gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Intelligent Data Brokerage (2014)

The anonymization of widely distributed or open data has been a topic of great interest to privacy advocates in recent years. The goal of anonymization in these cases is to make data available to a larger audience, extending the utility of the data to new environments and evolving use cases without compromising the personal information of individuals whose data are being distributed. The resounding issue with such practices is that, with any anonymity measure, there is a trade-off between privacy and utility, where maximizing one carries a cost to the other. In this paper, the authors propose a framework for the utility-preserving release of anonymized data, based on the idea of intelligent data brokerages. These brokerages act as intermediaries between users requesting access to information resources and an existing database management system (DBMS). Through the use of a formal language for interpreting user information requests, customizable anonymization policies, and optional natural language processing (NLP) capabilities, data brokerages can maximize the utility of data in-context when responding to user inquiries.
Ectopic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Coated Scaffolds Create An In Vivo Leukemia Niche in NOD/SCID Mice. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 559 Introduction: Different cellular components of the normal hematopoietic niche have been identified. However, the niche for malignant hematopoiesis remains to be elucidated. Recent work of other groups has suggested that hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) within the bone marrow anchor themselves in place by attaching to osteoblasts and/or vascular sinusoid endothelial cells. We have recently identified mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as niche-maker cells and found a crucial role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in this process. Stromal Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) regulates stem cell trafficking and the cell cycle via its receptor CXCR4. Methods: Polyurethane scaffolds, coated in vitro with human bone marrow MSC, were implanted subcutaneously in non-irradiated NOD/SCID mice. CD34+ HSC or primary AML cells (from a leukapheresis product) were injected either in situ or retro-orbitally in the mice and analyzed for engraftment. The mice were treated twice per week with in situ injections of SDF-1, AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist) or PBS (control). After 2 to 4 weeks, the scaffolds were processed and evaluated for cell survival in the mesenchymal niche by immunohistochemistry. Results: We created in vitro MSC-coated scaffolds that retained inoculated AML cells in the presence of SDF-1, while AML cells seeded on empty scaffolds were not retained. In vivo in NOD/SCID mice, the MSC-coated scaffolds, in the presence of SDF-1 enabled homing of both in situ injected normal CD34+ HSC and retroorbital- or in situ injected primary human AML cells. The scaffolds were vascularized and showed osteoclasts and adipocytes present, suggestive of an ectopic human bone marrow microenvironment in the murine host. Finally, the SDF-1-treated scaffolds showed proliferation of the MSC stromal layer with multiple adherent AML cells, while in the AMD3100-treated scaffolds the stromal lining was thin and disrupted at several points, leaving AML cells free floating in proximity. The PBS-treated control-scaffold showed a thin single cell MSC stromal layer without disruption, with few AML cells attached. Conclusion: The preliminary data of this functional ectopic human microenvironment in NOD/SCID mice suggest that AMD3100 (a CXCR4 antagonist) can disrupt the stem cell niche by modulation of the mesenchymal stromal. Further studies are needed to define the role of mesenchymal stem cells in maintaining the hematopoietic/leukemic stem cell niche in vivo. In Vivo Leukemia Stem Cell Niche: (A) Empty polyurethane scaffold. (B)Vascularization in SQ implanted MSC-coated scaffold (s) niche in NOD/SCID mice. (C) DAB Peroxidase (brown) human CD45 positive nests of AML cells (arrows) 1 week after direct in situ AML injection. (D) Human CD45 positive myeloid cells adhere to MSC in vivo (arrows). Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE AND ITS DILUENT SYSTEMS (1958)

>This work is concerned with extending previous data and identifying the products of radiolysis for mixtures of tributyl phosphate in petroleum naphtha. (W. L. H.)
Bulk and surface characterization of a dewetting thin film polymer bilayer (1998)

We have monitored the progression of the dewetting of a partially brominated polystyrene (PBrS) thin film on top of a polystyrene (PS) thin film with scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) as well as photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). We mapped the projected thickness of each constituent polymer species and the total thickness of the film with STXM, while we determined the surface composition with PEEM. Our data show that the PBrS top layer becomes encapsulated during the later stages of dewetting and that atomic force microscopy topographs cannot be utilized to determine the contact angle between PBrS and PS.
A connectionist production system with approximate matching function (2002)

