gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Possessing a Nitric Oxide Donor Diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate Moiety:  Design, Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Nitric Oxide Release Studies (2005)

A novel group of hybrid nitric oxide-releasing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs ((*)NO-NSAIDs) possessing a 1-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (11, 13, 15) or 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (12, 14, 16) moiety attached via a one-carbon methylene spacer to the carboxylic acid group of the traditional NSAIDs aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin were synthesized. Although none of these ester prodrugs (11-16) exhibited in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity against the COX-1 and COX-2 isozymes (IC(50) > 100 microM), all of the compounds (11-16) significantly decreased carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. In this regard, the ester prodrugs 11-16 showed equipotent antiinflammatory activities in vivo to that of the parent drugs aspirin, ibuprofen, and indomethacin. All of the compounds released nitric oxide upon incubation with either phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 (14-16% range) or porcine liver esterase (16-19% range), but the percentage of (*)NO released was up to sixfold higher (93%) when these ester prodrugs were incubated with guinea pig serum. These incubation studies suggest that both (*)NO and the parent NSAID would be released upon in vivo cleavage by nonspecific serum esterases. The simultaneous release of aspirin and nitric oxide from the (*)NO-aspirin prodrugs constitutes a potentially beneficial property for the prophylactic prevention of thrombus formation and adverse cardiovascular events such as stroke and myocardial infarction. The data acquired in an in vivo ulcer index (UI) assay showed that for this group of ester prodrugs, particularly the (*)NO-aspirins (11, 12) and (*)NO-ibuprofens (13, 14), no lesions were observed (UI = 0) when compared to the parent drugs aspirin (UI = 57, 250 mg/kg po dose), ibuprofen (UI = 45, 250 mg/kg po dose), or indomethacin (UI = 34, 30 mg/kg po dose) at equivalent doses. Accordingly, these hybrid (*)NO-NSAID prodrugs possessing a diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate moiety, represent a new approach for the rational design of antiinflammatory drugs with reduced gastric ulcerogenicity.
In vitro incorporation of<sup>2</sup>H at the C-10 methyl group of obtusifoliol during the enzymatic cleavage of the 9β,19β-cyclopropane ring of cycloeucalenol (1976)

A. Rahier, P. Benveniste and L. Cattel, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 287 DOI: 10.1039/C39760000287
A Review of Implantable Sensors (1983)

Solid state sensors offer high performance, small size, lower cost, and compatibility with computing circuits. The current status of these sensors for biomedical applications is reviewed. Physical transducers may be used to measure pressure, flow, acceleration, velocity, etc. Chemical transducers may measure H+, K+, Na+, etc. Research required for their implantation is suggested.
Author response: The mitochondrial acyl carrier protein (ACP) coordinates mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis with iron sulfur cluster biogenesis (2016)

Like animals and plants, yeast cells contain structures called mitochondria. These structures are commonly referred to as the powerhouses of the cell because they provide much of the energy that cells need to survive. All mitochondria contain a protein called acyl carrier protein (ACP), which cells need in order to live. The ACP protein has a number of known roles including manufacturing the molecules that make up certain fats and helping to organise other proteins that are important for energy production. However, neither of these roles explain why yeast cells require ACP because the other proteins required for these processes are not required for survival. Mitochondria are also the sites where iron and sulfur atoms are joined together to make the iron sulfur clusters that many proteins need in order to carry out their roles. Van Vranken, Jeong et al. now show that the ACP protein associates with a molecular machine that makes iron sulfur clusters in the mitochondria of budding yeast cells. The experiments show that this interaction is needed to produce iron sulfur clusters, and without it the other proteins involved in the process are not able to work together. Since iron sulfur clusters are essential for life, this could explain why cells cannot survive without ACP. Van Vranken et al. also showed that ACP is only able to efficiently produce iron sulfur clusters when a chemical called a “4-PP-conjugated acyl chain” is attached to it. It is possible to separate the activity of ACP in making iron sulfur clusters from its previously known roles. Van Vranken et al. suggest that the addition of the 4-PP-conjugated acyl chain to ACP may help to balance the use of ACP between its different activities. Moving forward, Van Vranken et al. hope to determine the structure of ACP in more detail to understand how it contributes to iron sulfur cluster formation, and why this single protein has evolved to perform so many distinct roles.
Gibt es einen „Duft der MHC‐Gene“? (2018)

