gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of TRH and Related Peptides in the Mechanism of Action of ECT (1999)

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) has been known anecdotally to produce antidepressant (AD) effects since the 1970s. Recent clinical reports have shown that intrathecal administration of TRH can more reliably induce remissions of major depression that last for 2-3 days. Although clinically impractical, it is important to note that these remissions are rapid within hours, and they survive at least 1 night's sleep. This review summarizes and integrates clinical and preclinical research on TRH and related peptides, which have regulatory effects in the limbic forebrain. Electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in rats induces synthesis of TRH in multiple subcortical limbic and frontal cortical regions, which are known, in humans, to be involved in both depression and in sleep. The increases in TRH and related peptides are regionally specific. The quantitative TRH increases in individual limbic regions have been correlated with the amount of forced swimming done by the individual animal after ECS (forced-swim test of AD effects). Intraperitoneal TRH also gives a positive response in this test, as do all effective AD medications. By considering neurobiological phenomena in depression and sleep, it is possible to outline a role for TRH and related peptides that may assist in the understanding both of depression and of the depressogenic effect of sleep in depressively vulnerable people. It is concluded that TRH and related peptides are likely to play a significant role in the inhibition of glutamatergic subcortical limbic neurons, which may be hyperactive in depression. Electroconvulsive therapy is believed to act, in part, by augmenting this inhibition. AD medications are believed to act indirectly, by activation of a subset of GABAergic interneurons, which then inhibit the pathologically hyperactive glutamatergic limbic neurons. Continued exploration of TRH and related peptides will be essential for further progress toward the control of these debilitating and often lethal diseases.
Flow Visualization In Microfluidic Expansion And Mixing (2009)

Micro particle image velocimetry (microPIV) is a non-intrusive tool for visualizing flow in micron-scale conduits. Using this investigative instrument, two experimental studies were performed to understand flow behaviors in microfluidic channels - a sudden expansion step flow and laminar velocity profile variation in diffusion driven mixing. First, flow in a backward facing step feature (1:5 expansion ratio) in a microchannel was taken as the subject of microPIV flow visualization. The onset and development of a recirculation flow was studied as a function of flow rate. This flow pattern was further used to investigate two major parameters affecting microPIV measurements; the depth-of-focus and recording time-intervals between images in a microPIV image pair. The onset of recirculation was initiated at flow rates that correspond to Reynolds numbers, Re > 95, which is well beyond the typical working range of microfluidic devices (Re=0.01-10). The recirculation flow has a 3D structure due to the dimensions of the microchannel and the effect of no slip condition on the walls. Ensemble cross-correlation was found not to be sensitive to variations of depth-of-focus and the output flow fields were similar as long as the overall optical focus remained within the upper and lower bounds of the microchannel. However, variations of time intervals between images in a microPIV pair, resulted in quantitatively and qualitatively different flow patterns for a given constant flow rate and depth-of-focus. In the second experiment, the effect of the laminar velocity profile and its variation on mixing phenomena at the reduced scale is studied. It is shown that the diffusive mass flux between two miscible streams, flowing in a laminar regime in a microchannel, is enhanced if the velocity at their diffusion interface is increased. Based on this idea, an in-plane passive micromixing concept is proposed and implemented in a working device (sigma micromixer). This mixer shows considerable mixing performance by periodically varying the flow velocity profile, such that the maximum of the profile coincides with the transversely progressing diffusion fronts repeatedly throughout the mixing channel. microPIV has been used to visualize the behavior of laminar flow inside the micromixer device and to confirm the periodic variation of the velocity profile through the mixing channel.
Trimming and Printing of Embedded Resistors Using Demand-Mode Ink-Jet Technology and Conductive Polymer (2002)

This paper presents a method both to enhance the yield of embedded resistor processes and to print embedded resistors using drop-on-demand ink-jet device to dispense a precise volume of intrinsically conductive polymers (ICPs) on to plated or screen printed resistors. By controlling the volume of ICPs, and in turn its thickness, the resistance per square can be controlled and brought to the PWB industry tolerance. This method can be used as complimentary to laser trimming method to enhance the overall yield of embedded passives processes.
Virtual circuit control for multi-converter smart grid applications (2016)

This paper presents a scalable synchronous buck converter design. Innovation lies with the design method and control algorithms. Firmware makes the converter's half-bridges switch as to emulate a resistively terminated ladder network. This actively damps filter resonances and prevents circulating currents when multiple converters operate in parallel.
Radiofrequency ablation versus high-frequency ablation in vivo comparison (2002)

