gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p53 Abnormalities in hepatocellular carcinoma from United States patients: analysis of all 11 exons (1996)

Mutations of the tumor suppressor gene p53 have been found in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) from many countries where HCC is common, but p53 mutations detected by direct sequencing in HCCs from the United States (where HCC is uncommon) have been reported only rarely. p53 Exons 1 to 11 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and direct sequencing in HCCs from 12 patients from the United States and in adjacent non-tumorous liver from 10 of them. Abnormalities of the p53 gene were found in five of the 12 tumors, including mutations in exon 4 (one patient), exon 5 (one patient) and exon 8 (three patients). In all 12 tumors, a normal conformation of exon 7 was found; in five of these HCCs the absence of mutations was confirmed by direct sequencing. Thus, the mutations of p53 codon 249 that have frequently been found in HCCs from endemic areas apparently do not play a role in most HCCs in the United States. Since the mutations in codon 249 are thought to be due to aflatoxin ingestion, the data suggest that factors other than aflatoxin may be responsible for the p53 abnormalities in the patients from the USA.
Selenium Binding to Beef‐Kidney Rhodanese (1975)

The reaction of beef kidney rhodanese with selenosulfate was studied. The selenium-treated enzyme shows an absorption spectrum with a maximum at 375 nm attributable to a sulfoselenide group. This absorption is bleached by addition of cyanide. After cyanide treatment stoichiometric amount of selenocyanate can be found. The intrinsic fluorescence of rhodanese is quenched by addition of stoichiometric selenosulfate. This effect can be reversed by cyanide or sulfite but not by selenite or glutathione. By comparison with model complexes the selenium-rhodanese intermediate was identified as a cysteinyl-selenium derivative.
P‐173: Fast Turn‐Off Switching of a Liquid Crystal Cell by Optically Hidden Relaxation (2008)

Abstract A method for fast turn‐off switching of a liquid crystal (LC) cell is proposed. LC in the bright state is twist‐deformed by the in‐plane field, whereas LC starts to relax in the turn‐off process from the vertically aligned state, during which the director is in parallel to the rubbing direction so that the relaxation is optically hidden. A three‐terminal (3T) structure is employed for both in‐plane and vertical switching. The turn‐off time of about 0.6 ms was obtained with no decrease in transmittance.
ESR studies on the formation of <i>p</i>‐benzosemiquinone anions over manganese dioxide (1975)

Abstract The reaction between a hydroquinone aqueous solution and manganese dioxide has been investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. A very stable p ‐benzosemiquinone anion is formed when an aqueous solution of hydroquinone is passed through a column of manganese dioxide. The kinetics for the reaction between hydroquinone and manganese dioxide follow the equation where A 0 is the initial concentration of hydroquinone, C is the concentration of p ‐benzosemiquinone anions, W is the amount of manganese dioxide, F is the feed rate of a hydroquinone aqueous solution, and k 1 0 and k 2 0 are constants; k 1 0 = 3.1 × 10 −2 (cm 3 /g MnO 2 · min), k 2 0 = 3.2 (cm 3 /g MnO 2 ·min). A mechanism for the reaction is proposed such that Mn(IV) in manganese dioxide is reduced to Mn (II) with hydroquinone from which the semiquinone anion is formed via a neutral semiquinone. The formation of semiquinone anions from several substituted hydroquinones is also discussed.
Underground storage tanks/efficient separations accomplishments (1993)

Efficient Separation-Integrated Program (ESP-IP) and the Underground Storage Tank-Integrated Demonstration (UST-ID). This paper reviews the accomplishments and future directions of the programs at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The five major ESP-IP projects are (1) the sludge washing and dissolution of ORNL Melton Valley Storage Tanks (MVST) Waste, (2) the aluminum removal from washed sludge, (3) the formation of colloids in sludge washing, (4) the alkaline-side extraction of actinides and technetium from tank waste using crown ethers and other extractants, and (5) integrated program coordinator support. The five principal UST-ID projects are (1) the Nitrate to Ammonia and Ceramic (NAC) process, (2) the comprehensive demonstration of sludge and supernate processing, (3) the technical interchange with the Commissariat a l`Energie Atomique (CEA), (4) the TRUEX data collection and model validation, and (5) the Waste Processing and Disposal Program (WPDP). Finally, a planned Request for Expression of Interest (REI) on organic destruction is discussed.
γ-Ray induced fluoropolymeric encapsulation of TiO<sub>2</sub>particles: an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation (1991)