Zusammenfassung Verhaltensexperimente mit Mäusen und Menschen sprechen für einen Einfluss der für die Immunantwort wichtigen Gene des MHC (major histocompatibility locus) für die Unterscheidung von Selbst und Nicht‐Selbst bei der Partnerwahl. Diese Korrelation ist bei Mäusen gut dokumentiert, bei Menschen jedoch umstritten. Die Signalübertragung soll durch von einem Sender gebildete, MHC‐spezifische Duftkomponenten und deren Wahrnehmung durch Riechen beim Empfänger erfolgen. Es wird gezeigt, dass das Gesamtbouquet der flüchtigen Substanzen bei Maus und Mensch nicht und das Peptidmuster der Mäuse nur marginal vom MHC beeinflusst werden. Bei Mäusen scheint das Duftbouquet ohne MHC‐Beteiligung dennoch eine Rolle bei der Partnerwahl zu spielen, indem das bei der Aufzucht von den Eltern erlernte Profil mit dem abweichenden Profil eines sodann bevorzugten Partners verglichen wird. Ein von nahen Verwandten abweichendes Duftprofil ohne Einfluss des MHC könnte auch unbewusst bei der menschlichen Partnerwahl eine Rolle spielen.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE VON ADDITIONEN AN NORBORNEN UND 7,7‐DIMETHYL‐NORBORNEN, INTERPRETATION DES STERISCHEN EINFLUSSES VON 7,7‐DIMETHYLSUBSTITUENTEN AUF RK. DES NORBORNYL‐SYST. (1970)

Abstract Norbornen (I) und Apobornen (II) werden einer Reihe von typischer Additionsreaktionen unterworfen.
On Wave Force Analysis Using System Identification (1992)

It is well known that the Morison equation has a limited capability in predicting wave forces on slender cylindrical members of offshore structures. Attempts have been made to improve prediction in both the time and frequency domains using system identification . In this paper the work to date will be reviewed. System identification requires samples of time data for force and flow velocity; considered here are data from a U-tube, the De Voorst wave flame and the Christchurch Bay tower. The results obtained in the time-domain include an improved classification of wave forces and excellent predictions of measured forces although the model structures are case specific. A series expansion for the force spectrum is proposed via the Morison-Duffing equation which promises more accurate modelling of high frequency components in the force histories for general application. This has implications for fatigue analysis.
Evidence for the common origin of viral and cellular sequences involved in sarcomagenic transformation (1980)

The src genes of six different strains of avian sarcoma virus (ASV) were compared with those of a series of newly isolated sarcoma viruses, termed "recovery avian sarcoma viruses" (rASV's). The rASV's were isolated recently from chicken and quail tumors induced by transformation-defective (td) deletion mutants of Schmidt-Ruppin Rous sarcoma virus. The RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide maps were constructed for the RNA genomes of different strains of ASV and td mutants. The src-specific sequences, characterized by RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides ranging from 9 to 19 nucleotides long, were defined as those mapping between approximately 600 and 2,800 nucleotides from the 3' polyadenylate end of individual sarcoma viral RNAs, and missing in the corresponding td viral RNAs. Our results revealed that 12 src-specific oligonucleotides were highly conserved among several strains of ASV, including the rASV's, whereas certain strains of ASV were found to contain one to three characteristic src-specific oligonucleotides. We previously presented evidence supporting the idea that most of the src-specific sequences present in rASV RNAs are derived from cellular genetic information. Our present data indicate that the src genes of rASV's are closely related to other known ASVs. We conclude that the src genes of different strains of ASV and the cellular sarc sequences are of common origin, although some divergence has occurred among different viral src genes and related cellular sequences.
Barley disease susceptibility factor RACB acts in epidermal cell polarity and positioning of the nucleus (2016)

