gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion channels and receptor as targets for the control of parasitic nematodes (2011)

Many of the anthelmintic drugs in use today act on the nematode nervous system. Ion channel targets have some obvious advantages. They tend to act quickly, which means that they will clear many infections rapidly. They produce very obvious effects on the worms, typically paralyzing them, and these effects are suitable for use in rapid and high-throughput assays. Many of the ion channels and enzymes targeted can also be incorporated into such assays. The macrocyclic lactones bind to an allosteric site on glutamate-gated chloride channels, either directly activating the channel or enhancing the effect of the normal agonist, glutamate. Many old and new anthelmintics, including tribendimidine and the amino-acetonitrile derivatives, act as agonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors; derquantel is an antagonist at these receptors. Nematodes express many different types of nicotinic receptor and this diversity means that they are likely to remain important targets for the foreseeable future. Emodepside may have multiple effects, affecting both a potassium channel and a pre-synaptic G protein-coupled receptor; although few other current drugs act at such targets, this example indicates that they may be more important in the future. The nematode nervous system contains many other ion channels and receptors that have not so far been exploited in worm control but which should be explored in the development of effective new compounds.
Contractile Versus Microvascular Reserve for the Determination of the Extent of Myocardial Salvage After Reperfusion (1996)

Microvascular reserve is superior to contractile reserve for definition of the spatial topography of necrosis and hence the extent of viable myocardium within the infarct bed after reperfusion, particularly when a residual stenosis is present in the infarct-related artery.
PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA; AeTIOLOGY AND PROGNOSIS OF ONE HUNDRED CASES (1939)

The early papers on paroxysmal tachycardia gave its essential features with great accuracy, and the modern reader will enjoy their lucid descriptions. After the classic account by Cotton (1867) with pulse tracings by the great Burdon-Sanderson, many cases were reported, and Bristowe (1887) and Bouveret (1889) collected these and added more of their own. Bristowe's paper was " On recurrent palpitations of extreme rapidity in persons otherwise apparently healthy" and Bouveret first introduced the modern name in " De la Tachycardie essentielle paroxystique" ; he stressed that it did not produce organic heart disease, but thought it a serious malady, and as he recorded a fatal outcome in many of the longer attacks he may be responsible for the guarded prognosis often given in books. A few of these attacks were perhaps paroxysmal flutter, but with this exception the papers just quoted might still be read as accurate accounts of much of our clinical knowledge. Herringham (1897) emphasized that paroxysms often started in childhood and that the patient lived to a good age. Hoffmann (1900) wrote a book analysing 135 reported cases.
Studies towards 3,4-Dimethoxy-1-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridine, So-called Arecolidine, or Its Tautomers (1994)

Different synthetic paths towards the title compound (2) lead to intermediates (3, 11, 13, 14, 15, and 17). All of these, but especially 3 and 14 are very close to the target molecule or its tautomers. These, however, turn out to be too unstable for isolation. Thus, the structure of the compound described as arecolidine must be wrong
A Starchless Mutant of <i>Nicotiana sylvestris</i> Containing a Modified Plastid Phosphoglucomutase (1988)

A mutant (NS 458) of Nicotiana sylvestris (Spegazzini and Comes) unable to synthesize leaf starch was isolated in the M(2) generation following ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis by testing with iodine. Segregation ratios in reciprocal F(2) progenies showed that the starchless phenotype resulted from a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene. DEAE-agarose chromatography showed that the mutant is grossly deficient in plastid phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.1.5.1) activity. The structure of the enzyme is changed, as evidenced by increased Michaelis constants and by the prolonged activation period (>40 minutes) observed when the enzyme is assayed in triethanolamine buffer rather than imidazole buffer. The activity of the wild-type enzyme with saturating glucose 6-P alone was 7% of the activity when saturating glucose 1,6-P(2) was also present. The results suggest that glucose 1,6-P(2) is both an effector and a dissociable reaction intermediate. The growth rate of mutant and wild-type plants were not significantly different in continuous light and on an 8-hour dark, 16-hour light cycle and the mutants grew normally under greenhouse conditions. The mutant supports growth during diurnal periods of darkness by vacuolar storage of sugars instead of chloroplast storage of starch. The simplification in metabolism achieved by blocking the diversion of plastid fructose-6-P to starch facilitates the induction of oscillations in CO(2) fixation.
Structural Properties and Reduction Behavior of Novel Nanostructured Pd/Gadolinia-Doped Ceria Catalysts with Tubular Morphology (2011)

