gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Teratogenic effects of retinoic acid in pigtail monkeys <i>(Macaca nemestrina)</i> II. Craniofacial features (1980)

The teratogenic effects of retinoic acid, the alcohol-soluble acid form of vitamin A, on the craniofacial complex of 11 macaque (Macaca nemestrina) whose mothers had received the compound from days 20 to 44 are described. The fetuses ranged in gestational age from 81 to 185 days and exhibited features of the so-called retinoic acid syndrome (RAS). The syndrome includes both craniofacial defects and postcranial anomalies of the musculoskeletal and urogenital systems. The craniofacial anomalies were described with reference to gross external appearance and radiographic observations. The most frequent findings were cleft palate, malformed ears, hypertelorism, exophthalmos, hypoplasia of the bone of the mid-face and mandible, a curvature of the inferior border of the mandible, retrognathia, and distortion of the cranium. Lateral cephalograms on nine animals of the RAS sample were measured using six linear dimensions which define the cranial base, face height, palatal length, and mandibular length. The measurements were plotted relative to normal curves which describe growth of the dimensions through the macaque fetal period. For their age, the abnormal animals were small in the craniofacial region. The same measurements were then plotted relative to the size of the fetus, to investigate the possibility of a differential response of the various craniofacial areas to the teratogen. Mandibular length and anterior cranial base were the most reduced dimensions, followed by anterior and posterior face height, with palatal length the least affected. Comparison of the features of the RAS syndrome in the macaque fetus with those reported for various human mandibulofacial dysostosis syndromes yields similarities, but there are enough differences to indicate that the syndromes are not identical in the two species. The utility of the approach used, wherein several craniofacial dimensions of the abnormal are assessed relative to normal growth curves and relative to body size, is emphasized.
Hox-1.11 and Hox-4.9 homeobox genes. (1992)

Mouse Hox-1.11 and Hox-4.9 genes were cloned, and the nucleotide sequences of the homeobox regions were determined. In addition, nucleotide sequence analysis of the homeobox regions of cloned Hox-4.3 and Hox-4.2 genomic DNA revealed some differences in nucleotide sequences and in the deduced homeodomain amino acid sequences compared with the sequences that have been reported.
Differential Effects of Tissue Culture Coating Substrates on Prostate Cancer Cell Adherence, Morphology and Behavior (2014)

Weak cell-surface adhesion of cell lines to tissue culture surfaces is a common problem and presents technical limitations to the design of experiments. To overcome this problem, various surface coating protocols have been developed. However, a comparative and precise real-time measurement of their impact on cell behavior has not been conducted. The prostate cancer cell line LNCaP, derived from a patient lymph node metastasis, is a commonly used model system in prostate cancer research. However, the cells' characteristically weak attachment to the surface of tissue culture vessels and cover slips has impeded their manipulation and analysis and use in high throughput screening. To improve the adherence of LNCaP cells to the culture surface, we compared different coating reagents (poly-L-lysine, poly-L-ornithine, collagen type IV, fibronectin, and laminin) and culturing conditions and analyzed their impact on cell proliferation, adhesion, morphology, mobility and gene expression using real-time technologies. The results showed that fibronectin, poly-L-lysine and poly-L-ornithine improved LNCaP cells adherence and provoked cell morphology alterations, such as increase of nuclear and cellular area. These coating reagents also induced a higher expression of F-actin and reduced cell mobility. In contrast, laminin and collagen type IV did not improve adherence but promoted cell aggregation and affected cell morphology. Cells cultured in the presence of laminin displayed higher mobility than control cells. All the coating conditions significantly affected cell viability; however, they did not affect the expression of androgen receptor-regulated genes. Our comparative findings provide important insight for the selection of the ideal coating reagent and culture conditions for the cancer cell lines with respect to their effect on proliferation rate, attachment, morphology, migration, transcriptional response and cellular cytoskeleton arrangement.
Hirudin and hirudin analogues as new anticoagulant agents (1995)

Recombinant hirudin and hirudin analogues constitute interesting new antithrombotic agents that have distinct advantages over heparin. These agents specifically inhibit thrombin and all of its actions and also suppress further thrombin generation. As opposed to unfractionated heparin, hirudin and hirulog effectively suppress clot-bound thrombin, making these agents of particular interest in the treatment of arterial thrombosis, for example, following thrombolysis or percutaneous transthoracic angioplasty. The recent data derived from clinical trials supporting the use of hirudin and hirulog in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases are reviewed here.
YALSA Organizational Planning Update: The Latest on YALSA's Organizational Plan Process and How You Can Get Involved (2016)

