gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Five Years of Irish Freedom. (1928)

Journal Article Five Years of Irish Freedom Get access Five Years of Irish Freedom. By “ Pat.” n.d. [ 1927] (London: H. J. Drane. 8vo. 61 pp. 2s. 6d.) Journal of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Volume 7, Issue 2, March 1928, Page 141, https://doi.org/10.2307/3015577 Published: 01 March 1928
Constructing Force- Closure Grasps (1988)

This paper presents fast and simple algorithms for directly constructing force-closure grasps based on the shape of the grasped object. The synthesis of force-closure grasps finds in dependent regions of contact for the fingertips, such that the motion of the grasped object is totally constrained. A force- closure grasp implies equilibrium grasps exist. In the reverse direction, we show that most nonmarginal equilibrium grasps are force-closure grasps.
Improving Patient Adherence: The Asthma Template (2007)

Despite the availability of effective asthma therapies, asthma remains poorly controlled, causes significant morbidity, and often prompts costly emergency care in children. Many of the adverse consequences of asthma result from the failure of preventive therapy due to poor adherence to treatment. Only approximately 50% of medication is taken as prescribed in children with asthma. Numerous treatment-, patient-, and clinician-related barriers to patient adherence have been described, many of which can be addressed through the development of a partnership between the clinician and the patient and/or the family, effective education, and optimal self-management training. The key elements of asthma self-management include open communication, individualized education, goal setting, establishing and maintaining asthma action plans, and the review, repetition, and reinforcement of key concepts in asthma management. Clinical trials have demonstrated that programs designed to educate patients and teach self-manageme...
Phosphorus(V) Porphyrins with Axial Carbazole-Based Dendritic Substituents (2007)

[structure: see text] Three phosphorus(V) porphyrins with axial carbazole-based dendritic substituents (D-A-D) have been designed and synthesized, which are nonfluorescent due to their effective electron transfer from the carbazole dendron to the excited porphyrin within the dendritic matrix. The incident photon to current conversion efficiencies (IPCE) spectra demonstrate that the molecular structure of the dendrimers can significantly affect the photovoltaic response to the visible light.
浅谈2020年广东中考历史备考策略 (2020)

良好的复习备考策略是迎战中考的重要保证。本文针对2020年新冠肺炎疫情形势下广东初中历史学科中考发生诸多变化的大背景之下，结合自己的教学实践，从分析2020年广东中考改革对历史学科调整带来的新挑战、新冠肺炎疫情对中考复习备考的影响、学生返校复学后的心理危机干预和调适、制定和选择有效的复习方法等方面来对广东历史中考的备考进行了一些探究，以帮助初三学子在疫情之年的复习备考中获取有效的方法进行复习，从而取得理想的成绩。
Pharmacology of the lower urinary tract (2015)

This chapter briefly reviews the principles of nervous control of micturition, and then focuses on the peripheral mechanisms involved in the contraction and relaxation of the bladder and urethra. The normal bladder functions, storage and elimination of urine, are based on a coordinated interplay of reciprocal contraction and relaxation of the bladder and the outflow region. The nervous mechanisms for this control involve a complex pattern of efferent and afferent signaling in parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic nerves. The central nervous mechanisms for the regulation of micturition are not completely known. The normal micturition reflex is mediated by a spinobulbospinal pathway, passing through relay centers in the brain. The peripheral nervous mechanisms for bladder emptying and urine storage involve efferent and afferent signaling in parasympathetic, sympathetic, and somatic nerves.
Voltage Gating of a Model Membrane Spanning Channel (2001)

