gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equivalence checking of integer multipliers (2001)

In this paper, we address on equivalence checking of integer multipliers, especially for the multipliers without structure similarity. Our approach is based on Hamaguchi's backward substitution method with the following improvements: (1) automatic identification of components to form proper cut points and thus dramatically improve the backward substitution process; (2) a layered-backward substitution algorithm to reduce the number of substitutions; and (3) Multiplicative Power Hybrid Decision Diagrams (*PHDDs) as our word-level representation rather than *BMD in Hamaguchi's approach. Experimental results show that our approach can efficiently check the equivalence of two integer multipliers. To verify the equivalence of a 32/spl times/32 array multiplier versus a 32/spl times/32 Wallace tree multiplier, our approach takes about 57 CPU seconds using 11 Mbytes, while Stanion's approach took 21027 seconds using 130 MBytes. We also show that the complexity of our approach is upper bounded by O(n/sup 4/), where n is the word size, but our experimental results show that the complexity of our approach grows cubically O(n/sup 3/).
Catalytic Oxidation of the Side Chain of Alkylaromatics Using a Triphasic System (2000)

Abstract The triphasic system formed on mixing aqueous hypochlorite, bromide, a hydrocarbon and a phase transfer catalyst can be a remarkably powerful catalytic system for the side-chain-oxidation of alkylaromatics
USE OF VORTEX TUBE FOR COOLING WEARERS OF INDUSTRIAL PROTECTIVE CLOTHING (1963)

A Ranque-Hilsch vortex tube worn as a portable refrigerator can satisfactorily cool compressed air for personnel wearing industrial protective clothing. The vortex tube described was modified to meet Savannah River Plant specifications; it is light and small, and can be strapped to the body where it does not interfere with physical movements. The tube operates on 20 to 25 cfm of compressed air at 80 to 100 psig and delivers from 15 to 18 cfm of air cooled 50 to 80 deg F below the inlet air temperature. (auth)
VIREO at TRECVID 2010: Semantic Indexing, Known-Item Search, and Content-Based Copy Detection (2010)

This paper presents our approaches and the comparative analysis of our results for the three TRECVID 2010 tasks that we participated in: semantic indexing, known-item search and content-based copy detection. Semantic Indexing (SIN): Our main focus for the SIN task is on the study of the following two issues: 1) the effectiveness of concept detectors for indexing web video dataset, and 2) how to leverage the ontology relationships to reinforce concept detection. Our baseline detectors are similar to those of our TRECVID 2009 system, where both local and global features are employed to train the SVM model for each concept. Based upon the baseline detectors, we propose two approaches to refine the detection scores. The first integrates the ontology information into the random walk framework. The second seeks the agreement among the set of ranked lists generated by semantically related concepts. Our four submitted runs are summarized below:- F A VIREO.randomwalk 1: perform a random walk over the baseline result using local feature alone. Flickr distance and ontology relationship are used to build the context.- F A VIREO.agreement 2: re-rankthevideosbyseekingtheagreement amongsemantically related concepts on the relevant videos.- F A VIREO.baseline vk 3: local feature alone- multiple detectors.- F A VIREO.baseline vk cm 4: average fusion of local feature and global feature.
Optimal Strategies for Reviewing Search Results (2010)

Web search engines respond to a query by returning more results than can be reasonably reviewed. These results typically include the title, link, and snippet of content from the target link. Each result has the potential to be useful or useless and thus reviewing it has a cost and potential benefit. This paper studies the behavior of a rational agent in this setting, whose objective is to maximize the probability of finding a satisfying result while minimizing cost. We propose two similar agents with different capabilities: one that only compares result snippets relatively and one that predicts from the result snippet whether the result will be satisfying. We prove that the optimal strategy for both agents is a stopping rule: the agent reviews a fixed number of results until the marginal cost is greater than the marginal expected benefit, maximizing the overall expected utility. Finally, we discuss the relationship between rational agents and search users and how our findings help us understand reviewing behaviors.
Double-layer inorganic antireflective system for KrF lithography (2000)

