gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Handbook of Research on Venture Capital (2007)

This Handbook provides an excellent overview of our knowledge on the various facets of managerial venture capital research. The book opens with a thorough survey of venture capital as a research field; conceptual, theoretical and geographic aspects are explored, and its pioneers revisited. The focus then shifts to the specific environs of venture capital.
Generation of Arynes via Ate Complexes of Arylboronic Esters with an <i>ortho</i>-Leaving Group (2013)

An efficient method of generating aryne has been achieved by treating ortho-(trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy)arylboronic acid pinacol ester with tert- or sec-butyllithium. Monitoring the reaction by (11)B NMR has indicated that a boron-ate complex formed in situ is the eventual precursor that converts into aryne near room temperature. The prior formation of the ate complex at a low temperature has enabled us to use various arynophiles, including those bearing base-sensitive groups. The ready availability of the aryne precursors and mutual orthogonality in aryne generation with widely used ortho-silylaryl triflate have enhanced the utility of the method.
Variation in wood, kraft fibre, and handsheet properties among 29 trees of Eucalyptus regnans, and comparison with E. nitens and E. fastigata. (2000)

Variation in and relationships between wood, chemical, kraft fibre, and kraft handsheet properties were studied in 29 individual trees of Eucalyptus regnans F. Mueller, aged 2021 years, grown in Kaingaroa Forest, New Zealand. Means and ranges of these characteristics for E. regnans were also compared with those for similar 29-tree samples from E. nitens (Deane et Maiden) Maiden and E. fastigata Deane et Maiden from the same forest, aged 15-16 years. The trees sampled of E. regnans were of lower wood density (in spite of their greater age) and had kraft fibres that were longer, broader, thinner-walled, and had higher levels of collapse than those of either of the other species. Eucalyptus regnans individual-tree pulps showed the widest range of apparent sheet density compared with the other two species but had a similar mean, which was well predicted by wood density or by the level of fibre collapse in handsheets. Eucalyptus regnans trees had a good pulp yield, similar to those of E. nitens. For a market kraft pulp, E. regnans grown for 15 years could be expected to give a kraft pulp very deficient in handsheet bulk.
Article (1996)

Supermirrors, which are Ni,C,.,/Tiaperiodic multilayers, have become more and more important for use in neutron guides.The effects of neutron radiation on the structural and optical properties of such stacks have been studied to estimate the lifetime of the neutron guides.The results presented here have been obtained by neutron reflectivity, X-ray diffraction, Conversion-Electron Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy.It has been observed that the reflecting performances of the supermirrors were not altered by irradiation, but that a structural change did occur in the Ti layers.
119 An probabilistic model-building Genetic Algorithm with Multiple Neighborhoods (2008)

Recently, several heuristic computational methods have been developed for complex real problems. Especially, PMBGAs using statistical information of the good search points have been attracted attention by many researchers and several types of PMBGAs are proposed. In this paper, a novel real-coded probabilistic model-building Genetic Algorithms (PMBGAs) which is called Multiple Neighborhoods Sampling (MNS) is proposed. PMBGAs have a issue that search points converge, while the MNS has a characteristic that search points are maintained different diversities. In the MNS, a new searching point is generated using the neighborhood area. When the neighborhood is narrow, a new search point is generated for the local search. On the other hand, when the neighborhood is wide, a new search point is generated for global search. The MNS has multiple neighborhoods whose width is different respectively. Therefore, search points do not converge and the MNS can run efficiently solution search. Through the standard test functions, the effectiveness of the MNS is examined. The results describe that the MNS shows the better performance than Simple GA.
High Energy Fuels I: A Novel Preparation of Exo‐Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene by Isomerization of Endo‐Tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (1986)

