gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplified method for esophagus protection during radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation - prospective study of 704 cases (2015)

AbstractIntroduction:Although rare, the atrioesophageal fistula is one of the most feared complications in radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation due to the high risk of mortality.Objective:This is a prospective controlled study, performed during regular radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation, to test whether esophageal displacement by handling the transesophageal echocardiography transducer could be used for esophageal protection.Methods:Seven hundred and four patients (158 F/546M [22.4%/77.6%]; 52.8±14 [17-84] years old), with mean EF of 0.66±0.8 and drug-refractory atrial fibrillation were submitted to hybrid radiofrequency catheter ablation (conventional pulmonary vein isolation plus AF-Nests and background tachycardia ablation) with displacement of the esophagus as far as possible from the radiofrequency target by transesophageal echocardiography transducer handling. The esophageal luminal temperature was monitored without and with displacement in 25 patients.Results:The mean esophageal displacement was 4 to 9.1cm (5.9±0.8 cm). In 680 of the 704 patients (96.6%), it was enough to allow complete and safe radiofrequency delivery (30W/40ºC/irrigated catheter or 50W/60ºC/8 mm catheter) without esophagus overlapping. The mean esophageal luminal temperature changes with versus without esophageal displacement were 0.11±0.13ºC versus 1.1±0.4ºC respectively, P<0.01. The radiofrequency had to be halted in 68% of the patients without esophageal displacement because of esophageal luminal temperature increase. There was no incidence of atrioesophageal fistula suspected or confirmed. Only two superficial bleeding caused by transesophageal echocardiography transducer insertion were observed.Conclusion:Mechanical esophageal displacement by transesophageal echocardiography transducer during radiofrequency catheter ablation was able to prevent a rise in esophageal luminal temperature, helping to avoid esophageal thermal lesion. In most cases, the esophageal displacement was sufficient to allow safe radiofrequency application without esophagus overlapping, being a convenient alternative in reducing the risk of atrioesophageal fistula.
Role of the cotyledonary tissue in improving low and ultralow temperature tolerance of butternut (<i>Juglanscinerea</i>) embryonic axes (1998)

Butternut (Juglans cinerea L.) survival is threatened in North America by the fungus Sirococcus clavigignenti-juglandacearum. To date, there is no control for this fungal disease and long-term seed storage, to ensure survival of the species, is not a viable option. Initially, low (0, 5, 10, 15, and 40°C) and ultralow (196°C, cryopreservation) temperature tolerance of butternut embryonic axes isolated from the nuts collected from one tree was examined. Embryonic axes with approximately 3 mm of cotyledonary tissue attached to the hypocotyl area germinated after exposure to 0, 5, 10, 15, and 40°C for 4 h and to 196°C for 24 h. Percent germination after exposure to 0 and 5°C was 87 and 82%, respectively, and after 10 and 15°C was 29 and 27%, respectively. Thirty-two percent of axes germinated after 40°C, and 36% germinated after exposure to 196°C. Tolerance to 196°C was examined in the embryonic axes isolated from the nuts of 13 other trees. Significant tree-to-tree variation was found in the tolerance of the embryonic axes to low temperature. This variation corresponded to the water content of the embryonic axes; water contents of 4.8% and lower exhibited tolerance to 196°C. Reducing the water content of the embryonic axes by slow desiccation to 4.8% or less resulted in an increased tolerance to 196°C. These results suggest that low and ultralow temperature storage of embryonic axes may be a viable method for butternut ex situ conservation.
A NOVEL SIMPLE AND HIGHLY SECURE METHOD FOR DATA ENCRYPTION-DECRYPTION (2019)

In the course of the past 30 years, data has become pivotal to all aspects of human life. Data generated, captured, and replicated are increasing in size and expanding applications. The proliferation of fast wireless networks has encouraged data storage within the cloud. So, protecting data from attackers has become urgent to maintain its security and confidentiality, need for security and privacy technologies, systems, and processes to address it. This research paper proposes a simple and highly secure encryption decryption (SHSED) algorithm that can be used for cloud computing-based applications. It achieves the Shannon’s concept of diffusion and confusion by the involvement of logical operations, such as XORing, addition, and subtraction in addition to byte shifting. It is also characterized by the flexibility in the secret key length and the number of rounds. Experimental results have demonstrated powerful security level and a clear improvement in the encryption execution time measurements and security strength as compared with cryptosystems widely used in cloud computing.
Hydroxychloroquine in Decompensated, Treatment-Refractory Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1990)

