gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study of Lymphocyte Transformation as a Mechanism for Spontaneous Factor VIII Inhibitor Formation (1977)

Two elderly patients with a bleeding tendency due to spontaneous Factor VIII inhibition were investigated. An in vitro study was designed to investigate lymphocyte transformation and the production of Factor VIII inhibitor. Blood samples from patients were separated on a ficoll-hypaque gradient and the mononuclear cells were cultured with haemophiliac plasma. Factor VIII concentrate and normal plasma as sources of Factor VIII antigen. The results showed that the patients lymphocytes were stimulated by some samples of haemophiliac plasma, but not by the Factor VIII concentrates or normal plasma. However, normal control lymphocytes were similarly stimulated by these samples of haemophiliac plasma suggesting that immune complexes were present in the haemophiliac plasma and probably caused the stimulation. Furthermore, the patients lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin candida and tuberculin and normal responses were obtained with AB serum. However, the sera of both patients inhibited candida and tuberculin stimulated lymphocyte cultures and the inhibition correlated with the presence of Factor VIII inhibitor. In this study a cellular immune mechanism for the production of spontaneous Factor VIII inhibitor could not be demonstrated, however a serum inhibitor of candida and tuberculin stimulated lymphocyte cultures was found.
Di-uridine 3′-phosphate (1980)

B. Rayner, C. B. Reese and A. Ubasawa, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1980, 972 DOI: 10.1039/C39800000972
Tear Phenomena around Solid Inclusions in Castable Elastomers (1965)

Adhesion studies on spherical particles imbedded in elastomers have shown that cohesive failure of the binder phase always precedes dewetting. The latter is a sudden and irreversible process resulting in permanent damage to the system. Cohesive failure manifests itself in the formation of a number of small holes near the surface of the filler particle. The stress σ′ causing these holes is well defined and depends only on the elastic modulus E of the binder: σ′=E/2+C. The further propagation of these initial tears depends on the consistency of the boundary layer surrounding the solid inclusion. In case of no modulus gradient or a softer boundary layer, tear propagation leads to the complete separation of the elastomeric binder from the particle. High modulus layers, which are linked to the polymeric matrix by primary chemical bonds, prevent a dewetting. It is shown that the complex response of filled elastomers can be explained in terms of the above results.
Postharvest Quality of 'Bing' Cherries Following Preharvest Treatment with Hydrogen Cyanamide, Calcium Ammonium Nitrate, or Gibberellic Acid (2003)

During three consecutive years, 'Bing' sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) trees were treated during dormancy with the dormancy-manipulating compounds, CH 2 N 2 or CaNH 4 NO 3 , or were treated with the plant growth regulator GA 3 at straw color development. Fruit of a range of maturities, based on skin color, were evaluated for quality following harvest and simulated transit and market storage conditions. At comparable maturities, CH 2 N 2 and GA 3 fruit were of similar firmness and were consistently firmer than CaNH 4 NO 3 -treated and untreated fruit across years, storage regimes, and maturities. CaNH 4 NO 3 and untreated fruit were of similar firmness. CH 2 N 2 -treated cherries were larger than fruit of other treatments, but only marginally with respect to variation in fruit size between years. Contraction of fruit diameter occurred after 3 days storage, but ceased thereafter up to 11 days storage. Soluble solids and titratable acidity varied between years, storage regimes, and maturities. Strong interactions of treatment and year concealed possible treatment effects on these indices. GA 3 fruit contained fewer surface pits in one year while CH 2 N 2 fruit suffered less shrivel in another. The earlier harvest date for CH 2 N 2 fruit often avoided higher field temperatures and the resulting promotion of postharvest shrivel. Pitting and shrivel were more prevalent in stored fruit. Brown stem discoloration developed in storage, occurring most frequently in mature fruit, although methyl bromide-fumigated fruit were particularly susceptible. This disorder was more common in GA 3 fruit during years of high incidence. Chemical names used: gibberellic acid (GA 3 ); calcium ammonium nitrate (CaNH 4 NO 3 ); hydrogen cyanamide (CH 2 N 2 ).
Studies on the Metabolic Fate of Ultra Short Acting .BETA.1 Blocker ONO-1101. (1). Plasma Concentration-time Profile, Distribution and Excretion after Single Intravenous Administration to Rats. (1997)

