gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Glioma Angiogenesis: Coordinate Induction of VEGF Receptors, Distribution of VEGF Protein and Possible In Vivo Regulatory Mechanisms (1995)

We have previously suggested that tumor angiogenesis in human gliomas is regulated by a paracrine mechanism involving vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and flt-1 (VEGF-receptor 1). VEGF, an endothelial-cell-specific mitogen, is abundantly expressed in glioma cells which reside along necrotic areas, whereas flt-1, a tyrosine-kinase receptor for VEGF, is expressed in tumor endothelial cells, but not in endothelial cells in normal adult brain. Recently, a second tyrosine-kinase receptor which binds VEGF with high affinity, designated KDR or flk-1, has been described. We performed in situ hybridization for VEGF mRNA, flt-1 mRNA and KDR mRNA on serial sections of normal brain, low-grade and high-grade glioma specimens. We show that KDR mRNA is co-expressed with flt-1 in vascular cells in glioblastoma but not in low-grade glioma. Since flt-1 and KDR are not expressed in endothelial cells in the normal adult brain, the coordinate up-regulation of 2 receptors for VEGF appears to be a critical event which controls tumor angiogenesis. Immunocytochemistry with a monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody revealed significant amounts of VEGF protein in the same glioma cells that expressed VEGF mRNA. The largest amount of VEGF immunoreactivity, however, was detected on the vasculature of glioblastomas, the site where VEGF exerts its biological functions. These findings suggest that VEGF is produced and secreted by glioma cells and acts on tumor endothelial cells which express VEGF receptors. To further characterize VEGF-producer cells in vivo, we investigated cellular proliferation, immunoreactivity to the p53 tumor-suppressor gene product and epidermal-growth-factor-receptor (EGFR) expression on serial sections by immunocytochemistry. VEGF-producer cells did not show increased cellular proliferation, p53 immunoreactivity or EGFR immunoreactivity as compared with glioma cells which did not express VEGF. Our studies therefore do not demonstrate evidence for a growth advantage of VEGF-producer cells in vivo or VEGF induction by p53 mutation or EGFR over-expression.
Crystal and molecular structure of di-tert-adamantyl disulfide. Extension of the correlation between the sulfur-sulfur dihedral angle and the sulfur lone-pair energy gap (1980)

The crystal and molecular structure of di-tert-adamantyl disulfide (1, DAD; C20H30S2) has been determined from diffractometer data. The unit cell is monoclinic: space group P21/c; a = 12.015 (3), b = 11.556 (3), c = 12.959 (3) Å; β = 90.42 (2)°; V = 1799 Å3; Z = 4; = 1.24 Mg/m-3. Least-squares refinements gave R = 0.074 for 649 observed reflections. The torsion angle θ(CSSC) = 110.5 (9)°. The observation of an enlarged S-S dihedral angle permits a tentative extension of the correlation between 0(CSSC) and the photoelectron spectroscopically determined ionization energy difference, ∆E(n+-n-), and disulfide torsional angles above 90°. The molecular geometry of t-Bu-SS-t-Bu is revised accordingly.
One-pot three-component synthesis and photophysical characteristics of novel triene merocyanines (2014)

Novel triene merocyanines, i.e. 1-styryleth-2-enylidene and 4-(1,3,3-trimethylindolin-2-ylidene)but-2-en-1-ylideneindolones are obtained in good to excellent yields in a consecutive three-component insertion Sonogashira coupling-addition sequence. The selectivity of either series is remarkable and has its origin in the stepwise character of the terminal addition step as shown by extensive computations on the DFT level. All merocyanines display intense absorption bands in solution and the film spectra indicate J-aggregation. While 1-styryleth-2-enylideneindolones show an intense deep red emission in films, 4-(1,3,3-trimethylindolin-2-ylidene)but-2-en-1-ylideneindolones are essentially nonemissive in films or in the solid state. TD-DFT computations rationalize the charge-transfer nature of the characteristic broad long-wavelength absorptions bands.
Beiträge zu den Eigenschaften von Titanaten mit Ilmenitstruktur. I. Aspekte eines Hochtemperaturphasenübergangs in NiTiO<sub>3</sub> (1991)

