gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The spectrum of retinopathy in adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria (2009)

A specific retinopathy has been described in African children with cerebral malaria, but in adults this has not been extensively studied. Since the structure and function of the retinal vasculature greatly resembles the cerebral vasculature, study of retinal changes can reveal insights into the pathophysiology of cerebral malaria. A detailed observational study of malarial retinopathy in Bangladeshi adults was performed using high-definition portable retinal photography. Retinopathy was present in 17/27 adults (63%) with severe malaria and 14/20 adults (70%) with cerebral malaria. Moderate or severe retinopathy was more frequent in cerebral malaria (11/20, 55%) than in uncomplicated malaria (3/15, 20%; P=0.039), bacterial sepsis (0/5, 0%; P=0.038) or healthy controls (0/18, 0%; P<0.001). The spectrum of malarial retinopathy was similar to that previously described in African children, but no vessel discolouration was observed. The severity of retinal whitening correlated with admission venous plasma lactate (P=0.046), suggesting that retinal ischaemia represents systemic ischaemia. In conclusion, retinal changes related to microvascular obstruction were common in adults with severe falciparum malaria and correlated with disease severity and coma, suggesting that a compromised microcirculation has important pathophysiological significance in severe and cerebral malaria. Portable retinal photography has potential as a valuable tool to study malarial retinopathy.
Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease: detection of mutations Thr181----Pro and Leu223----Pro in the proteolipid protein gene, and prenatal diagnosis. (1992)

A family with an apparent history of X-linked Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease presented for genetic counseling, requesting carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis. RFLP analysis using the proteolipid protein (PLP) gene probe was uninformative in this family. A prenatal diagnosis on a chorionic villus sample (CVS) was carried out using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of a variant in exon 4 of the PLP gene. The fetus was predicted to be unaffected. Sequencing of the exon from the CVS, the predicted-carrier mother, and the obligate-carrier grandmother revealed an A-to-C change at nucleotide 541 in the two women but not in the fetus. As this change results in a Thr-to-Pro change at amino acid 181 in a region of the gene predicted to be part of a transmembrane segment, it was concluded that this was the mutation causing the disease in this family. In addition, in a second family, an exon 5 variant band pattern on SSCP analysis was shown by sequencing to be due to a T-to-C change at nucleotide 668. This results in a Leu-to-Pro change in a carrier mother and in her two affected sons. These results provide further examples of mutations in PLP that cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease and illustrate the value of SSCP in genetic analysis.
Positive and negative emotional verbal stimuli elicit activity in the left amygdala (2002)

The human amygdala's involvement in negative emotion is well established, but relatively little is known regarding its role in positive emotion. Here we examined the neural response to emotionally positive, negative, and neutral words using fMRI. Relative to neutral words, positive and negative emotional words elicited greater activity in the left amygdala. Positive but not negative words elicited activity in dorsal and ventral striatal regions which have been linked in previous neuroimaging studies to reward and positive affect, including caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, and accumbens. These findings provide the first direct evidence that the amygdala is involved in emotional reactions elicited by both positive and negative emotional words, and further indicate that positive words additionally activate brain regions related to reward.
The Entertainment Value of a Trial: How Media Access to the Courtroom Is Changing the American Judicial Process (2003)

Recent interest by the American public in high profile court cases has led to an increased media presence in the courtroom.At the time of the O.J. Simpson trial, every American had the power to turn on their televisions and witness the unfolding of a real-life courtroom drama at any time of day. 1 More recently in 2000 and 2001, the "hockey dad" trial dominated headlines across the country. 2 In that case, two fathers engaged in a physical altercation stemming from rough play at their children's hockey practice, re-127.
Bidirectional Nonreciprocal Wavelength-Interleaving Coherent Fiber Transversal Filter (2004)

A bidirectional nonreciprocal wavelength-interleaving filter based on an optically coherent high birefringence fiber transversal filter structure is demonstrated. Stable, low loss, low dispersion, and high isolation operation is demonstrated with reconfigurable transfer characteristics for interleaved channel spacing of 0.8 nm.
Political Economy of Course Evaluations (1973)

Professors Hansen and Kelley suggest practical guidelines for implementing course evaluation systems, drawing upon their experience at the University of Wisconsin. They develop a model to conceptualize course evaluations in the context of the professor's decision-making framework, focusing upon the allocation of time between teaching and research. Costs and benefits associated with collecting evaluations are considered, and ways of minimizing the former and maximizing the latter are suggested.
Altered Distribution of Tritiated Digoxin in the Infarcted Canine Left Ventricle (1972)

