gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of chemically vapor deposited nonoxide ceramics (1984)

Plates of chemically-vapor-deposited nonoxide ceramics (Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/, SiC, and B/sub 4/C) up to 3 mm thick with high purity and density were prepared at high deposition rates (>1 mm/h). High-resolution electron microscopy of these materials reveals that there exist no glassy layers or secondary phases at any grain boundaries and multiple-grain junctions. Thus, degradation of strength and toughness is not observed up to 1500/sup 0/C; the strength and toughness of the Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ and SiC increase with increasing temperature above approx. =800/sup 0/ and 1100/sup 0/C, respectively. The effects of preferred orientation, grain size (residual internal stress), and stoichiometry on the mechanical properties were also examined.
Antigiardial activity of the bile salt-like antibiotic sodium fusidate (1986)

Possible antigiardial activity of the bile salt-like antibiotic, sodium fusidate has been investigated during 24 h liquid culture of Giardia lamblia trophozoites and in 4 h microassays for parasite motility inhibition and viability. Sodium fusidate inhibited Giardia growth (ED50 0.2 mM; MIC 0.3 mM) but was considerably less potent than metronidazole (ED50 0.002 mM; MIC 0.05 mM). Sodium fusidate and metronidazole were active inhibitors of parasite motility (ED50 0.9 and 0.3 mM respectively) but were largely without effect in the 4 h viability assay. Sodium fusidate was active at concentrations well below its critical micellar concentration (2.7 mM) suggesting that its effect was not merely related to its membranolytic detergent properties. Its taurine and glycine conjugates were markedly less potent and paradoxically stimulated growth at low concentration. The studies suggest that sodium fusidate does have antigiardial activity and in view of its relative freedom from teratogenic and other toxic effects may be useful in pregnancy when other antigiardial agents are contra-indicated or as an adjunct in combination therapy when other single agents have failed to eradicate infection.
Effects of Alloying Elements on the Properties of Free-cutting Nonleaded Brass (2011)

The studies of free-cutting nonleaded brass were reviewed.The effects of alloying elements on the microstructure and properties were summarized,including processing performance,corrosion resistance,cutting performance and so on.Future developments of free-cutting nonleaded brass were discussed.
Disparities at presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and survival in African American men, affected by prostate cancer (2010)

PCa racial disparity exists at stages of presentation, diagnosis, treatment regimens, and subsequent survival, and the QOL. The disparities are complex involving biological, socio-economic, and socio-cultural determinants. These mounting results highlight an urgent need for future clinical, scientific, and socio-cultural research involving transdisciplinary teams to elucidate the causes for PCa racial disparities.
Evolutionary Dynamics of Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes: Higher Intensities of Purifying Selection than Other Genes (2003)

Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes (hereafter referred to as "cancer genes") result in cancer when they experience substitutions that prevent or distort their normal function. We examined evolutionary pressures acting on cancer genes and other classes of disease-related genes and compared our results to analyses of genes without known association to disease. We compared synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution rates in 3,035 human genes-approximately 10% of the genome-measuring the intensity of purifying selection on 311 human disease genes, including 122 cancer-related genes. Although the genes examined are similar to nondisease genes in product, expression, function, and pathway affiliation, we found intriguing differences in the selective pressures experienced by cancer genes relative to other (noncancer) disease-related and non-disease-related genes. We found a statistically significant increase in the intensity of purifying selection exerted on cancer genes (the average ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitutions, omega, was 0.079) relative to all other disease-related genes groups (omega = 0.101) and non-disease-related genes (omega = 0.100). This difference indicates a striking increase in selection against nonsynonymous substitutions in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. This finding provides insight into the etiology of cancer and the differences between genes involved in cancer and those implicated in other human diseases. Specifically, we found a significant overlap between human oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and "essential genes," human homologs of mouse lethal genes identified by knockout experiments. This insight may improve our ability to identify cancer-related genes and enhances our understanding of the nature of these genes.
First Synthesis of 3-Mercapto-2(1<i>H</i>)-pyridinone, a Simple Disubstituted Pyridine Useful for Synthesis of the 4-Azaphenoxathiine Ring System and Its Novel Diazaphenoxathiine Analogs:  1,6-Diazaphenoxathiine and 2,6-Diazaphenoxathiine<sup>1</sup> (1996)

