gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) as a Stimulus of the Human Acrosome Reaction and a Component of Ovarian Follicular Fluid: Correlation of Follicular ANP Content with <i>In Vitro</i> Fertilization Outcome (1994)

Atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) from several species induced the human acrosome reaction. The maximal response was highest for human ANP (18.6% above unstimulated or baseline values) and decreased progressively for peptides derived from animals lower on the phylogenetic scale. ANP concentrations required for a half-maximal effect in noncapacitated spermatozoa ranged from 0.07 to 0.38 nM. ANP induced the acrosome reaction in capacitated spermatozoa, but the concentration required was higher than in noncapacitated cells. The response in noncapacitated spermatozoa was independent of added extracellular Ca2+ and was completely inhibited by 1 microM LY83583 (inhibits particulate guanylate cyclase). However, 10 microM N omega-nitro-L-arginine (inhibits soluble guanylate cyclase) had no effect. ANP (80 pM) and 3 microM 1,2-dihexanoyl-sn-glycerol each induced a nearly half-maximal acrosome reaction. Added in combination, they produced no increased response, suggesting antagonism. Follicular fluid had variable levels of immunoreactive ANP. Average ANP content was nearly zero in samples that contained no oocyte at the time of aspiration but was higher (6.9 pM; 90% confidence limits = 1.67-28.72 pM) in follicular fluid containing oocytes that did not fertilize in vitro. Highest concentrations of ANP were present in follicular fluid containing oocytes that fertilized in vitro (72.8 pM; 90% confidence limits = 38.1-139.1 pM). These data suggest that noncapacitated spermatozoa can acrosome react without added extracellular Ca2+ in response to an extracellular ligand. Also, human spermatozoa appear to contain receptors for ANP similar to those found in other cell types. The ANP content of follicular fluid might partly explain the ability of follicular fluid to induce the acrosome reaction.
Typing of Scedosporium apiospermum by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (2001)

The genetic diversity among epidemiologically unrelated strains of the human pathogenic fungus Scedosporium apiospermum or its teleomorph, Pseudallescheria boydii, from different areas in Europe, was investigated by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Fourteen enzyme activities were analysed by starch gel electrophoresis, corresponding to 27 polymorphic loci and 43 iso-enzymes. Among the enzymes studied, propionate esterase, carboxyl esterase, superoxide dismutase, carbonate dehydratase and malate dehydrogenase were the most polymorphic, allowing the classification of the strains into 6-11 groups each. Combination of the data obtained for the different enzyme activities studied allowed differentiation of the strains. Similarly, a high polymorphism was also revealed by each of the 20 RAPD primers tested, but no single primer was able to differentiate all the strains. The most efficient primers were GC70, UBC-701 and UBC-703, which revealed 17 distinct genotypes each, and combination of the results obtained with this three-primer set allowed complete discrimination of the strains. The dendrograms obtained from MLEE or RAPD by the unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic average cluster analysis did not reveal any clustering according to the geographic origin of the strains or their pathogenicity.
Understanding sequence and reply relationships within email conversations (2003)

It has been proposed that email clients could be improved if they presented messages grouped into conversations. An email conversation is the tree of related messages that arises from the use of the reply operation. We propose two models of conversation. The first model characterizes a conversation as a chronological sequence of messages; the second as a tree based on the reply relationship. We show how existing email clients and prior research projects implicitly support each model to a greater or lesser degree depending on their design, but none fully supports both models simultaneously. We present a mixed-model visualization that simultaneously presents sequence and reply relationships among the messages of a conversation, making both visible at a glance. We describe the integration of the visualization into a working prototype email client. A usability study indicates that the system meets our usability goals and verifies that the visualization fully conveys both types of relationships within the messages of an email conversation.
Another statistical study in size of cowries (1961)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Letter: Differentiation of isomeric mercapturic acid pathway metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (1997)

