gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photography and sizing of burning droplets (1985)

Laser-triggered stroboscopic photography has been used to obtain high quality images of moving, burning fuel droplets. A narrow laser beam defined the focal plane of a photographic system which was focused onto the beam. Light scattered by a droplet in the beam was used to trigger a backlighting stroboscope. In addition, attenuation of the laser beam during the passage of a droplet has been used to yield information on droplet sizes. Large droplets can be sized regardless of shape or refractive index.
On finite state Markov chains for Rayleigh channel modeling (2009)

The use of finite state Markov chains (FSMC) for the simulation of the Rayleigh channel has been generalized in the last years. Several parameters influence the construction of the chain. The chain can be defined in terms of the complex channel response, the envelope of the received signal or the Signal to Noise Ratio. Moreover the partition method has to be selected among various options. This paper presents an evaluation of the FSMC, including a novel partition method that makes a uniform division of the density function of the desired signal and a comparison with other methods of generation of the fading channel. First and second order statistics and other performance parameters are examined in order to shed more light on the advantages and limitations of the Markov modeling.
Sperm‐derived activating ability does not persist in mouse oocytes inseminated during in vitro maturation (2004)

Activity of the sperm-derived oocyte-activating factor persists in zygotes and can be detected by a fusion with metaphase II (MII) oocytes leading to the activation of the hybrids. We have shown, that in the great majority of oocytes inseminated 1-2 hr after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) the sperm-derived activating ability was eliminated. Only few hybrids produced by fusion of MII oocytes with oocytes inseminated during in vitro maturation (M x IVM-P + sperm hybrids) underwent activation, whereas almost all of MII oocyte x zygote hybrids entered interphase. However, frequency of activation of M x IVM-P + sperm hybrids was higher than that of control hybrids, which were obtained by fusion of MII oocytes with oocytes uninseminated during in vitro maturation. Although the difference was not statistically significant, it suggested that in a certain number of oocytes inseminated after GVBD the sperm-derived oocyte-activating factor remained partially active. This was confirmed by our observation that several oocytes, which were inseminated during in vitro maturation and managed to accomplish MII, underwent activation and formed pronuclei when examined 25-26 hr after the beginning of maturation. We have also demonstrated that parthenogenotes, could acquire the sperm-derived activity, as a consequence of sperm injection. MII oocytes were fused with parthenogenotes inseminated by ICSI and all hybrids underwent activation. This result indicated that the ability to induce activation in hybrid, was sperm-derived.
ChemInform Abstract: EXAFS Study of the FexZrS2 Layered Compounds: The Effects of Disorder. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Epicardial activation after unsuccessful defibrillation shocks in dogs (1988)

To study defibrillation, shocks were given to seven dogs during electrically induced fibrillation, while recordings were made from 56 epicardial electrodes. Shocks were given via electrodes on the left ventricular apex and the right atrium, creating an uneven shock field with much higher potential gradients in the apex than in the base of the ventricles. For unsuccessful 0.01- to 0.05-J shocks, activation occurred soon after the shock at many sites in both the base and the apex. For 0.1- to 0.5-J shocks, the number of early activation sites was greatly decreased, and the latency from the shock until earliest recorded activation was greatly increased at the apex but not at the base. For 1- to 5-J shocks, one to three early sites were present and confined to the base, with a long latency between the shock and the appearance of these early sites. The latency and location of earliest activation were similar to those after 1- to 5-J shocks given to induce fibrillation during normal paced rhythm. Shocks of 10 J successfully defibrillated. These findings suggest that the shock field can have at least three effects. One, a weak field fails to halt the activation fronts of fibrillation. Two, a stronger field halts but then reinduces fibrillation in a manner similar to that of the same strength field during the vulnerable period of normal rhythm. Three, a still higher field halts fibrillation without reinitiating it. Successful defibrillation requires a shock strong enough to create this third field intensity throughout the ventricles.
Prolonged Swimming, Recovery and Repeat Swimming Performance of Mature Sockeye Salmon <i>Oncorhynchus Nerka</i> Exposed to Moderate Hypoxia and Pentachlorophenol (1998)

