gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semiconductor Ballistic Electron Reflection, Refraction, Interference, and Diffraction Effects: Modeling and Quantum Device Applications (1992)

Semiconductor growth techniques such as molecular beam epitaxy have been refined so that nanostructures can be grown with precise monolayer and compositional control [1]. This has produced semiconductor materials in which ballistic (collisionless) electron transport lengths of over a micron have been observed [2-4]. That is, the electrons traverse the sample as quantum mechanical plane waves experiencing no elastic or inelastic scattering events. Ballistic electrons can account for more than half of the current in small devices [3]. Since ballistic electrons are quantum mechanical deBroglie waves, they can be reflected, refracted, interfered, and diffracted [5] in a manner analogous to electromagnetic optical waves [6]. Recently, it has been shown that these electron wave optical effects are exactly analogous to electromagnetic waves in general dielectrics (lossless materials with arbitrary permittivity ϵ and permeability µ) [7]. Electron wave interference effects have been observed experimentally for electron energies below the barriers in double-barrier and multi-barrier resonant tunneling devices and for electron energies above the conduction band edges in Ga1-xAlxAs heterostructures [5]. In addition, by combining growth techniques with nanolithography, electron wave refraction has been experimentally demonstrated through the fabrication of electron lenses and prisms [8,9] in a two-dimensional GaAs electron gas.
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Technologies for Construction (2012)

This chapter introduces the work of visual pattern recognition for remote sensing of civil infrastructure. It starts with an introduction of structural element recognition. The construction equipment and personnel recognition and recognition of damage and defects on building and civil infrastructure elements are then described. Finally, this chapter presents the videogrammetric technology for construction site surveying.
Measurement of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>ϒ</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si2.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>ϒ</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math>, and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si3.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:mi>ϒ</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo></mml:math> cross sections in pp collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" altimg="si4.gif" overflow="scroll"><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> (2013)

The (1S), (2S), and (3S) production cross sections are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.8 1.4 pb -1 of proton-proton collisions at s = 7 TeV, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The resonances are identified through their decays to dimuons. Integrated over the transverse momentum range p T < 50 GeV/c and rapidity range |y | < 2.4, and assuming unpolarized production, the products of the production cross sections and dimuon branching fractions are
Lipid Peroxidation by “Free” Iron Ions and Myoglobin as Affected by Dietary Antioxidants in Simulated Gastric Fluids (2005)

Grilled red turkey muscle (Doner Kabab) is a real "fast food" containing approximately 200 microM hydroperoxides, homogenized in simulated gastric fluid and oxidized more rapidly at pH 3.0 than at pH 5.0, after 180 min, producing 1200 and 600 microM hydroperoxides, respectively. The effects of "free" iron ions and metmyoglobin, two potential catalyzers of lipid peroxidation in muscle foods, were evaluated for linoleic acid peroxidation at pH 3.0 of simulated gastric fluid. The prooxidant effects of free iron ions on linoleic acid peroxidation in simulated gastric fluid was evaluated in the presence of ascorbic acid. At low concentrations of ascorbic acid, the effects were prooxidative, which was reversed at high concentrations. In the presence of metmyoglobin, ascorbic acid with or without free iron enhanced the antioxidative effect. Lipid peroxidation by an iron-ascorbic acid system was inhibited totally by 250-500 microM catechin at pH 3.0. The catechin antioxidant effect was determined also in the iron-ascorbic acid system containing metmyoglobin. In this system, catechin totally inhibited lipid peroxidation at a concentration 20-fold lower than without metmyoglobin. The ability of catechin to inhibit lipid peroxidation was also determined at a low pH with beta-carotene as a sensitive target molecule for oxidation. The results show that a significant protection was achieved only with almost 100-fold higher antioxidant concentration. Polyphenols from different groups were determined for the antioxidant activity at pH 3.0. The results show a high antioxidant activity of polyphenols with orthodihydroxylated groups at the B ring, unsaturation, and the presence of a 4-oxo group in the heterocyclic ring, as demonstrated by quercetin.
Block coding with noiseless feedback (1964)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, 1964.
Characterization of the Epidemic European Fusidic Acid-Resistant Impetigo Clone of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2007)

