gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophins, endocannabinoids and thermo‐transient receptor potential: a threesome in pain signalling (2014)

Because of the social and economic costs of chronic pain, there is a growing interest in unveiling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it with the aim of developing more effective medications. Pain signalling is a multicomponent process that involves the peripheral and central nervous systems. At the periphery, nociceptor sensitisation by pro-inflammatory mediators is a primary step in pain transduction. Although pain is multifactorial at cellular and molecular levels, it is widely accepted that neurotrophin (TrkA, p75NTR, Ret and GFRs), cannabinoid (CB1 and CB2), and thermo-transient receptor potential (TRPs; TRPV1, TRPA1 and TRPM8) receptors play a pivotal role. They form a threesome for which endocannabinoids appear to be a first line of defence against pain, while neurotrophins and thermoTRPs are the major generators of painful signals. However, endocannabinoids may exhibit nociceptive activity while some neurotrophins may display anti-nociception. Accordingly, a clear-cut knowledge of the modulation and context-dependent function of these signalling cascades, along with the molecular and dynamic details of their crosstalk, is critical for understanding and controlling pain transduction. Here, the recent progress in this fascinating topic, as well as the tantalizing questions that remain unanswered, will be discussed. Furthermore, we will underline the need for using a systems biology approach (referred to as systems pain) to uncover the dynamics and interplay of these intricate signalling cascades, taking into consideration the molecular complexity and cellular heterogeneity of nociceptor populations. Nonetheless, the available information confirms that pharmacological modulation of this signalling triad is a highly valuable therapeutic strategy for effectively treating pain syndromes.
Measurement of Heated Skin O<sub>2</sub>Diffusion Conductance and Po<sub>2</sub>Sensor Induced O<sub>2</sub>Gradient (1978)

A large cathode heated transcutaneous Po2 electrode was used to measure the resistance of skin to diffusion of O2 from the capillary bed to the surface. With a non-02-consuming tcPo2 electrode, one would read ideal tcPo2, P1, which approximates Pao2 between 50 and 100 mmHg due to approximate cancellation of the rise by heating and the fall by skin O2 consumption. When a large cathode tcPo2 electrode is used, its O2 consumption causes a Po2 gradient across skin resistance, Rs, which depends on electrode membrane resistance, RM (with Mylar), or RT (with Teflon). Surface Po2 will fall below P1, and assuming no change in capillary Po2: PT/Pi = RT/(RT + Rs) and PM/P1, = RM/(RM + Rs) (1) 12 μm Teflon is 50 times as permeable to O2 as 6 μm Mylar. When an electrode, covered alternately with these two membranes, was mounted on the same skin site in six subjects, the mean observed PT/PM was about 0.3. Substituting in equation (1) yields RT/Rs = 0.4, Rm/Rs = 20, and Pm/P1 = 0.95. Using the known 02 permeability of Teflon, we computed skin O2 conductance to be 6.6 pmol O2/(cm2. s. kPa), or 15 nl 02/(cm2s'atm). This method thus provides a way of determining ideal tcPo2 and stirring effect, Ø, of other electrodes and various membranes.
SOFT X-RAY IRRADIATION TECHNIQUES. RESONANCE IN RADIATION EFFECTS. Technical (Progress) Report No. 3 (1961)

Studies are being made of the energy dependence of radiation damage in the soft x ray region, from 5 to 40 kev. Methods for the production of monochromatic radiation in this region are described. Principles of operation and resolution of a high-output Bragg Spectrometer are discussed. Principles of the use of x-ray fluorescence are outlined. Techniques for the use of x-ray fluorescence as a radiation source are described. (M.C.G.)
Characterization of the Hepatic Glucagon Receptor (1984)

