gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Speed AFM and NanoInfrared Spectroscopy Investigation of Aβ1–42 Peptide Variants and Their Interaction With POPC/SM/Chol/GM1 Model Membranes (2020)

Due to an aging population, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have become a major health issue. In the case of AD, Aβ<sub>1</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>42</sub> peptides have been identified as one of the markers of the disease with the formation of senile plaques via their aggregation, and could play a role in memory impairment and other tragic syndromes associated with the disease. Many studies have shown that not only the morphology and structure of Aβ<sub>1</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>42</sub> peptide assembly are playing an important role in the formation of amyloid plaques, but also the interactions between Aβ<sub>1</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>42</sub> and the cellular membrane are crucial regarding the aggregation processes and toxicity of the amyloid peptides. Despite the increasing amount of information on AD associated amyloids and their toxicity, the molecular mechanisms involved still remain unclear and require in-depth investigation at the local scale to clearly decipher the role of the sequence of the amyloid peptides, of their secondary structures, of their oligomeric states, and of their interactions with lipid membranes. In this original study, through the use of Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) related-techniques, high-speed AFM and nanoInfrared AFM, we tried to unravel at the nanoscale the link between aggregation state, structure and interaction with membranes in the amyloid/membrane interaction. Using three mutants of Aβ peptides, L34T, oG37C, and WT Aβ<sub>1</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>42</sub> peptides, with differences in morphology, structure and assembly process, as well as model lipidic membranes whose composition and structure allow interactions with the peptides, our AFM study coupling high spatial and temporal resolution and nanoscale structure information clearly evidences a local correlation between the secondary structure of the peptides, their fibrillization kinetics and their interactions with model membranes. Membrane disruption is associated to small transient oligomeric entities in the early stages of aggregation that strongly interact with the membrane, and present an antiparallel β-sheet secondary structure. The strong effect on membrane integrity that exists when these oligomeric Aβ<sub>1</sub> <sub>-</sub> <sub>42</sub> peptides interact with membranes of a particular composition could be a lead for therapeutic studies.
Polymorphism of HLA‐B27 in Taiwanese Chinese (2004)

Heterogeneity of HLA-B27 is represented by a family of 24 closely related alleles/subtypes. Frequency and disease association of these alleles with spondyloarthropathies differ among ethnic groups. Accurate investigation of frequencies of alleles is often hindered by the size and demographic region of sample tested. With an ever-increasing number of B27 alleles being discovered, it is becoming imperative to establish disease association of each individual alleles and its biological importance. In a large number of normal healthy Taiwanese Chinese individuals (75,777) tested nationally, over a period of five years, in a single immunogenetics centre, we found additional B27 subtypes not revealed in a previous Taiwanese Chinese population study. The subtypes found in Taiwanese Chinese and the frequencies of each of the subtypes are reported.
The Cell Division Cycle Puts Up with Unprotected Telomeres: Cell Cycle Regulated Telomere Uncapping as a Means to Achieve Telomere Homeostasis (2007)

Telomeres have unique properties that distinguish natural chromosomal ends from accidental DNA double-strand interruptions arising elsewhere in the genome. However, the slightest perturbation in their unique organization may obliterate this distinction, channelling chromosomal ends into unwarranted repair events, eventually causing genome instability. Recent results revealed that the processing of both dysfunctional telomeres and accidental DNA double strand breaks (DSB) by DNA repair activities is tightly regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner by the S phase-promoting cell cycle kinase CDK1 (Clb-Cdc28p). Surprisingly, the cell cycle determinants and the timing of processing at unprotected telomeres closely match the requirements of other transactions that occur at telomeres. In particular, the replenishment of telomeric repeats by telomerase is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and occurs in the same interval. Furthermore, cell survival in the absence of essential telomeric proteins being dependent on telomere-telomere recombination mechanisms may require a similar regulation. Thus, a temporally limited state of telomere dysfunction leading to chromosome end processing may represent a well-governed cell cycle event that constitutes an integral part of the assembly of a new functional telomere.
PROCESSING LEACH SOLUTIONS FROM PYROSULFATE FUSIONS OF SALVAGE RESIDUES FOR THE RECOVERY OF TUBALLOY URANIUM (1946)

Two methods are presented for the elimination of sulfate and second group interferences in the extraction of tuballoy from residues which have been processed by the pyrosulfate fusion method, 10 Sulfate ion is precipitated and separated as CuSO^ by saturat ing the leach solutions with CuCNOo^ before extraction with dibutyl carbitolo 2c Tuballoy is separated from second group elements by pre cipitation with H2S, and from sulfate by a double pre cipitation with NaOH prior to dibutyl carbitol extraction, Advantages claimed for the first method are: < t No residue remains to be reworked.No effluent is discarded except the final raffinate.The copper sulfate may be converted to copper nitrate * and recycled.
Thermochemical Nitridation of Microporous Silica Films in Ammonia (1987)

