gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel acrylamido monomers with higher hydrophilicity and improved hydrolytic stability: II. Properties of <i>N</i>‐acryloylaminopropanol (1996)

The physico-chemical properties and the electrophoretic behavior of the novel set of monomers reported by (Simò-Alfonso et al., Electrophoresis 1996, 17, 723-731) have been evaluated. Of utmost importance was the combination of high hydrophilicity and extreme hydrolytic stability, most desired properties for, any electrophoretic matrix, especially for protein fractionation. One of these monomers (N-acryloylaminopropanol, AAP) was found indeed to be extremely hydrophilic (with a partition coefficient P of only 0.10, vs. P = 0.13 for N-acryloylaminoethoxyethanol and P = 0.20 for acrylamide) and to possess excellent stability to alkaline hydrolysis. Its hydrolysis constant (0.008 L mol-1 min-1), as a free monomer, in an alkaline milieu, was found to be about one order of magnitude lower than conventional acrylamide (0.05 L mol-1 min-1). In the polymer state, the resistance to hydrolysis of poly(AAP) was assessed as 500 times greater than a conventional poly(acrylamide) matrix.
Synthesis of fluorine-containing peptides. Analogs of angiotensin II containing hexafluorovaline (1981)

Gamma, gammma, gammma, gammma', gamma', gammma'-Hexafluorovaline and derivatives have been prepared and incorporated into angiotensin II by fragment condensation and solid-phase peptide synthesis. Hexafluorovaline derivatives showed general resistance toward various enzymatic digestions and the tendency to racemize extensively upon carboxyl activation. When the angiotensin II analogues were assayed on rat uterus, [Hfv5]AII had 133% activity, [D-Hfv5]AII was inactive, and [Ac-Asn1,DL-Hfv8]AII was a potent inhibitor of angiotensin II in vitro and in vivo.
Polypropylene/polyethylene blends as models for high‐impact propylene–ethylene copolymers, part 1: Interaction between rheology and morphology (2012)

Abstract In this work, composition effects on interfacial tension and morphology of binary polyolefin blends were studied using rheology and electron microscopy. The amount of dispersed phase (5–30 wt %) and its type [ethylene–octene copolymer, linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and high‐density polyethylene] was varied, and the influence of different matrix materials was also studied by using a polypropylene homopolymer and a ethylene–propylene (EP) random copolymer. The particle size distribution of the blends was determined using micrographs from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A clear matrix effect on the flow behavior could be found from the viscosity curves of the blends. Analyzing the viscosity of the blends applying the logarithmic mixing rule indicated a partial miscibility of the EP random copolymer with low amounts of the LLDPE in the melt. Micrographs from TEM also showed a clear difference in morphology if the base polymer is changed, with PE lamellae growing out of the inclusions or being present directly embedded in the matrix. To verify these findings, the interfacial tension was determined. The applicability of Palierne's emulsion model was found to be limited for such complex systems, whereas Gramespacher–Meissner analysis led to interfacial tensions comparable with those already reported in the literature. The improved compatibility when changing the matrix polymer from the homopolymer to the random copolymer allows the development of multiphase materials with finer phase structure, which will also result in improved mechanical and optical performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Identification of the major water/salt insoluble wheat proteins involved in cereal hypersensitivity (1997)

Summary Background Several studies have investigated water/salt soluble proteins which comprise 50% of the proteins in wheat. The remaining 50% of wheat proteins, are water/salt insoluble proteins of which there is limited information on their role in cereal hypersensitivity. Objectives To investigate the allergenicity of the water/salt insoluble gliadin and glutenin proteins (prolamins). Methods RAST, electrophoresis and Western blotting were used to identify water/salt insoluble wheat allergens. Competitive RAST inhibition was conducted to investigate cross‐reactivity between prolamins and water/salt soluble wheat proteins. Results Specific IgE to α‐gliadin and to total glutenins were detected in all sera. IgE to β‐, γ‐, fast ω‐, and slow ω‐gliadin were present in lower numbers of sera. Prolamin allergens of 90–11 kDa were identified by immunoblotting. Water/salt soluble proteins crossreacted with a‐gliadin and total glutenins. Conclusions Individuals who are hypersensitive to water/salt soluble wheat proteins produce specific IgE to water/salt insoluble wheat proteins. Western blotting has shown that gliadins, glutenins and proteins with similar molecular weights as the endogenous water/salt soluble wheat enzyme inhibitors are important allergens. Alpha and fast ω‐ are the most allergenic gliadins. The water/salt insoluble proteins share cross‐reacting epitopes with water/salt soluble proteins. These data show that the numbers of proteins involved in the development of cereal hypersensitivity is greater than previously believed and that the development of specific IgE to α‐gliadin may in part depend on the presence of cross‐reacting antibodies to water/salt soluble flour allergens.
Low Temperature Sintering of Inkjet Printed Metal Precursor Inks for Organic Electronic Applications (2013)

