gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Selective Laser Sintering for Titanium Powder (2006)

This paper investigates the characteristic of single-layered and multi-layered compacts made by selective laser sintering using blended bimodal titanium powders. The surface texture and tensile strength were investigated by using single-layered compact. There were few defects in the surface of specimen sintered in vacuum, and the roughness was smoother than that of specimen sintered in argon. Maximum tensile strength of single-layered compact sintered in vacuum was about 200 MPa. The shrinkage and mechanical strength were investigated by using multi-layered compact. There was a unique tendency in the shrinkage of multi-layered compacts, which the density was around 76% and the adhesive bonding was not observed between layers, resulted in 70 MPa of maximum bending strength and 50 MPa of maximum tensile strength.
Modeling and Performance Assessment of a Millimeter-Wave CVD Film-Graphene Based Antenna (2021)

Abstract The transfer of graphene onto dielectric substrates to form an antenna needs to be performed with care, as tears and cracks may appear on the samples transferred improperly. This paper studies a detailed method in estimating the performance of a millimeter-wave (MMW) antenna built using commercially-available graphene layers. In contrast to the widely studied monolayer graphene, the proposed antenna is produced based on the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique, which is to be secured onto the antenna substrate via adhesive material without removal of the transition metal substrate from the graphene layer sample. The antenna performance modeled using this technique indicated quite similar results to a model using ideal monolayer graphene in terms of gain, radiated power and radiation efficiency. Its performance benchmarked against a copper antenna operating at the same MMW frequency also indicated similar performance improvements as with another antenna designed using monolayer graphene.
Polyethylene Quality Affects Revision Knee Liner Exchange Survivorship (2011)

The survival rates of isolated polyethylene exchange for wear or osteolysis are similar to those of a single-component or full revision when the components are well aligned and well fixed. Polyethylene sterilization influenced revision TKA survivorship in this study and should be reported in future studies.
Hidden Markov mesh random field models in image analysis (1993)

This paper addresses the image modeling problem under the assumption that images can be represented by third-order, hidden Markov mesh random field models. The range of applications of the techniques described hereafter comprises the restoration of binary images, the modeling and compression of image data, as well as the segmentation of gray-level or multi-spectral images, and image sequences under the short-range motion hypothesis. We outline coherent approaches to both the problems of image modeling (pixel labeling) and estimation of model parameters (learning). We derive a real-time labeling algorithm-based on a maximum, marginal a posteriori probability criterion-for a hidden third-order Markov mesh random field model. Our algorithm achieves minimum time and space complexities simultaneously, and we describe what we believe to be the most appropriate data structures to implement it. Critical aspects of the computer simulation of a real-time implementation are discussed, down to the computer code level. We develop an (unsupervised) learning technique by which the model parameters can be estimated without ground truth information. We lay bare the conditions under which our approach can be made time-adaptive in order to be able to cope with short-range motion in dynamic image sequences. We present extensive experimental results for both static and dynamic images from a wide variety of sources. They comprise standard, infra-red and aerial images, as well as a sequence of ultrasound images of a fetus and a series of frames from a motion picture sequence. These experiments demonstrate that the method is subjectively relevant to the problems of image restoration, segmentation and modeling.
A SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle/Nanobelt and Si Heterojunction Light-Emitting Diode (2010)

Single-crystalline zero-dimensional tin dioxide (SnO2) nanoparticles and one-dimensional SnO2 nanobelts were synthesized on silicon (Si) substrates with different seed layer coatings by simple vapor-phase transport method. The crystal structure and morphology of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman scattering spectroscopy. Both geometrically different nanostructures were further employed to fabricate the light-emitting diodes and showed dominant red and green emission bands at room temperature, which were ascribed to the deep defect states in SnO2. However, SnO2-nanobelts-based light-emitting diodes showed another violet emission peaking at ca. 400 nm which was attributed to the shallow defect state related to the surface states/defects. The different emission performance between nanoparticle and nanobelts devices was attributed to the larger surface-to-volume ratio of the nanobelts, which was confirmed by the Raman and photoluminescence analysis. A thin SiO2 intermediate layer was found to be crucial in achieving light emission from a n-SnO2/p-Si heterojunction with large valence band offset (ca. 2.96 eV), by which sufficient potential-energy difference can be maintained between SnO2 and Si, thus facilitating the tunneling injection of holes.
Regulation of <i>spvR</i> gene expression of <i>Salmonella</i> virulence plasmid pKDSC50 in <i>Salmonella choleraesuis</i> serovar Choleraesuis (1994)

