gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superductile bulk metallic glass (2006)

Usually, monolithic bulk metallic glasses undergo inhomogeneous plastic deformation and exhibit poor ductility (&lt;2%) at room temperature. We report a newly developed Pd–Si binary bulk metallic glass, which exhibits a uniform plastic deformation and a large plastic engineering strain of 82% and a plastic true strain of 170%, together with initial strain hardening, slight strain softening and final strain hardening characteristics. The uniform shear deformation and the ultrahigh plasticity are mainly attributed to strain hardening, which results from the nanoscale inhomogeneity due to liquid phase separation. The formed nanoscale inhomogeneity will hinder, deflect, and bifurcate the propagation of shear bands.
Oocyte maturation in human in vitro fertilisation programmes. (1992)

Oocyte immaturity represents a serious loss of efficiency in the in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment cycle since it is associated with a great list of detrimental effects mainly reflected in lower fertilisation and pregnancy rates. In stimulated cycles, oocyte maturation depends on stimulation protocol, ovarian response, time of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) administration, hCG to oocyte retrieval interval, and/or time of in vitro culture period before insemination. The present review discusses the influence of these factors on human oocyte maturation and proposes several preventive and corrective measures. Due to the difficulty of ascertaining the grade of oocyte maturity based on morphological and physical properties of the oocyte-corona-cumulus complex (OCCC), fertilisation rate has been considered as an indirect index of nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation. The proportion of immature oocytes increases as the ovarian response to gonadotrophins increases. However, the detrimental effects of oocyte immaturity in high responders may be balanced by the higher number of oocytes retrieved per patient (and available embryos for transfer) and the selection of the best embryos for transfer. Oocyte immaturity might be prevented by delaying hCG injection and/or oocyte retrieval. Corrective strategies would involve in vitro or in vivo culture before insemination; addition of gonadotrophins or epidermal growth factor to the culture medium; and coculture with granulosa cells.
Conclusion on the peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance mandestrobin (2015)

Abstract The conclusions of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authority of the rapporteur Member State Austria for the pesticide active substance mandestrobin are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative use of mandestrobin as a fungicide on oilseed rape. The reliable endpoints concluded as being appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, derived from the available studies and literature in the dossier peer reviewed, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
Characterization of CD4+CD25+ natural regulatory T cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of human chronic periodontitis (2008)

Periodontitis is an infectious disease, where putative periodontopathogens trigger chronic inflammatory and immune responses against periodontal structures, in which an unbalanced host response is also determinant to the disease outcome. It is reasonable to assume that patient susceptibility to periodontal tissue destruction could be determined by the balance between the response against periodontopathogens and regulatory mechanisms of these events mediated by suppressive T cells. In the present study, we identified and characterized natural regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the inflammatory infiltrate of human chronic periodontitis (CP) with emphasis on phenotypic analyses that were carried out to address the participation of Tregs in CP. Results showed that patients with CP presented increased frequency of T lymphocytes and CD4+CD25+ T cells in the inflammatory infiltrate of gingival tissues. These cells exhibited the phenotypic markers of Tregs such as forkhead box p3 (Foxp3), CTLA-4, glucocorticoid-inducible TNFR, CD103, and CD45RO and seemed to be attracted to the inflammation site by the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22, as their expression and its receptor CCR4 were increased in CP patients. Moreover, besides the increased detection of Foxp3 mRNA, diseased tissues presented high expression of the regulatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. In addition, the inflammatory infiltrate in CP biopsies was composed of CD25+Foxp3+ and CD25+TGF-beta+ cells, thus corroborating the hypothesis of the involvement of Tregs in the pathogenesis of CP. Finally, these results indicate that Tregs are found in the chronic lesions and must be involved in the modulation of local immune response in CP patients.
Lazy Bagging for Classifying Imbalanced Data (2007)