The hepatic glucagon receptor was covalently labeled with [125I-Tyr10]-monoiodoglucagon by use of the heterobifunctional crosslinker hydroxysuccinimidyl-p-azidobenzoate and analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The autoradiogram of the gel showed one band at Mr = 63,000 that was sensitive to excess unlabeled glucagon and GTP. The labeled receptor was solubilized with Lubrol-PX and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the receptor were determined. The molecular parameters of the solubilized receptor are S20,w = 4.3 +/- 0.1, Stokes radius = 6.3 +/- 0.1 nm, frictional coefficient f/f degrees = 1.8 and a calculated Mr = 119,000. Incubation of liver membranes at 32 degrees for 15 min prior to the addition of [125I-Tyr10] permitted us to identify the high molecular weight form (Mr approximately equal to 113,000) by direct SDS-gel electrophoretic analysis. Limited elastase treatment of the hormone-occupied receptor results in the appearance of a Mr = 33,000 fragment, that retains guanine nucleotide sensitivity. Elastase treatment of vacant receptors results in a Mr = 24,000 fragment that binds hormone in a GTP-sensitive manner. The Mr = 24,000 fragment is contained within the Mr = 33,000 fragment. The Mr = 63,000 receptor upon treatment with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamine F for 4 h yields four fragments of apparent Mr = 61,000, 56,000, 51,000, and 45,000; 24 h treatment results in the accumulation of the last two fragments. Neither Mr = 33,000 and 24,000 fragment appear to be substrates for endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F. These data allow us to conclude that the hepatic glucagon receptor in the membrane is a dimer of approximately 60,000 dalton hormone binding subunit which is a glycoprotein containing at least four N-linked glycans accounting for 18,000 daltons of its mass. Both the hormone binding function and the capacity for the interaction with the stimulatory regulator of adenylyl cyclase are contained within a fragment of only approximately 21,000 daltons that does not contain any N-linked glycans.
Multispectrum, spatially addressable polarization interference filter (2002)

We review current synthesis techniques for generating and improving birefringent filters. The relationship between wave-plate orientation and the resulting spectral output is shown to be that of a simple Fourier transform. By using this relationship and starting from the fan Solc configuration, we easily generated plate orientations providing lower sidelobe levels and improved finesse. We outline a method by which filters can be constructed to provide from 0 to 100% of the desired passband in a continuous fashion. Such a filter can be stacked to allow rapid control of any number of passbands and is shown, as an example in a novel design employing super-twisted nematic liquid crystal elements, to control a maximum of three color bands.
Lanthanum(III) Oxide as a Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfides and Diaryl Selenides (2009)

Abstract La 2 O 3 as a new and efficient recyclable catalyst in coupling various aryl halides with aromatic/alkyl thiols and diphenyl diselenide in combination with KOH as a base and DMEDA as a ligand in DMSO at 110 °C is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Three-dimensional mapping of oxygen tension in cortical arterioles before and after occlusion (2013)

Occlusions in single cortical microvessels lead to a reduction in oxygen supply, but this decrement has not been able to be quantified in three dimensions at the level of individual vessels using a single instrument. We demonstrate a combined optical system using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime and fluorescence microscopy (2PLM) to characterize the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in single descending cortical arterioles in the mouse brain before and after generating a targeted photothrombotic occlusion. Integrated real-time Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (LSCI) provides wide-field perfusion maps that are used to monitor and guide the occlusion process while 2PLM maps changes in intravascular oxygen tension. We present the technique's utility in highlighting the effects of vascular networking on the residual intravascular oxygen tensions measured after occlusion in three dimensions.
Abstract 899: Selective clearance of cells undergoing therapy-induced senescence in a model of triple negative breast cancer (2019)