The expression regulation of spvR, a regulatory gene on the virulence plasmid (pKDSC50) of Salmonella choleraesuis serovar Choleraesuis, was investigated by spvR-lacZ translational fusion. The spvR gene was found to be positively regulated by its own product, the SpvR protein, and this unusual positive autoregulation was repressed by the products of spvA and spvB, virulence-associated genes present downstream from the spvR gene. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the amino-terminal region of SpvB had homology with the CatM repressor protein of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, which belongs to the MetR/LysR protein family. On the other hand, the sigma factor RpoS was required for expression of the spvR gene in the stationary phase of bacterial growth. The SpvR protein was also necessary for self-activation, suggesting that an RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing RpoS requires SpvR protein in order to recognize the spvR promoter.
Studies on the preparation and properties of particle boards made from bagasse and PVC. I: Effects of operating conditions (1990)

Abstract Under study were the mechanical properties of particle boards comprised of ground sugarcane bagasse, PVC, and poly{methylene (polyphenyl isocyanate)} [PMPPIC]. The effects of different parameters, e.g. mixing temperature, molding conditions ‐ platen temperature, time and pressure, particle size of bagasse, concentration of PVC and PMPPIC, as well as dilution of PMPPIC, on the mechanical properties of the resulting particle boards were also investigated. In general, the properties of particle boards change with the variation of mixing and molding conditions. A mixing temperature of 175°C and molding conditions [platen temperature, 190°C; time, 10 min; and pressure, 3.8 MPa] were believed to be optimal conditions of compounding particle boards. Both the mechanical properties and the density of particle boards of bagasse with a mesh size of 60, improved up to 20 weight % of PVC and 10 weight % of PMPPIC.
Critical thickness of heavily boron-doped silicon-germanium alloys (2006)

In this work, the effect of boron concentration on the critical thickness of heavily boron doped Si1−xGex alloys (Si1−x−yGexBy) has been studied using Raman spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that while boron decreases the stored strain energy, it can substantially increase the critical thickness for a given Ge concentration. The Si1−x−yGexBy critical thickness was calculated using two different models based on energy balance and kinetic considerations. The results show that the kinetic model provides a good estimate for the Si1−x−yGexBy critical thickness.
Protein Tertiary Structure Modeling (2001)

Insights into the 3D-structure of a protein have proven useful during experiment design. Experimentally elucidated structures are often not available, but comparative protein modeling provides a viable alternative in many cases. This unit presents comparative protein modeling and how to use the highly sophisticated but easy-to-use free software available on the Internet.
Specific heat of cubic relaxor ferroelectrics (2004)

The specific heat has been measured for the relaxor ferroelectrics PbMg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and PbMg<sub>1/3</sub>Ta <sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and the low-dielectric-constant material BaMg <sub>1/3</sub>Ta<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> over a temperature range of 2-420 K. The behaviours of the specific heat for PbMg<sub>1/3</sub>Ta <sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and BaMg<sub>1/3</sub>Ta<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> crystals have been qualitatively compared. A large excess of specific heat of PbMg<sub>1/3</sub>Ta<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> over that of BaMg <sub>1/3</sub>Ta<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has been revealed. The behaviour of the low-temperature specific heat of PbMg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> has been analysed in the frameworks of the shell model, Debye model, Einstein oscillator, two-level systems approach, and fractal approach. The excess of the specific heat of PbMg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>O<sub>3</sub> over the harmonic phonon contribution has been estimated, and its possible origin is discussed.
Photodissociation of semiconductor positive cluster ions (1988)

