gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostate-specific antigen. Current role in diagnostic pathology of prostate cancer. (1994)

Prostate-specific antigen is the most important, accurate, and clinically useful biochemical marker in the prostate. It is manufactured by the secretory epithelial cells and drains into the ductal system, where it catalyzes the liquefaction of the seminal coagulum after ejaculation. Serum levels are normally less than 4 ng/mL (monoclonal) but vary according to patient age and race; any process that disrupts the normal architecture of the prostate allows diffusion of prostate-specific antigen into the stroma and microvasculature. Elevated serum prostate-specific antigen levels are seen with prostatitis, infarcts, hyperplasia, and transiently after biopsy, but the most clinically important increases are seen with prostatic adenocarcinoma. Cancer produces less prostate-specific antigen per cell than benign epithelium, but the greater number of malignant cells and the stromal disruption associated with cancer account for the increased serum prostate-specific antigen level. Serum prostate-specific antigen level correlates positively with clinical stage, tumor volume, histologic grade, and the presence of capsular perforation and seminal vesicle invasion; despite these strong correlations, its value is limited in predicting stage for individual patients. It may also predict the presence of lymph node metastases, bone metastases, and survival after androgen-deprivation therapy. The use of prostate-specific antigen has resulted in an increase in the early detection rate of cancer, and it is now advocated for annual routine use in men older than 40 years who are at increased risk and in all men older than 50 years. It is a test with high sensitivity and specificity that is rapid, inexpensive, minimally invasive, and acceptable to patients. In addition to serum prostate-specific antigen level, five derivatives of serum prostate-specific antigen were recently described that may increase the predictive value by accounting for confounding variables such as patient age, prostate volume, and cancer volume: age-specific reference ranges, prostate-specific antigen density, prostate-specific antigen velocity, prostate-specific antigen cancer density, and prostate-specific antigen doubling times. Serum prostate-specific antigen detects a heterogeneous group of cancers (clinical stage T1c) that are clinically important and potentially curable. Immunohistochemical expression of prostate-specific antigen in tissue sections allows determination of the prostatic origin of some metastatic adenocarcinomas, although extraprostatic expression of prostate-specific antigen has been reported in several tissues and tumors, including periurethral gland adenocarcinoma in women, rectal carcinoid, and extramammary Paget disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Congenital Preauricular Communicating Fistulas: Diagnosis, Complications and Treatment (1958)

Two operated cases are reported. The hereditary nature of this rare anomaly was obvious in one of the patients. An explanation is given for the occurrence of a postoperative facial paresis in one of the cases. A complete removal of the fistulas in combination with a conservative radical operation, viz. tympano-plastic for the concomitant chronic otitis, seems imperative for a successful therapeutic result. To obtain information of the entire course of such fistulas, it is considered necessary to perform a fistulography prior to operation. Postoperative complications may thereby be avoided. Ordinary roentgenological examination combined with tomography may prove valuable in detecting various anomalies of the temporal bone.
Synthetic individual binaural audio delivery by pinna image processing (2014)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a system for customized binaural audio delivery based on the extraction of relevant features from a 2-D representation of the listener’s pinna. Design/methodology/approach – The most significant pinna contours are extracted by means of multi-flash imaging, and they provide values for the parameters of a structural head-related transfer function (HRTF) model. The HRTF model spatializes a given sound file according to the listener’s head orientation, tracked by sensor-equipped headphones, with respect to the virtual sound source. Findings – A preliminary localization test shows that the model is able to statically render the elevation of a virtual sound source better than non-individual HRTFs. Research limitations/implications – Results encourage a deeper analysis of the psychoacoustic impact that the individualized HRTF model has on perceived elevation of virtual sound sources. Practical implications – The model has low complexity and is suitable for implementation on mobile devices. The resulting hardware/software package will hopefully allow an easy and low-tech fruition of custom spatial audio to any user. Originality/value – The authors show that custom binaural audio can be successfully deployed without the need of cumbersome subjective measurements.
A superconducting-dielectric resonator at W-band (2003)

