gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A predisposition for biological motion in the newborn baby (2008)

An inborn predisposition to attend to biological motion has long been theorized, but had so far been demonstrated only in one animal species (the domestic chicken). In particular, no preference for biological motion was reported for human infants of <3 months of age. We tested 2-day-old babies' discrimination after familiarization and their spontaneous preferences for biological vs. nonbiological point-light animations. Newborns were shown to be able to discriminate between two different patterns of motion (Exp. 1) and, when first exposed to them, selectively preferred to look at the biological motion display (Exp. 2). This preference was also orientation-dependent: newborns looked longer at upright displays than upside-down displays (Exp. 3). These data support the hypothesis that detection of biological motion is an intrinsic capacity of the visual system, which is presumably part of an evolutionarily ancient and nonspecies-specific system predisposing animals to preferentially attend to other animals.
Testing for IIA in the Multinomial Logit Model (2007)

The multinomial logit model is perhaps the most commonly used regression model for nominal outcomes in the social sciences. A concern raised by many researchers, however, is the assumption of the independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) that is implicit in the model. In this article, the authors undertake a series of Monte Carlo simulations to evaluate the three most commonly discussed tests of IIA. Results suggest that the size properties of the most common IIA tests depend on the data structure for the independent variables. These findings are consistent with an earlier impression that, even in well-specified models, IIA tests often reject the assumption when the alternatives seem distinct and often fail to reject IIA when the alternatives can reasonably be viewed as close substitutes. The authors conclude that tests of the IIA assumption that are based on the estimation of a restricted choice set are unsatisfactory for applied work.
A high performance digital processor for implementing large artificial neural networks (2002)

A CMOS integrated circuit is described which is capable of implementing very large digital neural networks of the multilayer perceptron (MLP) form. It incorporates on-chip training using the backpropagation algorithm, and the use of pseudorandom noise allows training with coarsely quantized weight values. Dynamic range and precision of the connection weights are automatically adjusted during training, thus allowing the circuit to adapt to different network sizes and topologies. The addition of a small, pseudorandom noise element allows the weights memory to be used more efficiently for large networks. Extensive simulation using a hardware description model over a range of problems has given a high degree of confidence in the design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Activity of respiratory pump and upper airway muscles during sleep onset (1998)

Ventilation decreases at sleep onset. This change is initiated abruptly at alpha-theta electroencephalographic transitions. The aim of this study was to determine the contributions of reduced activity in respiratory pump muscles and upper airway dilator muscles to this change. Surface electromyograms over the diaphragm (Di) and intercostal muscles and fine-wire intramuscular electrodes in genioglossus (GG) and tensor palatini (TP) muscles were recorded in nine healthy young men. It was shown that phasic Di and both phasic and tonic TP activities were lower during theta than during alpha activity. Breath-by-breath analysis of the changes at alpha-theta transitions during the sleep-onset period showed a number of changes. At alpha-theta transitions, phasic activity of Di, intercostal, and GG muscles fell and rose again, and phasic and tonic activities of TP fell and remained at low levels during theta. With a state transition from theta to alpha, the phasic and tonic activities of the Di, GG, and TP increased dramatically. It is now clear that the fall in ventilation that occurs with sleep is related to a fall in activities of both upper airway dilator muscles and respiratory pump muscles.
Up-regulation of PER3 Expression Is Correlated with Better Clinical Outcome in Acute Leukemia. (2015)

