gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic Change in Digestive Enzyme Activity of Larval and Postlarval White Shrimp <i>Penaeus setiferus</i> (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae) (1990)

Whole specimens of developmental stages of Penaeus setiferus (Linnaeus, 1767) were homogenized and assayed for activities of digestive enzymes. In all developmental stages, activities were present for trypsin, carboxypeptidase A and B, amylase, and non-specific esterase; none for pepsin or lipase were detected. Activities assayed with substrates for chymotrypsin and aminopeptidase are not apparently due to the presence of these enzymes in the gut. Peak activities for all enzymes occurred during late zoeal or early mysis larval stages; low activities occurred at metamorphosis. During postlarval development, amylase activity increased steadily (by a tenfold increase over five weeks), whereas most other enzyme activities were relatively constant until the fifth week of postlarval development. Although it alters enzyme activity, diet does not appear to be the primary effector of ontogenetic change in digestive enzyme activity. Instead, ontogenetic change in digestive enzyme activity may reflect either a developmentally cued change in enzyme synthesis, or a secondary effect of change in the function and relative size of the midgut during its differentiation.
Mobileflow: Toward software-defined mobile networks (2013)

Mobile carrier networks follow an architecture where network elements and their interfaces are defined in detail through standardization, but provide limited ways to develop new network features once deployed. In recent years we have witnessed rapid growth in over-the-top mobile applications and a 10-fold increase in subscriber traffic while ground-breaking network innovation took a back seat. We argue that carrier networks can benefit from advances in computer science and pertinent technology trends by incorporating a new way of thinking in their current toolbox. This article introduces a blueprint for implementing current as well as future network architectures based on a software-defined networking approach. Our architecture enables operators to capitalize on a flow-based forwarding model and fosters a rich environment for innovation inside the mobile network. In this article, we validate this concept in our wireless network research laboratory, demonstrate the programmability and flexibility of the architecture, and provide implementation and experimentation details.
A study of tyre, cavity and rim coupling resonance induced noise (2014)

The tyre cavity resonance induced noise and vibration currently have no effective mass production solutions. All proposed solutions are hard to service and difficult to maintain. Different analysis approaches are presented in this paper to verify computer simulation models. Modal analysis results of the tyre cavity, tyre and rim structures were compared and a complex nature of tyre cavity acoustics is understood. Modified air cavities have been simulated. The research in this paper aims to find effective solutions for elimination of the coupled resonance mode by shifting the tyre cavity modal frequency.
Meticulous Overview on the Controlled Release Fertilizers (2014)

Owing to the high demand for fertilizer formulations that will exhaust the possibilities of nutrient use efficiency (NUE), regulate fertilizer consumption, and lessen agrophysicochemical properties and environmental adverse effects instigated by conventional nutrient supply to crops, this review recapitulates controlled release fertilizers (CRFs) as a cutting-edge and safe way to supply crops’ nutrients over the conventional ways. Essentially, CRFs entail fertilizer particles intercalated within excipients aiming at reducing the frequency of fertilizer application thereby abating potential adverse effects linked with conventional fertilizer use. Application of nanotechnology and materials engineering in agriculture particularly in the design of CRFs, the distinctions and classification of CRFs, and the economical, agronomical, and environmental aspects of CRFs has been revised putting into account the development and synthesis of CRFs, laboratory CRFs syntheses and testing, and both linear and sigmoid release features of CRF formulations. Methodical account on the mechanism of nutrient release centring on the empirical and mechanistic approaches of predicting nutrient release is given in view of selected mathematical models. Compositions and laboratory preparations of CRFs basing on in situ and graft polymerization are provided alongside the physical methods used in CRFs encapsulation, with an emphasis on the natural polymers, modified clays, and superabsorbent nanocomposite excipients.
A comparison of block-matching motion estimation algorithms (2012)

