gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Payment method negotiation service: framework and programming specification (1996)

We propose a Payment Method Negotiation Service in this paper. This service enables transacting peers to determine and negotiate their common set of payment methods, protocols, systems or mechanisms, system providers, capabilities, accounts, and instruments. The service also enables the peers to select, among the negotiated choices, a particular payment system or mechanism to use to conduct commerce. We use a modular framework and define an object-based solution. The programming interface is modular and extensible and can interoperate with a wide range of payment systems. The service is transport independent and can support a variety of communication models. Therefore, all electronic commerce application developers would be able to accommodate this service in their applications. The Payment Method Negotiation service introduced here is part of the Generic Electronic Payment Services (GEPS) framework being designed and implemented in the E-CO System Project.
Diaphragm Unloading via Controlled Mechanical Ventilation Alters the Gene Expression Profile (2005)

We conclude that mechanical ventilation results in rapid changes in diaphragmatic gene expression, and subsequently, many of these changes may contribute to atrophy and muscle fiber remodeling associated with unloading this primary inspiratory muscle. Importantly, this study also provides new insights into why the diaphragm, after the onset of contractile inactivity, atrophies more rapidly than locomotor skeletal muscles and also highlights unique differences that exist between these muscles in the mRNA response to inactivity.
Einführung (1996)

Ein Betrieb besteht nicht um seiner selbst willen. Er hat im allgemeinen die Aufgabe, Leistungen oder Güter zu erzeugen und abzusetzen. Bei der Durchsetzung dieser Aufgabe werden die Produktionsfaktoren menschliche Arbeitskraft. Betriebsmittel und Werkstoffe eingesetzt.
Principal curves: learning, design, and applications (2000)

The subjects of this thesis are unsupervised learning in general, and principal curves in particular. Principal curves were originally defined by Hastie [Has84] and Hastie and Stuetzle [HS89] (hereafter HS) to formally capture the notion of a smooth curve passing through the middle of a d -dimensional probability distribution or data cloud. Based on the definition, HS also developed an algorithm for constructing principal curves of distributions and data sets. The field has been very active since Hastie and Stuetzle's groundbreaking work. Numerous alternative definitions and methods for estimating principal curves have been proposed, and principal curves were further analyzed and compared with other unsupervised learning techniques. Several applications in various areas including image analysis, feature extraction, and speech processing demonstrated that principal curves are not only of theoretical interest, but they also have a legitimate place in the family of practical unsupervised learning techniques. Although the concept of principal curves as considered by HS has several appealing characteristics, complete theoretical analysis of the model seems to be rather hard. This motivated us to redefine principal curves in a manner that allowed us to carry out extensive theoretical analysis while preserving the informal notion of principal curves. Our first contribution to the area is, hence, a new theoretical model that is analyzed by using tools of statistical learning theory. Our main result here is the first known consistency proof of a principal curve estimation scheme. The theoretical model proved to be too restrictive to be practical. However, it inspired the design of a new practical algorithm to estimate principal curves based on data. The polygonal line algorithm, which compares favorably with previous methods both in terms of performance and computational complexity, is our second contribution to the area of principal curves. To complete the picture, in the last part of the thesis we consider an application of the polygonal line algorithm to hand-written character skeletonization.
11W broad area 976 nm DFB lasers with 58% power conversion efficiency (2010)

A report is presented on how distributed feedback (DFB) lasers can achieve high optical power and power conversion efficiency together with a narrow vertical emission angle. Recently developed 976 nm DFB lasers emit 11 W, have a maximum power conversion efficiency of 58%, a spectral linewidth of ∼0.4 nm FWHM and a narrow vertical far field of 28° FWHM. This considerable enhancement was obtained with an improved epitaxy design and optimised grating fabrication process. These are DFB lasers that achieve power, efficiency and emission angle values comparable to conventional Fabry-Pérot lasers, but with spectral stabilisation. Accordingly, these lasers are particularly well suited for pumping fibre and solid-state lasers.
Smart pixel VLSI architecture for embedded zerotree wavelet coding (2003)

The smart pixel (SP) architecture is an array processor architecture which combines image capture and processing on a single device. Previously, an architecture to perform the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) within the SP array has been reported. A feature of the SP-DWT architecture is that the wavelet coefficients for each subband are not clustered together but are distributed in a certain pattern throughout the SP array. An encoder architecture for the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) algorithm has been reported which makes use of a modified EZW algorithm where instead of having to scan the whole wavelet coefficient in each pass of the algorithm, the modified algorithm only requires the scanning of one bit of the coefficient in each pass. In this paper, we present a scheme which takes advantage of the coefficient distribution in the SP array so that the bits of the coefficients are shifted out of the SP array in such a way that they can be input into the EZW encoder immediately with minimum buffering requirements.
Pretreatment-dependent surface chemistry of wood nanocellulose for pH-sensitive hydrogels (2014)