RHO GTPases are regulators of cell polarity and immunity in eukaryotes. In plants, RHO-like RAC/ROP GTPases are regulators of cell shaping, hormone responses, and responses to microbial pathogens. The barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) RAC/ROP protein RACB is required for full susceptibility to penetration by Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh), the barley powdery mildew fungus. Disease susceptibility factors often control host immune responses. Here we show that RACB does not interfere with early microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immune responses such as the oxidative burst or activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. RACB also supports rather than restricts expression of defence-related genes in barley. Instead, silencing of RACB expression by RNAi leads to defects in cell polarity. In particular, initiation and maintenance of root hair growth and development of stomatal subsidiary cells by asymmetric cell division is affected by silencing expression of RACB. Nucleus migration is a common factor of developmental cell polarity and cell-autonomous interaction with Bgh RACB is required for positioning of the nucleus near the site of attack from Bgh We therefore suggest that Bgh profits from RACB's function in cell polarity rather than from immunity-regulating functions of RACB.
Tomographic imaging of a heavy oil reservoir using well logs, VSP, and 3‐D seismic (1986)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986Tomographic imaging of a heavy oil reservoir using well logs, VSP, and 3‐D seismicAuthors: Robert R. StewartStephen K. ChiuRobert R. StewartVeritas Software Ltd. and Stephen K. ChiuAlberta Research Councilhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892998 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892998FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1986ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1986 Pages: 715 publication data© 1986 Copyright © 1986 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Robert R. Stewart and Stephen K. Chiu, (1986), "Tomographic imaging of a heavy oil reservoir using well logs, VSP, and 3‐D seismic," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 558-560. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892998 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Robust Active Damping Method for a PWM Converter Operating with an Unknown Inductance on the Power Grid (2015)

A PWM converter generally includes a low-pass filter to remove the high-frequency switching currents that flow into the power grid. If the inductance of the power grid greatly increases, the response of the automatic current regulator (ACR) deteriorates. When the ACR response deteriorates, the power grid is affected by low-frequency oscillations, making the power supply unstable. A type of low-pass filter is proposed to suppress the resonance, but several problems still remain. Active dampers achieve resonance suppression without a damping resistor. However, they need additional sensors to achieve a high performance and a sensorless type becomes more sensitive to the inductance changes in the power grid. In this study, we propose an observer-based active damper to control the resonance using an LCL filter. The deterioration in the current loop's response can be prevented, even if the power grid's inductance increases, preventing low-frequency disturbances. The proposed control method is achieved without needing to tune to the corresponding power grid's inductance.
Comparison of design concepts for AC low voltage distribution networks (2014)

The progression of embedded generation in distribution networks combined with an expanding use of electricity for mobility, heating and air conditioning leads to an increased loading of the distribution networks. These incoming challenges and their consequences make us reflect whether it is reasonable to retain the present design concepts and paradigms. The paper analyzes the required capabilities of the future low voltage distribution networks, expressing them in terms of demand and coincidence of the demand. Based on these requirements, various design concept scenarios are developed and tested on an exemplary network topology. Rather than adjusting the cross section of the cables or adding substations to the network (to reduce the distance between substations and delivery points), the nominal voltage and the voltage tolerance range are varied. This basic investigation forms the evolution paths for low voltage distribution systems and provides a platform for further discussion. A change in design paradigms is laborious, but a well prepared transition of the systems' design concepts has the potential to be a more economical solution than the unquestioned use of aged design concepts.
Effect of Bird Cage Space and Dietary Metabolizable Energy Level on Production Parameters in Laying Hens (2006)

