gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Coarse Grained Variable-Complexity Approach to MDO for HSCT Design. (1995)

A parallel variable-complexity modeling approach, permitting the efficient use of emerging parallel computing in multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) technology, is presented for the particular instance of High Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) design. Simple analyses are used to limit the approximation domain in the design space. Points are selected within the approximation domain by a genetic algorithm based on the D-optimality criterion. At the selected points, a refined analysis is performed. The optimization code is composed of a sequence of analysis cycles between aerodynamic and structural calculations. A coarse grained parallelization of the aerodynamic code is presented. 1 Introduction The design of modern aerospace vehicles involves multidisciplinary interactions and presents a formidable challenge to the designer in a competitive marketplace. Multidisciplinary optimization (MDO) technology is a major tool for addressing this need, but its current use in the design process is li...
Fracture network versus single fractures: Measurement of fracture geometry with X-ray tomography (1999)

Several long-standing questions concerning fluid transport in fractured rock involve the geometrical properties of the connected void space within a fracture network. We present experimental results that compare the geometrical properties of a fracture network to those of the individual fractures in the network. To image and quantify the aperture distribution of natural fracture networks in coal, a Wood's metal injection method is combined with X-ray computerized tomography and image analysis. We find that the aperture distribution of the networks is spatially anisotropic and dependent on the number and geometry of the individual fractures. Void area in the individual fractures ranged between 45%–58%. A three-dimensional auto-correlation analysis on the fracture network and a two-dimensional analysis on the individual fractures found that the apertures were correlated over distances of 10 mm to 20 mm in the direction of flow.
Experimental study of lift-enhancing tabs on a two-element airfoil (1995)

The results of a wind-tunnel test are presented for a two-dimensional NASA 63(sub 2)-215 Mod B airfoil with a 30% chord single-slotted flap. The use of lift-enhancing tabs (similar to Gurney flaps) on the lower surface near the trailing edge of both elements was investigated on four nap configurations. A combination of vortex generators on the flap and lift-enhancing tabs was also investigated. Measurements of surface-pressure distributions and wake profiles were used to determine the aerodynamic performance of each configuration. By reducing flow separation on the flap, a lift-enhancing tab at the main-element trailing edge increased the maximum lift by 10.3% for the 42-deg flap case. The tab had a lesser effect at a moderate flap deflection (32 deg) and adversely affected the performance at the smallest flap deflection (22 deg). A tab located near the flap trailing edge produced an additional lift increment for all flap deflections. The application of vortex generators to the flap eliminated lift-curve hysteresis and reduced flow separation on two configurations with large flap deflections (greater than 40 deg). A maximum-lift coefficient of 3.32 (17% above the optimum baseline) was achieved with the combination of lift-enhancing tabs on both elements and vortex generators on the flap.
MARKED PROLONGATION OF SKIN HOMOGRAFT SURVIVAL WITH NIRIDAZOLE (1975)

Niridazole, a nitroheterocyclic drug used to treat helminth infections is reported for the first time to suppress cell-mediated immunity, as ascertained by multiple in vivo assays. Skin homograft survival time was significantly prolonged in mice, without loss of animals due to drug toxicity.
Mcph1-Deficient Mice Reveal a Role for MCPH1 in Otitis Media (2013)

