gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Photosynthetic Photon Flux and Temperature on Floral Evocation and Development in the Vernalization-sensitive Ornamental Perennial Salvia ×superba `Blaukonigin' (2006)

Varying photothermal ratios (PTR) were supplied to Salvia × superba Stapf `Blaukönigin' during pre-inductive vegetative development with the exception of a short germination period under uniform conditions. In addition, both unvernalized plants and plants receiving a saturating vernalization treatment of 6 weeks at 5 °C were given two photosynthetic photon flux ( PPF ) levels (50 or 200 μ mol·m -2 ·s -1 ) during subsequent inductive 16-hour long days. There were no effects of PTR treatments during vegetative development on subsequent flowering. However, the higher PPF level during inductive long days significantly accelerated floral evocation in unvernalized plants, lowering the leaf number at flowering. The effect was practically negligent after the vernalization requirement was saturated. In a second experiment, varying periods (4, 7, 10, and 14 days or until anthesis) at a PPF of 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 during 20-hour days were given at the beginning of a long-day treatment, either with or without preceding vernalization treatment. Flowering percentage increased considerably as the period at 200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 was extended compared with plants grown at a lower PPF of 50 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 . However, the leaf number on flowering plants was not affected, except in unvernalized plants receiving the highest PPF continuously until anthesis, where leaf number was reduced by almost 50%. We propose that the PPF -dependent flowering is facilitated either by the rate of ongoing assimilation or rapid mobilization of stored carbohydrates at the time of evocation. Abortion of floral primordia under the lower PPF (50 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) irrespective of vernalization treatment indicates that the assimilate requirement for flower bud development is independent of the mechanism for floral evocation.
Does it Take a Village to Write a Case Report? (1999)

Editor's Note: I believe it is appropriate for readers and authors to consider the following comments by Dr Har‐El. The issue of what role the case report plays in peer‐reviewed medical journalism is quite appropriate. We in the Journal's editorial process have elected to be very selective regarding which submitted case reports are published. Realizing the importance of such publications to young physician authors, we must temper this mission with that of quality and focused scientific literature. Thus we require a strict adherence to our published rules for a case report—short, concise, and to the point, but mainly that it provide a clear educational value to the clinician.
Diterpenoids from the gorgonian Solenopodium stechei (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiterpenoids from the gorgonian Solenopodium stecheiStephen J. Bloor, Francis J. Schmitz, M. Bilayet Hossain, and Dick Van der HelmCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 4, 1205–1216Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00030a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00030a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electron paramagnetic resonance in the quasi-two dimensionalmagnetic ludwigite Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> (2002)

We report an EPR study of the quasi-two dimensional oxide Fe 3 O 2 BO 3 which shows a structural transition at 283 K, an antiferromagnetic transition at 112K and weak ferromagnetism below 73 K. The single crystals show three strongly anisotropic lines with different temperature dependences of their widths and resonance fields. The results are discussed in relation with the different phase transitions and with the Wigner glass phase which appears between ~112 K and ~200 K.
A/W Bioactive Glass Particles in HEPES Solutions (2005)

A/W bioactive glass (BG) particles (600-1000 microns) were soaked in 0.1 M 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) solutions (0.01 g BG per 1 mL solution) at three pH ranges (acidic: 4.45-6.31, neutral: 7.45-7.64 and basic: 10.31-10.42). Crystalline calcium phosphates developed on BG surfaces after soaking in either acidic or neutral solutions. Electron diffraction (ED) results showed that whitlockite and octa-calcium phosphate (OCP) were the newly developed materials on BG in the acidic HEPES solution after soaking for 7 d and 14 d, respectively. Whitlockite also developed on the BG particles in the neutral solution of 0.5Na-HEPES after soaking for 14 d. No crystalline materials developed on BG surfaces after soaking in the basic Na-HEPES solution up to 14 d. The results of this study demonstrated that the pH of a soaking solution strongly affect both the ions release of the A/W BG particles, and the development of crystalline calcium phosphates on BG particles.
A simple, polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism‐aided diagnosis method for pine wilt disease (2000)

