gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression analyses of OsPNH gene in rice leaf development (2000)

We studied the molecular mechanisms of lateral organ formation from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) through isolation and characterization of genes. An Arabidopsis PINHEAD/ZWILLE gene is thought to play an important role in SAM formation. We have isolated a homologous gene of rice called OsPNH1 and investigated the expression pattern around the SAM by in situ analyses. In wild types, OsPNH1 expression was detected in the developing young leaf primordia rather than in the SAM itself. In the early stage of primordia development, OsPNH1 was expressed in the center of the leaf primordia and its expression was focused on expected regions of the midvein and large vascular bundles. The earliest expression of OsPNH1 was observed in the specific region of the SAM, which would produce the next leaf primordia (P0). In sho (shoot organization) mutant leaves, which are narrow-like tendrils, the region of OsPNH1 expression was observed only in the midvein and in a few vascular bundles throughout primordia development. Based on these expression analyses, we believe that the OsPNH1 gene plays a role in lateral organ formation from the SAM.
DICOM Structured Reporting (2004)

Supplement 23 to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) is an introduction to the structured reporting (SR) classes, which are used for transmission and storage of clinical documents. The SR classes fully support both conventional free-text reports and structured information, thus enhancing the precision, clarity, and value of clinical documentation. In addition, the SR standard provides the capability to link text and other data to particular images or waveforms and to store the coordinates of findings. In other words, SR documents not only describe the specific features contained in images or waveforms but can also refer to any number of images or waveforms. Accordingly, SR bridges the traditional gap between imaging systems and information systems. Furthermore, SR plays an essential role in Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise by providing healthcare practitioners with an effective tool that encompasses a variety of clinical contexts. Harmonization of DICOM SR and the Health Level Seven clinical document architecture standard is under way.
Measurement of radiation hardness of PET components (2009)

1N-BEAM PET has given valuable feedback on treatment quality over the 11 years of operation time between 1997 and 2008 of the heavy ion treatment facility at the Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Darmstadt. Based on this technical expertise a next generation of in-beam PET scanners will be developed. An experiment addressing the question whether the detectors and electronic components used in state-of-the-art PET-systems are suitable regarding radiation hardness for configuring a future in-beam PET scanner was performed at the medical beam line of GSI. The detectors used in conventional current PET scanners can be utilized to configure a new in-beam PET scanner for ion therapy units. They have been exposed to a secondary particle fluence equivalent up to 13 years of usage in an in-beam PET scanner. No damage was found analyzing the detectors and the electronics after the experiment.
Rate-Distortion Optimized Vector Spiht Forwavelet Image Coding (2007)

In this paper, a novel image coding scheme using rate-distortion optimized vector quantization of wavelet coefficients is presented. A vector set partitioning algorithm is used to locate significant wavelet vectors which are classified into a number of classes based on their energies, thus reducing the complexity of the vector quantization. The set partitioning bits are reused to indicate the vector classification indices to save the bits for coding of the classification overhead. A set of codebooks with different sizes is designed for each class of vectors, and a Lagrangian optimization algorithm is employed to select an optimal codebook for each vector. The proposed coding scheme is capable of trading off between the number of bits used to code each vector and the corresponding distortion. Experimental results show that our proposed method outperforms other zerotree-structured embedded wavelet coding schemes such as SPIHT and SFQ, and is competitive with JPEG2000.
Simultaneous Determination of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of MDR1 Genes by Electrochemical DNA Chip (2005)

The on-chip genotyping system ("the electrochemical DNA chip") has been developed as a more cost-effective genotyping system and was applied to MDR1 genotyping in the present study, which is required for wide use in clinical application and for personalized medication based on genotype. The electrochemical DNA chip was optimized and applied to simultaneous genotyping of four MDR1 polymorphisms (T-129C, C1236T, G2677(A,T) and C3435T) using synthetic model oligonucleotide DNA and human genomic DNA. The electrochemical DNA chip successfully gave the T-129C, C1236T, G2677(A,T) and C3435T genotypes, which were completely consistent with those determined by direct sequencing. In conclusion, the electrochemical DNA chip is useful for simultaneous determination of some genotypes and haplotypes, and efficient genotyping using this system can support future genotype-phenotype studies at a large scale.
CNI1/ATL31, a RING‐type ubiquitin ligase that functions in the carbon/nitrogen response for growth phase transition in Arabidopsis seedlings (2009)

