gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O-029. Randomized study of oocytes matured in vitro after collection from unstimulated or mildly stimulated patients (1997)

tyrosine phosphorylation in capacitating spermatozoa is also indicated by the ability of diphenylene iodonium (an inhibitor of the sperm oxidase responsible for generating ROS) to suppress both ROS production and the tyrosine phosphorylation events associated with the attainment of a capacitated state. The fact that catalase also suppresses the tyrosine phosphorylation associated with capacitation emphasizes the importance of H20 2 in these events. ROS are a two-edged sword: not only are these molecules involved in the events leading to sperm capacitation but, when produced in excess, they are also responsible for the oxidative stress associated with male infertility. Such excessive ROS generation may arise from two sources: contaminating leukocytes or the spermatozoa themselves. The impact of leukocyte contamination depends on the species of leukocyte involved, whether they are activated, how they become activated and where they become activated. Although seminal polymorphs actively generate ROS, considerable protection is offered to the spermatozoa by antioxidants present in seminal plasma. Removal of the seminal plasma during sperm preparation for IVF renders the spermatozoa susceptible to an oxidative attack, which might be significant given the lack of antioxidants in conventional culture media. Excessive ROS generation by the spermatozoa appears to be associated with defects in the sperm midpiece involving the retention of excess residual cytoplasm. In such cases, the oxidative damage might be ameliorated by the systemic administration of antioxidants such as vitamin E. Such treatments might be a useful adjunct to assisted conception treatments such as ICSI, given the susceptibility of the sperm chromatin to oxidative attack.
Characterization and fabrication of fully metal‐coated scanning near‐field optical microscopy SiO<sub>2</sub> tips (2003)

The fabrication of silicon cantilever-based scanning near-field optical microscope probes with fully aluminium-coated quartz tips was optimized to increase production yield. Different cantilever designs for dynamic- and contact-mode force feedback were implemented. Light transmission through the tips was investigated experimentally in terms of the metal coating and the tip cone-angle. We found that transmittance varies with the skin depth of the metal coating and is inverse to the cone angle, meaning that slender tips showed higher transmission. Near-field optical images of individual fluorescing molecules showed a resolution < 100 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of tips before and after scanning near-field optical microscope imaging, and transmission electron microscopy analysis of tips before and after illumination, together with measurements performed with a miniaturized thermocouple showed no evidence of mechanical defect or orifice formation by thermal effects.
Energy Efficiency in Colombia: Trends and Challenges (2014)

Sustainable energy is important to achieve development and welfare of population because is a key to analysis how the countries use their energy as an element that strengthens productive activities from environmental protection perspective. This study seeks to determine the progress in sustainable energy in Colombia for the last decade analysing trends and challenges of energy efficiency through some indicators to establish results, achieves, gaps and barriers in the context of the institutional and policy framework. Results of this analysis demonstrated that Colombia has achieved significant advances in this field recognizing the need to increase energy efficiency especially in the power, industrial and transport sectors. Colombian government has formulated two regulations (Law 691/2001 and Decree 3683/2003) and PROURE program with Resolution 180919/2010 to implement various measures to promote energy efficiency. However, this country has several challenges to achieve a better use of energy that decrease environmental impacts whereas it strengthens economic growth and development.
Interdiffusion in Thin Films (1985)

Gallium is a metal that literally melts in your hand. It has low toxicity, near-zero vapor pressure, and a viscosity similar to water. Despite possessing a surface tension larger than any other liquid (near room temperature), gallium can form nonspherical ...Read More
An Analysis of the Sensing Method of Automatic Frequency Control for Microwave Oscillators (1949)

An analysis is made of the type of automatic-frequency-control circuit that uses a simple cavity resonator for the stable element and either frequency modulation of the controlled oscillator or modulation of the cavity resonance frequency to obtain effective discriminator curves which give a null output for a frequency equal to the average cavity resonance frequency. An analysis is made of the complete automatic-frequency-control loop gain, including the transmission through the cavity as a function of the various parameters and the frequency-modulation swing. A discussion is presented of the best method of decreasing the pulling of the oscillator frequency by the cavity, and the pulling of the cavity frequency by a load which has a variable susceptance.
Scheduling with Advanced Reservations (2000)

Some computational grid applications have very large resource requirements and need simultaneous access to resources from more than one parallel computer. Current scheduling systems do not provide mechanisms to gain such simultaneous access without the help of human administrators of the computer systems. In this work, we propose and evaluate several algorithms for supporting advanced reservation of resources in supercomputing scheduling systems. These advanced reservations allow users to request resources from scheduling systems at specific times. We find that the wait times of applications submitted to the queue increases when reservations are supported and the increase depends on how reservations are supported. Further, we find that the best performance is achieved when we assume that applications can be terminated and restarted, backfilling is performed, and relatively accurate run-time predictions are used. 1. Introduction A recent trend in high-performance computing are computa...
Use of Aerosolized Antibiotics in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis (1999)

