gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron capture dissociation of peptides metalated with alkaline-earth metal ions (2006)

The possible use of divalent alkaline-earth metal ions, including Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+, as charge carrier for electron capture dissociation of peptides was investigated. Model peptides of RGGGVGGGR and NGGGWGGGN were used to simplify the interpretation of spectral information. It was demonstrated that useful electron capture dissociation (ECD) tandem mass spectra of these metalated peptides could be generated. Interestingly, peptides metalated with different alkaline-earth metal ions generated very similar ECD tandem mass spectra. Metalated c-ions and z-ions were the predominant fragment ions. Only Mg2+-metalated peptides gave somewhat different results. Some nonmetalated c-ions were observed from ECD of [RGGGVGGGR + Mg]2+ but not from [NGGGWGGGN + Mg]2+. Together with some ab initio calculations, it was established that the bound metal ions might activate the acidity of the amide hydrogen. With the presence of high proton affinity moiety, such as N-terminal amino group and/or side chain of the arginine residues, the metalated peptide ions could exist predominantly in their zwitterion forms, in which one or two backbone amide group(s) was deprotonated and the high proton affinity functional group(s) was protonated. It was believed that electron capture leads primarily to the reduction of the mobile proton rather than the metal ions. With this zwitterion model, the formation of nonmetalated c-fragments and the generation of similar ECD spectra for peptides metalated with various alkaline-earth metal ions could readily to be explained. Another interesting observation in the ECD mass spectra of metalated peptides is related to the enhanced formation of the minor ECD products, i.e., (c - 1)(+*) and (z + 1)+ ions. Together with ab initio calculations using a truncated peptide model, various possible reaction mechanisms for the formation of these minor ECD products were evaluated. It was concluded that hydrogen transfer between the initiated formed c and z(.) species plays an important role in the formation (c - 1)(+*) and (z + 1)+ ions. Although peptides metalated with these metal ions do not have better ECD efficiency compared to the multiply-protonated peptides, it provides practical accessibility of ECD methods to analyze small peptides with no basic amino acid residues.
Expression of the calcium-sensing receptor on human antral gastrin cells in culture. (1997)

The presence of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor on human antral gastrin cells was investigated. Reverse transcription PCR using mRNA isolated from gastrin cell- enriched cell cultures identified a product with a sequence identical to part of the human parathyroid-secreting cell calcium-sensing receptor. Immunocytochemistry with an antibody to the extracellular region of the receptor immunostained all gastrin cells (but not mucin or somatostatin cells), and detected appropriate-sized bands in Western blots of whole cell lysates. Increasing extracellular calcium levels from 0.5 to 9 mM stimulated gastrin release in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal release obtained at 7.2 mM. A known agonist of the calcium receptor, spermine also stimulated gastrin release. Microfluorimetry of identified gastrin cells demonstrated that increasing extracellular calcium resulted in an initial rapid rise in intracellular calcium followed by a plateau level that returned to basal levels immediately after removal of the elevated calcium. The traces were consistent with activation of a receptor-mediated mechanism rather than a concentration-dependent influx of calcium. In conclusion, these data indicate that G cells express the calcium-sensing receptor, and that activation of the receptor may explain the acid rebound phenomenon associated with calcium-containing antacid preparations.
Nutrients and HIV: part two--vitamins A and E, zinc, B-vitamins, and magnesium. (2000)

There is compelling evidence that micronutrient deficiencies can profoundly affect immunity; micronutrient deficiencies are widely seen in HIV, even in asymptomatic patients. Direct relationships have been found between deficiencies of specific nutrients, such as vitamins A and B12, and a decline in CD4 counts. Deficiencies appear to influence vertical transmission (vitamin A) and may affect progression to AIDS (vitamin A, B12, zinc). Correction of deficiencies has been shown to affect symptoms and disease manifestation (AIDS dementia complex and B12; diarrhea, weight loss, and zinc), and certain micronutrients have demonstrated a direct anti-viral effect in vitro (vitamin E and zinc). The previous article in this series focused on selenium and beta carotene deficiencies in HIV/AIDS. This literature review elucidates how deficiencies of the micronutrients zinc, magnesium, vitamins A, E, and specific B vitamins relate to HIV symptomology and progression, and clearly illustrates the need for nutritional supplementation in HIV disease.
Markenspezifisches Herstellermarketing (1978)

