gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation and localization of a surface plasmon polariton on a finite grating (1996)

The propagation of a surface plasmon polariton along a finite grating is studied numerically. It is shown that there is a forbidden band of frequencies. The transmittivity of the system exhibits oscillations that are attributed to finite size effects. We also investigate the properties of acceptor defects, which produce localized states. The excitation of these modes yields a peak of the transmittivity within the gap and an enhancement of the near field. Finally, we study the transmittivity and the near field for random gratings that are periodic on average. We observe that the gap width decreases. In addition, we show that the reflectivity of the finite grating increases when the length of the finite grating increases for a frequency out of the gap but close to the band edge. This behavior indicates the presence of Anderson localization.
The effect of oral N-acetylcysteine in chronic bronchitis: a quantitative systematic review (2000)

The role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of chronic bronchitis is unclear. Since a number of studies have been published on this topic, a systematic review of published studies seems justified. A systematic search (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, bibliographies, no language restriction) for published randomized trials comparing oral NAC with placebo in patients with chronic bronchitis was performed. Dichotomous data on prevention of exacerbation, improvement of symptoms and adverse effects were extracted from original reports. The relative benefit and number-needed-to-treat were calculated for both individual trials and combined data. Thirty-nine trials were retrieved; eleven (2,011 analysed patients), published 1976-1994, were regarded as relevant and valid according to preset criteria. In nine studies, 351 of 723 (48.5%) patients receiving NAC had no exacerbation compared with 229 of 733 (31.2%) patients receiving placebo (relative benefit 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.37-1.77), number-needed-to-treat 5.8 (95% CI 4.5-8.1). There was no evidence of any effect of study period (12-24 weeks) or cumulative dose of NAC on efficacy. In five trials, 286 of 466 (61.4%) patients receiving NAC reported improvement of their symptoms compared with 160 of 462 (34.6%) patients receiving placebo (relative benefit 1.78 (95% CI 1.54-2.05), number-needed-to-treat 3.7 (95% CI 3.0-4.9)). With NAC, 68 of 666 (10.2%) patients reported gastrointestinal adverse effects compared with 73 of 671 (10.9%) taking placebo. With NAC, 79 of 1,207 (6.5%) patients withdrew from the study due to adverse effects, compared with 87 of 1,234 (7.1%) receiving placebo. In conclusion, with treatment periods of approximately 12-24 weeks, oral N-acetylcysteine reduces the risk of exacerbations and improves symptoms in patients with chronic bronchitis compared with placebo, without increasing the risk of adverse effects. Whether this benefit is sufficient to justify the routine and long-term use of N-acetylcysteine in all patients with chronic bronchitis should be addressed in further studies and cost-effectiveness analyses.
DOI, an agonist of 5-HT2A/2C serotonin receptor, alters the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in the rat parietal cortex. (2002)

The hallucinogenic effect of DOI, serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist, is known to be associated with the activation of cortical 5-HT2 receptors. However, the effect of DOI on excitability of cortical neurons and their subsequent function is still not quite understood. Previous immunohistochemical studies using Fos proteins expression as a marker of neuronal activity showed the involvement of arachidonic acid cascade, particularly cyclooxygenase metabolic pathway, in DOI-induced Fos proteins expression in the rat parietal cortex. DOI increases arachidonic acid release which is transformed itself via acceleration of cyclooxygenase metabolic pathway to biologically active metabolites, such as prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Since cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression correlates with neuronal activity, it was of interest to investigate whether DOI is capable of influencing the level of COX-2 protein and mRNA expression in the rat parietal cortex. It was observed that neurons which were positive for 5-HT2A receptors showed constitutive COX-2 immunoreactivity. It was found further, that COX-2 protein level was increased at 1 h, and returned to the control level at 3 and 6 h after DOI (5 mg/kg) administration. In contrast, DOI decreased the COX-2 mRNA expression at all tested time points (1 h, 3h and 6h after DOI treatment). The obtained results further support the suggestion that COX-2 activation and possibly arachidonic acid metabolites generated by COX-2 may be considered as important mediators of functional responses generated by activation of cortical 5-HT2A/2C receptors.
Automated code generation tools for collaboration systems (2007)

In a collaboration system, information is sent from one collaborator to one or more other collaborators. Typically this information must be put in a standard format for transmitting through the collaboration framework. If a new type of information is to be sent, new intermediate data structures may need to be defined, new entries may be required in the system 's ontology/data dictionary, and new processing code needs to be written to convert the intermediate data structures into the framework's standard format. In a rapidly changing environment, the software development process is too slow to support timely sharing of information. This paper describes an approach to automating the process of developing new data structures, meta-data definitions, and translation software through automated tools.
Authorization-based Approach for Customized Automated Resource Provisioning Services (2015)

