gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRSA: the first half century (2011)

Fifty years ago methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) first revealed themselves to the medical community, having been described in a landmark article published in the British Medical Journal. Among other things, their discovery set off a major response from the scientific and medical professions to control or even eliminate them as major human pathogens. Despite these efforts, however, MRSA have spread throughout the world and a half century after they burst upon the scene they continue to pose major challenges to research scientists and clinicians alike. In a very real sense, this year marks the 'birthday' of a remarkably successful pathogen. The major reasons for the ability of MRSA to prosper and cause disease in settings inimical to its survival form the basis of this article.
Relation Between Form and Function in the Sacroiliac Joint (1990)

Observations on sectioned and opened preparations of human sacroiliac joints (SI joints) show the presence of cartilage-covered ridges and depressions, which are complementary on the auricular surfaces. These macroscopically visible features of the joints, which become visible relatively early in life, are more pronounced in men than in women. This type of roughening, as well as that by increased coarseness of the auricular surface, is viewed as a nonpathologic adaptation to the forces exerted at the SI joints, leading to increased stability. Differences between men and women may be attributed to childbearing and to a difference in the center of gravity. It is emphasized that intra-articular ridges and depressions can be misinterpreted roentgenologically as osteophytes.
Picosecond photoconductivity in InP:Fe:O (1989)

Picosecond photoconductivity in iron- and oxygen-doped InP has been measured using an original experimental arrangement. It is supposed that the carrier recombination in this material is caused by trapping at the donor-acceptor complexes.
Semiconductor Sensors for Automotive Instrumentation (1973)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Piezoresistive phenomena found in silicon semiconductors and the possibility it has of integrating various electronic functions (all in one family of technology) are a viable method of meeting the future requirements of the automotive industry. After a brief discussion of the evolution of semiconductor sensors and the “state of art” design, the author proceeds to propose some suitable circuits for integration of electronic functions such as comparator, amplifier, A to D converter, etc. Although the discussion centers on pressure transducer design, the facts in the example can easily be transferred to temperature, flow, and acceleration measurements.</div>
Biology and novel treatment options for XLA, the most common monogenetic immunodeficiency in man (2011)

Work from various laboratories demonstrates the feasibility of using gene-corrected HSCs to complement the immune defects of Btk-deficiency in mice. We propose that it is timely to start clinical programs to develop stem cell based therapy for XLA, using gene-corrected autologous HSC.
Comment on “Tungsten nanowires and their field electron emission properties” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 745 (2002)] (2006)

First Page
Reversible unidirectional inhibition of sucrose synthase activity by disulfides. (1981)

Sucrose synthase (UDPglucose:D-fructose 2-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase, EC2.4.1.13), which catalyzes the synthesis and cleavage of sucrose, exhibits differences in some properties between the two reactions. When enzyme previously incubated with oxidized glutathione or oxidized thioredoxin was used, sucrose cleavage was inhibited whereas sucrose synthesis proceeded at a normal rate. Sucrose cleavage activity could be restored by incubation with dithiothreitol or reduced glutathione. The thioredoxin effect was influenced by the presence of cleavage reaction substrates--i.e., sucrose and UDP. Thioredoxin action was rather slow compared with the catalytic reaction. These findings may have important implications for understanding the metabolic role of sucrose synthase and oxidized thioredoxin. Theoretically, the fact that an enzyme catalyzing a reversible reaction is inhibited in one direction only suggests that a modification in the enzyme affinities for its substrates must have occurred.
The evolution of lossless data compression techniques (2002)

