gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Effects of Chronic Ethanol Treatment onN-Methyl-d-aspartate R1 Splice Variants in Fetal Cortical Neurons (2001)

Functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors consisting of NR1 and NR2 subunits are an important site of action of ethanol. Chronic ethanol treatment increases the NR1 polypeptide levels in vivo and in vitro. Chronic ethanol treatment in vitro does not significantly alter the NR1 mRNA levels, even though under similar culture conditions ethanol (50 mm, 5 days) enhances the half-life of NR1 mRNA in fetal cortical neurons. To address this phenomenon, we determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting whether ethanol (50 mm, 5 days) has a splice variant-specific effect on the expression of the NR1 subunit in mouse fetal cortical neurons. This report analyzes for the first time the distribution of all NR1 splice variants in these neurons. Our data indicate the presence of NR1-3a,b and NR1-4a,b splice variants in cortical neurons. Chronic ethanol treatment significantly decreased the mRNA levels of exon 5-containing NR1 splice variants (NR1-3b and NR1-4b) (-E5/+E5 = 4.6 in untreated neurons and 6.1 in ethanol-treated neurons) and had no effect on the mRNA levels of NR1-3 (+E21/-E22) and NR1-4 (-E21/-E22) splice variants. At the polypeptide level, chronic ethanol treatment significantly reduced exon 5-containing splice variants (NR1-3b and NR1-4b). However, ethanol (50 mm, 5 days) induced a significant increase in polypeptide levels of NR1-4 (-E21/-E22), without any effect on NR1-3 (+E21/-E22) polypeptide levels. These results demonstrate that chronic ethanol treatment has a selective effect on the expression of NR1 splice variants at both the mRNA and polypeptide levels in mouse fetal cortical neurons.
InQuisiX—an electronic catalog for software reuse (1994)

InQuisiX is an interactive system supporting the development and use of an electronic catalog. Features are provided for organizing the catalog, classifying and describing items, and searching and browsing catalog descriptions. Items described in the catalog are stored elsewhere and are accessed for display or retrieval through end-user tools integrated with InQuisiX. InQuisiX provides public interfaces for loading data, exchanging catalog data with other tools, invoking end-user tools, and making searchable any information stored outside the catalog, such as documents or graphics.Although InQuisiX is being marketed for use in cataloguing reusable software assets, there is nothing inherent in the design or functionality which restricts its use to this domain. Certain features, particularly the ability to invoke and work cooperatively with other automated tools in the development environment, are particularly useful to software developers. Hexible classification and description features are also important for the emerging software reuse market because best practices in classifying and describing software are still a research topic.InQuisiX runs on UNIX/X Window based environments and is currently hosted on both Sun SPARCstations and IBM RISC 6000 workstations. The system has been developed entirely in Classic-Ada, an object-oriented preprocessor for Ada, and uses a custom, automatically generated persistent object base for storing all information, including both the organization and the contents of the catalog, inverted indexes used to support searching, saved queries, and interfaces to end-user tools. The object base is implemented as a single binary file.
Optical Rotation of Peptides. VII. α- and γ- Dipeptides of Glutamic Acid and Alanine<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical Rotation of Peptides. VII. α- and γ- Dipeptides of Glutamic Acid and Alanine1Howard Sachs and Erwin BrandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 18, 4608–4610Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01114a528https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01114a528research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views344Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Indication of circadian oscillations in the rat pancreas (2004)

The central circadian oscillator of the suprachiasmatic nucleus controls diurnal rhythmicity of the body with light as its dominant zeitgeber. Recently, peripheral oscillators have been detected in liver and heart, which follow as yet unidentified cues. In this study real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used in analysis of the expression of the major clock genes Per1, Per2, Bmal1, Cry1, Tim (timeless) and Clock, as well as of the output genes Dbp and Rev-erbalpha in the pancreatic tissue of rats. The results presented here indicate a robust circadian expression of clock genes (e.g. Per1 and Bmal1) and the probable existence of a peripheral oscillator in the pancreas. Whether this oscillator regulates the diverse functions of the islets of Langerhans remains to be elucidated.
GABAC Receptors: A Molecular View (2001)