Otitis media is a common reason for hearing loss, especially in children. Otitis media is a multifactorial disease and environmental factors, anatomic dysmorphology and genetic predisposition can all contribute to its pathogenesis. However, the reasons for the variable susceptibility to otitis media are elusive. MCPH1 mutations cause primary microcephaly in humans. So far, no hearing impairment has been reported either in the MCPH1 patients or mouse models with Mcph1 deficiency. In this study, Mcph1-deficient (Mcph1(tm1a) (/tm1a) ) mice were produced using embryonic stem cells with a targeted mutation by the Sanger Institute's Mouse Genetics Project. Auditory brainstem response measurements revealed that Mcph1(tm1a) (/tm1a) mice had mild to moderate hearing impairment with around 70% penetrance. We found otitis media with effusion in the hearing-impaired Mcph1(tm1a) (/tm1a) mice by anatomic and histological examinations. Expression of Mcph1 in the epithelial cells of middle ear cavities supported its involvement in the development of otitis media. Other defects of Mcph1(tm1a) (/tm1a) mice included small skull sizes, increased micronuclei in red blood cells, increased B cells and ocular abnormalities. These findings not only recapitulated the defects found in other Mcph1-deficient mice or MCPH1 patients, but also revealed an unexpected phenotype, otitis media with hearing impairment, which suggests Mcph1 is a new gene underlying genetic predisposition to otitis media.
Concurrent Subspace Optimization Using Design Variable Sharing in a Distributed Computing Environment (1996)

This paper reviews recent implementation advances and modifications in the continued development of a Concurrent Subspace Op timization (CSSO) algorithm for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) The CSSO MDO algorithm implemented in this research incor porates a Coordination Procedure of System Approximation (CP-SA) for design updates This study also details the use of a new discipline based decomposition strategy which provides for design variable sharing across discipline design regimes (i e subspaces) A graphical user interface is developed which provides for menu driven execution of MDO algorithms and results display this new programming environment highlights the modularity of the CSSO algorithm The algorithm is implemented in a distributed computing environment using the graphical user interface providing for truly concurrent discipline design Implementation studies introduce two new multidisciplinary design test problems the optimal design of a high performance, low cost structural system and the preliminary sizing of a general aviation aircraft concept for optimal perfor mance Significant time savings are observed when using distributed computing for concurrent design across disciplines The use of design vari able sharing across disciplines does not introduce any difficulties in implementation as the design update in the CSSO MDO algorithm is gener ated in the CP-SA Application of the CSSO algorithm results in a considerable decrease in the number of system analyses required for optimization in both test problems More importantly for the fully coupled aircraft concept sizing problem a significant reduction in the number of individual contributing analyses is observed
Competition Alters Temporal Dynamics of Sporulation in the Wheat Stem Rust Fungus (1999)

Abstract To investigate the effects of competition on the timing of pathogen reproduction, urediniospores of two strains of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (SR22 and SR41) were inoculated onto leaves of wheat seedlings singly and in 1 : 1 mixture at three inoculum densities. On randomly sampled leaves, uredinia were counted 9 days after inoculation and urediniospores were collected and quantified every other day from the seventh to the 29th day after inoculation. Increases in inoculum density resulted in progressively smaller increases in uredinial numbers. However, total urediniospore production per leaf was not significantly affected by inoculum, and hence uredinial, density over a range of approximately 10‐300 uredinia on the leaf. Total urediniospore production per uredinium generally decreased with increasing inoculum or uredinial density. At high densities, sporulation per uredinium peaked earlier in the sporulation period, had a less distinct peak, and dropped off earlier than for the lower densities. Logistic model fits to cumulative sporulation curves over time revealed that strain SR41 had a greater epidemic rate parameter (r) than SR22 at low and intermediate inoculum or uredinial densities, while SR22 had a higher r‐value than SR41 at high density. Both strains also exhibited greater r‐values in the presence of the other strain than when alone. Results suggest that strains may have different ecological strategies in their timing of reproduction, and that both intra‐ and interstrain competition can have complex effects on the temporal dynamics of sporulation in pathogen strains.
Characterization of mucous cell synthetic functions in a new primary canine gastric mucous cell culture system (1990)

