gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband, Polarization-Insensitive Lensed Edge Couplers for Silicon Photonics (2018)

We have designed, fabricated and tested edge couplers for silicon photonics with etched lenses targeting industry-standard SMF-28 fibers as well as future alignment and dust-tolerant expanded-beam connectors. These edge couplers are based on a Si inverse taper combined with a SiON ridge waveguide and etched lens fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The lens structures were designed for coupling to SMF-28 fibers with a 1/e mode field diameter (MFD) of 10.4 micrometers in the telecommunications C-band. Alternate lens designs targeted expanded beams with 30 micrometer horizontal MFD. The measured SMF-28 lensed couplers exhibited a 1 dB bandwidth exceeding 150 nanometers, polarization dependent loss (PDL) of less than 1 dB and coupling efficiency better than -4.8 dB across the S-, C- and L-bands with only horizontal beam expansion.
TP53 mutations do not correlate with locoregional recurrence in stage I tongue carcinomas. (2000)

Neither the presence of mutations nor immunostaining had any impact on the risk of recurrence expressed as life-table analysis of time to recurrence.
Case of a Needle in the Lungs (1834)

the alterative and curative effects of mercury may be obtained without it, and that it is the safest method of procedure.Mercury is a more man-
Numerical model for multi-mode active control of turbofan noise (2002)

A numerical model has been developed to investigate the possibility of implementing active control to minimize noise radiation from turbofan engines. Previous experimental work on the NASA Glenn Research Center ANC fan have been encouraging, but the question remains of whether the modal approaches investigated can be expected to work effectively on real engines. The engine model presented here uses an indirect boundary element method, implemented with Sysnoise, and a multi-mode Newton algorithm to simulate the active control. Experimental results obtained using the NASA Glenn ANC fan, which has a simplified cylindrical engine geometry, were used as a benchmark for the model. The model results have been found to compare well with the experimental results. Recently, a more realistic, but still axisymmetric, engine geometry has been used. Preliminary results will be presented which indicate that a modal ANC approach should still be effective for controlling turbofan noise.
Increased activity of a phospholipid base‐exchange system by the differentiation of neoplastic cells from the nervous system (1980)

The activity of a base-exchange enzyme system, specific for the polar head-groups of brain phospholipids, was measured in both C 1300 mouse neuroblastoma (clone 41A3) and human glioma 138 MG cell lines. This base-exchange is thought to occur between free nitrogenous bases and membrane-bound phospholipids. The incorporation of free 14C-labeled ethanolamine and L-serine was determined in undifferentiated and morphologically differentiated cells. Both cell lines showed a significant increase in ethanolamine and L-serine incorporation upon differentiation.
Fabrication of Carbon-Based Field Emitters Using Stamp Technology (1999)

We propose and demonstrate stamp technology, a novel processing technique for a field electron emitter, in which emitter tips are fabricated by pressing a mold into a spin-coated organic material to completely transform the shape of the mold. The material is then modified by ion irradiation to produce a carbon-based emitter material. Starting materials tested were a high-temperature-cured polyimide and a photoresist (novolac resin). The shape of the mold can be completely transferred to these materials at pressure over 700 MPa at 250°C. A field-emission current up to the order of µA is obtained from emitters fabricated by this new technology with modification using Ar-ion irradiation at an energy of 100 keV to a dose of 3×10 16 cm -2 . The ion-beam-irradiation effect on polyimide and photoresist materials is also investigated in terms of electrical conductivity and chemical bonds.
Behandlung aktinischer Keratosen mit Birkenkorkextrakt: Eine Pilotstudie (2006)

Summary Background: Birch bark contains a variety of apoptosis‐inducing and anti‐inflammatory substances such as betulinic acid, betulin, oleanolic acid and lupeol. Therefore, birch bark extract may be effective in the treatment of actinic keratoses. To address this issue, a pilot study using a standardized birch bark ointment was performed. Methods: Twenty‐eight patients with actinic keratoses were enrolled in this prospective, non‐randomized pilot study. Fourteen patients were treated with birch bark ointment only; fourteen patients received a combination therapy with cryotherapy and birch bark ointment. Treatment response was assessed clinically after two months. Results: Clearing of more than 75 % of the lesions was seen in 79 % of the patients treated with birch bark ointment monotherapy. The response rate of the combined treatment modality was 93 %. Therapy with birch bark ointment was well tolerated. Conclusion: In this pilot study, a standardized birch bark extract was effective in the treatment of actinic keratoses. This therapy is easy to perform and it has no side effects. Birch bark ointment may be a new therapeutic option for actinic keratoses.
Federated Unscented Kalman Filter design for multiple satellites formation flying in LEO (2008)