ONO-1101をラットに単回静脈内急速投与あるいは静脈内定速注入時の血中動態，分布，排泄について検討した． 1．雌雄ラットに14C-ONO-1101を0.3，1，3，10mg/kgの用量で静脈内急速投与した時の，血漿中総放射能濃度推移から求めた無限大までのAUCは用量に応じた増加が認められ線形性が確認された．消失相の半減期は27～33分であり，雌雄差は認められなかった． 2．14C-ONO-1101を1mg/kgの用量で静脈内急速投与したときの組織中放射能は，投与初期(5，15分)で腎臓，肝臓，肺，気管で高濃度であり，皮膚，各組織・臓器採取後の死骸において分布量が多かったが，経時的に減少し投与後24時間では検出限界以下あるいはきわめてわずかな放射能濃度となった．中枢，胎児への移行はほとんど認められなかった． 3．乳汁への放射能の移行は投与後1時間で最高濃度(278.8ng eq/ml)に達し，投与後24時間には放射能濃度は2.4ng eq/mlであった． 4．静脈内急速投与された14C-ONO-1101の投与72時間までの尿中排泄率はそれぞれ雄85.6%，雌84.2%であった．また，投与72時間までの糞中への排泄率は雄9.9%，雌12.0%であった． 5．14C-ONO-1101を1mg/kgの用量で静脈内急速投与後の胆汁排泄率は24時間までに雄6.1%，雌9.5%が排泄され雌雄差が認められた．
Anisotropic harmonic generation in centrosymmetric semiconductors and metals (1985)

We have performed extensive experimental and theoretical studies of laser-induced second and third harmonic generation in crystalline, centrosymmetric metals, and semiconductors using 20-ps and 20-ns 1.06- μ m pulses. In these materials second harmonic generation occurs because of surface electric dipole and bulk electric quadrupole/magnetic dipole sources. 1 Third harmonic generation occurs because of bulk electric dipole sources. The high rank of the response tensors for these phenomena results in the harmonic radiation having an efficiency which varies periodically as a given sample surface [e.g., (100),(111)] is rotated about its normal. Such anisotropic behavior allows these nonlinear techniques to be used as probes of the bulk long range order (third harmonic) and surface structure (second harmonic). Examples of data are presented from crystalline silicon and aluminum and ion-implanted silicon. A simple theoretical model for the anisotropic part of the nonlinear response is given in terms of material parameters.
Model for the quasineutral region capacitance of p/n junction devices (1997)

The capacitance associated with free-carrier charge storage in the quasineutral region is a primary factor in limiting the switching speed of p/n junction devices. This capacitance has been conventionally modeled using assumptions such as low-level injection, nondegeneracy, complete impurity ionization, and no space-charge region thickness modulation. These assumptions can give rise to a large error in device modeling, particularly for modern devices with very small geometry and high bias conditions. In this article, a comprehensive quasineutral region capacitance model including relevant device physics is developed. Comparisons between the present and conventional models are made, and the effects of using these two different models on the total capacitance of junction diode are also investigated.
Transcription and Post-Transcription Regulation of Primordial Germ Cell in Chicken (2010)

초기 생식세포 발달은 전사와 전사 후 조절에 의하여 복잡하게 이루어진다. 따라서 mRNA와 miRNA는 발달에 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. 하지만 miRNA가 어떻게 발달과정에 관여하는지는 많이 알려져 있지 않다. 이 연구에서 닭의 6일령 생식선으로부터 분리한 원시생식세포(PGCs)와 생식선 기질세포(GSCs)로부터 RNA를 얻어 microarray 분석을 하였다. 이를 토대로 특정 miRNA가 원시 생식세포 특이적으로 발현하는 것을 알아냈고, 또한 이 miRNA가 표적 mRNA의 3' 비번역영역(Untranslated reigon)에 결합하여 유전자의 발현을 억제한다는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 원시생식세포 특이적 mRNA나 miRNA가 발생에 중요한 역할을 하며 이를 이해하는데 기여할 것이다.
Redetermination of bis(2-amino-3-hydroxy-1-phenylpropanolato-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>O</i> <sup>1</sup>)(ethylenediamine-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′)cobalt(III) iodide monohydrate (2006)

