gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting achievable design performance of broadband antireflection coatings (1993)

An empirically derived formula, which can be used to predict the average residual reflection that can be expected from an antireflection (AR) coating design as a function of bandwidth, overall thickness, available indices of the coating materials, number of layers, etc., is presented. This formula can be a useful tool not only for the thin-film designer but also for the nondesigner or system engineer to estimate the performance limits of an AR coating for a given application before the design is accomplished. The general predictions are also found to be consistent with the results of two recent AR design competitions involving many independent investigators. Some insight with respect to the basic underlying principles of AR coatings can also be gleaned from the results and the process by which they are found.
Proof of a conjecture of Ramanujan (1967)

We write and so that p ( n ) is the number of unrestricted partitions of n . Ramanujan [1] conjectured in 1919 that if q = 5, 7, or 11, and 24 m ≡ 1 (mod q n ), then p( m ) ≡ 0 (mod q n ). He proved his conecture for n = 1 and 2†, but it was not until 1938 that Watson [4] proved the conjecture for q = 5 and all n , and a suitably modified form for q = 7 and all n . (Chowla [5] had previously observed that the conjecture failed for q = 7 and n = 3.) Watson's method of modular equations, while theoretically available for the case q = 11, does not seem to be so in practice even with the help of present-day computers. Lehner [6, 7] has developed an essentially different method, which, while not as powerful as Watson's in the cases where Γ 0 ( q ) has genus zero, is applicable in principle to all primes q without prohibitive calculation. In particular he proved the conjecture for q = 11 and n = 3 in [7]. Here I shall prove the conjecture for q = 11 and all n , following Lehner's approach rather than Watson's. I also prove the analogous and essentially simpler result for c ( m ), the Fourier coefficient‡ of Klein's modular invariant j (τ) as
Antihyperglycaemic And Anti‐Oxidant Properties Of <i>Andrographis Paniculata</i> In Normal And Diabetic Rats (2000)

1. Oxidative stress is believed to be a pathogenetic factor in the development of diabetic complications. In the present study, we investigated the ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata for antihyperglycaemic and anti-oxidant effects in normal and streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats. 2. Normal and diabetic rats were randomly divided into groups and treated orally by gavage with vehicle (distilled water), metformin (500 mg/kg bodyweight) or the extract (400 mg/kg bodyweight), twice a day for 14 days. 3. At the end of the 14 day period, the extract, like metformin, significantly increased bodyweight (P < 0.01) and reduced fasting serum glucose in diabetic rats (P < 0.001) when compared with vehicle, but had no effect on bodyweight and serum glucose in normal rats. Levels of liver and kidney thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly increased (P < 0.0001, P < 0.01, respectively), while liver glutathione (GSH) concentrations were significantly decreased (P < 0.005) in vehicle-treated diabetic rats. Liver and kidney TBARS levels were significantly lower (P < 0.0001, P < 0.005, respectively), whereas liver GSH concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in extract- and metformin-treated diabetic rats compared with vehicle-treated diabetic rats. Andrographis paniculata significantly decreased kidney TBARS level (P < 0.005) in normal rats. Hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly lower in vehicle-treated diabetic rats compared with vehicle-treated normal rats. The extract, as well as metformin, significantly increased the activity of SOD and CAT, but had no significant effect on GSH-Px activity in diabetic rats. The extract and metformin did not produce significant changes in the activity of these anti-oxidant enzymes in normal rats. 4. Our results show that oxidative stress is evident in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and indicate that the ethanolic extract of A. paniculata not only possesses an antihyperglycaemic property, but may also reduce oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
Neurochemical-clinical correlates in Huntington's disease--applications of brain banking techniques. (1993)

Our present understanding of the neuronal abnormalities of Huntington's disease (HD) owes everything to the post mortem study of brain tissue from patients with this disorder. HD was one of the first brain disorders to be studied after systematic brain banking, and it is now well defined in terms of its histological and neurotransmitter pathology. Having established the neurotransmitter systems that are particularly affected in HD (and which include striatal and pallidal GABAergic pathways), it has proven possible to assess post-mortem neurochemistry in the light of pre-mortem clinical information to identify some of the neurotransmitter correlates of the individual motor, behavioural and cognitive symptoms seen in the disease. Thus a further loss of pallidal GABA is associated with a diminution of chorea in HD, while the dementia that occurs in the great majority of cases is related to amino acid transmitter losses in the caudate, but not the cortex. The neurochemical pattern of neuronal loss in the brain in HD has also indicated the possible mechanism for the pathogenesis of the disease: excitotoxic damage via the glutamate/NMDA receptor. Banked brain tissue has also provided the means for the search for abnormal concentrations of biochemical toxins that might bring about this damage. One such endogenous neurotoxin, the tryptophan metabolite quinolinic acid, was found to be unchanged in HD, although another little-studied, but toxic, tryptophan metabolite, 3-hydroxykynurenine, was found to be increased in HD brain samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Adaptive User-Interface Based on User's Emotion (2012)