As a nascent technology that developed during the last decades from only printing text and graphics into an important scientific research tool for R&D, inkjet printers are nowadays used as a highly reproducible non-contact patterning tool. In contrast to non-digital patterning tools, inkjet printing represents an additive technique that requires only small amounts of functional materials and is therefore characterized as being a highly efficient materials patterning technique. In particular, inkjet printing of metal precursor materials has been used more and more during the last few years, in order to produce conductive features for plastic electronic applications.Here, we present our recent results in the sintering of inkjet printed metal nanoparticle dispersion on cost-effective polymer foils. In order to sinter the particles at speeds that are compatible with roll-to-roll speeds, we have used combinations of innovative sintering methods. Conductivity values between 40 and 60% were hereby obtained in a few seconds to minutes by using either photonic or plasma pre-sintering followed by microwave flash sintering.
Sandia's Quantum Scientific Computing Open User Testbed (QSCOUT) (2020)

Abstract not provided.
ALEMTUZUMAB INDUCTION AND TACROLIMUS MAINTENANCE IMMUNOSUPPRESSION WITH AND WITHOUT MYCOPHENOLIC ACID IN KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION (2010)

Samy, K.; Rees, M.; Selman, S.; Malhotra, D.; Kaw, D.; Ratnam, S.; Shapiro, J. Author Information
Paper upon Marine Assurance. Presented to the Institute of Actuaries, May, 1852 (1852)

The interest which the Members of the Institute of Actuaries take in all matters relating to assurance, has induced me to present a few statements which exhibit the loss upon marine risks under certain classifications; and at the request of their valuable and talented secretary, I lay before them the data upon which tables for assuring the following benefits were constructed by me in the early part of last year for a projected company.
International survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cardiologists regarding prevention and management of cardiac implantable electronic device infections (2017)

These data suggest wide variability in clinical practice in managing CIED infection with significant deviations from published guidelines. There is critical need to increase awareness and develop institutional protocols to ensure adherence with evidence-based guidelines to optimize outcomes.
Cytokine Removal with a Novel Adsorbent Polymer (2004)

<i>Background/Aims:</i> We sought to characterize a novel adsorbent polymer in terms of cytokine removal. <i>Methods:</i> We challenged 50 rats with lipopolysaccharide to obtain cytokine-rich blood and circulated this through cartridges containing polymer. In separate experiments, cell-free supernatants were passed through cartridges containing polymer. We measured tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 10 and interleukin 6 concentrations under a variety of conditions to evaluate adsorption kinetics. <i>Results:</i> All three cytokines were rapidly removed from the blood with less than 50% of the initial concentrations present after 1 h of circulation through the cartridge. There was no significant difference in the effect across a range of blood flows and Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations. Adsorption was decreased somewhat by extremely low temperature (4°C). <i>Conclusion:</i> The adsorbent polymer removes cytokines with high efficiency, and binding is relatively unaffected by a variety of physical conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of the Reduction Temperature on the Properties of Silica‐ Supported Nickel Catalysts. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New Proteases in a Ubiquitin Stew (2002)

Proteins destined for degradation in the cell9s garbage disposal unit, the proteasome, must first receive a ubiquitin tag. In his Perspective,
 Hochstrasser
 discusses new work (Vermaet al.,
 Copeet al.) that reveals the vital link between removal of the ubiquitin tag in the proteasome and degradation of the targeted protein. Proteins are deubiquitinated in the proteasome by a zinc-dependent metalloprotease, and protein degradation cannot take place in the absence of this enzyme.
Fibronectin mediates Opc‐dependent internalization of <i>Neisseria meningitidis</i> in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (2002)