Combining the concept of software control with existing legacy network technology promotes new networking services with low capital expenditure. Currently, many testbeds and academic operators provide bandwidth on demand (BoD) services over layers 2 and 3 wide area network. BoD decreases operational expenditures and manual errors. However, administrators must continue to manually configure virtual circuits for different stakeholders to accommodate configuration conflicts, quality of service (QoS), and service policies. This paper proposes a BoD framework called AutoNET to provide a set of BoD services with independent abstract topologies, resource allocation, and different QoS levels. User authorization is employed to control the eligibility to access a given BoD service. AutoNET uses the extended On-Demand Secure Circuits and Advance Reservation System (OSCARS) as controller software and MultiProtocol Label Switching (MPLS) as a transport technology.
A model for designing adaptable software components (2002)

The widespread construction of software systems from pre-existing, independently developed software components will only occur when application builders can adapt software components to suit their needs. We propose that software components provide two interfaces-one for behavior and one for adapting that behavior as needed. The ADAPT framework presented in the paper supports both component designers in creating components that can easily be adapted, and application builders in adapting software components. The motivating example, using Java-Beans, shows how adaptation, not customization, is the key to component based software.
Collagen and the Proliferation and Differentiation of Rat Ventral Prostate Epithelial Cells1 (1985)

The purpose of this study was to determine if a cause-and-effect relationship exists between androgen-induced changes in collagen and epithelial cell proliferation and/or differentiation in rat ventral prostate. Analyses of the temporal relationship between dihydrotestosterone (DHT)-induced changes in the synthesis and levels of collagen in the regressed ventral prostates of adult castrates demonstrated that, during the first 7 days of restoration of prostatic growth, androgen increased the synthesis as well as the degradation of collagen. Cis-hydroxyproline (CHP) treatment (2-200 mg/kg) during the first 7 days of androgen-stimulated prostatic growth, combined with maintenance of animals on a proline-free diet, produced a dose-dependent reduction in prostate weight and DNA content to a maximum of 50%. The epithelium was characterized by numerous disorganized layers of irregularly shaped and tightly packed cells, many of which had no contact with the basal lamina. There was a loss of epithelial lamina lucida and the development of a ragged lamina densa. Cis-hydroxyproline effects were reversible in that, following cessation of CHP treatment, the perturbed morphology, DNA content, and organ weight returned to the range of DHT-treated controls. Collagenous components seem to be important in supporting the normal androgen-dependent proliferation and differentiation of prostatic epithelial cells.
A Wafer-Level Hermetic Encapsulation for MEMS Manufacture Application (2006)

In order to simplify the processing complexity and cut down the manufacturing cost, a new wafer bonding technique using ultraviolet (UV) curable adhesive is introduced here for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device packaging and manufacturing applications. UV curable adhesive is cured through UV light exposure without any heating process that is suitable for the packaging of temperature-sensitive materials or devices. A Pyrex 7740 glass is chemically wet etched to form microcavities and utilized as the protection cap substrate. After a UV-curable adhesive is spin-coated onto the glass substrate, the substrate is then aligned and bonded through UV light exposure with a device substrate below. Electrical contact pad opening and die separation are done simultaneously by dicing. Two different testing devices, a dew point sensor and capacitive accelerometer, are built to evaluate the package strength and hermeticity. After the dicing process, no structural damage or stiction phenomenon is found in the packaged parallel capacitor. The acceleration test results also indicate that the package using the Loctite 3491 UV adhesive with 150 /spl mu/m bond width can survive more than 300 days at a 25/spl deg/C and 100% relative humidity working environment.
Peptic ulcer: from epidemiology to cause. (1989)

Any postulate that attempts to explain the aetiology of peptic ulcer must take into consideration a number of established facts. (i) At the beginning of the 20th century there was a steep rise in the incidence of peptic ulcers. Over the past 2 decades, trends have shown a significant decline in some Western countries, such as the United Kingdom, and a significant rise in certain Asian countries, such as Hong Kong and Singapore. (ii) There are marked geographical variations in incidence (for example, it is five times more common in Hong Kong than in Sydney), male: female ratio (for example, 1:1 in USA and 17:1 in India), duodenal ulcer (DU): gastric ulcer (GU) ratio (for example, 0.8:1 in Japan and 32:1 in India), and placebo healing rates. (iii) There is genetic heterogeneity. (iv) A proportion of patients has gastric hyperacidity. (v) Ulcer healing is speeded up by the reduction of gastric acidity, but usually only when the stomach is made relatively hypochlorhydric. (vi) Chronic antral gastritic occurs in 90% of DU and 70% of GU cases. (vii) Ulcer occurs most commonly at the duodenal bulb for DU and at the incisura for GU. No single causative factor can explain these facts, and the aetiology must, therefore, be heterogeneous. Cigarette smoking, ingestion of aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents and environmental stress are reasonably well-established factors. Current evidence indicates that Campylobacter pylori is causally related to antral gastritis but not to peptic ulcer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Controlled fabrication of aligned carbon nanotube architectures for microelectronics packaging applications (2007)

