gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MICROFLUIDIC CO-CULTURE PLATFORM FOR CNS AXON MYELINATION (2008)

A microfluidic compartmentalized co-culture platform for central nervous system (CNS) axon myelination research has been developed. The platform is composed of two compartments connected via arrays of shallow microfluidic channels that function as fluidic and physical isolation barrier between the two compartments. Neurons from E 16-18 rats and oligodendrocytes (OLs) from P1-2 rats were cocultured inside the device and showed successful development into mature cells as well as isolation of neuronal cell bodies from axonal layer formed in the axon/glia compartment.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Derivatives of Curcumin and Their Activity Against Leishmania amazonensis. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Customer expectations of remote maintenance services in the medical equipment industry (2014)

Purpose – Original equipment manufacturers offer maintenance services such as remote diagnostics to extend their portfolio. The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate requirements and expectations regarding remote services (RSs) for maintaining complex high-tech equipment from a users’ point of view. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative interview study based on 30 interviews and observations at 11 organizations in the healthcare industry was conducted in order to get a holistic understanding of requirements and expectations of the new service technology. Findings – This study shows that the focus on providing high-technology services is not sufficient to increase customer's usage, soft factors such as personal interaction, integration, and individualization are main expectations for customers in the medical equipment industry. The expectations are concentrated in seven propositions. Research limitations/implications – The interviews were conducted only in the healthcare industry. Even though is it possible to generalize the findings and transfer them to other sectors, a large-scale empirical survey should be conducted in different industries to verify the qualitative results. Practical implications – A framework for manager and service provider is set up that can help to improve the service offerings according to specific customer expectations. Originality/value – The paper provides an original perspective on a new service technology that facilitates remote maintenance of complex high-tech equipment. Through in-depth interviews, the author generates valuable insights that help to advance RS technologies.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF THE STRESS RESPONSE: CONTRIBUTION OF THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM TO THE NEUROIMMUNE AXIS IN TRAUMATIC INJURY (2005)

Acute injury produces an immediate activation of neuroendocrine mechanisms aimed at restoring hemodynamic and metabolic counter-regulatory responses. These counter-regulatory responses are mediated by the systemic and tissue-localized release of neuroendocrine-signaling molecules known to affect immune function. This has led to the recognition of the importance of neuroendocrine-immune modulation during acute injury as well as throughout the recovery period. The period immediately after acute injury is characterized by upregulation of proinflammatory cytokine expression leading to a later period of generalized immunosuppression. The course and progression of the host recovery from traumatic injury and the integrity of its response to a secondary challenge is directly related to the effective control of the immediate proinflammatory responses to the initial insult. Among the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in restoring homeostasis, the sympathetic nervous system plays a central role in mediating acute counter-regulatory stress responses to injury. In addition to its recognized cardiovascular, hemodynamic, and metabolic effects, the neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system have been shown to affect immune function through specific adrenergic receptor-mediated pathways. In turn, cells of the immune system and their products have been shown to influence peripheral and central neurotransmission, leading to the conceptualization of a bidirectional neuroimmune communication system. The reflex activation of this bidirectional neuroimmune pathway in response to injury, integrated with the parasympathetic nervous system, and opioid and glucocorticoid pathways responsible for orchestrating the counterregulatory stress response, results in dynamic regulation of host defense mechanisms vital for immune competence and tissue repair. This review provides the biological framework for the integration of our understanding of the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in mediating the stress response and their role in modulating immune function during and after traumatic injury.
Resveratrol potentiates rapamycin to prevent hyperinsulinemia and obesity in male mice on high fat diet (2013)

