gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the search space of quantum programs (2003)

This work is a first study of search spaces and fitness landscapes in the context of quantum program evolution. Considering small instances of the Deutsch-Josza problem as a staring point for explorations of quantum program search spaces, we analyze the structure of mutation landscapes using autocorrelation characteristics and information measures. Our motivation is to obtain insights into the relationship between landscape characteristic and quantum circuit evolution with the aim to improve the efficiency of evolutionary search.
Propulsive Small Expendable Deployer System (ProSEDS) Experiment (1999)

ProSEDS is a secondary (i.e. piggyback) payload on a Delta-11 GPS 8 mission scheduled for launch in August 2000. It will test the feasibility of generating generate electrodynamic thrust without propellant using a 5 kilometer conducting wire (tether). The ProSEDS obtains thrust as the tether cuts across the magnetic field, a voltage is induced across the wire. Electrons are attracted to the positively based far end of the wire. Electrons flow downward through the conductive tether. Earth's magnetic field exerts a drag force on the current in the tether segments, that is mechanically transferred via the wire to the stage. The primary objective for the ProSEDs mission is to demonstrate that a significant, measurable electrodynamic thrust through a tether in space. The primary mission will last one day, as the primary battery assures at least three orbits of data will be collected, the remaining power will be provided by the secondary battery, which uses tether generated power to recharge. The extended mission begins using the power provided through the tether, and wil terminate when a system ceases to function; (i.e., either degradation of the tether,through Atomic Oxygen contact, a micrometeoroid or other debris impact, or another malfunction.) The technology has many potential applications. Amongst the applications, which are reviewed in detail, are: (1) satellite deorbit, (2) reboost of the International Space Station, (3) propellantless reusable Orbit Transfer Vehicles, (4) Propulsion and power generation for future Jovian missions.
1548: Impact of Ascorbic Acid on Cystine Stone Formation - Evaluation in the Animal Model (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Wednesday, May 24, 2006, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20061548: Impact of Ascorbic Acid on Cystine Stone Formation - Evaluation in the Animal Model Sreedhar Sagi, Yanwei Cao, Axel Haecker, Peter Aiken, Maurice S. Michel, and Thomas Knoll Sreedhar SagiSreedhar Sagi More articles by this author , Yanwei CaoYanwei Cao More articles by this author , Axel HaeckerAxel Haecker More articles by this author , Peter AikenPeter Aiken More articles by this author , Maurice S. MichelMaurice S. Michel More articles by this author , and Thomas KnollThomas Knoll More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33752-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1548: Impact of Ascorbic Acid on Cystine Stone Formation - Evaluation in the Animal Model." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), pp. 499–500 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 499-500 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Sreedhar Sagi More articles by this author Yanwei Cao More articles by this author Axel Haecker More articles by this author Peter Aiken More articles by this author Maurice S. Michel More articles by this author Thomas Knoll More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Comparison of one- and two-photon optical beam-induced current imaging (1999)

Optical beam induced current (OBIC) imaging through the backside of integrated circuits was investigated in the wavelength λ region from 1.15 to 1.26 μm. With a subpicosecond excitation source and approximately 1 mW at the sample, the two-photon contribution to the generated photocurrent dominates at λ=1.25 μm but becomes negligible for λ&lt;1.18 μm. One-photon- (1P-) and two-photon- (2P-) OBIC images are very different. In the 1P case a strong contribution by scattered light to the carrier generation leads to an edge enhancement effect that is entirely missing when 2P excitation dominates. 2P-OBIC images often show supply-voltage dependent intensity steps that are much sharper than the optical resolution permits. The advantages of 2P-OBIC lie in the spatial confinement of the free carrier generation, a more relevant contrast mechanism, and the promise of a substantial increase in spatial resolution because of the quadratic intensity dependence and the possibility of using silicon solid immersion lenses, which could eventually provide resolution sufficient for circuits made by deep UV lithography.
<i>1 Epidemiological Aspects of Gonorrhoeal and Chlamydial Infection. Local Effects of Silver Nitrate and Hexarginum</i> (1982)

