gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of alpha-adrenergic hormones in potassium homeostasis in the rat. (1987)

To determine whether alpha-adrenergic stimulation impairs extrarenal potassium disposal in the rat, we studied the effect of an alpha-agonist and antagonist on the rise in plasma potassium concentration produced by a potassium infusion of 3 mEq KCl/kg over a 90-minute period to nephrectomized rats. Compared with KCl alone, the alpha-agonist phenylephrine caused more than a 25% increment in the peak plasma potassium, and reduced the volume of distribution of the potassium load. Addition of the alpha-blocker, phentolamine, to phenylephrine completely abolished the increment in potassium caused by KCl infusion. There were no differences in plasma bicarbonate, arterial pH, or plasma glucose levels among the groups. When an identical protocol was performed in nephrectomized rats also prepared by adrenalectomy, induction of diabetes, and chemical sympathectomy, the rise in plasma potassium level after KCl infusion was again augmented by phenylephrine. Addition of phentolamine also markedly blunted the increment in potassium in this group. These results show that alpha-adrenergics impair extrarenal potassium disposal in the rat. The effect does not depend on endogenous insulin or other potassium-regulatory factors. alpha-Adrenergics appear to play an important role in extrarenal potassium homeostasis.
Language independent generation of graphical representations of source code (1995)

There are many potential benefiti to be gained from the effective we of graphical representatiom of source code. To be of practical we, however, ruch graphical representations mwt be automatically generated and supported in aoftware. There are e&tiny tools that provide this functionality, but many are source language specific. That is, they can only be wed with source code written in, say, Ada.
The autophosphorylated Ser686, Thr688, and Ser689 residues in the intracellular juxtamembrane domain of XA21 are implicated in stability control of rice receptor‐like kinase (2006)

The rice gene Xa21 confers resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Xa21 encodes a receptor-like kinase (XA21). We demonstrate that XA21 autophosphorylates residues Ser686, Thr688 and Ser689 in vitro. Substitution of these residues with alanines did not affect the autophosphorylation function of this kinase, but specifically destabilized the resistance protein in vitro and in vivo. Plants carrying these same substitutions in XA21 were compromised in their resistance to the normally avirulent Xoo Philippine race 6. Additionally, we show that wild-type XA21 and the kinase-dead mutant with the invariable Lys736 residue mutated to glutamic acid were also proteolytically degraded in protein extracts. Finally, we show a correlation between the in vitro degradation and in vivo instability of the proteins. We propose that autophosphorylation of Ser686, Thr688 and Ser689 functions to stabilize XA21 against the developmentally controlled proteolytic activity.
GPLP: a local and parallel computation toolbox for Gaussian process regression (2012)

This paper presents the Getting-started style documentation for the local and parallel computation toolbox for Gaussian process regression (GPLP), an open source software package written in Matlab (but also compatible with Octave). The working environment and the usage of the software package will be presented in this paper.
Pharmacokinetics of Natural Progesterone Vaginal Suppository (2004)

Natural and synthetic progesterone have been used to treat luteal insufficiency, premenstrual syndrome, and in infertile patients. The transvaginal route has advantages, such as lack of local pain, avoidance of first-pass hepatic metabolism, rapid absorption, high bioavailability and local endometrial effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic of natural progesterone administered as vaginal suppositories of 25, 50 or 100 mg. Thirty-five healthy ovulating patients, 31.54 +/- 1.29 (mean +/- SEM) years old, in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (between days 7 and 10) participated in the study. They were separated in three groups and received vaginal suppositories containing either 25, 50 or 100 mg of natural progesterone. Progesterone serum concentration reached maximal levels within 2 or 3 h after the administration and was similar for the three groups (7.27 +/- 2.8 ng/ml; 8.84 +/- 3.14 ng/ml; 9.82 +/- 9.8 ng/ml, respectively). This study demonstrated that vaginally administered progesterone could reach levels that are similar to those obtained in ovulatory and luteal phases. The progesterone regimen for adequate endometrial protection and in vitro fertilization (IVF) programs still remains to be studied.
Technology of fluropolymers (2001)

Introduction. Basic Chemistry of Fluoropolymers. Properties of Commercial Fluoropolymers. Technology and Applications of Commercial Fluoroplastics. Technology and Applications of Fluoroelastomers. Technology and Applications of Aqueous Fluoropolymer Systems. Effects of Heat, Radiation and Environment on Fluoropolymers. Recent Developments in Chemistry and Technology of Fluoropolymers. Recycling. References. Appendices.
Permeability for Intestinal Absorption: Caco-2 Assay and Related Issues (2008)