Summary For diagnosis of pine wilt disease, a simple PCR‐RFLP method was developed to identify and to differentiate two similar nematode species, based on a living or preserved single specimen. Pinewood nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus , and Bursaphelenchus mucronatus were examined. A single nematode in 1 µl of distilled water was put on a glass slide. When the water had almost dried the nematode was crushed with a filter paper chip, 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm, with the aid of forceps. The filter paper chip containing nematode remains was immediately placed into PCR buffer as the DNA template. The primer set used was to amplify ribosomal DNA containing the inter‐transcribed spacer (ITS) 1, 5.8S and ITS2 regions. The PCR product was consistently obtained from a single nematode, and digesting the product with restriction endonuclease, Hin f I, enabled discrimination between B. xylophilus and B. mucronatus . This method was simple, convenient and definitive, and could successfully determine the pathogen in the diagnosis of pine wilt disease. This method was applicable also to nematode specimens preserved under various conditions except in the case of those preserved in aldehyde‐containing fixatives.
The current status of plant transformation technologies (2003)

Plant transformation vectors and methodologies have been improved to increase the efficiency of plant trans - formation and to achieve stable expression of transgenes in plan ts. Due to the simplicity of the transformation system and precise integration of transgenes, Agro- bacterium Ti plasmid -based vectors continue to offer the best system for plant transformation. Binary vectors have been improved by the incorporation of supe rvirulent vir genes, matrix attachment regions (MAR) and the inser- tion of introns in marker genes and reporter genes. With these improvements and with the use of acetosyringon e, transformation of monocotyledon ous plants using Agro- bacterium has almost become a routine process. The green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene has been extensively modified for plant codon preference, ER/plastid targeting and for greater solubility thereby making it a versatile vital reporter for transgenic plants. Significant progr ess is seen in developing transgenic plants devoid of antibiotic marker genes. Cotransformation of multiple T-DNAs, site-specific recombination strategies and deploy ment of Ac/Ds-based transposition have helped in the elimination of marker genes in transg enic plants. Positive selection strategies using ipt, xylose isomerase and phospho-mannose isomerase have been demonstrated to be useful in many crop plants. The development of BIBAC vectors, a demonstrated capability to transfer multiple genes of a pathway and successful T-DNA tagging in rice, signal the readiness with which transformation technologies can be deployed for the study of 'functional genomics' in plants. The particle bombardment system continues to find use in organelle transformation and tran sformation of plants that lack efficient regeneration systems. A detailed understanding of gene silencing has led to the design of vectors that minimize transgene silencing while ensuring desired levels of transgene expression. Efforts are underway to unde rstand the mechanism of T -DNA integration in plants so that 'knock out' mutagenesis and homology-based gene replacements can be achieved in plants. We review in this article the current status of transformation technologies. An overview of the status of deployment of plant transformation technologies in India is also presented. Plant transformation is performed using a wide range of tools such as Agrobacterium Ti plasmid vectors, microprojectile bombardment, microinjection, chemical (PEG) treatment of prot oplasts and electroporation of protoplasts. Though all methods have advantages that are unique to each of them, transformation using Agrobac- terium and microprojectile bombardment are currently the most extensively used methods 1 . Recent develop- ments in t hese two technologies have been reviewed together with the phenomenon of 'gene silencing' that has come to centrestage after a large number of trans - genic plants have been carefully evaluated for transgene expression in successive generations.
Optimal design of sensor micro-structures (2002)

In this paper, the problem of designing the shape of a resonant device for minimum mass under multiple frequency and manufacturing constraints, is considered. An optimality criterion method has been used in optimization. The developed program is designed to interface and exploit the results of a commercial finite element code, ANSYS.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Méthode différentielle : développements et applications (2004)

Ce travail porte sur la modelisation de dispositifs optiques qui presentent des proprietes optiques et geometriques nouvelles. Le manuscrit se scinde en deux parties suivant le type de coordonnees spatiales utilisees. La premiere partie est consacree a l'etude en coordonnees cartesiennes des materiaux magneto-optiques plans, des reseaux de diffraction constitues d'un materiau presentant un effet Kerr optique (effet non-lineaire du 3ʿordre), des reseaux de trous perces dans un metal tres conducteur (Ag, Al,. . . ) appeles communement tamis a photons. La deuxieme partie est entierement consacree au developpement d'un formalisme differentiel en coordonnee cylindriques afin de modeliser rigoureusement la diffraction de la lumiere par un trou unique. Ce formalisme permet le calcul du champ proche diffracte par le trou. La methode differentielle a ete choisie pour mener ces etudes parce qu'elle se revele particulierement bien adaptee a l'etude des reseaux de diffraction, qu'elle s'applique aux milieux anisotropes et qu'elle presente la possibilite d'etre etendue a l'optique non-lineaire.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The guanine nucleotide exchange factor p63RhoGEF, a specific link between Gq/11-coupled receptor signaling and RhoA. (2005)

