048
Differential control of band 3 lateral and rotational mobility in intact red cells. (1994)

Measurements of integral membrane protein lateral mobility and rotational mobility have been separately used to investigate dynamic protein--protein and protein-lipid interactions that underlie plasma membrane structure and function. In model bilayer membranes, the mobilities of reconstituted proteins depend on the size of the diffusing molecule and the viscosity of the lipid bilayer. There are no direct tests, however, of the relationship between mechanisms that control protein lateral mobility and rotational mobility in intact biological membranes. We have measured the lateral and rotational mobility of band 3 in spectrin-deficient red blood cells from patients with hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary pyropoikilocytosis. Our data suggest that band 3 lateral mobility is regulated by the spectrin content of the red cell membrane. In contrast, band 3 rotational mobility is unaffected by changes in spectrin content. Band 3 lateral mobility and rotational mobility must therefore be controlled by different molecular mechanisms.
Scatter correction in cone‐beam CT via a half beam blocker technique allowing simultaneous acquisition of scatter and image information (2012)

An asymmetric half beam blocker-based FDK acquisition and reconstruction technique has been established. The proposed scheme enables simultaneous detection of patient specific scatter and complete volumetric CBCT reconstruction without additional requirements such as prior images, dual scans, or moving strips.
Microfossils in the Murchison and Rainbow Carbonaceous Meteorites (2002)

Astrobiologists are working to develop methodologies for the recognition of bacterial microfossils, biominerals, and chemical biomarkers in terrestrial rocks, to provide a basis for the scientific assessment of possible microfossils in meteorites and other Astromaterials. During the past 5 years, we have conducted electron microscopy investigations to understand the morphology and chemical composition of microfossils in ancient terrestrial rocks and to search for microfossils presence in meteorites. We have detected evidence of indigenous microfossils and biominerals in-situ in every carbonaceous meteorite investigated but have found no evidence for microfossils in the nickel-iron and stony meteorites studied. In this paper, we provide a brief review of prior evidence for microfossils in meteorites and present Scanning and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM and ESEM) and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) images of microfossils found in-situ in freshly fractured surfaces of the Murchison and Rainbow meteorites. We describe the techniques and methods used to protect the samples from contamination and for the discrimination of indigenous microfossils from recent terrestrial contaminants We provide data from Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Link microprobe analysis of the chemical elements and 2D x-ray maps as strong evidence that these biogenic forms are indigenous to the meteorites and cannot logically be interpreted as recent bio-contaminants. We show evidence of framboidal magnetites and pyrites and compare them with framboidal magnetites and pyrites found in Cambrian richs from the Siberian Platform.
Analysis of Keratin Fibre Damage under Various Surface Treatment Conditions (2008)

This paper investigates the effect of three different treatments, namely (i) sunlight exposures, (ii) bleaching and (iii) perming on the damage of the keratin fibres (with the use of human hair). Scanning electron microscopy was applied to examine the surface morphology of the samples. Hair samples appeared to be rougher and their scales diminished after the treatments. The degree of colour change of samples was measured using a diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. All three different treatments caused a certain degree of colour change on the samples. Urea bisulphite solubility test was also employed to investigate the alkaline damage of samples. The results illustrated that the urea bisulphite solubility of samples conformably decreased when they were subject to these three types of treatments. With respect to the tensile strength property, the results indicate that the breaking load of treated samples decreased dramatically after undergoing three different types of treatments. On evaluating the test results, it was concluded that the bleaching process imparted the most severe damages to hair. The results of the different test methods were evaluated and discussed.
Acid-diffusion behaviour in organic thin films and its effect on patterning (2009)

Acid and its formation and placement is one of the most important aspects in the chemically amplified photolithographic process. The choice of photoacid generator (PAG) in the photolithographic patterning of acidic substrates, such as PEDOT:PSS, has consequences for the resolution and overall quality of the patterned image. In this study, an acid exchange and diffusion mechanism is proposed for the undesired decomposition of the unexposed photoresist layer containing ionic PAGs. The use of non-ionic PAGs has been shown to be a solution to this decomposition problem. In addition, the acidic nature of the PEDOT:PSS substrate is employed to produce patterned images of a cross-linkable light-emitting polymer. With further optimization and development, this is potentially a fast and simple method to introduce patterns in various organic electronic devices.
Renin-Angiotensin System Modulates Oxidative Stress–Induced Endothelial Cell Apoptosis in Rats (2005)

