gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Electron-Transfer Rates in Mixed-Valence Triarylamines: Measurement by Variable-Temperature ESR Spectroscopy and Comparison with Optical Data (2009)

The electron spin resonance spectra of the radical cations of 4,4'-bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]tolane, E-4,4'-bis[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]stilbene, and E,E-1,4-bis{4-[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]styryl}benzene in dichloromethane exhibit five lines over a wide temperature range due to equivalent coupling to two 14N nuclei, indicating either delocalization between both nitrogen atoms or rapid intramolecular electron transfer on the electron spin resonance time scale. In contrast, those of the radical cations of 1,4-bis{4-[di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]phenylethynyl}benzene and E,E-1,4-bis{4-[di(4-n-butoxyphenyl)amino]styryl}-2,5-dicyanobenzene exhibit line shapes that vary strongly with temperature, displaying five lines at room temperature and only three lines at ca. 190 K, indicative of slow electron transfer on the electron spin resonance time scale at low temperatures. The rates of intramolecular electron transfer in the latter compounds were obtained by simulation of the electron spin resonance spectra and display an Arrhenius temperature dependence. The activation barriers obtained from Arrhenius plots are significantly less than anticipated from Hush analyses of the intervalence bands when the diabatic electron-transfer distance, R, is equated to the N[symbol: see text]N distance. Comparison of optical and electron spin resonance data suggests that R is in fact only ca. 40% of the N[symbol: see text]N distance, while the Arrhenius prefactor indicates that the electron transfer falls in the adiabatic regime.
Effect of Water Surface Loading and Harvesting on Purification Function by Hydroponic Biofilter Method and Evaluation of Pollution Control Efficiency using Mesocosm Experiment (2005)

本研究では、水耕生物ろ過法における水量負荷条件が水質浄化能に及ぼす影響、植物の刈り取り (収穫) の栄養塩類の除去に及ぼす影響について検討を行った。また、隔離水界を用いて水耕生物ろ過法による浄化が対象水域の水質および生態系に及ぼす影響を解析し、浄化能力を総合的に評価した。クレソン植栽水路において冬季を除いてT-Nが平均0.98 g・m-2・d-1、T-Pが平均0.10g・m-2・d-1の除去速度が得られた。最適水面積負荷を検討した結果、除去速度はT-Nが水面積負荷5 m3・m-2・d-1に、T-PやChl. aなどが4 m3・m-2・d-1に設定した場合に最大となった。一方、除去率は低負荷条件に比べ、高負荷条件で低下がみられ、目的に応じて水面積負荷の最適化を図る必要があることが明らかになった。刈り取りの処理に及ぼす影響については、適切な刈り取りを行うことで処理水質に悪影響を及ぼさないことがわかった。クレソン植栽水路を用いた処理により隔離水界中のT-NおよびT-P濃度は低く、25日目においてChl.a濃度は41.1 μg・l -1を示し、対照系の隔離水界の77.4 μg・l -1と比べて1.9倍の差が認められた。特にMicrocystis sp. 除去については、10日目においては処理系水界および対照系水界のMicrocystis sp. の個体密度はそれぞれ1.1 × 103 N・ml -1と29 × 103 N・ml -1であった。本浄化システムにおいて栄養塩類を除去できるのみならず、藻類を量的に制御可能であり、さらに質的制御としての有毒藻類Microcystis sp. の除去や増殖抑制に極めて効果的であり、健全な生態系の維持にも効果があることがわかった。
Diverse signaling pathways in the cellular actions of insulin (1996)

Insulin is one of the most important regulators of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Many of its cellular actions are mediated by changes in protein phosphorylation. The consequences of these phosphorylation events extend from a series of different short-term metabolic actions to longer-term effects of the hormone on cellular growth and differentiation. Although the insulin receptor itself is a tyrosine kinase that is activated upon hormone binding, the ensuing changes in phosphorylation occur predominantly on serine and threonine residues. Moreover, insulin can simultaneously stimulate the phosphorylation of some proteins and the dephosphorylation of others. These paradoxical effects of insulin suggest that separate signal transduction pathways may emanate from the receptor itself to produce the pleiotropic actions of the hormone.
Kryptographie und IT-Sicherheit (2011)

gen, Mikro verfil mungen und die Ein speiche rung und Ver ar beitung in elek tro nischen Syste men.
A bibliography on the solvent extraction of soybeans and soybean products 1944–1968 (1969)

