gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure of release factor RF3 trapped in the GTP state on a rotated conformation of the ribosome (2011)

The class II release factor RF3 is a GTPase related to elongation factor EF-G, which catalyzes release of class I release factors RF1 and RF2 from the ribosome after termination of protein synthesis. The 3.3 Å crystal structure of the RF3·GDPNP·ribosome complex provides a high-resolution description of interactions and structural rearrangements that occur when binding of this translational GTPase induces large-scale rotational movements in the ribosome. RF3 induces a 7° rotation of the body and 14° rotation of the head of the 30S ribosomal subunit, and itself undergoes inter- and intradomain conformational rearrangements. We suggest that ordering of critical elements of switch loop I and the P loop, which help to form the GTPase catalytic site, are caused by interactions between the G domain of RF3 and the sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA. The rotational movements in the ribosome induced by RF3, and its distinctly different binding orientation to the sarcin-ricin loop of 23S rRNA, raise interesting implications for the mechanism of action of EF-G in translocation.
Ambiguity Function Analysis of Adaptive Colored-Noise Radar Waveforms (2011)

Adaptive radar waveforms were designed to be spectrally orthogonal to the received time-varying interference environment. This provides a natural defense against hostile or benign radio frequency interference. An ambiguity function analysis was presented for colored waveforms that graphically illustrates ambiguities, resolution/accuracy of range (time) and Doppler (frequency) estimates, and inherent interference rejection capabilities. Both eigenvector and multistage Wiener filter methods were used to construct such waveforms. The techniques presented illustrate a general methodology for designing adaptive waveforms trading off interference rejection performance, algorithm complexity, sidelobe levels, Doppler tolerance, and ambiguities.
Headspace vapor characterization of Hanford waste tank 241-U-108: Results from samples collected on 8/29/95 (1996)

This report describes the analytical results of vapor samples taken from the headspace of the waste storage tank 241-U-108 (Tank U-108) at the Hanford Site in Washington State. The results described in the report were obtained to characterize the vapors present in the tank headspace and to support safety evaluations and tank farm operations. The results include air concentrations of selected inorganic and organic analytes and grouped compounds from samples obtained by Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) and provided for analysis to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Analyte concentrations were based on analytical results and, where appropriate, sample volumes provided by WHC.
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Cochlear Nuclear Complex in Humans (1985)

For accurate physical three-dimensional reconstruction of the cochlear nuclear complex (CN), we used light microscopy to analyze the CN boundaries, cell types, and myelinated nerve bundles and transferred traced contours from enlarged photographs of serial sections onto acrylic plates. We produced two models, one demonstrating the CN in relation to the brain stem and the other showing the CN completely dissected out of the brain stem. The models localized the CN boundaries on the brain-stem surface and revealed topographic characteristics of the CN and a part of the eighth nerve adjacent to the brain stem. The major parts of the CN, namely, the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei, are located mainly within the lateral recess. The models produced are currently used in our institution to determine the optimal surgical and electrophysiologic approach to the CN.
Heat Transfer from a Flat Plate in Two-Component Mist Flow (1980)

An experimental study concerning the characteristics of heat transfer from a dry isothermal flat plate in two-component (water-air) mist flow has been performed for lower water-air mass flow ratios up to 2.3 percent. Heat transfer coefficients in mist flow increase several times corresponding to single phase coefficients with increasing mass flow ratio and free stream velocity, and with decreasing wall temperature. The measurements of droplet velocity employing laser Doppler anemometry indicate the similarity of velocity distributions in boundary layer of mist flow, which approximately fit the laminar single phase one. It is confirmed that an augmentation of heat transfer is attributable to a latent heat due to evaporation of water droplets within the boundary layer, and that, at a constant Reynolds number and wall temperature, the enhanced rates of heat transfer coefficients are linearly correlated to water mass flow rates for unit cross-sectional area.
Isolated pituitary cells: glucocorticoids do not rapidly suppress ACTH secretion in response to CRF (1989)

