gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alfonso VI: política desde León (2002)

The production and characterization of a double-layer scaffold, to be used as a system for the "on-demand" release of corneal limbal stem cells, are reported here. The devices used in the clinics and proposed so far in the scientific literature, for the release of corneal stem cells in the treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency, cannot control the in vivo space-time release of cells as the biomaterial of which they are composed is devoid of the stimuli-responsive feature. Our approach was to produce a scaffold composed of two different polymeric layers that give the device the appropriate mechanical properties to be placed on the ocular surface and the possibility of releasing the stem cells following a noninvasive and cell-friendly treatment. This device consists of an electrospun microfibrillar scaffold of poly-l-lactic acid coated by a polymeric film based on an amphiphilic derivative of hyaluronic acid sensitive to the ionic strength of the external medium and to the presence of a complexing agent. The latter represents the "sacrificial" cell containing layer of the scaffold that can be dissolved "on demand" by the treatment with a solution of cyclodextrins. The rapid removal of the external polymeric film from the device is exploited to control the space-time release of the cells. In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed that fibroblast-like limbal stem cells cultured on the scaffold without the use of the feeder layer maintained their characteristics of stem cells and can be released "on demand" on the culture well coated with Matrigel or on the decellularized bovine cornea, respectively.
Chicken keel cartilage as a source of chondroitin sulfate (2002)

Chondroitin sulfate is used extensively as a treatment for osteoarthritis. This study was conducted to evaluate whether chondroitin sulfate could be isolated from chicken keel cartilage in sufficient quantities and of requisite quality to make it a feasible source of chondroitin sulfate. Proteoglycans were extracted from chicken keel cartilage obtained immediately after slaughter by using 3 M MgCl2 at room temperature. The extract was then dialyzed and digested with papain to remove proteins. Glycosaminoglycans were obtained by ethanol precipitation, lyophilized, and characterized by using gel filtration on Sepharose CL-6B columns. Guanidine-HCI extraction was also used as a control to investigate the efficiency of extraction using MgCl2. Results showed that, from every gram of wet or non-lyophilized keel cartilage, 32.9 +/- 4.8 mg (dry weight) of glycosaminoglycans could be obtained following MgCl2 extraction. Analyses revealed that 75.5 +/- 4.2% of these glycosaminoglycans were chondroitin sulfate. Chromatographic analyses showed a single symmetrical peak, which could be almost entirely removed by prior digestion with chondroitinase ABC, indicating that the material in the peak was in fact chondroitin sulfate. The average molecular weight (also called relative molecular mass, Mr) of the glycosaminoglycans was also estimated (Mr 48,500). Characterization using polyacrylamide or agarose gel electrophoresis showed diffuse bands containing chondroitin sulfate, which could be entirely removed by prior digestion with chondroitinase ABC. This study shows that chicken keel cartilage is a readily available source of chondroitin sulfate.
Optimization of bitstream assembly in parallel multimedia compression (2002)

Multimedia compression algorithms usually take DCT or wavelet transformed input data and produce a stream of bits as output. It has been shown that compression algorithms can be parallelized in a data driven way so that a sequence of bit-stream parts is produced by each processing element (PE) corresponding to the PE-local part of the partitioned and distributed input data. Unfortunately, the collection and assembly of these bit-stream parts by a single PE turns out to be a major bottleneck because it is sequential. This work addresses this problem by sequential optimizations and parallelization of the assembly process itself.
Self Discharge in Lead‐Acid Storage Batteries (1947)

