gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety of avirulent histomonads to be used as a vaccine determined in turkeys and chickens (2011)

In the present work, chickens and turkeys were infected with virulent or attenuated Histomonas meleagridis to investigate and compare the effect of both isolates on birds. Thereby, histomonads of a clonal culture were propagated in vitro either for a short period of time (21 passages) to preserve virulence or for 295 passages to achieve attenuation. On the first day of life birds of each species were infected with either virulent or attenuated parasites. Throughout the experiment, all birds were examined daily for clinical signs attributable to the infection. Furthermore, the excretion of viable parasites was determined after in vitro reisolation from cloacal swabs. For the investigation of pathological changes of organs a defined number of infected birds were killed on d 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 postinfection (PI) and necropsy was performed. By this routine, changes in livers and ceca were classified by a scoring system to evaluate the severity of lesions. Samples of cecum, liver, and lung were generated and screened for the presence of parasites by PCR and immunohistochemistry. Turkeys infected with virulent histomonads showed first clinical manifestation of histomonosis on d 10 PI, whereas the remaining birds did not express clinical signs. Positive reisolations of virulent and attenuated histomonads were obtained intermittently from individual chickens and turkeys from d 2 PI until the end of the experiment. Both species of birds displayed lesions in the ceca and the liver following infection with virulent parasites, whereas no changes occurred in birds inoculated with attenuated histomonads. The PCR revealed the dissemination of virulent histomonads in ceca, livers, and lungs of some chickens and turkeys in contrast to attenuated parasites, which were exclusively found in cecal samples. The attenuated isolate of H. meleagridis did not induce clinical signs or pathological changes and offers high safety after infection of chickens and turkeys. Therefore, the in vitro attenuation and the use of avirulent histomonads represent a viable tool for vaccination against histomonosis.
Performance of Equipment Used in High-Pressure Steam Floods (1966)

Abstract The high temperature and pressures encountered in steam flooding have necessitated the use of premium and, in many cases, unique equipment. Field results from three steam flood installations give an insight as to the performance of high-pressure equipment when subjected to the accompanying high temperatures. Performance of the equipment and factors entering into the selection of equipment for steam flood installations are discussed. Introduction Recovery of low-gravity, high-viscosity crude oil from relatively shallow reservoirs is becoming feasible through the application of steam flooding. Pan American Petroleum Corp. initiated a pilot steam flood with a 5.36 million Btu/hour, 1,500-psi steam generator at the Winkleman Dome field in west central Wyoming in March, 1964. After one year of operation, this steamer was replaced with a larger unit capable of 12 million Btu/hour at 2,500 psi. Two other pilot steam flood projects were started at that time using 12 million Btu/hour, 2,500-psi steam generators, one at the Salt Creek Shannon field and another at the Fourbear field, both in Wyoming. This paper discusses the equipment used in high-pressure steam flooding and reviews some of the problems encountered in the application of the equipment. Where determined, a suggested solution is presented. The discussion follows the conventional flow of water and steam: water treating. steam generation, steam control and transmission, wellhead and subsurface equipment, and instruments and data collection (Fig. 1). The steam generation and transmission equipment discussed in this paper has been designed for 2,500-psi saturated steam service. Maximum operating conditions have been 1,875 psi and 626F. Water Treating Successful operation of steam generation equipment depends primarily upon a good source of water combined with an effective water treating system. Experience gained in the past two years of pilot steam flood operation indicates the majority of steamer down-time is caused by water treating problems. The quality of raw water dictates the amount of treating required; therefore, it is imperative that the best water available should be used. Some criteria for a good quality raw water are: the water should be free of oil or filming amines; dissolved gases such as O2, C2 and H2S, should be absent or at least present only in trace amounts; total hardness should be low; and suspended solids concentration should be low. Since the quality requirements of water used in a single-pass steam generator are extremely stringent, it is unlikely that the available raw water can be used without some form of treatment. JPT P. 1525ˆ
The economic costs of Alzheimer's disease. (1987)

This paper estimates the economic costs of Alzheimer's Disease to individuals and to society, based on review of published Alzheimer's Disease-related research. The analysis is derived from epidemiological projections and cost information for the United States population in 1983. Estimated costs include both direct medical care and social support costs, as well as indirect costs, such as support services provided by family or volunteers, and the value of lost economic productivity in Alzheimer's Disease patients. Mid-range estimates of net annual expected costs for an Alzheimer's Disease patient, excluding the value of lost productivity, are $18,517 in the first year and $17,643 in subsequent years, with direct medical and social services comprising about half of these costs. Under base case assumptions, the total cost of disease per patient in 1983, was $48,544 to $493,277, depending upon patient's age at disease onset. The estimated present value of total net costs to society for all persons first diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease in 1983 was $27.9-31.2 billion. Development of a public or private insurance market for the economic burdens of Alzheimer's Disease would fill some of the gaps in the current US system of financing long-term chronic disease care.
E-Recruitment and its Effects on Organizational Creativity and Innovation in Nigerian Manufacturing Firms (2018)

