gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transformation of Fusarium proliferatum with the green fluorescent protein gene (2010)

Fusarium proliferatum was the causal agent of malformation of mango in China,a persistent and economically important disease in worldwide mango growing areas.The paper described the transformation of this fungus with the construct (pCT74) containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP).Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) mediated transformation of protoplast of the fungus yielded mitotically stable transformants with no change in virulence on mango plants in comparison to the wild type.These transformants would be critical tools for elucidating fungal penetration mode of host plants,invasive growth,and the nature of its host association.
Observations of tear film break up on model eyes. (1991)

Models of the human eye's anterior surface were constructed from polymethylmethacrylate. Some models had a rigid gas permeable contact lens cemented to the corneal apex; others had strips of plastic or metal cemented at the location of the lids in the open human eye. When the level of water was lowered in the bath surrounding the upward-gazing eye model, tear film break up could be observed. Covering the model with mucin (from saliva) changed the pattern of tear film break up. On the mucin-covered model eye, the tear film break up resembled break up observed in the human eye. These studies on model eyes suggest that tear film break up occurs when tension in the tear film becomes greater than the tensile strength of the film. The mucin layer reduces the thickness of the tear film at break up and the thickness of the retreating film.
Evaluation of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae Qu-M845 Isolate to Control Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae) in Laboratory and Field Trials (2009)

The effectiveness of the Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschinkoff) Qu-M845 isolate was evaluated in laboratory and field trials. It was previously selected for thermal resistance (at 30 and 35 C) and pathogenicity on Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman). In the laboratory, the first evaluations were carried out by spraying and increasing the concentration from zero to 10 8 conidia mL -1 on varroa adults. Lethal concentrations required for 50 and 90% mite mortality (LC50 and LC90) were 3.8 x 10 5 and 8 x 10 7 conidia mL -1 , respectively ( 2 = 2.03). In the autumn field trials, three application methods (doses of 5 x 10 10 conidia per hive) were evaluated. The treatments were: a) conidia stamped on filter paper, located on every second frame inside the hive; b) dry conidia sprinkled on and between frames; and c) dry conidia in a dispenser path at the entrance of the hive. Furthermore, untreated hives were included as controls. After 21 days of treatment, the dry conidia sprinkled on and between frames showed 67% less bees infested by the mite than the control (p < 0.05). Average bee mortality observed was significantly different between treatments (p < 0.05). The sprinkled dry conidia caused the highest mortality of bees. In spring, this treatment produced increased mite mortality and without bee mortality. These results demonstrated that it is possible to develop a biological insecticide based on this isolate to generate an alternative to control V. destructor.
Road Damage Detection and Classification using YOLOv5 on an Android Device (2022)

Abstract: Most of the rural or the urban municipalities and road authorities have hard times to map the surface damages caused due to various reasons such as heavy rains, natural calamities or other factors which lead to cracks and holes to appear on the surface of the roads. These organisations or private entities look out for solutions to implement automated methods of reporting damages on a surface of the road. In most cases, they lack the technology required for the purpose of mapping the damages on the roads. One of the biggest problems for commuters is that they have to face a lot of damaged sections of road which leads to frequent reduction of the speed at which they travel, wasting a lot of time and effort from the riders perspective, which thereby increases the travel time to their destinations. Damage to the road can be fatal many times when travelling at higher speed and all of a sudden meeting a damaged part of the road. Moreover, commuters are at more risk while driving at night time due to improper visibility of the damage to a part of the road. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning has the potential to make traffic more efficient, ease traffic congestion in most parts of the road network in an urban or rural area, reduce driver's time and efforts. As AI helps to keep road traffic flowing, it can also enhance the efficiency of fuel consumption to an extent which are caused by vehicles idling when stationary and improve air quality of a city and urban planning for road networks. Moreover, it has the potential to detect frequent congestion and the reason behind it and also propose a solution for the same. Most of the time these congestion are caused by damages to the road making the commuters travel at a much lesser speed than what is recommended.
Aging-Induced Stem Cell Mutations as Drivers for Disease and Cancer (2015)

Aging is characterized by a decrease in genome integrity, impaired organ maintenance, and an increased risk of cancer, which coincide with clonal dominance of expanded mutant stem and progenitor cell populations in aging tissues, such as the intestinal epithelium, the hematopoietic system, and the male germline. Here we discuss possible explanations for age-associated increases in the initiation and/or progression of mutant stem/progenitor clones and highlight the roles of stem cell quiescence, replication-associated DNA damage, telomere shortening, epigenetic alterations, and metabolic challenges as determinants of stem cell mutations and clonal dominance in aging.
Bistatic radar using satellite-borne illuminators of opportunity (1992)

