gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Cytokine Osteopontin Modulates the Severity of Rotavirus Diarrhea (2005)

Osteopontin (OPN) is a sialated phosphoprotein found in tissues and secreted into body fluids. It is an integrin ligand with pleiotropic functions as an extracellular matrix protein in mineralized tissues and a cytokine that is active in cell signaling (A. B. Tuck, C. Hota, S. M. Wilson, and A. F. Chambers, Oncogene 22:1198-1205, 2003). To determine whether OPN may be important in mucosal defense against viral pathogens, we evaluated the OPN response to rotavirus infection and the extent of diarrhea manifested by infected opn null mutant (opn-/-) mice. Reverse transcription-PCR, Northern and Western blots, and immunohistochemical studies of the HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell line and murine intestine were used to evaluate OPN mRNA and product. Intestinal closed loops and diarrheal observations determined disease severity and duration. OPN mRNA levels increased after infection of HT-29 cells, peaking in 4 to 6 h. Infected cultures contained 925 microg of OPN/ml, while for controls the levels were below detection (50 microg/ml). Infection increased OPN mRNA levels in intestinal tissue between 2 and 24 h postinoculation and increased OPN protein in intestinal fluid. The cellular localization of OPN was supranuclear and apical, and responding cells were diffusely distributed on the villus surface. Three days after infection, closed intestinal loops from opn-/- mice contained more fluid than loops from controls, although secretion levels at the onset of illness were similar. Null mutant mice experienced more intense and prolonged diarrhea than controls. Rotavirus infection of intestinal epithelial cells and murine intestine caused marked increases in OPN mRNA levels and secreted OPN protein. OPN-deficient mice suffered prolonged disease.
Study of Shrink Fitting for Shaft Couplings by Laser Heating (2018)

Laser shrink fitting for pipe coupling was developed as an application of laser forming. The coupling of the pipe of stainless steel and bar of hardened oxygen-free copper is made by laser shrink fitting. A bar is inserted into a pipe, and the pipe surface of the bar-inserted-part is irradiated and heated by 1kw class laser. Metallographic structure of the laser irradiated part of the pipe is not changed. Metallographic structure of the bar is changed into recrystallization structure. The fitted part of the pipe is shrunk in both circumferential and axial direction. The residual stress on the surface of the fitted pipe is compressive in both circumferential and axial direction. The tensile strength of the fitted part is 53% to the tensile strength of base metal of hardened oxygen-free copper bar.
Isoelectronic doping of AlGaN alloys with As and estimates of AlGaN/GaN band offsets (2003)

The isoelectronic doping of AlxGa1−xN alloys with arsenic in films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy has been investigated. In photoluminescence spectra of AlxGa1−xN layers, with an increase in Al mole faction, there is a progressive shift of the position of the blue band emission towards higher energies. The observed energy shift for blue band emission is less than the corresponding increase in the band gap of AlxGa1−xN. A model is presented, which can explain the observed shift in the energy of the blue band emission. This model also allows the AlxGa1−xN/GaN valence band offset to be estimated.
Precise miss analysis for program transformations with caches of arbitrary associativity (1998)

Analyzing and optimizing program memory performance is a pressing problem in high-performance computer architectures. Currently, software solutions addressing the processor-memory performance gap include compiler-or programmer-applied optimizations like data structure padding, matrix blocking, and other program transformations. Compiler optimization can be effective, but the lack of precise analysis and optimization frameworks makes it impossible to confidently make optimal, rather than heuristic-based, program transformations. Imprecision is most problematic in situations where hard-to-predict cache conflicts foil heuristic approaches. Furthermore, the lack of a general framework for compiler memory performance analysis makes it impossible to understand the combined effects of several program transformations.The Cache Miss Equation (CME) framework discussed in this paper addresses these issues. We express memory reference and cache conflict behavior in terms of sets of equations. The mathematical precision of CMEs allows us to find true optimal solutions for transformations like blocking or padding. The generality of CMEs also allows us to reason about interactions between transformations applied in concert. Unlike our prior work, this framework applies to caches of arbitrary associativity. This paper also demonstrates the utility of CMEs by presenting precise algorithms for intra-variable padding, inter-variable padding, and selecting tile sizes. Our experiences with CMEs implemented in the SUIF system show that they are a unifying mathematical framework offering the generality and precision imperative for compiler optimizations on current high-performance architectures.
Nanoemulsion: process selection and application in cosmetics – a review (2015)