Human resource has been of significant development in the field of organization as one cannot exaggerate its importance of humans to an organization as they can make or break a company’s reputation, which in turn adversely affect organizational performance. The aim of this research is to determine e-recruitment and its effects on organizational creativity and innovation in Nigerian manufacturing firms. Using qualitative research methods, a onetime survey was conducted in three selected Nigerian manufacturing firms. Primary data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical (t-test) techniques with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The findings of this study revealed that the most frequently used forms of recruitment were the internet, newspaper advertisement, TV/radio advertisement, transfer and promotions. Cost recruitment of recruiting applicants was the major challenge faced by the Nigerian manufacturing firms. The study concludes that labor productivity and organizational creativity can be increased by ensuring that organizations are more creative and up to date with technology.
Inhibition of LINE-1 retrotransposon-encoded reverse transcriptase modulates the expression of cell differentiation genes in breast cancer cells (2013)

Long Interspersed Elements (L1 elements) are biologically active retrotransposons that are capable of autonomous replication using their own reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. Expression of the normally repressed RT has been implicated in cancer cell growth. However, at present, little is known about the expression of L1-encoded RT activity or the molecular changes that are associated with RT activity in the development of breast cancer. Here, we report that RT activity is widespread in breast cancer cells. The expression of RT protein decreased markedly in breast cancer cells after treatment with the antiretroviral drug, efavirenz. While the majority of cells showed a significant reduction in proliferation, inhibition of RT was also accompanied by cell-specific differences in morphology. MCF7 cells displayed elongated microtubule extensions that adhered tightly to their substrate, while a large fraction of the T47D cells that we studied formed long filopodia projections. These morphological changes were reversible upon cessation of RT inhibition, confirming their dependence on RT activity. We also carried out gene expression profiling with microarrays and determined the genes that were differentially expressed during the process of cellular differentiation. Genes involved in proliferation, cell migration, and invasive activity were repressed in RT-inhibited cells. Concomitantly, genes involved in cell projection, formation of vacuolar membranes, and cell-to-cell junctions were significantly upregulated in RT-inhibited cells. qRT-PCR examination of the mRNA expression of these genes in additional cell lines yielded close correlation between their differential expression and the degree of cellular differentiation. Our study demonstrates that the inhibition of L1-encoded RT can reduce the rate of proliferation and promote differentiation of breast cancer cells. Together, these results provide a direct functional link between the expression of L1 retrotransposons and the development of breast cancer.
Generation of NTSC Color Signals (1953)

The generation of compatible color signals according to NTSC specifications is covered in this paper. The equation for the composite signal is stated in terms of voltages existing in the red, green, and blue channels, and methods of calculating and measuring the composite video signal produced by a synthetic color bar chart generator are given. The development of the signal from the channel outputs of a color flying-spot scanner is illustrated with block diagrams, and the performance of a number of units in the chain is described. The signal specifications described in this article were used by the NTSC for field testing during the latter part of the year 1951 and also during the year 1952. On the basis of these tests certain modifications of signal specifications were made in January, 1953. These are listed at the conclusion.
Function points in the estimation and evaluation of the software process (1990)

The authors report the results of an empirical research project on the consistency and limitations of the number of function points as an a priori measure of system size rather than the traditional lines-of-code measure. They conclude that function points are a more consistent a priori measure of system size. The results also indicate that the function-point estimate of size is lower for analysts experienced both in software development and in function-point estimation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Adaptive Control Strategy for Resource Allocation of Service-Based Systems in Cloud Environment (2015)

Service-based systems (SBS) resource allocation in cloud computing environment is important to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) to satisfy requirements of service requests as well as reduce operating costs. In this paper, a control strategy is presented to allocate the system resources of cloud provider to the servers using PID self tuning adaptive control dynamically. Meanwhile, an adaptive mechanism using Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network is devised to adjust parameters of PID controller adaptively in run time. Experimental results show that the approach enables to satisfy the requirements of services-requests with less adjustment of resource allocation, and has better adaptive ability and stability compared to conventional PID control.
Selective manipulation of electronically excited states through strong light–matter interactions (2018)