The main focus of this paper is to design a more accurate optimal/suboptimal fault tolerant state estimator for relative dynamic model representing formation flying of two satellites in low earth orbit (LEO). First of all a mathematical model describing the relative dynamic motion of two satellites in formation is derived and next state estimation based on Kalman filter is emphasized. The measurement system comprises of a RADAR sensor installed on the leader satellite which measures the relative position, azimuth and elevation angle of the follower satellite with respect to reference satellite and carrier phase differential GPS (CDGPS) sensor measuring relative position directly. We have adopted nonlinear system and measurement models and used more advanced nonlinear filtering method called Unscented Kalman filter (UKF) in this paper in pursue of better state estimator in a nonlinear environment. Also we are using more than one sensor to measure same state hence this becomes a multisensor data fusion problem. We implement a federated UKF and apply fault detection and isolation (FDI) algorithms to get a fault tolerant filter. A comparison of Unscented Kalman filter and extended Kalman filter has been made to show superior performance of UKF.
Local Radiation Damage to Bone and Marrow Demonstrated by Radioisotopic Imaging (1969)

The effects of irradiation on the skeleton and the bone marrow have been extensively studied for many years. Most of this early work has been concerned with total-body irradiation rather than with localized fields commonly used in radiation therapy. As a rule, clinical evidence of radiation damage to bone does not present without either secondary infection or pathological fractures. In addition, roentgenographic evidence of this type of osseous damage is notoriously late in appearing. The changes following irradiation, however, are shown early by imaging the skeleton after the administration of short-lived radionuclides which selectively localize in either the skeleton or the reticuloendothelial system. These changes are apparent when neither clinical nor roentgenographic changes of radiation damage are present. The distribution of bone-seekers such as fluorine 18 within the skeleton is markedly affected by a variety of pathological states. Abnormal concentrations have been shown, for example, in areas of osteoblastic tumor sites, in fractures, arthritides, areas of osteomyelitis, and Paget's disease. The customary criterion for an abnormal bone scan is increased activity over one or more areas when compared to the opposite side of the skeleton. The reversal of a positive bone scan to normal in response to irradiation has also been reported (3). Nonetheless, decreased concentration on the side of an abnormality has not yet been described. Previous irradiation would appear to be the most common cause of this abnormality. The depressive effect of local external radiation on the reticuloendothelial activity of bone marrow has been previously reported (7–8). Imaging of the bone marrow by the reticuloendothelial concentration of radioactive colloid was first achieved with 198u colloid; however, the radiation doses delivered by the administration of 1 to 2.5 mCi of activity were prohibitively large except for limited studies in terminal cancer patients. With short-lived gamma-emitting radionuclides, such as 99sulfur colloid or 113or 68ferric hydroxide colloids, excessive tissue irradiation may be avoided. These agents demonstrate well all of the functioning bone marrow in man or experimental animals except that in the lower thoracic and upper lumbar spine where the skeleton is obscured by the higher concentrations in the liver and spleen. Infiltration of the marrow by metastases, multiple myeloma, myelosclerosis, lymphoma, lipoid dystrophies, or local irradiation may cause focal areas of decreased marrow reticuloendothelial activity. In this laboratory, the depressive effect of irradiation has been demonstrated by radioisotopic imaging before and after intracavitary and external radiotherapy for treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. In the present report, 10 patients with malignant tumors of the testes were studied, following irradiation in which asymmetrical pelvic fields of radiation were used.
Error recovery of image-based depth maps using B&#x00E9;zier curve fitting (2011)