Channels in cell membranes are important for intercellular communication and especially for the function of the nervous system in higher vertebrates. These channels consist of proteins made from the 20 common amino acids. Channel proteins are embedded into the lipid bilayer membranes of living cells and function by allowing the specific passage of a positively charged material such as sodium or potassium ions across the membrane in response to an external signal. The external signaloeither a chemical signal or a voltageoregulates the opening and closing of channels. In an attempt to understand the voltage-dependent opening of channels (igatingi), we are investigating model membrane-spanning channels whose properties can be regulated by voltage. Our laboratory has developed the only chemically defined model system for which it is currently possible to investigate the structural basis for the voltage gating response at the molecular level. Our iwindowi into the gating process involves deuterium magnetic resonance spectroscopy. We use a small model channel system that we label with deuterium (iheavy hydrogeni) by specific chemical synthesis and then align in liquid-crystalline arrays of hydrated lipid bilayer membranes. The most novel aspect of this research is the ambitious goal of recording magnetic resonance spectra in the presence of a voltage across a stack of oriented, liquid-crystalline membranes. Experiments toward this goal will be described in our article. Accomplishments to date have prepared the way for the voltage-dependent magnetic resonance experiments. To this end, a series of gated and non-gated (control) channel-forming peptides have been designed, synthesized and incorporated into oriented, hydrated lipid/peptides samples. Spectra that define open and closed channel states have been recorded in the absence of a voltage. An important penultimate step has been the successful replacement of the water of hydration by glycerol in preparation for the voltage-dependent spectroscopy.
BX90: A new diamond anvil cell design for X-ray diffraction and optical measurements (2012)

We present a new design of a universal diamond anvil cell, suitable for different kinds of experimental studies under high pressures. Main features of the cell are an ultimate 90-degrees symmetrical axial opening and high stability, making the presented cell design suitable for a whole range of techniques from optical absorption to single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, also in combination with external resistive or double-side laser heating. Three examples of the cell applications are provided: a Brillouin scattering of neon, single-crystal X-ray diffraction of α-Cr(2)O(3), and resistivity measurements on the (Mg(0.60)Fe(0.40))(Si(0.63)Al(0.37))O(3) silicate perovskite.
Integration of distributed healthcare records: publishing legacy data as XML documents compliant with CEN/TC251 ENV13606 (2003)

To support co-operative work among health professionals and institutions it is necessary to share healthcare information about patients in a meaningful way. But, nowadays, in most hospitals health data are distributed across several information systems whose interconnection is difficult to achieve, this leads to the so-called islands of information. This paper briefly describes the architecture, design and implementation of the PANGEA system. PANGEA allows healthcare professionals to access patient information stored in heterogeneous autonomous information systems through a set of formal aggregates of health data based on the European pre-standard of Healthcare Record Architecture ENV13606 from CEN/TC251. ENV13606 is also used as canonical model for the representation of healthcare information, therefore the overall system can also be considered as a system for publishing legacy relational data as XML-Electronic Healthcare Records compliant with ENV13606.
A KNOWLEDGE-BASED APPROACH FOR THE SPECIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF REAL-TIME SOFTWARE SYSTEMS (1992)

FRORL (Frame-and-Rule Oriented Requirements specification Language) was proposed to exploit knowledge representation techniques as an aid in the specification, analysis, and development of a software system. With the real-time software systems as our target systems, the merely mechanisms provided by FRORL cannot meet the specific demands on real-time software systems. As a result, in this paper, we propose RT-FRORL (Real-Time FRORL) as an extension of FRORL. RT-FRORL not only inherits FRORL's basic structure but also includes those language constructs needed to support the specification of real-time systems. The syntax of RT-FRORL is based on frames and production rules. The semantics of RT-FRORL is defined through the integration of first order logic and temporal logic extension. Using RT-FRORL, concurrent and absolute time properties of real-time systems can be easily specified.
Interferon-gamma reverses sepsis-induced immunoparalysis of monocytes in vitro (2010)

It is currently being understood that most of the agents modulating host response in sepsis have failed because they act to refrain an over-exaggerated immune response whereas immunoparalysis takes place on the time of their administration. The effect of IFNγ on immunoparalysis of monocytes in sepsis was assessed.
Über den Schwingungsenergieaustausch zwischen Lumineszenz- zentrum und umgebendem Dielektrikum (1970)

