gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis: a case where too much or too little can lead to autoimmunity. (2002)

Apoptosis is a physiological process of cell death that normally occurs when cells are damaged or no longer needed. One of its major roles is the maintenance of peripheral immune tolerance, by eliminating activated T and B cells beyond the course of an infection, and thus terminating immune responses. When apoptosis becomes dysfunctional, either being "too much" or "too little," a variety of different disease states may be triggered. For example, insufficient apoptosis of activated immune cells is the basis of the Canale Smith Syndrome /ALPS, whereas excessive apoptosis of ~ islet cells of the pancreas is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diabetes mellitus. In this review, we explain the fundamental aspects and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis and their relevance to several important human autoimmune diseases.
The alteration of serum potassium level during sample transit. (1989)

A delay of only three hours between venepuncture and processing the blood can increase the level of potassium unpredictably and may be clinically significant.
Total Synthesis and Structural Revision of Chaetoviridins A (2017)

The first synthesis of the proposed structures of chaetoviridins A 1-4 has been achieved in 10 steps by controlling the syn- or anti-aldol side chain. The angular lactone has been regioselectively introduced by condensation of a chiral dioxin-4-one to cazisochromene. Comparison of the NMR and circular dichroism data of the synthesized and reported natural products led to the complete reassignment and renaming of the chaetoviridins.
Lithium oxide in Li(Si)/FeS/sub 2/ thermal batteries (1981)

The formation of Li/sub 2/O in Li(Si)/FeS/sub 2/ thermal batteries has been considered deleterious to performance. The results of a study designed to determine performance degradation caused by Li/sub 2/O and to determine an acceptable level of Li/sub 2/O to use in defining dryness of battery parts and allowable leak rates are presented. The significant results are: (1) excessive Li/sub 2/O causes an abrupt end of life on that part of the discharge corresponding to Li/sub 7/Si/sub 3/ discharging to Li/sub 12/Si/sub 7/. This effect always occurs if the Li/sub 2/O wt % in the anode is as high as 30, and was observed at 15 wt %; (2) a layer of Li/sub 2/O on anode pellet surfaces adjacent to the current collectors causes the same abrupt end of life if that layer represents 6 to 8 wt % Li/sub 2/O in the anode pellet; and (3) Li/sub 2/O increases the wetness of separator pellets. This effect reaches a plateau at approx. 2.5 wt % Li/sub 2/O in a separator pellet which is 65 wt % LiCl.KCl eutectic blended with 35 wt % MgO.
INTERMEDIATES IN THE METABOLISM OF STEROIDS BY <i>PENICILLIUM LILACINUM</i> (1962)

Sebek, Oldrich K. (The Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, Mich.), Lester M. Reineke, and Durey H. Peterson. Intermediates in the metabolism of steroids by Penicillium lilacinum. J. Bacteriol. 83:1327-1331. 1962-Nonproliferating cells of Penicillium lilacinum (Thom) metabolized progesterone successively to 20-beta-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, testosterone, androstenedione, and testololactone. Testosterone and androstenedione were readily interconvertible. 11-alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone was transformed in an analogous way and its intermediate, 11-alpha, 20-beta-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, was isolated and identified by a combination of microbiological and chemical methods.
Total Synthesis of N‐Malayamycin A (I) and Related Bicyclic Purine and Pyrimidine Nucleosides. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Recovery of Costal and Crural Diaphragmatic Contractility from Partial Paralysis (1991)

Since the two muscles (costal and crural) that constitute the diaphragm are separate and histologically different, their individual recovery pattern from neuromuscular blockade also may be different. Therefore, we studied the recovery of force and shortening in the in vivo diaphragm from atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade in seven pentobarbital anesthetized dogs to assess segmental differences. Transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), shortening of costal and crural segments, integrated electromyogram (EMG), and tidal volume (VT) were measured during spontaneous breathing. After atracurium had reduced VT to 30% of control, breathing parameters were followed until recovered to 90% of control values. In addition, force-frequency curves generated by supramaximal tetanic stimuli of the phrenic nerve were measured. Recovery times for tidal Pdi, tidal EMG, tidal shortening, low-frequency shortening, and twitch Pdi were twice as fast as for VT (40 +/- 4 min), reflecting a slower rate of recovery of accessory inspiratory muscles. High-frequency recovery was typically slower than that of VT. During tidal breathing and tetanic stimulation, costal and crural shortening recovered simultaneously. On the other hand, comparison between costal and crural by analysis of pressure-shortening relationships showed a segmental difference (crural shortened 30% more than costal at the same Pdi), which implied reduced afterload on the crural segment. However, since shortening and pressure were linearly related during paralysis and recovery, measurements of Pdi alone can accurately reflect changes in contractile mass when heterogeneity and afterload are controlled.
Pilomatrixom der okulären Adnexe: Klinische und histologische Aufarbeitung von 13 Fällen (2009)

