gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PALMITIC AND OLEIC ACIDS AND THEIR ROLE IN PATHOGENESIS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2014)

On the basis of phylogenetic theory of general pathology, the cause of a noninfectious disease whose occurrence in a population is more than 5–7% is an impaired biological function or reaction to the environment. From the general biology viewpoint, high mortality rate related to cardio-vascular diseases and atherosclerosis (intercellular deficiency of polyenic fatty acids (PFA)) is just extinction of the Homo sapiens population upon adaptation to new environmental factors. The biological function of throphology (feeding) and biological reaction of exotrophy (external feeding) are impaired in several aspects, the major of which is nonphysiologically high dietary content of saturated fatty acids, primarily, of palmitic fatty acid (FA). The lipoprotein system formed at early stages of phylogenesis cannot transport and provide physiological deposition of great amounts of palmitic FA, which leads to the development of an adaption (compensatory) and accumulation disease. This results in hypermipidemia, impaired bioavailability of PFA to cells, compesatory production of humoral mediators from ω-9 eicosatrienoic mead FA, disorders in physiological parameters of cell plasma membrane and integral proteins, nonphysiological conformation of apoВ-100 in lipoproteins, formation of ligandless lipoproteins (biological litter) and impairments in the biological function of endoecology, utilization of ligandless lipoproteins in arterial intima by phylogenetically early macrophages that do not hydrolyze polyenic cholesterol esters, increase in the intensity of the biological reaction of inflammation, and destructive and inflammatory lesions in arterial intima of an atheromatosis or atherothrombosis type. Atheromatous masses are catabolites of PFA which were not internalized by phylogenetically late cells via receptor-mediated pathway.
Treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Using a Gene Therapy Approach (1995)

Neurotrophic factors which act on motor neurons may provide an efficient treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In order to overcome the difficulty of administering proteins into the central nervous system, it is possible to use a gene therapy approach, i.e. the polymer encapsulation of cells which have been genetically engineered to release one of these neurotrophic factors. The polymer-encapsulated cells can be implanted subcutaneously or even intrathecally and permit continuous, slow release of proteins. There is no rejection of the cells due to their isolation by a semi-permeable membrane, no risk of tumor formation and the polymer device can be removed in the event of a problem.
Experience design in the automotive context (2013)

Various experiences in modern life are in one or another form connected to car rides. However, the automotive industry so far only regards driving as the only relevant experience, a perspective which consequently dominates the field of interaction design for vehicles. Yet, the car is an exceptionally potential space for experiences that go beyond the actual driving task, such as intensive conversation or exploration. So how is it possible to design for special situations like those, and thereby create positive emotions for drivers and passengers alike? To meet this objective it is necessary to use the human, instead of the function, as the starting point. The design approach of "Experience Design" defined by Marc Hassenzahl provides exactly this focus on the human and concentrates first on their experience. Here, positive emotions are specifically created through the fulfilling of psychological needs. Experience Design enables the precise analysis of experiences in advance of the design by clarifying with the help of psychological needs why a considered experience is viewed as positive. Furthermore, Experience Design supports the composition of an Experience Story, which is attuned to the desired psychological needs and which defines the experience to be designed. This experience can then gradually be translated into an interaction design. Finally, with the help of technology, the created experience can be lived through in situ by participants and later analysed. Based upon this design approach and by means of methods drawn from the fields of human machine-interaction as well as psychology, four studies on the design of experiences through interaction products in the automotive domain are presented. The created experiences are divided into "Experiences at Group Drives in the Car for Pleasure" and "Experiences While Commuting Alone". These experiences take place in different scenarios, namely: in a motorcade, an exploratory cruise, a commuting ride, and while driving considerately. Out of the practical application of Experience Design in these studies a best practice for the use of the employed methods is developed. Thereby, this work brings to light the possibilities for using technology to design experiences that go beyond the mere act of driving. Furthermore, the challenges of designing experiences in usability-focused environments are shown. Thus, this work is aimed at offering inspiration to designers and researchers particularly in the automotive domain for designing experiences and thereby furthering innovation.
[Photodynamic inactivation of porphyrin sensitized T7 phages: efficiency and mechanism of action]. (2003)

We investigated the efficiency and the mechanism of action of two glycoconjugated tetraphenyl porphyrins in their photoreaction with T7 bacteriophage. Both types of porphyrins sensitized the photoinactivation of T7, but the slopes of inactivation kinetics were markedly different. Our result suggests that both type I and type II reaction play a role in the virus inactivation. Optical melting studies revealed structural changes in the protein part but not in the DNA of the photo-chemically treated nucleoprotein complex. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis failed to demonstrate any DNA damage.
Early Life Represents a Vulnerable Time Window for IL-33–Induced Peripheral Lung Pathology (2019)