In the central nervous system inhibitory neurotransmission is primarily achieved through activation of receptors for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Three types of GABA receptors have been identified on the basis of their pharmacological and electrophysiological properties. The predominant type, termed GABA(A), and a recently identified GABA(C) type, form ligand-gated chloride channels, whereas GABA(B) receptors activate separate cation channels via G proteins. Based on their homology to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, GABA(C) receptors are believed to be oligomeric protein complexes composed of five subunits in a pentameric arrangement. To date up to five different GABA(C) receptors subunits have been identified in various species. Recent studies have shed new light on the biological characteristics of GABA(C) receptors, including the chromosomal localization of its subunit genes and resulting links to deseases, the cloning of new splice variants, the identification of GABA(C) receptor-associated proteins, the identification of domains involved in subunit assembly, and finally structure/function studies examining functional consequences of introduced mutations. This review summarizes recent data in view of the molecular structure of GABA(C) receptors and presents new insights into the biological function of this protein in the retina.
Experience in Practical Implementation of Abstraction Interface for Integrated Cloud Resource Management on Multi-Clouds (2016)

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds provide infrastructure as a pool of virtual resources, and the public IaaS clouds, e.g. Amazon Web Service (AWS) and private IaaS cloud toolkits, e.g. OpenStack, CloudStack, etc. provide their own application programming interfaces (APIs) for managing the cloud resources they offer. The heterogeneity of the APIs, however, makes it difficult to access and use the multiple cloud services concurrently and collectively. In this paper, we explore previous efforts to solve this problem and present our own implementation of an integrated cloud API, which can make it possible to access and use multiple clouds collectively in a uniform way. The implemented API provides a RESTful access and hides underlying cloud infrastructures from users or applications. We show the implementation details of the integrated API and performance evaluation of it comparing the proprietary APIs based on our cloud testbed. From the evaluation results, we could conclude that the overhead imposed by our interface is negligibly small and can be successfully used for multi-cloud access.
Identification and nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding 5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide transformylase in Escherichia coli K12. (1987)

5'-Phosphoribosylglycinamide transformylase (EC 2.1.2.2), encoded by the purN gene of Escherichia coli, catalyzes the synthesis of 5'-phosphoribosylformylglycinamide from 5'-phosphoribosylglycinamide (GAR). The mature protein, as deduced from the purN structural gene sequence, contains 212 amino acid residues and has a calculated Mr of 23,241. The purN gene is located adjacent to and immediately downstream from the purM gene encoding 5'-phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole (AIR) synthetase where the initiation codon for GAR transformylase overlaps the termination codon of AIR synthetase. Based on polarity studies, the expression of the purN gene originates from the purM control region and thus forms a purMN operon. The E. coli GAR transformylase shows greater homology to the GAR transformylase domain of the trifunctional Gart polypeptide of Drosophila than to the single GAR transformylase of Saccharomyces. Immediately downstream from the purN gene of the purMN operon is a region of dyad symmetry capable of forming a hairpin stem and loop structure characteristic of a rho-independent terminator.
The European cancer informatics landscape: Challenges for the biomedical informatics community (2008)

This paper critically examines European and global efforts towards developing publicly-accessible interoperable and distributed production systems in the health and life sciences (with a focus on cancer), via ontologies, formal metadata, service oriented architectures, and grid computing models. Significant engineering challenges need to be successfully addressed if we are going to realize our vision of therapies specifically designed to treat each individual’s cancer in highly targeted ways. This paper identifies and discusses a range of such engineering, technological and policy related challenges.
Aging In Rural America (2015)

For older Americans, accessing high-quality care can be a challenge. For those in rural communities, it's even harder.
The synthesis and some reactions of 2,3‐substituted 1‐phenylbenzo[<i>f</i>]quinoline (1968)

Abstract A series of 2,3‐substituted 1‐phenylbenzo[ f ]quinolines was synthesized by the Friedlander condensation of 1‐benzoyl‐2‐naphthylamine with β‐keto esters. Some chemical transformations of these compounds and the preparation of 13 H ‐benzo[ f ]indeno[2,1‐c]quinoline‐13‐one and its 9‐methyl derivative are described.
RFID in the Retail Supply Chain (2006)

The use of RFID (radio-frequency identification) in the retail supply chain and at the point of sale (POS) holds much promise to revolutionize the process by which products pass from manufacturer to retailer to consumer. The basic idea of RFID is a tiny computer chip placed on pallets, cases, or items. The data on the chip can be read using a radio beam. RFID is a newer technology than bar codes, which are read using a laser beam. RFID is also more effective than bar codes at tracking moving objects in environments where bar code labels would be suboptimal or could not be used as no direct line of sight is available, or where information needs to be automatically updated. RFID is based on wireless (radio) systems, which allows for noncontact reading of data about products, places, times, or transactions, thereby giving retailers and manufacturers alike timely and accurate data about the flow of products through their factories, warehouses, and stores.
Computer-Assisted Categorization of Patent Documents in the International Patent Classification (2003)