High doses of rapamycin, an antiaging agent, can prevent obesity in mice on high fat diet (HFD). Obesity is usually associated with hyperinsulinemia. Here, we showed that rapamycin given orally, at doses that did not affect weight gain in male mice on HFD, tended to decrease fasting insulin levels. Addition of resveratrol, which alone did not affect insulin levels, potentiated the effect of rapamycin, so that the combination decreased obesity and prevented hyperinsulinemia. Neither rapamycin nor resveratrol, and their combination affected fasting levels of glucose (despite lowering insulin levels), implying that the combination might prevent insulin resistance. We and others previously reported that resveratrol at high doses inhibited the mTOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway in cell culture. Yet, as we confirmed here, this effect was observed only at super-pharmacological concentrations. At pharmacological concentrations, resveratrol did not exert 'rapamycin-like effects' on cellular senescence and did not inhibit the mTOR pathway in vitro, indicating nonoverlapping therapeutic mechanisms of actions of rapamycin and resveratrol in vivo. Although, like rapamycin, resveratrol decreased insulin-induced HIF-1-dependent transcription in cell culture, resveratrol did not inhibit mTOR at the same concentrations. Given distinct mechanisms of action of rapamycin and resveratrol at clinically relevant doses, their combination warrants further investigation as a potential antiaging, antiobesity and antidiabetic modality.
Visualization of autophagy in Arabidopsis using the fluorescent dye monodansylcadaverine and a GFP‐AtATG8e fusion protein (2005)

Autophagy is a process that is thought to occur in all eukaryotes in which cells recycle cytoplasmic contents when subjected to environmental stress conditions or during certain stages of development. Upon induction of autophagy, double membrane-bound structures called autophagosomes engulf portions of the cytoplasm and transfer them to the vacuole or lysosome for degradation. In this study, we have characterized two potential markers for autophagy in plants, the fluorescent dye monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AtATG8e fusion protein, and propose that they both label autophagosomes in Arabidopsis. Both markers label the same small, apparently membrane-bound structures found in cells under conditions that are known to induce autophagy such as starvation and senescence. They are usually seen in the cytoplasm, but occasionally can be observed within the vacuole, consistent with a function in the transfer of cytoplasmic material into the vacuole for degradation. MDC-staining and the GFP-AtATG8e fusion protein can now be used as very effective tools to complement biochemical and genetic approaches to the study of autophagy in plant systems.
Tubulin polyglutamylase: isozymic variants and regulation during the cell cycle in HeLa cells (1999)

Polyglutamylation is a posttranslational modification of tubulin that is very common in neurons and ciliated or flagellated cells. It was proposed to regulate the binding of microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) and molecular motors as a function of the length of the polyglutamyl side-chain. Though much less common, this modification of tubulin also occurs in proliferating cells like HeLa cells where it is associated with centrioles and with the mitotic spindle. Recently, we partially purified tubulin polyglutamylase from mouse brain and described its enzymatic properties. In this work, we focused on tubulin polyglutamylase activity from HeLa cells. Our results support the existence of a tubulin polyglutamylase family composed of several isozymic variants specific for alpha- or beta-tubulin subunits. In the latter case, the specificity probably also concerns the different beta-tubulin isotypes. Interestingly, we found that tubulin polyglutamylase activity is regulated in a cell cycle dependent manner and peaks in G(2)-phase while the level of glutamylated tubulin peaks in mitosis. Consistent results were obtained by treating the cells with hydroxyurea, nocodazole or taxotere. In particular, in mitotic cells, tubulin polyglutamylase activity was always low while glutamylation level was high. Finally, tubulin polyglutamylase activity and the level of glutamylated tubulin appeared to be inversely related. This paradox suggests a complex regulation of both tubulin polyglutamylase and the reverse deglutamylase activity.
Synthesis of Monodispersed Magnetite Particles From Different Organometallic Precursors (2006)