Block-matching motion estimation is an efficient algorithm for reducing the temporal redundancy in video coding and is adopted by video coding standards. Many fast block-matching algorithms have been devised to reduce the computational complexity without degrading the estimation quality. Seven algorithms are implemented and compared - using quality of prediction and efficiency: the full-search, the three-step search, the four-step search, the diamond search, the hexagonal block search, the multi-directional gradient descent search and the fast directional gradient descent search. The aforementioned algorithms are chosen not only because of their popularity, but also because they are rather generic and they represent different ways of cutting down the computation. The most efficient algorithms are the hexagonal block search, the multi-directional gradient descent search and the fast directional gradient descent search. The hexagonal block search produces low quality of prediction, while the two others have the best quality prediction among all analysed algorithms. Also, the hexagonal block search has shown to be less affected by the variation in the block size.
Cutting Edge: Editing of Recycling Class II:Peptide Complexes by HLA-DM (2001)

HLA-DM catalyzes the exchange and selection of ligands for MHC class II molecules within mature endosomal/lysosomal compartments. Here, evidence is provided that DM edits peptides in early endosomes, thus influencing presentation via recycling class II molecules. Maximal class II-restricted presentation of an albumin-derived peptide, dependent on endocytosis and recycling class II molecules, was observed in cells lacking HLA-DM. DM editing of this epitope was observed in early endocytic compartments as shown using inhibitors of early to late endosomal transport. Editing was tempered by coexpression of HLA-DO, suggesting that DM:DO ratio may be important in guiding epitope editing in early endosomal compartments. Thus, HLA-DM appears to interact with, and edit epitopes displayed by, recycling class II molecules.
Hepatitis B surface antigen-1018 ISS adjuvant-containing vaccine: a review of HEPLISAV™ safety and efficacy (2011)

Immunization represents the most effective approach to the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection and the long-term complications of chronic disease, including liver cancer and liver failure. Current vaccines require three doses to achieve maximal immunogenicity and fail to produce long-lasting protection in 5-10% of immune-competent individuals and in a much larger proportion of immune-compromised patients. Immunostimulatory DNA sequence (ISS) vaccine adjuvants, when combined with vaccine antigens, may increase immunogenicity and reduce the number of required doses to achieve this goal. 1018 ISS plus recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen has been demonstrated to achieve these goals in immune competent and vaccine-hyporesponsive populations without compromising recipient safety.
Structural Studies of Fucosylated <i>N</i>-Glycans by Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry and Collision-Induced Fragmentation of Negative Ions (2018)

There is considerable potential for the use of ion mobility mass spectrometry in structural glycobiology due in large part to the gas-phase separation attributes not typically observed by orthogonal methods. Here, we evaluate the capability of traveling wave ion mobility combined with negative ion collision-induced dissociation to provide structural information on N-linked glycans containing multiple fucose residues forming the Lewis<sup>x</sup> and Lewis<sup>y</sup> epitopes. These epitopes are involved in processes such as cell-cell recognition and are important as cancer biomarkers. Specific information that could be obtained from the intact N-glycans by negative ion CID included the general topology of the glycan such as the presence or absence of a bisecting GlcNAc residue and the branching pattern of the triantennary glycans. Information on the location of the fucose residues was also readily obtainable from ions specific to each antenna. Some isobaric fragment ions produced prior to ion mobility could subsequently be separated and, in some cases, provided additional valuable structural information that was missing from the CID spectra alone. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
Enhancing Peptide Identification Confidence by Combining Search Methods (2008)

Confident peptide identification is one of the most important components in mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. We propose a method to properly combine the results from different database search methods to enhance the accuracy of peptide identifications. The database search methods included in our analysis are SEQUEST (v27 rev12), ProbID (v1.0), InsPecT (v20060505), Mascot (v2.1), X! Tandem (v2007.07.01.2), OMSSA (v2.0) and RAId_DbS. Using two data sets, one collected in profile mode and one collected in centroid mode, we tested the search performance of all 21 combinations of two search methods as well as all 35 possible combinations of three search methods. The results obtained from our study suggest that properly combining search methods does improve retrieval accuracy. In addition to performance results, we also describe the theoretical framework which in principle allows one to combine many independent scoring methods including de novo sequencing and spectral library searches. The correlations among different methods are also investigated in terms of common true positives, common false positives, and a global analysis. We find that the average correlation strength, between any pairwise combination of the seven methods studied, is usually smaller than the associated standard error. This indicates only weak correlation may be present among different methods and validates our approach in combining the search results. The usefulness of our approach is further confirmed by showing that the average cumulative number of false positive peptides agrees reasonably well with the combined E-value. The data related to this study are freely available upon request.
The Safety and Efficacy of Spinal Anesthesia for Surgery in Infants: The Vermont Infant Spinal Registry (2005)

