gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of heat release in a turbulent, reacting shear layer (1989)

Experiments were conducted to study the effects of heat release in a planar, gas-phase, reacting mixing layer formed between two free streams, one containing hydrogen in an inert diluent, the other, fluorine in an inert diluent. Sufficiently high concentrations of reactants were utilized to produce adiabatic flame temperature rises of up to 940 K (corresponding to 1240 K absolute). The temperature field was measured at eight fixed points across the layer. Flow visualization was accomplished by schlieren spark and motion picture photography. Mean velocity information was extracted from Pitot-probe dynamic pressure measurements. The results showed that the growth rate of the layer, for conditions of zero streamwise pressure gradient, decreased slightly with increasing heat release. The overall entrainment into the layer was substantially reduced as a consequence of heat release. A posteriori calculations suggest that the decrease in layer growth rate is consistent with a corresponding reduction in turbulent shear stress. Large-scale coherent structures were observed at all levels of heat release in this investigation. The mean structure spacing decreased with increasing temperature. This decrease was more than the corresponding decrease in shear-layer growth rate, and suggests that the mechanisms of vortex amalgamation are, in some manner, inhibited by heat release. The mean temperature rise profiles, normalized by the adiabatic flame temperature rise, were not greatly changed in shape over the range of heat release of this investigation. A small decrease in normalized mean temperature rise with heat release was however observed. Imposition of a favourable pressure gradient in a mixing layer with heat release resulted in an additional decrease in layer growth rate, and caused only a very slight increase in the mixing and amount of chemical product formation. The additional decrease in layer growth rate is shown to be accounted for in terms of the change in free-stream velocity ratio induced by the pressure gradient.
Differences detected in vivo between samples of aflatoxincontaminated peanut meal, following decontamination by two ammonia-based processes (2001)

A sample of peanut meal, highly contaminated with aflatoxins, has been subjected to decontamination by two commercial ammonia-based processes. The original contaminated and the two decontaminated meals were fed to rats for 90 days. No lesions associated with aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis were detected histologically following feeding with the two detoxified meals. There were, however, clear differences between the two meals in respect of growth rates of the rats. In addition, feeding one of the detoxified meals resulted in hepatic abnormalities detected using novel immunohistochemical reagents. Differences between the two detoxified meals were also indicated by the results of studies using meals 'spiked' with [14C]-aflatoxin B1 prior to being subjected to the detoxification processes. The meals differed in the bioavailability of the label. It was concluded that peanut meal where an initial, unacceptable level of contamination with aflatoxins had been reduced by two ammonia-based processes to comparable, acceptable levels, may still have different effects in vivo when incorporated into animal diets.
Optical Phase Conjugation for Removing Small Space Debris (2016)

Small space debris removal using phase conjugate light (PCL) was proposed. Required PCL energy for deorbiting debris rotating in the low-earth orbit was estimated to be several kilojoules. A flash-lamp pumped Nd:YAG resonator was used as a phase conjugator to achieve a simple-structured, all-optical debris tracking and pointing system. PCL generation was succeeded and its time-reversal property was demonstrated. Introducing MOPA system was discussed to be an effective way to increase PCL energy without losing beam quality.
Rough-Rice Breakage in Relation to Kernel Thickness for Hand- and Combine-Harvested Rice (1981)

ABSTRACT FIVE lots of Starbonnet rough rice harvested both by hand and by combine were dried under ambient con-ditions and separated into four fractions according to the thickness of the kernels. The distribution of kennel thicknesses was related to the moisture content of the rice at harvest. X-ray photographs were used to detect cracked and broken kernels in the rough rice. In both the hand- and the combine-harvested samples, the thickest and thinnest grain had higher percentages of cracked and broken kernels than did kernels of itermediate thickness.
Failure Analysis of Rapid Prototyped Tooling in Sheet Metal Forming—Cylindrical Cup Drawing (2005)