Abstract Endo‐tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (IV) is isomerized in the presence of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (I) to give exo‐tetrahydrodicyclopentadiene (V). At higher acid concentrations, the isomerization occurs instantaneously. The preferred molar ratio of I to IV is in the range 0.05 to 4.0 and the preferred temperature is in the range 20° C to 100° C . Under these conditions, virtually no admantane is formed and undesirable C 10 H 16 isomers can be reduced to a minimum. Besides the homogeneous system, the acid catalyst also works in a two‐phase heterogeneous system. The spent acid in the heterogeneous system can be reused without losing catalytic effectiveness.
Carboxyl terminus of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Contribution to NADPH binding and enzymatic activity. (1994)

Cloning of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) from RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages (Xie, Q.-w., Cho, H. J., Calaycay, J., Mumford, R. A., Swiderek, K. M., Lee, T. D., Ding, A., Troso, T., and Nathan, C. (1992) Science 256, 225-228) yielded two sets of cDNA: one with a longer coding region of 1144 amino acids, whose sequence matched that of the purified protein, and another with a shorter coding region of 1122 amino acids, in which the last 10 carboxyl-terminal amino acids differed completely from those of the long form. We have now found that the short form lacks NOS activity. To determine the basis of this defect, we prepared recombinant chimeric, deletional, and point mutants of the long and short NOS variants, monitored their expression by immunoblot, and tested their enzymatic activity. By itself, lack of the 22-carboxyl-terminal residues of the long form NOS was scarcely consequential. Mutation of Phe1122, the only aromatic residue within one of the longest conserved regions shared by all NOSs of reported sequence, reduced enzymatic activity by 41%. Deletion of 23 carboxyl-terminal amino acids (including Phe1122) reduced activity by 71%. Further loss of Ile1121, another completely conserved residue, reduced activity by 95%, and with the deletion of the rest of the conserved region, NOS activity was undetectable. Normal dimerization and binding of heme and calmodulin by the short variants militated against distortions of tertiary structure affecting the amino-terminal half or middle portion of the protein. In contrast, the short variants were deficient in binding to NADPH, as predicted by a model of tertiary structure based on that of spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. This is the first demonstration that the carboxyl terminus of NOS is a functionally critical region.
CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF HOUSEHOLD GRAYWATER (2001)

In arid areas, the search for efficient methods to conserve water is of paramount importance. One of the methods of water conservation available today is graywater recycling--the reuse of water from the sinks, showers, washing machine, and dishwasher in a home. The purpose of this project was to characterize the chemical and microbial quality of graywater from a single-family home with two adults. Water samples from a graywater holding tank were analyzed over a seven-month period for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and coliphages. The pH, turbidity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), suspended solids (SS), electrical conductivity (EC), sulfates (SO4), and chlorides (Cl) were also measured. The mean numbers of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, and P. aeruginosa were 8.03 x 10(7), 5.63 x 10(5), 2.38 x 10(2), and 1.99 x 10(4) CFU/100 mL, respectively. S. aureus and coliphages were not detected. In the chemical analysis, mean values of 7.47 for pH, 43 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU) for turbidity, 64.85 mg/L for BOD, 35.09 mg/L for SS, 0.43 mS/cm for EC, 59.59 mg/L for SO4, and 20.54 mg/L for Cl were measured. These data were compared to data taken in 1986 and 1987, when two adults and one child lived in the household. Analysis showed no statistically significant difference in levels of total coliforms and suspended solids between the two data sets. There were statistically significant differences in levels of fecal coliforms, pH, turbidity, chlorides, sulfates, and BOD between the two households. Fecal coliforms, turbidity, and BOD were higher in the household with two adults and one child. Levels of Cl, SO4, and pH were higher in the household with two adults.
A New Approach to GPS Phase Multipath Mitigation (2003)