Studies with modest numbers of patients have suggested that spinal anesthesia in infants is associated with a very infrequent incidence of complications, such as hypoxemia, bradycardia, and postoperative apnea. Although spinal anesthesia would seem to be a logical alternative to general anesthesia for many surgical procedures, it remains an underutilized technique. Since 1978, clinical data concerning all infants undergoing spinal anesthesia at the University of Vermont have been prospectively recorded. In all, 1554 patients have been studied. Anesthesia was performed by anesthesia trainees and attending anesthesiologists. The success rate for LP was 97.4%. An adequate level of spinal anesthesia was achieved in 95.4% of cases. The average time required to induce spinal anesthesia was 10 min. Oxygen hemoglobin desaturation to <90% was observed in 10 patients. Bradycardia (heart rate <100 bpm) occurred in 24 patients (1.6%). This study confirms the infrequent incidence of complications associated with spinal anesthesia in infants. Spinal anesthesia can be performed safely, efficiently, and with the expectation of a high degree of success. Spinal anesthesia should be strongly considered as an alternative to general anesthesia for lower abdominal and lower extremity surgery in infants.
Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea (2014)

Plastic pollution is ubiquitous throughout the marine environment, yet estimates of the global abundance and weight of floating plastics have lacked data, particularly from the Southern Hemisphere and remote regions. Here we report an estimate of the total number of plastic particles and their weight floating in the world's oceans from 24 expeditions (2007-2013) across all five sub-tropical gyres, costal Australia, Bay of Bengal and the Mediterranean Sea conducting surface net tows (N = 680) and visual survey transects of large plastic debris (N = 891). Using an oceanographic model of floating debris dispersal calibrated by our data, and correcting for wind-driven vertical mixing, we estimate a minimum of 5.25 trillion particles weighing 268,940 tons. When comparing between four size classes, two microplastic <4.75 mm and meso- and macroplastic >4.75 mm, a tremendous loss of microplastics is observed from the sea surface compared to expected rates of fragmentation, suggesting there are mechanisms at play that remove <4.75 mm plastic particles from the ocean surface.
[Some economic and demographic norms of workers from three settled municipalities]. (1991)

Preliminary data on household structures of proletarian and semiproletarian workers in 3 municipios of the state of Puebla, Mexico, are presented. This work is part of a larger study of the 5 municipios with the highest proportion of industrial workers in the state of Puebla. Among the 3 municipios in the present study, Puebla contained 48.4% of the state's industrial workers, Tehuacan 6.9%, and Cholula 3.9%. A structured questionnaire was used during interviews with 27 male and 25 female factory workers in Puebla, 24 male and 15 female workers in Cholula, and 25 male and 20 female factory workers in Tehuacan. 16% of households of industrial workers in Puebla and Cholula supplemented their wage income with agricultural work, compared to 27% in Tehuacan. 10 of the workers, all women, were under 20 years old. 73% of women workers were under 30 years old, compared to 34% of the male workers. Women workers virtually disappeared after 40 years. Less educated women tend to enter the labor force at early ages and use their incomes to aid the parental budget. The tendency is reinforced by the preference of factories for a very young female labor force that also stops working a young age due to marriage. Women supported households alone in 8 cases and with the aid of other women in 4 cases. 52 households depended on the income of 1 man and another 17 on the income of more than 1 man. 48 of the women but only 7 of the men belonged to households in which both men and women were economically active. Households supported by just 1 man tended to be quite large. The data suggest a postponement of the age at 1st pregnancy among female workers.
Acetylcholinesterase-Inhibiting Activity of Pyrrole Derivatives from a Novel Marine Gliding Bacterium, Rapidithrix thailandica (2008)

Acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting activity of marinoquinoline A (1), a new pyrroloquinoline from a novel species of a marine gliding bacterium Rapidithrix thailandica, was assessed (IC50 4.9 μM). Two related pyrrole derivatives, 3-(2'-aminophenyl)-pyrrole (3) and 2,2-dimethyl-pyrrolo-1,2-dihydroquinoline (4), were also isolated from two other strains of R. thailandica. The isolation of 3 from a natural source is reported here for the first time. Compound 4 was proposed to be an isolation artifact derived from 3. The two isolated compounds were virtually inactive in the acetylcholinesterase-inhibitory assay (enzyme inhibition < 30% at 0.1 g L-1).
Recent Advances and Patents on Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (2008)