In recent decades, considerable and continuous growth in consumer demand in the cosmetics field has spurred the development of sophisticated formulations, aiming at high performance, attractive appearance, sensorial benefit and safety. Yet despite increasing demand from consumers, the formulator faces certain restrictions regarding the optimum equilibrium between the active compound concentration and the formulation base taking into account the nature of the skin structure, mainly concerning to the ideal penetration of the active compound, due to the natural skin barrier. Emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible phases, and the interest in nanoscale emulsion has been growing considerably in recent decades due to its specific attributes such as high stability, attractive appearance and drug delivery properties; therefore, performance is expected to improve using a lipid-based nanocarrier. Nanoemulsions are generated by different approaches: the so-called high-energy and low-energy methods. The global overview of these mechanisms and different alternatives for each method are presented in this paper, along with their benefits and drawbacks. As a cosmetics formulation is reflected in product delivery to consumers, nanoemulsion development with prospects for large-scale production is one of the key attributes in the method selection process. Thus, the aim of this review was to highlight the main high- and low-energy methods applicable in cosmetics and dermatological product development, their specificities, recent research on these methods in the cosmetics and consideration for the process selection optimization. The specific process with regard to inorganic nanoparticles, polymer nanoparticles and nanocapsule formulation is not considered in this paper.
Intraoperative Navigation using 3 Dimensional Ultrasonography for Hepatic Resection (2000)

We developed intraoperative 3-dimensional (3D) echoic image using the information of 2-dimentional echo and image analyzing system (SAS-200). The principle of SAS-200 is that magnetic field sensor, which is setting on echoic probe, recognize the position of the probe as 3D coordinate. This method was adopted to the patients with liver tumors and the donors for living-related liver transplantation. Using this method, the relation between a main tumor and feeding vessels was visualized as 3D-US image.A 3D-US image was useful to make an accurate navigation for liver surgery.
Highly efficient fluorescent blue materials and their applications for top‐emission OLEDs (2018)

Abstract We developed new fluorescent blue dopants (BDs) for achieving high‐efficient blue organic light‐emitting diode. A new BD showed both high photoluminescent quantum yield >0.9 and highly horizontal orientation (S′ > 0.9) in doped film with keeping a chemical stability by introducing suitable substituents. We developed hole transporting materials and optimized the combination of hole transporting layers to decrease a carrier accumulation at the interface between electron blocking layer and emission layer. We found that the external quantum efficiency dependency from low to high current density was turned flat by promoting hole injection into emission layer. The top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode using the new BD and the optimized device architecture exhibited high efficiency of L/J/CIEy around 200 at CIEy = 0.043.
A Calorimetric Determination of Fundamental Properties of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals (1992)

Abstract We have developed a combined calorimetric/electron microscopic technique for determining several fundamental properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films. Calorimetry allows us to determine the solubility limit of liquid crystal in the polymer matrix as well as the fraction of liquid crystal which is dispersed in the form of microdroplets. By combining the calorimetry results with electron microscopy measurements of D, the microdroplet diameter, we are able to calculate the functional relationship between the droplet number density and D. All of these parameters are of considerable importance in assessing the behavior of PDLCs. The usefulness of the method is illustrated by applying it to thermally-cured epoxy-based systems. Key Words: polymer-dispersed liquid crystalsliquid crystalsphase behaviorcalorimetryPDLC properties
Label‐free detection of polysulfides and glycogen of <scp><i>Cyanidium caldarium</i></scp> using ultra‐multiplex coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy (2021)

