gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absence of <scp>CD</scp>4 or <scp>CD</scp>8 lymphocytes changes infiltration of inflammatory cells and profiles of cytokine expression in skin wounds, but does not impair healing (2014)

The involvement of lymphocytes in skin wound healing has not been studied extensively. This study shows that CD4 and CD8 cells are present in significant numbers in skin wounds with peak levels at days 5-10 and 7-10, respectively. Both subsets expressed inflammatory and/or regulatory cytokines. To examine the function of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes in tissue repair, wound healing was examined in mice deficient for either CD4 or CD8 cells. Wounds in CD4 deficient mice exhibited an initial delayed infiltration of CD8 cells followed by a relative increase in CD8 cells at day 10 and thereafter. Wounds in CD4 deficient mice also displayed up-regulated expression of IL1β, IL-6, IL-17, IFN-γ, CXCL-1 and down-regulated expression of IL-4 as compared to wild-type mice. In contrast, wounds in CD8 deficient mice showed significantly decreased infiltration of CD4+ cells, neutrophils, and macrophages along with down-regulated expression of IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α, CXCL-1, CCL-2 and up-regulated expression of IL-4 as compared to wild-type mice. Despite these significant changes in cytokine expression and inflammatory cell infiltrate, the rate of wound closure, wound breaking strength, collagen content and angiogenesis in either CD4 or CD8 deficiency showed no significant difference from that of wild-type mice. The results suggest that, despite being present and involved in wound inflammation, neither CD4+ nor CD8+ cells play critical roles in the healing process of skin wounds. Further studies are needed to investigate whether these cells might play critical roles in wounds that experience stress such as ischemia or infection.
Optoelectronics for Technicians and Engineering (1989)

Optoelectronics for technicians and engineering , Optoelectronics for technicians and engineering , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Iron as a synergist for hepatocellular carcinoma induced by polychlorinated biphenyls in <i>Ah</i>-responsive C57BL/10ScSn mice (1990)

Male Ah-responsive C57BL/10ScSn mice received a single dose of iron-dextran (600 mg Fe/kg) and were fed a diet containing 0.01% of the PCBs mixture Aroclor 1254 for up to 12 months. Iron caused a marked synergistic increase in liver size from 2 months with greatly elevated mitotic rates, numbers of basophilic foci and incidences of bile duct and oval cell proliferation. Although at 4 months much of the liver enlargement was due to iron-depleted hyperplastic regions and lipid accumulation, by 8 months seven out of nine mice had nodules (hepatocellular adenomas) whereas none were observed in the Aroclor alone group. After 12 months, 16 out of 18 mice had multiple nodules and/or hepatocellular carcinomas whereas only one of 16 mice was positive in a group not given iron. Basophilic nodules were more common than clear cell nodules in those mice with carcinomas than in those animals without. Preloading with iron also greatly enhanced the development of cholangiofibrosis at 8 and 12 months. Preliminary experiments with the polybrominated biphenyl mixture Firemaster BP-6 indicated a similar synergistic interaction with iron. No effects of iron and Aroclor 1254 on the liver were observed in the Ah-nonresponsive strain DBA/2. Iron potentiated the development of uroporphyria after exposure to those chemicals in C57BL/10ScSn mice but not in the DBA/2 mice. Therefore in C57BL/10ScSn mice the carcinogenicity of PCBs and possibly PBBs, is modulated by iron status and probably not at a late stage where these chemicals may act in a promotional manner.
A New Loss Function for CNN Classifier Based on Predefined Evenly-Distributed Class Centroids (2019)

With the development of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in recent years, the network structure has become more and more complex and varied, and has achieved very good results in pattern recognition, image classification, object detection and tracking. For CNNs used for image classification, in addition to the network structure, more and more researches focus on the improvement of the loss function, so as to enlarge the inter-class feature differences, and reduce the intra-class feature variations as soon as possible. Besides the traditional Softmax, typical loss functions include L-Softmax, AM-Softmax, ArcFace, and Center loss, etc. Based on the concept of predefined evenly-distributed class centroids (PEDCC) in CSAE network, this paper proposes a PEDCC-based loss function called PEDCC-Loss, which can make the inter-class distance maximal and intra-class distance small enough in latent feature space. Multiple experiments on image classification and face recognition have proved that our method achieve the best recognition accuracy, and network training is stable and easy to converge. Code is available in https://github.com/ZLeopard/PEDCC-Loss.
Local distortions of the Tl-O layers in Tl-based high-temperature superconductors (1994)