The electromagnetic properties of a superconducting dielectric resonator (SDR) at W-band are described. The resonator consists of a cylindrical dielectric tube with two end plates of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (with T/sub c/>or approximately=80 K) mounted inside of a Cu cavity. The resonator has a Q-factor in excess of 10/sup 5/ to 10/sup 6/ at cryogenic temperatures when constructed using a sapphire tube. The SDR is physically small, compact, rigid, lightweight, and easy to manufacture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular characterization of corn glutathione S‐transferase isozymes involved in herbicide detoxication (1989)

Corn ( Zea mays L.) glutathione S‐transferases (EC 2.5.1.18) have attracted interest, in part, due to their involvement in the metabolism of several herbicides, including atrazine and alachlor. Three corn, glutathione S‐transferases have been purified, and cDNA clones have been isolated and sequenced for two of these, GST I and GST III. In addition to showing some amino acid sequence similarity to each other, the two sequenced corn glutathione S‐transferases also show some similarity to rat and human enzymes. The corn glutathione S‐transferases responsible for atrazine tolerance have not yet been purified or cloned, but purification attempts indicate that corn has two glutathione S‐transferases with activity towards atrazine. While many glutathione S‐transferases from various organisms have been detected by using 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene as a substrate, the atrazine‐specific glutathione S‐transferases have very little or no activity with 1‐chloro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene. This shows the importance of assaying with a variety of substrates when characterizing glutathione S‐transferases.
Detection of Trace Quantities of Organophosphorus Compounds in Air by Frustrated Multiple Internal Reflectance Spectroscopy (1968)

Submicrogram quantities of organic phosphorous compounds in air were monitored by frustrated multiple internal reflectance (FMIR) spectroscopy. Vapor detection at these concentrations required the use of adsorptive films on the germanium FMIR cells. Of the various materials tried, platinum films gave the highest sensitivity. The effects of film thickness, temperature and organophosphorus compound concentrations were investigated. Adsorption was found to be reversible, permitting repeated use of detector probes. At optimum thickness and temperature 0.1 μg of dimethylmethylphosphonate per liter of air is detectable in 30 sec.
Incremental algorithm-a new fast backprojection scheme for parallel beam geometries (1990)

A fast backprojection scheme for parallel beam geometries is proposed. Known as the incremental algorithm, it performs backprojection on a ray-by-ray (beam-by-beam) basis rather than the pixel-by-pixel backprojection in the conventional algorithm. By restructuring a conventional backprojection algorithm, the interdependency of pixel computations (position and value) is transformed to a set of incremental relations for a beam, where a beam is a set of pixels enclosed by two adjacent rays in 2-D computed tomography (CT), and a set of voxels enclosed by four adjacent rays in 3-D CT. To minimize the overhead of searching for the next pixels, a searching flow technique has been developed to implement the first-order and second-order incremental relations for 2-D and 3-D CTs, respectively. The values of all the pixels in each beam (except the first pixel) are computed with additions only, the key idea of the proposed backprojection scheme. The incremental algorithm has been implemented on two different machines and compared to B.F. Shepp and L.A. Logan's (1974) algorithm. The present implementation results show the superiority of this approach over the conventional algorithm.
Parameterized human body modeling (2003)

Cette thèse présente les techniques de paramétrisation pour modéliser la forme morphologique de corps. L'objectif premier de ce travail est de produire une génération de modèles complets d'humanoïdes, économique en temps de travail, réaliste et contrôlable. En même temps, nous recherchons une manière systématique d'obtenir la diversité et l'individualité de l'aspect physique des corps qui sont propres aux vraies personnes. Pour cela nous utilisons des maillages scannés de personnes réelles. Cette thèse combine la puissance de diverses techniques au sein de ce modeleur robuste : des formes de qualités et réalistes obtenues par des techniques de capture, les méthodes statistiques qui capturent les différences et les points communs des modèles 3D, la technique d'apprentissage automatique par l'exemple, et la capacité de contrôler la posture et la forme d'un modèle de corps entier en utilisant des paramètres de haut niveau.
Porous high density polyethylene (PHDPE) - autogenous tissue tracheal prosthesis. (1982)