Altered expression of circadian clock genes has been linked to various types of cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether these genes are also altered in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL).The expression profiles of nine circadian clock genes of peripheral blood (PB) leukocytes from patients with newly-diagnosed AML (n=41), ALL (n=23) and healthy individuals (n=51) were investigated.In AML, the expression of period 1 (PER1), period 2 (PER2), period 3 (PER3), cryptochrome 1 (CRY1), cryptochrome 2 (CRY2), brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT)-like 1 (BMAL1), and timeless (TIM) was significantly down-regulated, while that of CK1ε was significantly up-regulated. In ALL, the expression of PER3 and CRY1 was significantly down-regulated, whereas those of CK1ε and TIM were significantly up-regulated. Recovery of PER3 expression was observed in both patients with AML and those with ALL who achieved remission but not in patients who relapsed after treatment.Circadian clock genes are altered in patients with acute leukemia and up-regulation of PER3 is correlated with a better clinical outcome.
Background correction for direct-reading optical-emission spectroscopic trace analysis using offset exit slits (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBackground correction for direct-reading optical-emission spectroscopic trace analysis using offset exit slitsJohn A. LeysCite this: Anal. Chem. 1969, 41, 2, 396–398Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60271a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60271a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-verbal audio and tactile mobile navigation (2014)

As typical turn by turn systems fail in several aspects to provide an engaging experience to pedestrians in urban environments, we investigate the potential of alternative interaction methods for navigation. We present a two-phase experiment, involving both audio and tactile navigation and discuss the collected evaluation data. Our findings show a positive reception of implicit navigation from our users.
Variations of HRV analysis in different approaches (2007)

The analysis of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals acquired from a continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) record is a standard method to evaluate the variations in heart rate. For the advantage of responding to the pumping action of the heart, photoplethysmography (PPG) has also been used extensively in the analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). However, there is little literature available on the variation between the HRV analysis derived from ECG and PPG. In the research described here, experiments of recording short-term (les 5 minutes) ECG and PPG signals simultaneously from healthy subjects (male, N=10) under control were carried out to investigate the possibility of such variation. Automatic computer analysis is provided for the analysis of correlation coefficient and the LF/HF ratio by autoregressive (AR) spectral analysis for evenly resampled sequences. The identical results are highly expected. However, the correlation coefficient between RRI (R-R interval from ECG) and PPI (peak-to-peak interval from PPG) is 0.86plusmn0.15, which should be unity for perfectly matched patterns. In additions, the relative LF/HF ratios are 2.49plusmn1.13 (for ECG) and 2.73plusmn0.82 (for PPG) respectively. Though there is no statistical difference, the worst likelihood ratio (LR) reaches the deviation of 19.04%. From the experimental results, it can be appreciated that there is indeed variation for HRV analysis in two different approaches even for healthy subjects under well-controlled conditions. For abnormal subjects in clinical applications, such variation may be expected to become more apparent. Though the variation is minor, it is suggested to obey the standard measure of HRV proposed by Task Force for consistent conclusions.
Modal characteristics of short-pitch photoresist gratings exhibiting zero-order diffraction anomalies (1999)

Zero-order diffraction efficiencies, in reflection, of short-pitch (pitch less than the incident wavelength), narrow-linewidth, photoresist gratings exhibit significant variations with angle of incidence. The intent of our effort was to explain these variations, which are characterized as resonance anomalies. At resonance we also have observed enhanced diffuse scattering. Modal analysis was applied to characterize the fields within the grating structure. A separate numerical method that combines effective-medium theory and waveguide mode computation was used to determine the lossy, guided-wave modes of the layered grating structure. We show that enhanced diffuse scattering is directly correlated with enhanced surface fields (order m=-1) that are associated with coupling of the incident field into guided-wave modes in the presence of the grating. Under certain conditions anti-guided-wave behavior in the grating is evident. Applications to scatterometry and surface characterization are suggested.
Crystal Structure of DMSO Reductase: Redox-Linked Changes in Molybdopterin Coordination (1996)

The molybdoenzyme dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) reductase contributes to the release of dimethylsulfide, a compound that has been implicated in cloud nucleation and global climate regulation. The crystal structure of DMSO reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides reveals a monooxo molybdenum cofactor containing two molybdopterin guanine dinucleotides that asymmetrically coordinate the molybdenum through their dithiolene groups. One of the pterins exhibits different coordination modes to the molybdenum between the oxidized and reduced states, whereas the side chain oxygen of Ser147 coordinates the metal in both states. The change in pterin coordination between the Mo(VI) and Mo(IV) forms suggests a mechanism for substrate binding and reduction by this enzyme. Sequence comparisons of DMSO reductase with a family of bacterial oxotransferases containing molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide indicate a similar polypeptide fold and active site with two molybdopterins within this family.
Schottky barriers at hexagonal boron nitride/metal interfaces: A first-principles study (2014)