Local distortions of Tl and O(3) atoms from the high-symmetry crystallographic sites in ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{6}$ and ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{8}$ have been observed by x-ray-absorption fine structure at the Tl ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ edge. The interlayer Tl-Tl distance around R=3.50 \AA{} remains, but the intralayer Tl-Tl distance around R=3.87 \AA{} is not found. The Tl-O(3) distances (in the Tl-O layers) are R=2.31 \AA{} in Tl-2201 and R=2.35 \AA{} in Tl-2212. These results show that both Tl and O atoms are shifted from their ideal crystallographic positions. The differences in the near-edge features of the x-ray-absorption spectra of these materials are consistent with this result. A negative edge shift of 1.2 eV at the Tl ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathrm{III}}$ edge compared to that of ${\mathrm{Tl}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ indicates that the valence state of the Tl ion is less than 3+, which is consistent with charge-transfer models.
Magnetic Relaxations of Antiferromagnetic Nanoparticles in Magnetic Fields (2002)

We reexamine anomalous magnetic relaxations of ferritin in magnetic fields, the presence of which has been regarded as evidence suggesting the existence of thermally assisted macroscopic quantum tunneling in antiferromagnetic nanoparticles. In the present study, relaxation curves of ferritin are examined using an approach that is free from assumptions regarding distributions of various parameters of polydispersive particles. The results are not anomalous. In other words, the relaxation is accelerated by the field, as expected for classical superparamagnetic fluctuations.
Acyclic (homopolar) dynamos (1905)

Except for very low pressures, the so-called homopolar dynamo has so far been a failure from a commercial point of view. This failure is principally due to two conditions: first, the uncertainty as to the magnetic and electrical conditions prevailing in this type of generator; secondly, the difficulties encountered in collecting large currents from a generator running at a high rate of speed. These conditions will be discussed in this paper, and in order that their import may be grasped there will be described in outline the design of, and some results obtained with, a 300-kw. 500-volt turbine-driven acyclic (homopolar) generator built in the shops of one of the large electrical manufacturing companies. The question dealt with is a broad one, too broad to be discussed at length in this paper; the main points only will be taken up and a more thorough discussion left for a later date.
An intelligent smart tutor system based on emotion analysis and recommendation engine (2017)

One of the core model of the Tutor System is considered to be Student model, which pays special attention to student's cognitive and affective states and their evolution as the learning process advances. As the student works step-by-step through their problem solving process the system engages in a process called model tracing. Anytime the student model deviates from the domain model the system identifies, or flags, that an error has occurred. This helps in the shorter feedback cycle for the student and help them in overcoming these shortcomings through the recommendation engine. The tutor model accepts information from the domain and student models and makes choices about tutoring strategies and actions. At any point in the problem-solving process the learner may request guidance on what to do next, relative to their current location in the model. Knowledge tracing tracks the learner's progress from problem to problem and builds a profile of strengths and weaknesses relative to the production rules. The tutor system gives a visual graph of the learner's success in each of the monitored skills related to solving problems. When a learner requests a hint, or an error is flagged, the know ledge tracing data and the skill meter are updated in real-time. The Another core feature of the tutor system is its recommendation engine which on the basis of the skill meter that is updated at the real time will find what all are the things that the student may be interested on and suggest him the path that could be more fruitful. And last the tutor system is able to builds student profiles while observing student performance throughout the interaction of the system.
On modeling boundary layer and gravity‐driven fluid mud transport (2007)