Markenartikel in weitester Fassung sind Objekte aller Art, also Waren, Dienstleistungen, Chancen und Systeme, die einen erkenn- und entzifferbaren Namen tragen. Die Kernvorstellung innerhalb dieses weiten Rahmens ist der industrielle Markenartikel: Waren oder auf Waren basierende Objektsysteme, die industriell gefertigt werden. Die Industrie hat die Marke nicht erfunden, aber sie hat den damit gekennzeichneten Artikeln Marktgeltung verschafft.
Self-exercising checkers for unified built-in self-test (UBIST) (1989)

An original built-in self-test (BIST) scheme is proposed aimed at covering some of the shortcomings of self-checking circuits and applicable to all tests needed for integrated circuits. In this scheme, self-checking techniques and built-in self-test techniques are combined in an original way to take advantage of each other. The result is a unified BIST scheme (UBIST), allowing high fault coverage for all tests needed for integrated circuits, e.g., offline test (design verification, manufacturing test, maintenance test) and online concurrent error detection. An important concept introduced is that of self-exercising checkers. The strongly code-disjoint property of the checkers is ensured for a very large class of fault hypotheses by internal test pattern generation, and the design of the checkers is simplified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Handling temporal constraints in Workflow model for Planning and Scheduling (2010)

The integration of Planning and Scheduling (P&S) and Workflow is a significant challenge for knowledge acquisition in planning and scheduling. There has been some work on the definition of workflow that allowed non-experts entering knowledge on the organization process to be used in planning and scheduling. To date, however, temporal constraints handled in the workflow model for planning and scheduling has been little explored. This paper describes a means to exploit workflow patterns in modeling of planning and scheduling. And temporal constraints are presented and propagated on an associated Simple Temporal Network in order to check temporal consistency in the modeling phase. We also propose a graphic modeling tool. It helps users to modeling and acquiring knowledge conveniently.
Erratum: Price of Anarchy in Transportation Networks: Efficiency and Optimality Control [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>101</b>, 128701 (2008)] (2009)

10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.049905
Recent advances in high-k nanocomposite materials for embedded capacitor applications (2008)

In this paper, a wide variety of high dielectric constant (k) composite materials which have been developed and evaluated for embedded capacitor application are reviewed. Current research efforts toward achieving high dielectric performance including high-k and low dielectric loss for polymer composites are presented. New insights into the effect of unique properties of the nanoparticle filler, filler modification and the dispersion between filler and polymer matrix on the dielectric properties of the nanocomposites are discussed in details.
Viscoelastic properties of semiflexible filamentous bacteriophage fd (2000)

The cytoskeletal protein filament F-actin has been treated in a number of recent studies as a model physical system for semiflexible filaments. In this work, we studied the viscoelastic properties of entangled solutions of the filamentous bacteriophage fd as an alternative to F-actin with similar physical parameters. We present both microrheometric and macrorheometric measurements of the viscoelastic storage and loss moduli, G'(f ) and G"(f ), respectively, in a frequency range 0.01<f<4 Hz, for fd solutions in the concentration range 5<c<15 mg/ml. The onset of a narrow and slanted plateaulike region of G'(f ) is located at around 2 Hz. The variation of the plateau modulus with concentration obeys a power law G(')(N) approximately c(1.4+/-0.3), similar to that found for entangled solutions of F-actin. In the low-frequency regime, the frequency dependence of the viscoelastic moduli can be described by power laws G'(f ) approximately f(0.9-1.2) and G"(f ) approximately f(0.7-0.9), which deviate significantly from the simple theoretical predictions of G'(f ) approximately f(2) and G"(f ) approximately f(1). The latter behavior cannot yet be understood within the framework of current theories of semiflexible filament networks. For the dynamic viscosity at the low shear rate limit, a concentration dependence of eta(0) approximately c(2.6) was found. Finally, a linear scaling of the terminal relaxation time with concentration, tau(d) approximately c, was observed.
Preparation and properties of thermally evaporated lead germanate films (1980)