The possibility of a direct rapid suppressive effect of glucocorticoids on stimulated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release was investigated in perifused normal pituitary cells attached to microcarriers. Forty-eight hours after attachment to Cytodex beads, cells were transferred to two columns (one experimental, one control), perifused at a rate of 300-350 microliters/min, and equilibrated for 3 h. Either rat or ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF; 2 nM) were used to stimulate ACTH release, and fractions collected every 5 min were assayed for immunoreactive ACTH. Concomitant treatment with CRF and glucocorticoids (dexamethasone 100 nM or corticosterone 1 microM), or glucocorticoid pretreatment for up to 2 h, did not affect the release of ACTH occasioned by repetitive 5-min exposures to CRF at 30-min intervals. In addition, when ovine CRF was given as two 30-min infusions 1 h apart, neither concomitant steroid administration nor steroid pretreatment for 90 min affected the release of ACTH compared with controls. The lack of rapid steroid inhibition was not an artifact of enzymatic dispersion or microcarrier attachment, since no rapid inhibitory response was seen with acutely perifused rat anterior pituitary quarters. We thus conclude that in vitro rapid inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on ACTH release do not occur at the level of the pituitary. Accordingly such action in vivo presumably reflects acute steroid-induced effects on the hypothalamus or higher centers.
In vivo antitumor activity and host toxicity of methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin: role of cytochrome P450 3A. (2000)

Methoxymorpholinyl doxorubicin (MMDX; PNU 152243) is a promising doxorubicin derivative currently undergoing clinical evaluation. Previous in vitro studies suggested that the compound undergoes hepatic biotransformation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A into a more cytotoxic metabolite(s). The present study examined the role of CYP3A-mediated metabolism in the in vivo antitumor activity and host toxicity of MMDX in the mouse model and investigated the potential for increasing the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug by inducing its hepatic CYP-catalyzed activation. We found that MMDX cytotoxicity for cultured M5076 tumor cells was potentiated 22-fold by preincubating the drug with NADPH-supplemented liver microsomes from untreated C57BL/6 female mice. A greater (50-fold) potentiation of MMDX cytotoxicity was observed after its preincubation with liver microsomes isolated from animals pretreated with the prototypical CYP3A inducer pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile. In contrast, in vivo administration of the selective CYP3A inhibitor troleandomycin (TAO) reduced both potentiation of MMDX cytotoxicity and the rate of CYP3A-catalyzed N-demethylation of erythromycin by isolated liver microsomes (55.5 and 49% reduction, respectively). In vivo antitumor activity experiments revealed that TAO completely suppressed the ability of 90 microg/kg MMDX i.v., a dose close to the LD10, to delay growth of s.c. M5076 tumors in C57BL/6 mice and to prolong survival of DBA/2 mice with disseminated L1210 leukemia. Moreover, TAO administration markedly inhibited the therapeutic efficacy of 90 microg/kg MMDX i.v. in mice bearing experimental M5076 liver metastases; a complete loss of MMDX activity was observed in liver metastases-bearing animals receiving 40 microg/kg MMDX i.v. plus TAO. However, pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile pretreatment failed to enhance MMDX activity in mice bearing either s.c. M5076 tumors or experimental M5076 liver metastases. Additional experiments carried out in healthy C57BL/6 mice showed that TAO markedly inhibited MMDX-induced myelosuppression and protected the animals against lethal doses of MMDX. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that an active metabolite(s) of MMDX synthesized via CYP3A contributes significantly to its in vivo antitumor activity and host toxicity.
Information Reconciliation for Continuous-Variable Quantum Key Distribution using Non-Binary Low-Density Parity-Check Codes (2016)

An information reconciliation method for continuous-variable quantum key distribution with Gaussian modulation that is based on non-binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. Sets of regular and irregular LDPC codes with different code rates over the Galois fields $GF(8)$, $GF(16)$, $GF(32)$, and $GF(64)$ have been constructed. We have performed simulations to analyze the efficiency and the frame error rate using the sum-product algorithm. The proposed method achieves an efficiency between $0.94$ and $0.98$ if the signal-to-noise ratio is between $4$ dB and $24$ dB.
Low‐temperature relaxations in styrene–crosslinked polyester networks (1975)

Abstract Two low‐temperature dynamic mechanical relaxations have been observed in networks formed by copolymerization of poly(1,2‐propylene fumarate) and poly(1,2‐propylene phthalate fumarate) with styrene. The γ relaxation which occurs around −100°C (1 Hz) is induced by small amounts of water, while the broad γ′ relaxation is reduced in height by the presence of water. Neither xylene nor 1,2‐propylene glycol induced a γ relaxation. The γ relaxation was ascribed to motions involving a fumarate ester group–water complex.
The Role of Work in Breast Cancer Patients (2013)