A central step in the pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) is the interaction of the bacteria with cells of the blood-brain barrier. In the present study, we analysed the invasive potential of two strains representing hypervirulent meningococcal lineages of the ET-5 and ET-37 complex in human brain-derived endothelial cells (HBEMCs). In contrast to previous observations made with epithelial cells and human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells (HUVECs), significant internalization of encapsulated meningococci by HBMECs was observed. However, this uptake was found only for the ET-5 complex isolate MC 58, and not for an ET-37 complex strain. Furthermore, the uptake of meningococci by HBMECs depended on the presence of human serum, whereas serum of bovine origin did not promote the internalization of meningococci in HBMECs. By mutagenesis experiments, we demonstrate that internalization depended on the expression of the opc gene, which is present in meningococci of the ET-5 complex, but absent in ET-37 complex meningococci. Chromatographic separation of human serum proteins revealed fibronectin as the uptake-promoting serum factor, which binds to HBMECs via alpha 5 beta 1 integrin receptors. These data provide evidence for unique molecular mechanisms of the interaction of meningococci with endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier and contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of meningitis caused by meningococci of different clonal lineages.
Biological Evaluation of the Factors Affecting the Protein Quality of Fish Meals (1960)

FISH meals have been used for many years as protein concentrates and as source of unidentified factors in animal feeds. The high protein content and the excellent amino acid balance make fish meal a very valuable dietary protein supplement. In addition there is ample evidence showing that fish meals contain accessory growth factors when added to diets considered to be complete otherwise. (Moeller and Scott, 1956; Ritchey, 1957; Rand et al., 1958.) It has been recognized that within the general class of commercial fish meals there is a great variation in nutritive value both in respect to their protein quality and potency in unidentified growth factors, supplementing practical rations. (Bender and Haizelden, 1957; McIntyre, 1957.) In anticipation of the manufacture of fish meal and fish flour, we became interested in a short term bioassay that would assist in controlling the effects of the processing procedure on the nutritive value of…
Life Cycle Assessment of SEWGS Technology Applied to Integrated Steel Plants (2019)

The environmental evaluation of the sorption-enhanced water–gas shift (SEWGS) process to be used for the decarbonization of an integrated steel mill through life cycle assessment (LCA) is the subject of the present paper. This work is carried out within the STEPWISE H2020 project (grant agreement No. 640769). LCA calculations were based on material and energy balances derived from experimental activities, modeling activities, and literature data. Wide system boundaries containing various upstream and downstream processes as well as the main integrated steel mill are drawn for the system under study. The environmental indicators of the SEWGS process are compared to another carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology applied to the iron and steel industry (e.g., gas–liquid absorption using MEA). The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for SEWGS technology is about 40%. For the other impact indicators, there is an increase in the SEWGS technology (in the range of 7.23% to 72.77%), which is mainly due to the sorbent production and transportation processes. Nevertheless, when compared with the post-combustion capture technology, based on gas–liquid absorption, from an environmental point of view, SEWGS performs significantly better, having impact factor values closer to the no-capture integrated steel mill.
FUEL INSTABILITY STUDIES: THE SYNTHESIS OF LONG CHAIN ALKYL SUBSTITUTED INDOLES (2000)

ABSTRACT The reactions that are responsible for fuel instability are complex and not well understood. GC/MS analysis of many different middle distillate and fuel oils showed that substituted indoles were always present in both the fuel itself and in the sediments formed by these fuels. The alkyl chain length of substitution of indoles found in fuels varies with distillation range. Indoles found in the middle distillate fraction have an average alkyl chain length of one to eight carbons while in fuel oils, the alkyl side chain can be up to twelve or fourteen carbons in length. Commercially, only short chain alkyl substituted indoles are available. This paper presents our results for the synthesis of long alkyl chain substituted indoles to be used for instability studies. Keywords: Fuel instabilitycondensation reactionssubstituted indolesindole reaction mechanisms.
Endovascular Repair of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Dissections (2004)