A model for fine sediment transport processes in the fluvial and coastal environment is proposed based on a simplified two‐phase formulation. This simplified approach for fine‐sediment transport is essentially single‐phased; however, it retains several critical mechanisms originated from the complete two‐phase formulation. By incorporating closures of carrier fluid turbulence and turbulent suspension and rheology of the sediment, the model is first tested with laboratory measurements of flow velocity and concentration for fine‐sand transport driven by steady currents. Next, particle diameter and density are prescribed in the model according to fractal dimensions of typical flocs for fluid mud observed on the continental shelf. The model is able to predict the dynamics of tidal‐driven lutocline behavior observed on the Amazon shelf and wave‐supported gravity‐driven fluid mud transport measured at the Po prodelta. Model results also indicate strong interplay between flow turbulence and fluid‐mud concentration, suggesting that the mechanism of sediment‐induced stratification on damping the carrier fluid turbulence is crucial in determining the fluid mud behavior. Results are encouraging for incorporation in the future of more comprehensive descriptions on floc dynamics, mud‐bed consolidation and various mud rheology closures.
Biotechnology approaches to developing herbicide tolerance/selectivity in crops (2006)

The use of herbicides has revolutionized weed control in many crop production systems. However, with the increasing development of weed resistances to many popular selective herbicides, the need has arisen to rethink the application of chemical weed control. Approaches to maintain the efficiency of chemical weed control include the discovery of new herbicide target sites in plants and the discovery/ synthesis of new, more potent herbicidal molecules. However, these approaches are expensive to execute, take considerably long times to succeed and may lead to increased chemical loads in the environment. Since many existing broad-spectrum herbicides are still effective, an alternative strategy adopted to ensure the safe use of broad-spectrum herbicides in a wide range of crops is the application of biotechnological techniques to engineer crop selectivity to these herbicides. In this review we summarize efforts being made to develop crop herbicide selectivity using biotechnology. Keywords: Biotechnology, herbicide resistance, cell culture, mutagenesis, genetic transformation
A new in vitro assay for quantitating tumor cell invasion. (1989)

The attachment to and penetration of basement membranes by tumor cells is required to complete the metastatic cascade which culminates in the establishment of secondary tumor foci. Therefore, basement membranes are critical barriers to the passage of disseminating tumor cells. We have developed a simple, in vitro model using matrigel-coated transwell chambers (Costar) for use in a tumor cell invasion assay. Two variants of the K1735 UV-induced murine melanoma cell line were assayed for their invasive capabilities and compared with their ability to colonize the lung in an experimental metastasis assay. The K1735-M2 cells, which are highly metastatic in vivo, invaded through basement membrane matrigel at a significantly higher rate than the low metastatic cells, K1735-16, in a 72-hour assay. As a negative control, normal murine fibroblasts were incapable of penetrating the barrier. Tumor cell invasion in vitro correlated with lung colonization in vivo. Therefore, this model may provide a valuable tool to study the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of tumor cell invasion during hematogenous dissemination.
Blind source separation using second-order cyclic-statistics (2002)

This paper addresses the problem of blind separation of cyclostationary sources. By exploiting the cyclostationarity property of the source signals, a new approach based on second-order cyclic statistics is proposed for identifying the parameter matrix and estimating the source signals. The new approach does not impose any restriction on the cyclic frequencies of the signals and yields waveform-preserving estimates of the source signals. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this approach.
International Surveillance of Bloodstream Infections Due to <i>Candida</i> Species: Frequency of Occurrence and In Vitro Susceptibilities to Fluconazole, Ravuconazole, and Voriconazole of Isolates Collected from 1997 through 1999 in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (2001)