Magnetite (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) nanoparticles with very narrow particle size distribution can be obtained by decomposition of an organometallic compound in the presence of oleic acid. It has been shown that the carboxylic acid catalyzes the reaction leading to decreased decomposition temperatures and, consequently, as the surfactant concentration increases, smaller particles are formed. Precursors such as Fe(CO) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , iron acetylacetonate, and iron-oleate complexes, previously formed from an iron salt, have been used for the preparation of magnetite particles. Although the particles are magnetite in all cases, the size, shape, and distribution of nanoparticles differ depending on the precursor and consequently the samples show different magnetic behavior. Besides, a different mechanism of formation of the nanoparticles is expected and related to the decomposition rate of the precursor
The effects of lithium and potassium on macromolecular synthesis in herpes simplex virus-infected cells (1993)

All herpes simplex virus (HSV) infected cell-specific polypeptides (ICSPs) were synthesized in the presence of lithium at a concentration (60 mM) inhibitory to the production of infectious virus. Yields of certain ICSPs were increased and others, in particular glycoprotein C, decreased. HSV DNA synthesis was completely inhibited; synthesis and in vitro activities of HSV DNA polymerase and thymidine kinase were decreased but to a degree insufficient to account for the complete inhibition of HSV DNA synthesis. HSV DNA synthesis was inhibited to an equivalent degree by either incubation with 60 mM-lithium or by potassium starvation; both procedures decreased intracellular potassium by an equivalent amount as adjudged by X-ray microanalysis. We conclude that lithium inhibits HSV DNA synthesis by displacement of potassium from a potassium-dependent biochemical reaction or by other physiological changes brought about by the loss of cellular potassium. The possibility that lithium also directly inhibits a virus replicative event cannot be excluded.
A new approach to the cytochemical localization of enzymes (1954)

Abstract For a full understanding of cellular processes, most of which probably take place under the direct influence of enzymes, it is necessary not only to determine the nature of the reactions taking place, but also the location of such processes in the cell. An approach much favoured at present for this purpose is the study by biochemical methods of various cell components separated from tissue homogenates by differential centrifugation. It would appear, however, that by such methods only the integrated enzymic activity of large numbers of morphologically similar cell components may be determined. Thus the mitochondrial fraction of a tissue homogenate may be shown to possess many different types of enzymic activity, but it is not yet possible to show whether these activities are possessed by all mitochondria of the same sedimentation rate, or whether they are distributed between several different types. Similarly, it is not possible to determine whether mitochondria in different parts of a cell perform different functions. Factors such as these represent some of the fundamental methodological shortcomings of this approach.
Use of chemical thinning sprays on apple trees in New Zealand (1966)

Abstract Various chemical thinning programmes were applied to the apple varieties Statesman, Dunn's Favourite, and Sturmer to test their effect on biennial cropping. Two chemicals were used, sodium dinitro‐ortho‐cresylate (DNOC) and alphanaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). At appropriate concentrations both chemicals improved regularity of cropping when treatment was extended over several seasons. Results have been expressed as changes in a biennial bearing index and these show clearly the effect of individual programmes on the cropping habit. Effective chemical thinning treatments, continued for four to seven years, tended to increase total yield, and to increase individual fruit weights, except in light crop years. Fruit set records indicated that variations in response of Sturmer to regular NAA thinning sprays were not caused by any change in tree susceptibility induced by repeated treatment. No change in tree growth was noted on Sturmer receiving regular chemical thinning programmes.
On the pathogenesis of germinal layer hemorrhage in the neonate. (1993)

The paper describes the sequence of events typical in the pathogenesis of germinal layer hemorrhage (GLH): An initial, often prenatal, severe asphyxic event, leading to abolishment of autoregulation of cerebral perfusion, and, most likely, to hypoxic-ischemic lesions in the endothelium of the large capillaries of the germinal matrix. The hypoxia is accompanied by exhaustion of myocardial energy reserves with circulatory failure, hypotension and aggravation of cerebral ischemia. In the period immediately after birth, circulation failure proceeds with cardiac insufficiency, hypotension, cerebral ischemia, and possibly venous hypertension. Following resuscitation, arterial blood pressure gradually increases (type 3) with increased strain on the damaged germinal matrix capillary walls in the absence of autoregulation. This effect is further aggravated by arterial blood pressure increments of type 1 and 2 leading to GLH, possibly with increments of venous pressure as a contributing factor.
Glutathione S-Transferases: Gene Structure, Regulation, And Biological Function (1989)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Molecular mechanisms of androgen receptor-mediated gene regulation: structure-function analysis of the AF-1 domain. (2004)