IL-33, an IL-1 family cytokine, is constitutively expressed in mucosal tissues and other organs in healthy humans and animals, and expression levels increase in inflammatory conditions. Although IL-33-mediated promotion of type 2 immune responses has been well established, a gap in our knowledge regarding the functional diversity of this pleiotropic cytokine remains. To address this gap, we developed a new IL-33 transgenic mouse model in which overexpression of full-length IL-33 is induced in lung epithelial cells under conditional control. In adult mice, an ∼3-fold increase in the steady-state IL-33 levels produced no pathologic effects in the lungs. When exposed to airborne allergens, adult transgenic mice released more IL-33 extracellularly and exhibited robust type 2 immune responses. In neonatal transgenic mice, up to postnatal day 14, a similar increase in steady-state IL-33 levels resulted in increased mortality, enlarged alveolar spaces resembling bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and altered expression of genes associated with tissue morphogenesis. Processed 25-kDa IL-33 protein was detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids without any exogenous stimuli, and pathologic changes were abolished in mice deficient in the IL-33 receptor ST2. These findings suggest that adult lungs are relatively resistant to IL-33 overexpression unless they encounter environmental insults, whereas developing lungs are highly susceptible, with IL-33 overexpression resulting in detrimental and pathologic outcomes.
Refraction and shielding of sound from a source in a jet (1976)

In typical jet-noise measurements one is almost always interested in the pressure in the far field as kR → ∞. The purpose of this paper is to show that this limit is singular in the sense of matched asymptotic expansions. The inner solution ( k fixed, R → ∞) is given by geometric acoustics , whereas the outer is given by the so-called acoustic-shielding solution ( k fixed, R → ∞). A suitable composite solution is also constructed. Now jet-noise measurements are always made at fixed and finite values of R (typically 50 jet diameters) and from these measurements one would like to infer the value of pR at R = ∞, where p is the acoustic pressure. One interesting and somewhat unexpected result of this paper is that the value of pR at infinity cannot be inferred from these measurements above a certain frequency. In other words, in order to obtain accurate estimates of pR at infinity for higher and higher frequencies, one has to be further and further away from the jet!
Feasibility of Radical Prostatectomy After Neoadjuvant Chemohormonal Therapy for Patients With High Risk or Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results of a Phase I/II Study (2004)

Neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy followed by radical prostatectomy can be performed with low morbidity. Positive surgical margin rates are low. This approach yielded good local control of disease, however impact on tumor recurrence and survival is not known.
Hormonal effects of MPV‐2213ad, a new selective aromatase inhibitor, in healthy male subjects. A phase I study (1998)

MPV-2213ad has a potent, dose-dependent inhibitory effect on serum oestradiol. It was selective for the aromatase enzyme with no signs of adreno-cortical suppression or haematological or biochemical toxicity.
High-speed free-space traveling-wave photodetector (1998)

Summary form only given. Because of the large quantum efficiency and sensitivity of photodiodes, this increase in the dynamic range could only result from an improved saturation intensity of the photodetector. Several methods have been proposed to increase this intensity that are mostly related to traveling-wave structures. To benefit from a large detection volume, with independently optimized dimensions, we propose a new concept in which the synchronous propagation of the detected modulated light and of the photogenerated microwave signal is obtained through the use of a diffraction grating, providing time delays on the free-space propagating laser beam.
Age and Participation in Vocational Education and Training (2001)

In recent years increasing attention has been paid to the problems faced by older workers in the UK labour market. In this paper we examine the issue of older workers' participation in vocational training and education, drawing upon data from the Labour Force Survey. Our initial analysis identifies how rates of participation in workrelated education and training differ between age groups. Further exploratory analysis attempts to identify possible reasons for this, analysing the type of training undertaken by various age groups as well as the incidence of self-financed training. We then estimate an ordered-probit model for males and females separately, in an attempt to isolate the extent to which this lower incidence among older workers is due to employer or employee decision making. We find that, when compared to a reference group of prime aged individuals, those aged between 40 and 49 and 50 and 59/64 are less likely to undergo training and, also, less likely to be offered training. We conclude that the lower incidence of training among older workers can be mainly attributed to employer decision making. Finally, we discuss the implications of these findings for public policy.
Sub-fs Resolution with the Enhanced Operation of the X-band Transverse Deflecting Cavity using an RF pulse Compression SLED Cavity (2017)

