gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Degradation of 16S RNA in Thermally Injured Staphylococcus Epidermidis (1980)

Exposure of Staphylococcus epidermidis to sublethal temperatures produced a temporary change in the salt tolerance. After sublethal heat treatment at 52 °C for 20 min, 96% of the viable population was unable to reproduce on media containing 7.5% NaCl. The thermal injury results in alterations in the cell membrane allowing leakage of RNA into the heating media. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed 16 S ribosomal RNA to be extensively degraded in thermally injured cells, whereas 23 S and 5 S RNA were unaffected. When the thermally injured cells were incubated at 37 °C in Trypticase Soy Broth, 16 S RNA was regenerated accompanied by a return of salt tolerance in the absence of DNA synthesis. In the presence of high concentrations of magnesium, cellular leakage of RNA was suppressed and the degradation of 16 S RNA was not observed in thermally injured cells.
Tn<i>7</i> (2007)

The bacterial transposon Tn 7 is a sophisticated mobile element that pursues several alternative lifestyles to promote its propagation. Tn 7 was first isolated from a trimethoprim- and streptomycin-resistant bacterium in a calf that was being treated prophylactically with trimethoprim in its feed. The tns genes are all oriented in the same direction with their 5' ends toward the right end of Tn 7 . These genes were identified genetically by analysis of deletion and insertion derivatives of Tn 7 and by gene sequencing, protein identification, and protein purification (TnsA, TnsB, TnsC, TnsD, and TnsE). The topological requirements of the donor DNA substrate have been examined in the in vitro Tn 7 transposition system. The partial sequence of another TnsA gene distinct from the others has also been described, suggesting that more close relatives of Tn 7 remain to be discovered. Transposons have long been useful tools for the manipulation of genes and genomes. The study of Tn 7 has enriched the study of mobile DNA; there are distinct differences between Tn 7 and other elements as well as similarities between Tn 7 and other elements. The study of Tn 7 seems sure to continue to provide an interesting system in which to examine the interaction of a transposable element with its host, to provide interesting problems in protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions to study, and to provide useful tools for the study and manipulation of genes and genomes.
Vibrational Coupling of Water from Weak to Ultrastrong Coupling Regime via Cavity Mode Tuning (2021)

Vibrational strong coupling is an emerging method for modulation of ground-state molecular properties. Spectroscopic information about the vibrational coupling state is essential for determination of the physicochemical properties of molecules coupled to vacuum electromagnetic fields. However, a systematic study of the effect of the cavity mode with respect to the coupling strength is still required. Here, we show the effect of the cavity mode on the vibrational coupling behavior of water molecules when tuned from a weak coupling regime to an ultrastrong coupling regime. The cavity thickness was controlled mechanically for modulation of the cavity mode frequency. The concentration-dependent Rabi splitting behavior is a critical for determination of the coupling behavior of water molecules to vacuum fields. We also showed the advantages of use of thinner cells for clear spectroscopic investigation of the coupling states and the possibility of modulation of the hydration environment based on cavity control. In addition, we provide the fundamental cavity mode-dependent structure relationship for the controlled molecular properties within a wide coupling strength regime.
Corelationship Between Powder Metallurgy and Casting Method Using SiC Powder for Metal Foam (2007)

Metal foams are not easy to use as materials as their manufacturing process involves all three, solid, liquid and gaseous phases occurring simultaneously at varying temperatures and moreever the morphology of the solidified foam is quite complex. There has not been any report on the stabilization of metal foams. To compare the stabilisation of metal foams using a different method, powder metallurgy and casting method using SiC and Ca alloy particle are required. Our investigation results showed deeply etched valleys with high oxygen content and secondary phases attached to line-shaped pores with higher SiC content than the matrix. These line-shaped pores - most probably oxide bifilms-form networks decorated with either secondary phases or oxide particle. We suspect that these decorated bifilms play a crucial role in the stabilisation of metal foams.
Initial results from the Six Ion Gun Fusion Experiment (2009)