In this work, nanostructured 1 wt % Pd/Gd2O3−CeO2 (Pd/GDC) mixed oxide tubes with 90 mol % CeO2 were synthesized following a very simple, high yield procedure, and their properties were characterized by synchrotron radiation XRD, by X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), and by scanning and high resolution electron microscopy (SEM and HRTEM). In situ XANES experiments were carried out under reducing conditions to investigate the reduction behavior of these novel tubular materials. The nanostructured mixed oxide tubes were found to have a cubic crystal phase (Fm3m space group) and large specific surface area (∼83 m2 g−1). The tube walls were composed of nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of about 8 nm. The SEM and HRTEM results showed that individual tubes were composed of a curved sheet of these nanoparticles. Elemental analysis showed that Ce/Gd/Pd ratios appeared to be constant across space, suggesting compositional homogeneity in the samples. XANES results indicated that the extent of reduction of these materials was small. Nevertheless, the Ce3+ state was detected. These results suggest that Pd cations, most likely Pd2+, formed a Pd−Ce−Gd oxide solid solution and that the Pd2+ was stabilized against reduction in this phase. However, incorporation of the Pd (1 wt %) into the crystal lattice of the nanostructured tubes also appeared to destabilize Ce4+, favoring reduction to Ce3+ and giving rise to a significant increase in the reducibility of this material. Preliminary catalytic studies over Pd/GDC samples exhibited an improved catalytic activity toward CH4 oxidation compared to pure GDC (either nanotubes or nanopowders).
Breeding behavior and chromosome numbers among New Guinea and Java <i>Impatiens</i> species, cultivated varieties, and their interspecific hybrids (1974)

Impatiens crosses were made among the following: P.I. 349629 (Java), P.I. 349586 (New Guinea), I. Itolstii, and "Tangerine." All crosses were successful except those made with I. Itolstii. Chromosome counts were as follows: P.I. 349629 = 16, P.I. 349586 = 32, I. Itolstii = 16, and "Tangerine" = 8. Chromosome counts of the hybrids were midway between the respective parents. Cytological studies indicated a similarity in chromosome morphology and size among all parents except I. holslii. A new genome count of 4 is reported for the genus Impatiens indicating a ploidy series in which x = 4.
A Reversible and Selective Inhibitor of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Ameliorates Multiple Sclerosis (2014)

Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is the enzyme responsible for the inactivation of the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). MAGL inhibitors show analgesic and tissue-protecting effects in several disease models. However, the few efficient and selective MAGL inhibitors described to date block the enzyme irreversibly, and this can lead to pharmacological tolerance. Hence, additional classes of MAGL inhibitors are needed to validate this enzyme as a therapeutic target. Here we report a potent, selective, and reversible MAGL inhibitor (IC50=0.18 μM) which is active in vivo and ameliorates the clinical progression of a multiple sclerosis (MS) mouse model without inducing undesirable CB1 -mediated side effects. These results support the interest in MAGL as a target for the treatment of MS.
Chemical agent terrorism. (1996)

On March 20, 1995, terrorism changed. For the first time, terrorists used a chemical warfare agent against a civilian population. The nerve agent sarin (GB) was released in the Tokyo subway system causing over 5500 people to seek medical attention. Although terrorists had released sarin previously outside an apartment building in the city of Matsomoto in June 1994, this earlier use was felt to be directed at a few people living in the building and not an attack on the general population.
Data Security and Privacy Protection Issues in Cloud Computing (2012)

