gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplication-free vector quantization using L/sub 1/ distortion measure and its variants (2003)

The authors first consider vector quantization that uses the L/sub 1/ distortion measure for its implementation. The L/sub 1/ distortion measure is very attractive from an implementational point of view, since no multiplication is required for computing the distortion measure. Unfortunately, the traditional Linde-Buzo-Gray method (1980) for designing the codebook for the L/sub 1/ distortion measure can become extremely time-consuming, since it involves several computations of medians of very large arrays. The authors propose a gradient-based approach for codebook design that does not require any multiplications or median computations. The codebook design algorithm is then extended to a distortion measure that has piecewise-linear characteristics. By appropriate selection of the parameters of the distortion measure, the encoding as well as the codebook design can be implemented with zero multiplications. The authors apply the proposed techniques in predictive vector quantization of images and demonstrate the viability of multiplication-free predictive vector quantization of image data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A <i>trans</i> -Acting Product Needed for P Factor Transposition in <i>Drosophila</i> (1984)

A transposable genetic element of the P family in Drosophila melanogaster was found to be unstable in the presence of other P elements but stable in their absence. A sensitive assay for P transpositional activity is provided by the snw allele, a defective P insert in the singed bristle locus which becomes hypermutable only in the presence of complete elements. This measure of activity was highly correlated with a type of female sterility normally associated with P activity. There was no cross-reactivity with transposase from another hybrid dysgenesis-causing element (the I factor).
Architecting data placement in SSDs for efficient secure deletion implementation (2018)

Secure deletion ensures user privacy by permanently removing invalid data from the secondary storage. This process is particularly critical to solid state drives (SSDs) wherein invalid data are generated not only upon deleting a file but also upon updating a file of which the user is not aware. While previous secure deletion schemes are usually applied to all invalid data on the SSD, our observation is that in many cases security is not required for all files on the SSD. This paper proposes an efficient secure deletion scheme targeting only the invalid data of files marked as “secure” by the user. A security-aware data allocation strategy is designed, which separates secure and unsecure data at lower (block) level but mixes them at higher levels of SSD hierarchical organization. Block-level separation minimizes secure deletion cost, while higher-level mixing mitigates the adverse impact of secure deletion on SSD lifetime. A two-level block management scheme is further developed to scatter secure blocks over the SSD for wear leveling. Experiments on real-world benchmarks confirm the advantage of the proposed scheme in reducing secure deletion cost and improving SSD lifetime.
A Slide Rule for Radiation Calculations (1949)

A slide rule has been developed to facilitate rapid calculations based on the Planck radiation formula. Quantities such as the radiant flux density in a given wave-length region, the spectral radiant flux density at a given wave-length, or the corresponding quantities expressed in photon units, can be obtained readily for a black body over a range λT=2×102 to λT=4×106 micron degrees with an accuracy of about 1 percent. Simple extension rules can be used for larger values of λT.
Effect of Reverse Micelle Size on the Librational Band of Confined Water and Methanol (2001)

We report measurement of the OH librational band in nanoscopic pools of water and methanol confined within reverse micelles. The librational band, which peaks near 670 cm-1 in the bulk liquids, shifts to lower frequency as the reverse micelle size decreases. In addition, the shape of the band changes considerably as a function of decreasing size. The librational band at all compositions is well fit by a two-state model based on the relative fractions of bound and free water (or methanol) within the reverse micelles.
Handbook of standards and resources for spoken language systems (1997)

This handbook provides easy access to current practice and requirements in the main spoken language technologies.
The role of <i>pdx1</i> and <i>HNF6</i> in proliferation and differentiation of endocrine precursors (2004)

