gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geothermal setting and simple heat conduction models for the Long Valley Caldera (1976)

Heat flow and heat production measurements have been made in the vicinity of Long Valley from 0–30 km from the rim of the caldera and up to 30 km on either side of the boundary of the Basin and Range province at the eastern scarp of the Sierra Nevada. The search for a thermal anomaly associated with magma is complicated by the location of the caldera at the boundary between these two provinces with strongly contrasting regional heat flows and by unknown effects of hydrothermal circulation. The data show no conspicuous effect of the province transition, possibly a small local heat flow anomaly near the east rim of the caldera, and a very substantial anomaly near the west rim. Simple heat conduction models suggest that Long Valley caldera is the surface expression of a deep magmatic system; an upper crustal magma chamber could not have sustained molten material throughout the 2-m.y. eruptive history unless it were resupplied with heat from deep crustal or subcrustal magmatic sources. If the heat were supplied by crustal intrusion of mantle basalt, the crust would thicken rapidly unless magmatic activity were accompanied by accelerated local crustal spreading. To generate a viable silicic magma chamber by sill injection in the upper 5–8 km of crust, minimum intrusion rates of the order of l m per century are probably required. Thermal models for the near-normal heat flow at the east rim suggest that magma beneath the eastern part of Long Valley caldera might have been exhausted during eruption of the Bishop Tuff 0.7 m.y. ago and that the resurgent dome, which subsequently formed in the west central caldera, marks the location of a residual chamber more circular in plan. High heat flow indicated by the single measurement hear the west rim can be attributed to a simple shallow magma chamber beneath the western caldera or to recent local magmatism along the Sierra frontal fault system. Additional heat flow and hydrologic measurements are necessary for a confident interpretation of the thermal history and the present state of the caldera region.
Giant wood spider <i>Nephila pilipes</i> alters silk protein in response to prey variation (2005)

Recent studies have demonstrated that orb-weaving spiders may alter web structures, foraging localities or silk output in response to prey variations. In this study we conducted field surveys and food manipulations to examine whether orb-weaving spiders may also adjust the protein of silk to prey variations. A comparison of dragline silks collected from nine giant wood spider Nephila pilipes populations in Taiwan showed a spatial variation. The percentage of all amino acids (except alanine and glycine) exhibited significant differences among populations. A survey of prey composition also revealed a significant spatial variation among N. pilipes populations. To determine whether prey variation was responsible for silk protein variation, we fed N. pilipes with different types of prey (dipteran vs orthopteran) then compared the percentage of five major dragline amino acids and secondary structures. The results showed that dragline of N. pilipes fed with orthopteran prey contained significantly higher proline and glutamine but lower alanine. Congruent with this result were those from FTIR spectroscopy, which showed that dragline of N. pilipes fed with crickets exhibited significantly higher percentage of proline- and glutamine-containing beta turns, and lower percentage of alanine-containing beta sheet structures. Since the results of feeding manipulations showed that diet significantly affected the compositions of dragline silks, the observed spatial variation seemed to reflect the different types of prey these spiders had consumed. Results of this study thus indicated that orb-weaving spiders can alter dragline protein in response to prey variations.
4D construction sequence planning – new process and data model (2007)

ABSTRACT: Model based working is only just getting introduced in the construction sector to support design and project management. In particular, construction sequence planning as one of the key processes in a construction project can benefit from model based working. Since the time schedule defines sequences of activities and allocates resources such as material and labour, it plays an important role in optimizing and managing a construction project. In this respect, model based working can offer more to construction sequence planning than just a visualisation of the construction sequences, in which the term ‘4D simulation ’ is today commonly understood. Still, available 4D simulation software packages do not engage in the scheduling work but require major additional effort after the time schedule has been finished. The links between the objects of the 3D CAD model and the activities of the time schedule have to be established manually, i.e. the user has to select certain objects and assign them to a related activity in the time schedule. Furthermore, a 4D simulation merely adds limited value due to a restriction to visualisation of construction sequences only. This additional effort for creating the 4D simulation and limited benefit of having a visualisation of construction sequences only, seem to be the main drawbacks as a result of which 4D simulation still has not crossed the threshold to daily practice. To significantly improve the efficiency of creating a 4D simulation this article presents a solution for creating time schedules and 4D simulations based on data stored in a building model.
262. Substitution of 4,5-diphenyl-oxazoles and -imidazoles, and some related compounds (1963)

T. van Es and O. G. Backeberg, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 1363 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630001363
Design of a multistage self‐routing switch with a distributed cell sequence control (1990)

