gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ruminal microbiology, biotechnology, and ruminant nutrition: progress and problems (1994)

Present methods for manipulating ruminal fermentation that involve microbial biotechnology include dietary ionophores, antibiotics, and microbial feed additives. Developments in recombinant DNA technology mean that future methods will have a much wider scope. It has been suggested that genetically engineered ruminal microorganisms will be used in future to improve ruminal fermentation. Several technical objectives must be achieved before that will be possible. First, methods for inserting foreign or modified genes into ruminal microorganisms and ensuring their efficient expression must be developed. Broad host range plasmids and transposons have been used successfully to introduce new DNA into ruminal bacteria, as have shuttle vectors constructed as chimeras of plasmids from ruminal species and Escherichia coli. Although so far only antibiotic resistance markers have been transferred, the prospects for introducing other genes into selected ruminal bacteria are excellent. Second, the expression of the gene product(s) should be known to be nutritionally useful in vivo. A few examples of this type of benefit have been demonstrated, and many more proposed, including polysaccharidases for improving fiber digestion, methods for improving the amino acid composition of ruminal bacteria, and breakdown of plant toxins. Third, the difficulty that has been examined least, yet may prove most difficult to overcome, is that mechanisms have to be found for introducing and maintaining the new strain in the mixed ruminal population. Factors governing the survival of new strains in vivo are ill-understood, and attempts to select in favor of added new organisms have so far been unsuccessful. Because of the last obstacle, it may be advantageous, at least in the short term, to use nonruminal organisms, such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, rather than indigenous ruminal species as a vehicle for implementing the benefits of recombinant DNA technology to ruminal fermentation. Yeast is already in widespread use as a feed additive, so no enrichment is necessary; and its genetics are already well known. Alternatively, adding particular enzymes to the diet may achieve some of the objectives described above, with the advantage that the manipulation could be achieved without the release of a recombinant microorganism.
Complementation Patterns of Thy-1 Variants and Evidence That Antigen Loss Variants “Pre-Exist” in the Parental Population 2 (1974)

Journal Article Complementation Patterns of Thy-1 Variants and Evidence That Antigen Loss Variants “Pre-Exist” in the Parental Population Get access Robert Hyman, Robert Hyman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Valerie Stallings Valerie Stallings Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 52, Issue 2, February 1974, Pages 429–436, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/52.2.429 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 22 June 1973 Accepted: 01 October 1973 Published: 01 February 1974
FUZZY NEURAL NETWORKS (1998)

Since the development of computer technology, methods have been developed and investigated to mimic the processes of the human brain. The human brain is a collection of billions of neurons interconnected with each other. Interconnected neurons are modeled with artificial neural networks (ANNs or NNs). Neural networks, mathematically speaking, are a system of linked parallel equations that are solved simultaneously and iteratively. Initial research can be found in papers by McCulloch-Pitts (1943), Hebb (1949), Rosenblatt (1958), Minsky-Papert (1969), and Hopfield (1982). Since 1982, research into neural networks has exploded and the use of neural networks to solve complex nonlinear problems has expanded (from pattem recognition to actual learning to playing games). Many different neural network architectures (the feedforward network, CMAC, Hopfield network, Kohonen network) have been developed to aid in the solution of these problems. In this paper, we are interested in the feedforward network.
Transient Suppression of the Humoral Immune Response Mediated by a Factor Derived from Specifically Activated, Doubly Primed Lymphoid Cells (1977)

In cultures of sheep erythrocyte- (SRBC) stimulated spleen cells from mice immunized with tetanus toxoid (TT) and horse erythrocytes (HRBC) 30 to 90 days earlier, the addition of both HRBC (day 0) and TT (day 2) resulted in significant suppression of the anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) response compared to the response of similar cultures maintained without the priming antigens. The observed inhibition was due to the presence of a soluble factor that was released into the supernatant fluid of the specifically stimulated, primed population of lymphoid cells between 72 and 120 hr after culture initiation. The active mediator, a macromolecule of approximately 24,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration over Sephadex G-150 and Ultrogel AcA 44, was suppressive when added within 24 hr, but not 48 hr, of assay for PFC against the reference SRBC antigen. The transiently acting soluble suppressor (TASS) was not overtly cytotoxic since total cell recovery and viability were unaffected in its presence. The results presented here are discussed in relation to a possible mechanism of action in which the negative regulation of immunoglobulin production is favored once a minimum level of immune reactivity is reached.
Driving Single Cell Proteomics Forward with Innovation (2021)