3-Mercapto-2(1H)-pyridinone (1) can be synthesized in three simple high-yielding steps from readily available 2-tert-butylthiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine (2). Its disodium salt condenses with o-chloronitrobenzene, 2-chloro-3-nitropyridine, and 3-chloro-4-nitropyridine 1-oxide to give respectively 4-azaphenoxathiine (10), 1,6-diazaphenoxathiine (12), and 2,6-diazaphenoxathiine 2-oxide (14) which reduces to 2,6-diazaphenoxathiine (15). The structures of these previously unreported azaphenoxathiine systems were confirmed by assignment of their respective (13)C NMR spectra.
Studies on the Degradation Behavior of Chitosan-g-Poly (acrylic acid) Copolymers (2002)

Graft copolymers of Chitosan and poly(acrylic acid) were synthesized with a redox initiator, cerium ammonium nitrate. After 2 h of reaction at 70 oC, a gel product was obtained. The swelling ratio of the copolymer in water depends on the pH value and has a maximum in the buffer solution at pH 7. This is because the morphological structure of the copolymers in the water changes with the pH values. In addition, the swelling ratio of the copolymer increases with the feeding amount of acrylic acid monomer. The degradation behavior of the copolymers was observed both in a lysozyme solution and an active slurry solution. The degradation rate was higher in the lysozyme solution and depended on the composition of the copolymers.
Spatial distribution of high-frequency electromagnetic energy in human head during MRI: numerical results and measurements (1996)

Finite Element Method (FEM) using 26-node isoparametric finite elements was applied for modeling saddle-shaped head coils used in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) generating linearly polarized radiofrequency (RF) pulses at 64 MHz. The human head was modeled from MR scans of a volunteer and additional information were taken from Atlas of Sectional Human Anatomy. The physical dimensions of the head coil and the head permit a calculation of the outside magnetic field by a quasistatic approach. Of course, a full-wave approach was applied within the head. Values of specific energy--specific absorption (SA)--as well as of specific power--specific absorption rate (SAR)--were calculated by the method, simulating the real exposure conditions during MRI. Although the results of the used numerical method were compared previously to the results of the analytical solution with homogeneous sphere and to the results of RF measurements on heterogeneous phantom, a comparison between the numerical results of the modeled human head and in vivo measurements performed on the human head of the volunteer was made once more. Since the results are in excellent agreement, they argue for the correctness of the numerical method. The "worst-case" temperature elevations delta theta of the "hot-spots" were calculated, as well. Finally, the results of SA, SAR, and delta theta are compared to the existing recommendations.
Tyrosine Kinase Receptors Concentrated in Caveolae-like Domains from Neuronal Plasma Membrane (1997)

Recent evidence suggests that tyrosine kinases are highly organized in caveolae of tissue culture cells. We now report the isolation of a membrane domain from neuronal plasma membranes that has the biochemical characteristics of caveolae. A low density membrane (LDM) fraction with the same density as caveolae was highly enriched in tyrosine kinases such as insulin receptors, neurotrophin receptors, Eph family receptors, and Fyn. Grb2, Ras, heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins, and Erk2 were also concentrated in the LDM. Incubation of the LDM fraction at 37 degrees C stimulated the phosphorylation on tyrosine of multiple, resident proteins, whereas the bulk membrane fraction was devoid of tyrosine kinase activity. The LDM, which makes up approximately 5-10% of the plasma membrane protein, appears to be organized for signal transduction.
Isolation, characterization, and mode of action on Escherichia coli strains of microcin D93 (1986)

