gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Double Helical Synchronous Belt Transmission Design (2014)

The meshing impact noise caused by the gradually engagement between double helical synchronous belt and the pulley was reduced due to its spiral angle effect. Therefore, double helical synchronous belt transmission receives much concern with its excellent characteristics of de-noising, low transmission error and high carrying capacity. The profiles of synchronous belt and belt pulley were studied based on conjugate-curvature high degree contact meshing theory under the circumstance that the pitch of belt and belt pulley are identical. The higher contact strength of the belt teeth and a smaller clearance in the contact point adjacent area were ensured with Hertz contact theory as the synchronous belt is in contact with pulley. And then a conjugated arc tooth profile with two-step contact and three-step adjacent gap infinitesimal was proposed based on the simple easy to processing method, which was adopted as main parameters for double synchronous belt and pulley’s normal teeth profile. The three-dimensional transmission model was built and the static nonlinear contact analysis was done with finite element software ANSYS. Finally, the noise experiment was conducted on the high speed test bench to compare the noise reduction effect between double helical synchronous belt and straight tooth timing belt with the identical end face profile. The simulation and experiment result show that the double helical synchronous belt transmission can reduce noise level by 11dB approximately compared with straight tooth timing belt transmission.
Evidence for higher sensitivity of recombinant Tri a 36 compared to omega-5-gliadin for diagnosis of wheat food allergy (2013)

Background Wheat is one of the most important food allergen sources. Using natural wheat allergen extracts for serological diagnosis of wheat-induced food allergy false positive test results are frequently obtained, in particular in grass pollen allergic patients. Therefore, Tri a 19, an omega-5-gliadin, which is known as a major allergen in wheat dependent exercise induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA) and in wheat food allergy in children, is widely used for the serological diagnosis of wheat-induced food allergy.
An efficient algorithm for projective dependency parsing (2003)

This paper presents a deterministic parsing algorithm for projective dependency grammar. The running time of the algorithm is linear in the length of the input string, and the dependency graph produced is guaranteed to be projective and acyclic. The algorithm has been experimentally evaluated in parsing unrestricted Swedish text, achieving an accuracy above 85% with a very simple grammar.
Diffuse lung disease in children: Summary of a scientific conference (2013)

A multi-disciplinary scientific conference focused on diffuse and interstitial lung diseases in children was held in La Jolla, CA in June 2012. The conference brought together clinicians (including Pediatric and Adult Pulmonologists, Neonatologists, Pathologists, and Radiologists), clinical researchers, basic scientists, government agency representatives, patient advocates, as well as children affected by diffuse lung disease (DLD) and their families, to review recent scientific developments and emerging concepts in the pathophysiology of childhood DLD. Invited speakers discussed translational approaches, including genetics and proteomics, epigenetics and epigenomics, models of DLD, including animal models and induced pluripotent stem cells, and regenerative medicine approaches. The presentations of the invited speakers are summarized here.
Secretory IgA Mediates Bacterial Translocation to Dendritic Cells in Mouse Peyer’s Patches with Restriction to Mucosal Compartment (2007)

In addition to fulfilling its function of immune exclusion at mucosal surfaces, secretory IgA (SIgA) Ab exhibits the striking feature to adhere selectively to M cells in the mouse and human intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs). Subsequent uptake drives the SIgA Ab to dendritic cells (DCs), which become partially activated. Using freshly isolated mouse DCs, we found that the interaction with SIgA was tissue and DC subtype dependent. Only DCs isolated from PPs and mesenteric lymph nodes interacted with the Ab. CD11c(+)CD11b(+) DCs internalized SIgA, while CD11c(+)CD19(+) DCs only bound SIgA on their surface, and no interaction occurred with CD11c(+)CD8alpha(+) DCs. We next examined whether SIgA could deliver a sizeable cargo to PP DCs in vivo by administering SIgA-Shigella flexneri immune complexes into a mouse ligated intestinal loop containing a PP. We found that such immune complexes entered the PPs and were internalized by subepithelial dome PP DCs, in contrast to S. flexneri alone that did not penetrate the intestinal epithelium in mice. Dissemination of intraepithelial S. flexneri delivered as immune complexes was limited to PPs and mesenteric lymph nodes. We propose that preexisting SIgA Abs associated with microbes contribute to mucosal defense by eliciting responses that prevent overreaction while maintaining productive immunity.
Open Surgery versus Endovascular Surgery in the Treatment of the Descendent Thoracic Aortic Disease (2012)

