gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Trials Update from the American Heart Association: REPAIR-AMI, ASTAMI, JELIS, MEGA, REVIVE-II, SURVIVE, and PROACTIVE (2005)

This article provides information and a commentary on trials presented at the American Heart Association meeting held in November 2005, relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure. All reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication. In REPAIR-AMI an improvement in ejection fraction was observed in post-MI patients following infusion of bone marrow stem cells. However, the ASTAMI study showed no benefit of stem cell implantation in a similar patient cohort. The JELIS study reported a reduction in major coronary events in patients receiving statins plus fish oil compared to statins alone. MEGA showed that low dose statins in a low risk population reduce the incidence of major cardiovascular events. Two studies of levosimendan in acute heart failure gave conflicting results, in the REVIVE-II study levosimendan was reported to have a superior effect on the composite primary outcome compared to placebo, however, in SURVIVE despite a trend to early benefit with levosimendan, there was no difference in effect on long-term outcome versus dobutamine. The PROACTIVE study showed encouraging results for the use of pioglitazone in post-myocardial infarction patients with concomitant type 2 diabetes.
Stepwise protein folding at near amino acid resolution by hydrogen exchange and mass spectrometry (2013)

The kinetic folding of ribonuclease H was studied by hydrogen exchange (HX) pulse labeling with analysis by an advanced fragment separation mass spectrometry technology. The results show that folding proceeds through distinct intermediates in a stepwise pathway that sequentially incorporates cooperative native-like structural elements to build the native protein. Each step is seen as a concerted transition of one or more segments from an HX-unprotected to an HX-protected state. Deconvolution of the data to near amino acid resolution shows that each step corresponds to the folding of a secondary structural element of the native protein, termed a “foldon.” Each folded segment is retained through subsequent steps of foldon addition, revealing a stepwise buildup of the native structure via a single dominant pathway. Analysis of the pertinent literature suggests that this model is consistent with experimental results for many proteins and some current theoretical results. Two biophysical principles appear to dictate this behavior. The principle of cooperativity determines the central role of native-like foldon units. An interaction principle termed “sequential stabilization” based on native-like interfoldon interactions orders the pathway.
Nonlinear programming : concepts, algorithms, and applications to chemical processes (2010)

This book addresses modern nonlinear programming (NLP) concepts and algorithms, especially as they apply to challenging applications in chemical process engineering. The author provides a firm grounding in fundamental NLP properties and algorithms, and relates them to real-world problem classes in process optimization, thus making the material understandable and useful to chemical engineers and experts in mathematical optimization. Nonlinear Programming: Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications to Chemical Processes shows readers which NLP methods are best suited for specific applications, how large-scale problems should be formulated and what features of these problems should be emphasized, and how existing NLP methods can be extended to exploit specific structures of large-scale optimization models. Audience: The book is intended for chemical engineers interested in using NLP algorithms for specific applications, experts in mathematical optimization who want to understand process engineering problems and develop better approaches to solving them, and researchers from both fields interested in developing better methods and problem formulations for challenging engineering problems. Contents: Preface; Chapter 1: Introduction to Process Optimization; Chapter 2: Concepts of Unconstrained Optimization; Chapter 3: Newton-Type Methods for Unconstrained Optimization; Chapter 4: Concepts of Constrained Optimization; Chapter 5: Newton Methods for Equality Constrained Optimization; Chapter 6: Numerical Algorithms for Constrained Optimization; Chapter 7: Steady State Process Optimization; Chapter 8: Introduction to Dynamic Process Optimization; Chapter 9: Dynamic Optimization Methods with Embedded DAE Solvers; Chapter 10: Simultaneous Methods for Dynamic Optimization; Chapter 11: Process Optimization with Complementarity Constraints; Bibliography; Index
Linear Relationship of the Loci for Barring, Dermal Melanin Inhibitor, and Recessive White Skin on the Chicken Z Chromosome (1988)

