gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimum cruise profiles in the presence of winds (2003)

The author presents methods for computing an acceptable optimum cruise profile with step climb points that are acceptably separated when wind and temperature variations with altitude are taken into account. Four methods for filtering out spikes and stutters are described. One of them has been selected to provide an acceptable profile with minimum increase in flight cost. It involves first identifying candidate step climb points and then for each such point doing trial predictions for 500 nmi at each legal altitude at and above the current altitude, but not above a computed maximum altitude. Since displaying the true optimum altitude to the pilot may be misleading, methods for computing recommended cruise level are studied and one method is selected. Plots of simulation runs based on the Boeing 747-400 with a Honeywell flight management system are presented to illustrate and compare methods. Since maximum altitude is used in the methods described, maximum altitude computation is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Machine learning–XGBoost analysis of language networks to classify patients with epilepsy (2017)

Our goal was to apply a statistical approach to allow the identification of atypical language patterns and to differentiate patients with epilepsy from healthy subjects, based on their cerebral activity, as assessed by functional MRI (fMRI). Patients with focal epilepsy show reorganization or plasticity of brain networks involved in cognitive functions, inducing 'atypical' (compared to 'typical' in healthy people) brain profiles. Moreover, some of these patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy, and they undergo surgery to stop seizures. The neurosurgeon should only remove the zone generating seizures and must preserve cognitive functions to avoid deficits. To preserve functions, one should know how they are represented in the patient's brain, which is in general different from that of healthy subjects. For this purpose, in the pre-surgical stage, robust and efficient methods are required to identify atypical from typical representations. Given the frequent location of regions generating seizures in the vicinity of language networks, one important function to be considered is language. The risk of language impairment after surgery is determined pre-surgically by mapping language networks. In clinical settings, cognitive mapping is classically performed with fMRI. The fMRI analyses allowing the identification of atypical patterns of language networks in patients are not sufficiently robust and require additional statistic approaches. In this study, we report the use of a statistical nonlinear machine learning classification, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) algorithm, to identify atypical patterns and classify 55 participants as healthy subjects or patients with epilepsy. XGBoost analyses were based on neurophysiological features in five language regions (three frontal and two temporal) in both hemispheres and activated with fMRI for a phonological (PHONO) and a semantic (SEM) language task. These features were combined into 135 cognitively plausible subsets and further submitted to selection and binary classification. Classification performance was scored with the Area Under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Our results showed that the subset SEM_LH BA_47-21 (left fronto-temporal activation induced by the SEM task) provided the best discrimination between the two groups (AUC of 91 ± 5%). The results are discussed in the framework of the current debates of language reorganization in focal epilepsy.
Optimization of Pellets Containing Solid Dispersion Prepared by Extrusion/Spheronization Using Central Composite Design and Desirability Function (2012)

Furosemide is a class IV biopharmaceutical classification system drug having poor water solubility and low bioavailability due to the hepatic first-pass metabolism and has a short half-life of 2 h. To overcome the above drawback, this study was carried to prepare and evaluate the pellets containing furosemide solid dispersion (SD) for oral administration prepared by extrusion/spheronization. SD of furosemide was prepared with Eudragit L-100 at a drug-to-polymer ratio of 1:2 by employing a solvent evaporation method and characterized. Further, microcrystalline cellulose pellets containing SD were consequently prepared using a lab scale extrusion/ spheronizer and evaluated for in vitro drug release studies. The influence of process parameters used during extrusion/spheronization on the pellet properties was also studied using 2-factor, 3-level central composite design in order to improve the product quality. Additionally, the desirability function approach was applied to acquire the preeminent compromise between the multiple responses. Pellets containing solid dispersion (PSD) were prepared using optimal parameter settings demonstrated 88.52 ± 0.69% of the drug was released in a sustained release manner till 12 h. In vitro drug release data were fitted to various release kinetics models to study the mechanism of drug release. Drug release from the PSD was found to follow zero-order and Higuchi's model. Both studied parameters had great influence on the responses. PSD showed augmentation in the drug release profile till 12 h. The final optimized formulation was obtained by encapsulating best SD formulation within the pellet core to release the drug in the most soluble form in stomach and a sustained fashion in intestine.
Cancer and occupational exposure to inorganic lead compounds: a meta-analysis of published data. (1995)

