gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies in Semen Coagulation. (1957)

1. Coagulation of rat semen seems to involve a diphasic reaction consisting of 1) flocculation and 2) gelation. 2. Velocity of the coagulation reaction can be timed with reproducible results, under the experimental conditions described. 3. The reaction is linear with dilution of the component secretions. 4. Optimum pH range for the reaction lies between 6.8 and 8.2. 5. Zn++ and Cu++ appear to inhibit the coagulation reaction. Blood clotting inhibitors have no effect. Na+ seems essential for clotting to occur. 6. Heating of the coagulating gland component destroys activity. 7. Slow freezing of the coagulating gland destroys activity, rapid freezing does not. 8. A crude preparation of the coagulating gland component has been obtained by (NH4)2SO4 precipitation. Further work is in progress on purification of this substance.
Electrically responsive photonic crystals: a review (2015)

Tunable photonic crystals (TPCs) represent an important class of intelligent materials, which can be used as optically active components and as functional technology to change an object's colour. Here, we review progresses in electrically responsive PCs: a subclass of these smart materials which employs electrical stimulation as direct or indirect trigger for tuning optical properties.
machine Calculation of Phase Constant and Attenuation Constant for Electromagnetic Wave in Magneto-Plasma (1962)

磁場内プラズマ中での電磁波の伝搬定数、即ち位粗定数及び減衰定数はプラズマの諸性質を研究する上で重要な因子であるが、我々は現在の研究を進めていく上で、各パラメータ(電子密度、衝突頻度および磁場)を広範囲に亘って変化させた場合のその定数を知る必要に迫られ、電子計算機NEAG-2205により正確な値を求めたので、その一部を資料として報告する。
Association of Insulin Receptor Substrate Proteins with Bcl-2 and Their Effects on Its Phosphorylation and Antiapoptotic Function (2000)

Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are docking proteins that couple growth factor receptors to various effector molecules, including phosphoinositide-3 kinase, Grb-2, Syp, and Nck. Here we show that IRS-1 associates with the loop domain of Bcl-2 and synergistically up-regulates antiapoptotic function of Bcl-2. IRS-2 but not IRS-3 binds to Bcl-2, and IRS-1 associates with Bcl-XL but not with Bax or Bik. Overexpression of IRS-1 suppresses phosphorylation of Bcl-2 induced by stimulation with insulin, and the hypophosphorylation may lead to its enhanced antiapoptotic activity. The binding site for Bcl-2 is located on the carboxyl half-domain of IRS-1. IRS-3, which lacks the corresponding region, dominant-negatively abrogates the survival effects of IRS-1 and Bcl-2. For the antiapoptotic activity of IRS-1, binding to Bcl-2 is more critical than activating phosphoinositide-3 kinase. Our results indicate that IRS proteins transmit signals from the insulin receptor to Bcl-2, thus regulating cell survival probably through regulating phosphorylation of Bcl-2.
COMBINED TREE SEGMENTATION AND STEM DETECTION USING FULL WAVEFORM LIDAR DATA (2007)

The study highlights a new method for the delineation of tree crowns and the detection of stem positions of single trees from dense airborne LIDAR data. At first, we combine a method for surface reconstruction, which robustly interpolates the canopy height model (CHM) from the LIDAR data, with a watershed algorithm. Stem positions of the tallest trees in the tree segments are subsequently derived from the local maxima of the CHM. Additional stem positions in the segments are detected in a 3-step algorithm. First, all the points between the ground and the crown base height are separated. Second, possible stem points are found by hierarchically clustering these points. Third, the stem is reconstructed with a robust RANSAC-based adjustment of the stem points. The method was applied to small-footprint full waveform data, which have a point density of 25 points per m 2 . The detection rate for coniferous trees is 61 % and for deciduous trees 44 %, respectively. 7 % of the detected trees are false positives. The mean positioning error is 0.92 cm, whereas the additional stem detection improves the tree position on average by 22 cm. The analysis of waveform data in the tree structure shows that the intensity and pulse width discriminate stem points, crown points and ground points significantly. Moreover, the mean intensity of stem points turned out to be the most salient feature for the discrimination of coniferous and deciduous trees.
A feasibility study of geophysical methods for monitoring geologic CO 2 sequestration (2004)