Microporous silicon dioxide thin Films were deposited on silicon substrates from a solution of tetraethoxysilane, ethanol, and water. These were converted to dense oxynitrides through a high‐temperature reaction with ammonia. The ammonia treatments yielded amorphous, compositionally homogeneous films with overall nitrogen contents ranging up to 40 mol%. For ammonia treatments below 800°C, nitrogen was incorporated into the films as an amine species, whereas higher temperature treatments produced a nitride material.
Vinylkationen, 38. Synthese und Solvolyse 3‐substituierter 1‐Cyclobutenyl‐nonaflate (1982)

Abstract 3‐Methyl‐ ( 8a ) und 3‐Cyclopropyl‐1‐cyclobutenyl‐nonaflat ( 8b ) sowie 2‐Cyclopropyl‐1‐cyclobutenyl‐nonaflat ( 12 ) und das unsubstituierte 1‐Cyclobutenyl‐nonaflat ( 3 ) wurden aus den entsprechenden Cyclobutanonen und Nonafluorbutansulfonsäureanhydrid ( 10 ) synthetisiert. Die Geschwindigkeitskonstanten und Produktzusammensetzungen der Solvolysen in Trifluorethanol und Trifluorethanol/Wasser‐Gemischen wurden ermittelt. Alle 1‐Cyclobutenyl‐nonaflate solvolysieren nach einem S N 1‐Mechanismus über das nichtklassische 1‐Cyclobutenyl‐Kation als Zwischenstufe, das durch die Substituenten in 3‐Stellung zusätzlich stabilisiert wird.
Low complexity iterative receiver for linear precoded MIMO systems (2004)

In a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) context, we present, in this paper, a Space-Time Bit Interleaved Coded Modulation (STBICM) system combined with a spacetime spreader called linear precoding. We propose a practical low-complexity receiver structure performing iteratively space-time detection and channel decoding. The novelty lies in the linearity of the space-time detector which consists of an MMSE MIMO PSIC equalizer and a linear deprecoder. Spectral efficiency and diversity can easily be tuned while keeping feasible receiver. In the case of independent flat Rayleigh fading, simulation results show that such system exploits both spatial diversity and capacity provided by the multi antenna system.
Click Reactions and Boronic Acids: Applications, Issues, and Potential Solutions (2010)

Boronic acids have been widely used in a wide range of organic reactions, in the preparation of sensors for carbohydrates, and as potential pharmaceutical agents. With the growing importance of click reactions, inevitably they are also applied to the synthesis of compounds containing the boronic acid moiety. However, such applications have unique problems. Chief among them is the issue of copper-mediated boronic acid degradation in copper-assisted [2,3]-cycloadditions involving an alkyne and an azido compound as the starting materials. This review summarizes recent developments, analyzes potential issues, and discusses known as well as possible solutions.
ChemInform Abstract: REMARKABLE DEPENDENCY OF REGIOSELECTIVITY ON THE CATALYST METAL SPECIES IN THE HYDROFORMYLATION OF TRIFLUOROPROPENE AND PENTAFLUOROSTYRENE (1982)

Abstract Die Titelreaktion der Olefine (I) bei 80‐100°C und 80‐130 at führt überwiegend zu den Aldehyden (II) und (III), wobei das Produktverhältnis (III)/(II) in der angegebenen Reihenfolge der Katalysatoren (Kat) ansteigt.
XUV wide field camera for ROSAT (1990)

The ROSAT project is an international collaboration between the Federal Republic of Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The satellite, due to be launched in June 1990, carries a payload of two coaligned imaging telescopes: the German X-Ray Telescope (XRT), which operates in the soft x-ray band (0.1 to 2 keV or 6 to 100 A), and the UK Wide Field Camera (WFC), which operates in the XUV band (0.02 to 0.2 keV or 60 to 600 A). ROSAT will perform two main tasks in its anticipated two to four year lifetime: a six-month all-sky survey in the soft x ray and XUV bands followed by a program of pointed observations for detailed studies of thousands of individual targets. In this paper we review the design and performance of the WFC. The instrument is a grazing incidence telescope comprising a set of three nested, Wolter-Schwarzschild Type I, gold-coated aluminum mirrors with a microchannel plate detector at their common focus. Thin plastic and metal film filters define the wavelength passbands.
The Core of the Matter: Analyzing Malicious Traffic in Cellular Carriers. (2013)