It's an exciting time for YALSA! In December, the YALSA Board held its monthly informal call, and was joined by Eric Meade from the Whole Mind Strategy Group. Whole Mind is helping YALSA create a three-year organizational plan that includes an intended impact statement, theory of change, outcomes, an implementation strategy, and a learning plan. YALSA's Board of Directors, staff, and some YALSA members worked with Eric in Portland on Nov. 8-9, after the YA Services Symposium. December's conference call was the first time that the entire YALSA Board talked with Eric and it was energizing! The goal of the call was to set the organizational planning agenda for Midwinter, and we succeeded! In Boston, the Board met all Friday afternoon and Saturday with Eric Meade and Les Wallace. Les is the president of Signature Resources, Inc., and has worked with over 300 boards to implement positive change. The Board looked at the draft planning matrix that Eric created from Executive Committee, YALSA staff, and YALSA member activities in Portland and delved into some heavy discussions. A good deal of time at these meetings was spent on information gathering--what staff time and resources are currently being spent on what YALSA activities? What is working well and what isn't? How can we move YALSA members to be more future-focused in their library, especially when they aren't in a leadership position or are the one-hit wonders in their small library? It was an exhausting but invigorating Friday and Saturday--Board members definitely had their thinking caps on as they worked to incorporate the needs of teens and YALSA members. With the help of large sticky notes, small groups, and lots of brainstorming, the Board identified the following priorities as opportunities to advance the ideas expressed in the Future of Library Services for and with Teens: A Call to Action report: * promotion of cultural competency in the field of teen library services * advocacy to policy makers at all levels to increase support for teen library services * partner and funder development to increase YALSA's capacity to provide services and resources to its members * continuing education offerings to bring about transformation of teen library services * leadership development for library staff working for and with teens * expansion of relationships and membership at the state level to increase support of library staff throughout the U. …
A Measure of Agreement Between Clinicians and a Computer‐Based Decision Support System for Planning Dental Treatment (2002)

This study was conducted to estimate agreement and explain differences between treatment decisions and associated fees recommended by dentists and by a computer-based decision-support program (TxDENT 2.0). The treatment fees associated with forty-eight clinical records of patients attending a dental school clinic provided a measure of correlation and agreement between treatments recommended by TxDENT and by clinical instructors with students. The average difference between the two methods of forecasting fees was $466, and a regression line (y=0.43x+407) with an r-value of 0.54 indicated the strength of the relationship. The differences between methods increased as the cost of treatment increased, due largely to disagreements about the need to restore or replace weak or missing teeth. There is reasonable agreement between TxDENT and the collaborative treatment plans of clinical instructors with their students, which suggests that this computer-based decision-support system for screening patients in a standardized way could be a helpful predictor of treatment provided in a dental school clinic.
Detection and Quantification of Methyl <i>tert</i> -Butyl Ether-Degrading Strain PM1 by Real-Time TaqMan PCR (2001)

The fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), a widely distributed groundwater contaminant, shows potential for treatment by in situ bioremediation. The bacterial strain PM1 rapidly mineralizes and grows on MTBE in laboratory cultures and can degrade the contaminant when inoculated into groundwater or soil microcosms. We applied the TaqMan quantitative PCR method to detect and quantify strain PM1 in laboratory and field samples. Specific primers and probes were designed for the 16S ribosomal DNA region, and specificity of the primers was confirmed with DNA from 15 related bacterial strains. A linear relationship was measured between the threshold fluorescence (C(T)) value and the quantity of PM1 DNA or PM1 cell density. The detection limit for PM1 TaqMan assay was 2 PM1 cells/ml in pure culture or 180 PM1 cells/ml in a mixture of PM1 with Escherichia coli cells. We could measure PM1 densities in solution culture, groundwater, and sediment samples spiked with PM1 as well as in groundwater collected from an MTBE bioaugmentation field study. In a microcosm biodegradation study, increases in the population density of PM1 corresponded to the rate of removal of MTBE.
Exposure Marker Discovery of Phthalates Using Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Phthalates are chemicals widely used in industry and the consequences on human health caused by exposure to these agents are of significant interest currently. The urinary metabolites of phthalates can be measured and used as exposure markers for the assessment of the actual internal contamination of phthalates coming from different sources and absorbed by various ways. The purpose of this paper is to review the markers for exposure and risk assessment of phthalates such as di-methyl phthalate (DMP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzylbutyl phthalate (BBP), di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), di-(2-propylheptyl)phthalate (DPHP), di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DINP), di-<i>n</i>-octyl phthalate (D<i>n</i>OP) and di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP), and introduction of the analytical approach of three metabolomics data processing approaches that can be used for chemical exposure marker discovery in urine with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data.
LXXXIV.—Anhydro-derivatives of citric and aconitic acids (1892)

T. H. Easterfield and W. J. Sell, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1892, 61, 1003 DOI: 10.1039/CT8926101003
[Glycotechnology in China]. (2015)