Abstract This bibiliography covers the effect of several solvents on oil removal, toxicity, color, texture or flavor of soybean flakes, flour and protein. The literature search included processes, principles and apparatus.
Measurements of the Time-Averaged Potentials in Low-Pressure, rf Discharges using an Ion-Beam Probe (1968)

A positive-ion-beam probe has been used to examine the approximate static electric-field distribution in low-pressure rf discharges. Analysis of deflection data has yielded a picture of the way in which the potential distributions vary as one moves from the multipacting type of discharge up to the modes in which dark-sheath rf plasmoids can be observed. The measurements confirm that the multipacting discharge creates a well for positive ions; furthermore they show that the dark-sheath in plasmoidal discharges represents a narrow region in which the static electric field is much larger than either that in the center of the discharge or between the dark sheath and the walls.
Commentary (Tefferi): Diagnosis and Treatment of Thrombocythemia in Myeloproliferative Disorders (2001)

Myeloproliferative disorders originate in the clonal expansion of a transformed pluripotential hematopoietic progenitor cell. This results in a group of syndromes that include polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia,
Approach to Monobactams and Nocardicins via Diastereoselective Kinugasa Reaction (2015)

A Kinugasa reaction between copper(I) acetylides and cyclic nitrones derived from chiral amino alcohols and glyoxylic acid is reported. The stereochemical preferences observed in this reaction are discussed. The alkyne molecule approaches the nitrone exclusively anti to the large substituent next to the nitrogen atom to provide the cis-substituted β-lactam ring preferentially. The six-membered oxazinone ring can be opened by reduction with lithium borohydride. Deprotection of the β-lactam nitrogen atom can be achieved by lithium in liquid ammonia reduction or by CAN oxidation, depending on the substituents attached to the four-membered azetidinone ring. The adducts obtained by the Kinugasa reaction provide an attractive entry to a variety of monocyclic β-lactam structures related to monobactams and nocardicins.
Susceptibility determinants for mouse epidermal carcinogenesis. (1982)

SENCAR mice are markedly more susceptible to two-stage skin carcinogenesis than BALB/c mice. Studies were carried out to elucidate the basis for this sensitivity. It is not related to differences in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (DiGiovanni et al., 1980) but appears to be determined by the target tissue, since when SENCAR skin was grafted onto nude mice they developed papillomas at a high frequency after initiation and promotion, whereas after grafting of BALB/c skin, no tumours developed. DNA repair capacity was studied in SENCAR and BALB/c epidermal cells in culture. Host cell reactivation, utilizing ultra-violet light-irradiated herpes simplex virus, was similar in cells of the two strains. SENCAR cells have a greater binding capacity for epidermal growth factor than BALB/c cells; however, the increased binding in response to retinoic acid and the rapid decrease after exposure to phorbol esters are similar in the two strains. Spontaneous expression of endogenous proviral DNA sequences for xenotropic-type C RNA viruses occurs more readily in BALB/c epidermal cells than in those of SENCAR. The frequency of spontaneous differentiation-resistant foci in vitro (Kulesz-Martin et al., 1980) is greater in SENCAR than in BALB/c epidermal cells. These results suggest that susceptibility for skin carcinogenesis in SENCAR mice is determined by the target tissue itself and has no clear relation to DNA excision repair, endogenous virus complement or epidermal growth factor receptors.
Laser Processing of Quartz for Microfluidic Device Fabrication (2012)

This paper presents a fast fabrication process of microfluidic channels with quartz substrates. Microchannels were ablated on the surface of quartz samples with a CO 2 laser. Double sided Pressure Sensitive Adhesive (PSA) was applied to bond the samples with scribed microchannels to flat glass sheets. Dimensions of the fabricated channels were characterised with optical microscopy and laser profilometry. The recorded data was modelled with a BoxBehnken experiment design using Response Surface Methodology. Characterisation included also the measurement of optical transmission through the processed glass and measurement of flow rate through the fabricated channels. With an average width of 165 µm and depth of 280µm, fabricated channels had appropriate dimensions for a range of microfluidic applications. A significant width of the laser processed channels provided 100% transmission for a wide range of the optical spectrum. These fabricated channels were also shown to not significantly retard the fluid flow rate thus making these channels applicable for integration into numerous detection systems for chemical separation applications.
Synthesis of Certain β-Diketones from Acid Chlorides and Ketones by Sodium Amide. Mono versus Diacylation of Sodio Ketones with Acid Chlorides<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Certain β-Diketones from Acid Chlorides and Ketones by Sodium Amide. Mono versus Diacylation of Sodio Ketones with Acid Chlorides1Bruce O. Linn and Charles R. HauserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 23, 6066–6070Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01604a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01604a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views602Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predictability of Evolutionary Trajectories in Fitness Landscapes (2011)