Isomeric forms of the mercapturic acid pathway metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) can be differentiated by positive-ion electrospray collision-induced dissociation (CID) mass spectrometry at the nanogram level. The metabolite (±)-r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE), conjugated at position 10 (bay region) with cysteine, fragments to give characteristic ions at m/z 303 corresponding to a BP-triol cation, these ions are not observed in the CID spectra of BPDEs conjugated at position 7 (non-bay region).
OBSERVATIONS ON FECAL CONTINENCE MECHANISMS (1960)

Fecal continence depends on the integrity of three intestinal functions. One is the reduction of bulk by water absorption; another is the retention of fecal substance by reservoir action in certain parts of the colon; the third is the action of sphincters. Sphincteric continence is not merely a "purse-string" phenomenon but represents a more complex anorectal reflex. The receptor areas in the rectum were for many years considered to be in the mucosa; it is more likely that they are in the rectal musculature. Other assumptions about the physiology of continence mechanisms must similarly be revised. There is evidence that hitherto unexplained adaptive mechanisms enable the body to compensate for the surgical removal of some functional units.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Induction in the Exchange of Diastereotopic Bromine with Lithium Atoms. (1988)

Abstract The exchange reaction of diastereotopic groups in an open‐chain system, which has rarely been studied so far, is carried out by lithiation of dibromides (I) in the presence of an electrophile.
Real‐time autoshimming for echo planar timecourse imaging (2002)

Head motion within an applied magnetic field alters the effective shim within the brain, causing geometric distortions in echo planar imaging (EPI). Even if subtle, change in shim can lead to artifactual signal changes in timecourse EPI acquisitions, which are typically performed for functional MRI (fMRI) or diffusion tensor imaging. Magnetic field maps acquired before and after head motions of clinically realistic magnitude indicate that motion-induced changes in magnetic field may cause translations exceeding 3 mm in the phase-encoding direction of the EPI images. The field maps also demonstrate a trend toward linear variations in shim changes as a function of position within the head, suggesting that a real-time, first-order correction may compensate for motion-induced changes in magnetic field. This article presents a navigator pulse sequence and processing method, termed a "shim NAV," for real-time detection of linear shim changes, and a shim-compensated EPI pulse sequence for dynamic correction of linear shim changes. In vivo and phantom experiments demonstrate the detection accuracy of shim NAVs in the presence of applied gradient shims. Phantom experiments demonstrate reduction of geometric distortion and image artifact using shim-compensated EPI in the presence of applied gradient shims. In vivo experiments with intentional interimage subject motion demonstrate improved alignment of timecourse EPI images when using the shim NAV-detected values to update the shim-compensated EPI acquisition in real time.
Evolutionary coupling in the K<sub>V</sub>1.2-&beta;<sub>2</sub>complex (2010)

K(V)1.2 is a potassium channel protein whose electrophysiological properties, including an oxygen sensing response, are modulated by auxiliary beta subunits. The beta subunits are homologous to oxidoreductases, supporting a hypothesis that the coupling of the two subunits helps connect the redox state of the cell to the electrical activity of the membrane. However the exact mechanism of the coupling has not been discovered to-date. We apply evolutionary correlation analysis to infer previously unknown components of the interaction network regulating the response to hypoxia of the K(V)1.2/β₂ complex. Briefly, evolutionary correlation analysis involves finding correlated amino acid substitutions in functionally equivalent proteins (for both subunits) across a range of species. The method thus depends on a reliable method of inferring functionally equivalent (orthologous) proteins in different species, which method we describe in a paper recently published in PLoS ONE. One key finding is the characterization of a network of motif interactions between the α and the β subunits. By significance testing, we show that the likelihood of the correlations shown in the K(V)1.2-β two interaction motifs arising by chance is less than 0.0003, which shows that the correlations are statistically highly significant. We therefore believe that the correlations are likely to be biologically relevant. Other major findings are correlations between specific motifs in the K(V)1.2-β₂ complex and motifs in other proteins such as RACK1 and Eif36sip, which in turn are connected to the hypoxia response. Our paper combines this correlation with the literature evidence on potassium channel inactivation and hypoxia response to identify specific motifs to serve as experimental targets for studies focused on this response. This work aims to add to our general understanding of two major issues in ion channel science: 1) how multi-protein complexes including ion channels function in coordinated fashion, and 2) how ion channels mediate the conversation between the intracellular and extracellular environments. We also aim to apply to ion channel science the principle that domain-domain interactions in proteins can be inferred from correlation of amino-acid substitutions in sets of functionally equivalent proteins.
SiC High Temperature Electronics for Next Generation Aircraft Controls Systems (1996)