Ferroelectric lead germanate (Pb5Ge3O11) films were fabricated by thermal evaporation on n-type silicon substrates. Characterization of the films was made on the basis of substrate temperature, rate of evaporation, annealing time and temperature, and their interdependence. The crystallinity of the film depends on the substrate temperature; films grown at room temperature are amorphous. At high substrate temperatures crystalline films can be obtained, but the as-grown films which were crystalline in nature were found to be nonferroelectric. The conductivity of these films was very much higher than that of the bulk crystals. This may be attributed to O2 deficiency in the films. The loss of stoichiometry was recovered by annealing the films in an atmosphere of Pb and O2 at 600 °C for 6 h. A clear dielectric anomaly, offset in the dc conductivity near the transition temperature, and good hysteresis loops were observed in the annealed films of thickness ≳1 μm.
Our food in a changing climate : growth, yield, and nutrient changes of sweet potato grown across the spectrum of CO2 concentrations projected in the next 150 years (2014)

The majority of CO2 fertilization studies have focused on rice, wheat, and soybean; however, climate change is expected to have greatest impact on regions of the world that rely heavily on root crops. This is the first study of its kind to determine how CO2 fertilization effects Ipomoea batatas Lam. (sweet potato) growth and nutrient concentrations across a full trajectory of CO2 concentrations projected for the next 150 years. A total of 64 sweet potato plants were grown to maturity in a split plot designed study with CO2 concentration (353, 763, 1,109, and 1,515 ppm) as the whole plot factor and fertilizer (conventional vs. organic) as the split-plot factor. We observed increases in average above-ground dry biomass at 763 ppm (24%, 13%), 1,109 ppm (25%, 41%), and 1,515 ppm (31%, 43%) and average storage root dry biomass increased at 763 ppm (95%, 88%), 1,109 ppm (99%, 62%), and 1,515 ppm (118%, 71%) for both conventional and organic treatments, respectively. Chemical analyses suggest that the increased biomass may be nutrient depleted due to significant (P < 0.05) increases in carbohydrates (4.4%, 2.0%) and decreases in protein (-34.6%,-28.6%) and phosphorus (-24.0%,-11.3%) concentrations for both the conventional and organic treatment, respectively. Significant decreases in magnesium (-25.8%) and decreasing trends (P < 0.1) were also found for calcium (-46.7%), sodium (-18.4%), iron (-42.1%) and manganese (-70.8%) for the conventional treatment. Decreased nutrient content of I. batatas grown under elevated CO2 could have negative implications globally, especially in developing countries that are already nutrient limited. The storage root biomass response of sweet potato exceeded the extrapolated trajectory of non-root crop experiments by 63 percent at 1520 ppm, indicating sweet potato may be better at utilizing very high atmospheric CO2 concentrations compared to non-root crop species. Storage root fertilization under very high CO2 concentrations could dramatically supplement crop production in some of the poorest nations of the world, provided that the response found for sweet potato represents a generalized root-crop response and can be extrapolated to agricultural systems. The dramatically enhanced performance of conventionally (i.e., synthetic) over organically (i.e., manure-based) fertilized plants suggests that optimal nutrient availability will be crucial for support of enhanced crop production at elevated pCO2.
On the occurrence of Phenacite and Scheelite at Wheal Cock, St. Just, Cornwall (1920)