Resistance to the antibiotic fusidic acid in European strains of Staphylococcus aureus causing impetigo has increased in recent years. This increase appears to have resulted from clonal expansion of a strain we have designated the epidemic European fusidic acid-resistant impetigo clone (EEFIC), which carries the fusidic acid resistance determinant fusB on its chromosome. To understand better the properties of the EEFIC responsible for its success, we have performed detailed phenotypic and genotypic characterization of this clone. Molecular typing revealed the EEFIC to be ST123, spa type t171, and agr type IV and therefore unrelated to earlier prevalent fusB(+) strains found in the United Kingdom. EEFIC strains exhibited resistance to fusidic acid, penicillin, and, in some cases, erythromycin, which are all used in the treatment of impetigo. PCR analysis of the EEFIC and complete DNA sequencing of the 39.3 Kb plasmid it harbors identified genes encoding several toxins previously implicated in impetigo (exfoliative toxins A and B and EDIN-C). The location of fusB was mapped on the chromosome and found to be associated with a novel 16.6-kb genomic island integrated downstream of groEL. Although this element is related to classical staphylococcal pathogenicity islands, it does not encode any known virulence factors and consequently has been designated SaRI(fusB) (for "S. aureus resistance island carrying fusB").
Development of decoupling capacitor embedded interposers using narrow gap chip parts mounting technology with wideband ultralow PDN impedance (2013)

We have developed a new chip capacitor embedded interposer using a narrow gap chip parts mounting technology. This interposer is expected to reduce power distribution network (PDN) impedance. To investigate the efficacy of the interposer, we have fabricated other various types of capacitor embedded interposer test element group (TEG), such as a generally chip capacitor embedded organic interposer, a thin film capacitor on a silicon interposer using the same design. We evaluated PDN impedance of decoupling capacitor embedded interposers for 3-D integrated LSI system by using a developed ultralow impedance evaluation system. As a result, the chip capacitor embedded interposer using the narrow gap chip parts mounting technology shows a low PDN impedance below 0.1 Ω could be evaluated at the frequency range of up to 10 GHz. This is realized that the interposer shows the comparable level of the PDN impedance as the thin film capacitor embedded silicon interposer. It can be realized that the PDN impedance of the interposer shows below 1/100 compared with a general interposer with embedded the chip capacitor parts of 0603 types.
Endoskopische Blutstillung beim gastroduodenalen Ulkus: &Ouml;konomische Aspekte (1994)

In einer randomisierten Studie wurde die Effizienz der endoskopischen Blutstillung mit Fibrinklebung und lokaler Polidocanolgabe bei der akuten gastroduodenalen Ulkusblutung untersucht und unter ökonomischen Aspekten ausgewertet. Unter Einbeziehung der Folgekosten war ein signifikanter Preisunterschied nicht zu erheben, doch zeigte sich ein Vorteil in der Effizienz zugunsten des Fibrinklebers.
XVI. <i>An Account of the Discovery at Hexham, in the County of Northumberland, of a brass vessel containing a number of the Anglo-Saxon Coins called Stycas; Communicated to the Society of Antiquaries by</i> John Adamson, <i>Esq. M.R.S.L., F.SS.A., London and Edinburgh, F.L.S. Corresp. Memb. Roy. Acad. of Sciences at Lisbon, Memb. of the Roy. Soc. for Ancient Northern Literature at Copenhagen, one of the Secretaries of the Lit. and Phil. Soc. and of the Antiq. Soc. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, &c. &c.</i> (1832)

The accidental discovery of a number of these Coins, greater than any hitherto made, having been communicated to me by the Reverend William Airey, the Perpetual Curate of Hexham, I am enabled to lay the following account before the Society of Antiquaries. On Monday the fifteenth day of October last, the sexton and his assistant were employed in preparing a grave, at the west side of the north transept of the present church of Hexham, about three yards from the wall. It was in that part of the church-yard now used, which is called the Campey Hill; and which many years ago was an eminence, but has since been levelled; and, though not originally any portion of the burial ground, has been of late years appropriated for that purpose. Why this place received its name of the Campey Hill we have not at the present day the means of ascertaining; but the hill would appear to have been principally formed by the ruins of part of the church, and the consequent accumulations of soil and rubbish since the time at which the Coins were concealed, which was prior to the erection of the present building.
Characterization of an Anti-MUC1 Monoclonal Antibody with Potential as a Cancer Vaccine (2001)