Despite the ability of chemotherapy (and/or radiation) to eliminate the majority of tumor cells, some residual surviving cells may be able to escape cell death by entering into a prolonged senescence-based growth arrest. In addition to apoptosis, the majority of anti-cancer therapies induce senescence that has long been considered to be a favorable outcome of treatment due to its perceived irreversibility. However, accumulating studies in the literature demonstrate that therapy induced senescence may reflect one form of tumor dormancy and disease recurrence, when senescent cells are able to regain proliferative capacity. Tumor cells that escape dormancy often demonstrate an aggressive phenotype and are refractory to further treatment. Senescent cells are characterized by a specific (though often heterogeneous) secretory profile (Senescence Associated Secretory Phenotype or SASP), some components of which have been shown to promote tumorigenesis and may assist in neoplastic escape after therapy. In the current work, we evaluated the capacity of the BCL protein family inhibitor, ABT 263, to selectively clear breast tumor cells induced into senescence by doxorubicin. MDA-MB231-231 human breast cancer cells (a model of triple negative breast cancer) were induced into senescence upon exposure to a clinical concentration of the chemotherapeutic agent, doxorubicin (Dox). While a fraction of the MDA-MB-231 cell population underwent cell death, a large subpopulation entered into a state of prolonged growth arrest that lasted for several days, after which time the cells recovered proliferative capacity and formed colonies. At the time points when cells were arrested, prominent Senescence Associated β-Galactosidase staining marker indicative of senescence. In addition, tumor tissue collected from mice that received injections of Dox also were positive for β-Galactosidase staining. Cells induced into senescence and treated with ABT263 for 18 hours showed a significant increase in apoptosis and did not regain colony forming capabilities. We therefore postulate that senescence and escape from senescence may represent a form of tumor dormancy and disease recurrence, respectively. Consequently, if Therapy Induced Senescence is a deleterious outcome of treatment, it is of importance to identify strategies that might prevent senescent cells from neoplastic escape and induce cell death in order to completely eliminate residual tumors and thereby interfere with disease recurrence.Citation Format: Liliya Tyutyunyk, Tareq Saleh, David A. Gewirtz. Selective clearance of cells undergoing therapy-induced senescence in a model of triple negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 899.
Spectreatment. Fluo3D (2012)

Année de la première version : 2012Documents associés disponibles : Documentation utilisateur – GuideInterface utilisateur : interface graphiqueN° de dépôt APP : IDDN.FR.001.200030.000R.P.2012.000.31235
Polynomial testing of packet switching networks (1989)

A functional testing method called polynomial testing is proposed to test packet-switching networks (PSNs) used in multiprocessor systems. Focus is on applying the method to packet-switching multistage interconnection networks (PMINs). A multiple stuck-at (MSA) fault model is developed and faults are diagnosed at two different levels: network level and switch level. The former uses each processor as a tester and can test part of the network concurrently with the normal operations on the remaining part of the network; the latter uses switches in the network as testers and is inherently an autonomous testing method. To facilitate the network-level testing, the routing dynamic in a PMIN is eliminated by synchronizing switch operations. The network is then decomposed into routes, each of which is tested after transforming it into a polynomial calculator. For switch-level testing, a built-in tester (BIT) is embedded into each switch's structure to provide self-testing capabilities. Network-level testing is distributed and suitable for concurrent testing, whereas switch-level testing is done offline, and needs only a small testing time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>p</i>-type doping of gallium antimonide grown by molecular beam epitaxy using silicon (1990)

We report the first effective p-type doping of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) grown GaSb using silicon. The samples were grown by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by Hall-effect measurements and photoluminescence. Room-temperature hole concentrations ranging from 4.0×1015 to 4.3×1018 cm−3 were obtained. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra undergo considerable broadening with increasing doping concentration, consistent with an impurity banding picture. Furthermore, the MBE-grown samples display only one of the two PL features found in a melt-grown substrate and no other satellites, suggesting higher material purity. This may be a direct benefit from the use of an antimony cracker, ultrahigh vacuum conditions, and high-purity elemental sources. The short-period strained-layer superlattice buffering scheme employed may have also contributed to better structural quality.
Fully-integrated core chip for X-band phased array T/R modules (2004)

This paper discusses the final result of development effort leading to a fully-integrated phased-array core chip. The MMIC is especially useful for active electronically-steered arrays, and integrates a full functionality including low-noise amplifier (LNA), a medium-power amplifier (MPA) matched to common high-power amplifiers (HPA) and all control functions. The design and measurement results will be discussed. The integration of an LNA and MPA makes this MMIC an ideal candidate for a two chip T/R module solution. The MMIC is realised in the 0.25/spl mu/m pHEMT and process of UMS.
Novel Lighting Industry Coating Applications (1995)

