gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radical Prostatectomy: Is Complete Resection of the Seminal Vesicles Really Necessary? (1996)

In 71 consecutive patients undergoing radical prostatectomy no tumor was found in the distal 1 cm. of the seminal vesicles, including 12 with seminal vesicle invasion. We continue to advocate complete excision of the seminal vesicles during radical prostatectomy. However, if dissection is difficult and a small fragment is left behind, the prognosis is unlikely to be altered.
Platelet heterogeneity: physiology and pathological consequences (2002)

Individual platelets vary in terms of volume, density and reactivity. Ever since the seminal paper by Karpatkin, the biological significance of this platelet heterogeneity has been strongly contested.
A L[CLC]y[/CLC]α Bright Jet from a Herbig A[CLC]e[/CLC] Star (2000)

We report the detection in Lyα of a collimated, bipolar outflow (HH 409) associated with the 1.5-10 Myr old Herbig Ae star HD 163296. A blueshifted jet is visible in Lyα and Si III extending toward the southwest for at least 6'' (725 AU). The combination of low line-of-sight extinction and relative faintness of the central star near Lyα enables us to trace the jet to within an unprecedented 006 (7.3 AU) of HD 163296. The jet has a radial velocity of 335-380 km s-1, which is common for protostellar outflows. We also detected redshifted Lyα emission southwest of the star that may be due to infall or a poorly collimated wind component. If the age of the star is correct, then protostellar outflows may last up to 10 times longer than previously believed.
Reduction of ribonuclease by glutathione at elevated temperatures: the molecular mechanism (1967)

1. The mechanism of the reaction between ribonuclease and GSH at elevated temperatures has been studied by using N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl)-maleimide to label the reduced ribonuclease. 2. After incubation for 2hr. at 35 degrees , enzymically active ribonuclease was recovered; at 50.8 degrees half of the initial ribonuclease was recovered as enzymically active ribonuclease and half as reduced labelled ribonuclease; at 55 degrees all of the initial ribonuclease was recovered in the labelled form. 3. It was inferred that the rate-limiting step was the reduction of the first disulphide bond in any one molecule. This was followed by rapid reduction of the other bonds in the same molecule.
Coherent 1-μm lidar measurements of atmospheric-turbulence-induced spatial decorrelation using a multielement heterodyne detector array (1992)

We have employed a coherent 1-microm Nd:YAG lidar system to measure directly, for the first time to our knowledge, the reduced spatial coherence length, p(0), of the lidar returns caused by atmospheric turbulence. Our experiments were conducted by using a 2 x 2 heterodyne detector array, which permitted real-time spatial correlation measurements of the lidar returns at two different detector spacings. The spatial correlation coefficients and spatial coherence length of the lidar returns from a hard target weremeasured during a day-to-night time period when the atmospheric turbulence parameter, C(n)(2), was measured to vary from 2 x 10(-13) to 2 x 10(-14) m(-1/3). These directly measured values of p(0) as a function of C(n)(2) were found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
ANALYSIS OF EFFECT OF CARSHARING ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOR (2011)

本研究は，カーシェアリング（以下CS）への加入が交通行動，とりわけ自動車利用距離の削減に及ぼす影響を把握することを目的に，京都市内のCS会員に対して実施したアンケート調査結果を分析した．具体的には，CS加入前後の自家用車保有状況別に回答者をグループ分けし，自動車利用距離（自家用車とCS車両の利用距離）の変化を把握した．結果，CSに加入することで自家用車を手放した回答者の自動車利用距離は，加入後に約8割減少していることが明らかとなった．さらに，加入後に自動車利用距離が増加している回答者を含めた回答者全員の自動車利用距離の合計でも，約3割減少していた．これは，CS加入後に自動車利用が増加していた回答者の増加量を上回るほど，自家用車を手放した回答者の自動車利用距離削減量が大きかったためであった．
Rescue of Impaired Angiogenesis in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Intramuscular Human Tissue Kallikrein Gene Transfer (2001)

