gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carsharing systems demand estimation and defined operations: a literature review (2013)

Efforts have been made in the last few decades to provide new urban transport alternatives. One of these is carsharing, which involves a fleet of vehicles scattered around a city for the use of a group of members. At first, part of the research effort was put into setting up real life experiments with vehicle fleets and observing the performance of major private operators. In the meantime, with the growth of this alternative and the need to better plan its deployment, researchers started to create more advanced methods to study carsharing systems’ planning issues. In this paper, we review those methods, identifying gaps and suggesting how to bridge them in the future. Based on that review we concluded that carsharing demand is difficult to model due to the fact that the availability of vehicles is intrinsically dependent on the number of trips and vice versa. Moreover, despite the existence of carsharing simulation models that offer very detailed mobility representations, no model is able to characterise accurately the supply side, thus hindering the cost-benefit assessment that is fundamental to justify investment in this transport alternative, in particular those that are being endorsed by the European Union. More complex, however, is the operation of the emerging one-way carsharing systems, where a vehicle may be dropped off at any station, which adds uncertainty as to the location where vehicles can be picked up. Several optimisation approaches have been proposed to mitigate this problem but they are always limited in scope and leave other aspects out for model simplification purposes. Some simulation models have also been developed to study the performance of this type of carsharing system, but they have not included ways of balancing the vehicle stocks.
Genetics, environment and bovine respiratory disease (2009)

The heritability estimates for resistance and/or susceptibility to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) are small, suggesting response to direct selection will be slow. The number of mammalian genetic markers associated with resistance to specific pathogens or improved immunity is increasing and will provide additional information for developing selection criteria for producing animals with an innate resistance to BRD. Environmental and management factors play significant roles in the prevalence of BRD and must be considered in a holistic approach to reducing BRD. Although no single solution for preventing BRD is likely to be discovered in the immediate future, the long-term outlook appears very promising.
The use of a microwave discriminator in the measurement of noise modulation on c.w. transmitters (1962)

A circuit incorporating a microwave discriminator is described which is capable of measuring 0.001 c/s r.m.s. frequency deviation in a 70 c/s bandwidth between 1 and 100 kc/s off carrier frequency. The minimum detectable a.m. noise sideband power in the same bandwidth is −120 dB at 1 kc/s, decreasing with increasing frequency at 6 dB/octave.
Improving Convolutional Neural Networks Via Compacting Features (2018)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown great advantages in computer vision fields, and loss functions are of great significance to their gradient descent algorithms. Softmax loss, a combination of cross-entropy loss and Softmax function, is the most commonly used one for CNNs. Hence, it can continuously increase the discernibility of sample features in classification tasks. Intuitively, to promote the discrimination of CNNs, the learned features are desirable when the inter-class separability and intra-class compactness are maximized simultaneously. Since Softmax loss hardly motivates this inter-class separability and intra-class compactness simultaneously and explicitly, we propose a new method to achieve this simultaneous maximization. This method minimizes the distance between features of homogeneous samples along with Softmax loss and thus improves CNNs' performance on vision-related tasks. Experiments on both visual classification and face verification datasets validate the effectiveness and advantages of our method.
Sonar Images Classification of Seabed Physiognomy Based on the Information Fusion Methods (2008)

As the exploration of the seabed is extended ever further, automated recognition and classification of sonar images become increasingly important. However, most of the related methods ignore the directional information and scale invariance or only pay attention to one of them. To deal with this problem, we combine 2D Gabor filters and fuzzy fractal dimension based on the information fusion method in this paper. The 2D Gabor filters are designed with constrained parameters to reduce the complexity and to improve the calculation efficiency. Meanwhile, at each orientation, the optimal parameters of the Gabor filters will be selected with the help of bandwidth parameters based on the Fisher criterion. Hybrid-fusion method and multilayer perceptron classifier are applied in the information fusion method. The approach proposed in this paper can overcome some disadvantages of the traditional approaches of extracting texture features, and improve recognition rate effectively.
Human glucocerebrosidase catalyses transglucosylation between glucocerebroside and retinol (1994)