The findings from the workers with heavy exposure to lead provided some evidence to support the hypothesis of an association between stomach and lung cancer and exposure to lead. The main limitation of the present analysis is that the excess risks do not take account of potential confounders, because little information was available for other occupational exposures, smoking, and dietary habits. To some extent, the risk of lung cancer might be explained by confounders such as tobacco smoking and exposure to other occupational carcinogens. The excess risk of stomach cancer may also be explained, at least in part, by non-occupational factors. For bladder and kidney cancers, the excess risks are only suggestive of a true effect because of possible publication bias.
Innovative Methods for Corn Stover Collecting, Handling, Storing and Transporting (2003)

Investigation of innovative methods for collecting, handling, storing, and transporting corn stover for potential use for production of cellulosic ethanol.
Association between Very Low PTH Levels and Poor Survival Rates in Haemodialysis Patients: Results from the French ARNOS Cohort (2010)

In this observational French cohort, VLPL was observed in 10% of prevalent HD patients and was associated with poor survival rates. An inadequate therapeutic strategy could be responsible for this observation. The real consequences of this iatrogenic adynamic bone disease remain hypothetical, but it may be related to the risk of developing vascular calcification. It is hypothesized that a more adequate strategy, using fewer PTH-lowering therapies in cases of VLPL, may help in improving the poor prognosis.
Queueing Methods: For Services and Manufacturing (1991)

1. Introduction. 2. Observation and Measurement. 3. The Arrival Process. 4. Simulation. 5. Steady-State Analysis. 6. Non-Stationary Arrivals. 7. Reducing Delay through Changes in the Service Process. 8. Reducing Delay through the Arrival Process. 9. Queue Discipline. 10. Queuing Networks. 11. Queuing System Design.
Contributions of Phase, Sulfur Vacancies, and Edges to the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Catalytic Activity of Porous Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets (2016)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising nonprecious catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that has been extensively studied due to its excellent performance, but the lack of understanding of the factors that impact its catalytic activity hinders further design and enhancement of MoS2-based electrocatalysts. Here, by using novel porous (holey) metallic 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets synthesized by a liquid-ammonia-assisted lithiation route, we systematically investigated the contributions of crystal structure (phase), edges, and sulfur vacancies (S-vacancies) to the catalytic activity toward HER from five representative MoS2 nanosheet samples, including 2H and 1T phase, porous 2H and 1T phase, and sulfur-compensated porous 2H phase. Superior HER catalytic activity was achieved in the porous 1T phase MoS2 nanosheets that have even more edges and S-vacancies than conventional 1T phase MoS2. A comparative study revealed that the phase serves as the key role in determining the HER performance, as 1T phase MoS2 always outperforms the corresponding 2H phase MoS2 samples, and that both edges and S-vacancies also contribute significantly to the catalytic activity in porous MoS2 samples. Then, using combined defect characterization techniques of electron spin resonance spectroscopy and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to quantify the S-vacancies, the contributions of each factor were individually elucidated. This study presents new insights and opens up new avenues for designing electrocatalysts based on MoS2 or other layered materials with enhanced HER performance.
40.3: One FMM Solution for Achieving Active‐matrix OLED with 413ppi Real Pixel Density (2014)

Abstract We demonstrated a pixel density of 413ppi for active‐matrix OLED (AMOLED) by using one‐FMM‐solution developed based on real stripe‐RGB pixel rendering. The panel achieved a high NTSC ratio of 101% and low reflectivity of ambient light less than 6% without utilization of circular polarizer as well as low power consumption of 190mW with high aperture ratio of 33% for each sup‐pixel and under 30% image loading.
Undergraduate software engineering (1991)

article Undergraduate software engineering: the fruits of experience Share on Author: Bernard John Poole University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, PA University of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, Johnstown, PAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCSE BulletinVolume 23Issue 2June 1991 pp 15–20https://doi.org/10.1145/122106.122109Published:01 May 1991 1citation85DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads85Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The first documented record of Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus for Brazil (2015)

ch breeds across northern Russia, west as far as the border with Scandinavia and east to the Kolyma River, and migrates south to winter, principally on the Indian Ocean fringe, from southern Africa to northern Australia (Hayman et al. 1986). Like many shorebirds it is capable of remarkable feats of va-grancy and has reached the New World on quite a number of occasions, principally Alaska and the offshore islands of the Aleutians and Pribilofs, from where records are apparently annual in recent years (AOU 1998; see Galindo et al. 2004 for a more recent review of Western Hemisphere records). The sole evidence for its occurrence in Brazil is a bird seen and photographed by Mazar Barnett (1997) at Porto Seguro,
Transmit antenna selection for massive MIMO: A knapsack problem formulation (2017)

