gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
p38 MAPK: A dual role in hepatocyte proliferation through reactive oxygen species (2013)

p38 MAPKs are important mediators of signal transduction that respond to a wide range of extracellular stressors such as UV radiation, osmotic shock, hypoxia, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. The most abundant family member is p38α, which helps to couple cell proliferation and growth in response to certain damaging stimuli. In fact, increased proliferation and impaired differentiation are hallmarks of p38α-deficient cells. It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in cytokine-induced p38α activation. Under physiological conditions, p38α can function as a mediator of ROS signaling and either activate or suppress cell cycle progression depending on the activation stimulus. The interplay between cell proliferation, p38 MAPK activation, and ROS production plays an important role in hepatocytes. In fact, low levels of ROS seem to be needed to activate several signaling pathways in response to hepatectomy and to orchestrate liver regeneration. p38 MAPK works as a sensor of oxidative stress and cells that have developed mechanisms to uncouple p38 MAPK activation from oxidative stress are more likely to become tumorigenic. So far, p38α influences the redox balance, determining cell survival, terminal differentiation, proliferation, and senescence. Further studies would be necessary in order to clarify the precise role of p38 MAPK signaling as a redox therapeutical target.
Rapid, Parallel Identification of Catabolism Pathways of Lignin-Derived Aromatic Compounds in Novosphingobium aromaticivorans (2018)

Transposon mutagenesis is a powerful technique in microbial genetics for the identification of genes in uncharacterized pathways. Recently, the throughput of transposon mutagenesis techniques has been dramatically increased through the combination of DNA barcoding and high-throughput sequencing. Here, we show that when applied to catabolic pathways, barcoded transposon libraries can be used to distinguish redundant pathways, decompose complex pathways into substituent modules, discriminate between enzyme homologs, and rapidly identify previously hypothetical enzymes in an unbiased genome-scale search. We used this technique to identify two genes, <i>desC</i> and <i>desD</i>, which are involved in the degradation of the lignin-derived aromatic compound sinapic acid in the nonmodel bacterium <i>Novosphingobium aromaticivorans</i> We show that DesC is a methyl esterase acting on an intermediate formed during sinapic acid catabolism, providing the last enzyme in a proposed catabolic pathway. This approach will be particularly useful in the identification of complete pathways suitable for heterologous expression in metabolic engineering.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The identification of the genes involved in specific biochemical transformations is a key step in predicting microbial function from nucleic acid sequences and in engineering microbes to endow them with new functions. We have shown that new techniques for transposon mutagenesis can dramatically simplify this process and enable the rapid identification of genes in uncharacterized pathways. These techniques provide the necessary scale to fully elucidate complex biological networks such as those used to degrade mixtures of lignin-derived aromatic compounds.
Bus Master DMA Reference Design for the Xilinx Endpoint Block Plus Core for PCI (2008)

DMA is a technique used for efficient transfer of data to and from host CPU system memory. DMA implementations have many advantages over standard programmed input/output data transfers. Bus master DMA applications result in higher throughput and performance, as well as lower overall CPU utilization. There are two basic types of DMA applications found in systems using PCI Express. These are a system DMA application and a bus master DMA application. System DMAs are not typical and very few root complexes and OS support their use. A Bus Master DMA application is by far the most common type of DMA found in PCI Express based systems. A bus master DMA is the endpoint device containing the DMA engine that controls moving data to (Memory Writes) or requesting data from (Memory Reads) system memory.
Chelate ring size and metal ion selection. The basis of selectivity for metal ions in open-chain ligands and macrocycles (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChelate ring size and metal ion selection. The basis of selectivity for metal ions in open-chain ligands and macrocyclesRobert D. Hancock Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1992, 69, 8, 615Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 1992Published inissue 1 August 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ed069p615Request reuse permissionsArticle Views2430Altmetric-Citations183LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preclinical studies for the combination of paclitaxel and curcumin in cancer therapy (2017)

Cancer is one of the most common causes of death and remains the first in China and the second in the US. The common treatments for cancer include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, while chemotherapy remains one of the most important treatments. However, the efficacy of chemotherapy is limited due to drug induced-toxicities and resistance, particularly multiple drug resistance (MDR). Therefore, discovery and development of novel therapeutic drugs and/or combination therapy are urgently needed to reduce toxicity and improve efficacy. Paclitaxel has been widely used to treat various cancers including cervical, breast, ovarian, brain, bladder, prostate, liver and lung cancers. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited and MDR is a major obstacle. Recently, numerous preclinical studies have shown that the combination of paclitaxel and curcumin may be an ideal strategy to reverse MDR and synergistically improve their therapeutic efficacy in cancer therapy. This review mainly focuses on the current development and progress of the combination of paclitaxel and curcumin in cancer therapy preclinically.
A comparison of multiple imputation methods for missing data in longitudinal studies (2018)