A novel bottom antireflective method is described to resolve the problems in conventional antireflective methods such as insufficient antireflection and dependence on substrate materials and structures. The proposed antireflective method is composed of two layers. A high photoabsorption layer at the bottom absorbs most of the light reflected from the substrate and an interference layer at the top suppresses the surface reflection from the bottom layer. This new method can achieve extremely low substrate reflectivity (&lt;0.5%) for all substrates, and it provides a larger process window on film thickness than conventional methods. Silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy:Hz) film was chosen as the bottom antireflective coating material. A new plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition scheme with SiH4, N2, N2O, and He as reactant gases was used to fabricate the SiOxNy:Hz films in order to obtain a wide variation of film optical properties. The compositional characteristics of the films were investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The complex indices of refraction (n-ik) and thicknesses of the films were measured by variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. The film structure was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Comparing this method with the conventional one using SiH4 and N2O as reactant gases, it provided a much wider range of film compositions that could easily meet the different requirements in many different process applications. In order to produce high-quality silicon oxynitride films and to enhance the extent of reaction between SiH4 and N2, the effects of substrate temperature, plasma power, and reactor chamber pressure were studied to find the optimum deposition conditions. Moreover, correlations of the n and k values with the SiOxNy:Hz stoichiometry were obtained. While the n values could be correlated with a linear relation to the atomic concentration ratio of [O]/([O]+[N]), the k values were determined exclusively by the silicon contents in the films.
A Remote Fibre-Optic Microdosimetry Reader (1983)

A microdosemeter probe has been developed which permits remote in vivo and, if desired, in situ measurement. It is primarily intended for application in radiotherapy. Its basic features are a microdosemeter placed in the tip of a hypodermic needle. It is heated by a short (<500 ms) pulse from a 6 watt CO2 laser. The heating pulse is coupled into an approximately 1 m long flexible KRS-5 fibre of 0.5 mm diameter. This coupler is attached to the output port of the laser. The fibre penetrates the centre of a 45 o mirror of 25 mm focal length inside a hand held device and enters a thin walled quartz tube inserted in a hypodermic needle. Both the quartz tube and the fibre terminate in the tip of the needle about 2 mm in front of a small amount of thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) material. The thermoluminescence, emitted from the microdosemeter in the tip of the needle, is guided by the quartz tube to the mirror and deflected towards a miniature phototube for registration. The signal is digitised and processed with a transient digitiser and a microcomputer. Preliminary performance data are reported.
A lagrangian optimized rate control algorithm for the H.264/AVC encoder (2005)

The H.264/AVC video coding standard has been recently presented by the Joint Video Team of ITU-T and MPEG experts. The AVC encoder achieves video bitstreams at the same quality as the previous standard coders, while requiring typically 50% of the bit rate. This paper proposes a Lagrangian optimized rate control algorithm for the H.264/AVC video encoder. It controls the bit rate by adjusting the Lagrangian multiplier for every picture and specifying the quantizer parameter for every macroblock. In the proposed method, the accuracy of desired bit rate is tunable by allocating more searching time to the encoder. Experimental results show that the proposed method gives a quality improvement of about 0.5 dB when compared to the rate control method utilized in the JM7.4 test model, with an acceptable encoder complexity.
RBE-LET relationships for cell inactivation and mutation induced by low energy protons in V79 cells: further results at the LNL facility (1998)

The proton RBE-LET relationship for cell inactivation is shifted to lower LET values compared with that for heavier ions. For mutation induction, protons of LET equal to 7.7keV/microm gave an RBE value comparable with that obtained by helium ions of about 20 keV/microm. Mutagenicity and lethality caused by protons at low doses in the LET range 7.7-31 keV/microm were proportional, while the data at 37.8 keV/microm suggest that this may not hold at higher LET values.
LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES (2010)

