gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software reusability with SML (2002)

Describes the features and design of SML, an integrated Software Module Library management system aimed at encouraging the reuse of software. SML aims at providing a user-friendly interface and an easy-to-use system in which software engineers can donate routines for use by other engineers, as well as retrieve software modules contributed by other engineers, resulting in improved productivity. To prevent user abuse, SML contains built-in checks using a credit facility to ensure that engineers contribute to SML besides merely retrieving from it. Security considerations in SML include access control checks to ensure that only authorized users can gain access to the system, and encryption facilities to prevent users from bypassing SML and directly accessing the routine library. Quality control is also enforced in SML through a decentralized user feedback mechanism, to maintain the high quality of routines contributed to the library.
Effectively Visualizing the Spatial Structure of Cerebral Blood Vessels (2013)

Three-dimensional visualizations of cerebral vessel structures are helpful for diagnosing diseases. However, when viewing several overlapping cerebral vessels using traditional ray casting, it's difficult to decide clear depth ordering. As a solution, distance color blending and stereoscopic depth enhancement are combined with CUDA-based pre-integrated volume rendering and its advanced transfer function for improved depth perception.
Antiproton Boosted Microfission (1991)

Antiprotons have been shown to be a strong source of neutrons and pions, which under conditions of high density, enable a significant reduction in burn time, and hence size, of fissile targets. Tests of antiproton boosted microfission are possible at this time, even with presently limited numbers of antiprotons available. Results of calculations, possible applications and proposed experiments are discussed.
Genetic Testing, Insurance Economics, and Societal Responsibility (1999)

Abstract Three major perspectives emerge when the discussion of the implications of genetic testing on the insurance industry commences. One viewpoint, strongly advocated by certain consumer groups and ethicists on the basis of societal responsibility, categorically denies any necessity for connecting the results of genetic testing and issuance of insurance. By contrast, the insurance industry, upon examining the economics and dynamics of participation in voluntary insurance markets, lives in fear of a world filled with asymmetrical information (counter to the axioms for competitive markets), adverse selection (action by the insured as a result of asymmetric information to the perceived economic disadvantage of the insurer), and ultimately even the possibility of potential market failure or insurance company insolvency. An actuarial perspective considering the benefits (to the insurer) of this new genetic information concentrates primarily on the possibility of developing improved quantitative assessments of risk and better calculations of the actuarial present value of future loss costs based on the new statistically significant information gained from genetic testing. The strengths and weaknesses and facts and fallacies of each of these perspectives are examined in this paper, and potential solutions to the ultimate role of genetic testing in insurance underwriting and rate making are considered from the perspectives of the major players in this debate.
Effects of estrogen and progesterone on luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels: consideration of temporal and neuroanatomical variables (1995)

We examined temporal effects of estradiol (E2) and progesterone on cellular levels of LHRH messenger RNA (mRNA) in several brain regions. Female rats were ovariectomized and implanted with SILASTIC brand capsules of oil or E2 1 week later (day 0). Progesterone capsules were implanted on the morning of day 2. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, we found that on day 2, E2 induced a complex temporal pattern of changes in LHRH mRNA levels. Levels in ovariectomized E2-treated animals were lower than control values in the morning, then increased before the LH surge and declined again as the surge waned. The magnitude of these changes was greatest in neurons of the rostral preoptic area/organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, but a similar pattern was detected in neurons of the medial preoptic area. No changes were seen in neurons of the diagonal band of Broca. Our finding that the effect of E2 on LHRH mRNA levels depends on the time of day and brain region examined largely reconciles discrepancies among previous studies. Progesterone triggered events that advanced the onset of and augmented the LH surge, but had no effect on LHRH mRNA levels. These findings support the hypothesis that the mechanism by which E2 induces region-specific changes in LHRH mRNA levels before the surge is separate from the progesterone-amplified mechanism that induces LHRH release.
Green luminescent center in undoped zinc oxide films deposited on silicon substrates (2001)

The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the undoped ZnO films deposited on Si substrates by dc reactive sputtering have been studied. There are two emission peaks, centered at 3.18 eV (UV) and 2.38 eV (green). The variation of these peak intensities and that of the I–V properties of the ZnO/Si heterojunctions were investigated at different annealing temperatures and atmospheres. The defect levels in ZnO films were also calculated using the method of full-potential linear muffin-tin orbital. It is concluded that the green emission corresponds to the local level composed by oxide antisite defect OZn rather than oxygen vacancy VO, zinc vacancy VZn, interstitial zinc Zni, and interstitial oxygen Oi.
Classification of power system disturbances using a fuzzy expert system and a Fourier linear combiner (2000)