Both FCS-Standard and JM-MVN performed well for the estimation of regression parameters in both analysis models. More complex methods that explicitly reflect the longitudinal structure for these analysis models may only be needed in specific circumstances such as irregularly spaced data.
The Mosaic Nature of Intergenic 16S-23S rRNA Spacer Regions Suggests rRNA Operon Copy Number Variation in <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Strains (2006)

Clostridium difficile is a major spore-forming environmental pathogen that causes serious health problems in patients undergoing antibiotic therapy. Consequently, reliable and sensitive methods for typing individual strains are required for epidemiological and environmental studies. Ribotyping is generally considered the best method, but it fails to account for sequence diversity which might exist in intergenic 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions (ISRs) within and among strains of this organism. Therefore, this study was undertaken to compare the sequence of each individual ISR in five strains of C. difficile to explore the extent of this diversity and see whether such information might provide the basis for more sensitive and discriminatory strain typing methods. After targeted PCR amplification, cloning, and sequencing, the diversity of the ISRs was used as a measure of rRNA operon copy number. In C. difficile strains 630, ATCC 43593, A, and B, 11, 11, 7, and 8 ISR length variants, respectively, were found (containing different combinations of sequence groups [i to xiii]), suggesting 11, 11, 7, and 8 rrn copies in the respective strains. Many ISRs of the same length differed markedly in their sequences, and some of these were restricted in occurrence to a single strain. Most of these ISRs did not contain any tRNA genes, and only single copies of the tRNA(Ala) gene were found in those that did. The presence of ISR sequence groups (i to xiii) varied between strains, with some found in one, two, three, four, or all five strains. We conclude that the intergenic 16S-23S rRNA spacer regions showed a high degree of diversity, not only among the rrn operons in different strains and different rrn copies in a single strain but also among ISRs of the same length. It appears that C. difficile ISRs vary more at the inter- and intragenic levels than those of other species as determined by empirical comparison of sequences. The precise characterization of these sequences has demonstrated a high level of mosaic sequence block rearrangements that are present or absent in multiple strain-variable rrn copies within and between five different strains of C. difficile.
Studies on the Identification of Pythium spp. and Sclerotial Fungi isolated from Rice plants in Korea (II) (1978)

Four species of Pythium and two species of Sclerotium previously not recorded in Korea during 1976 and Leptosphaeria salvinii which previosly reported but reidentified. Pythium aristosporm Vantery, Pythium sp. and Pythium myriotylum Drechsler were isolated from diseased rice seedlings and from green withered rice plants and Pythium irreglare Buisman was isolated from paddy soil. Three species of Pythium except P. irregulare grew well at on Potato dextrose agar and were confirmed as highly pathogenic but P. irregulare showed low pathogenicity on Yushin variety of rice. Sclerotium hydrophilum and Sclerotium oryzae-sativae appeared to be weakly pathogenic, but Leptosphaeria salvinii was confirmed as a highly pathogenic. Ordinally the two species of Sclerotium grew and produced many sclerotia on dead sheath and stems of rice. There are still some problems to clarify and reconsider in regard to the pathogenicity of the sclerotial fungi because their populations were so very high in paddy fields, but their role might be wound parasite.
The role of hope in adjustment to acquired hearing loss : a thesis presented in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Health Science, Massey University, Palmerston North, Aotearoa/New Zealand (2005)