Plants are able to sense and respond to changes in the balance between carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) metabolite availability, known as the C/N response. During the transition to photoautotrophic growth following germination, growth of seedlings is arrested if a high external C/N ratio is detected. To clarify the mechanisms for C/N sensing and signaling during this transition period, we screened a large collection of FOX transgenic plants, overexpressing full-length cDNAs, for individuals able to continue post-germinative growth under severe C/N stress. One line, cni1-D (carbon/nitrogen insensitive 1-dominant), was shown to have a suppressed sensitivity to C/N conditions at both the physiological and molecular level. The CNI1 cDNA encoded a predicted RING-type ubiquitin ligase previously annotated as ATL31. Overexpression of ATL31 was confirmed to be responsible for the cni1-D phenotype, and a knock-out of this gene resulted in hypersensitivity to C/N conditions during post-germinative growth. The ATL31 protein was confirmed to contain ubiquitin ligase activity using an in vitro assay system. Moreover, removal of this ubiquitin ligase activity from the overexpressed protein resulted in the loss of the mutant phenotype. Taken together, these data demonstrated that CNI1/ATL31 activity is required for the plant C/N response during seedling growth transition.
NIST WUI Project - MLB Superbat Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System User Manual (2015)

This manual presents the user with field level instructions for the deployment, basic operation and pre-flight processes of the NIST WUI Project MLB Superbat Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Systems. This manual does not supersede any manufacture instruction, publications or materials provided regarding operation of the MLB Superbat airframe, CloudCap software or third party developed applications and interfaces.
CNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators Glutamate Edited by Trevor W. Stone. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1995. 380 pp. 18.5 × 26 cm. ISBN 0-8493-7631-9. $159.95. (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook ReviewNEXTCNS Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators Glutamate Edited by Trevor W. Stone. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 1995. 380 pp. 18.5 × 26 cm. ISBN 0-8493-7631-9. $159.95.John Wm. FerkanyView Author Information Oceanix Biosciences Corp. Hanover, Maryland 21076Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 3, 808–809Publication Date (Web):February 2, 1996Publication History Published online2 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm950756mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm950756mbook-reviewACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Biology,Monomers,Nervous system diseases,Peptides and proteins,Receptors Get e-Alerts
Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonist Administration in Olfactory Bulbectomized Mice Restores Cognitive Impairment through Cholinergic Neuron Activation (2018)

Olfactory bulbectomized (OBX) mice are characterized by impaired performance in the passive avoidance test and decreased number of cholinergic neurons in the hippocampus. Several studies have reported that κ-opioid receptor agonists improve cognitive function in mice. However, their influence on OBX-induced cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. To address this question, we evaluated the effects of the endogenous κ-opioid receptor agonist dynorphin A (Dyn A) and the selective agonist trans-(-)-U-50488 on the behavior of OBX mice in the passive avoidance test. The cognitive dysfunction of OBX mice was significantly recovered by the intracerebroventricular administration of Dyn A or trans-(-)-U-50488. The effects of these two agonists were counteracted by the selective κ-opioid receptor antagonist nor-binaltorphimine or the inhibitor of acetylcholine release β-bungarotoxin. These findings suggest that κ-opioid receptor agonists produce anti-dementia effects through activation of cholinergic neurons in OBX mice.
Effects of an Ambient Air Pollution Intervention and Environmental Tobacco Smoke on Children's Respiratory Health in Hong Kong (1996)

Air quality can be improved by fuel controls but an effective intersectoral approach is required if other risks from environmental tobacco smoke are to be avoided.
The Modulation Scale Spectrum and its Application to Rhythm-Content Description. (2014)

In this paper, we propose the Modulation Scale Spectrum as an extension of the Modulation Spectrum through the Scale domain. The Modulation Spectrum expresses the evolution over time of the amplitude content of various frequency bands by a second Fourier Transform. While its use has been proven for many applications, it is not scale-invariant. Because of this, we propose the use of the Scale Transform instead of the second Fourier Transform. The Scale Transform is a special case of the Mellin Transform. Among its properties is scale-invariance. This implies that two timestretched version of a same music track will have (almost) the same Scale Spectrum. Our proposed Modulation Scale Spectrum therefore inherits from this property while describing frequency content evolution over time. We then propose a specific implementation of the Modulation Scale Spectrum in order to represent rhythm content. This representation is therefore tempo-independent. We evaluate the ability of this representation to catch rhythm characteristics on a classification task. We demonstrate that for this task our proposed representation largely exceeds results obtained so far while being highly tempo-independent.
New 2,3-diaminopropionic acidinhibitors of AGE and ALE formation (2012)

