gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationships between physical properties and chemical constitution of lubricating oil fractions (1936)

A correlation of the physical properties of a series of petroleum fractions in the lubricating-oil region with each other and with the physical properties of synthetic hydrocarbons of high molecular weight has been made. The petroleum fractions had been extensively separated by distillation and extraction and their empirical formulas determined. The following properties were compared: densities, specific refractions, optical activities, specific dispersions, viscosities, viscosity indices, aniline points, and boiling points.
The role of thoracoscopy in the AIDS/immunocompromised patient (1993)

A review of the thoracic complications associated with the immunosuppression seen in the setting of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), transplantation, and cancer chemotherapy was undertaken to define the role of thoracoscopy and video-assisted thoracic surgery in this context. Pulmonary parenchymal disease, pleural effusions, pneumothorax, and pericardial effusions are the primary conditions in which thoracoscopy can be helpful. Thoracoscopic wedge biopsy can be used in patients with parenchymal disease when bronchoalveolar lavage, transbronchial biopsy, or an empiric trial of antibiotics fail to yield a diagnosis. If pleural effusions are loculated and highly fibrinous, effective drainage can be achieved thoracoscopically. Early bleb stapling and apical pleurectomy are often necessary in the management of AIDS-related pneumothorax and can be readily done using video-assisted thoracic surgical techniques. Successful thoracoscopy in the immunocompromised patient requites the ability to tolerate one-lung anesthesia, a manageable lung parenchyma, and a satisfactory coagulation profile.
5‐HT<sub>6</sub> antagonists as potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction (2009)

Abstract Among the potential therapeutic targets for the development of cognitive enhancers for AD and schizophrenia, the 5‐HT 6 receptor is of especial interest based on its localization, pharmacology, and recent behavioral data showing that 5‐HT 6 receptor blockade improves cognition in a number of rodent behavioral models. It is localized almost exclusively in the CNS, in areas important for learning and memory, while atypical antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants bind with high affinity to this target. 5‐HT 6 receptor antagonism enhances neurotransmission at cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons, as well as in other pathways. 5‐HT 6 antagonist medicinal chemistry and potential therapeutic applications for treatment of cognitive dysfunction is broadly reviewed. Drug Dev Res 70, 2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>a</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>b</mml:mi></mml:math>plane optical conductivity in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>above and below<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>*</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1998)

Analysis of the $a\ensuremath{-}b$ plane optical conductivity ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ for both twinned and untwinned ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ as a function of temperature and doping shows that below a well-defined temperature ${T}^{*},$ a dip in the spectrum systematically appears separating the infrared charge excitation spectrum into two components with distinct energy scales. The change from monotonic behavior in ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ab}}$ is found to be concurrent with the onset of phonon anomalies in Raman and infrared spectra below ${T}^{*}$. The optical data are suggested to be evidence for the appearance of an inhomogeneous distribution of carriers rather than the opening of a simple gap for charge excitations below ${T}^{*}$, an interpretation which is consistent with recent angle-resolved photoemission and electronic Raman spectra. We find that the behavior below ${T}^{*}$ and the absence of any anomalies at ${T}_{c}$ can be interpreted assuming a Bose-Einstein condensation of preformed pairs.
An 17/8-IPS magnetic recording system for stereophonic music (1960)

The primary aim of this work has been to develop a stereophonic system for recorded music, using a small, inexpensive and practical cartridge with magnetic tape as the information carrier. In order to make the cost of the recorded cartridge comparable with a disk containing an equivalent amount of music, it was realized that basic developments in magnetic recording such as efficiency of recording and reproducing techniques were necessary to meet the packing density requirements. This paper describes developments which have led to a recorded cartridge one fifth of the volume of a disk and capable of playing more than one hour of stereophonic sound uninterrupted. In order to obtain the desired signal-to-noise ratio and frequency response to 15 kc, radical improvements have been made to tape, recording system and playback head. In conjunction with this work, a fully automated tape machine has been developed. The machine is equipped with a changer-type mechanism and accommodates a number of cartridges which are played and rewound completely automatically, one after another, furnishing music for several hours. The machine requires no manual threading and has a rewind cycle of less than twenty seconds for an hour-long tape.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Photocross‐Linking 5‐C‐Base‐Substituted UTP Analogues and Their Application in Highly Selective Affinity Labeling of the Tick—Borne Encephalitis Virus RNA Replicase Proteins (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intraband carrier kinetics and picosecond pulse shaping in field-enhanced bulk semiconductor absorbers (1998)