The relative merits of the seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic (EM) geophysical techniques as monitoring tools are examined for monitoring geologic sequestration of . This work demonstrates the capabilities of these techniques on a synthetic model scenario of combined enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and sequestration in a producing oil field, the Schrader Bluff field on the north slope of Alaska, USA. Numerical flow simulation of the injection process was converted to geophysical models using petrophysical models developed from well log data. These coupled flow simulation—geophysical models allow us to examine the performance of the monitoring techniques over time on realistic 3D models by generating simulated responses at different times during the injection process. These time‐lapse measurements are differenced to produce time‐lapse changes in geophysical measurements that can be related to the movement of within the injection interval. EOR/sequestration projects in general and Schrader Bluff in particular represent relatively thin injection intervals with multiple fluid components (oil, hydrocarbon gas, brine, and ). This model represents the most difficult end member of a complex spectrum of possible sequestration scenarios.
Reduction nephronique et deterioration renale. Importance des alterations tubulaires : role de l'hyperplasie de l'hypertrophie et des facteurs de croissance (1994)

Le but de ce travail, qui est la resultante de trois etudes distinctes et successives, est de caracteriser les modifications structurales du parenchyme renal apres reduction nephronique et d'identifier les facteurs qui en sont a l'origine afin de comprendre les mecanismes de la deterioration renale. La premiere etude evalue l'efficacite de l'enalapril, en comparaison de celle d'autres anti-hypertenseurs, sur la progression de lesions renales dans le modele de nephrectomie subtotale par excision. Elle montre que l'enalapril est benefique uniquement en presence d'une restriction sodee moderee, et que cette restriction sodee a, par elle-meme, un effet benefique. Elle montre egalement que les dilatations tubulaires sont un phenomene majeur pouvant aboutir a un aspect polykystique du rein. La deuxieme etude analyse l'importance des alterations tubulaires dans la deterioration renale, analyse effectuee dans des conditions susceptibles de moduler la progression des lesions renales (administration de cinq traitements anti-hypertenseurs). Elle montre que les dilatations tubulaires sont plus diffuses que la glomerulosclerose et que l'hypertrophie tubulaire est mieux liee au pronostic que l'hypertrophie glomerulaire. La troisieme etude analyse les phenomenes a l'origine de la croissance compensatrice dans deux modeles de reduction nephronique, nephrectomie unilaterale et nephrectomie subtotale. Elle montre une proliferation cellulaire exclusive apres nephrectomie subtotale et une association d'hypertrophie et d'hyperplasie apres nephrectomie unilaterale. Ces phenomenes sont associes a la surexpression des trois facteurs de croissance etudies, egf, tgf- et tgf-b, dans les deux modeles de reduction nephronique et a l'induction des protooncogenes c-fos et c-jun exclusivement dans le modele de nephrectomie subtotale. Ceci peut rendre compte des differences lesionnelles observees: lesions moderees apres nephrectomie unilaterale, destruction du parenchyme avec dilatations tubulaires massives apres nephrectomie subtotale
The synthesis and the crystal and molecular structure of the fungicide bis(4‐fluorophenyl)‐methyl(1<i>H</i>‐1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl‐methyl)silane (flusilazole, DPX H 6573) (1989)

Abstract Detailed procedures (based on the respective patent literature) for the preparation of the broadspectrum fungicide flusilazole (DPX H 6573) on the laboratory scale are described using as the starting material dichloro(chloromethyl)methylsilane [CH 3 (ClCH 2 )SiCl 2 ]. In addition, the crystal and molecular structure of flusilazole (determined by means of X‐ray diffraction analysis) is described.
SOD1 Lysine 123 Acetylation in the Adult Central Nervous System (2016)

Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout (<i>Sod1</i><sup>-/-</sup>) mice exhibit an accelerated aging phenotype. In humans, <i>SOD1</i> mutations are linked to familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and post-translational modification (PTM) of wild-type SOD1 has been associated with sporadic ALS. Reversible acetylation regulates many enzymes and proteomic studies have identified SOD1 acetylation at lysine 123 (K123). The function and distribution of K123-acetylated SOD1 (Ac-K123 SOD1) in the nervous system is unknown. Here, we generated polyclonal rabbit antibodies against Ac-K123 SOD1. <i>Sod1</i> deletion in <i>Sod1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice, K123 mutation or preabsorption with Ac-K123 peptide all abolished antibody binding. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed Ac-K123 SOD1 distribution in the normal adult mouse nervous system. In the cerebellum, Ac-K123 SOD1 staining was prominent in cell bodies of the granular cell layer (GCL) and Purkinje cell dendrites and interneurons of the molecular cell layer. In the hippocampus, Ac-K123 SOD1 staining was strong in the fimbria, subiculum, pyramidal cells and Schaffer collateral fibers of the cornus ammonis field 1 (CA1) region and granule and neuronal progenitor cells of the dentate gyrus. In addition, labeling was observed in the choroid plexus (CP) and the ependyma of the brain ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. In the olfactory bulb, Ac-K123 SOD1 staining was prominent in axons of sensory neurons, in cell bodies of interneurons and neurites of the mitral and tufted cells. In the retina, labeling was strong in the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL) and axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the inner nuclear layer (INL) and cone photoreceptors of the outer nuclear layer (ONL). In summary, our findings describe Ac-K123 SOD1 distribution to distinct regions and cell types of the normal nervous system.
Linear Variation of Proton Magnetic Shielding with Electric Field (1962)

The linear variation of nuclear magnetic shielding with electric field is calculated semiquantitatively by a variation method and by a perturbation method. The effect is sufficiently large to be significant for protons in molecules containing polar groups or in ions, as these protons experience intramolecular electric fields of ∼106 statV/cm. The effect on protons in solids for laboratory electric fields would only be a fraction of the (magnetic) dipolar linewidth and is therefore not observable. The calculation gives good agreement with the several experimental values from the literature. The intramolecular (electric) dipolar field is then used to explain the low-field shift in resonance frequency of the methylene protons in in ethyl alcohol—an important example of the chemical ``inductive effect.''
HOLO series: critical ground-based demonstrations of holographic scanning lidars (2001)

Results of two lidar measurement campaigns are presented, HOLO-1 (Utah, March 1999) and HOLO-2 (New Hampshire, June 1999). These tests demonstrate the ability of lidars utilizing holographic optical elements (HOEs) to determine tropospheric wind velocity and direction at cloud altitude. Several instruments were employed. HOLO-1 used the 1.064 mm transmission-HOE lidar (HARLIE, Goddard Space Flight Center), a zenith-staring 532 nm lidar (AROL-2, Utah State University), and a wide-field video camera (SkyCam) for imagery of clouds overhead. HOLO-2 included these instruments plus the 532 nm reflection-HOE lidar (PHASERS, St. Anselm College). HARLIE and PHASERS scan the sky at constant cone angles of 45° and 42° from normal, respectively. The progress of clouds and entire cloud fields across the sky is tracked by the repetitive conical scans of the HOE lidars. AROL-2 provides the altitude information enabling the SkyCam cloud images to be analyzed for independent data on cloud motion. Data from the HOE lidars are reduced by means of correlations, visualization by animation techniques, and kinematic diagrams of cloud feature motion. Excellent agreement is observed between the HOE lidar results and those obtained with video imagery and lidar ranging.
ChemInform Abstract: EINE ERNEUTE UNTERSUCHUNG VON 3,5′‐ANHYDRO‐2′,3′‐D‐ISOPROPYLIDEN‐INOSIN (1973)

Abstract Zur Richtigstellung früher beschriebener Strukturen werden die beiden Cyclonucleoside (I) und (II) hergestellt und charakterisiert.
Epidermis contains platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase that is overexpressed in germinal layer keratinocytes in psoriasis (1994)