The World Intellectual Property Organization is currently developing a system for assisting users in categorizing patent documents in the International Patent Classification (IPC). The system should support the classification of documents in several languages and aims to assist users in locating relevant IPC symbols by providing them with a convenient web-based service. The approach taken for developing such a system relies on powerful machine learning algorithms that are trained on manually classified documents to recognize IPC topics. We detail in-house results of applying a custom-built state-of-the-art computer-assisted categorizer to English, French, Russian, and Germanlanguage patent documents. We find that reliable computer-assisted categorization at IPC subclass level is an achievable goal for the statistical methods employed here. A categorization system suggesting three IPC symbols for each document can predict the main IPC class correctly for around 90% of documents, and the main IPC subclass for about 85% of documents. The accuracy of the system at main group level is enhanced if the user first validates the correct IPC class.
The challenges of wireless and mobile technologies (2004)

The progress of ICT has brought us numerous benefits, and the concept of ICT has continuously been extended from "network" to "global network," then to "ubiquitous network." The infrastructure of broadband environment such as ADSL or FTTH in Japan has been effectively developed. Likewise, mobile phones have become extremely popular and widely used. Ninety percent of all the mobile phones in Japan are browser phones, and they are contributing to forming a high-mobility society. In this paper, we would like to present possibilities of mobile terminals, especially mobile phones utilizing the RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology. The RFID technology has increased the capacities in memory, widened reading ranges, and accelerated processing speeds. Based on the premise of the RFID technology, we would like to discuss the challenges in operating wireless devices from the customers' perspectives.
Deep Learning Applied to Image and Text Matching (2015)

The ability to describe images with natural language sentences is the hallmark for image and language understanding. Such a system has wide ranging applications such as annotating images and using natural sentences to search for images.In this project we focus on the task of bidirectional image retrieval: such asystem is capable of retrieving an image based on a sentence (image search) andretrieve sentence based on an image query (image annotation). We present asystem based on a global ranking objective function which uses a combinationof convolutional neural networks (CNN) and multi layer perceptrons (MLP).It takes a pair of image and sentence and processes them in different channels,finally embedding it into a common multimodal vector space. These embeddingsencode abstract semantic information about the two inputs and can be comparedusing traditional information retrieval approaches. For each such pair, the modelreturns a score which is interpretted as a similarity metric. If this score is high,the image and sentence are likely to convey similar meaning, and if the score is low then they are likely not to. The visual input is modeled via deep convolutional neural network. On theother hand we explore three models for the textual module. The first one isbag of words with an MLP. The second one uses n-grams (bigram, trigrams,and a combination of trigram & skip-grams) with an MLP. The third is morespecialized deep network specific for modeling variable length sequences (SSE).We report comparable performance to recent work in the field, even though ouroverall model is simpler. We also show that the training time choice of how wecan generate our negative samples has a significant impact on performance, and can be used to specialize the bi-directional system in one particular task.
Error diffusion using linear pixel shuffling (2000)

Linear pixel shuffling error diffusion is a digital halftoning algorithm that combines the linear pixel shuffling (LPS) order of visiting pixels in an image with diffusion of quantization errors in all directions. LPS uses a simple linear rule to produce a pixel ordering giving a smooth, uniform probing of the image. This paper elucidates that algorithm. Like the Floyd-Steinberg algorithm, LPS error diffusion enhances edges and retains high-frequency image information. LPS error diffusion avoids some of the artifacts (&quot;worms, &quot; &quot;tears,&quot; and &quot;checkerboarding&quot;) often associated with the Floyd-Steinberg algorithm. LPS error diffusion requires the entire image be available in memory; the Floyd-Steinberg algorithm requires storage proportional only to a single scan line. 1. Error Diffusion Halftone Production The error diffusion algorithm transforms a gray scale image, I, with pixel values in the interval [0:0; 1:0], to a black-andwhite image, B, with values in f0; 1g. The following pse...
Creatine: Endogenous Metabolite, Dietary, and Therapeutic Supplement (2007)

Creatine and phosphocreatine serve not only as an intracellular buffer for adenosine triphosphate, but also as an energy shuttle for the movement of high-energy phosphates from mitochondrial sites of production to cytoplasmic sites of utilization. The spontaneous loss of creatine and of phosphocreatine to creatinine requires that creatine be continuously replaced; this occurs by a combination of diet and endogenous synthesis. Vegetarians obtain almost no dietary creatine. Creatine synthesis makes major demands on the metabolism of glycine, arginine, and methionine. Large doses of creatine monohydrate are widely taken, particularly by athletes, as an ergogenic supplement; creatine supplements are also taken by patients suffering from gyrate atrophy, muscular dystrophy, and neurodegenerative diseases. Children with inborn errors of creatine synthesis or transport present with severe neurological symptoms and a profound depletion of brain creatine. It is evident that creatine plays a critical, though underappreciated, role in brain function.
A correctness proof of a topology information maintenance protocol for a distributed computer network (1977)

