gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing the Dairy Processing Sector in Malawi. (2013)

• The low capacity utilisation is a challenge that impacts on average costs. It requires a solution that involves collaboration between processors, the MBGs and milk producers. • Shortcomings in infrastructure for milk processing, storage and collection. For processors these include the unreliability of power supplies; for some MBGs, the absence of adequate milk cooling and storage facilities; for the entire system, the collection of milk from remoter rural areas is hampered by poor roads. • Low milk consumption is a challenge in terms of marketing but there is also an opportunity for market development. This may be aided by a school milk programme, and education programmes on milk hygiene and health benefits. For processors, expansion of their vendor networks and greater use of small pack sizes might be beneficial. • For some processors the cost of investment in new facilities or machinery is a challenge. • The export trade is an opportunity for processors and may well develop further, but this will depend on an expanding milk supply.
Primary bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma in children: Report of a case and review of the literature (1995)

The authors report a case of primary bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) revealed by recurrent pneumonia in an 11-year-old boy. Four years after complete surgical resection followed by external radiotherapy, the patient is currently relapse- and metastasis-free. To our knowledge, this is only the sixth pediatric case of primary bronchogenic SCC reported to date.
<i>t</i>-Butylsulfenic Acid (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTt-Butylsulfenic AcidJ. Reid. Shelton and Kirk E. DavisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3, 718–719Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00979a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00979a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human Rights, International Law and Domestic Courts (2012)

Members of the Faculty, Alumni and Friends of St
Inhibition of Zn<sup>2+</sup>-induced potentiation of twitch tension by Ni<sup>2+</sup> in frog muscle (1986)

Effect of Ni2+ on Zn2+-induced potentiation of twitch tension was studied electrophysiologically in the toe muscle fibers of Rana catesbeiana. The major findings of this investigation are as follows. When 2 mM Ni2+ was applied to fibers in a normal Ringer's solution containing 50 microM Zn2+ (Zn2+ solution), the Zn2+-potentiated twitch tension decreased remarkably to about one-third of that before Ni2+ treatment. This concentration of Ni2+ caused a 23% decrease in the duration of action potential which had been prolonged by Zn2+ (6.61-5.09 ms). Ni2+ (2 mM) added to normal Ringer's solution led to increases of about 30 and 42% in twitch tension and in the duration of action potential, respectively. A slight increase in the mechanical threshold was induced by 2 mM Ni2+. The inhibitory action of Ni2+ on the twitch tension in Zn2+ solution was larger than that in the case of tetanus tension. Diltiazem (40 microM), a Ca2+ channel blocker, did not inhibit the twitch tension potentiated in Zn2+ solution. These results suggest that the decrease in Zn2+-potentiated twitch tension by Ni2+ may possibly derive from impairment of the propagation of action potential along the T tubules.
Flexcracking of polymers (1963)

Abstract Accurate measurement of several types of fatigue failure in polymers was obtained with a flexing machine equipped with an automatic camera. The technique is described at length. Observations made include that an antiozonant interferes with crack initiation, that a crack may well start under the surface, and that in the growth of a crack the elastic force is equivalent to the hysteretic force. Several photographs show aspects of crack initiation.
Reputed autographs of 'Abd al-Raḥmān al-Jabartī and related problems (1965)

It is of great importance to identify the autographs of al-Jabarī (1754–1825/6), 2 as by doing so we shall be able to know whether there were any deliberate changes or omissions by the redactors, editors, and copyists of his works. Moreover, it will be possible to solve many problems created by the calligraphic and copying mistakes of the transcribers, such as homoeoteleuton, homoeoarchy, homoeotopy, dittography, misplacement of diacritical dots ( taṣḥīf ), and other errors, and hence to know his authentic statements and style. This identification might shed a new and powerful light upon the way in which the author compiled his data, and even the sequence in time of their compilation.
Confidence-based reliability and statistical coverage estimation (2002)

In confidence-based reliability measurement, we determine that we are at least C confident that the probability of a program failing is less than or equal to a bound B. The basic results of this approach are reviewed and several additional results are introduced, including the adaptive sampling theorem which shows how confidence can be computed when faults are corrected as they appear in the testing process. Another result shows how to carry out testing in parallel. Some of the problems of statistical testing are discussed and an alternative method for establishing reliability called statistical coverage is introduced. At the cost of making reliability estimates that are relative to a fault model, statistical coverage eliminates the need for output validation during reliability estimation and allows the incorporation of non-statistical testing results into the statistical reliability estimation process. Statistical testing and statistical coverage are compared, and their relationship with traditional reliability growth modeling approaches is briefly discussed.
Mapping the Flip Angle in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using the Accelerated 3D Look-Locker Sequence (2010)