Lossless data compression has suddenly exploded into a $300 million market. Commercial examples are file compression software packages than can more than double the storage in disc files while the new CCITT V.42bis standard can double the transmission rates in modems. Applications will soon spread into digital image compression (HDTV), teleconferencing, wide area networks (WAN, ISDN), digital audio tapes (DAT) and brain-like databases (Autosopher). There are five competing methods each championed by different vendors and the battle for the best algorithm is far from being settled. The old Huffman code was long a favorite of academics and mathematicians. It may be used as an addition to other compression codes but is not commercially viable by itself. The original Ziv-Lempel (1977) codes have a temporary headstart because of heavy promotions by Stac Electronics. These codes already deliver slow file compression software or fast hardware compression using plug-in modules. These codes will prove to be inferior in the long run. The Ziv-Lempel-Welch (LZW) codes are now the most commonly used compression codes. They may be superseded soon by combined fixed and dynamic learning networks. The British Telecom Lempel-Ziv (BTLZ) code is the state of the art for dynamic libraries. It is used in the V.42bis compression modems. The fixed library Autosophy networks offer the highest compression ratio and additional data encryption. They do however require prior knowledge of the kind of data or language being compressed. These networks may operate at extreme speed and without the danger of error propagation.
Spiropentaneacetic acid as a specific inhibitor of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (1991)

To study the structure-activity relationship between pentanoic acid analogues and the inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, a number of 4-pentenoic and methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid derivatives were prepared. All compounds inhibited palmitoylcarnitine oxidation in rat liver mitochondria, with 50% inhibition occurring at a concentration between 6 and 100 microM. However, only methylenecyclopropaneacetic acid (MCPA) and spiropentaneacetic acid (SPA) showed in vivo inhibitory activity in rats as indicated by the occurrence of dicarboxylic aciduria. Rats treated with SPA excreted metabolites derived only from fatty acid oxidation whereas MCPA-treated rats also excreted metabolites derived from branch-chained amino acid and lysine metabolism. SPA is a specific inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation without affecting amino acid metabolism. The site of inhibition is medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD). In contrast, MCPA inhibited both MCAD and short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase with a stronger inhibition toward the latter. The inhibition of fatty acid oxidation by both inhibitors was partially reversible by glycine or l-carnitine. Since SPA does not form a ring-opened nucleophile such as that proposed for MCPA in the inhibition of FAD prosthetic group in acyl-CoA dehydrogenases, we propose that the irreversible inhibition by SPA occurs by a tight complex without forming a covalent bond to the isoalloxazine ring in FAD.
Interaction-Driven Spin Precession in Quantum-Dot Spin Valves (2003)

We analyze spin-dependent transport through spin valves composed of an interacting quantum dot coupled to two ferromagnetic leads. The spin on the quantum dot and the linear conductance as a function of the relative angle theta of the leads' magnetization directions is derived to lowest order in the dot-lead coupling strength. Because of the applied bias voltage spin accumulates on the quantum dot, which for finite charging energy experiences a torque, resulting in spin precession. The latter leads to a nontrivial, interaction-dependent, theta dependence of the conductance. In particular, we find that the spin-valve effect is reduced for all theta not equal pi.
New Three-Level Resource Management Enhancing Quality of Offline Hardware Task Placement on FPGA (2010)

Currently, reconfigurable hardware devices feature a high density of heterogeneous resources to enable multitasking and offer flexibility in application needs. These concepts raise the need for efficient management of hardware tasks and hardware resources. The scheduling of hardware tasks is highly dependent on placement. Placement focuses on allocation of hardware resources required by the scheduled hardware tasks. In this paper, we propose novel three-level resource management that investigates enhancement of placement quality by reducing task rejection, configuration overheads, and by optimizing resource utilization. Improving placement quality will produce significant enhancement of performance for scheduling and overall execution time of the application in FPGA. Hence, the placement problem is formulated into a constrained optimization problem and resolved with powerful solvers using the Branch and Bound method. The obtained results of an application of heterogeneous hardware tasks show an average resource utilization of 36% of the available resources on the reconfigurable region and an overall overhead of 11% of total application running time, and we have eliminated the issue of task rejection. Compared to static implementation, the gain in resource utilization within the reconfigurable region achieves up to 43%.
Reading and dyslexia : visual and attentional processes (1999)