This paper presents a hybrid scheme using a Fourier linear combiner and a fuzzy expert system for the classification of transient disturbance waveforms in a power system. The captured voltage or current waveforms are passed through a Fourier linear combiner block to provide normalized peak amplitude and phase at every sampling instant. The normalized peak amplitude and computed slope of the waveforms are then passed on to a diagnostic module that computes the truth value of the signal combination and determines the class to which the waveform belongs. Several numerical tests have been conducted using EMTP programs to validate the disturbance waveform classification with the help of the new hybrid approach which is much simpler than the recently postulated ANN or wavelet based approaches.
Structural determinants of APOBEC3B non-catalytic domain for molecular assembly and catalytic regulation (2017)

The catalytic activity of human cytidine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) has been correlated with kataegic mutational patterns within multiple cancer types. The molecular basis of how the N-terminal non-catalytic CD1 regulates the catalytic activity and consequently, biological function of A3B remains relatively unknown. Here, we report the crystal structure of a soluble human A3B-CD1 variant and delineate several structural elements of CD1 involved in molecular assembly, nucleic acid interactions and catalytic regulation of A3B. We show that (i) A3B expressed in human cells exists in hypoactive high-molecular-weight (HMW) complexes, which can be activated without apparent dissociation into low-molecular-weight (LMW) species after RNase A treatment. (ii) Multiple surface hydrophobic residues of CD1 mediate the HMW complex assembly and affect the catalytic activity, including one tryptophan residue W127 that likely acts through regulating nucleic acid binding. (iii) One of the highly positively charged surfaces on CD1 is involved in RNA-dependent attenuation of A3B catalysis. (iv) Surface hydrophobic residues of CD1 are involved in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) binding to A3B. The structural and biochemical insights described here suggest that unique structural features on CD1 regulate the molecular assembly and catalytic activity of A3B through distinct mechanisms.
Automatic orthorectification and mosaicking of oblique images from a zoom lens aerial camera (2015)

For the purpose of image distortion caused by the oblique photography of a zoom lens aerial camera, a fast and accurate image autorectification and mosaicking method in a ground control points (GCPs)-free environment was proposed. With the availability of integrated global positioning system (GPS) and inertial measurement units, the camera’s exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) were solved through direct georeferencing. The one-parameter division model was adopted to estimate the distortion coefficient and the distortion center coordinates for the zoom lens to correct the lens distortion. Using the camera’s EOPs and the lens distortion parameters, the oblique aerial images specified in the camera frame were geo-orthorectified into the mapping frame and then were mosaicked together based on the mapping coordinates to produce a larger field and high-resolution georeferenced image. Experimental results showed that the orthorectification error was less than 1.80 m at an 1100 m flight height above ground level, when compared with 14 presurveyed ground checkpoints which were measured by differential GPS. The mosaic error was about 1.57 m compared with 18 checkpoints. The accuracy was considered sufficient for urgent response such as military reconnaissance and disaster monitoring where GCPs were not available.
EFFECT OF THE CITRATE ION ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF TIN AND STEEL (2007)

The present work tries to do a contribution to the knowledge of the electrochemical behavior of tinplate containers in citrate ion medium and the role that citrate ion concentration plays on the stability of the containers; all that, through the individual electrochemical study of the materials of which the tinplate is made, steel and tin. The study was done by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance on electrodes made with both materials, immersed in solutions of different citrate concentrations at pH 3,0. It was evidenced that the citrate ion has a remarkable effect of anodic depolarization on tin with the formation of soluble and stable complexes. This causes that tin becomes anodic with respect to the steel being able to grant an anticorrosive protection to the steel substrate of the tinplate containers.
Body composition assessment methods: A systematic review and recommendations (2009)

BACKGROUND: Obesity is linked to health-compromising conditions and disproportionately affects African American women. Accurate assessment of body composition is essential and may vary by method and ethnicity. Body mass index (BMI), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) are common methods of body composition assessment used in previous studies. BMI is inexpensive, non-invasive, and requires little training but is not a direct measure of body fat percentage (BF%), which has led to under- and over-estimation of adiposity based on ethnicity[1]. BIA is also non-invasive and requires little training and measures BF % but requires generalizable and population specific equations, which limit the ability to cross-validate findings for populations of interest, such as African Americans. DXA provides a direct measure of BF%, which can specify adiposity in regions of interest, and is often identified as a “reference method, ” to which other methods of body composition are compared. However, DXA equipment is expensive, requires trained personnel to operate it and may underestimate BF%, allowing for continued use of BMI and BIA as acceptable measures of body composition. Previous studies have compared body
Low expression of SerpinB2 is associated with reduced survival in lung adenocarcinomas (2017)