Abstract As a technique for constructing the switch fabric in the ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) communication system, the self‐routing switching network has been proposed where the buffered Banyan network is used as the distribution network as well as the routing network. The features of this kind of switch are that it is of a distributed structure, being suited to the modular construction, the large capacity system can easily be realized, and the performance is stable for diversified traffic. On the other hand, it has a problem in that the order of the transmitted information (cells) is not preserved. This paper proposes anew a switch construction with time stamps attached to the cells. The cell sequence is preserved by controlling the sequence of the time stamps, and the system can be controlled in a distributed way. The feature of the method is that the cell sequence is preserved while maintaining the self‐routing property of the traditional multistage buffered switch. Also, the principle and the optimal construction are described. Basic system parameters such as the required word length for the time stamp signal are determined. The delay characteristics of the proposed system for various kinds of traffic are evaluated by a computer simulation.
Remarques sur l'espèce Asellus cavaticus Leydig (Crustacé Isopode hypogé) et description d'une sous-espèce nouvelle (1966)

In Europe, Asellus cavaticus Leydig until 1963 was the only species known of a phyletic line that extended from Britain to Austria. Until the works of Racovitza in 1919 all the Asellus of the underground world were reported to this species, first known subterranean Asellus. The taxonomic criteria of Racovitza allowed to determine many subspecies. Later on Chappuis refuses to give names to the different encountered forms. Taking as type forms the individuals of the grotte de Sainte-Reine (Meurthe-et-Moselle), considered very similar to the original type forms, we think to be able to define a new subspecies puteanus for the Asellus of a well in Beaujolais. This form differs from cavaticus f. typ. for the form of the male copulation organ, the male pleopod and the number of spines on the dactlya and pereiopodes. A more detailed description of the subspecies valdensis Chappuis is given based on specimens from a cave of the Plateau of Crémieu (Isère).
Correlation of simultaneously obtained capillary, venous, and arterial blood gases of patients in a paediatric intensive care unit (2004)

There is a significant correlation in pH, PCO2, PO2, BE, and HCO3 among ABG, VBG, and CBG values, except for a poor correlation in PO2 in the presence of hypotension. Capillary and venous blood gas measurements may be useful alternatives to arterial samples for patients who do not require regular continuous blood pressure recordings and close monitoring of PaO2. We do not recommend CBG and VBG for determining PO2 of ABG.
An exact algorithm for the generalized list T-coloring problem (2014)

Discrete Algorithms The generalized list T-coloring is a common generalization of many graph coloring models, including classical coloring, L(p,q)-labeling, channel assignment and T-coloring. Every vertex from the input graph has a list of permitted labels. Moreover, every edge has a set of forbidden differences. We ask for a labeling of vertices of the input graph with natural numbers, in which every vertex gets a label from its list of permitted labels and the difference of labels of the endpoints of each edge does not belong to the set of forbidden differences of this edge. In this paper we present an exact algorithm solving this problem, running in time O*((τ+2)n), where τ is the maximum forbidden difference over all edges of the input graph and n is the number of its vertices. Moreover, we show how to improve this bound if the input graph has some special structure, e.g. a bounded maximum degree, no big induced stars or a perfect matching.
Conformal therapy using maximum entropy optimization (1995)

Abstract Conformal therapy offers considerable advantages over conventional radiotherapy treatment, because it has the potential for matching almost exactly the delivered dose distribution to the prescribed dose distribution. Associated (inverse) treatment planning methods address a constrained linear optimization problem. In this article, a method based on maximizing the total entropy of the beam profiles is developed. Maximum entropy optimization constrains the computed dose to be within well‐defined tolerances of the prescribed dose, and has advantages of robustness, fast convergence, and high accuracy. For the work reported here, it is assessed using clinically prescribed irregular target dose volumes based on magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography images. Results are shown for a two‐dimensional, homogeneous absorption, primary dose computation model, to illustrate the feasibility of the approach; however, the method may be extended to accommodate a more general three‐dimensional model, including inhomogeneities and scatter dose contributions. Optimization of beam offset for a regular angular displacement of beams is also considered, with particular regard to implications on total beam energy, entropy, and computation time.
Evaluating Information Technology-supported Local Management of Schools: The User Acceptability Audit (1992)

In the second of two papers which consider aspects of the Local Management of Schools, P. Wild and S.J. Richardson of the University of Loughborough and J. E. Scivier of Nottingham Polytechnic comment that whilst many LEAs have implemented new information technology systems to support LMS much less attention has been given to establishing techniques for evaluating the success of these systems. Working from a human factors perspective they report on a study which aims to apply and refine a set of 'tools' developed by the Human Sciences and Advanced Technology Research Institute (HUSAT) at the University of Loughborough as a means of identifying harriers and promoters to systems acceptance. The study focuses on direct users in secondary schools
Hairy Nightshade (<i>Solanum sarrachoides</i>) Control in Potatoes (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) with Bentazon Plus Additives (1992)