In order to determine the distribution pattern of digoxin in infarcted and ischemic tissue, the early uptake of tritiated digoxin ( 3 H-digoxin) in the acutely and chronically infarcted canine left ventricle (LV) was studied. Seven open-chest anesthetized dogs were given 3 H-digoxin intravenously 1 hour following acute anterior-wall infarction produced by serial coronary arterial branch ligations. Central and peripheral zones of infarction, ischemic border zones, and nonischemic myocardium were demarcated by epicardial electrode mapping. Two hours after 3 H-digoxin administration, animals were sacrificed and epicardial and endocardial samples from each zone were analyzed for 3 H-digoxin uptake. Significantly lower digoxin concentrations (ng/g wet weight ± ( sem ) were found in both endocardial (endo) and epicardial (epi) regions of the center (endo 27 ± 11; epi 58 ± 10) and periphery (endo 51 ± 13; epi 112 ± 13) of the infarct as compared to the border (endo 217 ± 21; epi 242 ± 15) and nonischemic (endo 256 ± 22; epi 220 ± 20) zones. Significant transmural gradients of the glycoside observed in infarct zones (endo/epi ratio 0.46) were the reverse of those found in nonischemic portions of the myocardium (endo/epi ratio 1.16). Four dogs with chronic infarcts showed 3 H-digoxin uptake patterns similar to acutely infarcted animals. In four sham-operated dogs, 3 H-digoxin uptake was homogeneous in all areas of the LV. This marked alteration of early 3 H-digoxin uptake by the infarcted LV may predispose to electrical instability and the genesis of ectopic rhythm disturbances. The pattern of LV digoxin uptake appears to reflect, at least in part, regional blood flow to infarcted, ischemic, and nonischemic tissue.
Left ventricular hypertrophy resulting from systemic hypertension: adaptive advantage and adverse consequences. (1991)

Left ventricular hypertrophy is the most important cardiovascular consequence of chronic systemic hypertension. While ventricular hypertrophy is an adaptive response to increased work load that preserves cardiac output, it nonetheless has adverse consequences. These include gradual systolic and diastolic dysfunction leading to congestive heart failure, an increased incidence of ventricular arrhythmias, accelerated atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, and alterations (anatomic and physiologic) in the coronary microvasculature. Additionally, the presence of hypertension and hypertrophy increases the likelihood of poor outcome when ischemic heart disease occurs. Chronic systemic hypertension is prevalent among African Americans, who are therefore at risk for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy and the increase in mortality that accompanies the hypertrophic response.
Stroomvoerende draad in magneetveld : stabiliteit van de stationaire toestanden (1972)

CURRENTLY, what might be called the fifth epidemic of interest in the chlamydiae is occurring. Investigation of this large, diverse group of micro-organisms containing a number of pathogens that are important in both human and animal diseases was initiated in the first decade of this century by Halberstaedter and Prowazek, who found characteristic intracytoplasmic inclusions in the conjunctival scrapings from patients with trachoma.1 Identical inclusions were found in the conjunctivas of neonates with an amicrobial form of ophthalmia neonatorum, and in cells of the genital tracts of some of these infants' parents who had urethritis or . . .
User-interested-keywords set discovery using rough sets for intelligent information agents (2002)

With the exponential growth of the World Wide Web, it becomes difficult and time-consuming for users to find what they are interested in. This leads to a clear demand for automated methods, commonly referred to as intelligent information agents. User interest mining, which is a key technology for implementation of intelligent information agents, has attracted much more attention recently. In content-based mining, due to the sheer amount of words in the Web pages, selecting keywords that describe users' interests is critical for the performance of intelligent information agents. Because rough sets theory shows its powerful ability in attribute selection from large data set, it has been attracting much attention since it was proposed by Z. Pawlak (1982). In this paper, we present a user-interested-keywords set discovery algorithm employing rough sets. We evaluate the classification precision of the discovered keyword sets by using the KNN classifier. The remarkable character of our algorithm is that users are not required to provide negative examples of no interest. Since users are not likely to save or spend time on anything they're not interested in, our algorithm is more reasonable and practical at this aspect. We test our algorithm on some Web pages that a user has browsed. Experiments demonstrate that our algorithm can create satisfactory user-interested-keywords set.
Nickel cadmium batteries in UPS design features (2003)

