gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reimer—Tiemann Reaction of β-Tetralol (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reimer—Tiemann Reaction of β-TetralolRichard T. Arnold, Harold E. Zaugg, and Joseph SprungCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 5, 1314–1316Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1941https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01850a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (297 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
NO GENDER DIFFERENCES IN VARIABILITY OF RESTING METABOLIC RATE IN PRE-SCHOOL CHILDREN (2008)

Objective Given sufficient evidence regarding the role of gender on variation of RMR in adult and school children, few data are available about the gender effect on RMR in pre-school children. The present study attempted to investigate gender differences contribute to variations in RMR. Methods Information was obtained for thirty children aged 2–6 years. Measurements were taken of height, age, weight and total body composition which was determined using both DXA and deuterium dilution. The DXA was also used to determine body composition in different regions of the body. RMR was measured by indirect calorimetry. Results No significant gender differences were found with respect to age (F = 0, P = 0.998), weight (F = 0.02, P = 0.884), height (F = 0.33, P = 0.570), and BMI SDS (F = 0.51, P = 0.480). In addition, no significant difference was found between boys and girls for total fat free mass (FFM) (F = 1.30, P = 0.265) and log Fat Mass (FM) (F = 1.2, P = 0.228) measured by DXA, and total FFM (F = 0.79, P = 0.38) and log FM (F = 0.70, P = 0.41) obtained with deuterium after correction for age effect. This study demonstrated that there is no significant difference between pre-school boys and girls for RMR (F = 0.16, P = 0.690). In a multiple regression analysis, only log weight was significantly associated to RMR, variation of which amounted to 75.3%. Conclusions We found that no significant differences in body composition between pre-school boys and girls may lie behind the lack of gender effect on RMR in this age group.
EMG Sensor-based Two-Hand Smart Watch Interaction (2015)

These days, smart watches have drawn more attention of users, and many smart watch products have been launched (Samsung Gear series, apple watch and etc.). Since a smart watch is put on the wrist, the device should be small and unobtrusive. Because of these features, display of the smart watch is small and there is a limitation to interaction. To overcome the limitation, many studies are conducted. In this paper, we propose a two-hand interaction technique that obtains posture information of a hand using electromyography (EMG) sensor attached to the arm and to make input interaction to a smart watch different depending on each posture. EMG sensors recognize information about a user's hand posture, and the non-dominant hand is used for smart watch inputs. In this way, different function is executed depending on postures. As a result, a smart watch that has limited input methods is given a variety of interaction functions with users.
Amino- und Phosphinomethyl-tetramethylcyclopentadiene: Neue Liganden für die Komplexchemie (1994)

Amino- and Phosphinomethyltetramethyl-cyclopentadienes: New Ligands for Complex Chemistry 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylfulvene reacts with lithium tert-butylamide, lithium anilide and lithium tert-butylphosphide to give, after hydrolysis, the corresponding substituted cyclopentadiene systems 1-3 in high yield.
High Speed Two-Photon Imaging of Calcium Dynamics in Dendritic Spines: Consequences for Spine Calcium Kinetics and Buffer Capacity (2007)

Rapid calcium concentration changes in postsynaptic structures are crucial for synaptic plasticity. Thus far, the determinants of postsynaptic calcium dynamics have been studied predominantly based on the decay kinetics of calcium transients. Calcium rise times in spines in response to single action potentials (AP) are almost never measured due to technical limitations, but they could be crucial for synaptic plasticity. With high-speed, precisely-targeted, two-photon point imaging we measured both calcium rise and decay kinetics in spines and secondary dendrites in neocortical pyramidal neurons. We found that both rise and decay kinetics of changes in calcium-indicator fluorescence are about twice as fast in spines. During AP trains, spine calcium changes follow each AP, but not in dendrites. Apart from the higher surface-to-volume ratio (SVR), we observed that neocortical dendritic spines have a markedly smaller endogenous buffer capacity with respect to their parental dendrites. Calcium influx time course and calcium extrusion rate were both in the same range for spines and dendrites when fitted with a dynamic multi-compartment model that included calcium binding kinetics and diffusion. In a subsequent analysis we used this model to investigate which parameters are critical determinants in spine calcium dynamics. The model confirmed the experimental findings: a higher SVR is not sufficient by itself to explain the faster rise time kinetics in spines, but only when paired with a lower buffer capacity in spines. Simulations at zero calcium-dye conditions show that calmodulin is more efficiently activated in spines, which indicates that spine morphology and buffering conditions in neocortical spines favor synaptic plasticity.
Technological Development for High Performance and Composite Single Crystals of Refractory Metals. (2000)

