gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The FNV Non-Cryptographic Hash Algorithm (2019)

FNV (Fowler/Noll/Vo) is a fast, non-cryptographic hash algorithm with
good dispersion. The purpose of this document is to make information
on FNV and open source code performing FNV conveniently available to
the Internet community.
Superficial Zone of Articular Cartilage after Immobilization and Running Training: Is Proteoglycan Depletion the Clue to the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthrosis? (1992)

Superficial Zone of Articular Cartilage after Immobilization and Running Training: Is Proteoglycan Depletion the Clue to the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthrosis? was published in Wolff's Law and Connective Tissue Regulation on page 279.
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLEN AUS BIS‐BETA‐KETOPHOSPHINOXIDEN 1. MITT. 3,5‐DISUBSTITUIERTE 1‐PHENYL‐PHOSPHORYL‐4‐AZA‐CYCLOHEXADIENE‐(2,5) (1972)

Abstract Aus den Phosphinoxiden (I) erhält man mit Butylamin die Addukte (II), die sauer zu den Diketonen (III) verseift werden.
Development of Nitrogen Removal System Using Heterotrophic Denitrifying Bacteria Entrapped in Gel Carriers (2011)

脱窒菌を含む活性汚泥を包括固定化した担体を用い，排水中の亜硝酸および硝酸の除去について検討した。水素供与体としてメタノールを用い，合成排水による連続処理試験を行った。生物毒性のある亜硝酸を基質とした場合でも，脱窒システムは立上げることが可能であり，運転開始46日目には脱窒速度1.4 kg-N m-3 d-1を確認した。硝酸を基質として過負荷試験を行った結果，最大脱窒速度3.6 kg-N m-3 d-1が得られ，高い処理性能を示した。過負荷条件下では，原水中の硝酸が残留するのではなく亜硝酸の蓄積が確認され，亜硝酸還元が律速となる傾向が示された。同時に蓄積した亜硝酸により，脱窒性能が低下させる傾向も確認された。
Photosynthetic routes to prostaglandins. Synthesis of prostaglandin-C2 and analogues (1979)

The 5-endo-7-anti-disubstituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ones (1)–(5) afforded the aldehydes (6)–(10) respectively on photolysis. The hydroxy-aldehyde (10) is a known intermediate in the synthesis of prostaglandin-C2. The aldehydes (7)–(9) were converted into the 11,12-dehydroprostaglandin-F2α derivatives (14)–(18).
New approaches to cancer therapies (1999)

Inactivation of the tumour suppressors p53 and p16INK4a or activating mutations in the ras oncogene are the most common genetic alterations found in human cancers. In this review, novel approaches designed to evaluate the effect of targeting intracellular molecules are described and it is shown how information derived from small synthetic peptides can stimulate novel approaches for cancer drugs. This review also gives an example of how molecular, biochemical, and cell biology studies of cancer-associated gene products can, via organic chemistry, be translated into active drugs ready for testing in clinical trials. New cancer treatments are directly springing out of studies related to tumour physiology, where the prime target is not the tumour cells but the tumour blood vessels; some of the different approaches that are being tested will be highlighted here. Finally, some of the difficulties and promises using cancer-associated genes in gene therapy are discussed.
Beyond a complete failure: the impact of partial capacity degradation on public transport network vulnerability (2016)

Disruptions in public transport networks (PTNs) often lead to partial capacity reductions rather than complete closures. This study aims to move beyond the vulnerability analysis of complete failures by investigating the impacts of a range of capacity reductions on PTN performance. The relation between network performance and the degradation of line or link capacities is investigated by establishing a vulnerability curve and related metrics. The analysis framework is applied to a full-scan analysis of planned temporary line-level capacity reductions and an analysis of unplanned link-level capacity reductions on the most central segments in the multi-modal rapid PTN of Stockholm, Sweden. The impacts of capacity reductions are assessed using a non-equilibrium dynamic public transport operations and assignment model. The nonlinear properties of on-board crowding, denied boarding, network effects and route choice result in non-trivial, generally convex, relations which carry implications on disruption planning and real-time management.
Identification of 5-Hydroxytryptophan by Dansylation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Phenylketonuria (1974)