Rutile TiO2 pigment particles suspended in a solution of monomers (methacrylic acid plus a fluorinated ethylene) can be encapsulated by γ-ray-induced polymerisation. Chemical character and relative thickness of these polymeric coatings has been determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Preferential polymerisation is shown to occur at the TiO2/solution interface.
<i>In vivo</i> labeling with stable isotopes as a tool for the identification of unidentified peaks in the metabolome analysis of <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> by GC/MS (2007)

Of the hyphenated techniques used for metabolic profiling of cell and tissue extracts, GC/MS is in some ways advantageous as it allows the simultaneous fingerprinting of chemically very different metabolites, and the electron impact mass spectra recorded in many cases lead to unambiguous identification of the compounds. However, prior to chromatography, the hydrophilic substances of the cell extracts have to be converted to vaporizable derivatives, the mass spectra of which often are not known or not listed in the available spectral libraries, even if they are derived from simple biochemicals. Thus, numerous chromatographic peaks remain as yet unidentified. Attempts to identify these peaks afford the acquisition of more data on these compounds. The value of in vivo labeling of metabolites with (13)C and (15)N for this purpose is described.
CALCIUM AND STRONTIUM DOPED ZnO FILMS FOR LOVE WAVE SENSOR APPLICATIONS (2005)

ABSTRACT Ca and Sr doped ZnO films with c-axis prefer orientation have been grown on the ST-cut quartz substrate by RF magnetron sputtering technique. Crystalline structures and roughness characteristics of films were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of doping elements and concentrations on sensor's sensitivity were investigated. A suitable ZnO guiding layer for high sensitivity Love wave sensor applications could be obtained by tailoring the roughness. Smooth and over rough guiding layers decrease the sensitivity of Love wave sensor.
Lessons from occupational safety for work related road safety (2009)

The field of occupational health and safety (OHS strategies; practices; procedures; roles and functions associated with safety with the primary aim of reducing accidents, injury and exposure to risk. Traditionally, road safety practitioners approach hazards as individual problems and have in general failed to acknowledge the dynamic interactions between them. Taking an SMS view, transport hazards are understood as a set of interacting variables that require interdependent actions to effectively respond to these risks instead of the traditional approach of a group of individual problems with sets of single interventions. This paper reviews the literature about SMS, safety culture, and lessons for effective safety management models for work related road safety. It argues that road safety needs to move beyond the static Haddon model [3]. It further argues that a more holistic and dynamic model for risk analysis and intervention solutions is needed in order to boost reductions in fatalities and serious injuries.
Multiple antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli from a tropical rain forest stream (1988)

High densities of fecal coliforms were obtained from a pristine site and sewage contaminated site in a tropical rain forest watershed in Puerto Rico. Confirmation of fecal coliform isolates as Escherichia coli was significantly lower than for temperate waters. Antibiotic resistance and multiple antibiotic resistance were common for isolates at both sites; however, the site receiving sewage effluent had a greater proportion of multiple antibiotic resistant isolates. R. plasmids were recovered from 4 MAR isolates, 2 from each site. All recovered plasmids were approximately 1 kilobase. The recovered plasmid were also capable of transforming E. coli HB101 in vitro. The high concentrations of enterobacteriaceae, small R-plasmid size, R-plasmid transformability, and long term survival of fecal origin bacteria in tropical freshwater environments give increasing importance to adequate sewage treatment, and better indicator monitoring methods for tropical areas.
Effects of manganese on the nervous system. (1984)