The basal activity of human placental glucocerebrosidase is elevated 16-fold by n-pentanol when assayed using p-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (pNPGlc) as the beta-glucosidase substrate. This enhancement of activity is the result of the formation of a transglucosylation product, n-pentyl beta-D-glucoside, in rate-determining competition with the hydrolytic reaction. The transglucosylation product accounts for approximately 80% of the reaction product generated in the presence of n-pentanol (0.18 M) when either glucocerebroside or pNPGlc was used as the substrate. This stimulatory effect can be increased an additional 3-fold by the inclusion of phosphatidylserine (20 micrograms/ml) or sodium taurodeoxycholate (0.3%, w/v) in the incubation medium. In the presence of retinol, glucocerebrosidase also catalyses the synthesis of a novel lipid glucoside, retinyl glucoside, when either glucocerebroside or pNPGlc serves as the substrate. The reaction product was identified as retinyl beta-D-glucoside, based on its susceptibility to hydrolysis by almond beta-D-glucosidase and the subsequent release of equimolar amounts of retinol and glucose. The rate of retinyl-beta-glucoside formation is dependent on the concentration of retinol in the incubation medium, reaching saturation at approximately 0.3 mM retinol. Retinyl beta-D-glucoside is a substrate for two broad-specificity mammalian beta-glucosidases, namely the cytosolic and membrane-associated beta-glucosidases of guinea pig liver. However, retinyl beta-D-glucoside is not hydrolysed by placental glucocerebrosidase. These data indicate that the glucocerebrosidase-catalysed transfer of glucose from glucocerebroside to natural endogenous lipid alcohols, followed by the action of a broad-specificity beta-glucosidase on the transglucosylation product, could provide mammals with an alternative pathway for the breakdown of glucocerebroside to glucose and ceramide.
Activities of chitinolytic enzymes during primary and secondary colonization of wood by basidiomycetous fungi (2005)

The nitrogen (N) content of wood is usually suboptimal for fungal colonization. During decomposition of wood, an increasing fraction of the N becomes incorporated into fungal mycelium. Between 5 and 50% of the N in wood-degrading mycelium may be incorporated into chitin. Chitinolytic enzymes render this N available for re-utilization. Here, the activities of chitinolytic enzymes produced by wood-rotting fungi during degradation of spruce (Picea abies) wood were quantified in situ using fluorogenic 4-methylumbelliferyl substrates. A new method was developed that enables spatial quantification of enzyme activities on solid surfaces. All of the three tested fungi produced endochitinases, chitobiosidases and N-acetylhexosaminidases during colonization of wood. N-acetylhexosaminidase activity, and in some cases also chitobiosidase and endochitinase activities, were higher during secondary overgrowth of another fungus than during primary colonization of noncolonized wood. The results suggest that wood-degrading fungi degrade their own cell walls as well as the hyphae of earlier colonizers. Recycling of cell wall material within single mycelia and between fungal individuals during succession may lead to retention of N within woody debris.
Quantitative analysis of short chain fatty acids using gas liquid chromatography (1963)

Abstract The short‐chain fatty acids, propionic to pelargonic, have been analyzed by gas liquid chromatography, as their butyl, phenacyl, and decyl esters to overcome losses due to their volatility. The three methods are compared and the decyl ester procedure offers the most advantages.
Taking grinders and screens on the road (2000)

Companies maximize return on equipment purchases by offering mobile processing for customers.
Low-cost catalytic route to chiral amino adds (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTLow-cost catalytic route to chiral amino addsSTEPHEN STINSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 8, 23–27Publication Date (Print):February 24, 1992Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 24 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n008.p023https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n008.p023newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views5Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Monomers,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Involute external toothing gear synchro toothholder measuring tool design (2008)

Introduces the involute external toothing gear synchro toothholder's between the two tooth of the inaccuracy's measure's method,analysis the measuring tool's structure and the gist of design-ing and manufacture,simply the measuring tool's structure,special the measuring tool calibrate part's structure,imply check of the introduces gear.
Eine hochauflösende optische Nahfeld-Sonde für Fluoreszenzmessungen an biologischen Proben (2004)