The role of the renin-angiotensin system in oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) was investigated using a rat model and cultured ECs. EC apoptosis was induced by 5-minute intra-arterial treatment of a rat carotid artery with 0.01 mmol/L H2O2 and was evaluated at 24 hours by chromatin staining of en face specimens with Hoechst 33342. Although activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme in arterial homogenates was not increased, administration of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor temocapril for 3 days before H2O2 treatment inhibited EC apoptosis, followed by reduced neointimal formation 2 weeks later. Also, an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (olmesartan) inhibited EC apoptosis, whereas angiotensin II administration accelerated apoptosis independently of blood pressure. Next, cultured ECs derived from a bovine carotid artery were treated with H2O2 to induce apoptosis, as evaluated by DNA fragmentation. Combination of angiotensin II and H2O2 dose-dependently increased EC apoptosis and 8-isoprostane formation, a marker of oxidative stress. Conversely, temocapril and olmesartan reduced apoptosis and 8-isoprostane formation induced by H2O2, suggesting that endogenous angiotensin II interacts with H2O2 to elevate oxidative stress levels and EC apoptosis. Neither an AT2 receptor blocker, PD123319, affected H2O2-induced apoptosis, nor a NO synthase inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, influenced the effect of temocapril on apoptosis in cell culture experiments. These results suggest that AT1 receptor signaling augments EC apoptosis in the process of oxidative stress-induced vascular injury.
Membrane Filtration of Seawater for Oil Reservoir Injection (1992)

Abstract In the recovery of hydrocarbons from offshore oil reservoirs seawater injection is frequently applied. Unfortunately, the high concentration of sulphate in the injection water may cause problems such as scaling and souring of oil reservoirs. Membrane filtration using nanomembrane can be applied to reduce the sulphate concentration. Nanomembranes have a high rejection of divalente anions and organic molecules with molecular weight above 200. In the present study the separation performance of a NF70-2570 nanomembrane was evaluated. The removal efficiencies obtained for sulphate, magnesium and calcium were greater than 93 %, 47 % and 37 % respectively. The rejection of monovalent anions such as chloride and bicarbonate were in the order of 10-30 % and 30-60 % respectively. The water flux through the membrane decreased from 36.8 l/m2h to 20 l/m2h at Τ = 26 °C after 64 hours of filtration. The required membrane area for the production of 500 m3/day will be in the order of 1000 - 1400 m2.
Evaluation for RFID tag antennas by antenna clearance based on power reflection coefficient (2011)

To evaluate the robustness of various RFID Tag antennas against close to metallic objects or liquid bottles, the concept of the antenna clearance, which shows the minimum distance from an obstacle with stable resonance, will be useful. We propose a new definition of the antenna clearance employing the variation of power reflection coefficient with the characteristic impedance of its feed line. A conducting wire of half wavelength is used as an obstacle. Plural definitions of antenna clearances of both an H-shaped antenna and a dipole antenna are compared respectively in this paper.
[Gd-AAZTA]<sup>-</sup>:  A New Structural Entry for an Improved Generation of MRI Contrast Agents (2004)

An innovative MRI contrast agent based on the unprecedented and easily obtained ligand AAZTA is described. The simple and straightforward synthesis of the ligand, together with the potentiometric and relaxometric behavior of the corresponding Gd(III) chelate, is reported. The complex [Gd(AAZTA)]- shows outstanding magnetic properties connected with high thermodynamic stability in aqueous solution and a nearly complete inertness toward the influence of bidentate endogenous anions, placing this compound as one of the most promising candidates for the development of high performance MRI contrast agents.
Non-linear control and stabilization of PWM current source rectifiers in the regeneration mode (2002)

PWM current source rectifiers are the preferred alternative to phase-controlled rectifiers when power factor and harmonic distortion are of concern. However, these rectifiers exhibit nonlinear characteristics and may become unstable under regenerative conditions, such as are encountered in current source inverter-based AC drives operating in the braking mode. This paper offers a solution to the design of stable and operating point independent controllers. It uses input-output linearization based on a nonlinear state variable feedback approach. Furthermore, an instantaneous power feedforward term is used to stabilize the control system. The theoretical analysis and controller design are presented. Results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed technique over standard linear controllers.
Re-activation of the p53 pathway inhibits in vivo and in vitro growth of hormone-dependent human breast cancer cells (2007)