Background: Since the survival rates of cancer have increased considerably, the long-term side effects of cancer and cancer-related treatments may impact survivors’ capability to regain normal lives. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the breast cancer on the job satisfaction and the quality of life. Methods: We enrolled 130 women divided into four groups: 1) 40 breast cancer survivors (aged 39 - 50); 2) 44 women diagnosed with breast cancer (aged 35 - 49); 3) 46 women in good health status (aged 37 - 48). Job satisfaction was measured with the Warr-Cook-Wall (WCW) Job satisfaction scale that measures overall job satisfaction and satisfaction with nine aspects of work. Results: Compared to healthy subjects, breast cancer survivors reported a poorer number of hours of work (p Conclusions: Understanding the job problems associated with cancer can provide relevant information regarding potential treatment and psychological support in breast cancer survivors.
Gabbroic Pegmatite Intrusions, Iberia Abyssal Plain, ODP Leg 173, Site 1070: Magmatism during a Transition from Non-volcanic Rifting to Sea-floor Spreading (2002)

On the Iberia Abyssal Plain (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1070), gabbroic pegmatites and related rocks (127 ± 4 Ma, U–Pb zircon) intrude upper mantle that was subsequently exposed and serpentinized during Early Cretaceous non-volcanic rifting. The pegmatites include a 3–4 m dike or sill (the 'main' pegmatite), numerous dikelets of 1–5 cm thickness, and clasts within the overlying ophicalcite breccia. Exclusive of rodingitization, the main pegmatite contains 40–70% calcic andesine, 25–35% kaersutitic amphibole (Mg# 60–70), 5–25% augite (Mg# 70–80) and 1–2% ilmenite. The dikelets are more magnesian (Mg# up to 82 in kaersutite and 88 in augite). Most indications are that the high Mg#s in the dikelets reflect igneous compositions. Isotopic and elemental chemistry indicate that the pegmatite-forming melt was enriched in incompatible elements relative to normal mid-ocean ridge basalt, but not as enriched as Azores basalts. The amphibole-bearing plagioclase peridotites of the Iberia Abyssal Plain are an appropriate source for the pegmatite melts. A combination of decompression accompanying unroofing and heating from the upwelling asthenosphere beneath the developing rift caused P–T conditions in the amphibole-bearing lithosphere to exceed the dehydration-melting solidus (∼1050°C), producing small-volume, enriched, hydrous melts. Pegmatite intrusion pre-dates unroofing at Site 1070 and post-dates syn-rift sedimentation and faulting of serpentinite seen inboard on the Iberia Abyssal Plain. Thus, serpentinization and unroofing were time-transgressive and the age of the non-volcanic sea floor formed by the unroofed mantle grows younger outboard, just as is the case for normal, volcanic sea floor.
A fully online sensor‐equipped, disposable multiphase microbioreactor as a screening platform for biotechnological applications (2018)

A new disposable, multiphase, microbioreactor (MBR; with a working volume of 550 μl) equipped with online sensors is presented for biotechnological screening research purposes owing to its high-throughput potential. Its design and fabrication, online sensor integration, and operation are described. During aerobic cultivation, sufficient oxygen supply is the most important factor that influences growth and product formation. The MBR is a microbubble column bioreactor (μBC), and the oxygen supply was realized by active pneumatic bubble aeration, ensuring sufficient volumetric liquid-phase mass transfer (k <sub>L</sub> a) and proper homogenization of the cultivation broth. The μBC was equipped with miniaturized sensors for the pH, dissolved oxygen, optical density and glucose concentration that allowed real-time online monitoring of these process variables during cultivation. The challenge addressed here was the integration of sensors in the limited available space. The MBR was shown to be a suitable screening platform for the cultivation of biological systems. Batch cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were performed to observe the variation in the process variables over time and to show the robustness and operability of all the online sensors in the MBR.
Two‐Component Regulation (2002)

