gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Electron-Optical Investigation of Clays (1971)

Abstract Clay minerals occur most frequently in a state too finely divided for satisfactory observation with the best optical microscopes, or for study with single-crystal X-ray techniques. The higher resolution made possible by electron-optical instruments can therefore be put to good use in the investigation of the morphologies and crystal structures of clays. It is the intention of this monograph to summarize achievements to date, to indicate problems that have perhaps not received the attention they deserve, and, as a result, to suggest lines of investigation that might prove fruitful. The first two chapters explain in some detail the various types of electron-optical equipment that are currently available, the methods of operating them to the best advantage, and interpretation of the results. The techniques for preparation of specimens are reviewed in the third chapter, with emphasis on those most suitable for clay minerals. With the exception of the last chapter, on practical applications of electron-optical methods, each subsequent chapter deals with studies on a particular class of clay minerals. Some chapters include detailed descriptions of specimen preparation or other techniques that have been developed by the authors to resolve specific problems peculiar to the minerals dealt with in those chapters. Electron microscopy and other electron-optical techniques have been used, alone or in conjunction with other methods, to investigate problems that have proved otherwise insoluble. Nevertheless, these techniques have their limitations, which must always be borne in mind, as results can occasionally be misleading. It therefore seems appropriate, at this stage, to review the methods of specimen preparation and examination, and to attempt to assess their value for investigation of clays.
[Iatrogenic addiction of pethidine: clinical feature and experience of detoxification]. (1992)

Narcotic analgesic pethidine is widely applied in clinical practice to relieve pain caused by cancer or severe surgical conditions. Iatrogenic addiction following long term medication of narcotic analgesics have been noticed but rarely documented. In this presentation, the authors studied the clinical feature of pethidine dependency as well as experiences of residential detoxification in analysing 34 cases collected in the National Drug Dependence Treatment Center in previous two years. Manifestation of pethidine addiction are much alike to heroin and all abstinent syndromes can be relieved either by methadone or clonidine within 3 weeks except psychological craving throughout the detoxification period. In conclusion, the authors hold that iatrogenic narcotic addiction of this kind is curable as long as the addicts are highly and conscientiously motivated together with rehabilitation measures after detoxification.
Liquid Metal Inks for Flexible Electronics and 3D Printing: A Review (2014)

Flexible electronics and 3D printing are quickly reshaping the world in many aspects spanning from science, technology to industry and social society. However, there still exist many barriers to impede further progress of the areas. One of the biggest bottlenecks lies in the strong shortage of appropriate functional inks. Among the many printable materials ever tried such as conductive polymers, powdered plastic, metal particles or other adhesive materials, the liquid metal or its alloy is quickly emerging as a powerful electronic ink with diverse capabilities from which direct printing of flexible electronics and room temperature 3D printing for manufacturing metal structures are enabled. All these fabrication capabilities are attributed to the unique properties of such metal’s low melting point (generally less than 100 °C), flowable feature and high electrical conductivity etc. To better push forward the research and application of the liquid metal printed electronics and 3D manufacture, this article is dedicated to present an overview on the fundamental research advancements in processing and developing the liquid metal inks. Particularly, the flow, thermal, phase change and electrical properties of a group of typical liquid metals and their alloy inks will be systematically summarized and comparatively evaluated. Some of the practical applications of these materials in a wide variety of flexible electronics fabrication, 3D printing and medical sensors etc. will be briefly illustrated. Further, we also explained the basic categories of the liquid metal material genome towards discovering new functional alloy ink materials as initiated in the authors’ lab and interpret the important scientific and technical challenges lying behind. Perspective and future potentials of the liquid metal inks in more areas were also suggested.
Trace analysis with a relational database system (2002)

