gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Energy Behavior of a Spin-Flip Amplitude (1971)

The perturbation series for the spin-flip amplitude, where two units of spin are exchanged, of the scattering of two vector mesons through fermion-fermion-vector-meson coupling is studied in the limit of high energies. Similar to the case of elastic scattering (without spin flip) in quantum electrodynamics, there are, for this spin-flip amplitude, terms in the perturbation series of the orders of magnitudes $s$, $s \mathrm{ln}s$, $s({\mathrm{ln}s)}^{2}$, $s({\mathrm{ln}s)}^{3}$, etc. For each $n$, the leading term in the coefficient of $s({\mathrm{ln}s)}^{n}$ is due to Feynman diagrams with $n+2$ closed fermion loops. These leading terms are found explicitly for the exactly forward direction, and are then summed. Because these terms alternate in sign, at high energies this sum is smaller than any one of the leading terms in the series. This sum is studied in detail for the case where massless photons are exchanged, and is found to have a simple factorization property. Some of the results are extended to the more general case of exchanging massive neutral vector mesons. The high-energy behavior of this spin-flip amplitude is qualitatively different from that of the spin-nonflip amplitude studied previously.
Fabrication of Tailor-Made 3D PCL Scaffold Using a Bio-Plotting Process (2008)

Biomedical scaffold for tissue regeneration was fabricated by one of rapid prototyping processes, bioplotting system, with a biodegradable and biocompatible poly(-carprolactone)(PCL). Through dynamic mechanical test, it was observed that the PCL scaffold manufactured by the bioplotting process has the superior mechanical properties compared to the conventional scaffold fabricated by a salt-leaching process, and the plotted scaffold could be employed as a potential scaffold to regenerating hard and soft tissue. The plotted scaffold was consisted of porous structures. which were interconnected with each pore to help cells be easily adhered and proliferated in the wall of pore tunnels, and metabolic nutrients can be transported within the matrix. By using the plotting system, we could adjust the pore size, porosity, strand pitch, and, strand diameter of PCL scaffolds, which were important parameters to control mechanical properties of the scaffolds, and consequently we could determine that the mechanically controlled scaffolds could be used as a matching scaffold for any required mechanical properties of the target organ. The fabricated 3D PCL scaffold showed enough possibility as a 3D biomedical scaffold, which was cell-cultured with chondrocytes.
The Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease (2015)

The treatment of dry eye has evolved from tear substitution alone to a rationally based therapeutic algorithm. Current research focuses on pathophysiology, new diagnostic techniques, and novel therapies including secretagogues, topical androgens, and new anti- inflammatory drugs.
From Khmer treasures to Chinese antiquities: The ongoing plunder and trafficking in South East Asia (2009)

In June of this year, in a ceremony associated with much pomp and political significance, the Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva handed over to Cambodian officials in Phnom Penh a number of Khmer treasures seized by Thai authorities from smugglers in 1999. The treasures included six massive stone heads of the Hindu God Shiva, dating from the 12th Century Angkorian era (Associated Press, 2009).
Simultaneous Biatrial High-Density (510–512 Electrodes) Epicardial Mapping of Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients (2015)

During persistent and LSP AF in 12 patients, wave fronts emanating from foci and breakthrough sites maintained AF. No reentry was demonstrated.
Degeneration and regeneration of nerves following cryosurgery. (1974)

Ventral epithelium of the tongue was frozen by means of a surface applied cryosurgical probe. Nerves in the sub-epithelial connective tissue were examined in the electron microscope at various time intervals after thawing. Degeneration commenced immediately on thawing of the tissues and regeneration was well advanced within one week of the injury. Degeneration occurred before ischaemia could be expected to have produced nerve damage and it is suggested that the initial insult is a cryolytic one. Although nerve function was not studied in the present experiments, the structural changes were in accord with clinical findings of reduced sensitivity during and immediately following cyrosurgery and also with recovery of function within 7-14 days of the injury.
[Analytical methodology for drug-protein binding studies]. (2004)