There have been a number of important developments in recent years in the mitigation of code multipath in GPS receivers but very little progress has been made with the mitigation of phase multipath and it remains the singlemost important source of error in short baseline kinematic GPS and in most network Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) applications. University College London (UCL), the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussees (LCPC) and Leica Geosystems are collaborating in the development of methodologies to reduce this error source and so improve RTK GPS performance. For several years Leica Geosystems have been developing a new GPS phase multipath mitigation technique leading to the ability of a receiver to deliver additional information from a separate dedicated correlator that enables the direct correction of the multipath-biased phase output from the measurement correlator. The technique has the potential to eliminate many multipath components and is based on sampling the received signals together with their possible multipath components before and immediately after code transitions. This paper explains the basic theory behind the method and summarises the key elements of the associated patents. Two Leica System 500 receivers have been modified to incorporate the firmware necessary to use this new technique and a number of tests have been carried out to assess its capabilities both with lightweight and choke-ring antennas. These tests have been carried out at the LCPC near Nantes in France in May and June 2002. In order to create large multipath signals for some of the tests a 5 m by 2.5 m steel panel has been constructed and placed at different locations near to one of the antennas. Kinematic tests were carried out using the SESSYL kinematic positioning test bed, which consists of a carriage that can be moved in a controlled manner on an 180 m oval-shaped monorail. This enabled the roving antenna to be moved on a known trajectory in order to provide millimetre-level reference positions for the tests. Initial results from the tests are extremely encouraging and are described in detail in this paper. The size of the multipath component of double differenced phase measurements has been reduced by up to 30% when using lightweight antennas and some of the theoretical characteristics of the method have been confirmed. The method is shown to have significant potential for reducing multipath at both roving receivers and at reference receiver locations, especially in cities and on engineering sites where high levels of multipath can often occur and where the number of satellites in view is critical.
Improving the Performance of Web Services Using Deployment-Time Binding Selection (2007)

In this paper, we present a novel deployment-time binding selection framework for Web services to improve the performance. Using the information about target environments, we determine the best binding based on the availability and the accessibility of a service, and the performance characteristics of the bindings in a target environment. We have implemented the proposed mechanism as part of Eclipse-based development tools. We present an extensive performance evaluation of our methodology using benchmarks that we have created following public Web service interfaces, and emulating several e-business applications including a large scale legacy transaction processing system that runs on a mainframe.
Stereochemistry of the DBU/LiCl-Assisted Nucleophilic Substitution at Phosphorus in Nucleoside-3‘-<i>O</i>-(<i>Se</i>-methyl Methanephosphonoselenolate)s (1998)

The crystal and molecular structure of diastereomerically pure N4-benzoyl-2‘-deoxycytidine 3‘-O-(Se-methyl methanephosphonoselenolate (FAST-eluted) (4, R = H, B = CBz) and 5‘-O-pixylthymidine 3‘-O-(S-methyl methanephosphonothiolate (FAST-eluted) (5) have been elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The absolute configuration at the phosphorus atom in both compounds is SP. Each FAST-4‘ (R = DMT, B = CBz) and FAST-5 (R = Px, B = Thy) in the process of DBU/LiCl-assisted condensation with 3‘-O-acetyl-N4-benzoylcytidine and 3‘-O-acetylthymidine gave after deprotection (SP)-dicytidine-(3‘,5‘)-methanephosphonate and (SP)- dithymidine-(3‘,5‘)-methanephosphonate, respectively. Unambiguous assignment of the absolute configuration at the phosphorus in 4 (R = H, B = CBz) and 5 (R = Px, B = Thy) allows for stereochemical correlation and the conclusion that DBU/LiCl-assisted nucleophilic substitution at phosphorus occurs with net inversion of configuration, in contrast to our earlier erroneous deduction.5 Moreover, the knowledge of the absolute configuration at the phosphorus atom in both 4 (R = H, B = CBz) and 5 (R = Px, B = Thy) allows for assignment of the absolute configuration at phosphorus in precursors of 4‘ and 5, such as 5‘-O-DMT-nucleoside 3‘-O- methanephosphonothioanilidates (6), methanephosphonoanilidates (8), and methanephosphonoselenoanilidates (9).
Mn2As Films and MnGa/Mn2As/MnGa Trilayers on GaAs (001) (1998)