This thesis is devoted to the fabrication of carbon nanotube structures for microelectronics packaging applications with an emphasis on fundamental studies of nanotube growth and assembly, wetting of nanotube structures, and nanotube-based composites. A CVD process is developed that allows controlled growth of a variety of CNT structures, such as CNT films, bundles, and stacks. Use of an Al2O3 support enhances the Fe catalyst activity by increasing the CNT growth rate by nearly two orders of magnitude under the same growth conditions. By introducing a trace amount of weak oxidants into the CVD chamber during CNT growth, aligned CNT ends can be opened and/or functionalized, depending on the selection of oxidants. By varying the growth temperature, CNT growth can be performed in a gas diffusion- or kinetics-controlled regime.\nTo overcome the challenges that impede implementation of CNTs in circuitry, a CNT transfer process was proposed to assemble aligned CNT structures (films, stacks &bundles) at low temperature which ensures compatibility with current microelectronics fabrication sequences and technology. Field emission and electrical testing of the as-assembled CNT devices indicate good electrical contact between CNTs and solder and a very low contact resistance across CNT/solder interfaces. For attachment of CNTs and other applications (e.g. composites), wetting of nanotube structures was studied. Two model surfaces with two-tier scale roughness were fabricated by controlled growth of CNT arrays followed by coating with fluorocarbon layers formed by plasma polymerization to study roughness geometric effects on superhydrophobicity. Due to the hydrophobicity of nanotube structures, electrowetting was investigated to reduce the hydrophobicity of aligned CNTs by controllably reducing the interfacial tension between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and liquids. Electrowetting can greatly reduce the contact angle of liquids on the surfaces of aligned CNT films. However, contact angle saturation still occurs.\nVariable frequency microwave (VFM) radiation can greatly improve the CNT/epoxy interfacial bonding strength. Compared to composites cured by thermal heating, VFM-cured composites demonstrate higher CNT/matrix interfacial bonding strength, which is reflected in composite negative thermal expansion. The improved CNT/epoxy interface enhances the thermal conductivity of the composites by 26-30%.
Statistically based parametric yield prediction for integrated circuits (1997)

This paper presents a novel procedure for predicting integrated circuit parametric performance and yield when provided with sample transistor test results and a circuit schematic. Two enhancements to the existing Monte Carlo simulation procedures are described: (1) a multivariate nested model is used to reproduce random process-induced device-variations, rather than the multivariate multinormal model typically used, and (2) the stochastic Monte Carlo method for mapping process variability into a performance distribution is replaced with a deterministic mapping technique. The use of multivariate nested distributions allows estimation not only of correlation between various model parameters, but also allows each of those variations to be apportioned among the various stages of the process (i.e., wafer to wafer, lot to lot, etc.). This allows matched devices to be more accurately simulated, without having to develop customized models for each configuration of matching, and provides focus for process improvement efforts into those areas with the maximum potential reward. The use of deterministic mapping provides simulation results which are repeatable and do not rely on chance to insure that the process parameter space has been evenly explored. A software package which implements the entire procedure has been written in C++.
Silicon raised strip waveguides based on silicon and silicon dioxide thermal bonding (1997)

Si raised strip waveguides on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> have been proposed and fabricated, which are based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material. In the waveguides, the SOI technique utilizes silicon and silicon dioxide thermal bonding and back-polishing. An anisotropic etchant is used to produce the trapezoidal Si raised strip waveguides by etching the Si film down to the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> etch-stop buried layer. The transmission losses of the Si waveguides are measured to be less than 0.2 dB/cm at the 1.3 μm wavelength for the lowest mode TE-like mode.
Purification and Characterization of the Lipid A Component of the Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli<sup>*</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPurification and Characterization of the Lipid A Component of the Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli*Alice J. Burton and H. E. CarterCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 3, 411–418Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00891a018https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00891a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Consideration of supporting the multimedia Emergency Services in VoIP (2009)

It is important issue to support emergency service in VoIP, because many users want to use the emergency service like PSTN network. Emergency Service for VoIP is provided through PSTN network in Korea, only audio data can get to the emergency agent. VoIP terminals can create and send audio and video and image in the emergency call because of the VoIP terminal capabilities. Unfortunately the existing mechanism to support emergency call is not appropriate to transfer multimedia data to emergency agent. If PSAP gets video date as well as audio, it will be very useful to rescue somebody who is in dangerous. In this paper, we will consider and suggest the method to support the multimedia services to PSAP in VoIP emergency call.
VHF free-free beam high-Q micromechanical resonators (1999)