New data for the title complex, [Co(C 9 H 12 NO 2 ) 2 (C 2 H 8 N 2 )]I·H 2 O, allow the modelling of previously unresolved disorder [Wardeska et al. (1979). Inorg. Chem. 18 , 1641–1648] in the ethylenediamine ligand coordinated to the octahedral cation.
Optimal noise shaping in adaptive predictive coding of speech (2005)

Spectral shaping of quantizing noise is an important issue for achieving "transparent" speech quality with low bit rate wave-form coding. To obtain optimum quality in an Adaptive Predictive Coder with Noise Feedback (APC-NF), we have defined a class of functional forms for the noise spectrum, controlled by three parameters, that could span as completely as possible the space of reasonable shapes it could assume. The shaping functions are composed of two factors: a time-varying one, related to the speech spectrum, which accounts for the masking mechanism, and a time-invariant one which accounts for the critical bands phenomenon in the human ear. This formulation led also to a filter design computationally elegant and stable. Subjective tests have shown that optimum quality is achieved when the variable term in the noise spectrum duplicates the square root of the speech power spectrum, while the fixed term consists of a slight pre-enphasis.
Ryanodine receptor gene expression thymomas (1998)

Ryanodine receptor (RyR) antibodies are present in sera of myasthenics with thymoma, and their titer correlates with morbidity and mortality. We investigated whether skeletal muscle RyR expression in thymic tissues could be the source of immune sensitization to the RyR. Skeletal muscle RyR gene expression was investigated using reverse transcription followed by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction. Hyperplastic and normal thymuses expressed significant levels of RyR, but RyR gene transcripts was statistically less likely in thymomas than in hyperplastic and normal thymus (P < 0.05). The presence of RyR transcripts in thymomas did not correlate with myasthenic manifestations, thymic pathology, or serum RyR antibodies. We conclude that the skeletal muscle RyR in thymoma is not the inciting antigen for immune sensitization to RyR epitopes in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 21:1299–1303, 1998.
Clemmensen reduction of benzoylferrocene (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClemmensen reduction of benzoylferroceneMarvin D. Rausch and D. L. AdamsCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 12, 4144–4145Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01287a122https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01287a122research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes against <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> sporozoite surface protein 2 (1994)

Sporozoite surface protein 2 has been identified as a target of malaria vaccines designed to produce protective CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) because mice immunized with mastocytoma cells expressing a fragment of Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite surface protein 2 (PySSP2) are protected against malaria by an immune response that requires CD8+ CTL. To define CTL epitopes in the Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein 2 (PfSSP2), spleen cells (SC) from mice immunized with irradiated sporozoites (irr spz) were stimulated with synthetic peptides, and these effectors were tested for cytolytic activity against peptide-pulsed, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-matched targets. Two peptides containing CTL epitopes, A6 (Pf SSP2 3D7 214-233) and BH1 (Pf SSP2 3D7 3-11) were identified in bulk cultures of SC from immune C57BL/6 mice, and by production of CTL lines. Immunization with recombinant vaccinia expressing the full length PfSSP2 induced antigen specific, MHC-restricted, CD8+ T cell-dependent cytolytic activity against these two peptides. Finally, CTL were induced by immunization with a bacteria-derived recombinant fragment of PfSSP2 (rPfSSP2) mixed with a liposomal formulation containing a cationic lipid (Lipofectin Reagent, LPF). Induced CTL lysed target cells pulsed with peptide A6 or with LPF/rPfSSP2, but not targets pulsed with only rPfSSP2. These studies demonstrate that CTL specific to PfSSP2 are present in C57BL/6 mice and that immunization with purified rPfSSP2 delivered with LPF induces a cytotoxic T cell response.
[Genetic variation of NADPH/NADH oxidase and susceptibility to diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]. (2001)

Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are both characterized by chronic airflow obstruction of unknown etiology. It is hypothesized that neutrophils play the major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Recent studies have suggested that genetic factors may be related to individual susceptibility to these diseases. We have investigated the association between the C 242 T polymorphism of p 22 phox, a critical subunit of superoxide-generating NADH/NADPH oxidase, and susceptibility to DPB and COPD. Blood samples obtained from both patients with DPB (n = 82), COPD (n = 53), and control subjects (n = 82) were used for this genotyping assay; and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were performed to genotype the gene. The frequency of the C allele was 0.91, 0.92, 0.92 in the DPB, COPD, and control groups, respectively. There were no differences in the distribution of the genotype of p 22 phox among these groups, either. We concluded that there is no association between the C 242 T polymorphism of p 22 phox, and susceptibility to DPB and COPD.
Mechanism of Action of Vitamin D in the Asthmatic Lung (2011)

Vitamin D, or 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D (1,25[OH]D), in its activated form, has long been recognized as a critical mediator in bone health. New research has identified 1,25(OH)D as also vital for respiratory health. Owing to its intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties, 1,25(OH)D may be very important in people with asthma. This review article seeks to evaluate the current literature to delineate the potential mechanisms of action by which 1,25(OH)D affects asthma. We summarize the evidence that 1,25(OH)D has receptors in multiple lung cell types and acts to abrogate asthma by several mechanisms: promoting lung immunity, decreasing inflammation, slowing cell cycling, reducing hyperplasia, and enhancing the effects of exogenous steroids. Put together, there is compelling evidence for the role of vitamin D in asthma.
Optimizing Properties of Filled Compounds (1981)

The reinforcement of plastics is an important method of improving their performance characteristics. Various aspects of optimizing the properties of filled compounds are discussed.
Escape dynamics of photoexcited electrons at catechol:<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>TiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>110</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2006)

Ultrafast electron escape dynamics following excitation of the interfacial charge transfer complex of catechol prepared on the rutile ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}(110)$ surface was investigated with femtosecond two-photon photoemission (2PPE). Laser pulses were generated with two noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers operated simultaneously at a repetition rate of $150\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kHz}$ delivering a cross-correlation function with $35\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ full width at half maximum. Catechol was absorbed from the solution. The experimental data were not depending on the choice between three different solvents. Photoinduced interfacial charge transfer was instantaneous and thus the rise of the signal was controlled by the cross-correlation function. The energy distribution of the hot electrons generated at the surface was measured as 2PPE spectrum. The decay of the 2PPE signal was nonexponential with a first time constant below $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$, a dip in the $50\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ to $100\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ range, and a tail lasting for picoseconds. It was attributed to the release of the electrons from the surface and their escape into the bulk of the semiconductor.
Diffusion‐controlled mechanical properties of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl formals (1959)

Abstract The elongation of polyvinyl alcohol and of formalized polyvinyl alcohol films under constant load for a wide range of conditions of temperature and humidity seems to be affected predominantly by the diffusion of water molecules into these polymeric films, as these films have many water‐sensitive bonds. In order to obtain a perspective of the diffusion mechanism of water molecules into these polymer films, the theoretical analysis of creep curves is here worked out. Since the diffusion is a time‐dependent, non‐Fickian process, the time dependence of the diffusion coefficient is considered into our theoretical treatment. It is also assumed that the elongation is caused only by the breaking of hydrogen bonds due to the absorption of water molecules in amorphous regions of the polymer film. To evaluate theoretical equations for the creep curves in accordance with a simple Voigt model, the parameter α for the rate of diffusion is conveniently substituted for by K , the parameter for the rate of elongation. Experiments were performed at temperatures from 20 to 50°C. at 60% R. H., and also at different relative humidities ranging from 40 to 80% at a constant temperature of 30°C. A series of creep curves for PVA and PVF, the latter having a degree of formal substitution ranging from 6% to 42.5% were obtained. In analyzing the observed creep curves by the present theoretical treatment, we can easily compute the values of K through application of the condition for the characteristic inflection point of each curve, i.e., d 2 γ/ dt 2 = 0. By use of the values of K thus obtained and by application of the theory of absolute reaction rates, the activation energy and entropy for the diffusion process of water molecules are duly determined. The values thus obtained are also compared with those calculated by Hauser and McLaren. The activation energy and entropy are highest and lowest, respectively for PVF (6%); this is made adequately explicable by the fact that the proportion of amorphous polymer in these films is found to be maximum when the degree of formalization is between 10 and 20%.
TRPV1 regulates opioid analgesia during inflammation (2018)