The acute effect of manganese on the synaptosomal sodium-dependent choline uptake was studied. Manganese (Mn) revealed a mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition of the choline uptake, at Mn concentrations in the mM range. We do not believe that lack of choline for transmitter synthesis is of importance in Mn poisoning. Manganese chloride intubation of neonatal rats resulted in reduced homovanillic acid content in the striatum and hypothalamus. No other alteration in the dopamine or serotonin metabolism was revealed. A mechanism of cytotoxic action of manganese is discussed in terms of its transition metal properties and interaction with reactive oxygen compounds which result in the production of substances that alkylate or oxidize the cellular thiols.
Cartilage Repair (2008)

The goal of all cartilage replacement techniques is the reformation of mature organized hyaline cartilage. However, currently cartilage repair techniques lead principally to production of fibrocartilage, which has material properties that are inferior to hyaline cartilage. Cell-based therapies such as autologous chondrocyte implantation hold promise for cartilage regeneration; however, these techniques still do not predictably result in hyaline cartilage formation. The newest, "third-generation techniques" have been developed to address the limitations of earlier techniques. These new procedures use 3 novel approaches: chondro-inductive or chondro-conductive matrix; use of allogeneic cells, both of which may allow a single-stage surgical approach; and techniques to mechanically condition the developing tissue before surgical application to improve the material properties and maturation of the implant. However, at this time there is very limited clinical data available on the nature and outcomes of these procedures.
Embryonic stem cell lines for regenerative therapy and pharmaceutical research. (2002)

The establishment of human embryonic stem (ES) cell lines has brought great potential and expectations for regenerative medicine and pharmaceutical research, because many types of human cells could be produced by their unlimited growth and differentiation in culture. Primate and human ES cell lines have been established from blastocysts of monkey and surplus human blastocysts from fertility clinics. They showed several differences compared to mouse ES cells, including a tendency to produce the trophectoderm lineage and a different expression pattern of surface antigens. This may reflect species-specific differences, or these primate ES cells could represent earlier stages of development than mouse ES cells. Also, they show no response to the LIF and gp130 signals, which are widely used to repress spontaneous differentiation of mouse ES cell colonies. We have established several ES cell lines from blastocysts of the cynomolgus monkey. They can be maintained in culture as stem cell colonies, and they produce several differentiated cell types in culture. When such ES cells were transplanted into SCID mice, they produced teratomas containing many differentiated tissues.
Effects of the sample size in artificial neural network classifier design (2002)

Discusses the effects of the sample size on the estimates of the error rate of the artificial neural network (ANN) classifiers. Experimental results show that the standard deviation of the estimated error rate of ANN classifiers is independent of the hidden unit size. In addition, it is shown that nevertheless the class distributions are Gaussian, ANN classifiers outperform the quadratic discriminant function when sizes of samples per class are much unequal.
Highly Selective Guest Uptake in a Silver Sulfonate Network Imparted by a Tetragonal to Triclinic Shift in the Solid State (2001)

The silver sulfonate network presented herein, silver 3-pyridinesulfonate, reversibly and selectively absorbs MeCN while undergoing a major structural rearrangement. The origin of this structural flexibility is a coupling of the weak coordinating ability of the SO3 group with the geometrically pliant silver(I) center. Single crystal and powder X-ray structures of both the desolvated and solvated forms are presented in addition to the mechanism of their reversible interconversion. A heterogeneous gas chromatographic study showing selective extraction of the MeCN is also presented. Extended solid frameworks which reorder to any extent are not common but the structure presented herein transforms from a tetragonal to a triclinic crystal system. The results indicate that cooperative interactions in systems based on supposedly weaker interactions can yield softer yet functional networks with behavior unlike that observed in more rigid inorganic frameworks.
Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage, Plasma Cytokines, and Markers of Neutrophil Activation (2005)

Neutrophil activation remains unchanged after downhill running in well-trained runners, despite increases in plasma markers of muscle damage.
Eine neuartige, durch Eliminierung ausgelöste Wanderung: die reduktive Dibornan-Camphen-Umlagerung (1998)

Eine metallorganische Version der Wagner-Meerwein-Umlagerung, des Inbegriffs einer carbokationischen Alkyl-1,2-Wanderung, wurde gefunden. Allerdings wird bei dieser Umlagerung keine carbanionische Zwischenstufe durchlaufen, sondern es findet ein Push-pull-Prozeß über 1 a statt (siehe Schema).
Imaging stirred‐vessel macromixing using electrical resistance tomography (1998)