Field studies were conducted to examine hairy nightshade control with, and potato tolerance to, bentazon or bentazon plus nonionic surfactant (NIS), petroleum oil concentrate (POC), methylated seed oil (MSO), BCH-815, or urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN). Bentazon treatments were applied early or late POST. Hairy nightshade control with bentazon at 0.56 kg ha –1 plus POC, MSO, BCH-815, or UAN was equal to or better than bentazon alone at 1.12 kg ha –1 regardless of time of application. Potato injury with bentazon plus additives applied late POST was sometimes greater than with bentazon alone, but use of additives did not reduce potato yield or quality. Yield of US ♯1 tubers was lower when bentazon was applied late POST than when applied early POST in one of two years.
In-office transnasal esophagoscope-guided botulinum toxin injection of the lower esophageal sphincter (2007)

In-office transnasal esophagoscopy-guided lower esophageal sphincter botulinum toxin injection has not been described in the literature. Indications include esophageal spasm, muscular rings and achalasia, with recent data suggesting that botulinum toxin should not be an initial therapy for most patients with achalasia.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Nonlinear Structural Equation Models (2002)

The existing maximum likelihood theory and its computer software in structural equation modeling are established based on linear relationships among manifest variables and latent variables. However, models with nonlinear relationships are often encountered in social and behavioral sciences. In this article, an EM type algorithm is developed for maximum likelihood estimation of a general nonlinear structural equation model. To avoid computation of the complicated multiple integrals involved, the E-step is completed by a Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. It is shown that the M-step can be completed efficiently by simple conditional maximization. Standard errors of the maximum likelihood estimates are obtained via Louis's formula. The methodology is illustrated with results from a simulation study and two real examples.
Polare Imprägnierung von Glaskapillaren für die Gas‐Chromatographie (1965)

Abstract According to the experience of various authors, glass capillaries used as columns for gas chromatography can be coated only with non‐polar liquids such as squalane and apiezon. This paper shows that polar liquids form a coherent film on a glass surface which has first been covered by an approx. 0.001 μ layer of carbon black. Several methods for producing these layers are described. Such pretreated glass capillaries show equal or better separation efficiencies than steel capillaries and work at lower temperatures, due to their lower adsorption activity.
Biotin-Labeled Oligonucleotides With Extraordinarily Long Tethering Arms (2004)

We describe synthesis of four novel biotin phosphoramidites with tethering arms ranging from 20 to 74 atoms in length. One of these phosphoramidites is a uridine derivative with a biotin moiety attached through the 2'-position. The biotin phosphoramidites were synthetized based on robust and efficient methoxyoxalamido (MOX) and succinimido (SUC) precursor strategies from MOX/SUC precursors containing a secondary hydroxyl. They are highly stable in solution (coupling efficiency remains equally high for at least 2 wk after phosphoramidite installation on the synthesizer) and are ideal for the streamlined production of biotin-labeled oligonucleotides. Protocols for the synthesis of biotinylated primers and purification of biotinylated sequencing products by means of streptavidin-coated magnetic beads are also presented.
A clinical trial of tissue adhesive (histoacryl) in skin closure of groin wounds. (1989)

The use of tissue adhesives has been widely studied since the 1960s. Since then they have found use in specialties like plastic surgery, neurosurgery, ENT surgery and dental surgery. Several papers have reported their safe use, both clinically and experimentally, particularly of the newer homologue n-butyl/2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl). In this study 43 patients (46 wounds) whose operations involved a groin incision were randomised into two groups for skin closure either with Dexon subcuticular suture (23 wounds) or Histoacryl glue (23 wounds). We found that both sets of wounds healed well with no wound infections or excessive inflammation when assessed at one week and four weeks. However the glued wounds had consistently better cosmesis scores (mean score 4.71 at four weeks) compared to the subcuticular Dexon wounds (mean score 4.00 at four weeks) and P value of less than 0.05. We feel that there is a place for tissue adhesives in skin closure for some general surgical wounds.
Comparison of a logistic and a mass-action curve for radioimmunoassay data. (1983)

This paper compares a logistic curve and a mass-action curve in their ability to represent radioimmunoassay standard curves. A data base from 10 different assays is used in this comparison. Six of the 10 assays could be modeled equally well by either the logistic or the mass-action curve. In one case the mass-action curve gave a slightly better fit, though the practical distinction was negligible. In the remaining three assays the mass-action curve performed very much worse than the logistic curve. It is shown that the mass-action curve can assume only a very limited range of shapes, which explains its difficulty with these three assays. In particular, the mass-action curve cannot represent assays where the standard curve slope is less than a specified value. The paper also discusses the extension of each of these curves to more complicated equations, and their application to immunoassay data.
Using High-Speed Image Analysis to Estimate Trash in Cotton (1985)