Picosecond pulse propagation through a field-enhanced waveguide bulk semiconductor saturable absorber is studied numerically. Fast switching from unsaturated absorption to delayed strong saturation and gain, as well as the predicted dependence of saturation energy on electric field, is based on intraband carrier kinetics and electric-field dynamics in the absorber and can lead to improved, controllable pulse shaping.
Oxidation of Fluorine-Containing Alcohol with Chlorine (1962)

1H,1H,5H-ペルフルオルアミルアルコールをジフルオルテトラクロルエタンに溶解し,いろいろな実験条件下で塩素を導入して酸化を行なった。反応生成物として4H-ペルフルオルバレルアルデヒドのほかに4H-ペルフルオルブチルクロリド,4H-ぺルフルオル吉草酸1H,1H,5H-ペルフルオルアミルおよび4H-ペルフルオル吉草酸の4種の化合物が生成することを確認した。アルデヒドは45℃ 付近で最高収率33.7%を示し,これより反応温度が低い場合はエステルが,逆に高い場合はクロリドが主生成物となることを明らかにするとともに,生成機構についても考察した。
Optimized donor management and organ preservation before kidney transplantation (2015)

Kidney transplantation is a major medical improvement for patients with end-stage renal disease, but organ shortage limits its widespread use. As a consequence, the proportion of grafts procured from extended criteria donors (ECD) has increased considerably, but this comes along with increased rates of delayed graft function (DGF) and a higher incidence of immune-mediated rejection that limits organ and patient survival. Furthermore, most grafts are derived from brain dead organ donors, but the unphysiological state of brain death is associated with significant metabolic, hemodynamic, and pro-inflammatory changes, which further compromise patient and graft survival. Thus, donor interventions to preserve graft quality are fundamental to improve long-term transplantation outcome, but interventions must not harm other potentially transplantable grafts. Several donor pretreatment strategies have provided encouraging results in animal models, but evidence from human studies is sparse, as most clinical evidence is derived from single-center or nonrandomized trials. Furthermore, ethical matters have to be considered especially concerning consent from donors, donor families, and transplant recipients to research in the field of donor treatment. This review provides an overview of clinically proven and promising preclinical strategies of donor treatment to optimize long-term results after kidney transplantation.
High-resolution ice cores from US ITASE (West Antarctica): development and validation of chronologies and determination of precision and accuracy (2005)

Abstract Shallow ice cores were obtained from widely distributed sites across the West Antarctic ice sheet, as part of the United States portion of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) program. The US ITASE cores have been dated by annual-layer counting, primarily through the identification of summer peaks in non-sea-salt sulfate (nssSO 4 2– ) concentration. Absolute dating accuracy of better than 2 years and relative dating accuracy better than 1 year is demonstrated by the identification of multiple volcanic marker horizons in each of the cores, Tambora, Indonesia (1815), being the most prominent. Independent validation is provided by the tracing of isochronal layers from site to site using high-frequency ice-penetrating radar observations, and by the timing of mid-winter warming events in stable-isotope ratios, which demonstrate significantly better than 1 year accuracy in the last 20 years. Dating precision to ±1 month is demonstrated by the occurrence of summer nitrate peaks and stable-isotope ratios in phase with nssSO 4 2– , and winter-time sea-salt peaks out of phase, with phase variation of <1 month. Dating precision and accuracy are uniform with depth, for at least the last 100 years.
Mass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. XLIII.<sup>1</sup> Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Isohexyl Bromide and Five Deuterated Derivatives (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMass Spectrometry in Structural and Stereochemical Problems. XLIII.1 Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation of Isohexyl Bromide and Five Deuterated DerivativesD. H. Williams, C. Beard, H. Budzikiewicz, and Carl. DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 5, 877–879Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01059a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01059a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Soluble CD30 Plasma Concentrations Correlate with Disease Activity in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis (2002)