Abstract Acute inflammation in humans or mice enhances the analgesic properties of opioids. However, the inflammatory transducers that prime opioid receptor signaling in nociceptors are unknown. We found that TRPV1 −/− mice are insensitive to peripheral opioid analgesia in an inflammatory pain model. We report that TRPV1 channel activation drives a MAPK signaling pathway accompanied by the shuttling of β-arrestin2 to the nucleus. This shuttling in turn prevents: β-arrestin2-receptor recruitment, subsequent internalization of agonist-bound mu opioid receptor (MOR), and suppression of DAMGO-induced inhibition of N-type calcium current observed upon desensitization. Consequently, inflammation-induced activation of TRPV1 preserves opioid analgesic potency in a mouse model of opioid receptor desensitization. Overall, our work reveals a TRPV1-mediated signaling mechanism, involving β-arrestin2 nuclear translocation, that underlies the peripheral opioid control of inflammatory pain. Our data single out TRPV1 channels as modulators of opioid analgesia.
Thermodynamic insight into spontaneous hydration and rapid water permeation in aquaporins (2014)

We report here a detailed thermodynamic description of water molecules inside a biological water channel. Taking advantage of high-resolution molecular dynamics trajectories calculated for an aquaporin (AQP) channel, we compute the spatial translational and rotational components of water diffusion and entropy in AQP. Our results reveal that the spontaneous filling and entry of water into the pore in AQPs are driven by an entropic gain. Specifically, water molecules exhibit an elevated degree of rotational motion inside the pore, while their translational motion is slow compared with bulk. The partial charges of the lining asparagine residues at the conserved signature Asn-Pro-Ala motifs play a key role in enhancing rotational diffusion and facilitating dipole flipping of water inside the pore. The frequencies of the translational and rotational motions in the power spectra overlap indicating a strong coupling of these motions in AQPs. A shooting mechanism with diffusive behavior is observed in the extracellular region which might be a key factor in the fast conduction of water in AQPs.
On modeling interactions of early aspects with goals (2009)

Interactions in aspect-oriented models must be detected, documented, and resolved for aspects to be composed as desired. Generally, aspect interactions can be categorized as intrinsic (those that inherently exist among concerns) or technical (those that are dependent on technology and may change over time). Consequently, these types of interactions should be encapsulated properly. Goal models support reasoning about qualitative and quantitative relationships and are therefore ideally positioned to describe and reason about intrinsic interactions, because they are often of a qualitative nature. On the other hand, technical interactions are typically syntactic conflicts and dependencies which are modeled with different techniques. We present the Concern Interaction Graph (CIG), a goal model specialized for technical interactions in aspect-oriented models, which is integrated with other goal models for intrinsic concern interactions and stakeholder intentions. The CIG therefore allows global trade-offs among concerns that take intrinsic and technical interactions into account as well as the needs of stakeholders, while maintaining proper separation of concerns between intrinsic and technical interactions.
OBN (Ocean Bottom Nodes) Acquisition for Reservoir Management and Surveillance at Agbami Field, Nigeria (2010)

The Agbami Field, operated by Star Deep Water Petroleum Limited (Chevron), is located in OML 127 and OML 128 offshore Nigeria, 70 miles from the Nigerian coast in approximately 4800 feet of water. Other partners in Agbami include Petrobras, Statoil, Texaco Nigeria Outer Shelf Limited, NNPC and FAMFA. In late 1998, the Agbami discovery well was drilled on OML 127 and subsequently four appraisal wells were drilled. Sixteen development wells have been drilled & completed through June 2009 confirming major geologic assumptions. First Oil was achieved in July 2008. Agbami production consists of a light oil (45–48 degrees API) along with pressure maintenance involving a combination of crestal gas injection and peripheral water flooding in the main reservoir.