This paper proposes a method to recover lost regions in image-based depth maps used in video plus depth 3D format. This method performs depth maps reconstruction taking into account depth contours within the lost regions. This is achieved by extracting the contours and recovering their lost segments based on Bézier curve fitting, followed by spatial interpolation. The proposed method maintains contour smoothness and uses them as the boundary limits of homogeneous depth regions, which are then filled through weighted pixel interpolation. The experimental results show that the proposed method yields better synthesized images than classic spatial concealment methods, uniquely based on pixel interpolation techniques. The method presented in this paper is able to outperform the reference method, in terms of PSNR by up to 1.91dB. The subjective quality is also shown as being significantly better.
Desenvolvimento de mobiliário infantil de exterior numa óptica de ecodesign - Projecto AMOPLAY (2009)

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil de Gestão de Sistemas Ambientais
Carotid body denervation (CBD) stunts development of Goldblatt 2 kidney‐1 clip (2K‐1C) hypertension in adult rats (2013)

The peripheral chemoreflex is sensitised in both the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and Goldblatt renovascular hypertension (2K1C). We have previously shown CBD to chronically lower arterial pressure (AP) in SHR. Here, we test whether established 2K‐1C hypertension can be ameliorated by CBD. The left renal artery of 6 week old Wistar rats was partially occluded. At 11 weeks of age rats were instrumented to record AP telemetrically, and after a 7 day baseline recording underwent CBD (n=5) or Sham (n=2) surgery. Respiratory rate fell at Week 1 following CBD (75±1 vs. 61±2 breaths/min) but recovered by Week 3 (70±2 breaths/min). AP rose steadily during baseline (+0.9±0.6 mmHg/day CBD; +1.0±0.5 mmHg/day Sham); this continued in Sham (+1.3±1.0 mmHg/day) but not CBD (−0.3±0.9 mmHg/day). Thus, at week 1 AP was unchanged from baseline in CBD rats (183±16 vs. 182±17 mmHg), but increased in Sham (201±18 vs. 210±21mmHg). Spontaneous baroreflex gain increased in CBD (−1.16±0.16 vs. −1.25±0.15 bpm/mmHg) but not Sham (1.1±0.09 vs. 1.0±0.12 bpm/mmHg). Reductions in low (6.3±0.5 vs. 6.0±0.8 mmHg2) and very low frequency (2.8±0.5 vs. 1.8±0.2 mmHg2) spectral power of systolic AP were seen in CBD but not Sham, suggesting sympathoinhibition. In summary, CBD appears to halt the continued AP increase in 2K‐1C rat, possibly via improved baroreflex gain and/or sympathoinhibition. Cibiem & British Heart Foundation funded research.
P2‐430: Screening performance of the Healthy Brain Checklist in a community setting (2012)

Community-based screening to discriminate normal cognitive aging (NC) from early stages of subjective and mild cognitive impairment (SCI, MCI) in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) is important for developing both preventive and disease-modifying therapies. The Healthy Brain Checklist (HBC) is a set of 16 binary response items that assess cognitively related functional abilities, cognitive changes that differentiate normal aging from ADRD, and major depression. The Orange County Vital Aging Program (OCVAP) is a county-based program designed to educate public and professionals, plus provide effective screening for maintaining cognitive health. The present study examined the HBC's screening performance in the OCVAP sample. 599 community subjects referred themselves to the OCVAP screening program, and were assessed using the HBC, the MCI Screen (objective cognitive test) and the Functional Assessment Staging Test procedure (FAST). Subjects were classified into FAST stages 1 (normal cognition: N = 93), 2 (SCI: N = 305), 3 (MCI: N = 137) or 4 (Mild Dementia: N = 64). Correspondence analysis was used to identify the HBC items with largest value separation between yes and no responses. These items were examined for accuracy classifying normal vs. cognitively impaired groups by dichotomizing FAST staging into groups of FAST 1-2 vs. 3-4. The classification scoring rule was very simple: if any of the items included for scoring were answered yes, then the subject was classified as cognitively impaired; otherwise, they were classified as normal. While the full set of HBC items had sensitivity for cognitive impairment (Sn) = 98.1%, specificity for normal cognition (Sp) = 6.0%, the reduced item sets identified by correspondence analysis performed as follows: a four item set gave Sn = 77.6%, and SP = 75.1%, a six item set gave Sn = 81.6% and SP = 70.9%, and an eight item subset gave Sn = 90.1% and SP = 52.0%. The HBC can be reduced to a four-to-eight item questionnaire with very simple interpretation and separate NC/SCI from MCI/Mild dementia with 78%-90% sensitivity and 75%-52% specificity. This preliminary work will be useful for screening in primary care setting. The further optimization will improve the accuracy of its utility.
On transient loading effects in cavitation pitting (1963)

