gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose-dependent metabolism of methotrexate in man and rhesus monkeys. (1977)

Humans and rhesus monkeys receiving high-dose methotrexate (MTX) (greater than 50 mg/kg) excrete significant quantities of the metabolite, 7-hydroxy-MTX. This metabolite, though 200-fold less potent than MTX as an inhibitor of mammalian dihydrofolate reductase, is of very limited aqueous solubility, and thus may contribute to the renal toxicity of the high-dose regimen. The metabolite was not observed in previous pharmacologic studies in which conventional doses of MTX were administered (less than 10 mg/kg).
Evaluation of Objective Measurement Techniques for Automotive Seat Comfort (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper is the second in a two-part series that provides an overview of four objective methods for measuring Seat Comfort. It provides a detailed description of three of the four concepts, Electromyography (EMG), Spinal Loading, and Body Motion. Each of these methods is discussed in terms of Theory, Test Technique, and Test Data that are strictly linked to measurable biological parameters. Graphs are included to show the nature of the specific biological activity being measured and how these activities change in response to environmental stimuli acting on the human body. A comparison of the four techniques is provided. Suggestions are made to help future efforts in developing these objective measures of Seat Comfort.</div>
Line-based optimization of LTL-shipments using a multi-step genetic algorithm (2013)

Motivated by the so-called “Cloud Logistic”-concept as an innovative, line-based way for dealing with less than truck load (LTL) shipments in cooperation networks, this paper introduces a genetic algorithm as a heuristical approach for dealing with multi-objective optimization problems. Based on the implied optimization problem — the NP-hard multi-depot heterogeneous fleet vehicle routing problem with time windows and assignment restrictions (m-VRPTWAR) — four different optimization goals of the “CloudLogistic”-concept are introduced and a multi-step approach is motivated. Therefore, two different optimization steps are presented and transferred into a genetic algorithm. Additionally, two innovative problem-specific genetic operators are introduced by combining a generation-based approach and a usage-based approach in order to create a useful mutation process. A further usage-based approach is used to realize a problem-specific crossover operator. The presented genetic multi-step approach is a useful concept for dealing with multi-objective optimization problems without the need of a single combined fitness function.
Beyond the Rayleigh scattering limit in high-Q silicon microdisks: theory and experiment (2005)

Using a combination of resist reflow to form a highly circular etch mask pattern and a low-damage plasma dry etch, high-quality-factor silicon optical microdisk resonators are fabricated out of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. Quality factors as high as Q = 5x10(6) are measured in these microresonators, corresponding to a propagation loss coefficient as small as alpha ~ 0.1 dB/cm. The different optical loss mechanisms are identified through a study of the total optical loss, mode coupling, and thermally-induced optical bistability as a function of microdisk radius (5-30 microm). These measurements indicate that optical loss in these high-Q microresonators is limited not by surface roughness, but rather by surface state absorption and bulk free-carrier absorption.
Histological evaluation of porous titanium cardiac pacemaker electrode tips (1984)

An investigation of the tissue reaction to five porous titanium alloy pacemaker electrode tips inserted in sheep hearts was made. Attachment of the electrode tips to the endocardial wall was facilitated by fibrous tissue ingrowth into the porous material. Vascularized fibrocollagenous tissue was found within the pores of the tips. One tip was found to be infected. The presence of occasional multinucleated foreign-body giant cells within the porosity was related to the particulate features of the porous tip. The electrode tips had a reduced sensing impedance compared with conventional solid platinum tips. The present findings are consistent with previous observations relating to porous cobalt-chromium alloy and porous platinum-iridium alloy tips and suggest that porous titanium alloy may be a suitable pacemaker electrode tip material.
Gas Quality Sensor to Improve Biogas-Fueled CHP/DG (2010)

Today, renewable fuels such as biogas are being used to fuel combined heat and power (CHP) and distributed generation (DG) systems. The composition of biogas delivered to power generation equipment varies depending upon the origin of the anaerobic digestion process and site-specific factors. For improved process control and optimum utilization of CHP/DG systems, the biogas composition needs to be monitored. A new apparatus has been developed for characterization of hydrocarbon fuel mixtures. The method utilizes near infrared absorption spectroscopy to monitor composition and heating value of landfill gas, natural gas, and other hydrocarbon fuel gases. The measurement is virtually instantaneous. A commercialized version of this sensor is expected to cost less than half the price of gas chromatographs, which are widely used in the gas industry today.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Reactions of α‐Allenic Boronates. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antagonism by glucocorticoids and exercise on expression of glutamine synthetase in skeletal muscle (1989)