The monomeric GTPase RhoA, which is a key regulator of numerous cellular processes, is activated by a variety of G protein-coupled receptors, through either G12 or G(q) family proteins. Here we report that p63RhoGEF, a recently identified RhoA-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor, enhances the Rho-dependent gene transcription induced by agonist-stimulated G(q/11)-coupled receptors (M3-cholinoceptor, histamine H1 receptor) or GTPase-deficient mutants of G alpha(q) and G alpha11. We further demonstrate that active G alpha(q) or G alpha11, but not G alpha12 or G alpha13, strongly enhances p63RhoGEF-induced RhoA activation by direct protein-protein interaction with p63RhoGEF at its C-terminal half. Moreover, the activation of p63RhoGEF by G alpha(q/11) occurs independently of and in competition to the activation of the canonical G alpha(q/11) effector phospholipase C beta. Therefore, our results elucidate a new signaling pathway by which G alpha(q/11)-coupled receptors specifically induce Rho signaling through a direct interaction of activated G alpha(q/11) subunits with p63RhoGEF. PMID: 15632174
A common dictionary system shared among multiple media conversion functions (2002)

The authors propose a common dictionary shared among various types of media conversion functions. When a new word is registered in the common dictionary, it is immediately available to all functions making use of the dictionary. By editing the common dictionary through a common GUI, users can enter or delete a new word. They have developed an experimental system, which uses a common GUI to enable users to maintain individual dictionaries of natural language processing tasks collectively. A common dictionary maintains consistency across different functions, thus decreasing the need for dictionary maintenance and reducing editing requirements.
VLSI design of a neural network based image processor (2002)

The design of a neural network based image processor is presented. The processor can be programmed for different image processing applications. Mixed-mode signals are used to enhance the performance of the processor. High throughput with small die area is achieved by careful design of the architecture and the multiplying D/A converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent studies on the effect of signal frequency on auditory vertical localization (2005)

The authors have been involved in a series of studies showing that the fundamental frequency of a complex tone, the center frequency of a noise band, or the cut-off frequencies of simultaneously presented high- and low-passed noise bands, systematically affect the elevation of auditory images – such that high frequencies are associated with high elevations, and low frequencies with low elevations. These studies show this effect not just for median plane localization, but in some circumstances even for sources on the aural axis. This paper reviews the findings of these studies, and considers their implications and applications, including for auditory display. 1.
Comparison of yttrium coating and yttrium implantation effects on the high temperature oxidation resistance of type 304 steel by<i>in situ</i>X-ray diffraction (2003)

AbstractThe effects of two methods for the surface addition of yttrium on the oxidation behaviour of 304 stainless steel have been investigated. Isothermal oxidation tests were performed at 1000° C in air for 100 h. The results show that ion implantation and sol-gel coating have similar effects, reducing significantly the scale growth rate. In situ X-ray diffraction analyses clearly demonstrate that surface additions of yttrium allow the oxidation rate of type 304 stainless steel to be reduced by limiting the growth of non-adherent iron rich oxide. In situ analyses were also carried out during cooling in order to observe the structural evolution of oxides formed at high temperature.
P0513 AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION (2004)