// Maria Ramnefjell 1 , Christina Aamelfot 2 , Lars Helgeland 3 and Lars A. Akslen 1,3 1 Centre for Cancer Biomarkers CCBIO, Department of Clinical Medicine, Section for Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway 2 Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway 3 Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway Correspondence to: Lars A. Akslen, email: // Keywords : lung cancer, metastases, SerpinB2, neuroserpin, L1CAM, Pathology Section Received : March 16, 2017 Accepted : September 22, 2017 Published : October 03, 2017 Abstract Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and new biomarkers are of utmost importance. Studies have indicated that the anti-plasminogen activators SerpinB2 and Neuroserpin, and the adhesion molecule L1CAM, have a coordinated impact on development of metastasis. Here, we examined whether expression of these markers was associated with clinico-pathologic characteristics and prognosis in resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Surgical specimens from 438 NSCLC patients treated at Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway (1993-2010) were included (median age 68 years; 213 adenocarcinomas, 135 squamous cell carcinomas, 90 others). Representative tumor sections were stained for SerpinB2, Neuroserpin, and L1CAM. Low expression of SerpinB2 was associated with reduced lung cancer specific survival (LCSS) in adenocarcinomas ( p = 0.017), also in stage I ( p = 0.031). In contrast, high SerpinB2 was associated with reduced LCSS in stage I squamous cell carcinomas ( p = 0.022). Although Neuroserpin and L1CAM showed some associations with clinico-pathologic phenotype, there were no associations with survival. In multivariate survival analysis of adenocarcinomas, low SerpinB2 demonstrated independent prognostic value (HR 1.8, p = 0.008). In summary, low expression of SerpinB2 in lung adenocarcinomas was an independent prognostic factor. In contrast to findings by others, we found no impact of L1CAM on survival.
Work-input model for assembly and disassembly of high shoring towers (2000)

High shoring towers, the common shoring solution for high clearance construction, cause the entire formwork system to account for a remarkably high percentage of the cost of the constructed concrete element. However, data on work inputs in assembly and disassembly of high towers are scarce, and the reason lies in the difficulty in conducting the numerous work studies that would be needed to cover the wide variety of tower types offered by the market and the extensive range of heights to which towers are erected. A model is presented, based on a limited number of work studies, for the prediction of work inputs in the assembly and disassembly of shoring towers of two configurations, rising to heights of up to 30 m. Results of actual measured work input data for three tower models representing three tower types widely used on construction sites are presented. An insight is provided into the anatomy of tower erection, which should make possible use of the proposed methodology for the development of similar models for additional tower types.
The history of noise [on the 100th anniversary of its birth] (2005)

In this paper, the author conveys some of the vibrant history of noise that has been involved in the solution of some of the greatest scientific, mathematical, and technological problems. This paper aims to show that the history of noise is an exciting story filled with drama and worth telling.
FFT-based block sequential least squares adaptive FIR equalizer for terrestrial HDTV broadcasting (1997)

We present an FFT-based block sequential least squares adaptive FIR equalizer for terrestrial HDTV broadcasting. This equalizer provides fast convergent rate as well as good numerical stability. Of great significance is its drastic reduction in computational complexity by means of efficient FFT technology and block operation. Simulation results show that the equalizer achieves almost 2.5 dB SNR improvement at a bit error rate of 3/spl times/10/sup -6/ with almost the same computational complexity relative to the LMS decision feedback equalizer (DFE) recommended by the Grand Alliance.
Arbitration or Litigation? Private Choice as a Political Matter (2016)

The Federal Arbitration Act and New York Convention solidified U.S. law on arbitration and have together been read by the courts to result in a strong federal policy in favor of arbitration. Party autonomy to choose a court for resolution of a private dispute came later in the United States, but now receives similar deference in the courts, largely as a result of the 1972 Supreme Court decision in Bremen v. Zapata. What began as a body of federal common law on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments now is found in state statutes and common law which, while uniform on the surface, is fragmented in its application. The recognition and enforcement of both choice of court agreements and the resulting judgments would receive treatment similar to that for arbitral afreements and awards if teh United States were to ratify and implement the 2005 Hague Convention on Choice of Court Agreements. But political disagreements are preventing the U.S. from becoming a party to that Convention, despite widespread agreement that implementation of its rules would be good for U.S. constituencies.\nThis paper presents and compares the current framework for enforcement of choice of forum agreements and the resulting decisions in both the arbitration and litigation contexts. In doing so, it considers the similaritues and differences in the New York and Hague Conventions that should be considered when choosing a forum in international commercial contracts. It then considers the decisions (of a political as well as legal nature) that must be made by states upon entry into either of these treaty systems - particularly in the form of available declarations. Finally, it considers how the current political environment is affecting private international law development and the implications that process may have for the future.
Comparison of the two major classes of assembly algorithms: overlap-layout-consensus and de-bruijn-graph (2011)

