gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An experimental model of FOLFOX-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. (2012)

222 Background: Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) following oxaliplatin based chemotherapy is a cause for major concern when undertaking liver resection for colorectal liver metastases. To date no relevant experimental models of oxaliplatin induced SOS have been described limiting our ability to understand the pathogenesis of this condition. Methods: C57Bl/6 mice were treated with intra-peritoneal FOLFOX (n=10), or vehicle (n=10), weekly for five weeks and culled one week following final treatment. Organs were harvested for subsequent histological and biochemical analysis. Results: Mice treated with FOLFOX developed peri-venular sinusoidal dilatation and hepatocyte atrophy in keeping with features of SOS seen in patients treated with this regimen. In addition we noted up-regulation of genes within the liver associated with matrix remodelling such as MMP2 (p<0.001), pro-collagen I (p<0.001) and TGFβ (p<0.001). We also demonstrated up-regulation of pro-thrombotic genes PAI-1 (p<0.001) and vWF (p<0.001) and genes involved in angiogenesis e.g. VEGFA (p<0.01). Conclusions: We have provided the first direct evidence that FOLFOX directly results in the development of SOS in an experimental model. This system will enable us to gain a detailed understanding of the pathogenesis of this condition and provide a means to explore various strategies to prevent its development making major liver resection much safer after down-staging chemotherapy.
Entornos de modelado estadístico: una revisión de requisitos (2004)

espanolExisten en la actualidad algunos entornos para el modelado estadistico como R o S-Plus cuyas caracteristicas les han llevado a ser los mas utilizados en diferentes disciplinas relacionadas con la estadistica. Sin embargo, a medida que se va asimilando la constante evolucion tecnologica se van creando nuevas necesidades r estas nos han llevado a reconsiderar los requisitos que deberia soportar un entorno para el modelado estadistico. El objetivo de esle articulo es discutir estas caracteristicas esenciales. Algunas de ellas estan muy relacionadas con el lenguaje que el entorno proporciona al usuario y otras son el resultado del uso apropiado de la programacion orientada a objetos. Esla ultima rs el punto de partida de la discusion acerca de otro de los aspectos tratados en este trabajo: las diferencias entre un lenguaje orientado a objetos y uno basado en objetos. EnglishThere are at thc present time sorne statistical modeling environments like R or S-Plus whose features have leaded them to be the more frcqucntly used in different statistical related areas. Nevertheless, as constant technological cvolution is being assimilated, new needs are created and these unes have conducted us to reconsider the requirements a statistical modelling environment should support. The aim of this paper is to discuss these essential features. Sorne of them are very close to the language the environment provide the user and sorne other are the result of the appropriate use of object-oriented programming. The latter will be the starting point of the another concept discussed in this paper: the differences between object-oriented and object-based languages.
[A case of neurogenic pulmonary edema with repeated deterioration due to subarachnoid hemorrhage]. (1989)

A 55-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for subarachnoid hemorrhage complicated with liver cirrhosis on Jan. 8th, 1988. Chest X-ray film on admission showed bilateral infiltrative shadows, which disappeared on Jan. 10th. However the same type of shadow reappeared on Jan. 12th. Although he received surgical treatment for subarachnoid hemorrhage, pulmonary deterioration occurred five times until the 21st post-operative day. These changes responded to diuretics and control of water balance. Cardiac function evaluated by ultrasonocardiography and right cardiac catheterization, and the composition and amount of plasma protein concentration were within normal limits. Although the mechanism of repeated appearance of the shadow was not clear, the edema was thought to be neurogenic. As this case showed, the control of water balance and the use of diuretics are essential for treatment of this neurogenic pulmonary edema.
Varietal Differences in the Potential to Produce Ethylene and Gene Expression of ACC Synthase and ACC Oxidase between 'Kui mi' and 'Hong xin' of Chinese Kiwifruit. (1998)