In this paper, we propose a lazy bagging (LB) design, which builds bootstrap replicate bags based on the characteristics of the test instances. Upon receiving a test instance Ik, LB will trim bootstrap bags by taking Ik's nearest neighbors in the training set into consideration. Our hypothesis is that an unlabeled instance's nearest neighbors provide valuable information for learners to refine their local decision boundaries for classifying this instance. By taking full advantage of I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> 's nearest neighbors, the base learners are able to receive less bias and variance in classifying I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> . This strategy is beneficial for classifying imbalanced data because refining local decision boundaries can help a learner reduce its inherent bias towards the majority class and improve its performance on minority class examples. Our experimental results will confirm that LB outperforms C4.5 and TB in terms of reducing classification error, and most importantly this error reduction is largely contributed from LB's improvement on minority class examples.
Behavioral Approaches to Temporomandibular Disorders (1986)

This review evaluates behavioral approaches to temporomandibular disorders. A correct differential diagnosis was stressed since behavioral approaches were more likely to be effective with myogenic disorders than arthrogenic problems. For most patients, psychological assessment was not considered to be essential. However, in cases where depression was associated with the disorder, assessment was important since depression may be related to treatment outcome. Three general behavioral treatment approaches have been used with temporomandibular disorders. These include relaxation therapy, biofeedback therapy, and cognitive stress reduction methods. All three approaches have been shown to be useful. Comparative studies did not reveal one method to be superior to another. It was suggested that patient variables may be related to treatment outcome and more research needs to be completed in this area.
EVALUATION OF WORK EFFORT AND NURSING PERCEPTIONS IN BLOOD GLUCOSE MEASUREMENT FOR GLYCEMIC CONTROL. (2005)

Copyright © by 2005 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Testing loblolly pine wind firmness with simulated wind stress (1993)

The forces and mechanics related to the wind firmness of 30-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) trees were tested by toppling them with a winch and cable system. The ability of trees to resist toppling, expressed as the critical turning moment, was determined by measuring the force exerted by the winch and the height on the tree where the center of force was exerted. Critical turning moments were closely and positively related to stem taper (R 2 = 0.91) and various measures of tree size, including tree weight (R 2 = 0.96), stem volume (R 2 = 0.94), and cubic diameter at breast height (R 2 = 0.93). The flexibility of tree stems, measured by the angle of stem deflection during tree pulling, was negatively related to tree size. Measures of center of gravity, crown:stem ratio, and stem moisture content were not significantly related to critical turning moment. Soil moisture content was only weakly significant and negatively related to critical turning moment. With few exceptions, trees subjected to simulated wind stress treatment resembled southern pines subjected to natural acute wind stress. In both cases, root systems were rarely damaged and stem failure occurred instead of uprooting. However, pulled trees tended to break lower on the stem than wind-broken trees.
Effects of citraconylation on enzymatic modification of human proinsulin using trypsin and carboxypeptidase B (2009)

Insulin is a polypeptide hormone which is produced by the beta-cell of pancreas and controls the blood glucose level in the human body. Enzymatic modification of human proinsulin using trypsin and carboxypeptidase B generally causes high accumulation of insulin derivatives, leading to more complicated purification processes. A simple method including citraconylation and decitraconylation in the enzymatic modification process was developed for the reduction of a major derivative, des-threonine human insulin. Addition of 3.0 g citraconic anhydride per g protein into the reaction solution led to the citraconylation of lysine residues in human proinsulin and reduction of relative des-threonine insulin content from 13.5 to 1.0%. After the enzymatic hydrolysis of the citraconylated proinsulin, 100% of lysine residues can be decitraconylated and restored by adjusting pH to 2-3 at 25 degrees C. Combination of hydrogen peroxide addition and citraconylation of proinsulin expressed in recombinant Escherichia coli remarkably improved the conversion yield of insulin from 52.7 to 77.7%. Consequently, citraconylation of lysine residues blocked the unexpected cleavage of human proinsulin by trypsin, minimized the formation of des-threonine insulin and hence increased the production yield of active insulin.
Iron versus the Greenhouse (1995)