Combining antidiabetic therapy with hydroxychloroquine in decompensated, treatment-refractory patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes may help to break the vicious circle of hyperglycemia and lead to better management of the disease.
Riboswitch function: Flipping the switch or tuning the dimmer? (2010)

Riboswitches are structured mRNA elements involved in gene regulation that respond to the intracellular concentration of specific small molecules. Binding of their cognate ligand is thought to elicit a global conformational change of the riboswitch, in addition to modulating the fine structure of the binding site. X-ray crystallography has produced detailed descriptions of the three-dimensional structures of the ligand-bound conformations of several riboswitches. We have employed small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to generate low-resolution reconstructions of the ligand-free states of the ligand-binding domains of riboswitches that respond to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), and cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), a bacterial second messenger. Comparison of the SAXS reconstructions with the crystal structures of these two riboswitches demonstrates that the RNAs undergo dramatic ligand-induced global conformational changes. However, this is not an universal feature of riboswitches. SAXS analysis of the solution behavior of several other riboswitch ligand-binding domains demonstrates a broad spectrum of conformational switching behaviors, ranging from the unambiguous switching of the TPP and c-di-GMP riboswitches to complete lack of switching for the flavin mononucleotide (FMN) riboswitch. Moreover, the switching behavior varies between examples of the same riboswitch from different organisms. The range of observed behaviors suggests that in response to the evolutionary need for precise genetic regulation, riboswitches may be tuned to function more as dimmers or rheostats than binary on/off switches.
ProGram : a grammar-based method for specification and hardware synthesis of communication protocols (1999)

A data communication protocol is an agreement between two or more communication parties about the exchange of messages in order to provide some service. The protocol specifies the language used to communicate over the interface between the involved systems. A natural way to specify an interface protocol is in terms of a grammar expressed in the BNF notation and annotated with actions. The vocabulary of messages used to implement the protocol correspond to the grammar rules. The encoding format of each message in the vocabulary corresponds to the token terminals of the grammar. The procedure rules guarding the consistency of message exchanges are also embedded in grammar rules. The service provided by the protocol corresponds to the actions in a grammar. Assumptions about the environment can be viewed as port width and throughput constraints posed to the synthesis process. ProGram is a
Optical temperature measurement configuration for fluorescence-based oxygen sensors (2004)

An optical fiber sensor for the measurement of oxygen in gaseous environments, which is based on the quenching of the fluorescence of a ruthenium complex, is presented. The sensing chemistry is immobilized in a sol-gel based solid matrix that is coated on a tapered optical fiber probe. Oxygen measurement is performed both by phae and fluorescence intensity spectroscopy. Experimental results show that the fluorescence intensity and the lifetime depend both on oxygen and temperature. A scheme for simultaneous determination of the temperature and the oxygen concentration is proposed. Temperature measurement is performed using the excitation radiation and an absorption long pass filter. Preliminary results are presented which show a temperature measurement independent of oxygen and of optical power level.
High-Efficiency and Low-Cost Hybrid Nanomaterial as Enhancing Electrocatalyst:  Spongelike Au/Pt Core/Shell Nanomaterial with Hollow Cavity (2007)

A high-efficiency and low-cost spongelike Au/Pt core/shell electrocatalyst with hollow cavity has been facilely obtained via a simple two-step wet chemical process. Hollow gold nanospheres were first synthesized via a modified galvanic replacement reaction between Co nanoparticles in situ produced and HAuCl4. The as-prepared gold hollow spheres were employed as seeds to further grow spongelike Pt shell. It is found that the surface of this hybrid nanomaterial owns many Pt nanospikes, which form a spongelike nanostructure. All experimental data including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and UV−vis-near-infrared spectroscopy have been employed to characterize the obtained Au/Pt hybrid nanomaterial. The rapid development of fuel cell has inspired us to investigate the electrocatalytic properties for dioxygen and methanol of this novel hybrid nanomaterial. Spongelike hybrid nanomaterial mentioned here exhibits much higher catalytic activity for dioxygen reduction and methanol oxidation than the common Pt electrode.
The Transfer Direction of Photogenerated Electrons in BaTiO3/TiO2 and CaTiO3/TiO2 (2018)