The Six Ion Gun Fusion Experiment (SIGFE) is an advanced inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion device that has been developed in an effort to increase steady-state nuclear fusion rates of IEC devices by multiple orders of magnitude over the current rates of 2 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> neutrons per second for D-D and 5 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> protons per second for D- <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He reactions. This experiment investigates the space-charge physics of spherically converging 100 keV to 300 keV ions and cold electrons. Solutions of the Poisson equation presented in several early IEC publications predict the formation of electrostatic potential wells at the center of a device of this type. Initial results of how the fusion rate of the D-D reactions in SIGFE scales with applied accelerating voltage, ion current, and background gas pressure will be presented.
Polarization-Independent Photodetectors With Enhanced Responsivity in a Standard Silicon-on-Insulator Complementary Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Process (2009)

A polarization-independent photodetector device is demonstrated that can be combined with electronic integrated circuits on a single chip. The photodetector device is fully compatible with the standard silicon-on-insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process without requiring process modification or postprocessing.
Deciding how NHS money is spent: a survey of general public and medical views (2002)

Consideration of public and clinician views suggests that a revised PSI should place greater weight on benefits to patients and lower weight on the cost of health-care.
Inside Back Cover (Phys. Status Solidi A 5/2010) (2010)

The Feature Article by Yoshikawa et al. (pp. 1011–1023) discusses the challenging investigation on successful p-type doping of InN using Mg-acceptors by MBE. After growth of high purity InN epilayers with residual donor concentrations of mid 1017 cm−3 on GaN template, the authors first revealed that edge-component threading dislocations of about 1010 cm−2 are the most plausible residual donors in such high purity InN samples. On the basis of a systematic doping study on Mg-doped InN epilayers for a wide range of Mg concentrations from 1 × 1016 to 4 × 1020 cm−3, they have confirmed/achieved that InN can be successfully doped into p-type up to Mg-acceptor concentrations of about 3 × 1019 cm−3 and it turns into n-type again due to Mg over-doping effects.
Evidence-Based Management Guidelines on Peyronie's Disease (2016)

A greater understanding of the scientific basis of PD is greatly needed to address our understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical epidemiology, psychosocial, and diagnostic assessment as well as treatment strategies.
Efficient Time-Domain Dbp Using Random Step-Size And Multi-Band Quantization (2018)

Employing step-size randomization and multi-band quantization, we propose a reduced complexity time-domain (TD) digital backpropagation (DBP) and experimentally demonstrate penalty-free operation at an average number of ~4 bits per FIR coefficient.
Further investigations into performance metrics for underwater communications (2002)

Determining the relationship between the performance of an underwater acoustic data communications system and the operating environmental conditions is a problem that continues to plague researchers. The complexity of the time-varying channel is difficult to measure and model. Therefore an approach that uses metrics measured from data collected at sea to characterize the channel is attractive. As expected, preliminary assessments on limited data have shown that performance depends not only on environmental conditions, but also on system implementation. By extracting a variety of metrics, a better understanding of the subset that discriminate between good and bad performance can be developed. Also by analyzing the relationship between certain metrics and performance, system limitations can be identified for re-evaluation. For example, a surprising result of the initial assessment of performance using a multichannel decision feedback equalizer on real data showed that sparseness of multipath arrivals may be an arbiter of performance [Richman et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2619 (2001)]. Therefore changes to the algorithm that allows for sparse arrivals may improve performance. In this paper, a larger number of metrics from greater quantities of real-data and system configurations are measured and evaluated against equalizer results.
HIGH RESOLUTION SCINTILLATION SPECTRA OBTAINED WITH NANOSECOND PULSES OF 3 MeV ELECTRONS* (1972)