Human epidermal cells exhibited none of the cytosolic lipoxygenase activity that is prominent in mucosal epithelial cells, but instead contained a microsomal activity that converted arachidonic acid to 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE). Identification of the extractable 12-HETE-forming activity as a 12-lipoxygenase (distinct from cytochrome P-450) included (S)-12-stereospecificity of product formation, trapping of 12-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid as an intermediate reaction product, and lack of NADPH dependence for activity. Epidermal cell poly(A)+ RNA contained high levels of a 2.3-kb mRNA that selectively hybridized with human platelet 12-lipoxygenase cDNA, and partial cDNA sequence of this mRNA indicated identity to platelet 12-lipoxygenase. The epidermal 12-lipoxygenase was not recognized by antibodies against the leukocyte-type 12- and 15-lipoxygenases (found in leukocytes, reticulocytes, and mucosal epithelial cells) but was detected by an antiplatelet 12-lipoxygenase antibody. The epidermal 12-lipoxygenase antigen was selectively expressed in germinal layer keratinocytes in healthy and psoriatic skin, and these layers exhibited hyperplasia and increased immunostaining in inflamed psoriatic skin. Together with previous results, these observations indicate that 1) epidermis generates 12-HETE by either cytochrome P-450 or lipoxygenase-based mechanisms depending on reaction conditions, and 2) 12-lipoxygenases (originally described in hematopoietic cell types) may be expressed in at least two distinct isoforms in epithelial barriers in humans, and in the case of the skin, a microsomal (platelet-type) 12-lipoxygenase is selectively overexpressed in germinal layer keratinocytes during psoriatic inflammation.
Identification of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway as a Valid Therapeutic Target of T(8;21) Acute Myeloid Leukemia Using Combined Gene Expression and Promoter Occupancy Profiling. (2008)

Abstract t(8;21) is one of the most common chromosomal abnormalities associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The resulting AML1-ETO fusion protein is directly involved in the pathogenesis of AML but is not able to cause leukemia on its own. We have shown previously that a C-terminal splice variant of t(8;21), AML1-ETO9a (AE9a), is sufficient to promote AML in mice. Here we show that the leukemia-initiating cells reside in the Lin-/Sca1-/cKit+ population. To identify molecular targets directly modulated by AE9a, we compared the gene expression profile to the promoter occupancy (ChIP-on-chip) profile of this population. We identified 1485 genes deregulated by AE9a, among which 544 genes are also ChIP-on-chip targets. CD45, a negative regulator of cytokine/growth factor receptor and JAK/STAT signaling, was greatly down-regulated in AE9a leukemia cells. We further show that t(8;21) AML-M2 patient samples have lower CD45 levels compared to non-t(8;21) AML-M2 samples. Interestingly, JAK1 and JAK2 were upregulated by AE9a and both CD45 and JAK1 are ChIP-on-chip targets. In addition we show that JAK/STAT signaling was enhanced in the leukemia cells. Consequently, the leukemia cells are more susceptible to JAK2 inhibitors than wild type cells. Our results indicate that AE9a enhances JAK/STAT signaling by directly modulating regulators of this signaling pathway, which provides a potential novel approach to treating t(8;21) AML.
Effects of water on coal-cutting forces and primary-dust distribution. Report of Investigations/1985 (1985)

Research to evaluate the lubricity effects achieved by spraying water on the cutting bit of a mining machine or spraying water on the coal during cutting has shown that neither practice affects cutting forces, as has been believed. However, when water was supplied to the cutting zone axially through the bit at 3,000 to 5,000 psi pressure, tangential cutting forces were reduced an average of 30 pct at a 1-in depth of cut while normal bit forces were reduced an average of 65 pct. Lower normal forces mean reduced bit wear, faster advance with greater depth of cut, and fewer coal fines.
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition and Jet Vapor Deposition of CdTe for High Efficiency Thin Film PV Devices: Final Technical Report, 26 January 2000 - 15 August 2002 (2002)

ITN's three-year project, Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (APCVD) of CdTe for High Efficiency Thin Film PV Devices, had the overall objectives of improving thin-film CdTe PV manufacturing technology and increasing CdTe PV device power-conversion efficiency. CdTe deposition by APCVD employs the same reaction chemistry as has been used to deposit 16%-efficient CdTe PV films, i.e., close-spaced sublimation, but employs forced convection rather than diffusion as a mechanism of mass transport. Tasks of the APCVD program center on demonstration of APCVD of CdTe films, discovery of fundamental mass-transport parameters, application of established engineering principles to the deposition of CdTe films, and verification of reactor design principles that could be used to design high-throughput, high-yield manufacturing equipment. Additional tasks relate to improved device measurement and characterization procedures that can lead to a more fundamental understanding of CdTe PV device operation, and ultimately, to higher device conversion efficiency and greater stability. Under the APCVD program, device analysis goes beyond conventional one-dimensional device characterization and analysis toward two-dimensional measurements and modeling. Accomplishments of the concluding year and extension of the APCVD subcontract included: incorporation of high-resistivity transparent buffer layers and achievement of 12.3%-efficient (NREL-measured, but not certified) devices by APCVD; analysis of scale-up issues related to APCVD, analysis of dust formation dynamics; demonstration of the inherent deficiencies of APCVD for CdTe manufacturing; modeling effects of CdSTe and SnOx layers; and electrical modeling of grain boundaries; design and construction of a low-pressure jet vapor deposition (JVD) reactor; JVD CdTe film characterization as a function of substrate and source temperature; demonstration of high growth rates using JVD; and superstrate-type and substrate-type device fabrication using low-substrate-temperature JVD CdTe films.
OS0915 Microstructure and Strengthening Mechanism of Ni-Co base polycrystalline superalloy (2013)