Nanocellulose from wood is a promising material with potential in various technological areas. Within biomedical applications, nanocellulose has been proposed as a suitable nano-material for wound dressings. This is based on the capability of the material to self-assemble into 3D micro-porous structures, which among others have an excellent capacity of maintaining a moist environment. In addition, the surface chemistry of nanocellulose is suitable for various applications. First, OH-groups are abundant in nanocellulose materials, making the material strongly hydrophilic. Second, the surface chemistry can be modified, introducing aldehyde and carboxyl groups, which have major potential for surface functionalization. In this study, we demonstrate the production of nanocellulose with tailor-made surface chemistry, by pre-treating the raw cellulose fibres with carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The pre-treatments yielded a highly nanofibrillated material, with significant amounts of aldehyde and carboxyl groups. Importantly, the poly-anionic surface of the oxidized nanocellulose opens up for novel applications, i.e. micro-porous materials with pH-responsive characteristics. This is due to the swelling capacity of the 3D micro-porous structures, which have ionisable functional groups. In this study, we demonstrated that nanocellulose gels have a significantly higher swelling degree in neutral and alkaline conditions, compared to an acid environment (pH 3). Such a capability can potentially be applied in chronic wounds for controlled and intelligent release of antibacterial components into biofilms.
The scaling of zero-shear viscosities of semidilute polymer solutions with concentration (2005)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Youngsuk Heo, Ronald G. Larson; The scaling of zero-shear viscosities of semidilute polymer solutions with concentration. J. Rheol. 1 September 2005; 49 (5): 1117–1128. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1993595 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Time- and concentration-dependent changes in gene expression induced by benzo(a)pyrene in two human cell lines, MCF-7 and HepG2 (2006)

This study has further characterised the gene expression response of human cells after genotoxic insult, induced after exposure to concentrations of BaP that result in minimal cytotoxicity. We have demonstrated that investigating the time and concentration effect of a carcinogen on gene expression related to other biological end-points gives greater insight into cellular responses to such compounds and strengthens the identification of target genes.
Genome-wide analysis of the relationships between DNaseI HS, histone modifications and gene expression reveals distinct modes of chromatin domains (2011)

To understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie global transcriptional regulation, it is essential to first identify all the transcriptional regulatory elements in the human genome. The advent of next-generation sequencing has provided a powerful platform for genome-wide analysis of different species and specific cell types; when combined with traditional techniques to identify regions of open chromatin [DNaseI hypersensitivity (DHS)] or specific binding locations of transcription factors [chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)], and expression data from microarrays, we become uniquely poised to uncover the mysteries of the genome and its regulation. To this end, we have performed global meta-analysis of the relationship among data from DNaseI-seq, ChIP-seq and expression arrays, and found that specific correlations exist among regulatory elements and gene expression across different cell types. These correlations revealed four distinct modes of chromatin domain structure reflecting different functions: repressive, active, primed and bivalent. Furthermore, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) binding sites were identified based on these integrative data. Our findings uncovered a complex regulatory process involving by DNaseI HS sites and histone modifications, and suggest that these dynamic elements may be responsible for maintaining chromatin structure and integrity of the human genome. Our integrative approach provides an example by which data from diverse technology platforms may be integrated to provide more meaningful insights into global transcriptional regulation.
Accelerated training of conditional random fields with stochastic gradient methods (2006)

We apply Stochastic Meta-Descent (SMD), a stochastic gradient optimization method with gain vector adaptation, to the training of Conditional Random Fields (CRFs). On several large data sets, the resulting optimizer converges to the same quality of solution over an order of magnitude faster than limited-memory BFGS, the leading method reported to date. We report results for both exact and inexact inference techniques.
[Etiological diagnosis of the patients with pericarditis after pericardiectomy]. (2003)

Most of constrictive pericarditis are of unknown cause, but in known causes tuberculosis has a high incidence. Refractory pericardial effusion is often seen in patients with malignant tumor.
Skin sympathetic adrenergic innervation: An immunofluorescence confocal study (2006)