I n studies involving an energy transfer process it is important to have definite knowledge of the excited state of the solute which is responsible for the emitted fluorescence that is measured. When solutions with low solute concentration are irradiated with ionizing particles, the initial excitations are produced in the solvent molecules (excited molecules or ions). The excited solvent molecules and ions can transfer energy to the solute producing excited solute molecules. The measured scintillations are the result of the return of the solute molecules to the ground state.
ROUTINE LOW AND HIGH RESOLUTION TYPING OF THE HLA‐DRB GENE USING THE PCR‐MPH (MICROTITRE PLATE HYBRIDIZATION) METHOD (1996)

We describe HLA-DRB1 typing using polymerase chain reaction-based microtitre plate hybridization (PCR-MPH), which can process large numbers of samples. MPH typing is similar to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in which a tandemly ligated sequence-specific oligonucleotide is immobilized on microtitre wells. The typing procedure consisted of two steps. In the first, PCR-MPH with 16 probes was performed to determine the specificities of the serological levels (DR1, DR2, DR3, DR4, DR11, DR12, DR13, DR14, DR7, DR8, DR9 and DR10) after generic amplification ("low resolution typing'). In the second step, DR1, DR2, DR4, DR12/8 and DR3/11/13/14 were group-specifically amplified based on the results of the first PCR-MPH, and microtitre plate hybridization proceeded in a similar manner to the first step ("high resolution typing'). Low resolution typing was completed within 2 h after generic amplification, and the results of high resolution typing were obtained in another 3.5 h after amplification. The allelic types classified using PCR-MPH were completely concordant with those obtained by PCR-single-strand conformation polymorphism or PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism.
Indication of Local Laser Pump Depletion via Transmitted Self-Guided Laser Light (2009)

In recent experiments it has been shown that an ultra‐intense, ultra‐short laser pulse can be self‐guided over tens of Rayleigh lengths in an underdense plasma where τ (FWHM of the laser pulse) is on the order of the plasma wavelength (λp). Using an imaging spectrograph, the frequency of the transmitted laser pulse was spatially and spectrally resolved at the exit of 3, 5, and 8 mm long plasmas. The mechanism of laser pump depletion was studied by observing the amount that the transmitted laser pulse’s spectrum was red shifted in wavelength through the interaction with the self‐guiding plasma wave.
Coordinate viral induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interferon beta in human B cells and monocytes. (1989)

Human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene expression can be induced primarily in cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage by a variety of inducers, including lipopolysaccharide, phorbol esters such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and virus or synthetic double-stranded RNA [poly(I).poly(C)]. In this paper we show that the TNF-alpha gene also responds to virus and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in B lymphocytes and that virus is the most potent inducer of TNF-alpha mRNA in both monocyte and B-cell lines. In addition, we show that viral infection coinduces the expression of TNF-alpha and interferon beta mRNA and that viral induction of both genes is blocked by the kinase inhibitor 2-aminopurine. Inhibition of protein synthesis with cycloheximide had no effect on mRNA expression of the genes in one of three cell lines tested (U937) but blocked the viral induction of both genes in another (Namalwa). Thus, the regulatory factors required for mRNA induction of both genes are present prior to the addition of virus in U937 but not in Namalwa cells. However, in a third cell line (JY), cycloheximide blocked viral induction of the interferon beta gene but not the TNF-alpha gene. Taken together, these observations suggest that viral induction of TNF-alpha and interferon beta gene expression may involve overlapping pathways with both common and distinct regulatory factors.
A gentle nudge towards safety: experimental validation of the potential field driver assistance system (2004)

