gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-SAINT: a simulation modeling tool customized for workload and information flow analysis (2003)

C-SAINT is a customized version of the Fortran-based simulation language SAINT (systems analysis of integrated networks of tasks) for modeling large, complex systems (D.J. Seifert and G.P. Chubb, 1978). C-SAINT is formally presented, and how it will facilitate workload and information analysis tool development for the cockpit automation technology (CAT) program is described. C-SAINT includes several modifications to SAINT that improve its abilities to represent branching processes and to dynamically allocate resources to activities. Two additional output files are generated, and modifications have been made to the content of the detailed iteration report. Potential applications are briefly described, specifically, analysis of modified Petri nets and adaptive network analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iteratively reweighted algorithms for compressive sensing (2008)

The theory of compressive sensing has shown that sparse signals can be reconstructed exactly from many fewer measurements than traditionally believed necessary. In [1], it was shown empirically that using ℓ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sup> minimization with p ≪ 1 can do so with fewer measurements than with p = 1. In this paper we consider the use of iteratively reweighted algorithms for computing local minima of the nonconvex problem. In particular, a particular regularization strategy is found to greatly improve the ability of a reweighted least-squares algorithm to recover sparse signals, with exact recovery being observed for signals that are much less sparse than required by an unregularized version (such as FOCUSS, [2]). Improvements are also observed for the reweighted-ℓ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> approach of [3].
A carbon-fiber electrode array for long-term neural recording (2013)

Carbon fiber electrode bundles may provide a scalable solution for long-term neural recordings of densely packed neurons.
Integration and energy management of large-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage station (2012)

The battery energy storage system can provide flexible energy management solutions that can improve the power quality of renewable-energy hybrid power generation systems. This paper firstly introduced the integration and monitoring technologies of large-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage station (BESS) demonstrating in SGCC national wind/PV/BESS and trans. demonstration project in Zhangbei, Hebei province, China. Then, the SCADA platform and battery energy management system (BEMS) used for the BESS have been presented. Some experiments and applications results obtained from the demonstration project have also been discussed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy.
Long‐term Effects of Status Epilepticus in the Immature Brain Are Specific for Age and Model (2003)

Whereas the seizure threshold to generalized seizures was not altered, animals with SE at P20 showed an increased susceptibility to kindling in adulthood.
Physical mechanisms behind the ion-cut in hydrogen implanted silicon (2002)

Hydrogen implanted silicon has been shown to cleave upon annealing, thus facilitating the transfer of thin silicon slices to other substrates, a process known as “ion-cut.” In our experiments 〈100〉 silicon wafers were implanted with 40 keV protons to a variety of ion doses ranging from 1×1016 to 1×1017 cm−2 and subsequently annealed at 600 °C. The samples were studied before and after annealing by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy in channeling mode, elastic recoil detection analysis, atomic force microscopy, and electron microscopy. Mechanical stresses in the material, caused by proton irradiation, were determined by measuring changes in curvature of the silicon samples utilizing a laser scanning setup. For H doses of ⩾5×1016 cm−2 ion cutting in the form of “popping off” discrete blisters was obtained. Our analyses of the cleavage mechanisms had shown that the ion-cut location in silicon is largely controlled by the lattice damage that is generated by the H implantation process. At lower H doses, the location of the cut correlates well with the damage peak and can be explained by damage induced in-plane stress and the corresponding elastic out-of-plane strain. However, at higher implantation doses the ion-cut location shifts toward a deeper region, which contains lower damage and a sufficient concentration of H. This effect can be explained by a rapid decrease of the elastic out-of-plane strain coinciding with changing fracture mechanics at high H concentrations in heavily damaged silicon.
High temperature thermal energy storage in steel and sand (1979)

The technical and economic potential for high temperature (343 C, 650 F) thermal energy storage in hollow steel ingots, pipes embedded in concrete, and for pipes buried in sand was evaluated. Because it was determined that concrete would separate from pipes due to thermal stresses, concrete was replaced by sand, which is free from thermal stresses. Variations of the steel ingot concept were not cost effective compared to the sand-pipe approach, therefore, the sand-pipe thermal storage unit (TSU) was evaluated in depth to assess the approximate tube spacing requirements consistent with different system performance characteristics and also attendant system costs. For large TSUs which do not require fast response times, the sand-pipe approach offers attractive possibilities. A pipe diameter about 9 cm (3.5 in) and pipe spacing of approximately 25 cm (10 in), with sand filling the interspaces, appears appropriate. Such a TSU system designed for 8 hours charge/discharge cycle has an energy unit storage cost (CE) of $2.63/kWhr-t and a power unit storage cost (Cp) of $42/kW-t (in 1977 dollars).
The Relationship between Chromosome Aberrations and Low LET Radiation Dose to Human Lymphocytes (1975)