Article Identification of 5-Hydroxytryptophan by Dansylation in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Children with Phenylketonuria was published on January 1, 1974 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 355, issue 2).
Genetic diversity of<i>Bradyrhizobium</i>strains isolated from<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> (2001)

Rhizobia are used exclusively in agricultural systems for enhancing the ability of legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Knowledge about the indigenous population is necessary for the selection and application of inoculant strains. In this study, we have assessed the genetic diversity of Bradyrhizobium strains isolated from the host plant, Arachis hypogaea along the coastline of Tamil Nadu. Different populations collected from varying environmental conditions were analysed for salt and pH tolerance. Genetic diversity among the strains was studied using RAPD markers and PCR-RFLP of 16S rDNA and nifD genes. The approaches used in this study yielded consistent results, which revealed a high degree of heterogeneity among strains and detection of two distinct genetic groups.
A MusD Retrotransposon Insertion in the Mouse Slc6a5 Gene Causes Alterations in Neuromuscular Junction Maturation and Behavioral Phenotypes (2012)

Glycine is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the spinal cord and some brain regions. The presynaptic glycine transporter, GlyT2, is required for sustained glycinergic transmission through presynaptic reuptake and recycling of glycine. Mutations in SLC6A5, encoding GlyT2, cause hereditary hyperekplexia in humans, and similar phenotypes in knock-out mice, and variants are associated with schizophrenia. We identified a spontaneous mutation in mouse Slc6a5, caused by a MusD retrotransposon insertion. The GlyT2 protein is undetectable in homozygous mutants, indicating a null allele. Homozygous mutant mice are normal at birth, but develop handling-induced spasms at five days of age, and only survive for two weeks, but allow the study of early activity-regulated developmental processes. At the neuromuscular junction, synapse elimination and the switch from embryonic to adult acetylcholine receptor subunits are hastened, consistent with a presumed increase in motor neuron activity, and transcription of acetylcholine receptors is elevated. Heterozygous mice, which show no reduction in lifespan but nonetheless have reduced levels of GlyT2, have a normal thermal sensitivity with the hot-plate test, but differences in repetitive grooming and decreased sleep time with home-cage monitoring. Open-field and elevated plus-maze tests did not detect anxiety-like behaviors; however, the latter showed a hyperactivity phenotype. Importantly, grooming and hyperactivity are observed in mouse schizophrenia models. Thus, mutations in Slc6a5 show changes in neuromuscular junction development as homozygotes, and behavioral phenotypes as heterozygotes, indicating their usefulness for studies related to glycinergic dysfunction.
Application of orientation imaging to the study of substructural development in cold deformed Al-0.3%Mn single crystal of {110}<112> orientation (2010)

A systematic study of the deformation microstructures over 3 perpendicular surfaces was carried out in the present work in order to correlate better the substructure with slip patterns, initial and final crystal orientation, and the macroscopic coordinate system. The microstructure and texture evolution of high purity Al-0.3 wt% Mn alloy of initial near brass {110}<112> (or Bs) orientation, channel-die compressed to the strain level of 1.5, were studied by TEM (including TEM orientation mapping) and high-resolution FEG-SEM/EBSD techniques to observe crystal subdivision deformation patterns at the microscopic scale. The grain orientation dependent structures were analyzed in terms of active slip systems focussing on the crystallography of extended planar boundaries. It was concluded that the type of dislocation structure (one or two sets of microbands) in {110}<112> oriented crystallites, at moderate strains (< 1.5) depended strongly on the crystallographic grain orientation. In this non-ideal initial crystal orientation the applied deformation mode activates a double slip, of which one system predominates and leads to further rotation away from Bs. A general rotation combined with a wide orientation spread is observed after a strain up to 1.5. The microband boundary alignment corresponds very well to the traces of crystallographic {111} planes, on which most of the slip occurs.
Measurement of the Dimerization Equilibrium Constants of Enantiomers (2002)