Current single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) methods can quantify thousands of peptides per single cell while detecting peptide-like features that may support the quantification of 10-fold more peptides. This 10-fold gain might be attained by innovations in data acquisition and interpretation even while using existing instrumentation. This perspective discusses possible directions for such innovations with the aim to stimulate community efforts for increasing the coverage and quantitative accuracy of single proteomics while simultaneously decreasing missing data. Parallel improvements in instrumentation, sample preparation, and peptide separation will afford additional gains. Together, these synergistic routes for innovation project a rapid growth in the capabilities of MS based single-cell protein analysis. These gains will directly empower applications of single-cell proteomics to biomedical research.
A Functional-Phylogenetic Classification System for Transmembrane Solute Transporters (2000)

A comprehensive classification system for transmembrane molecular transporters has been developed and recently approved by the transport panel of the nomenclature committee of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. This system is based on (i) transporter class and subclass (mode of transport and energy coupling mechanism), (ii) protein phylogenetic family and subfamily, and (iii) substrate specificity. Almost all of the more than 250 identified families of transporters include members that function exclusively in transport. Channels (115 families), secondary active transporters (uniporters, symporters, and antiporters) (78 families), primary active transporters (23 families), group translocators (6 families), and transport proteins of ill-defined function or of unknown mechanism (51 families) constitute distinct categories. Transport mode and energy coupling prove to be relatively immutable characteristics and therefore provide primary bases for classification. Phylogenetic grouping reflects structure, function, mechanism, and often substrate specificity and therefore provides a reliable secondary basis for classification. Substrate specificity and polarity of transport prove to be more readily altered during evolutionary history and therefore provide a tertiary basis for classification. With very few exceptions, a phylogenetic family of transporters includes members that function by a single transport mode and energy coupling mechanism, although a variety of substrates may be transported, sometimes with either inwardly or outwardly directed polarity. In this review, I provide cross-referencing of well-characterized constituent transporters according to (i) transport mode, (ii) energy coupling mechanism, (iii) phylogenetic grouping, and (iv) substrates transported. The structural features and distribution of recognized family members throughout the living world are also evaluated. The tabulations should facilitate familial and functional assignments of newly sequenced transport proteins that will result from future genome sequencing projects.
Identification of Glucosyl Sphingosine from Gaucher's Spleen by Gas Chromatography-Electron Impact and GC-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1976)

Glucosyl sphingosine was isolated from the spleen of a patient with adult-type Gaucher's disease. The yield of purified glucosyl sphingosine was 9.3 nmoles/g wet tissue. The gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrum of acetylated glucosyl sphingosine showed peaks due to the presence of ions formed by successive loss of acetic acid (mass 60) from the molecular ion (QM+, 714). Fragments from acetylated sugar, m/e 331, and from the sphingosine residue, m/e 306, were also detected. The GC-CI mass spectrum of the trimethylsilyl derivative of glucosyl sphingosine showed peaks due to the molecular ion (QM+, 822), ions from the sugar moiety (m/e 361, 271), and ions from the sphingosine base (m/e 264, 280). Fragmentation analysis of the purified sample by GC-EI and GC-CI mass spectrometry confirmed the structure glucopyranosyl(1 leads to 1)-1,3-dihydroxy-2-amino-4-octadecene.
Luminescent Platinum Complexes with Terdentate Ligands Forming 6-Membered Chelate Rings: Advantageous and Deleterious Effects in N<sup>∧</sup>N<sup>∧</sup>N and N<sup>∧</sup>C<sup>∧</sup>N-Coordinated Complexes (2009)

Platinum(II) complexes of the form [PtL(n)Cl](+) are reported, containing the N--N--N-coordinating ligands 2,6-di(8-quinolyl)pyridine (L(1)), 2,6-di(8-quinolyl)-4-methoxypyridine (L(2)), or 2,6-di(7-aza-indolyl)-pyridine (L(3)). Metathesis of the chloride co-ligand in [PtL(1)Cl](+) can be accomplished under mild conditions, as exemplified by the formation of the complexes [PtL(1)OMe](+) and [PtL(1)(C[triple bond]C-tfp)](+), in which L(1) remains bound as a terdentate ligand {HC[triple bond]C-tfp = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenylacetylene}. An N--C--N-coordinated, cyclometalated analogue of [PtL(1)Cl](+) has also been prepared, namely, PtL(4)Cl where HL(4) is 1,3-di(8-quinolyl)benzene. The common feature among the six new complexes described here is that they contain 6-membered chelate rings, rather than the usual 5-membered rings that form when more common N--N--N ligands, such as 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine (tpy), bind to Pt(II). All the quinolyl-based complexes are phosphorescent in solution at room temperature, with quantum yields up to 4%. This contrasts with the well-established lack of emission from [Pt(tpy)Cl](+) under these conditions. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the improvement may stem, at least in part, from the relief of ring strain associated with the larger chelate ring size, leading to a more optimal bite angle at the metal, close to 180 degrees , and hence to a stronger ligand field. Consideration of the luminescence parameters, including data at 77 K, together with absorption and electrochemical data and the results of TD-DFT calculations, suggests that the lowest-lying singlet states have metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) character, but that the triplet state from which emission occurs has more predominant ligand-centered character. The azaindolyl complex [PtL(3)Cl](+) is not emissive at room temperature, apparently owing to a particularly small radiative rate constant. The cyclometalated complex PtL(4)Cl emits at lower energy than [PtL(1)Cl](+) but, in this case, the luminescence quantum yield is inferior to related complexes with 5-membered chelate rings.
Mosaicplasty for the Treatment of Articular Cartilage Defects: Application in Clinical Practice (1998)

