gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of IL-5 in onchocerciasis. A critical role for IL-2 (1993)

The cytokine profiles of PBMC obtained from individuals "immune" to Onchocerca volvulus infection were compared to those from infected individuals. The immune individuals had significantly higher levels of both IL-2 and IL-5 in response to parasite Ag than did those individuals with active infection (mean IL-2 = 1.3 and 0.138 U/ml, respectively; mean IL-5 = 973 and 147.4 pg/ml, respectively), and there was a direct correlation between the production of IL-2 and IL-5. To examine the mechanism underlying the possible association between these two cytokines in patients infected with onchocerciasis, reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction was used to measure IL-5 mRNA. In response to rIL-2, IL-5 mRNA appeared as early as early as 3 h after stimulation of patient PBMC, reaching a peak at 24 h; further, this response was inhibited with neutralizing antibodies to IL-2. IL-2 was unable to induce mRNA expression for IL-4, IFN-gamma, IL-10, or granulocyte-macrophage-CSF. To assess whether IL-2 was specifically responsible for the up-regulation of Ag-induced IL-5 production in patients with onchocerciasis, IL-5 mRNA expression was measured in PBMC stimulated with parasite Ag. Up-regulation of IL-5 mRNA was seen in all patients (peaking at 72 h) in response to Ag stimulation and was found to be independent of proliferation to Ag; in addition, this up-regulation was specifically inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-2 antibodies. Further, the primary source of IL-5 mRNA was determined to be CD4+ T cells. These findings suggest that IL-2 production is required to induce IL-5 and further implicates IL-5 as a possible mediator of protection in onchocerciasis.
Specifications for Hard Condensed Matter Specimens for Three-Dimensional High-Resolution Tomographies (2013)

Tomography is a standard and invaluable technique that covers a large range of length scales. It gives access to the inner morphology of specimens and to the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of physical quantities such as elemental composition, crystalline phases, oxidation state, or strain. These data are necessary to determine the effective properties of investigated heterogeneous media. However, each tomographic technique relies on severe sampling conditions and physical principles that require the sample to be adequately shaped. For that purpose, a wide range of sample preparation techniques is used, including mechanical machining, polishing, sawing, ion milling, or chemical techniques. Here, we focus on the basics of tomography that justify such advanced sample preparation, before reviewing and illustrating the main techniques. Performances and limits are highlighted, and we identify the best preparation technique for a particular tomographic scale and application. The targeted tomography techniques include hard X-ray micro- and nanotomography, electron nanotomography, and atom probe tomography. The article mainly focuses on hard condensed matter, including porous materials, alloys, and microelectronics applications, but also includes, to a lesser extent, biological considerations.
ChemInform Abstract: VERBINDUNGEN MIT EVENTUELLER EMPFAENGNIS VERHUETENDER WIRKUNG 2. MITT. TETRAZOL‐DERIVATE NICHTSTEROIDER OESTROGENE (1973)

Abstract 2‐Methyl‐3‐äthyl‐4‐oxo‐cyclohexancarbonsäure (I) liefert mit Phenylmagnesium bromid (II) die Cyclohexencarbonsäure (IIIa), aus der über das Amid (IIIb) das Nitril (IIIc) entsteht, aus dem mit Ammonazid das Tetrazol (IV) erhalten wird.
Physical interpretation of reduction of soliton interaction forces by bandwidth limited amplification (1992)

It is shown that the reduction in soliton interaction by bandwidth limited amplification is entirely due to adiabatic narrowing caused by excess gain, in which the input soliton pulse achieves a narrower steady-state pulse. The bandwidth limitation is used to generate a narrow steady-state soliton by stopping the adiabatic narrowing, but does not reduce the interaction forces by directly changing the soliton spectrum. When the asymptotic soliton solution is used as an input, there is no reduction in the soliton interaction.
Extending the linear range of the SALDI-MS analyses using the internal standard technique (2012)

Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI MS) employing gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) has been presented as a useful method for the both qualitative and quantitative analysis of low molecular weight analytes. Besides the well-known benefit, such as the improvement in the analysis precision, the use of an internal standard was observed to significantly extend the linear range of SALDI MS. Without the use of the internal standard, the linear range is presumably limited by the saturation of the Au NP surface where the desorption process takes place: at higher analyte concentration, an imperfect, multilayer assembly is formed leading to inefficient desorption and/or ionization and thus to reduced linearity and poor reproducibility. An internal standard can partially eliminate this limitation: as long as the Au NP surface is not fully saturated, the signal intensities of the analyte and the internal standard do not affect each other; with further increase of the analyte concentration, the signal intensity of the internal standard is gradually suppressed preserving the linearity the analyte/internal standard ratio. Although quantitative analyses using SALDI MS without any internal standard were presented, based on our findings the use of the internal standard for quantitative analysis is highly recommended. The limited Au NP surface as well as interfering components can have notable consequences in analyses of complex samples, especially if the nanoparticles are employed as extraction/concentration probes.
Growth and Properties of Half-Metallic Double Perovskite Thin Films (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Distribution and accumulation of cassava brown streak viruses within infected cassava ( <i>Manihot esculenta</i> ) plants (2014)