Abstract An 8‐plane 16‐sensor ring electrical resistance tomography (ERT) system was designed and installed within a 1.5‐m‐dia. plant‐scale stirred uessel. Results are reported for the unsteady dynamic macromixing of miscible liquids following a pulse addition of brine tracer. Acquired data, afier reconstruction, is conveniently represented as a stack of 2‐D tomograms and 3‐D solid body isosurjaces, thereby providing an equiualent of medical whole‐body scanning for a chemical process unit. The results demonstrate the ability of ERT to distinguish the different mixing patterns from two types of impeller in 3‐D and to monitor plant‐scale miscible liquid mixing processes aperimentally, with good resolution in both space and time.
Pass-through as an Economic Tool (2009)

Pass-through rates play an analogous role in imperfectly competitive markets to elasticities under perfect competition. Log-curvature of demand links the pass-through of cost and production shocks to the division between consumer and producer surplus. Therefore in a wide range of single-product, symmetric multi-product, two-sided mar-kets and merger analysis models knowledge of simple qualitative properties of the pass-through rate sign, and full knowledge of it quantifies, many comparative statics. Most functional forms for theoretical and empirical analysis put unjustified ex-ante restric-tions on pass-through rates, a limitation our Adjustable-pass-through (Apt) demand and Constant Pass-through Demand System (CoPaDS) avoid. ∗A few of the results here were originally circulated as parts of other papers: “The Price Theory of Two-Sided Markets”, “Double Marginalization, Vulnerability and Two-Sided Markets ” and “Double Marginal-ization in One- and Two-Sided Markets”. No results overlap with current drafts of other papers, except where explicitly cited. We are grateful to the Economic Analysis Group at the Antitrust Division of the United States Department of Justice, the University of Chicago Becker Center on Price Theory, the Toulouse
Inhibition of ascites cell growth by combinations of 6-thioguanine and azaserine. (1958)

Summary The Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, the Sarcoma 180 ascites, and the TA 3 ascites carcinoma were found to be sensitive to combinations of azaserine plus thioguanine. The Mecca lymphosarcoma in either solid or ascites form and the 6C3HED lymphosarcoma ascites proved to be relatively resistant. The most effective dose schedule tried was 0.2 mg/kg azaserine plus 0.5 mg/kg thioguanine, given twice daily, beginning 1 day after the tumors were transplanted. After 6 days of this therapy, 50 per cent of mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, 60 per cent of mice transplanted with Sarcoma 180 ascites, and 23 per cent of mice transplanted with TA3 ascites carcinoma were found to be tumor-free. Simultaneous therapy of 0.2 mg/kg of azaserine plus 0.5 mg/kg of thioguanine, both injected at approximately 8:00 A.M. daily for 6 days, was much more effective than alternate therapy, which consisted of 0.2 mg/kg of azaserine at approximately 8:00 A.M. and 0.5 mg/kg of thioguanine at Approximately 8:00 P.M. for a total of 6 days. This indicates that, for maximum tumor inhibition, thioguanine and azaserine must be administered simultaneously, supporting the concept that the two drugs establish concurrent blocks of purine nucleotide synthesis.
Integrated Remote Raman and LIBS Instrument with 532 nm Laser Excitation for Characterizing Minerals at 9 M (2008)