In vitro permeability assays remain a valuable tool of screening scientists for lead compound optimization. As a majority of discovery projects are focused on the development of orally bioavailable drugs, the need for predictability and correlation of in vitro permeability data to in vivo absorption results has never been greater. For more than a decade, the Caco-2 screening assay has remained a popular, in vitro system to test compounds for intestinal permeability and efflux liability. Despite advances in artificial membrane technology and in silico modeling systems, drug compounds still benefit from testing in cell-based epithelial monolayer assays for lead optimization and SAR. This review discusses the strengths and limitations of the Caco-2 permeability assay, and puts into context the power of combining multiple assays and approaches to improve predictability and rank-ordering for lead compound optimization. Technical information for dealing with some of the most pressing issues with in vitro permeability assays (i.e. low aqueous solubility and low post-assay recovery) is also discussed. Insights are offered to help researchers avoid common pitfalls in the interpretation of in vitro permeability data, which can often lead to the perception of misleading results for correlation to in vivo data. In addition, the advantages of addressing the issue of efflux liability early in the drug development process is discussed, detailing the usefulness of Caco-2 cells for this type of screening paradigm.
Applications of microwave oven sample dissolution in analysis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of microwave oven sample dissolution in analysisR. A. NadkarniCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 12, 2233–2237Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00276a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00276a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views837Altmetric-Citations198LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Zu ausgewählten Aspekten der Entwicklung des Leistungsstrebens und -verhaltens von Lehrlingen: Forschungsbericht zur Leistungsintervallstudie (1988)

In der Studie werden auf der Grundlage einer Befragung von 485 Lehrlingen des 2. Lehrjahres aus dem Jahr 1987 einige Aspekte der Entwicklung des Leistungsstrebens und Leistungsverhaltens junger Werktätiger in der DDR untersucht. Als Hauptergebnis wird festgestellt, daß soziale Faktoren gegenüber einer Vergleichsuntersuchung aus dem Vorjahr nur eine geringe Rolle spielen. Erstrebenswert erscheint den Lehrlingen, ohne große Anstrengungen ein angenehmes Leben zu führen. Dieses Ergebnis entspricht in der Tendenz auch der Frage nach Lebenszielen und Zukunftsplänen. Einige geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede werden herausgearbeitet. Es wird nach der Zufriedenheit mit den Berufsbedingungen und Lebensbedingungen gefragt. Dabei wird festgestellt, daß der Stellenwert der Zufriedenheit mit dem Freizeitangebot relativ groß ist. Die Einstellungen zur Arbeit werden anhand des Leistungsverhaltens beurteilt, wobei als Kriterium die Haltung zur Normerfüllung und zum Bemühen um effektivere Realisierung herangezogen wird. Generell wird eine gesunkene Leistungsbereitschaft beobachtet. Dabei scheint den Lehrlingen bewußt zu sein, daß Interesse an den Arbeitsaufgaben notwendig für eine erfolgreiche Ausbildung ist. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Untersuchungsergebnisse wird gefragt, inwieweit die Lehrlinge durch die Ausbildung belastet sind und ob sie sich den Anforderungen gewachsen fühlen. Insgesamt wird festgestellt, daß das Streben der Lehrlingen nach hohen Leistungen nicht befriedigt. Das Streben nach hohen Ausbildungsleistungen wird vor allem von finanziellen Erwartungen getragen. (ICA)
Preliminary data on changes in neural tube defect prevalence rates after folic acid fortification in South America (2003)

Several South American countries are fortifying wheat flour with folic acid. However, only Chile started in 2000 to add 2.2 mg/kg, providing 360 microg daily per capita, an acceptable dosage for preventing the occurrence of some neural tube defect (NTD) cases. ECLAMC (Spanish acronym for the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations) routinely monitoring birth defects in South America since 1976, surveyed the impact of this fortification. Data from 361,374 births occurred in 43 South American hospitals, distributed in five different countries, active throughout the 1999-2001 triennium, were selected from the ECLAMC network. Birth prevalence rates for three different congenital anomalies with similar expected prevalence rates, were surveyed by the Cumulative Sum Method (CUSUM) method. They were NTD, oral clefts (OC), and Down syndrome (DS). Expected values were derived from observations made in 1999, and CUSUM was applied to the consecutive series of 24 months covering years 2000 and 2001. Only one of three congenital anomaly types, NTDs, in only one of five sampled out countries, Chile, showed a significant decrease, of 31%, during the 2000-2001 biennium, corresponding to the birth of the periconceptionally fortified infants. The level of significance (P < 0.001) was reached in the 20th month after fortification started, corresponding to August 2001. This is the first observation of a significant decrease in the occurrence of NTD after folic acid food fortification in a population little influenced by confounders common in the developed world as pre-existing secular decreasing trends, and partially unregistered induced abortions.
On vehicle tracking data-based road network generation (2012)