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) have attracted increasing scientific and commercial attention as colloidal drug carriers during the last decade. They have emerged as a potential alternative compared to other colloidal systems like polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes and fat emulsions, as they have been claimed to combine their advantages but successfully overcome their drawbacks. SLN formulations are extensively developed and characterized for their in vitro and in vivo applications by various routes like parenteral, oral, pulmonary, ocular, and dermal. SLNs are being widely investigated as carriers for delivery of macromolecules like proteins, oligonucleotides and DNA. SLNs have already been taken up for medium and large scale production using two of its reported production methods. In fact, the first SLN based product has recently been introduced in the Poland market as a topically applied moisturizer. Newer methods for production of SLNs and their applications are being reported and patented. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are mixture of solid lipid and liquid lipid while Lipid Drug Conjugates (LDC) are water insoluble lipid carrier for loading of poorly lipid soluble drugs. These new generation of lipid nanoparticles have been claimed to overcome the shortcomings of SLNs. This article reviews the formulation, characterization, applications, and patents on the advances and research on SLNs, NLC and LDC.
A 3-D point clouds scanning and registration methodology for automatic object digitization (2016)

The article presents a robot 3-D scanning system for generation of 3-D point clouds of an object by using multi-view 3-D scanning and novel data registration. Our approach mainly comprises two important elements in the determination of next best probe pose and multiple-view point clouds registration. A novel technique is proposed to register 3-D object scene with overlapped or stacked condition. Under this scenario, conventional registration methods such as the iterative closest point algorithm usually fail to converge to a global minimum when a good initial estimate for image registration does not exist. Our proposed technique uses a 3-D scanner to be mounted on a six degree of freedom-articulated industrial robot. It keeps moving probe continuously in the working range against the object and autonomously varying the probe with various gestures required for complete object scanning and for achieving best 3-D sensing accuracy. The robot scanning path is determined through a proposed algorithm using information from the latest scanning data and registered result of the object. The developed method has been verified through experimental tests for its feasibility test. It confirms that the registration accuracy with one standard deviation can be controlled within 0.323 mm when the objects underlying reconstruction are in range of hundreds of millimeters.
정광수 창 중 중중모리장단 대목의 정서적 다양성과 음악 활용양상 (2019)

본 글은 정광수 창 중 중중모리장단 대목을 중심으로 사설 내용에 내재되어 있는 정서적 다양성을 살펴, 음악요소들과 어떠한 영향 관계 속에서 결합하여 활용양상이 드러나는지 각 대목마다 유형화하여 고찰하였다. 이를 통해 도출된 결론을 정리하면 다음과 같다.
첫째, 정광수는 상황이 극적인 사설의 내용이 아닌 대목들은 속도가 중(中)에 해당하는 중간 속도로 편안하게 진행하였다. 그러나 만(慢)이나 삭(數)에 해당하는 대목에서는 지나치게 슬프거나 혹은 신나는 양쪽의 극단적인 대비 상황에 따라 속도를 의도적으로 변별성을 두고 운용하고 있음을 확인 할 수 있다.
둘째, 가사붙임새는 4가지 유형 중 D형인 ‘(3+3)+(2+2+2)’ 구조가 전체의 36%로 가장 많이 활용되며, 이어서 ‘A > C > B’ 순으로 적절하게 대목마다 운용하고 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 엇붙임의 활용 빈도수는 상대적으로 속도가 빠르거나 느린 대목에서 적극 운용하는 양상이 나타났다.
셋째, 종지형에 비해 내드름형에서 다양한 유형의 리듬구조를 사용하였다. 이는 첫머리를 시작하는 부분은 전체 악곡의 분위기를 결정 짓기 때문에 사설내용에 따라 다양한 리듬구조의 유형을 운용하는 것으로 나타났다.
넷째, 단순한 계면조의 선율로만 진행할 경우 단조로움을 피하기 위하여 일시적변청을 주기적으로 활용하였다. 반면 출현음이 많거나 선율진행이 화려한 대목에서는 일시적변청을 자제하여 운용하였다. 또한 변조를 하는 대목에서는 동물들의 대사부분의 문답형식이나, 등장인물의 전환, 장소의 변화 등에서 이면에 맞게 의도적으로 악조를 변화시키는 양상이 나타났다.
이상에서 음악 요소별 특징들을 종합해보면, 정광수는 중중모리장단 대목사설의 내용은 극단적으로 대비되는 다양한 장면에서 활용하고 있었다. 대비되는 다양한 장면을 효과적으로 전달시키기 위해 정광수는 음악적 표현요소인 ‘속도(만·중·삭)’를 활용하여 음악적 풍부함을 구현하였다. 아울러 ‘화려한 선율진행’, ‘일시적변청’, ‘주서붙임’, ‘변조’ 등 적절한 음악적 요소를 통해 균형감 있게 대목 안에 녹여 내고 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.
미국 대학의 신입생 대상 교육과정 실행 사례 분석 (2011)