This study has demonstrated the feasibility of using PHDPE/autogenous tissue tracheal prostheses to repair defects in the cervical trachea. The PHDPE rings have proven to be an efficacious method of providing a noncollapsing, yet flexible airway. The problems encountered were of a technical nature relating to blood supply in types I and II prostheses and airway leakage and dislodgment in type III prostheses. Future efforts will be directed toward solving these problems.
Mycophenolic Acid가 PDGF에 의해 증식 유도된 흰쥐 혈관평활근 세포에서 NAD(P)H Oxidase, 세포내 활성산소족 및 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases에 미치는 영향 (2004)

Background:Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation plays an important role in the development and progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy as in atherosclerosis. We already reported that mycophenolic acid (MPA) inhibited VSMC proliferation, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) in human VSMCs. In this study, we examined further molecular mechanisms involved in the anti-proliferative effect of MPA in rat VSMCs. Methods:Primary rat VSMCs were stimulated with PDGF-BB 10 ng/mL in the presence or absence of MPA and various kinds of cell signaling inhibitors. Cell proliferation was assessed by - thymidine incorporation, NAD(P)H oxidase subunits mRNA expression by RT-PCR, dichlorofluorescein- sensitive cellular ROS by FACS, and the activation of PDGF receptor- (Tyr 751), rac1, and MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results:PDGF increased cell proliferation and cellular ROS, activation of PDGF receptor- (Tyr 751), rac1, expression of p22phox and MOX1 mRNA, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK, compared to control. MPA inhibited up-regulation of rac1 phosphorylation, p22phox and MOX1 mRNA expression, cellular ROS, and phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK. However, MPA did not affect PDGF receptor- (Tyr 751) activation. Wortmannin, diphenyleniodonium (DPI), trolox, and NAC, each inhibited PDGF- induced ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation. PD98059 and p38 MAPK inhibitor also inhibited PDGF-induced cell proliferation. Conclusion:These results suggest that MPA inhibits PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation through inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent cellular ROS leading to ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK activation.
Organization of connective tissue patterns by dermal fibroblasts in the regenerating axolotl limb (1989)

A set of tendons, aponeurotic sheets and retinaculae, which transduce muscle action from proximal limb levels to flexion and extension of the digits, is found in limbs of many vertebrates. This set of structures, here termed the digit tendon complex, is described for the axolotl forelimb. We show that the complex forms autonomously in muscleless axolotl limb regenerates produced from a cuff of unirradiated dermis surrounding an irradiated limb stump, and persists for up to a year after amputation. The pattern of other connective tissue structures, including the skeleton, is also normal. Fibroblast condensations that may represent sets of these cells normally associated with muscles in the extensor and flexor compartments of the carpal region also form in muscleless limbs. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of the dermis in pattern regulation, selforganization of connective tissues in general and autonomous development of the digit tendon complex in particular.
Characterization of VLA‐4‐dependent myeloma cell adhesion to fibronectin and VCAM‐1 (1999)

The integrin VLA-4 mediates attachment of myeloma cells to multiple myeloma (MM) bone marrow stroma. The alternatively-spliced CS-1 region of fibronectin (FN) and VCAM-1 are main ligands for VLA-4 and are both expressed on MM stroma. The H1 region is present in all FN isoforms and represents an additional binding site for VLA-4. We employed FN fragments FN-H89 and FN-H0, that contain either the CS-1 and H1, or only the H1 sites, respectively, as well as soluble VCAM-1 (sVCAM-1), to characterize VLA-4-mediated adhesion pathways used by myeloma cells to attach to MM stroma. CD38highCD45RA- cells from MM bone marrow, and the myeloma-derived cell lines NCI-H929, IM-9 and RPMI 8226, specifically adhered, by different degrees, to FN-H89, FN-H0 and sVCAM-1, and their VLA-4-dependent adhesion was substantially up-regulated by the anti-beta1 antibody TS2/16, which increases the affinity of VLA-beta1 integrins. Furthermore, VLA-4 function on NCI-H929 cells was enhanced by TS2/16 during adhesion to MM stroma. The alpha4beta7 integrin mediated a small portion of myeloma cell line adhesion to FN-H89, mainly upon integrin activation with Mn2+. These results indicate that myeloma cells use VLA-4 to interact with CS-1/FN, H1/FN and VCAM-1 on MM stroma, and that its function can be potentially up-regulated, enabling higher degrees of cell adhesion to these VLA-4 ligands, which might influence myeloma cell localization in the bone marrow.
The Biology and Clinical Uses of Blood Stem Cells (1997)

