gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical testing of software based on a usage model (1995)

Abstract In statistical testing, a model is developed to characterize the population of uses of the software, and the model is used to generate a statistically correct sample of all uses of the software. A software ‘usage model’ characterizes the population of intended uses of the software in the intended environment. Statistical testing based on a software usage model ensures that the failures that will occur most frequently in operational use will be found early in the testing cycle. The usage model is based on the software specification. The model can be developed in parallel with the software, thus shortening the elapsed time required to develop the deliver software. Usage modeling has been demonstrated to be an activity that improves the specification, gives an analytical description of the specification, quantifies the testing costs and, with statistical testing, provides a basis from which inferences of software reliability may be made. This paper describes the justification for statistical testing of software using a usage model, describes procedures for developing and using a usage model and discusses several usage modeling issues and recent advances in usage model applications.
Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning (1989)

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.
Chlorhexidine gluconate and acetate in patch testing (1991)

Patch testing to chlorhexidine is usually performed with chlorhexidine gluconate aq. We report the results of 297 patients, almost all with leg ulcers, concomitantly tested with chlorhexidine acetate 1% aq. and chlorhexidine gluconate 1% aq. 39 patients had positive reactions to one of these compounds or to both. 36 positive reactions to the acetate were found, in contrast to 18 reactions to the gluconate. The reactions were considered relevant in 22 of 39 patients, since these patients had developed an eczema in an area where a chlorhexidine compound was used, and discontinuing the chlorhexidine compound resulted in improvement of the condition. In 10 of these 22 patients, the diagnosis would have been missed if the gluconate only had been used for testing, while the acetate failed to diagnose 2 patients. In 109 patients without leg ulcers, inconclusive patch test readings (i.e., irritant reactions or weak positive reactions) were found in 17% with chlorhexidine acetate 1% aq., compared to 5% with chlorhexidine gluconate 1% aq., indicating a high degree of irritant potential of the acetate 1% aq. We consider that some positive reactions are lost if chlorhexidine gluconate 1% aq. only is used for patch testing, but that chlorhexidine acetate 1% aq., on the other hand, is an unacceptably strong irritant. We therefore suggest that further testing with chlorhexidine acetate 1 and 0.5% aq. should be performed, in parallel with chlorhexidine gluconate 1% aq., in order to establish appropriate test concentrations. We find that up to 13% of the leg ulcer patients in this study may be sensitized to chlorhexidine, and we recommend that the indications for the drug in leg ulcer patients should be reconsidered.
A New Reconstruction Method for 3D Buildings from 2D Vector Floor Plan (2014)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
Experimental Studies on Laser-based Hot-melt Bonding of thermosetting Composites and Thermoplastics (2011)

This paper presents experimental results of joining carbon fiber (CF) reinforced thermosetting composites (TSC) to thermoplastics (TP) by means of laser-based hot-melt bonding. First of all the influence of different laser systems (λ = 355 nm and λ = 1064 nm) on the ablation of the thermosetting matrix (epoxy) with preferably little damage to the CF is analyzed by means of microscopy. Afterwards the laser-based joining process of TSC and TP is carried out. Finally the joining connections are characterized by tensile shear tests. Thereby the influence of the surface treatment and the used thermoplastic (PC/ABS, PA66 or PA66-GF30) on the tensile shear strength is investigated.
Different effects of N-glycosylation on the thermostability of highly homologous bacterial (1,3-1,4)- -glucanases secreted from yeast (1994)

Genes encoding Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase (AMY), B. macerans (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanase (MAC), and a series of hybrid enzymes containing N-terminal sequence segments of different length derived from AMY with the remaining C-terminal segment derived from MAC, were expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cells secreted active enzyme into the medium. While the quantity of N-glycan linked to the different enzymes was similar, pronounced differences in thermotolerance were observed when the glycosylated enzymes were compared with the unglycosylated counterparts produced in Escherichia coli. Glycosylated AMY and hybrid enzyme H(A16-M), consisting of 16 N-terminal amino acids derived from AMY with the remaining C-terminal segment from MAC, exhibited a 7.5- and 1.6-fold increase in half-life at 70 degrees C, pH 6.0. N-terminal sequencing established that only two out of three sites for potential N-glycosylation of H(A16-M) secreted from yeast were actually glycosylated. Removal of N-glycans by endoglycosidase H and peptide:N-glycosidase F from H(A16-M) resulted in a 16- and 133-fold decrease of thermostability, demonstrating that N-glycans are a major determinant for the resistance of this enzyme to thermal inactivation. Glycosylated MAC and hybrid enzymes H(A36-M), H(A107-M) and H(A152-M) had increased thermostability but hybrid enzyme H(A78-M) was less thermostable. N-Glycosylation thus changes thermostability of (1,3-1,4)-beta-glucanases with similar primary structure in a variable, so far unpredictable way.
Targeted Noninvasive Imaging of EGFR-Expressing Orthotopic Pancreatic Cancer Using Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography (2014)