Novel 2,3-diaminopropionic acid-based molecules were synthesised and tested successfully as glyoxal/methylglyoxal scavengers and as AGE inhibitors. Addition of an 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety led to an increase of the overall activity. The compounds tested in this study were also proved to be efficient in trapping ALE precursor malondialdehyde.
PD-L1 and HER2 expression in gastric cancer (GC) patients (pts) using cell-free RNA (cfRNA). (2016)

e15539 Background: In clinical practice, the majority of tumor biology information comes from an initial specimen. The ability to assess changes across time can direct treatment selection. Liquid biopsies of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) released into the bloodstream by tumor are currently under investigation as a surrogate for tissue biopsies. However, cfDNA lacks the ability to assess gene amplification, and may not reflect rapid dynamic changes; cfRNA fills this gap. In this study, HER2 and PD-L1 expression from metastatic GC pts using cfRNA was assessed. Methods: Blood samples from 16 GC pts (median age 52 (26-72), 11 male) were collected (4 pts had multiple collections). 11 pts were on platinum containing first-line therapy; 4 on second line therapy with ramucirumb with or without paclitaxel, and one pt was on best supportive care after failure of 3 lines of therapy. Three of the HER2 positive pts were on trastuzumab, one on second line therapy with no HER2 agent. Plasma was fractionated, and cfRNA was extracted and reverse transcribed to cDNA using random hexamers. Relative expressions of PD-L1 and HER2 versus beta-actin were analyzed using qRT-PCR. Results: PD-L1 was detected in 50% (8/16) of pts; HER2 in 43.8% (7/16). A total of 4 pts (25%) had no detectable levels of PD-L1 or HER2 by cfRNA, while a total of 3 (18.8%) had detectable levels of both genes. 75% (3/4) of pts with HER2 in tissue (assessed by IHC and/or FISH) were positive in cfRNA. 72.8% (7/11) of pts with negative HER2 in tissue were negative in cfRNA. Dynamic changes were found in expressions of HER2 and PD-L1 over time under different therapies. Of the 11 pts negative for HER2 in tissue, 3 were positive in the subsequent blood draws. No statistically significant difference was observed in the relative gene expressions of PD-L1 and HER2 measured across same pts (p = 0.5830, Wilcoxon Sign-Rank). Conclusions: While loss of HER2 in GC after receipt of trastuzumab is documented, our data suggest that chemotherapy may result in the advent of HER2 expression. Our data also support introduction of PDL1 under treatment pressure. In this heterogeneous population discordant HER2 results may be a reflection of tumor evolution. We plan to assess the clinical utility of these findings in a large cohort.
DC link imbalance compensation in four-switch inverterAC motor drives (1997)

Non-ideal DC link conditions degrade the quality of output waveforms from voltage-sourced inverters. Four-switch inverters that make use of the split DC link produced from a voltage-doubling rectifier are particularly sensitive to link imbalance. An effective technique using space vector methods is described which modulates the ripple effects, extending the useful operating range of low cost, single to three phase converters.
Small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles and the theories of membrane formation (1986)

Small unilamellar phospholipid vesicles (SUVs) are widely used as a model system in which to study the molecular interactions which occur in biological membranes. Israelachvili et al. and Mitchell and Ninham argue that provided the phospholipid concentration is sufficiently low, lipid aggregates will spontaneously form into SUVs which represent the equilibrium state of the lipid in water. Helfrich, Fromherz and Lasic adopt an alternative model and picture the phospholipid vesicle as a distortion of a planar membrane which requires energy for its formation and is inherently unstable.In the present work we examine these two approaches and their consequences in explaining the physical properties of SUVs. A quantitative basis for our discussion has been devised by adapting a recently published data set of Parsegian et al. to permit an approximate estimate of the curvature energy associated with vesicle formation. We conclude that the spontaneous vesicle formation model only applies to a limited class of molecules where the electrostatic term is the dominant free-energy contribution which drives the bilayer to a more curved geometry. In the case of phosphatidylcholine we propose that the flexibility of the zwitterion eliminates this term causing the planar geometry to be the preferred state. Based on our calculation of curvature energy we are able to predict the diameter of SUVs of phosphatidylcholines to within 10% of the experimental value and to account for the effects of lysolecithin and cholesterol on the size of such vesicles.
ChemInform Abstract: The “β‐Fluorine Effect” in the Non‐Metal Hydride Radical Deoxygenation of Fluorine‐Containing Nucleoside Xanthates. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dynamics of High Mobility Track Vehicles (1986)