Since the Credé method was introduced for prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia, there have been great changes with regard to prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this potentially dangerous disease, which warrants a reconsideration of its general application. In this study we report firstly on the incidence of maternal gonorrhoeal and Chlamydial infection at the time of delivery as a basis for evaluating the risk of neonatal infection. Secondly we report on pain reactions as well as on the frequency of conjunctivitis following different kinds of prophylaxis or placebo. The investigation included more than 1 000 mother‐infant pairs delivered in 1978. Eye prophylaxis was given with 1 % silver nitrate, 10 % Hexarginum (a less irritating silver compound), or physiological saline as placebo, in a randomized double‐blind fashion. Cultures for gonorrhoea were made on 1 027 women and for Chlamydia on a sub sample of 165 women. Observations for pain reactions and for irritation/conjunctivitis were made on 627 infants. Conjunctival samples for cultures were taken from 156 infants with conjunctivitis. Conjunctival samples for Chlamydia cultures were taken from 250 healthy infants and from 15 infants with long‐lasting conjunctivitis. Maternal gonococcal infections were observed in 111 027 women and maternal Chlamydia infections in 1/165 women in the sub sample; in both instances the infections were asymptomatic. There were no cases of gonococcal ophthalmia, but among 15 infants who showed a long‐lasting conjunctival irritation, Chlamydia was isolated in two. The observation of pain reaction showed that silver nitrate induced significantly more violent reactions than Hexarginum and saline. Almost 40 % of the silver nitrate infants had a heavy purulent secretion during days 1–3 post partum, but only 2 % of the other two groups. The generally applied prophylaxis against gonococcal ophthalmia with silver nitrate does not fulfil the requirements for general prophylaxis. It is suggested that the Credé method should be abandoned but that there should be compulsory notification of diagnosed cases of gonococcal ophthalmia.
Broad-band electronic linearizer for externally modulated analog fiber-optic links (1999)

Linearization of analog fiber-optic links using a novel CMOS linearization circuit is reported. A 17-dB suppression of the third-order intermodulation product (IMP3) has been achieved at the modulation index of 49.6 % and over a broad-band frequency range from dc to 1.3 GHz. In an experimental link with a noise floor of -124 dBm/Hz, the spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) is improved by 14 dB from 85 dB/Hz/sup 2/3/ to 99 dB/Hz/sup 2/3/.
Pregnancy-Specific β<sub>1</sub>-Glycoprotein and Chorionic Gonadotropin-Like Immunoreactivity during the Latter Half of the Cycle in Women Using Intrauterine Contraception* (1978)

In a cross-sectional study, the serum levels of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PSBG), hCG, human LH, and progesterone were measured by RIAs during 94 mid or late luteal phases of 69 women using oral contraceptives. Subsequent spontaneous menstruation took place in every cycle. None of the women using oral contraceptives had any PSBG or hCG-like immunoreactivity in serum. In women with intrauterine devices, PSBG was found in six cycles (6.4%) and hCG-like immunoreactivity was demonstrated in one cycle only, where PSBG also was present. In two out of six PSBG-positive cycles, menstruation was delayed by 5 and 16 days. Although rare, the transient occurrence of trophoblastic antigens in women using intrauterine contraception is taken as evidence for an occult pregnancy in these apparently infertile cycles.
<i>erm</i> genes in erythromycin‐resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (1995)

Erythromycin-resistant S. aureus from general practice and a dermatology ward with a very high consumption of erythromycin was studied for ermA and ermC content by Southern blot analysis. The prevalence of these erm genes was also studied in coagulase-negative staphylococci from the same dermatology ward and in a collection of 15 S. aureus and 18 coagulase-negative staphylococci found in the same specimen from 15 different patients. ermA was only found as a chromosomal insert and ermC only on small plasmids. In erythromycin-resistant S. aureus from general practice ermC was responsible for 84% of erythromycin resistance, while 16% of the strains contained ermA. In 17 of 18 S. aureus strains from the dermatology ward a 2.5 kb plasmid contained ermC. Among 58 erythromycin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci only 2 (3%) had ermA, whereas 44 strains (76%) had ermC. ermA or ermC genes were common in S. epidermidis (36/38). However, in 20 isolates of erythromycin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci of other species, 10 had neither ermA nor ermC. ermC was the most common erm gene in both coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus. In 11 of 15 patients with erythromycin-resistant S. aureus the co-isolated erythromycin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus had another resistance mechanism, either another gene or a different phenotypic expression of the same gene. Resistance to pristinamycin, a streptogramin antibiotic only used in animals, was not found in S. aureus but was found in 14% of erythromycin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Intracerebral involvement in scleroderma en coup de sabre: Report of a case with neuropathologic findings (1995)