The androgen receptor is a ligand-activated transcription factor that binds DNA response elements as a homodimer. Binding sites for the receptor have been identified both upstream and downstream of the transcription start site. Once bound to DNA, the receptor contacts chromatin remodelling complexes, coactivator proteins and components of the general transcription machinery in order to regulate target gene expression. The main transactivation domain, termed AF1, is located within the structurally distinct amino-terminal domain. This region is structurally flexible but adopts a more folded conformation in the presence of the binding partner TFIIF, and this in turn enhances subsequent protein-protein interactions. Thus, there is likely to be a dynamic interplay between protein-protein interactions and protein folding, involving AF1, that is proposed to lead to the assembly and/or disassembly of receptor-dependent transcription complexes.
Constructing an optimal binary phase-only filter using a genetic algorithm (1991)

A genetic algorithm is applied to the task of designing binary phase-only filters in a pattern recognition application. Binary phase-only filters have traditionally been using the classical matched filter as a baseline and then setting the magnitude portion of the filter to unity and binarizing the phase information. The resulting filter has much of its original information content, but is represented with a greatly reduced set of elements. Such filters have been shown to exceed the pattern recognition ability of the classical matched filter on which they are based. However, binary phase-only filters designed using this method are not optimal for discrimination or invariance to pattern changes and several different researchers have investigated various optimization techniques. This paper describes a new technique for designing binary phase-only filters using a genetic algorithm. A population of filters is initially constructed with random phase elements and then modified by the genetic algorithm to produce successively better filters. Each member of the population consists of two chromosomes which contain the genetic information coding for a paid of discrimination filters. During each generation of the algorithm, a new population is produced from the previous population by applying a set of four operators. The four operators include a stochastic remainder selection operator, a two-dimensional crossover operator, a mutation operator, and a survival operator. The fitness function used in the selection and survival operators is based on the ability of the two binary phase-only filters represented by an individual's chromosomes to discriminate between two different classes of characters.
网上“黄毒”不可玩 (2000)

网络世界是一个诱人的世界,同时也是一个危险的世界。在网上电脑病毒以每月300种的速度激增着,同时网上黄毒铺天盖地,网民和网虫们中从未浏览过黄色网页的人越来越少。据统计互联网上的色情及暴力网页己超过二十万个。另据大洋网讯:香港城市大学公共行政及管理高级文凭课程班的五名学生,曾成功地访问了七所大学中的210名学生,以了解色情及暴力网页对大学生的影响,并以此作为他们毕业论文的题目。在接受采访的学生当中,有三分之一的人亲口表示曾经或每周均会浏览色情及暴力网页,绝大部分人每周花费一小时,但有受访者承认每周浏览色情网页的时间超过十一小
Clinical Nutrition & Obesity eSection Editor's Welcome (2005)

It is my pleasure to introduce Medscape General Medicine's newest journal eSection: Clinical Nutrition & Obesity. Born of the keen interest of Medscape General Medicine's (MedGenMed's) readership, this peer-reviewed, academic “mini-journal” will provide timely, evidence-based original research, reviews, clinical cases, and expert commentary to anyone with an Internet connection. It is the most modern mode of “open access.”
Measurement of Particle Mass Concentrations and Size Distributions in an Underground Station (2009)