A hybrid symbolic/connectionist implementation of a production system with an approximate matching function is presented. The authors demonstrate the conversion of sequential production rules into a parallel firing connectionist network consisting of simple cells and providing an approximate matching function. The hybrid symbolic/connectionist production system (HSC-PS) supports two types of working memory element, the attribute/value pair and the object/attribute/value triplet. An attribute may be either crisp or fuzzy. The degree of match is measured for a condition having a fuzzy attribute and the working memory element which exists for that attribute and is represented by a value between 0 and 1. The strength of firing for a rule is decided by the minimum match of all the conditions in the left hand side of the rule. The strength of firing affects the actual amount of action to be performed on a fuzzy attribute. If two or more actions are to be performed on the same fuzzy attribute, a new action is composed from them and executed. A classic control problem is taken as an example and the results of the HSC-PS are compared with those of a fuzzy logic controller.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Integrated atomic force microscope and ultrafast sampling probe (1994)

The reduction of line dimensions in integrated circuits and the increase in the device speeds has led to the need for high-speed probes with sub-micron spatial resolution. This need is addressed by combining Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), with its sub-nanometer spatial resolution, and photoconductive sampling, with single picosecond temporal resolution.[1]
Observation of a kilogram-scale oscillator near its quantum ground state (2009)

We introduce a novel cooling technique capable of approaching the quantum ground state of a kilogram-scale system-an interferometric gravitational wave detector. The detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) operate within a factor of 10 of the standard quantum limit (SQL), providing a displacement sensitivity of 10-18 m in a 100 Hz band centered on 150 Hz. With a new feedback strategy, we dynamically shift the resonant frequency of a 2.7 kg pendulum mode to lie within this optimal band, where its effective temperature falls as low as 1.4μK, and its occupation number reaches about 200 quanta. This work shows how the exquisite sensitivity necessary to detect gravitational waves can be made available to probe the validity of quantum mechanics on an enormous mass scale. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
Macromolecule-Substrate Complexation. A Saturation Phenomenon Exhibited by Poly(4(5)-vinylimidazole) and an Anionic Ester (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMacromolecule-Substrate Complexation. A Saturation Phenomenon Exhibited by Poly(4(5)-vinylimidazole) and an Anionic EsterC. G. Overberger, R. Corett, J. C. Salamone, and S. YaroslavskyCite this: Macromolecules 1968, 1, 4, 331–334Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60004a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60004a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Support Vector Machines in<i>R</i> (2006)

Being among the most popular and efficient classification and regression methods currently available, implementations of support vector machines exist in almost every popular programming language. Currently four R packages contain SVM related software. The purpose of this paper is to present and compare these implementations.
Inter-comparison of two high-accuracy fast-response spectroscopic sensors of carbon dioxide: a case study (2012)

Abstract. Tunable diode laser absorption (TDL) and cavity ring-down spectroscopic (CRDS) sensors for atmospheric carbon dioxide were co-deployed during summer and fall of 2010 in field and laboratory conditions at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Both sensors were characterized for accuracy and precision for ambient carbon dioxide measurements at ground level and compared using both laboratory and ambient field data. After post-processing that included water vapor correction and calibration to WMO reference standards, overall mean [12C16O2] = 392.05 ± 8.92 ppm and [12C16O2] = 392.22 ± 9.05 ppm were observed between 29 July and 16 August 2010. The mean difference between the CRDS and TDL data for 12CO2 was 0.04 ± 1.80 ppm (±1σ in 60 s) for ambient field data, demonstrating the sensors meet the WMO/IAEA compatibility standard. The observations show over the 19-day period the [CO2]CRDS'/[CO2]TDL ratio exhibits a Gaussian distribution centered at x0 = 1.003 ± 3.38 × 10−5 (±1σ), indicating the ratio is dominated by random noise as opposed to a bias in the output of either sensor. The CRDS sensor is capable of measuring [12C16O2] to a precision of 23 ppb in 1 min and decreases to 6.5 ppb in 58 min. At one and 58-min, the TDL exhibits precisions of 29 ppb and 53 ppb. The CRDS is compact, fast, and stable; the TDL is larger and requires frequent calibrations to maintain its precision. The sensors also exhibit consistent hourly averaged diurnal values underscoring the interplay of biological, anthropogenic, and transport processes regulating CO2 at the site.
Packaging of disposable chips for bioanalytical applications (2004)