Mit Hilfe der Stepanovschen Beziehung zwischen Absorptions- und Fluoreszenzspektrum wurden die effektiven Temperaturen bei der Anregung von Diphenylanthracen, Dibromanthracen, Dichloranthracen, Rhodamin 6 G und Rhodamin B in verschiedenen Lösungsmitteln bestimmt. Während Diphenylanthracen, Dibromanthracen und Dichloranthracen in flüssigen Lösungen keine Erhöhung der effektiven Temperatur zeigen, trat bei allen fünf Substanzen in festem Polymethylmethacrylat eine solche auf. Die effektiven Temperaturen des Leuchtzentrums betrugen bei Diphenylanthracen 360 °K, Dibromanthracen 364 °K und Dichloranthracen 362 °K, bei einer Lösungsmitteltemperatur von 293 °K. Bei den Rhodaminen (6 G und B) betrugen die entsprechenden Werte 380 °K und 430 ° K gegenüber 298 °K.
Gene identification and DNA sequence analysis in the GC-poor 20 megabase region of human chromosome 21 (1997)

In contrast to the distal half of the long arm of chromosome 21, the proximal half of approximately 20 megabases of DNA, including 21q11-21 bands, is low in GC content, CpG islands, and identified genes. Despite intensive searches, very few genes and cDNAs have been found in this region. Since the 21q11-21 region is associated with certain Down syndrome pathologies like mental retardation, the identification of relevant genes in this region is important. We used a different approach by constructing microdissection libraries specifically for this region and isolating unique sequence microclones for detailed molecular analysis. We found that this region is enriched with middle and low-copy repetitive sequences, and is also heavily methylated. By sequencing and homology analysis, we identified a significant number of genes/cDNAs, most of which appear to belong to gene families. In addition, we used unique sequence microclones in direct screening of cDNA libraries and isolated 12 cDNAs for this region. Thus, although the 21q11-21 region is gene poor, it is not completely devoid of genes/cDNAs. The presence of high proportions of middle and low-copy repetitive sequences in this region may have evolutionary significance in the genome organization and function of this region. Since 21q11-21 is heavily methylated, the expression of genes in this region may be regulated by a delicate balance of methylation and demethylation, and the presence of an additional copy of chromosome 21 may seriously disturb this balance and cause specific Down syndrome anomalies including mental retardation.
A point mutation in the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain of the androgen receptor gene causes complete androgen insensitivity in two siblings with receptor-positive androgen resistance. (1993)

We have analyzed the nucleotide sequence of complementary and genomic DNAs of the human androgen receptor (AR) gene in two siblings (patients 9006 and 9030) with receptor-positive complete androgen insensitivity (Rec(+)-CAI). Northern analysis indicated that mRNA of the AR was normal in size. However, its expression was relatively reduced in both patients. Consistent with the normal androgen-binding capacity (496 and 552 fmol/mg DNA for patients 9006 and 9030, respectively) but decreased DNA-binding ability (168 fmol/mg DNA) measured in genital skin fibroblasts, no mutation was found in both N-terminal and ligand-binding domains of the AR. However, a single base substitution (G-->A) was found in the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain at nucleotide 2372 of the AR cDNA in both cases. This resulted in the replacement of a highly conserved arginine residue (amino acid 614) by a histidine. When the mutated receptor plasmid was cotransfected into PC-3 cells together with the reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, chloramphenicol acetyltransferase activity was not induced by 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone treatment, confirming that the mutation renders the AR nonfunctional and can, therefore, be held responsible for the clinical features in these patients. These results highlight the importance of Arginine-614 in the second zinc finger of the DNA-binding domain of the AR in the protein-DNA interaction.
Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl hexanoate by transesterification (2003)

Abstract Enzymatic synthesis of ethyl hexanoate by means of an acyl transfer reaction has been studied by using an immobilized Rhizomucor miehei lipase (RML). The effect of reaction parameters on ester synthesis has been investigated. Rhizomucor miehei lipase showed more specificity than other lipases when ethyl hexanoate was synthesized in n-hexane. Maximum ester synthesis was obtained by using a 0.5 m substrate concentration (equimolar ratio). Temperatures in the range of 45–55 °C were found to be optimum and at higher temperatures (&gt;60 °C) deactivation of enzyme was observed. Higher molar concentrations of hexanoic acid inhibited RML, but no inhibitory effect of ethyl caprate, even at higher molar concentrations, was observed. Apparent kinetic parameters have been determined. The values are as follows: KM (ester), 0.0135 m; KM (acid), 0.08466; Ki (ester), 3.07 m; Ki (acid), 0.550 m; Vmax, 1.861 µmol min−1 mg−1 enzyme.
The Mathematical Practitioners of Hanoverian England, 1714-1840. By E. G. R. Taylor. Pp. xv, 503. 84s. (For the Institute of Navigation; Cambridge University Press 1966) (1967)