This paper presents experimental validation of a driver assistance lanekeeping system based on a potential field framework. This system is implemented on a 1997 Corvette modified for steer-by-wire capability. This testbed has no mechanical connection between the hand wheel and road wheels, allowing the lanekeeping system to add control inputs independently from the driver. The potential field framework provides an intuitive approach for combining commands from the controller and driver. The state estimation and lane position errors are obtained using the Global Position System (GPS) and precision road maps. Preliminary experimental data shows that this control scheme performs extremely well for driver assistance and closely matches simulation results, verifying previous theoretical guarantees for safety.
Transient Characteristics of the Reset Programming of a Phase-Change Line Cell and the Effect of the Reset Parameters on the Obtained State (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we investigate the effect of the reset-pulse parameters of a phase-change memory line cell on the electrical cell properties. By means of electrothermal finite-element simulations and measurements, the characteristics of the reset state (resistance after switching, threshold voltage, and stability of the state) are related to the physical parameters during reset switching (the temporal and spatial distribution of the temperature during switching, the evolution of the melting and molten phases, and the time that the line is molten). From a device point of view, we emphasize the following aspects: 1) Due to good thermal isolation, the line cell can be reset using a 5-ns short current pulse of limited amplitude; 2) longer pulsewidths allow lower reset current amplitudes due to the gradual heating of surrounding dielectric; 3) the reset resistance has no direct relation with the threshold voltage but is strongly related to the number of reset pulses applied to the cell; and 4) shorter pulsewidths allow extended endurance lifetimes. </para>
Time-Sensitive Reversal of Hyperplasia in Transgenic Mice Expressing SV40 T Antigen (1996)

The role of viral oncoprotein expression in the maintenance of cellular transformation was examined as a function of time through controlled expression of simian virus 40 T antigen (TAg). Expression of TAg in the submandibular gland of transgenic mice from the time of birth induced cellular transformation and extensive ductal hyperplasia by 4 months of age. The hyperplasia was reversed when TAg expression was silenced for 3 weeks. When TAg expression was silenced after 7 months, however, the hyperplasia persisted even though TAg was absent. Although the polyploidy of ductal cells could be reversed at 4 months of age, cells at 7 months of age remained polyploid even in the absence of TAg. These results support a model of time-dependent multistep tumorigenesis, in which virally transformed cells eventually lose their dependence on the viral oncoprotein for maintenance of the transformed state.
Drop‐size distributions produced by turbulen pipe flow of immiscible liquids (1970)

Abstract Drop‐size distributions in turbulently flowing dispersion of immiscible liquids were investigated. The observed drop‐size distributions were actually a composite of two superimposed distributions. One is the distribution produced by the injection nozzle and the other is that produced by breakup in the turbulent flow field. A mathematical model was developed which predicted both the shape of the observed distributions and kinetics of the droplet breakup process for the distribution produced by the turbulent flow field. The flowing dispersion composed of water and insoluble organic phase was photographed at 27, 209, 421, and 576 pipe diameters below the mixing jet and at distances of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 diam. from the wall. Average flow rates varied from 14 to 20 ft./sec. in the 0.750‐in. I.D. tube. Three organic phases were studied at concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 10% by volume. Dispersed phase viscosity and interfacial tension varied from 1 to 18 cp. and 13 to 40 dynes/cm. No distribution law with any theoretical basis could be found which correlated experimental distributions. The stochastic model describing the breakup process postulates that each breakup event leads to two daughter drops with uniformly distributed volume ratios and a very small satellite droplet. An empirical correlation exists to predict only one of the three parameters of the model.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Antagonistic antibody prevents toll-like receptor 2-driven lethal shock-like syndromes. (2004)

Hyperactivation of immune cells by bacterial products through toll-like receptors (TLRs) is thought of as a causative mechanism of septic shock pathology. Infections with Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria provide TLR2-specific agonists and are the major cause of severe sepsis. In order to intervene in TLR2-driven toxemia, we raised mAb's against the extracellular domain of TLR2. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed direct and specific interaction of TLR2 and immunostimulatory lipopeptide, which was blocked by T2.5 in a dose-dependent manner. Application of mAb T2.5 inhibited cell activation in experimental murine models of infection. T2.5 also antagonized TLR2-specific activation of primary human macrophages. TLR2 surface expression by murine macrophages was surprisingly weak, while both intra- and extracellular expression increased upon systemic microbial challenge. Systemic application of T2.5 upon lipopeptide challenge inhibited release of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and prevented lethal shock-like syndrome in mice. Twenty milligrams per kilogram of T2.5 was sufficient to protect mice, and administration of 40 mg/kg of T2.5 was protective even 3 hours after the start of otherwise lethal challenge with Bacillus subtilis. These results indicate that epitope-specific binding of exogenous ligands precedes specific TLR signaling and suggest therapeutic application of a neutralizing anti-TLR2 antibody in acute infection. PMID: 15146245
A simple vision system for lane keeping (2002)