Detection of orthotopic xenograft tumors is difficult due to poor spatial resolution and reduced image fidelity with traditional optical imaging modalities. In particular, light scattering and attenuation in tissue at depths beyond subcutaneous implantation hinder adequate visualization. We evaluate the use of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) to detect upregulated epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in orthotopic pancreatic xenografts using a near-infrared EGF-conjugated CF-750 fluorescent probe. MSOT is based on the photoacoustic effect and thus not limited by photon scattering, resulting in high-resolution tomographic images. Pancreatic tumor-bearing mice with luciferase-transduced S2VP10L tumors were intravenously injected with EGF-750 probe before MSOT imaging. We characterized probe specificity and bioactivity via immunoblotting, immunocytochemistry, and flow cytometric analysis. In vitro data along with optical bioluminescence/fluorescence imaging were used to validate acquired MSOT in vivo images of probe biodistribution. Indocyanine green dye was used as a nonspecific control to define specificity of EGF-probe accumulation. Maximum accumulation occurred at 6 hours postinjection, demonstrating specific intratumoral probe uptake and minimal liver and kidney off-target accumulation. Optical bioluminescence and fluorescence imaging confirmed tumor-specific probe accumulation consistent with MSOT images. These studies demonstrate the utility of MSOT to obtain volumetric images of ligand probe biodistribution in vivo to detect orthotopic pancreatic tumor lesions through active targeting of the EGF receptor.
The Malnutrition of Obesity: Micronutrient Deficiencies That Promote Diabetes (2012)

Obesity and diabetes are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Despite excessive dietary consumption, obese individuals have high rates of micronutrient deficiencies. Deficiencies of specific vitamins and minerals that play important roles in glucose metabolism and insulin signaling pathways may contribute to the development of diabetes in the obese population. This paper reviews the current evidence supporting this hypothesis.
Transcoding Algorithm for AMR and EVRC Vocoders Via Direct Parameter Transformation (2002)

In this paper, a novel transcoding algorithm for the Adaptive Multi Rate(AMR) and the Enhanced Variable Rate Codec(EVRC) vocoders via direct parameter transformation is proposed. In contrast to the conventional tandem transcoding algorithm, the proposed algorithm converts the parameters of one coder to the other without going through the decoding and encoding processes. The proposed algorithm consists of the parameter decoding, frame classification, mode decision, and transcoders for two frame types. The transcoders convert the parameters such as LSP, frame energy, pitch delay for the adaptive codebook, fixed codebook vector, and codebook gains. Evaluation results show that while exhibiting better computational and delay characteristics, the proposed algorithm produces equivalent speech quality to that produced by the tandem transcoding algorithm.
Unknown Word and Phrase Extraction Using a Phrase-Like-Unit-Based Likelihood Ratio (2000)

In this paper, we propose a statistical method to extract unknown words and phrases from sentences in a specific domain. The unknown words or phrases are defined as phrase-like units (PLU) that can be the combinations of some words in the lexicon or some characters that appear together. A PLU-based likelihood ratio is proposed to extract possible PLUs. Two principles, overlap competition and inclusion competition, are used to decide the final unknown words or phrases. The method not only can detect unknown words or phrases but also can correct the errors from word segmentation. Additionally, this method is expandable and portable to other domains. We collected articles from MSDN (Min Sheng Daily News) over half a year to construct a corpus containing over 275,000 sentences in the corpus. We randomly choose 175,000 sentences from the corpus as the experimental corpus. The recall rate and the precision rate are used to evaluate our proposed method. Using the extraction method, the recall rate achieved 88.7% while the precision rate achieved 88.2%. The experimental results show that the method can detect unknown words and phrases automatically and efficiently from sentences in a specific domain.
OPERA (1973)

Journal Article OPERA Get access Britten, Benjamin, Owen Wingrave, Op. 85. Vocal score. ( Faber Music, London, 1973, £10.00.) J. A. W. J. A. W. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume LIV, Issue 4, October 1973, Pages 511-a–511, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/LIV.4.511-a Published: 01 October 1973
Double hierarchical generalized linear models (2008)

Proofs subject to correction. Not to be reproduced without permission. Confidential until read to the Society. Contributions to the discussion must not exceed 400 words. Contributions longer than 400 words will be cut by the editor.
The Management of Acute Heart Failure and Diuretic Therapy (2009)