The levels of soluble CD30 in 79 patients with atopic dermatitis were compared with those found in 54 patients with psoriasis and 36 control individuals (no psoriasis, no atopic dermatitis). In relation to the control group, patients with atopic dermatitis were found to exhibit an increased concentration of sCD30 of at least 1.5-fold (p < 0.001). In addition, sCD30 concentrations were shown to correlate with the severity of the disease as measured by the score index for atopic dermatitis and different stages of disease activity, such as acute, subacute, or chronic forms, and localized or generalized distribution of atopic dermatitis. The application of topical glucocorticoid therapy for a period of 2 weeks resulted in a decrease in the level of sCD30 by 46% in 8 patients, especially in the acute, generalized form of atopic dermatitis. Psoriasis patients showed no significant differences in sCD30 levels in relation to the control group. This study demonstrates a correlation between sCD30 concentration and the activity of the disease and therefore suggests sCD30 as a prognostic marker, being superior to predictions from measurements of IgE or eosinophil cationic protein.
Plasmodium berghei: Plasmodium perforin-like protein 5 is required for mosquito midgut invasion in Anopheles stephensi (2007)

During its life cycle the malarial parasite Plasmodium forms three invasive stages which have to invade different and specific cells for replication to ensue. Invasion is vital to parasite survival and consequently proteins responsible for invasion are considered to be candidate vaccine/drug targets. Plasmodium perforin-like proteins (PPLPs) have been implicated in invasion because they contain a predicted pore-forming domain. Ookinetes express three PPLPs, and one of them (PPLP3) has previously been shown to be essential for mosquito midgut invasion. In this study we show through phenotypic analysis of loss-of-function mutants that PPLP5 is equally essential for mosquito infection. Deltapplp5 ookinetes cannot invade midgut epithelial cells, but subsequent parasite development is rescued if the midgut is bypassed by injection of ookinetes into the hemocoel. The indistinguishable phenotypes of Deltapplp5 and Deltapplp3 ookinetes strongly suggest that these two proteins contribute to a common process.
Imidazol-1-ylethylindazole voltage gated sodium (Nav) channel ligands are neuroprotective during optic neuritis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. (2014)

A series of imidazol-1-ylethyl)indazole sodium channel ligands were developed and optimized for sodium channel inhibition and in vitro neuroprotective activity. The molecules exhibited displacement of the radiolabelled sodium channel ligand and selectivity for blockade of the inactivated state of cloned neuronal Nav channels. A metabolically stable analogue 6 (CFM6104) was able to protect retinal ganglion cells during optic neuritis in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis.
Effect of cultivation temperature and light intensity on fatty acid production in the red alga <i>Prophyridium cruentum</i> (1987)

Abstract The spectrum of fatty acids was studied in a unicellular red alga Prophyridium cruentum , strain 1380‐1a, grown in a photostate at 21, 24 and 28 °C and irradianee 30 and 60 W · m −2 . Basic growth characteristics were determined for the strain under these conditions. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (18:2, 20:4, 20:5) increaserd with decreasing cultivaration temperature, their relative proportion changing depending on irradition intensity; the proportion of 18:2 and 20:4 acids was higher at a substraturation irradiance (20 W · m −2 ) while at saturation irradiance (60 W · m −2 ) the proportion of the 20:5 acid was substantially increased. The production os atured acids (16:0) declined with decreasing temperature.
Fabrication of long-period fiber gratings with no harmonics (2002)