Over the past decade or more, there has been much interest in the possibilities of bistatic or multistatic radar for surveillance purposes, and the potential advantages of these techniques are well-known. A possibility is to attempt to make use of 'illuminators of opportunity', i.e. transmissions present for other purposes and with favourable location, power level and modulation. The objective of the work described is to extend the idea to the use of satellite-borne illuminators of opportunity, and to explore their use for various types of surveillance application. For the purposes of this work, direct broadcast by satellite television (DBS TV) transmissions are employed, though this does not necessarily rule out other forms of satellite-borne transmissions. The authors evaluate the performance of the radar using a simple model with which they compare experimental results. In particular they give consideration to the suitability of TV waveforms for radar operation.
Time-variant regularization in affine projection algorithms (2013)

We propose a time-variant regularization in affine projection algorithms, where we update the regularization parameter with a gradient method using a momentum term parametrized by a momentum rate. To further improve the convergence properties of the algorithm in transient stages while ensuring a small final misadjustment, we adaptively estimate the momentum parameter. Then, we prove both the weak and strong convergence of the adaptive regularization. We apply the newly proposed algorithm to water quality data for prediction purposes, where we show that the developed algorithm outperforms existing time-varying regularization approaches.
Natural proteins: Sources, isolation, characterization and applications (2013)

Worldwide, plant protein contributes substantially as a food resource because it contains essential amino acids for meeting human physiological requirements. However, many versatile plant proteins are used as medicinal agents as they are produced by using molecular tools of biotechnology. Proteins can be obtained from plants, animals and microorganism cells. The abundant economical proteins can be obtained from plant seeds. These natural proteins are obtained by isolation procedures depending on the physicochemical properties of proteins. Isolation and purification of single protein from cells containing mixtures of unrelated proteins is achievable due to the physical and chemical attributes of proteins. The following characteristics are unique to each protein: Amino acid composition, sequence, subunit structures, size, shape, net charge, isoelectric point, solubility, heat stability and hydrophobicity. Based on these properties, various methods of isolation exist, like salting out and isoionic precipitation. Purification of proteins is quiet challenging and, therefore, several approaches like sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and chromatography are available. Characterization of proteins can be performed by mass spectrometry/liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The amino acid sequence of a protein can be detected by using tandem mass spectrometry. In this article, a review has been made on the sources, isolation, purification and characterization of natural proteins.
A Versatile Approach for the Site‐Specific Modification of Recombinant Antibodies Using a Combination of Enzyme‐Mediated Bioconjugation and Click Chemistry (2015)

A unique two-step modular system for site-specific antibody modification and conjugation is reported. The first step of this approach uses enzymatic bioconjugation with the transpeptidase Sortase A for incorporation of strained cyclooctyne functional groups. The second step of this modular approach involves the azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction. The versatility of the two-step approach has been exemplified by the selective incorporation of fluorescent dyes and a positron-emitting copper-64 radiotracer for fluorescence and positron-emission tomography imaging of activated platelets, platelet aggregates, and thrombi, respectively. This flexible and versatile approach could be readily adapted to incorporate a large array of tailor-made functional groups using reliable click chemistry whilst preserving the activity of the antibody or other sensitive biological macromolecules.
Erdöl und Erdgas (1984)

Erdöle und Erdgase sind Gemische verschiedenartiger Kohlenwasserstoffe, deren Moleküle im wesentlichen aus Kohlenstoff (C) und Wasserstoff (H), vereinzelt mit Stickstoff-, Sauerstoff-und Schwefel-Verbindungen aufgebaut sind. Bei entsprechenden Druck-und Temperaturbedingungen können sie vom flüssigen in den gasförmigen Zustand oder umgekehrt überführt werden. In natürlichen Vorkommen treten sie gasförmig, flüssig, pastenartig oder fest auf. In der gleichen Reihenfolge steigt ihre Viskosität und ihre Molekülgröße an.
PRICE CHANGES AND THE COMPOSITION OF THE SWEET POTATO PACK (1990)

Demand and Price Analysis
Distributed Capacitive Sensors for Partial Discharge Detection and Defective Region Identification in Power Transformers (2017)

Analyzing of detected partial discharge (PD) signals is a reliable technique to assess the electrical insulation in power transformers. In order to detect and locate the PD sources in power transformers, some distributed simple fine sensors are proposed and used, which are made by a few turns of thin enameled copper wire wrapped around the transformer core. They are distributed sensors, which sense PD voltage signals through capacitive coupling with the transformer windings. Two methods, including broadband and limited-band PD signal analyzing, are considered to identify defective phase and/or region on that phase through the proposed distributed sensors outputs. Transfer functions of these sensors are obtained and it is experimentally shown that although defective phase can be diagnosed, the expected priority to identify defective region is not regarded in broadband analysis, while a suitable limited frequency band can be found to achieve this aim. The idea is implemented on a sample transformer by injecting artificial PD signals to different high-voltage winding sections. The results show that not only PD signals can be detected through the mentioned sensors with high sensitivity, but also defective phase can be diagnosed using broadband analysis. Moreover, defective region can be accurately identified by limited-band analysis.
Using Cloud–Based Web Application for Universityes: A Case of University of Technology in Iraq (2014)