BaTiO3/TiO2 and CaTiO3/TiO2 bilayer-type photocatalyst films have been prepared and characterised by X-ray diffraction, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV-vis, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The photodeposition of silver was done to confirm the reduction positions of the titanate/TiO2 films. Silver deposited preferentially on the side of TiO2 for BaTiO3/TiO2 whereas on the side of CaTiO3 for CaTiO3/TiO2. These results imply that the direction of photogenerated electron transfer is coincident with the semiconductor physical principles. Upon exposure to light, electron–hole pairs are generated and subsequently separated by an internal electrostatic field in the titanate–TiO2 heterojunction.
The Computer Emulation-Design and Application for the Double-Stage Separating Cyclone Separator (2009)

This article adopts SIMPLE algorithm, and uses corrected ¿ - ¿ turbulence model and non-staggered grid pressure interpolation method to have numerical value emulation for cyclone separators' flowing field. By studying flowing field property, we proposed optimum separator redesigning plan and have tested it in industry experiment, with practical results excellent.
The heat shock and ethanol stress responses of yeast exhibit extensive similarity and functional overlap (1995)

Sublethal heat and ethanol exposure induce essentially identical stress responses in yeast. These responses are characterized by the induction of heat shock proteins, proteins requiring a temperature above about 35 degrees C or ethanol levels above a threshold level of 4-6% (v/v) for strong induction. One induced protein, Hsp104, contributes to both thermotolerance and ethanol tolerance, while others are anti-oxidant enzymes. Heat and ethanol stress cause similar changes to plasma membrane protein composition, reducing the levels of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase protein and inducing the plasma membrane-associated Hsp30. Both stresses also stimulate the activity of the fraction of H(+)-ATPase remaining in the plasma membrane. The resulting enhancement to catalysed proton efflux from the cell represents a considerable energy demand, yet may help to counteract the adverse effects for homeostasis of the increased membrane permeability that results from stress.
DREDGED MATERIAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS FOR INLAND DISPOSAL AND/OR PRODUCTIVE USE CONCEPTS (1978)

The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate transportation systems applicable for the movement of dredged material inland. As such, this report is intended to provide generalized data which can be utilized in evaluating the economic potential of inland disposal alternatives for specific applications across the country. In this regard, considerable detail from both a technical and economic point of view is provided to allow the users of this report to apply the information presented herein to their particular situations. Where a given application requires modification in a specific transportation concept and/or an alteration in specific cost elements, the level of detail in this report should facilitate any such required changes.
Effects of Harsh Electromagnetic Environment on Inertial Measurement Unit of a Flight Vehicle (2007)

Verifying output pulse errors and upsets of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) in harsh electromagnetic environment (EME) is a key issue for inertial navigation and guidance system accurately measuring attitude angular rates and apparent accelerations of flight vehicle. This paper deals with an amount of laboratory tests on the IMU in a harsh EME, and performs a statistical analysis with the measured data to characterize the degree of EME effects on the IMU upsets and assess how the effects of the EME on the variations of the output pulses number from IMU sensors or inertial instruments such as gyroscopes and accelerometers.
Personal position measurement using dead reckoning (2004)

This paper compares position measurement techniquesusing dead reckoning. We are seeking to find a techniquewhich is suitable for use by pedestrians, and have compareda number of sensors that can be used to achieve a robustand accurate dead reckoning system. All our techniquesare step based. To measure steps we have compared the useof pedometers and accelerometers. To determine headingwe have compared two and three dimensional compassesand a rate gyroscope. Finally we have performed four casestudies based on real applications with standard deviationmeasured at 2.2m for a short test and 19.9m for an extendedtest. These errors can be reduced by using more computationallyexpensive filtering operations.
연구논문 : 봄 , 가을 멸치액젓의 숙성 중 성분변화의 차이 (2001)