Angiogenesis represents a compensatory response targeted to preserve the integrity of tissues subjected to ischemia. The aim of the present study was to examine whether reparative angiogenesis is impaired in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as a function of progression of hypertension. In addition, the potential of gene therapy with human tissue kallikrein (HK) in revascularization was challenged in SHR and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) that underwent excision of the left femoral artery. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and HK was upregulated in ischemic hindlimb of WKY but not of SHR. Capillary density was increased in ischemic adductor muscle of WKY (from 266+/-20 to 633+/-73 capillaries/mm(2) at 28 days, P<0.001), whereas it remained unchanged in SHR (from 276+/-20 to 354+/-48 capillaries/mm(2), P=NS), thus compromising perfusion recovery as indicated by reduced plantar blood flow ratio (0.61+/-0.08 versus 0.92+/-0.07 in WKY at 28 days, P<0.05). In separate experiments, saline or 5x10(9) pfu adenovirus containing the HK gene (Ad.CMV-cHK) or the beta-galactosidase gene (Ad.CMV-LacZ) was injected intramuscularly at 7 days after the induction of ischemia. Ad.CMV-cHK augmented capillary density and accelerated hemodynamic recovery in both strains, but these effects were more pronounced in SHR (P<0.01). Our results indicate that native angiogenic response to ischemia is impaired in SHR, possibly as a result of defective modulation of endothelial cell mitogens. Supplementation with kallikrein, one of the growth factors found to be deficient in SHR, restores physiological angiogenic response utilitarian for tissue healing. Our discoveries may have important implications in vascular medicine for therapeutic benefit.
Deep brain stimulation compared with bariatric surgery for the treatment of morbid obesity: a decision analysis study (2010)

Deep brain stimulation must achieve a success rate of 83% to be equivalent to bariatric surgery. This high-threshold success rate is probably due to the reported success rate of LRYGB, despite its higher complication rate (33.4%) compared with DBS (19.4%). The results support further research into the role of DBS for the treatment of obesity.
p38 Regulates Pigmentation via Proteasomal Degradation of Tyrosinase (2010)

The synthesis of melanin pigments, or melanogenesis, is regulated by the balance of a variety of signal transduction pathways. Among these pathways, p38 MAPK signaling was found to be involved in stress-induced melanogenesis and to be activated by alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) and ultraviolet irradiation. Previous studies have shown that alpha-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis can be inhibited by blocking p38 MAPK activity with SB203580, a pyridinyl imidazole compound. Consistent with this, we observed that pyridinyl imidazoles (SB203580 and SB202190) inhibited both basal and alpha-MSH-induced melanogenesis in B16 melanoma cells. However, SB202474, which has no ability to inhibit p38 MAPK activity and is usually used as a negative control compound in p38 MAPK studies, also suppressed melanin synthesis induction. Furthermore, the independence of the p38 kinase pathway from the repression of melanogenesis by pyridinyl imidazole compounds was also confirmed by small interfering RNA experiments. Interfering with p38 MAPK expression surprisingly stimulated melanogenesis and tyrosinase family protein expression. Although the molecular mechanism(s) by which p38 promotes the degradation of melanogenic enzymes remain to be determined, the involvement of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was demonstrated by co-treatment with the proteasome-specific inhibitor MG132 and the relative decrease in the ubiquitination of tyrosinase in cells transfected with p38-specific small interfering RNA.
Quantification and reduction of uncertainties in a wind turbine numerical model based on a global sensitivity analysis and a recursive Bayesian inference approach (2021)

Abstract A framework to perform quantification and reduction of uncertainties in a wind turbine numerical model using a global sensitivity analysis and a recursive Bayesian inference method is developed in this article. We explain how a prior probability distribution on the model parameters is transformed into a posterior probability distribution, by incorporating a physical model and real field noisy observations. Nevertheless, these approaches suffer from the so‐called curse of dimensionality. In order to reduce the dimension, Sobol' indices approach for global sensitivity analysis, in the context of wind turbine modeling, is presented. A major issue arising for such inverse problems is identifiability, that is, whether the observations are sufficient to unambiguously determine the input parameters that generated the observations. Global sensitivity analysis is also used in the context of identifiability.
Resonant photo-pumping of neon-like cobalt with sodium Ly- alpha radiation (1994)

Measurements of the resonance between the Ly- alpha line of sodium and the 2s to 4p transition in neon-like cobalt are presented, which show a good resonance between cobalt and sodium. The cobalt line is measured at 10.0222 AA+or-1.1 mAA, just 1 mAA below the short wavelength component of the Ly- alpha sodium line. Results from model calculations are presented that show that this resonance can be used in experiments to study enhanced fluorescence due to photo-pumping and as part of a resonantly photo-pumped X-ray laser scheme which would lase on several 2p to 2s transitions near 83 AA and 92 AA in neon-like cobalt.
Recovery of Indium from Spent Panel of Liquid Crystal Display Panels (2008)