The aim of this project is to design Cloud-based web App prototype system for University of Technology (UTC) in Iraq. This system enables online application to be available via a web site page like Microsoft office, Pixlr (online image editor), Google drive …etc. By developing this project, it helps Iraqi universities as a solution to reduce the cost of information technology requirements, provision the time and ease to use for education in Iraqi universities. Also it will create of specialized units to develop knowledge and contribute to solving the problems faced by the education sector of Iraqi universities in general. Moreover, the use of UTC system will reduce the demand for human resources, because it does not require a large number of management or maintenance if any problem occurring in the cloud. Also, it will help the student to communicate remotely with the university and lecturers. The Vaishnavi Research Methodology was adopted in this project with its five stages, which includes: Awareness of problem, Suggestion (integrated with System Development Methodology), Development (integrated with Object Oriented Development Life Cycle approach), Evaluation, and Conclusion is used to design the prototype. According to the requirements are collected through the data gathering the prototype model is proposed, and the system is designed. Furthermore, the prototype was evaluated by using SUS questionnaire and the usability results was presented and discussed as well.
Youth Justice Conferences versus Children's Court: A comparison of re-offending (2012)

Aim: To compare re-offending between young people processed in NSW with a Youth Justice Conference and those eligible for a conference but processed in the Children's Court. Method: Using propensity score matching, young persons whose offending was allocated to be dealt with by a Youth Justice Conference in 2007 were matched to those who were eligible for a conference but who were referred to Children's Court in 2007. These samples were then compared on various re-offending outcomes both without and with adjustment for potential covariates. Both intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses were conducted. For the intention-to-treat analyses, all young persons allocated a conference not just those who completed their conference outcome plan where included in the conference group. While for the as-treated analyses only young persons who completed their conference outcome plan where included in the conference group. Inverse probabilities of treatment weightings were also applied to estimate the effect of conferencing on re-offending. Results: After adjusting for other factors in the intention-to-treat analyses, no significant differences were found between conference and court participants in the proportion re-offending, the seriousness of their re-offending, the time to the first proven re-offence or the number of proven re-offences. Non-significant results were obtained regardless of whether the definition of re-offending included or excluded justice procedures offences. In the as-treated analyses, the results were similar. Conclusion: The evidence strongly suggests that the conference regime established under the NSW Young Offenders Act (1997) is no more effective than the NSW Children's Court in reducing juvenile re-offending among young persons eligible for a conference.
Reconfigurable Transmitarray Antennas (2012)

Transmitarrays have been shown to be viable architectures for achieving high-directivity reconfigurable apertures. The existing work on reconfigurable transmitarrays is sparse, with only a few experimental demonstrations of reconfigurable implementations. Furthermore, of the designs that have been presented, different approaches have been proposed, but the advantages and drawbacks of these approaches have not been compared. Therefore, in this thesis we present a systematic study of the different approaches to designing reconfigurable transmitarrays, and present designs following these approaches with experimental validation. First, we investigate the distributed-scatterer approach, which is modeled with layers of identical scattering surfaces. We characterize the beamforming capabilities and then present a Method of Moments technique for analyzing and optimizing designs that follow this approach. Then, we present experimental results for a unit cell with varactor-loaded dipoles following this approach. From these results, we demonstrate that the structure thickness following this approach is problematic for beamforming applications. Taking the coupled-resonator approach, we next present a slot-coupled patch design that is significantly thinner and easier to fabricate than designs that follow the first approach. Implementing this design in a fully reconfigurable transmitarray, we demonstrate two-dimensional beamforming. An advantage of this design is that it can also operate as a reflectarray. Next, following the guided-wave approach, we present a transmitarray design that uses a bridged-T phase shifter and proximity-coupled differentially-fed stacked patches. Not only does this design not require vias, it is has a large fractional bandwidth of 10 percent, which is unprecedented in reconfigurable transmitarrays. Implementing this design in a full transmitarray, we experimentally demonstrate reconfigurable two-dimensional beamsteering, as well as shaped-beam synthesis. The main contributions of this thesis are two-fold. First, we thoroughly and systematically compare the transmitarray approaches, which has not been previously done in literature. Secondly, we experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable array design that achieves better bandwidth, scan angle range, and beam-shaping capability, than existing designs, with reduced fabrication complexity and physical profile.
MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY WITH OPTOGALVANIC DETECTION (1983)

