gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing Turbulent Shear Flows — A Convenient Conspiracy (1993)

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Interactions of a Photo-Affinity ATP Analog with Cation-Stimulated Adenosine Triphosphatases of Human Red Cell Membranes (1974)

To identify and isolate ATP binding and hydrolyzing sites of human red cell membranes we have synthesized a photo-activated ATP analog, 8-azido adenosine triphosphate (N(3)ATP). In the absence of ultraviolet light it is a substrate for both the Mg-ATPase and the ouabain-sensitive, Na,K-ATPase. Hydrolysis of N(3)ATP is prevented by increasing concentrations of ATP. Photolysis of N(3)ATP with red cell membranes results in covalent incorporation and irreversible inhibition of both ATPase activities. Also, only three protein components of the red cell membranes are labeled. This labeling is completely abolished by appropriate concentrations of ATP.
Die Gründung der deutschen Burschenschaft in Jena (1883)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
INFLUENCE OF POST-HARVEST TREATMENTS ON QUALITY OF GALIA MELONS DURING LOW TEMPERATURE STORAGE (2007)

A new post-harvest treatment for ‘Galia’-type melons has been developed for simultaneously clearing and disinfecting using hot water and brushes. Pre-storage heat treatment appears to be one of the most promising in post-harvest control decay. The efficiency of HWRB treatment was dependent on the temperature used and time of exposure. Fruits were placed on rotating brushes and rinsed with tap water followed by a hot water rinse (HWRB) at 50, 54, 58 and 60 ±1°C for 15 sec. The fruits were removed from the cartons and hand-sprayed until completely coated hand-sprayed with Zivdar wax (Safepack, Raanana, Decco, Israel) for melons, containing 2% (w/v) sodium bicarbonate (SBS) incorporated into wax represented the current commercial treatment. After drying, melons were repacked in the cartons and stored for 14 days at 2°C and 5°C and up to 5 days at 20°C (shelf life during retail and marketing). The optimal treatment to reduce decay while maintain fruit quality after prolonged storage and marketing simulation was 60 ±1°C for 15 sec. Treatment includes hot water drenching (60°C for 10-15 sec) applied while the fruit is rolling on soft brushes and followed by coating with a wax preparation containing 2% sodium bicarbonate. The efficacy of the new post-harvest practice (hot water washing, coating with wax preparation containing sodium bicarbonate) was confirmed in Galia melons. This practice improved the general appearance and reduced post-harvest decay while maintaining fruit quality.
Dry etch challenges of 0.25 /spl mu/m dual damascene structures (1998)

Interconnects for integrated circuits are generally formed by reactive ion etching (RIE) of the metal stack. However, this process is susceptible to shorts between neighboring lines due to either incomplete etching of the stack or electrically conducting etch by products. As a result, there has been much recent interest in using damascene processes (where chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) is used to form the metal lines) to fabricate interconnects at dimensions of 0.25 /spl mu/m and less. The damascene process has a number of benefits; the lines are defined by oxide RIE, which is considerably simpler than RIE of a multilayer metal stack. The metal CMP process provides a nearly planar surface, eliminating the need for good gap fill by the interlevel dielectrics. Finally, the metal fill of the interconnects and vias can be combined into one step (i.e. dual damascene), resulting in reduced cost.
Scots pine expresses short‐root‐specific peroxidases during development (2001)