This paper reports on the possible repercussions of a Pacific Ocean experiment which demonstrated the effects of adding iron to the ocean. The plant growth stimulated was enough to use 350000 kilograms of carbon dioxide from the seawater. If performed on a large scale, fertilization of ocean water could absorb billions of tones of carbon dioxide from the air, enough to slow the rate of greenhouse warming. A variety of opinions are presented in the article.
A Semi-Automatic 2D Solution for Vehicle Speed Estimation from Monocular Videos (2018)

In this work, we present a novel approach for vehicle speed estimation from monocular videos. The pipeline consists of modules for multi-object detection, robust tracking, and speed estimation. The tracking algorithm has the capability for jointly tracking individual vehicles and estimating velocities in the image domain. However, since camera parameters are often unavailable and extensive variations are present in the scenes, transforming measurements in the image domain to real world is challenging. We propose a simple two-stage algorithm to approximate the transformation. Images are first rectified to restore affine properties, then the scaling factor is compensated for each scene. We show the effectiveness of the proposed method with extensive experiments on the traffic speed analysis dataset in the NVIDIA AI City challenge. We achieve a detection rate of 1.0 in vehicle detection and tracking, and Root Mean Square Error of 9.54 (mph) for the task of vehicle speed estimation in unconstrained traffic videos.
中国游戏国际化专家谈：PR宣传逐渐升温——发布前的最后冲刺 (2005)

在上期的文章中，我们谈到了要利用游戏开发全过程的各个阶段，通过各种公关活动对游戏进行宣传。截止到正式预览（Preview）阶段，如果你和你的公关代理公司部表现出色的话，那么应该已经有成千上万的玩家在热切期盼着你们的产品上市。下面我们就介绍一下如何利用产品上市前最后几个月的冲刺阶段进行公关活动，以便让产品更好的发布出去!
Chromosome engineering in wheat (1972)

Three methods have been developed for the transfer of genetic material to wheat chromosomes from alien chromosomes: (i) Use of ionizing radiation to translocate an alien segment. (ii) Induction of homoeologous pairing, which may be followed by crossing over. This is the easiest and usually the most effective method, provided the alien chromosome is sufficiently closely related to one of its wheat homoeologues that frequent pairing can occur. (iii) Exploitation of the tendency of univalent chromosomes to misdivide. Telocentrics resulting from simultaneous misdivision of two univalents have recently been shown to unite and to produce a new chromosome having one arm from each of the univalents.
Sulfur vacancy activated field effect transistors based on ReS<sub>2</sub>nanosheets (2015)

Rhenium disulphide (ReS2) is a recently discovered new member of the transition metal dichalcogenides. Most impressively, it exhibits a direct bandgap from bulk to monolayer. However, the growth of ReS2 nanosheets (NSs) still remains a challenge and in turn their applications are unexplored. In this study, we successfully synthesized high-quality ReS2 NSs via chemical vapor deposition. A high-performance field effect transistor of ReS2 NSs with an on/off ratio of ∼10(5) was demonstrated. Through both electrical transport measurements at varying temperatures (80 K-360 K) and first-principles calculations, we find sulfur vacancies, which exist intrinsically in ReS2 NSs and significantly affect the performance of the ReS2 FET device. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sulfur vacancies can efficiently adsorb and recognize oxidizing (O2) and reducing (NH3) gases, which electronically interact with ReS2 only at defect sites. Our findings provide experimental groundwork for the synthesis of new transition metal dichalocogenides, supply guidelines for understanding the physical nature of ReS2 FETs, and offer a new route toward tailoring their electrical properties by defect engineering in the future.
Standard Morphologic Evaluation of the Heart in the Laboratory Dog and Monkey (2006)