It's an interesting time for genome scientists. With next generation technologies outpacing Moore's Law and prices plummeting, human genomes-once multimillion-dollar propositions-today cost tens of thousands of dollars, about the same as a car. Yet multiply those prices by the sample numbers required to triangulate disease genes-not to mention the burden of collecting, storing, and analyzing the resulting data-and expect genomic sticker shock. There is an alternative. Supported by some $76.5 million in federal spending since 2008, plus a clutch of commercial products, exome sequencing proved its mettle in 2009 with a trio of papers highlighting its clinical possibilities. No wonder Science named exome studies one of five "areas to watch" in its December "Breakthrough of the Year" issue.
Technique for Connecting Electrical Leads to Semiconductors (1957)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation O. L. Anderson, H. Christensen, P. Andreatch; Technique for Connecting Electrical Leads to Semiconductors. Journal of Applied Physics 1 August 1957; 28 (8): 923. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1722893 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Safety of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (2013)

Introduction: The substance P (SP)/neurokinin (NK)-1 receptor system is involved in many pathological processes. NK-1 receptor antagonists have many promising therapeutic indications. However, the only NK-1 receptor antagonist used in clinical practice is the drug aprepitant and its intravenously administered prodrug, fosaprepitant. In general, NK-1 receptor antagonists are safe and well tolerated. Areas covered: A search was carried out in Medline using the following terms: adverse events, aprepitant, casopitant, clinical trials, CP-122,721, ezlopitant, fosaprepitant, NK-1 receptor antagonists, randomized, safety, side effects, tolerability and vofopitant. Expert opinion: Most clinical trials have focused on the antiemetic action of aprepitant in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. However, the efficacy and safety of aprepitant have not been fully tested in other diseases in which the SP/NK-1 receptor system is involved (e.g., cancer, HIV, alcoholism); thus, clinical trials are required. The use of NK-1 receptor antagonists in oncology therapy is quite promising, but to date pharmacological therapy has not exploited the many possible therapies offered by such antagonists.
Development of 3D culture systems for nucleus pulposus cells (2016)

Degenerative disc disease (DDD) is a common cause of low back pain and accounts for medical costs of over USD 100 billion in the United States every year. Current treatments can only relieve symptoms while some even cause drawbacks such as accelerating the degeneration. Better therapeutic strategies that can restore the IVD to a healthy state are needed. The disease is closely correlated with cellular and biochemical changes in the nucleus pulposus (NP) in the intervertebral disc (IVD). For better understanding of the etiology of the disease, an in vitro culture system for NP cells (NPCs) is required as a model platform. However, the native phenotype of NPCs cannot be maintained in conventional monolayer culture due to dedifferentiation. Also, monolayer culture lacks a rich extracellular matrix (ECM), may be important in the development of the disease.\n\nIn this study, the expression of bovine NPC (bNPC) markers in the native NP tissue was examined at protein level. This study investigated the survival and phenotype of bNPCs in collagen-based three-dimensional (3D) culture systems incorporated with additional ECM components including laminin and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).\n\nIn the native bovine NP tissue, the expression of COL2, KRT8, SNAP25 and SOSTDC1 was confirmed at protein level. As demonstrated by the increase in gene expression of chondrogenic markers, GAG production and COL2 deposition, collagen microspheres can partially maintain the phenotype of bNPCs, indicating that it is a good template for developing 3D culture systems for bNPCs. Also, as demonstrated by the increase in protein expression of cellular markers upon incorporation of unconjugated laminin, incorporation of more ECM components as free forms by physical mixing with collagen may further enhance the phenotype of bNPCs. Furthermore, preliminary data from a pilot study showed the topological features presented by the matrix to the cell as a potentially important factor in controlling the bNPC phenotype.\n\nTo conclude, this work suggested collagen microspheres as a good template for developing 3D culture systems for bNPCs. Further optimizations include incorporation of more ECM components may enhance the phenotype of bNPCs, as demonstrated by the laminin experiment in this study. The topological features presented by the matrix would be another direction for optimizations. The resulted optimal 3D culture system would bring potential benefits to research related to the etiology of DDD and development of new therapies for DDD.
Cell kinetics in flat (avillous) mucosa of the human small intestine (1973)

