gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of ionophores and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide on Mycoplasma gallisepticum adherence to erythrocytes (1982)

To test the influence of the electrochemical ion gradient across mycoplasma membranes on the capacity of organisms to adhere to host cells, Mycoplasma gallisepticum cells were treated with valinomycin, carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) singly or in combination. Uptake of [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium by the treated cells was employed as a measure of the effects of the ionophores on membrane potential. In the absence of K+, valinomycin increased, whereas carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone, and DCCD decreased [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium uptake. However, with a high level of K+ or with DCCD, uptake of [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium in the presence of valinomycin decreased below control levels, indicating that, generally, the ionophores affected membrane potential in the expected manner. The treated organisms were tested for their capacity to attach to glutaraldehyde-fixed human erythrocytes. DCCD was the best inhibitor of mycoplasma attachment, and in combination with valinomycin attachment, capacity decreased by about 40%. The combination of valinomycin plus carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone was less effective; it decreased attachment by about 15 to 25%. It was concluded that the dissipation of ion gradients across cell membranes decreases only partially mycoplasma adherence, in line with previous findings that isolated mycoplasma membranes retain the major part of the attachment capacity of intact cells.
The Effect of Platelet Rich Plasma on Osteogenesis in a Long Bone Segmental Defect: Is the Platelet Rich Plasma Effective for Bone Reconstruction? (2010)

The effect of platelet rich plasma (PRP) on osteogenesis in the defect of long bone is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PRP on new bone formation in a segmental defect of rabbit ulna. Unilateral 15 mm mid-diaphyseal defect was created in the ulna of twenty skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits. The defects in ten rabbits each were treated with autogenous PRP in a polycarprolactone scaffold (PRP treated group) and remain empty defect without any material (contol group). 12 weeks and 20 weeks after surgery, five rabbits in each group were sacrificed to assess new bone formation. New bone formation assessed by plain radiography, microCT scan and histology did not differ significantly between PRP treated group and control group. This study demonstrated that PRP alone had no evidence of promoting osteogenesis in a long bone segmental defect of rabbit ulna.
Functional CdSe/CdS@SiO2 nanoparticles for bioimaging applications (2014)

Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) constitute very promising candidates as light emitters for numerous applications in the field of biotechnology, such as cell labeling or other bioimaging techniques. For such applications, semiconductor QDs represent an attractive alternative to classic organic fluorophores as they exhibit a far superior photostability by several orders of magnitude and a higher brightness thanks to large absorption cross-sections. Within this family of materials, core-shell heterostructures such as CdSe/CdS QDs are especially of interest. In particular CdSe/CdS QDs with relatively thick CdS shells offer several properties essential to biolabeling, including high photoluminescence quantum yields, low blinking behavior and robustness towards aggressive environments. We recently developed a new, fast and very efficient method for the synthesis of such QDs, denoted ‘flash’ CdSe/CdS, which can feature up to 20 monolayers of CdS after no more than 3 minutes of synthesis. These ‘flash’ CdSe/CdS QDs show state-of-the-art optical properties (sharp emission spectra, high photoluminescence quantum yields, low blinking behavior), and the CdS shell thickness can be easily controlled thanks to the full chemical yield of the reaction. These QDs were encapsulated in silica nanoparticles through a water-in-oil microemulsion process, a technique that allows a high control on the morphology of the resulting QD@SiO2 nanoparticles. All the nanoparticles contain one single QD located in its center and the thickness of the silica shell can be varied from only a few nanometers up to several tens of nanometers. The silica matrix provided the QDs with enhanced colloidal stability in polar solvents, but also enhanced photo-physical and chemical stability under irradiation. More importantly, QD@SiO2 nanoparticles based on ‘flash’ CdSe/CdS QDs fully retain their photoluminescence quantum yield even after more than a year of storage in water, whereas QD@SiO2 nanoparticles based on ‘classical’ SILAR grown core-shell QDs typically lose their luminescence after a few weeks or even days. Thereafter, these ‘flash’ CdSe/CdS@SiO2 nanoparticles have proven to be very promising nanoprobes for bioimaging techniques. Indeed, the rapid uptake of high levels of these nanoparticles by live cells was evidenced by confocal fluorescence microscopy. Furthermore, thanks to the high stability of their optical properties but also to their low toxicity after silica encapsulation, these nanoparticles are particularly appropriate for long term cell labeling and tracking. Thus, in this contribution we will report from the synthesis and characterization of these ‘flash’ CdSe/CdS@SiO2, all the way to the study of their toxicity and their application to cell labeling.
Prevalence of brevetoxins in prey fish of bottlenose dolphins in Sarasota Bay, Florida (2008)