This paper presents a failure analysis of cylindrical cup drawing dies machined from a polymer composite rapid tooling material. Cup drawing is a complicated process, involving both bending and stretching. In this study, possible die failure modes are identified experimentally. Finite element analyses (FEA) are performed to obtain the stress–strain responses, which are used to determine the dominant failure mode. As cup drawing involves interactions among process parameters, the statistical design of experiments is employed to perform a parametric study. The resulting die failure mode estimation method is verified through experiments.
Increasing dihydrobiopterin causes dysfunction of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in rats in vivo (2011)

An elevation of oxidized forms of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), especially dihydrobiopterin (BH(2)), has been reported in the setting of oxidative stress, such as arteriosclerotic/atherosclerotic disorders, where endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is dysfunctional, but the role of BH(2) in the regulation of eNOS activity in vivo remains to be evaluated. This study was designed to clarify whether increasing BH(2) concentration causes endothelial dysfunction in rats. To increase vascular BH(2) levels, the BH(2) precursor sepiapterin (SEP) was intravenously given after the administration of the specific dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor methotrexate (MTX) to block intracellular conversion of BH(2) to BH(4). MTX/SEP treatment did not significantly affect aortic BH(4) levels compared with control treatment. However, MTX/SEP treatment markedly augmented aortic BH(2) levels (291.1 ± 29.2 vs. 33.4 ± 6.4 pmol/g, P < 0.01) in association with moderate hypertension. Treatment with MTX alone did not significantly alter blood pressure or BH(4) levels but decreased the BH(4)-to-BH(2) ratio. Treatment with MTX/SEP, but not with MTX alone, impaired ACh-induced vasodilator and depressor responses compared with the control treatment (both P < 0.05) and also aggravated ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxations (P < 0.05) of isolated aortas without affecting sodium nitroprusside-induced endothelium-independent relaxations. Importantly, MTX/SEP treatment significantly enhanced aortic superoxide production, which was diminished by NOS inhibitor treatment, and the impaired ACh-induced relaxations were reversed with SOD (P < 0.05), suggesting the involvement of eNOS uncoupling. These results indicate, for the first time, that increasing BH(2) causes eNOS dysfunction in vivo even in the absence of BH(4) deficiency, demonstrating a novel insight into the regulation of endothelial function.
Adsorption of molybdate on nano-ball allophane. (2000)

Adsorption behavior of Mo (Na 2 MoO 4 ) on three nano-ball shaped allophane samples was different between lower (up to 0.1 mM) and higher (0.2 to 1.6 mM) Mo concentrations. The difference may be due to chemical species of Mo in solution: at lower concentration, Mo exists as monomeric H 2 MoO 4 , HMoO 4 - and MoO 4 2- , and at higher concentrations as polymeric forms. The monomeric molybdate species, especially the anionic species, had very strong affinity for the allophane at lower pH where the allophane had much surface positive charge and essentially no negative charge. All of the molybdate added at equilibrium pH 3.7 to 3.9 and initial concentration up to 0.1 mM, 200 mmol kg -1 , was adsorbed on allophane samples with lower Si/Al ratio. With increasing pH, the affinity or amount of adsorption decreased markedly. At equilibrium pH near 5, adsorption isotherm was Langmuir type, whereas at higher pH such as 6 or 8 the isotherm was linear or Freundlich type. The strong interaction between molybdate anion and positively charged allophane was concluded as electrostatic one followed by ligand exchange reaction between Mo-O - and aluminol groups. At higher Mo concentrations, more than 0.2 mM, shape of the isotherms were linear indicating further polymerization reaction on the allophane surfaces, and partial destruction of allophane structure was observed as Si and Al release with the adsorption.
Contributions to an ultra-high temperature (250°C/500°F) bearingless pump (2015)

The semiconductor industry demands for pumps which handle aggressive fluids at very high temperatures, as this is an important step towards higher process speeds and increased yield in semiconductor etching applications. This paper presents the thermal, electrical and mechanical design of a bearingless pump for operating temperatures of up to 250 °C without active cooling. A detailed thermal analysis of the machine is presented which allows for the prediction of the thermal stress of critical components. The machine design is based on the prediction of the internal temperatures and hydraulic specifications of the pump. Furthermore, a hallsensorless, observer-based, control of the rotor angle is presented. The necessity for this control scheme arises from the high temperatures that prevent the usage of conventional angle measurement systems.
Consensus embedding: theory, algorithms and application to segmentation and classification of biomedical data (2012)