One million patients are hospitalized each year with acute decompensated heart failure, and up to 20% of these patients are rehospitalized within a month after the acute presentation. Acute heart failure (AHF) accounts for 50,000 deaths annually and is the most frequent reason for hospital admissions in the United States. This article reviews the therapeutic options and the results of recent clinical trials in the treatment of AHF. Most patients can be effectively managed by use of diuretic agents or diuretics in combinations with nitrates, IV nitroglycerin, IV nitroprusside, and possibly IV nesiritide. Ultrafiltration is a promising technique that can be very helpful in the resistant patient. However, given the ease of initiation of diuretic therapy, it is unlikely that ultrafiltration would supplant diuretic use in acutely symptomatic patients. Patients in acute distress with AHF almost invariably respond to diuretics or a vasodilator combined with diuretic therapy. The loop diuretics are the most effective diuretics and thus most frequently used agents in treating AHF. Currently, there are 4 loop diuretics in the US market: furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, and ethacrynic acid. IV furosemide and ethacrynic acid have a prompt venous dilatory effect, consequently decrease left ventricular filling pressure and immediately relieve symptoms of pulmonary congestion, before a diuresis can occur. Furosemide is more often used than ethacrynic acid due to its reduced ototoxic potential. However, ethacrynic acid should be used in sulfa-sensitive patients because ethacrynic acid is the only loop diuretic, which does not contain a sulfa moiety.
A Guide to Usability: Human Factors in Computing (1993)

About this Guide Who Is This Guide For? How to Use This Guide? 1. Introduction to HCI 2. The Human Element: Applying Psychology 3. System Development 4. System and Interface Features 5. Software Tools and Prototyping 6. Evaluation 7. Future trends
The relationship between emotional intelligence and customer orientation for pharmaceutical salespeople (2010)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships between salesperson emotional intelligence, dispositional affectivity, and customer‐orientation levels in pharmaceutical marketing. Design/methodology/approach A total of 71 pharmaceutical salespeople working in the UK provided responses to scales designed to assess emotional intelligence, dispositional affectivity (positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) and customer orientation). The emotional intelligence and dispositional affectivity scores provided by the salespeople were then analyzed to determine the degree to which they related to customer‐orientation levels. Findings The findings indicate that salesperson emotional intelligence levels are positively correlated with their customer‐orientation scores. Positive dispositional affectivity levels are also significantly correlated with salesperson customer‐orientation levels. This result suggests that UK pharmaceutical salespeople who possessed more PA tended to also be more positively oriented to the customer. However, NA levels are not significantly correlated with salesperson customer‐orientation levels. Research limitations/implications From a theoretical perspective, these findings provide a venue for future research in professional sales which could focus on the relationships existing between salesperson behaviors/characteristics that relate to salesperson customer‐orientation, skills, social desirability, and performance. Practical implications From a practical basis, the findings suggest that pharmaceutical firms in the UK who are focused on increasing the customer‐orientation levels of their sales force would be well advised to assess the emotional intelligence and dispositional affectivity levels of both their potential and current salespeople and use this information in their selection and training activities. Originality/value The research reported provides an initial assessment of the relationship between these variables in a pharmaceutical sales situation in the UK.
Child health in China (1985)

This paper reviews the existing data, mainly Chinese publications, on childhood diseases in order to assess the health status & morbidity patterns of Chinese children. China's infant mortality rate is among the very lowest in the developing world. The number of post-neonatal deaths as a proportion of total infant death has decreased to a level comparable to a developed country. The epidemiologic pattern of vaccine preventable diseases indicates that immunization activities have had a significant impact on the occurrence of these diseases. The overall prevalence of infectious diseases is decreasing and, relatively, the frequency of congenital defects is increasing as a major cause of childhood mortality. However, fecal-borne diseases such as dysentery, hepatitis, & ascariasis are still the predominant causes of morbidity. A secular improvement in the nutritional status of Chinese children is noted, but mild to moderate malnutrition still persists. This review looks at: the impact of the one-child family policy, which is creating different demands on the maternal & child health care service network; technological shortcomings in immunization activities, which are affecting coverage; the lack of better technical training, which is influencing health reporting & surveillance systems.
Document clustering using gravitational ensemble clustering (2015)