Several organizations, including Westinghouse, CREE, and ATM, as well as researchers in Japan and Europe, are working to develop SiC power devices for reliable, high power and high temperature environments in military, industrial, utility, and automotive applications. Other organizations, such as NASA Lewis and several universities, are also doing important basic work on basic SiC technology development. It has been recognized for two decades that the superior properties of SiC lead to range of devices with higher power, greater temperature tolerance, and significantly more radiation hardness than silicon or GaAs. This combination of superior thermal and electrical properties results in SiC devices that can operate at up to ten times the power density of Si devices for a given volume. Recent research has focused on the development of vertical metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (VMOSFET) power device technology, and complementary high speed, temperature-tolerant rectifier-diodes for power applications. We are also evaluating applications for field control thyristors (FCT) and MOS turn-off thyristors (MTO). The technical issues to be resolved for these devices are also common to other power device structures. The present paper reviews the relative benefits of various power devices structures, with emphasis on how the special properties of SiC enhance the desirability of specific device configurations as compared to the Si-based versions of these devices. Progress in SiC material quality and recent power device research will be reviewed, and the potential for SiC-based devices to operate at much higher temperatures than Si-based devices, or with enhanced reliability at higher temperatures will be stressed. We have already demonstrated 1000V breakdown, current densities of 1 kA/cm2, and measurements up to 400°C in small diodes. The extension of this work will enable the implementation of highly distributed aircraft power control systems, as well as actuator and signal conditioning electronics for next generation engine sensors, by permitting electronic circuits, sensors and smart actuators to be mounted on or at the engine.
Electronic structures of ternary‐layered semiconductor TlGaSe<sub>2</sub> investigated by photoemission spectroscopy (2013)

Abstract Electronic structures of the ternary‐layered semiconductor TlGaSe 2 have been investigated by hard and soft X‐ray photoemission spectroscopies (HAXPES and SXPES). The spectral shape of all core levels obtained from HAXPES and SXPES can be represented by a symmetric Lorentzian, reflecting the semiconducting nature of TlGaSe 2 . Peak positions of the same bulk components, obtained from HAXPES and SXPES, are almost the same. This suggests that the recoil effect is ignorable for TlGaSe 2 and that the HAXPES spectra of this material provide us the information on the intrinsic bulk electronic structures. The valence‐band HAXPES spectrum is composed of two main features and is well reproduced by the theoretical calculation. The estimated value of 2.0 eV for the energy gap is consistent with the results from the optical measurements. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface activity and radiation field measurements of the TMI-2 reactor building gross decontamination experiment (1983)

