gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Facial Landmark Detection Under Significant Head Poses and Occlusion (2015)

There have been tremendous improvements for facial landmark detection on general "in-the-wild" images. However, it is still challenging to detect the facial landmarks on images with severe occlusion and images with large head poses (e.g. profile face). In fact, the existing algorithms usually can only handle one of them. In this work, we propose a unified robust cascade regression framework that can handle both images with severe occlusion and images with large head poses. Specifically, the method iteratively predicts the landmark occlusions and the landmark locations. For occlusion estimation, instead of directly predicting the binary occlusion vectors, we introduce a supervised regression method that gradually updates the landmark visibility probabilities in each iteration to achieve robustness. In addition, we explicitly add occlusion pattern as a constraint to improve the performance of occlusion prediction. For landmark detection, we combine the landmark visibility probabilities, the local appearances, and the local shapes to iteratively update their positions. The experimental results show that the proposed method is significantly better than state-of-the-art works on images with severe occlusion and images with large head poses. It is also comparable to other methods on general "in-the-wild" images.
Socially Optimal Queuing Control in Cognitive Radio Networks Subject to Service Interruptions: To Queue or Not to Queue? (2011)

The main challenge to cognitive radio is the emergence of primary users, which can be considered as the service interruptions in a queuing system. The service interruption can incur significant delays for secondary users' data packets which are considered as secondary customers. Therefore, a secondary customer needs to decide whether to join the queue or leave for other means of transmission. It is shown that the individually optimal strategy for joining the queue is characterized by a threshold of queue length. When the current queue length is above this threshold, the secondary customer should leave; otherwise it should join the queue. The socially optimal threshold of queue length is also obtained and is numerically shown to be smaller than the individually optimal one, which implies that the individually optimal strategy does not yield the socially optimal one. To bridge the gap between the individually and socially optimal strategies, a pricing mechanism is proposed to toll the service of each secondary customer, thus equalizing the two optimal strategies. When the channel statistics are unknown, an online learning procedure, based on the Kiefer-Wolfowitz algorithm, is proposed. The proposed algorithms are then demonstrated using numerical simulations.
Finding the economic limit of fine coal cleaning (1984)

The author mentions some general principles of coal supply economics that a producer should assess in arriving at a reasonable return on investment. He discusses the topic of how much the user can afford to pay for higher quality coals while still maintaining the lowest cost per unit of electricity. It is the author's opinion that, to assess the cost benefits of improved quality to a power plant, extensive burn tests are required.
Serum uric acid concentration as a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality: a longterm cohort study of atomic bomb survivors. (2005)

Increased serum uric acid level is a significant and independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality in women and for all-cause mortality in both men and women.
Tilsløring og afsløring af retorikken (2008)

Rhetoric has been characterized throughout its history as an art that must conceal itself to succeed. Two arenas where rhetoric has been most successfully concealed are those of science and technology. This essay explores the general conditions and justifications for the concealment of rhetoric, finding that four principles appear repeatedly in the ancient tradition: suspicion, spontaneity, sincerity, and mimesis. In response, rhetorical art has developed strategies to allay suspicion, create the impression of spontaneity and sincerity, and emphasize the direct mimetic power of language, strategies that themselves must be concealed. Two examples drawn from the rhetoric of science and technology, specifically the discourse of risk analysis, illustrate the operation of rhetorical concealment. The first example, a foundational 1969 scientific article by engineer Chauncey Starr, relies on an unacknowledged rhetoric of pathos; the second, the 1975 Reactor Safety Study by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, relies on an appeal to ethos, disguised as technical expertise. Keywords rhetoric of science, risk analysis, pathos, ethos, mimesis, concealed rhetoric
Non-Economic Aspects of Academic Morale (1960)

Everett C. Hughes, Non-Economic Aspects of Academic Morale, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 42, No. 3, Part 2. Higher Education in the United States: The Economic Problems (Aug., 1960), pp. 118-121
Tuberculostatic Compounds. I. Ethers of 2-Hydroxy-5-aminopyridine (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTuberculostatic Compounds. I. Ethers of 2-Hydroxy-5-aminopyridineHarris L. Friedman, Leo D. Braitberg, Alexander V. Tolstoouhov, and Edmond T. TiszaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 5, 1204–1206Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01197a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01197a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views323Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigation of Fuel Components Produced by the Isomerization of Bio-Paraffin Mixtures (2011)

