gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of citric and oxalic acids and solubilization of calcium phosphate by Penicillium bilaii (1992)

An isolate of Penicillium bilaii previously reported to solubilize mineral phosphates and enhance plant uptake of phosphate was studied. Using agar media with calcium phosphate and the pH indicator alizarin red S, the influence of the medium composition on phosphate solubility and medium acidification was recorded. The major acidic metabolites produced by P. bilaii in a sucrose nitrate liquid medium were found to be oxalic acid and citric acid. Citric acid production was promoted under nitrogen-limited conditions, while oxalic acid production was promoted under carbon-limited conditions. Citric acid was produced in both growth and stationary phases, but oxalic acid production occurred only in stationary phase. When submerged cultures which normally produce acid were induced to sporulate, the culture medium shifted toward alkaline rather than acid reaction with growth.
Point pattern matching in the analysis of two-dimensional gel electropherograms (1999)

In the automation of proteome analysis, matching of two-dimensional (2-D) electropherograms represents a bottleneck in the process. Here we present a point pattern recognition approach to the matching of spots in 2-D electropherograms. The algorithm is based on a comparison of spot neighborhoods, converted to point patterns between reference and compared gels. The neighborhood was characterized by a syntactic descriptor which minimized the influence of spot displacements. A combined criterion utilizing the similarity of point patterns and a metric definition of position similarity was derived. The efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm was tested on a set of 69 gels with different levels of similarity. For a typical gel the accuracy of matching was higher than 98% and the number of correctly identified spots was higher than 95%.
Targeting Metabolism to Induce Cell Death in Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells (2013)

Abnormal metabolism and the evasion of apoptosis are considered hallmarks of cancers. Accumulating evidence shows that cancer stem cells are key drivers of tumor formation, progression, and recurrence. A successful therapy must therefore eliminate these cells known to be highly resistant to apoptosis. In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes.
(4+3) Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrogen‐Stabilized Oxyallyl Cations (2011)

The use of heteroatom-substituted oxyallyl cations in (4+3) cycloadditions has had a tremendous impact on the development of cycloaddition chemistry. Extensive efforts have been exerted toward investigating the effect of oxygen, sulfur, and halogen substituents on the reactivity of oxyallyl cations. Most recently, the use of nitrogen-stabilized oxyallyl cations has gained prominence in the area of (4+3) cycloadditions. The following article will provide an overview of this concept utilizing nitrogen-stabilized oxyallyl cations.
Unified parsing and information extraction language (2016)

The paper describes declarative language for specification of parsing and information extraction rules used in the common natural language processing tasks. The language unify concepts of tokenization using the regular expressions over the input text, information extraction patterns specified using the regular expressions over the annotations and graph matching patterns used for syntactic or co-reference relations between words or phrases.
QoS Design Consideration for Enterprise and Provider’s Network at Ingress and Egress Router for VoIP protocols (2016)

Compliance with the Service Level Agreement (SLA) metric is a major challenge in a Multiprotocol Label Switching Virtual Private Network (MPLS VPN) because mandatory models must be maintained on both sides of the MPLS VPN in order to achieve end-to-end service levels. The end-to-end service of an MPLS VPN can be degraded owing to various issues such as distributed denial of service (DDoS), and Random Early Detection (RED) that prevents congestion and differentiates between legitimate and illegitimate user traffic. In this study, we propose a centralized solution that uses a SLA Violation Detector (SLAVD) and intrusion detection to prevent SLA violation.
Iridoids. A Review (1980)

Tre review presents a glossary of the iridoid glycosides, secoiridoids, bis-iridoids, and non-glycosidic iridoids. The following information is present for each compound, when available: structural formula, molecular formula, molecular weight, mp and [alpha]D values, uv, ir, 1H-nmr, 13C-nmr, and ms data, as well as mp and [alpha]D values for the correspondent acetate derivative. The natural source, the family and generic name, is given as well as the reference. A cross index and molecular weight tables are presented.
Simulation of electrical overstress thermal failures in integrated circuits (1994)

