gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial and temporal expression of fibronecttns and integrins during<i>Xenopus</i>development (1992)

A central challenge in biology is to understand the cellular processes that direct morphogenesis and the formation of the basic body plan during development. These events are controlled to large extent, by adhesive interactions of cells with one another and with their extracellular environments. Specifically, we are investigating the structure, function and expression of two groups of molecules thought to play important roles in promoting cell adhesion and migration in the embryo: fibronectins (FNs), which are large extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins with many adhesion related functions; and integrins, which are the cellular transmembrane-receptors for FNs and several other components of the ECM.
1H-NMR Studies on Nucleotide Binding to the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (2005)

The glycosidic bond torsion angles and the conformations of the ribose of Mg2+ ATP, Mg2+ ADP and Mg2+ AdoPP[NH]P (magnesium adenosine 5′-[β,γ-imido]triphosphate) bound to Ca2+ ATPase, both native and modified with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), in intact sarcoplasmic reticulum have been determined by the measurement of proton-proton transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancements by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. This method shows clearly the existence of a low-affinity ATP binding site after modification of the high-affinity site with FITC. For all three nucleotides bound to both the high-affinity (catalytic) site and the low-affinity site, we find that the conformation about the glycosidic bond is anti, the conformation of the ribose 3′-endo of the N type and the conformation about the ribose C4′-C5′ bond either gauche-trans or trans-gauche. The values for the glycosidic bond torsion angles χ (O4′-C1′-N9-C4) for Mg2+ ATP, Mg2+ ADP and Mg2+ AdoPP[NH]P bound to the low-affinity site of FITC-modified Ca2+ATPase are ∼ 270°, ∼ 260° and ∼ 240° respectively. In the case of the nucleotides bound to the high-affinity (catalytic) site of native Ca2+ATPase, χ lies in the range 240–280°.
Self-assembled Dendrimer-bound Pd(II) Complexes via Acid-base Interactions and their Catalysis for Allylic Amination (2003)

Abstract The Pd complexes were noncovalently attached on the periphery of poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers based on acid-base interactions. The dendritic Pd complexes were found to possess catalytic activities for allylic amination, and to be able to mimick the catalytic activity of the analogous monomeric Pd complex catalyst.
Electrical and optical characteristics of Mg implanted semi-insulating InP (2002)

A study of medium dose Mg implants to achieve shallow p/sup +/ surface layers in Fe doped SI InP is presented. The influence of several parameters, such as the temperature of implants and P co-implant conditions, as well as the post-implant anneals are discussed. It is shown that the out-diffusion of implanted Ma that occurs during rapid thermal annealing (RTA) can be controlled by either InP proximity cap anneals or P co-implants. The undesirable deep in-diffusion can be reduced by performing Mg implants at 200 degrees C or by realizing P co-implants behind the Mg profile. The limitation of Mg solubility in InP is demonstrated to be the principal cause of its low electrical activation. Using the optimized implant and anneal conditions, a maximum of real Mg activation with a high degree of crystal perfection and abrupt shallow p/sup +/ layers in SI InP was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Home sampling versus conventional contact tracing for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis infection in male partners of infected women: randomised study (1998)

Urogenital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis are widespread and usually asymptomatic. Major complications from infection include ectopic pregnancies and female infertility.1 Although contact tracing reduces the prevalence of chlamydia infection,2 the test rate among partners is often low, partly because male contacts have to have a urethral swab taken by a doctor.

As the polymerase chain reaction can successfully detect infection in urine samples,3 we investigated whether the test rate could be increased by asking the male contacts of infected women to send a urine sample directly from home to a laboratory instead of having a doctor take a urethral swab.