Road networks are important datasets for an increasing number of applications. However, the creation and maintenance of such datasets pose interesting research challenges. This work proposes an automatic road network generation algorithm that takes vehicle tracking data in the form of trajectories as input and produces a road network graph. This effort addresses the challenges of evolving map data sets, specifically by focusing on (i) automatic map-attribute generation (weights), (ii) automatic road network generation, and (iii) by providing a quality assessment. An experimental study assesses the quality of the algorithms by generating a part of the road network of Athens, Greece, using trajectories derived from GPS tracking a school bus fleet.
Antiepileptogenesis and Seizure Prevention Trials with Antiepileptic Drugs: Meta‐Analysis of Controlled Trials (2001)

Effective or promising results predominate for provoked (acute, symptomatic) seizures. For unprovoked (epileptic) seizures, no drug has been shown to be effective, and some have had a clinically important effect ruled out.
A Novel Stable Supersaturated Submicron Lipid Emulsion Of Tirilazad (1999)

This paper describes a novel supersaturated submicron lipid emulsion for parenteral drug delivery. Tirilazad was used as an amphiphilic model drug for the preparation and characterization of the supersaturated emulsions with concentrations more than two times higher than the drug solubility in the emulsion. Analysis of particle size distribution using photon correlation spectroscopy indicated that the mean particle diameters of the supersaturated 10 and 20% lipid emulsions of tirilazad were approximately 210 and 240 nm, respectively, and that the mean particle size and size distribution of the supersaturated tirilazad emulsions were not different from those of the non-supersaturated tirilazad emulsions. The apparent viscosity of the supersaturated tirilazad emulsions, as measured by continuous rheometry, was similar to that of the non-supersaturated tirilazad emulsions. However, the zeta potential of the supersaturated tirilazad emulsions, as determined by the electrophoretic light-scattering technique, was found to be dependent on drug load and was lower than that of the non-supersaturated tirilazad emulsion. Fractionation by ultracentrifugation showed that at low drug loads, the amount of drug associated with the emulsion particles and the infranatant fraction appeared to increase linearly with increasing concentration of the drug. By contrast, the amount of drug associated with the emulsion particles increased rapidly, whereas the amount of drug associated with the infranatant fraction remained constant for emulsions with a high drug load. These results suggest that the excess drug in the supersaturated emulsions is largely associated with the lipid phase. Accelerated stability studies under stress conditions (i.e., autoclaving and shaking) and long-term storage stability tests demonstrated that the supersaturated tirilazad emulsions had excellent physical stability over the study period of 16 months.
Fiducial‐based targeting accuracy for external‐beam radiotherapy (2002)

The accuracy of fiducial-based alignment of external radiotherapy beams is analyzed. The study considers three basic computational methods to determine the target position--the exact closed-form solution for three fiducials, the solution via singular value decomposition for four or more fiducials, and the iterative solution for any number of fiducials--and assesses their accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. Particular attention is paid to inaccuracies arising from the variability of fiducial positions in soft tissue. In nearly every test case it is found that all three solution methods, when properly implemented, yield the same result for the target position, but that the method of singular value decomposition must be modified to distinguish rotations from reflections. When an accurate measure of the rotation of the target site is needed, four fiducials give much better results than three, while more than five fiducials gain little further improvement.
FSH dystrophy and a subtelomeric 4q haplotype: a new assay and associations with disease (2010)

Our results from a heterogeneous population are consistent with the previously described association of the 4qA161 haplotype with FSHD, but a causal association with pathogenesis is uncertain. In addition, we found that haplotype analysis is complicated by the presence of minor 10q alleles. Nonetheless, our sequencing assay for the 4qA161allele can enhance molecular diagnosis of FSHD, including prenatal diagnosis, and is simpler to perform than the previously described assay.
Electrical Transport Properties of Multilayered Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films (2012)