The Taipei main station is a major transfer station in the Taipei Rapid Transit System and is located at the center of Taipei metropolitan areas. This study investigates particle mass concentrations and size distributions at the concourse in this underground station using an optical particle counter. On-site measurements were taken during January–February 2008. Experimental results show that PM10 and PM2.5 levels in the Taipei main station were 9.83–104.26 μg/m3 and 3.84–59.74 μg/m3, respectively. The lognormal mass size distribution in the Taipei main station had two modes; one near 0.27 μm and the other at about 12.5 μm. Additionally, the mean mass concentrations were governed by particles with coarse PM. Measurement results also suggest that average PM10 and PM2.5 levels in the indoor station were about 0.70 and 0.53 times those outdoors, respectively. The PM levels in the indoor station and outdoors were positively correlated, indicating that PM levels at the concourse in the Taipei main station are significantly influenced by outdoor ambient PM levels. Moreover, the low PM2.5-to-PM10 ratio at the concourse in the Taipei main station was likely the result of coarse PM being re-suspended in the station concourse due to passenger movement.
In-Silico Drug Repurposing for Targeting SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (2020)

<p>COVID-19, caused by novel coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2, is a viral disease which has infected millions worldwide. Considering the urgent need of the drug for fighting against this infectious disease, we performed in-silico drug repurposing. The main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) is one of the best characterized drug targets among coronaviruses, therefore, this was screened for already known drugs, including chemical constituents of Ayurvedic drugs, using docking and MD simulation. The results suggest EGCG, withaferin A and artesunate may act as potential inhibitors of the main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>).</p>
Lipase‐Mediated Deacetylation and Oligomerization of Lactonic Sophorolipids (2003)

The direct enzymatic polymerization of lactonic sophorolipids (SLs) was investigated with four lipases, including porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL), immobilized Mucor miehei lipase (MML), lyophilized Candida antarctica lipase (Fraction B, CAL-B), and lyophilized Pseudomonas sp. lipase (PSL). Several organic solvents, covering a wide range of polarity, were compared for suitability as the reaction medium. Isopropyl ether and toluene were found most effective. According to the quantification and structure identification by HPLC and LC-MS, the reaction proceeded with the formation of monoacetylated lactonic SLs and the subsequent conversion of the intermediates to oligomers and polymers, presumably through ring-opening polymerization. Temperature was found to have significant effects on the reaction. Both the conversion of reactant SLs and the subsequent formation of oligomers and polymers from the intermediates were faster at 60 degrees C than at 50 degrees C. The substrate selectivity among the three dominant reactant SLs also differed with the temperature. The conversion rate increased with the ring size of the lactones at 60 degrees C, but it decreased with the size at 50 degrees C.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Glycyrrhetinic Acid Derivatives Tested with the Cytochrome P450/NADPH System (2004)

Five glycyrrhetinic acid (Ib) derivatives have been synthesized to try to improve the antioxidant activity. Their in vitro antioxidant activities were studied using a cytochrome P450/NADPH reductase system from rat liver microsomes. The generation of microsomal free radicals was followed by oxidation of the DCFH-DA probe, while evaluating the capacity to inhibit reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Two hydroxylated derivatives, 18beta-olean-12-ene-3beta,11alpha,30-triol (II) and 18beta-olean-12-ene-3beta,11beta,30-triol (IV), exhibited strong antioxidant activities. At a concentration of 1.0 mg/ml, these derivatives inhibited ROS formation by 50% and 51%, respectively. Moreover, two homo- and heterocyclic diene derivatives, 18beta-olean-11,13(18)-diene-3beta,30-diol (III) and 18beta-olean-9(11),12-diene-3beta,30-diol (V), were also effective in ROS-scavenging activity (inhibition of 41% and 44% of ROS activity, respectively). In the same conditions, the lead compound (Ib) and the reference vitamin E inhibited ROS activity by 31% and 32%, respectively. Our results suggest that the chemical reduction of the 11-keto and 30-carboxyl groups into hydroxyl function (example, II, IV) can increase the antioxidant activity of Ib significantly. In view of these results, our study represents a further approach to the development of potential therapeutic agents from Ib derivatives for use in pathologic events in which, free radical damage could be involved.