Ninety six women with C trachomati s infection seen in general practices in Aarhus County, Denmark, were randomly divided according to their date of birth into an intervention group (45 patients) and a …
PTSD and problem drinking in relation to seeking mental health and substance use treatment among sexual assault survivors. (2017)

This study seeks to understand the effects of the co-occurrence of PTSD and problem drinking on formal help-seeking among sexual assault survivors over time. Data comes from a diverse sample of 1,863 women in a large Midwestern city who participated in a three-year study on women's experiences with sexual assault. Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to estimate the parameters of generalized linear models to assess the effects of PTSD and problem drinking on survivor mental health help-seeking and substance use treatment-seeking over time. In our models, having more PTSD, more education, and receiving a reaction of tangible support increased the odds of survivors seeking mental health treatment, which replicates past findings. This is the first study of women sexual assault survivors to find a unique effect of both PTSD and problem drinking on substance use treatment- seeking. The findings suggest survivors with co-occurring PTSD and problem drinking are less likely to seek substance use treatment over time. Future directions are discussed for research on survivors with co-occurring symptoms.
Detection of fluorescein in the presence of background fluorescence (1982)

R. M. Brown and C. S. Creaser, Analyst, 1982, 107, 338 DOI: 10.1039/AN9820700338
A One‐Step Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones from 3‐Ethoxy α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones. (2005)

Addition of diverse nucleophiles to the unsaturated lactone <b>2</b> that results from hetero Diels−Alder reaction of Brassard's diene <b>1</b> with aldehydes\nleads to an efficient and general approach to the synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-4<i>H</i>-pyran-4-ones <b>3</b>.
THE ROLE OF EICOSANOIDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DELAYED BRAIN DAMAGE (1990)

Article THE ROLE OF EICOSANOIDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DELAYED BRAIN DAMAGE was published on January 1, 1990 in the journal Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology (volume 1, issue 1-4).
Overexpression of Alveolar Macrophage Gelatinase B (MMP-9) in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Effects of Steroid and Immunosuppressive Treatment (1999)

Alveolar macrophages (AM) express gelatinase B, a member of the matrix metalloproteinase family involved in the degradation and remodeling of extracellular matrix components. We evaluated the expression of gelatinase B in the course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) by studying alveolar macrophages in culture AM and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from 12 untreated patients with IPF, 11 patients with IPF under treatment with steroid and immunosuppressive agents, and 10 control subjects. By using zymography and quantitative image analysis, latent gelatinase B, as well an 88-kD active form, were investigated in culture medium (24 h) of AMs and were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.01) in untreated patients exhibiting severe IPF when compared with control subjects (4.1 +/- 1.7 versus 0.3 +/- 0.2 10(5) arbitrary units [AU]/10(4) AM for the 92-kD form). Concomitant studies of gelatinase B levels associated with cultured AM extracts or freshly harvested AM showed similar results, both at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. Immunocytochemical studies on freshly harvested AM demonstrated that the enzyme was located mainly at the cell, suggesting some involvement of gelatinase B in AM migration. In contrast, gelatinase B activity secreted by AM tended to be normal in patients with IPF under steroid and immunosuppressive treatment. Simultaneously, level of the gelatinase B activity in epithelial lining fluid was increased in untreated IPF patients, whereas it was normal in treated patients. These results suggest that AM of patients with IPF are primed for gelatinase B expression and that steroid and immunosuppressive treatment induces negative modulation of the gelatinase B overexpression. We conclude that gelatinase B may play a role in lung remodeling in IPF.
Novel thermoplastic elastomers. II. Properties of star-block copolymers of PSt-b-PIB arms emanating from cyclosiloxane cores (1999)

Select mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of star-blocks consisting of 5–21 polystyrene-b-polyisobutylene (PSt-b-PIB) arms radiating from cyclosiloxane cores are described. The tensile properties of products containing 23–41 wt % of PSt are substantially higher (9.6–23.8 MPa) than those of linear triblocks of comparable arm molecular weights and compositions over the 25–85°C temperature range. The mechanical properties of star-blocks seem to be much less sensitive to diblock contamination than linear triblock thermoplastic elastomers of similar hard/soft segment composition. The tensile strength of star-blocks increases by increasing the number of arms (Nw,arm) and reaches a plateau in the Nw,arm = 5–10 range. Star-blocks exhibit higher strengths with lower PSt segmental Mn than linear triblocks. Solvent cast triblock copolymers exhibit higher tensile strengths than compression molded products; however, star-blocks show no significant property differences between cast and molded samples. The dynamic melt viscosities of the star-blocks are substantially lower than those of linear triblocks with comparable hard/soft segment compositions, which is consistent with the star's unique microarchitecture and should lead to improved overall processibility. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 815–824, 1999
Coverage based Proxy Placement for Content Distribution over the Internet (2002)