An improved layer-by-layer vacuum filtration method was adopted for the fabrication of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films aiming at a series of SWCNT films with controllable thickness and density. The electrical transport properties of the multilayered SWCNT films have been investigated. With the constant film density, the decrease of the layer number of the SWCNT film results in an increase of the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR). SWCNT film with 95% metallic nanotubes has shown a lower TCR than that of the SWCNT films with a low percentage of metallic nanotubes. The effect of thermal annealing and subsequent acid (HNO 3 ) treatment on the electrical properties of the SWCNT films has also been investigated.
Bilateral carotid body tumor: The role of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the preoperative diagnosis (2008)

Carotid body (CB) is a round to ovoid or flattened structure situated within the adventitia of the common carotid artery bifurcation on both sides of the neck. CB contains two basic types of cells: chief cells (or glomus type 1) and sustentacular cells (glomus type 2). Carotid body tumor (CBT) or paraganglioma arises from the chief cells of the carotid body. The diagnosis of CBT is typically made with radiological studies. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is seldom requested for this purpose due to rare but dreadful reported complications such as hemorrhage and damage to the carotid artery. In this report we discuss the cytological findings of a malignant CBT diagnosed by FNAB in a 22 year-old female.
An Integrated Approach to Crop Genetic Improvement<sup>F</sup> (2012)

The balance between the supply and demand of the major food crops is fragile, fueling concerns for long-term global food security. The rising population, increasing wealth and a proliferation of non-food uses (e.g. bioenergy) has led to growing demands on agriculture, while increased production is limited by greater urbanization, and the degradation of land. Furthermore, global climate change with increasing temperatures and lower, more erratic rainfall is projected to decrease agricultural yields. There is a predicted need to increase food production by at least 70% by 2050 and therefore an urgent need to develop novel and integrated approaches, incorporating high-throughput phenotyping that will both increase production per unit area and simultaneously improve the resource use efficiency of crops. Yield potential, yield stability, nutrient and water use are all complex multigenic traits and while there is genetic variability, their complexity makes such traits difficult to breed for directly. Nevertheless molecular plant breeding has the potential to deliver substantial improvements, once the component traits and the genes underlying these traits have been identified. In addition, interactions between the individual traits must also be taken into account, a demand that is difficult to fulfill with traditional screening approaches. Identified traits will be incorporated into new cultivars using conventional or biotechnological tools. In order to better understand the relationship between genotype, component traits, and environment over time, a multidisciplinary approach must be adopted to both understand the underlying processes and identify candidate genes, QTLs and traits that can be used to develop improved crops.
Three Visions of Man: A Note (1957)

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Calibration Module for Battery Management System of Medical Devices (2019)

One of the main problems encountered in the development of a mobile medical device is the organization of power supply. Widely used rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have significant flaws, forcing to use a specialized battery management system that protects the battery from working outside its safe working area, ensuring maximum performance. A calibration circuit was developed for testing and adjusting a battery management system in process of fabrication to compensate the offset and gain of measurement circuits of the voltage, current and temperature. The technical solution of the calibrator was based on the development of three sections: the communication, control and temperature, the voltage supply and the current supply section. The voltage supply module was a multichannel precision voltage reference that simulated the voltage of a battery cells. The developed current supply section ensured the formation of electric current with an error of no more than one percent. Calibration of the battery management system allowed lithium-ion battery to operate in the range of permissible parameters, which was determinant in reducing the effect of short battery lifetime and eliminated possible dangerous situations.
Ammonia-assisted dehydrofluorination between PVDF and Nafion for highly selective and low-cost proton exchange membranes: a possible way to further strengthen the commercialization of Nafion (2015)

Low-cost PEM with high performance is prepared<italic>via</italic>dehydrofluorination reactions between PVDF and Nafion with the aid of ammonia.
Characteristics of Chromium Addition on Raney Nickel Catalyst for AFC (2001)

The effects of chromium addition on the catalytic activity of Raney nickel in alkaline fuel cell (AFC) have been studied. When the catalysts are prepared from various contents of chromium, the electrochemical characteristics shows the highest mass activity of 3.588 A/g. Operating temperature and electrolyte concentration of half cell were and 6N KOH, respectively. With the addition of chromium, the particle size is diminished from 12.11 to 11.07 and the decrease of particle size contributes to the enlargement of the specific surface area from 0.653 /g to 0.685/g. The residual aluminium contents of Raney nickel surface are considerably influenced by the particle size and chromium acts as sintering inhibitor.