gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resolution of Ambiguities in the Nomenclature of Spiro Ring Systems (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTResolution of Ambiguities in the Nomenclature of Spiro Ring SystemsJ. E. Rush and L. J. WhiteCite this: J. Chem. Doc. 1970, 10, 3, 195–204Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/c160038a009https://doi.org/10.1021/c160038a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α,α′‐Disubstituted Piperidines via Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring Rearrangement. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polymer Stiffness Regulates Multivalent Binding and Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation (2020)

Abstract Multivalent binding is essential to many biological processes because it builds high affinity bonds by using several weak binding interactions simultaneously. Multivalent polymers have shown promise as inhibitors of toxins and other pathogens, and they are important components in the formation of biocondensates. Explaining how structural features of these polymers change their binding and subsequent control of phase separation is critical to designing better pathogen inhibitors and also to understanding diseases associated with membraneless organelles. In this work, we will examine the binding of a multivalent polymer to a small target. This scenario could represent a polymeric inhibitor binding to a toxic protein or RNA binding to an RNA-binding protein in the case of liquid-liquid phase separation. We use simulation and theory to show that flexible random-coil polymers bind more strongly than stiff rod-like polymers and that flexible polymers nucleate condensed phases at lower energies than their rigid analogues. We hope these results will provide insight into the rational design of polymeric inhibitors and improve understanding of membraneless organelles. Statement of Significance Multivalent polymers are essential for many biological systems, including targeting pathogens and controlling the formation of liquid-liquid phase separated biocondensates. Here, we explain how increasing polymer stiffness can reduce multivalent binding affinity to a small target such as a toxic protein and how modulating polymer stiffness can change the phase boundary for liquid-liquid phase separation. These results have implications for designing stronger pathogen inhibitors and provide insights on neurodegenerative diseases associated with abnormal biocondensate formation.
Addition of Si–H and B–H Bonds and Redox Reactivity Involving Low-Coordinate Nitrido–Vanadium Complexes (2015)

In this study we enumerate the reactivity for two molecular vanadium nitrido complexes of [(nacnac)V≡N(X)] formulation [nacnac = (Ar)NC(Me)CHC(Me)(Ar)(-), Ar = 2,6-(CHMe2)2C6H3); X(-) = OAr (1) and N(4-Me-C6H4)2 (Ntolyl2) (2)]. Density functional theory calculations and reactivity studies indicate the nitride motif to have nucleophilic character, but where the nitrogen atom can serve as a conduit for electron transfer, thus allowing the reduction of the vanadium(V) metal ion with concurrent oxidation of the incoming substrate. Silane, H2SiPh2, readily converts the nitride ligand in 1 into a primary silyl-amide functionality with concomitant two-electron reduction at the vanadium center to form the complex [(nacnac)V{N(H)SiHPh2}(OAr)] (3). Likewise, addition of the B-H bond in pinacolborane to the nitride moiety in 2 results in formation of the boryl-amide complex [(nacnac)V{N(H)B(pinacol)}(Ntolyl2)] (4). In addition to spectroscopic data, complexes 3 and 4 were also elucidated structurally by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. One-electron reduction of 1 with 0.5% Na/Hg on a preparative scale allowed for the isolation and structural determination of an asymmetric bimolecular nitride radical anion complex having formula [Na]2[(nacnac)V(N)(OAr)]2 (5), in addition to room-temperature solution X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic studies.
Reversible Phase Transition of Phosphorus Pentoxide (1961)

Measurements of volume change on compression of phosphorus pentoxide showed a reversible phase transition. Pressure-volume curves, obtained by a difference method, showed a marked hysteresis, the forward transition requiring from 1600 to 2700 kg/cm2 greater pressure than the reverse, depending on the temperature. X-ray diffraction studies at high pressure confirmed the findings. The crystal form of the new modification has not yet been determined.
Method for isolating pure bovine gonadotrophs from anterior pituitary using magnetic nanoparticles and anti-gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antibody (2016)

No methods are currently available for rapidly isolating gonadotrophs from the anterior pituitary (AP) in any species. We developed a method for preparing pure bovine gonadotrophs from a heterogeneous AP cell mixture by magnetic separation and our original antibody against the N terminus of bovine gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR). A bovine AP cell mixture was incubated with the anti-GnRHR antibody, anti-dextran antibody-conjugated secondary antibody and dextran-coated magnetic nanoparticles for magnetic isolation. Approximately 5.2 × 10<sup>6</sup> cells were isolated per AP of Japanese Black heifers (26 months of age) and cultured, and confocal microscopy confirmed to be GnRHR- and luteinizing hormone-positive, corresponding to a purity of 100%. Approximately 44.5 µg of total protein was extracted from the pure gonadotrophs per AP.
Inductively coupled plasma-BASIC programmable computer controlled double monochromator for sequential multielement analysis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInductively coupled plasma-BASIC programmable computer controlled double monochromator for sequential multielement analysisJames P. McCarthy, Michael E. Jackson, Thomas H. Ridgway, and Joseph A. CarusoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 9, 1512–1516Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00232a049Request reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (665 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High gain feedback control of direct-drive motor system by a homogeneous ER fluid (2002)