Large varietal differences in ethylene production in Chinese kiwifruits were found, especially between 'Kui mi' and 'Hong xin', based on the sensitivity and responsiveness of the cultivars to exogenous ethylene, which could induce autocatalytic ethylene production in fruit. The difference in the potential to induce ethylene production is attributed to the greater gene expression of ACC synthase in 'Kui mi' than in 'Hong xin'. In contrast, no distinct differences were found in the transcript levels of ACC oxidase gene between these cultivars. 'Kui mi' having a high rate of ethylene production also had a high ACC content compared with 'Hong xin'. When endogenous ethylene production reached a peak at 96 hr after 24 hr-ethylene treatment, the transcript levels of ACC synthase gene were most prominent. However, the transcript level of ACC oxidase gene was clearly detected in all samples of 0 hr and more after a 24 hr-ethylene treatment. These results suggest that a key enzyme which controls the rate of endogenous ethylene production in kiwifruit is ACC synthase, not ACC oxidase.
Pelvic and acetabular fractures: examination by angled CT scanning. (1984)

A new technique of direct angled CT scanning of pelvic and acetabular fractures is presented that allows visualization of the entire ring on a single image or two adjacent images.
Evidence for Edge‐State Photoluminescence in Graphene Quantum Dots (2013)

For a practical realization of graphene‐based logic devices, the opening of a band gap in graphene is crucial and has proven challenging. To this end, several synthesis techniques, including unzipping of carbon nanotubes, chemical vapor deposition, and other bottom‐up fabrication techniques have been pursued for the bulk production of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs). However, only limited progress has been made towards a fundamental understanding of the origin of strong photoluminescence (PL) in GQDs. Here, it is experimentally shown that the PL is independent of the functionalization scheme of the GQDs. Following a series of annealing experiments designed to passivate the free edges, the PL in GQDs originates from edge‐states, and an edge‐passivation subsequent to synthesis quenches the PL. The results of PL studies of GNRs and carbon nano‐onions are shown to be consistent with PL being generated at the edge sites of GQDs.
La responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado-legislador en el Derecho español (2013)

La denominada responsabilidad del Estado-legislador comprende todos aquellos supuestos cuyo comun denominador se encuentra en los danos economicamente evaluables que resultan de la actividad legislativa y que acarrean la obligacion de resarcimiento. La primera parte del trabajo tiene por objeto el examen de la jurisprudencia recaida sobre la materia, dando cuenta, en forma retrospectiva, de la evolucion experimentada desde las timidas formulaciones iniciales hasta la situacion actual, con la finalidad de levantar acta del estado de la cuestion en la doctrina del Tribunal Supremo, en la que pueden advertirse innumerables pronunciamientos. No menor es la importancia que reviste la responsabilidad del Estado por incumplimiento del Derecho de la Union Europea, que constituye un inapelable titulo juridico de imputacion por los danos causados a los particulares como consecuencia de la vulneracion del Derecho de la Union, en estrecha relacion con los principios vectores de ese ordenamiento supranacional: la eficacia directa y la primacia.
Solvation spectra. Part 25.—Variation with temperature of absorption spectrum of iodide in aqueous t-butyl alcohol systems (1968)

The energy Emax of the first absorption maximum for iodide in water increases when t-butyl alcohol is added. At a fixed temperature Emax is a linear function of alcohol mole fraction x2 in the water-rich mixtures. The slope dEmax/dx2 of this plot has a maximum near 4 ° and is relatively insensitive to temperature over the range 30–40°, otherwise decreasing markedly with increase in temperature. A similar trend is observed in deuterium oxide solutions.
Coulomb blur in a multi-electron-beam system (2006)