Much of the attention surrounding mobile malware has focused on the in-depth analysis of malicious applications. While bringing the community valuable information about the methods used and data targeted by malware writers, such work has not yet been able to quantify the prevalence with which mobile devices are actually infected. In this paper, we present the first such attempt through a study of the hosting infrastructure used by mobile applications. Using DNS traffic collected over the course of three months from a major US cellular provider as well as a major US noncellular Internet service provider, we identify the DNS domains looked up by mobile applications, and analyze information related to the Internet hosts pointed to by these domains. We make several important observations. The mobile malware found by the research community thus far appears in a minuscule number of devices in the network: 3,492 out of over 380 million (less than 0.0009%) observed during the course of our analysis. This result lends credence to the argument that, while not perfect, mobile application markets are currently providing adequate security for the majority of mobile device users. Second, we find that users of iOS devices are virtually identically as likely to communicate with known low reputation domains as the owners of other mobile platforms, calling into question the conventional wisdom of one platform demonstrably providing greater security than another. Finally, we observe two malware campaigns from the upper levels of the DNS hierarchy and analyze the lifetimes and network properties of these threats. We also note that one of these campaigns ceases to operate long before the malware associated with it is discovered suggesting that network-based countermeasures may be useful in the identification and mitigation of future threats.
Clinical applications of bovine colostrum therapy: a systematic review (2014)

Bovine colostrum, the first milk that cows produce after parturition, contains high levels of growth factors and immunomodulatory components. Some healthy and diseased individuals may gain health benefits by consuming bovine colostrum as a food supplement. This review provides a systematic, critical evaluation of the current state of knowledge in this area. Fifty-one eligible studies were identified from the following databases: Medline, Embase, Global Health, the Cochrane Library, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Studies were heterogeneous with regard to populations, outcomes, and methodological quality, as judged by the Jadad assessment tool. Many studies used surrogate markers to study the effects of bovine colostrum. Studies suggesting clinical benefits of colostrum supplementation were generally of poor methodological quality, and results could not be confirmed by other investigators. Bovine colostrum may provide gastrointestinal and immunological benefits, but further studies are required before recommendations can be made for clinical application. Animal models may help researchers to better understand the mechanisms of bovine colostrum supplementation, the dosage regimens required to obtain clinical benefits, and the optimal methods for testing these effects in humans.
Method for the genetic labeling of cryptic plasmids (1978)

A recently developed method for detecting transposition was employed to genetically "label" conjugative plasmids such as F and Ent P307, which do not normally exhibit a readily identifiable phenotype.
First Cryptand-Like Calixpyrrole:  Synthesis, X-ray Structure, and Anion Binding Properties of a Bicyclic[3,3,3]nonapyrrole (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFirst Cryptand-Like Calixpyrrole: Synthesis, X-ray Structure, and Anion Binding Properties of a Bicyclic[3,3,3]nonapyrroleChristophe Bucher, Rebecca S. Zimmerman, Vincent Lynch, and Jonathan L. SesslerView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology University of Texas at Austin Austin, Texas 78712-1167 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 39, 9716–9717Publication Date (Web):September 7, 2001Publication History Received16 July 2001Published online7 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016629zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016629zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1643Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Ethers,Molecules,Pyrroles,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Effects of A and B Wolbachia and Host Genotype on Interspecies Cytoplasmic Incompatibility in Nasonia (1998)

Wolbachia endosymbionts cause postmating reproductive isolation between the sibling species Nasonia vitripennis and N. giraulti. Most Nasonia are doubly infected with a representative from each of the two major Wolbachia groups (A and B). This study investigates the role of single (A or B) and double (A and B) Wolbachia infections in interspecies cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) and host genomic influences on the incompatibility phenotype. Results show that the single A Wolbachia harbored in N. vitripennis (wAv) is bidirectionally incompatible with the single A Wolbachia harbored in N. giraulti (wAg). Results also indirectly show that the N. vitripennis wBv is bidirectionally incompatible with the N. giraulti wBg. The findings support current phylogenetic evidence that suggests these single infections have independent origins and were acquired via horizontal transfer. The wAv Wolbachia expresses partial CI in the N. vitripennis nuclear background. However, following genomic replacement by introgression, wAv expresses complete CI in the N. giraulti background and remains bidirectionally incompatible with wAg. Results show that double infections can reinforce interspecies reproductive isolation through the addition of incompatibility types and indicate that the host genome can influence incompatibility levels. This study has implications for host-symbiont coevolution and the role of Wolbachia in speciation.
Quo vadis? Cancer moonshot for global oncology (2017)

The material presented in this book is at the cutting-edge of global oncology and provides highly illuminating examples, addresses frequently asked questions, and provides information and a reference for future work in global oncology care, research, education, and outreach.
Mutations in<i>EDARADD</i>account for a small proportion of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia cases (2010)