It is well-known that cloud computing has many potential advantages and many enterprise applications and data are migrating to public or hybrid cloud. But regarding some business-critical applications, the organizations, especially large enterprises, still wouldn't move them to cloud. The market size the cloud computing shared is still far behind the one expected. From the consumers' perspective, cloud computing security concerns, especially data security and privacy protection issues, remain the primary inhibitor for adoption of cloud computing services. This paper provides a concise but all-round analysis on data security and privacy protection issues associated with cloud computing across all stages of data life cycle. Then this paper discusses some current solutions. Finally, this paper describes future research work about data security and privacy protection issues in cloud.
Sexual Discrimination in Italian and Chinese (2016)

As an important communicative tool and a mirror of culture, language inevitably reflects social customs and conventions. Sexual discrimination is a phenomenon that typified most patriarchal societies. This discrimination, as it is reflected in the Italian and Chinese language use, can be found in markedness, word order, semantics, appellation, occupation, etc..
Wnt signalling: conquering complexity (2018)

The history of the Wnt pathway is an adventure that takes us from mice and flies to frogs, zebrafish and beyond, sketching the outlines of a molecular signalling cascade along the way. Here, we specifically highlight the instrumental role that developmental biology has played throughout. We take the reader on a journey, starting with developmental genetics studies that identified some of the main molecular players, through developmental model organisms that helped unravel their biochemical function and cell biological activities. Culminating in complex analyses of stem cell fate and dynamic tissue growth, these efforts beautifully illustrate how different disciplines provided missing pieces of a puzzle. Together, they have shaped our mechanistic understanding of the Wnt pathway as a conserved signalling process in development and disease. Today, researchers are still uncovering additional roles for Wnts and other members of this multifaceted signal transduction pathway, opening up promising new avenues for clinical applications.
Statement : 근감소성 비만 (2013)

Obesity is a major public health problem. The population is growing older, and the prevalence of obesity in the elderly is rising. In normal aging, changes in the body composition occur that result in a shift toward decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass. This age-related progressive loss of muscle mass and strength is called sarcopenia. Sarcopenic obesity, which describes the process of muscle loss combined with increased body fat as people age, is associated with loss of strength and function, reduced quality of life, and even mortality. The pathogenesis of sarcopenic obesity is complex and involves multiple interactions between lifestyle, endocrine, and immunological factors. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that sarcopenic obesity is related to accelerated functional decline and high risk of diseases and mortality and, therefore, the identification of affected older patients should be an essential goal of clinicians. This paper addresses the definition and epidemiology of sarcopenic obesity and its underlying pathophysiology. In addition, this article describes the clinical significance and management strategies of sarcopenic obesity. (J Korean Diabetes 2013;14:166-173)
A Pilot Study of Iontophoretic Cisplatin Chemotherapy of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Skin (1993)

<h3>REPORT OF A CASE</h3> A 91-year-old man presented with a 2.9X2.0-cm nodular basal cell carcinoma (BCC) on the right cheek (Figure, top). This lesion was not previously treated because the patient had refused surgery or radiation therapy. The patient was in poor health due to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, with a history of myocardial infarction in 1982 and congestive heart failure. Other medical problems included a large hiatal hernia. Despite his refusal of other forms of treatment, the patient consented to iontophoresis with cisplatin, since his BCC had become painful and he desired pain relief. <h3>THERAPEUTIC CHALLENGE</h3> Palliative or potentially curative treatment of skin cancers in patients burdened with other chronic illnesses needs to be effective within tolerable limits of discomfort for the patient. Providing such outpatient care while minimizing the disruption in a patient's life is a challenge. <h3>SOLUTION</h3> Iontophoresis with suitable antineoplastic agents is a potentially attractive method of
Automatic Segmentation of Brain CT scan Image to Identify Hemorrhages (2012)

Segmentation is required as a preliminary step in the analysis of medical images for computer aided diagnosis. For detecting tumors, edema, hemorrhage or any other abnormality given the complex structure of the brain, precise segmentation is crucial. CT scan is preferred method in traumatic brain injuries due to better contrast on bone, low cost and wide availability. This paper proposes fully automatic segmentation of brain CT images to identify hemorrhages. The method is comprised of three stages, preprocessing performed on the brain CT images, histogram based centroids initialization and finally the K-means clustering algorithm applied on the resultant image to segment the image in different clusters based on the intensity values of pixels. The method precisely segments the input image in exact clusters and analyzing those clusters hemorrhage can be identified.
Procedures for large-scale production and purification of Clostridium botulinum C1 toxin for preparation of toxoid (1985)