We have presented a novel framework termed consensus embedding which leverages ensemble classification theory within dimensionality reduction, allowing for application to a wide range of high-dimensional biomedical data classification and segmentation problems. Our generalizable framework allows for improved representation and classification in the context of both imaging and non-imaging data. The algorithm offers a promising solution to problems that currently plague DR methods, and may allow for extension to other areas of biomedical data analysis.
Design of a continuous-flow reactor for <i>in situ</i> x-ray absorption spectroscopy of solids in supercritical fluids (2012)

This paper presents the design and performance of a novel high-temperature and high-pressure continuous-flow reactor, which allows for x-ray absorption spectroscopy or diffraction in supercritical water and other fluids under high pressure and temperature. The in situ cell consists of a tube of sintered, polycrystalline aluminum nitride, which is tolerant to corrosive chemical media, and was designed to be stable at temperatures up to 500 °C and pressures up to 30 MPa. The performance of the reactor is demonstrated by the measurement of extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectra of a carbon-supported ruthenium catalyst during the continuous hydrothermal gasification of ethanol in supercritical water at 400 °C and 24 MPa.
Optical rings: a large number of gravitational lenses? (1992)

We propose that a large number of gravitationally lensed rings should be observable in the optical. We argue that the probability of forming a ring is likely to be similar for optical and radio sources. The number of optical rings in the sky can then be estimated from the rate of occurrence of rings in radio sources, and the observed number of optical sources. This gives ∼ 100 optical rings per square degree, or a few million over the whole sky, to a magnitude limit of B = 26. Most of the rings should be substantially bluer than the foreground lenses, allowing them to be detected with multicolor imaging. The discovery of optical rings could reveal a large number of new lensing systems, studies of which could investigate the mass distribution in the lenses, the structure of the background sources, and time delays if the background galaxy contains an active nucleus or supernovae.
Water-soluble sulfonated melamine–oxytriazine resins: Synthesis and properties as dispersants (1988)

Oxytriazine impurities are frequently considered as undesirable compounds in the production of melamine resins. In this study, we have determined the reaction conditions required for preparing water-soluble sulfonated melamine–oxytriazines formaldehyde resins using a four-step process involving cycling of temperature and pH to avoid gelation of the resins. The properties of the prepared resins as dispersants for cement mortars and concrete mixes were examined, and the products were found to be slightly inferior to comparable resins prepared from pure melamine.
Trifluoroethanol induces the self‐association of specific amphipathic peptides (1997)

We have examined the effect of trifluoroethanol (TFE) on the solution behaviour of three amphipathic peptides. One of the peptides, containing three heptad repeat units (Ac-YS-(AKEAAKE)3GAR-NH2), remained monomeric under conditions where TFE induced a two-state transition from a random coil to an alpha-helix. In contrast, the TFE-induced alpha-helical formation of two peptides derived from human apolipoproteins C-II and E was accompanied by the formation of discrete dimers and trimers, respectively. The apolipoprotein C-II peptide further aggregated to form beta-sheet at higher concentrations of TFE (50% v/v). The results suggest a class of peptides capable of discrete self-association in the presence of cosolvents which favour intramolecular hydrogen bonding.
Role of adrenomedullin in mediating water reabsorption in rat inner medullary collecting ducts (2019)