This chapter begins with a detailed look at a prototypical two-component regulatory system followed by specific examples that illustrate the diverse nature of these signal transduction networks. These examples include an examination of the EnvZ/OmpR system, one of the most extensively characterized of these networks. The Staphylococcus aureus Agr regulatory system, which provides an example of a two-component regulatory system with a quorum sensing twist. The multicomponent phosphorelay of Bacillus subtilis demonstrating just how complex these systems can get. And finally, the Che proteins of Escherichia coli showing how these systems can elicit unique output responses.
Role of Kv 1.5 Channels in Regulation of Myocardial Oxygen Balance (2015)

The major “job” of the coronary circulation is to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium in a manner to match the myocardial demands under various conditions. Oxygen extraction in the coronary circulation is 70-80 % under resting conditions, which leaves very little reserve for further extraction. Because extraction is near maximum, to increase oxygen delivery further extraction is not a viable option. Previously, we found that Kv 1.5 channels appeared to couple cardiac work to myocardial blood flow. Specifically, we found reduced levels of flow per unit of cardiac work in mice null for the redox sensing Kv1.5 channel (Kv1.5-/-) compared to wild types (Wt). Based on these observations, we hypothesized that myocardial oxygen tension (pO2) at different cardiac workloads is lower in Kv 1.5-/- mice than in wild-type mice. For pO2 measurements, oxygen-sensing paramagnetic probes (LiNc-BuO:PDMS chip) were implanted into the left ventricular wall. After 2 weeks of implantation, pO2 was measured by using L-band (1.2 GHz) spectrometer. Measurements were done both at baseline and during norepinephrine (NE, 5µg/kg/min, iv. for 3 minutes) injection. Our results showed that at baseline pO2 in Kv 1.5-/- was significantly lower (20.1±4 mmHg) compared to Wt mice (32.7±2 mmHg). During NE infusion pO2 decreased in Kv 1.5-/- (14±4.6mmHg) whereas in Wt animals pO2 increased during NE (36±4.6mmHg (figure A,B). Based on these data, we conclude that Kv 1.5 channels play important role in coronary blood flow regulation and maintenance of myocardial oxygen tension. In the absence of Kv1.5 channels, when oxygen demands are incurred, tissue hypoxia results leading to acute cardiac dysfunction.
Stadens stråk och territorier (2002)

Morfologiska och typologiska beskrivningar av stadens rumsliga strukturer har foljt arkitekturamnet sedan Hippodamus och varje generation arkitekter har tillagnat sig mer eller mindre kansliga begreppsapparater for att hantera stadens gestaltningsnivaer. Fran rutnat till boulevarder, fran marknadsplatser till tunnelbanor, sa har staden aldrig varit ett amne som kunnat reducerats till en eller annan disciplin. Samtidigt har studiet av staden alltid varit som mest centralt i arkitekturamnet. Fran palats, kyrkor och stadsportar till infillprojekt och kontorsomvandlingar sa har arkitekturgestaltningens arena, dess raison d’etre, till en del alltid varit knuten till staden. Men ingenting verkar peka pa att vi darfor har uttomt mojligheterna att forska kring staden. Var forskning har staden som objekt. Forskningen fokuserar pa stadens offentliga rum och dess kopplingar till rumslig praxis. Tankarna kring staden tar sig bade uttryck i teoretisk utveckling och i empiriska studier. De empiriska studierna ar fokuserade till Malmo – Nordens sjatte storsta stad. Det teoretiska arbetet omfattar bl.a. begreppsutveckling och beskrivningsmodeller kring staden. Forskningen bedrivs som tva sjalvstandiga projekt med fokus pa territorier respektive strak. Tidsmassigt har det forsta av dessa projekt kommit ungefar halvvags medan det andra nyligen har paborjats.
Thermodynamic Equilibrium Analysis of Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons Using Cantera Methodology (2012)

