gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EVALUACIÓN DE LA SITUACIÓN NUTRICIONAL Y ALIMENTARIA DE LOS NADADORES DE LA CATEGORÍA SENIOR DE LA SELECCIÓN NACIONAL DE COSTA RICA (1969)

En años recientes se han llevado a cabo muchas investigaciones sobre el estado nutricional de diferentes grupos de población, sin embargo se desconocía la situación nutricional de los nadadores. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la situación nutricional y alimentaria de los nadadores integrantes de la Selección Nacional en su categoría 'senior', durante la etapa de entrenamiento, 1997. Fueron estudiados 16 deportistas en total, 9 hombres y 7 mujeres. Además de las mediciones antropométricas se valoraron sus indicadores bioquímicos sanguíneos, su alimentación fue evaluada mediante el método de registro diario de 3 días, su gasto energético se estimó a través del registro diario de actividades físicas Cuestionario de Bouchard. Los resultados mostraron porcentajes de grasa adecuados para ambos sexos, indicadores bioquímicos sanguíneos adecuados con excepción de las mujeres cuyos niveles de ferritina sérica se consideran bajos. Un 56 % de los hombres consumen suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, la alimentación de todo el grupo es deficiente en fibra y alfa-tocoferol, ingieren megadosis de tiamina, riboflavina y piridoxina. Su balance energético es adecuado, no así la composición de la dieta ni la distribución energética en el día. Un 43% de las mujeres consumen suplementos de vitaminas y minerales, su alimentación no satisface las necesidades de fibra, calcio y niacina. Las mujeres que no consumen suplementos reportaron una dieta deficiente en fibra dietética, alfa-tocoferol, calcio, hierro y zinc. La totalidad de las mujeres presentan un balance de energía negativo, una composición de la dieta y una distribución energética diaria inadecuadas. Este estudio concluye que las mujeres no presentan un estado nutricional adecuado para una atleta y constituye una población a riesgo de sufrir la triada de problemas médicos que aquejan a la deportista. Los hombres, por el contrario, mantienen un estado nutricional adecuado lo cual favorece su rendimiento deportivo.
Model of Cerebral Palsy in the Perinatal Rabbit (2005)

Perinatal brain injury results in one of the highest burdens of disease in view of the lifelong consequences and is of enormous cost to society. This makes it imperative to develop better animal models that mimic the human condition. Many neurodevelopmental deficits, such as cerebral palsy, are believed to be a result of prenatal hypoxia-ischemia in humans. Fetal global hypoxia-ischemia is most commonly a consequence of acute placental insufficiency. Our laboratory has modeled in utero sustained and repetitive hypoxia-ischemia in the pregnant rabbit to mimic the insults of abruptio placenta and labor, respectively. Sustained hypoxia-ischemia at 70% (22 days' gestation) and 79% (25 days' gestation) and repetitive hypoxia-ischemia at 90% gestation (28 days' gestation) caused stillbirths and multiple deficits in the postnatal survivors. The deficits included impairment in multiple tests of spontaneous locomotion, reflex motor activity, motor responses to olfactory stimuli, and the coordination of suck and swallow. Hypertonia was observed in the 22 and 25 days' gestation survivors but not in the 28 days' gestation group. Hypertonic survivors were artificially fed and found to have the motor deficits persist for at least 11 postnatal days. A spectrum of brain abnormalities is found on magnetic resonance imaging. This is the first animal model to mimic cerebral palsy. The findings also suggest a window of vulnerability during brain development when the injury results in hypertonia in newborn pups.
ON THE OXIDATION OF HYDRAZINE. IV. (1909)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTON THE OXIDATION OF HYDRAZINE. IV.A. W. Browne and F. F. ShetterlyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1909, 31, 7, 783–799Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1909Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1909https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01937a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01937a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Blockchain based trust management mechanism for IoT (2019)

Security presents a significant challenge for the implementation and the realization of IoT scenarios. Its requirements include data confidentiality, authentication, access control as well as privacy and trust among things and services. To evaluate entities trustworthiness, exchanging trust information is crucial to reach an accurate assessment. Secure sharing and storage of trust information is essential for its confidentiality, integrity and privacy. In this context, our objective is to propose a secure trust management system based on the blockchain technology so that we can take advantages of security features it provides regarding reliability, traceability and information integrity. Blockchain based trust management can provide tamper proof data, enable a more reliable trust information integrity verification, and help to enhance its privacy and availability during sharing and storage. For this purpose, we design and implement a blockchain based trust architecture to collect trust evidences, to define a trust score for each device and to securely store and share them with other devices within the network by embedding them into blockchain transactions. Results from performance evaluation demonstrate that our proposal provides security features including tamper-proof and attacks resiliency, reliability in addition to a low complexity for IoT scenarios and applications.
Adaptive clutter suppression for airborne phased array radars (1983)