The need for point-of-care or point-of-use diagnostic sensors in the health care industry as well as for food and water pathogen testing has been a major factor in the development of low-cost microfluidic devices. Polymer materials have been the obvious choice due to their cost effectiveness. Whereas, due to significant advances in MEMS manufacturing and microelectronic packaging, a significant body of knowledge is available for manufacturing and packaging semiconductor-based or glass-based bioanalytical microdevices, packaging know-how for polymer-based microfluidic devices is not as readily available. In this paper, the realization of microfluidic packages by bonding several stacked layers of microstructured polymer films in a reel-to-reel manufacturing system is shown to be promising approach. The smart division between disposable and reusable system parts as well as the careful selection of materials, based on microstructuring, bonding, biocompatibility and autofluorescence criteria may lead to bioanalytical devices with a very competitive cost of ownership per test. For the realization of such microfluidic disposables, microstructuring technologies based on UV laser micromachining, bonding technologies based on thermal diffusion, adhesives and microwave sealing using conductive polymers, and surface modification approaches for the reduction of non-specific protein binding are discussed.
Caspase-6 does not contribute to the proteolysis of mutant huntingtin in the HdhQ150 knock-in mouse model of Huntington’s disease (2012)

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a late-onset progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by irrepressible motor dysfunction, cognitive decline and psychiatric disturbances for which there is no effective disease-modifying treatment. The proteolytic cleavage of huntingtin (HTT) to generate N-terminal fragments has been proposed to be a key aspect of HD pathogenesis. In particular, it has been shown that HTT can be cleaved at amino acid 586 by caspase-6 (CASP6) and that prevention of cleavage at this site is neuroprotective and can rescue HD-related phenotypes in YAC transgenic HD mouse models. To determine the role that CASP6 plays in HTT proteolysis, we evaluated the effects of the genetic ablation of Casp6 in the HdhQ150 knock-in mouse model of HD. Here we show that the loss of CASP6 had no effect on the proteolysis of HTT, and did not modify the pattern of N-terminal HTT fragments that are present in the brains of these animals. Furthermore, we show that CASP6 ablation does not influence the steady-state levels of soluble HTT in the brains of presymptomatic mice. Therefore, we conclude that CASP6 is not necessary for HTT proteolysis in the HdhQ150 mouse model of HD, and that targeting CASP6 as a therapeutic strategy should be approached with caution in the context of this complex disease.
Multifocal Corneal Topographic Changes After Radial Keratotomy (1992)

Quantitative analysis of the central corneal refractive powers of both eyes of three patients demonstrated that, after radial keratotomy, the corneas tended to have a greater range of refractive powers than preoperatively, and that the corneas with a multifocal effect had a wider distribution of refractive powers than the corneas of eyes without this effect. It may be possible to intentionally achieve a multifocal lens effect by designing a refractive procedure to predictably widen the distribution of central corneal refractive powers.
Evidence for<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type Doping of InN (2006)

The first evidence of successful p-type doping of InN is presented. It is shown that InN:Mg films consist of a p-type bulk region with a thin n-type inversion layer at the surface that prevents electrical contact to the bulk. Capacitance-voltage measurements indicate a net concentration of ionized acceptors below the -type surface. Irradiation with 2 MeV He+ ions is used to convert the bulk of InN:Mg from p to n-type, at which point photoluminescence is recovered. The conversion is well explained by a model assuming two parallel conducting layers (the surface and the bulk) in the films.
Aiming for an Average Female Virtual Human Body Model for Seat Performance Assessment in Rear-End Impacts (2015)

The female part of the population suffers more Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD) in car crashes than males. Several studies have illustrated the need to consider the female population when developing and assessing the WAD prevention performance of advanced restraint systems in rear-end collisions. Presently only one crash test dummy is available, the average sized male BioRID. Recently a virtual dummy model of an average female, EvaRID, was developed and used in rear impact simulations. The results stressed the need for models representing the female part of the population, as well. Virtual crash simulations have become essential in traffic safety and with models of both an average male and female, further steps in addressing improved assessment of WAD prevention can be taken. The present paper presents a starting point of research aiming to develop an open-source average female Finite Element (FE) model with an anatomically detailed cervical spine. This paper provides a review of the literature to identify gender specific neck biomechanics and anatomical differences, followed by a review of published FE models of the cervical spine. Data on vertebral body dimensions (height, width, depth, spinal canal diameter, facet joint angles) have been compiled from biomechanical literature. Significant gender differences exist for the vertebral body depth and width, the spinal curvature in the seated posture, and the spinal stiffness and range of motion. All have the potential to influence the outcome of an impact and should be accounted for in the development of WAD prevention. The review of FE models of the cervical spine presented 17 models based on male geometry but only one model scaled to represent a female. An overview of the models are given with respect to the solver, geometry source, number of elements, and implementation of the facet joints, ligaments, and muscles. It is recommended that an average female model is developed with focus on; 1) the shape of the female vertebral body, especially the depth and width that provides less support area than for males, 2) defining the spinal curvature representative of seated female volunteers who generally display less lordosis than males, 3) the dimensions of the spinal ligaments, rather than the material properties, to capture the larger range of motion and less spinal stiffness of female subjects compared to males, and 4) validation to female volunteers and PMHS tests for range of motion, while failure prediction seem less gender sensitive
Multi‐lithology stratigraphic model under maximum erosion rate constraint (2004)