Introduction: Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) has increased worldwide more than open repair in the last few years.Objective: To compare clinical outcomes of TEVAR versus open surgery at Fundación Cardio Infantil (Bogota, Colombia), between 2002 and 2011.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the cohort of patients with open repair (group 1) in comparison to TEVAR (group 2). In each group, surgical time, morbidity rates (infection, hemorrhage, medular ischemia, cerebrovascular event, and postoperative renal failure), mortality, reintervention, and hospital stay were evaluated. For comparisons a univariate analysis was used, being a p&lt; 0.05 statistically significant.Results: 57 patients were included (26 % open repair; 74 % TEVAR). Two type 1 endoleaks on group 2 and 1 bleeding patient in group 1 required a second surgery. Surgical mortality was 20 % in group 1, and 2.3 % in group 2); surgical time was 398 ± 180 (group 1) versus 85.5 ± 35 min (group 2) (p = 0.0001); and hospital stay was 9,8 days (group 1) and 5.3 days (group 2). Average follow-up time was 4.8 ± 3.1 years.Conclusions: TEVAR may be associated with less morbidity, mortality, surgical time, and hospital stay than open repair, although the populations included were not strictly comparable. New, prospective studies, ideally randomized,are needed to support the long term benefits of this type of repair.
Radio wave propagation over a nonconstant immittance plane (2001)

The problem of electromagnetic wave propagation over a horizontal, nonconstant immittance plane, whose immittance value is a function of incident grazing angle, is considered. An equivalent specification of the immittance surface is in terms of its angle‐dependent reflection coefficient. Expressions are provided for the field on a vertical line given the field on a previous vertical line. The vertical line field is initialized at the plane containing the source where its aperture current distribution is specified. Both two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional fields are considered, and the expressions are valid for either polarization. The form of expressions is particularly suited for implementing with the Fourier split‐step algorithm of the parabolic wave equation. Extension to inhomogeneous atmosphere to account for mild atmospheric inhomogeneities is presented. Several examples are considered where the immittance arises from small‐scale and large‐scale surface roughnesses. A numerical procedure is described wherein incomplete or approximate reflection coefficient data are made to conform to the assumptions made in the development of the expressions. This is demonstrated for a surface reflection coefficient which is governed by the Miller‐Brown‐Vegh roughness reduction factor. Numerical results are presented for propagation under ducting conditions over a rough surface for frequencies from HF through microwave.
A Microfabricated Scaffold Induces the Spheroid Formation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells and Promotes Efficient Adipogenic Differentiation (2010)

Here, we report the highly efficient in vitro differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MPCs) using a novel nanotechnology-based culture plate, nanoculture plate(®) (NCP). The NCP contains uneven microfabrications with diameters of ∼2-3 μm arranged in a honeycomb pattern on its culture surface, which is devoid of animal-derived protein sources. When human MPCs were subjected to three-dimensional (3D) culture using an NCP, they rapidly formed adhesive spheroids. We showed that adipogenic differentiation in NCP-mediated 3D cultures led to more rapid accumulation of triglycerides than that in two-dimensional cultures. During adipogenesis in 3D cultures, the rapid and intense induction of adipocyte-specific gene expressions, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBP-α), adipocyte protein 2 (aP2), and adiponectin was observed. Together, these results indicate that this 3D culture system is suitable for the differentiation of human MPCs into adipogenic lineage, and could be applicable to adipose tissue engineering under xeno-free condition.
NOEMS devices based on Slot-Waveguides (2007)

