gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oligomers of ERBB3 Have Two Distinct Interfaces That Differ in Their Sensitivity to Disruption by Heregulin (2004)

ErbB receptors associate in a ligand-dependent or -independent manner, and overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (ErbB1) or ErbB2 results in ligand-independent activation. Ligand-independent activation is poorly understood, and dimerization alone is not sufficient for activation. ErbB receptors also form higher order oligomers, but the mechanism of oligomer formation and their contribution to signaling are not known. The kinase-deficient ErbB3 as well as its extracellular domains are particularly prone to ligand-independent oligomerization, and oligomers are destabilized by binding of the ligand heregulin. In contrast, ligand binding facilitates heterodimerization with ErbB2 and is expected to stabilize an extended conformation of the ErbB3 extracellular domain (ECD) in which the dimerization interface is exposed. In the absence of ligand, ErbB3 can adopt a closed conformation that is held together by an intramolecular tether. We used a constitutively extended form of the ErbB3-ECD to analyze the conformation of the ECD in oligomers and the mechanism of oligomer disruption by heregulin. The extended conformation of the ECD forms oligomers more readily, suggesting the crystallographically defined dimer interface is one of the interfaces involved in oligomerization. Heregulin destabilizes oligomeric complexes but not dimers, which are neither stabilized nor disrupted by ligand binding, indicating a distinct second interface in oligomers of ErbB3. Cross-linking and activation studies on membrane-embedded ErbB3/ErbB2 chimeras confirm this dual effect of heregulin. Most of the ErbB3-ECD on the cell surface is apparently kept in an open conformation through oligomerization, and the resulting oligomers adopt a conformation representing a state of reduced activity.
Bruchid Oviposition Patterns Beneath Guanacaste Trees (Mimosaceae) in Venezuela: Probable Consequences of Extinct Seed Dispersers (1996)

David H. Siemens, Clarence Dan Johnson, Bruchid Oviposition Patterns Beneath Guanacaste Trees (Mimosaceae) in Venezuela: Probable Consequences of Extinct Seed Dispersers, Biotropica, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Mar., 1996), pp. 96-104
Synthesis and characterization of low‐viscosity fluoropolyether‐based segmented oligomers (1995)

Abstract Six oligomeric polyols having a common perfluoropolyether chain end‐capped by different hydrogenated segments containing hydroxylic groups were synthesized and their properties described. The general scheme for the synthesis of these polyols involved the etherification of the fluoropolyether diol precursor (ZDOL) with epoxides or dibromoalkanes. The former reaction gave directly the polyolic derivatives, while the latter yielded the fluorinated dibromoderivative which could be converted to polyols through the reaction with malonate and final reduction. The viscosity of these oligomers was measured and its dependence on temperature, solvent concentration and hydroxylic end‐groups content was established. The exceptionally low T g and viscosity together with the good miscibility with common solvents make these polyols very interesting as “resins” suitable for high‐solid coatings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphepines and Application in Asymmetric Catalysis (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Limited Correlation between Expansin Gene Expression and Elongation Growth Rate (2000)

The aim of this work was to study the role of the cell wall protein expansin in elongation growth. Expansins increase cell wall extensibility in vitro and are thought to be involved in cell elongation. Here, we studied the regulation of two tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Moneymaker) expansin genes, LeExp2 and LeExp18, in rapidly expanding tissues. LeExp2 was strongly expressed in the elongation zone of hypocotyls and in the faster growing stem part during gravitropic stimulation. LeExp18 expression did not correlate with elongation growth. Exogenous application of hormones showed a substantial auxin-stimulation of LeExp2 mRNA in etiolated hypocotyls and a weaker auxin-stimulation of LeExp18 mRNA in stem tissue. Analysis of transcript accumulation revealed higher levels of LeExp2 and LeExp18 in light-treated, slow-growing tissue than in dark-treated, rapidly elongating tissue. Expansin protein levels and cell wall extension activities were similar in light- and dark-grown hypocotyl extracts. The results show a strong correlation between expansin gene expression and growth rate, but this correlation is not absolute. We conclude that elongation growth is likely to be controlled by expansin acting in concert with other factors that may limit growth under some physiological conditions.
Wysokoobjętościowa ciągła żylno-żylna hemofiltracja jako leczenie wspomagające uporczywego wstrząsu po operacji serca w krążeniu pozaustrojowym. Opis przypadku (2008)