There has been a renewed interest in the use of aerosolized antibiotics in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients during the past decade. Potential benefits of delivering antibiotics by aerosol include the following: direct delivery of antibiotics to the endobronchial site of infection; decreased toxicity as systemic absorption is limited; reduced cost; and less disruption to patients' lives, especially when compared with IV antibiotic administration. Several reviews have summarized the published literature on the subject.
Large-Scale Growth and Shape Evolution of Cu<sub>2</sub>O Cubes (2003)

Uniform crystalline Cu2O cubes were synthesized in high yield by reducing the copper−citrate complex solution with glucose. A series of shape evolutions of Cu2O particles from the transient species such as multi-pod and star-shaped particles to cubic crystals have been arrested based on TEM and SEM observation. The higher growth rate along 〈111〉 induces the shrinking of the eight {111} faces, while six {100} faces remained to form Cu2O cubes because of their lower growth rate. The experimental results suggest that the building blocks with desired architecture can be selectively synthesized by programming the growth parameters in the initial synthetic scheme.
CONVERSION OF STERICALLY HINDERED PHENOLS INTO THE CORRESPONDING N,N-DIMETHYLARENESULFONAMIDES VIA THE NEWMAN KWART REARRANGEMENT (1982)

The 2-alkyl- and 2,6-dialkylbenzenesulfonyl chlorides 5a-f were obtained in high yield by chlorination of the correspondingly substituted S-aryl N,N-dialkylthiocarbamates 4a-g. These precursors have been synthesized via the Newman-Kwart rearrangement of the corresponding O-aryl N,N-dialkylthiocarbamates 3a-g, which are easily prepared from the sterically hindered phenols 1a-g. The sulfonyl chlorides 5a-f are readily transformed into the desired 2-alkyl- and 2,6-dialkyl-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamides 6a-f.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding and Double H-Atom Transfer in Peroxy and Alkoxy Radicals from Isoprene (2004)

Quantum mechanical calculations were used to determine the structure and stability of second-generation peroxy and alkoxy radicals formed in the atmospheric degradation of isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene). Certain of these radicals exhibit a novel hydrogen bonding motif, consisting of two intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds are donated in series, with an enol group donating a hydrogen bond to a −CH2OH group, which donates in turn to the oxygen radical center. This hydrogen bonding motif opens a new reaction pathway: the simultaneous transfer of two H-atoms across the hydrogen bonds with a barrier of only ∼5 kcal/mol in the alkoxy radicals, but ∼20 kcal/mol in the peroxy radicals. Rate constants for these reactions were calculated, and the effects of tunneling on the rate constant were examined. All species and reactions were analyzed at the B3LYP/6-311G(2df,2p) level of theory; the transition states for the double H-atom transfer reactions were also studied using the MPW1K functional and the CBS-QB3 method. Similar chemistry is possible for alkoxy and peroxy radicals derived from other volatile organic compounds of atmospheric interest.
An algorithm for DNA sequence hiding in H.264/AVC video (2016)

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for hiding (DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid) sequence in H.264/AVC video. The DNA sequence is first encrypted by a rule before hiding, and then we embed encrypted DNA sequence into the quantized discrete cosine transform (QDCT) coefficients of the 4x4 macroblocks (MBs) of Intra-frames (I-frames). To avert the distortion drift, we use the directions of I-frame prediction. By using all paired-coefficients that meet -1, 0 and 1, we do not need use any threshold for limiting the capacity of embedded data. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has improved with other existing algorithms in term embedding capacity.
Morphological Bilateral Filtering (2013)

A current challenging topic in mathematical morphology is the construction of locally adaptive operators, i.e., structuring functions that are dependent on the input image itself at each position. Development of spatially variant filtering is well established in the theory and practice of Gaussian filtering. The aim of the first part (second and third sections) of the paper is to study how to generalize these convolution-based approaches in order to introduce adaptive nonlinear filters that asymptotically correspond to spatially variant morphological dilation and erosion. In particular, starting from the bilateral filtering framework and using the notion of counter-harmonic mean, our goal is to propose a new low complexity approach to defining spatially variant bilateral structuring functions. Then, in the second part (fourth section) of the paper, an original formulation of spatially variant flat morphological filters is proposed, where the adaptive structuring elements are obtained by thresholding the bilateral structuring functions. The methodological results of the paper are illustrated with various comparative examples.
A readily available background material for use in microsurgery (1980)

The use of sterile Xeroform packaging is suggested as a background material for microsurgical procedures.
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from acetone (2013)