Coated reflectors, lenses and lamps used in lighting systems are a growth market. Their cost is justified by achieving energy conservation, increased performance and system variability.
Membrane Separation for Hydrogen Utilization (2005)

Recent trends in the research and development of palladium-based membranes and hydrogen selective ceramic membranes are overviewed. The purpose of developing these membranes is to incorporate them into fuel cell system, in which hydrogen production process consisting of reforming, shift reaction and CO removal is focused.
749 COMPLEMENT 3 ACTIVATES THE RENAL RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM BY THE EPITHELIAL-TO-MESENCHYMAL TRANSITION (2012)

Objective: Recent studies have suggested that complement 3 (C3) excerts the pleiotrophic effects to maintain the stemness and the synthetic phenotype of mesenchymal cells. We have demonstrated that mesenchymal cells such as VSMCs and mesangial cells from SHR genetically produce C3. Mature tubular epithelial cells in adult kidney canundergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a phenotypicconversion that is fundamentally linked to the pathogenesisof renal interstitial fibrosis. We investigated role of C3 in EMT phenomena and the renal renin-angiotensin (RA) systems. Methods: Mice TCMK-1 epithelial cells were incubated with C3a in vitro. We induced EMT by UUO in wild type B6 or C3 KO mice. EMT was evaluated by decreases in E-cadherin and increases in α-SMA of h-caldesmon.The expression for C3 and renin was examined by immunocytochemistry, Western Blot and real time PCR. Expressions for C3, renin, LXRα and rorenin receptor were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time PCR. Results: C3a induced EMT and in TCMK-1 cells in which renin was expressed with nuclear localization of LXRα. In wild type mice, C3 and renin were strongly stained in the degenerated nephrotubulus at same localization with increases in expression of LXRα and rorenin receptor. In C3 KO mice, the EMT phenomen was suppressed with no expression of renin and C3. Conclusion: C3 induce the EMT to dedifferentiate the epithelial cells that produce renin through the induction of LXRα in kidney. C3 may be a primary factor to activate the renal RA systems to induce hypertension.
Interrelations between mucosal and luminal microflora of gastrointestine (1987)

The quantitative relations of various groups of microbes, the biological properties of lactobacilli in the luminal and mucosal microfloras of the gastrointestine of rats after having received kanamycin and after starvation, of conventional and germfree mice after irradiation and of piglets of different ages were compared. It was revealed that there exists a positive correlation between the mucosal and the lumenal microfloras which remains considerably stable under different conditions. Nevertheless, in case of irradiation or starvation influencing the gastrointestine microflora, the mucosal microflora gets more changed and the translocation of microbes through the mucosa into blood circulation takes place. The mucosal lactoflora of piglets is formed during the first (1-5) days of life on account of microbes with well-expressed antagonistic activity and lysozyme resistance.
Investigation of the Mechanism of Poly (Vinyl Alcohol)-Iodine Complex (1974)

This 24 page thesis examines the PVA-iodine reaction mechanism.
Measurements of Man-Made Spectrum Noise Floor (2004)

This report consolidates research carried out at Clemson University and Stanford University where a series of measurements were undertaken to identify the man-made radiation present in four bands used by rather different services, namely, L1 Band (1563.42 1587.42 MHz), the Unified S-Band (2025 2110 MHz), the 2.4 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) Band (2400 2482.50 MHz), and the 23.6-24.0 GHz Passive Sensing Band. Results show that there were distinctive differences in the measurement data in the frequency bands, which should be expected based on the function/regulation associated with each. The GPS L1 Band had little to none terrestrial man-made sources, but the ISM 2.4 GHz Band had a large number of man-made sources regardless of the site and the time. The Unified S Band showed mixed results depending on the sites. The Passive Sensing Band does not contain appreciable man-made radiation.
Implementation and measurements of efficient communication facilities for distributed database systems (2003)

