gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties and morphology of poly(L-lactide). III. Effects of initial crystallinity on long-termin vitro hydrolysis of high molecular weight poly(L-lactide) film in phosphate-buffered solution (2000)

The effects of crystallinity (xc) on the hydrolysis of high molecular weight poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) films in a phosphate-buffered solution at 37°C was investigated by gel permeation chromatography, tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and polarizing optical microscopy. The change in molecular weight distribution and surface morphology of the PLLA films after hydrolysis revealed that the hydrolysis of PLLA film in a phosphate-buffered solution proceeded homogeneously along the film cross section, mainly via the bulk-erosion mechanism. The induction period until the start of the decrease in mass remaining and the tensile strength became longer with a decrease in the initial xc of the PLLA films. The rate of molecular weight reduction was higher as the initial xc of the PLLA films increased when hydrolysis was carried out up to 24 months. Melting and glass transition temperatures of the PLLA films increased in the first 12 months of hydrolysis, while they decreased in another 24 months, irrespective of the initial xc. The xc value of the PLLA films increased monotonously by hydrolysis. The lamella disorientation in PLLA spherulites after hydrolysis implied that the hydrolysis of PLLA chains occurred predominantly in the amorphous region between the crystalline regions in the spherulites. The area of a specific molecular weight in GPC spectra at 36 months increased with increase in the initial xc of the PLLA film, suggesting that the specific peak should be due to the component of one fold in the crystalline region. The reason for enhanced hydrolysis of PLLA films having higher initial crystallinities was discussed in terms of tie chains and terminal groups of PLLA. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1452–1464, 2000
Adhesivos dentinarios en conductos radiculares (2007)

El sellado que ofrecen las obturaciones de gutapercha en los tratamientos endodonticos no se considera optimo. La aplicacion de adhesivos para el sellado de los conductos radiculares, en cambio, ha arrojado resultados muy prometedores en diversos estudios. Con los nuevos productos disponibles en el mercado se esperan solucionar problemas como la complejidad asociada a los tratamientos y el tiempo de procesamiento cuando se utilizan selladores con base de metacrilato, si bien por el momento no se puede realizar ninguna recomendacion concreta en este sentido. La cementacion adhesiva de pernos radiculares reforzados con fibra parece ofrecer buenos resultados a la hora de evitar la perdida de retencion, perforaciones con el empleo de fresas y fracturas radiculares. No obstante, dado que todavia no se dispone de resultados de estudios clinicos prospectivos a largo plazo sobre los pernos reforzados con fibra, las estructuras con pernos metalicos fabricadas en el laboratorio siguen siendo las de primera eleccion.
Effects of UV irradiation on the fate of 5-bromodeoxyuridine-substituted bacteriophage T4 DNA (1983)

We have carried out a series of experiments designed to characterize the impact of UV irradiation (260 nm) on 5-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled (heavy) T4 bacteriophage, both before and after infection of Escherichia coli. In many respects, these effects differ greatly from those previously described for non-density-labeled (light) phage. Moreover, our results have led us to propose a model for a novel mechanism of host-mediated repair synthesis, in which excision of UV-damaged areas is followed by initiation of replication, strand displacement, and a considerable amount of DNA replication. UV irradiation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine-labeled phage results in single-stranded breaks in a linear, dose-dependent manner (1.3 to 1.5 breaks per genomic strand per lethal hit). This damage does not interfere with injection of the phage genome, but some of the UV-irradiated heavy phage DNA undergoes additional intracellular breakdown (also dose dependent). However, a minority (25%) of the injected parental DNA is protected, maintaining its preinjection size. This protected moiety is associated with a replicative complex of DNA and proteins, and is more efficiently replicated than is the parental DNA not so associated. Most of the progeny DNA is also found with the replicative complex. The 5-bromodeoxyuridine of heavy phage DNA is debrominated by UV irradiation, resulting in uracil which is removed by host uracil glycosylase. Unlike the simple gap-filling repair synthesis after infection with UV-irradiated light phage, the repair replication of UV-irradiated heavy phage is extensive as determined by density shift of the parental label in CsC1 gradients. The newly synthesized segments are covalently attached to the parental fragments. The repair replication takes place even in the presence of chloramphenicol, a protein synthesis inhibitor, suggesting it is host mediated. Furthermore, the extent of the repair replication is greater at higher doses of UV irradiation applied to the heavy phage. This abundant synthesis results ultimately in dispersion of the parental sequences as short stretches in the midst of long segments of newly synthesized progeny DNA. Together, the extensive replication and the resulting distribution pattern of parental sequences, without significant solubilization of parental label, are most consistent with a model of repair synthesis in which the leading strand displaces, rather than ligates to, the encountered 5' end.
Functional Expression and Characterization of Macaque C-C Chemokine Receptor 3 (CCR3) and Generation of Potent Antagonistic Anti-macaque CCR3 Monoclonal Antibodies (2002)