Visual processing - how the information on the page is transmitted to the brain - is one of the key candidates in the search for exactly how children, both normal and those experiencing difficulty, learn to read. Surprisingly perhaps, the topic has often been neglected by researchers in the field. This text provides a review of some important work on the subject. John Everatt and his team include investigations into eye movements and fixations, visual span, attentional focus, visual pathways, inhibition and interference. Each chapter considers the development of reading ability and individual differences between experienced readers, competent and disabled readers. The volume provides a resource for all those interested in reading ability. It should be especially useful for researchers and academics in psychology and education.
On the key equation (1995)

We consider the set M.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A metadata-based generic matching framework for web ontologies (2005)

Current algorithms can not to be used optimally in automatic and semi- automatic ontology matching tasks as those envisioned by the Semantic Web community, mainly because of the inherent dependency between particular algorithms and ontology properties such as size, representation language or underlying graph structure, and because of performance and scalability limitations. In order to cope with the first problem we designed a generic matching framework which exploits the valuable ideas embedded in current matching approaches, but in the same time accounts for their limitations—for specific input ontologies it optimizes the matching results by automatically eliminating unsuitable candidate matching methods.
Production of cytopathology in FRhK-4 cells by BS-C-1-passaged hepatitis A virus (1987)

Cytopathic effects were produced in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (FRhK-4) cells 7 days postinfection by a serially BS-C-1-passaged strain of hepatitis A virus. Typical enterovirus cytopathology was produced by the HM-175 strain after 15 passages at 7-day intervals in BS-C-1 cells. No cytopathic effects were obtained after neutralization of virus with human anti-hepatitis A virus immunoglobulin G. Normal human serum had no effect on development of cytopathology. Maximum antigen and cDNA probe-based hybridization activity were associated with a CsCl gradient fraction having a density of 1.34 g/cm3. Large quantities of 27- to 30-nm virions typical of hepatitis A virus were associated with the same fraction. These data led to the conclusion that the observed cytopathology was caused by hepatitis A virus.
Scenarios Involving Marginal Analysis (2013)

Many economic decisions involve investigating the effects of small changes on various outcomes. Analyzing the effects of small or incremental changes allows us to investigate factors affecting cost, revenue, and profit in microeconomics. Economists use the term “marginal” to connote the change due to a one unit change in something. For example, to an economist, marginal cost (MC) means the change in total cost from producing one more unit of q, and marginal revenue (MR) is the change in total revenue from selling one more unit of q. Since the rate of change at a value is represented by the derivative, the word “marginal” in economics is approximated by the derivative. Thus, MC = d(TC)/dq. Knowing how a function changes can also be useful in economics situations where it may be difficult to obtain exact data, but where approximations will suffice for decision-making.
Evolution of Microstructure in Zirconium Alloys During Irradiation (1996)

X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize microstructural and microchemical changes produced by neutron irradiation in zirconium and zirconium alloys. Zircaloy-2, Zircaloy-4, and Zr-2.5Nb alloys with differing metallurgical states have been analyzed after irradiation for neutron fluences up to 25 × 1025 n.m-2 (E &gt; 1 MeV) for a range of temperatures between 330 and 580 K. Irradiation modifies the dislocation structure through nucleation and growth of dislocation loops and, for cold-worked materials in particular, climb of existing network dislocations. In general, the a-type dislocation structure tends to saturate at low fluences (&lt; 1 × 1025 n.m-2). The c-component dislocation structure, however, may evolve over long periods of irradiation (for fluences &gt;10 × 1025 n.m-2 in some cases). The phase structure is also modified by irradiation. The common alloying/impurity elements, Fe, Cr, and Ni, are relatively insoluble in the α-phase but are dispersed into the α-phase during irradiation irrespective of the state of the phase initially containing these elements, i.e., metastable β-phase or stable intermetallic precipitate. The stable intermetallic particles may undergo structural changes dependent on their composition and the temperature. For the metastable dual-phase α/β-alloys (Zr-2.5Nb alloy), the β-phase structure is modified during irradiation, but the change is complex, being a combination of thermal decomposition and radiation-induced mixing.
Parameterizable VLSI architectures for the full-search block-matching algorithm (1989)

