gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel 200 kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein with high basal tyrosine kinase activity in tumour cells. (1997)

We have detected a tyrosine phosphorylated 200 kDa glycoprotein (gp200) on the surface of two tumour cells of neural origin, namely A1235 glioma and A172 glioblastoma. gp200 (polypeptide mass of 165-170 kDa) has all the structural features of a growth factor receptor and it appears to display high basal tyrosine kinase activity, a characteristic associated with transforming proteins. Another interesting feature of gp200 is that it is immunologically highly related to the EGF receptor (polypeptide mass of 135 kDa), a member of the erb-B family of proteins; however, it lacks EGF binding activity. gp200 also differs from all other EGF-receptor-related oncogenic proteins, namely erb-B-2, erb-B-3 and erb-B-4 gene products, and hence appears to be yet another member of the erb-B family of proteins. This is further strengthened by the fact that both gp200 and the EGF receptor are also recognized by a conformation-specific anti-peptide antibody to the cytoplasmic domain of the beta-type PDGF receptor. In the EGF- and the PDGF receptors, this peptide epitope is cryptic and receptor phosphorylation unmasks this site [Panneerselvam K, Reitz H, Khan S A, and Bishayee S (1995) J Biol Chem 270, 7975-7979] indicating that this epitope might be important in biological message transmission. In this context, the expression of a novel EGF-receptor-related 200 kDa protein with high basal kinase activity in certain tumour cells of neural origin and the fact that it contains an important peptide epitope suggest its possible role in normal and abnormal cell growth.
Evaluation of a tool for visualization of information retrieval results (1996)

We report on the design and evaluation of a visualization tool for Information Retrieval (IR) systems that aims to help the end user in the following respects: .
Blocking the tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA) receptor inhibits pain behaviour in two rat models of osteoarthritis (2015)

Blocking NGF activity by inhibiting TrkA reduced pain behaviour in two rat models of OA. Analgesia was observed both using preventive and treatment protocols, and was sustained after treatment discontinuation. Selective inhibitors of TrkA therefore hold potential for OA pain relief.
Using a multiple view system in a virtual environment to explore and interpret communication data sets (2001)

We present a virtual environment (VE) where point-to-point radio communication data sets can be explored and interpreted. A data set can be viewed with multiple viewing options: spatial mode for an overview of the spatial relationship of the transmitters, abstract mode to recognize patterns in communication relations and hierarchical mode for viewing the structural organization of the participating communicators.It is possible to switch sequentially between the three views of a data set. With each view the user can select several tools to interpret the data set, like text and audio drilldown tools. To be able to extract persistent information, tools like markers and a report writer are available which store the information in text files. Because of the inherent three-dimensional nature of the three views, we implemented the system as a VE utilizing our two-sided Responsive Workbench, an L-shaped stereo projection table. An intuitive user interface is available through the use of the Cubic Mouse, an interaction device developed at GMD.
Positive Action: Cultural Insights into Motivation (2002)

The motivational theories are all partially true, and explain the behaviour of certain people at certain times. The search for a generalized theory of motivation at work appears to be a vain quest. There are certain concepts in ancient Indian cultural tradition which guided and motivated people to achieve outstanding results in various fields, including business. One such concept is the welfare of all human beings (lokasamgraha) which insist upon man's positive participation in various activities of the world of actuality. When leaders adopt lokasamgraha as the mission for their enterprises and make it the pillar of their management philosophy then they are able to provide incomparably dynamic and effective leadership besides inspiring their followers for positive action. Re-examining this concept along with other related concepts for our learning is the main objective of this article.
Dynamic Scheduling for High Throughput Satellites Employing Priority Code Scheme (2015)