The Z-linked loci barring (B), dermal melanin inhibitor (Id), and recessive white skin (y), and the MN t(Z;1) Z-linked chromosome translocation breakpoint (TB) were tested for linkage relationships. The linear order was found to be B-Id-TB-y, with B distal from the centromere on the long arm of the chromosome, and y mapping closest to the centromere. Calculated map unit values between markers varied depending on the presence or absence of the chromosome translocation. When tested on a normal chromosome, map distance +/- SE between B and Id was 13.7 +/- 2.2, and the Id-y distance was 39.9 +/- 3.0. The B and y loci showed independent segregation. When B and y were tested in the presence of the translocation, the calculated distance between these markers was 29.8 +/- 4.0. The B locus mapped 19.1 +/- 3.5 from TB, and y mapped 16.8 +/- 3.1 from TB.
A simulation approach for managing engineering projects (1986)

The Critical Path based Project Management tools do not take an adequate account of risk. Monte Carlo Simulation provides an improved methodology to quantify schedule risk, and as such is a significant advance in project management technology. This paper illustrates the use of this methodology for better understanding, designing, and managing a project such that the detrimental effects of these risks can be minimized. In addition, the results of this methodology are contrasted with that of CPM, PERT, and PROBABILISTIC PERT. This contrast illustrates the shortcomings of these widely used methodologies in a typical Engineering environment.
IS <i>195</i> , an Insertion Sequence-Like Element Associated with Protease Genes in <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (1998)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is recognized as an important etiologic agent in adult and early-onset periodontal disease. Proteases produced by this organism contribute to its virulence in mice. Protease-encoding genes have been shown to contain multiple copies of repeated nucleotide sequences. These conserved sequences have also been found in hemagglutinin genes. In the process of studying the genetic loci containing the conserved repeated sequences, we have characterized a prtP gene homolog from P. gingivalis W83 encoding a cysteine protease with Lys-X specificity. However, this prtP gene was interrupted by an insertion sequence-like element which we designated IS195. Furthermore, IS195 and another element, IS1126, were present downstream of prtP gene homologs (kgp) found in P. gingivalis H66 and 381. IS195, a 1,068-bp insertion sequence-like element, contained 11-bp inverted repeats at its termini and was bordered by 9-bp direct repeats presumed to be a transposition-mediated target site duplication. Its central region contained one large open reading frame encoding a predicted 300-amino-acid protein which appeared to be a transposase. We isolated two naturally occurring variants of P. gingivalis W83, one carrying IS195 within the coding region of the prtP gene and another containing an intact prtP gene. Biochemical characterization revealed a lack of trypsin-like Lys-X specific proteolytic activity in the P. gingivalis W83 variant carrying the disrupted prtP gene. Studies using a mouse model revealed a reduction of virulence resulting from insertion of IS195 into the coding region of the prtP gene. An allelic-exchange mutant defective in the prtP gene also was constructed and tested in vivo. It displayed intermediate virulence compared to that of the wild-type and prtP::IS195 mutant strains. We conclude that the Lys-X cysteine protease contributes to virulence in soft tissue infections.
A history of health visiting and parenting in the last 50 years. (2000)

Although the nineteenth century origins of health visiting have been well documented, rather less attention had been paid to the development of this profession in the last 50 years. Similarly, although 'parenting' is of concern and interest to contemporary society less is known about its development during the past half-century. This paper draws upon two, hitherto much underused data sources - the 'Jameson Report (1956) and the work of John and Elizabeth Newson (1963 and 1968) to explore the history of health visiting and 'parenting'. The sources suggest that health visiting and parenting are intertwined with health visiting supporting of parenting in two main ways - one focusing on interventions with individual families and the other addressing the social context in which 'parenting' has taken place. Four phases of health visiting practice are identified and analyzed according to the nature of parenting support offered therein.
Diflunisal: a review of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, drug interactions, and special tolerability studies in humans. (1977)