The nonrodent species most commonly utilized in preclinical safety studies are the purpose-bred beagle dog and cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis). Potential effects of a new chemical entity (NCE) on the heart pose serious concerns; consequently in vivo testing is focused on detection of functional alterations as well as morphological changes. Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of the heart is based on a standard survey of key structures to properly assess presence of spontaneous and potential drug-induced lesions. Evaluation of historical controls to determine type and frequency of background change is valuable, as studies with non-rodent species generally have a small sample size. Archived control dog and monkey data were retrospectively reviewed, including terminal body weight (BW), heart weight (HW), and archival glass slides of heart. Control dogs had minimal background changes that included myxomatous or cartilagenous change in the cardiac skeleton and a variable degree of vacuolation in Purkinje fibers. Control monkey hearts commonly contained inflammatory cell infiltrates, myocyte anisokaryosis, and handling artifacts, while myocyte degeneration, squamous plaques, pigment, and intimal plaques were occasionally observed. These findings highlight the utility of consistently recorded and readily accessible archived control data when attempting to discern background spontaneous changes and artifacts from test-article induced changes.
Feasibility study of calibration strategy for direct quantitative measurement of K and Mg in plant material by laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (2015)

The calibration and quantitative measurement is the " Achilles heel " of the LIBS technique. This paper deals with a method developed for the direct measurement of K and Mg in plant samples. Instrumental parameters were optimized and the best condition found was a 50 μm spot size, 10 Hz laser repetition rate, 75 accumulated laser pulses with 25 mJ/pulse and 0.25 μs of delay time. For method calibration, the use of synthetic standard calibrating material prepared by the addition of increasing concentrations of K and Mg in wood, filter paper and babassu mesocarp was proposed in order to assess the feasibility of using these various matrices in plant samples analysis. The limits of detection of proposed method were 2–30 and 6–27 μg g −1 for K and Mg, respectively. The use of the carbon emission wavelength at 247.856 nm was used as internal standard to improve the analytical results. Certified reference materials of plants were used to check the accuracy of the proposed method and recovery around 82% and 100% were obtained in all cases.
<i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>campestris</i> Requires a Functional <i>pigB</i> for Epiphytic Survival and Host Infection (1998)

When cauliflower plants (Brassica oleraceae) were misted with bacterial suspensions of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (causal agent of black rot of cruciferous plants), two separate populations of the pathogen were associated with the leaves. Initially, bacteria removable by sonication and sensitive to sodium hypochlorite treatment predominated (easily removable epiphytic bacteria, EREB). However, after 2 weeks, bacteria not removable by sonication and insensitive to sodium hypochlorite treatment were dominant. Although the exact location of this second population of the pathogen was not determined, evidence is presented to support its location in protected sites on the leaf surface, pigB of this pathogen is required for production of extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), xanthomonadin pigments, and the diffusible signal molecule, DF (diffusible factor). DF can extracellularly restore EPS and xanthomonadin production to pigB mutant strains. Parent strain B-24 and pigB mutant strain B24-B2 were identical for in planta growth and symptomatology after artificial infection by injection in leaf mid-veins. Subsequently, X. campestris pv. campestris parent strain B-24, Tn3HoHo1 pigB insertion mutation strain B24-B2, chromosomally restored pigB mutation strain B24-B2R, and strain B24-79 with a Tn3HoHo1 insertion in an unrelated part of the genome were compared for epiphytic survival on, and natural infection of, cauliflower. After application, strains B-24, B24-B2R, and B24-79 all maintained leaf EREB populations of between approximately 3 and 6 (log [1 + CFU per g of fresh weight]) over a 3-week period, whereas B24-B2 populations fell to nearly undetectable levels. Plants sprayed with strains B-24, B24-B2R, and B24-79 averaged between 1.0 and 1.2 lesions, whereas those sprayed with B24-B2 averaged only 0.03 lesions per plant after 3 weeks. Differences in EREB population levels did not explain the observed differences in host infection frequencies, and the results indicated that strain B24-B2 was reduced in its ability to infect the host via the hydathodes, but unaffected in infection via wounds. When strains B-24 and B24-B2 were mixed in equal numbers and sprayed on plants together, B24-B2 epiphytic populations were intermediate between those of B-24 applied alone and B24-B2 applied alone. These results indicate that a functional pigB is required for epiphytic survival and natural host infection under the experimental conditions tested, and suggest that DF, xanthomonadins, and EPS could all be important for survival of this pathogen on the leaf surface, and/or for host infection.
Bypassing IOMMU Protection against I/O Attacks (2016)