Based on the use of multi-beams, high throughput satellites (HTSs) provide high data rates to a large number of users. In this context, the distribution of frequency resources among multi-beams plays an important role. This is because unsuitable distributions might cause the wastage or the starvation of frequencies and bring about low throughput rates. This paper proposes a solution to mitigate the unsuitable allocations of frequency resources in an HTS. The solution is the priority code scheme (PCS), which seeks to respond to users' demands by dynamically scheduling frequency resources for precise satellite footprint areas. The key is to assign a priority code and an efficiency indicator to every multi-beam deployed on the system. The PCS algorithm involves the association of the efficiency indicator with the bandwidth utilization per beam to detect and correct arbitrary bandwidth allocations among the beams. Due to the PCS's cyclical repetition of its algorithm, the concurrence time of the scheme and the tardiness of the algorithm form part of the evaluation of the PCS. Furthermore, we support the implementation of the frequency-reuse process to enhance the exploitation of frequency resources. To evaluate the PCS performance, the analysis delves into the study of the bandwidth utilization, the interference among beams, the concurrence time, and the algorithm tardiness.
Sliding Genioplasty for Correction of Chin Abnormalities (2001)

Our findings indicate excellent esthetic results with minimal complications. Unlike alloplastic chin implants, sliding genioplasty allows correction of many chin abnormalities, including underprojection, overprojection, chin asymmetries, and/or vertical-height abnormalities. This underused technique is simple and effective and should be included in the options of the facial plastic surgeon.
A two-tier method for evaluating alternative policies to support interactive analysis of 3D material flow simulations (2005)

Discrete event material flow simulation tools have long been offering real time 3D visualization. This feature allows less experienced users to analyze the underlying system. Beyond this, visualization is not used to interact with the simulated (underlying manufacturing) system to improve or control the material flow, especially under disturbances. This paper presents a simulation based 2-tier framework, which seeks to control or improve material flow by means of real time user immersive visualization. The first tier uses static optimization to compute the material flow by selecting from a large number of alternative policies based on deterministic disturbances. The second tier is a reactive algorithm which computes solutions for probabilistic disturbances. The results of the two tiers are used for interacting with the underlying system using visualization. We show that the proposed system is able to handle complex alternative policies, which supports interactive analysis of 3D material flow simulations.
Applications of IMPATT Diodes as rf Sources for Microwave EPR Spectroscopy (1973)

IMPATT diodes are presented as an alternate rf source for EPR. Their noise-performance is shown to be comparable to klystrons while having the advantages of low cost, long life, and simple power supply requirements. The stability of the IMPATT diode is such that frequency locking is not usually necessary. Where needed, locking may be done with existing klystron lock boxes through the addition of a varactor. An IMPATT marginal oscillator with a sensitivity of about 2 × 1012 spins/G is also described. The oscillator's sensitivity is essentially independent of power and it can be used with an external detector or in the self-detection mode.
Antigenic Competition: Cellular or Humoral (1967)

The injection of one antigen into mice inhibited the response to a second when 1 to 10 days separated the two injections. When the same type of inhibition was attempted in gamma-irradiated mice reconstituted with normal spleen cells, the inhibition was greater in mice receiving 50 million spleen cells than in those receiving 10 million. The results are interpreted as favoring a humoral mechanism of inhibition.
비안정 패널자료를 활용한 외국인 직접투자의 장기효과: 개도국을 중심으로 (2004)

본 논문은 최근에 활발하게 논의되고 있는 패널공적분기법을 활용하여 1980-1998년까지 28개 개도국에서 FDI 유입이 경제성장, 총요소생산성 그리고 경상수지에 미치는 효과를 분석하고 있다. 실증분석 결과에 따르면 FDI 유입은 국내투자보다 장기적으로 GDP, TFP에 더 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 패널 장기인과관계 분석결과는 FDI에서 TFP로의 인과관계가 존재하고 GDP에서 FDI로의 인과관계가 존재한다. 그러나 FDI에서 GDP로의 인과관계는 존재하지 않는 것으로 나타나고 있다. 또한 FDI는 국내투자와는 달리 경상수지를 개선시키는 효과를 갖는다. 한편 FDI는 TFP의 증대를 통해 1인당 GDP를 증대시키는 간접효과를 갖는다. 이러한 사실을 고려할 때 FDI유치를 위한 조세혜택이나 보조금 정책은 일정 정도 정당하다고 판단된다.
The role of information in random accessing (2002)