Different microstructure features were obtained under various heat treatment conditions, which provided insight into the factors controlling the critical strength in a polycrystalline Ni-Co-base disk superalloy (TMW-4M3 alloy) with two-phase structure. The contribution of each microstructure feature, namely, the grain size, annealing twin boundary, and distribution of γ' precipitates, to the total strength was analyzed quantitatively by measuring the Vickers hardness over a range of nano- to micro-size. The grain boundary strengthening decreased with increasing solution heat treatment temperature, while the secondary and tertiary γ' precipitation hardening increased. Therefore, there is an optimum combination of microstructure features for achieving the highest tensile strength in such superalloys.
The Role of Phase Transfer Catalysis in the Microwave-Assisted N-Benzylation of Amides, Imides and N-Heterocycles (2009)

The effect of triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBAC) was studied on the outcome of the microwaveassisted solid-liquid phase N-alkylation of amides, imides and N-heterocycles using benzyl halides and K2CO3. It was found that while the benzylation of amides may be somewhat promoted by the presence of TEBAC, succinimide and benzimidazole are so reactive that there is no need to use the catalyst. At the same time, the outcome of the benzylation of phenothiazine may be significantly influenced by the presence or absence of TEBAC in respect of N- versus C-alkylation. Keywords: N-alkylation, microwave, phase transfer catalysis, selectivity
An Optoelectronic Crosspoint Switch: The Devices and a (2002)

Introduction: The use of optics in modem avionic systems is increasing. In the emerging integrated modular avionics (IMA) architectures it is envisaged that most of the intra-cabinet and cabinet-suhsystem interconnections for the System Area Network onboard an aircraft, will be made using optical links. It is also envisaged that large numbers of relatively modestscale, compact crosspoint switches will be at the core of this implementation, to provide the required dynamic reconfiguration. The work reported here describes the construction of a 4 x 4 optoelectronic crosspoint switch demonstrator. At the heart of this demonstrator is a custom high-speed electronic crosspoint chip with integrated receiver and laser driver circuitly. The Optical Chip Carrier (OCC) approach, shown in figure 1, has been developed as an integration and packaging platform to enable the compact assembly of the optoelectronic interface devices (detectors and VCSELs) with the highperformance crosspoint chip and the optical inputloutput connections. The footprint of the OCC is dominated by the size of the fibre ribbon connectors.
A Subjective and Objective Study of Stalling Events in Mobile Streaming Videos (2017)

Over-the-top mobile adaptive video streaming is invariably influenced by volatile network conditions, which can cause playback interruptions (stalling or rebuffering events) and bitrate fluctuations, thereby impairing users' quality of experience (QoE). Video quality assessment models that can accurately predict users' QoE under such volatile network conditions are rapidly gaining attention, since these methods could enable more efficient design of quality control protocols for media-driven services such as YouTube, Amazon, Netflix, and many others. However, the development of improved QoE prediction models requires data sets of videos afflicted with diverse stalling events that have been labeled with ground-truth subjective opinion scores. Toward this end, we have created a new mobile video quality database that we call LIVE Mobile Stall Video Database-II. Our database contains a total of 174 videos afflicted with distortions caused by 26 different stalling patterns. We describe the way we simulated the diverse stalling events to create a corpus of distorted videos, and we detail the human study we conducted to obtain continuous-time subjective scores from 54 subjects. We also present the outcomes of our comprehensive analysis of the impact of several factors that influence subjective QoE, and report the performance of existing QoE-prediction models on our data set. We are making the database (videos, subjective data, and video metadata) publicly available in order to help the advance state-of-the-art research on user-centric mobile network planning and management. The database may be accessed at http://live.ece.utexas.edu/research/LIVEStallStudy/liveMobile.html.