Systolic VLSI architectures for implementing the full-search block-matching algorithm are described. A large range of data rates can be efficiently covered by the proposed architectures. The input bandwidth problem for the search-area data is solved by on-chip line buffers, allowing a low frame-buffer access rate. An architecture for block-scan data input is described in detail. A VLSI realization with a low transistor count can be achieved by linear arrays in conjunction with compact memory blocks based on three-transistor cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Getting to the root of gas migration (1996)

The complex phenomenon of gas migration has long been recognized as one of the most troublesome problems in the oil industry. The challenge is to prevent formation gas influx and achieve a long-term annular cement seal. The causes and consequences of gas entry during cementing operations are reviewed and new methods to predict and solve gas migration problems are summarized. 15 figs., 16 refs.
A Single-Tube Seven-Colour Flow Cytometry Assay for Detection of Minimal Residual Disease In Myeloma. (2010)

Abstract Abstract 1688 The eradication of minimal residual disease (MRD) in myeloma predicts for improved outcome. A number of different approaches to myeloma MRD detection are available; these vary widely in sensitivity and cost. Flow cytometric assessment of MRD may be preferable in practice because of lower cost and easier feasibility. Myeloma MRD flow cytometry requires at least three markers for plasma cell identification (CD38, CD138 and CD45) and combination of several additional markers to detect phenotypic abnormality including CD19, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD45, CD56 and CD117. Also, assessment of immunoglobulin light-chain restriction (cytoplasmic K and L) combined with myeloma-associated phenotypic plasma cell abnormalities, is very important. Four-tube four-colour flow cytometry combine markers CD38/CD138/CD45 with markers for plasma cell phenotypic abnormalities and clonality. Six –colour flow cytometry combines the same markers (markers for plasma cell identification) plus clonality markers; it potentially increases the sensitivity of the method through coincident multiparameter analysis. However, the single-tube six-colour flow cytometry, proposed by others studies, excludes the myeloma-associated phenotypic plasma cell abnormalities and consequently decreases specificity of the assay. We propose a new single-tube seven-colour flow cytometry, including plasma cell identification antigens, clonality markers and myeloma-associated phenotypic plasma cell abnormalities markers. In this new method, PCs are stained with antibodies: (i) CD38, CD138, CD45 used for identified plasma cells and percentage plasma cells to total leucocytes. (ii) CD19 and CD56+CD28 used to identify normal and abnormal plasma cells; and (iii) cy-IgK and cy-IgL, for confirm the plasma cells clonality. We analysed normal bone marrow provided from healthy individuals. Our results showed a presence myeloma-associated phenotypic plasma cell abnormalities at low levels in healthy individual. The monotypy studies confirm polyclonality of this normal plasma cells. Then we compared MRD assessement with single-six colour flow cytometry assay (plasma cells markers, clonality markers and exluding myeloma-associated phenotypic markers) and seven-colour flow cytometry assay (including myeloma-associated phenotypic markers). Six –colour flow cytometry has a better sensitivity and showed efficacy for quantification MRD in myeloma patients. However, the single-tube six-colour flow cytometry excluded the myeloma-associated phenotypic plasma cell abnormalities and in some cases the seven-colour flow cytometry will be more informative because it detected myeloma-asociated phenotypic marquers combined with clonality marquers. Finally, the single-tube seven colour flow cytometry assay provides reduction in antibody cost and increases sensitivity and specificity of the method through coincident multiparameter analysis. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Histomorphometric and Biochemical Correlates of Arterial Procollagen Gene Expression During Vascular Repair After Experimental Angioplasty (1995)