This study investigates the extent and nature of the relationship between individual and disability characteristics (age, sex, degree of hearing loss, age at onset of hearing loss, time since onset of hearing loss, use of technology, and use of services), and adjustment to acquired hearing loss, and the role hope has in that relationship. A sample of 114 adults with hearing loss who had accessed hearing therapy services participated in the study. It was hypothesised that hope would interact with the individual and disability characteristics and therefore function as a moderating variable. The second hypothesis was that hope may be related to individual and disability characteristics as well as adjustment but actually provides the only significant pathway to adjustment; more simply, hope may be a mediator of adjustment. The results indicate that the degree of loss was the only statistically significant individual and disability characteristic related to adjustment. The trait of hope did not produce an interaction effect of statistical significance in the moderation model. However, the study does provide support for the hypothesis that the trait of hope serves is a mechanism by which the degree of loss affects adjustment. Hearing loss affects hope which in turn affects adjustment. In other words, hope was found to act as a mediating variable. The extent of this mediating role was substantial as hope was found to account for 45% of the relationship between the degree of loss and adjustment. Additionally, the study found that self-efficacy and personal meaning may influence hope and despair dimensions in different ways. The perception of one's ability to influence events is a major contributor to hopefulness while the construction of meaning appears to be related to lower levels of despair. Current research in the area of positive psychology indicates that individual traits are modifiable and therefore hope finding, hope bonding, hope enhancement, and hope reminding can instil and increase hope. The implication of these findings is that hearing rehabilitation programmes need to consider the role of hope in intervention strategies. The study suggests possibilities for future research including the investigation of more complex mediational chains, refining individual and disability variables, and assessing the effect of hope-focussed intervention strategies.
Conflict-free Replicated Data Types: An Overview (2018)

Internet-scale distributed systems often replicate data at multiple geographic locations to provide low latency and high availability, despite node and network failures. Geo-replicated systems that adopt a weak consistency model allow replicas to temporarily diverge, requiring a mechanism for merging concurrent updates into a common state. Conflict-free Replicated Data Types (CRDT) provide a principled approach to address this problem. This document presents an overview of Conflict-free Replicated Data Types research and practice, organizing the presentation in the aspects relevant for the application developer, the system developer and the CRDT developer.
Research on the responsibility partition of harmonic pollution and harmonic impedance based on the total least-squares regression method (2014)

This paper introduces a method for the responsibility partition of harmonic pollution of harmonic source, which is based on the total least-squares regression. Through the NORTON circuit transformation to construct harmonic impedance of binary linear regression equation in the system side and customer side. Utilizing the signals of harmonic current and harmonic voltage measured at PCC(Point of Common Coupling), the system side and customer side harmonic impedance are worked out through the total least-squares regression, then the harmonic power of system side and customer side are calculate. The simulation analysis indicate that the proposed method is valid and feasible.
Synthesis and characterization of high-pressure metamorphic SiO2 minerals (2006)

We suggest a new laboratory method for synthesizing coesite in the earth's crust by considering the similarity characteristics of local collisions and shearing strength between the earth's plates and high energy mechanical ball milling(MBM), combining the high-energy MBM and high static pressure and high temperalure technique, and using mixtures of alpha-quartz and graphite as the initial material. The nanometer amorphous mixture of alpha-quartz and graphite was prepared by high-energy MBM. The lowest pressure and temperature for synthesizing coesite are 3.7 GPa, 970 K. The Raman spectrum of synthetic coesite possessed ten peaks located at 120, 152, 179, 206, 270, 329, 357, 428, 467 and 521 cm(-1). The obtained spectrum is coesite Raman spectrum with the most peaks among published results. The author attempts to look for useful information about the mineral circumstance of coesite in the Earth' surface and the mechanism of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism.
Investigation of the protective ultraviolet absorbers in a space environment. III. Protective effectiveness (1963)

Abstract The effectiveness of the ultraviolet absorbers in protecting organic coatings exposed to an extraterrestrial environment from photochemical degradation was studied for the commercially available absorbers and certain errocene derivatives. The change in solar absorptivity of the coatings was used as a measure of the degradation incurred, these data being obtained from the ultraviolet, visible, and near‐infrared absorption spectra of the polymers. Ultraviolet absorbers of the benzophenone and benzotriazole type used for terrestrial applications were found to be considerably less effective in a space environment. This was attributed to the strong ultraviolet absorption of the polymers at the shorter wavelengths, which competes with the absorber for the incident radiation. Certain benzoyl‐substituted ferrocene compounds were found to be extremely effective in protecting many types of polymeric coatings. The benzoylferrocenes are highly colored materials (red to orange) whose absorbing properties are extremely stable to ultraviolet radiation.
Power spectrum of the balanced digital signal generated by Markov source (1979)

A class of balanced digital signals generated by 2N-state Markov source defined. It is shown that the power spectrum of this class of signals can be determined by the same algorithm as for the ordinary digital signal generated by Markov source, but with a benefit that the calculation procedure requires a matrix algebra in which the vectors and matrices have size N instead of 2N.
Photoreversal of Rhodopsin Bleaching (1964)