Abstract Living microalga Cyanidium caldarium was visualized using ultra‐multiplex coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microspectroscopy. The Raman band related to the SO 4 2− ion at 982 cm −1 was detected at the peripheral part of the cells and showed a signal amplitude that was approximately threefold larger than that in the medium, indicating accumulation of SO 4 2− ions. Depending on the incubation conditions, a broad and sharp Raman band at approximately 505 cm −1 was observed at the peripheral part and inside the cells, respectively. Based on comparison of the results with model substances, these broad and sharp bands were assigned to polysulfides and glycogen, respectively.
A rhodium catalyzed cycloisomerization and tandem Diels–Alder reaction for facile access to diverse bicyclic and tricyclic heterocycles (2019)

A regioselective distal cycloisomerization of 1,6-allenenes was successfully developed to afford six-membered ring exocyclic 1,3-dienes employing a rhodium/diphosphine catalyst system. Deuterium labelling experiments and DFT calculations were performed to provide insights into the reaction mechanism of this unprecedented transformation. In addition, one-pot tandem Diels-Alder reactions with various dienophiles could readily construct diverse bicyclic and tricyclic nitrogen heterocycles, which are ubiquitous core scaffolds for a variety of natural products and bioactives. High efficiency and exclusive chemo and regioselectivities for a broad substrate scope were achieved under mild conditions using a low catalyst loading of 0.5 mol%.
357. Hydroxy- and chloro-derivatives of 2-methylanthraquinone (1934)

G. J. Marriott and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1934, 1631 DOI: 10.1039/JR9340001631
Diskussion (1968)

ZusammenfassungWollkeratin wird bei der Reaktion mit wäßrigen Chlorlösungen durch Oxydationsund Substitutionsreaktionen verändert. Während der Reaktion werden Wollproteine in den Behandlungsbädern gelöst. Diese in der Einführung aufgestellte Arbeitshypothese, die bisher in der Literatur noch nicht systematisch und vollständig überprüft wurde, bildete die Basis der in der vorliegenden Arbeit beschriebenen Untersuchungen. Dabei hat sich gezeigt, daß für die Änderung der chemischen und technologischen Eigenschaften von Wolle durch eine Chlorierung Reaktionen an folgenden peptidgebundenen Aminosäuren verantwortlich sind : Cystin, Tyrosin, Tryptophan, Lysin, Histidin und Phenylalanin. Außer beim Tryptophan sind die beobachteten Veränderungen an den genannten Aminosäureresten im pH-Bereich von 4 bis 6 (unterchlorige Säure) am größten.
Encrusted Pyelitis of Native Kidneys (2000)

This study reports the first four cases of encrusted pyelitis involving native kidneys. The clinical features, management, and outcome of these patients were analyzed. Predisposing factors were underlying urologic disease and/or urologic manipulations, debilitating diseases, hospitalization, and prolonged antibiotic therapies. Presenting symptoms were renal failure in three patients with ureteroileal urinary diversion and manifestations of cystitis in one patient. Computed tomography scan of the urinary tract was critical for diagnosis. Presence of struvite was demonstrated by crystalluria and infrared spectrophotometry analysis of the encrusted material. Corynebacterium urealyticum urinary infection was identified in one case. Surgery (one patient) and palliative ureteral diversion (one patient), respectively, led to death and end-stage renal failure. Successful dissolution of encrusted pyelitis was obtained in two patients treated with intravenous vancomycin and local acidification of the renal collecting system. Clinical observation shows that encrusted pyelitis is a threatening disorder that destroys the native kidneys and may lead to end-stage renal failure. Successful treatment of the disease by chemolysis and antibiotics depends on correct and early diagnosis. Diagnosis required recognition of the predisposing factors, computed tomography imaging of the urinary tract, crystalluria, and identification of urea-splitting bacteria with prolonged culture on selective medium.
The persistence of chromosome translocations in a radiation worker accidentally exposed to tritium (1992)

The chromosome translocation frequency in lymphocytes of an individual accidentally exposed to tritium six years previously was measured using chromosome painting. Comparisons with results from cytogenetic studies shortly after the accident indicate that the translocation frequency has remained unaltered in this individual for six years.
Carbocyclic Purine Nucleosides Derived from Aristeromycin Through Two Key Intermediates, Carbocyclic 5-Amino-4-Imidazolecarboxamide Riboside and 2′-Deoxyriboside (1992)