Nine short-root-specific proteins from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) detected and isolated as individual spots by 2D-PAGE were identified. The similar peptide mass maps obtained for all nine polypeptide spots together with lectin-blotting results suggest that they represent forms of the same modified protein. N-Terminal sequence analysis of two of the peptides showed high similarity to peroxidases. RT-PCR with oligonucleotide primers corresponding to determined peptide sequences and conserved regions in plant peroxidases led to isolation of Psyp1 cDNA which is most abundantly expressed in short roots. Psyp1 is the first peroxidase cDNA to be isolated from the genus Pinus. It encodes a 363-amino-acid class-III peroxidase with a calculated molecular mass of 35.7 kDa and theoretical pI of 4.74. The predicted PSYP1 amino-acid sequence is grouped with other class-III peroxidases in phylogenetic analyses, but it has a unique amino-acid sequence which may be associated with its function in short roots or with its phylogenetic group. The presence of a signal sequence for extracellular transport indicates that PSYP1 belongs to the group of secreted class-III peroxidases. The presence of 10 tyrosine residues and putative auxin-binding regions in PSYP1 suggests that the function of the enzyme is associated with cell-wall formation in short roots. The downregulation of Psyp1 expression in symbiotic short roots hosting the ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus bovinus is perhaps related to the change in cell-wall structure necessary for ectomycorrhizal development.
Polymorphism in 1,3,5-triaroylbenzenes: structural characterization of concomitant polymorphs obtained from 1,3,5-tris(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzene (2004)

The crystal structures of two concomitant conformational polymorphs of 1,3,5-tris(4-chlorobenzoyl)benzene are described. Both polymorphs self-assemble into discrete network architectures mediated by weak C–H⋯O and C–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding in one case and multiple CO⋯Cl and Cl⋯Cl interactions in the other. The thermochemical properties of these polymorphs were examined using differential scanning calorimetry.
Skin Response To Fabric. A Review of Studies and Assessment Methods (1992)

Research studies which provide insight into the response of human skin to fabric when contacted by and/or covered with fabric are reviewed When possible, the fabric parameter thought influential in eliciting a certain response (e.g., increase in capillary blood flow, hydration state) is given. The operating principles of several key instruments used for assessing the response of skin to fabric are explained.
Suppressed Activities of Cathepsins and Metalloproteinases in the Chronic Model of Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephrosis (1999)

Glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis are the hallmarks of chronic renal diseases. In the present study, we have investigated the potential involvement of various proteinases in these alterations in the model of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN) nephrosis. Two groups of male Wistar rats were given either three or seven injections of PAN (2.0 mg/100 g body weight) over a 4- and 12-week period, respectively. The two control groups received saline injections. Activities of cathepsins (B, H and L) were determined in isolated glomeruli and proximal tubules. Moreover, collagenase-like and gelatinase-like activities were analyzed in isolated glomeruli. Three weeks after weekly PAN injection, the rats developed heavy proteinuria (140.8+/-22.0 vs. 13.5+/-3.29 mg/day; p<0.001), and at week 11 protein excretion reached 606.6+/-23.00 vs. 22.8+/-1.5 mg/day. Renal morphology revealed minimal glomerular mesangial changes at the 4th week after PAN administration. At the 12th week a marked mesangial matrix accumulation as well as severe tubulointerstitial infiltration and fibrosis associated with tubular dilation and atrophy were observed. Glomerular cathepsins B, H, and L and gelatinase-like activities decreased at the 4th week after the first PAN injection and remained at this low level throughout the entire study period. Glomerular collagenase-like activity decreased at the 4th week (p<0.05) and was still mildly lower than that of the control group at the 12th week, but without significance. In the isolated proximal tubules, the activities of cathepsins B, H, and L showed the same pattern of decreases as those found in the glomeruli over the whole experimental period. Taken together, our data in the model of chronic PAN nephrosis suggest that the suppressed activities of cathepsins as well as the decreased gelatinase- and collagenase-like activities participate in the accumulation of extracellular matrix and thereby may contribute to the development of glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
Gonadotrophin and prolactin secretory dynamics in girls with normal puberty, idiopathic precocious puberty and precocious puberty due to hypothalamic hamartoma (1998)

We conclude that spontaneous gonadotrophin and prolactin secretion are similar among girls with hypothalamic hamartoma, idiopathic precocious puberty, or normal puberty. However, the increased LHRH-stimulated peak LH in the girls with hypothalamic hamartoma suggests subtle differences in neuroendocrine regulation that may underlie their more rapid pubertal maturation.
Raman Spectral Evidence for Conformational Changes in the Liquid-Crystal Homologous Series of the Alkoxyazoxybenzenes (1972)