Electrical overstress (EOS) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) pose the most dominant threats to integrated circuits (ICs) reliability. As a measure for EOS/ESD reliability, the power-to-failure versus time-to-failure relationship (power profile) has been recently proposed to determine the EOS failure thresholds of integrated circuits. This paper presents a nonlinear mixed 2D-1D thermal simulator, iTSIM, for ESD/EOS failure studies in ICs. iTSIM's computational efficiency to handle large-scale EOS thermal problems in ICs derives from the special set of boundary conditions introduced in this paper. Simulated power profiles for various combinations of major thermal parameters of the IC die-package structure are shown to agree with experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Relevance of the ‘Learning Styles Debate’ for Australian Indigenous Students in Mainstream Education (2002)

While there has been much debate (Christie et al., 1987; Eckermann, 1988; Kleinfield and Nelson, 1991; Gibson, 1993; Ulstrup, 1994; Guild, 1994; Nicholls et al., 1995) on the in-appropriateness of applying culturally descriptive ‘learning styles’ in meeting the educational needs of Indigenous students, the reality of the existence of individual life experiences of Indigenous Australians has often been overlooked. That omission diminishes the dominant role which socio-cultural considerations have taken in past colonising practices with the effects of those practices often having become transgenerational among individuals today. This paper attempts to move on from that debate, questioning the validity of a canon that could be accused of merely perpetuating colonial paradigms and failing to acknowledge the integrity of the individual. The importance of determining and establishing effective communication is the key in understanding, and catering for, differing educational approaches, in the past labelled teaching and learning ‘styles’. Consequently, cultural awareness which is inclusive of the diversity of Indigenous Australians is still necessary in opening and maintaining that communication between educational stakeholders in the school community.
Experimental study on active vibration control of a flexible cantilever using an artificial neural-network state predictor (1996)

Active control of flexible structures is crucial for the successful operation of large aerospace structures. One of the predominant difficulties in the active control of flexible structures is that such structures have a number of vibratory modes within or beyond the bandwidth of the controller. In the active control of flexible structures, spillover can occur because only a few vibratory modes are dealt with by the control. Although modal-space-based optimal control is known to avoid spillover, it requires a large number of sensors and actuators. In this study the modified independent modal space control (MIMSC) algorithm proposed by Baz et al is adopted to minimize the number of actuators. An artificial neural network is also proposed to identify the system characteristics and to reduce the number of sensors. Experiments are performed for the active vibration control of a flexible aluminum cantilever beam employing a piezoactuator. It is experimentally found that active control with the proposed artificial neural-network state predictor is able to suppress vibration successfully without spillover.
Roles of Acetate and Pyruvate in the Metabolism of<i>Streptococcus diacetilactis</i> (1970)

Streptococcus diacetilactis required acetate, contained acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase, and incorporated both radioactive exogenous acetate and acetate from citrate into cell lipids. dl-alpha-Lipoic acid replaced acetate and was required for the oxidation of pyruvate. Stimulation of S. diacetilactis by citrate was found to depend on pyruvate oxidation. Resting cells of the organism produced acetate from 73% of the pyruvate they utilized. However, molar growth yields from glucose were not greater under aerobic compared to anaerobic conditions or when lipoic acid or citrate plus lipoic acid was used in the medium in place of acetate. Data indicate that the growth of S. diacetilactis is limited by the rate of acetyl-coenzyme A synthesis, that the rate of synthesis from pyruvate is higher than the rate from acetate, and that lack of acetyl-coenzyme A not required for growth limits the production of diacetyl and precludes the formation of adenosine triphosphate from acetyl-coenzyme A.
Offshoring in the Service Sector: Economic Impact and Policy Issues (2004)