The importance of biofuels becomes more acute, especially in the European Union. Beside them, the biogasoil is a promising product that is a fuel with high isoparaffin content in the gas oil boiling range, which can be produced by the catalytic hydrogenation of different natural triglycerides. In order to improve the cold flow properties of mixtures consist of mainly normal paraffins they have to be isomerized. In this paper the isomerization of paraffin mixture consists of only normal and iso-paraffin was studied on 0.5% Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst at 300–380 °C temperature, 40 bar pressure, 0.5–4.0 h-1 of liquid space velocity and 400 Nm3/m3 of H2/feed ratio. It was found that CFPP value of the products can be tailored between -7 °C and -15 °C at a gas oil yield of 85–95%. During the conversion 2–5% of bio-jet fuel was obtained with CFPP value of between -55 °C and -45 °C. Bio-naphtha also formed with a yield of 2–5.5%, which can be used as a feedstock of naphtha isomerization. All of the products are free of aromatics, sulphur and nitrogen content, so they are environmentally sound blending component.
An improved markov random field model for supporting verbose queries (2009)

Recent work in supervised learning of term-based retrieval models has shown significantly improved accuracy can often be achieved via better model estimation. In this paper, we show retrieval accuracy with Metzler and Croft's Markov random field (MRF) approach can be similarly improved via supervised learning. While the original MRF method estimates a parameter for each of its three feature classes from data, parameters within each class are set via a uniform weighting scheme adopted from the standard unigram. We conjecture greater MRF retrieval accuracy should be possible by better estimating within-class parameters, particularly for verbose queries employing natural language terms. Retrieval experiments with these queries on three TREC document collections show our improved MRF consistently out-performs both the original MRF and supervised unigram baselines. Additional experiments using blind-feedback and evaluation with optimal weighting demonstrate both the immediate value and further potential of our method.
Einleitung (1996)

Die Motivation der Finanzierungstheorie zur Analyse und Modellierung von Preisbildungsprozessen1 besteht im wesentlichen in dem Ziel, Erkenntnisse über die diesen Prozessen zugrunde liegenden Strukturen zu gewinnen2. Ausgehend von der grundsätzlichen Voraussetzung, daß auf der Basis von informationen die Preise entsprechend eines der Preisbildung zugrunde liegenden Gleichgewichtsmodells generiert werden, wird ein Markt nach Fama 3 als effizient bezeichnet, wenn „... security prices fully reflect all available information.“ Die Existenz eines effizienten Marktes führt damit zu der Konsequenz, daß die Preisänderungen an einem solchen Markt ausschließlich auf zukünftigen Informationen basieren, wobei die Zufälligkeit dieser Informationen in der klassischen finanzwirtschaftlichen Literatur zu der Modellierung der Preisänderungen als Realisationen einer unabhängig und identisch normalverteilten Zufallsvariable mit einem Erwartungswert von Null und konstanter Varianz geführt hat. Nach dieser Annahme ist der beste Prediktor für den zukünftigen Kurs eines Finanztitels dessen zuletzt verfügbarer Kurs. Vergangene Informationen enthalten keine Möglichkeit zur Prognostizierbarkeit der zukünftigen Preisentwicklung, der Markt ist effizient. Diese als Random-Walk bezeichnete Modellierung ist jedoch in zweifacher Hinsicht problematisch.
Formation of .eta.1-iminoacyl compounds by insertion of isonitriles into pentamethylcyclopentadienyl-tetramethylfulvene compounds of titanium and zirconium. Intramolecular C-H activation of a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl group to give a tridentate ligand with two bridged cyclopentadienyl rings and a titanium-vinyl bond in the bridge. Molecular structure of [cyclic][.eta.5:.eta.1:.eta.5-C5Me4CH2C(NHXyl):CN(Xyl)CH2C5Me4]TiCl and [cyclic]Cp*[.eta.5:.eta.1-C5Me4CH2C(:NXyl)C(:NXyl)]ZrCl (Xyl=2,6-Me2C6H3) (1991)