A study of the Raman spectra of the alkoxyazoxybenzenes has revealed new bands which change markedly in all phases. Evidence is presented that indicates the existence of different alkoxy tail conformations between all observed phases. A tentative assignment of a band associated with an accordion mode is made.
Pulmonary vein morphology by free‐breathing whole heart magnetic resonance imaging at 3 tesla versus breathhold multi‐detector computed tomography (2012)

Pulmonary vein measurements demonstrated significant differences in angulations and dimensions when 3T MR is compared with MDCT. These differences likely represent hemodynamic and respiratory variation during free-breathing with MR versus breath-holding with MDCT. MR imaging at 3T during free-breathing offers an alternate method to define pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomy without exposure to radiation.
Prognostic value of hormone receptors in breast cancer (1988)

The aim of this study was to establish the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) as prognostic indicators for early recurrence and survival. In all, among breast cancer patients, 166 patients who had undergone radical or extended radical mastectomy were studied. These patients were treated with adjuvant chemotherapy alone for 2-3 years after surgery. No patients had adjuvant endocrine therapy. Local recurrence and/or distant metastases were treated by endocrine therapy and/or chemotherapy. The relapse-free interval was not different between the ER-positive and ER-negative patients. The postrelapse survival curve was significantly different between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the relapse-free interval and the postrelapse survival curve between the PgR-positive and PgR-negative patients. These results suggest that ER is a good predictor of the response to endocrine therapy given after relapse, but not of early recurrence.
Design for Autonomy: Integrating Technology Transfer into Product Development Process (2017)

This paper presents the integrated product development tool Design for Autonomy for reengineering of complex products. The objective is to assure that the product can be designed, produced and operated in Brazil for a defined period of time at a minimum risk of being dependent on export bans or unavailability of components. This tool is a new member of the Design for X family, which aims at integrating the requirements from the autonomy area into the conceptual phase of the product development process. Development guidelines derived from the procedures of the generic Design for X development framework are presented that lead to a balance between functionality and operability. The Design for Autonomy tool contains four steps: (1) Analysis of the product in order to identify critical elements; (2) Preparation of nationalization; (3) Reverse engineering of the original product in order to obtain technological know-how; and (4) Forward engineering for a national product, stimulating improvements and added value. The implementation can be evaluated by qualitative and quantitative performance criteria comparing the national product with the baseline configuration of the original product. The Design for Autonomy tool is being successfully applied and verified on a pilot project in the Brazilian space sector.
Holographic Gratings in Diblock Copolymers with Azobenzene and Mesogenic Side Groups in the Photoaddressable Dispersed Phase (2005)

Abstract Diblock copolymers, consisting of a photoaddressable mesogen‐containing dispersed phase and a polystyrene matrix, have been synthesized and characterized as holographic data storage materials. The photoaddressable phase contains p ‐methoxy‐substituted azobenzene side groups and benzoylbiphenyl mesogenic side groups in a statistical distribution. Three‐ring mesogenic groups in combination with photoaddressable azobenzene side groups have been introduced for the first time in block copolymers in order to increase the local refractive‐index difference between illuminated and non‐illuminated volume elements, as well as to improve the stability of the orientation, while, at the same time, decreasing the optical density. To this end, a series of block copolymers with different azobenzene/mesogen ratios have been synthesized. The light‐induced reorientation dynamics of the chromophores and mesogens and the long‐term stability of the orientation have been studied with volume holographic measurements. A remarkable increase in stability of the holographic gratings has been achieved.
Multistable Cascaded Optical Resonators for Deflection Sensors (2010)

In this paper, a novel optical deflection sensor element comprised of two cascaded optical resonators is proposed and analyzed. The proposed structure is designed to operate in a multistable (input to output) regime. As the first resonator is equipped with a movable mirror, connected to a diaphragm in order to sense changes in deflection, the second resonator is filled with nonlinear material. It is theoretically demonstrated that such a structure has a novel memory property, aside from having the ability to yield instant deflection measurements. This novel property is attributed to the nonlinearity of the medium of the second resonator. Furthermore, the sensor's sensitivity, which is the ratio of the change in the output light intensity to the change in the induced deflection, is shown to be enhanced due to the multistable behavior of the proposed cascade optical resonators. This device possesses a promising potential for applications in future smart sensors.
Automated segmentation of synapses in 3D EM data (2011)