Surface samples were collected from concrete and metal surfaces within the Three Mile Island Unit 2 Reactor Building on December 15 and 17, 1981 and again on March 25 and 26, 1982. The Reactor Building was decontaminated by hydrolasing during the period between these dates. The collected samples were analyzed for radionuclide concentration at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The sampling equipment and procedures, and the analysis methods and results are discussed. The measured mean surface concentrations of /sup 137/Cs and /sup 90/Sr on the 305-ft elevation floor before decontamination were, respectively, 3.6 +- 0.9 and 0.17 +- 0.04 ..mu..Ci/cm/sup 2/. Their mean concentrations on the 347-ft elevation floor were about the same. On both elevations, walls were found to be considerably less contaminated than floors. The fractions of the core inventories of /sup 137/Cs, /sup 90/Sr, and /sup 129/I deposited on Reactor Building surfaces prior to decontamination were calculated using their mean concentrations on various types of surfaces. The calculated values for these three nuclides are 3.5 +- 0.4 E-4, 2.4 +- 0.8 E-5, and 5.7 +- 0.5 E-4, respectively. The decontamination operations reduced the /sup 137/Cs surface activity on the 305- and 347-ft elevations by factors of 20 and 13, respectively. The /sup 90/Sr surface activity reduction was the same for both floors, that being a factor of 30. On the whole, decontamination of vertical surfaces was not achieved. Beta and gamma exposure rates that were measured during surface sampling were examined to determine the degree to which they correlated with measured surface activities. The data were fit with power functions of the form y = ax/sup b/. As might be expected, the beta exposure rates showed the best correlation. Of the data sets fit with the power function, the set of December 1981 beta exposure exhibited the least scatter. The coefficient of determination for this set was calculated to be 0.915.
Mechanism of translation of the bicistronic mRNA encoding human papillomavirus type 16 E6-E7 genes (1994)

The transforming genes E6 and E7 of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and other HPV types are expressed from a bicistronic mRNA with a characteristic spacing of 3 to 6 bp between the termination codon of E6 and the initiation codon of E7. Plasmid pSP64E6E7 which contains the reading frames of both E6 and E7 was constructed in order to study the expression of both proteins in a coupled transcription/rabbit reticulocyte translation system. Both E6 and E7 proteins were expressed simultaneously. This translation could be interfered with by antisense oligonucleotides corresponding to various regions of the transcript. Antisense oligonucleotides targeted at sequences flanking either side of the translation initiation codon of the E6 open reading frame were effective in inhibiting the synthesis of both proteins, whereas oligonucleotides complementary to the coding regions downstream of the first start codon showed either a considerably reduced effect or none at all. In particular, there was limited inhibition of E7 translation by antisense oligonucleotides flanking the translation start region of the E7 gene. In the presence of RNase H, it was possible to selectively inhibit the synthesis of either E6 or E7 by several gene-internal antisense oligonucleotides. We conclude that HPV16 E6-E7 bicistronic mRNA is fully functional and that both proteins are translated with equal efficiency via the scanning mechanisms with reinitiation at the second open reading frame. In addition, both AE6 and AE7 may have therapeutical potential as they are capable of inhibiting the proliferation of CaSki cells which contain the HPV16 genome.
Downregulation of Renin Gene Expression by Interleukin-1 (1997)

Abstract The As4.1 cell line was established from a mouse kidney tumor by transgene-targeted tumorogenesis. These cells express high levels of renin mRNA from their endogenous renin gene and release approximately eightfold-more prorenin than active renin in culture. Levels of renin mRNA in As4.1 cells are decreased in a dose-dependent manner by the addition of physiological concentrations of cytokine interleukin-1 to the media. Stability of renin mRNA and initial rates of release of active renin and prorenin were not significantly altered by interleukin-1. In contrast, transcription initiated from a construct that consisted of 4.1 kilobases of renin 5′ flanking sequence fused to a reporter gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) was markedly inhibited by interleukin-1. On the basis of our findings, we conclude that downregulation of renin synthesis caused by interleukin-1 occurs primarily at the level of transcription and that DNA sequence or sequences mediating that effect are positioned within 4.1 kilobases upstream of the renin gene. The physiological relevance of this regulation is related to the events that occur during septic shock, characterized by hypotension, cardiovascular collapse, multiple organ failure, and high mortality. Unexpectedly, hypotension associated with septic shock does not lead to activation of the renin-angiotensin system. The hypotension in septicemia is believed to be mediated by the combined action of many modulators including cytokines, and data presented here suggest direct involvement of interleukin-1 in this process.
Pharmacodynamics of Polymyxin B against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2005)