Chronic glucocorticoid treatment results in skeletal muscle wasting. However, if the contractile activity of muscle is increased, this effect is abated. Because the gene encoding glutamine synthetase is known to be glucocorticoid inducible, it represents an appropriate model for testing whether glucocorticoids and endurance training can exert antagonistic effects on the expression of specific genes in muscle tissue. Our data confirm that administration of hydrocortisone 21-acetate to rats produces 2.4- and 5.9-fold increases in plantaris muscle glutamine synthetase enzyme activity and mRNA, respectively. Moreover, subjecting rats to a 12- to 16-wk exercise program diminishes the basal levels of these indices of glutamine synthetase expression to approximately 60% of the values observed in sedentary controls. Endurance training produces a similar effect on plantaris muscle glutamine synthetase expression in glucocorticoid-treated animals. These data demonstrate that the therapeutic effects of exercise in counteracting muscle atrophy are associated with attenuation of expression of a glucocorticoid-inducible gene in skeletal muscle.
Active Vibration Control of a Magnetorheological Sandwich Beam (2005)

Sandwich beam structures constructed with MR fluids can be implemented as distributed vibration absorbers to suppress unwanted vibrations. This paper introduces an analytical model for MR structures based on the Kelvin-Voigt model and Hamilton principle. The relationship between the magnetic field and the complex shear modulus of MR sandwich beam in the pre-yield regime is presented. The governing partial differential equations describing the dynamics of MR sandwich beam are derived and a model analysis is performed. An active vibration controller based on Lyapunov stability theory is designed. Simulations show the stable response and improved transient performance provided by the control system.
Pediatric septic shock: Let’s talk about blood pressure (2009)

Critical Care Medicine: December 2009 - Volume 37 - Issue 12 - p 3190-3191 doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e3181c4a889
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ON ADVANCED GRAPHITE MATERIALS. VOLUME 37. STUDIES OF GRAPHITE DEPOSITED BY PYROLYTIC PROCESSES (1964)

Abstract : Work on pyrolytic or vapor-deposited graphite under this program was limited to mechanism studies and property measurements. Methods of depositing high quality pyrolytic graphite are described with evidence as to the cause of conical growths and delaminations within the structure of the material. Results are presented on the use of hydrogen, helium and argon as diluents, and on the use of chlorine as an additive in the pyrolytic process. The mean deposition rate is shown to be a function of hydrocarbon concentration, diluent type, gas velocity, temperature and pressure. Theoretical studies of the equilibrium composition of methane as affected by changes in temperature and pressure are presented. Feasibility studies on the production of graphite of carbon vapor deposition were conducted which indicate that nonlamellar graphite with a predetermined degree of anisotropy can be produced by this method. Room temperature pull strength yarn has been increased as much as 360 per cent by reinforcement of the yarn with thin coatings of pyrolytic carbon; both single and multiple strand yarns have been coated.
Thermofluorescent Conjugated Polymer Sensors for Nano‐ and Microscale Temperature Monitoring (2011)

Abstract It is shown that due to the inherent irreversible non‐fluorescence to fluorescence transition feature of polydiacetylene (PDA) supramolecules that occurs in response to thermal perturbations, PDA vesicles embedded in a host polymer matrix function as nano/microscale temperature indicators. As a result, they are used to monitor temperature gradients on an integrated circuit chip and to uncover submicrometer size filamentary defects in a resistance random access memory (RRAM) device structure. This new methodology should find a wide applicability in carrying out temperature distribution analysis on semiconductor and micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS) devices where the detection of local heat deviations of small‐scale components is critical. magnified image
Excited States of Xanthophylls Revisited:Towards the Simulation of Biologically RelevantSystems (2021)

International audience
The Spectrophotometric Determination of the Solubility of Cumene in Water by a Kinetic Method (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Spectrophotometric Determination of the Solubility of Cumene in Water by a Kinetic MethodD. N. Glew and R. E. RobertsonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1956, 60, 3, 332–337Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150537a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j150537a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
HLA-DP and coeliac disease: family and population studies. (1990)