Strong coupling between light and matter leads to the spontaneous formation of hybrid light-matter states, having different energies than the uncoupled states. This opens up for new ways of modifying the energy landscape of molecules without changing their atoms or structure. Heavy metal-free organic light emitting diodes (OLED) use reversed intersystem crossing (RISC) to harvest light from excited triplet states. This is a slow process, thus increasing the rate of RISC could potentially enhance OLED performance. Here we demonstrate selective coupling of the excited singlet state of Erythrosine B without perturbing the energy level of a nearby triplet state. The coupling reduces the triplet-singlet energy gap, leading to a four-time enhancement of the triplet decay rate, most likely due to an enhanced rate of RISC. Furthermore, we anticipate that strong coupling can be used to create energy-inverted molecular systems having a singlet ground and lowest excited state.
Airborne Passive Localization Method Based on Doppler-Phase Interference Measuring (2012)

Airborne passive localization with single station is a key technique which is quickly developing lately. If the exact localization to target can be realized in single mobile platform, its significance is self-evident. Because the information content obtained by single station is lesser, the difficulty would be obviously bigger relative to multi-station observation.
Insertion of inter-domain linkers improves expression and bioactivity of Zygote arrest (Zar) fusion proteins (2017)

Developmentally important proteins that are crucial for fertilization and embryogenesis are synthesized through highly regulated translation of maternal mRNA. The Zygote arrest proteins, Zar1 and Zar2, are crucial for embryogenesis and have been implicated in binding mRNA and repressing mRNA translation. To investigate Zar1 and Zar2, the full-length proteins had been fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST) or MS2 protein tags with minimal inter-domain linkers derived from multiple cloning sites; however, these fusion proteins expressed poorly and/or lacked robust function. Here, we tested the effect of inserting additional linkers between the fusion domains. Three linkers were tested, each 17 amino acids long with different physical and chemical properties: flexible hydrophilic, rigid extended or rigid helical. In the presence of any of the three linkers, GST-Zar1 and GST-Zar2 had fewer breakdown products. Moreover, in the presence of any of the linkers, MS2-Zar1 was expressed to higher levels, and in dual luciferase tethered assays, both MS2-Zar1 and MS2-Zar2 repressed luciferase translation to a greater extent. These data suggest that for Zar fusion proteins, increasing the length of linkers, regardless of their physical or chemical properties, improves stability, expression and bioactivity.
The Strengthening of Transmission Tower Foundations Using Grouted Anchor Bars (1994)

The application of the grouted anchor bars for the strengthening of the transmission tower foundations is analyzed.
Effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on growth and lactate utilization by the ruminal bacterium Megasphaera elsdenii (1995)

— This study evaluated the effect of a yeast culture (YEA-SACC) filter-sterilized filtrate on the growth and lactate uptake by the ruminal bacteria Megasphaera elsdenii. The levels of filtrate used (v/v) were 0, 1, 2.5, 5%. M elsdenii was cultured in ATCC 566 modified medium, under anaero- bic conditions, for 24 h at 39C in batch culture. The treatment caused a linear improvement in lactate utilization and bacterial dry matter production: a 60% increase over the control for a 5% YEA-SACC supplement. The addition of 2.5 and 5% of YEA-SACC resulted in an improvement of the total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and modified the ratio between the VFA: there was a slight decrease in acetate. The treatment also increased Y!ACTArE. These results may be partially due to malic acid, present in the YEA-SACC. Malic acid was shown to stimulate the growth rate (after 8 h of incubation) of M elsdenii when amounts of 1, 5 or 10 mM were added to the culture medium. lactate utilization / bacterial growth / Megasphaera elsdenii / Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rsum — Effet d'une culture de Saccharomyces cerevisiae sur la croissance et l'utilisation de l'acide lactique par la bactrie du rumen Megasphaera elsden. Ce travail tudie l'effet d'un filtrat de levure strilis sur la croissance et le mtabolisme de l'acide lactique par la bactrie du rumen Megasphaera elsden. Le traitement a t effectu 4 niveaux 0, 1, 2,5 et 5% (vlv). Pour la prparation du filtrat, 5 g de levure (YEA-SACC) ont t agits pendant 1 h dans 50 mi d'eau bidistille. La sus- pension obtenue a t filtre sur papier filtre et strilise par filtres ayant une porosit de 0,45 pm. M elsden a t cultive 39'C pendant 24 h, en anarobiose. Tous les traitements appliqus ont am- lior la capacit mtaboliser l'acide lactique, et la synthse de matire sche bactrienne. Les rsul- tats ont t proportionnels la quantit du filtrat ajout. Les 2 paramtres pris en considration ont mon- tr une amlioration de 60% pour le niveau le plus lev (5%). L'efficacit de croissance (Y LACTATE ) a t uniquement amliore par le traitement intermdiaire. La production d'acides gras volatils (AGV) est augmente 2,5 et 5%. Les ratios molaires entre AGV ont t galement changs montrant une diminution de l'acide actique. Ces effets peuvent tre partiellement dus la prsence d'acide malique dans le filtrat utilis. En effet, en ajoutant 10 mM d'acide malique, la vitesse de croissance de M els- denii augmente. utilisation du lactatelcroissance bactrienne/Megasphaera elsden /Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Resource partitioning and tolerance of monoterpenes in four species of spruce aphid (1996)