Ex vivo expansion of embryonic stem cells (ES cells) or pancreatic stem cells for insulin delivery to diabetic patients provides potential for the restoration of islet function in these individuals. Understanding the spatial and temporal requirements of crucial factors for endocrine progenitor specification, proliferation, and terminal differentiation remains a major challenge in the field of pancreas development. Here, we provide speculation as to the role of pdx1 and HNF6 in these different stages of pancreatic endocrine cell development. At the time when islets begin to form within the pancreas, the expression patterns of pdx1 and HNF6 diverge, suggesting distinct functions for each of the genes over the course of endocrine cell development. The current body of evidence provides support for a role of both factors in early endocrine specification as well as a requirement for pdx1 in the generation of mature pancreatic endocrine cells. The precise temporal requirement of HNF6 in the production of terminally differentiated endocrine cells remains unclear. Future studies in this area will rely on conditionally manipulatable systems in combination with lineage-tracing studies for a more accurate assessment of pdx1 and HNF6 function at different stages along the pathway of endocrine cell development.
Time sharing on a computer with a small memory (1967)

article Free Access Share on Time sharing on a computer with a small memory Authors: R. O. Fisher Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas Texas Instruments, Dallas, TexasView Profile , C. D. Shepard Univ. of Illinois, Urbana Univ. of Illinois, UrbanaView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 10Issue 2Feb. 1967pp 77–81https://doi.org/10.1145/363067.363086Published:01 February 1967Publication History 2citation688DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads688Last 12 Months15Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
[Seasonal affective disorders, a new clinical category]. (1990)

Seasonal affective disorders have recently been individualized by American authors. According to these authors, this subgroup of affective diseases deserve to be regarded as a clinical category owing to its specific symptoms, its epidemiological features and its response to treatment. They are characterized by the triad: hypersomnia, hyperoxia, weight gain, associated with usual symptoms of depression. Moreover, contrary to the bipolar manic-depressive psychosis, they seem to predominate among women. Finally, phototherapy, the various protocols of which are discussed here, is said to be effective. The influence of latitude combined with the effectiveness of phototherapy has led to original pathogenic hypotheses, among which the presence of a chronobiological disorder (abnormality of the season-induced circadian rhythm), although attractive and supported by a strict clinical study, has yet to be demonstrated. Also hypothetical is the role played by melatonin: is this hormone the principal "mediator" or an epiphenomenon?
Pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramina: A role in the etiology of trigeminal neuralgia? (1993)

Abstract The pterygospinous and pterygoalar foramina are illustrated photographically. To confirm the incidence of the foramina 454 skulls from various racial groups were examined. A survey of the literature shows that the pterygospinous foramen is present in about 10% of individuals and the pterygoalar foramen in about 1%. The possibility that either foramen may trap, compress, or cause traction of anomalous cutaneous branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve, or occlude blood vessels supplying the trigeminal ganglion is discussed in relation to trigeminal neuralgia. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SIGNIFICANT COLLECTIONS OF LOUISIANA USA PLANTS XII. WASHINGTON AND ST-TAMMANY PARISHES (1986)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Structure—Activity Relationship Studies on Tetralin Carboxamide Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Antagonists. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Observations on the Generality of the Grain-Size Effect on Fatigue Crack Growth in Alpha Plus Beta Titanium Alloys. (1980)

Results obtained through analysis of the literature agree with those of our own as regards the effect of grain size (l) on region-II fatigue crack growth rates (da/dN) of alpha + beta titanium alloys in ambient air, viz. that for a given value of stress-intensity range (delta kappa), da/dN decreases as (l) is increased. The analysis indicates that when microstructural modification of a given alloy affects a reduction in da/dN, the reduction appears attributable to an increase in (l); conversely, when microstructural modification fails to affect a significant change in da/dN, the result appears attributable to a negligible change in (l). Comparison of fatigue crack growth behavior at stress-intensity ranges of 15, 21 and 40 MPa square root m indicates a diminution of the grain-size effect with increased delta kappa. As elucidated in terms of the reversed plastic zone size model, diminution of the grain-size effect follows as a consequence of the reduced portion of the structure-sensitive mode of crack growth present as delta kappa is increased.
Quantifying the value of ownership of yield analysis technologies (2003)