We have succeeded in growing for the first time Mn2As thin films on GaAs (001) using molecular beam epitaxy. Bulk Mn2As is a layered antiferromagnetic material. Single-crystalline films with the c axis perpendicular to the substrate were grown directly on the GaAs substrates, as well as on MnGa seed layers, where MnGa is a ferromagnet. We also grew MnGa/Mn2As/MnGa trilayers, and we found interlayer coupling with oscillatory spacer layer thickness dependence. The coupling strengths at room temperature were up to -0.63 mJ/m2 (antiferromagnetic) and +0.53 mJ/m2 (ferromagnetic). The oscillation period was between 0.95 and 1.55 nm, which is close to the period of the antiferromagnetic order in Mn2As (1.25 nm). The sign of the magnetoresistance was correlated with the sign of the interlayer coupling in the same way as was found earlier for MnGa/ (Mn, Ga, As)/MnGa trilayers.
An Autonomous, Real-Time Asset Management System for the International Space Station: Net Present Value Analysis (2008)

*† ‡ This paper provides a cost-benefit analysis for a real-time, autonomous inventory management system for the International Space Station (ISS) based upon Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. This paper describes a Net Present Value (NPV) analysis of a possible application of the system to the International Space Station’s cargo transfer bags. Quantities such as crew time, cargo launch volume, and cargo launch mass were monetized to allow comparison of costs and benefits, and several different implementation scenarios were evaluated. The analysis found that the application has marginal or negative value under conservative assumptions, but possibly significant positive value when inventory transactions are concentrated in a subset of the total cargo transfer bag population, and/or if ISS Operations are continued into 2018/2020. We show that a modest concentration of inventory transactions – for example, 75% of transactions occurring in the 50% of the bags that are RFID equipped - results in a positive mean NPV of approximately $46.8 million, and an 84% probability of a positive NPV. Also, a gradual Phase-In Implementation Scenario – as it is modeled in this work – is inferior to a more rapid deployment of the system via Modification Kits.
Prenatal Stress Impairs Spinal Cord Oligodendrocyte Maturation via BDNF Signaling in the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis (2020)

One of the most substantial and established environmental risk factors for neurological and psychiatric disorders is stress exposure, whose detrimental consequences hinge on several variables including time. In this regard the gestational period is known to present an intrinsic vulnerability to environmental insults and thus stressful events during pregnancy can lead to severe consequences on the offspring's brain development with long-term repercussions throughout adulthood. On this basis, we investigated the long-lasting impact of prenatal stress exposure on the susceptibility to the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a well-established murine model of multiple sclerosis. Although stress is considered a triggering factor for this chronic, progressive, autoimmune disease, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. To this end, EAE was induced by immunization with MOG35-55/CFA and pertussis toxin administration in adult female C57BL/6 mice born from control or stressed dams exposed to restraint stress during the last days of gestation. Our results demonstrate that gestational stress induces a marked increase in the severity of EAE symptoms in adulthood. Further, we highlight an altered maturation of oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of prenatally stressed EAE mice, as indicated by the higher levels of GPR17, a marker of immature oligodendrocyte precursor cells. These behavioral and molecular alterations are paralleled by changes in the expression and signaling of the neurotrophin BDNF, an important mediator of neural plasticity that may contribute to stress-induced impaired remyelination. Since several already marketed drugs are able to modulate BDNF levels, these results pave the way to the possibility of repositioning these drugs in multiple sclerosis.
High-fidelity spatial addressing of $^{43}\text{Ca}^+$ qubits using near-field microwave control (2016)

Individual addressing of qubits is essential for scalable quantum computation. Spatial addressing allows unlimited numbers of qubits to share the same frequency, whilst enabling arbitrary parallel operations. We demonstrate addressing of long-lived $^{43}\text{Ca}^+$ atomic clock qubits held in separate zones of a microfabricated surface trap with integrated microwave electrodes. By coherently cancelling the microwave field in one zone we measure a ratio of Rabi frequencies between addressed and non-addressed qubits of up to 1400, implying an addressing error of $1.3\times 10^{-6}$. Off-resonant excitation prevents this error level being directly demonstrated, but we also show polarization control of the microwave field with error $2\times 10^{-5}$, sufficient to suppress off-resonant excitation out of the qubit states to the $\sim 10^{-9}$ level. Such polarization control could enable fast microwave operations.
Determination of Triacetin in Cigarette Filters by Pulsed Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Bestimmung von Triacetin in Zigarettenfiltern mit Hilfe der gepulsten Kernresonanzspektroskopie (1986)