Cassava brown streak disease ( CBSD ), caused by Cassava brown streak virus ( CBSV ) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus ( UCBSV ), ranks among the top seven biological threats to global food security. The disease poses a significant threat to cassava production in East and Central Africa ( ECA ). In Uganda, overall CBSD incidence increased by c . 20% since it re‐emerged in 2004, and the disease persistently reduces cassava yields and storage root qualities. The spread of CBSD has been studied spatially in fields in different agroecologies. However, within‐host distribution and accumulation of CBSV and UCBSV in naturally infected cassava plants is unknown. Therefore, within‐host CBSV and UCBSV distribution was studied to correlate CBSD symptoms with virus titre in organs of infected cassava. Leaf, stem and storage root samples, with and without symptoms, were collected from 10 genotypes of field‐grown cassava. Presence of CBSV and UCBSV was detected by RT ‐ PCR and virus levels determined by qRT ‐ PCR . CBSV was present in 100% of CBSD samples with symptoms, with 45·3% positive for presence of both CBSV and UCBSV . Tolerant cassava genotypes were infected with CBSV alone and accumulated higher titre in roots than in aerial organs. Susceptible genotypes were co‐infected with CBSV and UCBSV and exhibited variation in virus titre in each organ. Across genotypes, virus titre was lowest in the youngest leaves and highest in mature non‐senescing leaves. This information provides insight into the relationship between CBSV , UCBSV and their cassava host, and is valuable for CBSD resistance breeding, epidemiology studies and CBSD control.
Printability of buried extreme ultraviolet lithography photomask defects (2016)

Native acting phase-programmed defects, otherwise known as buried program defects, with attributes very similar to native defects, were successfully fabricated using a high-accuracy overlay technique. The defect detectability and visibility were analyzed with conventional amplitude and phase-contrast blank inspection at 193-nm wavelength, pattern inspection at 193-nm wavelength, and scanning electron microscopy. The mask was also printed on wafer, and printability is discussed. Finally, the inspection sensitivity and wafer printability are compared, leading to the observation that the current blank- and pattern-inspection sensitivity is not enough to detect all of the printable defects.
Antibodies to the retina N‐acetylgalactosaminylphosphotransferase inhibit neurite outgrowth (1991)

The neural retina N-acetylgalactosaminylphosphotransferase (GalNAcPTase) is a cell surface molecule (Balsamo and Lilien, 1980, 1983; Balsamo et al., 1986a) that is tightly associated with, and glycosylates, the calcium-dependent, cell-cell adhesion molecule, N-cadherin (Balsamo and Lilien, 1990). N-cadherin has been implicated in neuronal attachment and neurite outgrowth when at the surface of cells (Bixby et al., 1987, 1988; Matsunaga et al., 1988; Neugebauer et al., 1988; Tomaselli et al., 1988). The intimate association of the GalNAcPTase and N-cadherin prompted us to test the possibility that the GalNAcPTase is also involved in the process of neurite outgrowth. We tested the effect of one polyclonal and two monoclonal anti-GalNAcPTase antibodies in cultures of chick neural retina cells extending neurites on substrates requiring N-cadherin, beta integrin receptors, or the chicken homologue of L1, G4. The length and number of neurites produced were dramatically reduced on all of these substrates by the polyclonal and one of the monoclonal anti-GalNAcPTase antibodies. The second monoclonal antibody bound to the cell surface but was not inhibitory, indicating that it reacts with a different epitope. The mechanism through which the retina cell surface GalNAcPTase may modulate neurite outgrowth on many substrates is discussed.
Measurement of Noise Radiated by Boundary-Layer-Excited Panels (1964)

Measurements are presented of the sound power radiated by panel excited by turbulent boundary layers with air velocities up to Mach number 0.64. The test panels were mounted in a test section of an acoustically quiet air duct that was enclosed in a concrete reverberation room. The mean-square exciting pressure fluctuation of the wall and the mean-square panel displacement in broad and narrow bands were measured. The radiated sound power and mean-square displacement was found to vary proportional to (Mach No.)A × (panel thickness)−B, depending on the predominant modes of vibration. Some of these results are compared with flight-test data.
Constrained Triangulation: Application to Hex-Dominant Mesh Generation. (1999)