A model based on information theory, which allows yield managers to determine the optimal portfolio of yield analysis technologies for both the R&D and volume production environments, is presented. The knowledge extraction per experimentation cycle and knowledge extraction per unit time serve as benchmarking metrics for yield learning. They enable yield managers to make objective comparisons of apparently unrelated technologies. Combinations of four yield analysis tools-electrical testing, automatic defect classification, spatial signature analysis and wafer position analysis-are examined in detail to determine the relative value of ownership of different yield analysis technologies.
Two ellagic acid glycosides from <b> <i>Gleditsia sinensis</i> </b> Lam. with antifungal activity on <b> <i>Magnaporthe grisea</i> </b> (2007)

Two ellagic acid glycosides were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation from the antimicrobial ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract from Gleditsia sinensis spines, and identified as 3-O-methylellagic acid-4'-(5''-acetyl)-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside (1) and 3-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (2). Both compounds were isolated from this plant species for the first time, and 1 is a new compound. The two compounds showed significant antifungal activity against the spore germination of rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea, with an IC(50) value of 13.56 microg mL(-1) for 1 and 16.14 microg mL(-1) for 2.
Mexican Americans and the Politics of Citizenship: the Case of El Paso, 1936 (1984)

MEXICAN AMERICANS (those born or naturalized in the United States) commenced in the 1930s to assert themselves politically on a larger scale than ever before.Mexican Americans and Mexican nationals in earlier periods were by no means docile, but they faced different conditions that limited their influence on American politics.During the post-Mexican War years, for example, Mexican Americans (except in northern New Mexico) experienced displacement, isolation, and a lack of socialization concerning their rights as U.S. citizens, which prohibited effective mobilization against the imposition of second-class status.The significant increase in the Mexican population of the Southwest during the early twentieth century resulting from mass immigration from Mexico did not substantially alter this weak position.Despite their large numbers and dominant roles in the Mexican communities, Mexican immigrants and exiles from the Revolution of 1910 saw themselves as only temporary sojourners awaiting return to fa patria.Hence, their associations reflected continued interest in Mexican politics and not those of the United States.In addition, immigrants and exiles, retaining their Mexican citizenship, sought reintegration into Mexico and not assimilation into the United States.Their proximity to Mexico, of course, made this decision defensible.Immigrants and exiles, moreover, are more cautious about making political demands because of their vulnerable resident status. 1 These conditions retarding Americanization of Mexican-American politics, however, began to change by the 1930s when a new and expansive generation of U.S.
Bioactive Secondary Metabolite of Microorganisms (1994)