In vitro dose-response curves of unstable chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes have been obtained for 250 kV X-rays and cobalt-60gamma-radiation. The aberration yields have been fitted to the quadratic function Y = alphaD +betaD2, which is consistent with the single-track and two-track model for aberration formation. The values of the coefficients alpha and beta support the hypothesis that the dose-rate effect is limited to the D2 term. The main difference between the coefficients for X- and gamma-radiation is in the alpha values, indicating that X-rays are slightly more efficient, at lower doses, in producing two lesions with a single ionizing track. The lower limits of dose estimate, with 500 cells analysed, are 4 rad for X-rays and 10 rad gamma-radiation. Further evidence is presented confirming that, for cytogenetic dosimetry, in vitro dose-response curves should be prepared by irradiating whole blood maintained at 37 degrees C and prior to PHA stimulation. Curves were plotted showing the variation of the number of cells without aberrations with radiation dose and the shape of these curves were compared with those from human cell survival experiments.
Pengaruh Patient Satisfaction terhadap Behavioral Intention pada Pasien Luka Diabetes Melitus dalam Melakukan Perawatan Luka (The Influence of Patient Satisfaction on Behavioral Intention in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Wounds in Conducting Wound Care) (2019)

Pendahuluan: Peningkatan jumlah pasien di Rumah Luka Surabaya dari tahun ke tahun. Pada tahun 2017 sebanyak 2100 pasien yang melakukan perawatan luka akibat Diabetes Melitus (DM). Pada tahun 2018 sampai bulan Mei sebanyak 1900 pasien. Hal ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah pasien yang melakukan perawatan luka akibat DM di Rumah Luka Surabaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh patient satisfaction terhadap behavioral intention pada pasien luka diabetes mellitus dalam melakukan perawatan luka di Rumah Luka Surabaya. Metode: Penelitian ni adalah penelitian observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2019 di Rumah
Luka Surabaya. Sampel penelitian adalah 30 pasien di Rumah Luka Surabaya. Metode pengambilan sampel dengan simple random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner. Analisis data dengan regresi linier. Hasil: Sebagian besar responden adalah perempuan (63%), usia 46-55 tahun (43%). Lama DM yang diderita responden adalah 0-2 tahun (80%). Hal ini dikarenakan responden yang memiliki riwayat DM yang tidak dikelola dengan baik sehingga dapat terjadi penyumbatan pembuluh darah atau penyakit arteri perifer. Tingkat kepuasan pasien yang dirasakan pasien adalah sangat puas (76,6%) dan behavioral intention yang dimiliki pasien adalah baik (100%). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pasien memiliki pengaruh terhadap behavioral intention (p=0,000). Kesimpulan: kepuasan pasien dapat memengaruhi behavioral intention pasien.
Crowdsourcing Ground Truth for Medical Relation Extraction (2018)

Cognitive computing systems require human labeled data for evaluation and often for training. The standard practice used in gathering this data minimizes disagreement between annotators, and we have found this results in data that fails to account for the ambiguity inherent in language. We have proposed the CrowdTruth method for collecting ground truth through crowdsourcing, which reconsiders the role of people in machine learning based on the observation that disagreement between annotators provides a useful signal for phenomena such as ambiguity in the text. We report on using this method to build an annotated data set for medical relation extraction for the cause and treat relations, and how this data performed in a supervised training experiment. We demonstrate that by modeling ambiguity, labeled data gathered from crowd workers can (1) reach the level of quality of domain experts for this task while reducing the cost, and (2) provide better training data at scale than distant supervision. We further propose and validate new weighted measures for precision, recall, and F-measure, which account for ambiguity in both human and machine performance on this task.
A high Q single inductive transistor arrangement (1967)

The inductive effect in single transistors has been re-examined, Unlimited values of the Q can be achieved by adding a small external capacitor between the emitter and base terminals of a transistor. Some of the theoretical and experimental results are presented for the Q and the inductance values.
Biocompatible Nanoparticles with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics as Far‐Red/Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Bioprobes for In Vitro and In Vivo Imaging Applications (2011)

Abstract Light emission of 2‐(2,6‐bis(( E )‐4‐(diphenylamino)styryl)‐4 H ‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)malononitrile (TPA‐DCM) is weakened by aggregate formation. Attaching tetraphenylethene (TPE) units as terminals to TPA‐DCM dramatically changes its emission behavior: the resulting fluorogen, 2‐(2,6‐bis(( E )‐4‐(phenyl(4′‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)amino)styryl)‐4 H ‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)malononitrile (TPE‐TPA‐DCM), is more emissive in the aggregate state, showing the novel phenomenon of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). Formulation of TPE‐TPA‐DCM using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the polymer matrix yields uniformly sized protein nanoparticles (NPs) with high brightness and low cytotoxicity. Applications of the fluorogen‐loaded BSA NPs for in vitro and in vivo far‐red/near‐infrared (FR/NIR) bioimaging are successfully demonstrated using MCF‐7 breast‐cancer cells and a murine hepatoma‐22 (H 22 )‐tumor‐bearing mouse model, respectively. The AIE‐active fluorogen‐loaded BSA NPs show an excellent cancer cell uptake and a prominent tumor‐targeting ability in vivo due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect.
Tumor detection in digital mammograms (2002)