I In the fasting state, peak plasma levels of diflunisal were achieved within 2 hours. The drug was not metabolized and almost totally excreted in the urine as unchanged or conjugated drug. The terminal plasma half-life was approximately 8 hours. These results support a twice daily dose regimen. 2 During multiple dose administration the time required to achieve steady-state plasma levels varied with the dose. A dose regimen of 125 mg twice daily required 2-3 d, whereas a regimen of 500 mg twice daily required 7-9 d to reach a steady-state plasma level. 3 Clinically effective doses of diflunisal decreased the urinary excretion of the major prostaglandin E metabolite, 7a-hydroxy-5,1 1-diketotetranorprostane-1,16-dioic acid, and exhibited significant uricosuric activity. These same doses did not seem to cause tinnitus, nor did they significantly alter gastrointestinal blood loss, affect blood glucose, bleeding time, or platelet function. 4 Clinically significant drug interactions may be anticipated during concomitant administration with at least one oral anticoagulant (acenocoumarol), but probably not anticipated during the coadministra- tion of oral antidiabetic agents, thiazide diuretics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory/analgesic agents. 5 Clinical and laboratory data accumulated during these studies indicated that diflunisal was well tolerated.
Coherent and Incoherent Echo Spectroscopy with Extended-Time Excitation (1985)

It is shown that in electron spin-echo spectroscopy the entire echo modulation, normally measured point by point in a sequence of experiments, can be obtained by a single experiment with extended-time excitation by use of a coherent, a stochastic, or a pulse-burst stimulation followed by a strong refocusing pulse.
Purification and Molecular Cloning of Calobin,a Thrombin-Like Enzyme from Agkistrodon caliginosus (Korean Viper) (1996)

A thrombin-like enzyme, calobin, has been purified to homogeneity from the venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus by a procedure involving Bio-Gel P-100, Mono S, and Pro-RPC. The enzyme was identified as a monomer with a molecular weight of 34,000 on SDS-PAGE, and its isoelectric point was 6.2. Calobin acted on fibrinogen to form fibrin with a specific activity of 226 NIH equivalent units, and also exhibited arginine esterase activity. The enzyme predominantly cleaved the alpha-chain of fibrinogen with little degradation of the beta-chain. It contained abundant asparagine/aspartic acid residues, but very few tyrosine or methionine residues. The proteolytic activity of the enzyme with TAME as a substrate was higher than that of thrombin. However, it showed neither lysine esterase nor caseinolytic activity. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by PMSF, and moderately by benzamidine and soybean trypsin inhibitor, indicating it is a serine protease. On the other hand, the enzyme activity was not inhibited by hirudin or aprotinin. cDNA (1.6 kb) for calobin has been cloned from an A. caliginosus cDNA library. The cDNA sequence indicates that calobin is synthesized as a pre-zymogen of 262 amino acids, including a putative secretory signal peptide of 18 amino acids and a proposed zymogen peptide of 6 amino acid residues. The cDNA sequence encodes a 238-amino acid residue molecule exhibiting strong amino acid sequence homology to those of ancrod, batroxobin, and flavoxobin isolated from other snake venoms. Calobin contains 12 cysteine residues. As judged on alignment of the amino acid sequences of other thrombin-like enzymes (batroxobin, ancrod, and flavoxobin), calobin constitute the formation of six disulfide bridges. Amino acid residues, His43, Asp88, and Ser182, which are thought to be the catalytic active site are highly conserved. As calobin is a glycoprotein, its possible glycosylation site, Asn-X-Thr, is located at amino acid residues 81-83.
Modified polyharmonic data broadcasting scheme for popular videos (2005)