The formation of homochiral and heterochiral dimers in solutions of enantiomers causes a number of remarkable phenomena, such as the enantiomeric enrichment of nonracemic mixtures on achiral chromatographic columns when chiral monomers and dimers exhibit different retention behavior. In this work, such effects on optical rotation and UV absorbance are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. In particular, it is demonstrated how optical rotation measurements can be used to estimate the dimerization equilibrium constants. It is shown how significant this is for polarimeter calibration, as well as for the determination of enantiomer concentrations in process streams, when optical rotation and UV absorbance measurements are combined. All experimental measurements refer to the enantiomers of the chiral 2,2‘-dihydroxy-1,1‘-binaphthyl in chloroform, at a temperature of 23 °C. The measured values of its dimerization equilibrium constants are 1.3 ± 0.5 and 3.1 ± 1.0 L/mol for the formation of homochiral and of heterochiral dimers, respectively.
Gas-Liquid Chromatographic Analyses of Cotton Partial Esters (1969)

Keywords Chemical Analysis, Cellulose Ester Fibers, Cotton Fabrics, Chromatography, Alkali Hydrolysis, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, DS (Cellulose), Infrared Spectra
EVALUATION OF A SIMULATED ROAD TEXTURE FOR THE TESTING OF TIRE/ROAD NOISE (1982)

As part of a project to study tire/road noise, a laboratory roadwheel facility was equipped with replica road surfaces. The replica surfaces, of a design first developed by Dunlop, Ltd., consisted of fiberglass and epoxy resin shells clamped to the roadwheel. The outer surface of each shell was molded from a rubber impression taken from a real road surface, thus replicating the texture. To evaluate the effect of pavement texture, and to establish the realism of the replica surfaces, a series of near-field measurements of noise from four heavy truck tires were made on the replica surfaces and on moving tests on the real surfaces. Moving tests on a flat steel surface were also made. Data from these same tires on a smooth steel roadwheel were available from a previous program.
Modulation of actin polymerization by an exogenous protein, lysozyme (1993)

Several methods (fluorescence, high- and low-shear viscosity, and electron microscopy) have been applied to measure the effects of lysozyme on actin polymerization. Under our conditions, at pH 8.0 and 20 degrees C, lysozyme is predominantly dimeric and its major effect is to inhibit the steady-state polymerization of actin. Those actin filaments formed in the presence of lysozyme are significantly shortened with recurrent amorphous densities along the filament length. However, at pH 6.4 and 37 degrees C, lysozyme is monomeric and actin filament cross-linking is observed. We reasoned that in hen egg white lysozyme the tripeptide L-arginyl-glycyl-aspartate (RGD), a sequence capable of mimicking a portion of the receptor sites of extracellular matrix proteins, might be important in lysozyme self-association and, therefore, actin-lysozyme interaction. The presence of RGD in the lysozyme-actin polymerizing solutions at pH 8.0 and 20 degrees C caused an inhibition of the dimeric lysozyme effects, while RGD alone had no effects on actin polymerization. Therefore, RGD most likely binds to a complementary RGD sequence on lysozyme and alters its ability to interact with actin and modify polymerization.
Maximizing the Probability of Detection of Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks (2012)

To support the ever-increasing demand for radio spectrum, the cognitive radio (CR) is proposed as a solution to dynamically assign the spectrum based on certain observations. Weighting the coe-cients vector is the principal factor in∞uencing the detection performance of the system in soft-decision fusion (SDF-) based cooperative spectrum sensing. In this paper, the use of particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm as a signiflcant method is proposed to optimize the weighting coe-cients vector. The proposed technique investigates the best weighting coe-cients vector. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed and compared with genetic algorithm (GA) based technique as well as other conventional SDF schemes through computer simulations. Simulation results validate the strength of the proposed method compared to all other SDF-based schemes.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Separation and Energy Transfer in Carotenopyropheophorbide‐‐Quinone Triads. (1986)