The author presents design features and service experience gained which indicate why the nickel-cadmium pocket plate battery is a viable alternative to lead-acid batteries in UPS (uninterruptible power supply) systems where reliable standby power is essential. Laboratory testing indicates that nickel-cadmium pocket plate batteries are not influenced by the unique voltage conditions in UPS systems. Field experience from a large number of installations confirms these results. Cost considerations are also reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Primary Prevention of Hypertension by Nutritional-Hygienic Means (1989)

A 5-year trial involving 201 men and women with high-normal blood pressure at baseline demonstrated the ability to reduce the incidence of hypertension in participants randomized to nutritional-hygienic intervention compared with a control group. The incidence of hypertension was 8.8% among 102 intervention group participants vs 19.2% among 99 control group members. The odds ratio for the incidence of hypertension in the control group was 2.4. Mean trial blood pressure also was lower in the intervention compared with the control group ( -1.2 and -1.9 mm Hg, respectively, for diastolic blood pressure at work-site and office visits and -1.3 and - 2.0 mm Hg, respectively, for systolic blood pressure at the two sites). Net weight loss in the intervention group averaged 2.7 kg during the trial; sodium intake was reduced by 25% and reported alcohol intake decreased by 30%. The majority of intervention participants also reported an increase in physical activity. Effect on blood pressure was related particularly to degree of weight loss. Results indicate that even a moderate reduction in risk factors for hypertension among hypertension-prone individuals contributes to the primary prevention of the disease. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1989;262:1801-1807)
An improved valence-arousal emotion space for video affective content representation and recognition (2009)

To understand video affective content automatically, the primary task is to transform the abstract concept of emotion into the form which can be handled by the computer easily. An improved V-A emotion space is proposed to address this problem. It unifies the discrete and dimensional emotion model by introducing the typical fuzzy emotion subspace. Fuzzy C-mean clustering (FCM) algorithm is adopted to divide the V-A emotion space into the subspaces and Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is used to determine their membership functions. Based on the proposed emotion space, the maximum membership principle and the threshold principle are introduced to represent and recognize video affective content. A video affective content database is created to validate the proposed model. The experimental results show that the improved emotion space can be used as a solution to represent and recognize video affective content.
Career progression in a Fortune 500 company: examination of the "glass ceiling" (1996)

This study examines the relationships of gender and race with the career progress of 2508 employees in the technical division of a Fortune 500 company: 1354 employees with bachelor's degrees (Level One) and 1154 employees with master's degrees (Level Two) in engineering and computer science. Using company records to measure employee promotions and controlling for level of education, female and nonwhite employees received fewer promotions than males or whites. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses found that gender differences in promotions could be explained by work-related variables, primarily organizational tenure. However, race added significant predictive ability for Level One (not Level Two) employees' current job level after controlling for work experience, tenure, job performance, and gender. Unexpectedly, marital status predicted the current job level for Level Two employees, with single employees receiving fewer promotions than married employees. These findings are discussed in light of theory and research.
<scp>M</scp>onte <scp>C</scp>arlo Simulation of <scp>CD</scp>‐<scp>SEM</scp> Images for Linewidth and Critical Dimension Metrology (2012)

In semiconductor industry, strict critical dimension control by using a critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) is an extremely urgent task in near-term years. A Monte Carlo simulation model for study of CD-SEM image has been established, which is based on using Mott's cross section for electron elastic scattering and the full Penn dielectric function formalism for electron inelastic scattering and the associated secondary electron (SE) production. In this work, a systematic calculation of CD-SEM line-scan profiles and 2D images of trapezoidal Si lines has been performed by taking into account different experimental factors including electron beam condition (primary energy, probe size), line geometry (width, height, foot/corner rounding, sidewall angle, and roughness), material properties, and SE signal detection. The influences of these factors to the critical dimension metrology are investigated, leading to build a future comprehensive model-based library.
Inhibition of Ovulation in Rats with Epostane, an Inhibitor of 3 -Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (1984)

Epostane (Win 32729), an inhibitor of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase enzyme system, inhibited both spontaneous and pregnant mare's serum/human chorionic gonadotropin-induced ovulation in rats. When administered on the morning of proestrus, the drug blocked pregnancy in females that were inseminated that evening. The blockage of pregnancy occurred at a dose of 200 mg/kg but not at 50 mg/kg. Similarly, when administered on the morning of proestrus at a dose of 200 mg/kg, epostane inhibited the appearance of ova in the oviducts the next day. In gonadotropin-primed immature rats, epostane inhibited ovulation in a dose-related fashion with an ED50 between 25 and 50 mg/kg. The drug also decreased plasma progesterone levels in these animals. The inhibitory effect of epostane on gonadotropin-stimulated ovulation was reversed by injections of progesterone at a total daily dose of 6.25 mg/rat or greater. These results support the contention that steroidogenesis, specifically progesterone synthesis, is a prerequisite to ovulation.
Controlled Direction Reception Filtering of P- and S-Waves In  -P Space (1990)