Two new scanning type cotton trashmeters are being developed to indicate the amount of trash and foreign matter in lint cotton. These instruments are primarily intended to replace the current visual method of grading cotton for market quality. They both perform a two dimensional surface scan using a black and white television camera. High-speed microprocessors provide an analysis of the TV signal at video scan rates. Only a fraction of a second of time is required to complete all scanning, signal processing, and data analysis for each cotton sample exposure. This article discusses some common problems in TV image analysis and how they relate to cotton scanning. Also discussed are instrument precision and design features and a method of calibrating each instrument.
Effect of number of masking talkers and auditory priming on informational masking in speech recognition (2004)

Three experiments investigated factors that influence the creation of and release from informational masking in speech recognition. The target stimuli were nonsense sentences spoken by a female talker. In experiment 1 the masker was a mixture of three, four, six, or ten female talkers, all reciting similar nonsense sentences. Listeners' recognition performance was measured with both target and masker presented from a front loudspeaker (F-F) or with a masker presented from two loudspeakers, with the right leading the front by 4 ms (F-RF). In the latter condition the target and masker appear to be from different locations. This aids recognition performance for one- and two-talker maskers, but not for noise. As the number of masking talkers increased to ten, the improvement in the F-RF condition diminished, but did not disappear. The second experiment investigated whether hearing a preview (prime) of the target sentence before it was presented in masking improved recognition for the last key word, which was not included in the prime. Marked improvements occurred only for the F-F condition with two-talker masking, not for continuous noise or F-RF two-talker masking. The third experiment found that the benefit of priming in the F-F condition was maintained if the prime sentence was spoken by a different talker or even if it was printed and read silently. These results suggest that informational masking can be overcome by factors that improve listeners' auditory attention toward the target.
Mlsa generated suppressor cells. I. Suppression is mediated by double-negative (CD3+CD5+CD4-CD8-) <i>alpha/beta</i> T cell receptor-bearing cells. (1990)

Grafting of cells from B10.D2 (H-2d) donors into H-2 compatible lethally irradiated (DBA/2 x B10.D2)F1 hosts results in a severe graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR), developed against DBA/2 non-H-2 Ag, with only 0 to 10% of animals surviving. This GVHR mortality rate is dramatically reduced (90 to 100% of animals survive) by donor preimmunization against Mlsa determinants. The protection against GVHR correlates with a decreased B10.D2 anti-DBA/2 proliferative response in vitro. Both in vivo and in vitro phenomena are associated with activation of CD5+ suppressor T cells in the spleens of immunized mice. The present work was designed to study the origin of these suppressor cells and to further characterize their phenotype. The results show that significant suppression is not inducible in "B" mice. In contrast, in mice that were only thymectomized or else pretreated in vivo with anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 mAb, the suppressor cells are activated as efficiently as in normal mice. The suppression of GVHR mortality and proliferative responses in vitro is lost after depletion from preimmunized splenocytes of CD5+ T cells and remains unaltered after depletion of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells or both. Depletion of asialo GM1+ cells removes all NK activity, whereas the suppression is decreased only slightly. FACS analysis showed that double-negative (DN) cells from normal and immunized mice contain both CD3+ and CD3- cells; the vast majority of the CD3+ DN T cells express the alpha/beta T cell receptor. Suppression of GVHR and of proliferative responses in vitro are abrogated after elimination of CD3+ cells. These results suggest that Mlsa generated suppressor cells: 1) are derived from post-thymic long-lived T cell precursors; 2) are low asialo GM-1+ but do not exhibit NK activity; 3) belong to a subset of peripheral CD5+ DN T cells bearing a CD3-associated alpha/beta-heterodimer.
Resistivity‐Dopant Density Relationship for Phosphorus‐Doped Silicon (1980)

New data for the resistivity‐dopant density relationship for phosphorus‐doped silicon have been obtained for phosphorus densities between 1013 and 1020 cm−3 and temperatures of 296°K (23°C) and 300°K. For dopant densities less than 1018 cm−3, results were calculated from resistivity and junction capacitance‐voltage measurements on processed wafers. For more heavily doped material, data were obtained from Hall effect and resistivity measurements on specimens cut from bulk silicon slices. The results differ by 5–15% from the commonly used Irvin curve, always in the direction of lower dopant density for a given resistivity. For comparison with the electrical measurements, phosphorus densities were also obtained by neutron activation analysis and the photometric technique. The values from these methods were within 10% of the electrical results. Analytical fits were determined for the resistivity‐dopant density product as a function of resistivity and dopant density for temperatures of 23°C and 300°K. Similar fits were obtained for the calculated electron mobility as a function of resistivity and electron density.