gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-Hospital and In-Hospital Thoracostomy: Indications and Complications (2008)

Pleural drainage techniques may be complicated and have the potential to cause life-threatening injury. Pre-hospital thoracostomies have the same potential risks as in-hospital procedures and attention must be paid to insertion techniques under difficult scene conditions. In-hospital chest tube placement complication rates remain uncomfortably high, and attention must be placed on training and assessment of staff in this basic procedure.
Effects of training frequency on the dynamics of performance response to a single training bout (2002)

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of an increase in training frequency on exercise-induced fatigue by using a systems model with parameters free to vary over time. Six previously untrained subjects undertook a 15-wk training experiment composed of 1) an 8-wk training period with three sessions per week (low-frequency training), 2) 1 wk without training, 3) a 4-wk training period with five sessions per week [high frequency training (HFT)], and 4) 2 wk without training. The systems input ascribed to training loads was computed from interval exercises and expressed in arbitrary units. The systems output ascribed to performance was evaluated three times each week using maximal power sustained over 5 min. The time-varying parameters of the model were estimated by fitting modeled performances to the measured ones using a recursive least squares method. The variations over time in the model parameters showed an increase in magnitude and duration of fatigue induced by a single training bout. The time needed to recover performance after a training session increased from 0.9 +/- 2.1 days at the end of low-frequency training to 3.6 +/- 2.0 days at the end of HFT. The maximal gain in performance for a given training load decreased during HFT. This study showed that shortening recovery time between training sessions progressively yielded a more persistent fatigue induced by each training.
Switching activity analysis using Boolean approximation method (2002)

This paper presents a novel algorithm to estimate the signal probability and switching activity at all nodes in a combinational logic circuit under a zero-delay model without constructing global BDDs. By using Taylor expansion technique, the first-order signal correlation effects due to reconvergent fan-out nodes are taken into account. High accuracy is achieved by considering the dependency of the signal probability and switching activity on each primary input. High speed is also achieved by using the incremental approach for probability calculation. Our approach is able to handle large circuits, since it does not need to construct global BDDs for the probability calculation. The analysis of the time complexity and the experimental results show the running time of our approach to be about 100 times shorter than that of the most accurate approach previously proposed and that our approach has comparable accuracy. The error of the total power estimation is about 0.5% on average.
Design of a Wireless Power Transfer System using Electrically Coupled Loop Antennas (2015)

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has become quite popular over the recent years. This thesis presents some design challenges while developing a WPT system and describes a system-level methodology for designing an end-to-end system. A critical analysis of contemporary research is performed in the form of a literature survey of both academic and commercial research to understand their benefits and demerits. Some theoretical notes are presented on coupled-mode theory and coupled filter theory and the problems concerning WPT analyzed using these mod-els. The need for higher power transfer efficiency (PTE) and power delivered to load (PDL) is studied using these models. The case for using magnetic antennas over electric antennas when surrounded by lossy media (specifically for the case of human body tissues at various frequen-cies) is made using some theoretical models and simulation results. An Electrically Coupled Loop Antenna (ECLA) is introduced, studied and designed for two main WPT applications, viz. free space transmission and that of powering implanted devices. An equivalent circuit is proposed to better understand the coupling effects of the antennas on a circuit level and to study the effect of various environmental and structural factors on the coupling coefficient.
Monodisperse water-soluble magnetite nanoparticles prepared by polyol process for high-performance magnetic resonance imaging (2007)

A new class of monodisperse water-soluble magnetite nanoparticles was prepared by a simple and inexpensive method based on a polyol process, and their potential as MRI contrast agents was investigated.
A new AMOLED pixel circuit employing a‐Si:H TFTs for high aperture ratio (2005)

Abstract We propose a new pixel design for active matrix organic light emitting diode (AM‐OLED) displays using hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin‐film transistors (a‐Si:H TFTs). The pixel circuit is composed of five TFTs and one capacitor, and employs only one additional control signal line. It is verified by SPICE simulation results that the proposed pixel compensates the threshold voltage shift of the a‐Si:H TFTs and OLED.
Thermal Microwave Processing of Materials (2011)