The harmonic scheme is reported to have the best performance for user's waiting time, however, it does not always deliver the video data in time to the viewers. To overcome this shortcoming, some new schemes have been proposed. They include cautious, quasi-harmonic, and polyharmonic schemes. The cautious and quasi-harmonic schemes deliver the video data in time by employing extra bandwidth, whereas in the polyharmonic scheme extra storage space is required in comparison to the original harmonic scheme. The polyharmonic scheme has better performance for user's waiting time in comparison to the cautious as well as the quasi-harmonic scheme. However, it requires a viewer to wait for integral multiple of time slots before starting viewing the video. Furthermore, it requires considerable amount of initial buffer storage. In this paper, the modified polyharmonic scheme has been proposed that provides the video data in time unlike the harmonic scheme. More importantly, it relaxes the condition making a viewer to wait for integral multiple of time slots before starting viewing. The viewer can get the services even after the video data is stored in the buffer storage for a fraction of the time slot. The initial storage requirement is less than the polyharmonic scheme.
Antibody response to immunization with influenza A/USSR/77 (H1N1) virus in young individuals primed or unprimed for A/New Jersey/76 (H1N1) virus (1981)

A group of 269 pupils of the Harbour and Transport Training Institute in Rotterdam (group A), aged 13-20 years, and of 109 patients of the Dr Mr Willem van den Bergh Foundation at Noordwijk (group B), aged 11-21 years, were immunized with a whole virus vaccine containing 10, 20, or 40 microgram HA of A/USSR/92/77 (H1N1) influenza virus. A booster vaccination was administered 6 weeks later with 20 microgram HA of the same virus. Many of the participants had been immunized during the two preceding years with a whole virus vaccine containing A/New Jersey/8/76 (H1N1) (A/NJ/76) virus. The side-effects, mostly of a moderate nature, increased with the dose of virus in the vaccine. In group A side effects were least frequent in the vaccinees who had never received A/NJ/76 vaccine. A single dose of A/USSR/77 vaccine did not produce satisfactory levels of homologous antibodies. After booster immunization with 20 microgram HA of A/USSR/77 virus participants showed a higher homologous antibody response in all vaccine-dose groups if they had not been immunized with A/NJ/76 virus in previous years. After primary and especially after booster immunization with A/USSR/77 virus, a very high response against A/NJ/76 virus and adequate levels of A/NJ/76 antibody were found in participants who had been immunized previously with A/NJ/76 virus. Those who had not been immunized with this virus previously showed no or a very low antibody response to A/NJ/76 virus.
Self-adaptive workload classification and forecasting for proactive resource provisioning (2013)

As modern enterprise software systems become increasingly dynamic, workload forecasting techniques are gaining in importance as a foundation for online capacity planning and resource management. Time series analysis offers a broad spectrum of methods to calculate workload forecasts based on history monitoring data. Related work in the field of workload forecasting mostly concentrates on evaluating specific methods and their individual optimisation potential or on predicting Quality-of-Service (QoS) metrics directly. As a basis, we present a survey on established forecasting methods of the time series analysis concerning their benefits and drawbacks and group them according to their computational overheads. In this paper, we propose a novel self-adaptive approach that selects suitable forecasting methods for a given context based on a decision tree and direct feedback cycles together with a corresponding implementation. The user needs to provide only his general forecasting objectives. In several experiments and case studies based on real-world workload traces, we show that our implementation of the approach provides continuous and reliable forecast results at run-time. The results of this extensive evaluation show that the relative error of the individual forecast points is significantly reduced compared to statically applied forecasting methods, e.g. in an exemplary scenario on average by 37%. In a case study, between 55% and 75% of the violations of a given service level agreement can be prevented by applying proactive resource provisioning based on the forecast results of our implementation.
Electronic Polarizabilities of Ions in Crystals (1953)