Blooms of the brevetoxin-producing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis have been linked to high mortality of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus on Florida’s Gulf of Mexico coast. A clear understanding of trophic transfer of brevetoxin from its algal source up the food web to top predators is needed to assess exposure of affected dolphin populations. Prey fish constitute a means of accumulating and transferring brevetoxins and are potential vectors of brevetoxin to dolphins frequently exposed to K. brevis blooms. Here we report results of brevetoxin analyses of the primary fish species consumed by long-term resident bottlenose dolphins inhabiting Sarasota Bay, Florida. Fish collected during K. brevis blooms in 2003 to 2006 were analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and had brevetoxin concentrations ranging from 4 to 10844 ng PbTx-3 eq g–1 tissue. Receptor binding assay (RBA) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis confirmed toxicity and the presence of parent brevetoxins and known metabolites. Fish collected in the absence of K. brevis blooms tested positive for brevetoxin by ELISA and RBA, with concentrations up to 1500 ng PbTx-3 eq g–1 tissue. These findings implicate prey fish exposed to K. brevis blooms as brevetoxin vectors for their dolphin predators and provide a critical analysis of persistent brevetoxin loads in the food web of dolphins repeatedly exposed to Florida red tides.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Unstable Quinones in Aqueous Solution via Pulse Radiolytic One‐Electron Oxidation of Dihydroxybenzenes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Astable bridge multivibrator with operational transconductance amplifier (1992)

Abstract A bridge multivibrator using operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is proposed and the circuit operation is described. The oscillation period T is calculated (both bipolar and MOS OTA are treated). External voltage clamping is not required to obtain symmetrical oscillations with 50% duty cycle. As a result the circuit can be designed for low voltage power supply. The example describes experimental results for the multivibrator realized with the CA3080 OTA integrated circuit where the minimum rated power supply voltage of ±2V is used.
Background Light Produces a Recoverin-Dependent Modulation of Activated-Rhodopsin Lifetime in Mouse Rods (2010)

The Ca(2+)-binding protein recoverin is thought to regulate rhodopsin kinase and to modulate the lifetime of the photoexcited state of rhodopsin (Rh*), the visual pigment of vertebrate rods. Recoverin has been postulated to inhibit the kinase in darkness, when Ca(2+) is high, and to be released from the disk membrane in light when Ca(2+) is low, accelerating rhodopsin phosphorylation and shortening the lifetime of Rh*. This proposal has remained controversial, in part because the normally rapid turnoff of Rh* has made Rh* modulation difficult to study in an intact rod. To circumvent this problem, we have made mice that underexpress rhodopsin kinase so that Rh* turnoff is rate limiting for the decay of the rod light response. We show that background light speeds the decay of Rh* turnoff, and that this no longer occurs in mice that have had recoverin knocked out. This is the first demonstration in an intact rod that light accelerates Rh* inactivation and that the Ca(2+)-binding protein recoverin may be required for the light-dependent modulation of Rh* lifetime.
Shear Strength and Moment-Shear Interaction in Transversely Stiffened Steel I-Girders (2008)

With the advent of HPS495W steel, hybrid I-girders have again become advantageous in bridge design. Unfortunately, the use of tension field action is not permitted in determining the shear resistance of hybrid girders in prior AISC and AASHTO specifications. This is a significant penalty on the strength of these member types. Also, the checking of moment–shear (M–V) strength interaction is a significant complicating factor in the design and capacity rating of I-girders that use tension field action. The requirements for the shear strength design and the equations for M–V strength interaction in the 1999 AISC and 1998 AASHTO specifications were developed originally without the benefit of a large body of experimental tests and refined finite-element simulations. This paper presents the results from the collection and analysis of data from a total of 186 high-shear low-moment, high-shear high-moment, and high-moment high-shear experimental I-girder tests. References to corroborating refined finite element studies are provided. Particular emphasis is placed on the extent to which web shear postbuckling (tension-field) strength is developed in hybrid I-girders, as well as on the interaction between the flexural and shear resistances in hybrid and nonhybrid I-section members. The results of the study indicate that, within certain constraints that address the influence of small flange size, Basler’s shear resistance model can be used with the flexural resistance provisions of the 2004 AASHTO and 2005 AISC specifications without the need for consideration of M–V strength interaction. Also, the research shows that a form of the Cardiff model can be used with these flexural resistance provisions without the need to consider M–V strength interaction. These conclusions apply to both nonhybrid and hybrid I-girder designs.
Preparation and Various Characteristics of Epoxy/Alumina Nanocomposites (2006)