The monoclonal antibody (MAb) AR20.5 is a murine MAb, generated against the tandem repeat protein backbone of the tumor-associated antigen MUC1. MAb AR20.5 reacts strongly with either the soluble form or the cell surface epitope of MUC1 on many human cancer cell lines. It also reacts with a 23-amino acid MUC1 peptide, E23, which includes the core tandem repeat sequence. Epitope mapping confirmed that MAb AR20.5 recognizes a minimum of six residues with the sequence DTRPAP. Inhibition of glycosylation of MUC1 resulted in decreased binding of MAb AR20.5 to cell surface MUC1, suggesting that MAb AR20.5 binding is carbohydrate dependent. The antibody was studied in a human PBL-SCID/beige mouse model to evaluate its effect on progression of NIH:OVARCAR-3 tumors. Tumor reduction was observed in mice injected with MAb AR20.5, but not in mice treated with control murine antibody or PBS (p < 0.001 and p < 0.05, respectively). An anti-tumor effect could also be demonstrated in a CB6F1 mouse model with the MUC1 transfectoma 413BCR.
ModelCraft (2006)

With the availability of affordable new desktop fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and laser cutting, physical models are used increasingly often during the architectural and industrial design cycle. Models can easily be annotated to capture comments, edits and other forms of feedback. Unfortunately, these annotations remain in the physical world and cannot be easily transferred back to the digital world. Here we present a simple solution to this problem based on a tracking pattern printed on the surface of each model. Our solution is inexpensive, requires no tracking infrastructure or per object calibration, and can be used in the field without a computer nearby. It lets users not only capture annotations, but also edit the model using a simple yet versatile command system. Once captured, annotations and edits are merged into the original CAD models. There they can be easily edited or further refined. We present the design of a SolidWorks plug-in implementing this concept, and report initial feedback from potential users using our prototype. We also present how this prototype could be extended seamlessly to a fully functional system using current 3D printing technology.
Structure and Behavior of Materials for Micromechanical Devices (1998)

Abstract The mechanical behavior of thin film microfabricated devices depends in large part on the material microstructure, which in turn depends on the conditions under which the films are deposited. As a result of material sensitivities to various deposition parameters, new techniques have been developed for thorough characterization and monitoring of film properties such as modulus, residual stress, microactuator force generation, and fatigue. Residual stresses in films, which can lead to fracture, buckling, or curling of surface micromachined devices and can influence microactuator behavior, vary considerably with processing conditions. A study of as-deposited in situ phosphorus doped polycrystalline silicon shows a strong correlation between microstructure and residual stress. The gradient in residual stress through the film thickness was determined by measuring the substrate’s curvature, then etching away a thin layer of the film with a plasma etch, and repeating the process until the entire film was removed. These measurements were then compared with cross-sectional transmission electron micrographs of the films, an example of which is shown in Fig. 1. While the overall stress is compressive, crystallization occurring near the substrate results in a tensile stress component, inducing a stress gradient.
Cyclization by radical displacement on ester groups. Conversion of acetals to lactones by radical abstraction with stereoelectronic control of bond scission (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization by radical displacement on ester groups. Conversion of acetals to lactones by radical abstraction with stereoelectronic control of bond scissionCarolyn M. Rynard, Chacko Thankachan, and Thomas T. TidwellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 5, 1196–1201Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00499a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00499a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA quadruplexes with lateral loops - molecular modelling studyof conformational behavior (2002)

Advanced methods of molecular modelling have been applied on
the DNA quadruplexes. A long scale molecular dynamics (MD) has
been applied together with a post processing analysis including
the study of solvation, interactions with ions, the free energy
contribution ant the entropy analysis.
Enzymatische Schutzgruppenchemie an Glucalen (1990)

D-Glucal (1) und Tri-O-acetyl-D-glucal (2) sind in guten Ausbeuten aus D-Glucose zugänglich. Die ungesättigten Verbindungen 1 und 2 bzw. geeignete Derivate eröffnen eine Vielzahl interessanter synthetischer Möglichkeiten, so zum Beispiel Ferrier-2 und Claisen-Umlagerungen3 sowie Haloalkoxylierungen4 und Azidonitratisierungen.5
Isolation of acetylenic sterols from a higher plant. Further evidence that marine sterols are not unique (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of acetylenic sterols from a higher plant. Further evidence that marine sterols are not uniqueToshihiro Akihisa, Toshitake Tamura, Taro Matsumoto, W. C. M. C. Kokke, and Takao YokotaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 3, 606–610Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00264a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00264a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency of the <i>TMPRSS2:ERG</i> gene fusion is increased in moderate to poorly differentiated prostate cancers (2007)