Reactions associated with removal of oxygen from oxygenates (deoxygenation) are an important aspect of hydrocarbon fuels production process from biorenewable substrates. Here we report the equilibrium composition of methanol-to-hydrocarbon system by minimizing the total Gibbs energy of the system using Cantera methodology. The system was treated as a mixture of 14 components which had CH 3 OH, C 6 H 6 , C 7 H 8 , C 8 H 10 (ethyl benzene), C 8 H 10 (xylenes), C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 6 , CH 4 , H 2 O, C, CO 2 , CO, H 2 . The carbon in the equilibrium mixture was used as a measure of coke formation which causes deactivation of catalysts that are used in aromatization reaction(s). Equilibrium compositions of each species were analyzed for temperatures ranging from 300 to 1380 K and pressure at 0–15 atm gauge. It was observed that when the temperature increases the mole fractions of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene pass through a maximum around 1020 K. At 300 K the most abundant species in the system were CH 4 , CO 2 , and H 2 O with mole fractions 50%, 16.67%, and 33.33%, respectively. Similarly at high temperature (1380 K), the most abundant species in the system were H 2 and CO with mole fractions 64.5% and 32.6% respectively. The pressure in the system shows a significant impact on the composition of species.
Ultrastructural evidence to in vitro interaction among Burkitt lymphoma cells: possible relevance of the "phagocytic" activity of starry sky histiocytes in vivo. (1969)

Summary Cells with morphologic characteristics of histiocytes or macrophages have been observed in cultures of human lymphoma cells derived from Burkitt tumors. Aggregation of the smaller lymphoid cells around the larger hisiocytic cells resulting in “rosette formation” was seen. Morphologically, intact small lymphoma cells and cell remnants were identified within the cytoplasm of the larger cells; however, none of the cells in the cultures were able to phagocytize small particulates such as latex spherules, bacteria, or carbon particles. These findings suggest that the whole cell inclusions in the histiocytes may be the result of active entry of the smaller cells into the larger cells in a process related to emperipolesis rather than true phagocytosis or engulfment. In sections and imprints of Burkitt tumors, morphologically intact cells as well as cellular debris were found within the cytoplasm of the “clear histiocytes.” The findings in vitro may be relevant in interpreting the significance of the “starry sky” histiocytes: It cannot be assumed that the starry sky histiocytes are actively phagocytic, and the possibility of “emperipolesis” in vivo must be considered.
Future trends in charge trapping memories (2006)

Charge trapping memories offer advantages for scaling data flash memories in the sub 50nm groundrule. This paper reviews the progress of the main concepts in charge trapping, NROM and SONOS. Both have undergone significant new developments, like the 4 bits/cell for the NROM and the introduction of new materials for SONOS and new cell structures, e.g. including Fin-Fets. Depending on the progress during the next years these concepts will be even more able to compete with the still dominating floating gate techniques
The influence of substrate polarity on the structural quality of InN layers grown by high-pressure chemical vapor deposition (2008)

The influence of substrate polarity on the properties of InN layers grown by high-pressure chemical vapor deposition has been studied. The 2Θ-ω x-ray diffraction scans on InN layers deposited on polar GaN epilayers revealed single-phase InN(0002) with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of around 200arcsec. InN layers grown on N-polar GaN exhibit larger FWHMs. Rocking curve analysis confirmed single-phase InN for both growth polarities, with FWHM values for ω-RC(002) at 2080arcsec for InN grown on Ga-polar templates. The A1(LO) Raman mode analysis shows higher free carrier concentrations in InN grown on N-polar templates, indicating that polarity affects the incorporation of impurities.
Images of a 49 year-old man with a glioblastoma with an oligodendroglial component after radiochemotherapy. (2015)

<p>The contrast-enhanced T1-w and FLAIR images are presented in (a) and (b), respectively. SBS, indicated by the arrow and arrow head, are discernable on the SW image (c). The corresponding susceptibility map in (d) clearly suggests that these SBS are likely produced by calcium deposits (arrow) and blood products (arrow head).</p>
Positive temperature coefficient resistor behavior in praseodymium-doped ZnO (0001¯)∣(0001¯) boundaries (2010)

Clear positive temperature coefficient resistor (PTCR) dc behavior has been shown in Pr-doped ZnO (0001¯)∣(0001¯) bicrystals by electrical characterization over an unprecedentedly wide temperature range between 40 and 1070 K. With subtraction of the PTCR dc, the admittance can be described by a deep trap level at 0.26 eV but no clue to the origin of the PTCR behavior is provided. Capacitance-voltage characteristics revealed a maximum in the Schottky barrier heights consistent with the PTCR behavior. The PTCR behavior in Pr-doped ZnO c-axis oriented bicrystals is thus phenomenologically analogous to that of the ferroelectric BaTiO3.