Laser photofragmentation of Si, Ge, and GaAs positive cluster ions prepared by laser vaporization and supersonic beam expansion has been investigated using tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Si clusters up to size 80, Ge clusters to size 40, and GaAs clusters up to a total of 31 atoms were studied. Si+n and Ge+n for n=12–26 give daughter ions of about half their original size. For both Si and Ge, this apparent positive ion fissioning appears to go over with increasing n to neutral loss of seven and ten, but for Si+n the range of n values where this is observed is rather small. At low fluences, the larger Ge+n clusters up to the maximum size observed (50) sequentially lose Ge10 (and in some cases with lower intensity Ge7). Larger Si+n clusters (n&gt;30) always fragment primarily to produce positive ion clusters in the 6–11 size range with a subsidiary channel of loss of a single Si atom. At high laser fluences, Ge+n also fragments to produce primarily positive ion clusters in the 6–11 size range with an intensity pattern essentially identical to Si+n at similar fluences. GaxAs+y clusters lose one or more atoms in what is probably a sequential process with positive ion clusters in which the total number of atoms, x+y, is odd being more prominent.
Single-, Double- and Triple-Electron Capture Cross Sections for Multicharged Slow Carbon Ions in H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>and CO<sub>2</sub>Molecules (1995)

Cross sections have been measured for single, double and triple electron capture by C q + ( q =1–4) ions from H 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 3 H 8 and CO 2 molecules in the energy range of (1–20) q keV. The cross sections obtained here exhibit little dependence on the incident energy. Compared with the previous scaling laws, the present cross sections revealed a much stronger dependence on the first ionization potential of the molecules. For hydrocarbon molecules including H 2 all the cross sections show a remarkable linearity on the number of compositeatoms. The single electron capture cross sections σ q , q -1 are compared with the classical over barrier model and with the Olson model which was slighty modified so as to be applied to the molecular targets.
The effects of animations on verbal interaction in computer supported collaborative learning (2008)

Abstract This paper focuses on the interaction patterns of learners studying in pairs who were provided with multimedia learning material. In a previous article, we reported that learning scores were higher for dyads of an ‘animations’ condition than for dyads of a ‘static pictures’ condition. Results also showed that offering a persistent display of one snapshot of each animated sequence hindered collaborative learning. In the present paper, further analyses of verbal interactions within learning dyads were performed in order to have a better understanding of both the beneficial effect of animations and the detrimental effect of the presence of persistent snapshots of critical steps on collaborative learning. Results did not show any differences in terms of verbal categories between the two versions of the instructional material, that is, static versus animated pictures. Pairs who were provided with persistent snapshots of the multimedia sequences produced fewer utterances compared to participants without the snapshots. In addition, the persistent snapshots were detrimental both in terms of providing information about the learning content and in terms of producing utterances solely for the purpose of managing the interaction. In this study, evidence also showed that these two verbal categories were positively related to learning performances. Finally, mediation analyses revealed that the negative effect of persistent snapshots was mediated by the fact that peers of the snapshots condition produced less information providing and interaction management utterances. Results are interpreted using a psycholinguistic framework applied to computer‐supported collaborative learning (CSCL) literature and general guidelines are derived for the use of dynamic material and persistency tools in the design of CSCL environments.
A Diagnostic Assistance Program (1966)

A doctor must determine the specific diseases in a patient by judgment based on observation of any availble number of findings. Such, diagnoses can be assisted materially by computers through statistical analysis. Far more than statistics is involved; the mass of information in textbooks and in the minds of specialists is at .the heart of a successful diagnosis. Diagnostic assistance can be obtained by encoding the disease process itself. Then, all available known signs and symptoms of a disease and related conditions as observed by the physician are encoded for entry into a computer. Here the data is evaluated, and an output report is printed to show the effective relationship between the physician’s findings and the specific diseases.. When the result is inconclusive, new findings are obtained and entered into the computer. This process is repeated until satisfactory results axe obtained. The paper includes an example of diagnostic support by a computer, together with an illustration of the method used for developing the program.
Einleitung (1976)