We investigated polymorphism of HLA-DP genes in three DR3 related diseases, confirming an association of coeliac disease with a Bgl II DP alpha polymorphism (a restriction fragment sized 3.5 kb present in 75% of patients compared to 34% of control subjects, p less than 0.001), and finding a weaker association with dermatitis herpetiformis (57% v 34%, p = 0.01) and no association with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The association with coeliac disease was further investigated. Msp I DP beta polymorphism was studied in 52 healthy subjects and 59 patients: a 4.9 kb fragment was present in 51% of patients with coeliac disease compared to 11.5% of control subjects (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, nearly all subjects with the DP alpha 3.5 kb fragment also had the DP beta 4.9 kb fragment. However, disease frequency was still increased in the DP alpha 3.5 positive/DP beta 4.9 negative group. In seven families, each with at least two affected members, while the DP alpha 3.5 fragment was frequently present in patients it did not preferentially segregate with any particular HLA haplotype--for example, those associated with DR3 or DR7--and therefore is not part of an extended haplotype associated with coeliac disease. We therefore conclude that a gene(s) in the HLA-DP region predisposes to coeliac disease independently of the HLA-DR/DQ regions.
Resonance enhancement of x-rays and fluorescence yield from marker layers in thin films (2001)

Resonance enhancement of x rays in a thin film and fluorescence emission from embedded marker layers within the film have been studied. With embedded marker layers of Ti, Fe, and W at different depths in a thin Si film on a Au-coated Si substrate, it has been shown that the position of a marker layer throughout the depth of the film can be unambiguously determined with a precision better than 0.5 nm. In this example, field-intensity enhancement upto 16 times have been observed. Field enhancement gives rise to enhanced sensitivity. The usefulness of this resonance-enhanced x-ray fluorescence spectrometry in the study of diffusion with marker layers in thin films including polymers and nanocomposites has been elucidated.
Kinetics and in vitro origin of the temperature-dependent transition of the estrogen receptor monomer (1989)

Partitioning of estrogen receptors in aqueous two-phase polymer systems has provided the basis for a detailed kinetic analysis of the effects of temperature on estrogen receptor (ER) structure in vitro. Exposure to temperatures of 0-30 degrees C increased the rate of change in ER partition coefficients by up to 100-fold but did not affect the final extent of the process. The temperature-dependent change in ER partition coefficients was characterized by a linear Arrhenius plot and an activation energy of 25 kcal/mol. The rate of the temperature-dependent ER transition (28 degrees C) was found to be unaffected by greater than 50-fold changes in receptor concentration, which indicates that the temperature-dependent change in partition coefficients reflects a first-order process. The partition coefficients of heated ER were unaffected by subsequent 18-h incubations at 0 degree C, indicating that the temperature-dependent ER transition is irreversible in vitro. Direct heating of the unoccupied ER resulted in both a change in ER partition coefficients and a loss of ER binding sites. The temperature-dependent change in unoccupied ER partition coefficients was complete within 30 min at 28 degrees C and yielded a first-order rate constant that was the same as that obtained for heating the receptor-estradiol complex at 28 degrees C. In contrast, the loss of unoccupied ER binding sites that occurred during 28 degrees C incubations did not reach completion after 150 min of heating and was found to behave as a second-order process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Joint estimation and detection for transmit diversity over fast fading channels (2003)

This paper presents a simple channel estimation algorithm based on the maximum a posteriori (MAP) method for a dual transmit diversity system, using a space-time (ST) receiver that takes into account the channel estimation error and assumes that the unknown channel has a given complex bivariate Gaussian probability density function (pdf) (i.e., a Ricean distribution). The channel pdf is updated for the next iteration by estimates of the statistics of the channel coefficients, and a very simple adaptive algorithm is derived for channel estimation. Simulations confirm that the proposed scheme achieves robust performance in the time-varying scenario with few training symbols, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is not very low. The algorithm is capable of efficiently tracking a fast Rayleigh fading channel. However, the occurrence of two types of ambiguities might result in error propagation which are addressed here.
Junctional adhesion molecule-C regulates vascular endothelial permeability by modulating VE-cadherin–mediated cell–cell contacts (2006)

We recently reported that junctional adhesion molecule (JAM)-C plays a role in leukocyte transendothelial migration. Here, the role of JAM-C in vascular permeability was investigated in vitro and in vivo. As opposed to macrovascular endothelial cells that constitutively expressed JAM-C in cell-cell contacts, in quiescent microvascular endothelial cells, JAM-C localized mainly intracellularly, and was recruited to junctions upon short-term stimulation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or histamine. Strikingly, disruption of JAM-C function decreased basal permeability and prevented the VEGF- and histamine-induced increases in human dermal microvascular endothelial cell permeability in vitro and skin permeability in mice. Permeability increases are essential in angiogenesis, and JAM-C blockade reduced hyperpermeability and neovascularization in hypoxia-induced retinal angiogenesis in mice. The underlying mechanisms of the JAM-C-mediated increase in endothelial permeability were studied. JAM-C was essential for the regulation of endothelial actomyosin, as revealed by decreased F-actin, reduced myosin light chain phosphorylation, and actin stress fiber formation due to JAM-C knockdown. Moreover, the loss of JAM-C expression resulted in stabilization of VE-cadherin-mediated interendothelial adhesion in a manner dependent on the small GTPase Rap1. Together, through modulation of endothelial contractility and VE-cadherin-mediated adhesion, JAM-C helps to regulate vascular permeability and pathologic angiogenesis.
EXAFS study of lead-free relaxor ferroelectric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ti</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Zr</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>at the Zr<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>K</mml:mi></mml:math>edge (2006)