Adrenomedullin (ADM) increases water permeability in the inner medullary collecting duct by mediating aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) phosphorylation. It is generally considered to be a backup system for vasopressin. We investigated whether adrenomedullin stimulates osmotic water permeability through cAMP and/or protein kinase A (PKA). RNA sequencing and western analysis showed that ADM and its receptors, calcitonin‐receptor‐like receptor (CRLR) and receptor‐activity‐modifying proteins 2 or 3 (RAMP2 or RAMP3) are highly expressed in the inner medullary collecting ducts of control rats. No mRNA expression was seen for RAMP1. We measured water permeability in inner medullary collecting ducts of rats by tubule perfusion with and without treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast or the PKA inhibitor H89. ADM significantly increased osmotic water permeability from 251.4 ± 58.1 to 383.4 ± 73.2 μm/s (n=4, p<0.05). Roflumilast (30nM) further increased ADM‐stimulated osmotic water permeability to 472.7 ± 84.9 μm/s (n=4, p<0.05). Inhibition of PKA by H89 decreased ADM‐stimulated osmotic water permeability from 225.4 ± 57.3 to 179.7 ± 49.6 μm/s (n=3, p<0.05). Western analysis with phospho‐specific antibody showed that ADM significantly increased phosphorylation of AQP2 at serine 256 and decreased phosphorylation of AQP2 at serine 261. We conclude that ADM and its receptors are expressed in inner medulla and that the mechanism of ADM stimulation of water reabsorption involves cAMP and activation of PKA. Further, our results suggest that ADM may represent a complimentary method for vasopressin in regulating water homeostasis. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by Emory URC grant 00067457, and AHA Career Development Grant #18CDA34060053. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Staging of NSCLC with PET/MR and PET/CT (2015)

231 Objectives To compare the diagnostic accuracy of whole-body PET/MR with that of whole-body PET/CT in determining the stage non-small-cell lung cancer. Methods In this prospective study, sequential whole-body FDG-PET/CT-MR was performed in 40 patients (median age 65years (range 39-85), 12 females, 28 males) with suspected or proven NSCLC. MR (LAVA, STIR, Propeller) was acquired, matching the acquisition time of PET (15 minutes). PET alone, PET/CT and PET/MR were evaluated separately, and a tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage was assigned based upon the image analysis. Nodal stations were identified according to the mapping system of the American Thoracic Society. The standard of reference was histopathology for tumor and nodal stage in 17 patients, and follow-up with imaging in 23 patients. Distant metastases were either confirmed by histopathology or by follow-up with imaging. The staging classification was rated as correct (score of 2), equivocal (score of 1), or incorrect (score of 0). Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare PET/CT and PET/MR. Results Eight patients were excluded because histopathology revealed SCLC or non-neoplastic lung lesions. The T/N/M staging classification by PET/MR was correct in 20 patients (63%) / 22 (69%) / 24 (75%), equivocal in 2 patients (6%) / 2 (6%) / 0 (0%), and incorrect in 10 patients (31%) / 8 (25%) / 8 (25%). The T/N/M staging classification by PET/CT was correct in 22 patients (69%) / 19 (59%) / 20 (63%), equivocal in 1 patient (3%) / 4 (13%) / 5 (16%), and incorrect in 9 patients (28%) / 9 (28%) / 7 (22%). Consistently, TNM staging was of equal accuracy with PET/MR and PET/CT (T: p=0.633, N: p=0.465, M: p=0.672). Results were similar within the subgroup with histopathology as standard of reference. Conclusions Whole-body staging with PET/MR with 15 min acquisition time yields equal diagnostic accuracy compared with PET/CT in patients with NSCLC. Lung cancer patients may be effectively staged with PET/MR which is not more time-consuming than PET/CT.
Analysis and Classification of Swallowing Sounds Using Reconstructed Phase Space Features (2006)

The paper presents a quantitative analysis of swallowing sounds in normal and dysphagic subjects based on nonlinear dynamics metric tools. In addition, an automated method is proposed to identify patients at risk of dysphagia. Multidimensional phase space representation of the swallowing sound was reconstructed using Takens method of delays. Rosenstein and false nearest neighbor (FNN) methods were employed to evaluate the optimum time delay and proper embedding dimension, respectively. A Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm was utilized to calculate the correlation dimension as a measure of the complexity of the reconstructed attractor. The analysis demonstrated the low-dimensional dynamic characteristics of normal and dysphagic swallowing sounds. The optimum time delay and correlation dimension of the opening and transmission phases of swallowing sounds were used as features for a 3-nearest neighbor classifier to identify individuals at risk of dysphagia. The method was applied to tracheal sound recordings of 15 healthy subjects and 11 patients with some degree of dysphagia. The algorithm was able to classify 83% of swallows correctly. Finally, a screening algorithm was used which correctly classified 24 out of 26 subjects. This study suggests that nonlinear analysis is a promising tool for quantitative analysis of swallowing sounds and swallowing disorders.
Development of a Compressive Spectral Testbed based on Thin-film Color-patterned Filter Array (2016)