We present device applications for Nano-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (NOEMS) structures based on the evanescent-wave bonding acting on silicon slot-waveguides. Useful all- optical or electrooptical functionalities include: phase modulation, polarization mode dispersion, near-field probing and reconfigurable optical delay.
ETA-6-ARENE METAL-COMPLEXES - SYNTHESIS, REACTIVITY AND CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE OF [V(ETA-6-1,3,5-ME3C6H3)2]ALCL4 AND THE ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF V(ETA-6-1,3,5-ME3C6H3)2, CR(ETA-6-MEC6H5)2 AND MO(ETA-6-MEC6H5)2 (1993)

The products of the reduction of VX3 by the Al/AlX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) system in 1,3,5-Me3C6H3 (mes), [Vmes2]AlX4, have been isolated and structurally characterized for X = Cl. Crystal data: C18H24AlCl4V; M = 460.1; orthorhombic, space group Pnnm, a = 15.078(1); b = 14.391(3); c = 10.481(3) angstrom; U = 2274(1) angstrom3; Z = 4; D, = 1.344 Mg m-3; lambda(Mo-K(alpha1)) = 0.70930 angstrom; mu = 0.93 mm-1; F(000) = 944; T = 294 K. The structure consists of the discrete VMes2+ and AlCl4- ions, the former containing sandwiched, eclipsed arene ligands. In the parent hydrocarbon as medium, no further reduction of the vanadium(I) complex occurred even over long reaction times: in the presence of tetrahydrofuran, the crude primary product of the reaction was further reduced by the excess of aluminium affording bismesitylenevanadium(0), VmeS2, in good yields. The slight solubility of [VmeS2]AlCl4 in mesitylene has been found to increase enormously by addition of one equivalent of AlCl3: this adduct clathrates additional mesitylene up to a critical ratio of the mesitylene/vanadium molar value, further addition of mesitylene giving a biphasic system. The new synthetic method used for Vmes2 has been extended to the preparation of the chromium(0) and molybdenum(0) complexes, Cr(eta6-MeC6H5)2 and Mo(eta6-MeC6H5)2, respectively.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON EFFECT OF ANOXIA UPON COCHLEAR MICROPHONICS AND ACTION POTENTIALS (1960)

The experiments were performed in order to know the details of generation of the cochlear responses. The animal used were guinea pigs. Using the differential pre-amplifire and three stage differential ampifier after I. Tasaki, the cochlear microphonics (CM) and action potential (AP) were measured by means of vestibulo-tympanal recording under asphyxia. The results of investigations are as follows:1) Decrease of CM during asphyxia may be grossly divided into three phases, namely the unchangeble, the rapid diminished phase and the so called low level, which still persists for long period after death of animal. The former two are called CM, and the latter CM2.2) It was observed that the longer the period of asphyxia, the longer the time for recovery and moreover recovery was incomplate.3) Increaese of the stimulating tone from 30 to 40 phon did not show any change in decreasee or recovery of CM during asphyxia.4) With repeat of aspehyxia on same animal, the CM decrease became gradually more rapid and the recovery became slower and incomplete.5) Then the recording position was changed from basal to the third turn of cochlea and the stimulating tone frequency was boosted from 250 to 4000cps. But no change was noted in decrease nor in recovery of the CM during asphyxia.6) There were no difference of the phase between CM1 and CM2 during asphyxia.7) The preservation of energy, which the CM generation require, is very small.8) Both CM1 and CM2 are similarly influenced by the exposure to loud tone.9) If we conisder the behavior of the CM is due to the lack of oxygen, it seemes that the CM generation mechanism is biological.10) Resistance and recovery of AP N1, N2 for the lack of oxygen are weaker than that of CM in similar condition.
Airship Measurements of Aerosol Size Distributions, Cloud Droplet Spectra, and Trace Gas Concentrations in the Marine Boundary Layer (1993)