Coulomb blur in a multi-electron-beam system with a single column was investigated by simulations and experiments in 1024 two-dimensional electron beams with double lens-doublet optics. Monte Carlo simulation showed three main points. First, in spite of a high current density, Coulomb blur and energy broadening were the same as those in the case of a shaped beam covering a multi-electron-beam area. The Coulomb blur for a 50keV electron beam at 1μA total beam current was simulated as 20nm, which was less than half of that in the case of a single beam. Second, the Coulomb blur is slightly nonuniform depending on the distance from the beam center. Third, the decrease in the Coulomb blur by beam blanking is similar to that by beam absence at the objective plane. In addition, Coulomb blurs of the axial beam were estimated by experiments at various currents. The results show that the experimental blurs were in good agreement with the simulated blurs. In conclusion, the authors clarified that multiplying the number of beams is effective for decreasing Coulomb blur at the same total current.
Sorption-Desorption of Pyrene for Colombia and New Mexico Soils (2001)

Abstract The adsorption and availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment is an important factor to be considered for potential bioremediation processes. If desorption of the organic occurs, it could imply that remediation technologies such as microbial degradation may be feasible for PAH contaminated soils. Conversely no, or partial, desorption would indicate that the components may persist in the environment due to their decreased bioavailability. The sorption-desorption of pyrene in conjunction with two different soils was studied to determine the feasibility of bioremediation as an effective treatment. The measured distribution coefficient (K d ) for the Colombia and New Mexico soils using a 4:40 soil:liquid ratio was 1956 and 526 L/kg, respectively. When the soil:liquid ratio was reduced to 1:40, the K d values were 4294 L/Kg for the Colombia, and 1141 L/Kg for the New Mexico soil.
Equation of State of Water on the Thomas-Fermi Model (1956)

Two methods are described for extending the Thomas-Fermi model of a compressed atom to molecules containing two types of atoms. The methods are applied to H2O at zero temperature to determine pressure and internal energy as functions of the density, the position of the protons relative to the oxygen nucleus, and the electrostatic potential distribution within the molecule.
Linguistic Survey of India: Sindhi and Lahnda. By SirGeorge Grierson, K.C.I.E., D.Litt., Ph.D. 14 × 10¼, viii + 584 pp. Calcutta: Government Press, 1919. (1921)

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Modification by harmaline of the effects of <i>N</i>-cyclopropyl-<i>p</i>-chloroamphetamine on 5-hydroxyindole concentration in rat brain (1979)

Journal Article Modification by harmaline of the effects of N-cyclopropyl-p-chloroamphetamine on 5-hydroxyindole concentration in rat brain Get access Ray W Fuller, Ray W Fuller The Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Susan K Hemrick, Susan K Hemrick The Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kenneth W Perry Kenneth W Perry The Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, USA Correspondence: The Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46206, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Volume 31, Issue 1, September 1979, Pages 53–54, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13425.x Published: 12 April 2011 Article history Received: 16 June 1978 Published: 12 April 2011
Serial heterotransplantation of human adenocarcinoma no. 1 in the cheek pouch of unconditioned adult Syrian hamsters. (1962)

This report describes studies which established that Toolan's human adenocarcinoma #1 (H.Ad. #1), a human tumor transplantable in conditioned laboratory animals, could be serially transplanted in cheek pouches of normal unconditioned hamsters and under these conditions for more than 60 serial passages has retained proliferating human tumor tissue. (Tumor passaged in normal hamster is herein called H.Ad. #1U.) The results are as follows: ( a ) histologically, H.Ad. #1U closely resembles early generations of H.Ad. #1 in conditioned animals; ( b ) human hemagglutinins were produced by guinea pigs immunized with either H.Ad. #1U tumor or cell culture line; ( c ) human cellular antigen was demonstrated in H.Ad. #1U tumor cells and cell culture lines by two independent indirect fluorescent antibody systems; ( d ) the karyologic state of H.Ad. #1U tumor apparently ranges from sub-diploid human to polyploid human. Some potential factors which may account for the apparent indefinite passage-ability of this tumor in unconditioned hamsters are presented.
Power control based admission policies in cellular radio networks (2003)