The formation of a Schottky barrier at the interface between a metal and hexagonal boron nitride $(h\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{BN})$ is studied using density functional theory. For metals whose work functions range from 4.2 to 6.0 eV, we find Schottky barrier heights for holes between 1.2 and 2.3 eV. A central role in determining the Schottky barrier height is played by a potential step of between 0.4 and 1.8 eV that is formed at the $\mathrm{metal}|h\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{BN}$ interface and effectively lowers the metal work function. If $h\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{BN}$ is physisorbed, as is the case on fcc Cu, Al, Au, Ag, and Pt(111) substrates, the interface potential step is described well by a universal function that depends only on the distance separating $h\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{BN}$ from the metal surface. The interface potential step is largest when $h\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{BN}$ is chemisorbed, which is the case for hcp Co and Ti (0001) and for fcc Ni and Pd (111) substrates.
A wide-band tunable phase shifter for radio-frequency reflectometry (2014)

Radio-frequency reflectometry of nanodevices requires careful separation of signal quadratures to distinguish dissipative and dispersive contributions to the device impedance. A tunable phase shifter for this purpose is described and characterized. The phase shifter, consisting of a varactor-loaded transmission line, has the necessary tuning range combined with acceptable insertion loss across a frequency band 100 MHz - 1 GHz spanning most radio-frequency experiments. Its operation is demonstrated by demodulating separately the signals due to resistance and capacitance changes in a model device.
Efficiency and core properties of valuation equilibrium with increasing returns (2001)

This paper considers market economies involving the choice of a public environment when there are nonconvexities in production. It discusses the decentralization of efficient allocations by means of valuation equilibrium, adapting to many private goods the notion due to Mas-Colell (1980) which extends the Lindahlian approach to the pure theory of public goods. It is shown that a valuation equilibrium satisfies the two welfare theorems and is in the core.
Clinical Application of Geristore Glass‐lonomer Restorative in Older Dentitions (1991)

Geristore is a new multi-use dual-cure glass-ionomer restorative that has been introduced recently. There are many clinical applications for this material, some of which are presented in this article.
The revolt of ‘Abdallāh b. Mu‘āwiya, AH 127–130: a reconsideration through the coinage (2006)

‘Abdallāh b. Mu‘āwiya b. ‘Abdallam h b. Ja‘far b. Abī Tālib, great-grandson of ‘Alī's brother Ja‘far, rose up in Kufa in Muharram of 127/October 744. He was defeated by Umayyad forces in 130 (747–748), and killed by Abū Muslim in Khurāsaān. During the two years of his uprising, Ibn Mu‘āwiya established himself in the Jibāl and Fārs, where he appointed governors, collected taxes and struck his own coins. Ibn Mu‘āwiya's coinage is an important source for the revolt, which is among the most important uprisings of the late Umayyad period. It presents evidence for a strong and unified movement, and corroborates the interpretation of a ‘dress rehearsal’ for the ‘Abbāsid Revolution. This article suggests some alternatives regarding the chronology and geography of Ibn Mu‘āwiya's revolt through a re-examination of textual sources and new coinage, and shows the usefulness of numismatics for the historical study of early Islam.
<i>c</i>-2,<i>t</i>-4-Bis(2-benzoxazol-2-yl)-<i>r</i>-1,<i>t</i>-3-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]cyclobutane (2007)

The title compound, C 34 H 32 N 4 O 2 , undergoes a reversible [2+2] photoreaction with 1-(2-benzoxazol-2-yl)-2-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethane (NBE). Through intermolecular head-to-tail [2+2] photocycloaddition of NBE, the title compound displays a centrosymmetric molecular structure in the crystalline state. The cyclobutane ring has an exactly planar conformation and is nearly square.
Na(+)-dependent bile acid transport by hepatocytes is mediated by a protein similar to microsomal epoxide hydrolase (1993)