The use of an airship as a platform to conduct atmospheric chemistry, aerosol, and cloud microphysical research is described, and results from demonstration flights made off the Oregon coast are presented. The slow speed of the airship makes it an ideal platform to do high-spatial resolution profiling both vertically and horizontally, and to measure large aerosol and cloud droplet distributions without the difficulties caused by high-speed aircraft sampling. A unique set of data obtained during the demonstration flights show the effect that processing marine boundary layer aerosol through stratus clouds has on the aerosol size distribution. Evidence of new particle formation (nucleation of particles) was also observed on about half the days on which flights were made.
Toenails: An Easily Accessible and Long-Term Stable Source of DNA for Genetic Analyses in Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies (2007)

PG - 1168-70 AD - Department of Health Risk Analysis and Toxicology and. FAU - van Breda, Simone G AU - van Breda SG FAU - Hogervorst, Janneke G AU - Hogervorst JG FAU - Schouten, Leo J AU - Schouten LJ FAU - Knaapen, Ad M AU - Knaapen AM FAU - van Delft, Joost H AU - van Delft JH FAU - Goldbohm, R Alexandra AU - Goldbohm RA FAU - van Schooten, Frederik J AU - van Schooten FJ FAU - van den Brandt, Piet A AU - van den Brandt PA LA - eng PT - Journal Article PL - United States TA - Clin Chem JT - Clinical chemistry JID - 9421549 SB - IM
Determination of Fluid Composition Equilibrium under Consideration of Asphaltenes – A Substantially Superior Way to Assess Reservoir Connectivity than Formation Pressure Surveys (2011)

Abstract Assessing reservoir connectivity during the earliest stages of reservoir evaluation is highly desirable for successful field development. Static pressure measurements with wireline formation testers have been used to assess compartmentalization; if two permeable zones are not in pressure communication, they are not in flow communication. However, the presumption that pressure communication implies flow communication has repeatedly proven to be incorrect. Pressure equilibration requires relatively low mass flow compared to fluid composition equilibration. Thus pressure communication does not impose a stringent condition on connectivity. In contrast, fluid composition equilibration requires mixing of the entire content of the reservoir. Fluid composition equilibration provides a correspondingly much more rigorous set of conditions to determine connectivity. In this paper, a comparison is made between the time constants for pressure versus fluid composition equilibration for identical reservoir parameters. A reservoir model is designed to simulate numerically equilibration processes over geologic timescales at isothermal conditions where diffusion and gravity are the active mechanisms. A variety of initial conditions and reservoir fluid types are considered. The fluid component with the largest molecular weight and volume is expected to have the longest equilibration time. For black oil, this work accounts for asphaltene nanoaggregates in their own component group. The results are compared with analytical calculations. Longer equilibration times correspond to tighter constraints on connectivity. Fluid composition equilibration is seen to constrain connectivity by 6 or more orders of magnitude beyond pressure equilibration. The equilibration time of the asphaltenes nanoaggregates exceeds the the compositional equilibration of all other fluid components by a factor of five. Only a process that stretches across the entire age of the reservoir is likely to capture geologic events that cause compartmentalization. Consequently, the evaluation of the distribution of fluid compositions is shown to be a far better method to test for connectivity than pressure communication. Determination of fluid equilibrium should become part of the standard procedure for reservoir connectivity evaluation.
Lipid Droplet <i>De Novo</i> Formation and Fission Are Linked to the Cell Cycle in Fission Yeast (2012)