재래식 방법으로 봄·가을 멸치액젓의 숙성 중의 성분변화의 차이를 조사하기 위하여 동부산수협의 숙성탱크로 부터 1.5∼3개월 간격으로 액젓 원액만을 직접 채취하여 성분변화를 조사하였다. 봄·가을 멸치액젓 모두 총질소 및 아미노산성질소 함량이 숙성기간에 비례하여 증가하였으며, 봄 멸치액젓이 가을 멸치액젓보다 각각 숙성 15.7개월과 17.4개월 전까지는 함량이 높았다가 그 이후에는 함량의 차이가 거의 없었다. ATP 관련물질총량도 숙성초기에 봄 멸치액젓이 가을 멸치액젓보다 높았으며, 숙성기간중에 일정하게 증가하였다. HxR+Hx 함량과 요산량의 교차지점 (봄 멸치액젓 숙성 10.6개월, 가을멸치액젓 숙성 11.5개월)은 가용화율이 77.0%와 74.7%로 높은 분해율을 보이는 지점이었고, 관능적인 맛과 냄새면에서도 좋은 것으로 나타났으며, 봄 멸치액젓의 교차지점이 가을 멸치액젓보다 약 1개월 정도 빠른 것은 숙성온도의 차이 때문으로 판단된다. 원료육의 총아미노산함량은 봄 멸치가 22,238㎎/100g로 가을 멸치의 23,330㎎/100g보다 약간 적은 반면, 18개월간 숙성시킨 유리아미노산 총량은 9,983.3㎎/100 mL로 가을 멸치액젓의 9,070.2㎎/100mL보다 약간 높았다. 유리아미노산 중 glutamic acid는 숙성기간에 따라서 가장 큰 폭으로 증가하여 18개월 후에는 봄 멸치액젓에서 2,100.3㎎/100mL (21.0%), 가을 멸치액젓에서 1,857.8㎎/100mL (20.5%)으로 가장 높았으며, 그 다음이 봄 멸치액젓에서는 alanine (12.6%), aspartic acid (11.9%), valine (6.3%), lysine (6.2%) 순이었고, 가을 멸치액젓에서는 leucine (14.2% ), alanine (14.0% ), lysine (12.2%), isoleucine (8.0%) 등의 순으로 주요 아미노산의 종류와 조성비가 달랐다. 그리고, 봄·가을 멸치액젓 모두 숙성기간에 따라서 색도는 일정하게 증가하였으며, 봄 멸치액젓이 가을 멸치액젓보다 숙성기간을 통하여 그 값이 높았다.
Transfer learning to predict missing ratings via heterogeneous user feedbacks (2011)

Data sparsity due to missing ratings is a major challenge for collaborative filtering (CF) techniques in recommender systems. This is especially true for CF domains where the ratings are expressed numerically. We observe that, while we may lack the information in numerical ratings, we may have more data in the form of binary ratings. This is especially true when users can easily express themselves with their likes and dislikes for certain items. In this paper, we explore how to use the binary preference data expressed in the form of like/dislike to help reduce the impact of data sparsity of more expressive numerical ratings. We do this by transferring the rating knowledge from some auxiliary data source in binary form (that is, likes or dislikes), to a target numerical rating matrix. Our solution is to model both numerical ratings and like/dislike in a principled way, using a novel framework of Transfer by Collective Factorization (TCF). In particular, we construct the shared latent space collectively and learn the data-dependent effect separately. A major advantage of the TCF approach over previous collective matrix factorization (or bifactorization) methods is that we are able to capture the data-dependent effect when sharing the data-independent knowledge, so as to increase the overall quality of knowledge transfer. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of TCF at various sparsity levels as compared to several state-of-the-art methods.
Agonizing Reappraisals: Anthony Eden, John Foster Dulles and the Crisis of European Defence, 1953-54 (2002)

In 1953, the US government threatened to undertake an 'agonizing reappraisal' of its commitment to European security if the rearmament of West Germany through the European Defence Community (EDC) came to nothing. Although many in Europe dismissed the threat as a bluff, the British government, and Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden in particular, took it extremely seriously. In September 1954, following the demise of the EDC, the British broke with long-standing tradition and pledged to retain military forces in Germany at a set level for as long as their European allies so desired. This was Britain's own 'agonizing reappraisal', undertaken at Eden's prompting to neutralise the danger of the United States implementing its own version.
A Mild and Efficient Protocol for the Catalytic Silylation of Aryl Bromides (2000)