Abstract Nickeltitanat (NiTiO 3 , Ilmenit‐Typ) zeigt im Temperaturbereich zwischen 1 250°C und 1 290°C einen anormalen Anstieg der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitiger deutlicher Abnahme der Aktivierungsenergie. Auch die Temperaturabhängigkeit des Seebeck‐Koeffizienten verläuft im genannten Temperaturbereich anormal. DTA‐Untersuchungen deuten auf einen Phasenübergang hin; die Umwandlungsenthalpie Δ u H m beträgt 17 ± 3 kJ mol −1 . Von Temperaturen unterhalb und oberhalb des Anomaliebereiches abgeschreckte Proben (Pulver und Einkristalle) weisen keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den Gitterkonstanten oder Atomlagen auf. Die Bestimmung der Kationenverteilung mit Hilfe röntgenographischer Pulvermethoden scheiterte am Auftreten starker Textureffekte. Einkristalluntersuchungen zeigen unabhängig von der Abschrecktemperatur eine geordnete Ilmenitstruktur an. Aus den erhaltenen Daten wird auf einen enantiotropen Ordnungs‐Unordnungsübergang höherer Ordnung geschlossen, wobei die Hochtemperaturphase als mit den verwendeten Methoden nicht abschreckbar zu betrachten ist.
Doppler-independent selective heterodyne radiometry for detection of remote species (1975)

A multiple-frequency heterodyne radiometer is proposed for the detection of radiation from known species moving with unknown velocities. Expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio and the minimum detectable total power are obtained for sinusoidal signals and for Gaussian signals with both Gaussian and Lorentzian spectra. In distinction to the conventional system, knowledge of absolute line rest frequencies and a stable, tunable local oscillator are not required. The system may find use in the detection of certain remote species such as interstellar molecules and pollutants. A number of potential applications are examined.
Fluid Dynamics as an Evolutionary Constraint for Flapping Appendages (2006)

1 that relates the kinematics of a flapping wing with the circulation of the leading edge vortex produced. We show experimentally that a characteristic value of the formation parameter is associated with vortex saturation and maximum transient lift production, and then we further generalize the definition of the formation pa rameter b y explicitly including the wing shape in its formulation. This allows a reverse engineering of the shape of a flapping wing , starting from its kinematics. We demonstrate the concept by considering Drosophila Melanogaster as a case study, showing that the aspect ratio of its wings is determined by the need to form vortices of max imal circulation while flapping.
Dopant-independent and voltage-selectable silicon-nanowire-CMOS technology for reconfigurable logic applications (2010)

In this paper, we report on the fabrication and characterization of a novel voltage-selectable (VS) nanowire (NW) CMOS technology suitable to extend the flexibility in circuit design and reconfigurable logic applications. Silicon NW-structures with Schottky-S/D-junctions on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate are used to realize dopant-independent unipolar CMOS-like transistors. A selection of the device type (PMOS or NMOS) is performed by application of an appropriate back-gate bias. The versatile programming capability of this approach is demonstrated in a VS-NW-CMOS inverter set-up.
DIFFERENTIAL RELIABILITY: PROBABILISTIC ENGINEERING APPLIED TO WOOD MEMBERS IN BENDING/TENSION (1978)

Reliability analysis is a mathematical technique for appraising the design and materials of engineered structures to provide a quantitative estimate of probability of failure. Two or more cases which are similar in all respects but one may be analyzed by this method; the contrast between the probabilities of failure for these cases allows strong analytical focus on the case differences. This comparative procedure is known as differential reliability analysis. The technique is demonstrated by means of an example involving a simple truss member. Applications of reliability analysis important to truss design are discussed. Differential reliability analysis is shown to be of value for code calibration purposes--that is, for evaluating new products or structural systems in terms of the prevailing practice. Reliability analysis can also be valuable for predicting future design-and-use payoff for investments in material properties research. (Author)
Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes for Industrial IoT Applications using Vibration Energy Harvesting (2019)

Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvesting (EM-VEH) is an attractive alternative to batteries as power source for wireless sensor nodes within the Internet of Things (IoT) in industrial environments. Indeed, there is often an abundance of available kinetic energy, in the form of machinery vibrations, that can be converted into electrical power through energy harvesting techniques. Ambient vibrations are generally broadband and multi-modal configurations can be exploited to improve the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion. However, the additional challenge of energy conditioning (AC-to-DC conversion) brings into question what specific type of performance is to be expected in a real industrial application. This paper reports the operation of two practical IoT sensor nodes, continuously powered by the vibrations of a standard industrial compressor, using a multi-modal EM-VEH device, integrated with customised power management. The results show that the device and the power management circuit provides enough energy to receive and transmit data at minimum intervals of less than one minute. Descriptions of the system, test-bench, and the measured outcomes are presented.
Synthesis, Transport, and Morphogenesis of Type 5 Adenovirus Capsid Proteins (1970)

During the period between 20 and 24 hr after infection of KB cells with type 5 adenovirus, at a time when approximately 85% of the proteins made were virus-specific, viral proteins were synthesized on polyribosomes with an average sedimentation coefficient of 200S. The polypeptide chains synthesized during a 1-min period of labeling with (14)C-amino acids had an average sedimentation coefficient of 3.4S in sucrose gradients containing 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Within 1 min after completion, the newly made polypeptide chains were released from polyribosomes, and the majority were transported into the nuclei within 6 min. Meanwhile, the immunological reactivity of the newly synthesized proteins also increased rapidly. During the same 6-min interval after synthesis, the single polypeptide chains assembled into multimeric proteins with average sedimentation coefficients of 6S, 9S, and 12S. The 6S and 12S proteins were identified immunologically as the fiber and hexon capsid proteins, respectively. The 9S protein was trypsin-sensitive and appeared to be the precursor of the penton; it was tentatively identified as the penton base. The penton had a sedimentation coefficient of about 10.5S and sedimented with the hexon in sucrose gradients. The concomitant migration of nascent proteins into the nuclei, development of the capsid proteins' immunological reactivity, and morphogenesis of the multimeric capsid proteins suggest that the single polypeptide chains or small complexes were transported into the nuclei where they assembled into mature structural proteins of the virion.
Inferring basic parameters of the geodynamo from sequences of polarity reversals (2009)

The asymmetric time dependence and various statistical properties of polarity reversals of the Earth's magnetic field are utilized to infer some of the most essential parameters of the geodynamo, among them the effective (turbulent) magnetic diffusivity, the degree of supercriticality, and the relative strength of the periodic forcing which is believed to result from the Milankovic cycle of the Earth's orbit eccentricity. A time-stepped spherically symmetric alpha^2-dynamo model is used as the kernel of an inverse problem solver in form of a downhill simplex method which converges to solutions that yield a stunning correspondence with paleomagnetic data.
<title>Boeing active flow control system (BAFCS)-II</title> (2001)

The Boeing Active Flow Control (AFC) System (BAFCS) is a DARPA sponsored program to develop AFC technology to achieve a significant increase in payload for rotorcraft applications such as the V-22 tiltrotor vehicle. The program includes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, wind tunnel testing and development of smart material based AFC actuators. This paper will provide an overview of the program, concentrating on the development of the AFC actuators, and is an update of reference 1,2.
Past use of oral contraceptives and the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (1997)

Past use of OCs was associated with a slightly increased risk of developing SLE. The decision to use hormonal contraception must be individualized, but the small absolute risk observed for the development of SLE in white women should not be a dominant factor in the decision.
Performance limits of organic transistors (2002)

Field effect transistors with organic active layers are a fascinating new frontier in device physics. Devices have been made by many groups on a variety of substrates, including plastic, with a view to eventually develop low-cost, large-area electronic systems based on such transistor technology. Until recently, very little was known about charge transport phenomena in organic transistor active materials. We describe the results of a series of experiments which elucidate the mechanisms of carrier transport in thin film transistors (TFTs) based on oligothiophenes such as /spl alpha/-sexithiophene (/spl alpha/-6T) and their derivatives such as /spl alpha/,/spl omega/ dihexyl sexithiophene (H6T).
Modelling of macroscopic magnetic islands in tokamaks (2001)