This paper presents a modified form of polarization position correlation (PPC) operator which can be used to separate P- and S-waves in a multicomponent seismic profile. The essence of the method (in seeking S-wave extinction) is to form a dot product between the signal vector and the slowness vector during projection of the seismic section into τ-p space, using the P-wave velocity profile measured along the array. The dot product (in effect) is a linear controlled direction reception filter (CDR type 1) which selectively passes only P arrivals. The second step is to use the converse rotation operator, during the forward transform, to compute both the P-wave ω-p‘pass plane’ and the orthogonal P-wave ‘extinction plane’. The two together are needed in order to preserve a measure of the total energy falling within any ω-p pixel in the original time sections. The extinction plane on its own gives a measure of the success achieved by the CDRI filter in isolating P-wave energy in a pixel on the pass plane. The best measure of this success is given by performing a cross-spectral matrix analysis of the two ω-p planes on a pixel-by-pixel basis (summing over a window dω × dp). The ratio of the eigenvalues yields the rectilinearity of polarization. A 2-D gain function based on rectilinearity may be used as a non-linear boost function in order to enhance strongly polarized P-wave pixels in the ω-p pass plane, prior to inverse RADON transformation. The success of this method in achieving wavefield separation and background noise reduction is illustrated with synthetic and physical model seismic data.
Thermal instabilities in rapidly rotating systems (1970)

Thermal instabilities of a contained fluid are investigated for a fairly general class of problems in which the dynamics are dominated by the effects of rotation. In systems of constant depth in the direction of the axis of rotation the instability develops when the buoyancy forces suffice to overcome the stabilizing effects of thermal conduction and of viscous dissipation in the Ekman boundary layers. Owing to the Taylor–Proudman theorem, a slight gradient in depth exerts a strongly stabilizing influence. The theory is applied to describe the instability of the ‘lower symmetric régime’ in the rotating annulus experiments at high rotation rates. An example of geophysical relevance is the instability of a self-gravitating, internally heated, rotating fluid sphere. The results of the perturbation theory for this problem agree reasonably well with the results of an extension of the analysis by Roberts (1968).
Severe ulcerative colitis: At what point should we define resistance to steroids? (2008)

Corticosteroids are still the first-line treatment for active ulcerative colitis more than 50 years after the publication of trials assessing their beneficial effect, with about a 50% remission rate in cases of severe disease. The mortality related to severe attacks of ulcerative colitis has decreased dramatically, to less than 1%, in experienced centers, due to the appropriate use of intensive therapeutic measures (intravenous steroids, fluids and electrolytes, artificial nutritional support, antibiotics, etc), along with timely decision-making about second-line medical therapy and early identification of patients requiring colectomy. One of the most difficult decisions in the management of severe ulcerative colitis is knowing for how long corticosteroids should be administered before deciding that a patient is a non-responder. Studies assessing the outcome of acute attacks after steroid initiation have demonstrated that, in steroid-sensitive patients, the response generally occurs early on, in the first days of treatment. Different indexes to predict treatment failure, when applied on the third day of treatment, have demonstrated a high positive predictive value for colectomy. In contrast to this resolute approach, which is the most widely accepted, other authors have suggested that in some patients a complete and prolonged response to steroids may take longer. Either way, physicians taking care of these patients need to recognize that severe ulcerative colitis may be life-threatening, and they need to be careful with excessively prolonged medical treatment and delayed surgery.
Patterns of parasitic infections of fishes in a water body with constant temperature (1990)

Patterns of parasitic infections of Schizothorax intermedius in two water bodies of North Tadjikistan (Central Asia), one with constant temperature during the whole year, the other with normal annual seasonal range of temperature fluctuations, have been studied. It has been shown that in the first water body fluctuations in occurrence of the parasites are insignificant and are not under the influence of water temperature.
New multispectral MRI data fusion technique for white matter lesion segmentation: method and comparison with thresholding in FLAIR images (2010)

Initial testing suggests that the multispectral technique is highly reproducible and accurate with the potential to be applied to routinely collected clinical MRI data.