Fortified cooked meat medium containing calcium carbonate (CaCO3-FCM) supported toxin production of a strain of Clostridium botulinum type C to a level of 2 × 106 mouse i.p. LD50/ml. C1 toxin was purified by sequential steps of acid precipitation from 5-fold diluted culture supernatant in the presence of RNA, 2nd acid precipitation by dialysis, removal of RNA by protamine treatment, removal of excess protamine and bufferisation by ultrafiltration through Amicon PM-30 membrane, sulphopropyl-Sephadex chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. By these procedures, 25 mg or more of highly purified C1 toxin was constantly obtained from a lot of 600-ml culture.
Walker‐256 tumor growth causes oxidative stress in rat brain (2001)

The elevated rate of oxygen consumption and high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids make the central nervous system vulnerable to oxidative stress. The effect of Walker-256 tumor growth on oxi-reduction indexes in the hypothalamus (HT), cortex (CT), hippocampus (HC) and cerebellum (CB) of male Wistar rats was investigated. The presence of the tumor caused an increase in thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARs) in the HT, CB and HC. Due to tumor growth, the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase increased in the HT and CB, whereas citrate synthase activity was reduced in the HT, CT and CB. Therefore, the potential for generation of reducing power is increased in the cytosol and decreased in the mitochondria of various brain regions of Walker-256 tumor-bearing rats. These changes occurred concomitantly with an unbalance in the brain enzymatic antioxidant system. The tumor decreased the activities of catalase in the HT and CB and of glutathione peroxidase in the HT, CB and HC, and raised the CuZn-superoxide dismutase activity in the HT, CB and HC. These combined findings indicate that Walker-256 tumor growth causes oxidative stress in the brain.
Serotonergic Type-2 (5-HT2) Antagonists (1991)

Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is widely distributed in the body and subserves many functions. Tissue specificity of action is aided by differential receptor structure and function; the type 2 (5-HT2) receptor mediates arterial constriction and platelet aggregation. Very little serotonin is free in plasma, most being platelet-bound; however, local platelet activation and consequent serotonin release can present free serotonin to peripheral tissues. Serotonin, acting via the 5-HT2 receptor, can contribute to a range of cardiovascular problems, including portal hypertension, Raynaud's phenomenon, carcinoid flushes, preeclampsia, hypertension, arterial atheroma, and restenosis after angioplasty or thrombolysis. 5-HT2 antagonists have a potential therapeutic role in all these conditions. The diversity of such syndromes requires that the term "vascular protection" should not be applied loosely, but must always be precisely defined. Future 5-HT2 antagonists will probably be of two kinds: (a) with weak accompanying alpha 1 antagonism where blood pressure reduction is needed; and (b) as "pure" 5-HT2 antagonists, for use where arterial pressure falls are best avoided.
The required role of the psychiatric‐ mental health nurse in primary health‐ care: an augmented Delphi study (2000)

An augmented Delphi study was employed to elicit the perceptions of CPNs, GPs, social workers, managers of psychiatric nursing services and health service purchasers in England, on the role required of a psychiatric (mental health) nurse in primary health care. In the final stage of the study, users of mental health service were enlisted in a verification study of the emergent findings. A broad consensus emerged that a gap existed in mental health services in primary care. This was perceived as placing a large burden on GPs, which might be reduced by the appropriate development of community psychiatric-mental health nursing. The study suggested the possibilities for development of a 'mental health nurse consultant' role, which might augment the current CPN role, within which the nurse might offer not only direct patient care, but also support to members of the primary care team.
Stress Fractures of the Femoral Shaft in Athletes—More Common Than Expected (1994)