The problem of clutter suppression is more serious for airborne than for ground-based radars because the ground returns become Doppler coloured owing to platform motion. Therefore the clutter power depends on both the azimuth and the Doppler frequency. Such two-dimensional spectra can only be suppressed by two-dimensional filters, which require sampling of the echo field in both space and time. This is verified by a phased array radar using coherent pulse trains. The platform motion causes of the clutter background to change with time, and any change of the platform velocity results in a change of the Doppler characteristics of the clutter retunrs. Therefore the two-dimensional filter has to be adaptive. The paper presents some new results on optimum adaptive clutter suppression. For comparison, a suboptimum approach (beamformer plus adaptive temporal filter) is presented. It turns out that the favourable properties of the optimum space-time clutter filter can hardly be achieved by any suboptimum subtitute.
[Nature and mechanism of hemodynamic changes in fetuses of mothers with various types of diabetes mellitus]. (1989)

Doppler echocardiography of flow in the fetal aorta and the umbilical artery as well as fetal echocardiography performed in 61 pregnant females with diabetes mellitus revealed central intracardiac hemodynamic alterations as risk factors for the development of "diabetic" heart failure in newborns. Pregnancy--associated diabetes patients and females with diabetes of type I demonstrated a somewhat decrease in the fetal myocardial contractility which was evidently determined by metabolic alterations in the myocardium, macrosomia and disorders in the fetoplacental circulation.
Recovery of function after spinal cord hemisection in newborn and adult rats: Differential effects on reflex and locomotor function (1992)

It is often assumed that the response of the immature nervous system to injury is more robust and exhibits greater anatomical reorganization and greater recovery of function than in the adult. In the present experiments the extent of recovery of function after spinal cord injury at birth or at maturity was assessed. We used a series of quantitative tests of motor behavior to measure reflex responses and triggered movements and to examine different components of locomotion. Rats received a midthoracic "over-hemisection" at birth or as adults. The neonatal operates were allowed to mature and the adult operates were allowed to recover. The animals were trained to walk on a treadmill and to cross runways of varying difficulty. The animals were tested for reflex responses and triggered movements, videotaped while crossing the runways, and footprinted while walking on the treadmill. The adult operates had greater deficits in the reflex responses than the neonatal operates. The adult operates lost the contact placing response and had a decreased hopping response in the ipsilateral limb, while these responses were not impaired in the neonatal operates. Although the contact placing response in the neonatal operates was spared, a greater stimulus was necessary to induce the response than in control animals. In contrast, the neonatal operates had greater deficits in locomotion. Footprint analysis revealed that the animals' base of support was significantly greater after the neonatal injury than after the adult injury, and deficits in limb rotation were larger in the neonatal operates than in the adult operates. Both groups crossed the grid with a similar number of steps but the adult operates made significantly more errors with the hindlimb ipsilateral to the lesion than the contralateral one, while the neonatal operates made an equivalent number of errors with both limbs. The neonatal operates took longer to execute the climb test and used a different movement pattern than the adult operates. The neonatal operates had a different locomotor pattern than the adult operates. Despite greater recovery of reflex responses after spinal cord injury at birth, the pattern of locomotion exhibits greater deficits when compared with the same lesion in the adult. Just as the anatomical consequences of injury to the developing nervous system are not uniform, similarly, the behavioral consequences are also not uniform. Spinal cord injury before the mature pattern of locomotion has developed results in a different motor strategy than after injury in the adult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Enrichment of Tocopherols and Phytosterols in Canola Oil during Seed Germination (2006)

The effect of canola (Brassica napus L.) seed germination under illuminated and dark environments on the total concentration and the composition of tocopherols and phytosterols in seedlings and extracted oil were investigated. During the first 10 days of germination, a decrease in gamma-tocopherol was offset by an increase in alpha-tocopherol, indicating the interconversion of these isomers. From day 10 to day 20 under illumination, there was a net increase in alpha-tocopherol and total tocopherols suggesting the synthesis of new tocopherols, whereas there was no net increase in tocopherols in dark. Tocopherols were mainly concentrated in the leafy seedling tops rather than in the non-photosynthesizing bottoms, whereas phytosterols were equally distributed across both sections. The total tocopherol content of oil extracted from 20-day-old seedlings was 4.3- to 6.5-fold higher than that of intact seeds. On a dry seedling basis, the content and composition of phytosterols did not change significantly (p > 0.05) over the sprouting period, but the concentration of total phytosterols in the oil fraction increased 4.2- to 5.2-fold. The concentration of these valuable phytochemicals in the oil fraction is largely due to the depletion of oil reserves during germination, as well as the de novo synthesis of new alpha-tocopherol stimulated by the presence of light. Germination may represent a viable means to naturally concentrate these high-value constituents in canola oil, offering improvements in oil quality based on the nutritional value and oxidative protection offered by tocopherols and the health benefits provided by both tocopherols and phytosterols.
Understanding the HER family in breast cancer: interaction with ligands, dimerization and treatments (2010)