A novel approach for detecting microcalcifications in digital mammograms is proposed. The noisy and impulsive nature of normal breast tissue in mammograms leads to high false-positive rates, thereby impairing detection performance. The authors address this issue by first observing that the distribution of pixel values is heavy-tailed. A statistical-physical noise model, based on the generalized central limit theorem and simple models for X-ray attenuation, distribution of breast tissue, and the digitization process, is presented to explain the presence of outliers. The authors use this model to derive an optimal statistical test to detect breast abnormalities in symmetric alpha-stable (S/spl alpha/S) noise. The resulting algorithm yields a constant false-alarm rate (CFAR) S/spl alpha/S microcalcification detector that is robust in impulsive noise environments. Experimental results on mammogram images from the Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Surface engineering of macrophages with nanoparticles to generate a cell-nanoparticle hybrid vehicle for hypoxia-targeted drug delivery. (2010)

Tumors frequently contain hypoxic regions that result from a shortage of oxygen due to poorly organized tumor vasculature. Cancer cells in these areas are resistant to radiation- and chemotherapy, limiting the treatment efficacy. Macrophages have inherent hypoxia-targeting ability and hold great advantages for targeted delivery of anticancer therapeutics to cancer cells in hypoxic areas. However, most anticancer drugs cannot be directly loaded into macrophages because of their toxicity. In this work, we designed a novel drug delivery vehicle by hybridizing macrophages with nanoparticles through cell surface modification. Nanoparticles immobilized on the cell surface provide numerous new sites for anticancer drug loading, hence potentially minimizing the toxic effect of anticancer drugs on the viability and hypoxia-targeting ability of the macrophage vehicles. In particular, quantum dots and 5-(aminoacetamido) fluorescein-labeled polyamidoamine dendrimer G4.5, both of which were coated with amine-derivatized polyethylene glycol, were immobilized to the sodium periodate-treated surface of RAW264.7 macrophages through a transient Schiff base linkage. Further, a reducing agent, sodium cyanoborohydride, was applied to reduce Schiff bases to stable secondary amine linkages. The distribution of nanoparticles on the cell surface was confirmed by fluorescence imaging, and it was found to be dependent on the stability of the linkages coupling nanoparticles to the cell surface.
An Efficient Photoinduced Deprotection of Aromatic Acetals and Ketals (2011)

Abstract A novel type of photodeprotection reaction of simple aromatic acetals and ketals is described. The deprotection is highly efficient under optimized conditions. The aromatic ring confers the photoreactivity to the compounds. The efficiency of the process depends on the structure of the acetal moiety. The common minor side reaction, the photooxidation, becomes the major reaction pathway in the cases of cyclic acetals. The use of photon as only reagent makes this procedure especially attractive for acetal deprotection.
A Feature Set for Cytometry on Digitized Microscopic Images (2002)

Feature extraction is a crucial step in most cytometry studies. In this paper a systematic approach to feature extraction is presented. The feature sets that have been developed and used for quantitative cytology at the Laboratory for Biomedical Image Analysis of the GSF as well as at the Center for Image Analysis in Uppsala over the last 25 years are described and illustrated. The feature sets described are divided into morphometric, densitometric, textural and structural features. The latter group is used to describe the eu- and hetero-chromatin in a way complementing the textural methods. The main goal of the paper is to bring attention to the need of a common and well defined description of features used in cyto- and histometrical studies. The application of the sets of features is shown in an overview of projects from different fields. Finally some rules of thumb for the design of studies in this field are proposed. Colour figures can be viewed on http://www.esacp.org/acp/2003/25-1/rodenacker.htm.
Assay of Trace <scp>d</scp>-Amino Acids in Neural Tissue Samples by Capillary Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2006)