A new method for the analysis of small-intestinal crypt-cell kinetics using routine peroral diagnostic biopsies is described. Untreated patients with childhood and adult coeliac disease and adults with the gluten-sensitive enteropathy of dermatitis herpetiformis were studied, together with groups of adult and childhood controls. In the classical flat avillous mucosae the increase in crypt size was found to be three-dimensional. The number of proliferating cells per crypt was shown to be markedly increased, and an even greater rise in the crypt-cell production rate was demonstrated. A significant increase in the mitotic index was also confirmed in the avillous mucosae. On the basis of these findings it is suggested that the characteristic crypt morphology in glutensensitive enteropathy can be explained as an adjustment to accommodate the expanded mass of proliferating and maturing cells necessary to support the augmented cell production rate. We may speculate that this in turn is a response to a pathologically rapid loss of cells from the mucosal surface.
Historical Perspectives on Fair Housing, 29 J. Marshall L. Rev. 315 (1996) (1996)

James Chaney was born there and had already sacrificed a year of his young life to participate in what we called the Freedom Movement.In mid-March of this year, the 30th Anniversary of the 1965 March from Selma to Montgomery was held.That march produced the 1965 Voting Rights Act.That anniversary has produced its martyrs as well.These martyrs include Jimmie Lee Jackson who was killed by an Alabama State Trooper; James Reeb, who was clubbed to death by hostile whites in Selma's streets; Mrs. Viola Liuzzo, a Detroit housewife who, while participating in the movement, was slain by the Ku Klux Klan.At first glance, these ordinary people appear to have nothing in common.A young man from Minnesota in France in 1944, two young men from New York and one from Mississippi in 1964, an Alabama Black man, a New England white man, a Detroit homemaker; five whites, two Blacks; three dead in a Mississippi grave, three killed in Alabama, one still living; some Jews and some Christians, some men and one woman, some from the North and others from the South.But all shared the common elements of bravery and optimism which seem to characterize the best aspects of the American spirit.In the end, all gave their lives for freedom.They fought against a powerful ideology of racial superiority at home and abroad.They fought it with a more powerful belief that all people are equal and entitled to life, liberty and happiness' pursuit.They shared a common belief that "right" would and could conquer "might" and in France, Alabama and Mississippi they succeeded.That belief seems to represent the best in all of US.You may not think of yourselves as potential heroes and heroines in the mold of those who gave their lives for a cause.But like them, you have the power to materially affect the lives and welfare of vast numbers of people living in distressed communities.Utilizing this power will improve the quality of life for us all.There was a time in my life, and perhaps in yours as well, when the nation spoke of a War on Poverty.Now, an ideology exists that celebrates the culture of poverty.These ideologies are the notion that people who are poor seek out and enjoy their impoverished condition, that the poor live in squalor by choice, that their neighborhoods waste away because the residents are less than worthy human beings and that government efforts to assist the poor are less legitimate than the aid routinely given to others.Apparently, these ideologies have replaced the ideology of the War on Poverty.Yet, something greater than personal choice shapes human destiny.A more powerful force makes some sections of our nation vibrant and productive and others wastelands.We need only look at one lending issuehousingto put the lie to the culture-of-[Vol.
Production of short-chain fatty acids from resistant starch in a pig model (1998)