Mature, wild sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) demonstrated their remarkable stamina and recovery abilities by performing three consecutive critical swimming speed tests with only a 45 min interval for recovery between subsequent tests. Although the repeated swimming challenges were performed without a full recovery, normoxic fish swam just as well on the second swim, and the majority of fish swam only marginally more poorly on the third swim. In addition, metabolic loading in these fish, as measured by the rate of oxygen consumption, ventilation rate and plasma lactate levels during recovery, did not appear to be cumulative with successive swims. Fish, however, did not recover as well after a similar level of initial swimming performance under moderately hypoxic conditions (water PO2>100 mmHg; 1 mmHg=0.1333 kPa). Four out of the five fish did not swim again and their high plasma lactate levels indicated a greater anaerobic effort. In another group of fish, metabolic loading (elevated control rates of oxygen consumption) was induced with an overnight sublethal exposure to pentachlorophenol, but these fish swam as well as normoxic fish on the first swim, and five of the six fish swam for a third time at a marginally lower critical swimming speed. In contrast to expectations, pentachlorophenol pretreatment and moderate hypoxia were not additive in their effects. Instead, the effects resembled those of pentachlorophenol pretreatment alone. The results are discussed in terms of what aspects of fatigue might impair the repeat swimming performance of sockeye salmon.
Aberrantly methylated <i>PKP1</i> in the progression of Barrett's esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma (2011)

The aberrant DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes occurs frequently in Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and likely affects the initiation and progression of BE to EAC. In the present study, we discovered PKP1 as a novel methylated gene in EAC and then investigated the role of loss of PKP1, a constituent of the desmosome complex found in stratified epithelial layers, on the behavior of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. By using primary esophageal tissue samples we determined that PKP1 was rarely methylated in normal squamous esophagus (5/55; 9.1%) and BE (5/39; 12.8%) and more frequently methylated in Barrett's esophagus with high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or EAC (20/60; 33.3%; P < 0.05). Furthermore, PKP1 levels were decreased in BE and HGD/EAC cases compared to normal squamous esophagus cases. Knockdown of PKP1 in the BE cell lines CP-A and CP-D (both normally express PKP1) resulted in increased cell motility. Thus, PKP1 loss secondary to promoter methylation, as well as other mechanisms, may promote the progression of BE to EAC in a subset of patients via decreased desmosome assembly and increased cell motility.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Induced Alkoxyalkylation of Allylsilanes with Acetals (the Sakurai Reaction): Regio‐ and Stereochemical Aspects. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
STUDY ON THE ELEMENT MATHEMATIC MODELLING FOR STRONG EARTHQUAKE ACTIVITIES IN SOUTHWEST CHINA (2002)

The finite element model for Southwest China is established, and the stress adjustment due to strong earthquake in the region is studied. The preliminary result shows that many strong earthquakes occurred in the area of stress increased.
The Mechanical Action of Proprioceptive Length Feedback in a Model of the Cat Hindlimb (2000)

Postural regulation is an important part of a variety of motor tasks, including quiet standing and locomotion. Muscle length feedback, both the autogenic length feedback arising from a muscle's own spindles, and heterogenic length feedback, arising from its agonists and antagonists, is a strong modulator of muscle force and well suited to postural maintenance. The effects of this reflex feedback on 3-D force generation and limb mechanics are not known. In this paper, we present a mechanical model for relating 3-D changes in cat hindlimb posture to changes in muscle lengths. These changes in muscle length are used to estimate changes in both intrinsic muscle force generation and muscle activation by length feedback pathways. Few muscles are found to have directly agonist mechanical actions, and most differ by more than 20 degrees. Endpoint force fields are largely uniform across the space investigated. Both autogenic and heterogenic feedback contribute to whole limb resistance to perturbation, autogenic pathways being most dramatic. Length feedback strongly reinforced a restoring force in response to endpoint displacement.
Ethical considerations in modern prolapse surgery : letter to editor (2008)

Urogynaecology and Reconstructive pelvic surgery (URPS) is the Cinderella subspecialty of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The other three subspecialties of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, namely Oncology, Fetal-maternal medicine and Reproductive medicine, all enjoy peer recognition, examination credentialing and board certification in South Africa, as in many other countries in the world.
PECVD SiN(x) Induced Hydrogen Passivation in String Ribbon Silicon (2000)

Presented at the 28th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference; Anchorage, Alaska; September, 2000. ©2000 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
<i>Expired Air Resuscitation in Paralyzed Human Subjects</i> (1957)

Expired air resuscitation has been evaluated in 16 anesthetized curarized human subjects. A mask resuscitator suitable for use in contaminated atmospheres was employed. The parameters measured include the alveolar carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations of the operator and of the subject, the air flow and tidal volume, the subject's oxygenation by ear oximeter and the subject's arterial oxygen saturation, carbon dioxide tension and ph. All parameters independently indicated the complete adequacy of the method under widely varying conditions of rate and volume of inflations and with multiple operators. Alveolar oxygen concentrations in the subject during prolonged performance of the method were sustained above the normal range. Submitted on February 6, 1957
Inhibitory Effects of Ginsenosides on Glutamate-Induced Swelling of Cultured Astrocytes (2000)