It is shown how information-theoretic concepts might be applied to random accessing systems. More precisely, the information that must be gathered by a collided user to resolve his collision is identified. It is shown that minimizing the information about the users' arrival times and, simultaneously, maximizing the entropy of the channel output, minimizes the average number of retransmissions. This fact and related information theoretic bounds are applied to yield upper bounds on the throughput of a random access channel.
Computational Model (1995)

This chapter describes the computational model that has evolved from the theory of integrated dialog processing presented in the previous chapter. The organization of this chapter follows. 1. A high-level description of the basic dialog processing algorithm. 2. A detailed discussion of the major steps of the algorithm. 3. A concluding critique that evaluates the model’s effectiveness at handling several fundamental problems in dialog processing. The system software that implements this model is available via anonymous FTP. Details on obtaining the software are given in appendix C. Figure 4.1 describes the basic steps of the overall dialog processing algorithm that is executed by the dialog controller. By necessity, this description is at a very high level, but specifics will be given in subsequent sections. The motivation for these steps is presented below. Since the computer is providing task assistance, an important part of the algorithm must be the selection of a task step to accomplish (steps 1 and 2). Because the characterization of task steps is a function of the domain processor, the dialog controller must receive recommendations from the domain processor during the selection process (step 1). However, since a dialog may have arbitrary suspensions and resumptions of subdialogs, the dialog controller cannot blindly select the domain processor’s recommendation. The relationship of the recommended task step to the dialog as well as the dialog status must be considered before the selection can be made (step 2). Once a task step is selected, the dialog controller must use the general reasoning facility (i.e. the interruptible theorem prover, IPSIM) in step 3 to determine when the task step is accomplished. Whenever the theorem prover cannot continue due to a missing axiom, the dialog controller uses available knowledge about linguistic realizations of utterances in order to communicate a contextually appropriate utterance as well as to compute expectations for the response. After the response is received and its relationship to the missing axiom determined, the dialog controller must decide how to continue the task step completion process.
Lattice parameter measurements of boron doped Si single crystals (2005)

Abstract The influence of boron dopants and oxygen impurity on lattice parameters of Si single crystals is studied. Concentrations of boron and oxygen were determined by the Bond method. A linear contraction of the crystal lattice was observed due to high boron doping of Si single crystals. Lattice parameters of Si single crystals increased below the lower limit boron concentration N B = 2.1 × 10 16 cm ‐3 . This proves the presence oxygen at low boron concentrations. In highly boron‐doped Si single crystals no oxygen influence on lattice parameter change was observed. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Impact of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Low Interstitial Glucose Values and Low Blood Glucose Values Assessed by Point-of-care Blood Glucose Meters (2014)

In a randomized crossover trial the impact of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) was tested on the occurrence of low blood glucose values measured by point of care (POC) measurement and on low glucose values measured by CGM in the interstitial fluid. A total of 41 type 1 diabetic patients (age 42.0 ± 11.4 years, diabetes duration 15.3 ± 10.1 years, A1c 8.2 ± 1.4%) used a CGM system (Dexcom SEVEN PLUS system) twice. In first study phase (CGM blind), patients were blind regarding the CGM current glucose levels and were not alerted when critical glucose values were reached. In the second phase (CGM real time), patients had access to current glucose levels and were alerted if critical glucose values were reached. During CGM real time the proportion of hypoglycemic POC blood glucose values were significantly reduced (7.5 ± 5.6% vs 10.1 ± 7.5%; P = .04), whereas the proportion of euglycemic blood glucose values were significantly enhanced (73.7 ± 18.3% vs 68.3 ± 12.1%; P = .01). The duration of low glucose periods in the interstitial fluid was significantly lower in the CGM real time phase (125 ± 89 vs 181 ± 125 minutes per day; P = .005). The time until a low blood glucose was detected by POC measurement was shortened by 33.2 ± 76.1 minutes (P = .03). The study demonstrated that CGM is able to not only reduce duration of hypoglycemia measured by CGM in interstitial fluid, but also reduce the proportion of low POC blood glucose measurements. In addition, hypoglycemia can be detected earlier.
Charge accumulation and multiplication photodetector (1993)