For the wider utilization of single crystals of refractory metals such as molybdenum and tungsten, development of high performance and/or composite single crystals is necessary. For this purpose, first, we developed new methods to control the crystallographic orientation of the single-crystalline molybdenum and to produce a multi-layered single crystal of molybdenum by means of secondary recrystallization. Second, we established fundamental conditions to braze single-crystalline molybdenum alternatively to single-crystalline molybdenum or to carbon-ceramics, respectively, by using Mo-40%Ru alloys or by palladium.
Integrated optics for astronomical interferometry III Optical validation of a planar optics two-telescope beam combiner (2000)

The optical characterization of a fiber-connected planar optics beam combiner dedicated to astronomical interferometry for two telescopes is presented. The beam combiner, fully integrated on a single 5 mm x 40 mm glass chip, is tested as the central part of an astronomical instrument. The single-mode waveguides are made by silver-ion-exchange technology upon glass substrates and provide spatial filtering, which improves the visibility measurement accuracy by selecting only the fundamental mode of the beams at the telescope focal plane. A global optical throughput of 43% is measured, and the sources of losses are identified and examined in detail. Solutions for improving this throughput are proposed. High and stable contrasts are obtained with a 1.55-mum laser diode (?96%) and with a white-light source (~92%) in the astronomical H filter (1.43 mum; 1.77 mum). The need for accurate control of differential instrumental polarization is demonstrated. In this context the intrinsic polarization-maintaining property of the planar optics component is characterized. This validation of the important potential uses of integrated planar optics should be valuable for future design of optical telescope arrays.
Another quality assurance issue—amended reports: What do we really know about them? (1998)

The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA) of 1988 requires that if a cytology/histology discrepancy is discovered which is significant and affects patient care, an amended report should be issued (Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments, Fed Reg 1992;57:7169). Since little is known about such amended reports, a survey was developed to assess how individuals handle discrepancies. The Quality Assurance Task Force from the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology created a survey to assess these methods and sent it to all of their members. Fifty-one individuals responded to the survey. Methods vary widely among institutions. On average, 107 cytologic/histologic correlations are performed each month with the discovery of approximately 2 major and 11 minor discrepancies. Thirty-nine responders utilize written amended reports and telephone clinicians when a major discrepancy is found. Thirty-eight individuals indicated that their place of employment has a written policy concerning discrepancies. Time spent in quality assurance issues averaged 8 hr per wk for cytotechnologists and 3 hr per wk for pathologists. Although amended reports are required when significant discrepancies are revealed, a standard practice does not exist. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1998;18:67–70. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Stability Studies of the Non Canonical Base Pair Between 5‐Methyl‐isocytosine and Isohypoxanthine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Synthesis of novel<i>IH</i>-Imidazo[1,2-α]Indole-3-Carboxylates (1996)

Abstract A route to the uncommon imidazo[1,2-α]indole nucleus 1 is described via functionalisation and annelation of readily accessible 2-amino-indole-3-carboxylates 5. Intramolecular cyclization of a key 2-indolylformamidate 6 was utilised for the preparation of the 3,9-diester intermediates 7.
‘Bond free’                                                             (2002)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
On the Formation of 15 R-type SiC in the Growth Process from Vapour (1969)

The formation of 15 R-type SiC in the Lely's procedure has been studied experimentally with the method of steplike nitrogen doping, and the thermal stability of the 6 Hand the 15 R-types are discussed through heating experiments of the colourless single crystals of both types in a small graphite capsule. The results obtained are summarized as follows:1) The 6 H-type has the higher thermal stability than the 15 R-type in the range from 2100°C to 2600°C.2) Structural change is not recognized in the single crystals of 4 H, 15 R and 6 H after heating at 2100°C for 500 hours.3) The 15 R-type has marked tendency to grow from the twinning (the angle between basal plane; ca. 70°30′) of 6 H-type.4) This type twinning of 6 H is explained as the developed feature of spinel type twinning of β-SiC which formed in the initial stage of recrystallization.5) The effect of nitrogen to the relationship of the thermal stability among polytypes is discussed. It is negligible small at 2500°C, if the partial pressure of nitrogen is in the order of 60mmHg or below.
SU-F-BRCD-08: Uncertainty Quantification by Generalized Polynomial Chaos for MR-Guided Laser Induced Thermal Therapy (2012)