Introduction: Raman Spectroscopy and LIBS, Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy, are highly complimentary techniques being developed to remotely probe the surface of geological samples. Raman spectroscopy uses either a CW or a pulse visible laser of modest average power (100-700 mW/cm) to identify the molecular fingerprints of the sample from its Raman spectrum [1]. For the CW-laser based remote Raman system, there are two significant issues: interference of the high ambient light background during the day, and long-lived fluorescence with the Raman spectra of the sample [2]. However, utilizing a pulsed laser system and gated receiver overcomes those limitations. Pulsed Raman spectroscopy offers two important benefits: the ability to discriminate against (a) unwanted ambient light, and (b) long-lived fluorescence emission from the sample. In the past, pulsed Raman spectroscopy has been used for measuring high quality Raman spectra of minerals at high temperatures and for investigating phase transitions at high temperature and anharmonicity of various vibrational modes [3]. In general, LIBS uses a pulsed 1064 nm laser of high peak power (>1 GW/cm) for ablating material from the surface of the sample to probe the elemental composition [4,5]. For space applications, we previously demonstrated a combined remote Raman and LIBS system. This system used a single pulsed laser operating at dual wavelengths of 1064 nm and 532 nm for exciting both the Raman and LIBS spectra of minerals by adjusting the laser power electronically [6]. In this work, we have developed an integrated remote Raman and LIBS system for measuring both the Raman and LIBS spectra with a single 532 nm laser line of 35 mJ/pulse and 20 Hz. The system can also be reconfigurated to perform micro-Raman and micro LIBS analysis which have applications in trace/residue analysis and can analyze very small samples in nano gram amounts. Experimental Setup: Figure 1 depicts a schematic diagram of a combined Raman spectroscopy and LIBS system. The integrated remote Raman and LIBS systems use the following common components: (i) a telescope (Meade LX200R Advanced RitcheyChretien, 203 mm clear aperture, f/10); (ii) a frequency doubled mini Nd:YAG laser source (Model ULTRA CFR, Big Sky Laser, 532 nm, 20 Hz) (iii) a 10x beam expander (iv) an intensified CCD detector (Princeton Instruments, PI-MAX); and (v) Kaiser spectrograph. The 532 nm pulsed laser beam was focused to a 300 μm diameter spot on the target 9 m away with a 10x beam expander. For Raman measurements the laser power at 532 nm was electronically adjusted to 25 mJ/pulse, and for combined LIBS and Raman measurements the laser power was increased to 35 mJ/pulse. For the combined Raman and LIBS measurements,
Construção, avaliação e aplicação analitica de eletrodos seletivos sensiveis a salicilato (1987)

Orientador : Graciliano de Oliveira Neto
Growth factor receptors in thyroid follicle cells (1987)

Purified growth factors like epidermal factor (EGF) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) have become recognized as potent regulators of thyroid growth and function in culture in the last few years (Westermark & Westermark 1982; Karlsson et al. 1982; Roger & Dumont 1982; Westermark et al. 1983; Eggo et al. 1984; Gärtner & Greil 1986). Normal thyroid follicle function in vivo requires that the thyroid follicle cell is polarized i.e. has an apical pole facing the follicle lumen and a basal pole facing basal membrane. The different properties of the plasma membrane are maintained by tight junctions between the cells preventing both the passage of molecules between the cells and the movement of membrane proteins over this boundary.
Correction: PfRH5: A Novel Reticulocyte-Binding Family Homolog of Plasmodium falciparum that Binds to the Erythrocyte, and an Investigation of Its Receptor (2008)

Multiple interactions between parasite ligands and their receptors on the human erythrocyte are a condition of successful Plasmodium falciparum invasion. The identification and characterization of these receptors presents a major challenge in the effort to understand the mechanism of invasion and to develop the means to prevent it. We describe here a novel member of the reticulocyte-binding family homolog (RH) of P. falciparum, PfRH5, and show that it binds to a previously unrecognized receptor on the RBC. PfRH5 is expressed as a 63 kDa protein and localized at the apical end of the invasive merozoite. We have expressed a fragment of PfRH5 which contains the RBC-binding domain and exhibits the same pattern of interactions with the RBC as the parent protein. Attachment is inhibited if the target cells are exposed to high concentrations of trypsin, but not to lower concentrations or to chymotrypsin or neuraminidase. We have determined the affinity, copy number and apparent molecular mass of the receptor protein. Thus, we have shown that PfRH5 is a novel erythrocyte-binding ligand and the identification and partial characterization of the new RBC receptor may indicate the existence of an unrecognized P. falciparum invasion
Fixation of Detached Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesions With Bioabsorbable Pins: Clinical and Histologic Evaluation (2010)

Level IV, therapeutic case series.