Glycotechnology is a new branch of biotechnology, emerged early 1990's. In this article, the international background of glycotechnology is briefly introduced and history of glycotechnology in China is reviewed.
Analyzing information transfer in time-varying multivariate data (2011)

Effective analysis and visualization of time-varying multivariate data is crucial for understanding complex and dynamic variable interaction and temporal evolution. Advances made in this area are mainly on query-driven visualization and correlation exploration. Solutions and techniques that investigate the important aspect of causal relationships among variables have not been sought. In this paper, we present a new approach to analyzing and visualizing time-varying multivariate volumetric and particle data sets through the study of information flow using the information-theoretic concept of transfer entropy. We employ time plot and circular graph to show information transfer for an overview of relations among all pairs of variables. To intuitively illustrate the influence relation between a pair of variables in the visualization, we modulate the color saturation and opacity for volumetric data sets and present three different visual representations, namely, ellipse, smoke, and metaball, for particle data sets. We demonstrate this information-theoretic approach and present our findings with three time-varying multivariate data sets produced from scientific simulations.
Mutation analysis of BRCA1 gene in African-American patients with breast cancer. (2000)

An estimated 7% of all breast cancers and 10% of all ovarian cancers are associated with inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The mutations of a breast cancer-susceptible gene, BRCA1, confers increased risk of breast cancer in young women. Numerous studies have reported specific mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes in the white population. However, there are very few studies on African-American and other ethnic minority groups. The goal of this study is to identify whether African-American patients with breast cancer carry some common mutations reported in other ethnic groups and whether they carry some novel mutations. We screened hot-region mutations on exons 2, 5, 11, 16, and 20 of BRCA1 gene in 54 African-American patients with breast cancer by NIRCA and SSCP methods. Our data revealed one novel frameshift mutation (3331 insG) and three missense sequence variants (A3537G, A3667G, and C4009T) on exon 11. Each sequence change was confirmed by automatic DNA sequencing. One rare sequence variant, A3537G, has been revealed in high frequency (3/54). Our data suggested that African-American patients with breast cancer carry some unique BRCA1 gene mutations.
Distributed Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (D2HCP) (2011)

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are multihop wireless networks of mobile nodes without any fixed or preexisting infrastructure. The topology of these networks can change randomly due to the unpredictable mobility of nodes and their propagation characteristics. In most networks, including MANETs, each node needs a unique identifier to communicate. This work presents a distributed protocol for dynamic node IP address assignment in MANETs. Nodes of a MANET synchronize from time to time to maintain a record of IP address assignments in the entire network and detect any IP address leaks. The proposed stateful autoconfiguration scheme uses the OLSR proactive routing protocol for synchronization and guarantees unique IP addresses under a variety of network conditions, including message losses and network partitioning. Simulation results show that the protocol incurs low latency and communication overhead for IP address assignment.
[Experimental study of the antineoplastic effect of the preparations 141 and 142 of the diethylenimide alkoxybenzylpyrimidilaminophosphoric acid group and the possibility of their use in combination with radiotherapy]. (1977)

<p>INTRODUCTION: Three-dimensional (3D) navigation systems are widely used for pulmonary vein antrum isolation (PVAI). To circumvent left atrial (LA) mapping, 3D CT reconstructions of the LA can be superimposed directly (CT overlay) on the fluoroscopy image to guide ablation catheters and to mark ablation sites.</p><p>METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty-eight patients (pts) with symptomatic AF refractory to medical therapy were randomly assigned to CT overlay (group 1, n = 38) or CartoMerge (group 2, n = 30). In group 1 registration of the CT image was performed with contrast injections in 2 orthogonal projections. In group 2, visualization of all pulmonary vein (PV) ostia was done by PV angiography, followed by merging of the CT image and the Carto shell. We compared procedural success, procedure time, fluoroscopy time and radiation burden, measured as dose area product (DAP). Baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. Procedural success, defined as disappearance of PV potentials in all PVs, was achieved in 37/38 (97%) of group 1 patients and 27/30 (90%) patients in group 2 (P = NS). Total procedure time was significantly shorter in group 1 compared to group 2 (129 +/- 34 vs 181 +/- 30 min, P &lt; 0.0001). Although fluoroscopy time tended to be longer in the CT overlay group (47 +/- 16 vs 40 +/- 13 min, P = 0.06), proper use of diaphragmation resulted in comparable radiation values for both groups (DAP 53 +/- 27 vs 56 +/- 35 Gy cm(2), P = 0.76).</p><p>CONCLUSIONS: CT overlay for PV isolation is feasible and may, in comparison to conventional LA navigation systems, shorten procedural time without increases in radiation burden.</p>
Rheology and Processing of Polymeric Materials: Volume 2: Polymer Processing (2006)