The process of synthesizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using the method of catalytic gas-phase pyrolysis has been studied using acetone as a source of carbon. CNTs with outer diameters of 8–10 nm were prepared. The highest yield of the CNTs with the best quality is achieved when (Co, Mo)/MgO-Al2O3 catalyst is used. When (Fe, Co, Mo)/Al2O3 is used, the yield and quality of CNTs are lower. For comparison, CNTs obtained on the same catalysts but with propylene as the source of carbon have been investigated. It has been shown that, in this case, the best yield is achieved if (Fe, Co, Mo)/Al2O3 catalyst is used. According to the thermogravimetric data, CNT prepared at optimal conditions from acetone have fewer structural defects than those prepared from polypropylene. The optimal temperature and concentration conditions of the CNT synthesis from acetone have been determined. Based on the kinetic data, it has been assumed that the growth of CNTs takes place due to the ketene formed under the thermal decomposition of acetone. The ecological aspects of the CNT preparation from hydrocarbons and acetone are considered.
Genetic and Pharmacological Identification of Ion Channels Central to the<i>Drosophila</i>Cardiac Pacemaker (1998)

Drosophila provides an excellent model for delineating the role of ion channels in the origin and transmission of heartbeat. We report here tests in Drosophila on a wide range of mutations and pharmacological agents known to interfere with K+, Ca2+, Na+, and Cl- ion channels in well-characterized ways. We find K+ channels are central to heart function. Tetraethylammonium, which blocks all four K+ currents, slowed the heart. We were able to distinguish among these currents. The mutation slowpoke and the agent charybdotoxin, both of which affect a fast Ca(2+)-gated K+ channel, virtually eliminate heartbeat. Shaker and ether-a-go-go, which encode subunits of K+ channels, have moderate, possibly regulatory effects. "OPQ-type" Ca2+ channels are critical. omega-Conotoxin MVIIC, which blocks these channels, virtually stops the heart. Amiloride, which may affect T-type Ca2+ channels, has no effect, nor do the L-type Ca2+ blockers verapamil and diltiazem. temperature induced paralysis E, involved in the function of Na+ channels, the Na+ channel blockers tetrodotoxin and amiloride, and the Cl- blockers mefanamic and niflumic acids have no effect. Na+ and Cl- channels thus appear unnecessary for cardiac function.
The microbiome–systemic diseases connection (2016)

The human microbiome consists of all microorganisms occupying the skin, mucous membranes and intestinal tract of the human body. The contact of the mucosal immune system with the human microbiome is a balanced interplay between defence mechanisms of the immune system and symbiotic or pathogenic microbial factors, such as microbial antigens and metabolites. In systemic autoimmune diseases (SADs) such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome, the immune system is deranged to a chronic inflammatory state and autoantibodies are an important hallmark. Specific bacteria and/or a dysbiosis in the human microbiome can lead to local mucosal inflammation and increased intestinal permeability. Proinflammatory lymphocytes and cytokines can spread to the systemic circulation and increase the risk of inflammation at distant anatomical sites, such as the joints or salivary glands. Increased intestinal permeability increases antigen exposure and the risk of autoantibody production. If the human microbiome indeed plays such a critical role in SADs, this finding holds a great promise for new therapeutic strategies, such as diet interventions and probiotics and prebiotics. This review provides a background on the human microbiome and mucosal immunity in the gut and oral cavity and gives a summary of the current knowledge on the microbiome-SADs connection.
miRNA Expression Profiling in Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells Derived from G-CSF Primed Bone Marrows (2014)

Abstract Regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the molecular control of hematopoiesis and diseases that result from aberrations during this process. Bone marrow (BM) transplantation is a commonly used therapy for patients with certain hematopoietic diseases. Prior to BM transplantation, donors are occasionally treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to increase the number of hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells in the collected stem cell product. Here we aimed to assess the effects of G-CSF priming on miRNA expression of BM derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (BM-MSCs) from healthy donors. Previously isolated and characterized BM-MSCs from 3 days G-CSF (10 μg/kg/d) treated (n=5) and untreated (n=8) healthy donors were used for miRNA expression profiling with Affymetrix GeneChip 2.0 Array. Following Robust Multi-array Average (RMA) normalization, data analysis was carried out in Partek Genomics Suite software package (Partek Incorporated). Differentially expressed miRNAs between G-CSF primed and unprimed groups were determined (p<0.05, fold change ±1.5). A total of 2156 miRNAs were upregulated whereas 2436 miRNAs were downregulated after in-vivo G-CSF priming. The expression of hp_hsa-mir-1238 and has-miR-3180-3p non-coding RNAs was significantly increased in G-CSF primed BM-MSCs (p<0.001). Modular enrichment analysis of hsa-miR-3180-3p predicted target genes by GeneCodis 3 software revealed that some may play a role in different types of cancer such as small cell lung cancer (Adjusted p-value: 8.47338e-7, 0.000382029). Our data indicate that G-CSF treatment changes miRNA expression of bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and this change might be important to evaluate for long-term biosafety. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
IO (2011)