Microcin D93 is an antibiotic substance produced by Escherichia coli strains which harbor the 5.5-kilobase plasmid pMccD93. Its production is unaffected by the use of different carbon and ammonia sources, different phosphate concentrations, or mitomycin C. We developed a method for purifying this microcin based on gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. The antibiotic appears to be a small, hydrophilic, basic peptide, active on E. coli and Proteus, Citrobacter, and Pseudomonas species and much more active on recA strains than on their isogenic wild type. Diminution of the rate of DNA biosynthesis without any apparent effect on other macromolecules appears to be a primary effect in the action of microcin D93.
Critical Care Aspects of Lung Transplant Patients (2002)

Major strides have been made in lung transplantation during the 1990s and it has become an established treatment option for patients with advanced lung disease. Due to improvements in organ preserv...
Driving a quantum system with the output field from another driven quantum system (1993)

Quantum Langevin equations and a master equation are derived for a two-atom system in which the first atom is driven by coherent field, and the fluorescent light used to drive a second atom. We show that the light beams from both atoms are antibunched, and that they are mutually anticorrelated.
Effects of Roughness and Compressibility of Flooring on Cow Locomotion (2006)

We examined the effects of roughness and degree of compressibility of flooring on the locomotion of dairy cows. We observed 16 cows walking down specially constructed walkways with materials that differed in surface roughness and degree of compressibility. Use of a commercially available soft rubber flooring material decreased slipping, number of strides, and time to traverse the corridor. These effects were most apparent at difficult sections of the corridor, such as at the start, at a right-angle turn, and across a gutter. Covering the walkway with a thin layer of slurry increased frequency of slipping, number of strides, and time taken to traverse the walkway. Effects of adding slurry were not overcome by increasing surface roughness or compressibility. Placing more compressible materials under a slip-resistant material reduced the time and number of steps needed to traverse the corridor but did not reduce slips, and the effects on cow locomotion varied nonlinearly with the degree of compressibility of the floor. Use of commercially available rubber floors improved cow locomotion compared with concrete floors. However, standard engineering measures of the floor properties may not predict effects of the floor on cow behavior well. Increasing compressibility of the flooring on which cows walk, independently of the roughness of the surface, can improve cow locomotion.
Creating Own Histories: Adolescent Girls in Mumbai’s Bastis-Use of Photography as a Tool of Documentation and Advocacy (2015)

Expressing oneself is a fundamental right as enunciated in many international conventions and national constitutions. Expressing oneself,however, is subject to other factors, namely, one’s access to language, and means and platforms of expression. Marginalised groups have historically been kept away from gaining, as well as creating, knowledge and language. Breaking out of deprivation for marginalised groups requires having a reference framework of their own stories that are accessible to their own people, as well as visible to the rest of the world as legitimate history. As Sheila Rowbotham (1973) says, “in order to create an alternative, an oppressed group must at once shatter the self-reflecting world which encircles it and, at the same time, project its own image onto history.... All revolutionary movements create their own ways of seeing.” (p. 27). This paper seeks to show Vacha’s work with adolescent girls who purport to express themselves and document their perspectives through photography. Girls form one of the most marginalised sections of society, due to age and gender. Girls from deprived backgrounds contend with further disabilities of caste and class. Their perspectives are seldom part of the collective consciousness of their own communities, let alone enter mainstream discourses. Vacha uses photography as a useful tool for deprived girls to express and document their stories. Public exhibitions are used to take these images to a wider audience.
Multicycle-aware At-speed Test Methodology (2013)

Multicycle paths are commonly seen in today's high performance designs with multi-frequency clock domains. Previous methods either treat the multicycle paths as false paths and masking the transition on the paths, or slow down the clocks in order to test the multicycle paths. Both approaches would compromise the at-speed test quality. In this paper, we present an at-speed test methodology to target the faults on the multicycle paths using the same clock scheme as regular faults at the single cycle paths. The methodology takes SDC files which defines all timing exceptions and the clock frequency information and create at-speed pattern set that detects faults on both single and multicycle paths. The approach also handles all of the timing exceptions and constraints defined in SDC to prevent simulation mismatches. The experiment results on couple industrial designs demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methodology to handle complex designs with large timing exception paths.
Reaction of carbanions with N-tosyloxyphthalimide. Formation of 3,3-disubstituted quinoline-2,4-diones (1986)