In an effort to differentiate service quality, service providers have resorted to employing Content Distribution Networks (CDNs) over the Internet. CDNs deploy geographically distributed proxy servers which manage content on behalf of the service provider&#39;s servers forbetter performance and enhanced availability.\n\nIn this paper we explore the proxy placement problem for content distribution over the Internet. Its goal is to strategically place a number of proxies in the network to optimize certain criteria which improve performance of proxies. We motivate and illustrate the various necessary factors and constraints that need to be taken into account for a good placement of proxies over the Internet whichreflect real world scenario more accurately and which we claim hitherto has not been completely addressed. We introduce a novel concept of host coverage characterizing every Autonomous Systems (AS) and use this stable, coarse grained measure as a long-term estimate of the load being serviced by the proxy system. We validate its applicability through an Internet study. We then pose anoptimal formulation of the proxy placement problem taking into consideration all the relevant factors. We propose a couple of proxy placement algorithms that solve the above problem and analyze their behavior. Finally we present the performance of those algorithms against the optimal solution and other schemes proposed in literature. We also study the stability of the proposed algorithms through avariety of experiments.\n\nKeyword: Proxy Placement, Coverage, Internet, ContentDistribution Network (CDN)
Tribology of Hard Protective Coatings Under Realistic Operating Conditions for Use in Oilless Piston-Type and Swash-Plate Compressors (2010)

Abstract In current compressor designs, increasing efficiency through the use of tighter tolerances and extreme application conditions is becoming more prevalent. Moreover, in an effort to enable reduced oil usage and the ambitious goal of oil-less compressor operation, greater surface protection is sought through the application of hard protective tribological coatings. Unlubricated laboratory experiments were performed to simulate two common types of compressors: piston-type and swash-plate compressors. Bare materials investigated (52100 steel against cast iron and against Al390-T6) exhibited high friction, high wear, and abrupt scuffing failures. Using WC/C and WC/C + DLC coatings applied on 52100 steel wrist pins and tested against uncoated cast iron disks (piston-type compressor) as well as uncoated 52100 crowned pins tested against coated Al390-T6 disks (swash-plate compressor), the authors achieved significant improvements in the tribological performance. Specifically, under the operating conditions investigated—including high temperatures, different refrigerant environments, and different loading conditions—minimal wear, low friction coefficient values of the order of 0.05, and no abrupt scuffing failures were observed. Based on this research, hard protective tribological coatings have the potential to replace oil in future compressors. KEY WORDS: CompressorsCoatingScuffingWearRefrigerant ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This research was supported by the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Center at the University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign. Coatings were provided by Ionbond, The Netherlands and Balzers AG, Lichtenstein. Scanningelectron microscopy was performed at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials at the University of Illinois, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy under grant DEFG02-96-ER45439. Review led by Tom Karis Notes 1Obtained with a 90 degree cube corner tip (Pergande, et al. ( Citation 2 )). 2Converted from Brinell hardness. 3Bulk tensile modulus. 1Chamber pressure of 172 kPa. 2First minute at half load. 3Ran until scuffing failure.
Adaptive model-based digital halftoning incorporating image enhancement (2002)