The United States continues to run an international trade surplus in services, but business stories frequently appear about service-sector jobs moving offshore. Many Americans are particularly concerned about the loss of skilled, well-paid jobs in such fields as computer programming and accounting. These jobs seemed relatively secure at a time when many manufacturing jobs were being lost to import competition. Similarly, telephone call centers, once viewed as an economic development opportunity in some areas, increasingly are moving to low-wage countries, such as India and the Philippines. Reflecting this growing concern, some members of Congress and state legislators have focused attention on the offshoring of service jobs and production, even introducing legislation to limit the outsourcing of jobs to other countries. Offshoring raises many questions for policymakers and the general public. For example, which service jobs will be affected most by import competition? What are the most likely effects of service-sector offshoring on U.S. output, employment, and, most important, our standard of living? Is offshoring really a problem that requires restrictive government actions, or are other kinds of policies more appropriate to give Americans the highest possible living standard? ; Garner examines the economic effects of offshoring and possible policy responses. He finds that although the offshoring of service jobs hurts some workers, offshoring should not permanently lower U.S. employment or production. ; Moreover, the average living standard can benefit over the long run if the nation adopts policies to retrain displaced workers and move them into expanding industries.
The Effect of Oil/Brine Ratio on Surfactant Adsorption From Microemulsion (1981)

Abstract Static adsorption measurements of petroleum sulfonates on crushed Bell Creek and Berea cores were made using fluids with the same active surfactant concentration but varying brine/oil mass ratios. The salinity of the brine was chosen such that a significant three-phase region existed in the oil/brine/surfactant/alcohol system. The surfactant adsorption was found to be independent of the structural and compositions differences among the fluids. A series of oil recovery tests in which middle-phase microemulsions were injected into waterflooded cores also were performed. The cores used in these tests had been treated to remove divalent ions accessible to fluid flow. Microemulsion slugs (1.75 to 146% PV) of equal active surfactant concentration but differing brine/oil mass ratios were injected. The total surfactant retention for this system was also found to be independent of the brine/oil mass ratio.
Crime and Punishment in<scp>C</scp>entral<scp>A</scp>merica (2015)

Central America is arguably the most violent region in the world. There is extensive research showing that multiple factors contribute to explain such high levels of violence. One critical factor is often neglected in empirical research in order to understand crime and violence: police performance. The importance of police and their performance together with original research on the efficiency of police forces in Central America are discussed.
50. 5 octobre 1859. Révision des programmes de la section des sciences (1995)

Rouland Gustave. 50. 5 octobre 1859. Révision des programmes de la section des sciences. In: Les sciences dans l'enseignement secondaire français – Textes officiels. Tome 1 : 1789-1914. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 1995. pp. 379-382. (Bibliothèque de l'Histoire de l'Education, 6)
History, Empirical Research, and Law Reform: A Short Comment on a large Subject (1957)

We in the law schools (to borrow a phrase from Karl Llewellyn) are living through the "second explosion" ofin terest and activity in the empirical study oflegal institutions and processes.It cannot fairly be said that the philanthropic foundations have supplied the spark for the detonation; but they certainly have provided a lot of the power.Explo sions, if uncontrolled, can be destructive.But it is not my purpose, in this brief note, to inquire into the myriad prob lems that have followed in the wake of recently launched programs of institutional research.Rather, for the purposes at hand, I shall assume that these difficulties can and will be resolved, that project research will be domesticated with reasonable success, and that programs of other-than-doc trinal inquiry will become accepted as a normal and impor tant part of the institutional functions of many law schools.
High-precision IC quartz oscillator (1996)

Development of satellite communication and navigation, along with adoption of synchronous techniques for data transmitting and processing, promotes an enhanced demand for compact high-stability quartz oscillators of TCXO and VCXO-types. Solving a topical problem-to minimize quartz oscillator dimensions-is presented based on development of a dedicated IC. Considered is an approach to realization of a self-exited oscillator using differential amplifiers and a model of two-terminal networks with a negative impedance. Described are the IC main stages. The reduction of TCVCXO volume down to 15 cm/sup 3/ is attained at instability for frequency of (3-20) MHz with Allan's variance up to (2-5).10/sup -12/.
The progress on merhanisms of Notch signaling pathway regulate Treg cell (2009)

The Notch signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrate and non-vertebrate.For the past few years,investigations indicated that Notch signaling pathway and immunologic system have an inti-mate relationship.It takes part in the regulation of T cell'function including activation and proliferation,ex-ternalization of cytokines and Th1/Th2 cell differentiation.It's also participates in Treg's generation.differ-entiation,amplification and function.The Notch signaling pathway is not only takes part in the development of immune system but also possesses an important role in the regulation of immunological cells's function.