A surveillance program (SENTRY) of bloodstream infections (BSI) in the United States, Canada, Latin America, and Europe from 1997 through 1999 detected 1,184 episodes of candidemia in 71 medical centers (32 in the United States, 23 in Europe, 9 in Latin America, and 7 in Canada). Overall, 55% of the yeast BSIs were due to Candida albicans, followed by Candida glabrata and Candida parapsilosis (15%), Candida tropicalis (9%), and miscellaneous Candida spp. (6%). In the United States, 45% of candidemias were due to non-C. albicans species. C. glabrata (21%) was the most common non-C. albicans species in the United States, and the proportion of non-C. albicans BSIs was highest in Latin America (55%). C. albicans accounted for 60% of BSI in Canada and 58% in Europe. C. parapsilosis was the most common non-C. albicans species in Latin America (25%), Canada (16%), and Europe (17%). Isolates of C. albicans, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis were all highly susceptible to fluconazole (97 to 100% at < or =8 microg/ml). Likewise, 97 to 100% of these species were inhibited by < or =1 microg/ml of ravuconazole (concentration at which 50% were inhibited [MIC(50)], 0.007 to 0.03 microg/ml) or voriconazole (MIC(50), 0.007 to 0.06 microg/ml). Both ravuconazole and voriconazole were significantly more active than fluconazole against C. glabrata (MIC(90)s of 0.5 to 1.0 microg/ml versus 16 to 32 microg/ml, respectively). A trend of increased susceptibility of C. glabrata to fluconazole was noted over the three-year period. The percentage of C. glabrata isolates susceptible to fluconazole increased from 48% in 1997 to 84% in 1999, and MIC(50)s decreased from 16 to 4 microg/ml. A similar trend was documented in both the Americas (57 to 84% susceptible) and Europe (22 to 80% susceptible). Some geographic differences in susceptibility to triazole were observed with Canadian isolates generally more susceptible than isolates from the United States and Europe. These observations suggest susceptibility patterns and trends among yeast isolates from BSI and raise additional questions that can be answered only by continued surveillance and clinical investigations of the type reported here (SENTRY Program).
ENHANCING BOARD FUNCTIONAL SELF-TEST BY CONCURRENT SAMPLING (2005)

Board test using functioiial self-test code can be augmented by concurrently sampling signals at chip boundaries, compressing this data, and verifying its signature in-line in the code. This is a general method to enhance board test and diagnosis, po1,erXtidy adding every chip J/O pin as an observation point that is observed frequently and coupled to the self-test. Tests continue to execute at the normal board operating speed. This combination of fnnctional and strudural testing offers improved effectiveness over functional testing alone.
The Physiological Significance of Mitochondrial Proton Leak in Animal Cells and Tissues (1997)

Mitochondrial proton leak is an important component of cellular metabolism in animals and may account for as much as one quarter to one third of the Standard Metabolic Rate of the rat. The activity of the proton leak pathway is different in a wide range of animal species and in different thyroid states. Such differences imply some function for proton leak and candidates for this function include thermogenesis, protection against reactive oxygen species, endowment of metabolic sensitivity and maintenance of carbon fluxes.
Implementation-Friendly Constraint for Adaptive Finite Impulse Response Filters for Equalization (2008)

In read channels in magnetic recording systems, a finite impulse response (FIR) filter is often used as an equalizer, and the filter coefficients are adapted via a least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. This equalizer adaptation loop can interfere with the timing recovery (TR) loop and the automatic gain control (AGC) loop that are also present in such channels. In a previous paper by L. Du et al., a linear constraint is proposed for the LMS loop so that it is decoupled from the TR and the AGC loops. In this paper, we generalize that constraint, and propose a new constraint that offers the advantage of easier implementation.
Infinite elements (1977)

Abstract A series of shape functions analogous to Lagrange polynomials, but including an exponential decay term, are suggested as appropriate for elements which extend to infinity. The shape functions are applied to a number of examples, mainly of viscous flow, where the domain extends to infinity. Both explicitly integrated and numerically integrated elements are described. The technique is applicable to many problems where the domain is supposed to extend to infinity.
Stimulation of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Pump by Acylphosphatase (1996)