It seems more than ever likely that blood-derived stem tive capacity. [47][ 8][49] In the allogeneic setting, mobilized blood cells have also been used instead of BM. 50 Umbilical cord cells will replace marrow for many indications . . . ''
Versatile nonlinear-optical materials based on mesomorphic metal alkanoates: design, properties, and applications (2015)

Metal alkanoates combine simple chemical structures and a versatility of condensed states of matter they exhibit. Solid crystals, plastic crystals, lyotropic and thermotropic ionic liquid crystals, liquids, mesomorphic glasses, and Langmuir–Blodgett films are just a few examples. Liquid crystal phases of metal alkanoates are the most intriguing because they represent a non-conventional class of materials known as ionic metallomesogens. Structural, thermal, and transport properties of mesomorphic metal alkanoates are well documented and reviewed. On the contrary, the optical and nonlinear-optical properties of these materials are very poorly understood. The situation has changed rapidly during the last decade. Advances in the design of mesomorphic glasses stable at room temperatures have launched a new era of research in the field of photonic and optoelectronic materials based on mesomorphic metal alkanoates. This manuscript reviews recent developments in the field of optical and nonlinear-optical materials based on mesomorphic metal alkanoates.
VoIP Quality Assessment: Taking Account of the Edge-Device (2006)

Voice-over-IP networks (VoIP) have yet to be universally accepted as a replacement for public switched telephone network services. One of the barriers to this step is the ability to manage the network to ensure the user receives a suitable quality of service during a call. IP networks are nondeterministic, and the impact of network degradations, such as loss and jitter, on the quality perceived by the user is difficult to measure. This paper investigates the role played by the edge-device in the impact of network degradations on user-perceived quality. It shows that all edge-devices are not equal, and proposes calibration as a method of accounting for different devices when monitoring VoIP streams. Finally, it presents results that show the prediction accuracy that can be obtained by using such a method
Statistical Error Propagation (2001)

The simple but often neglected equation for the propagation of statistical errors in functions of correlated variables is tested on a number of linear and nonlinear functions of parameters from linear and nonlinear least-squares (LS) fits, through Monte Carlo calculations on 104−4 × 105 equivalent data sets. The test examples include polynomial and exponential representations and a band analysis model. For linear functions of linear LS parameters, the error propagation equation is exact. Nonlinear parameters and functions yield nonnormal distributions, but their dispersion is still well predicted by the propagation-of-error equation. Often the error computation can be bypassed by a redefinition of the least-squares model to include the quantity of interest as an adjustable parameter, in which case its variance is returned directly in the variance-covariance matrix. This approach is shown formally to be equivalent to the error propagation method.
Crowdsourcing the Public Participation Process for Planning Projects (2009)

Public involvement is a central concern for urban planners, but the challenge for planners is how best to implement such programs, given many difficulties inherent in the typical public involvement process. The medium of the Web enables us to harness collective intellect among a population in ways face-to-face planning meetings cannot. This article argues that the crowdsourcing model, a successful, Web-based, distributed problem solving and production model for business, is an appropriate model for enabling the citizen participation process in public planning projects. This article begins with an exploration of the challenges of public participation in urban planning projects, particularly in the harnessing of creative solutions. An explanation of the theories of collective intelligence and crowd wisdom follows, arguing for the medium of the Web as an appropriate technology for harnessing far-flung genius. An exploration of crowdsourcing in a hypothetical neighborhood planning example, along with a consideration of the challenges of implementing crowdsourcing, concludes the article.
High rate of gastrointestinal symptoms in celiac patients living on a gluten-free diet: controlled study (2003)