Abstract Non‐linear single lithology or multi‐lithology diffusion models have been widely used by sedimentologists and geomorphologists in the field of stratigraphic basin simulations to simulate the large scale depositional transport processes of sediments. Nevertheless, as noticed by many authors, erosion and sedimentation processes are non‐symmetric. Soil material must first be produced in situ by weathering processes prior to be transported by diffusion. This is usually taken into account through a prescribed maximum erosion rate of the sediments, but no mathematical description of the coupling with the diffusion model has been proposed so far. In this paper, we introduce a new mathematical formulation for the coupling of the weather limited erosion and the multi‐lithology diffusion models, which appears as a non‐standard free boundary problem for a new variable acting as a limitor of the fluxes. One of the main advantages of this formulation, compared to existing discrete coupling models, is to enable the definition of efficient discretization schemes. A finite volume scheme with implicit time integration is introduced which is proved to be unconditionally stable in the l ∞ norm for the sediment thickness, the sediment concentrations in the lithologies, and the flux limitor variables. A Newton algorithm with an iterative computation of the saturated constraints is used to solve efficiently the non‐linear system resulting from the discretization. The efficiency of the model and the numerical scheme is illustrated on 2D and 3D basin simulation examples. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fe K<i>α</i>line emission from the Arches cluster region – evidence for ongoing particle bombardment? (2011)

Context. Bright Fe-Kα line emission at 6.4 keV is a unique characteristic of some of the dense molecular complexes present in the Galactic center region. Whether this X-ray fluorescence is due largely to the irradiation of the clouds by X-ray photons or is, at least in part, the result of cosmic-ray particle bombardment, remains an interesting open question.
Expanding the substrate scope of ugi five-center, four-component reaction U-5C-4CR): ketones as coupling partners for secondary amino acids (2013)

Various symmetrical and unsymmetrical ketones were successfully coupled with secondary amino acids in the course of Ugi five-center, four-component reaction (U-5C-4CR), thus expanding the molecular diversity possible to be achieved by the reaction. The chemical yields depended on the degree of hindrance of the components employed and were satisfactory in view of possible steric interactions in the U-5C-4CR zwitterionic intermediate. The sense of diastereoinduction for reactions employing unsymmetrical ketones was examined by converting the resulting Ugi adducts into the corresponding rigid 2,6-diketopiperazine derivatives.
A Putative Glutathione Peroxidase of Drosophila Encodes a Thioredoxin Peroxidase That Provides Resistance against Oxidative Stress But Fails to Complement a Lack of Catalase Activity (2003)

Cellular defense systems against reactive oxygen species (ROS) include thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione reductase (GR). They generate sulfhydryl-reducing systems which are coupled to antioxidant enzymes, the thioredoxin and glutathione peroxidases (TPx and GPx). The fruit fly Drosophila lacks a functional GR, suggesting that the thioredoxin system is the major source for recycling glutathione. Whole genome in silico analysis identified two non-selenium containing putative GPx genes. We examined the biochemical characteristics of one of these gene products and found that it lacks GPx activity and functions as a TPx. Transgene-dependent overexpression of the newly identified Glutathione peroxidase homolog with thioredoxin peroxidase activity (Gtpx-1) gene increases resistance to experimentally induced oxidative stress, but does not compensate for the loss of catalase, an enzyme which, like GTPx-1, functions to eliminate hydrogen peroxide. The results suggest that GTPx-1 is part of the Drosophila Trx antioxidant defense system but acts in a genetically distinct pathway or in a different cellular compartment than catalase.