In dieser Arbeit wurde eine neue hochauflosende optische Nahfeld-Sonde fur die optische Rasternahfeldmikroskopie (SNOM) an fluoreszierenden Proben entwickelt. Fluoresierende Proben werden normalerweise mit Apertursonden im Beleuchtungsmodus abgebildet. Damit last sich typischerweise eine optische Auflosung von 50-100 nm erreichen. Apertursonden sind flach und haben deshalb oft eine sehr schlechte topographische Auflosung. Eine hohere optische Auflosung kann durch Ausnutzung der Feldkonzentration an einer Metallspitze erreicht werden - und dies bei gleichzeitiger hoher Topographieauflosung. Die Streusonde, eine Metallspitze, die mit einem durch Linsen fokussierten Laserstrahl beleuchtet wird, ist jedoch fur die Detektion der Fluoreszenz einzelner Molekule schlecht geeignet: Der beugungsbegrenzte Laserfokus verursacht eine starke Hintergrundsbeleuchtung, die zu starkem Photobleichen und einem schlechten Signal-zu-Rauschverhaltnis fuhrt. Daher wurde bei der hier entwickelten Sonde eine kurze Metallspitze am Rand einer Apertur uber die Nahfelder der Apertur beleuchtet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, das diese Nahfeld-Sonde die speziellen Vorteile der beiden bisher gangigen Sondentypen, namlich die hohe optische und topographische Auflosung der Streusonde mit dem hohen Signal-zu-Rausch-Verhaltnis der Apertursonde miteinander vereint. Es ist daher moglich, das Fluoreszenzlicht einzelner Farbstoffmolekule mit hoher Ortsauflosung zu messen. Als Testobjekt wurden DNA-Strange abgebildet, an deren Enden einzelne Cy-3 Molekule gebunden sind. Abgebildete Cy-3 Molekule zeigen orientierungsabhangige Fluoreszenzmuster mit Details, deren Halbwertsbreite nur 10 nm betragt. Die Form der Fluoreszenzmuster kann durch ein einfaches Modell erklart werden, das seinerseits auf Modellen fur die Feldverteilung unter einer Spitze und fur die Fluoreszenzunterdruckung an einer Metalloberflache (quenching) beruht. Mit diesem Modell kann durch Anpassen der Parameter die Position und Orientierung einzelner detektierter Farbstoffmolekule bestimmt werden. Dabei kann die laterale Position der Farbstoffmolekule im optischen Bild mit einer Genauigkeit von weniger als 1nm ermittelt werden. Der laterale Versatz des topographischen Bildes zum optischen Bild ist kleiner als die Auflosungen der Bilder. Dementsprechend ist mit dieser Sonde das zeitgleiche Messen eines topographischen und optischen Signals an einem Punkt moglich. Diese hervorragenden Eigenschaften der neuen Sonde versprechen ganz neue Moglichkeiten fur Einzelmolekulexperimente, insbesondere in der molekularen Strukturbiologie.
An application of routing protocols for Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (2010)

Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is an emerging new technology integrating adhoc network, wireless LAN (WLAN) and cellular technology to achieve intelligent inter-vehicle communications and improve road traffic safety and efficiency. Vehicles are able to exchange information within these networks without the need of installing any infrastructure along the roadside VANETs can be used to improve the road safety by e.g. warning drivers about accidents in front of the road or to provide Internet access to the passengers via gateways along the road. However, the routing of data packets through the VANET is very complex since network topology change rapidly and communication conditions may vary heavily. Therefore, VANETs pose many unique networking research challenges, and the design of an efficient routing protocol for VANETs is very crucial. In this paper, we discuss the application of existing routing protocols for VANETs.
Variable turns ratio inductance transducer for measurement of translational displacement (1984)

A simple linear-displacement transducer is described, which operates on the principle of changing the turns ratio of an air core transformer. The transducer measures displacements from 0 to 1 m with a linearity of better than 1% and a repeatability of better than 0.1%.
Evaluation of culture media for recovery of Staphylococcus aureus from swimming pools (1986)

Several selective media were evaluated for the primary isolation and enumeration of Staphylococcus aureus from halogenated indoor swimming pool waters. Standard plate counts of the viable population and total coliform densities were also determined to ascertain their value as indicator systems. All studies were done with membrane filters. The most selective, accurate, and reliable medium was Vogel-Johnson (VJ) medium supplemented with 0.5% pyruvate. This medium recovered two times more typical colonies than VJ medium alone, and subsequent identification of these well-defined black colonies proved that approximately 80% were S. aureus. The S. aureus recoveries correlated well with halogen levels and bather density use also. In contrast, VJ medium alone was 60% selective for S. aureus, and VJ medium supplemented with catalase did not increase either the percent recovery or the selectivity over that of VJ medium alone. Standard plate counts did not correlate with halogen levels, bather density, or total viable colonies. Coliforms were rarely recovered from indoor pool waters and were not considered to be useful indicators of water quality.
A Computationally Efficient Generalized Poisson Solution for Independent Double-Gate Transistors (2010)

Previous techniques used for solving the 1-D Poisson equation (PE) rigorously for long-channel asymmetric and independent double-gate (IDG) transistors result in potential models that involve multiple intercoupled implicit equations. As these equations need to be solved self-consistently, such potential models are clearly inefficient for compact modeling. This paper reports a different rigorous technique for solving the same PE by which one can obtain the potential profile of a generalized IDG transistor that involves a single implicit equation. The proposed Poisson solution is shown to be computationally more efficient for circuit simulation than the previous solutions.
EFFECTS OF DIACETYL MONOXIME ON NEUROMUSCULAR TRANSMISSION (1959)