In this paper, we introduce AUBUE - Adaptive User-Interface Based on User's Emotion in which a user's emotions are detected according to interactions of the user with keyboard; then user interface's color is adopted regarding to users' emotion. AUBUE includes four elements: keyboard interpretation, event interpretation, mood update, and color selection. In the keyboard interpretation element, interactions of a user with keyboard are analyzed with respect to some predefined parameters. In the event interpretation element, keyboard interactions are interpreted as active emotions of the user. Mood update element is responsible for mapping active emotions to a mood and updating current mood. Finally, the color selection element selects appropriate colors to cope with current mood. We have implemented AUBUE in a shape guess game.
CXCR2 and Its Related Ligands Play a Novel Role in Supporting the Pluripotency and Proliferation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2014)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a crucial factor sustaining human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). We designed this study to search the substitutive factors other than bFGF for the maintenance of hPSCs by using human placenta-derived conditioned medium without exogenous bFGF (hPCCM-), containing chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) ligands, including interleukin (IL)-8 and growth-related oncogene α (GROα), which were developed on the basis of our previous studies. First, we confirmed that IL-8 and/or GROα play independent roles to preserve the phenotype of hPSCs. Then, we tried CXCR2 blockage of hPSCs in hPCCM- and verified the significant decrease of pluripotency-associated genes expression and the proliferation of hPSCs. Interestingly, CXCR2 suppression of hPSCs in mTeSR™1 containing exogenous bFGF decreased the proliferation of hPSCs while maintaining pluripotency characteristics. Lastly, we found that hPSCs proliferated robustly for more than 35 passages in hPCCM- on a gelatin substratum. Higher CXCR2 expression of hPSCs cultured in hPCCM- than those in mTeSR™1 was observable. Our findings suggest that CXCR2 and its related ligands might be novel factors comparable to bFGF supporting the characteristics of hPSCs and hPCCM- might be useful for the maintenance of hPSCs as well as for the accurate evaluation of CXCR2 role in hPSCs without the confounding influence of exogenous bFGF.
The Possible Role of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Human Osteoclast Differentiation from CD34+ Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitors. (2004)

Hematopoietic progenitors differentiate into osteoclasts through the influence of systemic hormones and factors produced within the bone marrow microenvironment. Beyond the differentiation to nonhematopoietic tissues, including bone, cartilage, muscle, of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are components of this microenvironment and have been shown to produce extracellular matrix, cytokines and growth factors that regulate the formation, activity, and survival of osteoclasts in vitro . In this study, we sought to establish a reproducible coculture model of human osteoclastogenesis using highly purified human MSCs and CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Fifty milliliters of bone marrow were harvested from breast cancer patients to whom planning autologous BMT. Bone marrow cell suspensions were centrifuged on Ficoll-Paque to isolate mononuclear cells. The mononuclear cell fraction was cultured in standard medium to obtain MSCs. After 4–5 passage mesenchymal differentiation was determined by morphologically, Vimentin, and CD54 and CD58 positivity. Ostoeogenic differentiaiton of MSCs was induced with an osteogenic supplement (OS) containing dexamethasane, B-glycerophosphate, L-ascorbic acid for 12 days incubation. CD34 + HSCs were purified from bone marrow mononuclear cells by positive selection using CliniMACS. Aliquots of DAPI-stained HSCs were added to monolayers of MSCs or OS-treated MSCs, and the coculture was maintained at 37°C in 5 % CO 2 for up to 3 weeks. To assess the effect of vitamin D 3 on osteoclast formation 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 was added to the coculture. Human fibroblasts were used as negative control instead of MSCs. To determine the role of cell contact in osteoclast formation, experiments were performed in which HSCs and MSCs were cultured in either the same chamber or in chambers separated by 0.45-μm porous membrane for 3 weeks. After 3 weeks, this coculture system yielded that MSCs promote differentiation of DAPI-stained HSCs into TRAP + multinucleated cells in the absence of added hormones, cytokines, and growth factors. These cells showed CD14, CD11b, CD11c, CD56 positivity, whereas CD34, CD45, HLA-DR, CD13, CD71, CD42 were negative after 3 weeks of culture. In contrast, human fibroblasts failed to support the formation of MNCs, the majority of HSCs degenerated within 2 weeks of culture. Separation of MSCs and HSCs reduced osteoclast formation by 80%, suggesting that cell contact is important, but not absolutely required, for osteoclast formation. OS-treated MSCs actually inhibited the formation of osteoclasts from HSCs. The inhibitory effect of OS-treated MSCs on osteoclast formation is dictated by the differentiated state of MSCs. Osteoclast formation was increased if the coculture was performed in the presence of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 . The data show that MSCs support multilineage differentiation of hematopoietic cells and suggest that our model provides opportunities to understand the mechanisms by which MCSs regulate human osteoclastogenesis.
Zur Populationsdynamik der Kleinnager in den Tropen und ihre Ursachen (1953)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Markov chain analysis applied to an ancient alluvial plain succession (1973)