This article describes a one-step operative technique for the treatment of circumscript cartilage defects of weight-bearing surfaces of the knee. Since 1992, a total of 227 patients were treated using this technique for full-thickness lesions resulting from chondropathy, traumatic chondral defects, and osteochondritis dissecans; the procedure was evaluated in 57 patients who had > 3 years of follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography arthrographies, ultrasound, and arthroscopy were used to evaluate the technique. Using the modified Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee scoring system, 91% of the patients achieved a good or excellent result. The operative technique, clinical results, and complications are detailed.
Torque characteristic analysis and measurement of axial flux-type non-contact permanent magnet device with Halbach array based on 3D analytical method (2017)

This paper addresses the torque characteristic analysis of an axial flux-type non-contact permanent magnet device with a Halbach magnet array using a 3D analytical method based on transfer relations. We obtain the magnetic field distribution due to the permanent magnet. The magnetic torque is derived from the magnetic field using a Maxwell stress tensor. The analytical results are validated extensively by comparison with 3D finite element analysis. Therefore, we derive an accurate analytical solution to reduce the analysis time, and we present an experimental verification using a manufactured model.
Uncanny Valley of Life - The Existence in 3D Animation in Shadow Puppets Theatre (2016)

Mori (1970) proposed a theoretical graph describing a nonlinear relation between a character’s degree of human likeness and the emotional response of the human perceiver. With the current scenario that Wayang Kulit or shadow puppets is slowly being extinct; the pursuit of realism in virtual humans including Wayang Kulit 3D puppets can cause a phenomenon known as The “Uncanny Valley”. Furthermore, 3D computer animated or virtual puppets are more focused on issues pertaining to realism compared to the abstract visual such as Wayang Kulit itself. Therefore, this research will discuss on issues which arises in the Uncanny Valley of Life that exists especially with Wayang Kulit 3D computer animated puppet characters.
Application Guide for Thermal Desorption Systems (1998)

This guide is intended to provide the Remediation Project Manager with guidance on implementing the use of thermal desorption systems at remedial action sites. The technology is referred to as either Low Temperature Thermal Desorption or High Temperature Thermal Desorption, depending on the treatment temperature achieved, although the breakpoint between the two is not well defined. The Application Guide presents a brief overview of various thermal desorption systems currently popular in the industry, their applicability to various types of contaminants and a summary of the design and performance characteristics that might be expected. In addition, typical unit rate treatment costs for these systems are provided along with guidelines for estimating project costs, and a description of various contracting strategies and considerations. The utilization of thermal desorption involves its compliance with various State and Federal regulations, and many of these are summarized in the Application Guide. Nonetheless, the acceptance of thermal desorption as a viable treatment technology, as an alterative to incineration, is typically made on a project-by-project basis.
Skin surface patterns of xerotic legs: the flexural and accretive types (2001)

The dry skin appearance of the legs is a common complaint in winter. We studied such a condition using a multi-pronged approach combining video recording under ultraviolet light, cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping and squamometry X. Two main distinct patterns of alteration of the skin surface were identified. Flexural xerosis corresponded to cracking in parallel primary lines of the stratum corneum. Accretive xerosis referred to hyperkeratosis of the plateaux delineated by the criss-cross pattern of the skin surface creases. Two distinct commercially available formulations aiming to treat dry skin yielded almost similar efficacy. For both products, flexural xerosis responded more rapidly than accretive xerosis.
Strategic parameter-driven routing models for multidestination traffic in telecommunication networks (2001)

We present mathematical models that determine the optimal parameters for strategically routing multidestination traffic in an end-to-end network setting. Multidestination traffic refers to a traffic type that can be routed to any one of a multiple number of destinations. A growing number of communication services is based on multidestination routing. In this parameter-driven approach, a multidestination call is routed to one of the candidate destination nodes in accordance with predetermined decision parameters associated with each candidate node. We present three different approaches: (1) a link utilization (LU) approach, (2) a network cost (NC) approach, and (3) a combined parametric (CP) approach. The LU approach provides the solution that would result in an optimally balanced link utilization, whereas the NC approach provides the least expensive way to route traffic to destinations. The CP approach, on the other hand, provides multiple solutions that help leverage link utilization and cost. The LU approach has in fact been implemented by a long distance carrier resulting in a considerable efficiency improvement in its international direct services, as summarized.
Thinking outside the box (2008)

In this issue of Neurology ®, Lindblad et al.1 report the potential breadth of application of a new National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) program intended to make clinical research more efficient. The authors have analyzed the clinical research studies currently funded by NINDS and conclude that up to 40% could be conducted within a research network comprised of interested community neurologists and neurosurgeons, the Clinical Research Collaboration (CRC).