Abstract The synthesis and investigations of the chlorophyll‐based molecules (I) which mimic natural processes such as preventing sensitized singlet oxygen production (and subsequent photodamage to the organism) are reported.
Connectivity based location estimation scheme for wireless ad hoc networks (2003)

We propose a method to estimate the location of a mobile user. We assume that mobile users carry portable devices such as laptops or personal digital assistants equipped with off-the-shelf standard wireless interfaces. The infrastructure has a few fixed nodes whose locations are assumed to be known. The location estimates rely on neighborhood relationships gathered by each user through message exchanges over a wireless ad hoc network. We show that by incorporating non-neighbor constraints, one can substantially improve the accuracy of location estimation as compared to only utilizing neighbor relationships. We also compare our approach without the non-neighbor constraints with the results from a paper (Doherty, L. et al., Proc. INFOCOM, p.1655-63, 2001) based on the same model. Empirical evaluation of our algorithm for several numerical examples is also included.
Dimethyl 2-Methylcubane-1,4-dicarboxylate and Dimethyl 2,3-Dimethylcubane-1,4-dicarboxylate (1995)

The title compounds, dimethyl 2-methylcubane-1,4-dicarboxylate, C 13 H 14 O 4 , and dimethyl 2,3-dimethyl-cubane-1,4-dicarboxylate, C 14 H 16 O 4 , are rare examples of alkyl-substituted cubanes. The 1,2-disubstituted cubane C-C bond lengths of both compounds are generally found to be longer than the other cubane C-C bonds. Both compounds show differences in the cubane C-C distances, as well as differences in the conformations of the methyl carboxylate groups.
Duke Workshop on High-Dimensional Data Sensing and Analysis (2015)

Abstract : This workshop brought together leading experts in the new field of analysis and acquisition of high-dimensional data, including compressive sensing (CS). The meeting focused on new theory, algorithms and application. In addition to having talks from many of the leading researchers from academia, there were talks from the members of the US government and industry, on directions for this new technology, including future research directions and programs.
Heterogeneity of iron bioavailability on plants assessed with a whole-cell GFP-based bacterial biosensor (2000)

Ferric iron is an essential element for microbial growth but its water solubility in aerobic environments is considered to be low. Thus it is a limiting resource for which microbes must compete in natural habitats. Since competition for iron occurs at the level of individual cells, knowledge of the variability in iron bioavailability to such individuals is required to assess the nature of the competition in these habitats. Ferric iron availability to cells of Pseudomonas syringae was assessed by quantifying the fluorescence intensity of single cells harbouring a plasmid-borne transcriptional fusion of an iron-regulated promoter from a locus encoding a membrane receptor for a pyoverdine siderophore with a reporter gene encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) following fluorescence microscopy. Cells of this iron biosensor exhibited iron-dependent GFP fluorescence that was inversely proportional to the amount of iron added to the media, and which differed by over 20-fold in iron-replete compared to iron-deplete culture media. Cells cultured in a medium of a given iron content exhibited a very narrow range of fluorescence intensities. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of cells of the biosensor strain recovered from the rhizosphere or phylloplane of inoculated bean plants varied greatly. The distribution of fluorescence intensities was strongly right-hand skewed, with about 10% of the cells exhibiting substantially higher GFP fluorescence than that of the median cell. Cells of a positive control strain, harbouring a fusion of the constitutive nptII promoter with the gfp reporter gene, exhibited uniform GFP fluorescence both in culture media and on plants. These results indicate that there is substantial heterogeneity of iron biovailability to cells of P. syringae on plants, with only a small subset of cells experiencing low iron availability. Such heterogeneity places constraints on models of interactions of bacteria in natural habitats that are based on competition for limited iron.
Monotherapy May Be Suboptimal for Severe Bacteremic Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2001)