In the ongoing quest to extract more information from MRI images, there has arisen a need to rapidly map the flip angle. This has been primarily driven by the shift to stronger main field strengths, which bring with them improved SNR, but also new difficulties. In particular, the radio frequency field used to excite the magnetization can no longer be assumed uniform at field strengths of 3 Tesla and above. New rapid quantitative imaging techniques, such as DESPOT1 and DESPOT2, rely on accurate knowledge of the flip angle, and while this could safely be assumed to be the prescribed value at 1.5 Tesla, the same can no longer be said at 3 Tesla and above.\nIn this thesis, a new technique for mapping the flip angle in 3D will be introduced. This technique is based on a highly time efficient T1 mapping technique, known as Look-Locker, which was adapted to map the flip angle using either a double angle (DALL) or dual repetition time (DτLL) approach. The technique introduced is capable of producing 3D maps of the flip angle in less than one minute.\nAs part of the development of this flip angle mapping technique, a theoretical framework was developed to allow the optimization of the imaging parameters to achieve the best possible measurement of the flip angle. This framework also made it possible to compare the performance of the Look-Locker approaches to other techniques currently in use, which confirmed that, for imaging times less than one minute, the Look-Locker approach was optimal.\nThis fast imaging led to the development of a new approach to spoiling. While conventional spoiling approaches are optimized for imaging in the steady state, they can lead to significant errors and artefacts if used when sampling the transients of the Look-Locker method, especially with the short repetition times and large flip angles used. A newly developed spoiling technique using randomized RF phase and gradient crusher amplitudes was shown to significantly reduce the deviations from ideally spoiled transients, and thereby reduce the errors associated with the quantitative values derived from them.
Effectiveness of an Oral Contraceptive (1959)

830 patients receiving 1 oral contraceptive tablet/day (10 mg noreth ynodrel plus .15 mg ethinyl estradiol 3-methyl ether) from Cycle Days 5 through 24 were studied for effects upon fertility menstrual phenomena and health. The mean cycle length was 28.6 days. Breakthrough bleeding occurred in only 2% of the cycles. 46% of the cycles showed no change in menstrual flow 48% showed a decrease and 6% showed an increase. Side reactions of nausea headache dizziness vomiting gastralgia and malaise declined to low levels after the 1st cycle. 200 pelvic examinations revealed a normal size involuted postpartum uteri even after 30 or more cycles of treatment an inconsistent change in the amount of cervical erosion and no pathological changes of the adnexae or vagina. Little difference was noted between the efficacy of 10 and 5 mg dosages. Practically 100% contraception occurred when the regimen wa s practiced faithfully. When 1-5 tablets were missed 5 pregnancies/10 0 woman-years occurred and when 6-19 tablets were missed 11 pregnancies/100 woman-years were noted. 32-50% of the patients who withdrew from the regimen did so because of reactions or lack of interes t. No impairment of fertility was noted in either short- or long-term users.
RECOVERY OF ASPHALTENES FROM TAR SAND BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION (2000)

ABSTRACT Many non-oil producing countries are enriched with other sources of energy, for example tar sand, oil shale, coal, biomass, and uranium, that are not fully utilized. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of tar sand was carried out in a batch autoclave at different temperatures. Extracts recovered from SFE were fractionated into oils, asphaltenes, preasphaltenes and gases by solvent extraction. The highest yield) of SFE (24.3 wt % dry basis) from tar sand was obtained with n-pentane/benzene (1/1, v/v’) mixture at 655 K. Comparison of the amount of n-alkanes (C1–C4) evolved at 585 K and 685 K shows that the amount of methane is significantly increased at 685 K whereas the amount of C4 alkane is reduced. At 685 K, hydrogen and methane represent 45·1 vol % of the gases evolved from the SFE. The yields of C1–C3 alkane hydrocarbons were higher for supercritical fluid extracts at 685 K as compared to those obtained at 585 K. The quantity of olefines (C2H4 + C3H6) was found between 5·1 and 10·1 vol %.
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Removes All- <i>Trans</i> Retinol from Frog Rod Photoreceptors in a Concentration-Dependent Manner (2010)

The effectiveness of HP-beta-CD shows that a specialized interaction with the cell membrane is not necessary for the efficient transfer of all-trans retinol between the cell membrane and the carrier. The transfer occurs through a collision-based mechanism, as indicated by the linear increase of the rate of removal with the carrier concentration.
Ink jet printing (1981)

The flexibility and reliability of modern high-speed ink jet printers offer several advantages over conventional printing. The development of the technology could also lead to valuable spin-offs in fields such as dispensing and spray drying.
Payment analysis of total hip replacement (2006)