Experimentation with several methods of providing efficient communication facilities for distributed database systems is described. These studies give insight into the delays incurred by applications running on distributed systems. Five different mechanisms for local interprocess communications (two variations with message queues, named pipes, shared memory, and UDP sockets) have been implemented, compared, and analyzed. The most efficient of these is three times as fast as UDP for 1000-byte messages. Kernel-level software multicast and hardware multicast have also been implemented and their performance analyzed. The results show the significant advantage of using these techniques instead of using multiple sends and receives at the user level. The design of a facility that allows the dynamic addition of user-level protocols such as two-phase commit, clock synchronization, etc. to an operating system kernel is presented. The facility is based on a simple stack-based language that provides the functionality and security required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the Nonexistence of Relevant Subsets in Location Models (1977)

Let X denote a vector of observations from a location parameter model whose first moment exists, and let A denote an invariant set of (X,9) values such that Sx = (ej(x,9) F. A} are level Y confidence regions and for each x, Sx has fiducial probability Y .!tis shown that there is no subset C of X values such that in 9 P 9(Ajc) > y or such that sup 9 P 9 (Alc) < Y
Quick & Clean: Advances in High Resolution Stencil Lithography (2007)

LMIS1
Unsaturated carbenes from primary vinyl trifluoromethanesulphonates. α-vs.β-elimination from monoalkyl primary vinyl trifluoromethanesulphonates (1975)

P. J. Stang, J. Davis and D. P. Fox, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 17 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000017
Structural Determinants Regulating Expression of the High Affinity Leukotriene B4 Receptor (2004)

Mutational analysis of determinants located in the C-terminal (C) tail of the high affinity leukotriene (LT) B(4) receptor, BLT1, was performed to assess their significance in BLT1 trafficking. When expressed in COS-7 cells, a BLT1 deletion mutant lacking the C-tail (G291stop) displayed higher numbers of binding sites and increased signal transduction compared with wild-type (WT) BLT1. Addition of the C-tail from either the platelet-activating factor receptor or the LTD(4) receptor, CysLT1, did not restore WT phenotype. Moreover, the number of LTB(4) binding sites was higher in the chimeras than in the WT BLT1, suggesting the requirement for specific structural determinants within the BLT1 C-tail. Elimination of a distal C-tail dileucine motif (Leu(304)-Leu(305)), but not the proximal (Leu(292)-Leu(293)) motif, altered BLT1 pharmacological characteristics and caused a moderate constitutive receptor activation. Surprisingly, all mutant receptors were efficiently delivered to the plasma membrane, but not to a greater extent than WT BLT1, as assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, substitution of Leu(304)-Leu(305) prevented LTB(4)-induced BLT1 internalization. Molecular modeling of BLT1 on the bovine rhodopsin receptor scaffold strongly suggested the involvement of the distal dileucine motif (Leu(304)-Leu(305)) in a hydrophobic core, including intrahelical interactions within alpha-helix VIII and interhelical interactions with residues of helix I. Disruption of this hydrophobic core is proposed to increase the population of receptors in the active form, to restrain their trafficking and to facilitate the activation of BLT1 as indicated by the increased maximal level of binding of the ligand and constitutive activation of the receptor.
The Use of Cationic Surfactants in Electrochemistry and Catalysis on Platinum (1982)

The addition of cationic surfactants, especially Hyamine 2389 (predominantly methyldodecylbenzyl trimethylammonium chloride) to aqueous systems has been shown to increase yields in electrolytic synthesis studies, to make possible voltammetric studies of various organic and inorganic compounds using platinum electrodes, and to accelerate the rate of hydrolysis of esters on platinum surfaces. The surfactant accomplishes this by solubilizing the compounds in micelles and by forming a hydrophobic film on the surface of the platinum which excludes water but allows the penetration of the reactants to the surface. The film structure has been indicated to be similar to the structure of an inverted micelle. It is caused by adsorption of chloride ions on the platinum and the attachment of the quaternary ion by ion pairing. One can cause alternating increases and decreases in the rate of electrooxidation and catalytic esterification by the presence of monolayers, bilayers, etc.