促进韩 国特许经营公司 国 防化的 组织 因 素研究 해외진출 국내 프랜차이즈기업의 조직특성 (2009)

摘要 特许经营是ᅳ种快速发展的商业模式o 在美国己经流行并 료广为人知，也在包括韩国在内的许多国家发展0 而且也有许 多 韩国特许经营公司正在叙极开拓海外业务0 据官方的一项统 计，在500家特许经营公司 的调查样本中 已经有82家在外国运 作, 他们中的48%从2006年就己经开始了国外业务0 这료示了 韩国的特许经营公司开拓海外市场的趋势，但是该类型公司国 际化的研究十分缺乏，当前非常需要。 在特许经营国际化的研究中, 大多倾向于研究国际化运作 的公司和仅在本国经营的公司在組织方面的差异。本研究有以 下特点 ： 首先，把资源基혜理论和代理理论作为研究的理论基 石出，其次，用组织因素，如公司规模，历史和增长率来解释国 陆化的差弄，第드，本研究基于组织因素差弃性提出五个假设 并进行实证检骚。 资源基폐理论和代理理论作为理论背景，根据资源理论， 公司要依靠它的竟争优势和资源持续增长，这些优势和资源包 括资本、人力资源、管理技能、市场信息和风隆管理能力等。 而代理理论将特许者和特许经营者的关系看作代理关系，代理 理论将结合能力和监督能力作为特许经营公司提高国际化的两 个关键因素。 基于这两个理论，提出概念模型, 模型包括两类变量，ᅳ 类是组织因素，如规模、增长速度、加盟价格和地理分布，另 外一个是特许经营企业是否进行海外运作。我们提出以下假设 来描述组织 因 素和特许经营公司 国 际化的关系。 H1. 在国外运作的特许经营公司规模大于仗在国内运作的特 许经营公司0 H2. 在国外运作的特许经营公司历史长于仗在国内运作的特 许经营公司0 H3. 在国外运作的特许经营公司增长速度高于仅在国内运作 的特许经营公司0 H4. 在国外运作的特许经营公司加盟价格高于仗在国内运作 的特许经营公司0 H5. 在 国外运作的特许经营公司地理分布广于仅在国 内运作 的特许经营公司0 分析所用的数据来自2005年官方和社会的«金。在共2804 个公司的总体中选取了315个样本。在检骚假设之前，对规模， 历史，增长和加盟价格的測量进行了信度和毁度的检验，地理 分布 因为是名 义变量没有进行致度检验。 分析结果显示，资源基石出理论中的关键因素，规模和历史与 国际化有显著关系，代理理论中 的地理分布于国际化有很强的关 系。而增长速度和加盟价格没有显著影响。本研究的局限在于， 仅考虑了组织因素，没有考虑环境因素, 其次没有考虑正在进行 国陆化的公司，第드，国际化战略往往取决于业务扩张的预期和 CEO个AJ?、因，最后，组织生态观点也经常用于解释国陆化运作 的公司的生存和业绩。基于这一观点的假说需要完善和验任0 Abstract Franchising is one of the fastest growing types of business. It is already popular and well-known in the U.S., and has been growing in many other countries including Korea. Furthermore, many Korean franchising companies have expanded their business overseas actively. According to the data by the Ministry of Industry and Resource, 82 companies out of a sample of 500 franchising companies are already operating in many foreign countries and 48% of them have started their foreign business since 2006. This clearly indicates the fast growing current trend of foreign operation by Korean franchising companies. In spite of the fast growing trend of foreign expansion in the industry, academic research on internationalization of franchising companies is extremely difficult to find. Accordingly, academic research on the issue is necessary and urgent in Korea. Among the various research questions on internationalization of franchising business, this study intends to investigate the difference in organizational factors between the franchising companies doing foreign operation and those doing business only domestically. More specifically, this research has the following purposes. First, considering the lack of theoretical basis of previous studies, resource-based theory and agency theory are employed as the theoretical bases. Second, this study explains the difference in internationalization based on organizational factors such as company size, history and growth rate. Third, the five hypotheses regarding the difference in organizational factors are presented and tested empirically, which is the first attempt in the area of this topic. Finally, the study attempts to clarify the conflicting implications among theories regarding some organizational factos such as growth rate. As the theoretical background, resource-based theory and agency theory are discussed. According to resource-based theory, a firm can grow continuously when it has competence and resource, and also the ability to develop them. The competence and resource can include capital, human resource, management skill, market information, ability to manage risk, etc. Meanwhile, agency theory views the relationship between franchisor and franchisee as an agency relationship. In agency theory, bonding capability and monitoring capability are the two key factors which promote internationalization of franchising companies. Based on the two theories, a conceptual model is designed. The model consists of two groups of variables. One is organizational factors including size, history, growth rate, price bonding and geographic dispersion. The other is whether a franchising company is operating overseas or not. We developed the following five research hypotheses basically describing the relationship between organizational factors and internationalization of franchising companies. H1: The size of franchising companies operating overseas is larger than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H2: The history of franchising companies operating overseas is longer than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H3: The growth rate of franchising companies operating overseas is higher than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H4: The price bonding of franchising companies operating overseas is higher than that of franchising companies operating domestically. H5: The geographic dispersion of franchising companies operating overseas is wider than that of franchising companies operating domestically. Data for the analyses are obtained from 2005 Korea Franchise Survey data co-generated by Ministry of Industry and Resource, GS1 Korea, and Korea Franchise Association. Out of 2,804 population companies, 2,489 companies are excluded for various reasons and 315 companies are selected as the final sample. Prior to hypotheses tests, validity and reliability of the measures of size, history, growth rate and price bonding are examined for further analyses. Geographic dispersion is not validated since it is measured using nominal data. A series of independent sample T-tests is used to find out whether there exists any significant difference between the companies internationalized and those operating only domestically for each organizational factor. Among the five factors, size and geographic dispersion show significant difference, growth rate and price bonding do not reveal any difference and, finally, history factor shows conflicting results in the difference depending on how to measure it. <Table 1> shows the summary statistics for hypotheses testing. 关键词: ： 国际化特许经营組织因素资源基础理论代 理理论结盟能力监督能力Keywords: International franchisingOrganizational factorsResource-based theoryAgency theoryBonding capabilityMonitoring capability