A MECHANISTIC SCHEME, SHOWING CERTAIN STEPS OF RHODOPSIN BLEACHING, PROVIDES TWO WAYS OF VIEWING THE BLEACHING PROCESS: (a) The rate of bleaching depends upon the net rate of accumulation of labile species; and (b) the number of labile molecules which accumulates in a certain period is the number which has absorbed an odd number of quanta by the end of that period. Both views, based on the photoreversibility of bleaching, lend themselves to concise mathematical formulation. The expected amounts of bleaching at various intensities, calculated according to these formulae, give very close fits to the experimental data. The relevance of these results to other experiments is pointed out and emphasis is placed on the explanation of observed quantum efficiencies which obtain at both low and high intensities.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis with Clamping in Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (2016)

Clamping is necessary to reduce distortion and defect in wire and arc additive manufacturing. Considering the clamping model in simulation can improve the prediction accuracy of the distortion and residual stress. In this paper, a three-dimensional finite element model with corner clamping is established, and the weld-bead profile and heat source model is verified with experimental result. Using the Simufact.welding finite element analysis software, total distortion, effective residual stress distribution as well as the stress components are investigated. It has been observed that the maximum effective stress distributes in the region near clamping from beginning to end. The effective stress of the middle point along the transversal side is the side minimum stress, while there is a stress peak in the longitudinal side middle point owing to the distortion reduction during cooling time. The clamping form has a significant relationship with total distortion and residual stress distribution. According to the stress components analysis, the transversal stress is much higher than longitudinal stress, and plays a dominant role in the residual stress.
Removal of H<sub>2</sub>S and volatile organic sulfur compounds by silicone membrane extraction (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: This study explores an alternative process for the abatement and/or desulfurization of H 2 S and volatile organic sulfur compounds (VOSC) containing waste streams, which employs a silicone‐based membrane to simultaneously remove H 2 S and VOSC. An extractive membrane reactor allows the selective withdrawal of VOSC and H 2 S simultaneously from the waste stream, while preventing direct contact between the waste stream and the absorbing solution and/or the biological treatment system. The influence of the sulfur compounds, membrane characteristics, extractant and pH was studied. RESULTS: Sulfide and the VOCS studied, i.e. methanethiol (MT), ethanethiol (ET) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) were removed from the synthetic wastewater using a silicone rubber membrane. Methanethiol showed the highest (8.72 × 10 −6 m s −1 ) overall mass transfer coefficient ( k ov ) and sulfide the lowest k ov value (1.23 × 10 −6 m s −1 ). Adsorption of the VOCS into the silicone membrane reduced the overall mass transfer coefficient. The k ov when using Fe(III)EDTA − as extractant (5.81 × 10 −7 m s −1 ) for sulfide extraction was one order of magnitude lower than with anaerobic water (2.54 × 10 −6 m s −1 ). On the other hand, the sulfide removal efficiency with Fe(III)EDTA − was higher (84%) compared with anaerobic water (60%) as extractant. An additional mass transfer resistance was formed by elemental sulfur which remained attached to the membrane surface. CONCLUSIONS: Extraction of sulfide and VOCS from a synthetic wastewater solution through a silicone rubber membrane is a feasible process as alternative to the techniques developed to treat VOSC emissions. Optimizing the aqueous absorption liquid can increase the efficiency of extraction based processes. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Yeast as a Tractable Genetic System for Functional Studies of the Insulin-degrading Enzyme (2005)

We have developed yeast as an expression and genetic system for functional studies of the insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), which cleaves and inactivates certain small peptide molecules, including insulin and the neurotoxic A beta peptide. We show that heterologously expressed rat IDE is enzymatically active, as judged by the ability of IDE-containing yeast extracts to cleave insulin in vitro. We also show that IDE can promote the in vivo production of the yeast a-factor mating pheromone, a function normally attributed to the yeast enzymes Axl1p and Ste23p. However, IDE cannot substitute for the function of Axl1p in promoting haploid axial budding and repressing haploid invasive growth, activities that require an uncharacterized activity of Axl1p. Particulate fractions enriched for Axl1p or Ste23p are incapable of cleaving insulin, suggesting that the functional conservation of these enzymes may not be bidirectionally conserved. We have made practical use of our genetic system to confirm that residues composing the extended zinc metalloprotease motif of M16A family enzymes are required for the enzymatic activity of IDE, Ste23p, and Axl1p. We have determined that IDE and Axl1p both require an intact C terminus for optimal activity. We expect that the tractable genetic system that we have developed will be useful for investigating the enzymatic and structure/function properties of IDE and possibly for the identification of novel IDE alleles having altered substrate specificity.