Despite limited data, polymyxin B (PB) is increasingly used clinically as the last therapeutic option for multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacterial infections. We examined the in vitro pharmacodynamics of PB against four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Clonal relatedness of the strains was assessed by random amplification of polymorphic DNA. Time-kill studies over 24 h were performed with approximately 10(5) and 10(7) CFU/ml of bacteria, using PB at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16x MIC. Dose fractionation studies were performed using an in vitro hollow-fiber infection model (HFIM) against a wild-type and a MDR strain. Approximately 10(5) CFU/ml of bacteria were exposed to placebo and three regimens (every 8 h [q8 h], q12 h, and q24h) simulating the steady-state unbound PB pharmacokinetics resulting from a daily dose of 2.5 mg/kg of body weight and 20 mg/kg (8 times the clinical dose). Samples were obtained over 4 days to quantify PB concentrations, total bacterial population, and subpopulation with reduced PB susceptibility (>3x MIC). The bactericidal activity of PB was concentration dependent, but killing was significantly reduced with a high inoculum. In HFIM studies, a significant reduction in bacterial load was seen at 4 h in all active regimens, but selective amplification of the resistant subpopulation(s) was apparent at 24 h with the clinical dose (both strains). Regrowth was eventually observed in all dosing regimens with the MDR strain, but its occurrence was prevented in the wild-type strain by using 8 times the clinical dose (regardless of dosing intervals). Our results suggested that the bactericidal activity of PB was concentration dependent and appeared to be related to the ratio of the area under the concentration-time curve to the MIC.
Architecture and Modern Art (1952)

One Aspect of contemporary art which has not received the amount of attention it deserves from artists, historians and critics alike is the problem of integrating painting, sculpture and architecture into a modern symphony of creative form. It seems odd that we who pride ourselves on our cultural accomplishments not only have failed, thus far, to produce a true amalgam; but what is more serious, have failed, seemingly, to recognize the need and desirability of such a program. Certainly, there has been no widespread and concerted effort in America to bring the arts together since WPA days. Nor are there strong and positive indications that the situation will change for some time to come.
ANALIZA FISICA LOS MATERIALES DE LIMAS DE ENDODONCIA (1989)

ANALIZA FISICA LOS MATERIALES DE LIMAS DE ENDODONCIA. PRUEBAS CON TECNICAS NUCLEARES. TRABAJOS PARA ABATIR COSTOS DE ALGUNOS DE LOS MATERIALES DE IMPORTACION QUE UTILIZA LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGIA (P. 13). PRODUCIR E INCORPORARTECNOLOGIA DE PUNTA, RETO DE AL. DE ACUERDO CON SUS NECESIDADES. POSIBLE CREAR COMPLEJOS INDUSTRIALES Y DESARROLLAR TECNOLOGIA AVANZADA EN PAISES DEL TERCER MUNDO.
Stimulation of Reparative Dentin Formation by <i>Ex Vivo</i> Gene Therapy Using Dental Pulp Stem Cells Electrotransfected with <i>Growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11)</i> (2004)

Dental pulp progenitor/stem cells have the capacity to differentiate into odontoblasts and they provide a potential for dentin repair and regeneration by gene therapy. To develop a successful ex vivo gene therapy to induce reparative dentin formation rapidly and effectively after treatment of caries, we developed a three-dimensional pellet culture system of pulp cells electrotransfected with growth/differentiation factor 11 (Gdf11). The viability after electrotransfection was more than 85%, and the efficiency was about 70% as determined by flow cytometry. After 10 days of culture, the total amount of type I and type III collagen was 3-fold higher in the pEGFP-Gdf11-transfected pellet than in the control. Real-time RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that the expression of markers of odontoblast differentiation (alkaline phosphatase, dentin matrix protein 1 [Dmp1], dentin sialophosphoprotein [Dspp], enamelysin, and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on X-chromosome [Phex]) was increased in the pEGFP-Gdf11-transfected pellet compared with the control on day 14. On the basis of this in vitro evaluation, an in vivo investigation in the dog was performed. Autogenous transplantation of Gdf11-transfected cells cultured as a pellet on amputated pulp stimulated reparative dentin formation. Thus, Gdf11 gene therapy may be potentially used in endodontic treatment in dentistry.