Ca2+ transport by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is tightly coupled with the enzymatic activity of Ca2+-dependent ATPase, which forms and decomposes an intermediate phosphoenzyme. Heart sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump is regulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) phospholamban phosphorylation, which results in a stimulation of the initial rates of Ca2+ transport and Ca2+ ATPase activity. In the present studies we found that acylphosphatase from heart muscle, used at concentrations within the physiological range, actively hydrolyzes the phosphoenzyme of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump, with an apparent Km on the order of 10(-7) M, suggesting an high affinity of the enzyme for this special substrate. In unphosphorylated vesicles acylphosphatase enhanced the rate of ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ uptake with a concomitant significant decrease in apparent Km for Ca2+ and ATP. In vesicles whose phospholamban was PKA-phosphorylated, acylphosphatase also stimulated the rate of Ca2+ uptake and ATP hydrolysis but to a lesser extent, and the Km values for Ca2+ and ATP were not significantly different with respect to those found in the absence of acylphosphatase. These findings suggest that acylphosphatase, owing to its hydrolytic effect, accelerates the turnover of the phosphoenzyme intermediate with the consequence of an enhanced activity of Ca2+ pump. It is known that phosphorylation of phospholamban results in an increase of the rate at which the phosphoenzyme is decomposed. Thus, as discussed, a competition between phospholamban and acylphosphatase effect on the phosphoenzyme might be proposed to explain why the stimulation induced by this enzyme is less marked in PKA-phosphorylated than in unphosphorylated heart vesicles.
Structural domains of P450-containing monooxygenase systems (1995)

All known P450-containing monooxygenase systems share common structural and functional domain architecture. Apart from P450 itself, these systems can comprise several fundamentally different protein components or domains, all of which are shared by other multicomponent/multidomain enzyme systems with various functions: FAD flavoprotein or domain, FMN domain, Fe2S2 ferredoxin, Fe3S4 ferredoxin, and cytochrome b5. Either FMN domain, ferredoxins or cytochrome b5 serve as the electron transport intermediate between the FAD domain and P450. The molecular evolution of both P450-containing systems and of each particular component does not follow phylogeny in general. Gene fusion and horizontal gene transfer events can lead to the appearance of novel redox chains in the same manner that artificial chimeric proteins can be constructed by humans. Recent studies using genetic and protein engineering techniques to investigate the separate domains and their interaction are described.
Bone building with bortezomib (2008)

In this issue of the JCI, Mukherjee et al. report that bortezomib, a clinically available proteasome inhibitor active against myeloma, induces the differentiation of mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs)--rather than mature osteoprogenitor cells--into osteoblasts, resulting in new bone formation (see the related article beginning on page 491). These results were observed when MSCs were implanted subcutaneously in mice or were used to treat a mouse model of postmenopausal bone loss. Others have reported that immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., thalidomide and lenalidomide), which are active against myeloma, also block the activity of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. These results reflect the utility of targeting endogenous MSCs for the purpose of tissue repair and suggest that combining different classes of agents that are antineoplastic and also inhibit bone destruction and increase bone formation should be very beneficial for myeloma patients suffering from severe bone disease.
Comparative Analysis of R&D Investment Strategy of Multinationals of United States and Japan in China (2012)

With the economic globalization increasingly development, American and Japanese multinationals are the leader on the area of technology and innovation in the world, their foreign investment characteristic expressed as that established RD Globalization; Research and development; Investment strategy
Bond quality of soy‐based phenolic adhesives in southern pine plywood (2006)

Abstract Increased demand for wood adhesives, environmental concerns, and the uncertainty of continuing availability of petrochemicals have led to recent attention on protein‐based adhesives. This study was conducted to investigate the glue bond qualities of soy‐based phenolic adhesive resins for southern pine plywood. Two types of soy‐based resins were formulated and tested. The first was made by cross‐linking soy flour with phenol‐formaldehyde (pf) resins at neutral pH. The second type was obtained by cross‐linking soy flour hydrolyzates with pf resin under alkaline conditions. Plywood bonded with the neutral phenolic soy resins containing 70% soy flour and 30% 1.6 g/cm 2 pf without the use of extenders and fillers compared favorably with the traditional southern pine pf glue mixes. Plywood bonded with alkaline phenolic soy resins, containing 40 or 50% 0.5 g/cm 2 PF with the addition of extender (19% corn‐cob powder), provided better adhesive glue bond properties than traditional southern pine pf glue mixes. These results suggest that soy‐based phenolic adhesive resins have potential for the production of exterior southern pine plywood.