The effect of proportion of antimony in grid metal on the rate of self discharge of lead‐acid storage batteries was investigated over the range 0.5% to 12% Sb with the conventional type of cells, and also with the low discharge (LD) type of construction. As the proportion of antimony in the grid metal increases, the rate of self discharge increases. This rate is higher and accelerates upward more rapidly at 125° F (51.7° C) than at 80° F (26.7° C). To produce a cell really free from self discharge the use of pure lead metal for grids is required. Alloys with 1% to 2% Sb are difficult to cast into grids and therefore are not practical. Tellurium, where added to pure lead grid metal to the extent of 0.06%, does not markedly affect the self discharge of cells and does not contribute appreciably to the mechanical properties of the grid. Negative plates lose power on standing from 2 to 5 times faster than do the positive plates. As the concentration of electrolyte increases from 1.250 sp. gr. to 1.400 the rate of self discharge increases slowly for cells with pure lead grids and rapidly for those with antimonial lead grids. As the length of test on open circuit becomes longer the rate of self discharge decreases somewhat. Low discharge cells with pure lead grids were found to lose capacity so slowly at 80° F (26.7° C) that after a 35 month period of standing on open circuit they still had half of the original capacity left available. At 125° F (51.7° C) they lose capacity much more rapidly, but even then not materially exceeding the rate for the conventional batteries at 80° F (26.7° C). The material of separators, comparing treated wood with rubber, does not affect self discharge. Cell design, however, as it depends on the design of the grids, does affect the self discharge behavior of antimony.
Enhanced Security for Cloud Storage using File Encryption (2013)

Cloud computing is a term coined to a network that offers incredible processing power, a wide array of storage space and unbelievable speed of computation. Social media channels, corporate structures and individual consumers are all switching to the magnificent world of cloud computing. The flip side to this coin is that with cloud storage emerges the security issues of confidentiality, data integrity and data availability. Since the cloud is a mere collection of tangible super computers spread across the world, authentication and authorization for data access is more than a necessity. Our work attempts to overcome these security threats. The proposed methodology suggests the encryption of the files to be uploaded on the cloud. The integrity and confidentiality of the data uploaded by the user is ensured doubly by not only encrypting it but also providing access to the data only on successful authentication.
Use of laser fluorescence in dental caries diagnosis: a fluorescence x biomolecular vibrational spectroscopic comparative study (2013)

The aim of this work was to verify the existence of correlation between Raman spectroscopy readings of phosphate apatite (~960 cm-1), fluoridated apatite (~575 cm-1) and organic matrix (~1450 cm-1) levels and Diagnodent® readings at different stages of dental caries in extracted human teeth. The mean peak value of fluorescence in the carious area was recorded and teeth were divided in enamel caries, dentin caries and sound dental structure. After fluorescence readings, Raman spectroscopy was carried out on the same sites. The results showed significant difference (ANOVA, p<0.05) between the fluorescence readings for enamel (16.4 ± 2.3) and dentin (57.6 ± 23.7) on carious teeth. Raman peaks of enamel and dentin revealed that ~575 and ~960 cm-1 peaks were more intense in enamel caries. There was significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between the ~575 and ~960 cm-1 peaks and dentin caries. It may be concluded that the higher the fluorescence detected by Diagnodent the lower the peaks of phosphate apatite and fluoridated apatite. As the early diagnosis of caries is directly related to the identification of changes in the inorganic tooth components, Raman spectroscopy was more sensitive to variations of these components than Diagnodent.
Absorption-assisted mode transformation in butterfly compound eyes (2014)

The ommatidium of the butterfly's afocal apposition eye exhibits angular performance that can only be achieved by transforming the diffraction pattern of its corneal lens into the fundamental mode of its rhabdom waveguide. A graded index model of the ommatidium has been proposed and verified but the efforts to extract the transformation's underlying physics from it have been hindered by its extreme complexity. Here we numerically investigate the ommatidium model and reveal that the current model, involving only the graded index distribution, is insufficient for the transformation. We further find that adding spatially varying absorption to the existing model dramatically improves its transformation performance, producing near-perfect mode matching with overlap integral exceeding 0.96. Such a combined action of spatially varying index and absorption for microscale mode transformation is new to researchers in optics and biology and will benefit both disciplines.
693. Regression of Established Subcutaneous B16 Melanoma Tumors after Intratumoral Delivery of a IL-15 Expressing Plasmid Followed by In Vivo Electroporation (2005)