James Sowerby in his ‘British Mineralogy’ describes and figures sider the head of ‘Argilla electrica’ or ‘White Tourmaline’ a mineral which was undoubtedly phenacite. The specimen was sent to Sowerb,y by a Mr. Herbert in 1804, and was said to have been found in a mine in St. Just, Cornwall. According to Sowerby's description and from the eoloured plate which he gives of the specimen, the mineral occurred as long-prismatlc, colourless crystals , some of which were doubly terminated and lying upon and partly penetrated by mass of prismatic quartz crystals. The crystals were ‘so divided by cracks and flaws in general as to appear of an opaque whiteness in parts’.
Impedance specifications for stable DC distributed power systems (2002)

In a DC distributed power system, the interaction between individually designed power modules/subsystems may cause the instability of the whole system. In a small-signal sense, system level stability is determined by the impedance ratio Z/sub o//Z/sub i/. Here, Z/sub o/ is the output impedance of the source module/subsystem, and Z/sub i/ is the input impedance of the load module/subsystem. As a result, an effective way to prevent system instability is defining impedance specifications for modules/subsystems. This paper briefly summarizes existing works and introduces the authors' contribution in defining impedance specifications. A new forbidden region for impedance ratio Z/sub o//Z/sub i/ on the S-plane is proposed as the system stability margin requirement. Based on this proposed forbidden region, the impedance specifications of individual loads are established. Further, a very practical measurement approach is developed to examine whether or not the system stability margin requirement of the forbidden region is satisfied.
State and Regional Prevalence of Diagnosed Multiple Chronic Conditions Among Adults Aged ≥18 Years — United States, 2014 (2016)

The prevalence and care management of multiple (two or more) chronic conditions (MCC) are important public health concerns (1). Approximately 25% of U.S. adults have diagnoses of MCC (2). Care management of MCC presents a challenge to both patients and providers because of the substantial costs associated with treating more than one condition and the traditional care strategies that focus on single conditions as opposed to enhanced care coordination (3,4). Maintaining surveillance, targeting service delivery, and projecting resources are all important to meet this challenge, and these actions can be informed by identifying state and other regional variations in MCC prevalence (5,6). Data from the 2014 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used to estimate prevalence of MCC (defined as two or more of 10 diagnosed chronic conditions) for each U.S. state and region by age and sex. Significant state and regional variation in MCC prevalence was found, with state-level estimates ranging from 19.0% in Colorado to 38.2% in Kentucky. MCC prevalence also varied by region, ranging from 21.4% in the Pacific region to 34.5% in the East South Central region. The prevalence of MCC was higher among women than among men within certain U.S. regions, and was higher in older persons in all regions. Such findings further the research and surveillance objectives stated in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) publication, Multiple Chronic Conditions: A Strategic Framework (1). Furthermore, geographic disparities in MCC prevalence can inform state-level surveillance programs and groups targeting service delivery or allocating resources for MCC prevention activities.
Effect of vacuum level and suction time on vacuum assisted drainage of a paper machine wire section (1995)

The effect of various vacuum levels and their effective dwell times on the solids content of the paper web was studied. The study was made with a specially designed laboratory drainage tester, in which suction time and vacuum levels could be dynamically varied. The results were compared to the drainage measurements taken on a pilot machine. The initial change in moisture content versus time of effective suction is very rapid. After the rapid initial dewatering a nearly constant level of moisture content is obtained; the airflow through the web does not continue to efficiently remove water The experimental results are also described by a simple empirical formula. The predictive capability of this formula is examined with a case study of a pilot machine. An example of suction profile optimization, based on laboratory measurements, is presented for a commercial machine.
A Positive Resistance Up-Converter for Ultra-Low-Noise Amplification (1966)

An ultra-low-noise two-channel tunable amplifier system, operating in the 1.5 to 2.5 GHz frequency range, consisting of a cooled positive resistance parametric up-converter followed by a traveling-wave maser (TWM) and down-converter, has been developed. A theoretical analysis of the important operating and design parameters of the up-converter is presented and experimentally verified. Experimental data is given on the operation of the up-converter with the input and output ports reversed (down-converter), and is shown to correlate with the theoretical model. A brief discussion is presented on the TWM, and the spurious signal considerations which govern the choice of maser center frequency (up-converter output frequency). Finally, some preliminary system data is given showing the low noise performance of the overall cascaded amplifier integrated with a 4.2/spl deg/K closed-cycle refrigerator.
고립성 폐결절에 관한 임상적 고찰 (1993)