Znacznego stopnia aktywacja reakcji zapalnej wraz
z niedokrwieniem mieśnia sercowego nalezą do najistotniejszych
czynnikow prowadzących do ostrej
niewydolności krązenia po operacjach serca. Wysokie
stezenia prozapalnych cytokin odpowiadają
nie tylko za obnizenie systemowego oporu naczyniowego
i zwiekszoną przepuszczalnośc środblonkow,
ale wykazują takze silne dzialanie inotropowo
ujemne. Niezaleznie od prawdziwości tezy o skutecznej
i znaczącej klinicznie eliminacji prozapalnych
cytokin podczas wysokoobjetościowej hemofiltracji,
wyniki badan eksperymentalnych i klinicznych
jednoznacznie wskazują, ze podczas hemofiltracji
w sepsie i innych stanach przebiegających ze
znaczną aktywacją reakcji zapalnej obserwuje sie
zmniejszenie zapotrzebowania na środki wazopresyjne.
Autorzy przedstawiają przypadek pacjenta we wstrząsie po operacji wszczepienia protezy zastawki
aortalnej i wykonania pomostow wiencowych,
u ktorego po rozpoczeciu wysokoobjetościowej
zylno-zylnej hemofiltracji zaobserwowano stabilizacje
funkcji ukladu krązenia, zmniejszenie zapotrzebowania
na katecholaminy i wyrownanie kwasicy
mleczanowej. Leczenie za pomocą hemofiltracji zostalo
rozpoczete, zanim stwierdzono u chorego
obecnośc kryteriow ostrego uszkodzenia nerek wedlug
skali RIFLE. Rekomendowanie wysokoobjetościowej
hemofiltracji jako leczenia wspomagającego
we wstrząsie dystrybucyjnym po operacjach
kardiochirurgicznych wymaga potwierdzenia skuteczności
takiego postepowania w randomizowanym
badaniu klinicznym.
Cytochrome <i>bd</i> biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: the sequences of the <i>cydC</i> and <i>cydD</i> genes suggest that they encode the components of an ABC membrane transporter (1993)

At least four genes are known to affect formation of the cytochrome bd-type terminal oxidase of Escherichia coli. In addition to the genes (cydA and cydB) encoding the two constituent subunits of this complex, a further two genes (cydC and cydD) map near 19 min on the E. coli chromosome. We report here the cloning of both genes on a 5.3 kb ClaI-HindIII restriction fragment, which, when used to transform either a cydC or cydD mutant, restored the ability of these mutants to grow on a selective medium containing azide and zinc ions and also restored the spectral signals associated with the cytochrome components of the oxidase complex. A subcloned 1.8 kb DdeI fragment similarly restored growth and cytochrome content of a cydD mutant, but not a cydC mutant. The complete nucleotide sequence of the ClaI-HindIII fragment reveals three open reading frames, one being trxB (19.3 min on the E. coli chromosome map, encoding thioredoxin reductase), confirming the mapping position of cydD previously established by P1-mediated transduction. Two ORFs identified by complementation experiments as cydD and cydC encode proteins with predicted molecular masses, respectively, of 65103 and 62 946 Da. The hydropathy profile of each protein reveals an N-terminal hydrophobic domain and a C-terminal hydrophilic domain containing a putative nucleotide-binding site. The gene products probably constitute an ABC (ATP-binding cassette) family membrane transporter, the function of which is necessary for the formation of the cytochrome bd quinol oxidase. The CydDC system appears to be the first prokaryotic example of a heterodimeric ABC transport system in which each polypeptide contains both hydrophobic and ATP-binding domains.
Clinical Analyzers. Microbiology (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTClinical Analyzers. MicrobiologyC. Lars Mouritsen and David R. HillyardView Author Information Molecular Pathology Laboratory, ARUP Laboratories, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 1999, 71, 12, 366–372Publication Date (Web):May 20, 1999Publication History Published online20 May 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/a19999123https://doi.org/10.1021/a19999123review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views210Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Genetics,Nucleic acids,Peptides and proteins,Probes,Testing and assessment Get e-Alerts
Capacity Evaluation of Various Multiuser MIMO Schemes in Downlink Cellular Environments (2006)