Since the completion of the cucumber and panda genome projects using Illumina sequencing in 2009, the global scientific community has had to pay much more attention to this new cost-effective approach to generate the draft sequence of large genomes. To allow new users to more easily understand the assembly algorithms and the optimum software packages for their projects, we make a detailed comparison of the two major classes of assembly algorithms: overlap-layout-consensus and de-bruijn-graph, from how they match the Lander-Waterman model, to the required sequencing depth and reads length. We also discuss the computational efficiency of each class of algorithm, the influence of repeats and heterozygosity and points of note in the subsequent scaffold linkage and gap closure steps. We hope this review can help further promote the application of second-generation de novo sequencing, as well as aid the future development of assembly algorithms.
Analysis of Flavanols in Beverages by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Chemical Reaction Detection (1998)

A screening method, which allows the simple and rapid determination of the flavanolic composition of plant and food extracts, has been developed. The method is based on a postcolumn chemical reaction with p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde with detection at 640 nm after HPLC separation and measurement of the UV absorbance at 280 nm in a diode array detector. This approach allows one not only to obtain the flavanol profiles of the samples but also to characterize the compounds present in the chromatograms through their A640/A280 absorbance ratio combined with the retention time and the UV spectrum. The advantages of this procedure are shown by applying it to the study of the flavanol composition of some beverages, including red wine, beer, apple cider, and sour cherry and blackthorn fruit liqueurs. Keywords: Flavan-3-ols; procyanidins; prodelphinidins; beverages; wine; beer; cider
XDR: External Data Representation Standard (2006)

This document describes the External Data Representation Standard
(XDR) protocol as it is currently deployed and accepted. This document
obsoletes RFC 1832. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Toward real-time detection of critical contingency of large power systems (2013)

On-line Transient Stability Assessment (TSA) program can fast identify a list of critical contingencies. A real-time critical contingency (RTCC) detection system is to detect, on the basis of the real-time measurements provided by PMUs and the list of critical contingencies, the occurrence of a critical contingency is presented. The RTCC detection system is composed of five detectors. Each of them is designed and placed in a sequential order so as to achieve absolute capture of the occurrence of critical contingencies. The system has been evaluated in 2 test systems and one large-scale power systems with very promising results. The effectiveness of the developed critical contingency detection system is evaluated on 96 contingencies of a 10-machine, 39-bus power system, on 108 contingencies of a 50-generator, 145-bus power system and on 4588 contingencies of a 313-machine, 1648-bus power system.
Effect of terrain bounce jamming on missile guidance in a sea environment (2013)

The signal received by the missile seeker is processed in the monopulse receiver to determine the direction (bearing and elevation) of the target. The sum and difference voltages generated by the signal are electronically manipulated to obtain the boresight error (angle) to the missile seeker. This angle is processed to provide appropriate guidance to the missile. In the presence of multipath in sea environment, this signal is a combination of the direct target return and a return seemingly emanating from the target image beneath the sea surface. This concept of multipath is utilized in terrain bounce jamming to jam the missile seeker. This paper focuses on the study of the effect of terrain bounce jamming on missile guidance based on analysing the boresight error to the missile seeker.
Mechanisms of tissue destruction following cryosurgery. (1984)

Destruction of diseased tissue in situ by means of freezing is well established in many branches of surgery. The tissues are apparently unaltered at thaw but progressive necrosis ensues. There is controversy as to whether tissue death is principally due to the direct effects of freezing or to subsequent ischaemia. Studies at the ultrastructural level show that ice-crystals are formed within the cells during cryosurgery, that resultant cell damage is osmotic rather than mechanical and that microcirculatory changes are secondary in terms of the chronological development of tissue necrosis.
Hashed and hierarchical timing wheels: data structures for the efficient implementation of a timer facility (1987)

Conventional algorithms to implement an Operating System timer module take Ο(n) time to start or maintain a timer, where n is the number of outstanding timers: this is expensive for large n. This paper begins by exploring the relationship between timer algorithms, time flow mechanisms used in discrete event simulations, and sorting techniques. Next a timer algorithm for small timer intervals is presented that is similar to the timing wheel technique used in logic simulators. By using a circular buffer or timing wheel, it takes Ο(1) time to start, stop, and maintain timers within the range of the wheel.