Purpose of review: Based on current projections, the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons estimates that approximately 750 000 joint-replacement procedures will be performed annually. Total-hip-replacement surgery has been shown to be one of the safest and most effective interventions in medicine, decreasing pain and restoring mobility and function in people with long-term hip disease, or injury. Recent findings: With the reported increases in life expectancy, a large segment of the population will be entering their fifties and sixties over the next decade. Many of these so-called baby-boomers have been physically active through their life and have a strong desire to maintain their current active lifestyles. Demand on these joint-replacement procedures will increase significantly. Between one-third and one-half of all joint-replacement procedures performed in the USA are hip replacements. Summary: It is estimated that over $15 billion per year are spent on hip-replacement surgery in the USA alone. These large outlays of dollars have made this procedure the focus of cost-containment efforts by the government and private payers.
Seeking and Identifying Phyllosilicates on Mars - A Simulation Study (2002)

In a simulation of seeking phyllosilicates on Mars, terrestrial ocean sediments were found to provide high quality Raman spectra of clays with low interfering fluorescence because most organic residues had been converted to graphitic carbon. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
<title>The camera convergence problem revisited</title> (2004)

Convergence of the real or virtual stereoscopic cameras is an important operation in stereoscopic display systems. For example, convergence can shift the range of portrayed depth to improve visual comfort; can adjust the disparity of targets to bring them nearer to the screen and reduce accommodation-vergence conflict; or can bring objects of interest into the binocular field-of-view. Although camera convergence is acknowledged as a useful function, there has been considerable debate over the transformation required. It is well known that rotational camera convergence or 'toe-in' distorts the images in the two cameras producing patterns of horizontal and vertical disparities that can cause problems with fusion of the stereoscopic imagery. Behaviorally, similar retinal vertical disparity patterns are known to correlate with viewing distance and strongly affect perception of stereoscopic shape and depth. There has been little analysis of the implications of recent findings on vertical disparity processing for the design of stereoscopic camera and display systems. We ask how such distortions caused by camera convergence affect the ability to fuse and perceive stereoscopic images.
Structure and Evolution of the Insulin Gene (1985)

We have made rapid progress in recent years in identifying the genetic causes of many human diseases. However, despite this recent progress, our mechanistic understanding of these diseases is often incomplete. This is a problem because it limits our ...Read More
DATABASE SCHEMA INTEGRATION PROCESS { A METHODOLOGY AND ASPECTS OF ITS APPLYING (2006)

Abstract. The paper considers an original approach to the process of integration of complex database schemas. Apart from the proposed theoretical model of the approach, we also developed a CASE tool, named IIS*Case (Integrated Information Systems*Case, R.6.0), which enables its practical application. The basis of the approach aimed at designing and integration of database schemas and the ways of using IIS*Case are outlined. The main functionalities for database schema integration embedded in a new version of IIS*Case, which is developed in Java, are described. IIS*Case supports conceptual modelling of a database schema, generating subschemas and their integration in a relational database schema in 3NF. It is based on a methodology of gradual integration of independently designed subschemas into a database schema. The process of independent subschema design may lead to collisions in expressing the real world constraints. IIS*Case uses specialized algorithms for checking the consistency of constraints embedded in the database schema and subschemas. The paper outlines the process of detecting collisions and possible designer’s actions aimed at their resolving.
Peroxynitrite attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (2000)

In the present study, we examined the effects of peroxynitrite on reperfusion injury using a rat model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (HI/R). The left and median lobes of the liver were subjected to 30 min of ischemia, followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Groups A and B rats were sham-operated controls that received vehicle or peroxynitrite; groups C and D rats were subjected to HI/R and received peroxynitrite or vehicle, respectively. A dose of 2 micromol/kg body wt of peroxynitrite, diluted in saline (pH 9.0, 4 degrees C), was administered as a bolus through a portal vein catheter at 0, 60, and 120 min after reperfusion. Results showed that superoxide generation in the ischemic lobes of the liver and plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity of group C were decreased by 43% and 45%, respectively, compared with group D. Leukocyte accumulations in the ischemic lobes of liver and circulating leukocytes were decreased by 40% and 27%, respectively, in group C vs. D. The ratios of mRNA of P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) mRNA extracted from the ischemic lobes of the liver of group C were decreased compared with group D. There were no differences between the groups A and B in terms of plasma ALT activity, circulating leukocytes, superoxide generation, and leukocyte infiltration in the ischemic lobes of the liver. Moreover, hemodynamic parameters (i.e., mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac index, stroke index, and systemic vascular resistance) were not significantly different among groups B, C, and D. These results suggest that administration of peroxynitrite via the portal vein only has a local effect. Exogenous peroxynitrite at physiological concentrations attenuates leukocyte-endothelial interaction and reduces leukocyte infiltration. The mechanism of the reduction of leukocyte infiltration into ischemic lobes of the liver appears because of decreased expression of mRNA of P-selectin and ICAM-1. The net effect of administration of peroxynitrite may be to reduce adhesion molecule-mediated, leukocyte-dependent reperfusion injury.
On alcoholic fermentation (1859)