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Medical healthcare use in Parkinson's disease: survey in a cohort of ambulatory patients in Italy (2005)

Several physicians other than the neurologist may take care of PD patients on different occasions, thus emphasising the need for communication between the reference neurologist and other physicians who from time to time may visit the patient.
New challenges to medicare beneficiary access to mAbs (2009)

Precision binding of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to biological targets, their relative clinical success, and expansion of indications following initial approval, are distinctive clinical features. The relatively high cost of mAbs, together with the absence of a regulatory pathway to generics, stand out as distinctive economic features. Based on both literature review and primary data collection we enumerated mAb original approvals, supplemental indications and off-label uses, assessed payer formulary management of mAbs, and determined new challenges to Medicare beneficiary access to mAbs. We found that the FDA has approved 22 mAbs and 30 supplemental indications pertaining to the originally approved mAbs. In addition, there are 46 off-label use citations in officially recognized pharmaceutical compendia. Across Part B carriers and Part D plans, we found considerable variation in terms of coverage and conditions of reimbursement related to on- and off-label uses of mAbs. Our results point to four major challenges facing mAb developers, health care providers, Medicare beneficiaries, payers and policymakers. These include administrative price controls, coverage variation, projected shift from physician- to self-administered mAbs, and comparative effectiveness. We suggest more systematic use of "coverage with evidence development" as a means of optimally addressing these challenges.
A Streptococcus agalactiae R protein analysed by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (1995)

Unexpected cross-reactivity between two Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) isolates formed the basis for purification of a GBS protein called the Ra antigen, and raising of murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) against Ra. The Ra protein was resistant to trypsin digestion, susceptible to pepsin digestion, formed a ladder-like pattern of lines with a periodicity of approximately 8 kD on immunoblotting, was surface-localized in GBS strains, and was variably expressed by GBS. These characteristics provided evidence that the Ra antigen belonged to the R proteins of GBS. By testing of reference GBS isolates and antiserum, including an anti-R4 protein serum, cross-reactivity was recorded consistent with the assumption that Ra is a R4 protein. The Ra/R4 protein also showed cross-reactivity with a previously described GBS protein called protein Rib (J. Exp. Med. 177: 1593-1603, 1993). Several characteristics of the Ra/R4 protein were similar to those of the GBS protein c alpha, but the two proteins showed no cross-reactivity. The anti-Ra/R4 MAb has proved useful in serosubtype determination of GBS of known serotype and should be a valuable tool for studying the immunobiological function of antibodies targetting the surface-localized Ra/R4 protein.
Mechanical design and optimal control of humanoid robot (TPinokio) (2014)

The mechanical structure and the control of the locomotion of bipedal humanoid is an important and challenging domain of research in bipedal robots. Accurate models of the kinematics and dynamics of the robot are essential to achieve bipedal locomotion. Toe‐foot walking produces a more natural and faster walking speed and it is even possible to perform stretch knee walking. This study presents the mechanical design of a toe‐feet bipedal, TPinokio and the implementation of some optimal walking gait generation methods. The optimality in the gait trajectory is achieved by applying augmented model predictive control method and the pole‐zero cancellation method, taken into consideration of a trade‐off between walking speed and stability. The mechanism of the TPinokio robot is designed in modular form, so that its kinematics can be modelled accurately into a multiple point‐mass system, its dynamics is modelled using the single and double mass inverted pendulum model and zero‐moment‐point concept. The effectiveness of the design and control technique is validated by simulation testing with the robot walking on flat surface and climbing stairs.
On radio over fiber for heterogeneous wireless networks (2009)