Cp*FvMCl [Cp* = η5-C5Me5, Fv = η6-C5Me4CH2; M = Ti (1), Zr (2)] react with CN(2,6-Me2C6H3 (CNXyl) to give η1-iminoacyl complexes Cp*[η5:η1-C5Me4CH2C(=NXyl)]MCl [M = Ti (3), Zr (4)] through insertion of the isonitrile into the M-CH2(Fv) bond. Both iminoacyl complexes, 3 and 4, react with free isonitrile to give a second insertion and coupling of two CNXyl molecules with formation of Cp*[η5:η1-C5Me4CH2C(=NXyl)C(=NXyl)]MCl [M = Ti (5), Zr (6)]. The molecular structure of 6 shows a typical bent metallocene geometry around zirconium with two coupled isonitrile fragments attached to a cyclopentadienyl ligand and one of them η1-bonded through the carbon atom to the metal. Compound 6 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 12.431 (2) Å, b = 16.820 (5) Å, c = 16.434 (3) Å, β = 102.06 (2)°, V = 3360 (1) Å3, and Z = 4. The Zr-Cl(2.430 (1) Å) and the Zr-C(iminoacy1) [2.336 (2) Å] bonds are located in the equatorial plane between the cyclopentadienyl ligands [Cl-Zr-C 97.68 (6)°]. Compound 5 rearranges thermally through C-H activation of a methyl substituent on a pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligand and forms a bis(peralkylcyclopentadienyl) titanium vinyl chloride complex [η5:η1:η5-C5Me4CH2C(NHXyl)=CN(Xyl)CH2C5Me4]TiCl (7), in which the cyclopentadienyl ligands are bridged by a C3NC chain. The bridge itself is bonded to titanium through a regular Ti-C bond, connecting the metal with a C=C fragment of the coupled isonitrile molecules. Crystals of 7 are triclinic, space group P1, with a = 8.946 (1) Å, b = 13.499 (3) Å, c = 16.360 (3) Å, (α = 102.91 (1)°, β = 102.81 (1)°, γ = 108.28 (1)°, V = 1735.3 (6) Å3, and Z = 2. The peralkylcyclopentadienyl ligands form a normal bent metallocene, bridged at the front of the wedge by a five-membered chain. The Ti-Cl [2.374 (1) Å] and the Ti-C [2.158 (4) Å] bonds are located in the equatorial plane of the titanocene unit [Cl-Ti-C 97.7 (1)°]. Bridging of the cyclopentadienyl ligands is also found for the zirconium complex 6, but the main product results from a 1,3-hydrogen shift in the side chain to give a cyclopentadienyl-amide bidentate ligand and formation of Cp*[η5:η1-C6Me4CH=C(CH=NXyl)NXyl]ZrCl (8).
Relative Sensitivity of Gel Diffusion, Complement Fixation, and Immunoelectroosmophoresis Tests for Detection of Hepatitis-Associated Antigen and Antibody (1971)

The immunoelectroosmophoresis (IEOP) test was compared with gel diffusion and complement fixation (CF) tests for sensitivity in detecting hepatitis-associated antigen (HAA) in the sera of hepatitis patients, for titration of HAA, and for detection of antibody to HAA. The IEOP test was found to be slightly more sensitive than either gel diffusion or CF tests for detection of antigen in the patients' sera. Titers of HAA demonstrated by IEOP were higher than those seen in gel diffusion tests but lower than CF titers. The gel diffusion test with an "enhancement" pattern was found to be more reliable than the other two procedures for detection of low levels of anti-HAA, due to the greater inhibitory effect of an antigen excess in the IEOP system and the possible masking of low levels of antibody by anticomplementary activity in the CF test system. Staining of immunoprecipitates in the IEOP test contributed little to the sensitivity of the test for detection of HAA.
Fractional delay filter design for sample rate conversion (2012)