"On alcoholic fermentation." The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, 18(119), pp. 239–240
Time Slot Assignment Algorithm with Graph Coloring (2008)

위성 통신 분야에서 널리 사용되는 시분할 다중 스위칭 시스템은 많은 저대역폭 가입자들로부터 발생되는 트랙픽을 반복되는 프레임에 타임 슬롯을 할당해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 타임 슬롯 할당을 위한 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 기존의 방법인 네트워크 흐름 모델을 사용하지 않고 새로운 방법인 그래프 채색방법을 사용하여 효율적인 타임 슬롯 할당 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안된 알고리즘은 주어진 트래픽의 프레임 길이가 2의 멱승일 경우 트래픽을 정확히 반으로 나누어 할당한다. 분할된 트래픽의 프레임 길이가 1이 될 때까지 이 과정을 계속적으로 반복해 분할한다. 제안된 알고리즘의 시간 복잡도는 프레임의 길이가 L이고 스위치 크기가 N인 경우에는 기존의 네트워크 흐름 모델을 사용한 최적의 타임 슬롯 할당 알고리즘의 시간 복잡도는 <TEX>$O(N^{4.5})$</TEX> 인데 반해 <TEX>$O(NLlog_2L)$</TEX>이다. A simple Time Division Multiplex(TDM) switching system which has been widely in satellite networks provides any size of bandwidth for a number of low bandwidth subscribers by allocating proper number of time slots in a frame. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on graph coloring model for efficient time slot assignment algorithm in contrast to network flow model in previous works. When the frame length of an initial matrix of time slot requests is 2's power, this matrix is divided into two matrices of time slot requests using binary divide and conquer method based on the graph coloring model. This process is continued until resulting matrices of time slot requests are of length one. While the most efficient algorithm proposed in the literature has time complexity of <TEX>$O(N^{4.5})$</TEX>, the time complexity of the proposed algorithm is <TEX>$O(NLlog_2L)$</TEX>, where N is the number of input/output links and L is the number of time slot alloted to each link in the frame.
The Caribou replacement - LTAC programme and civil doubts (2000)

The author discusses the programmed replacement of the Caribou aircraft with light tactical aircraft (LTAC). (non-author abstract)
ON THE PERIODIC MODULATION OF ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE MAGNETOSPHERIC SKIRT REGION (1967)

The acceleration mechanism of the energetic electrons in the magnetospheric skirt region is considered. It is inferred that the periodic modulation of these electrons is due mainly to the pulsative change of geomagnetic field lines in the skirt region, and that the cause of such periodicity is intimately connected with that of the X-ray burst, cosmic noise absorption with the periods, 4 to 6 minutes and geomagnetic pulsation, Pc-5, which are usually observed in the auroral latitudes. It is suggested that all electromagnetic disurbances are most violent at the dawn side of the skirt region compared with the other side, since the modulation mentioned above is strongest at the dawn side. As regards such disturbances, the rapid change of the geomagnetic field lines there with space and time may be most effective on the generation of energetic electrons. The acceleration mechanism of these electrons is examined in relation to the behavior of geomagnetic field lines.
Pilot-assisted channel estimation in MC-CDMA for future mobile cellular systems (2002)

The effect of two different pilot-assisted channel estimation techniques on BER in Multi-Carrier CDMA (MCCDMA) is considered. The first technique involves sending both data and pilot symbols in the same OFDM symbol. The second technique involves sending data and pilot symbols in separate OFDM symbols. In both cases multi-access interference is present. Simulations of both systems in a UMTS multipath channel are presented.
Expression of a humanized single-chain variable fragment antibody targeting chronic myeloid leukemia cells in Escherichia coli and its characterization (2012)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant blood disease originating from hematopoietic stem cells. Drug resistance and tumor recurrence have become major problems for the treatment of this disease. Therefore, new therapeutic methods need to be developed. Antigens expressed on the surface of cancer cells are potential targets for antibody-mediated drug delivery. In our study, an anti-CML cell single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibody has been produced and characterized because it is the first step towards the construction of a novel cancer-targeted agent for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Here, a 46 kDa antibody derivative was produced by genetic fusion of a humanized scFv antibody against a CML cell surface antigen with the 6xHis-tag, which can specifically bind to CML cells. The recombinant scFv against CML cells was expressed as a fusion protein containing the 6xHis-tag at its N-termini, and purified by Ni2+-NTA column chromatography. The recombinant scFv, which was soluble, was expressed and produced in bacteria, and was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and western blot assays. Finally, its cell-binding activity and immunoactivity were demonstrated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that this scFv specifically targeted CML cells expressing the associated antigen (47.9 and 34.4%) other than non-expressing tumor cells (1.25%) in vitro. The results presented in this study illustrate that the humanized anti-CML cell scFv antibody may function as a novel therapeutic tool for CML.