Uric acid (UA) is a major antioxidant molecule and has been hypothesized to have a protective effect on the central nervous system against oxidative damage. We prospectively investigated the serum concentration of UA in primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG), and explored the association between serum concentration of UA and the severity of PACG. Using a retrospective case-control study design, 886 PACG subjects and 994 control subjects who attended the Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, were eligible for this study. Glaucoma severity was classified as mild (MD ≤ 6.00 dB), moderate (12 dB ≥ MD > 6 dB) and severe (MD > 12 dB) based on the MD (mean deviation). The levels of UA were significantly lower (p = 0.025) in PACG (0.286 ± 0.082 mmol/l) compared with control (0.295 ± 0.085 mmol/l). The mean serum UA levels were lowest in the severe group (0.281 ± 0.074 mmol/l) followed by moderate (0.282 ± 0.080 mmol/l) and mild (0.297 ± 0.090 mmol/l) with significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.032). In multivariate regression analysis, there was a significant negative correlation between UA level and vertical cup-disc ratio (B = -0.165, p = 0.035). Significantly lower serum UA concentration in PACG and its negative association with disease severity presented it as an important candidate in reaction to oxidative stress in glaucoma pathogenesis.
Ultra-scaled high-frequency single-crystal Si NEMS resonators and their front-end co-integration with CMOS for high sensitivity applications (2012)

This paper reports on ultra-scaled single-crystal Si NEMS resonators (25-40 nm thick) operating in the 10-100 MHz frequency range. Their first monolithic integration at the front-end level with CMOS enables to extract the signal from background leading to possible implementation of direct/homodyne measurement, for high sensitivity sensing applications and portable systems.
Exact minimization of fixed polarity Reed-Muller expressions for incompletely specified functions (2000)

This paper presents an exact minimization algorithm for fixed polarity Reed-Muller expressions (FPRMs) for incompletely specified functions.For an n-variable function with « unspecified minterms there are 2 n•« distinct FPRMs.A minimum FPRM is one with the fewest products.The minimization algorithm is based on the multi-terminal binary decision diagrams.Experimental results for a set of functions are shown.The algorithm can be extended to obtain exact minimum Kronecker expressions for incompletely specified functions.
Ulnar Nerve Instability in Children (1996)

We carried out a cross-sectional study to define the prevalence of ulnar nerve instability and its relationship to ligamentous laxity in the pediatric population. Children were divided into three age groups: group I (0-5 years), group II (6-10 years), and group III (11-18 years). Of children in group I 17.7%, of children in group II 7.7%, and 5.7% of children in group III had dislocating ulnar nerves. With the exception of one patient, nerve instability was bilateral. Of those children possessing all five Wynne-Davies signs of ligamentous laxity, 25.4% had dislocating nerves, 71.9% had subluxing nerves, and 2.6% had stable nerves. Age, ulnar nerve instability, and ligamentous laxity were statistically associated (p < 0.0001).
Virtual Animal Slaughtering and Dissection via Global Navigation Elements (2010)

This paper presents a method which able to integrate visual information for virtual animal slaughtering and dissection analysis. Virtual slaughtering and dissections will provide an educational alternative to real operations by accurately representing an animal specimen, simulating situations impossible to stage in real life, and incliding all kinds of additional learning tools. We will developed a flexible, multi-user, remotecapable, virtual environment system that can be used to simulate animal dissection training. This research will also to make recommendations on the technologies required to create a virtual environment for the simulation of an animal dissection procedure incorporating haptic feedback.
Electromagnetic Devices for Continuous Steel Casting Tundishes (2015)