The qualitative and quantitative aspects of several novel methods for drug-protein binding studies, which include chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, cloud-point extraction and microdialysis as well as those of the traditional approaches such as equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration are reviewed. The advantages and limitations of these methods are discussed.
Application of Load-pull in Power Amplifier Design (2016)

Aiming at parasitic effect physical design of the power amplifier, according to the load-pull result of input and output impedance by the conjugate match, a wideband high efficiency method of power amplifier was proposed basing on the momentum technology and load-pull method in this paper after using the ADS software. To realize high efficiency, matching circuit is applied to the amplifier to reduce the chip size, which are changed into corresponding momentum components and re-used in schematic design with well improvement design accuracy are designed by the conjugate match method basing on the analysis of unconditional stability, as well as to realize the optimum impedances over a wide bandwidth for high efficiency at each stage. The simulation results showed that the new method could get the optimal output within three iterations, which verified that the new method is a practical and efficient in power amplifier design.
Optimized separation of nonpolar and polar lipid classes from wheat flour by solid‐phase extraction (1992)

A method combining solid‐phase extraction on prepacked silica and aminopropyl bonded‐phase (Bond‐Elut) columns has been developed for the separation of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids from wheat flour into individual classes in high yield and homogeneity. Chromatography on a single silica column (500 mg) with solvent combinations of increasing polarity resulted in complete separation of steryl esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, 1,2‐diglycerides, 1,3‐diglycerides, monoglycerides, monogalactosylglycerides, digalactosylglycerides, phosphatidylcholine and lysophosphatidylcholine. Chromatography on an aminopropyl bonded‐phase column (500 mg) with ternary mixtures of chloroform/methanol/ammonium hydroxide led to the proper separation of N‐acyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine and N‐acyl‐lysophosphatidylethanolamine, previously coeluted on the prepacked silica column. Cross contamination among phospholipid classes tested by normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography was always less than 14%.
[Electric shock waves crushing stones in the exposed kidney (author's transl)]. (1979)

Highenergy shock waves can desintegrate human calculi of the kidney into fine fragments without direct contact. A closed reflector system which allows sterile contact with the exposed kidney is presented.
Dependence of the chemical dynamics of intercluster association reactions on the strength of the solute–solvent intermolecular potential (1993)

Classical trajectory calculations are performed to investigate how microscopic solvation influences the H+CH3→CH4 reaction mechanism, rate constant, energetics, product energy, and angular momentum partitioning; and how these solvation effects depend on the solute–solvent interaction strength. Without solvation, the final energy and rotational angular momentum of CH4 strongly depend on the H+CH3 relative translational energy. However, for HAr2+CH3 with a normal H–Ar Lennard-Jones interaction strength εHAr0, a spectator-stripping mechanism dominates the reactive collisions so that both the final CH4 energy and rotational angular momentum do not significantly depend on the relative translational energy. The association cross section to form CH4 is slightly larger for HAr2+CH3 than for H+CH3. When the H–Ar interaction strength for HAr2 is increased from 1 to 100εHAr0, it is found that (1) the association cross section to form CH4 is insensitive to the H–Ar interaction strength, suggesting a long-range transition state; (2) the reaction mechanism changes from a spectator-stripping model to a complex one, which alters the character of the CH4+Ar2 product energy and angular momentum partitioning; and (3) the formation of the Ar2–CH4 complex leads to stabilized CH4 product, with substantial energy transfer from CH4 for the strongest H–Ar interaction strength of 100εHAr0.
Computer based tools in the HVAC design process. Interface and data transfer between modeling in Revit and supporting draw- and simulation tools (especially with focus on handling geometries and information- /data transfer) (2011)