Effects of ginsenosides (Rb, Rb, Rc, Re, Rg, Rf) on L-glutamate (glutamate)-induced swelling of cultured astrocytes from rat brain cerebral cortex were studied. Following the exposure to 0.5mM glutamate for 1 hr, the intracellular water space (as measured by [H]O-methyl-D-glucose uptake) of astrocytes increased by about two-fold. Simultaneous addition of ginsenosides Rb and Rc with glutamate reduced the astrocytic swelling in a dose-dependent manner. These ginsenosides at 0.5 mg/ml did not affect the viability of astrocytes for up to 24 hr which was determined by a colorimetric assay (MTT assay) for cellular growth and survival. These ginsenosides at 0.3 mg/ml inhibited the increase of intracellular Ca2+/ concentration ([Ca2+/]i/) induced by glutamate. These data suggest ginsenosides Rb and Rc prevent the cell swelling of astrocytes induced by glutamate, maybe via inhibition of Ca2+/ influx.
Proton magnetic resonance of vitamin B12 derivatives. Functioning of B12 coenzymes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProton magnetic resonance of vitamin B12 derivatives. Functioning of B12 coenzymesJonathan D. Brodie and Martin PoeCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 13, 2534–2542Publication Date (Print):June 20, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00763a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00763a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The isolation of novel intracellular factors by differential screening methods. (1994)

Synaptic plasticity, a physiological basis of learning and memory, is mainly classified into two categories: 1) relatively short-term changes in electrical activities and 2) more long-lasting morphological changes in synapses. Studies on neuronal differentiation have provided detailed clarification of many of the morphological changes in synapses. Although it has been demonstrated that neuronal differentiation is induced by a variety of stimuli, the mechanism of neuronal differentiation has never been sequentially understood. Since there must be unknown factors relevant to these complicated processes, it is important to find and identify the novel intracellular factors that are able to induce the differentiation of neurons. Differential screening is useful cloning method to identify molecules without any information about their structures. Genes expressed in a distinct pattern among two or more groups, eg. different drug-treated cells, tissues and so on, can be isolated. To identify novel neuronal differentiation factors, we differentially screened approximately 500,000 primary clones from the cDNA library of NG108-15 cells treated with TPA and diBu-cAMP for 72 hr. Using two single strand cDNA probes, which were reverse-transcribed from poly(A)+ RNA, TA-20 was isolated from cells treated with TPA and diBu-cAMP (probe TA) or from cells treated with diBu-cAMP alone (probe A) for 72 hr. Clones that hybridized preferentially to the probe TA were further investigated by Southern and Northern blots. Thus the identified clone TA20 is a novel gene and plays functional roles as a neuronal differentiation factor.
Juontaja, speakeri, kuuluttaja, johdattelija, chatsisko... : rakkaalla juontajalla on monta nimeä (2009)

Ksill olevan Lhikuvan juontajuus-numeron kannalta ei ole keskeist, onko kyseinen tapahtuma
A Diverse View of Science to Catalyse Change (2020)

Valuing diversity leads to scientific excellence, the progress of science and most importantly, it is simply the right thing to do. We can value diversity not only in words, but also in actions.
Response of Vasoactive Substances to Intermittent Ultrafiltration in Normotensive Hemodialysis Patients (1993)

The changes in blood volume (BV), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma renin activity (PRA), aldosterone (Aldo), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (Epi), parathyroid hormone (PTH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and the cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP were measured during a fluctuating BV cycle in 15 patients with end-stage renal failure maintained on chronic hemodialysis (HD). HD consisted of 4 periods of about 60 min each. The first half of each HD period consisted of ultrafiltration (UF) greater than 1,000 ml/h, and the second half consisted of no UF. Changes in relative BV were measured using continuous hemoglobinometry. Total BV at the end of treatment was 74.3 +/- 6.9% of the pretreatment volume. A significant positive correlation between BV and the levels of ANP, PTH, Epi and cGMP and an inverse correlation between BV and PRA, Aldo, AVP and NE were demonstrated. While mean values of NE and AVP levels were directly related to actual changes in BV, individual values did not homogeneously reflect this relationship. The cyclic nucleotides cGMP and cAMP did not follow immediate BV changes, but showed a significant decrease correlated with diminished BV. Based on a pre-postdialysis analysis, significant changes in PRA and Aldo were missing. It seems possible that vascular stability in dialysis patients may be maintained by the response of NE and AVP, and not by the renin-aldosterone system. The changes in ANP and cGMP values correlated most significantly (r = 0.38 and r = 0.51, p < 0.005) with the changes in BV, but no single variable could explain the blood pressure regulation during HD with intermittent rapid UF.
Future mobile services (2011)