Eosinophils are major effector cells implicated in a number of chronic inflammatory diseases in humans, particularly bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. The beta-chemokine receptor C-C chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) provides a mechanism for the selective recruitment of eosinophils into tissue and thus has recently become an attractive biological target for therapeutic intervention. In order to develop in vivo models of inflammatory diseases, it is essential to identify and characterize the homologues of human eotaxin (C-C chemokine ligand 11) and CCR3 from other species, such as non-human primates. Accordingly, we cloned the macaque eotaxin and CCR3 genes and revealed that they were 91 and 92% identical at the amino acid level to their human homologues, respectively. Macaque CCR3 expressed in the murine pre-B L1-2 cell line bound macaque eotaxin with high affinity (K(d) = 0.1 nm) and exhibited a robust eotaxin-induced Ca(2+) flux and chemotaxis. Characterization of beta-chemokines on native macaque CCR3 on eosinophils was performed by means of eotaxin-induced shape change in whole blood using a novel signaling assay known as gated autofluorescence forward scatter. Additionally, mAbs were raised against macaque CCR3 using two different immunogens: a 30-amino acid synthetic peptide derived from the predicted NH(2) terminus of macaque CCR3 and intact macaque CCR3-transfected cells. These anti-macaque CCR3 monoclonal antibodies exhibited potent antagonist activity in receptor binding and functional assays. The characterization of the macaque eotaxin/CCR3 axis and development of antagonistic anti-macaque CCR3 monoclonal antibodies will facilitate the development of CCR3 small molecule antagonists with the hope of ameliorating chronic inflammatory diseases in humans.
High-Efficiency Class-F Amplifier Design In the Presence of Internal Parasitic Components of Transistors (2006)

In this paper, the authors present an efficient design method for high efficiency class-F amplifiers considering active devices with internal parasitic components. Considering internal drain current/voltage waveforms observed at the internal drain current source of the transistor, harmonics control and fundamental matching circuits are optimized to have higher power-added efficiency (PAE). Two 1.2GHz amplifiers were designed using a large-signal model of an LDMOSFET: one had harmonics control circuits optimized for external current/voltage waveforms and another had them optimized for internal waveforms. Simulation of the class-F amplifiers with two different output networks was conducted. Class-F amplifiers having an output network optimized for internal waveforms had 19% higher PAE (79% versus 60%)
Mutational spectrum of the succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH5A1) gene and functional analysis of 27 novel disease-causing mutations in patients with SSADH deficiency (2003)

Succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH; ALDH5A1) deficiency, a rare metabolic disorder that disrupts the normal degradation of GABA, gives rise to a highly heterogeneous neurological phenotype ranging from mild to very severe. The nature of the mutation has so far been reported in patients from six families world wide and eight different mutations were described. Here we report the mutational spectrum in 48 additional unrelated families of different geographic origin. We detected 27 novel mutations at the cDNA level, of which 26 could be attributed to changes at the genomic level. Furthermore, six mutations were detected that did not strongly affect SSADH activity when expressed in HEK 293 cells and are considered nonpathogenic allelic variants. Twenty of the mutations were only found in one family. The spectrum of disease-causing mutations from all patients sequenced thus far consists of 25 point mutations, four small insertions, and five small deletions. Seven of these mutations affect splice junctions, seven are nonsense mutations, and 12 are missense mutations. Although there were no mutational hotspots or prevalent mutations responsible for a significant number of cases, 14 out of 37 (38%) of the missense alleles were present in exon 4 or 5. With one exception, the missense mutations we consider to be causative of SSADH deficiency reduced the SSADH activity to less than 5% of the normal activity in our in vitro expression system. This indicates that residual expression is not likely to be an important factor contributing to the large phenotypic differences observed among different families and even among siblings, suggesting that other modifying factors are of great importance in disease pathology.
Polymerization of vinyl ether with magnesium compounds. II. Catalytic reactivity of magnesium compounds other than halides (1963)