Abstract Treating carbocyclic N1-methoxymethyl-inosine and -2′-deoxyinosine with 1N-NaOH/aq.EtOH gave carbocyclic 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside and 2′-deoxyriboside, respectively. Reactions of both the useful key intermediates with benzoylisothiocyanate afforded the corresponding 5-(N-benzoylisothiocarbamoyl) derivatives. Methylation of the sulfhydryl groups, followed by treatment with NaOH, led to the purine ring-closure (guanine, isoguanine, and 3-methylxanthine) reaction. The conformational difference between 2′-deoxyguanosine and carbocyclic 2′-deoxyguanosine is also discussed.
Resonant photoemission and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering - coherent vs. incoherent processes (1996)

Resonant photoemission and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering - coherent vs. incoherent processes
First laboratory demonstration of closed-loop Kalman based optimal control for vibration filtering and simplified MCAO (2006)

Classic Adaptive Optics (AO) is now successfully implemented on a growing number of ground-based imaging systems. Nevertheless some limitations are still to cope with. First, the AO standard control laws are unable to easily handle vibrations. In the particular case of eXtreme AO (XAO), which requires a highly efficient AO, these vibrations can thus be much penalizing. We have previously shown that a Kalman based control law can provide both an efficient correction of the turbulence and a strong vibration filtering. Second, anisoplanatism effects lead to a small corrected field of view. Multi-Conjugate AO (MCAO) is a promising concept that should increase significantly this field of view. We have shown numerically that MCAO correction can be highly improved by optimal control based on a Kalman filter. This article presents the first laboratory demonstration of these two concepts. We use a classic AO bench available at Onera with a deformable mirror (DM) in the pupil and a Shack-Hartmann Wave Front Sensor (WFS) pointing at an on-axis guide-star. The turbulence is produced by a rotating phase screen in altitude. First, this AO configuration is used to validate the ability of our control approach to filter out system vibrations and improve the overall performance of the AO closed-loop, compared to classic controllers. The consequences on the RTC design of an XAO system is discussed. Then, we optimize the correction for an off-axis star although the WFS still points at the on-axis star. This Off-Axis AO (OAAO) can be seen as a first step towards MCAO or Multi-Object AO in a simplified configuration. It proves the ability of our control law to estimate the turbulence in altitude and correct in the direction of interest. We describe the off-axis correction tests performed in a dynamic mode (closed-loop) using our Kalman based control. We present the evolution of the off-axis correction according to the angular separation between the stars. A highly significant improvement in performance is demonstrated.
C‐peptide revisited – new physiological effects and therapeutic implications (1996)

Recent studies have demonstrated that replacement of C-peptide to normal physiological concentrations in insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients on a short-term basis (1-3 h) results in decreased glomerular hyperfiltration, augmented glucose utilization and improved autonomic nervous function. More prolonged administration (1-3 months) of C-peptide to IDDM patients is accompanied by improvements in both renal and autonomic nervous function. Moreover, both in-vitro and in-vivo studies indicate that C-peptide may have a role in the regulation of insulin secretion. The effects of C-peptide may in part be explained by its ability to stimulate Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. In conclusion, the combined findings indicate that C-peptide is a biologically active hormone. The possibility that C-peptide therapy in IDDM patients may be beneficial should be considered.
Effect of Inorganic Ligands and Hydrogen Peroxide on ThO<sub>2</sub> Dissolution. Behaviour of Th<sub>0.87</sub>Pu<sub>0.13</sub>O<sub>2</sub> during Leaching Test (2008)