A protein mediating hepatocyte sodium-dependent bile acid transport across the sinusoidal plasma membrane has been purified by immunoprecipitation with monoclonal antibody (MAb) 25D-1, which specifically recognizes this protein on the surface of intact hepatocytes (Ananthanarayanan et al. J. Biol. Chem. 263: 8338-8343, 1988). The function of this protein was further established by proteoliposome reconstitution (von Dippe et al. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 14812-14816, 1990). NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis and amino acid composition revealed this protein to be closely related to the enzyme microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH). Both proteins exhibited the same elution times on a reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography column, comigrated with an apparent molecular weight of 49,000 as measured by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and possessed identical isoelectric points of 8.2. The MAb was capable of immunoprecipitating chromatographically purified mEH, as well as a protein derived from the sinusoidal plasma membrane that exhibited mEH activity comparable to that of the protein isolated from the endoplasmic reticulum. The subtilisin fragmentation patterns derived from chromatographically purified mEH and the MAb-precipitated plasma membrane protein were also identical. Hydropathy profile analysis of the amino acid sequence of mEH suggested the presence of four transmembrane domains. The results of these studies indicate that a protein that is involved in mediating sodium-dependent bile acid transport is closely related to mEH.
Structural Characterization of an Alternative Mode of Tigecycline Binding to the Bacterial Ribosome (2015)

Although both tetracycline and tigecycline inhibit protein synthesis by sterically hindering the binding of tRNA to the ribosomal A site, tigecycline shows increased efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo activity assays and escapes the most common resistance mechanisms associated with the tetracycline class of antibiotics. These differences in activities are attributed to the tert-butyl-glycylamido side chain found in tigecycline. Our structural analysis by X-ray crystallography shows that tigecycline binds the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit with its tail in an extended conformation and makes extensive interactions with the 16S rRNA nucleotide C1054. These interactions restrict the mobility of C1054 and contribute to the antimicrobial activity of tigecycline, including its resistance to the ribosomal protection proteins.
Primitives for the manipulation of general subdivisions and the computation of Voronoi diagrams (1983)

We discuss the following problem: given n points in the plane (the “sites”), and an arbitrary query point q, find the site that is closest to q. This problem can be solved by constructing the Voronoi diagram of the given sites, and then locating the query point in one of its regions. We give two algorithms, one that constructs the Voronoi diagram in O(n lg n) time, and another that inserts a new site in O(n) time. Both are based on the use of the Voronoi dual, the Delaunay triangulation, and are simple enough to be of practical value. The simplicity of both algorithms can be attributed to the separation of the geometrical and topological aspects of the problem, and to the use of two simple but powerful primitives, a geometric predicate and an operator for manipulating the topology of the diagram. The topology is represented by a new data structure for generalized diagrams, that is embeddings of graphs in two-dimensional manifolds. This structure represents simultaneously an embedding, its dual, and its mirror-image. Furthermore, just two operators are sufficient for building and modifying arbitrary diagrams.
학술논문 : 텍스트언어학에서 상호텍스트성의 해석에 의한 현대 화예조형의 연구 (2009)