Hintergrund: Das Pilomatrixom (Epithelioma calcificans Malherbe) ist im Augenbereich ein sehr seltener gutartiger Tumor, der von Haarmatrixzellen ausgeht. Wir untersuchten in dieser Studie die klinischen und histologischen Merkmale aller seit 1997 in unserem ophthalmopathologischen Labor eingegangenen Pilomatrixome. Patienten/Material und Methoden: Untersucht wurden 13 Pilomatrixome im Bereich der okulären Adnexe. Von den Paraffinschnitten wurden HE- und PAS-Färbungen sowie immunhistochemische Färbungen zur Darstellung von Makrophagen (CD68), der proliferativen Aktivitität (Ki67) und des Proliferations- und Apoptose-Markers CAS/CSE1L angefertigt. Ergebnisse: Der meist rötlich-livide Tumor trat ohne Geschlechtspräferenz im Alter von 4 – 84 Jahren im Bereich des Oberlids und der Augenbraue auf. In 3 Fällen konnte die Diagnose intraoperativ gestellt werden, wohingegen keines der Pilomatrixome präoperativ als solches erkannt wurde. Die häufigsten Differenzialdiagnosen waren Retentionszyste (n = 2), Atherom (n = 2) und Abszess (n = 2). In keinem der 13 Fälle wurde ein Tumorrezidiv beobachtet. Histologisch zeigten sich die charakteristischen Kennzeichen, wie basophile Inseln, Schattenzellen, Verkalkungen und eine chronisch-granulomatöse Entzündungsreaktion mit Riesenzellen, in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung. Die immunhistochemische Untersuchung mit anti-Ki67 und anti-CAS/CSE1L zeigte eine regelrechte Zellreifung im Bereich der basophilen Zellinseln. Bezüglich Alter und Geschlecht der Patienten sowie Größe und Bestehensdauer des Tumors zeigten sich keine Zusammenhänge zwischen den klinischen Parametern und den histologischen/immunhistochemischen Befunden. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese Fallserie unterstreicht als eine der größten bislang publizierten, dass Pilomatrixome in jedem Alter auftreten können und in die Differenzialdiagnose von Tumoren, insbesondere im Bereich des Oberlids, miteinbezogen werden müssen. Gerade weil dieser Tumor nur selten klinisch diagnostiziert wird und ein unvollständig exzidiertes Pilomatrixom zu einer chronischen Entzündungsreaktion führen kann, ist die histopathologische Aufarbeitung exzidierter Tumoren relevant. Unsere immunhistochemischen Untersuchungen unterstreichen zudem die benigne Natur dieses Tumors.
Mesogenic Behaviour of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-Octadodecyloxycarbonyl- phthalocyaninatogermanium-dihydroxide (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octadodecyloxycarbonylphthalocyaninatogermaniumdihydroxide is described. The mesomorphic properties of this new material were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), optical microscopy and X-ray investigations. The described compound shows a discotic mesophase in an extremely large temperature interval including room temperature. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the mesophase of 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octadodecyloxycarbonylphthalocyaninato- germaniumdihydroxide proves that it forms a hexagonal columnar mesophase of the type D hd . Key Words: discotic liquid crystalphthalocyaninegermanium complex
Models for object detection, recognition, and shape alignment (2009)