Abstract Magnesium compounds, especially Grignard reagents were studied as catalysts in the polymerization of vinyl ethers. The Grignard reagent and diethyl magnesium possessed no activity for polymerization of vinyl ether. However, if the Grignard reagent is combined with some sort of third substances, it shows good activity. For these substances, oxygen, aldehydes, some metal oxides, and halogenated hydrocarbons seemed to be effective. The molecular weight of the polyvinyl ether obtained from this combined catalyst system is markedly higher than those of polymers obtained with the Friedel‐Crafts type of catalyst, but the polymer of vinyl ether obtained from this mixed catalyst possesses little crystalline structure. The possible mechanism of the polymerization with this mixed catalyst is thought to be a cationic initiation type, because the true active species are regarded to be intermediate compounds which are analogous to magnesium halides or alkoxymagnesium halides. In this connection, alkoxymagnesium halides and magnesium oxide were examined. They had a good activity for polymerization but did not yield a high polymer.
The initiation of high current density switching in electrically conductive polymer composite materials (1998)

In this paper, the idea that high power switching in conductor-filled polymer composite materials is triggered by the injection of a high energy density at the electrical contact interfaces is tested. A simple theoretical model for the electrical contact interface is developed and used to predict that the time required for switch initiation should be inversely proportional to the square of the product of average initial current and contact resistance. This scaling prediction is tested by means of switching experiments where the switch initiation time is monitored as a function of average initial current level and contact resistance. It is found that the experimental data are consistent with the theory over a variation of more than three orders of magnitude in both initial current level and contact resistance. In addition, it is determined that the data are consistent with the interpretation that polymer ablation is the physical event which triggers switching.
(S)-[1-(Benzyloxycarbonylamino)ethyl]phosphonic Acid (1995)

The title compound, C 10 H 14 NO 5 P, is one of a series of novel carbonic anhydrase inhibitors [Osapay & Csiba (1993). Eur. J. Med. Chem. 28, 355-361]. In an initial approach to structure-activity relationship studies, the molecular structure of the title compound was determined by X-ray crystallography. The molecule is fully extended with a trans urethane moiety. The phosphonate group emerges from the plane of the backbone with a 92.3° torsion angle. The orientation of phosphonate groups facilitates the formation of two intermolecular hydrogen bridges (1.812 and 2.253 A) between adjacent phosphonate moieties.
Pb/Ge(111)1×1: An anisotropic two-dimensional liquid (1990)

We report x-ray measurements of a ring of diffuse scattering due to a single layer of liquid Pb in the 1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 phase of Pb/Ge(111), above 180 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. The ring is part of a cylinder in reciprocal space, and its radial position differs significantly from that of the first ring due to bulk liquid Pb. The ring is found to be azimuthally anisotropic, due to interaction with the substrate.
Complexation Equilibria for the Copper—EDTA—Cyanide System (1995)

SummaryThe effect of cyanide additions to electroless copper solutions was studied using an ion-selective electrode (ISE), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and theoretical speciation curves. ISE results exhibited potential readings corresponding to less cyanide ion activity in a Cu-EDTA medium compared to a hydroxide medium. The reaction between formaldehyde and cyanide was also suppressed in a Cu-EDTA medium compared to an alkaline medium. EPR showed that cyanide additions to a Cu-EDTA medium resulted in a change in coordination chemistry of the copper complex yielding a mixture of two molecules or geometries which have been tentatively identified as distorted octahedral and tetrahedral or square planar. The identity of the cyanide ion containing copper species under plating conditions and the amount of free cyanide ion levels that exist in solutions of Cu(II)EDTA were determined from pertinent speciation diagrams. It is concluded that the primary copper-cyanide species does not contain EDTA and that copper exists as copper (I).
Purcell effect for CdSe∕ZnSe quantum dots placed into hybrid micropillars (2005)