The article presents experimental and theoretical investigations on the dynamics of saw-teeth and neoclassical tearing modes in tokamak plasmas. The main findings of these investigations are: (1) The experimental validation, on the basis of FTU and TCV data, of a model for the prediction of the sawtooth period and amplitude; (2) the importance of diamagnetic effects in determining the threshold for sawtooth crashes and the rotation of non-linear tearing modes; (3) a clarification of collisionless reconnection processes, in particular the role of phase mixing in association with magnetic island growth and saturation in dissipationless regimes. The interplay between ECRH and macroscopic island dynamics is also discussed.
MSH3 Mediates Sensitization of Colorectal Cancer Cells to Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, and a Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor (2011)

The MSH3 gene is one of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes that has undergone somatic mutation frequently in MMR-deficient cancers. MSH3, together with MSH2, forms the MutSβ heteroduplex, which interacts with interstrand cross-links (ICLs) induced by drugs such as cisplatin and psoralen. However, the precise role of MSH3 in mediating the cytotoxic effects of ICL-inducing agents remains poorly understood. In this study, we first examined the effects of MSH3 deficiency on cytotoxicity caused by cisplatin and oxaliplatin, another ICL-inducing platinum drug. Using isogenic HCT116-derived clones in which MSH3 expression is controlled by shRNA expression in a Tet-off system, we discovered that MSH3 deficiency sensitized cells to both cisplatin and oxaliplatin at clinically relevant doses. Interestingly, siRNA-induced down-regulation of the MLH1 protein did not affect MSH3-dependent toxicity of these drugs, indicating that this process does not require participation of the canonical MMR pathway. Furthermore, MSH3-deficient cells maintained higher levels of phosphorylated histone H2AX and 53BP1 after oxaliplatin treatment in comparison with MSH3-proficient cells, suggesting that MSH3 plays an important role in repairing DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). This role of MSH3 was further supported by our findings that MSH3-deficient cells were sensitive to olaparib, a poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Moreover, the combination of oxaliplatin and olaparib exhibited a synergistic effect compared with either treatment individually. Collectively, our results provide novel evidence that MSH3 deficiency contributes to the cytotoxicity of platinum drugs through deficient DSB repair. These data lay the foundation for the development of effective prediction and treatments for cancers with MSH3 deficiency.
1.5 MeV proton irradiation effects on electrical and structural properties of TiO2/n-Si interface (2014)

In this paper, we report the effect of 1.5 MeV proton beam irradiation dose on the structural and electrical properties of TiO2 thin films deposited on n–Si substrates. The formation and transformation of different TiO2 phases in the irradiated thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the as grown film was rich in Ti5O9 phase and then converted to mixed phases of TiO2 (rutile and anatase) after exposure with radiation doses up to 5 × 1014 cm−2. The XPS results revealed the formation of oxygen vacancy (negative) traps in the exposed TiO2 films, which showed strong dependence on the dose. The C-V measurements showed that proton radiations also damaged the Si substrate and created deep level defects in the substrate, which caused a shift of 0.26 ± 0.01 V in the flat band voltage (VFB). I–V measurements showed that the ideality factor increased and the rectification ratio dropped with the increase in the radiation dose. The present study showed the stability of TiO2/Si interface and TiO2 film as an oxide layer against proton radiations.
Characterization of Anti-Heart Mitochondria Autoantibodies Produced in Dogs following Myocardial Infarction (1974)

A complement-fixing, heart-reactive serum component that develops in dogs following experimental myocardial infarction was characterized with respect to its immunoglobulin nature and its subcellular membrane and organ specificities. The immunoglobulin nature of the heart-reactive serum factor was established by the following evidence: (1) the factor was not removed from the serum following absorption of up to 90% of the first component of dog complement with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-anti-BSA immune precipitates, (2) the serum factor sedimented in the 19S region of sucrose density gradients, and (3) affinity chromatography using a Sepharose column coupled with rabbit anti-dog µ-chain-specific antibody resulted in the removal of nearly all of the heart-reactive substance. The major subcellular autoantigenic locus of the dog heart was determined to be the outer mitochondrial membrane. Serum containing the autoantibody demonstrated a six-fold greater autoantibody titer when outer mitochondrial membrane was used as the test antigen than it did when inner mitochondrial membrane was used. Absorption experiments suggested that the autoantigenic determinants residing on inner and outer mitochondrial membranes were unique to the individual membranes. Significant cross-reaction of the anti-heart autoantibody between heart and skeletal muscle mitochondria was observed, but no cross-reaction was seen with dog liver mitochondrial membranes.
Inhibition of osteoblastic Smurf1 promotes bone formation in mouse models of distinctive age-related osteoporosis (2018)

