gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate diffuse reflection measurements in the infrared spectral range (1987)

A sphere arrangement for directional-hemispherical reflectance measurements in the 1-15-microm wavelength range is tested for its accuracy. Comparative measurements with the fundamental PTB sphere reflectometer in the overlapping spectral range between 1.0 and 1.1 microm indicate no systematic measurement uncertainties of the new device. The uncertainty of the reflectance measured by it is therefrom deduced to be +/-0.01 for the 1-5.6-microm wavelength range.
Learning discriminative low-rank representation for image classification (2014)

Low-rank representation (LRR) efficiently performs the subspace segmentation and feature extraction from corrupted data. However, there are three disadvantages in existing LRR techniques. First, the inference algorithm of LRR (as a generative model) is computationally expensive. Second, LRR ignores the discriminative information for image classification. Third, although the robust representation is implemented by recovering the low-rank components and the sparse noises, it has been limited due to the constrained assumption that noises is sparse. To solve these problems, and inspired by Denoising Autoencoders (DAE) and Contractive Autoencoders (CAE), this paper proposes a discriminative low-rank representations framework (DLRR) for image classification. We directly learn a discriminative projection dictionary that results in fast inference. Simultaneously, DLRR can obtain a robust representation from any corrupted input. Our implementation of DLRR achieves state-of-the-art results on artificial dataset and dataset of Olivetti Face Patches.
Mackinder's eagle owl Bubo capensis mackinderi breeding in the Kenyan Rift Valley (1987)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Potassium Flux through Gramicidin Ion Channels Is Augmented in Vesicles Comprising Plasmenylcholine: Correlations between Gramicidin Conformation and Function in Chemically Distinct Host Bilayer Matrixes (1995)

The functional role of distinct phospholipid subclasses and molecular species in modulating gramicidin-mediated K+ flux was characterized through quantification of changes in the fluorescence intensity of ion specific fluorescent probes encapsulated inside vesicles comprised of individual molecular species of plasmenylcholine and phosphatidylcholine. The rate constant of gramicidin-mediated K+ ion flux across bilayers comprised of 1-O-(Z)-hexadec-1'-enyl-2-octadec-9'-enoyl-sn-glycero-3-p hos phocholine (plasmenylcholine) was 18.9 +/- 1.7 s-1, while that present across bilayers comprised of 1-hexadecanoyl-2-octadec-9'-enoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (phosphatidylcholine) was 12.3 +/- 1.5 s-1. The observed changes were not due to alterations in the nature of the sn-2 aliphatic chain or the net surface charge present at the membrane interface and were unaltered by the addition of several amphiphilic agents (including charged amphiphiles), suggesting that the observed alterations specifically reflect changes in channel function which result from the covalent alteration of host phospholipid in the proximal portion of the sn-1 aliphatic chain (i.e., phospholipid subclass-specific alterations). Addition of cholesterol to bilayer matrices comprised of plasmenylcholine resulted in dose-dependent attenuation of the rate of gramicidin-mediated K+ flux, but did not alter the rate of gramicidin-mediated K+ flux in membranes comprised of phosphatidylcholine. Gramicidin ion channels experience distinct environments in membranes comprised of phosphatidylcholine and plasmenylcholine host lipids demonstrated by both the different fluorescence anisotropies of endogenous tryptophan residues and the different C=O stretching frequencies of intramonomer carbonyls in gramicidin incorporated into these two choline glycerophospholipid subclasses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spoken Query Processing for Information Retrieval (2007)

This work proposes a way to integrate an information retrieval (IR) system with an automatic speech recognition (ASR) engine to support natural spoken queries. A broader interaction between the two modules is achieved by transmitting a lattice of terms to the IR system. This is in contrast with conventional systems where only the best-path recognition output is transmitted. Acoustic scores associated with the term-lattice are used to weigh the terms. A latent semantic indexing (LSI) scheme in which documents and terms are mapped to a single reduced feature-space with 400 semantic components is used. The conventional LSI method is nevertheless modified to allow the aforementioned broader interaction between acoustic hypothesis and semantic determination. The results show that the proposed method moderately outperforms the traditional approach for spoken queries formulated as casual phrases.
Depletion Performance of Gas-Condensate Reservoirs (1996)