Volume 2 presents the fundamental principles related to polymer processign operations including the processing of thermoplastic polymers and thermosets. The objective of this volume is not to provide recipies that necessarily guarantee better product quality. Rather, emphasis is placed on presenting a fundamental approach to effectively analyze processing operations. The specific polymer processing operations for thermoplastics include plasticating single-screw extrusion, morphology evolution during compounding of polymer blends, compatibilization of immiscible polymer blends, wire coating extrusion, fiber spinning, tubular film blowing, coextrusion, and thermoplastic foam extrusion. The specific polymer processing operations for thermosets include reaction injection molding, pultrusion of fiber-reinforced thermosets, and compression molding of thermoset composites.
[Life-scientific approach to population problems]. (1998)

A new approach to the study of population problems is proposed based on the realities of the modern world. The author notes that, in contrast to the traditional concern with the relationship between population growth and economic development, two new factors have become of major importance: first, limits to natural resources and concerns with the environment, and second, changes in the structure of populations due to longer life spans. The author suggests that the focus of population studies should be switched from a concern with economic growth to achieving a coexistence between human beings and nature. The probability of an actual decline in population size as the twenty-first century develops is seen not as a problem but as a natural phenomenon in the population history of a species, and the need to develop a new socioeconomic system that can adapt to these demographic changes is stressed.
The Extraction of Image Feature Based on Content Retrieval (2001)

According to the feature of static images, this paper presents a method of reading BMP files under C. The values (R,G,B)about each pixel of different bitmap pixel's value can be obtained in this way. Several typical color and the arithmetically extracted texture feature are anyalysized through the convertion in different color spaces, and the feature can be extracted by using the color based and texture based image retrieval algorithm. The paper also anyalyzed the efficiency of feature extraction by using different quantitative methods.
Detection of circulating toxocaral antigens in dogs by sandwich enzyme-immunoassay. (1984)

This study describes the presence of circulating toxocaral antigens (CTA) in the sera of dogs infected with Toxocara canis (T. canis) by using a sandwich enzyme-immunoassay (SEIA). A specificity of this assay with different antigens was observed, i.e. the EIA values, which express the antigen concentration, of excretory-secretory antigen from T. canis larvae were higher than those of other antigens (Ascaris lumbricoides, Dirofilaria immitis and Fasciola hepatica). The variability in intra-assay was below 10%. In age distribution of CTA levels, the highest level was observed at 1 month of age. Thereafter, the levels decreased gradually until 6 months of age and then the same levels were maintained until adult age. Also, slightly elevated levels were found in the sera of foetuses. A significant correlation was obtained between age and CTA levels. The positive correlation between the number of worms and CTA levels was significant. As for the IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, a significant correlation was observed between the IgM antibody activities and CTA levels, but this was not observed with IgG and IgA antibodies. From these results, it was indicated that the immunological response to T. canis infection in dogs may not be reached until 1 or 2 months after birth, although detectable CTA levels were observed in foetal and early life. It was also suggested that the immunological stimulation for canine toxocariasis may be maintained by the excretory-secretory materials from the larvae through life and as a result, IgM antibody production may be observed even in chronically infected adult dogs. The SEIA technique reported in this study may be useful as a diagnostic tool of human toxocariasis, since the CTA can be directly demonstrated by the technique.
Differential radiation response of cultured endothelial cells and smooth myocytes. (1982)

In vivo observations have suggested that endothelial cells are the most radiosensitive elements of the vascular wall. To test whether this represents an intrinsic differential sensitivity, the response of bovine aortic endothelial cells and smooth myocytes was investigated in confluent cell cultures exposed to single doses of gamma radiation (250, 500, 1,000 or 2,000 rad). Both cell types showed a dose-dependent decrease in attachment efficiency when dissociated and replated at six hours after radiation. However, the attachment efficiency in both cell types was similar when a 72-hour postirradiation incubation period was used prior to dissociation of the cells. Growth inhibition was significantly greater (7- to 10-fold) in endothelial cells than in myocytes when examined four days after attachment. Confluent endothelial monolayers showed a dose-dependent, progressive cell loss during the 72-hour postirradiation period (70% after 1,000 rad); the myocyte cultures showed no radiation effect on the cell numbers. In spite of the reduction in number, the endothelial cells maintained the continuity of their monolayer by compensation with an increase in mean cell size. Endothelial cells developed multiple structural lesions, including an increase in the number and size of residual and lysosomal bodies, electron-lucent cytoplasmic defects, interruptions in the plasma membrane and irregular aggregation of chromatin, causing electron-lucent nuclei. These changes increased in severity with time and dose and were most pronounced 24 to 72 hours after 1,000 rad. No significant ultrastructural alterations were detected in myocytes four days after 2,000 rad.