We conclude that procollagen genes are transcriptionally activated early (2 to 7 days) after angioplasty vessel injury and that collagen subsequently constitutes a major biochemical and histological component of the proliferative neointima by 30 days after angioplasty. Alterations in pathways regulating procollagen metabolism may also contribute to the accumulation of extracellular matrix and growth of the neointima in the late repair phase after vessel wall injury.
Plasma von Willebrand factor, soluble thrombomodulin, and fibrin D-dimer concentrations in acute onset non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation (2004)

There was evidence among patients with acute onset AF of endothelial damage or dysfunction and increased thrombogenesis, which persisted up to 30 days after cardioversion.
The Presence of a Natriuretic Factor in Urine of Patients with Chronic Uremia (1974)

A B S T R A C T A gel filtration fraction of serum from chronically uremic patients has been shown previously to produce natriuresis in the rat. In the present studies, the same fraction from urine of uremic patients and normal subjects was studied for its natriuretic activity. Urine samples were obtained from 17 chronically uremic patients (mean glomerular filtration rate [GFR], 8.7 ml/min; mean fractional sodium excretion [FEN.], 5.7%), and 14 normal subjects. The fraction from the uremic patients produced a significant increase in absolute sodium excretion (UNaV) and FEN.; the fraction from normal subjects had no statistically significant effect on either UNNV or FENa; and the difference between the response to the uremic vs. normal fractions was highly significant for both parameters of sodium excretion. When a more concentrated urine fraction from uremic patients was administered, a striking natriuresis was observed with values for FEN. rising to levels as high as 12%. Studies also were performed on eight patients with far advanced chronic renal insufficiency and the nephrotic syndrome. The serum fraction was studied in each of these patients and the urine fraction in three. For the group, UNaV in the assay rats decreased by 0.87 iueq/min and FENa decreased by 1.35% after infusion of the serum fraction. These results differ significantly from those of patients with chronic uremia without the nephrotic syndrome. The data are consistent with the
XLL e hipertexto: un nuevo desafío a nuestra capacidad de adaptación (1998)

espanolActualmente la World Wide Web es el medio ideal para desarrollar completamente el concepto de hipertexto. Sin embargo, los documentos electronicos siguen editandose siguiendo patrones mas o menos tradicionales. Parece claro que existe un problema de inadaptacion, no solo al medio tecnologico sino al concepto en si. La especificacion XLL (extensible linking language) de la norma en auge XML (extensible markup language) puede agudizar aun mas esta inadaptacion multiplicando las posibilidades de los enlaces electronicos, la base del hipertexto. EnglishThe World Wide Web is now the perfect environment in which the concept of hypertext can be developed completely. However electronic texts continue to be published in more-or-less traditional ways. It seems obvious that there is a problem of adaptation, not only to the technological medium but to the concept itself. The rising standard, XML (extensible markup language), and its XLL (extensible linking language) specification could aggravate even further this inability to adapt, due to the increased possibilities of electronic hyperlinks, the bedrock of hypertext.
Deep learning architectures for tattoo detection and de-identification (2016)

The widespread use of video recording devices to obtain recordings of people in various scenarios makes the problem of privacy protection increasingly important. Consequently, there is an increased interest in developing methods for de-identification, i.e. removing personally identifying features from publicly available or stored data. Most of related work focuses on de-identifying hard biometric identifiers such as faces. We address the problem of detection and de-identification of soft biometric identifiers - tattoos. We use a deep convolutional neural network to discriminate between tattoo and non-tattoo image patches, group the patches into blobs, and propose the de-identifying method based on replacing the color of pixels inside the tattoo blob area with a values obtained by interpolation of the surrounding skin color. Experimental evaluation on the contributed dataset indicates the proposed method can be useful in a soft biometric de-identification scenario.