gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mode-switching Control Method of TCSC Considering Dual Impedance Phenomenon (2008)

The mode-switching control method of thyristor controlled series capacitor(TCSC) is of great importance to power system stability.The switching control method becomes more complex because of the dual impedance phenomenon of TCSC.There is no way to realize mode-switching only by changing firing angles.Considering the influence of dual impedance phenomenon,a set of mode-switching control methods is proposed.By means of forced synchronization of current in thyristor branch with the line current,the mode switching from capacitive mode to Bypass can be implemented.In the switching strategy from capacitive mode to inductive veriner mode,a method of thyristor conditional firing is put forward.The thyristors will be fired and conducted on condition that both line current and capacitor voltage are inphase.To provide synchronization signal of line current for switching control in time,a method to forecast the zero-crossing point of the current is given.Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed switching methods can make the switching process fast and possess good dynamic performance.
Specificity of the second binding protein of the peptide ABC-transporter (Dpp) of<i>Lactococcus lactis</i>IL1403 (2003)

The genome sequence of Lactococcus lactis IL1403 revealed the presence of a putative peptide-binding protein-dependent ABC-transporter (Dpp). The genes for two peptide-binding proteins (dppA and dppP) precede the membrane components, which include two transmembrane protein genes (dppB and dppC) and two ATP-binding protein genes (dppD and dppF). In this work, the gene specifying the second peptide-binding protein (DppP) was cloned under the control of the nisin promoter. The protein fused to a carboxyl-terminal histidine tag (DppP-His(6)) was purified and its binding properties were determined by monitoring the intrinsic fluorescence changes observed upon ligand binding. The major features of peptide binding to DppP-His(6) include: (i) a requirement for a free N-terminal alpha-amino group in the ligand; (ii) a high affinity for di-, tri- and tetra-peptides; (iii) affinity constants for peptide binding independent of pH; and (iv) a high affinity for D-isomer-containing peptides. Remarkably, the features (ii), (iii) and (iv) differ from those previously reported for DppA-His(6), suggesting that DppP-His(6) is a more versatile peptide-binding protein that could have additional functions.
Inducibility of microsomal liver function may differentiate cirrhotic patients with maintained compared with severely compromised liver reserve (2003)

After pharmacological induction, microsomal liver function increased significantly in a subgroup of patients with liver cirrhosis, whereas the GEC, SCl and ICG remained unchanged. Inducibility of the microsomal liver function could be used as a novel parameter of functional hepatic reserve and prognosis in cirrhosis.
Developmental trajectories of aggression, prosocial behavior, and social–cognitive problem solving in emerging adolescents with clinically elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. (2015)

Middle school is a critical yet understudied period of social behavioral risks and opportunities that may be particularly difficult for emerging adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) given their childhood social difficulties. Relatively few ADHD studies have examined social behavior and social-cognitive problem solving beyond the elementary years, or examined aspects of positive (prosocial) behavior. The current study examined how middle school students with clinically elevated ADHD symptoms differ from their non-ADHD peers on baseline (6th grade) and age-related changes in prosocial and aggressive behavior, and the extent to which social-cognitive problem solving strategies mediate these relations. Emerging adolescents with (n = 178) and without (n = 3,806) clinically elevated, teacher-reported ADHD-combined symptoms were compared longitudinally across 6th through 8th grades using parallel process latent growth curve modeling, accounting for student demographic characteristics, oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms, deviant peer association, school climate, and parental monitoring. Sixth graders with elevated ADHD symptoms engaged in somewhat fewer prosocial behaviors (d = -0.44) and more aggressive behavior (d = 0.20) relative to their peers. These small social behavioral deficits decreased but were not normalized across the middle school years. Contrary to hypotheses, social-cognitive problem solving was not impaired in the ADHD group after accounting for co-occurring ODD symptoms and did not mediate the association between ADHD and social behavior during the middle school years. ADHD and social-cognitive problem solving contributed independently to social behavior, both in 6th grade and across the middle school years; the influence of social-cognitive problem solving on social behavior was highly similar for the ADHD and non-ADHD groups.
<i>Z</i>-pinch instability in an electrically exploding thin-shelled tube (1984)