Boundary-constrained triangulation has long been the domain of Delaunay mesh generation. Another application for constrained triangulation is introduced in this work. A new technique for hexahedral-dominant mesh generation is developed. With this method, known as Hex-Morphing (H-Morph), an initial tetrahedral mesh is provided. The quadrilateral faces of the hexahedra are treated as internal surfaces, which must be recovered. Local transformations are performed on the simplices so that the six quadrilateral faces of a hexahedron have been recovered from the mesh. All tetrahedra internal to the six faces can subsequently be eliminated and a hexahedra formed in their place. Examples and performance of the H-Morph algorithm are presented. Keywords: constrained triangulation, hex-dominant mesh generation, hexahedra, H-Morph, tetrahedral transformations 1. INTRODUCTION Given an initial set of simplices in R 3 comprised of nodes, edges and faces, it may be necessary to modify the arrangem...
Nationwide trends in stroke hospitalization over the past decade (2012)

. 16 5.6 [1]. 2008 , ( 13.3%) (12.8%) (10.8%, 615 ) [2]. 2010 10
Controlled Synthesis and Assembly of Nanostructured ZnO Architectures by a Solvothermal Soft Chemistry Process (2007)

Controlled synthesis and organization of nanostructured materials using simple and low-cost methods is important in order to exploit their unique properties for practical applications. We describe the results of a systematic study of the solvothermal soft chemical synthesis of novel nanostructured ZnO architectures. Various ZnO nanostructured microspheres and microrod aggregates have been synthesized using Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O in ethylenediamine in the presence of HAuCl4·4H2O. In the absence of HAuCl4·4H2O, fibrous and coral-like ZnO rod aggregates are obtained. The morphologies and structures of the obtained ZnO architectures can be tuned by manipulating the relative amounts and the addition sequence of Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O and HAuCl4·4H2O. The Au(ethylenediamine)23+ complex, formed from Au3+ by combining with two ethylenediamine molecules, plays a key structure-directing role in controlling the morphology and structure of the obtained ZnO architectures. All of the nanostructured ZnO architectures can be indexed to the hexagonal wurtzite stricture, and they show variations in the optical absorption properties depending on the distribution and interaction of Au nanoparticles on the ZnO surface. The formation mechanism of the various nanostructured microspheres is also discussed.
<title>Adaptive machine learning algorithm for multispectral image analysis</title> (1992)

This paper describes a machine learning algorithm for analyzing the multispectral images of natural scenes. A mathematical training algorithm has been developed to guide the operation of a statistical pattern recognition technique for detecting and extracting the image clusters in a multidimensional feature space. For this purpose, the peak modality of 1-D image histograms is selected as the mathematical training criterion. The algorithm is applied to the clusters of the color images of natural scenes in 3-D feature space. During the training process, image clusters are detected in some well-defined decision elements using constant lightness and chromaticity loci of the uniform color space. This gives non-parametric estimates of the clusters' distributions without imposing any constraints in their forms. The linear discriminant method is then used to project simultaneously the detected clusters onto a line for region isolation. This permits utilization of all the spectral properties for object recognition and inherently recognizes their respective cross correlation.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Colorectal cancer atlas: An integrative resource for genomic and proteomic annotations from colorectal cancer cell lines and tissues (2015)

In order to advance our understanding of colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression, biomedical researchers have generated large amounts of OMICS data from CRC patient samples and representative cell lines. However, these data are deposited in various repositories or in supplementary tables. A database which integrates data from heterogeneous resources and enables analysis of the multidimensional data sets, specifically pertaining to CRC is currently lacking. Here, we have developed Colorectal Cancer Atlas (http://www.colonatlas.org), an integrated web-based resource that catalogues the genomic and proteomic annotations identified in CRC tissues and cell lines. The data catalogued to-date include sequence variations as well as quantitative and non-quantitative protein expression data. The database enables the analysis of these data in the context of signaling pathways, protein-protein interactions, Gene Ontology terms, protein domains and post-translational modifications. Currently, Colorectal Cancer Atlas contains data for >13 711 CRC tissues, >165 CRC cell lines, 62 251 protein identifications, >8.3 million MS/MS spectra, >18 410 genes with sequence variations (404 278 entries) and 351 pathways with sequence variants. Overall, Colorectal Cancer Atlas has been designed to serve as a central resource to facilitate research in CRC.
Development of a light source with an injection-locked Nd:YAG laser and a ring-mode cleaner for the TAMA 300 gravitational-wave detector (2002)

We have developed a light source suitable for laser interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. The developed light source has high power, TEM00 mode, linear polarization, high frequency stability, and low intensity noise. The light source with the quality is essential for attaining the goal sensitivity in the TAMA 300 and was found to be available for a observation run of a gravitational-wave detector.
3D tumor measurement in cone-beam CT breast imaging (2004)