Presented in this paper is a study of the capacity evaluation of various multiuser MIMO schemes in cellular environments. The throughputs per user of the generalized zero-forcing with rank adaptation and vector perturbation schemes are compared with the capacity bound of the Gaussian MIMO broadcast channel, obtained by dirty paper coding under proportional fairness scheduling. The average cell throughputs of these schemes are also compared. From these comparisons, this study provides vital information for applying multiuser MIMO schemes in multicell environments
Role of Plate Thickness as a Cause of Dysphagia After Anterior Cervical (2007)

Long-term postoperative dysphagia in Group I patients and the lack of a difference in rates of dysphagia between group I and group II, made it improbable plate thickness of 2 mm or prominence between 3 and 7 mm consistently played roles in dysphagia. Preoperative osteophyte height did not predict which patients developed postoperative dysphagia. Plates at the C3 and shorter constructs trended to have higher rates of dysphagia.
Steady-State Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Posaconazole in Lung Transplant Recipients (2010)

This prospective study evaluated the plasma and intrapulmonary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PKPD) of posaconazole (POS) in lung transplant recipients. Twenty adult lung transplant patients were instructed to take a 400-mg POS oral suspension twice daily (BID) with a high-fat meal for a total of 14 doses. Pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) and alveolar cell (AC) samples were obtained via bronchoalveolar lavage, and blood samples were collected at the approximate time of bronchoscopy. POS concentrations were assayed using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. The maximum concentrations (C(max)) (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) in plasma, ELF, and AC were 1.3 +/- 0.4, 1.3 +/- 1.7, and 55.4 +/- 44.0 microg/ml. POS concentrations in plasma, ELF, and AC did not decrease significantly, indicating slow elimination after multiple dosing. Mean concentrations of POS in plasma, ELF, and AC were above the MIC(90) (0.5 microg/ml) for Aspergillus species over the 12-h dosing interval and for 24 h following the last dose. Area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC(0-12))/MIC(90) ratios in plasma, ELF, and AC were 21.98, 22.42, and 1,060. We concluded that a dose of 400 mg BID resulted in sustained plasma, ELF, and AC concentrations above the MIC(90) for Aspergillus spp. during the dosing interval. Confirmation of the therapeutic value of these observations requires further investigation. The intrapulmonary PKPD of POS may be favorable for treatment or prevention of aspergillosis, although further research on the relevant PKPD parameters and the effect of POS protein binding is required.
RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION of CYLINDRICAL PARTICLES IN A CURVED SECTION of A HOLDING TUBE: the EFFECT of PARTICLE SIZE and FLOW RATE<sup>1</sup> (1995)

The residence time and the residence time distributions of cylindrical particles (density 1130 kg/m 3 and particle concentration 20% v/v) in a U‐bend of 22 cm radius of curvature were studied. All experiments were conducted at room temperature and with an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (0.5% CMC) as the carrier medium. Two levels of particle size (11 and 20 mm) and three levels of product flow rates (0.66 × 10 −3 , 0.81 × 10 −3 , and 0.97 × 10 −3 m 3 /s) were used. the results obtained from this study showed that the mean and the standard deviation of the normalized residence time of particles decreased as either particle size or flow rate was increased. the E(θ) and F(θ) curves indicated that flow profile of particles approached the plug flow profile as the particle size or the flow rate was increased. Results obtained from regression analyses revealed that the mean and the standard deviation of the normalized residence time were significantly influenced by particle Froude number and most strongly by particle‐to‐tube diameter ratio.
Expression of metalloproteinases endometrial stromal sarcoma: immunohistochemical study using image analysis. (1999)