Part 1 Microbial Primary and Secondary Metabolism: Definitions. Primary and secondary metabolism. Interconnections between primary and secondary metabolism. Speculations on the function of secondary metabolites. Part 2 Secondary Biosynthetic Pathways: Secondary metabolites derived from saccharides. Polyketide-derived secondary metabolites. The terpenoid route. Macrocyclic lactones. Shikimate pathway metabolites. Metabolites derived from amino acids. Part 3 Secondary Metabolism in Relation to Growth and Differentiation: Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and growth. Bacterial differentiation and secondary metabolism. Secondary metabolism and differentiation in actinomycetes. Fungal differentiation and secondary metabolism. Part 4 Physiological Regulation of Secondary Metabolism: Regulation of branching pathways. Induction of secondary metabolic pathways. Feedback regulation in secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Catabolite regulation. Part 5 Genetic Regulation of Secondary Metabolism: Mutation and selection of high-producing mutants. Molecular genetics of polyketides. Genetics of ribosomally synthesised peptides. Genetics of autoregulatory factors in actinomycetes. Part 6 Antibiotics: Sources of antibiotics. Chemical classification of antibiotics. Part 7 Enzyme Inhibitors: Inhibitors of proteinases. Inhibitors of glycosidases. Inhibitors of other hydrolases. Inhibitors of oxidoreductases. Inhibitors of transferases. Inhibitors of lyases. Therapeutic applications of enzyme inhibitors. Part 8 Alkaloids: Ergot alkaloids. Psilocybin and psilocin. Cycloplazonic acid and cyclopenin-viridicatin group. Part 9 Bacterial Toxins and Phycotoxins: Bacterial exotoxins and endotoxins. Use of bacterial neurotoxins in medicine. Insecticidal toxins of bacteria. Phycotoxins. Mycotoxins. Aflatoxins. Citrinin. Anthraquinones. Miscellaneous mycotoxins. Part 10 Microbial Metabolites Affecting Plant Growth and Metabolism: Gibberellins. Phytotoxins. Antibiotics and microbial herbicides. Phytoalexins, plant defence metabolites. Part 11 Antiparasitic and Growth Promoting Agents: Microbial insecticides and miticides. Antibiotics against phytopathogenic microorganisms. Antiparasitic and growth promoting agents. Part 12 Pharmacologically Interesting Agents: Antitumour and antiviral antibiotics. Immunomodulators. Metabolites with miscellaneous pharmacological effects. Part 13 Structure-Activity Relationships: Structural features of bioactivity. Lincomycins. Polyene antibiotics. Small Lactones. Part 13 Mechanisms of Action of Antibiotics and Mycotoxins: Biochemical targets for drug action. Inhibitors of cell-wall biosynthesis. Drugs affecting functions of cell membranes. Inhibitors of energy metabolism. Part 14 Mechanisms of Resistance to Antibiotics: Biochemical basis of antibiotic resistance. Genetic basis of antibiotic resistance. Self-protection mechanisms in antibiotic producers. (Part contents).
Performance on a Virtual Reality Spatial Memory Navigation Task in Depressed Patients (2007)

Objective: Findings on spatial memory in depression have been inconsistent. A navigation task based on virtual reality may provide a more sensitive and consistent measure of the hippocampal-related spatial memory deficits associated with depression. Method: Performance on a novel virtual reality navigation task and a traditional measure of spatial memory was assessed in 30 depressed patients (unipolar and bipolar) and 19 normal comparison subjects. Results: Depressed patients performed significantly worse than comparison subjects on the virtual reality task, as assessed by the number of locations found in the virtual town. Between-group differences were not detected on the traditional measure. The navigation task showed high test-retest reliability. Conclusions: Depressed patients performed worse than healthy subjects on a novel spatial memory task. Virtual reality navigation may provide a consistent, sensitive measure of cognitive deficits in patients with affective disorders, representing a mechanism to study a putative endophenotype for hippocampal function.
Isolation, characterization, and activation of the magnesium-dependent endodeoxyribonuclease from Bacillus subtilis (1977)

A major endodeoxyribonulcease was isolated from a mutant of the transformable Bacillus subtilis 168. The magnesium-dependent endonuclease was purified approximately 750-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity. The enzyme had a molecular weight of about 31 000, as determined by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein appears to be composed of two subunits. The nuclease was dependent on magnesium or maganese ions for hydrolytic activity. The purified nuclease degraded DNA from several species of Bacillus, as well as Escherichia coli DNA, alkylated, depurinated, and thymine-dimer containing B. subtilis DNA, and hydroxymethyluracil-containing phage DNA. The enzyme also hydrolyzed single-stranded DNA, although native DNA was the preferred substrate. However, the nuclease was unable to degrade ribosomal RNA. The cleavage products of the DNA hydrolysis have 5'-phosphate and 3'-hydroxyl ends. The enzyme could be activated in crude extracts by heat treatment or treatment with guanidine hydrochloride. The nuclease activity was inhibited by phosphate and by high concentrations of NaCl. A possible function for this endonuclease in bacterial transformation is discussed.
Thermodynamic data for mineral technology (1984)

From Introduction: "This compilation is part of the Bureau of Mines continuing effort to provide information for use as guidelines in mineral technology advancement, pollution control, and energy economy."
Plasma Membrane Proteomics and Its Application in Clinical Cancer Biomarker Discovery (2010)