The subject of this presentation is to predict the future mobile services. We will see that the combinations have a form of <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> Wireless Broadband, new technology/business element. The progress of wireless broadband is predictable. As a result, five topics are selected 1. Society-level data synchronization, 2. Dependable mobile networks, 3. Embedded machine-to-machine communication, 4. NFC-driven context aware services, and 5. Data as Intelligence: e.g., Low-Carbon Society, Multilingual communication assistance. The enabling technology trend lies in integration of continuous wireless capacity expansion, society-level scaling of cloud servers, and commoditization of near field communication (NFC) interfaces. The wireless technology progress includes frequency aggregation, MIMO, and Multiple BTS coordination. Those raise the wireless capacity beyond another critical point. As we have seen the saturation of CPU clock speed in 2005, we will see the saturation of wireless peak speed also after the 4G mobile network deployment. The speed eventually will stall though, the capacity continues to expand as far as the radio station density increases. Supposing that 50GB/month data usage is affordable, we can say all the personal data including music songs and movies to be stored in clouds. The combination of <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> Wireless Broadband, Massive Remote Storage,-, will oust the conventional home VCRs and note PCs. In the near future, displays and UI will become only physically visible devices to end-users.
An interleaved-navigator projection dual-echo bSSFP sequence for respiratory self-gated imaging (2010)

Introduction Recently, self-navigation has become an alternative to breath-holding and respiratory navigators for cardiac MR scans [1-3]. Current sequences acquire a high spatial-resolution navigator projection every cardiac phase [i.e. [4]], a lower resolution navigator every TR, or a complete image with lower temporal resolution [2]. Temporal or spatial resolution is sacrificed to minimize the loss of imaging efficiency. Here, we propose a dual-echo balanced SSFPbased imaging sequence that acquires a constant navigator projection during every TR and alternates navigator projection direction for robust motion measurement.
IMMUNOSENESCENCE - INEVITABLE OR PREVENTABLE? (2008)

In humans, the immune system undergoes substantial change during the lifespan. Immunosenescence is defined as changes in the immune system that occur with ageing. These age-associated changes affect both innate and adaptive immune systems and contribute to increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly as a result of a higher incidence of infections, cancers and autoimmune diseases. Changes in T-cell lymphocyte populations and to a lesser extent the innate immune system are responsible for most of the decline in the protective immune response. These changes have largely been linked to a decline in the function of the thymus. However, these primary changes to the immune system are only evident at an advanced age. Secondary immunological changes (resulting from environmental influences) are far more frequent. These environmental factors include physical activity, nutrition, drugs and stress. The numerical and functional impairment of T cells and B cells from both primary and secondary influences on the immune system hampers response to vaccines. Following immunisation, older persons show decreased antibody concentration, delayed peak antibody titres and a faster decline in titres, especially in the very old and frail. Modification of environmental factors impacting on the immune system is essential, especially in the older population.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Deuterated α-Amino Acids through Nonenzymatic Transamination Reaction and the Determination of Their Enantiomeric Excesses (1983)

Abstract Optically active α-deuterated α-amino acids were prepared in methano-d through Zn2+-catalyzed transamination reaction between the chiral pyridoxamine analogs, (R)- or (S)-15-aminomethyl-14-hydroxy-5,5-dimethyl-2,8-dithia[9] (2,5)pyridinophane and various α-keto acids with enantiomeric excesses ranging from 40 to 94%. Aliphatic α-keto acids gave α-deuterated α-amino acids, whereas aromatic ones possessing a methylene group between the carbonyl group (ketone) and the aromatic ring underwent concomitant deuterium substitution at the active methylene group to give the amino acids deuterated at both α- and β-positions of the carboxyl group. The use of the (S)-pyridoxamine analog gave the (R)-deuterated α-amino acids in excess and vice versa. The enatiomeric excesses of the amino acids were determined through the analyses of 1H NMR spectra of the Schiff bases produced by the condensation of the amino acids with the chiral pyridoxal analog, (R)- or (S)-15-formyl-14-hydroxy-2,8-dithia[9](2, 5)pyridinophane. The azomethine protons of the diastereomeric Schiff bases were clearly resolved in the spectrum and their intensities well reflected the amount of the diastereomers.