Experimental studies on enzyme evolution show that only a small fraction of all possible mutation trajectories are accessible to evolution. However, these experiments deal with individual enzymes and explore a tiny part of the fitness landscape. We report an exhaustive analysis of fitness landscapes constructed with an off-lattice model of protein folding where fitness is equated with robustness to misfolding. This model mimics the essential features of the interactions between amino acids, is consistent with the key paradigms of protein folding and reproduces the universal distribution of evolutionary rates among orthologous proteins. We introduce mean path divergence as a quantitative measure of the degree to which the starting and ending points determine the path of evolution in fitness landscapes. Global measures of landscape roughness are good predictors of path divergence in all studied landscapes: the mean path divergence is greater in smooth landscapes than in rough ones. The model-derived and experimental landscapes are significantly smoother than random landscapes and resemble additive landscapes perturbed with moderate amounts of noise; thus, these landscapes are substantially robust to mutation. The model landscapes show a deficit of suboptimal peaks even compared with noisy additive landscapes with similar overall roughness. We suggest that smoothness and the substantial deficit of peaks in the fitness landscapes of protein evolution are fundamental consequences of the physics of protein folding.
Active control of position, density, and size for Si quantum dots for nanophotonic applications (2002)

Ordered Si nanocrystals showing a strong room temperature luminescence are prepared using a novel SiO/SiO2 superlattice approach fully compatible to Si technology. This enables independent control of particle size as well as particle density and particle position. Size control is demonstrated for nanocrystal sizes of 3.8 nm to 2 nm. A size-dependent blue shift of the luminescence from 900 to 750 nm and a luminescence intensity comparable to porous Si are observed. Experiments using high power excitation show a saturation behavior, a blue shift of the PL peak position by 61-87 meV and an increase in full width at half maximum depending on size. A blue shift by around 60 meV is found for luminescence at 5 K. Erbium doping of the superlattice structure for photonic applications is discussed.
Endogenous nerve growth factor stimulation: effects on auditory pathway neural cells in a mouse model. (2018)

This treatment can significantly protect and/or delay degeneration of cochlear auditory NGF-target cells. It is free from side effects and can be used in chronic diseases for as long as needed. It remains to be investigated whether the effects of short-term therapy are long-lasting, or if the treatment must be repeated.
Ezrin is a target for oncogenic Kit mutants in murine erythroleukemia (2008)

The model of erythroleukemia caused by Spi-1/PU.1 transgenesis in mice is a multistage disease. A preleukemic step is characterized by an acute proliferation of proerythroblasts due to the arrest of differentiation provoked by Spi-1/PU.1. Later on, a blastic crisis occurs associated with somatic oncogenic mutations in the stem cell factor (SCF) receptor kit. To gain insights into the mechanisms of the leukemic progression, we performed proteomic profiling analyses of proerythroblasts isolated at the 2 stages of the disease. Our results indicate that the level of ezrin, a membrane cytoskeletal crosslinker, is increased in the leukemic cells. We show that Kit oncogenic forms are responsible for ezrin phosphorylation and that phosphorylation rather than overexpression is essential in the leukemic proerythroblasts. Using expression of dominant-negative forms of ezrin, we show that phosphorylation of ezrin on residue Y353 participates in apoptosis resistance, whereas phosphorylation on residue Y145 promotes proliferation of the leukemic cells in vitro and in vivo. Another recurrent oncogenic form of tyrosine kinases (Flt3) most frequently involved in human myeloid leukemia was also able to phosphorylate ezrin. These findings point to a new role for ezrin as signaling player in the development of leukemia, being a downstream effector of oncogenic tyrosine kinases in leukemic blasts.
Marine Botany: An Introduction E. Yale Dawson (1966)

Journal Article Marine Botany: An Introduction Get access Marine Botany: An Introduction, by Dawson E. Yale, Holt, Rinehart & Winston, Inc., New York, 1966, 371 pp., $9.95. Samuel P. Meyers Samuel P. Meyers University of Miami Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BioScience, Volume 16, Issue 12, December 1966, Page 897, https://doi.org/10.2307/1293678 Published: 01 December 1966
Real-time control of optical tweezers (2007)