Mutations in wild-type p53 (wtp53) protein lead to loss of its tumor suppressor function in breast cancer cells, facilitating uncontrolled tumor growth. Consequently, procedures to repair defective p53 functions in tumor cells are being actively pursued. We sought to determine whether expression of wtp53 protein, or conversion of endogenous mutant p53 (mtp53) into a functional p53 protein with small molecule PRIMA-1, can override the tumor-promoting effects of naturally occurring mtp53 protein in hormone-responsive T47-D human breast cancer cells. We show that transfection of wtp53 gene into T47-D cells suppresses their proliferation in regular media, and inhibits estrogen-dependent cell proliferation in media containing dextran-coated charcoal treated serum. Growth inhibition was not due to the absence of estrogen receptor-alpha or estrogen receptor-beta though receptor levels for estrogen receptor-alpha were drastically reduced in wtp53 expressing cells. Focused microarray analysis of wtp53 expressing cells revealed suppression of PCNA cell-cycle regulatory mRNA and protein. Wild-type p53 transfected T47-D cells also failed to grow in vivo in estrogen supplemented nude mice. Furthermore, xenografts obtained with parental T47-D cells expressing mtp53 grew poorly in nude mice treated with PRIMA-1. PRIMA-1 treated tumors exhibited a low proliferation index, even though mice were estrogen-supplemented. PRIMA-1 treatment of tumor cells suppressed VEGF and induced expression of estrogen receptor-beta though expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and progesterone receptors was unaffected. These data indicate that alteration of the p53 signal transduction pathway by re-expression of wtp53 protein in T47-D cells, or treatment of parental cells with PRIMA-1, can prevent in vivo and in vitro proliferation of T47-D breast cancer cells.
Selective <i>ortho</i>-Bromination of Substituted Benzaldoximes Using Pd-Catalyzed C–H Activation: Application to the Synthesis of Substituted 2-Bromobenzaldehydes (2011)

Substituted 2-bromobenzaldehydes were synthesized from benzaldehydes using a three-step sequence involving a selective palladium-catalyzed ortho-bromination as the key step. O-Methyloxime serves as a directing group in this reaction. A rapid deprotection of substituted 2-bromobenzaldoximes afforded substituted 2-bromobenzaldehydes with good overall yields.
Direct observation of the nanocomplex surface reorganization of antifouling silicones containing a highly mobile PEO-silane amphiphile (2014)

While nanocomplexity derived from surface reorganization in aqueous biofouling environments is known to give rise to antifouling behavior, quantification of this process is limited. In this work, the surface of an antifouling polymer matrix - a silicone modified with a highly mobile PEO-silane amphiphile - was characterized while undergoing dynamic surface reorganization in aqueous solution via off-resonance tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) and while monitoring surface changes at a rate >25 μm<sup>2</sup> min<sup>-1</sup>. Utilizing multimodal analysis during incubation in aqueous solution and surface force spectroscopic mapping before and after incubation, we directly observed the nanoscopically complex surface of the matrix and its five distinct stages of surface reorganization. Pre- and post-incubation nanomechanical mapping revealed a marked increase in Young's modulus and surface area, as well as increased adhesion and dissipative properties for the post-incubated surface. The observed topographic and viscoelastic changes are explained in terms of surface-air and surface-water interactions. These findings are compared to the bulk matrix reordering observed by immersion dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and enhanced protein resistance with increased submersion times as determined by confocal microscopy.
VEHICLE-TUNNEL ENTRY AT SUBSONIC SPEEDS (1973)

This is the first part of a two-part report on the problem of vehicle-tunnel interaction during the entering period. This part covers most of the analytical work done for the project and contains a description of the experimental apparatus to be used to investigate the phenomena.
Surface‐modified kevlar fiber‐reinforced ionomer: Dynamic mechanical properties and their interpretation (1984)

Abstract A quasi‐three‐dimensional model was applied to the composite of ionomer and isotropically oriented discontinuous poly(p‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fibers having the surface modified by carboxymethyl groups in order to predict the Young's modulus from the properties of the constituent materials over a wide temperature range. The model in which the modified PPTA fibers are dispersed in ionomer matrix in a three‐dimensional network is composed of series and parallel models. A good agreement between calculated and experimental values was eventually obtained. For comparision, the complex modulus of the composite was also evaluated by application of the Halpin‐Tsai equation modified by Nielsen. The calculated values agreed with the observed values below 240 K, whereas the calculated values above 260 K were significantly lower than the observed moduli.
Elliptic Curve Factorization Using a “Partially Oblivious” Function (2001)

Let N = P · R where P is a prime not dividing R. We show how a special class of functions f : Z N → Z can be used to help obtain P given N. The requirements of f are that it be non-trivial and that f (x) = f (x mod P). Such a function does not “see” R. Hence the name partially oblivious.
Metallfreie Aktivierung von CO<sub>2</sub> mit mesoporösem graphitischem Kohlenstoffnitrid (2007)

Doppelter Nutzen: In Gegenwart eines mesoporösen graphitischen Kohlenstoffnitrids (mpg-C3N4) als heterogener und metallfreier Katalysator gelingt die direkte Aktivierung von CO2 und die Oxidation von Benzol zu Phenol (siehe Bild). Das in situ freigesetzte CO kann für Folgereaktionen genutzt werden, wie am Beispiel einer Pauson-Khand-Reaktion aufgezeigt wurde. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z603478_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.