One of the main problems dealing with trace based analysis of parallel systems is the management of the vast amounts of data produced by monitors. This paper describes the experiences made with a database approach for the management of trace data. The system is configurable in terms of trace formats and of metrics defined on this trace format. Performance measurements of the system conclude the paper.
New cytotoxic and antitumor agents. VII. Derivatives of 1-benzylidenisoindolin-3-one and 5,6-dihydro-8H-isoquinolo(2,3-a)phthalasin-5-one. (1985)

The in vitro cytotoxic effects on P388 leukemia cells of 19 derivatives and analogs of 1-benzylidenisoindolin-3-one, 5,6-dihydro-8H-isoquinolo(2,3-a)phthalasin-5-one and 4-benzyl-1,2-dihydrophthalasin-5-one were studied. The derivatives of the first group which preferentially inhibited uridine utilization were more effective. The cytotoxic effects of these substances depended on the quality of substituents, on the presence of a nitrogen atom in the 5-membered heterocycle of the molecule as well as on the spatial arrangement of the molecule. (Z)-narceine imide-N-oxide II and (Z)-3-(6-ethyl-2-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxy) benzyliden-6,7-dimethoxy-isoindolin-3-one III were the most active agents, both of them causing a decrease in the proliferation rate of P388 cells. After its addition to the culture medium, compound III caused irreversible damages leading to death of the cells. The removal of the inhibitor did not lead to the repair of the damages either. Of the other two groups of substances, 5-hydroxy-3,4,12-trimethoxy-8-methyl-10,11-methylenedioxy-8H-isoquino lo (2,3-a)phthalasin (XVIII) had a marked inhibitory effect which, at concentrations of up to 25 micrograms ml-1, inhibited the proliferation rate of P388 cells.
Introduction to Computer Theory, Second Edition / Введение в информатику (1997)

Текст книги поражает тонким балансировкой между вызывающей оцепенение научной глубиной и интуитивной ясностью информатики. Покрывая практически все обозримые области применения информатики, книга отличается живостью и свежестью изложения казалось бы известного материала. Цель книги – дать читателю понимание принципов информатики и обрисовать обширную картину областей ее применения. Несмотря на дату выпуска, как всякий добротный классический «букварь» книга не теряет своей актуальности и сейчас. Книгу можно приобрести по указанному адресу, в интернет-магазине издательства.
An extravascular hydraulic system to control blood pressure by a feedback regulation of the venous return (1987)

Since increases in blood pressure may be effectively controlled by hydraulic feedback by reducing the venous return through the inferior vena cava in proportion to the blood pressure this principle was applied using a totally implantable extravascular system consisting of a periaortic blood pressure sensor and a pericaval cuff around the inferior vena cava. The two cuffs were supported externally by hard skeletons, filled with water, and connected directly to each other. The two devices were tested separately and together in 10 anaesthetised mongrel dogs with normal and high blood pressure induced by a metaraminol infusion. With the periaortic sensor an increase in blood pressure of 100 mmHg caused a mean(SD) isotonic volume displacement of 0.41(0.11) ml, and an increase in the pericaval balloon energy content of 100 ml.mmHg-1 caused a fall in blood pressure of 37.8(18.3)%. The whole system prevented an excessive rise in blood pressure when metaraminol was infused, with a feedback gain of about 2.8. It is concluded that blood pressure can be maintained at acceptable levels despite strong hypertensive stimuli, by this system, without additional treatment with drugs or an external energy source. The system is totally implantable and is applied extravascularly so that no anticoagulation is needed.
Acoustic backscatter in arteries : Measurements and modelling of arterial wall and blood (1993)

textabstractThe aim of this thesis was to investigate the feasibility of quantitative arterial tissue
characterization from ultrasonic puis-echo measurements, acquired with an intravascular
ultrasonic catheter (30 MHz). Two major complications, that arise in an attempt to perform
quantitative tissue characterization were investigated. These complications were the angle
dependence of the backscatter intensity and the effect of the presence of blood in-vivo on
the image quality.
The study consisted of three parts. The first part (Chapter II) deals with the quantitative
effect on the backscatter power of the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic beam with respect
to the arterial wall. Iu the secoud part of the study (Chapters III and IV) the acoustical
behaviour of blood was investigated. Finally in the third part (Chapter V) the backscatter
behaviour of both arterial tissues and blood was simulated on the basis of general acoustic
theory. Before these subjects are reponed, a shon survey on the morphology of the arterial
wall and the propenies of blood is given in the introduction (Chapter I).
Fast training algorithms for multilayer neural nets (1991)