A Z-pinch instability is observed experimentally on an electrically exploding thin-shelled tube and theory is developed to predict the wavelength of the instability.
Deep p<sup>+</sup>junctions formed by drive-in from pure boron depositions (2010)

This paper presents a new method of supplying the high doses of boron needed for creating several micron deep p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> n junctions. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), in a Si/SiGe epitaxial reactor, of nanometer-thick pure boron layers is used to fabricate 5 μm deep p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> n junctions. The 10 min B deposition is combined with a 195 min drive-in at 1100°C to give a resulting sheet resistance of 3.1 Ω/sq. For as-deposited B-layers in windows through an silicon dioxide isolation to the Si substrate, reactions of the Si with oxide at the perimeter of the deposited windows will be enhanced by the presence of the B-layer during the high-temperature drive-in. Detrimental effects such as lateral contact window widening, small surface defects and/or large spikes formation, are avoided by capping the surface of the windows with either thermal oxide in a selective process or a low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) oxide during the drive-in. A good electrical quality of the oxide capping layer was achieved. The surface morphology was investigated by atomic force and scanning electron microscopy (AFM/SEM) analysis and found to depend on the overall method of fabrication.
Absorption Characteristics of Acoustic Material with Perforated Facings (1951)

This paper extends and unifies the analysis of sound absorptive structures consisting of (1) a layer of porous material separated from (2) a rigid wall by (3) an air cavity, which may or may not contain (4) separating partitions; and the porous material may or may not be covered with (5) a perforated facing. The normal impedance of the porous layer is expressed in a series form in which the first term suffices for a very thin layer. Equations and design charts are given for the impedance and the absorption coefficient, as functions of angle of incidence, for the complete structure with and without partitions. The statistical coefficient, averaged over angle, is plotted for each case over the commonly encountered ranges of all design variables. Calculated coefficients for eight different designs are compared with those measured by the reverberation method and found to be in good agreement.
FasL promoter activation by IL-2 through SP1 and NFAT but not Egr-2 and Egr-3 (1999)

Recently activated peripheral T cells treated with IL-2 for 4 days expressed Fas ligand (FasL)-mediated cytotoxicity. These IL-2-treated T cells had high nuclear expression of SP1 and NFAT, but lacked the Egr-2 and Egr-3 that could be induced by anti-CD3 stimulation and had been implicated in FasL gene activation. A minimal promoter region that responded to IL-2 was identified by transient transfection assays using deletion mutants. The data suggests that the GGGCGGAAA site present in the 5′ end of the minimal FasL promoter is critical to IL-2-induced FasL gene activation. The GGGCGGAAA sequence contains an overlapping site used by two transcription factor families, one (GGGCGG) for the SP1 family and the other (GGAAA) for the NFAT family. FasL promoter activity was partially but statistically significantly reduced with constructs mutated at either site. More activity was lost with a construct mutated at both sites. In contrast, mutation at the Egr site had no effect on IL-2-induced FasL promoter activity. Our study identified a new FasL promoter site responding to IL-2-induced SP1 and NFAT factors. Furthermore, the nuclei of IL-2-treated cells express SP1 and NFAT, but not Egr-2 and Egr-3, for FasL gene activation.
Constrained reconstruction: A superresolution, optimal signal‐to‐noise alternative to the Fourier transform in magnetic resonance imaging (1989)

Many problems in physics involve imaging objects with high spatial frequency content in a limited amount of time. The limitation of available experimental data leads to the infamous problem of diffraction limited data which manifests itself by causing ringing in the image. This ringing is due to the interference phenomena in optics and is known as the Gibbs phenomenon in engineering. Present tehniques to cope with this problem include filtering and regularization schemes based on minimum norm or maximum entropy constraints. In this paper, a new technique based on object modeling and estimation is developed to achieve superresolution reconstruction from partial Fourier transform data. The nonlinear parameters of the object model are obtained using the singular value decomposition (SVD)‐based all‐pole model framework, and the linear parameters are determined using a standard least squares estimation method. This technique is capable, in principle, of unlimited resolution and is robust with respect to Gaussian white noise perturbation to the measured data and with respect to systematic modeling errors. Reconstruction results from simulated data and real magnetic resonance data are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Synthesis of Polypyrrole-Coated Core/Shell Nanoparticles (2010)