The problem of limiting the cochannel interference between transmitter-receiver pairs in a cellular network to acceptable levels, while accommodating as many transmissions as possible, is addressed. The controllable network parameters, are the transmission powers of the base stations, and possibly of mobiles too, in the cells. Efficient adaptive control of the powers guarantees quality of service above a certain threshold at all times, given the continuously changing traffic of communication requests in the network. The quality criterion used in this study is the carrier-to-interference ratio (C/I) at the receiver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Development of a pediatric amino-acid solution for premature and newborn infants following pharmacokinetic principles]. (1978)

The blood level kinetics of an amino-acid solution following short-term infusions was measured in 25 premature and 5 hypotrophic newborns. From the calculated transfer rates it was possible to compose an amino-acid solution capable of avoiding imbalances. Clinical tests showed that the solution was tolerated well. Balance studies in 10 premature infants demonstrated a positive nitrogen balance from the first day of life on with a 55% retention of administered amino-acid nitrogen.
Insulating phase of mercury in thin quench-condensed films (1995)

We present experimental evidence that mercury forms an insulating phase in films condensed on glass substrates at liquid-helium temperatures. This insulating phase is metastable and it exists in films only up to some critical thickness ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}60 \AA{}. Our results cannot be explained by the assumption that the films consist of isolated islands. We believe that similar insulating phases exist also in quench-condensed lead films and maybe in some other metals. As far as we know the possibility that a disordered system of metallic atoms may form an insulator has never been considered.
UNMALTED CEREAL PRODUCTS FOR BEER BREWING. PART I. THE USE OF HIGH PERCENTAGES OF EXTRUDED OR REGULAR CORN STARCH AND SORGHUM (1989)

On the basis of results obtained in micro-brews four beers were produced on a 50 litre scale with 50% of the following adjunct materials: debranned sorghum, extruded debranned sorghum, corn starch and extruded corn starch. The extruded materials were processed in an infusion mash while the regular adjuncts were submitted to a preliminary boil, followed by a cooling step (to 45°C) and a subsequent infusion mash. The results indicate a normal fermentation in all cases, no impact of extrusion upon the colloidal stability and the colour of the resulting beers although the saccharification and filtration rates are seriously impaired during the production process inter alia due to the presence of intact starch granules in the extruded products. If these problems could be overcome, it seems perfectly possible to produce beers with high percentages of extruded adjuncts containing no nitrogeneous substances. Indeed, extrusion of debranned sorghum leads to the presence in beer of nitrogen containing compounds (e.g. alkylpyrazines) responsible for highly obnoxious flavours described by a professional taste panel as giving “artificial”, “coffee”, “burnt” or “caramel” odours. These negative flavour characteristics are absent in the beer produced with 50% of extruded corn starch.
Synthesis and Mechanism of PBI Phosphonate, Poly[2,2′-(-<i>m</i>-phenylene)-5,5′-Bibenzimidazole Phosphonate Ester], and its Polyphosphonic Acid Derivatives (2010)

Polybenzimidazole diethyl phosphonates (PBIPEt) of high phosphorus content (as high as ∼13%) have been synthesized by reacting poly[2,2′-(m-phenylene)-5,5′-bibenzimidazole] (PBI) with diethyl phosphite and a peroxide, in N,N-dimethylacetamide solution, via a free radical mechanism. The phosphonate ester groups are linked directly to the aromatic backbone thus establishing a strong −(O═)P−Ph− bond. The highly phosphonylated products dissolve in lower alcohols and the corresponding polyphosphonic acids (PBIPOH) dissolve in aqueous sodium hydroxide (pH ∼ 7−8); membranes composed of either polymer are readily prepared. PBIPOH displayed high thermal stability as well as charge densities as high as ∼9 mequiv of H+/g. Model compounds benzimidazole and 2,2′-diphenyl-5,5′-bibenzimidazole have been phosphonylated under similar conditions in order to resolve phosphonylation mechanism, and some aspects of a rather complicated oxidative substitution. Benzoic acid is a byproduct of reactions involving benzoyl peroxide supporting a mechanism that involves breakdown of the peroxide into radicals followed by reaction with the phosphite ester and subsequent attack of phosphorus centered radicals on an aromatic ring. In the case of PBI, phosphonylation appears to occur preferentially at the C4 and C7 positions of the benzimidazole rings (on the benzene ring adjacent to the fusion points) as well as on the m-phenylene rings ortho- to the linkage with benzimidazole. The observed substitution pattern is likely controlled by the resonance stability of the radical adduct.
A month in the life of a production news recommender system (2013)