We report on the development of a compressive spectral imaging system based on thin-film colored patterned filter array. This array is designed and built by micrometer size thin-films with different cut-off wavelengths, and it is used as the coding element, thus permitting to attain spatial and spectral coding in a single step.
Size of knots in ring polymers (2007)

We give two different, statistically consistent definitions of the length l of a prime knot tied into a polymer ring. In the good solvent regime the polymer is modeled by a self avoiding polygon of N steps on cubic lattice and l is the number of steps over which the knot "spreads" in a given configuration. An analysis of extensive Monte Carlo data in equilibrium shows that the probability distribution of l as a function of N obeys a scaling of the form p(l,N) approximately l(-c)f(l/N(D)) , with c approximately equal to 1.25 and D approximately equal to 1. Both D and c could be independent of knot type. As a consequence, the knot is weakly localized, i.e., <l> approximately N(t) , with t=2-c approximately equal to 0.75 . For a ring with fixed knot type, weak localization implies the existence of a peculiar characteristic length l(nu) approximately N(tnu) . In the scaling approximately N(nu) (nu approximately equal to 0.58) of the radius of gyration of the whole ring, this length determines a leading power law correction which is much stronger than that found in the case of unrestricted topology. The existence of this correction is confirmed by an analysis of extensive Monte Carlo data for the radius of gyration. The collapsed regime is studied by introducing in the model sufficiently strong attractive interactions for nearest neighbor sites visited by the self-avoiding polygon. In this regime knot length determinations can be based on the entropic competition between two knotted loops separated by a slip link. These measurements enable us to conclude that each knot is delocalized (t approximately equal to 1) .
CMMI for Services: Guidelines for Superior Service (2009)

Blood group genotyping is particularly useful for poly-transfused patients. Molecular analysis confirms and extends serological test data and then allows us to obtain a better match. This molecular assay can be used in the future to prevent alloimmunization in transfusion-dependent patients.
Rich Linguistic Features for Translation Memory-Inspired Consistent Translation (2011)

We improve translation memory (TM)inspired consistent phrase-based statistical machine translation (PB-SMT) using rich linguistic information including lexical, part-of-speech, dependency, and semantic role features to predict whether a TM-derived sub-segment should constrain PB-SMT translation. Besides better translation consistency, for English-to-Chinese Symantec TMs we report a 1.01 BLEU point improvement over a regular state-of-the-art PB-SMT system, and a 0.45 BLEU point improvement over a TM-constrained PB-SMT system without access to rich linguistic information, both statistically significant (p &lt;0.01). We analyze the system output and summarize the benefits of using linguistic annotations to characterise the nature of translation consistency. 1
Autologous Transplantation of Endothelial Progenitor Cells Genetically Modified by Adeno-Associated Viral Vector Delivering Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Gene After Myocardial Infarction (2010)

The regenerative potential of bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has been adapted for the treatment of myocardial and limb ischemia via ex vivo expansion. We sought to enhance EPC function by the efficient genetic modification of EPCs in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Peripheral blood EPCs were expanded and transduced, using adeno-associated virus (AAV). AAV-mediated EPC transduction efficacy was 23 ± 1.2%, which was improved by 4.0- to 7.2-fold after pretreatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. Adult rats (n = 7 in each group) underwent myocardial infarction by left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion, and received autologous EPCs transduced by AAV-IGF-1 or AAV-lacZ into the periinfarct area. Echocardiography demonstrated that cardiac function in the IGF-1-EPC group was significantly improved compared with the lacZ-EPC control group 12 weeks after myocardial infarction. In addition, IGF-1-expressing EPCs led to reduced cardiac apoptosis, increased cardiomyocyte proliferation, and increased numbers of capillaries in the periinfarct area. AAV expression was limited to the targeted heart region only. Pretreatment with genistein markedly improved AAV transduction of EPCs. IGF-1-expressing EPCs exhibit favorable cell-protective effects with tissue-limited expression in rat heart postinfarction.