Text Mining is a field that is considered as an extension of data mining. In the context of text mining, document clustering is used to set apart likewise documents of a collection into the identical category, called cluster, and divergent documents to distinctive groups. Since every dataset has its own characteristics, finding an appropriate clustering algorithm that can manage all kinds of clusters, is a big challenge. Clustering algorithms has theirs unique approaches for computing the number of clusters, imposing a structure on the data, and attesting the out coming clusters. The idea of combining different clustering is an effort to overwhelm the faults of single algorithms and further enhance their executions. On the other hand, inspired by the gravitational law, different clustering algorithms have been introduced that each one attempted to cluster complex datasets. Gravitational Ensemble Clustering (GEC) is an ensemble method that employs both the concepts of gravitational clustering and ensemble clustering to reach a better clustering result. This paper represents an application of GEC to the problem of document clustering. The proposed method uses a modification of the original GEC algorithm. This modification tries to produce a more varied clustering ensemble using new parameter setting. The GEC algorithm is assessed using document datasets. Promising results of the presented method were obtained in comparison with competing algorithms.
Whole-genome expression profiling through fragment display and combinatorial gene identification (2004)

There is a growing demand for highly parallel gene expression analysis with whole genome coverage, high sensitivity and high accuracy. Open systems such as differential display are capable of analyzing most of the expressed genome but are not quantitative and generally require manual identification of differentially expressed genes by sequencing. Closed systems such as microarrays use gene-specific probes and are, therefore, limited to studying specific genes in well-characterized species. Here, we describe Tangerine, a PCR-based system that combines the scope and generality of open systems with a robust and immediate identification algorithm using publicly available sequence information. By combinatorial analysis of three independent and complete DNA indexing profiles, each displaying the complete set of expressed transcripts on capillary electrophoresis, the method allows transcripts to be simultaneously quantified and identified. The method is sensitive, accurate and reproducible, and is amenable to high-throughput automated operation.
<title>Multispectral pattern projection range finder</title> (1999)

Although many types of range finders have been developed recently, with most method it is difficult to implement actual equipment to measure small objects. So we developed a new range finder based on a color pattern projection method to measure small objects such as ball bumps of a BGA- package. The range finder consists of a LCD projector, a color CCD camera, and a PC with a video input/output interface. The projection pattern consists of color stripes whose color is continuously changed like rainbow-color. Calculation of range is derived from distortion of color stripes in the image obtained by the CCD camera. In general, in a color pattern projection method, it is known that the color of the object surface may give erroneous results in the measurement. We developed a method to cancel the error. Three kinds of projection patterns are prepared and they are projected in turns. These three patterns are phase shifted by 1/3 cycle form each other in turn. Three imags are taken by the CCD camera respectively at the time. The images taken while the three phase patterns are projected are backward phase shifted and synthesized into one image by pixel-wise addition. In our prototype equipment, the whole measuring area of the equipment is 32mm by 43mm by 22mm, where the height corresponds to the range. In this case, though a projection pattern has only one cycle, we can use repetitive projection patterns to improve the range accuracy. At that time the height of the measuring area is decreased according to the repetition count. For evaluation of range accuracy, we measured ceramic gage blocks whose thicknesses are known. The worst case range error was about 1 percent full-scale using 5.5 times repetitive patterns, and at this time the equipment had a measuring area of 4mm in height.
Autoradiographic investigations of glial proliferation in the brain of adult mice. The DNA synthesis phase of neuroglia and endothelial cells (1973)

Abstract The proliferation of glial cells outside the subependymal layer of the lateral ventricle as well as of endothelial cells was studied autoradiographically in the brain of the adult and untreated mouse. The double labeling method with 3 H‐ and 14 C‐thymidine was applied in order to show experimentally the existence of a DNA synthesis phase (S phase) and to measure its duration. Adult mice received a first injection of 14 C‐thymidine, two or four hours later a second injection of 3 H‐thymidine and were sacrificed one hour after the last injection by perfusion fixation. Double layer autoradiographs were made from serial sections of the region from the corpus callosum/commissura anterior up to the corpus callosum/commissura fornicis ventralis in order to register purely 3 H‐, doubly 3 H‐ and 14 C‐, and purely 14 C‐labeled nuclei. From the ratio of all 3 H‐labeled cells with and without 14 C to the purely 3 H‐labeled cells a DNA synthesis phase of 9.4 ± 0.5 hours for glial cells and one of 11.0 ± 2.2 hours for endothelial cells was obtained. Based on the first appearance of labeled mitoses and labeled pairs of glial cells after injections of labeled thymidine the G 2 phase was estimated to be < three hours and G 2 + M about five hours. The duration of the measured S phase as well as the appearance of labeled mitoses about three hours after application of labeled thymidine are very similar to these cycle parameters in many other somatic cells in different kinds of animals. This has led to the conclusion that a well‐defined DNA synthesis phase with doubling of the DNA content and a successive mitosis also exists in glial and endothelial cells of the adult mouse brain.