Free-free beam, flexural-mode, micromechanical resonators utilizing non-intrusive supports to achieve measured Q's as high as 8,400 at VHF frequencies from 30-90 MHz are demonstrated in a polysilicon surface micromachining technology. The subject microresonators feature torsional-mode support springs that effectively isolate the resonator beam from its anchors via quarter-wavelength impedance transformations, minimizing anchor dissipation and allowing these resonators to achieve high Q with high stiffness in the VHF frequency range.
Casein kinase I phosphorylates and destabilizes the β-catenin degradation complex (2002)

Wnt signaling plays a key role in cell proliferation and development. Recently, casein kinase I (CKI) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) have emerged as positive and negative regulators of the Wnt pathway, respectively. However, it is not clear how these two enzymes with opposing functions regulate Wnt signaling. Here we show that both CKI delta and CKI epsilon interacted directly with Dvl-1, and that CKI phosphorylated multiple components of the Wnt-regulated beta-catenin degradation complex in vitro, including Dvl-1, adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), axin, and beta-catenin. Comparison of peptide maps from in vivo and in vitro phosphorylated beta-catenin and axin suggests that CKI phosphorylates these proteins in vivo as well. CKI abrogated beta-catenin degradation in Xenopus egg extracts. Notably, CKI decreased, whereas inhibition of CKI increased, the association of PP2A with the beta-catenin degradation complex in vitro. Additionally, inhibition of CKI in vivo stabilized the beta-catenin degradation complex, suggesting that CKI actively destabilizes the complex in vivo. The ability of CKI to induce secondary body axes in Xenopus embryos was reduced by the B56 regulatory subunit of PP2A, and kinase-dead CKI epsilon acted synergistically with B56 in inhibiting Wnt signaling. The data suggest that CKI phosphorylates and destabilizes the beta-catenin degradation complex, likely through the dissociation of PP2A, providing a mechanism by which CKI stabilizes beta-catenin and propagates the Wnt signal.
Fluorotrimethylsilane affinities of anionic nucleophiles: A study of fluoride-induced desilylation (2005)

In this study, preparation and decomposition of five novel pentavalent fluorosiliconates, RSi(CH3)3F- (R = CH3CH2O, CF3CH2O, (CH3)2CHO, (CH3)3SiO, and (CH3)3SiNH) is used to investigate the process of fluoride-induced desilylation. The siliconates were characterized by collision-induced dissociation and energy-resolved mass spectrometry. Decomposition of RSi(CH3)3F- leads to loss of the nucleophile R- and FSi(CH3)3, except in the case of (CH3)3SiNHSi(CH3)3F-, where HF loss is also observed. Ion affinities for FSi(CH3)3 have been measured for all five nucleophiles, and compare well with computational predictions. The observed trend of the bond dissociation energies resembles the trend of deltaH(acid) values for the corresponding conjugate acids, RH. Additionally, this data has been incorporated with existing thermochemistry to derive fluoride affinities for four of the silanes (R = CH3CH2O, (CH3)2CHO, (CH3)3SiO, and (CH3)3SiNH). We use the fluoride affinity of the silanes and the FSi(CH3)3 affinity of the departing nucleophilic anion to assess the feasibility of fluoride-induced desilylation of the silanes examined in this work.
Continuous Delivery? Easy! Just Change Everything (Well, Maybe It Is Not That Easy) (2013)

Rally Software transitioned from shipping code every eight-weeks, with time-boxed Scrum sprints, to a model of continuous delivery with Kanban. The team encountered complex challenges with their build systems, automated test suites, customer enablement, and internal communication. But there was light at the end of the tunnel - greater control and flexibility over feature releases, incremental delivery of value, lower risks, fewer defects, easier on-boarding of new developers, less off-hours work, and a considerable up tick in confidence. This experience report describes the journey to continuous delivery with the aim that others can learn from our mistakes and get their teams deploying more frequently. We will describe and contrast this transition from the business (product management) and engineering perspectives.
Studies on Nocardamin and its Related Compounds. II (1961)

Stoll and others proposed a structural formula for nocardamin but there are no reports on its synthesis. In order to confirm this structure by synthesis, 1-p-tosyl-2-azetidineëthanol was prepared earlier but attempted cleavage of its tosyl group did not materialize. Therefore, this synthetic route was changed to the Gabriel reaction of 1-p-tosyl-2-(2-bromoethyl) azetidine to form 1-p-tosyl-2-(2-p-toluenesulfonamidoethyl)-azetidine whose tosyl group was successfully cleaved by treatment with metallic sodium in liquid ammonia. This method was utilized for synthesis of 2-(2-aminoethyl) azetidine.