Melanoma is a major cancer due to metastasis; however, its initial cutaneous presentation makes it amenable to therapy. In vivo electroporation (E) has been used recently to efficaciously deliver conventional drugs and therapeutic genes to tumors, including melanomas. This study reports on the intratumoral (IT) delivery of DNA plasmids expressing interleukin-15 (IL-15), i.e. pIL-15, to established subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors in C57BL6 mice. The IL-15 expression plasmid used was optimized for expression and was 80 fold more efficient than standard pcDNA3 based plasmids. IL-15 has been shown to have a pivotal role in the function of memory CD8 T cells and natural killer cells, both of which are critical for tumor immunosurveillance in vivo. In this study, female C57BL6 mice were injected, subcutaneously in the flank, with 1 million B16F10 melanoma cells. Approximately 7 days later, when tumor volumes were approximately 40 cu mm (day 0), mice (n=8/group) were randomized into different groups: untreated (V-P-E-) or treated with 50micrograms of pIL-15 (P) or backbone plasmid (V) with or without E (E+-/E-) (E conditions = 6 pulses 100microsecs 1500 V/cm). Subsequent treatments of the groups were made on days 4 and 7 and tumor volumes and survival among the groups were measured after the treatment regimen. Results at day 35-post treatment showed 0, 25 and 71% complete tumor regression in the V+-E+-, P+-E- and P+-E+- groups respectively. Likewise, at day 35 mice survival for the V+-E+-, P+-E-, P+-E+- and V-P-E- groups were 25, 50, 100 and 0% respectively. In addition, tumor growth, as measured by tumor volume, in mice without complete tumor regression was considerably less in the P+-E+- group (177 cu mm) when compared to the P+-E- (518 cu mm) and V+-E+-(1175 cu mm) groups. In addition, IL-15 expression in tumor lysates was considerably higher (7.5 fold) in the P+-E+- treated animals (21.6 pg/mg tumor) compared to the P+-E- group (2.9pg/mg tumor) demonstrating the efficacy of E+- to significantly enhance the expression of pIL-15 and potentially mediate an enhanced therapeutic effect. These results demonstrate the ability of an IL-15 expressing DNA plasmid to mediate an increase in complete regression of established subcutaneous B16 melanoma tumors when delivered intratumorally along with E. This is the first description of the ability of an IL-15 expressing DNA plasmid to alone mediate complete regression in this tumor type. These results are relevant since B16F10 tumors are characteristically difficult to treat and cure and underscores the potential clinical use of IL-15 for the treatment of malignant tumors when delivered with in vivo E. Mechanistic studies on the effects of the treatments reported here are being pursued and are centering on the previously established role of IL-15 in CD8+- T cell and natural killer cell activity.
Both CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells Can Mediate Vaccine‐Induced Protection against<i>Coccidioides immitis</i>Infection in Mice (2006)

To determine which lymphocytes are required for vaccine-induced immunity to coccidioidomycosis, we used a temperature-sensitive mutant of Coccidioides immitis to immunize mice lacking subsets of lymphocytes or specific cytokines and infected the mice 4 weeks later with virulent C. immitis. After 2 weeks, we determined the number of fungi in their lungs and spleens. Vaccine-induced immunity required alpha beta T lymphocytes. beta -2 microglobulin knockout (KO) mice were protected by immunization, and we transferred protection using CD4+ T cells from immunized mice. However, vaccination also protected CD4+ KO mice, which suggests that CD8+ T cells played a role in vaccine-induced immunity, even though they were not required. We adaptively transferred protection using spleen cells from immunized CD4+ KO mice to nonimmune B6 mice, but CD8+ -depleted spleen cells did not protect against infection. Recipients of spleen cells from immunized CD4+ KO mice had 6 times more tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- alpha mRNA in their lungs than did mice that received nonimmune spleen cells, and TNF receptor-1 KO mice were not fully protected by immunization. These results show that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can protect against coccidioidomycosis and that TNF- alpha is a necessary component of the acquired immune response.
The Effect of Gasoline Volatility on Exhaust Emissions (1972)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">For many years, the primary consideration for determining motor gasoline volatility specifications has been good car performance, i.e., fast start-ups, freedom from vapor lock, and good driveability. Now, for late-model cars, there is a new consideration for volatility control. This is exhaust emissions. Fuel volatility has been found to have a significant effect on the exhaust emissions of many late-model vehicles. A decrease of 5 psi RVP from current levels increased exhaust CO an average of 28% at 70°F and 22% at 30°F in a group of eleven cars. Exhaust hydrocarbons were increased an average of about 5% at both temperatures. Now, before lowering fuel volatility, it is important to consider the effect the change will have on exhaust emissions as well as car performance.</div>
Purification, cloning and expression of dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity from human neutrophils: identification as glutaredoxin (1996)