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is essential for osteogenesis. However, recombinant human BMPs (rhBMPs) exhibit large inter-individual variations in local bone formation during clinical spinal fusion. Smurf1 ubiquitinates BMP downstream molecules for degradation. Here, we classify age-related osteoporosis based on distinct intraosseous BMP-2 levels and Smurf1 activity. One major subgroup with a normal BMP-2 level and elevated Smurf1 activity (BMP-2<sup>n</sup>/Smurf1<sup>e</sup>) shows poor response to rhBMP-2 during spinal fusion, when compared to another major subgroup with a decreased BMP-2 level and normal Smurf1 activity (BMP-2<sup>d</sup>/Smurf1<sup>n</sup>). We screen a chalcone derivative, i.e., 2-(4-cinnamoylphenoxy)acetic acid, which effectively inhibits Smurf1 activity and increases BMP signaling. For BMP-2<sup>n</sup>/Smurf1<sup>e</sup> mice, the chalcone derivative enhances local bone formation during spinal fusion. After conjugating to an osteoblast-targeting and penetrating oligopeptide (DSS)<sub>6</sub>, the chalcone derivative promotes systemic bone formation in BMP-2<sup>n</sup>/Smurf1<sup>e</sup> mice. This study demonstrates a precision medicine-based bone anabolic strategy for age-related osteoporosis.
On the influence of crater edges and neutral beam component on impurity profiles from raster scanning SIMS (1982)

Abstract A mathematical evaluation is presented for the beam raster scanning mode of depth profiling with SIMS, combined with electronic gating of the detection system. A computer program was developed in which a former treatment of the influence of the crater edges is extended to arbitrary impurity profiles and which also accounts for neutral particles in the primary beam. It is shown that these neutrals have a dramatic effect on the obtained dynamic range and that the commonly used background subtraction technique does not necessarily lead to the correct profile. The simulation including neutrals shows good agreement with an experimentally measured profile. Finally, the influence of the crater edges and the choice of an appropriate structure for measuring depth resolution and outdiffusion are discussed.
Letter to the Editor (2002)

To the Editor: In their article, Ajayi and Ukwade recommend “the need for more glaucoma screenings and proper patient education, particularly in Nigerian populations in which the consumption of caffeine, contained inkola nuts and other raw and processed products, is endemic and long-term” (Ajayi OB, Ukwade NT. Caffeine and intraocular pressure in a Nigerian population. J Glaucoma 2001;10:25–31). Their recommendation would cost a great deal, and might interfere with the lives of many Nigerians. Furthermore, if their findings were generalized to other populations, suggesting that all individuals who drink coffee are at greater risk for having progressive glaucomatous deterioration, the impact of their recommendation would be enormous. However, my interpretation of their study does not support such advice. The authors studied two groups: one that drank caffeinated coffee, and one that drank decaffeinated coffee. They found a mean rise of intraocular pressure of around 4 mm Hg, which was slightly more than the 3 mm Hg rise of pressure that occurred in those who drank decaffeinated coffee. There was a rise in blood pressure in those who drank caffeinated coffee of around 4 mm Hg. Thr rise in blood pressure preceded the rise in intraocular pressure. It is possible to argue that a momentary rise of intraocular pressure of the magnitude reported may make a glaucoma patient's condition worse. The authors, however, have certainly not shown that. It would also be possible to argue that drinking caffeinated coffee might make patients with glaucoma better because it causes a momentary increase in ocular perfusion pressure. Perhaps drinking coffee improves the nutrition of the optic nerve. That possibility is perhaps no more speculative than the idea that the rise in intraocular pressure might worsen the condition of glaucoma patients. The authors have approached an important issue. Patients frequently ask whether or not drinking coffee is something to be avoided. The matter needs to be appropriately investigated so that it can be determined whether there was, in fact, a beneficial or detrimental effect of drinking coffee, with or without caffeine, in a population of patients with glaucoma, or in some subpopulation of patients with glaucoma. Unfortunately, this article does not answer that question. To recommend changes that would have quite a sweeping sociologic effect seems inappropriate. George L. Spaeth