The purpose with the thesis is to examine the link between modeling in Revit with other\ndrawing programs and simulation tools and to examine the possibilities and limitations for\ntransferring data between the different program modules, i.e. which data transfer between the\nprograms is possible. Revit MEP 2011 will be in focus and along with the purpose above a\nsub-purpose will be to explore and evaluate the internal features of Revit MEP 2011 and by\nthis Revit MEP will be evaluated to which extent it can benefit to rationalize the HVAC\ndesign process.\nIn order to approach the concept of BIM there is a need to gather information from third party\nsoftware’s. The ideal scenario is that this information can be utilized by Revit, in such way\ninformation will not have to be re-defined repetitiously throughout the building process.\nRevit is a relatively new program which can be compared to AutoCad, in the case for Revit\nthough, the manufacturer claims that the program should be more user-friendly in the matter\nof utilizing previously defined information. Based on this, the possibilities are good for the\nactors in the building industry to make their operation more effective, not only regarding time\nand economy but also the easement in communication between different actors in the process.\nThe result of the analysis is that at the present date there are few third party software’s that are\nintegrated with Revit MEP on a two-way basis. The model created in Revit can be exported to\nmost software’s in some way, but in most cases this is where the loop of information stops.\nThis means that if the original Revit model is revised then a new export has to be performed.\nSome software’s have a tight integration with Revit though, such as the Autodesk Solar\nRadiation Technology Preview. This is a good example of how information exchange and\nupdate should run, with information exchange on a two-way basis and where the revised\nmodel also is updated in the external software, although the actual usage of the software can\nbe questioned.\nRegarding Revit MEP 2011 as a tool in the HVAC design process, the analyze shows that it\nperforms well or more than well on most areas except for simulations and calculations of the\nenergy. The calculation method is simplified and the calculation procedure is hidden for the\nII CHALMERS Civil and Environmental Engineering, Master’s Thesis 2011:01\nuser. This combination reduces the use of Revit MEP 2011 as a tool for the performance of\nsimulations and calculations regarding energy, which constitutes a significant part of the\nHVAC design process. Nonetheless, the fact that MagiCad is integrated in Revit MEP as an “add-in” makes it a powerful tool in the HVAC design process as all the features of MagiCad is possessed in combination with the BIM approached mode of operation that Revit enables.\n
Production of 2nd Generation of Liquid Biofuels (2013)

Fluctuations in the price of oil and projections on depletion of accessible oil deposits have led to national and international efforts to enhance the proportion of energy derived from renewable sources (bioenergy) with special emphasis on the transport sector (e.g. according to Directive 2009/28 EC, by 2020, 20% of energy in EU-27 should be met from renewable sources and 10% should be used in transportation). To fulfil the legal requirements, wider exploitation of biofuels made from renewable feedstocks, as a substitute for traditional liq‐ uid fuels, will be inevitable; e.g. the demand for bioethanol in the EU is expected to reach 28.5 billion litres by 2020 [1], while in America 36 billion gallons of ethanol must be pro‐ duced by 2022 [2]. Bioethanol, which has a higher octane level then petrol but only contains 66% of the energy yield of petrol, can be used as blend or burned in its pure form in modi‐ fied spark-ignition engines [2]. This will improve fuel combustion, and will contribute to a reduction in atmospheric carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, carcinogenic emis‐ sions and reduce emissions of oxides of nitrogen and sulphur, the main cause of acid rain [2]. Butanol-gasoline blends might outcompete ethanol-gasoline ones because they have bet‐ ter phase stability in the presence of water, better low-temperature properties, higher oxida‐ tion stability during long term storage, more favourable distillation characteristics and lower volatility with respect to possible air pollution. Recently performed ECE 83.03 emis‐ sion tests [3] have shown negligible or no adverse effects on air pollution by burning buta‐ nol-gasoline blends (containing up to 30% v/v of butanol) in spark ignition engines of Skoda passenger cars.
Protecting the grid topology and user consumption patterns during state estimation in smart grids based on data obfuscation (2019)