The application of gPC for UQ is a potentially powerful means for providing predictive simulations despite poorly known input parameters. gPC provides an output that represents the probable distribution of outcomes for MRgLITT.
TECHNETIUM CARBONYL (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTECHNETIUM CARBONYLJ. C. Hileman, D. K. Huggins, and H. D. KaeszCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 13, 2953–2954Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01474a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01474a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Conformational Requirement for Biological Activity of Abscisic Acid Probed by the Cyclopropane Analogues. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NEUROTROPIC AND PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. PART CLII. ESTERS OF 1‐(4,4‐BIS(4‐FLUOROPHENYL)BUTYL)‐4‐(4‐CHLORO‐3‐TRIFLUOROMETHYLPHENYL)‐4‐PIPERIDINOL (1981)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (I) wird mit den Säurechloriden (II) in die Ester (III) übergeführt.
Synthesis of 4-Substituted 7-Azaindole Derivatives via Pd-Catalyzed C-N and C-O Coupling (2006)

The efficient substitution of 4-chloro-7-azaindoles by anilines and phenols via palladium-catalyzed C-N and C-O coupling is reported.
Racemization free coupling of peptide segments (1992)

The total synthesis of the insect neuropeptide derivative Z-Gly-Gly-Ser-Leu-Tyr-Ser-Phe-Gly-Leu-NH2 has been carried out by a convergent solid phase strategy. For the coupling of the N-terminal pentapeptide to the C-terminal tetrapeptide, three different methods were assayed. Racemization of the acyl activated amino acid during the fragment condensation reaction was monitored by HPLC. Best results were obtained by enzymatic coupling in a low water containing media using adsorbed alpha-chymotrypsin. An optically pure product was obtained in 82% yield after 1 h of reaction. Chemical methods such as DIC/HOBt and BOP/HOBt/NMM always rendered highly optically impure products containing 10-20% of the D-epimer.
A qualitative analysis of system of the Holling III functional response of predator to prey (2001)

In this paper, we make a qualitative analysis of system of the Holling Ⅲ functional response of predator to prey. We also discuss its positive equilibrium point and the existence of its limit cycle. It should be pointed out that conditions in paper(1)are weakened and the method in this paper is simpler than that in paper(1)
Electrophoretically Deposited Titanium Dioxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Cells (1994)

A new technique for forming porous thin layers of nano -colloidal titanium dioxide on electronically conducting glass was developed. This technique uses constant-current electrophoretic deposition from a dispersion of Degussa P-25 titanium dioxide in 2-methoxyethanol followed by air-drying and annealing. Dye-sensitized TiO2 photovoltaic cells constructed with these films gave current-voltage characteristics comparable with those of films produced by other techniques. A 30 cm2 prototype photovoltaic cell was constructed with electrophoretically deposited TiO2, and tested. Measurement of the dark current and photocurrent enabled the calculation of the light current, and the effect of both the dark current and the series resistance on the cell performance was demonstrated.
Grandeur et décadence de la politique urbaine de l'Union européenne (2013)

This article challenges the assumption often found in the urban literature on the link between the introduction of new modes of governance and urban policy change at the EU level. Drawing on an original dataset, the chapter examines the rise and the decline of the urban European policy instruments over the past three decades, and considers how and by whom they were chosen and combined.
Universal Scaling in Transient Creep (2002)

We present experimental evidence that pressure solution creep does not establish a steady-state interface microstructure as previously thought. Conversely, pressure solution controlled strain and the characteristic length scale of interface microstructures grow as the cubic root of time. Transient creep with the same scaling is known in metallurgy (Andrade creep). The apparent universal scaling of pressure solution transient creep is explained using an analogy with spinodal dewetting.
Software radio technology: a European perspective (1999)

Software radio has emerged as a priority theme of research in Europe. This tutorial review provides a European perspective on technical and commercial issues in the field. Significant differences exist between North American and European views of software radio in personal communications services. This article explains the reasons for these differences. It explains how the European marketplace is influencing short-term directions taken in the commercialization of software radio technology initially at the application layer. Some research is related to handset architectures and to generic RF and digital technologies focused on third-generation systems-Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems. Software base stations, including their synergies with adaptive (often now termed soft) antennas are also addressed.
Pharmacokinetics of a Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant in Vitrectomized and Nonvitrectomized Eyes (2011)