Abstract Our investigations show that pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (p-NMR) is a suitable method of determining the triacetin content of freshly produced filter rods. The table-top pulse spectrometer tested in filter rod production distinguishes itself by the fact that it enables exact and reproducible direct measurements of whole filter rods to be made in seconds. There is no need for the whole process of preparing samples; after measurement the filters can be fed back into the production process. With the measuring method we have developed triacetin can be determined completely automatically, independent of sample weight and to a large extent independent of the moisture content of the filter material. The period of time between the triacetin application and the p-NMR measurement should be as short as possible and accurately reproducible.
Computer simulation of headrest design parameters and their effect on whiplash injury prevention (1999)

The objective of the study presented in this poster was to develop a computer tool which can be used to provide design guidelines tor whiplash prevention devices and evaluate the effectiveness of various approaches. Specifically, a computer model of the cervical spine was developed, and a parametric study of headrest design parameters was performed, including headrest stiffness, damping, and initial head-headrest gap. For the covering abstract of the conference see ITRD E203643.
Genome Scan for Therapy-Related Leukemia. (2005)

Abstract Therapy-related leukemia (t-ML) is a rare but devastating complication of anticancer treatment, including treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Although a number of treatment factors have been identified that contribute to the development of t-ML, little is known about the biology of the disease or the genetic risk factors. To identify possible genetic risk factors for and characteristics of t-ML among ALL patients, we used the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Mapping 100K set to genotype over 100,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in germline DNA from 13 cases with t-ML and from 13 matched controls, as well as DNA of the t-ML blast samples of the 13 cases. Controls were matched for treatment protocol, ALL risk classification, irradiation, prior use of G-CSF, and race. Germline allele frequencies differed (at the p &lt; 0.01 level) for 309 SNPs (203 genes) between t-ML cases and controls. Cytogenetically, most of the cases had translocations or inversions of 11q23; however, three cytogenetically-detected regions of chromosomal loss were also detected (on chromosome 5, 7, and 9, each found only once among the cases). These chromosomal deletions were all detected as regions of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and decreased copy number by paired intra-patient germline vs t-ML blast analyses of SNP calls. However, the paired SNP data indicated 216 regions of LOH (FDR = 2.5%) corresponding to a total of 81 non-contiguous regions (Figure), most of which were not detected as losses cytogenetically, and 38 shared (among pairs) regions of LOH. As many as 45 noncontiguous and 12 contiguous LOH regions were found among those cases with no cytogenetically defined regions of loss, including patients with simple balanced translocations. In addition to cytogenetically-defined cases, using SNP analyses we detected additional t-ML cases with regions of LOH on 5q (n=1), on chromosome 7 (n=4), and on chromosome 9 (n=2). In fact, only one patient, whose cytogenetics showed a balanced translocation involving 11q23, had no extended regions of LOH detected by SNP analysis. Altogether, 5 of the 13 cases demonstrated LOH on chromosome 7. Using a change-point model, we detected 18 regions of copy number increase and 21 regions of copy number decrease in the blasts compared to paired germline DNA (p&lt;0.01). We conclude that dense genotyping of SNPs not only accurately detects cytogenetically defined regions of gain or loss, but also chromosome abnormalities not found by conventional techniques. Genes associated with SNPs whose frequencies differed between cases and controls, with LOH, or altered copy number, are involved in apoptosis, DNA damage repair, and novel pathways, thereby providing candidate genes that may contribute to the development of t-ML. Figure: 81 regions of inferred LOH in case t-ML blast DNA compared to germline DNA indicated losses involving multiple autosomes. Figure:. 81 regions of inferred LOH in case t-ML blast DNA compared to germline DNA indicated losses involving multiple autosomes.