微量のインジウムを含有する使用済み液晶パネルからインジウムを選択的に分離，精製，回収するための基礎的研究を行った．使用済み液晶パネルの酸による浸出実験を行った結果，塩酸を用いることで王水に匹敵する効率で抽出が可能なことがわかった．また，トリオクチル酸化ホスフィンの抽出試薬を用いることで，高濃度の塩酸溶液からインジウムを回収できることを明らかにした．さらに，4級アンモニウム化合物，およびトリオクチル酸化ホスフィンを含浸させた2種の多孔性樹脂を調製し，2つのカラムに充填し直列に連結した装置に液晶パネル中に含まれる金属を全て含む 3 M（mol dm−3）の塩酸のモデル液を通液した．その結果，不純物として共存する亜鉛，錫，鉄などの金属を前者のカラムによりあらかじめ吸着・除去することでインジウムを効率的に分離することができた．さらに，溶離液として0.1 Mの硫酸を通液することで供給液に対して10倍程度に濃縮して回収することができた.
Investigation of Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub>-Based Thin Film Solar Cells Using Abundant Materials (2005)

Aiming to develop the solar cells free from both environmental contaminants and rare metals, thin film solar cells were produced by using Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) as an absorber. CZTS thin films could be successfully formed by the vapor phase sulfurization of precursors prepared by the electron-beam evaporation on the soda-lime glass substrates. The atomic ratio of Cu/(Zn+Sn) was varied from nearly 0.5 to 1.2 to investigate the influence of the composition on the surface morphology and the optical properties. In order to optimize the sulfurization condition, we varied the sulfurization temperature from 510°C to 550°C. As the results, the value of the conversion efficiency of 4.53% was obtained for the cell of which CZTS absorber sulfurized at 520°C.
COVID-19: Infection or Autoimmunity (2020)

The clinical and laboratory features of COVID-19 are reviewed with attention to the immunologic manifestations of the disease. Recent COVID-19 publications describe a variety of clinical presentations including an asymptomatic state, pneumonia, a hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis like syndrome, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) but, also called Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome-Toxic Shock (PIMS-TS), Kawasaki Disease, and myocarditis. A common theme amongst multiple reports suggests an overexuberant autoimmune component of the disease but a common pathophysiology to explain the variations in clinical presentation has been elusive. Review of the basic science of other viral induced autoimmune disorders may give clues as to why immunosuppressive and immunomodulating regimens now appear to have some efficacy in COVID-19. Review of the immunopathology also reveals other therapies that have yet to be explored. There is potential use of T cell depleting therapies and possibly anti-CD20 therapy for COVID-19 and clinical research using these medications is warranted.
A Group-Based Protocol for Improving Energy Distribution in Smart Grids (2011)

New communication technologies must be provided in order to improve the energy distribution. As far as we know, there is not any network protocol designed exclusively for this purpose. In this paper, we present the design and simulation of a group-based protocol to improve the energy distribution in smart grids. We will show the group-based architecture and the protocol operation. Finally we will show some measurements taken from a test bench in order to test its performance.
60-GHz-band full-duplex radio-on-fiber system using two-RF-port electroabsorption transceiver (2000)

A full-duplex radio-on-fiber system using a newly developed 60-GHz-band optical transceiver is investigated. We fabricated a 60-GHz-band two-radio-frequency (RF)-port electroabsorption transceiver (EAT) module, which is the first developed 60-GHz-band optical transceiver in the world. The EAT module has individual RF input and output ports, each with impedance-matching circuits that enhance modulation and detection efficiencies near 60 GHz. A radio-on-fiber testbed adopting the EAT has an advantage that a base station becomes the simplest configuration, which basically consists of only the 60-GHz-band EAT. Using the radio-on-fiber testbed, the simultaneous transmission of 59.6-GHz (downlink) and 60.0-GHz (uplink) signals with data of 156 Mb/s is experimentally demonstrated.
Secondary Cataract in Infants After Extracapsular Cataract Extraction and Anterior Vitrectomy (1992)

ABSTRACT Two infants developed secondary cataract after undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE), posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, posterior capsulectomy, and anterior vitrectomy. A similar complication developed in a third child, who had undergone ECCE and posterior capsulotomy. The secondary cataracts developed in these patients from 3 to 12 weeks after the primary operation. In infants, unlike adults, posterior capsulectomy and anterior vitrectomy after ECCE do not seem always to prevent secondary cataracts. In infants, the complication may be related to IOL implantation.
Studies on the Synthese of N-Heterocyclic Compounds. III. Hypocholesterolemic 1, 2, 4-Oxadiazole Derivatives (1) (1973)