Epoxy/ alumina nanocomposites were newly prepared by dispersing 3, 5, 7, and 10 weight (wt) % boehmite alumina nanofillers in a bisphenol-A epoxy resin using a special two-stage direct mixing method. It was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy imaging that the nanofillers were homogeneously dispersed in the epoxy matrix. Dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties were investigated. It was elucidated that nanofillers affects various characteristics of epoxy resins, when they are nanostructrued. Such nano-effects we obtained are summarized as follows. Partial discharge resistance increases as the filler content increases; e.g. 7 wt% nanofiller content creates a 60 % decrease in depth of PD-caused erosion. Weibull analysis shows that short-time electrical treeing breakdown time is prolonged to 265 % by 5 wt% addition of nanofillers. But there was more data scatter in nanocomposites than in pure epoxy. Permittivity tends to increase from 3.7 to 4.0 by 5 wt% nanofiller addition as opposed to what was newly found in the recent past. Glass transition temperature remains unchanged as 109 °C. Mechanical properties such as flexural strength and flexural modulus increase; e.g. flexural strength and flexural modulus are improved by 5 % and 8 % with 5 wt% content, respectively. Excess addition causes a reverse effect. It is concluded from permittivity and glass transition temperature characteristics that interfacial bonding seems to be more or less weak in the nanocomposite specimens prepared this time, even though mechanical strengths increase. There is a possibility that the nanocomposites specimens will be improved in interfacial quality.
Hypertriglyceridemia—Acute Pancreatitis—Ischemic Heart Disease (1987)

ABSTRACT Hyperlipoproteinemia type V, with serum triglyceride concentrations of about 20 mmol/1, was detected in a pair of monozygotic, 40‐year‐old twin brothers. One of them had had recurrent attacks of pancreatitis, the other not. The endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions were apparently normal, supporting that the pancreatitis was secondary to the hypertriglyceridemia. After successful lipid‐lowering therapy the attacks of abdominal pain disappeared and remained absent during a 13‐year follow‐up period. The other twin died of ischemic heart disease nine years after the discovery of his lipid abnormality. The reduction of his lipid levels had been much less successful. His average “atherogenic index” (the ratio of cholesterol in low density to that in high density lipoproteins) was normal but increased to a very high value if cholesterol in very low density lipoproteins was also included together with the low density ones in the numerator. Lipoprotein particles modified in composition may have contributed to an increased uptake through a scavenger pathway and promoted atherosclerosis.
Nonlinear optical correlation (1988)

Issued as R & D status report, Contract funds status reports [nos. 1-7], and Final technical report, Project no. E-21-T07
Reactions of isocyanides with activated acetylenes in protic solvents (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of isocyanides with activated acetylenes in protic solventsThomas R. Oakes and Daniel J. DonovanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 7, 1319–1325Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00947a015https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00947a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phylogenetic Classification and Species Identification of Dermatophyte Strains Based on DNA Sequences of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 Regions (1999)

The mutual phylogenetic relationships of dermatophytes of the genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, and Epidermophyton were demonstrated by using internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region ribosomal DNA sequences. Trichophyton spp. and Microsporum spp. form a cluster in the phylogenetic tree with Epidermophyton floccosum as an outgroup, and within this cluster, all Trichophyton spp. except Trichophyton terrestre form a nested cluster (100% bootstrap support). Members of dermatophytes in the cluster of Trichophyton spp. were classified into three groups with ITS1 homologies, with each of them being a monophyletic cluster (100% bootstrap support). The Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii-Arthroderma simii group consists of A. vanbreuseghemii, A. simii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes isolates from humans, T. mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum, Trichophyton tonsurans, and Trichophyton schoenleinii. Arthroderma benhamiae, T. mentagrophytes var. erinacei, and Trichophyton verrucosum are members of the Arthroderma benhamiae group. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton violaceum form the T. rubrum group. This suggests that these "species" of dermatophytes have been overclassified. The ITS1 sequences of 11 clinical isolates were also determined to identify the species, and all strains were successfully identified by comparison of their base sequences with those in the ITS1 DNA sequence database.
Increased Excitability and Inward Rectification in Layer V Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in the Epileptic Mutant Mouse<i>Stargazer</i> (1997)