ABSTRACT Markov chain analysis is a comparatively simple statistical technique for the detection of repetitive processes in space or time. Coal measure cyclothems or fluvial fining‐upward cycles are good examples of sedimentary successions laid down under the control of Markovian processes. Analyses of stratigraphic sections commence with a transition count matrix, a two‐dimensional array in which all possible vertical lithologic transitions are tabulated. Various probability matrices may be derived from this raw data, and these are then subjected to chi‐square tests to determine the presence or absence of the Markov property. This technique is applied to four types of stratigraphic succession which occur in the Devonian rocks of Prince of Wales Island, Arctic Canada. (1) A conglomerate succession of alluvial fan origin. Markov analysis is of little or no assistance in the interpretation of these rocks, in which only two principal lithologies are present. (2) A conglomerate‐sandstone succession. Fluvial fining‐upward cycles are detectable by visual examination of the sections and are strongly indicated by Markov analysis. (3) A sandstone‐carbonate succession, of marginal marine origin, and including both marine and non‐marine strata. Cyclicity is weak in these rocks, but analysis suggests that regressions took place much more rapidly than transgressions during their period of deposition. (4) A succession in which the relative proportions of the various lithologies vary markedly with age. The varying nature of the cyclic tendencies is emphasized in this case by dividing the succession into two subintervals, for the purpose of analysis.
Notes - Preparation of D and L Forms of Glycl-β-2-thienylalanine (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Preparation of D and L Forms of Glycl-β-2-thienylalanineFloyd W. DunnCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 12, 1525–1526Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1956Publication History Published online21 February 2003Published inissue 1 December 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01118a611RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (272 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Dynamic Optimizations for SBCL Garbage Collection (2018)

Using a garbage collected language poses a challenge for latency- sensitive applications. The garbage collector is an integral part of a lisp implementation; optimizing or replacing the GC may be infeasible without a substantial rewrite of the lisp compiler/runtime. By taking advantage of the container which many modern processes run inside we can tune the garbage collector only to keep the lisp process's heap within the bounds provided by the container. We make 3 simple changes to SBCL's generational garbage collector which result in improved application performance. We find that the application's runtime throughput and latency are improved, with less time spent in the GC, and that behavior in a multi-core environment is improved.
The Mechanism of the Inhibition of Corrosion by the Pertechnetate Ion. III Studies on the Perrhenate Ion (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Mechanism of the Inhibition of Corrosion by the Pertechnetate Ion. III Studies on the Perrhenate IonG. H. CartledgeCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1956, 60, 1, 32–36Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150535a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j150535a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Über Eisen- und Chromnitrid (1905)

We’ve built this digital research platform to provide academics everywhere with fast, stable and secure digital access to our library of over 110,000 scholarly books and 800,000 journal articles. We’ve tested the platform in close cooperation with leading academic institutions. If you have any questions or you notice something doesn’t quite work as it should, please visit our <a href="/publishing/faq?lang=en" class="text-primary">Help/FAQ</a> page and let us know.
Proterozoic mineralization identified by integrated regional regolith geochemistry, geophysics and bedrock mapping in Western Australia (2003)