3, 5-Disubstituted-1, 2, 4-oxadiazole derivatives containing aryl heteryl substituent at 3 position and amino, mercapto, aryl and heteryl substituent at 5 position have been synthesized. Among these compounds, 3-[4-(1-ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylethoxy)phenyl]-3-(3-pyridyl)-1, 2, 4-oxadiazole exhibited a considerable hypocholesterolemic activity.
Low-Dose Mucosal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Restricts Early Replication Kinetics and Transmitted Virus Variants in Rhesus Monkeys (2010)

Defining the earliest virologic events following human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission may be critical for the design of vaccine strategies aimed at blocking acquisition of HIV-1 infection. In particular, the length of the eclipse phase and the number of transmitted virus variants may define the window in which a prophylactic vaccine must act. Here we show that the dose of the virus inoculum affects these key virologic parameters following intrarectal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of rhesus monkeys. Low-dose SIV infection resulted in a lengthened eclipse phase, fewer transmitted virus variants, and decreased innate immune activation compared with these parameters in high-dose SIV infection. These data suggest a mechanism by which it may be considerably easier for a vaccine to protect against low-risk HIV-1 transmission than against high-risk HIV-1 transmission. These findings have implications for the design and interpretation of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy studies.
Spin dynamics in many-body dipolar system (1997)

Our studies of the many-body character of the spin dipolar interaction in solid-state NMR reveal some unusual and interesting physical chemistry. (I) Rigid Lattice. The transverse correlation functions are calculated by the Kubo-Tomita theory and compared with the measurements. The results suggest that the damped oscillating long-time tail of the dipolar dephasing may be ascribed to the long-range cross correlation governed by the Ising interaction. This gives satisfactory explanation to the recent surprising observation of substantial line-narrowing with long acquisition delays. (ii) Slow Motion. The possibility of effective dipolar decoupling induced by slow lattice motion is demonstrated based on a generalized relaxation formulation and real experiments. (iii) Motional Narrowing. Comparison of some diffusion jump rates determined from NMR motional-narrowing studies and other more direct techniques yields order of magnitude differences in the prefactor of the Arrhenius equation and uncertainties of the activation energies. Numerical experiments illustrate that these {open_quotes}prefactor anomalie{close_quotes} may arise from the highly nonexponential time correlation of the fluctuating local fields due to correlated vacancy migration and reduced dimensionality.
Dilatation of the Constricted Human Airway by Tidal Expansion of Lung Parenchyma (2012)

These findings help to explain heterogeneity of airflow obstruction as well as why, in people with asthma, deep inspirations are less effective in reversing bronchoconstriction.
NMR study of the strain in Co-based multilayers (1994)

The strain in Co layers of multilayers with largely different structural mismatch (Co/Ni, Co/Ag, and Co/Cu) has been measured with nuclear magnetic resonance and compared with a model for strain in multilayers that is based on the model of Van der Merwe and Jesser. For the Co/Ni multilayers, the measured strain depends on both the Co and the Ni layer thicknesses over a large range and follows the behavior expected from the model in the coherent regime. The strain in the Co/Ag multilayers is proportional to 1/${\mathit{t}}_{\mathrm{Co}}$ and independent of the thickness of the Ag layers. This behavior resembles that for the incoherent regime. For Co/Cu multilayers the results indicate that the multilayers are in the transition region from coherent to incoherent behavior.
Shallow injection of hog manure into grassland (2000)