This contribution presents a method for automatic detection of excitatory, asymmetric synapses and segmentation of synaptic junctional complexes in stacks of serial electron microscopy images with nearly isotropic resolution. The method uses a Random Forest classifier in the space of generic image features, computed directly in the 3D neighborhoods of each pixel, and an additional step of interactive probability maps thresholding. On the test dataset, the algorithm missed considerably less synapses than the human expert during the ground truth creation, while maintaining an equivalent false positive rate. The algorithm is implemented as an extension to the Interactive Learning and Segmentation Toolkit “ilastik” and is freely available on our website (www.ilastik.org/synapse-detection).
A New Approach to Sensing H Using SBA‐15 Grafted with Fluorene di‐ammonium Groups and Theoretical study (2016)

Abstract Fluorene‐di‐ammonium‐functionalized mesoporous silica (FDMS) was prepared through post synthesis grafting method of SBA‐15. The obtained material was characterized by means of small and wide angle X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorptiondesorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spec‐ troscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. The results showed that the original structure of SBA‐15 is preserved after the post grafting procedure. Surface area, pore size and pore volume de‐ creased by attaching functional groups to the pore surface. The grafted amount of fluorene on the surface of SBA‐15 was 0.50 mmol with yield about 40.6 %. The emission spectra of FDMS was studied in acid me‐ dia and discussed in details. Computational studies were performed in order to obtain a detailed electronic description of the mechanism of FDMS fluorescence by H + as well as studying the structure and bonding in the (FDMS)H + . The structural change between FDMS and protonated form can serve as an effective candidate for pH‐indicator, and might be used as acid‐dependent molecular‐sensor models for advanced applications in optical sensors in the future.
Who's At The Keyboard? Authorship Attribution in Digital Evidence Investigations (2005)

In some investigations of digital crime, the question of who was at the keyboard when incriminating documents were produced can be legitimately raised. Authorship attribution can then contribute to the investigation. Authorship methods which focus on linguistic characteristics currently have accuracy rates ranging from 72 % to 89%, within the computational paradigm. This article presents a computational, stylometric method which has obtained 95 % accuracy and has been successfully used in investigating and adjudicating several crimes involving digital evidence. The article concludes with a brief review of the current admissibility status of authorship identification techniques. Section 1: The Need and Available Methods In the investigation of certain crimes involving digital evidence, when a specific machine is identified as the source of documents, a legitimate question is, “Who was at the keyboard when the relevant documents were produced? ” For example, consider the following scenarios, drawn from actual cases. 1. A government employee wrote e-mails to his supervisor in which he disparaged her racial heritage. After he was terminated for cause, he sued the federal
A New Form of Antiviral Combination Therapy Predicted to Prevent Resistance from Arising, and A Model System to Test It (2001)

Combination therapy in the treatment of viral infections in which, for example, three different drugs against three different targets on three independent proteins are administered, has been highly successful clinically. However, it is only a matter of time before a virus will arise resistant to all three drugs, because the mutations leading to drug resistance are independent of each other. But, what if the mutations leading to drug resistance are not independent of each other, but confer some cost to the virus? If the cost is too great, than resistance may not arise. To impose such a cost in the clinical treatment of viral infections, we propose a new form of combination therapy. Here, three different drugs against three different targets on the same virus-coded protein are administered. If the physiological functions of the three different target sites are not independent of each other, then, a mutation at one site may alter the physiological functions at the other sites. We present a model system in which to test the efficacy of this new form of triple combination therapy. Human adenovirus has a virus-coded proteinase that is essential for the synthesis of infectious virus. It contains an active site and two cofactor binding sites the functions of the active site are dependent upon the cofactors interacting with their binding sites. We describe how to obtain drugs against the three different sites.
Evaluation of a coal sample from Birtley engineering (Canada) ltd. (1974)