Because a direct-drive (DD) motor system does not use a reduction gear unit, the drive system can be made constructively simple and stiff. However, the disturbance torque directly influences the motor shaft. High gain feedback control is effective for reducing the influence of the disturbance torque. The high servo gain makes the control system vibratory or unstable. Therefore, the servo gain must be low for stability, and the influence of the disturbance become large. In this study, the DD motor system using an electrorheological (ER) fluid damper is discussed. By applying the ER damper to the DD motor system, the gain margin of the system becomes large and the servo gain can become high. Finally, it is shown that the proposed DD motor system is effective in improving the servo gain.
Attenuation of hyperalgesia in a rat model of neuropathic pain after intrathecal pre- or post-treatment with a neurokinin-1 antagonist (2002)

Although many studies have demonstrated a role for substance P in pain, there have been conflicting reports implicating the involvement of substance P in neuropathic pain models. In this study, the non-peptide neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist, L-732,138 was chronically administered by intrathecal (i.t.) injection to rats with mono-neuropathy produced by sciatic nerve constriction. Rats exhibited tactile allodynia and cold hyperalgesia over a 16-day testing period. L-732,138 (5-200 nmol) administered i.t. prior to and for 3 consecutive days post-surgery attenuated the mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia on days 4 and 8 post-surgery. The effects of i.t. L-732,138 were also determined in rats with established nerve injury-induced neuropathy. The NK-1 receptor antagonist was injected for 4 consecutive days starting on day 8 post-sciatic nerve injury. Administration of L-732,138 (5-200 nmol) i.t. produced both anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects on day 12, but the effect was not permanent, as nociceptive thresholds were similar to controls by day 16. These results demonstrate that substance P is involved both in the induction and the maintenance of neuropathic pain and provides justification for the development and administration of substance P antagonists for the management of clinical neuropathic pain.
Species Composition of the Anopheles gambiae Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) at Two Sites in Western Kenya (1991)

At two sites in the Kisumu area of western Kenya, the species composition of the Anopheles gambiae complex was determined by analysis of ovarian polytene chromosomes. Of 1,915 females, 26.1% were An. arabiensis Patton and 73.9% were An. gambiae Giles; one arabiensis × gambiae hybrid was identified. No major differences in the proportions of An. arabiensis and An. gambiae were observed between sites or between years. The ratio of An. arabiensis/An. gambiae was 6.7:1 (n = 231) in cow-baited traps, 0.2:1 (n = 1,525) in indoor resting samples, and 0.5:1 (n = 145) in all-night human bait catches. The proportion of An. arabiensis decreased progressively from 50.0% to 8.3% (n = 1,129) during 11 wk from September to November 1987; this change was correlated negatively with night temperature and positively with temperature range. In cow-baited traps, 97.4% (n = 194) of An. arabiensis were cow-fed and 95.8% (n = 1,054) of An. gambiae from indoor resting collections were human-fed. In indoor collections, 37.2% (n = 215) of An. arabiensis were cow-fed and 23.1% (n = 26) of An. gambiae from cow traps were human-fed. This demonstrates post-blood-feeding endophily by An. arabiensis and suggests post-blood-feeding endophily by An. gambiae. Malaria infection rates were higher for An. gambiae than for An. arabiensis by a ratio of 3:1 in 1986 (by Plasmodium falciparum ELISA) and 2.3:1 in 1987 (by dissection). Despite the higher proportion of infective An. gambiae, both species in this area serve as efficient vectors through their remarkably stable contact with the human population as demonstrated by their blood feeding and resting behavior.
Thermal Reactions of Dipolar Trimethylenemethane Species. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syndrome de Cushing induit par le GIP : expression clinique d'un récepteur ectopique (1993)