The successful operation of the x-band transverse deflecting cavity (XTCAV) installed downstream of the LCLS undulator has been further enhanced by the recent addition of an RF pulse compression "SLED" cavity that doubles the temporal resolving power of this powerful diagnostic system for measurement of the longitudinal profile of both the electron bunch and the x-ray FEL pulse. RF pulse compression has allowed us to use the existing SLAC X-band klystron with nominal output power of 50 MW and extend the RF pulse length by a factor 4 to give us 4 times the peak power after compression. A new, innovative SLED cavity was designed and built at SLAC to operate efficiently at X-band*. The elegant design uses a small spherical cavity combined with a polarizing mode coupler hybrid. We will report on the installation, commissioning and beam measurements demonstrating the sub-femtosecond resolution of the XTCAV system.
The Development of Socrates in Europe (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">SOCRATES stands for “System of Cellular RAdio for Traffic Efficiency and Safety”. This paper provides an update on what many consider to be the technology with the greatest potential for successfully achieving the realisation of an Integrated Road Transport Environment (IRTE).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">SOCRATES is a complete system: developments within the SOCRATES projects include applications, in-vehicle equipment, information centres and system architecture, as well as communications. However, one of the key areas within the SOCRATES research concerns the potential future communications system and this paper will cover this area in particular. DRIVE Central Office has given the responsibility to the SOCRATES Kernel project to investigate how applications and communications bearers (particularly mobile) may be integrated in an efficient and standardised way. This work area covers the extension of work begun in the DRIVE 1 projects SOCRATES and CIDER on the concept of the “DRIVE Normalised Transmission” or DNT. The DNT is a means to integrate and standardise communications for RTI/ATT/IVHS, to conform to the OSI framework, to make use of available ISO/OSI protocols where possible, and to promote new standardisation activities.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">During the concluding stages of the SOCRATES 1 project, within the DRIVE 1 initiative, the partners realised that there was a continuing need for the overall coordination of SOCRATES developments. Plans were being made for the implementation of SOCRATES pilot projects, and the concept emerged of a “Kernel” project which would perform this function of overall coordination.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">SOCRATES pilot systems are being implemented in London, Gothenburg and the Hessen region of Germany. The SOCRATES Kernel performs a coordination and liaison role for the establishment of future SOCRATES services in a pan-European context.</div>
Parallel computing for network optimization: a cluster-based approach for the dual transshipment problem (2002)

The traditional simplex method for solving the transshipment problem or its dual does not offer much scope for parallelization because it moves from one basic solution to another. To address this problem, we recently presented a new method called the Modified Network Dual Simplex method. This method incorporates two novel features: a technique to convert a non-basic dual feasible solution to a basic dual feasible solution, and strategies for performing pivots concurrently. In a more recent paper (1994), theauthors discuss the suitability of this approach in the Integrated VLSI layout compaction and wire balancing problem. In this paper, we describe another novel method for solving the dual transshipment problem. It combines the concurrent pivoting strategies of with a massively parallel method for converting a non-basic feasible solution to a basic feasible solution (without reducing the objective value). The method employs extensively the notion of cluster firing. Results of testing of this method on large scale graphs are also presented.
A general soft ionization method for mass spectrometry: Resonance‐enhanced multi‐photon ionization of biomolecules (1986)

Abstract We show here that ‘double‐barrelled’ laser desorption/resonance‐enhanced multi‐photon ionization mass spectrometry has many advantages over traditional single‐step desorption/ionization techniques, particularly if combined with Reflectron‐Time‐of‐Flight mass analysers. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique for large labile biomolecules, namely native chlorophylls, porphyrins and a peptide, as examples of structural and mass analysis.
Die Energiewende 2011 in Deutschland: Ein Vademecum für die Diskussion? (2011)

Der vorliegende Text soll Unterstützung in der Diskussion des Jahres 2011 um die Struktur der deutschen Energieversorgung geben. Er sammelt ausgewählte grundlegende Fakten und versucht, einige Argumente zu strukturieren. Der Text wurde aus der Erfahrung vieler Diskussionen verfasst und ist keine wissenschaftliche Expertenstudie. Er erhebt auch keinen Anspruch auf umfassende Darstellung und beschränkt sich weitgehend auf wissenschaftlich-technische Aspekte. Als Quellen wurden allgemein zugängliche Datenbasen des BMWI und BDEW verwendet. Die Zahlen sind nicht aktuell, aber allgemein durch das Internet verfügbar. Die Abschätzungen im Text sind pauschal und berücksichtigen nicht einige komplexe Zusammenhänge, die in der Kürze der Zeit nicht recherchierbar waren. Sie geben aber ein Gerüst quantitativer Zusammenhänge, welche in der aktuellen Diskussion hilfreich sein können.
Improvement of Surface Quality of Continuously Cast Steel by Electromagnetic Mold (1994)