현대 조형예술에서는 다양한 비평적 관점으로 작품을 바라보는 분석의 틀과 모형을 도출하려고 시도한다. 본고는 화예조형의 미적 가치뿐만 아니라 작품 속에 내재되어 있는 정신적 의미를 밝힐 수 있는 기준을 상호텍스트성 개념적 틀로 하여 화예조형 분석의 기재로서 상호텍스트성의 기재를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본고의 목적이 현대 화예조형에 나타난 상호텍스트성을 분석하여 그 틀을 마련하는 것으로 본 논문에서는 개념적인 틀을 확인하는 수준에서 연구 작품들을 선택, 추출, 분석하는 데 그 범위를 한정하였다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 상호텍스트성 관점에서 도출된 거시텍스트와 미시텍스트 모형에서 화예작품에 적용 가능한 거시텍스트와 미시텍스트의 단계간의 연결이라는 관점을 도출하였다. 이것을 사용해 화예작품의 분석을 시도하였고, 그 결과 화예작품으로서 거시텍스트는 미시텍스트와 미시텍스트, 그들의 상관성에 의한 의미의 그물망으로 형성된다고 볼 수 있으며 결국 거시텍스트는 상징과 기호로 말할 수 있겠다. 연구자가 가능한 한 연구의 타당성을 확인하려 하였음에도 불구하고 분석과 해석의 관점에서 연구자의 주관적인 판단이 완전히 배제될 수 없었음이 연구의 한계임을 밝힌다. 본 연구는 조형예술이 아닌 타 분야의 연구 결과를 조형예술로의 도입의 타당성을 시도한 연구로서 조형예술과 타 분야 간의 학제 간 연구를 통한 조형예술의 비평적 연구의 확장을 시도 했다는 점에서 의의가 있다 하겠다.
A COMPARISON OF MASTITIS DETECTION METHODS IN DAIRY CATTLE (1984)

The potential value of electrical conductivity, somatic cell count, and California Mastitis Test (CMT) Score in composite milk samples as a screening test for subclinical mastitis was evaluated. The effect of genetic group was significant (P < 0.05) for conductivity and somatic cell count while the effects of parity and month of lactation were significant (P < 0.01) for all the three traits studied. Somatic cell count and CMT score increased from first to fourth parity while there was general trend for increasing conductivity from second to fourth parity. All the three methods identified healthy cows with a good accuracy but failed to recognize a considerable proportion of infected cows. The error rate for misclassification was lowest for CMT score (9.1%), followed by somatic cell count (13.9%) and conductivity (29.4%). Composite strict foremilk samples from cows infected with primary pathogens had significantly (P < 0.01) higher conductivity than those from uninfected cows. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated in 60% of the milk samples and appeared to be in the major organism causing mastitis in this herd. Key words: Dairy cattle, mastitis detection methods
ICSH review of the measurement of the erythocyte sedimentation rate (2011)

In recognition of the need for a standardization of the measurement of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the International Council for Standardization in Haematology makes the following recommendations: (i) The reference method for measurement of the ESR should be based on the Westergren method, which is a specific test for the ESR, with modifications, (ii) The reference method for measurement of the ESR should use either whole blood anticoagulated with EDTA and later diluted with sodium citrate or saline (4 : 1) or whole blood anticoagulated with sodium citrate (4 : 1) in Westergren pipettes, (iii) The ESR pipettes can be of glass or plastic (with specific characteristics). It must be colourless; a minimum sedimentation scale of 200 mm, a minimum bore of 2.55 mm, which should be constant within 5%. A protocol for the evaluation of alternative methodologies against the reference method is outlined: The new technologies must be tested over a range of ESR values of 2-120 mm. In this comparison, 95% of the differences should be 5 mm or less, with larger differences associated with higher ESR values. A minimum of 40 samples should be tested in 3 different groups of values: 1-20, 21-60 and more than 60 mm. The statistical methods recommended for ESR evaluations are the coefficient of correlation, the Passing-Bablock regression and the Bland-Altman statistical method. This reference method replaces all earlier standardized and reference methods.
Beeinflussung des TSH-TRH-Testes durch jodhaltige Röntgenkontrastmittel<sup>*</sup> (1978)

In the course of an investigation of TRH-tests, 340 TSH-tests were performed in 120 patients before and after the administration of various iodine-containing radiographic contrast media in order to determine a possible effect on the TRH-tests. In addition, the peripheral thyroxin level and RIA-T3 content of the serum was determined. Mean TSH rise following TRH (delta-TSH) showed no significant difference before and after the contrast medium. Individual variations were, however, observed. In view of these results, it is concluded that the TRH-test provides reliable information after iodine exposure.