The synthesis, physical characterization and scale-up of conductive, re-dispersible core/shell nanoparticles containing polypyrrole (PPy) in the shell are described. The compressed powders/films show a DC conductivity which is considerably higher than that of commercial standard products based on PEDOT/PSS ('AL 4083' from H.C. Starck). The particles have excellent film-forming properties since thin films (50-100 nm) made by spin-coating from aqueous dispersions of the particles have an AFM film roughness of <15 nm even before annealing. The materials were tested as hole injection/smoothening layers in fluorescent OLED devices, and are in a comparable range to PEDOT/PSS-based materials in respect to performance (film forming, luminance, efficiency, and lifetime).
Resource Management for Elastic Publish Subscribe Systems: A Performance Modeling-Based Approach (2016)

As more and more information systems are moving to the cloud, there have been efforts to deploy publish-subscribe (or pub/sub) systems in the cloud environment to take advantage of the elasticity of resources. As a result, there is a need to perform resource management for the cloud-based pub/sub systems that support various types of jobs, each consists of a series of tasks, or a workflow. Designing an efficient and effective resource management approach for the cloud-based pub/sub system is challenging because such an approach needs to be able to support flexible provisioning strategies, model the complex interactions between heterogeneous types of jobs, and provide dynamic resource allocation capability. In this paper, we formulate the resource management problem of elastic pub/sub system as optimization problems using different objectives functions. We model the elastic pub/sub system as a multiple-class open queuing network to derive system performance measures, and propose greedy algorithms to efficiently solve the optimization problems. Our evaluation based on simulation on real system show that our proposed solution outperforms the baseline and is robust in dealing with high-volume and fast-changing workload.
Development Of A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model For Chlorobenzene In F-344 Rats (2004)

A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of chlorobenzene in rats was developed. Partition coefficients were experimentally determined in rat tissues and blood samples using an in vitro vial equilibration technique. These solubility ratios were in agreement with previous reports. The in vivo metabolism of chlorobenzene was evaluated using groups of three F344 male rats exposed to initial chlorobenzene concentrations ranging from 82 to 6750 ppm in a closed, recirculating gas uptake system. An optimal fit of the family of uptake curves was obtained by adjusting Michaelis-Menten metabolic constants, K(m) (affinity) and Vmax (capacity), using the PBPK model. At the highest chamber concentration, the uptake curve could not be modeled without the addition of a first-order (Kfo) metabolic pathway. Pretreatment with pyrazole, an inhibitor of oxidative microsomal metabolism, had no impact on the slope of the uptake curve. The completed PBPK model was evaluated against real-time exhaled breath data collected from rats receiving either an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or oral gavage dose of chlorobenzene in corn oil. Exhaled breath profiles were evaluated and absorption rates were determined. Development of the chlorobenzene PBPK model in rats is the first step toward future extrapolations to apply to humans.
An Electrochemical and ESR Spectroscopic Study on the Molecular Dynamics of TEMPO in Room Temperature Ionic Liquid Solvents (2005)

Slow rotational diffusion of probe molecule TEMPO in several room temperature ionic liquid solvents results in asymmetry in its ESR spectrum (see figure), the severity of which depends on the temperature. In some cases the observed variation may be rationalised using simple hydrodynamic theories, while in others it points to an increased level of ordering within the liquid structure (TEMPO: 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl).
A road map of memory CD8+ T cell functional imprinting and fitness (2020)