During the last decade, recommender systems have become a ubiquitous feature in the online world. Research on systems and algorithms in this area has flourished, leading to novel techniques for personalization and recommendation. The evaluation of recommender systems, however, has not seen similar progress---techniques have changed little since the advent of recommender systems, when evaluation methodologies were "borrowed" from related research areas. As an effort to move evaluation methodology forward, this paper describes a production recommender system infrastructure that allows research systems to be evaluated in situ, by real-world metrics such as user clickthrough. We present an analysis of one month of interactions with this infrastructure and share our findings.
Analytical solution for one-dimensional nonlinear consolidation of double-layered soil with improved continuous drainage boundary (2020)

Following the assumptions proposed by Davis and Raymond, an analytical solution for one-dimensional nonlinear consolidation of double-layered soil under constant loading is derived by introducing an improved continuous drainage boundary condition. The effectiveness of the present solution is assessed by comparing against other existing analytical solutions and laboratory consolidation test results. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the consolidation behaviour of double-layered soil for different interface parameters or stress ratios (i.e. final effective pressure over initial effective pressure, Nσ). The results show that, the average consolidation degree defined by soil settlement Us increases with the increase of Nσ, and the average consolidation degree defined by excess pore water pressure Up decreases with the increase of Nσ. The magnitude of Us is always larger than Up, and the difference between Us and Up increases with the increase of Nσ. Compared with the Xie's solution, the stress ratio Nσ has little effect on Up in the solution with continuous drainage boundary condition.
Theoretical Rate Constant for Thermal Unimolecular Reactions in a Multilevel System (1966)

A macroscopic unimolecular rate constant is given here in terms of the detailed microscopic rates of transport and relaxation in a many-quantum-level system. A rate equation for each quantum level is written considering all input and output processes. The resulting set of equations constitutes a master equation. The conventional unimolecular rate constant is then the lowest eigenvalue to the relaxation problem defined by the master equation. This is then a general prescription for the theoretical treatment of unimolecular behavior based only on the assumed mechanism and explicitly including the multilevel behavior of real systems undergoing chemical reaction. General methods for solving this eigenvalue problem are discussed. These methods are illustrated with the master equation for a generalized Lindemann mechanism. The lowest eigenvalue for this mechanism is obtained by an iteration procedure. The zero-order result of the iteration is shown to be equivalent to the rate constant derived from a steady-state approximation. Both the zero-order and exact expressions for the lowest eigenvalue are given in terms of a computationally useful many-shot expansion. The lowest eigenvalue result then constitutes an exact and computationally simple version of the unimolecular rate constant which is an unambiguous consequence of the microscopic parameters inserted into the chosen relaxation mechanism. Since the particular mechanism used here is also the point of departure in the derivation of the well-known RRKM theory of unimolecular reactions, the lowest eigenvalue solution is directly compared with the RRKM rate constant. The additional restrictive conditions for agreement between the two rate constants are enumerated. Some generalized expressions for mean first passage times in unimolecular rate theory are also derived and expressed in terms of many-shot solutions. These latter expressions are computationally useful for extremely rapid reactions.
Hip Muscle Strength Recovery after Hip Arthroscopy in a Series of Patients with Symptomatic Femoroacetabular Impingement (2014)

Patients with symptomatic FAI recovered their hip muscle strength to normal levels 2.5 years after hip arthroscopy, except for hip flexors. Although all patients showed good hip muscle strength at follow-up, half of them were not completely satisfied with their health state related to the hip.