Massive multiple input multiple output communication is now possible using millimeter wave frequency band. In this paper a transmit antenna selection algorithm is developed which satisfies a quality of service (QoS) for a given user. In order to achieve a particular level of QoS, the number of transmit antennas required is determined by remodeling it as a Knapsack Problem (KP). The smallest subset of antenna elements is found at the transmitter side to achieve the desired level of QoS using KP. Furthermore, we have compared our algorithm with the sorted and unsorted sequential selection algorithm (SSA). Our algorithm achieves similar performance as compared to SSA but with lower computational complexity than the sorted SSA. Moreover, the energy efficiency of our algorithm is similar to that of the sorted SSA but superior to unsorted SSA, as it is not sensitive to the arrangement of the antenna gains.
Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Fat (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Free Fatty Acids in FatIrwin. Hornstein, J. A. Alford, L. E. Elliott, and P. F. CroweCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 4, 540–542Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60160a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60160a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views682Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flow cytometric analysis of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes in a model of immunodeficiency in Wistar rats (2000)

Background We have shown, in a rat model of immunodeficiency, permanent alterations in the thymus and in the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. We observed by immunohistochemistry an increase in the number of γ/δ+ T cells in the gut lamina propria and in the number of CD8α/α+, CD25+, γ/δ+ subpopulations of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL). The aim of the present study was to analyze the isolated rat iIEL by flow cytometry. Materials and Methods Cells from mesenteric lymph nodes were examined in parallel with isolated iIEL. After staining with different antibodies, samples were run on a FACScan flow cytometer. Background staining was evaluated using isotype controls. Data analysis was performed using Lysys II software (Becton Dickinson) and WinMDI 2.3 software. Results 1) CD8α/β populations do not express TCRγ/δ, 2) CD8α/α+ populations express TCRγ/δ, and its percentage is significantly increased in R21, 3) CD8α/β and CD8α/α iIEL express TCRα/β, being the percentage of CD8α/α+ TCRα/β+ iIEL increased and the percentage of CD8α/β+ TCRα/β+ iIEL decreased in R21, and 4) CD8α/α as well as CD8α/β iIEL do express CD25 only in R21. Conclusions Considering the above results, we conclude that there exists an “in situ” origin and extrathymic maturation of the CD8α/α+ iIEL in the intestinal epithelium. The increase of TCRγ/δ+ T cells may be triggered by the carbohydrate dextrin, to provide immune protection and control of inflammation at the intestinal level. Cytometry 41:115–122, 2000 © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microstructural developments of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers during heat treatment process: a review (2014)

Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers prepared by wet or dry-jet wet spinning processes have a notable response to very brief heat treatment (seconds) under tension. The modulus of the as-spun fiber can be greatly affected by the heat treatment conditions (temperature, tension and duration). The crystallite orientation and the fiber modulus will increase by this short-term heating under tension. Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers have a very high molecular orientation (orientation angle 12-20°). Kevlarï and Twaronï fibers are poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers. This review reports for PPTA fibers the heat treatment techniques, devices and its process conditions. It reports in details the structural relationships between the fiber properties which are influenced by the heat treatment process. In particular, focused deeply on the effect of the crystal structure and the morphology of the fibers on the mechanical properties of PPTA fibers.
A Novel Calibration Method of Gain and Time-skew Mismatches for Time-interleaved ADCs Based on Neural Network (2019)

This paper proposes a novel calibration method for time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC). Based on the polyphase derived operation, the spurious signals due to the gain and time-skew mismatches could be compensated with a simple BP neural network (NN). In the proposed calibration structure, a pilot signal is sent to train the neural network and then the sampled signals could be directly calibrated with the trained network. The main advantage is that the proposed method could achieve higher performance without requiring a feedback loop in comparison with the prior works. Numerical simulations have been presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed structure, which shows the proposed method could significantly improve the SNR performance of the TI-ADCs.
Das optische Verhalten der kolloidalen Metalle (1907)

Winkel von 120° mit dem einfallenden
Integrative meta-analysis identifies microRNA-regulated networks in infantile hemangioma (2016)

microRNA-regulated pathways may play a role in infantile hemangioma development and progression and may be potentially useful for future development of novel therapeutic strategies for patients with infantile hemangioma.
Degumming of Persian silk with mixed proteolytic enzymes (2007)