This study indicates that TMPRSS2:ERG gene rearrangements in CaP may be used as a diagnostic tool to identify prognostically relevant sub-classifications of these cancers.
Thermal lens detector system for capillary electrophoresis (1997)

The characteristics and the performance of a thermal lens detector, which uses a double-beam absorption scheme, were studied in a capillary electrophoresis system with various types of toxic pollutants, e.g., pesticides. The setup of the detector system was miniaturized using the smallest diverging path lengths between the cell and the pinhole (4 mm). The probe laser beam (He:Ne laser, 633 nm) and the excitation beam (Ar+ ion laser, 364, 457, 488, and 514 nm) with a crossed setup were directed by mirrors into two microscope objectives that focused the beam to a 5-mm waist inside the capillary. The detection volume was on the order of 75 nl when a 75-mm capillary was employed. The change in intensity of the probe beam was detected by a photodiode behind a pinhole, which was protected with different band-pass interference filters. The excitation laser can be used in the multiline order. Micellar electrokinetic methods are used for pesticide separation. The performance of the detector in capillary electrophoresis was assessed with various types of capillaries and compared with a conventional absorption detector. The limit of detection is at least one order of magnitude better than it is with the absorption detector.
Comparisons of the Educational Value of Distance Delivered versus Traditional Classroom Instruction in Introductory Agricultural Economics (2005)

As many universities are promoting distance courses, the comparative advantages and disadvantages over conventional classroom delivery are being debated. Student attitudes and test performance in an introductory microeconomics course are compared across the two different course delivery formats. Results show that students with average or below-average college aptitude test scores perform more poorly in the distance class.
The Lethal Effect of Triethylene Glycol Vapor on Air-Borne Bacteria and Influenza Virus (1943)

115MetricsTotal Downloads11Last 6 Months3Last 12 Months5Total Citations5Last 6 Months0Last 12 Months0View all metrics
Regulation by T Cells of Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction in Mouse Lung as Reflected by Mononuclear Cells, Mast Cells and Mucus-Producing Cells (1988)

The appearance of mononuclear cells, mast cells and mucus-producing cells in the lung and their linkage to the development of delayed hypersensitivity (DH) reactions were studied. Adoptive transfer of immune lymph node cells, spleen cells and serum and in vivo treatment with monoclonal antibodies to L3T4-positive T cells in Balb/c mice were performed to investigate the cellular regulation of the number of mononuclear cells, mast cells and mucus-producing cells in the lung. Immune lymph node cells and, to a lesser extent, immune spleen cells from mice sensitized epicutaneously with picrylchloride transferred DH reactions to the recipients as assessed by ear thickness increase after challenge. Serum from sensitized mice was not able to transfer a DH reaction. Cyclophosphamide treatment of donor mice increased the DH reaction in the recipient mice. Adoptive transfer of immune lymph node cells and spleen cells gave a slight increase in the number of mononuclear cells in the lung of recipient mice compared with controls. This weak accumulation of mononuclear cells in the lungs of recipient mice, however, was not accompanied by a consistent increase in the number of mucus-producing cells and mast cells. The number of spleen cells expressing the L3T4 antigen decreased after in vivo treatment with the monoclonal GK1.5 (anti-L3T4) antibody as assessed by immunohistochemistry. This antibody treatment also resulted in an inhibition of the DH reaction and a decrease in the number of mononuclear cells and mucus-producing cells, but not in mast cells in the lung of sensitized and challenged mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hybrid identification of unlabeled nuclear power plant transients with artificial neural networks (2002)

Proper and rapid identification of malfunctions (transients) is of premier importance for the safe operation of nuclear power plants. Feedforward neural networks trained with the backpropagation algorithm are frequently applied to model simulated nuclear power plant malfunctions. The correct identification of unlabeled transients-or transients of the "don't-know" type-have proven to be especially challenging. A novel hybrid neural network methodology is presented which correctly classifies unlabeled transients. From this analysis the importance for properly accommodating practical aspects such as the drift of electronics elements, numerical integration accumulating errors, and the digitization of simulated and actual plant signals became obvious. Various ANN based models were successfully applied to identify labeled and unlabeled malfunctions of the Hungarian Paks nuclear power plant simulator.
Crystal and Magnetic Structure of the Orthorhombic Perovskite YbMnO<sub>3</sub>. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.