The reality is that despite NINDS’s successes,2 it takes a long time for a fundable idea to reach general application. A practical goal of the CRC network is to compress the time needed to bring new therapy ideas to application by shortening the time spent in preliminary safety and dose finding studies as well as pivotal randomized efficacy trials. Speeding processes will save money and allow more clinical research to be funded. Further, the network will enable observational and trial …
Catalytic Cracking Deposition of Methyldiethoxysilane for Modification of Zeolitic Pores in MFI/α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Zeolite Membrane with H<sup>+</sup> Ion Exchange Pretreatment (2013)

Catalytic cracking deposition (CCD) of methyldiethoxysilane (MDES) can be used to tune the zeolitic pores over MFI zeolite membranes for H2/CO2 separation. CCD of MDES over MFI zeolite was investigated to reveal the catalytic cracking behavior of silane. The cracking products were found to be strongly influenced by cracking temperature and acid sites. The increases of temperature and acid sites were beneficial to CCD of MDES in the zeolitic pores, which could effectively reduce the pore size of zeolite. H+ ion exchange on MFI zeolite membranes has been adopted to increase acid sites in the membrane layer. The membranes were further modified by on-stream CCD of MDES to improve H2 selectivity. The achieved H2 selectivity over ion-exchanged membranes was much higher than that for MFI zeolite membranes without ion exchange. Typically, an ion-exchanged membrane after CCD modification possessed an H2/CO2 separation factor of 42.6 and H2 permeance of 2.82 × 10–7 mol/m2·s·Pa at 500 °C.
Validation of a Decision Regret Scale (2003)

The scale is a useful indicator of health care decision regret at a given point in time.
Model Predictive Two-Target Current Control for OW-PMSM (2020)

Open-winding permanent magnet synchronous machine (OW-PMSM) could obtain the higher bus voltage utilization and more robustness against the component damage and faults. However, the additional torque ripples and total harmonic distortion (THD) caused by zero-sequence current would limit the further applications of OW-PMSM. In this article, a novel model predictive two-target current control (MPTCC) scheme is presented to deal with such problem through model predictive control concept. First, a basic model predictive current control is proposed to deal with the torque production in fundamental components. Then, another modified cost function is proposed to provide more precise voltage vectors in torque production. After that, the deadbeat predictive control concept is proposed to calculate the required voltage vectors in zero-sequence loop. This zero-sequence voltage is injected in the voltage vectors, which are responsible for torque production. It needs to be mentioned that the limitation of inverter is analyzed. And the real-time judgment is proposed to assess the performance of MPTCC in some work conditions. Finally, both simulation and experiments have been both applied to assess the performances of the proposed control scheme. Comparing with those existing q-axis current injection methods and modified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technologies, the proposed control scheme could eliminate the torque ripple and THD at the same time and thus possess the better performances.
An unusual Liénard type nonlinear oscillator with properties of a linear harmonic oscillator (2004)

A Liénard type nonlinear oscillator of the form $\ddot{x}+kx\dot{x}+\frac{k^2}{9}x^3+λ_1 x=0$, which may also be considered as a generalized Emden type equation, is shown to possess unusual nonlinear dynamical properties. It is shown to admit explicit nonisolated periodic orbits of conservative Hamiltonian type for $λ_1>0$. These periodic orbits exhibit the unexpected property that the frequency of oscillations is completely independent of amplitude and continues to remain as that of the linear harmonic oscillator. This is completely contrary to the standard characteristic property of nonlinear oscillators. Interestingly, the system though appears deceptively a dissipative type for $λ_1\leq0$ does admit a conserved Hamiltonian description, where the characteristic decay time is also independent of the amplitude. The results also show that the criterion for conservative Hamiltonian system in terms of divergence of flow function needs to be generalized.
Attenuation-refraction-scattering computed tomographic experimental system with a conventional X-ray tube: System optimization &#x00026; image fusion (2009)

A classic-optics-based grating-based attenuation-refraction-scattering radiographic & computed tomographic experimental system with a conventional X-ray tube has been built to synchronously reconstruct the distributions of the linear attenuation coefficient, refractive index gradient and generalized scattering parameter of a tested sample in only one computed tomographic scanning process. System optimization and a fusion method of three kinds of images are presented to show desirable structures of the sample. Some preliminary experimental results proved that our system can obtain most comprehensive physical characteristics of the sample.