Key words: 
Notch; Signal transduction; Treg cell; Regulates
Short-time traffic flow prediction with ARIMA-GARCH model (2011)

Short-time traffic flow prediction is a significant interest in transportation study, and it is essential in congestion control and traffic network management. In this paper, we propose an Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average with Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARIMA-GARCH) model for traffic flow prediction. The model combines linear ARIMA model with nonlinear GARCH model, so it can capture both the conditional mean and conditional heteroscedasticity of traffic flow series. The model is calibrated, validated and used for prediction based on PeMS single loop detector data. The performance of the hybrid model is compared with that of standard ARIMA model. The results show that the introduction of conditional heteroscedasticity cannot bring satisfactory improvement to prediction accuracy, in some cases the general GARCH(1,1) model may even deteriorate the performance. Thus for ordinary traffic flow prediction, the standard ARIMA model is sufficient.
An Atlas of Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra (1977)

Ultraviolet stellar fluxes have been presented for 140 bright stars in the spectral region from 1200 A to 3600 Å in a graphical and tabular form (A. D. Code and M. R. Meade, 1976). The spectra represent a subset of 0A0-2 spectrometer data on file at the National Space Science Data Center. The monochromatic flux is given in units of ergs cm −2 sec −1 Å −1 with a spectral resolution of about 22 Angstroms in the region from 3600 Å to 1850 Å and approximately 12 Angstroms from 1850 Å to 1160 Å. The monochromatic flux, F λ , is based upon the absolute calibration described by Bless, Code and Fairchild (1976).
Studies on post-harvest attributes of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) cultivars as influenced by tinting with edible colours (2015)

Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa) is a popular cut flower having white coloured fragrant blooms. In order to increase the value and appeal of flower along with fragrance, the spikes of tuberose can be tinted with artificial colours. Therefore, three cultivars viz. Shringar, Calcutta Double and Prajwal were selected to carry out tinting and post harvest studies. The freshly harvested cut flower spikes were treated with five edible dyes (Respberry Red, Orange Red, Green, Yellow and Chocolate brown) alone or in combination with 8-HQC to observe the effect of edible dyes on quality and vase life of tuberose. The cut ends of tuberose spikes were immersed in dye solution for six hours and after that they were transferred to distilled water. Minimum weight loss (6.09 g) and percent weight loss (17.71%) was observed in cut spikes of cultivar prajwal, however, maximum weight loss (12.85 g) and percent weight loss (25.04%) was recorded in cv. Calcutta Double. Maximum volume of dye uptake (6.89 ml) was recorded with 0.2% green dye; among cultivars the spikes of cv. Calcutta Double showed maximum dye uptake (5.29 ml). Maximum water uptake (32.80 ml) was recorded in flowers treated with 0.2% yellow dye + 200 ppm 8HQC (T9). Among three cultivars maximum water uptake (31.46 ml) was recorded in cv. Shringar. Minimum floret drying (26.26%) throughout the studies was observed in flowers treated with 0.2% raspberry red dye+200ppm 8HQC. Among cultivars, Prajwal showed minimum floret wilting (24.63%). The maximum vase life (12.58 days) was observed with 0.2% raspberry red dye while minimum vase life (9.15 days) was observed with orange red dye. The cultivar Calcutta Double flowers exhibited maximum vase life (12.60 days) while cv. Prajwal flowers showed minimum vase life (8.81 days).
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Pulmonary Delivery of Colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Mouse Lung Infection Model (2016)