The grand goal of computer vision is to provide a complete semantic interpretation of an input image by reasoning about the 3d scene that generated it. Object detection, recognition, and alignment are three fundamental vision tasks towards this goal. In this thesis, we develop a series of efficient algorithms to address these problems. The contributions are summarized as follows. (1) We present a two-step algorithm for specific object detection in cluttered background with a few example images and unknown camera poses. Instead of enforcing metric constraints on the local features, we utilize a set of ordering constraints which are powerful enough for the detection task. At the core of this algorithm is a qualitative feature matching scheme which includes an angular ordering constraint in local scale and a graph planarity constraint in global scale. (2) We present a part-based model for object categorization and part localization. The spatial interactions among parts are modeled by Factor Analysis which can be learned from the data. Constrained by the shape prior, part localization proceeds in the image space by using a triangulated Markov random field (TMRF) model. We propose an iterative shape estimation and regularization approach for efficient computation. (3) We propose a boosting procedure for simultaneous multi-view car detection . By combining the multi-class LogitBoost and AdaBoost detectors, we decompose the original problem to view classification and view-specific detection, which can be solved independently. We study various feature representations and weak learners for the boosting algorithms. Extensive experiments demonstrate improved accuracy and detection rate over the traditional algorithms. (4) We propose a Bayesian framework for robust shape alignment. Prior models assume Gaussian observation noise and attempt to fit a regularized shape using all the observed data, such an assumption is vulnerable to outrageous local features and occlusions. We address this problem by using a hypothesis-and-test approach. A Bayesian inference algorithm is developed to generate a large number of shape hypotheses from randomly sampled partial shapes. The hypotheses are then evaluated in the robust estimation framework to find the optimal one. Our model can effectively handle outliers and recover the underlying object shape. The proposed approach is evaluated on a very challenging dataset which spans a wide variety of car types, viewpoints, background scenes, and occlusion patterns.
Modified double-averaged Hamiltonian in hierarchical triple systems (2018)

In this work, we introduce a modified double-averaging approach by considering the short-term effects and formulate a more accurate double-averaged Hamiltonian (in comparison to the classical octupole-level Hamiltonian) for hierarchial triple systems. The Hamiltonian is expressed as a power series in the ratio of the semi-major axes of the inner and outer binaries. Both the Delaunay’s elements and the classical orbit elements are adopted to describe the motion. To derive the secular Hamiltonian, the short-term oscillations in the Hamiltonian are averaged out by means of a double-averaging approach. In particular, during the average over the orbital period of the outer binary, the periodic corrections to the secular motion are taken into account. Based on the double-averaged Hamiltonian, we provide two versions of equations of secular motion, given in the form of canonic relations and Lagrange planetary equations. The resulting secular evolution equations can be utilized to reproduce the long-term behaviours for those physical systems where the perturbations coming from the disturbing bodies are relatively strong. To test the approach, we use the averaged Hamiltonian to predict the long-term motions of a planet in a stellar binary system and natural satellites in Sun–planet systems. Simulation results show that the modified Hamiltonian can reproduce secular behaviours with high accuracy. Additionally, the comparison of dynamical models truncated at different orders indicates that the secular Hamiltonian with inclusion of higher order terms has better accuracy in predicting long-term evolution.
Adaptive blind equalization and tracking of fading channels using antenna arrays (2002)

An adaptive blind equalisation and tracking technique is developed in this paper that provides robustness against frequency offset and the time-varying Doppler spread. Without requiring training signals, the proposed approach combines the blind sequence estimation method and an estimate-maximization (EM) approach for the adaptive joint estimation of information sequence and frequency offset. Using antenna arrays, the proposed scheme exploits important spatial diversity. It also has a structure that is attractive for adaptive implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noncanonical Translation Initiation of the<i>Arabidopsis</i>Flowering Time and Alternative Polyadenylation Regulator FCA   (2010)