The excitability of layer V cortical pyramidal neurons was studied in vitro in the single-locus mutant mouse stargazer (stg), a genetic model of spike wave epilepsy. Field recordings in neocortical slices from mutant mice bathed in artificial cerebrospinal fluid revealed spontaneous synchronous network discharges that were never present in wild-type slices. Intracellular and whole cell recordings from stg/stg neurons in deep layers showed spontaneous giant depolarizing excitatory post-synaptic potentials generating bursts of action potentials, and a 78% reduction in the afterburst hyperpolarization. Whole cell recordings revealed gene-linked differences in active membrane properties in two types of regular spiking neurons. Single action potential rise and decay times were reduced, and the rheobase current was decreased by 68% in mutant cells. Plots of spike frequency-current relationships revealed that the gain of this relation was augmented by 29% in the mutant. Comparisons of visually identified pyramidal neurons firing properties in both genotypes revealed no difference in single action potential afterhyperpolarization. Voltage-clamp recordings showed an approximately threefold amplitude increase in a cesium-sensitive inward rectifier. No cell density or soma size differences were observed in the layer V pyramidal neuron population between the two genotypes. These results demonstrate an autonomous increase in cortical network excitability in a genetic epilepsy model. This defect could lower the threshold for aberrant thalamocortical spike wave oscillations in vivo, and may contribute to the mechanism of one form of inherited absence epilepsy.
Convenient Synthesis of 5-Substituted Hydantoins and Rhodanines (1956)

In the course of a synthesis of 5-substituted hydantoin and rhodanine by the condensation of aromatic aldehydes with hydantoin or rhodanine, the usual practice is to use acetic anhydride and glacial acetic acid as a solvent, adding anhydrous sodium acetate, and heating for 0.5 to several hours. However, fusion of a mixture of aromatic aldehyde and hydantoin or rhodanine, with the addition of a small amount of diethanolamine, results in completion of the reaction in a few minutes and the 5-substituted hydantoin or rhodanine is obtained in a good yield.
Environmental factors affecting the expression of type IV pilus genes as well as piliation of<i>Thermus thermophilus</i> (2014)

The thermophilic bacterium Thermus thermophilus HB27 is known for its highly efficient natural transformation system, which has become a model system to study the structure and function of DNA transporter in thermophilic bacteria. The DNA transporter is functionally linked to type IV pili (T4P), which are essential for twitching motility and adhesion to solid surfaces. However, the pilus structures themselves are dispensable for natural transformation. Here, we report that the cellular mRNA levels of the major structural subunit of the T4P, PilA4, are regulated by environmental factors. Growth of T. thermophilus in minimal medium or low temperature (55 °C) leads to a significant increase in pilA4 transcripts. In contrast, the transcript levels of the minor pilin pilA1 as well as other T4P genes are nearly unaffected. The elevated pilA4 mRNA levels are accompanied by an increase in piliation of the cells but not by elevated natural transformation frequencies. Hyperpiliation leads to increased adhesion to plastic surfaces. The increased cell-surface interactions are suggested to represent an adaptive response to temperature stress and may be advantageous for survival of T. thermophilus.
Two‐Step Smectic CA Phase Formation from Isotropic Liquid upon Supercooling in Main‐Chain Liquid‐Crystalline BB‐5(1‐Me) Polyester (2010)

Abstract The mesophase formation process of a main‐chain BB‐5(1‐Me) polyester in the supercooled isotropic‐liquid state has been studied using DSC, WAXD, and optical microscopy. The supercooled isotropic liquid follows two different SmCA formation processes. Above 85 °C, it forms the expected SmCA phase. Below, it yields a metastable SmA phase that displays a layer spacing almost twice the one of the SmCA phase. The SmA phase develops from a homogeneous nucleation followed by 3D growth and thereafter transforms to the SmCA phase. This two‐step SmCA formation involves a change in polymer chain configuration: first, the chains are folded in each two units to form the SmA phase and then they stretch to achieve the characteristic zigzag arrangement of the mesogens in the SmCA phase. magnified image
Single-target magnetron sputter deposition of high-<i>T</i> <i>c</i> superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films (1988)

Single-target RF magnetron sputtering was used to deposit superconducting thin films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O with a Tc0 above 80 K. Varying PO2 modified the concentrations of Bi, Cu, and O in the films by 10%–20%. Higher annealing temperatures, especially with brief melting, favored the formation of the higher Tc phases. Tetragonal phases (6- and 75-K Tc ), with a=3.8097 Å, c=24.607 Å, and Bi2 Sr2 CuO6 composition, and a=3.812 Å, c=30.66 Å, and Bi2 Sr2−x Ca1+x Cu2 O8 composition, were identified. 70–84 K films contained large proportions of a new tetragonal phase, with a=3.81 Å and c=55.23 Å.