The advantages of integrating datasets in the search for mineralization in areas characterized by subdued relief, extensive areas of transported regolith, and a semi-arid climate, are shown using direct observations (e.g. bedrock and regolith mapping, regolith geochemistry) and remotely-sensed data (e.g. airborne magnetics, gravity, Landsat TM) over a 48 000 km 2 area in central Western Australia. In this area, Archaean granite and greenstones are unconformably overlain by a 5 km-thick sequence of Paleoproterozoic ( c. < 1840 Ma) and Mesoproterozoic ( c. 1200 Ma) sedimentary rocks, both of which are intruded by c. 1070–1400 Ma dolerites. Known mineralization comprises small lode gold deposits hosted by Archaean greenstones (e.g. <0.25 Mt @ ∼4 gt −1 ) and MVT-type mineralization in Paleoproterozoic stromatolitic carbonate rocks. Outcrop is sparse, with transported regolith covering about 85% of the area. Regolith sampling and subsequent multi-element analysis has been carried out on a 4 × 4 km sampling grid over the whole area, and simultaneous measurement of gravity at each regolith sampling site has been carried out in the eastern two-thirds of the area. Integration of these data with existing gravity data, airborne magnetics, Landsat TM, and detailed bedrock mapping of selected exposures has identified seven potential areas of mineralization, including structurally controlled gold and base metal deposits associated with regional deformation, stratiform MnO and base metal mineralization, and magmatic sulfide mineralization associated with the intrusion of thick mafic sill complexes. Although regional regolith chemistry is capable of identifying all seven areas of mineralization, detailed bedrock mapping and geophysics are essential to understand the style of mineralization and to put the mineralization into a tectonic framework. The preferred tectonic model comprises the deposition of siliciclastic and chemical sedimentary rocks on a passive continental margin, followed by regional deformation, and emplacement of high-level mafic sills and dykes.
Hardware Performance Monitoring in Memory of NUMAchine Multiprocessor (1997)

This thesis reflects on the aspects of hardware performance monitoring in multiprocessors. More specifically, it deals with the hardware designed and implemented for performance monitoring in the main memory of the cache-coherent, shared-memory NUMAchine multiprocessor. It also elaborates on the factors that affect performances and some of the cost-effective hardware features used in NUMAchine to measure these factors without intruding on software performance.Hardware monitoring in the memory of NUMAchine is used to measure performance during peak memory activity based on the transaction types, to collect statistical data on page accesses and finally to probe on cache line accesses at a fine or coarse granularity level. Also described is how these hardware performance measurements provide insight into various bottlenecks that cause performance degradation in multiprocessors. ii Acknowlegements First of all, I would like to thank my supervisor Professor Z.G Vranesic for ...
Causal Relationship Between Stressful Life Events and the Onset of Major Depression (1999)

Stressful life events have a substantial causal relationship with the onset of episodes of major depression. However, about one-third of the association between stressful life events and onsets of depression is noncausal, since individuals predisposed to major depression select themselves into high-risk environments.
Photonic Memristor for Future Computing: A Perspective (2019)

Abstract Photonic computing and neuromorphic computing could address the inherent limitations of traditional von Neumann architecture and gradually invalidate Moore's law. As photonics applications are capable of storing and processing data in an optical manner with unprecedented bandwidth and high speed, two‐terminal photonic memristors with a remote optical control of resistive switching behaviors at defined wavelengths ensure the benefit of on‐chip integration, low power consumption, multilevel data storage, and a large variation margin, suggesting promising advantages for both photonic and neuromorphic computing. Herein, the development of photonic memristors is reviewed, as well as their application in photonic computing and emulation on optogenetics‐modulated artificial synapses. Different photoactive materials acting as both photosensing and storage media are discussed in terms of their optical‐tunable memory behaviors and underlying resistive switching mechanism with consideration of photogating and photovoltaic effects. Moreover, light‐involved logic operations, system‐level integration, and light‐controlled artificial synaptic memristors along with improved learning tasks performance are presented. Furthermore, the challenges in the field are discussed, such as the lack of a comprehensive understanding of microscopic mechanisms under light illumination and a general constraint of inferior near‐infrared (NIR) sensitivity.
Auditory Spatial Receptive Fields Created by Multiplication (2001)

Examples of multiplication by neurons or neural circuits are scarce, although many computational models use this basic operation. The owl's auditory system computes interaural time (ITD) and level (ILD) differences to create a two-dimensional map of auditory space. Space-specific neurons are selective for combinations of ITD and ILD, which define, respectively, the horizontal and vertical dimensions of their receptive fields. A multiplication of separate postsynaptic potentials tuned to ITD and ILD, rather than an addition, can account for the subthreshold responses of these neurons to ITD-ILD pairs. Other nonlinear processes improve the spatial tuning of the spike output and reduce the fit to the multiplicative model.