본 연구는 미국의 신입생 대상 교육(first-year experience: FYE)의 필요성을 알리고, 한국 대학 교육과정에 도입되어 효과적으로 정착ㆍ실행될 수 있도록 시사점을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 연구는 크게 다음의 세 단계로 진행되었다. 첫째, 문헌 고찰을 통해 신입생 대상 교육의 발상지인 미국의 신입생 대상 교육의 역사와 배경...
Electronic structure transformation from a quantum-dot to a quantum-wire system: Photoluminescence decay and polarization of colloidal CdSe quantum rods (2002)

Radiative lifetime, polarization, and the global Stokes shift of colloidal CdSe quantum rods with aspect ratios from 1.9 to 3.8 are measured at room temperature. The radiative lifetime and the global Stokes shift show nonmonotonous dependence on the aspect ratio of the nanorods, and strong linear polarization in emission sharply appears as the aspect ratio crosses a turning point. The features of radiative lifetime and polarization versus aspect ratio in these nanorods indicate a transformation of the electronic structure from a zero-dimensional quantum-dot system to a one-dimensional quantum-wire system.
Accident Mapping And Analysis Using Geographical Information Systems (2011)

ABSTRACT : Recent reports by WHO indicate: (a) India having the highest number of fatal accidents, and (b) low and middle income countries accounting for 90% of accidents. The concern, regarding road safety in a developing country like India, further amplifies in absence of proper framework to analyze the accident related data using modern tools & techniques, especially in semi-urban or rural setting. This paper is an attempt to address the same concern. The model proposed in this paper tries to utilize the data available through old records, by extracting factual & relevant information. The model analyzes the data based on various parameters such as location of accident, severity, date and time of accident and some demographic parameters like population, educational institutions etc. Different methods of statistical & spatial analysis, such as Kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation, are being compared so as to determine the most appropriate way to analyze the acquired data. Geographical Information System (GIS) is being used as a tool for statistical analysis, to achieve the objectives of the paper. The analytical process determines the statistically significant areas, which require urgent attention corresponding to the relevant parameters. Suggested areas are to be further investigated and recommendations can be made accordingly. The study was conducted for Pilani town & surrounding areas. With appropriate modifications, this system can be further applied over larger geographical extents, for better management & analysis of accident related data, for achieving better road safety.
Deep Patient Representation of Clinical Notes via Multi-Task Learning for Mortality Prediction. (2019)

We propose a deep learning-based multi-task learning (MTL) architecture focusing on patient mortality predictions from clinical notes. The MTL framework enables the model to learn a patient representation that generalizes to a variety of clinical prediction tasks. Moreover, we demonstrate how MTL enables small but consistent gains on a single classification task (e.g., in-hospital mortality prediction) simply by incorporating related tasks (e.g., 30-day and 1-year mortality prediction) into the MTL framework. To accomplish this, we utilize a multi-level Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) associated with a MTL loss component. The model is evaluated with 3, 5, and 20 tasks and is consistently able to produce a higher-performing model than a single-task learning (STL) classifier. We further discuss the effect of the multi-task model on other clinical outcomes of interest, including being able to produce high-quality representations that can be utilized to great effect by simpler models. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficiency and generalizability of MTL across tasks that STL fails to leverage.