Linear scleroderma en coup de sabre (LScs) is a rare disorder not infrequently associated with neurologic symptoms, notably epilepsy. However, histopathologic documentation of intracerebral lesions in LScs is very limited and the etiology of the central nervous system symptoms has therefore never been convincingly established. We describe a 27-year-old woman with LScs and a longstanding history of epilepsy. Radiographic studies demonstrated a focal, intraparenchymal lesion in the left frontal lobe directly subjacent to the area of scleroderma on the forehead and scalp. The resected cerebral lesion revealed localized band-like sclerosis of the leptomeninges and associated vessels, as well as intraparenchymal calcifications and anomalous, ectatic vessels. These findings suggest that LScs may represent a neurocutaneous syndrome of vascular dysplasia similar to the Sturge-Weber syndrome, rather than a localized form of collagen vascular disease, as suggested by some.
Near-zero-moment ferromagnetism in the semiconductor SmN (2008)

The magnetic behavior of SmN has been investigated in stoichiometric polycrystalline films. All samples show ferromagnetic order with Curie temperature $({T}_{C})$ of $27\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3\text{ }\text{K}$, evidenced by the occurrence of hysteresis below ${T}_{C}$. The ferromagnetic state is characterized by a very small moment and a large coercive field, exceeding even the maximum applied field of 6 T below about 15 K. The residual magnetization at 2 K, measured after cooling in the maximum field, is $0.035{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per Sm. Such a remarkably small moment results from a near cancellation of the spin and orbital contributions for ${\text{Sm}}^{+3}$ in SmN. Coupling to an applied field is therefore weak, explaining the huge coercive field. The susceptibility in the paramagnetic phase shows temperature-independent Van Vleck and Curie-Weiss contributions. The Van Vleck contribution is in quantitative agreement with the field-induced admixture of the $J=\frac{7}{2}$ excited state and the $\frac{5}{2}$ ground state. The Curie-Weiss contribution returns a Curie temperature that agrees with the onset of ferromagnetic hysteresis, and a conventional paramagnetic moment with an effective moment of $0.4{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ per Sm ion, in agreement with expectations for the crystal-field modified effective moment on the ${\text{Sm}}^{+3}$ ions.
Comparison of Charge Transfer Device and Photomultiplier Tube Performance for Extremely Low Photon Fluxes (1988)

Abstract : New solid state silicon arrays which outperform photon counting photomultiplier tubes under extreme low light fluxes are described. The results of the evaluation of the spectroscopically pertinent characteristics of several charges transfer device (CTD) detectors are presented. The characteristics of these multichannel detectors include peak quantum efficiencies exceeding 80%, read noises of approximately ten charge carriers and virtually no dark current. The potential for these non-intensified silicon devices to outperform PMTs in many low light level situations is demonstrated. The signal-to-noise ratios for several CTD detectors are contrasted to the signal-to-noise ratio performance of the best photon counting PMTs for a variety of low flux situations. Two approaches to creating a single element detector with the same optical format and larger dynamic range than common photon PMTs are described. The results of the evaluation of a prototype large single element charge injection device are presented. Combining a 1,000,000 simple dynamic range with the ability to vary integration times over four orders of magnitude allows this detector to quantity photon fluxes ranging over ten orders of magnitude. The other approach to using CTDs as a direct replacement for PMTs involves a process called binning employed with charge coupled devices. This technique combines photogenerated charge from several detector elements forming an effectively larger detector which can be read in a single low noise read. The superior performance of several charge- coupled device detectors operated in a highly binned mode as compared to other low light detectors is demonstrated.
Delineation of interactions between specific solvent and solute nuclei. Nuclear magnetic resonance solvent saturation study of gramicidin S in methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and trifluoroethanol (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDelineation of interactions between specific solvent and solute nuclei. Nuclear magnetic resonance solvent saturation study of gramicidin S in methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and trifluoroethanolT. Phil Pitner, J. D. Glickson, R. Rowan, J. Dadok, and A. A. Bothner-ByCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 20, 5917–5918Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00853a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00853a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Subsurface structure of the Evershed flows in sunspots (2011)

The radial outflows in sunspot penumbrae, known as the Evershed effect, are of significant interest for understanding the dynamics of sunspots. Local helioseismology has not been able to determine the depth of these flows nor their relationship to mass circulation in sunspots. Recent radiative MHD simulations have provided a convincing explanation of the Evershed flow as a natural consequence of magnetoconvection in the strongly inclined magnetic field region of the penumbra. The simulations reproduce many observational features of penumbra dynamics, including the filamentary structure, the high-speed non-stationary "Evershed clouds", and the "sea-serpent" behavior of magnetic field lines. We present the subsurface structure of the Evershed effect, obtained from numerical simulations, and determine the depth of the radial outflows for various magnetic field strengths and inclinations. The simulations predict that Evershed flows are rather shallow and concentrated in the top 0.5 – 1 Mm layer of the convection zone. This prediction can be tested by local helioseismology methods.
Equivalent Properties of Sound Absorbing Poroelastic Material Using the Homogenization Method (2011)