Abstract Previous studies established that TCR signaling strength determines the size of CD8+ T cell expansion and memory pool. Here we hypothesized that TCR signaling strength further modulates the functional features of memory CD8+ T cells. We immunized mice transferred with naïve OT-I cells, which recognize the Ovalbumin (Ova)-derived epitope SIINFEKL, with Listeria monocytogenes expressing different variants, exposing OT-I cells to various TCR signaling strength. Transcriptomic analysis at early times after priming revealed that compared to OT-I cells primed with strong TCR signals, those primed with weak TCR signals upregulated genes involved in cell cycle (IL-2) and type I IFN response, suggesting that TCR signaling strength could determine how CD8+ T cells respond to cytokines at the time of priming. We postulated that disrupting cytokine signaling in T cells primed with weak TCR signals could alter memory T cell fate. As proposed, OT-I memory cells primed with weak TCR signals and lacking IL-2 or type I IFN cytokine signaling (Ifnar−/−, Il2ramut/mut) failed to re-expand upon secondary challenge compared to WT counterparts. Moreover, transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of WT or Il2ramut/mut OT-I memory cells primed with strong versus weak TCR signals revealed that while gene expression remained similar, chromatin accessibility was significantly different. TCR and IL-2 signaling together regulate an epigenetic landscape reflecting a broad functional fitness of memory CD8+ T cells, whereas TCR signaling selectively imprinted an epigenetic landscape related to metabolism. These results suggest that epitope selection for effective CD8+ T cell vaccine design is pivotal to modulate the functional programming of memory T cells.
Study on Improvement of Buck-boost Inverter Suitable for Compact Self-ballast Fluorescent Lamp (2006)

This paper reports new electronic ballast for a compact self-ballast fluorescent lamp. This ballast is formed by adding the starter circuit to the neutral-point-type buck-boost inverter that has already proposed by authors. Based on the analysis of circuit operation and experimental results, it is shown that the inverter circuit has following features, 1) the reduction of harmonics of input current, 2) the reduction in the ripple of the output current, and 3) the high power factor. It is possible to extend the life of a lamp, because the starter circuit can lower the firing potential.
<title>Atmospheric extinction and scattering effects on laser rangefinders at eyesafe wavelengths</title> (1993)

Extinction of laser rangefinder (LRF) pulses by the atmosphere depends on the LRF wavelength, weather conditions, and the aerosol concentration along the optical path. The total atmospheric extinction (alpha) ((lambda) ) is the sum of the molecular and aerosol contributions, (alpha) <SUB>m</SUB>((lambda) ) and (alpha) <SUB>a</SUB>((lambda) ). We present simple expressions for (alpha) <SUB>m</SUB>((lambda) ) and (alpha) <SUB>a</SUB>((lambda) ) for the LRF sources: Er:glass, Ho:YAG, and CO<SUB>2</SUB> which operate near 1.54, 2.1, and 10.6 micrometers respectively. Also included are results for Nd:YAG which may be made to lase at the eyesafe wavelength of 1.444 micrometers . The expressions give an estimate of (alpha) ((lambda) ) as a function of standard meteorological parameters, assuming horizontal beam propagation. The effect of forward scattering on the received LRF signal is also discussed.
Selectivities in Hydrocarbon Activation:  Kinetic and Thermodynamic Investigations of Reversible 1,2-RH-Elimination from (silox)<sub>2</sub>(<sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>SiNH)TiR (silox = <sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>SiO) (1997)