This chapter contains section titled: Conventional Open Surgical Repair Endovascular Stent—Graft Repair Patient Selection and Preoperative Assessment Imaging Studies Device Selection Operative Approaches and Technical Considerations Thoracic Aortic Dissections Results of Stent—Graft Repair Conclusions Epidemiology Etiology Natural History
Two TIP‐like genes encoding aquaporins are expressed in sunflower guard cells (1997)

SunTIP7 and SunTIP20 are closely related sunflower cDNAs showing a deduced amino acid sequence homologous to proteins of the tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP) family. Their expression in Xenopus oocytes caused a marked increase in osmotic water permeability (demonstrating that they are water channels) which was sensitive to mercury. In leaves, in situ hybridization revealed that both SunTIP7 and SunTIP20 mRNA accumulated in the guard cells. The possible involvement of SunTIPs in stomatal movement was examined by comparing the time course of transcript accumulation and leaf conductance during the daily cycle and following a water limitation. SunTIP7 mRNA fluctuations fitted changes occurring in leaf conductance. The transcript levels were markedly and systematically increased during stomatal closure. It is suggested that aquaporin SunTIP7 facilitates water exit associated with a decrease in guard cell volume. In the same conditions, the transcript level of SunTIP20 remained constant indicating that SunTIP genes are differentially regulated within the same cell.
Neue helicale Moleküle, X. Synthesen und chiroptische Eigenschaften diastereomeren‐und enantiomerenreiner Thiophenophane (1985)

Abstract Die funktionalisierten helical‐chiralen Verbindungen 2 – 4 und 6, 7 werden synthetisiert, die Diastereomeren 4a, b und 7a, b getrennt. Aus der Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 7a ergibt sich die absolute Konfiguration der Helix zu P ‐(+) und ein mit 19.8° hoher Torsionswinkel zwischen den Ringen A, B und C (Abb. 1). Die H i ‐Protonen der beiden m ‐Phenylen‐Ringe von 2 – 4 und 6, 7 haben bis zu 0.5 ppm unterschiedliche chemische Verschiebungen. Aus der Korrelation der CD‐Kurven von 4, 6, 7 mit der Röntgenstruktur von 7a läßt sich die absolute Konfiguration von 1 ‐Derivaten ermitteln.
Preventing Sudden Cardiac Arrest in the Heart Failure Patient (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Pharmacologic therapies to prevent SCA in heart failure Which heart failure patients benefit from the ICD? The clinical dilemma: How to use the guidelines Clinical risk scores may improve risk stratification for SCA Emerging technologies to improve the risk stratification for SCA Conclusions Acknowledgements References
Die Triplettzustände bei Verbindungen vom Typ des Tschitschibabinschen Kohlenwasserstoffs (1973)

Abstract Für eine Gruppe von elf Verbindungen vom Typ des Tschitschibabinschen Kohlenwasserstoffs werden die Resultate von ESR‐Messungen mitgeteilt. Die experimentell zugänglichen Nullfeldaufspaltungsparameter D und E sowie die Energiedifferenzen zwischen niedrigstem Triplettzustand und Singulett‐Grundzustand werden mit quantenmechanischen Berechnungen verglichen. Hückel‐Rechnungen für diese Größen führen zu guten Ergebnissen, wenn man die Verdrillungen der Moleküle berücksichtigt. Aus den Rechnungen ergibt sich auf diese Weise zugleich ein Satz von wahrscheinlichen Verdrillungswinkeln. Außerdem läßt sich verstehen, warum bei den zwei einfachsten Vertretern der Verbindungsklasse keine Valenztautomerie nachweisbar ist.
Human-level Performance On Automatic Head Biometrics In Fetal Ultrasound Using Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Measurement of head biometrics from fetal ultrasonography images is of key importance in monitoring the healthy development of fetuses. However, the accurate measurement of relevant anatomical structures is subject to large inter-observer variability in the clinic. To address this issue, an automated method utilizing Fully Convolutional Networks (FCN) is proposed to determine measurements of fetal head circumference (HC) and biparietal diameter (BPD). An FCN was trained on approximately 2000 2D ultrasound images of the head with annotations provided by 45 different sonographers during routine screening examinations to perform semantic segmentation of the head. An ellipse is fitted to the resulting segmentation contours to mimic the annotation typically produced by a sonographer. The model's performance was compared with inter-observer variability, where two experts manually annotated 100 test images. Mean absolute model-expert error was slightly better than inter-observer error for HC (1.99mm vs 2.16mm), and comparable for BPD (0.61mm vs 0.59mm), as well as Dice coefficient (0.980 vs 0.980). Our results demonstrate that the model performs at a level similar to a human expert, and learns to produce accurate predictions from a large dataset annotated by many sonographers. Additionally, measurements are generated in near real-time at 15fps on a GPU, which could speed up clinical workflow for both skilled and trainee sonographers.
Cardiac Fibrosis and Arrhythmogenesis (2017)