Abstract Smart grids promise a more reliable, efficient, economically viable, and environment-friendly electricity infrastructure for the future. State estimation in smart grids plays a pivotal role in system monitoring, reliable operation, automation, and grid stabilization. However, the power consumption data collected from the users during state estimation can be privacy-sensitive. Furthermore, the topology of the grid can be exploited by malicious entities during state estimation to launch attacks without getting detected. Motivated by the essence of a secure state estimation process, we consider a weighted-least-squares estimation carried out batch-wise at repeated intervals, where the resource-constrained clients utilize a malicious cloud for computation services. We propose a secure masking protocol based on data obfuscation that is computationally efficient and successfully verifiable in the presence of a malicious adversary. Simulation results show that the state estimates calculated from the original and obfuscated dataset are exactly the same while demonstrating a high level of obscurity between the original and the obfuscated dataset both in time and frequency domain.
Control of an HVdc Link Connecting a Wind Farm to the Grid for Fault Ride-Through Enhancement (2007)

This paper studies the issue of the fault ride-through capability of a wind farm of induction generators, which is connected to an AC grid through an HVDC link based on voltage sourced converters (VSCs). National grid codes require that wind turbines should stay connected to the power system during and after short-circuit faults. In the latest literature, when the technology of HVdc based on VSCs is used to connect a wind farm to the power system, the blocking of the VSCs valves for a predefined short time interval is applied, in order to avoid the overcurrents and the tripping of the wind turbines. This paper proposes a control strategy that blocks the converters for a time interval which depends on the severity of the fault and takes special actions in order to alleviate the post-fault disturbances. In this way, the overcurrents are limited, the wind turbines manage to remain connected, and the AC voltage recovers quickly.
Inhibition of Protein Kinase C Translocation from Cytosol to Membrane by Chelerythrine (1998)

Protein kinase C (PKC) is regarded as an important signal in cellular responses. Chelerythrine, the alkaloid in Zanthoxylum simulans, was recently introduced as a specific blocker of PKC phosphorylation. The present study demonstrated an inhibitory effect of chelerythrine on the translocation of PKC from cytosol to membrane using Western blotting analysis. An increase of PKC translocation from cytosol to the membrane was observed in isolated ileal synaptosomes incubated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to reach the plateau at 30 min later. Pretreatment with chelerythrine for 20 min attenuated this action of PMA in a concentration-dependent manner and the inhibition of PKC alpha translocation was similar to that of PKC beta. An inhibitory effect of chelerythrine on the translocation of PKC is considered in addition to the inhibition of PKC phosphorylation.
Simple bipolar host materials incorporating CN group for highly efficient blue electrophosphorescence with slow efficiency roll-off (2013)

A group of small-molecular compounds, namely 6-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (m-CzCzCN), 6-(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (o-CzCzCN), 6-(3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)-9-ethyl-9H-carbazole-3-carbonitrile (mCPCzCN), 8-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan-2-carbonitrile (m-CzOCN), 8-(3-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)phenyl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-2-carbonitrile (m-CzSCN), are designed and synthesized for use as host materials in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The p-type carbazole and the n-type cyano-decorated carbazole, dibenzofuran or dibenzothiophene unit are incorporated, to either the meta- or ortho-positions of the phenylene bridge. The bipolar feature was confirmed by theoretical calculation and experimental results of the single-carrier devices. These materials exhibit an excellent performance in their hosted blue phosphorescent OLEDs with iridium(III)bis(4,6-(difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′)picolinate (Firpic) as the doped emitter. The ortho-substituted o-CzCzCN realizes higher device efficiencies than the meta-substituted isomer m-CzCzCN, with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 21.0% and a current efficiency of 43.9 cd A−1. The device hosted by m-CzSCN also exhibits remarkably high efficiencies of 23.3% and 46.1 cd A−1. Furthermore, these blue PhOLEDs are characterized by a slow efficiency roll-off. Even at a high brightness of 10 000 cd m−2, the o-CzCzCN hosted device still retain high efficiencies of 13.6% and 28.5 cd A−1. This is a systematic study of incorporating the CN group onto carbazole, dibenzofuran and dibenzothiophene, to develop high-triplet-energy bipolar hosts for OLED applications.
Removal of Elemental Mercury by Sodium Chlorite Solution (2008)