We present a system for extracting lane marker information from image data in a form suitable for use in the automated steering of moving vehicles. The algorithm was designed with speed and simplicity in mind. It assumes a flat, dark roadway with light colored lane markers, either solid or dashed, painted on it. The algorithm is based on extracting statistically significant 'bright' regions from the image plane and fitting functions to those identified points which are consistent with the qualitative properties of roadway lanes and ground to image plane geometric relationships. It estimates a virtual lane centerline using left and right lane markers if both are available, otherwise it uses whichever lane marker is visible and a rough estimate of the lane width. The system has been tested in various autonomous vehicle control research projects, culminating in its demonstration on Ohio State University's automated vehicles at the 1997 AHS Technical Feasibility Demonstration in San Diego.
Bromoethylsulfonium Salt—A More Effective Annulation Agent for the Synthesis of 6- and 7-Membered 1,4-Heterocyclic Compounds (2008)

Reaction of bromoethylsulfonium salt with 1,2-/1,3-aminoalcohols gave six- and seven-membered rings in good-to-excellent yields. The reactions proceed through generation of a vinyl sulfonium salt followed by annulation to give 1,4-heterocyclic compounds such as morpholines and benzoxazepines in a simple procedure. The method accommodates a range of nitrogen substituents and the amino alcohol can be substituted by amino thiols and diamines to give thiomorpholines, piperazines and benzodiazepines.
Anti‐D (WinRho SD<sup>™</sup>) treatment of children with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura stimulates transient cytokine/chemokine production (2002)

Intravenous anti-D is often used in the treatment of autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP), but little is known about its mechanisms of action. To investigate anti-D's potential in vivo mechanism(s) of action, a small group (N = 7) of children with chronic AITP was studied. The children initially received either 25 or 50 microg/kg of WinRho-SD in a four-cycle cross-over trial, and peripheral blood samples from the first and third cycles were assessed for cytokine levels at pre-treatment, 3 hr, 1 day, and 8 days post-treatment. Results showed that platelet counts significantly increased in all the children by day 8 post-treatment. Analysis of serum by ELISA showed that there was a significant but transient rise in both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine levels (e.g., IL1RA, IL6, GM-CSF, MCP-1 alpha, TNF-alpha and MCP-1) by 3 hr post-treatment in both cycles which returned to baseline levels by 8 days post-treatment. These results suggest that anti-D administration may initially activate the RES in the form of cytokine/chemokine secretion, which is subsequently followed by an increase in platelet counts. It is possible that the induced cytokine/chemokine storm may have an effect on several physiological processes such as those mediating either adverse effects or potentially RES phagocytic activity.
COPPER-RESISTANCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS AVIUM<subtitle>II. THE INFLUENCE OF COPPER ION ON THE RESPIRATION OF THE PARENT CELLS AND COPPER-RESISTANT CELLS<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>*</sup></xref></subtitle> (1955)

COPPER-RESISTANCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS AVIUM: II. THE INFLUENCE OF COPPER ION ON THE RESPIRATION OF THE PARENT CELLS AND COPPER-RESISTANT CELLS Get access TAKEKAZU HORIO, TAKEKAZU HORIO Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar TANEAKI HIGASHI, TANEAKI HIGASHI Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar KAZUO OKUNUKT KAZUO OKUNUKT Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of OsakaOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 42, Issue 5, September 1955, Pages 491–498, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126552 Published: 01 September 1955 Article history Received: 16 May 1955 Published: 01 September 1955