Abstract The feasibility of degumming Persian silk with alcalase, savinase, and mixtures of these enzymes with different alcalase/savinase weight ratios (0/1, 0.25/0.75, 0.5/0.5, 0.75/0.25, and 1/0 g/L) was investigated. The results were compared with those of soap degumming, which is a common silk degumming process. The effectiveness of parameters such as the treatment time, concentration of enzymes, and liquid ratio on degumming was studied. The enzymatic degumming process was performed at 55°C with an operation time of approximately 30 min, whereas the soap degumming process was carried out around the boiling point in 120 min. The evaluation of the data was carried out through the measurement of the weight loss, strength, and elongation of the samples. The optimum amount of sericin removed was 21.52 wt % for alcalase in 30 min, 20.08 wt % for savinase in 60 min, and 22.58 wt % for soap in 120 min. Also, the enzymatic treatment improved properties of the silk yarn such as the strength (33.76 cN/tex for alcalase and 32.03 cN/tex for savinase) and elongation (20.08% for alcalase and 18.42% for savinase). The obtained values were better than the strength (29.90 cN/tex) and elongation (18.59%) from the soap degumming method. Through the use of an enzyme mixture (0.5/0.5 g/L), good weight loss (22.43%), strength (33.22 cN/tex), and elongation (17.74%) were achieved in 30 min. Scanning electron micrographs confirmed and supported the observed data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Evolution and rupture of vulnerable plaques: a review of mechanical effects (2013)

Abstract: Atherosclerosis occurs as a result of the buildup and infiltration of lipid streaks in artery walls, leading to plaques. Understanding the development of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is of critical importance, since plaque rupture can result in heart attack or stroke. Plaques can be divided into two distinct types: those that rupture (vulnerable) and those that are less likely to rupture (stable). In the last few decades, researchers have been interested in studying the influence of the mechanical effects (blood shear stress, pressure forces, and structural stress) on the plaque formation and rupture processes. In the literature, physiological experimental studies are limited by the complexity of in vivo experiments to study such effects, whereas the numerical approach often uses simplified models compared with realistic conditions, so that no general agreement of the mechanisms responsible for plaque formation has yet been reached. In addition, in a large number of cases, the presence of plaques in arteries is asymptomatic. The prediction of plaque rupture remains a complex question to elucidate, not only because of the interaction of numerous phenomena involved in this process (biological, chemical, and mechanical) but also because of the large time scale on which plaques develop. The purpose of the present article is to review the current mechanical models used to describe the blood flow in arteries in the presence of plaques, as well as reviewing the literature treating the influence of mechanical effects on plaque formation, development, and rupture. Finally, some directions of research, including those being undertaken by the authors, are described. Keywords: atherosclerosis, rupture prediction, wall shear stress, structural stress, vulnerable plaques
A Convenient and Single Step Synthesis of Substituted 4H[1,4]-Benzothiazines (1980)

c h l o r o , bromo, m e t h y l , methoxy, e t h o x y ) -, 4-methyl-and 3 -( c h l o r o and methoxy)-
Applications of the Model (1992)

Explanatory power of the concepts developed here when applied to the several forms of memory described by Squire (1987). Terminological confusion in the current memory literature. “Declarative” memory (or LTM) as “uniquely accessible to consciousness” (Squire). Factors influencing the “take” time required for LTM formation. Dissociation of “procedural” from “declarative” learning, as shown in Milner’s Henry.Thompson’s model of cerebellar learning. Single-neuron changes accompanying unilateral stimulation of motor neurons in fetal cord (mouse; in vitro). Temporal characteristics of postural asymmetries established in the cord, and partial blocking of these by NMD A antagonists. The basal ganglia as a regulatory feedback system vis-à-vis the cortex.
Core–shell-like structured graphene aerogel encapsulating paraffin: shape-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage (2014)

A graphene/paraffin composite embedded with a myriad of core–shell-like structures is fabricated and used as a high-performance phase change material.
Heat Transfer in Rotating Serpentine Passages With Smooth Walls (1990)

Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of buoyancy and Coriolis forces on heat transfer in turbine blade internal coolant passages. The experiments were conducted with a large scale, multi–pass, smooth–wall heat transfer model with both radially inward and outward flow. An analysis of the governing flow equations showed that four parameters influence the heat transfer in rotating passages (coolant–to–wall temperature ratio, Rossby number, Reynolds number and radius–to–passage hydraulic diameter ratio). These four parameters were varied over ranges which are typical of advanced gas turbine engine operating conditions. It was found that both Coriolis and buoyancy effects must be considered in turbine blade cooling designs and that the effect of rotation on the heat transfer coefficients was markedly different depending on the flow direction. Local heat transfer coefficients were found to decrease by as much as 60 percent and increase by 250 percent from no rotation levels. Comparisons with a pioneering stationary vertical tube buoyancy experiment showed reasonably good agreement. Correlation of the data is achieved employing dimensionless parameters derived from the governing flow equations.