Practically all kind of materials; namely polymers, metals and ceramics have been heated up with microwaves. There are many reasons for conducting research in this area, microwaves can be applied in vacuum and can be turned on and off in the same way than an electric resistance, but without thermal inertia. Other attributes have been investigated, such as higher efficiency and uniformity in heat transfer and high reaction rates. Researches have reported that processing of materials using microwaves for supplying energy is improved, decreasing the sintering temperature, increasing reaction rate and reducing the activation energy. The term “microwave effect” has emerged from the many serious reports describing a higher reaction rate due to microwave application available in literature; however a satisfactory explanation has not been given because the results that are presented are often extremely specific and can not be applied to other conditions. Some results are controversial because they consider that the energy is not being transferred to the system through conversion of microwave energy into thermal energy. It is assumed that microwaves interact directly with the molecules or atoms in the lattice considering nonthermal activation of processes such as improved atomic diffusion. There are other explanations based on thermodynamic and kinetic effects, given by selective heating of specific reaction components, rapid heating rates and high temperature gradients due to self-generated heat within the sample rather than convection and conduction heat transfer. Good microwave absorbers, meaning materials where microwaves are clearly converted into heat, will not show non-thermal effects. Heating mechanism due to the presence of an electric field in the frequency of 1 up to 300 GHz includes dielectric: dipolar losses, ion jump relaxation, and resistive heating. In ceramics, and especially in semiconductors, it is possible to have dielectric and resistive contributions simultaneously. These materials can be heated with microwaves, but the amount of energy that they absorb limits their application to specific processes, such as synthesis, sintering or some thermal treatment. Many examples of materials showing non-thermal effects of microwaves are taken from these materials. The aim of this book chapter is to show some cases of microwave processing of materials considering the conditions that could explain the “microwave effect” often reported. It is necessary to consider that always that the conditions are changed over a system there will be always an effect over the process; effects where a thermodynamic or kinetic explanation is possible will not be considered as “microwave effect” just as heating water with fire is not considered a “fire effect”.
Epidermal growth factor in human and bovine milk (1992)

The concentration of epidermal growth factor in human and bovine milk was measured by radioreceptor assay. Both human placental plasma membranes and a human epidermoid carcinoma cell were used as the epidermal growth factor receptor source in the assay. The use of placental plasma membrane in the radioreceptor assay gave erroneous results for bovine milk and overestimated the concentration of epidermal growth factor in human milk. Intact cells appear to provide a more accurate measure of the concentration of epidermal growth factor in milk samples. Using A431 cells, we found very low concentrations of epidermal growth factor in bovine milk (less than 2 ng/ml) compared to human milk (30-40 ng/ml). No epidermal growth factor activity was found in several cows' milk-based infant formulas. These results highlight the caution which must be taken when measuring trace substances such as polypeptide growth factors in complex samples such as milk.
[The use of a polyethyleneimine substrate for culturing dissociated cells of the central nervous system]. (1990)

A new method of preparation of polyethylenimin substrate for cultivation of dissociated cells from different parts of the central nervous system is presented. The alcohol solution of polyethylenimin used for this substrate is easily prepared, needs no sterilization and can be stored unlimitedly. The substrate provides a good attachment, growth and differentiation of neurons and glial cells and possesses all the advantages of more expensive polyaminoacid substrates (polylysine, polyornithine). Our substrate is highly adhesive, displays good optical properties and no artefacts after histological and histochemical treatment.
The mechanism of the collision-induced loss of methane from the trimethylsilyl negative ion (1988)

Collisional activation of Me3Si– induces major losses of H˙, H2, and CH4. Loss of H2 forms deprotonated dimethylsilene, ab initio calculations (6-31 + G) indicate the structure of the product to be Me–Si[graphic omitted]. Loss of methane could, in principle, occur by two ionic pathways, viz.(i) by initial formation of an incipient hydride ion which then removes a methyl cation by an SN2 process, or (ii) by formation of a bound methyl anion which effects deprotonation of a methyl group. Ab initio calculations suggest that the latter process is more energetically favoured and that the lowest energy pathways is the concerted route Me3Si–→[Me–(Me2Si)]‡→ MeiCH2+ CH4.
Reference Trajectories From GPS Measurements (1988)

A closed-form solution of the GPS pseudorange equations, an unaided Kalman filter, and an inertially-aided Kalman filter are used with differential GPS postprocessing to produce reference trajectories for evaluation of GPS user-equipment, for evaluation of integrated host vehicle navigation, and for accurate Time Space Position Information over large operating areas. The closed-form solution was developed in a derivation of existence conditions for solutions to GPS pseudorange equations. The derivation is included here as an Appendix. Positions calculated from the closed-form solution are used for starting and monitoring the Kalman filters, and for responding to uploads and constellation changes. Custom interface modules adapt common core modules of the aided Kalman filter to various inertial navigators.
CYRAX——3D Laser Scanning Comes of Age (2001)

This artide introduces the structures and features of new 3D taser scanning system-Cyrax which stand for advanced technology.The thesis shows us the applications of Cyrax and explains some cases with emphsasis.
A Novel Method for Gene-Specific Enhancement of Protein Translation by Targeting 5’UTRs of Selected Tumor Suppressors (2016)