International audience
An Experimental Approach to Quantitative Thermal Coronary Angiography (1998)

Thermal coronary angiography is a noninvasive but not yet quantitative method to intraoperatively assess graft patency in CABG surgery. Aim of this study was to quantify graft flow by measuring perfusion-induced myocardial temperature changes over time. Saphenous vein grafts to the left anterior descending artery were perfused at flow rates of 16-105 ml/min with warm saline. A thermal scanner with a 256 x 256 focal-plane array detector providing a spatial resolution of 1.2 mrad was used. The resulting temperature curves were averaged and a non-linear fit procedure was performed to calculate the time constant (tau) at each flow rate. An increase of myocardial temperature along the LAD with different flow rates could be demonstrated. There was an excellent correlation between the calculated time constant and actual flow (r = 0.96, p < 0.0002). By determining the time constant for different flow rates an estimate of actual graft flow is possible using thermal coronary angiography. Clinical studies have to show if the time constant can be used as a predictor of graft flow in patients.
Hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and hypothyrosis associated with poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (1998)

A metabolic dysfunction contributes to the poor performance and mortality associated with Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome (PEMS). Within 2 d after contact-exposed poults were removed from the presence of PEMS-infected poults and returned to their respective treatment rooms to infect experimental poults, the experimental poults began to huddle together and show signs of the disease. When separated from the huddle, body temperatures of exposure poults were depressed significantly. Body temperatures decreased progressively through 8 d after exposure with a maximum depression of 2 C and returned to a normal level at 18 d after PEMS exposure. Similar decreasing patterns in serum glucose, inorganic phosphorus, triiodothyronine, and thyroxine were observed, with maximum decreases in these serum constituents being found between 8 and 13 d after PEMS exposure. There were significant correlations among decreasing body temperatures, decreasing serum constituents, and mortality in the PEMS-exposed poults. Daily mortality rates associated with PEMS began at 6 d and peaked at 9 d after PEMS exposure. Mortality rates decreased from 9 to 15 d after experimental PEMS exposure. Depressions in serum constituents, body temperature, and increased mortality rates did not coincide with decreased feed intake associated with PEMS. Therefore, it was concluded that the agent(s) causing PEMS may have a direct effect on energy metabolism in afflicted poults.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> plasmid production in fermenter (1989)

Escherichia coli harboring a recombinant plasmid was grown in a fermenter to study the effects of selected process parameters on the growth of the microbe and on plasmid amplification with chloramphenicol treatment. Eighteen fermentations were carried out according to a statistical experimental design in which the fermentation temperature, pH, and turbidity of culture at the onset of plasmid amplification were the selected independent process variables. Static regression models describing the process were derived from the experimental results. It turned out that recombinant plasmid copy numbers could be influenced by controlling fermentation temperature and pH. The maximal copy number during bacterial growth phase and the optimal plasmid production were found to require fermentation conditions different from those needed for optimal bacterial growth and cell division. The conditions also differed significantly from those routinely used in research laboratories for plasmid preparation. The chloramphenicol treatment increased the plasmid copy number compared with chromosome numbers up to fivefold. Some of the data suggest that under certain conditions the number of chromosome molecules in E. coli cells may rise during the plasmid amplification stage. Statistical experimental design, a nucleic acid sandwich hybridization technique for plasmid quantification, and regression models proved to be useful in this study.
Adaptive gain scheduling with modular models (1998)

A modular representation system is combined with indirect adaptive control techniques to obtain an adaptive form of gain scheduling, used for control of unknown piecewise linear systems. Learning takes place online, i.e. at the same time as control is being effected. A probabilistic approach is taken for learning of the different linear dynamics and their scheduling, and also for generating the control signal. This is done by utilising the information from a bank of Kalman filters.
Dependency of Near-Field Ground Motions on the Structural Maturity of the Ruptured Faults (2009)