Optically trapped microshperes can be manipulated by steering the trap beam, while the object position is measured with sub-nanometer resolution. A fast steering system is required to create feedback loop for measurements at a constant force or to increase position detection precision by trap stiffening. Using a real-time re-programmable digital signal processor, we combine steering and position detection to create a fast and versatile closed-loop feedback controlled instrument. We describe the construction and calibration of the instrument. We show that a proportional gain position-clamp algorithm can achieve about 10-fold increase in effective trap stiffness while higher gains lead to unwanted resonances.
Resistance to Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus (M-MuSV) Tumor Induction is Associated with Natural Antibody Production to «Endogenous» Moloney Leukemia Virus (M-MuLV) in Balb/Mo Mice (1981)

BALB/Mo mice are characterized by early expression of "endogenized" M-MuLV and are resistant to M-MuSV tumor induction. Furthermore, compared to normal BALB/c mice, sera from BALB/Mo mice exhibit a significant reactivity which is specific for M-MuLV when tested in a 125I-labelled Staphylococcus protein A binding assay. The possible significance of this reactivity in conferring tumor resistance is explored.
<i>In silico</i> identified CCR4 antagonists target regulatory T cells and exert adjuvant activity in vaccination (2008)

Adjuvants are substances that enhance immune responses and thus improve the efficacy of vaccination. Few adjuvants are available for use in humans, and the one that is most commonly used (alum) often induces suboptimal immunity for protection against many pathogens. There is thus an obvious need to develop new and improved adjuvants. We have therefore taken an approach to adjuvant discovery that uses in silico modeling and structure-based drug-design. As proof-of-principle we chose to target the interaction of the chemokines CCL22 and CCL17 with their receptor CCR4. CCR4 was posited as an adjuvant target based on its expression on CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs), which negatively regulate immune responses induced by dendritic cells (DC), whereas CCL17 and CCL22 are chemotactic agents produced by DC, which are crucial in promoting contact between DC and CCR4(+) T cells. Molecules identified by virtual screening and molecular docking as CCR4 antagonists were able to block CCL22- and CCL17-mediated recruitment of human Tregs and Th2 cells. Furthermore, CCR4 antagonists enhanced DC-mediated human CD4(+) T cell proliferation in an in vitro immune response model and amplified cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo in experimental models when injected in combination with either Modified Vaccinia Ankara expressing Ag85A from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MVA85A) or recombinant hepatitis B virus surface antigen (rHBsAg) vaccines. The significant adjuvant activity observed provides good evidence supporting our hypothesis that CCR4 is a viable target for rational adjuvant design.
Mesh and "crack lines": application to object-based motion estimation and higher scalability (2000)

This paper presents a method for video sequence coding, using motion estimation over a triangular object-based mesh. We introduce a novel "crack line" notion to deal with motion discontinuities and to improve representation scalability. The optimization of the nodal motion vectors is performed by means of a multi-resolution differential method, further improved by "backward in forward" tracking. To illustrate the proposed methods, results concerning the motion compensation of a mesh are reported.
Serial-parallel multipliers (2002)

Digital filters and other signal processing applications often involve a large number of multiplications. For many of these applications, the algorithm is sufficiently parallel that an implementation with many serial-parallel multipliers may be more efficient than implementation that uses a few parallel multipliers. This paper examines the design of several serial-parallel multipliers, compares and contrasts the different characteristics and improvements made on these multipliers. Comparison is also made between serial and parallel multipliers to give a rough estimate of the size versus speed trade off for using serial-parallel multipliers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correction - "Correlating Latent Heats and Entropies of Vaporization with Temperature" (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrection - "Correlating Latent Heats and Entropies of Vaporization with Temperature"D. F. Othmer and David. ZudkevitchCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1959, 51, 9, 1022Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online14 October 2005Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie51396a601https://doi.org/10.1021/ie51396a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Performance Prediction and Demonstration of a Centrifugal Compressor for the Multiple Purpose Small Power Unit (MPSPU) (1989)

This paper describes an analytical procedure for the prediction of the design point performance of a small centrifugal compressor. Results of a subsequent performance demonstration are presented. The geometry of the compressor was derived from an existing stage used in the PW200 engine, but rematched to 6:1 pressure ratio. Test data obtained from subsequent performance demonstration showed that the predicted performance had been achieved, but at 103% of design speed. A possible cause of this discrepancy is proposed.