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Temporal Transfer of Locomotion Style (2015)

Timing plays a key role in expressing the qualitative aspects of a character's motion; that is, conveying emotional state, personality, and character role, all potentially without changing spatial positions. Temporal editing of locomotion style is particularly difficult for a novice animator since observers are not well attuned to the sense of weight and energy displayed through motion timing; and the interface for adjusting timing is far less intuitive to use than that for adjusting pose. In this paper, we propose an editing system that effectively captures the timing variations in an example locomotion set and utilizes them for style transfer from one motion to another via both global and upper-body timing transfers. The global timing transfer focuses on matching the input motion to the body speed of the selected example motion, while the upper-body timing transfer propagates the sense of movement flow — succession — through the torso and arms. Our transfer process is based on key times detected from the example set and transferring the relative changes of angle rotation in the upper body joints from a timing source to an input target motion. We demonstrate that our approach is practical in an interactive application such that a set of short locomotion cycles can be applied to generate a longer sequence with continuously varied timings.
A New Radical-Based Route to Calothrixin B (2006)

[structure: see text] A high-yielding totally regioselective intramolecular homolytic acylation of a quinoline ring constitutes the key step in a new synthesis of the pentacyclic indolo[3,2-j]phenanthridine alkaloid calothrixin B.
Evolution of the Structure of Ferredoxin Based on Living Relics of Primitive Amino Acid Sequences (1966)

The structure of present-day ferredoxin, with its simple, inorganic active site and its functions basic to photon-energy utilization, suggests the incorporation of its prototype into metabolism very early during biochemical evolution, even before complex proteins and the complete modern genetic code existed. The information in the amino acid sequence of ferredoxin enables us to propose a detailed reconstruction of its evolutionary history. Ferredoxin has evolved by doubling a shorter protein, which may have contained only eight of the simplest amino acids. This shorter ancestor in turn developed from a repeating sequence of the amino acids alanine, aspartic acid or proline, serine, and glycine. We explain the persistence of living relics of this primordial structure by invoking a conservative principle in evolutionary biochemistry: The processes of natural selection severely inhibit any change a well-adapted system on which several other essential components depend.
Surface Oxidation of CaF <sub>2</sub> in Air (1982)

Surface oxidation of fusion‐cast CaF 2 in air was studied at 700°, 800°, and 900°C. Oxidation proceeds by a complex reaction mechanism involving creation of anion vacancies and formation of CaO, Ca(OH) 2 , and CaCO 3 . An equilibrium governed by the temperature and time of oxidation exists between formation and decomposition of CaCO 3 .
STUDIES ON THE MUCOPROTEINS OF HUMAN PLASMA. I. DETERMINATION AND ISOLATION 1 (1948)

The presence in plasma of protein-like materials with properties of polypeptides or proteoses has been demonstrated repeatedly, but little has been done toward the characterization of these materials. The concentration of such materials in plasma rises markedly in patients with cancer or with cer- tain other diseases, but here again little is known of the source or significance of the increased levels. The relation of these protein-like materials to the glycoproteins and mucoproteins of plasma is like- wise in a state of considerable confusion.
CHARACTERISATION OF FAST FARADAY CUPS AT THE ELETTRA (2003)

Since several years, the Diagnostic Group at Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (LNL) has been designing Fast Faraday Cups (FFC) to be used on their Heavy Ion Accelerators. Latest developments in this field include a Stripline FFC, jointly developed with the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS). A collaborative partnership has been set-up between LNL and the ELETTRA Laboratory to fully characterize new FFCs, using the 1GeV electron Linac in operation at the ELETTRA Synchrotron Light Source. Two FFCs, the stripline FFC, built at SNS, and a coaxial FFC, made at LNL, have been installed at ELETTRA who provided the wideband data acquisition and the remote control of the measurement. The first measurements, carried out using a 1GHz oscilloscope, have allowed the proper set-up of the instrument remote control as well as a low jitter triggering system, synchronous with the injected electrons. Wideband measurements were performed using oscilloscopes with bandwidths up to 20GHz, whereas the bandwidth of the Stripline FFC has been estimated to be roughly 20GHz. A complete set of tests was carried out both on the coaxial FFC and on the stripline FFC. Moreover, thanks to the information provided by these wideband measurements, the Linac working point has been further optimized as well as the injection process into the ELETTRA Storage Ring.