Our description of sympathetic adrenergic innervation of human skin aims to improve the diagnostic ability of skin biopsy to detect selective autonomic nervous system disorders.
The Translator Between Two Extremes (2007)

While teaching at Lake Forest College for 14 years, Professor Ann Maine has certainly made a name for herself. Offering courses for both science intensive and non-science students, she has taken the position of an intermediary, teaching the two extremes of an audience. Being able to feel the passion she has for teaching makes any biology course interesting. Her expertise in a constantly changing environment allows her the freedom to teach what she loves.
Use of inotropes and vasopressor agents in critically ill patients (2011)

Inotropes and vasopressors are biologically and clinically important compounds that originate from different pharmacological groups and act at some of the most fundamental receptor and signal transduction systems in the body. More than 20 such agents are in common clinical use, yet few reviews of their pharmacology exist outside of physiology and pharmacology textbooks. Despite widespread use in critically ill patients, understanding of the clinical effects of these drugs in pathological states is poor. The purpose of this article is to describe the pharmacology and clinical applications of inotropic and vasopressor agents in critically ill patients.
Synthesis of glycosyl esters from phosphoroates derivatives of 2-bromosugars (2000)

This work presents the synthesis of glycosyl esters of 2-bromo-2-deoxy-D-hexopyranose, having the α-D-manno (10a–cα), β-D-gluco (11a–dβ) and α-D-gluco (11a,bα) configuration, by a stereoselective reaction between phosphoroates 3–8 and carboxylic acids 9a–d. Derivatives of 10a–c and 11a–d are formed in an overall quantitative yield, in an aprotic solvent in the presence of silver salts as a leaving group activator. The phosphoroselenoate of 3 was obtained by the condensation reaction of the triethylammonium salt of phosphoroseleno acid 2 with α-1,2-D-manno-pyranosyl dibromide 1 with high stereoselectivity. The structures of the compounds 3,10a–c and 11a–d were established by 1H and 13C NMR spectra and by elemental analyses. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 11:292–298, 2000
Approximating Human Reaching Volumes using Inverse Kinematics (2003)

This paper presents a system to analyse the reaching capabilities of the human body. Our research is motivated by the need for a system which helps the user to manage data relative to the most frequent tasks involved in human activity: reaching tasks. Depending on the type of reaching that we are dealing with we establish a set of constraints that characterise the reaching task. We have designed a data structure that let us approximate reachable volumes. A set of reaching strategies is defined, and reachable volumes are generated and stored for each of these strategies. In addition, an automatic strategyselection process decides, in real time, which strategy is the most suitable for a certain reaching task. To demonstrate the usefulness of our system, we show how it can be applied to a study of seated reaching.
Plasma levels and mode of excretion of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C4a in renal disease. (1991)

Plasma levels of the anaphylatoxins C3a and C4a were examined in patients suffering with various renal diseases. Raised levels were observed in a considerable number of patients; although such elevation could be ascribed to in vivo complement activation in cases of immune complex glomerulonephritis, we found that raised plasma C4a levels appeared to be related to impaired renal function, suggesting that C4a anaphylatoxin is cleared by the kidneys. No such relationship was found in the case of the anaphylatoxin C3a suggesting the possible existence of another mechanism of elimination of C3a.
Effectiveness of exercise-referral schemes to promote physical activity in adults: systematic review (2007)

Exercise-referral schemes have a small effect on increasing physical activity in sedentary people. The key challenge, if future exercise-referral schemes are to be commissioned by the NHS, is to increase uptake and improve adherence by addressing the barriers described in these studies.
Temperatures of Peculiar G-Type Stars from Narrow-Band Near-Infrared Photometry (2000)

Photometric observations in 6 of the filters of Wing's 8-color narrow-band near-infrared system have, been obtained for 16 of the carbon-peculiar stars found by Olsen, Garrison, & Koktay. The observations provide a continuum color index that is free from atomic and molecular blanketing, as well as an explicit measure of CN strength. The continuum color can be calibrated in terms of effective temperature for unreddened stars, as most stars of this sample are believed to be, and these temperatures will be used in a spectroscopic analysis of these stars by Koktay. Approximately half of these stars have abnormally strong CN for G-type main-sequence stars; the remainder show little if any CN.
New High Dose Pulsed Hyaluronidase Protocol for Hyaluronic Acid Filler Vascular Adverse Events (2017)