An algorithm that is faster than back-propagation and for which it is not necessary to specify the number of hidden units in advance is described. The relationship with other fast pattern-recognition algorithms, such as algorithms based on k-d trees, is discussed. The algorithm has been implemented and tested on artificial problems, such as the parity problem, and on real problems arising in speech recognition. Experimental results, including training times and recognition accuracy, are given. Generally, the algorithm achieves accuracy as good as or better than nets trained using back-propagation. Accuracy is comparable to that for the nearest-neighbor algorithm, which is slower and requires more storage space.
Model‐based validation of diagnostic software with application in automotive systems (2021)

Abstract Software validation aims to ensure that a particular software product fulfils its intended purpose, and needs to be performed against both software requirement as well as its implementation (i.e. product). However, for diagnostic software (i.e. a diagnoser) performing online diagnosis against certain fault models and reports diagnosis decision, the underlying fault models are usually not explicitly specified, neither by formal language nor by descriptive language. The lack of formal representation of fault models leaves the intended purpose of the diagnostic software vague, making its validation difficult. To address this issue, the authors propose various model‐based techniques that can generate concrete examples of the diagnoser's key properties. Such examples are represented in an intuitive and possibly visualised way, facilitating the designers/users to approve or disapprove the conformance of the diagnoser to the intended purpose. The proposed techniques work for validation of both the requirement and implementation that can be modelled as finite state machine, and are illustrated through applications on vehicle on‐board diagnostic requirement.
WLC45-2: Application of Nonbinary LDPC Codes for Communication over Fading Channels Using Higher Order Modulations (2006)

In this paper, we investigate the application of non- binary low density parity check (LDPC) codes over Galois field GF(q) for both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels using higher order modulations. As opposed to the widely studied binary systems that employ joint detection and channel decoding, we propose a nonbinary system where optimal signal detection is performed only once followed by channel decoding. To reduce the complexity of proposed system, we first develop a low complexity LDPC decoding algorithm over GF(q) in the logarithmic domain. We then provide a quasi-cyclic construction of nonbinary LDPC codes which not only allows linear-time encoding, but also gives comparable performance to the best known progressive edge growth (PEG) codes. Our results show that the proposed system that employs regular nonbinary LDPC codes outperforms systems using the best optimized binary irregular LDPC codes in both performance and complexity.
Early antiviral antibody response after immunization with viral oncolysate: a powerful prognostic marker for acute myelogenous leukemia remission patients (1983)

Twenty-four acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients in first clinical remission received, as a part of their maintenance therapy, repeated injections of viral oncolysate (i.e., avian influenza virus-infected, formalin-inactivated, allogeneic leukemia cells). The anti-oncolysate- virus antibody responses after a single injection, tested by a radioimmunoassay, were in inverse correlation to the remission duration (p less than or equal to 0.01). The 25% of patients with the lowest responses had a median remission duration of more than 36 mo, with no relapses within the first 18 mo. In contrast, the 75% of patients with higher responses had a median remission time of less than 5 mo, and more than 80% relapsed within 18 mo. Despite the small number of patients, these differences are highly significant (p less than or equal to 0.001). Immunization of remission AML patients with viral oncolysate provides a powerful prognostic test. Most early relapses can be predicted, with a modest rate of false-positive and false-negative predictions.
Insight of Proteomics and Genomics in Environmental Bioremediation (2017)