This letter reports the observation of the Purcell effect for CdSe∕ZnSe quantum dots located in a hybrid micropillar. The sample consist of a λ∕2-ZnSe cavity sandwiched between two SiO2∕TiO2 Bragg reflectors. Time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) measurements on a series of single-quantum dots were used to probe the Purcell effect in a 1.1μm diameter pillar. A three-fold enhancement of quantum-dot spontaneous emission rate is observed for quantum dots in resonance with excited degenerated modes of the pillar. The variation of the PL decay shortening from dot to dot is interpreted calculating the theoretical maximal Purcell factor for the different modes resonant with the dots.
Inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme expression by subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations (1989)

We examined the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, tobramycin, and ceftazidime on Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoenzyme expression in vitro and in vivo. Exotoxin A, exoenzyme S, phospholipase C, elastase, and total protease activities were suppressed by antibiotics at concentrations as low as 1/20 of the MIC over a 24-h period in broth. Continuous 10-day exposure of P. aeruginosa DG1 broth cultures to antibiotic levels equal to 1/10 of the MIC reduced exoenzyme S activity in all treatment groups. Elastase activity was reduced only by ciprofloxacin and tobramycin treatment. This suppressive effect of the antibiotics persisted throughout the 10 days and was not influenced by the increase in MIC of ciprofloxacin detected during the course of the experiment. Rats chronically infected with P. aeruginosa were treated with subinhibitory doses of antibiotics and compared with untreated controls. Bacterial numbers in lung homogenates from each of the four study groups were identical. However, the lungs from antibiotic-treated rats had significantly less histological damage than those from control rats (P less than 0.001). The protective effect was greatest for ciprofloxacin and tobramycin. Further, P. aeruginosa isolates from ciprofloxacin- and tobramycin-treated rats demonstrated significantly less exoenzyme S and elastase activity than isolates from untreated rats (P less than 0.001). Isolates from ceftazidime-treated lungs expressed less exoenzyme S activity (P less than 0.001) but an equivalent amount of elastase activity as isolates from controls. The suppression of P. aeruginosa exoenzymes may arrest progressive lung injury during chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections.
Contact Toxicity of Insecticides Against the Brown Planthopper, Whitebacked Planthopper and Green Leafhopper, 1981 (1982)

Abstract The pyrethroids, MTI-500 and cypermethrin were applied as 0.0025% sprays and others as 0.075% sprays, equivalent to 0.025 and 0.75 kg ai/ha respectively as based on surface area of the petri dishes in which insects were treated. Treatments were replicated 4 times and consisted of 20 three-day-old adult females per replication.
External Parasites on Horses (2006)

Arthropod parasites of horses include internal bots that infest the digestive tract, mites that burrow in the skin and feed on the skin surface, ticks that infest the ears as well as the skin, lice that either suck blood or feed on skin, blood sucking flies and mosquitoes that range in size from biting gnats just observable with the naked eye to the large black horse flies which are almost one inch long. Non-biting flies such as house flies and face flies are also important in producing fly worry, irritation and disease transmission. This document is ENY-283 (IG139), one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 1980. Revised March 2006. ENY-283/IG139: External Parasites on Horses (ufl.edu)
Fine-grained AlN ceramics from nanopowder by spark plasma sintering (2010)

Aluminum nitride nanopowder was fabricated from transition alumina nanopowder by gas reduction–nitridation method. It was sintered by spark plasma sintering with 1 wt % Ca3Al2O6 as a sintering additive in nitrogen. The nanopowder with Ca3Al2O6 was densified up to 3.16 Mg/m3 of density at 1450°C, restraining grain growth. The nanopowder without additive was densified at 1550°C. The sintering temperature for dense aluminum nitride ceramic could be reduced by 1 wt % Ca3Al2O6 as a sintering additive.
On the assembly and structural modulation of lens fiber junctions (1984)