Mucin is a critical component of the protective layer secreted by gastrointestinal mucous cells. A detailed understanding of the molecular processing of gastric mucin and the physiology of its secretion has been limited by the lack of an adequate model for their study. We have developed a primary culture system of canine gastric mucous cells that has permitted us to study their synthetic and secretory functions. It was found that [3H]glucosamine used for metabolic labeling studies was incorporated into both mucin and lipid components of gastric mucus. To measure mucin with this model, a new immunoassay was developed to quantitate canine gastric mucin. Mucin was purified from the canine stomach, a polyclonal antibody was generated, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for gastric mucin was established. Mast cells were frequent contaminants of the gastric mucous cell preparation, and two methods were developed to limit their contamination. A new culture system has been developed for the study of gastric mucous cells. These cells synthesize and secrete both mucin and phospholipids. This system will permit us to study the molecular processing of mucin and the physiology of its production and release.
Complete <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, and <sup>15</sup>N NMR resonance assignments and secondary structure of human glutaredoxin in the fully reduced form (1997)

Human glutaredoxin is a member of the glutaredoxin family, which is characterized by a glutathione binding site and a redox-active dithiol/disulfide in the active site. Unlike Escherichia coli glutaredoxin-1, this protein has additional cysteine residues that have been suggested to play a regulatory role in its activity. Human glutaredoxin (106 amino acid residues, M(r) = 12,000) has been purified from a pET expression vector with both uniform 15N labeling and 13C/15N double labeling. The combination of three-dimensional 15N-edited TOCSY, 15N-edited NOESY, HNCA, HN(CO)CA, and gradient sensitivity-enhanced HNCACB and HNCO spectra were used to obtain sequential assignments for residues 2-106 of the protein. The gradient-enhanced version of the HCCH-TOCSY pulse sequence and HCCH-COSY were used to obtain side chain 1H and 13C assignments. The secondary structural elements in the reduced protein were identified based on NOE information, amide proton exchange data, and chemical shift index data. Human glutaredoxin contains five helices extending approximately from residues 4-10, 24-36, 53-64, 83-92, and 94-104. The secondary structure also shows four beta-strands comprised of residues 15-19, 43-48, 71-75, 78-80, which form a beta-sheet almost identical to that found in E. coli glutaredoxin-1. Complete 1H, 13C, and 15N assignments and the secondary structure of fully reduced human glutaredoxin are presented. Comparison to the structures of other glutaredoxins is presented and differences in the secondary structure elements are discussed.
P (1989)

Pl phage. Temperate tailed phage (MYOVIRIDAE) which does not integrate into the host chromosome. Instead the PROPHAGE resembles a plasmid and replicates autonomously at a low number of copies per cell.
On-line approaches for provisioning connections of different bandwidth granularities in WDM mesh networks (2002)

Summary form only given. We consider an arbitrary-topology, optical mesh network which employs wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to multiply the bandwidth on its links. Our present work is devoted to the dynamic traffic-grooming problem where connection requests (of different bandwidth granularities) arrive randomly, they need to be provisioned in real time, and to be torn down when they are over. To solve this problem, we first present five different grooming policies, e.g., whether or not to use one or more existing lightpaths to accommodate a new connection, when to set up a new lightpath, and so on. Then, we propose two distributed route-computation algorithms based on these grooming policies. Performance comparisons of these algorithms are provided for a representative example network.
A Large Image Database for Color Constancy Research (2003)

We present a study on various statistics relevant to research on color constancy. Many of these analyses could not have been done before simply because a large database for color constancy was not available. Our image database consists of approximately 11,000 images in which the RGB color of the ambient illuminant in each scene is measured. To build such a large database we used a novel set-up consisting of a digital video camera with a neutral gray sphere attached to the camera so that the sphere always appears in the field of view. Using a gray sphere instead of the standard gray card facilitates measurement of the variation in illumination as a function of incident angle. The study focuses on the analysis of the distribution of various illuminants in the natural scenes and the correlation between the rg-chromaticity of colors recorded by the camera and the rg-chromaticity of the ambient illuminant. We also investigate the possibility of improving the performance of the naïve Gray World algorithm by considering a sequence of consecutive frames instead of a single image. The set of images is publicly available and can also be used as a database for testing color constancy algorithms.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THYMUS AND MARROW INJURY IN URETHAN LEUKEMOGENESIS. (1964)