Cells sequester neutral lipids in bodies called lipid droplets. Thus, the formation and breakdown of the droplets are important for cellular metabolism; unfortunately, these processes are difficult to quantify. Here, we used time-lapse confocal microscopy to track the formation, movement and size changes of lipid droplets throughout the cell cycle in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In theory, the number of lipid droplets in these cells must increase for daughter cells to have the same number of droplets as the parent at a reference point in the cell cycle. We observed stable droplet formation events in G2 phase that were divided evenly between de novo formation of nascent droplets and fission of preexisting droplets. The observations that lipid droplet number is linked to the cell cycle and that droplets can form via fission were both new discoveries. Thus, we scrutinized each fission event for multiple signatures to eliminate possible artifacts from our microscopy. We augmented our time-lapse confocal microscopy with electron microscopy, which showed lipid droplet 'intermediates': droplets shaped like dumbbells that are potentially in transition states between two spherical droplets. Using these complementary microscopy techniques and also dynamic simulations, we show that lipid droplets can form by fission.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Generation of Mono‐ and 1,1′‐Dilithioferrocenes by Lithium—Tellurium Exchange. Efficient Routes to Mono‐ and Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 1,1′‐Di‐Substituted Ferrocenes. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of <i>FHIT</i> on benzo[ <i>a</i> ]pyrene-induced tumors and alopecia in mice: Chemoprevention by budesonide and <i>N</i> -acetylcysteine (2006)

The FHIT gene has many hallmarks of a tumor-suppressor gene and is involved in a large variety of cancers. We treated A/J mice and (C57BL/6J x 129/SvJ)F1 (B6/129 F1) mice, either wild-type or FHIT+/-, with multiple doses of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) by gavage. B[a]P caused a time-related increase of micronuclei in peripheral blood erythrocytes. Both A/J and B6/129 F1 mice, irrespective of their FHIT status, were sensitive to induction of forestomach tumors, whereas B[a]P induced glandular stomach hyperplasia and a high multiplicity of lung tumors in A/J mice only. Preneoplastic lesions of the uterus were more frequent in FHIT+/- mice. B6/129 F1 mice underwent spontaneous alopecia areata and hair bulb cell apoptosis, which were greatly accelerated either by FHIT heterozygosity or by B[a]P treatment, thus suggesting that FHIT plays a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. The oral administration of either budesonide or N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) inhibited the occurrence of this inflammatory skin disease. In addition, these agents prevented B[a]P-induced glandular stomach hyperplasia and decreased the size of both forestomach tumors and lung tumors in A/J mice. Budesonide also attenuated lung tumor multiplicity. In B6/129 F1 mice, NAC significantly decreased the proliferating cell nuclear antigen in lung tumors. Both budesonide and NAC inhibited B[a]P-induced forestomach tumors and preneoplastic lesions of the respiratory tract in B6/129 F1 mice. In conclusion, heterozygosity for FHIT affects susceptibility of mice to spontaneous alopecia areata and B[a]P-induced preneoplastic lesions of the uterus and does not alter responsiveness to budesonide and NAC.
Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources on Effectiveness of Grid-Integrated Systems: Succinct Review of Current Challenges and Potential Solution Strategies (2020)

This study is aimed at a succinct review of practical impacts of grid integration of renewable energy systems on effectiveness of power networks, as well as often employed state-of-the-art solution strategies. The renewable energy resources focused on include solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy and geothermal energy, as well as renewable hydrogen/fuel cells, which, although not classified purely as renewable resources, are a famous energy carrier vital for future energy sustainability. Although several world energy outlooks have suggested that the renewable resources available worldwide are sufficient to satisfy global energy needs in multiples of thousands, the different challenges often associated with practical exploitation have made this assertion an illusion to date. Thus, more research efforts are required to synthesize the nature of these challenges as well as viable solution strategies, hence, the need for this review study. First, brief overviews are provided for each of the studied renewable energy sources. Next, challenges and solution strategies associated with each of them at generation phase are discussed, with reference to power grid integration. Thereafter, challenges and common solution strategies at the grid/electrical interface are discussed for each of the renewable resources. Finally, expert opinions are provided, comprising a number of aphorisms deducible from the review study, which reveal knowledge gaps in the field and potential roadmap for future research. In particular, these opinions include the essential roles that renewable hydrogen will play in future energy systems; the need for multi-sectoral coupling, specifically by promoting electric vehicle usage and integration with renewable-based power grids; the need for cheaper energy storage devices, attainable possibly by using abandoned electric vehicle batteries for electrical storage, and by further development of advanced thermal energy storage systems (overviews of state-of-the-art thermal and electrochemical energy storage are also provided); amongst others.