AB: The accurate prediction of near-source strong-ground motions in future earthquakes is a major challenge for seismologists and earthquake engineers. Such a prediction is however difficult, partly because ground motions are highly variable while the reasons for such a variability are basically ignored. In particular, though source effects are likely an important factor, the major properties of the earthquake source that control the ground motions are not clearly defined. Manighetti et al. (2007) have suggested that some of the large earthquake source properties are intimately controlled by intrinsic properties of the long-term faults broken by the earthquakes, such as the fault structural maturity. Following that suggestion, we examine the dependency of the strong ground motion variability on the long-term fault maturity. We analyze the near-field ground motions recorded at rock sites for 30 large (M 5.6-7.8) crustal earthquakes of various mechanisms. On the other hand, the structural maturity of the broken faults is determined and defined into three classes (mature, intermediate, immature) based on the combined knowledge of the age, slip rate, cumulative slip and length of the faults. The ground motions are determined in the period range 0-2 seconds and compared to the empirical attenuation equation of Boore et al. (1997). Residuals between observed and predicted ground motions are calculated following the methods of Kagawa et al. (2004; residuals not weighted by the number of records per earthquake) and of Spudich et al. (1999; residuals weighted by the number of records per earthquakes). Whatever the method, the strong motions produced by earthquakes on immature and mature faults are found to be larger and lower, respectively, than those predicted from the empirical law. Strong motions on immature faults result to be systematically larger by a factor of about 1.15 than those on mature faults. When earthquakes are distinguished from their focal mechanism, a same order difference is observed, with ruptures on reverse faults producing larger strong motions than earthquakes on strike-slip faults. Yet, when only strike-slip earthquakes are considered, a large difference in strong motion amplitude (averaging a factor 1.1) is still observed between immature and mature faults. By contrast, whether they produce surface breaks or not, earthquakes on faults of similar structural maturity produce ground motions of similar amplitude. We conclude that the strong ground motions generated in the near-field by earthquakes occurring on immature faults are higher than the strong motions generated by earthquakes on mature faults. The effect of fault structural maturity is of the same magnitude than that classically attributed to focal mechanism. The later effect may actually be only apparent, simply resulting from the maturity control. The structural maturity of long-term faults is thus an important parameter that should be considered in seismic hazard assessment.
THE ELECTRONIC SPECTRUM OF CuO (1968)

Work supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA Order No. R-64. James S. Shirk is NBS-NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate.
The basic character of five two-phase flow model equation sets (2000)

Three test problems were simulated using five different two-phase flow model equation sets from the open literature. The test problems chosen were a fluidized bed, a batch settling, and a horizontal jet impingement on a vertical wall. These three problems demonstrate an important cross-section of physical phenomena, such as fluidized bed voidage oscillations, phase separation, countercurrent flow, and jet formation. The dispersed flow regime is selected for all three problems. The study was performed to assess the basic character of the five-field equation sets responding to the same initial and boundary conditions and using the same finite difference numerical scheme. The general performance of the five equation sets was found to be similar, even though one of them was ill posed as an initial-value problem. Broad trends are the same and quantitative differences could be assessed by examining the fine structure of the results. None of the equation sets could be entirely rejected on the basis of producing physically impossible or unacceptable results. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of Quinoid Structures. I. Action of Arylmagnesium Halides on Phenanthrenequinonimine (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of Quinoid Structures. I. Action of Arylmagnesium Halides on PhenanthrenequinonimineWILLIAM IBRAHIM AWAD and ABDEL REHIM ABDEL RAOUFCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1957, 22, 8, 881–884Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01359a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01359a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nitrogen Gas Pressure Synthesis and Photoluminescent Properties of Orange‐Red SrAlSi <sub>4</sub> N <sub>7</sub> :Eu <sup>2+</sup> Phosphors for White Light‐Emitting Diodes (2010)

Nitride phosphor SrAlSi 4 N 7 :Eu 2+ was synthesized by gas pressure sintering of powder mixtures of Sr 3 N 2 , AlN, α‐Si 3 N 4 , and EuN at 1750°C under 0.48 MPa N 2 . The photoluminescent properties of SrAlSi 4 N 7 :Eu 2+ were measured and analyzed. Two‐peak emission from Eu 2+ located at two different Sr sites in the SrAlSi 4 N 7 host structure was observed. When the phorphors were excited at 410 nm, the highest emission intensity was found to be ∼126% of that in YAG:Ce 3+ excited at 460 nm. The highest relative emission intensity at 150°C was ∼84.6% of that at 30°C. The highest external quantum efficiency acheived was 58.5%. SrAlSi 4 N 7 :Eu 2+ ‐based phosphors are potential for white light‐emitting diodes.
Common pitfalls in nanotechnology: lessons learned from NCI's Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (2012)

The Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory's (NCL) unique set-up has allowed our lab to handle and test a variety of nanoparticle platforms intended for the delivery of cancer therapeutics and/or imaging contrast agents. Over the last six years, the NCL has characterized more than 250 different nanomaterials from more than 75 different investigators. These submitted nanomaterials stem from a range of backgrounds and experiences, including government, academia and industry. This has given the NCL a unique and valuable opportunity to observe trends in nanoparticle safety and biocompatibility, as well as note some of the common mistakes and oversights of nanoformulation. While not exhaustive, this article aims to share some of the most common pitfalls observed by the NCL as they relate to nanoparticle synthesis, purification, characterization and analysis.
Fast Precise Point Positioning: A System to Provide Corrections for Single and Multi-Frequency Navigation (2016)

DOI: 10.1002/navi.148 In the paper, “Fast Precise Point Positioning: A System to Provide Corrections for Single and Multi-Frequency Navigation” (NAVIGATION, Vol. 63, No. 3, Fall 2016, pp. 231-247). The following data and image were incorrect. In Figure 13, plot right column, third row is repeated. The correct plot should be changed to. In Table 2 and 3 the coordinates for ufpr have been changed from -15°W -15°S to 15°W 15°S. In Table 3, the hyphen used in the 8th column, 6th row is shorter than the other hyphens. In Fast-PPP Satellite Orbits section, the first sentence was changed from “The Fast-PPP CPF orbit correction module can work Figure 1” to “The Fast -PPP CPF orbit correction module can work from broadcast or IGS orbits, as shown in Figure 1”. The text and image have been corrected in the online version of the article. We apologize for these errors.
A comparison of methods to estimate nutritional requirements from experimental data (2009)

1. Research papers use a variety of methods for evaluating experiments designed to determine nutritional requirements of poultry. Growth trials result in a set of ordered pairs of data. Often, point-by-point comparisons are made between treatments using analysis of variance. This approach ignores that response variables (body weight, feed efficiency, bone ash, etc.) are continuous rather than discrete. Point-by-point analyses harvest much less than the total amount of information from the data. Regression models are more effective at gleaning information from data, but the concept of "requirements" is poorly defined by many regression models. 2. Response data from a study of the lysine requirements of young broilers was used to compare methods of determining requirements. In this study, multiple range tests were compared with quadratic polynomials (QP), broken line models with linear (BLL) or quadratic (BLQ) ascending portions, the saturation kinetics model (SK) a logistic model (LM) and a compartmental (CM) model. 3. The sum of total residuals squared was used to compare the models. The SK and LM were the best fit models, followed by the CM, BLL, BLQ, and QP models. A plot of the residuals versus nutrient intake showed clearly that the BLQ and SK models fitted the data best in the important region where the ascending portion meets the plateau. 4. The BLQ model clearly defines the technical concept of nutritional requirements as typically defined by nutritionists. However, the SK, LM and CM models better depict the relationship typically defined by economists as the "law of diminishing marginal productivity". The SK model was used to demonstrate how the law of diminishing marginal productivity can be applied to poultry nutrition, and how the "most economical feeding level" may replace the concept of "requirements".
Composite Action in Eccentrically Braced Frames (1989)

The behavior of composite floor beams in eccentrically braced steel frames (EBFs) subjected to severe cyclic loading was experimentally investigated. The objectives of this study were to assess the cyclic strength and ductility of links in composite floor systems, and to determine the extent of the floor‐slab participation in the response of EBFs to earthquake loading. Six short links with a composite floor slab, and two short, bare steel links were tested using two‐thirds‐scale EBF subassemblies. The composite links, designed using current provisions for short, bare steel links, were found to yield and dissipate energy primarily in shear, and have a greater cyclic capacity compared to bare steel links. Web buckling in the composite links was adequately controlled using bare‐steel‐link design criteria to assure cyclic ductility. The extent of slab damage in the composite specimens was remarkably small and occurred primarily in the vicinity of the link. The test results indicate that the floor slab by itself does not provide adequate lateral bracing at the ends of the link.
Homeostasis as Regulated by Activated Macrophage. VIII. LPSw(a Lipopolysaccharide from Wheat Flour) Can Regulate Bone Resorption of Chick Embryo. (1992)

The effect of LPSw (a lipopolysaccharide from wheat flour) on the bone resorption of 18-d chick embryonic calvaria was examined in an organ culture following the method of Raisz. Bone was prelabeled in culture medium containing 45Ca and chased in a cold medium. On addition of test samples, labeled calcium was released indicating the grade of bone resorption. LPSw (10-100 ng/ml) stimulated bone resorption, showing an effect comparable to parathyroid hormone (PTH) (1 U/ml). PTH at 1 U/ml decreased the total amount of calcium and phosphorus, while LPSw did not. LPSw is thus assumed to stimulate bone resorption more actively than PTH.