The vitreoretinal pharmacokinetic profiles were similar between nonvitrectomized and vitrectomized eyes. These observations are consistent with clinical findings of the DEX implant in patients who have undergone vitrectomy and should reduce concerns about the use of the DEX implant in eyes that have undergone vitrectomy.
Inhibitory Action of the Pineal Gland on the Nuclear Volume of Thyroid Follicular Cells in Male Gerbils (<i>Meriones unguiculatus</i>) (2009)

Karyometric investigations of thyroid follicular cells were performed in four groups of adult male gerbils [I. sham-operated (Sham PX) + short photoperiod (SPP)-exposed; II. Sham PX + long photoperiod (LPP)-exposed; III. pinealectomized (PX) + SPP-exposed; IV. PX + LPP-exposed]. The mean nuclear volume (MNV) of thyroid follicular cells was significantly higher in both PX groups (III and IV) when compared to Sham PX controls (I and II). In Sham PX gerbils the maintenance of animals in SPP (10 h light: 14 h darkness) for 13 weeks resulted in significant decrease of MNV of thyroid follicular cells in comparison to that in Sham PX animals kept in LPP (14 h light: 10 h darkness). Lighting conditions did not significantly affect the MNV of thyroid follicular cells in PX gerbils. These data suggest that the pineal gland itself and not light deprivation is the most important factor depressing the activity of the thyroid in male gerbils. Lighting conditions seem to affect the function of thyroid follicular cells inasmuch as they activate or block the action of the pineal gland.
Taming the Complexity Monster or (2016)

We live in interesting times - as individuals, as members of various communities and organisations, and as inhabitants of planet Earth, we face many challenges, ranging from climate change to resource limitations, from market risks and uncertainties to complex diseases. To some extent, these challenges arise from the complexity of the systems we are dealing with and of the problems that arise from understanding, modelling and controlling these systems. As computing scientists and IT professionals, we have much to contribute: solving complex problems by means of computer systems, software and algorithms is an important part of what our field is about.
Sorting large records on a cell broadband engine (2010)

We consider the sorting of a large number of multifield records on the Cell Broadband engine. We show that our method, which generates runs using a 2-way merge and then merges these runs using a 4-way merge, outperforms previously proposed sort methods that use either comb sort or bitonic sort for run generation followed by a 2-way odd-even merging of runs. Interestingly, best performance is achieved by using scalar memory copy instructions rather than vector instructions.
Is the sharp adaptation tranform more plausible than CMC-CAT2000? (2001)

The modified Bradford chromatic adaptation transform (CMCCAT2000)is a von Kries type model of adaptation that best accounts for a variety of corresponding colour data sets. The transform works in three stages. First, XYZs are linearly mapped to a new ’RGB’space. The RGB sensitivities are somewhat like the cones but have their sensitivity concentrated in narrower regions of the visible spectrum. In the second stage of the transform, the Red, Green and Blue responses are multiplied by three scalars to model illuminant change. Finally, RGBs are transformed back to XYZs (in order that well established formulae for colour appearance might be used). The Sharp adaptation transform (SAT), derived from theoretical arguments, is exactly the same as CMCCAT2000 except that the sharp RGB sensor sensitivities have even narrower support. Research has shown that the SAT delivers, statistically, the same performance as CMCCAT2000. In this paper we consider whether there is any reason why CMCCAT2000 or SAT might be preferable if adaptation is considered from an observers viewpoint. Our argument builds on the premise that an observer in making a corresponding colour match is matching surface reflectance. Starting with this premise the adaptation problem is clearly ill-posed:a pair of different surface reflectances might look the same under one light but different under another (this is the metamerism problem). However, we argue that an observer understands this metamerism and so seeks only to make a plausible reflectance match. Let us suppose a reflectance B viewed under a target light is chosen to match reflectance A viewed under a reference light. We say B is plausible if and only if it is possible that if B is also viewed under the reference light it is identical to A. Adopting this definition of plausibility, we found that the Sharp Adaptation Transform supports plausible adaptation but that CMCCAT2000 supports implausible adaptation