Attacks targeting computer systems become more and more complex and various. Some of them, so-called I/O attacks, are performed by malicious peripherals that make read or write accesses to DRAM memory or to memory embedded in other peripherals, through DMA (Direct Memory Access) requests. Some protection mechanisms to face these attacks exist and have been implemented for several years now in modern architectures. A typical example is the IOMMU proposed by Intel. However, such mechanisms are not necessarily properly configured and used by the firmware and the operating system. This experimental paper describes a design weakness that we discovered in the configuration of an IOMMU by the Intel IOMMU Linux driver and a possible exploitation scenario that would allow a malicious peripheral to bypass the underlying protection mechanism. The exploitation scenario is implemented with a PCI Express peripheral FPGA, based on Intel specifications and Linux source code analysis.
Impatient recovery following myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (1988)

1Cardiovascular Clinical Specialist, Elmhurst Memorial Hospital, Associate Faculty, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois 2Patient Care Coordinator, Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, Elmhurst Memorial Hospital, Elmhurst, Illinois, Associate Faculty, Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois
New arguments for the Swarm theory of liquid crystals (1933)

L. S. Ornstein and W. Kast, Trans. Faraday Soc., 1933, 29, 931 DOI: 10.1039/TF9332900931
Extracorporeal plasma treatment for the removal of endotoxin in patients with sepsis: clinical results of a pilot study. (2005)

Despite the advances in therapeutic approaches in the management of inflammatory conditions, the incidence of sepsis is on increase in the intensive care units (ICU). In a pilot study, we investigated whether the use of an apheresis system based on DEAE-cellulose is capable of reducing the plasma concentration of endotoxin in patients with severe sepsis. We enrolled 15 intensive care patients with severe sepsis and plasma endotoxin concentrations >0.3 EU/mL. In addition to standard ICU therapy, a total of 83 apheresis treatments were performed. About 1.7 volumes of plasma (6000 mL) were treated at each apheresis session. A significant reduction in plasma endotoxin levels from a median of 0.61 to 0.39 EU/mL (-35%) could be achieved (P < 0.001). Long-term comparison of the initial and post-treatment levels after a series of five to six individual apheresis treatments also showed a statistically significant decline in circulating endotoxin, interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and an increase in cholesterol levels. Except for a transient and reversible increase of prothrombin time, no adverse events were observed in patients undergoing this new adsorption apheresis treatment. Our data show that reduction of endotoxin by extracorporeal DEAE-cellulose-based plasma treatment may prove a promising therapeutic tool for patients suffering from bacterial sepsis and proven endotoxemia.
SANFILIPPO A DISEASE IN THE FETUS - COMPARISON WITH PRE- AND POSTNATAL CASES (1980)

One fetus at risk for Sanfilippo A disease was found to be affected by assaying heparan sulfate sulfamidase in cultured amniotic cells, and, after abortion, in cultured skin fibroblasts. Morphologically, cells from placenta, visceral organs and fibroblasts contained large amounts of electron-lucent vacuoles. Limited amounts of inclusions with lamellar profiles were found in the neurons. As no similar lesions were discovered in control cases, their presence in this fetus was considered as significant, indicating an early involvement of the central nervous system. We compared our findings with those of other pre- and postnatal proven cases of Sanfilippo disease (mucopolysaccharidosis III).
[Acne fulminans]. (1979)

Acne fulminans is a rare disorder of male teenage patients. The disease is characterized by the sudden appearance of highly inflammatory, tender, ulcerative and crusted lesions on back, chest and face. At the onset of the disease all patients show febrile temperature, leucocytosis, increased sedimentation rate and frequently polyarthralgia. The reported case showed typical lesions and distribution, fever, leucocytosis, elevated sedimentation rate, anemia, a decrease in albumin and an increase in alpha 2-globulin. Intradermal skin tests (delayed reactivity) showed marked decrease responses. Systemic treatment with antibiotics (ampicilline, tetracycline) with concomitant topical therapy was effective.