Dehydroascorbic acid-reducing activity in normal human neutrophil lysates was characterized and identified by activity-based purification and measurement of newly synthesized ascorbate by HPLC. The initial reducing activity was non-dialysable and could not be accounted for by the activity of glutathione as a reducing agent. The reducing activity was purified to homogeneity as an 11 kDa protein. The protein had a specific activity of 3 mumol/min per mg of protein and was glutathione dependent. Kinetic experiments showed that the protein had a K(m) for glutathione of 2.0 mM and a K(m) for dehydroascorbic acid of 250 microM. Dehydroascorbic acid reduction by the purified protein was pH dependent and was maximal at pH 7.5. Peptide fragments from the purified protein were analysed for amino acid sequence and the protein was identified as glutaredoxin. By using degenerate oligonucleotides based on the amino acid sequence, glutaredoxin was cloned from a human neutrophil library. Expressed purified glutaredoxin displayed reducing activity and kinetics that were indistinguishable from those of native purified enzyme. Several approaches indicated that glutaredoxin was responsible for the most of the protein-mediated dehydroascorbic acid reduction in lysates. From protein purification data, glutaredoxin was responsible for at least 47% of the initial reducing activity. Dehydroascorbic acid reduction was at least 5-fold greater in neutrophil lysates than in myeloid tumour cell lysates, and glutaredoxin was detected in normal neutrophil lysates but not in myeloid tumour cell lysates by Western blotting. Glutaredoxin inhibitors inhibited dehydroascorbic acid reduction in neutrophil lysates as much as 80%. These findings indicate that glutaredoxin plays a major role in dehydroascorbic acid reduction in normal human neutrophil lysates, and represent the first identification of dehydroascorbic acid reductase in human tissue by activity-based purification.
p57Kip2 and Cancer: Time for a Critical Appraisal (2011)

p57(Kip2) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor belonging to the Cip/Kip family, which also includes p21(Cip1) and p27(Kip1). So far, p57(Kip2) is the least-studied Cip/Kip protein, and for a long time its relevance has been related mainly to its unique role in embryogenesis. Moreover, genetic and molecular studies on animal models and patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome have shown that alterations in CDKN1C (the p57(Kip2) encoding gene) have functional relevance in the pathogenesis of this disease. Recently, a number of investigations have identified and characterized heretofore unexpected roles for p57(Kip2). The protein appears to be critically involved in initial steps of cell and tissue differentiation, and particularly in neuronal development and erythropoiesis. Intriguingly, p27(Kip1), the Cip/Kip member that is most homologous to p57(Kip2), is primarily involved in the process of cell cycle exit. p57(Kip2) also plays a critical role in controlling cytoskeletal organization and cell migration through its interaction with LIMK-1. Furthermore, p57(Kip2) appears to modulate genome expression. Finally, accumulating evidence indicates that p57(Kip2) protein is frequently downregulated in different types of human epithelial and nonepithelial cancers as a consequence of genetic and epigenetic events. In summary, the emerging picture is that several aspects of p57(Kip2)'s functions are only poorly clarified. This review represents an appraisal of the data available on the p57(Kip2) gene and protein structure, and its role in human physiology and pathology. We particularly focus our attention on p57(Kip2) changes in cancers and pharmacological approaches for modulating p57(Kip2) levels.
The "b" mutated gene in heterozygous Belgrade anemic rat. (1993)