This paper describes a new approach to adaptive digital halftoning with the least squares model-based (LSMB) method. A framework is presented for the adaptive control of smoothness and sharpness of the halftone patterns according to local image characteristics. The proposed method employs explicit, quantitative models of the human visual system represented as 2D linear filters (eye filters). In contrast with the standard LSMB method where the single eye filter is employed uniformly over the image, the model parameters are controlled according to local image characteristics for each pixel. Because of the adaptive selection of eye filters for the pixels, image enhancement is incorporated into the halftoning process. Effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through experiments using real data compared with the error-diffusion algorithm and the standard LSMB method.
Complexities in defining remission in rheumatic diseases. (2007)

The rheumatology community has devoted increasing attention to the subject of remission over the past 2 decades, on the basis of greater appreciation of the long-term severity of inflammatory rheumatic diseases and availability of new therapies and approaches to improve outcomes. Nonetheless, description of remission in rheumatic diseases is complex, compared to many nonrheumatic diseases. Recognition of remission requires a set of measures or an index rather than a single "gold standard." Spontaneous remission is not infrequent in people with early inflammatory arthritis, including some who may meet criteria for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over less than a few months, and may be confused with a drug-induced remission. Remission may be transient in many patients over short periods, and the length of time required to maintain remission status varies in different reports. Maintenance of a state of remission in autoimmune diseases that result from dysregulatory processes, rather than invasion of foreign cells or toxins, generally requires ongoing therapy indefinitely. Patients who have organ damage or functional disability may be described as "in remission," although they are free of disease activity only, but not necessarily free of disease consequences. A status of "low disease activity" or "near remission" with 70% to 90% of the features of an ideal remission may be adequate for many people with rheumatic diseases to avoid risks that may be required to reach 100% remission status. Thus, the subject of remission remains under active discussion in the rheumatology community.
Progressive neurological deterioration and MRI changes in cblC methylmalonic acidaemia treated with hydroxocobalamin (1999)

Cobalamin C (cblC) defects result in decreased activity of both methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and N5-methyltetrahydrofolate:homocysteine methyltransferase (methionine synthase), with subsequent methylmalonic acid-uria and homocystinuria. Patients typically show failure to thrive, developmental delay and megaloblastic anaemia. Vitamin B12 therapy has been beneficial in some cases. We report a now 4-year-old Hispanic girl with cblC disease documented by complementation analysis, with progressive neurological deterioration and worsening head MRI changes while on intramuscular hydroxocobalamin begun at age 3 weeks. Oral carnitine and folic acid were added at age 1 year. Blood levels of methylmalonic acid were reduced to treatment ranges. In the absence of acute metabolic crises, she developed microcephaly, progressive hypotonia and decreased interactiveness. Funduscopic examination was normal at age 13 months. At age 19 months, she developed nystagmus, and darkly pigmented fundi and sclerotic retinal vessels were observed on examination. Her neonatal head MRI was normal. By age 1 year, the MRI showed diffuse white-matter loss with secondary third and lateral ventricle enlargement, a thin corpus callosum, and normal basal ganglia. At age 15 months, progression of the white-matter loss, as well as hyperintense globi pallidi, were present. Interval progression of both grey- and white-matter loss was seen at age 27 months. We therefore caution that progressive neurological deterioration and head MRI abnormalities may still occur in cblC disease, despite early initiation of hydroxocobalamin therapy and improvement in toxic metabolite concentrations in physiological fluids.
Methanococcus aeolicus sp. nov., a mesophilic, methanogenic archaeon from shallow and deep marine sediments (2006)

Three strains of CO(2)-reducing methanogens were isolated from marine sediments. Strain PL-15/H(P) was isolated from marine sediments of the Lipari Islands, near Sicily and the other two strains, Nankai-2 and Nankai-3(T), were isolated from deep marine sediments of the Nankai Trough, about 50 km from the coast of Japan. Analysis of the cellular proteins and 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these three strains represented a single novel species that formed a deep branch of the mesophilic methanococci. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three strains were most closely related to Methanothermococcus okinawensis (95 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). However, strains PL-15/H(P), Nankai-2 and Nankai-3(T) grew at temperatures that were more similar to those of recognized species within the genus Methanococcus. Strain Nankai-3(T) grew fastest at 46 degrees C. Results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains PL-15/H(P), Nankai-2 and Nankai-3(T) from closely related species. The name Methanococcus aeolicus sp. nov. is proposed, with strain Nankai-3(T) (=OCM 812(T)=DSM 17508(T)) as the type strain.
Scientific Fact between New Science and scienza nuova: Giambattista Vico’s factum and John Toland’s Matter of Fact (2013)