Background : Because there aremany different reporting results about the etologies of solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs), we cannot know the exact incidence of each causative disease. SPNs have a good prognosis relatively even if it is a malignant lesion. In Korea, where there is a high incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, the differential diagnosis of SPNs should be performed. Methods : Among 351 patients who visited Wonju Chistian Hospital for SPNs in chest x-ray between 1982 and 1989, we evaluated 74 patients in whom the causes of SPNs could be elucidated by sputum AFB study, cytology, histolgic study, chest of solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) seen at the Wonju Christian Hospital from 1982 to 1989. The followings were obtained. 1) The malignancies of SPN 74cases were 25 cases (33.7%). The primary lung carcinomas were 24 cases : The epidermoid carcinomas of these were 11 cases (45.8%), metastasis I case, tuberculoma 42 cases, and the other 7 cases. 2) The age distribution of benign lesions was from 19 to 73 years old with the mean age of 46 years old, and the age distribution of malignancies was from 17 to 77 years old with the mean age of 57 years old. The 23 cases (92.0%) of malignant nodules were more than 40 years old. The malignant frequency of SPN in a group of age more than 40 years old was 40.3% and in a group of age less than 40 years old, it was 11.7%. The malignant frequency was directly proportional to the increase of age(p<0.05). 3) The 3 cases of SPN were detected accidentally during physical up, all were benign. The 14 cases were detected during the evaluation of other diseases, 12 cases were benign. The 23 cases (40%) of 57 cases were symptomatic. Chest pain, dyspnea, and weight loss frequency in a group of less than 3cm in size was 11.9% and in a group of less than 3cm in size, it was 62.5% (p<0.05). 6) Calcifications were noted in 15 cases of 74 cases on the plain films, all were 7 central types, 7 diffuse types and 1 popcorn type. One of malignant cases had calcification on the chest CT scar. Among the 59 cases with non-calcified nodules, 25 cases were malignant (42.3%). The mean Hounsfield Unit of benign lesions was 182.5U and that of malignancies was 94U, there was a statistical difference between both groups(p<0.01). 7) The 21 cases (50%) of tuberculomas were located at the apicoposterior segment of upper lobe or the superior segment of lower lobe, but the 7 cases (28%) of malignancies were located at above sites. 8) The diagnostic accuracy of sputum study was 9.4% and that of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) was 33.3%. The diagnostic accuracy of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy (TTNAB) was 57.4%. The percentage of primary lung cancer among SPNs which are larger than 3cm in size, occurring in the age of older than 40 years old and with no calcifications on radiologic examintion should be suspected as malignancies and diagnosed with sputum study, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, TBLB, and TTNAB.
The Potential Public Health and Community Impacts of Safer Injecting Facilities: Evidence From a Cohort of Injection Drug Users (2003)

Several variables that have recently been associated with overdose, syringe sharing, HIV and HCV incidence, and community impact of illicit drug use in this setting were associated with willingness to attend medically supervised SIFs. Although the impact of SIFs in North America can only be quantified by scientific evaluation, these data indicate a high potential for immediate community and public health benefits if SIFs were presently available.
Value of PD-L1, PD-1, and CTLA-4 Expression in the Clinical Practice as Predictors of Response to Nivolumab and Ipilimumab in Monotherapy in Patients With Advanced Stage Melanoma (2020)

Nivolumab produces a better response compared with ipilimumab in patients with melanoma. The IHC expression of PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are associated with a higher response rate to nivolumab and ipilimumab, respectively, and better PFS, but the existence of responder patients with negative expression suggests that they are not adequate biomarkers to select candidate patients for ICI in the clinical practice.