ZusammenfassungDie aktuelle Aufgabe der Reduktion der Eisenerze unterhalb der Sintertemperatur zur Gewinnung von sogenanntem Eisenschwamm hat trotz umfangreicher Vorschläge in der Patentliteratur und im sonstigen Schrifttum zu relativ wenigen industriell verwerteten Lösungen geführt. Eine der wichtigen Lösungen geht von der Verwendung von Reduktionsgasen aus, die durch Umsetzung sowohl gasförmiger und flüssiger Kohlenwasserstoffe als auch fossiler fester Brennstoffe hergestellt werden.
The Instrumentation and Sea Trials of a Hydrofield 20 Target Boat Hull. (1978)

At the requests of the Directorate of Naval Ship Design, Aeronautical Resarch Laboratories (ARL) instrumented a six metre fibre glass target boat and recorded the output signals from pressure transducers, strain gauges and accelerometers during both calm water and rough water trials. This report details the instrumentation fitted to the hull, the problems encountered during the trials and the results from the tests. (Author)
Microinjection of FITC-dextran into mouse blastomeres to assess topical effects of zona photoablation (1993)

Summary The objective of the current experiments was to investigate whether all or only some blastomeres from precompacted mouse embryos were affected by zona photoablation. The microbeam of xenon chloride excimer laser (308 nm) was guided through an inverted microscope (non-contact system). Topical effects of lasing were determined by microinjection of a vital fluorescent dye of high molecular weight (fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC] dextran) into the cell immediately adjacent to the site of zona photoablation. This dye is only passed onto daughter blastomeres and therefore allows study of specific cell lines. Embryonic growth was assessed following cell separation at the morula and blastocyst stage. Four-cell embryos treated with the laser had significantly fewer cells 12 h after zona photoablation than control embryos. A similar effect was noted after 24 h between dye injected embryos and those injected and lased simultaneously, indicating potential toxic effects of the laser treatment on the embryo. Effects on the blastomere closest to the site of ablation were evaluated by calculating the ratio of dyed cells to the total number of cells at specific time intervals. The ratios were similar in the dye and laser + dye groups of treated 4-cell embryos 36 h after treatment (0.22 and 0.23, respectively), indicating that the dye was still present in approximately 25% of the cells and that the negative effect of photoablation was evenly distributed among the blastomeres. It is concluded that zona photoablation may have long-term detrimental effects of a non-topical nature on precompacted mouse embryos in spite of the apparent precision of the laser spot size.
Sensitization of Naphthalene Monomer Phosphorescence in a Sandwich Adduct with an Electron-Poor Trinuclear Silver(I) Pyrazolate Complex (2009)

Facial complexation of naphthalene to {[3,5-(CF(3))(2)Pz]Ag}(3) (Ag(3)) gives rise to a stacked binary adduct (1) that exhibits phosphorescence corresponding to T(1) monomer emission of naphthalene. Crystals and powders of 1 exhibit bright-green phosphorescence at room temperature with a 830 mus lifetime, whereas cooling to cryogenic temperatures increases the intensity, lifetime, and vibronic resolution. The binary adduct exhibits a drastically shorter phosphorescence lifetime of 6.7 ms versus free naphthalene (2.4 s) in a frozen dichloromethane matrix, which results from the external heavy-atom effect of silver. Adduct 1 represents a new class of phosphors containing lighter but more benign silver than mercury atoms in trinuclear d(10) pi-acid complexes as arene triplet sensitizers.
Context-sensitive analysis of obfuscated x86 executables (2010)