A set of electronic polarizabilities has been obtained from a least-squares fit of experimental refraction data using simple additivity and a Lorentz factor of $\frac{4\ensuremath{\pi}}{3}$. Except for the fluorides, the electronic polarizability values of the alkali-halide crystals calculated from this set agree with the experimental data within 3 percent. Similar least-squares fits were attempted with various values of the Lorentz factor, the best fit being obtained for $\frac{4\ensuremath{\pi}}{3}$. On the basis of $\frac{4\ensuremath{\pi}}{3}$, the additivity assumption and the alkali-halide set, polarizabilities have been obtained for other ions. The best values for the sodium $D$ line in ${\mathrm{A}}^{3}$ are ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ 0.03, ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ 0.41, ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ 1.33, ${\mathrm{Rb}}^{+}$ 1.98, ${\mathrm{Cs}}^{+}$ 3.34, ${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ 0.64, ${\mathrm{Cl}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ 2.96, ${\mathrm{Br}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ 4.16, ${\mathrm{I}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ 6.43, ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{++}$ 1.1, ${\mathrm{Sr}}^{++}$ 1.6, ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{++}$ 2.5, ${\mathrm{O}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ 0.5-3.2, ${\mathrm{S}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ 4.8-5.9, ${\mathrm{Se}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ 6.0-7.5, ${\mathrm{Te}}^{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{-}}$ 8.3-10.2, ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{+}$ 2.4, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{+}$ 1.6, ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{++}$ 0.2, ${\mathrm{Zn}}^{++}$ 0.8, ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{++}$ 1.8, ${\mathrm{Ge}}^{4+}$ 1, ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{4+}$ 3.4, ${\mathrm{Pb}}^{++}$ 4.9. Values represented by a spread indicate ions that cannot be treated additively.
Challenges and insights of creating a safety program abroad (2013)

Establishing business and academic endeavors abroad is an exciting and extremely challenging undertaking. This is especially true when setting up ventures that have the complications of an academic institution complete with world-class research laboratories and a diversified faculty, staff and student population from over 50 countries. This article will take the readers through many of the challenges associated with setting up an institution abroad from the start-up to the fully operational phases. The authors will examine an expanded view on “Duty of Care”, security challenges, hazardous material experiences, cultural challenges, and crisis preparedness programs; all while giving a first hand account of tackling these different issues far removed from the parent campus.
Growth of Graphite Nanofibers from the Iron−Copper Catalyzed Decomposition of CO/H<sub>2</sub>Mixtures (2003)

We have investigated the formation of graphite nanofibers from the catalytic decomposition of CO/H2 mixtures over a series of powdered Fe−Cu catalysts at temperatures ranging from 500 to 700 °C. The physical and structural characteristics of the nanofibers have been established from examination of the materials by a variety of techniques including transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed oxidation, nitrogen surface area measurements, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the addition of Cu to Fe did not exert a significant influence on the amount of solid carbon product formed in the reaction. On the other hand, examination of the nanofibers by high-resolution TEM revealed that the materials generated from Fe-rich Cu bimetallics were notably more graphitic in nature than those grown from pure Fe. As the reaction temperature was increased from 600 to 700 °C, the structure of the graphite nanofibers underwent a dramatic change from a “platelet” to “tubular” configuration. It is suggested that this transformation is directly associated with the α-Fe to γ-Fe phase change over this temperature range.
An indirect immunofluorescence procedure for staining the same cryosection with two mouse monoclonal primary antibodies. (1993)

Indirect immunofluorescence procedures reported thus far are not effective at localizing two antigens in the same preparation when both primary antibodies are raised in the same species. In this case, the secondary antibodies can crossreact with both primary antibodies. We report here a protocol in which mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific for actin and myosin were used sequentially to stain the same frozen section of guinea pig skeletal muscle. The myosin-specific mAb was applied first and was localized with a rabbit anti-mouse IgG-rhodamine secondary antibody. The sections were then "blocked" with a non-binding mouse MAb and unconjugated goat anti-mouse IgG F(ab) fragments. The actin-specific mAb was then applied and localized with a rabbit anti-mouse IgG-fluorescein secondary antibody. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and image analysis demonstrated that the I-bands, the A-bands, and the H-bands of each sarcomere were clearly identifiable by this approach. This protocol is not limited to use with mouse MAb but can be easily modified to permit indirect immunolocalization of two antigens in the same sample using any pair of same-species primary antibodies.