Plasma membrane proteins that are exposed on the cell surface have important biological functions, such as signaling into and out of the cells, ion transport, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. The expression level of many of the plasma membrane proteins involved in these key functions is altered on cancer cells, and these proteins may also be subject to post-translational modification, such as altered phosphorylation and glycosylation. Additional protein alterations on cancer cells confer metastatic capacities, and some of these cell surface proteins have already been successfully targeted by protein drugs, such as human antibodies, that have enhanced survival of several groups of cancer patients. The combination of novel analytical approaches and subcellular fractionation procedures has made it possible to study the plasma membrane proteome in more detail, which will elucidate cancer biology, particularly metastasis, and guide future development of novel drug targets. The technical advances in plasma membrane proteomics and the consequent biological revelations will be discussed herein. Many of the advances have been made using cancer cell lines, but because the main goal of this research is to improve individualized treatment and increase cancer patient survival, further development is crucial to direct analysis of clinically relevant patient samples. These efforts include optimized specimen handling and preparation as well as improved proteomics platforms. Identification of potentially useful proteomics-based biomarkers must be validated in larger, well defined retrospective and prospective clinical studies, and these combined efforts should result in identification of biomarkers that will greatly improve early detection, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response.
Is sickle cell crisis a thrombotic event? (1986)

Although large vessel thrombi are occasionally reported in patients with homozygous sickle cell disease, the role of intravascular coagulation in typical pain crises is controversial. Therefore, we studied 24 sickle cell patients during and between episodes of pain crisis, using several sensitive tests of hemostasis. Fibrinogen was measured by a clotting assay, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were quantitated by radioimmunoassay, and protein C was determined by absorbing the zymogen from test plasma, activating it with thrombin-thrombomodulin complex, and measuring activity with a selective synthetic substrate. Fibrinogen was elevated in asymptomatic patients (355 +/- 145 mg/dl) but was no different from the value in these same patients during crisis (333 +/- 180 mg/dl, p greater than 0.1). Similarly, beta-TG 136 +/- 52 ng/ml vs 118 +/- 56; FPA 3.7 +/- 4.8 ng/ml vs 5.2 +/- 4.5, and protein C 71 +/- 20% vs 66 +/- 19 showed no important changes during crisis. However, all these values were significantly different from those in age- and sex-matched healthy controls. beta-TG, fibrinogen, and FPA were elevated (p less than 0.001, 0.005, and 0.05, respectively), and protein C was decreased (p less than 0.003). We conclude that while chronic intravascular coagulation is common in patients with sickle cell disease, there is no evidence that the pain crisis per se is a thrombotic event.
Introduction (2003)

cairn.info/revue-empan-2003-2-page-9?lang=fr Dcouvrir le sommaire de ce numro, suivre la revue par email, s'abonner... Scannez ce QR Code pour accder la page de ce numro sur Cairn.info. Distribution lectronique Cairn.info pour rs.Vous avez l'autorisation de reproduire cet article dans les limites des conditions d'utilisation de Cairn.infoou, le cas chant, des conditions gnrales de la licence souscrite par votre tablissement.Dtails et conditions sur cairn.info/copyright.Sauf dispositions lgales contraires, les usages numriques des fins pdagogiques des prsentes ressources sont soumises l'autorisation de l'diteur ou, le cas chant, de l'organisme de gestion collective habilit cet effet.Il en est ainsi notamment en France avec le CFC qui est l'organisme agr en la matire.
Raman spectroscopy of shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer MoS<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2013)

We study by Raman scattering the shear and layer breathing modes in multilayer MoS${}_{2}$. These are identified by polarization measurements and symmetry analysis. Their positions change significantly with the number of layers, with different scaling for odd and even layers. A chain model can explain the results, with general applicability to any layered material, allowing a reliable diagnostic of their thickness.