Electromagnetic (EM) devices such as electromagnetic stirrer (EMS) and brake (EMBR) are extensively being used in steel industry across various processes in furnaces, ladles and casters. The application of EM devices in tundish is not well known despite the fact that tundish offers huge potential to improve steel cleanliness and overall melt quality, due to the availability of large surface area, before the melt is solidified in the mold. This article focuses on to develop EMS and EMBR for tundishes by way of quantifying their benefits in the process. For slab casting, a “T” shape two strand tundish is considered and for billet casting a “V” shape six strand tundish is considered for the analysis. Simulations of various combination of EMS and EMBR configurations are carried out for both two and six strand tundish to obtain better fluid flow characteristics, melt thermal homogenization and steel cleanliness. EM devices when used in tundishes influence the melt to reduce the temperature variations from around 15-17K to 5-7K besides avoiding short circuiting, compositional segregation with better control on strand(s) temperature while significantly improving inclusion floatation to produce cleaner steel. A surface heater canbe included in the tundish along with EM device to maintain strand(s) temperature at desired level while achieving optimum superheat to cast better quality steel and avoiding nozzle freezing.
Adaptive Antennas for Interference Mitigation of Barker/CCK Spread Wi-Fi Signals (2006)

A study of interference caused by adjacent IEEE 802.11 Barker-code spread and complementary code keying spread wireless fidelity signals used in wireless local area networks is presented. The interference resulted from these signals is thoroughly analyzed and compared to that caused by bandlimited flat spectral interferers as well as narrow band interferers. Adaptive antennas employing tapped-delay-lines are used to mitigate the interference effect from these signals. The optimal values for the delay-line parameters to restore the performance at minimum cost are found
Surface tension and fingering of miscible interfaces (1999)

Experiments on miscible, buoyantly unstable reaction-diffusion fronts and non-reacting displacement fronts in Hele-Shaw cells show a fingering-type instability whose wavelengths (lambda*) are consistent with an interfacial tension (sigma) at the front caused by the change in chemical composition, even though the solutions are miscible in all proportions. In conjunction with the Saffman-Taylor model, the relation sigma = K/tau, where tau is the interface thickness and K approximately equal 4 +/- 2 x 10(exp -6) dyne, enables prediction of our measured values of lambda* as well as results from prior experiments on miscible interfaces. These results indicate that even for miscible fluids, surface tension is generally a more significant factor than diffusion in interfacial stability and flow characteristics.
Mechanisms to splay-bend nematic phases (2019)

While twist-bend nematic phases have been extensively studied, the experimental observation of two dimensional, oscillating splay-bend phases is recent. We consider two theoretical models that have been used to explain the formation of twist-bend phases-flexoelectricity and bond orientational order-as mechanisms to induce splay-bend phases. Flexoelectricity is a viable mechanism, and splay and bend flexoelectric couplings can lead to splay-bend phases with different modulations. We show that while bond orientational order circumvents the need for higher order terms in the free energy, the important role of nematic symmetry and phase chirality rules it out as a basic mechanism.
Full system engineering design and operation of an oxygen plant (1992)

The production of oxygen from the indigenous resources on Mars is described. After discussing briefly the project's background and the experimental system design, specific experimental results of the electrolytic cell are presented. At the heart of the oxygen production system is a tubular solid zirconia electrolyte cell that will electrochemically separate oxygen from a high-temperature stream of Coleman grade carbon dioxide. Experimental results are discussed and certain system efficiencies are defined. The parameters varied include (1) the cell operating temperature; (2) the carbon dioxide flow rate; and (3) the voltage applied across the cell. The results confirm our theoretical expectations.
?Bottom up? approach to nano probe fabrication and study of graphene and carbon nanotubes (2014)

C nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene are considered as prime materials for nanometer-scale science and technology due to their unique and superior combination of electrical, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. This has inspired a widespread effort to develop CNTs and graphene based applications for next generation nanoelectronics. The practical realization of CNT and graphene technology depends critically on whether CNTs can be formed in a controlled manner and if graphene can be produced, modified and patterned into various predesigned architectures in planar (2D) or three dimensional layouts.