The paper provides an overview of the radio over fiber (RoF) technology and its potential use in heterogeneous wireless networks. Wireless communications have seen a huge growth in the last decade. It has been estimated that five in every six people in the entire world will have a mobile phone in 2010. The vast growing use of Internet on the mobile devices has also been increased significantly. In order to provide a broadband access for mobile communications, a new wireless infrastructure (fiber optic networks for distributed, extendible heterogeneous radio architectures and service provisioning - FUTON) based on RoF technology has been introduced. The project adopts centralized processing of radio signals for number of wireless base stations can enhance the network performance in terms of bandwidth, and QoS parameters. The simplified remote access units (RAU) are expected to not only increase the performance but also help to reduce the overall coast of the infrastructure.
Bromine-Zinc Secondary Cells (1964)

Secondary bromine‐zinc cells were made with aqueous electrolyte and carbon plate electrodes separated by a multiple diaphragm. A layer of activated charcoal over the positive electrode was provided as a bromine sorbent. Data are given on discharge and cycling characteristics, open‐circuit potentials, polarization, internal resistance, temperature effects, self‐discharge, and the mechanism of failure. Outputs as high as 2.4 watt min/g (18 watt hr/lb) were observed and could be increased appreciably by minimizing cell weight. Electrode polarization was low, self‐discharge rates high.
HIV-1 Rev protein specifies the viral RNA export pathway by suppressing TAP/NXF1 recruitment (2014)

Nuclear RNA export pathways in eukaryotes are often linked to the fate of a given RNA. Therefore, the choice of export pathway should be well-controlled to avoid an unfavorable effect on gene expression. Although some RNAs could be exported by more than one pathway, little is known about how the choice is regulated. This issue is highlighted when the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Rev protein induces the export of singly spliced and unspliced HIV-1 transcripts. How these RNAs are exported is not well understood because such transcripts should have the possibility of utilizing CRM1-dependent export via Rev or cellular TAP/NXF1-dependent export via the transcription/export (TREX) complex, or both. Here we found that Rev suppressed TAP/NXF1-dependent export of model RNA substrates that recapitulated viral transcripts. In this effect, Rev interacted with the cap-binding complex and inhibited the recruitment of the TREX complex. Thus, Rev controls the identity of the factor occupying the cap-proximal region that determines the RNA export pathway. This ribonucleoprotein remodeling activity of Rev may favor viral gene expression.
KD-S SiCf/SiC composites with BN interface fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis process (2018)

Continuous silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix (SiCf/SiC) composites are attractive candidate materials for aerospace engine system and nuclear reactor system. In this paper, SiCf/SiC composites were fabricated by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process using KD-S fiber as the reinforcement and the LPVCS as the precursor, while the BN interface layer was introduced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process using borazine as the single precursor. The effect of the BN interface layer on the structure and properties of the SiCf/SiC composites was comprehensively investigated. The results showed that the BN interface layer significantly improved the mechanical properties of the KD-S SiCf/SiC composites. The flexure strength and fracture toughness of the KD-S SiCf/SiC composites were evidently improved from 314±44.8 to 818±39.6 MPa and 8.6± 0.5 to 23.0±2.2 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The observation of TEM analysis displayed a turbostratic structure of the CVD-BN interface layer that facilitated the improvement of the fracture toughness of the SiCf/SiC composites. The thermal conductivity of KD-S SiCf/SiC composites with BN interface layer was lower than that of KD-S SiCf/SiC composites without BN interface layer, which could be attributed to the relative low thermal conductivity of BN interface layer with low crystallinity.
La competencia de la audiencia nacional en delitos económicos (2012)

Lejos de ser sencilla, la atribucion competencial de los macroprocesos por asuntos de alta delincuencia economica, bien a la Audiencia Nacional, bien a un Juzgado ordinario, cada ano genera copiosa jurisprudencia en numerosas cuestiones de competencia ante el Tribunal Supremo que el presente articulo trata de sistematizar, a la vez que avanza algunas pautas interpretativas que recientes reformas penales han obligado a matizar, para comprender mejor la voluntad del legislador en esta manera de ordenar la competencia entre Juzgados.