AIM: To investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), a group of proteolytic enzymes with a central role in extracellular matrix invasion and degradation, in stromal sarcomas. METHODS: 11 endometrial stromal sarcomas (four low grade tumours, seven high grade) were stained for MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 using immunohistochemical stains. The surgical material consisted of nine hysterectomy specimens and two pelvic recurrences. Three hysterectomy specimens, removed for leiomyomas, were studied as controls. Staining area was evaluated using image analysis. RESULTS: Age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 21 to 67 years. Four of the 11 patients (three with high grade tumours and one with a low grade tumour) died of the disease, six remained free of disease, and one was lost to follow up. Staining for MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 was more diffuse in high grade tumours than in low grade tumours and controls. Staining for MMP-3 and MMP-9 was more pronounced in high grade than in low grade tumours (p = 0.04; p = 0.05). Staining for MMP-9 was significantly greater in all stromal sarcomas than in controls (p < 0.001 for high grade tumours v controls; p < 0.01 for low grade tumours v controls). Diffuse staining for MMP-2, exceeding 90% of the tumour area, was observed in three of seven high grade tumours but in no low grade tumours. There was no apparent correlation between staining for any of the three enzymes and survival. CONCLUSIONS: Both low and high grade endometrial stromal tumours express matrix metalloproteinases. MMP-3 and MMP-9 are expressed more diffusely in high grade than in low grade tumours. In the individual case, diffuse staining for MMP-2 appears to best characterise the high grade tumours. Thus staining for MMP-2 may aid in differentiating high grade from low grade tumours, and MMP-9 in differentiating normal endometrial stroma from low and high grade endometrial stromal sarcomas. MMP expression does not appear to predict disease outcome in endometrial stromal sarcoma.
Current Trends in Knowledge Acquisition (1990)

Knowledge acquisition has become a major area of artificial intelligence and cognitive science research. The papers in this book show that the area of knowledge acquisition for knowledge-based systems is still a diverse field in which a large number of research topics are being addressed. However, several main themes run through the papers. First, the issue of integrating knowledge from different sources and tools is a sallent topic in many papers. A second major topic in the papers is that of knowledge modelling. Research in knowledge-based systems emphasizes the use of generic models of reasoning and its underlying knowledge. An important trend in the area of knowledge modelling aims at the formalization of knowledge models. Where the field of knowledge acquisition was without tools and techniques years ago, now there is a rapidly growing body of techniques and tools. Apart from the integrated workbenches already mentioned above, several papers in this book present new tools. Although knowledge acquisition and machine learning have been considered as separate subfields of AI, there is a tendency for the two fields to come together. This publication combines machine learning techniques with more conventional knowledge elicitation techniques. A framework is presented in which reasoning, problem solving and learning, together form a knowledge intensive system that can acquire knowledge from its own experience.
Photodichroic materials as adaptive spatial filters in real-time optical spectral analysis (1976)

Adaptive spatial filters based on the photodichroic property of anisotropic color centers in alkali halide crystals have been constructed for use in real-time optical spectral analysis. Operating as change detectors in continuous spectrum surveillance, the photodichroic filter essentially sensitizes the monitoring system to detect only ’’new’’ signals. Long-term background signals have been attenuated by factors as high as 30 000.
Review of Published DE83 902993 Experimental Calibrations Performed on the 10-Millimeter Nylon Cyclone (1983)