Mr. F.J. Horvat, Manager, Birtley Engineering (Canada) Ltd. requested the Energy Research Laboratories for a complete evaluation of a coal labelled CS &amp; MT 1190 Comp. - 1.60A involving a petrographic analysis, a Gieseler plasticity, dilatation tests, and an examination of the semi-coke. The sample was received in a plastic bag on October 15, 1974. The particle size of the coal sample was below 1/8".
Stereoselective Synthesis of CF<sub>2</sub>-Substituted Phosphothreonine Mimetics and Their Incorporation into Peptides Using Newly Developed Deprotection Procedures<sup>,</sup> (2000)

Stereoselective syntheses of all four stereoisomers of CF(2)-substituted nonhydrolyzable phosphothreonine derivatives (33, 39, and their enantiomers) and their incorporation into peptides are described herein. Key to the synthesis of these amino acids was construction of secondary phosphate-mimicking difluoromethylphosphonate units along with generation of two stereocenters. The former was achieved using a Cu(I)-mediated cross-coupling reaction of BrZnCF(2)P(O)(OEt)(2) (8) and beta-iodo-alpha,beta-unsaturated ester 12, with stereochemistry of both alpha- and beta-stereocenters being established using bornane-10,2-sultam as a chiral auxiliary. Diastereoselective hydrogenation of a chiral alpha,beta-unsaturated acylsultam (for the beta-center) (e.g., 16a) and subsequent stereoselective bromination (for the alpha-center of the threo derivative) or amination (for the alpha-center of erythro (allo) derivative) were utilized. Transesterification of the bromide to the benzyl ester followed by azide displacement of the halogen, then reduction of the resulting azide, followed by Boc-protection and finally removal of the benzyl group, afforded protected both L- and D-phosphothreonine mimetics (39 and its enantiomer). On the other hand, protected both L- and D-allo-phosphothreonine mimetics (33 and its enantiomer) were synthesized via transesterification of the above-mentioned amination product, followed by hydrogenolytic removal of the benzyl group. Key to utilization of these amino acid analogues in peptide synthesis was removal of ethyl protection from the difluoromethylphosphonate moiety. A two-step deprotection methodology, consisting of a combination of a first-step reagent [0.3 M BSTFA-TBAI in CH(2)Cl(2), BF(3).Et(2)O] followed by a second-step reagent [1 M TMSOTf-thioanisole in TFA, m-cresol, EDT] was developed for use in solid-phase protocols. A 12-residue Cdc (cell division cycle) 2-peptide 41, possessing two nonhydrolyzable phosphoamino acid mimetics (F(2)Pmab 6 and F(2)Pmp 4), was subjected to this deprotection procedure and was obtained in 25% yield based on the protected resin. The present synthetic method affords nonhydrolyzable phosphoamino acid mimetics-containing peptides in high yield without accompanying side reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Aerobic Epoxidation of Olefinic Compounds Catalyzed by Tris(1,3‐diketonato)iron(III). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Bitterness reduction of naringin and limonin by .BETA.-cyclodextrin. (1982)

Taste interactions of β-cyclodextrin with naringin or limonin, which are bitter tasting constituents of citrus fruits and their products, were evaluated by psychophysical methods. The mechanism of interaction of β-cyclodextrin with naringin or limonin was explained by both the solubilities of the bitter tasting compounds and the changes brought about by proton shifts within the β-cyclodextrin. In the presence of 0.5% β-cyclodextrin, the bitterness of naringin or limonin was reduced to approximately half of what it was without β-cyclodextrin. This reduction in bitterness by β-cyclodextrin was also observed in the citrus juice itself. The solubilities of naringin or limonin increased with the addition of β-cyclodextrin. In a series of 1H NMR spectra of β-cyclodextrin in D2O, the low-field triplet signals assigned to the H-3 and H-5 protons, which are located within the cavity of β-cyclodextrin, showed a gradual shift to the higher-field values with increases in the molar ratio of naringin to β-cyclodextrin. It was concluded that this bitterness reduction was due to the formation of an inclusion complex between the β-cyclodextrin and the naringin or limonin.