A mechanical system superelement that represents spatial dynamics of high mobility track vehicle suspension systems is derived. Using results from a companion paper [1], the equations of motion for a suspension system with an arbitrary number of road wheels are systematically derived. Track is represented as a complex internal force element that acts between ground, wheels, and the chassis of the vehicle. Track tension is computed from a relaxed catenary relationship and track bridging effects are modeled. Numerical results for driver acceleration and absorbed power, as well as track tension are presented. A factor of 90 decrease in compute time is achieved over a comparable multibody model of the same vehicle.
Viral Coinfections in Children With Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (2010)

Viral coinfections were common in children with IPD. Future prospective studies should include new PCR assays to characterize better the impact of viral coinfections in the occurrence and outcome of IPD.
Development and plasticity of the retina in the opossum Monodelphis domestica (2006)

We investigated the rate of cell proliferation and death in the retina of the Monodelphis opossum during its postnatal development and the influence of early monocular enucleation on these processes. Our results show that in the opossum, as in other marsupials, the peak of the retinal cells divisions occurs postnatally and that generation of retinal cells continues till the time of eye opening (P34), except of the marginal rim, where it continued till P60. Ganglion and amacrine cells are generated between postnatal days (P) P4 and P9, while bipolar cells and photoreceptors are generated simultaneously between P14 and P25. The peak of ganglion cell death as detected by the TUNEL method occurs around P14-19 in the center of retina. The second peak of apoptosis appears in the inner nuclear layer (INL) at P19-25. Gliogenesis takes place between P25 and P34. We also found that monocular enucleation performed during the early period of retinal development (P0-P7) did not influence proliferation, developmental apoptosis or other developmental processes in the retina of the remaining eye.
Design for the testability of superconductor electronics (2003)

Advances in the electronics industry require ultra high-speed components nowadays. Superconductor electronics (SCE) is emerging as a technology for solutions in high-end applications in computing and communication. As the complexity of the system increases, testing becomes complex and, if not properly addressed, the system becomes non-testable. Hence, complex systems should be designed with testability in mind. The design-for-test structures should be able to detect the faults in the system under study. Controllability and observability are the key features for design for testability (DfT). A system-level study was carried out to verify the feasibility of DfT in SCE. In this paper, we illustrate at circuit level how this can be realized in SCE to monitor single-flux-quantum pulses. As a part of the research we have developed test structures to detect structural defects in SCE devices. We also present the details of the test results of those structures in this paper. This proves that we are able to detect possible random defects and provide defect statistics for a matured fabrication process.
Adapting UASB technology for sewage treatment in Palestine and Jordan (2008)

High rate anaerobic technologies offer cost-effective solutions for "sewage" treatment in the temperate climate of Palestine and Jordan. However, local sewage characteristics demand amendments to the conventional UASB reactor design. A solution is found in a parallel operating digester unit that stabilises incoming solids and enriches the UASB sludge bed with methanogenic activity. The digester operational conditions were assessed by operating eight CSTRs fed with primary sludge. The results showed a high degree of sludge stabilization in the parallel digesters at SRTs>or=10 and 15 days at process temperatures of 35 and 25 degrees C, respectively. The technical feasibility of the UASB-digester combination was demonstrated by continuous flow pilot-scale experiments. A pilot UASB reactor was operated for 81 days at 6 hours HRT and 15 degrees C and was fed with raw domestic sewage. This period was subsequently followed by an 83 day operation period incorporating a parallel digester unit, which was operated at 35 degrees C. The UASB-digester combination achieved removal efficiencies of total, suspended, colloidal and dissolved CODs of respectively 66, 87, 44 and 30%. Preliminary model calculations indicated that a total reactor volume of the UASB-digester system corresponding to 8.6 hours HRT might suffice for sewage treatment in Palestine.
Systematically Probing the Effect of Catalyst Acidity in a Hydrogen‐Bond‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Reaction (2007)

Beziehungsmodell: Der Einfluss der Acidität wurde an einem modularen Oxazolinkatalysator für eine Hetero-Diels-Alder-Reaktion, die durch Wasserstoffbrückenbildung katalysiert wird, systematisch untersucht. Lineare-Freie-Energie-Beziehungen ergaben sich zwischen der Acidität des Katalysators und der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit sowie der Enantioselektivität (siehe Bild).
Blind deconvolution based on cumulant fitting and simulated annealing optimization (2003)

Higher order cumulant analysis is applied to the blind identification/equalization of linear moving average (MA) channels with QAM data. To identify the MA parameters of channels, a higher order cumulant fitting approach is adopted. The set of channel parameters is obtained by simulated annealing optimization, which overcomes the problem of a multimodal cost function in channel identification. The coefficients of a linear equalizer are obtained using the channel inversion algorithm. Batch type as well as batch recursive algorithms are investigated. The feasibility and convergence behavior of the proposed algorithms are examined by means of computer simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>