The RNA binding protein FCA regulates the floral transition and is required for silencing RNAs corresponding to specific noncoding sequences in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Through interaction with the canonical RNA 3' processing machinery, FCA affects alternative polyadenylation of many transcripts, including antisense RNAs at the locus encoding the floral repressor FLC. This potential for widespread alteration of gene regulation clearly needs to be tightly regulated, and we have previously shown that FCA expression is autoregulated through poly(A) site choice. Here, we show distinct layers of FCA regulation that involve sequences within the 5' region that regulate noncanonical translation initiation and alter the expression profile. FCA translation in vivo occurs exclusively at a noncanonical CUG codon upstream of the first in-frame AUG. We fully define the upstream flanking sequences essential for its selection, revealing features that distinguish this from other non-AUG start site mechanisms. Bioinformatic analysis identified 10 additional Arabidopsis genes that likely initiate translation at a CUG codon. Our findings reveal further unexpected complexity in the regulation of FCA expression with implications for its roles in regulating flowering time and gene expression and more generally show plant mRNA exceptions to AUG translation initiation.
MED1, a novel human methyl-CpG-binding endonuclease, interacts with DNA mismatch repair protein MLH1 (1999)

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a specialized system, highly conserved throughout evolution, involved in the maintenance of genomic integrity. To identify novel human genes that may function in MMR, we employed the yeast interaction trap. Using the MMR protein MLH1 as bait, we cloned MED1. The MED1 protein forms a complex with MLH1, binds to methyl-CpG-containing DNA, has homology to bacterial DNA repair glycosylases/lyases, and displays endonuclease activity. Transfection of a MED1 mutant lacking the methyl-CpG-binding domain (MBD) is associated with microsatellite instability (MSI). These findings suggest that MED1 is a novel human DNA repair protein that may be involved in MMR and, as such, may be a candidate eukaryotic homologue of the bacterial MMR endonuclease, MutH. In addition, these results suggest that cytosine methylation may play a role in human DNA repair.
Abstract 11338: The WISE Score: A New Index for Predicting Outcome after Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Using Simple Clinical Data (2011)

Background: Response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is variable and factors associated with response complex. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a new scoring system using simple clinical, ECG, and routine echocardiographic data may predict outcome after CRT. Methods: We prospectively studied 209 consecutive CRT patients; NYHA class III/IV, QRS width ≥ 120ms, and ejection fraction ≤ 35%. Quantitative echocardiography was performed before CRT. Outcome events were pre-specified as death, transplant or left ventricular assist device. Risk factors were determined using a Cox regression model using these 4 simple clinical ECG and echo variables: disease etiology, QRS width, end-systolic dimension (indexed for body surface area) and pulsed Doppler interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD). Optimal cut-off values in continuous variables were decided by ROC curve analysis. A prognostic score was created by assigning 1 point for each: QRS Width (≤140ms), IVMD (<40 ms), Systolic dimens...
Assessment of finger motor skills in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer's disease: Relationship between finger-to-thumb tapping and cognitive function (2016)

Suzumura S, Osawa A, Nagahama T, Kondo I, Sano Y, Kandori A. Assessment of finger motor skills in individuals with mild cognitive impairment and patients with Alzheimer's disease: Relationship between finger-to-thumb tapping and cognitive function. Jpn J Compr Rehabil Sci 2016; 7: 19-28.Objective: Decreased finger dexterity can impede a person's daily activities. The present study examined finger dexterity in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with healthy older adults using a magnetic sensing finger tapping device (UB-1).Methods: Finger-to-thumb tapping tasks were carried out by 23 patients who were diagnosed with AD or MCI at the authors' hospital (AD/MCI group) and 22 members of their families (healthy control group), and measurement parameters were calculated. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was carried out to assess cognitive function and the association between finger function and the results of MMSE was evaluated. Additionally, the measurement parameters were compared between the AD/MCI group (n = 14) and the healthy control group (n = 13) after adjusting for age.Results: A correlation between finger function and MMSE results was observed in five measurement parameters (r ≥ 0.6). Additionally, in the AD/MCI group, the total traveling distance was shorter compared to that in the healthy control group and rhythm perturbations were observed (p < 0.05).Discussion: In the present study, the AD/MCI group showed decreased finger dexterity, which was also found to be associated with decline in cognitive function. It is suggested that assessment of finger dexterity can be used as an indicator of cognitive function.
Three-dimensional P and S Wave Velocity Structure beneath Central Japan. (2002)