The dissolution of ThO2 powdered samples was examined in various conditions of pH and concentration of anions in the leachate. The first part of this paper describes the influence of pH on the dissolution of ThO2 in both nitric and hydrochloric media. The partial order relative to the proton concentration and the apparent normalized dissolution rate constants were determined. The second part of the paper describes the influence of other ligands such as perchlorate, chloride, sulfate, and hydrogen peroxide on the dissolution kinetics (at pH 1). An increase of RL was observed correlatively with the increase of complexing affinity of the ligand with Th. While nitric and hydrochloric media, which are weakly complexing, lead to RL values with the same order of magnitude as those for perchlorate media, the presence of sulfate or peroxide in the leachate significantly enhances the dissolution of ThO2. Consequently, the dissolution mechanism can be explained by the weakening of Th-O bonds through the formation of surface complexes at the solid/liquid interface, which enhance the detachment and thus accelerate the global dissolution. In addition, the dissolution of Th 0.87Pu 0.13O2 solid solution was also examined. The increase of the dissolution kinetics of Th 0.87Pu 0.13O 2, in comparison with that of ThO2, is considered to be caused by the presence of hydrogen peroxide formed by radiolysis of the leachate. Moreover, the redox properties of plutonium in acidic media, like disproportionation of Pu(IV) and Pu(V) and reduction of Pu(VI) and Pu(IV) in Pu(III) by H2O2, probably increase the dissolution of plutonium.
Project W-314 specific test and evaluation plan for transfer line SN-633 (241-AX-B to 241-AY-02A) (1998)

The purpose of this Specific Test and Evaluation Plan (STEP) is to provide a detailed written plan for the systematic testing of modifications made by the addition of the SN-633 transfer line by the W-314 Project. The STEP develops the outline for test procedures that verify the system`s performance to the established Project design criteria. The STEP is a lower tier document based on the W-314 Test and Evaluation Plan (TEP). This STEP encompasses all testing activities required to demonstrate compliance to the project design criteria as it relates to the addition of transfer line SN-633. The Project Design Specifications (PDS) identify the specific testing activities required for the Project. Testing includes Validations and Verifications (e.g., Commercial Grade Item Dedication activities), Factory Acceptance Tests (FATs), installation tests and inspections, Construction Acceptance Tests (CATs), Acceptance Test Procedures (ATPs), Pre-Operational Test Procedures (POTPs), and Operational Test Procedures (OTPs). It should be noted that POTPs are not required for testing of the transfer line addition. The STEP will be utilized in conjunction with the TEP for verification and validation.
Reaction of Dehydroellagitannins with L-Cysteine Methyl Ester (1992)

Reaction of dehydroellagitannins (e.g. 1) with L-cysteine methyl ester (5) at room temperature yielded the condensation products (e.g. 3 and 4), together with a partial hydrolysate (e.g. 2), while heating the mixture at 80°C afforded 4 and the hydrolysate (2) in fairly good yields. In addition, reduction of a dehydrohexahydroxydiphenoyl ester group to a hexahydroxy-diphenoyl group with thiols is also described
Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids in infants and children with ileal resection. (1980)

Seven children who had undergone ileal resection of varying lengths as neonates were studied to determine later gastrointestinal function with specific emphasis on the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Fecal homogenate and aqueous supernatant bile acid concentrations and serum bile acids were analyzed. Cholic acid kinetics were measured by the isotopic dilution technique, with multiple duodenal bile samples obtained within 48 hr after intravenous 14C--cholic acid. As compared to those of age-matched controls, significantly increased fecal homogenate bile acid concentrations (p less than 0.05) and fecal aqueous supernatant bile acid concentrations (p less than 0.01) were present. Fasting and postcibal serum bile acid concentrations were significantly reduced (p less than 0.001). Increased FTRs for cholic acid (p less than 0.001) were present in children with resection. The FTR correlated significantly with resection length (p = 0.012). Fasting pool sizes of chenodeoxycholic and cholic acid measured after an overnight fast were variable. Three children had significantly reduced cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid pools, and one had a reduction in the cholic acid pool only. The cholic acid pool size correlated directly with the postprandial rise in serum CG concentration (p = 0.003). The fecal coefficient of fat excretion and fecal weights were only moderately increased. Although rapid turnover of bile acids was present following neonatal ileal resection, efficient compensatory mechanisms during infancy and childhood allowed adequate intraluminal bile salt concentrations for normal fat solubilization throughout the day and resultant mild steatorrhea and diarrhea in our study patients.