With a large number of different standards of sample rates we often need to use sample rate conversion algorithms. If the resampling ratio is not expressed as the ratio of small integer numbers or is not a fixed value, the sample rate conversion algorithm based on fractional delay filters might be used since it allows for arbitrary resampling ratios. The performance of such algorithm depends solely on the method used to design fractional delay filters. In this paper we propose a novel classification of fractional delay filter design methods dividing them into three general categories: optimal fractional filter design, offset window method and polyphase decomposition. The proposed classification is based on differences in properties of the sample rate conversion algorithm based on fractional delay filters.
Head/disk interface failure mechanism (1990)

The problem of head crashes in magnetic disk recording is discussed. The events which precede typical failures of head/disk interfaces have been studied. These include perturbations in the slider dynamics, which was studied with a laser system; debris buildup on head and disk; and the cross transfer of debris, which starts a cycle that can ultimately lead to failure. Based on these observations, a qualitative model of the mechanism leading to typical head crashes is proposed. This model can be extended to many atypical head/disk interface failures as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
POTENCIALIDAD TERAPÉUTICA DEL AGUA DEL MANANTIAL DE SANDIM THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF THE WATER FROM THE SANDIM SPRING POTENCIALIDADE TERAPÉUTICA DO AUGA DO MANANTIAL DE SANDIM (2004)

Abstract Resumen Resumo The ‘water culture’ has been coming back to life during past few years, as a response to the increasing social concern about the quality of life. In this context, the spring of Sandim (located in the Province of Bragança, North of Portugal), which belongs to the hydrographic basin of the Duero river and close to the Spanish border (Province of Ourense) has been sudied. According to the public knowledge, this water facilitates the digestion, provides relief to stomach pain and acidity, opens the appetite and presents diuretic activity. The results of this study show that this water is mineral, effervescent and has remarkable contents of mineral salts that would justify their health effects. © 2004 Altaga. All rights reserved. En la actualidad se aprecia un renacer de la cultura del agua en una sociedad cada vez más concienciada por alcanzar un mayor bienestar en su calidad de vida. En este contexto se estudió el manantial de Sandim, localizado en el Norte de Portugal en la provincia de Bragança, enmarcado en la cuenca hidrográfica del Duero y próximo a la frontera española (Provincia de Ourense). Según el saber popular, este agua destaca proque facilita la digestión, alivia los dolores estomacales y la acidez, abre el apetito, así como porque presenta poderes diuréticos. Este estudio ha permitido clasificar este agua como mineral, carbogaseada y con elevados contenidos en diversas sales minerales que justifican sus propiedades. © 2004 Altaga. Todos los derechos reservados. Palabras clave: manantial, agua mineral natural, efectos terapéuticos, composición físico-química Na actualidade apréciase un renacer da ‘cultura da auga’ nuhna sociedade cada vez máis concienciada por alcanzar un maior ben-estar na súa calidade de vida. Neste contexto estudiouse o manantial de Sandim, localizado no Norte de Portugal na provincia de Bragança, enmarcado na conca hidrográfica do Duero e próximo á fronteira española (Provincia de Ourense). Dacordo co saber popular, esta auga destaca porque facilita a dixestión, alivia as dores estomacais e a acidez, abre o apetito, e é diurética. Este estudio permitiu clasificar esta auga como mineral, carbogaseada e con elevado contido en diversas sales minerais que xustifican as súas propiedades. © 2004 Altaga. Tódolos dereitos reservados. Palabras chave: manantial, auga mineral natural, efectos terapéuticos, composición físico-química
Can Patients Perform Volitional Motor Acts at the Start of a Seizure? (1999)