The purpose of this article is to update the changes to the author's protocols used to manage acute filler related vascular events from those previously published in this journal. For lack of a better term, this new protocol has been called the High Dose Pulsed Hyaluronidase (HDPH) protocol for vascular embolic events with hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers. The initial protocol used involved many different modalities of treatment. The current protocol is exceedingly simple and involves solely the use of hyaluronidase in repeated high doses. Despite the simplicity of the treatment, it has proven itself to be very successful over the past two years of clinical use. There has been no partial or complete skin loss associated with this protocol since its implementation if the protocol was implemented within 2 days of the ischemic event onset. The protocol involves diagnosis and repeated administration of relatively high doses hyaluronidase (HYAL) into the ischemic tissue repeated hourly until resolution (as detected clinically through capillary refill, skin color, and absence of pain). The dosage of HYAL varies as the amount of ischemic tissue, consistent with the new underlying hypothesis that we must flood the occluded vessels with a sufficient concentration of HYAL for a sufficient period of time in order to dissolve the HA obstruction to the point where the products of hydrolysis can pass through the capillary beds. Although vascular embolic events are rare, it is important to note that the face has higher risk and lower risk areas for filler treatment, but there are no "zero risk" areas with respect to filler treatments. Even with good anatomic knowledge and correct technique, there is still some nonzero risk of vascular embolic events (including highly skilled, experienced injectors). However, with careful low pressure, low volume injection technique, and adequate preparation for treatment of acute vascular events, the risk is quite manageable and the vast majority of adverse events are very treatable with an excellent prognosis, with a few exceptions. This new protocol offers excellent results, but requires further research to determine optimal parameters for various HA fillers.
Somebody, Sometime, Somewhere, Something (2005)

The success of the Web and of portable devices has made popular the idea that any information could be made available to anybody, anytime, and anywhere. Other paradigms are taking off within the ubiquitous computing solutions. This paper identifies some of these paradigms, focusing on the more innovative ones in terms of information services. In particular, broadcast-based and location-based services are introduced. Further, it discusses user profiles and contexts, two essential components for modern services.
SEFAP: An Email System for Anti-Phishing (2007)

More and more users are suffering from email-based phishing attacks over the past years. Despite the use of various technologies for anti-phishing, phishing is still one of most serious attacks against Internet users. Email phishing attacks fabricate the email's origin. Unfortunately, current email server systems can not authenticate the genuineness of in-coming emails. In this paper, we present a novel anti-phishing mechanism: signed email for anti-phishing (SEFAP), designed to automatically identify an email's origin to mitigate email phishing attacks. The SEFAP system is an extendable secure cryptographic system that accommodates multiple signature schemes. SEFAP can adopt any signature scheme which has two properties: Identity-based and repudiability. Identity-based property removes the unrealistic full PKI infrastructure deployment requirement and the repudiability property protects sender's privacy. We describe how to integrate the SEFAP system into a standard SMTP server. We also proposed an efficient implementation based on a novel ID-based ring signature scheme.
Solar Power Tower Design Basis Document, Revision 0 (2001)

This report contains the design basis for a generic molten-salt solar power tower. A solar power tower uses a field of tracking mirrors (heliostats) that redirect sunlight on to a centrally located receiver mounted on top a tower, which absorbs the concentrated sunlight. Molten nitrate salt, pumped from a tank at ground level, absorbs the sunlight, heating it up to 565 C. The heated salt flows back to ground level into another tank where it is stored, then pumped through a steam generator to produce steam and make electricity. This report establishes a set of criteria upon which the next generation of solar power towers will be designed. The report contains detailed criteria for each of the major systems: Collector System, Receiver System, Thermal Storage System, Steam Generator System, Master Control System, and Electric Heat Tracing System. The Electric Power Generation System and Balance of Plant discussions are limited to interface requirements. This design basis builds on the extensive experience gained from the Solar Two project and includes potential design innovations that will improve reliability and lower technical risk. This design basis document is a living document and contains several areas that require trade-studies and design analysis to fully complete the design basis. Project- and site-specific conditions and requirements will also resolve open To Be Determined issues.
Die Expansion von Gasen im Zentrifugalfeld als Kälteprozeß (1946)

Abstract Es wird gezeigt, daß durch wirbelnde Entspannung von Gasen beachtliche Abkühlung erreicht werden kann. Die Konstruktion eines Wirbelrohres mit guter Kälteausbeute wird angegeben, quantitative Messungen in Abhängigkeit von den in Frage kommenden Variablen werden mitgeteilt. Die theoretische Ausbeute wird mit der praktischen verglichen. Anwendungen des Wirbelrohres werden erwähnt.