Distinguished Author Series articles are general, descriptive representations that summarize the state of the art in an area of technology by describing recent developments for readers who are not specialists in the topics discussed. Written by individuals recognized as experts in the area, these articles provide key references to more definitive work and present specific details only to illustrate the technology. Purpose: to inform the general readership of recent advances in various areas of petroleum engineering. Introduction This paper reviews basic methods for evaluating the depletion performance of a well producing a gas-condensate fluid. In particular, we discuss initial gas-in-place estimates, inflow-performance relationships, the development and behavior of liquid saturations over both time and drainage area, and the interpretation of pressure-transient tests. Every aspect of these calculations for depletion of a gas-condensate, or any other essentially two-phase system, is implicitly dictated by the interaction between the fluid properties of the initial gas-in-place and the relative permeability properties of the reservoir rock. The simple steady-state theory forms a useful framework for understanding these interactions and often yields practical approximations for some important quantities. This theory and its relationship to commonly available laboratory measurements form the foundation for many of the methods discussed. Fluid Determination, Properties, and Descriptions Classification of a reservoir fluid as a black oil, volatile oil, gas condensate, wet gas, or dry gas is important because application of appropriate engineering practices to predict reserves and rates traditionally requires this knowledge. Fig. 1 is a schematic of a pressure/temperature (p-T) diagram for a multicomponent hydrocarbon mixture of constant composition. The region inside the envelope formed by the bubblepoint curve, critical point (C), and dewpoint curve is where liquid and vapor exist in equilibrium. Lines of constant liquid volume are shown inside this region. Fluids initially at temperature and pressure Positions I through V would be classified as a black oil, volatile oil, gas condensate, wet gas, and dry gas, respectively. Gas condensates are separated from the other fluid types by two characteristics: the condensation of a liquid phase at reservoir conditions during isothermal depletion and the retrograde (revaporization) nature of this condensation. Retrograde behavior of the condensing liquid phase can be seen by tracing the change in liquid volume along the constant-temperature line beginning at Point M in Fig. 1. After crossing the dewpoint line, the volume of liquid increases to approximately 10%at Point N and then begins to decrease with continued reduction in pressure.
Uranium as an Activator-II1, 2 (1929)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Mabel K. Slattery, "Uranium as an Activator-II1, 2," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 19, 175-186 (1929) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
From correlation to causation networks: a simple approximate learning algorithm and its application to high-dimensional plant gene expression data (2007)

The proposed approach is a heuristic algorithm that is based on a number of approximations, such as substituting lower order partial correlations by full order partial correlations. Nevertheless, for small samples and for sparse networks the algorithm not only yield sensible first order approximations of the causal structure in high-dimensional genomic data but is also computationally highly efficient. AVAILABILITY AND REQUIREMENTS: The method is implemented in the "GeneNet" R package (version 1.2.0), available from CRAN and from http://strimmerlab.org/software/genets/. The software includes an R script for reproducing the network analysis of the Arabidopsis thaliana data.
The Preparation of the Kiwi Chiffon Cake (2016)

The kiwi chiffon cake was developed with flour, egg and kiwi. The optimum formula of the kiwi chif-fon cake was kiwi 4.3%, sugar 35%, Tartar powder 0.5%by the single-factor experiment and response sur-face. The kiwi chiffon cake was soft, smooth, suitable in taste and uniform in texture, exhibiting a strong kiwi flavor.
Multiscale grooved titanium processed with femtosecond laser influences mesenchymal stem cell morphology, adhesion, and matrix organization (2012)