中部日本におけるP波およびS波の3次元速度構造を地震波走時トモグラフィーを用いて求めた。その際、定常観測点で得られる自然地震を対象とした観測値だけでなく、人工地震や海域における臨時観測点等を用いた観測値を積極的に利用した。得られた成果は以下の通りである。沈み込むフィリピン海プレートと思われる高速度域が検出された。フィリピン海プレートは、少し高角度で沈み込み始め、その後なだらかになり、最後は高角に沈み込んでいる。35°N、136.5°E付近では、フィリピン海プレートが分かれている。将来発生が懸念されている東海地震の固着域の北西隣は、プレート間カップリングが弱い。35.6°Nから35.8°N、137.5°E、深さ100kmから200km付近で、非地震性のフィリピン海プレートが検出された。
New species of Limipolycystis Schilke, 1970 (Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia: Polycystididae) from the Western Mediterranean (2012)

Artois, Tom, Willems, Wim, Revis, Nathalie, Martens, Paul, Schockaert, Ernest (2012): New species of Limipolycystis Schilke, 1970 (Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia: Polycystididae) from the Western Mediterranean. Zootaxa 3325: 26-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.209538
Structure of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxides:  Implications for Charge Storage (1999)

Hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2·xH2O or RuOxHy) is a mixed electron−proton conductor with a specific capacitance as high as 720 F/g/proton, making it a candidate material for energy storage. The correlation between the structure and properties of RuO2·xH2O materials is not well understood due to their amorphous nature and compositional variability. In this study, ruthenium oxides with the compositions RuO2·2.32H2O, RuO2·0.29H2O, and anhydrous RuO2 are characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray fine structure (EXAFS) analyses. XANES cannot be used to distinguish between Ru(III) and Ru(IV) in the hydrous oxides, but the EXAFS analyses show large differences in the short-range structures of the materials. Whereas anhydrous RuO2 has the rutile structure comprising chains of RuO6 octahedra linked in three dimensions, the structure of RuO2·0.29H2O is rutile-like at the RuO6 core, but less connected and progressively disordered beyond the RuO6 core. The structure of RuO2·2.32H2O is composed of chains of disordered RuO6 octahedra that exhibit no chain-to-chain linking or three-dimensional order. Although the local structures of RuO2·0.29H2O and RuO2·2.32H2O markedly differ, their specific capacitances are large and essentially equivalent, so nonunique local structures can balance effective electron transport (along dioxo bridges) with the effective proton transport (through structural water) necessary for charge storage.
Enhanced-confinement class of stellarators (1981)

A class of stellarators has been found in which the transport is reduced by an order of magnitude from transport in conventional stellarators, by localizing the helical ripple to the inside of the torus. The reduction is observed in numerical experiments and explained theoretically.
Glaucoma medication during pregnancy and nursing. (2010)

Risks that glaucoma medications pose to the fetus and neonate must be balanced against the risk of vision loss in the mother. There is no high level evidence for harmful effects on the fetus and neonate of medications used to treat glaucoma. All topical and systemic glaucoma medication should be avoided during the first trimester of pregnancy. Systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, topical prostaglandin analogues and antimetabolites during surgery should be avoided absolutely. Some topical medications are deemed compatible with lactation by the American Academy of Pediatrics, however, caution should still be practiced.
Mechanism behind the Inhibiting Effect of CO<sub>2</sub> on the Oxidation of Al–Mg Alloys (2018)

Al–Mg alloys are known to suffer from problematic oxidation during melting, refining, and casting. The use of a CO2/air cover gas is known to minimize this oxidation; however, a mechanistic understanding of the beneficial inhibiting effect is lacking. A series of thermogravimetric experiments were conducted under a variety of different CO2-containing atmospheres at 750 °C to elucidate the inhibiting effect. Characterization of the oxide layer was done by surface and cross-sectional analysis in the electron microscope and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) depth profiling. It was found that additions of as little as 5% CO2 to air delayed the onset of breakaway oxidation for at least 7 h and gave a notable reduction in the mass gain compared to that seen upon exposure to air at 750 °C. The XPS depth profile showed a carbon-containing layer due to adsorbed CO2 at the top surface of the oxide layer. It was inferred that this carbon-containing layer slowed the transport of Mg vapor from the metal through the oxide layer, resulting in a reduction in the amount of Mg vapor available for oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Macrocyclization of Some Bis(formyl(aryl or heteroaryl)) silanes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.