Bioremediation of hazardous substances from environment is a major human and environmental health concern but can be managed by the microorganism due to their variety of properties that can effectively change the complexity. Microorganisms convey endogenous genetic, biochemical and physiological assets that make them superlative proxies for pollutant remediation in habitat. But, the crucial step is to degrade the complex ring structured pollutants. Interestingly, the integration of genomics and proteomics technologies that allow us to use or alter the genes and proteins of interest in a given microorganism towards a cell-free bioremediation approach. Resultantly, efforts have been finished by developing the genetically modified (Gm) microbes for the remediation of ecological contaminants. Gm microorganisms mediated bioremediation can affect the solubility, bioavailability and mobility of complex hazardous.
The developmental capacity of blastomeres from 4- and 8-cell sheep embryos (1981)

ABSTRACT The developmental capacity of (a) single blastomeres of 4-cell embryos, (b) pairs of blastomeres of 8-cell embryos and (c) single blastomeres of 8-cell embryos was studied. The blastomeres were inserted into evacuated foreign zonae pellucidae, embedded in agar, transferred to ligated oviducts of dioestrous ewes, and recovered when their total age was to days. At lecovery the majority of embryos belonging to categories (a) and (b) had developed into small blastocysts, whereas most embryos of category (c) were vesicular forms with no clearly observable inner cell mass. The viability of embryos which had continued their development during culture in the sheep oviduct was tested by their transfer to the uterine horns of recipient ewes which had come into oestrus on the same day as the respective embryo donors. Three lambs were produced after transfer of eight embryos of category (a) deriving from two parent embryos. These three lambs derived from a single 4-cell embryo. Nine lambs were produced after transfer of 16 embryos of category (b) deriving from four parent embryos. Four of these lambs derived from a single 8-cell embryo. When ewes which had come into oestrus one or two days after the respective embryo donors were used as recipients for 16 embryos of category (a) and 16 embryos of category (b) one and five lambs, respectively, were produced. Finally, two lambs were produced after transfer of 31 embryos of category (c). These lambs derived from two different parent embryos. The principal conclusions drawn from the study are that at least some individual blastomeres from 4- and 8-cell sheep embryos can give rise to an entire conceptus, and that the viability of embryos produced by blastomere separation depends more on the degree of reduction in cell number than on the stage of development at which separation is performed.
Premature deaths among children with epilepsy - South Carolina, 2000-2011. (2014)

Epilepsy is a common childhood neurologic disorder. In 2007, epilepsy affected an estimated 450,000 children aged 0-17 years in the United States. Approximately 53% of children with epilepsy and special health care needs have co-occurring conditions, and only about one third have access to comprehensive care. The few studies of mortality risk among children with epilepsy as compared with the general population generally find a higher risk for death among children with epilepsy with co-occurring conditions but a similar risk for death among children with epilepsy with no co-occurring conditions. However, samples from these mortality studies are often small, limiting comparisons, and are not representative. This highlights the need for expanded mortality surveillance among children with epilepsy to better understand their excess mortality. This report describes mortality among children with epilepsy in South Carolina during 2000-2011 by demographic characteristics and underlying causes of death. The overall mortality rate among children with epilepsy was 8.8 deaths per 1,000 person-years, and the annual risk for death was 0.84%. Developmental conditions, cardiovascular disorders, and injuries were the most common causes of death among children with epilepsy. Team-based care coordination across medical and nonmedical systems can improve outcomes and reduce health care costs for children with special health care needs, but they require more study among children with epilepsy. Ensuring appropriate and timely health care and social services for children with epilepsy, especially those with complications, might reduce the risk for premature death. Health care providers, social service providers, advocacy groups and others can work together to assess whether coordinated care can improve outcomes for children with epilepsy.
A Large Cohort Study of Long-Term Daily Use of Adult-Strength Aspirin and Cancer Incidence (2007)