This report represents the first method for gene-specific translation enhancement using selective trans-acting factors designed to target specific 5'UTR cis-acting elements. This simple strategy may be developed further to complement other available methods for gene expression regulation including gene silencing. The dGoligo-mediated translation-enhancing approach has the potential to be transferred to increase the translation efficiency of any suitable target gene and may have future application in gene therapy strategies to enhance expression of proteins including tumor suppressors.
Symbol recognition by error-tolerant subgraph matching between region adjacency graphs (2001)

We propose an error-tolerant subgraph isomorphism algorithm formulated in terms of region adjacency graphs (RAG). A set of edit operations to transform one RAG into another one are defined as regions are represented by polylines and string matching techniques are used to measure their similarity. The algorithm follows a branch and bound approach driven by the RAG edit operations. This formulation allows matching computing under distorted inputs and also reaching a solution in a near polynomial time. The algorithm has been used for recognizing symbols in hand drawn diagrams.
Potentially Modifiable Resident Characteristics That Are Associated With Physical or Verbal Aggression Among Nursing Home Residents With Dementia (2006)

If the associations we have estimated are causal, then treatment of depression, delusions, hallucinations, and constipation may reduce physical aggression among nursing home residents.
Oil Pump Drive Design on a Diesel Engine (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Commonality in engine technology is a basic requirement, taking into account the cost and difficulty of developing new sub-systems. This is especially crucial for the main components of the engines, like oil pump. During the development of a 5 cylinder diesel engine that is produced and developed completely from beginning, that uses the four cylinder version architecture, a unique oil pump has been studied in the beginning of the program. In this study, the design and development of a new oil pump drive system is explained which is supported by lubrication system and component based system dynamics optimization.</div>
Silica Supported Methyltrioxorhenium Complex of γ-(2,2′-Dipyridyl)-aminopropylpolysiloxane as a Novel Catalyst for Epoxidation of Alkenes (1998)

ABSTRACT Silica supported methyltrioxorhenium complex of γ-(2,2′-dipyridyl)-aminopropyl polysiloxane (III) has been synthesized and demonstrated as a novel catalyst of high activity, stability and improved selectivity for epoxidation of alkenes with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature. The catalyst can be recycled at least five times.
Heteroduplex DNA Position Defines the Roles of the Sgs1, Srs2, and Mph1 Helicases in Promoting Distinct Recombination Outcomes (2013)

The contributions of the Sgs1, Mph1, and Srs2 DNA helicases during mitotic double-strand break (DSB) repair in yeast were investigated using a gap-repair assay. A diverged chromosomal substrate was used as a repair template for the gapped plasmid, allowing mismatch-containing heteroduplex DNA (hDNA) formed during recombination to be monitored. Overall DSB repair efficiencies and the proportions of crossovers (COs) versus noncrossovers (NCOs) were determined in wild-type and helicase-defective strains, allowing the efficiency of CO and NCO production in each background to be calculated. In addition, the products of individual NCO events were sequenced to determine the location of hDNA. Because hDNA position is expected to differ depending on whether a NCO is produced by synthesis-dependent-strand-annealing (SDSA) or through a Holliday junction (HJ)-containing intermediate, its position allows the underlying molecular mechanism to be inferred. Results demonstrate that each helicase reduces the proportion of CO recombinants, but that each does so in a fundamentally different way. Mph1 does not affect the overall efficiency of gap repair, and its loss alters the CO-NCO by promoting SDSA at the expense of HJ-containing intermediates. By contrast, Sgs1 and Srs2 are each required for efficient gap repair, strongly promoting NCO formation and having little effect on CO efficiency. hDNA analyses suggest that all three helicases promote SDSA, and that Sgs1 and Srs2 additionally dismantle HJ-containing intermediates. The hDNA data are consistent with the proposed role of Sgs1 in the dissolution of double HJs, and we propose that Srs2 dismantles nicked HJs.
State of the Art in Hadron Therapy (2007)

Charged particle beams offer an improved dose conformation to the target volume as compared to photon radiotherapy, with better sparing of normal tissue structures close to the target. In addition, beams of ions heavier than helium exhibit a strong increase of the Linear Energy Transfer (LET) in the Bragg peak as compared to the entrance region. These physical and biological properties make ion beams more favorable for radiation therapy of cancer than photon beams. As a consequence, particle therapy with protons and heavy ions has gained increasing interest worldwide. This contribution summarizes the physical and biological principles of charged particle therapy with ion beams and highlights some of the developments in the field of beam delivery, the principles of treatment planning and the determination of absorbed dose in ion beams. The clinical experience gathered so far with carbon ion therapy is briefly reviewed.
Searching DNA databases for similarities to DNA sequences: when is a match significant? (1998)

I.Anderson@stud.man.ac.uk; abrass@man.ac.uk
Importance of Particle Size in Aerosol Therapy. (1960)