Addition of 2.0 equiv of Na(silox) to TiCl4(THF)2 afforded (silox)2TiCl2 (1), which yielded (silox)2(tBu3SiNH)TiCl (2-Cl) upon treatment with tBu3SiNLi. Grignard or alkyllithium additions to 2-Cl or 1,2-RH-addition to transient (silox)2TiNSitBu3 (3) produced (silox)2(tBu3SiNH)TiR (2-R; R = Me, Et, CH2Ph = Bz, CHCH2 = Vy, cBu, nBu, Ph, H, cPr, cPe, CH2-3,5-Me2C6H3 = Mes, neoHex, cHex, η3-H2CHCH2, η3-H2CCHCHMe). Insertions of C2H4, butadiene, HC2H, and HC2tBu into the titanium−hydride bond of 2-H generated (silox)2(tBu3SiNH)TiR (2-R; R = Et, η3-H2CCHCHMe, Vy, E-CHCHtBu). Trapping of 3 by donors L afforded (silox)2LTiNSitBu3 (3-L; L = OEt2, THF (X-ray, two independent molecules: d(TiN) = 1.772(3), 1.783(3) Å), py, PMe3, NMe3, NEt3) and RC2R‘ = HC2H, MeC2Me, EtC2Et, HC2tBu) and Kinetics of 1,2-RH-elimination from 2-R revealed a first-order process (24.8 °C): R = Bz < Mes < H < Me (1.54(10) × 10-5 s-1) < neoHex < Et < nBu < cBu < cPe < cHex < cPr < Vy < Ph. Kinetics data, large 1,2-RH/D-elimination KIE's (e.g., MeH/D, 13.7(9), 24.8 °C), and Eyring parameters (e.g., 2-Me, ΔH⧧ = 20.2(12) kcal/mol, ΔS⧧ = −12(4) eu) portray a four-center, concerted transition state where the N···H···R linkage is nearly linear. Equilibrium measurements led to the following relative standard free energy scale: 2-cHex > 2-cPe > 2-nPr ∼ 2-nBu > 2-neoHex > 2-Et > 2-cBu > 2-CH2SiMe3 > 2-Ph > 2-Me > 2-Bz > 2-cPr ∼ 2-Mes > 2-Vy > 3-C2H4 > 3-NEt3 > 2-H > 3-OEt2 > 3-EtC2Et >3-MeC2Me > 3-THF > 3-NMe3 > 3-PMe3 > 3-py. A correlation of D(TiR)rel to D(RH) revealed greater differences in titanium−carbon bond energies. THF loss from 3-THF allowed a rough estimate of ΔG°(3). Using thermochemical cycles, relative activation energies for 1,2-RH-addition were assessed: cHexH > cPeH > nBuH > neoHexH > EtH > BzH > cBuH > MesH > MeH > PhH > cPrH > VyH > 3-C2H4 formation > H2. On the basis of a parabolic model, C−H bond activation selectivities are influenced by the relative ground state energies of 2-R and a parameter representing the reaction coordinate. A more compressed reaction coordinate for sp2- vs sp3-substrates eases their activation.
Cálculo da Similaridade de Polígonos Utilizando Assinaturas Raster (2011)

The similarity concept is fundamental for learning, knowledge and thought. Many science areas develop their own notions of similarity. This work presents an algorithm to compute similarity between polygons through their four-color raster signatures (4CRS). Required implementations for this algo- rithm were performed in SECONDO, an extensible DBMS platform. Experi- mental tests were executed in order to evaluate algorithm precision with re- spect to compute similarity through real polygons. Resumo. O conceito de similaridade e fundamental para a aprendizagem, co- nhecimento e reflexao. Muitas areas da ciencia tem suas proprias nocoes de si- milaridade. Este trabalho apresenta um algoritmo para calculo da similaridade entre poligonos a partir de suas assinaturas raster de quatro cores (4CRS). As implementacoes necessarias para este algoritmo foram realizadas no SECON- DO, um banco de dados extensivel. Testes experimentais foram realizados a fim de avaliar a precisao do algoritmo em relacao ao calculo da similaridade utilizando os proprios poligonos. Palavras-chave: Banco de dados espaciais, Processamento aproximado de consultas, Similaridade entre objetos espaciais, SECONDO.
A high-speed-modulated retro-reflector for lasers using an acousto-optic modulator (2003)

We have used an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) to impose a frequency-modulated signal on an incident laser beam. The incident laser beam is focussed into the AOM where it undergoes Bragg diffraction and is then retro-reflected. The diffracted beam is also retro-reflected so that it is diffracted again by the AOM and overlaps the incident beam. The overlapped beams are frequency shifted with respect to each other. These features allow us to detect the frequency-modulated signal with high signal-to-noise ratio using heterodyne detection. Since the optical setup is simple and can be made very compact, this device may be ideal for certain forms of high-speed, free-space optical communication. We demonstrate a 1 MHz data transmission rate in the Bragg regime. We measured the acceptance angle of the device and find that it is limited only by the divergence of the focussed laser beam and the divergence of the acoustic waves in the AOM crystal. We have also studied the range of acoustic frequencies and drive power of the AOM, for which the retro-reflected beam can be detected with adequate signal to noise. PACS Nos.: 42.60.V, 42.62.Cf, 42.62.Fi, 42.79.Sz, 42.79.Hp