The article deals with the syncretic construction of fact which took shape in Early Modern Times at an intersection of biblical exegesis, political science, esthetics, historiography and natural sciences epistemology. The study attempts a comparative analysis of Giambattista Vico’s ‘new science’ and John Toland’s ‘travesty philosophy’, outlining shared reference points and structural similarities in their political epistemology: procedure of the authorization of facts, modal implications of the fact, economy of political dissimulation
Biomarkers of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma and Barrett’s Esophagus (2004)

The rising incidence and poor prognosis of esophageal adenocarcinoma in the Western world have intensified research efforts into earlier methods of detection of this disease and its relationship to Barrett's esophagus. The progression of Barrett's esophagus to adenocarcinoma has been the focus of particular scrutiny, and a number of potential tissue and serum-based disease biomarkers have emerged. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of esophageal adenocarcinoma are outlined. Tissue biomarkers allowing risk stratification of Barrett's are reviewed as well as strategies currently being used to discover novel biomarkers that will facilitate the early detection of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Finally, the uses of biomarkers as predictive tests for targeted treatments and as surrogate endpoints in chemoprevention trials are considered.
Interactions between Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Vaccinia Virus in Human Lymphoid Tissue Ex Vivo (2007)

Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been attracting attention recently not only as a vector for various vaccines but also as an immunization tool against smallpox because of its potential use as a bioterrorism agent. It has become evident that in spite of a long history of studies of VACV, its tissue pathogenesis remains to be fully understood. Here, we investigated the pathogenesis of VACV and its interactions with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the context of human lymphoid tissues. We found that ex vivo-cultured tonsillar tissue supports productive infection by the New York City Board of Health strain, the VACV strain of the Dryvax vaccine. VACV readily infected both T and non-T (B) lymphocytes and depleted cells of both of these subsets equally over a 12-day period postinfection. Among T lymphocytes, CD8(+) cells are preferentially depleted in accordance with their preferential infection: the probability that a CD8(+) T cell will be productively infected is almost six times higher than for a CD4(+) T cell. T cells expressing CCR5 and the activation markers CD25, CD38, and HLA-DR are other major targets for infection by VACV in lymphoid tissue. As a consequence, VACV predominantly inhibits the replication of the R5(SF162) phenotype of HIV-1 in coinfected tissues, as R5-tropic HIV-1 requires activated CCR5(+) CD4(+) cells for productive infection. Human lymphoid tissue infected ex vivo by VACV can be used to investigate interactions of VACV with other viruses, in particular HIV-1, and to evaluate various VACV vectors for the purpose of recombinant vaccine development.
Copper deprivation in rats induces islet hyperplasia and hepatic metaplasia in the pancreas (2006)

These data show that copper deficiency in rats, as well as inducing the appearance of hepatocytes, is capable of causing islet hyperplasia.
Comparative Efficacy of Halcinonide and Fluocinonide Creams in Psoriasis and Eczematous Dermatoses (1975)

The clinical efficacy of halcinonide and fluocinonide creams was compared in the treatment of 392 patients with corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses, including psoriasis, and various eczematous dermatoses such as atopic dermatitis, eczematous dermatitis, and neurodermatitis. The severity of the condition treated was moderate or severe in most of the patients. Usually, the creams were applied three times daily for two to three weeks. In psoriasis, halcinonide was superior to fluocinonide (P less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between halcinonide and fluocinonide in the treatment of the eczematous dermatoses. Both creams were well tolerated, each being associated with local side effects (such as burning sensation, dryness, erythema, and pruritus) in 4.9 per cent of patients.