Adult CD patients on a gluten-free diet for several years experienced significantly more GI symptoms than the general population sample. This may have some of its origin in the composition of a gluten-free diet. The symptoms were more pronounced in the women. This may raise questions of an association with their subjective health status, which has been shown to be lower than in men with CD.
Tunnel diode microwave oscillators employing a novel power combining circuit topology (2010)

Negative differential resistance (NDR) devices such as Esaki tunnel diodes (TD), Gunn diodes or resonant tunnelling diodes (RTD) are excellent for the realization of high frequency oscillators. However, for tunnel diodes and RTDs which have large negative differential conductance the output power tends to be low due to the DC instability, parasitic oscillations or the small area devices employed. In this paper, a new power combining circuit topology, incorporating a new design methodology for the DC bias decoupling circuit, has been developed. The oscillator topology uses parallel resonance but with each tunnel diode individually biased and DC decoupled making it possible to employ several tunnel diodes for higher output power. Parasitic bias oscillations are eliminated. Simulation and experimental oscillator results are in good agreement, with a two-tunnel diodes 450 MHz oscillator exhibiting approximately double the output power (−6.5 dBm) as compared to that of a single 600 MHz tunnel diode oscillator (−9.42 dBm), i.e. 3 dB higher.
Singlet Oxygen and Free Radical Reactions of Retinoids and Carotenoids—A Review (2018)

We report on studies of reactions of singlet oxygen with carotenoids and retinoids and a range of free radical studies on carotenoids and retinoids with emphasis on recent work, dietary carotenoids and the role of oxygen in biological processes. Many previous reviews are cited and updated together with new data not previously reviewed. The review does not deal with computational studies but the emphasis is on laboratory-based results. We contrast the ease of study of both singlet oxygen and polyene radical cations compared to neutral radicals. Of particular interest is the switch from anti- to pro-oxidant behavior of a carotenoid with change of oxygen concentration: results for lycopene in a cellular model system show total protection of the human cells studied at zero oxygen concentration, but zero protection at 100% oxygen concentration.
Petroleum System Analysis Using Geochemical Studies, Isotope and 1D Basin Modeling in Hendijan Oil Field, SW Iran (2011)

Abstract Hendijan oil field is located in north of Persian Gulf and is producing oil from 3 different reservoirs. Geochemical studies of candidate source rocks have revealed that four interval of source rocks exist in this region that could generate hydrocarbons. These formations include: Pabdeh (Tertiary), Kazhdumi (Albian), Garau (L. Certaceous) and Sargelu (M. Jurrasic). Oil-Source rock correlations are based chemical properties, biomarkers, C13 Isotope and other geochemical indices. Geochemical analyses done in Hendijan oil field have shown that Kazhdumi and Garau formations are the most important source rocks in the region. Pabdeh formation is excluded from possible source rocks due to its low maturity. No geochemical analyses have done on Sargelu formation. Different geochemical analyses including GC, GC-MS and Isotope (Carbon and Sulfur) have done on 3 oil samples from Asmari (Tertiary), Sarvak (M. Cretaceous) and Nahr Umr (E. Cretaceous) reservoirs. In addition, burial and thermal history modeling was performed to determine timing of hydrocarbon generation in the candidate source rocks in studied field. Geology and sequence Stratigraphy analysis of borehole data including drill-cuttings provided fundamental constrains for burial history reconstruction. One-dimensional model of thermal evolution were derived from the burial history and calibrated with Vitrinite reflectance, thermal conductivity, surface and bottom-hole temperature measurements, as well as with paleoclimate data. Regarding geochemical analysis on several oil samples, all the reservoirs have been charged by one source rock. Biomarkers and isotope data indicate that Kazhdumi Formation correlates best with oil samples. In addition to geochemical analysis, 1D petroleum system modeling shows that Kazhdumi and Garau source rocks reached oil generation window in 3 and 4 MY ago respectively and both of them are still in oil generation window. But lack of Oleanane biomarker in analyzed oil samples and low TOC content of Pabdeh formation confirms no charge of reservoirs by tertiary candidate source rock (Pabdeh).