Abstract The important step for increasing gaseous elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) removal in wet scrubber systems is altering the chemical form of the Hg 0 to a water‐soluble oxidized species. This work focuses on the removal of elemental mercury from simulated flue gas by aqueous sodium chlorite in a bubble reactor. The effects of initial oxidizing solution concentration, reaction temperature, pH and mercury concentration in the inlet of the reactor on mercury oxidative absorption in sodium chlorite were investigated. The results indicate that higher concentrations of sodium chlorite favor Hg 0 removal, with a greater efficiency observed in acidic than in alkaline solution. High temperature inhibits Hg 0 absorption in aqueous sorbent when the reaction temperature is lower than ca. 40 °C, and the removal efficiency increases when the temperature is higher than that value. In conclusion, the major influencing factors on the levels of Hg 0 removal are pH and chlorite concentration in solution.
A Decade of Kasabov's Evolving Connectionist Systems: A Review (2009)

Evolving connectionist systems (ECoSs) are a family of constructive artificial neural network algorithms that were first proposed by Kasabov in 1998, where ldquoevolvingrdquo in this context means ldquochanging over time,rdquo rather than evolving through simulated evolution. A decade on the number of ECoS algorithms and the problems to which they have been applied have multiplied. This paper reviews the current state of the art in the field of ECoS networks via a substantial literature review. It reviews: (1) the motivations for ECoS; (2) the major ECoS algorithms in use; (3) previously existing constructive algorithms that are similar to ECoS; (4) empirical evaluations of ECoS networks over benchmark datasets; and (5) applications of ECoS to real-world problems. The paper ends with some suggestions of future directions of research into ECoS networks.
Procedurally generated environments for simulating RSSI- localization applications (2017)

Received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is often used in wireless localization applications as it attenuates as the signal propagates through the environment. Signal strength attenuation models allow distance to be estimated between transceivers and utilized in positioning techniques, such as trilateration and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithms. To evaluate these methods, it is costly and time consuming to construct hardware to physically test each implementation of an algorithm. However, simulating RSSI can prove difficult due the many environmental factors that impact attenuation, such as multipath interference. Simulating multipath effects require detailed information about the operating environment's properties (geometry, materials), and can be computationally expensive. This work describes a simulation method which procedurally generates RSSI values at given distances for wireless nodes utilizing collected data from a given environment type and a Markov chain. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, a range-only SLAM algorithm is simulated utilizing this environment.
Solubilization and reconstitution of the sodium‐and‐chloride‐coupled glycine transporter from rat spinal cord (1989)

Synaptic membranes from rat spinal cord were solubilized in the presence of 2% sodium cholate, phospholipids and 15% ammonium sulphate. The soluble extract was incorporated into liposomes consisting of asolectin and crude rat brain lipids. Reconstitution of the functional transporter protein was achieved by removal of detergent by gel filtration. Several parameters proved to be important for optimal reconstitution efficiency: (a) the lipid composition of the liposomes, (b) the type of detergent, and (c) the phospholipid/protein and detergent/protein ratio during reconstitution. In the reconstituted system, the transport of glycine showed a specific activity about twice that of native vesicles. The ionic dependence of the transport, the inhibitory effect of nigericin in the presence of external sodium and the stimulatory effect of valinomycin in the presence of internal potassium on glycine transport were preserved and more clearly observed in the reconstituted system. These results indicate that, in this preparation, the glycine transporter protein retains the same features displayed in the synaptic plasma membrane vesicles, namely dependence on sodium and chloride, electrogenicity and inhibitor sensitivity.
A hall-effect seismograph (1962)

ABSTRACT The principle of operation and the amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of a newtype seismograph are discussed and compared with those of an electrodynamic seismograph. The properties of this instrument allowing its use also as a tiltmeter are set forth. The action of the new seismograph is based on utilization of the Hall effect in semiconductors. Experimental results obtained with the new device are given.