Extended x-ray absorption fine structure experiments at the Zr $K$ edge were carried out on perovskite relaxor ferroelectrics $\mathrm{Ba}{\mathrm{Ti}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Zr}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ (BTZ) $(x=0.25,0.30,0.35)$, and on $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Zr}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ for comparison. Structural information up to $4.5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}}$ around the Zr atoms is obtained, revealing that the local structure differs notably from the average $Pm\overline{3}m$ cubic structure deduced from the x-ray diffraction. In particular, our results show that the distance between Zr atoms and their first oxygen neighbors is independent of the Zr substitution rate $x$ and equal to that measured in $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Zr}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, while the x-ray cubic cell parameter increases linearly with $x$. Furthermore, we show that the Zr atoms tend to segregate in Zr-rich regions. We propose that the relaxor behavior in BTZ could be influenced by the random elastic fields generated by this particular chemical arrangement.
Structural characterisation of two crystalline modifications of [Au9{P(C6H4OMe-p)3}8](NO3)3: the first example of skeletal isomerism in metal cluster chemistry (1984)

[Au9{P(C6H4OMe-p)3}8](NO3)3crystallizes from CH2Cl2–toluene in two crystalline modifications one tetragonal and the other orthorhombic; single crystal X-ray crystallographic determinations on the two modifications have demonstrated that the tetragonal modification has a skeletal geometry derived from an icosahedron and the orthorhombic modification a centred crown skeletal geometry.
Quantitative analysis of variations in initial<i>bacillus pumilus</i>spore densities in aqueous TiO<sub>2</sub>suspension and design of a photocatalytic reactor (1997)

Abstract Spore‐forming Bacillus pumilus was used as a model for TiO2‐based photocatalysis. Previous results have shown that for different initial spore densities between 104 and 1010 CFU/ml, more inactivation of viable spores in aqueous TiO2 suspension occurred with an increase in spore density. The results were different from published results for different initial concentrations of organic pollutants and non‐spore‐forming organisms (e.g., E. coli). To determine a plausible explanation for the results obtained for the B. pumilus spores, a quantitative analysis has been performed based on the theory of probability. Since hydroxyl radicals (.OH) have been thought to be the primary species responsible for degrading/inactivating contaminants in water, a probabilistic approach will be used to determine quantitatively the likelihood that an interaction, or a collision, between a hydroxyl radical and a B. pumilus spore will occur, or that a hydroxyl radical interacting with a spore is viable. Once a mathematical model is developed and values are determined based on this model, these theoretical values will be compared to the experimental values obtained for each initial B. pumilus spore density. Also, a design of a simple photocatalytic reactor system‐regardless of the amount of initial spore densities present—will be given to determine parameters which could be used to scale‐up to an engineering scale design.
The Effects of Six Months of Contact Lens Wear on the Tear Film, Ocular Surfaces, and Symptoms of Presbyopes (2001)

These results provide a representation of the ocular surface condition and symptoms of ocular discomfort in the middle-aged population and seem similar to reports of younger populations. Wearing contact lenses seems to influence dry eye symptoms more than age or gender. Therefore, presbyopes should not be excluded from consideration for contact lens fitting.
Sir Edward Herbert on Jonson’s Horace (2010)

The Critical Heritage gathers together a large body of critical sources on major figures in literature. Each volume presents contemporary responses to a writer's work, enabling students and researchers to read the material themselves.
Bending losses and beam profiles of zinc selenide-coated silver waveguides for carbon dioxide laser light (1992)

Circular hollow waveguides with an interior silver layer and an inner coating of zinc selenide are fabricated. The fabrication process for rf sputtering of zinc-selenide and silver, electroplating of nickel, and etching of a polyimide mandrel is described in detail. As a result of the measurements of transmission losses, the waveguides show a remarkably low-loss property when they are bent. Further, output beam profiles of the straight and the bent waveguide are investigated, and it is shown that the waveguide with a smaller diameter exhibits a well-shaped beam profile without sacrificing the low-loss property.