The reaction of a series of carbanions, including both aromatic anions and enolate anions, with N-tosyloxyphthalimide gave 3,3-disubstituted quinoline-2,4-diones. A multi-step mechanism which involves attack of the carbanion on a carbonyl group, ring opening, Lossen-like rearrangement, intermolecular proton transfer, and ring closure is suggested.
Development of a Water Soluble Foam Packaging Material (1975)

Abstract : The purpose of this program was to investigate the feasibility of developing and reliably reproducing a water soluble foam from hydroxypropyl celluluse resin (Klucel) and to establish product parameters. The program was divided into two phases. In Phase I, the feasibility of extruding the water soluble, thermoplastic resin into a candidate packaging material was successfully demonstrated. Hydroxypropyl cellulose was extruded by conventional means into a loose-fill packaging foam having a compressive stiffness conforming to Federal Specification PPP-C-850, Cushioning Material, Polystyrene Expanded, Resilient, Class 4 (Extra Firm). In Phase II, the loose-fill foam product produced from this resin was tested . Additional investigations conducted on the loose-fill samples were: Effects of long and short term relative humidity exposure; and Solubility and dissolution rates in fresh and salt water. Long term humidity exposure caused the material to deteriorate and lose all foam cushioning properties.
Optimizing Hadoop Block Placement Policy And Cluster Blocks Distribution (2013)

The current Hadoop block placement policy do not fairly and evenly distributes replicas of blocks written to datanodes in a Hadoop cluster. This paper presents a new solution that helps to keep the cluster in a balanced state while an HDFS client is writing data to a file in Hadoop cluster. The solution had been implemented, and test had been conducted to evaluate its contribution to Hadoop distributed file system. It has been found that, the solution has lowered global execution time taken by Hadoop balancer to 22 percent. It also has been found that, Hadoop balancer respectively over replicate 1.75 and 3.3 percent of all re-distributed blocks in the modified and original Hadoop clusters. The feature that keeps the cluster in a balanced state works as a core part to Hadoop system and not just as a utility like traditional balancer. This is one of the significant achievements and uniqueness of the solution developed during the course of this research work.
[Epidemiologic features of heart arrhythmias in automobile drivers]. (2010)

The authors revealed prevalent heart arrhythmias in automobile drivers, caused by occupational features, and significant risk of cardiovascular diseases with heart arrhythmias.
Thermal Corrosion Behavior of NiCoCrAlTaY Coating for a Ni Base Superalloy Prepared by Low Pressure Plasma Spraying (2012)

The low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) method was used to prepare NiCoCrAlTaY bond coating on a nickel base superalloy with the composition(wt, %)of C 0.13-0.22, Cr 8.50-9.50, Co 9.0-11.0, Mo 2.50-3.50, Al 4.80-5.70, Ti 4.10-4.70, Fe ≤1.0, V 0.60-0.90, and Ni in balance. The thermal corrosion tests, including Isothermal and cycle oxidation, were conducted for the specimens of the base alloy and the alloy with coatings. The experimental results showed that the thermal spraying NiCoCrAlTaY bond coating improved the thermal corrosion resistance of the alloy significantly. It has been found that the base alloy had high weight gain of 68.91g/m2 at the test condition of 1100°C for 100hrs, while the weightl gain of the specimens of the alloy with NiCoCrAlTaY bond coating, was only -0.76∼5.72g/m2. And the slight weight loss appeared when the specimen with with NiCoCrAlTaY bond coating was treated for 40hrs at1100°C. The results also showed that the addition of tantalum element in the coating was beneficial for the thermal oxidation resistance. It has been found that after oxidation at 1100°C for 100hrs, the continued Al2O3 film nuderneath the outside layer mixture oxides of Cr, Ni, Al and Co, was formed on the substrate surface after both the isothermal oxidation and cycling oxidation. The coating has a good combination with the nickel base superalloy substrate.
Change Detection in Streaming Multivariate Data Using Likelihood Detectors (2011)