Cone-beam CT breast imaging provides a digital volume representation of a breast. With a digital breast volume, the immediate task is to extract the breast tissue information, especially for suspicious tumors, preferably in an automatic manner or with minimal user interaction. This paper reports a program for three-dimensional breast tissue analysis. It consists of volumetric segmentation (by globally thresholding), subsegmentation (connection-based separation), and volumetric component measurement (volume, surface, shape, and other geometrical specifications). A combination scheme of multi-thresholding and binary volume morphology is proposed to fast determine the surface gradients, which may be interpreted as the surface evolution (outward growth or inward shrinkage) for a tumor volume. This scheme is also used to optimize the volumetric segmentation. With a binary volume, we decompose the foreground into components according to spatial connectedness. Since this decomposition procedure is performed after volumetric segmentation, it is called subsegmentation. The subsegmentation brings the convenience for component visualization and measurement, in the whole support space, without interference from others. Upon the tumor component identification, we measure the following specifications: volume, surface area, roundness, elongation, aspect, star-shapedness, and location (centroid). A 3D morphological operation is used to extract the cluster shell and, by delineating the corresponding volume from the grayscale volume, to measure the shell stiffness. This 3D tissue measurement is demonstrated with a tumor-borne breast specimen (a surgical part).
Antitumour necrosis factor-alpha antibodies (infliximab) in the treatment of a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis (2002)

Journal Article Antitumour necrosis factor‐α antibodies (infliximab) in the treatment of a patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis Get access M. Fischer, M. Fischer Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg, Ernst‐Kromayer‐Straβe 5–8, D‐06097 Halle (Saale), Germany E‐mail: matthias.fischer@medizin.uni‐halle.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Fiedler, E. Fiedler Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg, Ernst‐Kromayer‐Straβe 5–8, D‐06097 Halle (Saale), Germany E‐mail: matthias.fischer@medizin.uni‐halle.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar W.C. Marsch, W.C. Marsch Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg, Ernst‐Kromayer‐Straβe 5–8, D‐06097 Halle (Saale), Germany E‐mail: matthias.fischer@medizin.uni‐halle.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J. Wohlrab J. Wohlrab Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg, Ernst‐Kromayer‐Straβe 5–8, D‐06097 Halle (Saale), Germany E‐mail: matthias.fischer@medizin.uni‐halle.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 146, Issue 4, 1 April 2002, Pages 707–709, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.46833.x Published: 01 April 2002
Molecular Basis for Water-Promoted Supramolecular Chirality Inversion in Helical Rosette Nanotubes (2007)

Helical rosette nanotubes (RNTs) are obtained through the self-assembly of the GwedgeC motif, a self-complementary DNA base analogue featuring the complementary hydrogen bonding arrays of both guanine and cytosine. The first step of this process is the formation of a 6-membered supermacrocycle (rosette) maintained by 18 hydrogen bonds, which then self-organizes into a helical stack defining a supramolecular sextuple helix whose chirality and three-dimensional organization arise from the chirality, chemical structure, and conformational organization of the GwedgeC motif. Because a chiral GwedgeC motif is predisposed to express itself asymmetrically upon self-assembly, there is a natural tendency for it to form one chiral RNT over its mirror image. Here we describe the synthesis and characterization of a chiral GwedgeC motif that self-assembles into helical RNTs in methanol, but undergoes mirror image supramolecular chirality inversion upon the addition of very small amounts of water (<1% v/v). Extensive physical and computational studies established that the mirror-image RNTs obtained, referred to as chiromers, result from thermodynamic (in water) and kinetic (in methanol) self-assembly processes involving two conformational isomers of the parent GwedgeC motif. Although derived from conformational states, the chiromers are thermodynamically stable supramolecular species, they display dominant/recessive behavior, they memorize and amplify their chirality in an achiral environment, they change their chirality in response to solvent and temperature, and they catalytically transfer their chirality. On the basis of these studies, a detailed mechanism for supramolecular chirality inversion triggered by specific molecular interactions between water molecules and the GwedgeC motif is proposed.
Education Engineer for Implement Safely & Security Based on Danger Response Behavior Types (2015)

We supposed that a worker of an enterprise has the danger response behavior types. We made an experiment, and I found out that the danger response behavior types exists actually 14 kinds. And we found the danger response behavior types different respectively. Since putting it in the group work, we also knew a worker transfer to dangerous behavior types from safe behavior types. So we made a group according to the behavior types and did safety training using appropriate curriculum and course. As a result, danger of a group decreased. So, We could confirm the effect of the safety training.
Neuroretinitis With Retrobulbar Involvement (2010)

Two patients with neuroretinitis are presented, both having MRI abnormalities of the orbital portion of the optic nerve. We review previous reports of CT and MRI findings in patients with neuroretinitis and propose a spectrum of neuroimaging abnormalities in these patients.