The Belgrade b/b rat has an autosomal recessive mutation which in homozygous state induces severe anemia. So far, this mutation has been considered a recessive one and the heterozygous animals (+/b) as phenotypically normal. In this study, we showed that at the hematologic level, the heterozygous animals acquire some of the anemic characteristics as well. Namely, the young +/b animal displays reticulocytosis of 3.1 +/- 1.0%, identical to b/b rat, compared with 0.8 +/- 0.4% in young normal animals. This conclusion was further supported by examination of beta-globin expression. The level of beta-globin mRNA in anemic and heterozygous reticulocytes is decreased, as estimated by dot blot hybridization, to 25% and 50% of normal level, respectively. Although inapparent phenotypically, b mutated allele disturbs early erythropoiesis and markedly decreases globin mRNA level in the heterozygous rat.
Effects of kiwifruit consumption on serum lipid profiles and antioxidative status in hyperlipidemic subjects (2009)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most important adult health problem in the world. Epidemiological studies and laboratory experiments have shown that fruit and vegetable consumption has protective effects against CVD. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of consumption of two kiwifruit per day on the lipid profile, antioxidants and markers of lipid peroxidation in hyperlipidemic adult men and women in Taiwan. Forty-three subjects who had hyperlipidemia, including 13 males and 30 females, participated in this study. They were asked to consume two kiwifruit per day for 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements were made. Before the intervention and at 4 and 8 weeks of the intervention, fasting blood samples were analyzed for total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Additionally vitamin E and vitamin C, the malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal concentration, and the lag time of LDL oxidation were determined. No significant differences from baseline to 8 weeks of the intervention were detected for triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, or LDL cholesterol. However, after 8 weeks of consumption of kiwifruit, the HDL-C concentration was significantly increased and the LDL cholesterol/HDL-C ratio and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio were significantly decreased. Vitamin C and vitamin E also increased significantly. In addition, the lag time of LDL oxidation and malondialdehyde + 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal had significantly changed at 4 and 8 weeks during the kiwifruit intervention. Regular consumption of kiwifruit might exert beneficial effects on the antioxidative status and the risk factors for CVD in hyperlipidemic subjects.
Very small embryonic-like stem cells are involved in regeneration of mouse pancreas post-pancreatectomy (2014)

Results provide direct evidence supporting the presence of VSELs in adult mouse pancreas and their role during regeneration. VSELs are an interesting alternative to ES/iPS cells to regenerate a diabetic pancreas in future.
Electrical Conductance Study of Na+ Ion Mobility in Silicogermanate, Aluminogermanate, and Aluminosilicate Melts (1966)

Correlations between Na+ ion mobility, as determined by electrical conductance measurements, and structure changes were examined for ternary oxide melts between 1100° and 1700°C. Positive A and negative deviations for silicogermanate melts, as well as negative Λ and positive deviations for high silica or germania content melts with , can be related to (a) the oxygen packing around the Na+ ion, and (b) the local electroneutrality requirements (Na+ remains near portion of anions). Specific differences between the latter melts appear to be related to structural dissimilarities. The cation mobility increase that accompanies the gradual substitution of equimolar amounts of and for either or suggests the formation of more open, cristobalite‐like liquids as the 1/1/2 composition is approached in each system. Similarities between glass and melt conductance phenomena are also discussed.
Small-Aperture Small-Flare-Angle Corrugated Horns (1968)

Higher order modes can exist in the corrugated horn if the corrugations are initiated at a position from the throat such that the separation between the two walls exceeds <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3/2 \lambda</tex> . These modes then produce patterns which are now frequency-dependent and in one case have exceptionally low sidelobes.
Les gradients de champ radio-fréquence (gradients B<sub>1</sub>) en RMN (1995)

Les gradients de champ radio-fréquence (gradients B1) peuvent se substituer aux gradients de champ statique (gradients B0) pour la plupart des applications actuellement envisageables. Les domaines d'application suivants sont passés en revue : mesure des coefficients d'auto-diffusion, microimagerie, spectroscopie (suppression du pic du solvant, élimination du cyclage de phase, sélection de cohérences).