In the eye lens emerging molecular and structural patterns apparently cohabit with the remnants of the past. The lens in a rather puzzling fashion sums up its own natural history and even transient steps of the differentiation are memorized. A prototype of this situation is well outlined by the study of the lenticular intercellular junctions. These membrane domains exhibit structural, biochemical and perhaps functional polymorphism reflecting throughout life the multiple steps of the differentiation of the epithelium into fibers and of the ageing process of the lenticular cells. The most striking biochemical difference between the membrane derived from the epithelium and from the fibers respectively, concerns the presence of the 26,000 molecular weight polypeptide (MP26) in the latter membranes.
45  Phylogeny and systematics of <i>pseudodictyosphaerium, mychonastes</i> and related coccoid green algae (chlorophyceae) (2003)

Species of Mychonastes , Pseudodictyosphaerium , and Korshpalmella all have spherical (or nearly so) coccoid cells without pyrenoids. Mychonastes and Pseudodictyosphaerium are apparently frequent components of the picoplankton of lakes, although they had not been reported from North America prior to our studies. We have examined several isolates of Mychonastes , Pseudodictyosphaerium , and Korshpalmella from lakes and ponds in Itasca State Park, Minnesota (USA) and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuge, North Dakota (USA). These isolates comprise 5 different 18S rDNA sequence types, none of which have a sequence identical to any published sequence for Mychonastes or Pseudodictyosphaerium . Four of these 18S types produce solitary cells, consistent with Mychonastes spp. However, other isolates all have identical 18S rDNA sequences, but are either unicellular, colonial with connecting stalks, or colonial in an amorphous matrix, consistent with Mychonastes spp., Pseudodictyosphaerium spp. or Korshpalmella spp, respectively. For some isolates, the colonial character is plastic, with different morphologies seen with different growth conditions. Ribosomal ITS and rbcL sequences also indicate little or no diversity among the isolates with various morphologies. These results suggest that the colonial habit is not a reliable generic character. Phylogenetic analyses of both rbcL and 18S rDNA sequences indicate that Mychonastes and Pseudodictyosphaerium spp. are a distinct lineage within the Chlorophyceae and should be placed in a new family. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant Nos. DEB‐0128953, DEB‐0129030, DBI‐0070387 and MCB‐0084188.
ELECTRONIC SYNCHRONOUS SHAFT FOR SWIVEL AXES DRIVEN BY COUPLED SELFLOCKING WORMGEAR DRIVES (2014)

Coupling worm gears in large machine tool manipulator units (axes) can lead to overload damages under some operating conditions, like asymmetrical driving and emergency stop. This behaviour is caused by the self locking characteristic of worm gears with small pitch. If operated in the direction opposite to the designated one, self-locking can occur in the gears, subjecting the gears to an arbitrary torque which can be destructive. This condition can occur without counter torque on the driving side. In most gears, tooth engagement is based on a rolling motion. The slip component increases with a growing axis angle between the paired gears. In case of worm gears, the axis angle is 90_, and therefore the coupling is purely frictious.This friction coupling is important in modelling. Especially the transition between the static and dynamic friction, where the system parameters change abruptly by a factor of two, should not be neglected. Based on the evaluated model a synchronous controller has been developed. This controller gives the oppertunity to drive swiveling axes with coupled selflocking gears by a standard gantry topology with an overlayed state changing master-slave topology
Nutritional Studies on the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism: The Effect of Dietary Protein (2004)

食餌タンパク質は血清コレステロール濃度だけでなくリノール酸代謝にも影響し, 特に大豆タンパク質の摂食はカゼイン摂食に比べ, リノール酸代謝系の律速酵素である肝臓ミクロソームのΔ6不飽和化酵素の活性を低下させ, 肝臓リン脂質のアラキドン酸/リノール酸比を減少させる。このタンパク質効果は, 肝臓ミクロソームのコレステロール/リン脂質比の変化に伴うミクロソーム膜流動性の変化を介して起こっているものと考えられた。食餌タンパク質の効果にはそのアミノ酸組成が関与し, アルギニン含量の重要性が示唆された。また, 大豆タンパク質の摂取はカゼイン摂取に比べ血清・肝臓トリグリセリド濃度や脂肪組織重量を低下させ, 肝臓での脂肪酸β酸化能を亢進した。最近, 共役リノール酸 (CLA) の体脂肪減少作用が注目されているが, 大豆タンパク質を同時に摂食することでCLAの体脂肪減少作用はさらに効果的となることが示唆された。