Les hyperplasies nodulaires et les tumeurs surrenaliennes avec hypercorticisme independant de l'ACTH pourraient n'etre pas primitives, mais etre dues a l'expression ectopique de recepteurs hormonaux. Trois cas viennent d'etre rapportes d'un hypercorticisme module par l'alimentation, dont deux repondant au GIP (gastric inhibitory polypeptide). Ce syndrome est tres probablement secondaire a l'expression aberrante du recepteur de ce polypeptide intestinal dans les cellules corticosurrenaliennes. Il reste a determiner quels sont la frequence, la diversite, les mecanismes moleculaires et le role de l'expression ectopique de recepteurs hormonaux membranaires dans la physiopathologie des tumeurs issues de cellules endocriniennes ou de toute autre cellule modulee par des hormones
New experiments on shear modulus of elasticity of arteries (1994)

Although the mechanical properties of blood vessels have been studied extensively, the shear modulus of the blood vessel wall is still unknown. New data on the shear modulus of elasticity of rat arteries and its variation with axial stretch and blood pressure are presented. The data were obtained from a new instrument designed and constructed by us to perform simultaneous torsion, inflation, and longitudinal stretching tests. It was found under physiological conditions (pressure = 120 mmHg or 16 kPa; longitudinal stretch = 1.2 relative to zero-stress state), the shear modulus of normal rat thoracic aorta is G = 137 +/- 18 kPa. The difference of shear modulus at body temperature (37 degrees C) and room temperature (25 degrees C) is within 10%. The shear modulus varies significantly with changing longitudinal and circumferential strains in proportion to the strain energy due to these strains. A constitutive equation based on a pseudo strain energy function is proposed. The vessel wall is not transversely isotropic in the incremental sense. When the rat was subjected to high blood pressure due to constriction of its aorta, the shear modulus does not vary significantly with the length of time the animal was subjected to hypertension.
Dislocation-Source Shutdown and the Plastic Behavior of Single-Crystal Micropillars (2008)

Dislocation dynamics simulations have been used to study the stress-strain response of single-crystal micropillars containing initial dislocation networks generated via a relaxation procedure intended to approximate real thermal annealing processes. We find that, when such networks are loaded, they exhibit periods of plastic deformation, caused by the operation of single junction-stabilized spiral sources, followed by intervals of purely elastic straining when the sources shut down. The results provide insight into the mechanisms responsible for the experimentally observed staircase stress-strain behavior.
Intramolecular Excitation Dynamics in a Thermalized Chain. II. Formation of Autolocalized States in a Chain with Free Ends (1988)

Abstract A numerical study of the Davydov soliton dynamics in a thermalized unclosed molecular chain with asymmetric exciton–phonon interaction is carried out. The effect of thermal vibrations in the scope of the quantum‐mechanical model is taken into account. When initiating the excitation at the free end of the chain, the soliton transport is shown to be able to occur at temperatures close to 300 K only. In this case the soliton formation is dependent on which of the end molecules in the chain is excited first.
Laser-Induced Arcing in Cathode Ray Tubes (1982)

Laser-induced arcing in cathode ray tubes has been used to study the effect of spontaneous internal high-voltage arcs under normal operating conditions. Ruby and Nd:YAG laser systems were compared as laser sources for the breakdown. Various arc-suppression schemes for CRT systems were evaluated for future use.
Synthesis and structural, electrochemical and NMR analysis of the [{Pt(PEt<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>]<sup>n</sup>series (n= 0,2 +) and the bicapped triplatinum [{Pt(PEt<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>3</sub>(µ<sub>3</sub>-Te)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>dication: Te–Te bond formation in a cyclo-Pt<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2</sub>core upon a chemically reversible two-electron oxidation (1992)

Room-temperature reactions of three [Pt3(CO)6]n2– dianions (n= 3, 4, 5) with TePEt3 in tetrahydrofuran (containing [AsPh4]+Cl–) give rise to the 32-electron [{Pt(PEt3)2}2(µ2-Te)2]1, the 30-electron [{Pt(PEt3)2}2(µ2-Te2)]2+ dication 2 and the 48-electron [{Pt(PEt3)2}3(µ3-Te)2]2+ dication 3 which were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electrochemical and multinuclear (1H, 13C, 19F, 31P, 195Pt) NMR measurements; a chemical two-electron oxidation of 1, which has a planar cyclo-Pt2Te2 core, quantitatively produces 2 with a highly bent bicyclo-Pt2Te2 core due to the formation of an electron-pair Te–Te bond (which can be reversibly cleaved upon chemical reduction to reconvert 2 into 1).
Inherent-Strain-Based Theory of Measurement of Three-Dimensional Residual Stress Distribution and Its Application to a Welded Joint in a Reactor Vessel (2014)