Change detection in streaming data relies on a fast estimation of the probability that the data in two consecutive windows come from different distributions. Choosing the criterion is one of the multitude of questions that need to be addressed when designing a change detection procedure. This paper gives a log-likelihood justification for two well-known criteria for detecting change in streaming multidimensional data: Kullback-Leibler (K-L) distance and Hotelling's T-square test for equal means (H). We propose a semiparametric log-likelihood criterion (SPLL) for change detection. Compared to the existing log-likelihood change detectors, SPLL trades some theoretical rigor for computation simplicity. We examine SPLL together with K-L and H on detecting induced change on 30 real data sets. The criteria were compared using the area under the respective Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). SPLL was found to be on the par with H and better than K-L for the nonnormalized data, and better than both on the normalized data.
Shiatsu acupressure in nursing practice (1988)

Doctoral Candidate Department of Anthropology The New School for Social Research New York, New York
Collact.Me: Conceptual Framework for Extracting Domain-Specific Content from Twitter (2013)

In the last decade, social networks like Facebook and Twitter increasingly became important parts of people's lives. A rapidly growing number of users of these social networks create tremendous amounts of information, such as social text and multimedia feeds. In this context finding specific information and keeping it accessible becomes more and more a challenge. In parallel information filtering, topic modeling and quality has become subject of researchers in the field of social network analysis. Here we introduce Collact. Me, a conceptual framework to extract and classify microblogging content in an automated manner. Domain-specific data from social Twitter streams are collected from which topic models are created. The training data is used to build classifiers that allow computationally efficient multi-label classification. Results are presented and visualized using a novel dot-plot chart, which displays quantities of classified tweets of user-defined topics in a temporal fashion. We applied Collact. Me to selected bioinformatics topics. Our results show that our framework helps users to identify and interpret the level of attention of topics and to understand the relations between different topics as well as indications of emerging patterns. http://collact.me.
Canon PowerShot G10 / G11: From Snapshots to Great Shots (2009)

Now that youve bought the amazing Canon PowerShot G10 or G11, you need a book that goes beyond a tour of the cameras features to show you exactly how to use your camera to take great pictures. With Canon PowerShot G10/G11: From Snapshots to Great Shots, you get the perfect blend of photography instruction and camera reference that will take your images to the next level! Beautifully illustrated with large, vibrant photos from the author and the Flickr community, this book teaches you how to take control of your photography to get the image you want every time you pick up the camera.Follow along with your friendly and knowledgeable guide, Jeff Carlson, and you will: Learn the top ten things you need to know about shooting with the G10 or G11 Use the cameras Automatic modes to get better shots right away Move on to the Creative modes, where you have full control over the look and feel of your images Master the photographic basics of composition, focus, depth of field, and much more Learn all the best tricks and techniques for getting great action shots, landscapes, and portraits Find out how to get great shots in low light Fully grasp all the concepts and techniques as you go, with assignments at the end of every chapterWith Canon PowerShot G10/G11: From Snapshots to Great Shots, youll learn not only what makes a great shot workyoull learn how to get that shot using your G10 or G11.And once youve got the shot, show it off! Join the books Flickr group, share your photos, and discuss how you use your camera to get great shots at flickr.com/groups/canon_g10g11_from_snapshots_ to_greatshots.
Ionic factors in release of 45Ca2+ from chicken cerebral tissue by electromagnetic fields. (1978)

Electrical stimulation with radiofrequency fields amplitude-modulated at brain wave frequencies increased 45Ca2+ efflux from isolated chicken cerebral tissue. The response was not sensitive to variations of the calcium concentration (0-4.16 mM) in the bathing solution but was enhanced by addition of H+ (0.108 mM HCl) and inhibited in the absence of normal bicarbonate levels (2.4 mM). Addition of lanthanum to the bicarbonate-free solution restored electrical responsiveness, but the stimulus decreased instead of increasing 45Ca2+ efflux. It is suggested that low-frequency, weak, extracellular electric gradients may be transduced in a specific class of extracellular negative binding sites normally occupied by Ca2+ and susceptible to competitive H+ binding.