Comparison of effects of 2 aerosols of the same sympathomimetic drug was made. Administration in the usual therapeutic amount of 1 aerosol produced by standard, commercially available, nebulizer caused tachycardia and blood pressure elevation in 4 normal subjects. The other aerosol from a D-30 generator which previously had been shown to relieve bronchoconstriction (5), when breathed in the same manner, failed to have systemic effects. Lack of undesirable side effects from the latter was presumably due to submicroscopic particles emanating from the D-30 generator. They produced a larger surface area to dose ratio and were able to reach areas in the lung where they are locally most effective even though total dose from generator was 30 times less than from the standard nebulizer for a given number of breaths.
Coliphage   Ghosts Obtained by Osmotic Shock or LiCl Treatment are Devoid of J- and H-Gene Products (1979)

We have proved by acrylamide gel electrophoresis that DNA-free ghosts of bacteriophage lambda obtained by osmotic shock (S-ghosts), or by incubation in 5 M-L-Cl (L-ghosts) do not possess the proteins specified by the genes J and H. Electron microscopy of L-ghosts showed that they are devoid of the whole tail tip, composed of the basal part and the tail fibre. The lack of the J-gene product, which is believed to be the tail fibre, explains why S- and L-ghosts do not adsorb to susceptible bacteria. Our results suggest that the H-gene product, which is modified after translation, is situated in the basal part of the tail.
Experimental Design (2012)

The chapter discusses the three principles of good experimental design-random assignment, replication, and local control-that were championed by Ronald A. Fisher. The chapter also shows how complex experimental designs are constructed from and understood in terms of three simple building block designs: the completely randomized design, randomized block design, and Latin square design. Missing observations and missing cells are common in the behavioral sciences and education. Procedures for dealing with unequal cell n's in randomized block designs and completely randomized factorial designs are illustrated using a regression model and a cell means model. The merits of the two models and the classical model are examined. Researchers sometimes use confounding to reduce the size of blocks or to reduce the number of treatment combinations in an experiment. The advantages and disadvantages of group-treatment confounding in split-plot factorial designs, group-interaction confounding in confounded factorial designs, and treatment-interaction confounding in fractional designs are examined. The chapter discusses a variety of analysis of covariance designs. These designs enable a researcher to (a) remove that portion of the dependent-variable error variance that is predictable from a knowledge of the concomitant variable thereby increasing power and (b) reduce bias by adjusting the dependent variable so that it is free of effects attributable to the concomitant variable.
Exposing Computer Generated Images by Eye’s Region Classification via Transfer Learning of VGG19 CNN (2017)

The advance of computer graphics techniques comes revolutionizing games and movie's industries. Creating very realistic characters totally from computer graphics models is, nowadays, a reality. However, this advance comes with a big price: the realism of images is so big that it is difficult to realize when we are facing a computer generated image or a real photo. In this paper we propose a new approach for highly realistic computer generated images detection by exploring inconsistencies into the region of the eyes. Such inconsistencies are captured exploring the expression power of features extracted via transfer learning approach with VGG19 Deep Neural Network model. Unlike the state-of-the-art approaches, which looks to evaluate the entire image, proposed method focuses in specific regions (eyes) where computer graphics modeling still needs improvements. Experiments conducted over two different datasets containing extremely realistic images achieved an accuracy of 0.80 and an AUC of 0.88.
Statistical challenges in the development and evaluation of marker-based clinical tests (2012)

Exciting new technologies for assessing markers in human specimens are now available to evaluate unprecedented types and numbers of variations in DNA, RNA, proteins, or biological structures such as chromosomes. These markers, whether viewed individually, or collectively as a 'signature', have the potential to be useful for disease risk assessment, screening, early detection, prognosis, therapy selection, and monitoring for therapy effectiveness or disease recurrence. Successful translation from basic research findings to clinically useful test requires basic, translational, and regulatory sciences and a collaborative effort among individuals with varied types of expertise including laboratory scientists, technology developers, clinicians, statisticians, and bioinformaticians. The focus of this commentary is the many statistical challenges in translational marker research, specifically in the development and validation of marker-based tests that have clinical utility for therapeutic decision-making.
Automatic Detection and Classification of Buried Objects in GPR Images Using Genetic Algorithms and Support Vector Machines (2008)

This work presents a novel pattern recognition approach for the automatic analysis of ground penetrating radar (GPR) images. The developed system comprises pre-processing, segmentation, object detection and material recognition stages. Object detection is done using an innovative unsupervised strategy based on genetic algorithms (GA) that allows to localize linear/hyperbolic patterns in GPR images. Object material recognition is approached as a classification issue, which is solved by means of a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Results on synthetic images show that the proposed system exhibits promising performances both in terms of object detection and material recognition.