In order for the nodes of a distributed computer network to communicate, each node must have information about the network's topology. Since nodes and links sometimes crash, a scheme is needed to update this information. One of the major constraints on such a topology information scheme is that it may not involve a central controller. The Topology Information Protocol that was implemented on the MERIT Computer Network is presented and explained; this protocol is quite general and could be implemented on any computer network. It is based on Baran's “Hot Potato Heuristic Routing Doctrine.” A correctness proof of this Topology Information Protocol is also presented.
Bandwidth enhanced tri-band monopole slot antenna on ultra-thin metal housed devices (2014)

We present an bandwidth enhanced tri-band monopole slot antenna on metal housed devices which operates on GSM 850, 900, 1800, 1900 and UMTS band. The slots were place at the corner and the edge of the metal housed device in order to avoid the antenna performance degradation caused by ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) coated on display glass. Due to the location of the slot design and inherency of slot antennas, the bandwidth becomes extremely narrow, but this matter can be resolved by using extra parasitic monopole slots which are designed adjacent to the main slot. The measured results of the proposed antenna with the display module attached shows -6-dB bandwidth of 813 MHz to 993 MHz (19.6%) at the lower-band, 1.63 GHz to 1.99 GHz (19.89%) at the first-higher-band and 2.00 GHz to 2.24 GHz (11.32%) at the second-higher-band respectively and the lower band's antenna gain varies from -2.29 dB to 0.11 dB whereas the first-higher-band's gain and the second-higher-band's gain varies from 1.90 dB to 3.80 dB and 0.16 dB to 3.02 dB respectively.
Performance of a MIMO receiver using joint channel-symbol estimation in the presence of channel errors (2010)

In this paper, the performance of a MIMO receiver which uses joint channel-symbol estimation is analyzed. The analysis accounts for situations where no channel information is available at the receiver, as well as for situations where an imperfect channel estimate is available. The former case corresponds to blind MIMO. For the latter case, channel estimation errors due to noise and due to time variations induced by Doppler are considered. A closed form solution is derived for the block pairwise error probability at high SNR. The result involves taking the expectation of the Q-function which is evaluated using Guass-Chebychev quadrature numerical integration rule. Based on the obtained pairwise error probability, the total bit error rate of the system is tightly upper bounded at high SNR. The accuracy of the analysis is verified by Monte Carlo simulations.
Experiments on high-speed all-optical code-division multiplexing systems using all-serial encoders and decoders for 2/sup n/ prime code (1999)

In this paper, we demonstrate experimental all-optical code-division multiplexing (AO-CDM) systems using 64-ps optical pulses and a 2/sup n/ prime code of n=3. A distinguishing feature of this experiment is that the modulation of ultrashort optical clock stream by electrical data is realized without using any optical intensity modulator at each transmitter. Moreover, only low-cost standard optical 2/spl times/2 couplers and fiber delay lines are employed to implement all-serial encoders and decoders for a 2/sup n/ prime code. As a result, this new system is more cost- and power-effective than a conventional AO-CDM system. Furthermore, the use of AO-CDM systems can offer parallel communications over a common fiber channel, which in turn can support real-time computer interconnections for image and data communications.
In vivo monitoring of hydrogen sulfide using a cresyl violet-based ratiometric fluorescence probe (2012)

A new cresyl violet-based ratiometric fluorescence probe is developed and applied to fluorescence imaging of H(2)S in living cells and zebrafish in vivo.
Diabetes abolishes ischemic preconditioning: role of glucose, insulin, and osmolality (2000)

Recent evidence indicates that hyperglycemia is an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. We tested the hypothesis that myocardial infarct size is related to blood glucose concentration in the presence or absence of ischemic preconditioning (PC) stimuli in canine models of diabetes mellitus and acute hyperglycemia. Barbiturate-anesthetized dogs were subjected to a 60-min period of coronary artery occlusion and 3-h reperfusion. Infarct size was 24 +/- 2% of the area at risk (AAR) for infarction in control dogs. PC significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the extent of infarction in normal (8 +/- 2% of AAR), but not diabetic (22 +/- 4% of AAR), dogs. Infarct size was linearly related to blood glucose concentration during acute hyperglycemia (r = 0.96; P < 0.001) and during diabetes (r = 0.74; P < 0.002) in the presence or absence of PC stimuli. Increases in serum osmolality caused by administration of raffinose (300 g) did not increase infarct size (11 +/- 3% of AAR) or interfere with the ability of PC to protect against infarction (2 +/- 1% of AAR). The results indicate that hyperglycemia is a major determinant of the extent of myocardial infarction in the dog.