In this paper we propose a new method to derive macroscopic equivalent properties of sound absorbing poroelastic material using the homogenization method. Assuming that the microscopic geometry of the poroelastic material is periodic, this method directly provides a macroscopic elastic tensor for the solid phase, an equivalent density and a bulk modulus for the fluid phase. In the derivation of the macroscopic properties, we perform multiphysics analysis of several phenomena arising in the sound absorption by the poroelastic material, namely, elastic motion of the solid phase, compressible viscous fluid flow in the fluid phase, temperature distribution in the fluid phase, and coupled effects between solid and fluid phases. The equivalent density is obtained by averaging the characteristic function of the fluid flow, and the equivalent bulk modulus is calculated by averaging the characteristic function of the temperature distribution. Several numerical models with simple microscopic geometries are employed to compare the macroscopic properties represented in the numerical solutions obtained using the proposed method with solutions obtained analytically. We demonstrate that the proposed method can provide solutions with sufficient accuracy and that the solutions converge to analytically obtained solutions as the value of the discretization parameter used in the numerical models is made smaller.
Immunoregulatory Properties of Human Esophageal Tumor Extract (1979)

Noncytotoxic aqueous extracts of esophageal tumors (TEx) inhibit the spontaneous uptake of 3H-thymidine by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). TEx also inhibits mitogen- and antigen-induced PBM blastogenesis, mitogenesis, 3H-thymidine uptake, and 3H-leucine incorporation. Inhibition is reversible and is mediated by a heat-labile protein with a m.w. of approximately 70 to 80,000 daltons. Inhibitory activity is not due to trivial binding of mitogen or neucleotide by the inhibitor, nor is it entirely tumor specific since similar but quantitatively less activity is extractable from adjacent normal esophageal mucosa. Assorted cell surface membrane phenomena such as contact inhibition of in vitro endothelial cell proliferation, lymphocyte E rosette formation, and cap formation are unaffected by TEx. In contrast, immunoglobulin synthesis by pokeweed mitogen-stimulated PBM is enhanced by TEx. The potential importance of the local production of immunoregulatory agents like TEx in the immunologic control of tumor cell growth is discussed.
Phased Vertical Cavity Laser Arrays (2014)

In this paper, we show that independent current injection into phased photonic crystal VCSEL arrays can drive the arrays to exhibit either coherent or incoherent operation. For the single mode coherent operation, 25 GHz small signal modulation is obtained.
Asymmetric Polarity Reversals, Bimodal Field Distribution, and Coherence Resonance in a Spherically Symmetric Mean-Field Dynamo Model (2005)

Using a mean-field dynamo model with a spherically symmetric helical turbulence parameter alpha which is algebraically quenched and disturbed by additional noise, the basic features of geomagnetic polarity reversals are shown to be generic consequences of the dynamo action in the vicinity of exceptional points of the spectrum. This simple paradigmatic model yields long periods of constant polarity which are interrupted by self-accelerating field decays leading to asymmetric polarity reversals. It shows the recently discovered bimodal field distribution, and it gives a natural explanation of the correlation between polarity persistence time and field strength. The dependence of the persistence time on the noise shows typical features of coherence resonance.
Lossless compression of multi-dimensional medical image data using binary-decomposed high-order entropy coding (2002)

Information theory indicates that coding efficiency can be improved by utilizing high-order entropy coding (HOEC). However, serious implementation difficulties limit the practical value of HOEC for grayscale image compression. We present a new approach, called binary-decomposed (BD) high-order entropy coding, that significantly reduces the complexity of the implementation and increases the accuracy in estimating the statistical model. In this approach a grayscale image is first decomposed into a group of binary sub-images, each corresponding to one of the gray levels. When HOEC is applied to these sub-images instead of the original image, the subsequent coding is made simpler and more accurate statistically. We apply this coding technique in lossless compression of medical images and imaging data, and demonstrate that the performance advantage of this approach is significant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Physical modeling of IGBT turn on behavior (2004)

Although IGBT turn on losses can be comparable to turn off losses, IGBT turn on has not been as thoroughly studied in the literature. Under clamped inductive load condition at turn on there is strong interaction between the IGBT and the freewheeling diode undergoing reverse recovery. A physics-based IGBT model is used that has been proved accurate in the simulation of IGBT turn off. Both resistive and inductive turn on are considered. Discrepancies between model predictions and experimental results are discussed.
Advies houdt stand (2014)

Livestock Research bekeek de effecten van een lager en hoger energieniveau in foktoom 1-voer ten opzichte van het huidige advies in de eerste legfase van vleeskuikenouderdieren.