The femtosecond laser processing enabled the structuring of six types of surfaces on titanium-6aluminium-4vanadium (Ti-6Al-4V) plates. The obtained hierarchical features consisted of a combination of microgrooves and oriented nanostructures. By adjusting beam properties such as laser polarization, the width of the microgrooves (20 or 60 μm) and the orientation of the nanostructures (parallel or perpendicular to the microgrooves) can be precisely controlled. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) grown on these structured surfaces produced cytoplasmic extensions with focal contacts, while on the smooth titanium, the cells were found to be well spread and without any focal contact 12 h postseeding. The 600-nm wide nanostructures on their own were sufficient to orient the MSCs. For the multiscale structured areas, when the orientation of the nanostructures was orthogonal in relation to the microgrooves, there was an important decrease in or even a loss of cell alignment signifying that cells were sensitive to the directional nanostructures in the microgrooves. At 7 days, cell proliferation was not affected but the direction of nanostructures controlled the matrix organization. The ultrafast laser, as a new method for producing micro-nanohybrid surfaces, is a promising approach to promote desired tissue organization for tissue engineering.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of New Liquid Crystalline Cyclohexyl-phenyl- and Dicyclohexyl-pyrimidines (1979)

Abstract Liquid Crystals, Cyclohexyl-phenyl-pyrimidines, Dicyclohexyl-pyrimidines The synthesis and mesomorphic properties of three new classes of cyano-substituted cyclohexyl-phenyl-and dicyclohexyl-pyrimidines are reported. The compounds are colourless, chemically and photochemically stable and have wide nematic mesophases. The thermal compatibility of the new compounds with other nematic liquid crystals is excellent. The large static positive dielectric anisotropics are shown to depend strongly on the position and number of hydrogenated rings as well as on the alkyl chain lengths within a homologous series. The reported bulk viscosities vary considerably among homologues. Hydrogenating the ring adjacent to the cyano end group causes η to increase, whereas a considerable viscosity reduction compared to nonhydrogenated homologues was found by hydrogenating the ring adjacent to the alkyl end group. The measured refractive indices of the new compounds are comparable to those of biphenyls.
FtsZ Dynamics during the Division Cycle of Live <i>Escherichia coli</i> Cells (1998)

The dynamics and assembly of bacterial cell division protein FtsZ were monitored in individual, growing and dividing Escherichia coli cells in real time by microculture of a merodiploid strain expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged FtsZ. Cells expressing FtsZ-GFP at levels less than or equivalent to that of wild-type FtsZ were able to grow and divide over multiple generations, with their FtsZ rings visualized by fluorescence. During the late stages of cytokinesis, which constituted the last one-fourth of the cell cycle, the lumen of the FtsZ ring disappeared as the whole structure condensed. At this time, loops of FtsZ-GFP polymers emanated outward from the condensing ring structure and other unstable fluorescent structures elsewhere in the cell were also observed. Assembly of FtsZ rings at new division sites occurred within 1 min, from what appeared to be single points. Interestingly, this nucleation often took place in the predivisional cell at the same time the central FtsZ ring was in its final contraction phase. This demonstrates directly that, at least when FtsZ-GFP is being expressed, new division sites have the capacity to become fully functional for FtsZ targeting and assembly before cell division of the mother cell is completed. The results suggest that the timing of FtsZ assembly may be normally controlled in part by cellular FtsZ concentration. The use of wide-field optical sectioning microscopy to obtain sharp fluorescence images of FtsZ structures is also discussed.
Optimisation and characterisation of marihuana extracts obtained by supercritical fluid extraction and focused ultrasound extraction and retention time locking <scp>GC</scp>‐<scp>MS</scp> (2013)