The action of diacetyl monoxime on neuromuscular transmission has been studied in frogs, chickens, and cats, and in isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations. In frogs and chickens the oxime caused a flaccid paralysis; in chickens there was sometimes opisthotonos. In the indirectly stimulated rat diaphragm, diacetyl monoxime decreased the height of a single twitch, but a tetanus was well sustained. In cats, the twitch height of the indirectly excited gastrocnemius-soleus muscle was reduced by diacetyl monoxime more than was that of the tibialis anterior muscle, but in both muscles a tetanus was well maintained. Diacetyl monoxime reduced the response to direct stimulation of both the rat diaphragm and cat muscles. Diacetyl monoxime injected intra-arterially in the cat elicited a transient hypertension and a gasp. Diacetyl monoxime did not reverse the neuromuscular block caused by anticholinesterases either in isolated rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations or in cats.
Intersecting Pools and TheirPotential Application in TestingDonated Blood for Viral Genomes (1997)

Amplification assays for viral genomes are at present too expensive and cumbersome to be applied to individual blood donations. Through constructing interesting pools of specimens, however, it may be possible to screen as a single process large numbers of units for several low prevalence viruses using relatively few tests. The preparation of the intersecting pools that would be required is explained in this paper. If test sensitivity and specificity were adequate, the testing of these pools would permit timely release of components that had the security of genetic testing added to current serological screening programmes. The method also makes screening for other viruses feasible.
Family planning in rural areas. 2. Florida: a university-based mobile medical team. (1970)

In the 27 months from January 1968 to April 1970 a university-based mobile health team has brought family planning services to more than 5000 poor women (of an estimated 14000 in need) living in 13 rural counties of north central Florida. The program receives financing through the Maternity and Infant Care program of the Department of Health Education and Welfare and the Family Planning Program of the Office of Economic Opportunity. The mobile team of health workers who operate the program is based in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the University of Floridas Medical College in Gainesville. In addition to family planning the program provides low-income women in the 13 counties with continuing prenatal post partum and cancer detection services as well as general physical examinations. (excerpt)
Apparatus for low temperature calorimetry (1953)

A description is given of two pieces of apparatus for the measurement of the thermal properties, particularly the specific heat, of solid samples between 2° K and room temperature. The two machines differ in the method of using liquid helium, one incorporating a liquefier of the Simon expansion type, the other using liquid helium from a separate liquefier. The two methods of working are compared and their relative merits evaluated. A general purpose calorimeter suitable for either apparatus is also described.
Elongational Rheometry of Coextruded Polymer Melts. (1995)

In most key polymer processing operations such as fiber spinning, blow molding and extrusion through a converging die, the dominant mode of flow is elongational. Rheological characterization of polymeric materials in elongational flow is critical for material quality control as well as for process modeling applications. Unlike shear flows, which have been studied extensively, elongational flows are not well understood, primarily due to the experimental difficulties involved in generating a pure and steady elongational flow field. There is a dearth of commercially available elongational rheometers in the present rheological literature; those that are commercially available, are useful only at elongational strain rates at least an order of magnitude lower than those encountered in typical industrial processes. Use of lubricated skin/core flow of polymer melts and a hyperbolic converging die is shown to result in essentially pure elongational flow at a constant elongational strain rate in the core. Experimental measurements on a laboratory scale coextrusion system in a planar slit die using tracer particles and an image analysis system confirm the predicted behavior and demonstrate the ability to achieve a constant elongational strain rate in the core layer. The technique is implemented on a commercial capillary rheometer by replacing the capillary die with a hyperbolic converging axisymmetric die to determine the uniaxial elongational viscosity of several polymer melts. A two layered billet for placement in the rheometer barrel is prepared by completely encapsulating the core polymer with a polyethylene skin. Elongational viscosity at high extensional rates can be determined with this method; values in excess of 500 s$\sp{-1}$ have already been achieved. Agreement with the data available in the literature at equivalent elongational strain rates was found with polypropylene melts. Both polypropylene and syndiotactic polystyrene melts were observed to be strain softening in the range of strain rates studied. At low strain rates Nylon-66 melts showed a strain hardening behavior, followed by an apparent peak and a subsequent strain softening at higher strain rates.
[A new type of breathing apparatus]. (1979)

President Roosevelt writes to his daughter Ethel about his hunting camp site in Louisiana. He describes a "remarkable character" named Ben Lily who showed up at camp and draws a picture of him as well. He also says the area is almost "all negros" and draws a picture of two girls riding a mule.