We have shown that the extraneous resonances seen in fibers with long-period gratings are caused by higher-order harmonics of the grating's fundamental spatial frequency, and can be eliminated. Our fabrication technique uses a variable writing speed computed using the measured nonlinearity of the glass fiber to UV light. This fabrication technique can be extended to writing arbitrary index profiles for a wide variety of fiberoptic devices, enabling fabrication of chirped and apodized long-period gratings that are free from extraneous resonances.
Energy level structure of $sup 154$Sm from the (n,n'$gamma$) reaction (1973)

ABS>Gamma rays from levels in /sup 154/Sm between 921 and 1817 keV excitation were observed following neutron inelastic scattering at neutron energies ranging from 1.1 to 2.3 MeV. Level positions and decay mode information were obtained. Gamma-ray production cross sections were determined and then used to deduce neutron inelastic cross sections. The results were condpared with the predictions of the compound nuclear statistical theory to establish level spins and parities. (11 figures, 1 table) (auth)
Efficient Traceless Solid-Phase Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrazino[1,2-<i>b</i>]indazoles and Their 6-Oxides (2009)

A highly efficient novel traceless solid-phase synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrazino[1,2-b]indazoles and their 6-oxides was developed by using commercially available building blocks, diamines, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chlorides, and bromoketones/bromoacetates. Mild reaction conditions, diversely substituted building blocks, and high purity of crude products enabled effective combinatorial syntheses of libraries.
Vitamin A in Reproduction and Development (2011)

The requirement for vitamin A in reproduction was first recognized in the early 1900's, and its importance in the eyes of developing embryos was realized shortly after. A greater understanding of the large number of developmental processes that require vitamin A emerged first from nutritional deficiency studies in rat embryos, and later from genetic studies in mice. It is now generally believed that all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is the form of vitamin A that supports both male and female reproduction as well as embryonic development. This conclusion is based on the ability to reverse most reproductive and developmental blocks found in vitamin A deficiency induced either by nutritional or genetic means with RA, and the ability to recapitulate the majority of embryonic defects in retinoic acid receptor compound null mutants. The activity of the catabolic CYP26 enzymes in determining what tissues have access to RA has emerged as a key regulatory mechanism, and helps to explain why exogenous RA can rescue many vitamin A deficiency defects. In severely vitamin A-deficient (VAD) female rats, reproduction fails prior to implantation, whereas in VAD pregnant rats given small amounts of carotene or supported on limiting quantities of RA early in organogenesis, embryos form but show a collection of defects called the vitamin A deficiency syndrome or late vitamin A deficiency. Vitamin A is also essential for the maintenance of the male genital tract and spermatogenesis. Recent studies show that vitamin A participates in a signaling mechanism to initiate meiosis in the female gonad during embryogenesis, and in the male gonad postnatally. Both nutritional and genetic approaches are being used to elucidate the vitamin A-dependent pathways upon which these processes depend.
Algorithm of Agent Localization in a Group Using Ultra-Wideband Communication Technology (2021)

Robot localization is a fundamental task in autonomous mobile robot designing, since actual position data is a necessary parameter for many robot algorithms. Mostly, for the data obtaining, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are used which error can reach 5m. This article presents a developed GNSS coordinate refining algorithm and its testing results. The algorithm operation is based on GNSS coordinates and distance data between multiple devices (here robots) received through Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) transceivers. The coordinates can be refined locally in the device coordinate system and in the global coordinate system, if high-precision of GNSS data are available for at least one device.
The Passerini Reaction. III. Stereochemistry and Mechanism<sup>1,2</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Passerini Reaction. III. Stereochemistry and Mechanism1,2Robert H. Baker and David StanonisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 2, 699–702Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01146a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01146a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views999Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X-ray imaging above 3 keV (1981)

Energy dependent X-ray maps of clusters of galaxies are discussed. A design for a stacked, etched grid collimator is discussed.