The optimisation of focused ultrasound extraction and supercritical fluid extraction of volatile oils and cannabinoids from marihuana has been accomplished by experimental design approach. On the one hand, the focused ultrasound extraction method of volatile compounds and cannabinoids was studied based on the optimisation of cyclohexane and isopropanol solvent mixtures, and the instrumental variables. The optimal working conditions were finally fixed at isopropanol/cyclohexane 1:1 mixture, cycles (3 s(-1)), amplitude (80%) and sonication time (5 min). On the other hand, the supercritical fluid extraction method was optimised in order to obtain a deterpenation of the plant and a subsequent cannabinoid extraction. For this purpose, pressure, temperature, flow and co-solvent percentage were optimised and the optimal working conditions were set at 100 bar, 35°C, 1 mL/min, no co-solvent for the terpenes and 20% of ethanol for the cannabinoids. Based on the retention time locking GC-MS analysis of the supercritical fluid extracts the classification of the samples according to the type of plant, the growing area and season was attained. Finally, three monoterpenes and three cannabinoids were quantified in the ranges of 0.006-6.2 μg/g and 0.96-324 mg/g, respectively.
RF-Sampling ADC Input Protection: Not Black Magic After All (2015)

RF-sampling ADCs are fabricated using deep submicron CMOS process technology, and the physics of semiconductor devices tells us that smaller transistor geometries support lower maximum voltages. Hence, the data sheet specifies the absolute maximum voltages that should not be exceeded due to reliability reasons. Comparing data sheets from older devices with those of state-of-the-art RF-sampling ADCs demonstrates this decrease in voltage. In receiver applications where the ADC digitizes the input signal, systems designers must pay careful attention to the absolute maximum input voltage. This parameter directly affects the ADC’s lifetime performance and reliability. An unreliable ADC would render the entire radio system useless, and the cost of replacing it could be substantial.
Environmental Magnesium Deficiency as a Cardiovascular Risk Factor (1996)

Magnesium is abundant in nature and the major routes of intake are through food and water. Through changes in the treatment of foodstuffs and altered diets, as well as increased use of surface water with low magnesium content, magnesium deficiency is present in modern society. Magnesium deficiency causes cardiac arrhythmia and several studies suggest that a low level of magnesium in drinking water is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, particularly among men. Before general prevention programmes can be recommended, risk groups must be defined and experimental intervention programmes performed.
Gathering Competitive Intelligence (1995)