Breast carcinoma is the most frequent type of cancer affecting women. Among the recently described molecular and phenotypic classes of breast cancer, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumours are associated with a poor prognosis. HER2 plays an important role in cancer progression being targeted to provide predictive and prognostic information. Moreover, HER2 is related to cancer resistance against a variety of therapies; however, trastuzumab (herceptin) has proved successful in treatment of this subgroup. Nevertheless, resistance to this drug may be acquired by patients after a period of treatment, which indicates that other molecular mechanisms might influence success of this therapy. Dimerization between members of the HER family may contribute to resistance against treatments due to different combinations that trigger different downstream pathways. This is promoted by ligands, which are expressed as transmembrane precursor protein molecules and have a conserved epidermal growth factor-like domain. Through resistance to trastuzumab, other drugs are being developed to interact in different domains of HER2 protein. It might be a good strategy to apply new drugs simultaneously to trastuzumab due to act in different domains of HER2. The study of interaction between receptors/ligands will characterize specifically their signalling pathway and understand which strategy to acquire.
Preparation of high‐fructose syrup from the tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke (<i>Helianthus tuberosus</i>L.) (1979)

Fructose has recently received much attention due to renewed interest in natural sweeteners. In addition, fructose has some advantages to sucrose in sweetness, solubility, viscosity, and dental health characteristics. Fructose is deposited as storage fructans of the inulin (beta-1,2) type in tubers and rhizomes of the Compositae family. The utilization of the Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) tuber as a source of fructose syrup is discussed. This plant has the potential to produce more sugar per acre than corn or sugar beets. In addition, the artichoke has higher frost resistance and lower heat unit requirements than corn and is somewhat more tolerant to low moisture conditions than sugar beets. A high quality fructose syrup can be produced from artichoke tubers. The extraction step was found to be particularly important since development of adverse colors and flavors must be prevented. The fructans may be acid or enzyme hydrolyzed but the latter method gave a higher quality syrup. Ion-exchange resins and activated charcoal were effective in removing coloring and flavoring materials, and also reduced other noncarbohydrate constituents. Since the enzymatic hydrolysis of the fructans is an attractive alternative to acid hydrolysis, a process was developed for producing and purifying a special beta-fructofuranosidase (inulase) from Saccharomyces fragilis. Inulase has a much higher specificity for fructans than commerically available beta-fructofuranosidase (invertase).
IMPROVING CHANNEL ESTIMATION IN OFDM SYSTEMS FOR (2004)

We describe an algorithm for sparse channel estimation in orthogonal frequency division mUltiplexing (OFDM) systell'ls. The proposed algo­ rithm uses Least Squares (LS) technique for channel estimation and a Generalized Akaike Inforll'lation Criterion to estimate the channel length and tap positions. This effectively reduces the signal space of the LS estim ator, and hence improves the estima­ tion performance as demonstrated using computer sill'lulations. For exall'lple, the proposed modified LS with sparse channel estimation algorithm has a SdB lower mean square error in channel estimation when compared to the conventional LS approach (2) which translates to approximately O.SdB ill'lprove­ ment in SNR at receiver.
Defending the IASP Definition of Pain (2017)

Abstract The official definition of ‘pain’ by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) hasn’t seen much revision since its publication in 1979. There have been various criticisms of the definition in the literature from different quarters. In my view, most of these criticisms depend on misunderstandings or on uncharitable interpretations. My aim is to go over the definition, clarify some potential ambiguities, and argue that these criticisms don’t cut much ice. At the end, I will present a few slightly reworded versions of the definition that I claim are more felicitous and capture the original intended meaning by the members of the taxonomic committee in a much better and transparent way that avoids all the major extant criticisms in the literature.
Structural and functional organization of the human endogenous retroviral ERV9 sequences (1992)

The human genome contains a variety of genetic elements similar in structure to retroviruses and retrotransposons. We report here the structural and functional organization of a novel human endogenous retroviral family (ERV9). Three polyadenylated RNAs, 8, 2, and 1.5 kb long, are detected by Northern blot in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma NT2/D1 cells. Upon genomic cloning of an expressed ERV9 locus, we demonstrated that the three polyadenylated RNAs are originated by a single ERV9 locus by alternative usage of splicing and polyadenylation signals. DNA sequence analysis of different ERV9 LTRs have revealed that they are heterogeneous in length and that the length variability is due to the number of tandemly repeated subelements present in both U3 and U5 regions; moreover, the ERV9 LTRs are capable to drive expression of a reporter gene in transient expression assays. Finally, analysis of the ERV9 5' transcription start site has allowed us to define the U3-R-U5 organization of the ERV9 LTR.
Antibodies to Cell Wall Peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus in Patients with Serious Staphylococcal Infections (1981)

An enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to detect antibodies to the cell wall peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus aureus in human sera. All 170 sera from donors and patients with staphylococcal and nonstaphylococcal infections contained IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan; antibody levels varied with age, and transplacental transfer occurred. IgM antibodies to peptidoglycan were not found in donors and were present in only one patient with serious staphylococcal infection. Significantly elevated levels of IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan were observed in 20 (80%) of 25 patients with deep tissue infection with S. aureus but in only two (9%) of 22 patients with superficial staphylococcal infection. An increase in levels of antibodies to peptidoglycan generally coincided with an increase in level of IgG antibodies to teichoic acid. No cross-reactivity between peptidoglycan and teichoic acid was observed. Thus, staphylococcal peptidoglycan is immunogenic in humans, and testing for IgG antibodies to peptidoglycan may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of serious staphylococcal infections.
Prospective study of esophageal botulinum toxin injection in high-risk achalasia patients. (1997)

Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin injection may be appropriate in those achalasia patients who are elderly or have concomitant medical problems but concern persists regarding the length of the response and untoward side effects.
A novel device for assessing dark adaptation in field settings (2015)

The consistent physiological response demonstrated here supports the use of the PFDA as a reliable tool to measure dark adaptation. As a next step, PFDA measurements will be validated against biochemical indicators of vitamin A status and hypoxemia. Ultimately, this new technology may provide a novel approach for nutritional assessment, with potential clinical applications.
Cytoskeleton disruption in chondrocytes from a rat osteoarthrosic (OA) -induced model: its potential role in OA pathogenesis. (2004)

Morphological and functional changes of chondrocytes are typical in OA cartilage. In this work, we have described noteworthy changes in intermediate filaments cytoskeleton evidenced by transmission electron microscopy. Alterations in the distribution as well as in the content of vimentin, actin, and tubulin have been described by specific fluorescence labelling of each cytoskeletal component and confocal analysis. Normal vs OA cartilages showed a reduction in the percentage of labelled chondrocytes of 37.1% for vimentin, 4.7% for actin, and 20.1% for tubulin. Statistical analysis of fluorescence intensities (mean % +/- SEM) between normal and OA rat cartilage revealed a highly significant difference in vimentin, a significant difference in tubulin, and a non-significant difference in actin. Moreover, by western blot, altered electrophoretic patterns were observed mainly for vimentin and tubulin in OA cartilage in comparison with normal cartilage. These results allow us to suggest that substantial changes in vimentin and tubulin cytoskeleton of chondrocytes might be involved in OA pathogenesis.
Several Affinity Tags Commonly Used in Chromatographic Purification (2013)

Affinity tags have become powerful tools from basic biological research to structural and functional proteomics. They were widely used to facilitate the purification and detection of proteins of interest, as well as the separation of protein complexes. Here, we mainly discuss the benefits and drawbacks of several affinity or epitope tags frequently used, including hexahistidine tag, FLAG tag, Strep II tag, streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) tag, calmodulin-binding peptide (CBP), glutathione S-transferase (GST), maltose-binding protein (MBP), S-tag, HA tag, and c-Myc tag. In some cases, a large-size affinity tag, such as GST or MBP, can significantly impact on the structure and biological activity of the fusion partner protein. So it is usually necessary to excise the tag by protease. The most commonly used endopeptidases are enterokinase, factor Xa, thrombin, tobacco etch virus, and human rhinovirus 3C protease. The proteolysis features of these proteases are described in order to provide a general guidance on the proteolytic removal of the affinity tags.
Multimedia coding using adaptive regions of interest (2005)

The key attributes of neural processing essential to adaptive multimedia processing are presented. The objective is to show why neural networks are a core technology for efficient representation for image information. It is demonstrated how neural network technology gives a solution for extracting a segmentation mask in adaptive region-of-interest (ROI) video coding. The algorithm uses a two-layer neural network architecture that classifies video frames in ROI and non-ROI areas, also being able to adapt its performance automatically to scene changes. The algorithm is incorporated in motion-compensated discrete cosine transform (MC-DCT) based coding schemes, optimally allocating more bits to ROI than to non-ROI areas, achieving better image quality, as well as signal-to-noise ratio improvements compared to standard MPEG MC-DCT encoders.