The stress that exists in a body under no external force is called the inherent stress. The strain that is the cause (source) of this stress is called the inherent strain. This study proposes a general theory of an inherent-strain-based measurement method for the residual stress distributions in arbitrary three-dimensional bodies and applies the method to measure the welding residual stress distribution of a welded joint in a reactor vessel. The inherent-strain-based method is based on the inherent strain and the finite element method. It uses part of the released strains and solves an inverse problem by a least squares method. Thus, the method gives the most probable value and deviation of the residual stress. First, the basic theory is explained in detail, and then a concrete measurement method for a welded joint in a reactor vessel is developed. In the method, the inherent strains are unknowns. In this study, the inherent strain distribution was expressed with an appropriate function, significantly decreasing the number of unknowns. Five types of inherent strain distribution functions were applied to estimate the residual stress distribution of the joint. The applicability of each function was evaluated. The accuracy and reliability of the analyzed results were assessed in terms of the residuals, the unbiased estimate of the error variance, and the welding mechanics. The most suitable function, which yields the most reliable result, was identified. The most reliable residual stress distributions of the joint are shown, indicating the characteristics of distributions with especially large tensile stress that may produce a crack.
<scp>RNA</scp>Interference (<scp>RNAi</scp>) and<scp>Micro</scp><scp>RNAs</scp> (2006)

Abstract In 1990, an experiment designed to alter floral pigmentation in Petunia sowed the seeds of what has since become a major new field of biology. Efforts to understand the mechanisms that underlie double‐stranded RNA‐induced (dsRNA) gene silencing are now bearing fruit of many varieties. It is clear that a conserved biological response to dsRNA, known variously as RNA interference (RNAi) or posttranscriptional gene silencing, mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, such as transposons and RNA viruses, and regulates the expression of protein‐coding genes. In addition, RNAi has been cultivated as a means to experimentally manipulate gene expression. In the near future, the use of RNAi to probe gene function at a whole‐genome scale is likely to yield a rich harvest, not only providing insights into basic biological processes but also the tools to identify more rapidly therapeutic targets for numerous human diseases.
A Comunicação criadora do Evangelho (1975)

O artigo coloca o problema de como uma mensagem renovador – in casu: a mensagem de Deus que em Cristo veio reconciliar o mundo consigo mesmo – pode transformar um sistema ideologicamente fechado.
Validation of Prozone ®: A new video-based performance analysis system (2006)

Prozone® is a new computerised video system that allows the tracking of many individuals performing a sporting activity. The aim of this study was to validate the Prozone® measurement system when measuring displacement velocities on a football pitch. Six male, recreationally active, subjects participated in the study. The subjects performed a series of runs in a straight line and different directions. The following runs were performed and tracked with the Prozone® system: 60m runs, 50m curved runs (30m straight, 20m angled) at different speeds (7 km/h, 11 km/h, 14 km/h, 19 km/h, and 23 km/h), one maximal sprint of 15m and a 20m sprint with a 90 degree turn (10m straight, 10 m left or right) in different zones of the Old Trafford and Reebook Stadiums.The subjects performed the 60m and 50m curved runs at a predetermined pace with an audio velocity control. For the short distances, the subjects were asked to run as fast as possible. For all runs, timing gates data were compared to tracking data measured with Prozone ®.The average velocity recorded by the Prozone ® system during the paced runs of 60m and 50m showed an excellent correlation (r = 0.999; Total error 0.05, Limits of agreement 0.12) with the average velocity measured by timing gates. Similar correlation (r = 0.970; Total error 0.23, Limits of agreement 0.85) was recorded during the maximal 15m sprint and during the maximal 20m sprint with right or left turns (r = 0.960; Total error 0.05, Limits of agreement 0.12). The results of this study show that Prozone® represents a valid motion analysis system for analysing movement patterns of footballers on a football pitch.
Rigorous analysis of light diffraction by a striated muscle fibre (1992)

A rigorous theory describing the diffraction of light by a muscle fibre has been formulated. The basis of this analysis is the rigorous coupled-wave approach of T. K. Gaylord & M. G. Moharam (Proc. IEEE 73, 894 (1985)); however, we obtain here a closed-form analytical result that is both mathematically simple and physically easy to understand. We have compared our results on striated muscle fibres with the analytical results obtained by A. F. Huxley (Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 241, 65 (1990)) using the normal mode approach, and with those obtained by R. A. Thornhill, N. Thomas & N. Berovic (Eur. Biophys. J. 20, 87 (1991)) using a multiwave first-order coupled-wave approximation. For an equivalent set of assigned fibre parameters, our results are consistent with these mentioned. Extension of this analysis to a fibre with different structures showed that the differences in diffraction efficiencies of different orders for a frog skeletal fibre and for an insect flight fibre are clear; the sensitivity to distinct structural organization of the fibre is very good.