A study was conducted to assess the effects of varying cage spaces on a commercial laying hen strain fed differing levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) for 15 wk. Four cage space allowances (342, 413, 516, and 690 cm2/hen) were combined with 3 levels of dietary ME (2,800, 2,850, and 2,900 kcal of ME/kg) in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement. Each treatment was assigned to 6 replicate cages for a total of 72 cages in randomized complete block design. Feed intake and metabolizable energy intake were significantly (P < 0.01) greater for hens housed at 690 cm2/hen compared with those housed at 413 and 342 cm2/hen, but not those housed at 516 cm2/hen, across all dietary ME levels. Egg production and egg mass were significantly (P < 0.001) improved for hens housed at 690 cm2/ hen in contrast to other cage spaces and across all energy levels. There were no interaction effects of ME levels on laying hen performance at varying cage space except for body weight change. Hens housed at 516 cm2/ hen and fed 2,800 kcal of ME/kg exhibited the greatest weight change, which was significantly (P < 0.05) greater than those fed other levels of ME at the same cage space. Hens housed at 690 cm2/hen had significantly (P < 0.05) greater ME efficiency of egg production than hens housed at other cage spaces. Hens fed the diet with 2,900 kcal of ME/kg had significantly (P < 0.001) greater ME digestibility compared with those fed 2,800 or 2,580 kcal of ME/ kg with differences of 107 and 118 kcal of ME/kg, respectively. There were no significant effects of ME levels observed except ME digestibility, and no significant effects of cage space allowance on egg weight, hen weight, bone ash, or maintenance energy intake. It is evident that decreasing the number of birds per cage and increasing cage space allowance per hen had an overall positive effect on performance.
The Significance of Wheat in the Dakota Territory, Human Evolution, Civilization, and Degenerative Diseases (2001)

When Judah Litwinenco arrived with his wife and three young children at the end of the railroad line in Aberdeen, Dakota Territory, in 1888, no towns or human settlements existed between Aberdeen and the Missouri River. Ten years previously, Chief Sitting Bull and his chiefs and warriors had been defeated by the U.S. Army, and the Sioux tribe was forcibly encamped west of the Missouri River in an arid plain that would later became an Indian reservation. The cavalry and patrols of the U.S. Army kept the Sioux warriors from occupying the more fertile land east of the Missouri River, while the Homestead Act of 1864 permitted settlers to occupy and own a section of this fertile land after residence was established, and to receive title to the property at the end of 10 years. [End Page 52]
Controllable high-repetition-rate 1.645 μm laser pulse pair generation for lidar applications (1997)

In this paper, we describe the temporal laser pulse dynamics of the 1.645 micrometers Er:YAG laser pumped by a 1.532 micrometers Er:glass laser. It can be shown that controllable double pulsing of the 1.645 micrometers laser action can be obtained by gain-switched type operation and a variable cavity loss. The rate equation dynamics model can predict this behavior, and thereby provide a design platform for generating controllable double pulsing outputs at high repetition rates. Applications to lidar techniques are discussed. Some innovative applications include polarization discrimination techniques in target detection technology and mitigating atmospheric turbulence effects in measurements.
High temperature oxidation and γ′ depletion in the single-crystal superalloy PWA 1484 (2016)

Single-crystal Ni-base superalloys are a favoured material for blades in the hot section of aero turbines. These materials exhibit excellent dimensional stability, deformation response and oxidation behaviour at higher temperatures, relative to other metals. Due to the high service temperatures and fluctuating loads experienced by turbine blades, a complete understanding of the material’s oxidation and γ′ depletion kinetics is sought to characterise this aspect of the material’s deformation response. This work provides the results and subsequent analysis of stress-free γ′ depletion tests performed on the single-crystal Ni-base superalloy PWA 1484. It was determined that the γ′ depletion kinetics of this material followed a sub-parabolic rate law. Furthermore, γ′ depletion kinetics were dependent upon surface roughness. Surface roughness can be an issue in practical application of oxidation principles and data. A relationship is developed, based on the literature and current work, which relates the stress-free γ′ depletion kinetics to exposure temperature, time and surface roughness.
Determination of the Isosteric Heat of Adsorption for CH4 and CO2 mixtures in NaY with a modified DR equation (2018)