A charge-accumulation-and-multiplication photodetector (CHAMP) has been developed. The unit cell contains three coupled MOS capacitors designated as detector, transfer, and avalanche gates. The photocurrent at the detector gate is first integrated with the transfer gate closed and the avalanche gate ramping toward avalanche voltages. The charge is then transferred to the avalanche gate where charge multiplication occurs. These processes induce a displacement current pulse for readout which is proportional to the photocurrent, the integration time, and the multiplication gain factor, and is inversely proportional to the transfer time. A tunable current gain capable of exceeding the avalanche gain is achieved. A cooled CHAMP device is suitable for detecting photons of extremely low flux. The internal current gain and noise issues will be discussed.
Map-matching of GPS traces on high-resolution navigation networks using the Multiple Hypothesis Technique (MHT) (2009)

In recent years, data from GPS-based surveys has become increasingly important since transport modellers benefit from more accurate and reliable information about times, geographic locations, and routes.At the same time, participants' burden is reduced substantially if the GPS data collection does not involve time-consuming questions to derive additional information.However, without respondent provided information, extensive data processing is required to derive results that can be used for analysis and model estimation.Since the first GPS survey (Wagner, 1997), one of the key postprocessing steps is the map-matching, i.e. the association of the GPS points to the links of a network, in order to establish the routes travelled by the survey participants.The algorithm proposed in this paper is an adaptation of the algorithm proposed by Marchal et al. (2005).Like the algorithm by Marchal et al. (2005), it is designed to match large-scale GPS data sets on a high-resolution navigation network in an acceptable computation time.This paper describes the implementation of the algorithm after a short overview of the existing literature.Afterwards, the performance of the algorithm is evaluated both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency for about 36,000 car trips from 2,434 persons living in and around Zurich, Switzerland, which are mapped on the Swiss Navteq network, a high resolution navigation network covering all regions of Switzerland and containing 408,636 nodes and 882,120 unidirectional links.
Advances in Parasitology (1965)

In the Preface to volume 1 of Advances in Parasitology (1963) the Editor, Professor Ben Dawes, sets as a goal for the series up-to-date summary information for research students, teachers and professional workers. To this end investigators in particular areas of parasitology have contributed comprehensive reviews on their own and kindred investigations. Volume 2 of the series includes additional topics of current interest. The opening chapter by Professor T. W. M. Cameron provides a general perspective on helminths and evolution, discussing the subject from the viewpoint of parasite, host, and mutual accommodation. This is followed by a consideration of “Leishmania” on the part of Professor Saul Adler, who treats the material in a masterly fashion. The third chapter on “Fascioliasis” by Professor Dawes and Doctor D. L. Hughes is concerned principally with the invasive stage of Fasciola hepatica, beginning with excystment of the metacercaria in the host’s small intestine and carrying the migration through the tissues until the worm reaches its site of adult predilection in the bile passages.
Effect of Grain Size Distribution on Recrystallisation Kinetics in an Fe-30Ni Model Alloy (2019)

This paper discusses the role of grain size distribution on the recrystallisation rates and Avrami values for a Fe-30 wt. % Ni steel, which was used as a model alloy retaining an austenitic structure to room temperature. Cold deformation was used to provide uniform macroscopic strain distributions (strains of 0.2 and 0.3), followed by recrystallisation during annealing at 850–950 °C. It was shown that the Avrami parameter was directly related to the grain size distribution, with a lower Avrami exponent being seen for a larger average and wider grain size distribution. A method to predict the Avrami exponent from the grain size distribution was proposed. In situ heating in an SEM with EBSD showed the recrystallisation kinetics to be affected by differences in stored energy and nucleation in the different grain sizes supporting the proposed relationship.
Group Buying Based Incentive Mechanism for Mobile Crowd Sensing (2016)