Colistin is often administered by inhalation and/or the parenteral route for the treatment of respiratory infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> However, limited pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data are available to guide the optimization of dosage regimens of inhaled colistin. In the present study, PK of colistin in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and plasma was determined following intratracheal delivery of a single dose of colistin solution in neutropenic lung-infected mice. The antimicrobial efficacy of intratracheal delivery of colistin against three <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains (ATCC 27853, PAO1, and FADDI-PA022; MIC of 1 mg/liter for all strains) was examined in a neutropenic mouse lung infection model. Dose fractionation studies were conducted over 2.64 to 23.8 mg/kg of body weight/day. The inhibitory sigmoid model was employed to determine the PK/PD index that best described the antimicrobial efficacy of pulmonary delivery of colistin. In both ELF and plasma, the ratio of the area under the unbound concentration-time profile to MIC (<i>f</i>AUC/MIC) was the PK/PD index that best described the antimicrobial effect in mouse lung infection (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.60 to 0.84 for ELF and 0.64 to 0.83 for plasma). The <i>f</i>AUC/MIC targets required to achieve stasis against the three strains were 684 to 1,050 in ELF and 2.15 to 3.29 in plasma. The histopathological data showed that pulmonary delivery of colistin reduced infection-caused pulmonary inflammation and preserved the integrity of the lung epithelium, although colistin introduced mild pulmonary inflammation in healthy mice. This study showed pulmonary delivery of colistin provides antimicrobial effects against MDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> lung infections superior to those of parenteral administrations. For the first time, our results provide important preclinical PK/PD information for optimization of inhaled colistin therapy.
Ground movements due to tunnelling in hard rocks (1988)

Abstract Movements caused by tunnel construction in continuous and discontinuous hard rock are discussed briefly and generally in relation to typical topographic and effective ground stress conditions. Larger displacements are found in open-jointed rocks at shallow depth, and adjacent to tunnels built too close to steep valley walls where stress conditions are adverse. In deep tunnels, where the ground stresses are sufficiently adverse to cause local rock failure, convergence controlled by supports allows the rock to dilate locally and attenuates the movements away from the tunnel. Reference is made to a special form of upward collapse in unsupported tunnels at moderate depth, which may migrate to the surface in discontinuous rocks with near-vertical joint sets and thin, near-horizontal and weak bedding, in the long-term. Two case records are given of water at high pressure in adjoining strata causing bursting of intervening rock into tunnels, one from above the tunnel and one from below.
Two-phase dynamics of p53 in the DNA damage response (2011)

The tumor suppressor p53 mainly induces cell cycle arrest/DNA repair or apoptosis in the DNA damage response. How to choose between these two outcomes is not fully understood. We proposed a four-module model of the p53 signaling network and associated the network dynamics with cellular outcomes after ionizing radiation. We found that the cellular response is mediated by both the level and posttranslational modifications of p53 and that p53 is activated in a progressive manner. First, p53 is partially activated by primary modifications such as phosphorylation at Ser-15/20 to induce cell cycle arrest, with its level varying in a series of pulses. If the damage cannot be fixed after a critical number of p53 pulses, then p53 is fully activated by further modifications such as phosphorylation at Ser-46 to trigger apoptosis, with its concentration switching to rather high levels. Thus, p53 undergoes a two-phase response in irreparably damaged cells. Such combinations of pulsatile and switch-like behaviors of p53 may represent a flexible and efficient control mode, avoiding the premature apoptosis and promoting the execution of apoptosis. In our model, p53 pulses are recurrently driven by ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) pulses triggered by DNA damage. The p53-Mdm2 and ATM-p53-Wip1 negative feedback loops are responsible for p53 pulses, whereas the switching behavior occurs when the p53-PTEN-Akt-Mdm2 positive feedback loop becomes dominant. Our results suggest that a sequential predominance of distinct feedback loops may elicit multiple-phase dynamical behaviors. This work provides a new mechanism for p53 dynamics and cell fate decision.