Summary Urethan at a dose level of 1 mg/gm body weight caused histologic damage and reduction of thymus weight in mice of strain C57BL. Thymic injury was only slightly less severe in 30- to 60-day-old mice than in 1- to 20-day-old mice. Urethan also produced bone marrow injury in mice of this strain, expressed as a loss of the capacity to promote thymic regeneration in irradiated test mice, which was age-dependent, occurring in donors 30 days of age or less, but not in donors 2½–3 months old. Urethan-treated marrow from young donors was also significantly less effective than normal marrow in inhibiting lymphoma development in irradiated isologous hosts. It is concluded that the age-dependent capacity of urethan to act as a complete leukemogen is paralleled and presumably explained by the age-limited character of the marrow injury which it produces. Urethan leukemogenesis thus closely resembles radiation leukemogenesis in mice of strain C57BL with respect to the important role of concomitant injury to two tissues, the thymus and the bone marrow.
Heat transfer surface augmentation for zeotropic mixture alternatives to HCFC refrigerants. Final report (1997)

No abstract available.
Quantifying Catalyst Losses in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Vehicle detection from aerial imagery (2011)

Vehicle detection from aerial images is becoming an increasingly important research topic in surveillance, traffic monitoring and military applications. The system described in this paper focuses on vehicle detection in rural environments and its applications to oil and gas pipeline threat detection. Automatic vehicle detection by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) will replace current pipeline patrol services that rely on pilot visual inspection of the pipeline from low altitude high risk flights that are often restricted by weather conditions. Our research compares a set of feature extraction methods applied for this specific task and four classification techniques. The best system achieves an average 85% vehicle detection rate and 1800 false alarms per flight hour over a large variety of areas including vegetation, rural roads and buildings, lakes and rivers collected during several day time illuminations and seasonal changes over one year.
Diagnostic accuracy of automated occlusion detection in CT angiography using e-CTA (2021)

The performance of e-CTA in detecting any large vessel occlusions is comparable to less experienced physicians but is similar to experienced physicians for detecting proximal large vessel occlusions.
Evanescent Waveguide Absorption Spectroscopy of Trace Gases (2012)

We demonstrate the detection of water vapor adsorbed into a sorbent polymer layer coated onto highly evanescent SiN rib waveguides by measuring the change in absorption as a function of wavelength, polarization, and analyte concentration.
The Aluminium Fuel Tank, a Lightweight Solution (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A major objective of the European car manufacturers is to reduce the fuel consumption and CO2-emissions of passenger cars by 25% by the year 2008. As the fuel consumption is strongly related to the weight of the car, realisation of this objective will be achieved by long term weight reduction programmes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The European fuel tank market consists of around 14 Million units in cars, of which approximately 70% contain HDPE (High Density Poly Ethylene) fuel tanks, 17% leaded (Terne) steel, 3% aluminised steel and the remainder miscellaneous such as electro-coated Zn-Ni, galvannealed, hot-dipped tin or multi - layers with new substrates.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The future legal regulations for fuel tanks will be dictated by the latest CARB (Californian Air Resources Board) specification LEV II (Low Emission Vehicle II). The main demand is the reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emission for the total car from 2 down to 0.5 g / day in 2004. This demand appears doubtful for plastics, but is feasible for metal tanks.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Next to the barrier technology and low permeability of the material, other demands are; good recyclability (80% of the vehicle must be recycled by the year 2005), low weight (reduction of CO2), noise, and no toxic metals (terne) by the year 2005.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">All these factors favour aluminium as the raw material for manufacturing the fuel tanks of passenger cars. The fuel tank constructions are often very complex in shape because of the residual space left in the designed car, and therefore tend to be made of plastics due to their good formability. New and break through forming processes now make it possible to use aluminium in applications even with very complex shapes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Although hybrid vehicles and fuel cell technology are making rapid progress, fossil fuels will continue to be used as the primary source of power certainly for the beginning of this new century.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper highlights some of the latest technologies and recent product requirements in fuel tanks with respect to the environmental demands, manufacturability and costs.</div>
Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Tin and Tin Oxide (SnO <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> , <i>x</i> = 0–2) Particles (2004)