Mobile crowd sensing (MCS) has become a promising paradigm to perceive the environment with the help of smart phones. A monetary award is an effective method to incentivize participants to contribute good quality data. However, the reward for long-term data collection in the wide area could be unaffordable for a MCS requester. In this paper, we enable data requesters to recruit sensing workers in a group buying way. Requesters with similar data demand can form a group to share the payment and sensing data, which reduces cost and increases the coverage of sensing data. Agents from different groups compete in buying sensing data from sensing workers. We propose TGBA, a Two-phase Group Buying based Auction mechanism for MCS. In phase I, requesters submit bids to their group agent, the group agent decides the winners and clearing prices. In phase II, group agents attend the auction for recruiting workers. TGBA is computationally efficient and possesses good economic properties such as individual rationality, budget balance and truthfulness.
Regulation of vascular smooth muscle contraction: myosin light chain phosphorylation dependent and independent pathways (1994)

Ca(2+)-dependent myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation is an important step in the initiation of smooth muscle contraction. However, MLC phosphorylation alone cannot account for all aspects of contractile regulation, suggesting the involvement of other elements. In this article we present evidence obtained from Triton X-100 detergent skinned and intact tissue which demonstrates that vascular smooth muscle contraction can be initiated by a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism that does not require prior MLC phosphorylation. We show that Ca2+ can initiate contractions supported by cytidine triphosphate (CTP) and that these contractions are inhibited by calmodulin antagonists, suggesting a Ca(2+)-calmodulin dependence of force distinct from that for MLC phosphorylation. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that carotid medial fibers contain a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase which is activated by Ca2+ and may catalyze caldesmon phosphorylation. Based in part on our results and those of other investigators, we propose that direct Ca(2+)-calmodulin binding to caldesmon or phosphorylation of caldesmon by a Ca(2+)-dependent MAP kinase disinhibits caldesmon. Disinhibition of caldesmon allows an inherent basal level of actin-activated myosin ATPase activity to be expressed. The result is the slow development of force.
Insight into Neutrophil Extracellular Traps through Systematic Evaluation of Citrullination and Peptidylarginine Deiminases (2019)

In rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune inflammatory arthritis, citrullinated proteins are targeted by autoantibodies and thus thought to drive disease. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are a source of citrullinated proteins and are increased in rheumatoid arthritis and therefore also implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, not all NETs are citrullinated. One theory aiming to clarify the intersection of citrullination, NETs, and rheumatoid arthritis suggests that specific stimuli induce different types of NETs defined by citrullination status. However, most studies do not evaluate uncitrullinated NETs, only citrullinated or total NETs. Further, the requirement for peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD) 2 and 4, two important citrullinating enzymes in neutrophils and rheumatoid arthritis, in the formation of different NETs has not been clearly defined. To determine if specific stimulants induce citrullinated or uncitrullinated NETs and if those structures require PAD2 or PAD4, human and murine neutrophils, including from PAD4<sup>-/-</sup> and PAD2<sup>-/-</sup> mice, were stimulated <i>in vitro</i> and NETs imaged and quantified. In humans, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), ionomycin, monosodium urate (MSU), and <i>Candida albicans</i> induced NETs with MSU and <i>C. albicans</i> inducing primarily citrullinated, PMA primarily uncitrullinated, and ionomycin a mix of NETs. Only ionomycin and <i>C. albicans</i> were strong inducers of NETs in mice with ionomycin-induced NETs mostly citrullinated and <i>C. albicans</i>-induced NETs a mix of citrullinated and uncitrullinated. Interestingly, no stimulus induced exclusively citrullinated or uncitrullinated NETs. Further, PAD4 was required for citrullinated NETs only, whereas PAD2 was not required for either NET in mice. Therefore, specific stimuli induce varying proportions of both citrullinated and uncitrullinated NETs with different requirements for PAD4. These findings highlight the complexity of NET formation and the need to further define the mechanisms by which different NETs form and their implications for autoimmune disease.