A sensitive chiral capillary HPLC-MS/MS method well suited for the determination of amino acid enantiomers in biological samples was developed. The method involved precolumn derivatization of the sample with 7-fluoro-4-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD-F). After derivatization, NBD-amino acids were stacked on a C18 reversed-phase extraction microcolumn, thus enriching and cleaning up the analytes. Various chiral stationary phases (CSPs) including cyclodextrin-bonded silica, Pirkle-type, vancomycin, and teicoplanin-bonded silica particles were evaluated for resolving NBD-F tagged amino acid enantiomers with mobile phases compatible with MS detection. It was found that only teicoplanin aglycon CSP provided sufficient resolution of NBD-Asp and NBD-Ser enantiomers to quantify trace levels of D-Asp and D-Ser in tissue samples. MS/MS detection of NBD-amino acid derivatives was very sensitive and selective. The high selectivity allowed the use of a stable isotope-labeled analyte analogue (i.e., L-aspartic acid-2,3,3-d3) as internal standard for the quantitation to improve assay reproducibility and reliability. Neural tissue samples dissected from rat brain and the central nervous system (CNS) of Aplysia californica, a widely used neuronal model, were analyzed to determine the chirality of glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp), and serine (Ser). The former two are major excitatory amino acids in the brain, and the last one has been recently identified as a neuromodulator. Both D-Ser and D-Asp were detected in rat brain. While the D-Asp level decreased rapidly through the developmental stages of the rat, the D-Ser level increased steadily from 82.3 microg/g of wet tissue in 3-day prenatal rats to 241.3 microg/g of wet tissue in 90-day-old rats. Interestingly, no D-Ser was detected in the CNS of Aplysia, a "primitive" invertebrate. However, the D-Asp level in this animal was found to be high. In a particular connective nerve sample, D-Asp was at 323.2 microg/g of wet tissue and constituted 60.2% of total Asp. D-Glu was not detected either in rat brain or in Aplysia's CNS.
Monte Carlo study of transport properties in junctionless transistors (2010)

This paper applies the Monte Carlo method to study junctionless transistors in order to define trade-offs in the configuration of the channel and compare the results with conventional MOS transistors.
Die Valenzisomerisierung des 9.10-Dewarisomers zum 9-t-Butylanthrazen (1982)

Abstract By DTA calorimetry the enthalpy of valence isomerization of 1-t-butyl-dibenzo-2,5-bicyclo-(2,2,0)-hexadiene (9-t-butyl-9,10-Dewar-anthracene) 2 to 9-t-butylanthracene 1 has been determined as -172±5 kJ mol -1 in decaline at 350 K. Photochemically the isomerization 2→1 occurs with the high quantum yield of Φ R ≅O.4 in contrast to the low quantum yield of the reverse photo-isomerization 1→2 of Φ R = 0.016 [5]. Since other meso-substituted anthracenes, e.g. 9-methyl-anthracene or 9-trimethylsilyl-anthracene do not photoreact to Dewar-isomers, it is concluded that a deformation of the anthracene sceleton is a prerequisite for this type of valence isomerization.
Continuous active T-gate travelling-wave transistor (1989)

In the letter experimental results are presented which show that a continuous active gate travelling-wave transistor (TWT) can be used for medium power applications in a wide bandwidth. To reduce the gate resistance, a T-gate configuration has been chosen. This allows us to extend the frequency bandwidth of such a device. Simulations have been performed using small-and large-signal models taking in addition the parasitic capacitances into account A distributed Schottky diode has been used to adjust the phase synchronisation and therefore to achieve fllat gain.
SmartLMK (2016)

As the mobile computing environment evolves, users demand high-quality apps and better user experience. Consequently, memory demand in mobile devices has soared. Device manufacturers have fulfilled the demand by equipping devices with more RAM. However, such a hardware approach is only a temporary solution and does not scale well in the resource-constrained mobile environment. Meanwhile, mobile systems adopt a new app life cycle and a memory reclamation scheme tailored for the life cycle. When a user leaves an app, the app is not terminated but cached in memory as long as there is enough free memory. If the free memory gets low, a victim app is terminated and the associated memory to the app is reclaimed. This process-level approach has worked well in the mobile environment. However, user experience can be impaired severely because the victim selection policy does not consider the user experience. In this article, we propose a novel memory reclamation scheme called SmartLMK . SmartLMK minimizes the impact of the process-level reclamation on user experience. The worthiness to keep an app in memory is modeled by means of user-perceived app launch time and app usage statistics. The memory footprint and impending memory demand are estimated from the history of the memory usage. Using these values and memory models, SmartLMK picks up the least valuable apps and terminates them at once. Our evaluation on a real Android-based smartphone shows that SmartLMK efficiently distinguishes the valuable apps among cached apps and keeps those valuable apps in memory. As a result, the user-perceived app launch time can be improved by up to 13.2%.
Sur un problème de I. Glicksberg : les idéaux fermés de type fini de <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (1978)

Soit <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , algèbre de convolution des mesures de Radon bornées sur le groupe abélien localement compact <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> </mml:math> . Pour que <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>*</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> soit fermé dans <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> (ou, ce qui revient au même, pour que <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>*</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>G</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> soit fermé), il faut et il suffit que <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> </mml:math> soit la convolution d’une mesure inversible et d’une mesure idempotente.