With the expected increase in hog production in Saskatchewan, concern has risen regarding the availability of sufficient land to utilize the manure resource to its full potential as a source of plant nutrients. Increases in inorganic fertilizer costs and concerns about the environmental effects of alternative manure disposal methods have stimulated interest in the use of livestock manure as a plant nutrient source (Hoff , Nelson and Sutton, 1981). Liquid hog manure is a valuable plant nutrient source, which is best perceived as a dilute multi-nutrient solution fertilizer blend. Therefore, application rates in the order of several thousand liters per hectare are required to meet the nutrient requirements of the crop versus 90 to 200 liters per hectare for concentrated commercial solution fertilizer blends (Schoenau, 1997). Ammonia-N losses from livestock manure have been reported to range from 10 to 90% when surface-applied to the soil (Vanderholm, 1975). Hoff, Nelson and Sutton, (1981) showed that 14 to 65% of the ammonia-N was lost over a 3.5 day period, when the hog manure was broadcast on the soil surface. However, if the hog manure was injected, the ammonia-N losses were reduced to 2.5% or less. Hoff, Nelson and Sutton, (1981) suggested that injecting hog manure into the soil would maximize the nutrient value of the hog manure as a fertilizer and would minimize surface water and atmospheric N contamination. There currently is little information on the plant and soil response to injection of hog manure into grasslands on the Canadian prairies. The objectives of the study are (1) to evaluate the practicality of shallow injection of hog manure into typical grassland stands in Saskatchewan (2) to determine the effect hog manure has on forage yield, forage quality and forage nitrate levels at various application rates (3) and to determine the effect on soil nutrients under various hog manure application rates.
RELATION BETWEEN THRESHOLD AND DURATION OF SEIZURES AND ELECTROGRAPHIC CHANGE DURING CONVULSIVE THERAPY (1960)

1 Department, of Experimental Psychiatry, Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, L. I., N. Y. This investigation was supported, in part, by grant, M-927, National Institute of Mental Health, U. S. Public Health Service, and has been adapted from a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Eastern Association of Electroencephalographers, New York, 1958.
<i>p</i>-Terphenyl- and Phenanthraquinone Derivatives: An NMR Study (1997)

(1)H- and (13)C-NMR spectral data are presented for six p-terphenylquinone derivatives (and for two monosubstituted quinones 1 and 2, used as model compounds) and for 9,10-phenanthraquinone and retenequinone. The chemical shifts were confirmed through correlation spectroscopy and NOE measurements.
Digital subcarrier cross-connects (DSXCs) (2012)

Digital subcarrier cross-connect (DSXC) is a circuit switching node which offers bandwidth flexibility, improved transmission performance, and electric power efficiency in transport networks. In contrast to the time division multiplexing-based optical transport network (OTN) architectures, DSXC makes use of frequency division multiplexing to perform cross-connection operation of individual subcarrier channels, which can be established to provide end-to-end dedicated circuits with flexible data rates between edge node pairs. By leveraging digital subcarrier multiplexing (DSCM), spectral guard-bands between adjacent channels are not necessary in DSXC, thus yielding good bandwidth efficiency when multiplexing subcarrier channels onto the same wavelength. In addition, digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms can be implemented to perform compensation of fiber transmission impairments in the electronic domain, thus ensuring good signal integrity. As discussed in this paper, the power consumption needed by DSXC to perform subcarrier channel cross-connection operations is estimated to be approximately one third of that required by today's OTN digital cross-connects. As illustrated in a companion paper [1] multiple DSXCs can be arranged together to build digital subcarrier optical networks (DSONs), which is a promising energy efficient alternative to currently available transport network solutions, e.g., OTN/SONET/SDH/MPLS-TP. This paper introduces the concept, the basic building blocks and the key functionalities of DSXC.
286. SALTO™ TOTAL ANKLE ARTHROPLASTY: INFLUENCE OF THE TIBIAL STEM DESIGN ON SUSTAINED ANCHORAGE IN THE PERIPROSTHETIC BONE: 120 CASES (2011)

Purpose of the study: The purpose of this prospective controlled trial was to evaluate the influence of the tibial stem design on the primary fixation of the tibial base of a total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) and on radiographic remodelling of adjacent bone. Material and methods: Sixty Salto™ TAA with a short stem were studied with one to three years follow-up. This series was mated with a control series of 60 TAA using conventional ‘cannon’ implants. All patients were assessed clinically with the AOFAS score and radiographically on the loaded ankle. Results: The two consecutive series were reviewed a mean 23 months. The mean AOFAS score at review was 83.6 points (mean gain 45 points). The functional analysis did not disclose any difference between the two series. There was no evidence of tibial piece migration. The incidence of lucent lines, all partial (32.5%) and bone remodelling was higher in the cannon TAA series than in our short-stem TAA series, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. Considering all prostheses together, the incidence of bone condensation was 39.3%; and bone defects 16%. Young age appeared to be the only factor correlated with the development of defects (p=0.01). One progressive defect was grafted. Two prostheses were removed (one talar necrosis and one malposition). Discussion: Primary fixation of the tibial base of the Salto™ prosthesis is excellent, irrespective of the design of the anchor stem. Suppression of the cannon did not reduce statistically the phenomena of osteolysis. The mechanism of the periprosthetic osteolysis is probably plurifactorial, associating biochemical and mechanical factors.