In 1970, the American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) published a Guide for Respirable Mass Sampling. The Guide recommended that a flow rate of 1.7 liters per minute be tentatively adopted for respirable mass samplers employing the Dorr-Oliver 10 mm nylon cyclone. Because calibration data on the 10 mm nylon cyclone was conflicting, provisions were made for revising the Guide when additional data became available. This report presents a review of all the investigative work that has been conducted on the calibration of the 10 mm Dorr-Oliver nylon cyclone for the purpose of recommending an operational flow rate for the 10 mm cyclone that will provide size-selection characteristics that most closely approximate the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) respirable dust criterion. The significant conclusions from this review were that the amount of experimental scatter in all of the investigations precludes the recommendation of any flow rate to within a tolerance greater than +-0.2 liter per minute and the AEC respirable dust criterion will be more closely approximated when the 10 mm nylon cyclone is operated at a flow rate of 2.0 liters per minute.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Aryl CH Activation and Tandem <i>ortho</i>‐Hydroxylation/Alkoxylation of 2‐Aryl Benzimidazoles: Cytotoxicity and DNA‐Binding Studies (2013)

Abstract An efficient regio‐selective aryl CH activation and tandem o‐ hydroxylation method for 2‐arylbenzimidazoles has been developed by using a Pd(OAc) 2 /oxone/Cs 2 CO 3 catalytic system. This reaction was successfully optimized by using various catalysts, oxidants, bases, and solvents to achieve the desired products in good yields. Further, preliminary mechanistic studies were conducted to examine the source of oxygen for this transformation. Gratifyingly, this catalytic system is also suitable for the introduction of various alkoxy groups, and delivered the products in good yields. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity in selected human cancer cell lines. Some of the representative compounds ( 1 f , 2 f , 3 f and 4 f ) have significant IC 50 values ranging from 1–10 μ M . Structure‐activity relationship studies indicate that in these compounds the ethoxy substituent is probably responsible for the improved activity. In addition, the DNA‐binding potential of these compounds was also investigated by UV/vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy.
015 Development of equations to predict the influence of floor space on average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain-to-feed ratio of finishing pigs (2016)

Data from existing literature examining the influence of floor space allowance on the growth of finishing pigs was used to develop prediction equations for ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Two databases were used: the first included information from studies examining the influence of floor space allowance, and the second included the aforementioned papers along with papers examining the impact of floor space after pigs were removed from the pen. The first database included 27, 25, and 25 papers for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, respectively, and the second database contained 30, 28, and 28 papers for ADG, ADFI, and G:F, respectively. The predictor variables tested were floor space (m2/pig), k (floor space/final BW0.67), initial BW, final BW, feed space (pigs per feeder hole), water space (pigs per waterer), group size (pigs per pen), gender, floor type, and study length (d). Floor space treatments within each experiment were the experimental unit and random effects of decade, paper within decade, and experiment within paper × decade interactions were included in the statistical model. A weighted variance term was included in the statistical model to account for heterogeneity of experimental designs and replication across the existing literature. The statistical significance for inclusion of terms in the model was determined at P < 0.10. Further evaluation of models with significant terms was then conducted based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC). Once the ADG and ADFI models for each respective database were determined, then the G:F model was evaluated as the predicted ADG/predicted ADFI. The optimum equations to predict finishing ADG, ADFI, and G:F for the first database were ADG, g = 395.57 + (15,727 × k) − (221,705 × k2) − (3.6478 × initial BW, kg) + (2.209 × final BW, kg) + (67.6294 × k × initial BW, kg); ADFI, g = 802.07 + (20,121 × k) − (301,210 × k2) − (1.5985 × initial BW, kg) + (11.8907 × final BW, kg) + (159.79 × k × initial BW, kg); and G:F = predicted ADG/predicted ADFI. The optimum equations to predict ADG, ADFI, and G:F for the second database were ADG, g = 337.57 + (16,468 × k) − (237,350 × k2) − (3.1209 × initial BW, kg) + (2.569 × final BW, kg) + (71.6918 × k × initial BW, kg); ADFI, g = 833.41 + (24,785 × k) − (388,998 × k2) − (3.0027 × initial BW, kg) + (11.246 × final BW, kg) + (187.61 × k × initial BW, kg); and G:F = predicted ADG/predicted ADFI. All multiterm models improved BIC values compared with single-term predictor models, signifying that multiterm models proved to better fit their respective databases.