New catalyst systems were developed which facilitate palladium-catalyzed silylation of various functionalized aryl and heteroaryl bromides with hexamethyldisilane under unprecedented mild conditions. The use of two different sets of ligands and bases for electron-rich and electron-poor substrates, respectively, is crucial for achieving excellent product selectivities at 100 °C and atmospheric pressure. For electron-rich substrates, diphenyl-2′-pyridylphosphine in combination with K2CO3 gives the best results, whereas for electron-poor substrates, 2-(di-t-butylphosphino)biphenyl/KF is preferred. Even base-sensitive arylsilanes, which are inaccessible by the traditional routes via organolithium species or Grignard reagents, can be prepared in a single step and high yields.
Donepezil (1998)

Donepezil is a highly selective, long-acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which has been approved in numerous countries for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Donepezil increases the levels of acetylcholine in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease and presumably corrects some dysfunction associated with loss of cells in the basal forebrain. Several large-scale multinational clinical studies have demonstrated drug-related improvements in cognitive performance on objective psychometric tests and in ratings by clinicians of patients' function. Further studies will be needed to determine the long-term impact of donepezil on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.
An experimental 4 Mb CMOS EEPROM with a NAND structured cell (2003)

A 5-V-only CMOS 512 K*8 EEPROM (electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory), which achieves 10/sup 4/ cycle endurance using a NAND-structured cell, is discussed. The main features are a programming technique appropriate to the NAND structured cell and a dynamic sense amplifier. The NAND structured cell arranges 8 bits in series, sandwiched between two select transistors. The first transistor ensures selectivity; the second prevents the current from passing during programming operation. The current cell has one select transistor per bit. However, the NAND structure has only two select transistors per 8 bits; therefore it has only 1/4 select transistor and 1/16 contact hole per bit. Thus, the NAND structure can realize a smaller cell area than that of the current cell. For high-speed programming, a page mode is adopted. In read operation, address transition detection circuitry is used to precharge the bit lines and reset the read control circuitry. A summary of design characteristics is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electromagnetic fields: the jury's still out. 2. Societal reverberations (1990)

The debate over setting standards for exposure to power-frequency electromagnetic fields when science has not yet determined what levels, if any, are dangerous is examined. Regulatory agencies, standards bodies and utilities are struggling to make policy in the face of two opposing views: one camp believes the evidence of health effects is enough to warrant precautionary action to limit exposure, while the other insists that research must present proof of a harmful effect before practical limits (i.e. limits that can be achieved at a reasonable cost to society) can be determined. Burgeoning litigation over high-voltage transmission lines is making the task of providing power increasingly difficult for the utilities. Almost all utilities provide field measurements to customers upon request, and many have programs for characterizing magnetic fields in various environments. The IEEE's standards activity, which is the focus of voluntary efforts to establish EM (electromagnetic) fields standards in the United States is discussed, as well as national electric and magnetic field exposure standards for ELF (extremely low frequency) fields that have already been adopted by some countries. Some solutions for transmission lines, and the technological and economic factors entailed, are explored. The debate over the risk of electrical appliances is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microtubule-damaging drugs triggered bcl2 phosphorylation-requirement of phosphorylation on both serine-70 and serine-87 residues of bcl2 protein. (1998)

Specifically anti-microtubule agents such as taxol, vincristine, vinblastine and dolastatin can trigger Bcl2 phosphorylation at G2-M phase of the cell cycle in malignant cells derived from a variety of human cancers. In this study, the status of Bcl2 phosphorylation was investigated in response to more antimicrotubule agents such as colchicine, colcemid or podophyllotoxin. Although these agents are not currently used for cancer therapy, they were able to trigger Bcl2 phosphorylation with simultaneous apoptosis in cancer cells. Previously, by using extensive site-directed mutagenesis studies we determined that mutation of serine-70 to alanine could not completely abrogate taxol induced Bcl2 phosphorylation. Studies reported here clearly indicate that serine-87 residue along with serine-70 of Bcl2 protein are necessary for microtubule damaging drug induced phosphorylation.