A seizure warning device might allow some individuals with partial seizures to protect themselves against consequences of seizures, but a prerequisite is the ability to take volitional action in response to a warning. The authors reviewed consecutive seizures in their epilepsy monitoring unit to determine whether patients could squeeze an event bulb, as instructed, at the start of their seizure. Only complex partial seizures with EEG changes and with the patient on camera were analyzed. Data were obtained from 77 patients, 42 with scalp monitoring and 35 with depth electrodes. Forty-seven percent had a left-hemisphere focus, 42% a right-hemisphere focus, and 11% multifocal seizures. The seizure focus was temporal in 68%. A magnetic resonance imaging consistent with mesial temporal sclerosis was seen in 29% of patients. Overall, 44% of the patients made at least one attempt to reach for the event bulb at the start of their seizures. Among the 72% of patients who gave a history of auras, 53% were able to press the event bulb compared to 20% with no history of auras (P = 0.016). EEG changes occurred a mean of 2.9+/-30.5 seconds after reaching for the bulb for scalp-recorded seizures (n = 20), and 16.2+/-13.7 seconds before behavior for depth-recorded seizures (n = 14, difference significant at P = 0.02). Neither seizure focus nor seizure laterality influenced the ability to press the event bulb. The authors conclude that nearly half of individuals with complex partial seizures can take volitional motor action at the start of their seizure. A method to enhance the intensity and timeliness of a seizure warning would not be wasted.
A Sense of Place (2009)

Penny Chapman has been one of Australia's most successful producers. Adam Coleman Finds her on the set of her latest production My Place.
Enhanced Raman Amplifier Performance Using Non-Linear Pump Broadening (2002)

Enhanced Raman amplifier performance using non-linear spectral broadening of the Raman pump source is proposed and demonstrated. Modelling predicts a fivefold reduction in gain ripple for a dual wavelength pump implementation
Interactions between ?-lactoglobulin and flavour compounds of different chemical classes.Impact of the protein on the odour perception of vanillin and eugenol (2000)

Interactions between -lactoglobulin and flavour compounds were analysed by instrumental and sensory studies. Affinity chromatography was used to determine binding constants of flavour substances belonging to different chemical classes. A systematic study on esters, pyrazines and phenolic compounds revealed that the increase in the hydrophobic chain length increases the affinity for the protein. Concerning the 4 diastereoisomers of 3-oxo-p-menthane-8-thiol, only the cistrans isomery led to different binding constants. In general, binding constants increased with increasing log P values, except for the terpenic compounds studied, for which another explanation has to be found, taking into account the geometry of the molecule. Sensory analyses applying a matching test showed that the addition of -lactoglobulin had no effect on the odour perception of vanillin, but brought about a significant decrease in the odour perception of eugenol. -lactoglobulin / flavour / interaction / affinity chromatography / sensory analysis Rsum -Interactions entre -lactoglobuline et composs d'arme de diffrentes classes chimiques. Impact de la protine sur la perception de la vanilline et de l'eugnol. Les interactions entre -lactoglobuline et composs d'arme ont t tudies par des mthodes instrumentales et sensorielles. La chromatographie d'affinit a t utilise pour dterminer les constantes d'affinit de molcules d'armes de diffrentes classes chimiques. Une tude systmatique sur des esters, pyrazines et composs phnoliques a montr que l'allongement de la chane hydrophobe augmente la constante d'affinit. Concernant les 4 diastroisomres du 3-oxo-p-menthane-8-thiol, seule l'isomrie
Operation shipping for mobile file systems (2002)

This paper addresses a bottleneck problem in mobile file systems: the propagation of updated large tiles from a weakly-connected client to its servers. It proposes an efficient mechanism called operation shipping or operation-based update propagation. In the new mechanism, the client ships the user operation that updated the large files, rather than the files themselves, across the weak network. (in contrast, existing file systems use value shipping and ship the files.) The user operation is sent to a surrogate client that is strongly connected to the servers. The surrogate replays the user operation, regenerates the files, checks whether they are identical to the originals, and, it so, sends the files to the servers on behalf of the client. Care has been taken such that the new mechanism does not compromise correctness or server scalability. For example, we show how forward error correction (FEC) can restore minor reexecution discrepancies and, thus, make operation shipping work with more applications. Operation shipping can be further classified into two types: application-transparent and application-aware. Their feasibilities and benefits have been demonstrated by the design, implementation, and evaluation of a prototype extension to the Coda File System. In our controlled experiments, operation shipping achieved substantial performance improvements-network traffic reductions from 12 times to nearly 400 times and speedups in the range of 1.4 times to nearly 50 times.