Long-term daily use of adult-strength aspirin may be associated with modestly reduced overall cancer incidence in populations among whom colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers are common.
TPC-C - The Standard Benchmark for Online transaction Processing (OLTP). (1993)

The Transaction Processing performance Council introduced the TPC BenchmarkTM C in August 1992. At the time the TPC had two other OLTP benchmarks, TPC-A and TPC-B. The TPC continued to support and publish results on TPC-A, its first OLTP benchmark until December 1995. TPC-A simulates all the major functions of a simple OLTP system and was, until its retirement by the TPC, accepted by the industry as the leading tool for comparing systems. Since then, TPC-C has replaced it in that role and gained even greater recognition.
The Utility of Total Lightning in Diagnosing Single-cell Thunderstorm Severity in the Central Appalachian Mountains Region (2014)

Recent severe weather research has examined the potential role of total lightning patterns in the severe thunderstorm warning-decision process although none to-date have examined these patterns in explicitly weak-shear environments. Total lightning flashes detected by the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) during the 2012-13 convective seasons (1 May – 31 August) over a region of the Central Appalachian Mountains were clustered into likely discrete thunderstorms and subsequently classified as either single-cell or multicell/supercell storm modes. The classification of storms was determined using a storm index (SI) which was informed by current National Weather Service (NWS) identification techniques. The 36 days meeting the minimum threshold of lightning activity were divided into 24 lightning-defined (LD) single-cell thunderstorm days and 12 LD multicell/supercell days. LD single-cell days possessed statistically significant lower 0000 UTC 0-6 km wind shear (13.8 knots) than LD multicell/supercell days (26.5 knots) consistent with traditional expectations of single-cell and multicell/supercell environments respectively. The popular 2σ total lightning jump algorithm was applied to all flashes associated with 470 individual LD thunderstorms. The frequencies of the storms’ total lightning jumps were then compared against any associated severe weather reports as an accuracy assessment. The overall performance of the algorithm among both categories was much poorer than in previous studies. While probability of detections (POD) of the 2σ algorithm were comparable to previous research, false alarm rates (FAR) were much greater than previously documented. Given these results, the 2σ algorithm does not appear fit for operational use in a weak shear environment.
<i>N</i>-(2-Benzoyl-4-chlorophenyl)-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide (2008)

The title compound, C(19)H(13)Cl(2)NO(3)S, is an N-aryl-sulfonyl derivative of 2-amino-5-chloro-benzophenone. The compound is biologically active and shows potential to be utilized as an inhibitor of CCR2 and CCR9 receptor functions. In the crystal structure, there is an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond between the amide and carbonyl groups. The benzoyl and 4-chloro-phenyl groups form intra-molecular and inter-molecular face-to-face contacts, with a dihedral angle of 10.6 (1)° between their mean planes in both cases, and centroid-centroid separations of 4.00 (1) and 4.25 (1) Å for the intra- and inter-molecular inter-actions, respectively.
Characterization of a Novel 100-Channel Silicon Photomultiplier—Part I: Noise (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we present the results of the first noise characterization performed on our novel 100-channel silicon photomultiplier. We have improved our previous single-photon avalanche photodiode technology in order to set up a working device with outstanding features in terms of single-photon resolving power up to <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$R = \hbox{45}$</tex></formula>, timing resolution down to 100 ps, and photon-detection efficiency of 14% at 420 nm. Tests were performed, and features were measured, as a function of the bias voltage and of the incident photon flux. A dedicated data-analysis procedure was developed that allows one to extract at once the relevant parameters and quantify the noise. </para>
Retracted Article: Light-controlled resistive switching memory of multiferroic BiMnO<sub>3</sub> nanowire arrays (2015)

A multiferroic BiMnO3 nanowire array was prepared using a hydrothermal process and its resistive switching memory behaviors were further investigated. The prominent ferroelectricity can be well controlled by white-light illumination, thus offering an excellent light-controlled resistive switching memory device using a Ag/BiMnO3/Ti structure at room temperature.