A method for context-sensitive analysis of binaries that may have obfuscated procedure call and return operations is presented. Such binaries may use operators to directly manipulate stack instead of using native call and ret instructions to achieve equivalent behavior. Since definition of context-sensitivity and algorithms for context-sensitive analysis have thus far been based on the specific semantics associated to procedure call and return operations, classic interprocedural analyses cannot be used reliably for analyzing programs in which these operations cannot be discerned. A new notion of context-sensitivity is introduced that is based on the state of the stack at any instruction. While changes in `calling'-context are associated with transfer of control, and hence can be reasoned in terms of paths in an interprocedural control flow graph (ICFG), the same is not true of changes in 'stack'-context. An abstract interpretation based framework is developed to reason about stack-contexts and to derive analogues of call-strings based methods for the context-sensitive analysis using stack-context. The method presented is used to create a context-sensitive version of Venable et al.'s algorithm for detecting obfuscated calls. Experimental results show that the context-sensitive version of the algorithm generates more precise results and is also computationally more efficient than its context-insensitive counterpart.
Cycletrees: Flexible Interconnection Graphs for Parallel Computing (1995)

Natural cycletrees, formally defined in this report, is a subclass of Hamiltonian graphs with maximum degree 3 that contain a binary spanning tree. A natural cycletree used as an interconnection network thus supports directly broadcasting through the binary tree as well as nearest-neighbour communication through the cycle. Natural cycletrees have several other interesting properties, e.g., they are planar, easily extensible and can be contracted using the same methods as for binary trees. The two main results of the paper are: (i) Given an arbitrary basic binary spanning tree, there exists a natural cycletree with a minimal number of edges. (ii) Given a set of vertices, we present an algorithm for constructing a natural cycletree such that it has a minimal number of edges, its binary spanning tree has the minimal total path length and its structure satisfies a given abstract specification. For example, if we wish to construct a natural cycletree connecting k processing elements, we co...
Increased training in an aversively motivated task attenuates the memory-impairing effects of posttraining N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced amygdala lesions. (1992)

This study was designed to examine the effect of variations in the amount of preoperative training on the retention deficit produced by posttraining lesions of the amygdaloid complex (AC). Rats received 1, 10, or 20 training trials in a footshock-motivated escape task 7 days before receiving N-methyl-D-aspartate lesions of the AC. Inhibitory avoidance retention performance, which was measured 4 days postoperatively, indicated that increased training improved retention in AC-lesioned animals as well as in control animals. The retention performance of AC-lesioned animals was impaired when compared with that of controls; however, the impairment was partially attenuated by increased preoperative training. The finding that AC-lesioned animals displayed greater locomotor activity on the retention test compared with nonlesioned controls suggests that the increased activity may have contributed to the impaired inhibitory avoidance retention performance. Two days after the retention test, some of the AC-lesioned animals were subsequently trained on a continuous multiple-trial inhibitory avoidance response in the same apparatus. AC lesions did not block acquisition or retention of the task. These findings suggest that the amygdala may not be a critical site for the permanent changes mediating stimulus-affect associations based on extensive training.
[Acromegaly and colorectal proliferations]. (1987)

Hypersomatotropism causes not only the typical acromegalic symptoms but also very often a splanchnomegaly with participation of the enteron. We performed a colonoscopy in 16 patients with a persistent active acromegaly in spite of full used therapy possibilities. Only in four cases (25%) we could find a polyp. They were distributed on the colon transversum (one), descendens (one) and sigmoideum (two). Three of them (histology: tubular adenoma) had a diameter of less than 5 mm. Only one adenoma had an extent of 3.5 x 3 x 2.5 cm (histology: tubular-villous adenoma). Not any polyp showed signs of malignity. There existed no relations between the coloscopic findings, the degree of activity and the duration of illness. Localisation, histology, frequency and age distribution of the found out polyps of our patients were in the range of real frequency of the occurrence of colorectalic neoplasms. We conclude: Acromegaly is correlated not more than accidentally with colorectalic neoplasms (benign, malignant). Therefore preventive medical examinations of acromegalic patients are not rich in meaning.