A modified Dubinin-Radushkevich equation was applied to correlate pure CO2 and CH4 adsorption in NaY zeolite at different temperatures. DR parameters obtained were inserted in Sundaram-Yang model coupled with IAST to predict isosteric heats of adsorption for CO2 + CH4 mixtures. All calculations were developed with Evolutionary method of Microsoft Excel®’s Solver. Results indicate that heat released from CO2 adsorption in the mixture is bigger than CH4, and it corroborates CO2 is more strongly adsorbed than CH4 on NaY zeolite and give information about energies involved in such binary systems.
The effects of oxytetracycline on the intestinal<i>Escherichia coli</i>flora of newly weaned pigs (1985)

Four recently weaned pigs were dosed orally with oxytetracycline. This caused a rapid increase in the incidence of tetracycline resistance (TcR) among Escherichia coli isolates from the faecal flora. The isolates were differentiated further on the basis of O-serogroup, biotype and resistance pattern. There was no evidence that the administration of the antibiotic selected for a few TcR clones, but rather a relatively large number of TcR strains were identified during the dosing period. Using selective isolation media a proportion of these strains were demonstrated in the minority faecal Esch. coli flora before dosing, while the remainder were recognized for the first time after dosing commenced. The incidence of TcR among Esch. coli isolates also increased after weaning in other pigs which were not dosed with oxytetracycline or any other antibacterial agent. In a proportion of these animals this increase was associated with the dominance of a TcR enteropathogenic serotype (0149:K 91, K 88a, c) in the faecal Esch. coli flora which was probably ingested in small numbers before weaning. The source of other TcR strains was probably the environment in which each pig was placed after weaning.
Epidemiology and clinical risk factors predisposing to thromboembolism in children with cancer (2008)

TE is common in children with cancer. Age and type of cancer are independent risk factors for TE in children with non-CNS cancers. CVL-dysfunction and intra-thoracic disease are significantly associated with the diagnosis of TE.
Efficient Evolutionary Method to Approximate the Pareto Optimal Set in Multiobjective Optimization (2008)

Solving real-life engineering problems requires often multiobjective, global and efficient (in terms of ob-jective function evaluations) treatment. In this study, we consider problems of this type by discussing some drawbacks of the current methods and then introduce a new population based multiobjective op-timization algorithm which produces a dense (not limited to the population size) approximation of the Pareto optimal set in a computationally effective manner. 2. Keywords: efficient Pareto front approximation, multicriteria optimization, population-based ap-proaches
Patterns of growth deficiency in rats exposed in utero to undernutrition, ethanol, or the neuroteratogen methylazoxymethanol (MAM) (1994)

Children and experimental animals exposed to ethanol (EtOH) in utero commonly have low birthweights, and many remain small at maturity. Low body weight or small stature in adulthood may reflect an inability to recover from in utero growth retardation, or it may reflect a separate, postnatal growth deficiency. In this study, daily body weights (postnatal days 1 to 60) were compared among the offspring of the following groups of Long Evans rats: dams fed liquid diet containing 35% EtOH-derived calories; their pair-fed and chow-fed controls; and dams exposed to methylazoxymethanol (MAM) in two previous studies, in which offspring exhibited reduced numbers of growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) neurons. All treatments produced a number of offspring with weight deficits beginning after birth and persisting into maturity. Three distinct patterns of growth deficiency were observed: (1) weight loss relative to controls in the first weeks of life, seen in offspring exposed to EtOH, pair feeding, or MAM on gestation day 13 (G13); (2) a delay in the onset of the prepubertal growth spurt, seen in all EtOH-exposed offspring and in G13 MAM-exposed dwarfs; and (3) failure to sustain the prepubertal growth spurt, seen only after exposure to MAM on G14. The results of this study support the view that prenatal EtOH exposure is capable of affecting postnatal growth specifically; moreover, the pattern of growth deficiency seen in EtOH-exposed offspring was distinct from that of the undernourished offspring of pair-fed dams.