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori causes peptic ulcer disease in adults and children and is a major risk factor for gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is acquired in childhood but the exact age at which children become infected has not been established. Aims: To prospectively determine the age-specific rate of infection for H. pylori in children, and to examine the risk factors for infection. Methods: 327 healthy children between the age of 24 and 48 months were recruited through their general practitioners, and had annual breath tests carried out for 5 years. Children were considered infected with H. pylori if they had 2 positive 13Curea breath tests (DOB >5.0) Information on family size, duration of breast and bottle feeding, soother use, family sleeping arrangements, baby minding facilities, playschool use, socioeconomic conditions including the household crowding index were collected. Symptoms of abdominal pain or vomiting and diarrhea were documented over the 5 years. Parents and siblings were also invited to have breath tests carried out. Results: 327 children (mean age 33.9 months SD 7.5 M:F 1.2:1) were entered in the study and 290 children completed the 4 years of follow-up. At baseline 28 children were infected with H. pylori (mean age 32.78 months SD 5.13) with 23 <36 months and 5 between 36–48 months old. Over the 4 years of follow-up the 262 initially uninfected children contributed 970 person years of follow-up. 20 children became infected with H. pylori. The age-specific incidence of infection is outlined in Table 1. The risk factors for infection were infected mother odds ratio 5.25 (2.35–12.07) infected father 3.34 (1.06–11.81) infected sibling 10.79 (5.08–23.11) having >1 bottle feed/day after 24 months 1.67 (0.82–3.39) always sleeping with mum 2.46 (1.03–5.82) lower socio-economic status 3.12 (1.57–6.22) In a logistic regression model having an infected mother, an infected sibling or late weaning were independent risk factors for infection. In a logistic regression model of infection having an infected mother an infected sibling having more than 2 bottles per day after 2 years of age were all independant risk factors for infection.Table 1: Table 1 Age specific incidence of H. pyloriConclusion: This is the first prospective study on acquisition of H. pylori. We show in a developed country that infection is acquired almost always by children under the age of 3 with infection rarely occurring after 5 years of age.
Unified modeling language and design of a case-based retrieval system in medical imaging. (1998)

One goal of artificial intelligence research into case-based reasoning (CBR) systems is to develop approaches for designing useful and practical interactive case-based environments. Explaining each step of the design of the case-base and of the retrieval process is critical for the application of case-based systems to the real world. We describe herein our approach to the design of IDEM--Images and Diagnosis from Examples in Medicine--a medical image case-based retrieval system for pathologists. Our approach is based on the expressiveness of an object-oriented modeling language standard: the Unified Modeling Language (UML). We created a set of diagrams in UML notation illustrating the steps of the CBR methodology we used. The key aspect of this approach was selecting the relevant objects of the system according to user requirements and making visualization of cases and of the components of the case retrieval process. Further evaluation of the expressiveness of the design document is required but UML seems to be a promising formalism, improving the communication between the developers and users.
Spin screening and antiscreening in a ferromagnet/superconductor heterojunction (2004)

We present a theoretical study of spin-screening effects in a ferromagnet-superconductor (FS) heterojunction. It is shown that the magnetic moment of the ferromagnet is screened or antiscreened, depending on the polarization of the electrons at the Fermi level. If the polarization is determined by the electrons of the majority (minority) spin band then the magnetic moment of the ferromagnet is screened (antiscreened) by the electrons in the superconductor. We propose experiments that may confirm our theory: for ferromagnetic alloys with certain concentration of Fe or Ni ions there will be screening or antiscreening, respectively. Different configurations for the density of states are also discussed.
Enhanced electroluminescence in silicon-on-insulator metal–oxide–semiconductor transistors with thin silicon layer (2003)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and bulk metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors were fabricated simultaneously and tested electrically and optically at room temperature. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum has been measured in both types of devices. A visible emitted radiation was observed when both devices were operated in the avalanche breakdown mode. In the case of SOI device, five different peaks at a photon energy of 2.31, 2.06, 1.81, 1.63, and 1.50 eV were observed. The regular spacing between the measured peaks indicates cavity effects due to the various layers of the SOI MOS transistor structure. The thin silicon layer thickness of 400 Å seems to be responsible for the factor of about 16 in the EL intensity of the SOI device as compared to the bulk device.
Advantages and limitations of <i>in situ</i> hybridisation as exemplified by the molecular genetic analysis of Drosophila development (1990)

Over the past five years the application of in situ hybridisation to the analysis of gene expression has made an immense contribution to the study of Drosophila development (for reviews, see Akam, 1987; Ingham, 1988). The advent of this technique not only allowed the verification of the inferences about normal gene expression based upon classical genetic analysis, but has also facilitated the investigation of regulatory interactions between genes. In addition, in a number of cases, in situ analysis has revealed novel roles for genes not previously predicted by mutational analysis.
Measurements of near forward scattered laser light in a large inertial confinement fusion plasma (invited) (1999)

We describe an instrument which measures the angular spread and spectrum of near forward scattered laser light from a probe beam in a long scalelength laser plasma. The instrument consists of a combination of time integrating and time resolving detectors which measure the scattered light amplitude over four orders of magnitude for a range of angles. These measurements allow us to study the beam spray resulting from various laser and plasma conditions and determine the density fluctuations associated with this beam spray.