Angle-dispersive monochromatic x-ray diffraction spectra from a perfect single-grain AlPdMn quasicrystal have been obtained under hydrostatic pressure in a diamond anvil cell up to 35 GPa. More than 50 Bragg peaks with sharpness comparable to that at ambient conditions were observed up to the maximum pressure, indexed and used to measure the hypercubic 6D lattice parameter, providing the most accurate determination of the equation of state in this pressure range to date. Within the instrumental resolution, the absence of broadening of the diffraction peaks indicates the absence of structural transition and/or unusual configurational entropy change expected from previous studies through pressure-induced amorphization or phason defects.
2-Trifluoromethylpyrimidines<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT2-Trifluoromethylpyrimidines1JOHN A. BARONE, EARL PETERS, and HOWARD TIECKELMANNCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 2, 198–200Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01084a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01084a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of (+)catechin and (−)epicatechin on heterocyclic amines‐induced oxidative DNA damage (2010)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin against 2-amino-3,8- dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline (8-MeIQx), 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]-quinoxaline (4,8-diMeIQx) and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP)-induced DNA damage in human hepatoma cells (HepG2). DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) was evaluated by the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis or comet assay. Increasing concentrations of 8-MeIQx, 4,8-diMeIQx and PhIP induced a significant increase in DNA strand breaks and oxidized purines and pyrimidines in a dose-dependent manner. Among those, PhIP (300 µm) exerted the highest genotoxicity. (+)-Catechin exerted protection against oxidized purines induced by 8-MeIQx, 4,8-diMeIQx and PhIP. Oxidized pyrimidines and DNA strand breaks induced by PhIP were also prevented by (+)-catechin. Otherwise, (-)-epicatechin protected against the oxidized pyrimidines induced by PhIP and the oxidized purines induced by 8-MeIQx and 4,8-diMeIQx. One feasible mechanism by which (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin exert their protective effect towards heterocyclic amines-induced oxidative DNA damage may be by modulation of phase I and II enzyme activities. The ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (CYP1A1) activity was moderately inhibited by (+)-catechin, while little effect was observed by (-)-epicatechin. However, (+)-catechin showed the greatest increase in UDP-glucuronyltransferase activity. In conclusion, our results clearly indicate that (+)-catechin was more efficient than (-)-epicatechin in preventing DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized purines/pyrimidines) induced by PhIP than that induced by 8-MeIQx and 4,8-diMeIQx.
Utilização de resíduo de serragem de granito proveniente do estado do Espírito Santo em cerâmica vermelha (2003)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi utilizar um resíduo de serragem de granito, proveniente da indústria de pedras ornamentais do estado do Espírito Santo, como aditivo na fabricação de produtos cerâmicos para construção civil. Este resíduo é um material não biodegradável que quando descartado gera poluição e degrada o meio ambiente. Assim, uma amostra deste material foi selecionada de modo que suas características com respeito a composição química, difração de raios X, análise de tamanho de partícula, massa específica real e plasticidade pudessem ser estudadas. Foram preparadas misturas contendo até 10% em peso de resíduo, e sinterizadas em sete diferentes temperaturas entre 850 ºC e 1150 ºC. A evolução na formação de fases cristalinas nos corpos cerâmicos durante a sinterização foi acompanhada por DRX. As propriedades físico-mecânicas foram determinadas em função da temperatura de sinterização e % de resíduo adicionado. Os resultados revelaram que o resíduo é um material polimineral não plástico constituído basicamente por sílica, feldspatos, mica e calcita. Uma série de transformações de fases ocorreram durante a sinterização. Além do mais, os corpos sinterizados contendo resíduo de serragem de granito têm uso provável em cerâmica vermelha, contribuindo para a minimização de resíduos e desenvolvimento auto-sustentado.
Tourette syndrome is not caused by mutations in the central cannabinoid receptor (<i>CNR1</i>) gene (2004)

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex inherited disorder of unknown aetiology, characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. Involvement of the central cannabinoid (CB1) system is suggested because of therapeutic effects of marijuana (Cannabis sativa L.) consumption and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (-THC) treatment in TS patients. The central cannabinoid receptor (CNR1) gene encoding the CNR1 was considered as a candidate gene for TS and systematically screened by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and sequencing. Compared with the published CNR1 sequence, three single base substitutions were identified: 1326T --> A, 1359G --> A, 1419 + 1G --> C. The change at position 1359 is a common polymorphism (1359 G/A) without allelic association with TS. 1326T --> A was present in only one TS patient and is a silent mutation which does not change codon 442 (valine). 1419 + 1G --> C affects the first nucleotide immediately following the coding sequence. It was first detected in three of 40 TS patients and none of 81 healthy controls. This statistically significant association with TS (P = 0.034) could not be confirmed in two subsequent cohorts of 56 TS patients (one heterozygous for 1419 + 1G --> C) and 55 controls and 64 patients and 66 controls (one heterozygous for 1419 + 1G --> C), respectively. Transcript analysis of lymphocyte RNA from 5 1419 + 1G --> C carriers revealed no systematic influence on the expression level of the mutated allele. In addition, segregation analysis of 1419 + 1G --> C in affected families gave evidence that 1419 + 1G --> C does not play a causal role in the aetiology of TS. We conclude that genetic variations of the CNR1 gene are not a plausible explanation for the clinically observed relation between the cannabinoid system and TS.
Regional Economics: A Survey (1965)

The creation of a new area of specialization is always a matter of interest in any academic field and the phenomenal rise of what has come to be known as “ regional analysis ” in economics is no exception.