Nanocrystalline SnO x particles ( x = 0–2) were synthesized using tetramethyltin (Sn(CH 3 ) 4 ) vapor as the particle precursor reactant in hydrogen/oxygen/argon (H 2 /O 2 /Ar) flames. The particle composition and morphology were characterized using X‐ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen (N 2 ) surface adsorption. By controlling the concentration of oxygen in the reactant gases and the flame temperatures, metallic tin (Sn), tin monoxide (romarchite SnO), and/or tin dioxide (cassiterite SnO 2 ) were generated. The crystalline powders consisted of both discrete primary particles and agglomerates, with average primary particle sizes of 23–24 nm for SnO 2 and 69 nm for Sn (based on specific surface area measurements of bulk powders collected in the exhaust region of the flame). The compositional results were interpreted using equilibrium and detailed chemical kinetics models.
The agriculture bill's bountiful harvest: legislation boosts payments to Fifth District farmers (2003)

Agriculture; Farm produce; Federal Reserve District, 5th
Spinach Chloroplast cpn21 Co-chaperonin Possesses Two Functional Domains Fused Together in a Toroidal Structure and Exhibits Nucleotide-dependent Binding to Plastid Chaperonin 60 (1995)

Chloroplasts contain a 21-kDa co-chaperonin polypeptide (cpn21) formed by two GroES-like domains fused together in tandem. Expression of a double-domain spinach cpn21 in Escherichia coli groES mutant strains supports growth of bacteriophages lambda and T5, and will also suppress a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype of a groES619 strain. Each domain of cpn21 expressed separately can function independently to support bacteriophage lambda growth, and the N-terminal domain will additionally suppress the temperature-sensitive growth phenotype. These results indicate that chloroplast cpn21 has two functional domains, either of which can interact with GroEL in vivo to facilitate bacteriophage morphogenesis. Purified spinach cpn21 has a ring-like toroidal structure and forms a stable complex with E. coli GroEL in the presence of ADP and is functionally interchangeable with bacterial GroES in the chaperonin-facilitated refolding of denatured ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Cpn21 also inhibits the ATPase activity of GroEL. Cpn21 binds with similar efficiency to both the alpha and beta subunits of spinach cpn60 in the presence of adenine nucleotides, with ATP being more effective than ADP. The tandemly fused domains of cpn21 evolved early and are present in a wide range of photosynthetic eukaryotes examined, indicating a high degree of conservation of this structure in chloroplasts.
Analysis of Back Injuries in Construction (1993)

It has been found that back injuries represent one of the largest segments of worker injuries in the U.S. Only the common cold accounts for more lost work days. It impacts not only the health of individuals, it is also a huge economic burden to the industry due to medical cost, benefits, lost productivity, and absenteeism. However, the complexity and its cumulative nature make this injury difficult to understand, much less to propose preventive steps based on scientific analyses. This paper provides an overview of regulations and prevention methods used today. The major part of the paper presents a detailed discussion of possible causes of back injuries in construction. Statistical data from insurance companies, the Construction Safety Association of Ontario, and a national survey is used to pinpoint critical tasks and motions, as well as common catalysts of this type of injury. In addition, sectors of the industry that indicate a higher occurrence of injuries involving the back are being identified. Based on these findings, a technological approach to the problem of back injuries seems to be the only viable process to improve the situation. It is felt that, due to the special characteristics of this industry, a concentrated and industry‐specific effort is needed to reduce the hazards and risks of injuring the human spine.
Panic Disorder, Interstitial Cystitis, and Mast Cells (2004)

Departments of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Internal Medicine, Biochemistry and Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA. Address correspondence and reprint requests to Theoharis C. Theoharides, PhD, MD, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111. E-mail:[email protected].