Abstract. The tolerance of four species of aphids to myrcene was assessed by measuring the mortality of aphids exposed to different amounts of this monoterpene.Each species was found to exhibit significantly different levels of tolerance to myrcene.which is explicable in terms of the likely concentration of myrcene at the feeding site of each species. Tolerance to monoterpenes maybe specific only to those encountered in high concentrations at the feeding site.whereas others are found to be toxic.This suggests that each species has become physiologically adapted to tolerate different levels of the specific monoterpenes that occur in the microhabitats they occupy.
PLASTICIZING WOOD WITH LIQUID AMMONIA (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPLASTICIZING WOOD WITH LIQUID AMMONIAConrad SchuerchCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1963, 55, 10, 39Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50646a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50646a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Enhanced Butanol Production by<i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i>NCIMB 13357 Grown on Date Fruit as Carbon Source in P2 Medium (2014)

The production of biobutanol was studied by the cultivation of Clostridium acetobutylicum NCIMB 13557 in P2 medium including date fruit as the sole substrate. The effect of P2 medium and the effect of different concentrations of date fruit ranging from 10 to 100 g/L on biobutanol production were investigated. Anaerobic batch culture was carried out at 35 °C incubation temperature and pH 7.0 ± 0.2 for 72 h. Experimental results showed that the lowest yield of biobutanol and acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) was 0.32 and 0.35 gram per gram of carbohydrate consumed (g/g), respectively, when an initial date fruit concentration of 10 g/L was utilized. At this fruit date concentration a biobutanol production value of 1.56 g/L was obtained. On the other hand, the maximum yield of biobutanol (0.48 g/g) and ABE (0.63 g/g) was produced at 50 g/L date fruit concentration with a biobutanol production value as high as 11 g/L. However, when a higher initial date fruit concentration was used, biobutanol and ABE production decreased to reach the yield of 0.22 g/g and 0.35 g/g, respectively, where 100 g/L date fruit was used. Similar results also revealed that 10.03 g/L biobutanol was produced using 100 g/L date fruit.
Simultaneous state, Vt and Tox assignment for total standby power minimization (2004)

Standby leakage current minimization is a pressing concern for mobile applications that rely on standby modes to extend battery life. Also, gate oxide leakage current (I/sub gate/) has become comparable to subthreshold leakage (I/sub sub/) in 90 nm technologies. In this paper, we propose a new method that uses a combined approach of sleep-state, threshold voltage (V/sub t/ and gate oxide thickness (T/sub ox/) assignments in a dual-V/sub t/ and dual-T/sub ox/ process to minimize both I/sub sub/ and I/sub gate/. Using this method, total leakage current can be dramatically reduced since in a known state in standby mode, only certain transistors are responsible for leakage current and need to be considered for high-V/sub t/ or thick-T/sub ox/ assignment. We formulate the optimization problem for simultaneous state, V/sub t/ and T/sub ox/ assignments under delay constraints and propose two practical heuristics. We implemented and tested the proposed methods on a set of synthesized benchmark circuits. Results show an average leakage current reduction of 5a-6X and 2-3X compared to previous approaches that only use state or state+V/sub t/ assignment, respectively, with small delay penalties.
A hydrodynamic mechanism for the disintegration of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in an industrial homogenizer (1975)

Abstract Amongst the commercial type of homogenizers the Manton‐GaulinAPV homogenizer (APV Company Ltd., Crawley, Surrey, England) which is generally being used for other purposes than cell disintegration processes, has recently been proved to be effective for the breakage of yeast cells. To understand fully the disintegration process occurring in such machines it becomes necessary to describe their functions through mathematical expressionsbased on a realistic hydrodynamic model. A mathematical expression describing the protein release at an applied pressure has been derived from an energy balance in the homogenizer combined with the size distribution function of yeast cell population. This expression has been confirmed experimentally under conditions where it shows that turbulence is the controlling factor in the system. Furthermore it indicates the area where more investigations are needed to improve the efficiency of the process of disintegration.
Editorial (2009)

Article in PDF About the Author Title in English: - Title in Czech/Slovak: ÃvodnÃ­ slovo Author(s): Libor Frank Type: Editorial Language: Czech Abstract: - Journal: Obrana a strategie (Defence & Strategy) Publisher: University of Defence ISSN: ISSN 1214-6463 (print) and ISSN 1802-7199 (on-line) DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.09.2009.01.003-003 Issue: Volume 9, Number 1 (June 2009)