In order to improve surface quality of continuously cast steel, the investigation applying alternating magnetic field on initial solidification shell was carried out. The capacity of electric generator is 200kW, and frequency is 20kHz. Mold size is 150mm and 180mm square, and the upper part of mold is divided into 28 segments and surrounded with coil.0.12% carbon steel which has high crack sensitivity, was cast to verify the effect of alternating magnetic field on the billet surface quality. Casting speed ranges from 0.4 to 1.3m/min. At the casting, a mold flux was used.Surface roughness caused by mold oscillation and meniscus fluctuation can be remarkably decreased by applying optimum magnetic flux density distribution. In case of no magnetic field, average surface roughness caused mainly by mold oscillation is about 600 to 700μm and the deepest one reaches to 1300μm.However, when the electric power of 150kW is applied, the average roughness can be improved less than 300μm. When too much power is applied, the surface roughness worsens. It can be also cleared that there must be an optimum condition of the distance between coil and meniscus. The relation between the coil and meniscus position is an important factor to realize a soft contact situation between the solidified shell and mold.Shell formation in the electromagnetic mold was also examined.
Effects of Directional Microphone and Transducer in Spatially Feedforward Active Noise Control System (2001)

In this paper, an experimental study concerning the effects of a directional microphone and transducer in a duct active noise control (ANC) system in the presence of acoustic feedback is described. In the duct ANC system, a spatial feedforward system is used for broadband noise cancellation in ducts, where a non-acoustical reference is unavailable. In this structure, acoustic feedback that is known to be detrimental to the system stability and performance must be taken into account in the controller design. The algorithm of the proposed control system is based on the previous work by Roure (1985), Munjal and Eriksson, Hong and Bernstein (1998), and there exists some discusses for spatially feedforward structure. The algorithm is implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP), using finite impulse response (FIR) and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters. Experiments are carried out to evaluate the effects of a directional microphone and transducer in proposed the system for reducing the noise at the broadband noise source. The results of the experiment indicated that the proposed system with a directional microphone and loudspeaker improved the ANC system attenuation performance in the presence of acoustic feedback.
Rapid paracellular transmigration of Campylobacter jejuni across polarized epithelial cells without affecting TER: role of proteolytic-active HtrA cleaving E-cadherin but not fibronectin (2012)

These results suggest that HtrA-mediated E-cadherin cleavage is involved in rapid crossing of the epithelial barrier by C. jejuni via a very specific mechanism using the paracellular route to reach basolateral surfaces, but does not cleave the fibronectin receptor which is necessary for cell entry.
Correction: The Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR-1 (TGR5) Modulates Integrity of Intestinal Barrier and Immune Response to Experimental Colitis (2013)

Background: GP-BAR1, a member G protein coupled receptor superfamily, is a cell surface bile acid-activated receptor highly expressed in the ileum and colon. In monocytes, ligation of GP-BAR1 by secondary bile acids results in a cAMPdependent attenuation of cytokine generation.
Taxine. Part VII. The stereochemistry of hydrogenolysis of O-β-phenylpropionyltaxicin-I (1967)

The hydroxycyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acids (11) and (16), of known configuration, were converted into their deoxy-analogues, (9) and (7), respectively. The cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (7) was also obtained, without change of configuration, by oxidation of the dialdehyde (4), which is a product of periodate cleavage of 5-deoxy-4,16-dihydrotaxicin-I. The latter must therefore have the 4α-configuration (2; R = H), unlike the normal 4,16-dihydrotaxicin-I derivatives, e.g., (1; R = H), which have the 4β-configuration. The 4 α-configuration of (2; R = H) is attributed primarily to the need for inversion of configuration at the hydrogenolysis centre when a palladium catalyst is used.
Comparative Genomics of Trace Element Dependence in Biology (2011)

Biological trace elements are needed in small quantities but are used by all living organisms. A growing list of trace element-dependent proteins and trace element utilization pathways highlights the importance of these elements for life. In this minireview, we focus on recent advances in comparative genomics of trace elements and explore the evolutionary dynamics of the dependence of user proteins on these elements. Many zinc protein families evolved representatives that lack this metal, whereas selenocysteine in proteins is dynamically exchanged with cysteine. Several other elements, such as molybdenum and nickel, have a limited number of user protein families, but they are strictly dependent on these metals. Comparative genomics of trace elements provides a foundation for investigating the fundamental properties, functions, and evolutionary dynamics of trace element dependence in biology.
Space-time iterative and multistage receiver structures for CDMA mobile communication systems (2001)

We propose novel space-time multistage and iterative receiver structures and examine their application in code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile communication systems. In particular we derive an expression for weighting coefficients in parallel interference cancellers (PICs) in a system with a large number of users, where decision statistics bias is pronounced. We further examine the parameters in this expression and show how to obtain a practical partial cancellation method that allows on-line estimation of the weighting coefficients. In the proposed multistage PIC, the coefficients are calculated by using only the variances of the detector outputs. We also examine an iterative PIC and observe that this receiver has similar limitations as the multistage PIC. The application of the novel parallel interference cancellation strategy in the iterative receiver structure results in a spectacular system capacity improvement with a negligible complexity increase relative to the standard iterative receiver. The performance of the proposed receivers is further enhanced by receiver adaptive array antennas and space-time processing.