The past ten years of accomplishment in the use of laser optogalvanic techniques for the spectroscopy of molecules is reviewed in this report. From a curiousity at first only able to reproduce the results of classical absorption experiments, the laser optogalvanic (LOG) methods have emerged as the most powerful and versatile of the new procedures that are now revolutionizing molecular spectroscopy. Most of these are described in more detail in the following manuscripts. The one in which our laboratory has specialized is reviewed here. In this work the use of optogalvanic techniques in the study of the state-selective photolysis of simple molecules is discussed.
Current Concepts of the Genesis of Heart Sounds (1978)

IMPORTANT advances in the understanding of heart sound production have been made in recent years. The work of Aldo A. Luisada, MD, and James A. Shaver, MD, and their respective co-workers has been particularly fertile; Pravin M. Shah, MD, Ernest Craige, MD, and Robert J. Adolph, MD, also have made major contributions. This communication summarizes current concepts of heart sound genesis; areas of unresolved controversy remain, and additional research may further modify our present thinking. <h3>A UNIFIED CONCEPT</h3> Most investigators now agree that all four cardiac sounds result from vibrations of cardiac structures produced by acceleration and deceleration of the blood mass.<sup>1</sup>This view, first emphasized by Robert F. Rushmer, MD, stresses that the muscle mass of the left ventricle (LV), the cardiac skeleton, the valves, and the great vessels are all set into vibration by the momentum and velocity of the fluid-filled elastic system during phases of the
THE EFFECT OF VARYING THE AMOUNT OF REALISTIC DETAIL IN VISUAL ILLUSTRATIONS DESIGNED TO COMPLEMENT PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION (1969)

Abstract This experiment was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of eight types of visual illustrations used to complement programmed instruction. The various types of visual illustrations were evaluated in terms of their ability to improve student achievement on five criterion measures. 175 freshmen students at the Pennsylvania State University were randomly assigned to one of the nine treatment groups. Each student received a pre‐test, participated in his respective programmed presentation and received four individual criterion measures. The results indicate that some types of visuals are more effective than others in facilitating student achievement of specific educational objectives. The analyses also indicated that the addition of colour in specific types of illustrations is an important instructional variable to be used in increasing student achievement of specific educational objectives.
[Establishment of nucleophosmin gene silenced HL-60 and its resistant cell line]. (2011)

This study was aimed to construct model cell line of NPM1-RNAi in HL-60 cells and its resistant line (HL-60/ADR) so as to provide a experimental basis for investigating the potential role of NPM1 gene in leukemia drug resistance. The shRNA targeting to NPM1 was ligated into linear pGCSIL-GFP vector, and transformed into E.coli DH5α. Positive clone was identified by PCR and DNA sequencing. pHelper 1.0, pHelper 2.0 and pGCSIL-GFP-NPM1-shRNA were cotransformed into 293T cells by lentivirus vector system. NPM1-RNAi-LV was transfected into HL-60 and HL-60/ADR cell lines. The efficiency of NPM-RNAi-LV was detected by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot. The results showed that the recombinant eukaryotic expression vector pGCSIL-GFP-NPM1-shRNA was constructed. pGCSIL-GFP-NPM1-shRNA was packed into NPM1-RNAi-LV by lentivirus vector system, and transfected into HL-60 and HL-60/ADR cell lines. At mRNA level, the efficiency of NPM1 mRNA knockdown was more than 90% (p < 0.05). At protein level, obvious down-regulation of NPM protein was noted, indicating that NPM1 gene in HL-60 and HL-60/ADR cell lines was knocked down after transfected with NPM1-RNAi-LV. The resistance of HL-60/ADR cell line to adriamycin decreased to a certain degree after NPM1 gene silencing. It is concluded that the model cell lines of NPM1-RNAi in HL-60 and HL-60/ADR are successfully constructed, which can be used for investigating the potential role of NPM1 gene in drug resistance of leukemia.
Corporate Commitment to Global Quality of Life Issues: Do Slack Resources, Industry Affiliations, and Multinational Headquarters Matter? (2008)

Global markets challenge multinational corporations to harmonize quality of life (QOL) commitments across a broad spectrum of stakeholders with different corporate responsibility perspectives. Few studies have examined strategic planning issues associated with international quality of life (IQOL). This research investigates the importance of slack resources, industry affiliation, and multinational headquarter location (U.S. or non-U.S.) on commitment to societal and individual QOL for Fortune U.S. and global companies. Content analysis of corporate mission statements provides the vehicle for assessing QOL commitment. Models are estimated using logistic regression with instrumental variables included to address potential problems with simultaneity between QOL commitment and return on assets, a proxy for slack resources. Findings include a positive and significant relationship between environmental QOL commitment and slack resources as well as industry and cultural differences in QOL commitment issues.