Our study demonstrates that EDARADD mutations are not a frequent cause of HED, while mutations in TRAF6, TAB2 and TAK1 may not be implicated in this disease.
Recent advances in LPE GaAs-based solar cells (1984)

Several modifications were made to an infinite solution liquid phase epitaxy system that help fabricate both GaAs-based cells and thin cells that effectively reduce power-to-weight ratio for space applications. The most important development is the multiwell crucible for multilayer growth. Using a split crucible in one system, as many as five layers were grown in succession with varying Al levels and dopants. The structures grown were used to produce thin GaAs cells only 10 to 20 microns thick and also to grow cascade cell components. Results of these studies are presented and their applications to the future development of GaAs-based cells are discussed.
Selective signal cancellation for multiple-listener audio applications: an information theory approach (2002)

Selectively cancelling signals at specific locations within an acoustical environment with multiple listeners is of significant importance for home theater, teleconferencing, office, industrial and other applications. The traditional noise cancellation approach is impractical for such applications because it requires sensors that must be placed on the listeners. We propose an alternative method to minimize signal power in a given location and maximize signal power in another location of interest. A key advantage of this approach would be the need to eliminate sensors. We investigate the use of an information theoretic criterion known as mutual information to design filter coefficients that selectively cancel a signal in one audio channel, and transmit it in another (complementary) channel. Our results show an improvement in power gain at one location in the room relative to the other.
STRESS RESPONSE TO A 50K NORDIC SKI RACE (2002)

PURPOSE: Cross-country ski racing requires use of nearly all of the body's muscle mass. There is very limited information on the physiologic responses to exhaustive cross country ski-racing in the elite athletes. Marathon racing has been described in terms of the stress response(Nieman et al 1989). Therfore the purpose of the study was to examine the leukocyte and hormonal responses to a 50K World Cup SKI-race and compare them to studies where a lower % of total muscle mass is involved. METHODS: 10 elite male crosscountry skiers(age23–32 years, VO2max 81–92ml/kg/min)were recrutied. They followed usual pre-race routines. During the 50K race all the athletes drank 1.0–1–5 L of CHO-electrolyte sports drink. Venous blood samples were taken pre and immeditaly post race. Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: From pre race to post race numbers of leukocytes (3X), granulocytes (5X), lympohocytes, NK cells (1.5X), B-cells were significantly increased. Hemoglobin monocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells were unchanged. Significant increases in EPI (10X, NE (5X), cort (2X), GH (22X), GLU (1.5X), and FFA (3X) were observed. Testosterone levels were unchanged while insulin concentration decreased. In comparsion to changes observed in marathon racing (an event of similar duration), the changes in this study were 2 or 3 times as great. CONCLUSIONS: There is an extremeky lagre stress of response to a 50K cross country ski race which is substantially greater than that observed in marathon running. We speculate that this is due to the greater % of total muscle mass involved in cross-country skiing.
Optical properties of a-plane InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells on r-plane sapphire substrates with different indium compositions (2009)

A -plane InxGa1−xN/GaN (x=0.09, 0.14, 0.24, and 0.3) multiple-quantum-wells (MQWs) samples, with a well width of about 4.5 nm, were achieved by utilizing r-plane sapphire substrates. Optical quality was investigated by means of photoluminescence (PL), cathodoluminescence, and time resolved PL measurements (TRPL). Two distinguishable emission peaks were examined from the low temperature PL spectra, where the high- and low-energy peaks were ascribed to quantum wells and localized states, respectively. Due to an increase in the localized energy states and absence of quantum confined Stark effect, the quantum efficiency was increased with increasing indium composition up to 24%. As the indium composition reached 30%, however, pronounced deterioration in luminescence efficiency was observed. The phenomenon could be attributed to the high defect densities in the MQWs resulted from the increased accumulation of strain between the InGaN well and GaN barrier. This argument was verified from the much shorter carrier lifetime at 15 K and smaller activation energy for In0.3Ga0.7N/GaN MQWs. In addition, the polarization-dependent PL revealed that the degree of polarization decreased with increasing indium compositions because of the enhancement of zero-dimensional nature of the localizing centers. Our detailed investigations indicate that the indium content in a-plane InGaN/GaN MQWs not only has an influence on optical performance, but is also important for further application of nitride semiconductors.
<title>Electron-waveguide transmission resonance at a defect</title> (1990)

We study theoretically the effect of few elastic scatterers on electron transport in the ballistic regime. In laterally confined structures (quasi 1-d or 2-d), resonant transmission peaks occur when total electron energy equals any miniband energy. Unit transmission probability is approached when the scattering defect is small, and far from other scatterers, even if the scatterer is strong enough to decrease significantly the conductance away from resonance. Both numerical and analytical methods are used. Resonances occur for all shapes of confining potential.