Athletes from 20 Division I AA collegiate varsity sports and 1 club sport were followed carefully for the development of stress fractures during the 1990 to 1991 and the 1991 to 1992 academic years. During this period, among 914 athletes, 34 stress fractures were sustained. Seven of these, or 20.6%, were of the femoral shaft. This represents a much higher incidence than previously observed in athletes. A new clinical test is described that significantly aids in the early diagnosis and follow-up treatment of femoral shaft stress fractures.
Energy Approach to the General Aircraft Performance Problem (1954)

The general aircraft performance problem is considered from the point of view of the balance that must exist between the potential and kinetic energy change of the aircraft, the energy dissipated against the drag, and the energy derived from the fuel. This approach yields as one result a basic equation for the rate of change of the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of an aircraft. The form of the equation points to the use of aircraft total energy rather than altitude as the significant independent variable in the climb performance of high-speed aircraft. Using this equation, a method is outlined which permits finding either the path of minimum time or minimum fuel to change from one combination of speed and altitude to another. The energy balance approach yields as another result a form of the aircraft range equation which incorporates a correction for the total energy change during the cruising portion of the flight. This form of the range equation shows that the dimension and the order of magnitude of aircraft range are given by the heat content of the fuel. Finally, the parameters of the range equation are examined to obtain an indication of the range capabilities of aircraft at supersonic speeds relative to those at subsonic speeds.
A discriminatory function for prediction of protein–DNA interactions based on alpha shape modeling (2010)

kenandzhou@hotmail.com.
Total Neutron Cross Section of Lanthanum (1967)

The total neutron cross section of lanthanum has been measured from 0.1 to 1000 eV with the Argonne fast chopper. In order to explain its variation over the entire range, it is necessary to assume contributions by bound states together with contributions by the measured resonances at positive energies. The data could be fitted by assuming a bound level whose resonance parameters are the resonance energy ${E}_{0}=\ensuremath{-}37.5$ eV, the reduced neutron width $\ensuremath{\Gamma}_{n}^{}{}_{}{}^{0}=0.115$ eV, and the radiation width ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}=0.0565$ eV. The parameters for the resonances at 0.734, 2.994, 20.5, 72.3, 618, and 1182 eV have been measured. The state of ${\mathrm{La}}^{139}$+neutron at the neutron energy of 72.3 eV has been identified to be ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={3}^{+}$ on the basis of the observed $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray spectrum. The potential-scattering radius is measured to be 5.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 F. Resonance at energies up to about 11 keV have been detected. On the basis of the measured positive-energy resonances and the negative-energy bound level, the thermal capture cross section has been calculated to be 9.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7 b. The resonance-capture integral is 12.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.0 b. The $s$-wave neutron strength function ${S}_{0}$ for ${\mathrm{La}}^{139}$ is ($0.7_{\ensuremath{-}0.3}^{}{}_{}{}^{+1.0}$)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$.
Activity and distribution of enzymes that interconvert purine bases, ribosides and ribotides in the tomato plant and possible implications for cytokinin metabolism (1987)

The activity of the enzymes 5′‐nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5), adenosine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.7), adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (EC 2.4.2.7) and acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) was determined in sections of tomato plant ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Bellina). The distribution of the enzymes changed markedly during development and a role for these enzymes in cytokinin metabolism is suggested.
Fatty Acid Compositions of Linseed (<i>Linum Usitatissimum</i>L.) Genotypes of Different Origin Cultivated in Turkey (2010)

The study assessed the levels of variation in oil content and fatty acid composition among the linseed cultivars, lines and populations of different origins grown in Turkey. The oil content ranged from 23.28 to 40.36% in the experimental materials. Three saturated (C16:0, C18:0 and C20:0) and four unsaturated (C18:1, C18:2, C18:3 and C20:1) fatty acids, identified by GC represented 10.02% and 89.91% of the total oil, respectively. The C18:3 acid content ranged 48.08% to 57.58%. The contents of the C18:1, C18:2, C16:0, and C18:0, acids were 15.81 to 27.99, 11.18 to 16.13, 4.07 to 7.02 and 3.21 to 6.70%, respectively. The C20:0 and C20:1, acids were minor fatty acids in these materials and ranged 0.11 to 0.24 and 0.10 to 0.24%, respectively.