Myocardial injury, mechanical stress, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and/or aging all lead to cardiac remodeling, which is responsible for cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. Of the key histological components of cardiac remodeling, fibrosis either in the form of interstitial, patchy, or dense scars, constitutes a key histological substrate of arrhythmias. Here we discuss current research findings focusing on the role of fibrosis, in arrhythmogenesis. Numerous studies have convincingly shown that patchy or interstitial fibrosis interferes with myocardial electrophysiology by slowing down action potential propagation, initiating reentry, promoting after-depolarizations, and increasing ectopic automaticity. Meanwhile, there has been increasing appreciation of direct involvement of myofibroblasts, the activated form of fibroblasts, in arrhythmogenesis. Myofibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes with expression of gap-junctions and ion channels thereby forming direct electrical coupling with cardiomyocytes, which potentially results in profound disturbances of electrophysiology. There is strong evidence that systemic and regional inflammatory processes contribute to fibrogenesis (i.e., structural remodeling) and dysfunction of ion channels and Ca2+ homeostasis (i.e., electrical remodeling). Recognizing the pivotal role of fibrosis in the arrhythmogenesis has promoted clinical research on characterizing fibrosis by means of cardiac imaging or fibrosis biomarkers for clinical stratification of patients at higher risk of lethal arrhythmia, as well as preclinical research on the development of antifibrotic therapies. At the end of this review, we discuss remaining key questions in this area and propose new research approaches. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1009-1049, 2017.
A maximum entropy approach to nonmonotonic reasoning (1993)

An approach to nonmonotonic reasoning that combines the principle of infinitesimal probabilities with that of maximum entropy, thus extending the inferential power of the probabilistic interpretation of defaults, is proposed. A precise formalization of the consequences entailed by a conditional knowledge base is provided, the computational machinery necessary for drawing these consequences is developed, and the behavior of the maximum entropy approach is compared to related work in default reasoning. The resulting formalism offers a compromise between two extremes: the cautious approach based on the conditional interpretations of defaults and the bold approach based on minimizing abnormalities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Xanthine oxidase activation mediates intermittent hypoxia increased NADPH oxidase activity (710.3) (2014)

We previously showed that NADPH oxidases (Nox) especially Nox2 mediate systemic and cellular responses to intermittent hypoxia (IH). However, the mechanisms by which IH activates Nox2 have not been examined. We recently reported that xanthine oxidase (XO) activation by IH generates ROS which leads to increased intracellular calcium. Given that calcium activated PKC is required for Nox2 activation, we tested the hypothesis that XO activation mediates IH increased Nox activity via ROS augmented calcium. Allopurinol, a XO inhibitor or silencing of XO in PC12 cells prevented IH‐induced Nox2 activation by inhibiting Nox2 complex formation at the membrane. Treatment of cells with Xanthine/XO under normoxia mimicked the effects of IH. Our results further demonstrate that ROS generated by XO, contribute to IH induced Nox activation by increasing intracellular calcium levels. IH augmented PKC activity by phosphorylation of alpha subunit which was inhibited by allopurinol and BAPTA (calcium chleator). More importantly, inhibition of PKC activity by allopurinol abolished Nox2 complex formation. These results demonstrate that ROS generated by XO activates PKC alpha via calcium resulting in IH augmented Nox activity. Supported HL‐ ‐90554. Grant Funding Source : HL‐90554