This study was performed to estimate the pool of SCFA produced in the digestive tract of growing pigs after the consumption of diets containing dif-ferent sources of resistant starch (RS) (15 g per meal) (potato starch (PoS), high amylose maize starch (HS) and retrograded extruded HS (RHS)). SCFA production in vitro was respectively 19, 23 and 21 mmol g−1 of fermented PoS, HS and RHS. The highest butyric acid production was observed with PoS. Fifty six, 36 and 19% respectively of ingested PoS, HS and RHS escaped digestion in the small intestine, whereas residual starch was completely fermented in the large bowel. Luminal total SCFA in the caeco-colon 7 h after the experimental meal were respectively 33, 78 and 105 mmol for PoS, HS and RHS, with PoS providing the highest production of butyric acid. Theoretical in vivo SCFA production, calculated on the basis of results for in vitro fermentation and ileal digestibility, differed from in vivo results for PoS (+65%) and HS (-13%), but not for RHS. This study reveals different rates of disappearance of RS both in vitro and in vivo. © 1998 SCI.
Discovering New Co-Crystals (2009)

A new and systematic method for co-crystal screening has been developed, based on improvements in the understanding of the thermodynamic factors that influence co-crystal formation. This method works from the premise that pure component solubilities determine the concentration regions to screen for new co-crystals, rather than the stoichiometry of the co-crystal. An extended phase diagram screen gives the composition ranges in which the co-crystal is the stable crystalline form. The method is based on the measurement of saturation temperatures which are experimentally easily accessible using standard laboratory equipment. The method has been validated using both carbamazepine and cinnamic acid with a number of co-formers in ethanol solvent. New co-crystals of carbamazepine with isonicotinamide, benzamide and 3-nitrobenzamide, and of cinnamic acid with 3-nitrobenzamide have been discovered.
Ghrelin in Female and Male Reproduction (2010)

Ghrelin and one of its functional receptors, GHS-R1a (Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1a), were firstly studied about 15 years. Ghrelin is a multifunctional peptide hormone that affects several biological functions including food intake, glucose release, cell proliferation... Ghrelin and GHS-R1a are expressed in key cells of both male and female reproductive organs in several species including fishes, birds, and mammals suggesting a well-conserved signal through the evolution and a role in the control of fertility. Ghrelin could be a component of the complex series of nutrient sensors such as adipokines, and nuclear receptors, which regulate reproduction in function of the energy stores. The objective of this paper was to report the available information about the ghrelin system and its role at the level of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in both sexes.
Functional analysis of the Escherichia coli zinc transporter ZitB (2002)

The membrane transporter ZitB responsible for Zn(II) efflux in Escherichia coli was studied by site-directed mutagenesis to elucidate the function of individual amino acid residues. Substitutions of several charged or polar residues, H53, H159, D163 and D186, located in predicted transmembrane domains resulted in loss of ZitB function. In contrast, neither the amino-terminal nor the carboxy-terminal regions, both histidine-rich, were required for function.
Naturally occurring polyphenolic antioxidants modulate IgE‐mediated mast cell activation (2000)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known to modulate activities of a host of kinases, phosphatases and transcription factors. Rutin and chlorogenic acid (CGA) are the major polyphenolic antioxidants present in the small molecular fraction of smokeless tobacco leaf extracts, as ascertained by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Levels of intracellular ROS in resting versus antigen-immunoglobulin E (IgE)-challenged murine mast cells were measured at 510 nm by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using carboxy-dichlorofluorescein (DCFH-DA). Enhanced ROS production was observed in IgE-sensitized mast cells following antigenic challenge. Rutin and CGA reduced ROS levels in antigen-IgE-activated mast cells. Concomitantly, they also profoundly inhibited histamine release by these activated mast cells. In contrast, rutin and CGA augmented the inducible cytokine messages, i.e. interleukin (IL)-10, IL-13, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), IL-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in IgE-sensitized mast cells following antigen challenge. This study indicates that tobacco polyphenolic antioxidants that quench intracellular ROS, differentially affect two effector functions of antigen-IgE-activated mast cells. This model system may be employed to determine the molecular target of polyphenols. The potential role of these polyphenolic antioxidants on IgE-mediated allergy in vivo depends on a balance of their differential effects on mast cell activation.