We found that SET is associated with a significantly greater risk of death than DET. Therefore, monotherapy may be suboptimal for patients with severe bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia who have Pneumonia Severity Index scores higher than 90.
An integrated fully-differential switched-current ladder filter (2002)

A fast fully-differential 6th order switched-current ladder filter with transmission zeros has been designed with a 1.2 um CMOS-process. The low-pass cut-off frequency of the filter is 630 kHz and it has a transmission zero at 950 kHz. The used clock frequency is 10 MHz. The filter is constructed with a novel fully-differential SI-integrator. The chip includes the voltage-to-current and the output current-to-voltage converters. The performance-of the SI-filter is compared with the equivalent SC-realization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hindi Grammar. By Edwin Greaves, London Missionary Society. xiii + 512 pp. Allahabad: Indian Press. Price Rs. 6–8; in England 10<i>s</i>. (1922)

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Bitcoin Volatility and Intrinsic Time Using Double Subordinated Levy Processes (2021)

We propose a doubly subordinated Levy process, NDIG, to model the time series properties of the cryptocurrency bitcoin. NDIG captures the skew and fat-tailed properties of bitcoin prices and gives rise to an arbitrage free, option pricing model. In this framework we derive two bitcoin volatility measures. The first combines NDIG option pricing with the Cboe VIX model to compute an implied volatility; the second uses the volatility of the unit time increment of the NDIG model. Both are compared to a volatility based upon historical standard deviation. With appropriate linear scaling, the NDIG process perfectly captures observed, in-sample, volatility.
Detecting the variability of Hydnum ovoideisporum (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales) on the basis of Italian collections, and H. magnorufescens sp. nov. (2012)

Vizzini A, Picillo B, Ercole E, Voyron S, Contu M 2013 -Detecting the variability of Hydnum ovoideisporum (Agaricomycetes, Cantharellales) on the basis of Italian collections, and H
Consonance-Based Spectral Mappings (1998)

This article presents a method of mapping the spectrum of a sound so as to make it tonally consonant with a given specified reference spectrum. One application is to transform inharmonic sounds into harmonic equivalents. Alternatively, this method can be used to create inharmonic instruments that retain much of the tonal quality of familiar (harmonic) instruments. Musical uses of such timbres are discussed, and forms of (inharmonic) modulation are presented. A series of sound examples demonstrate both the breadth and limitations of the method. [Sound examples will be included on the forthcoming compact disc for Volume 22 of Computer Music Journal.-Ed.]
In vivo Reassortment of Thogoto Virus (a Tick-borne Influenza-like Virus) following Oral Infection of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Ticks (1987)

Arboviruses with segmented genomes have the potential to reassort in both their vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Reassortment of Thogoto virus, a tick-borne orthomyxo-like virus, has been demonstrated following dual infection of hamsters by temperature-sensitive mutants. To investigate whether similar events can occur in ticks, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus larvae and nymphs were dually infected by interrupted feeding on viraemic hamsters. Wild-type reassortant virus was isolated from the ticks 12 to 15 days after engorgement. Following moulting, nymphs and adults transmitted reassortant virus to uninfected hamsters. This is the first reported evidence that a tick-borne arbovirus can reassort in vivo in a naturally infected arthropod vector. The relative roles of vector and vertebrate host in generating and perpetuating reassortant viruses in nature are discussed.
Raising HDL cholesterol in women (2009)

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration is essential in the determination of coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in women. This is especially true in the postmenopausal state, where lipid profiles and CHD risk mimic that of age-matched men. Thus, interventions designed to reduce CHD risk by raising HDL-C levels may have particular significance during the transition to menopause. This review discusses HDL-C-raising therapies and the role of HDL in the primary prevention of CHD in women. Lifestyle-based interventions such as dietary change, aerobic exercise regimens, and smoking cessation are initial steps that are effective in raising HDL-C, and available data suggest women respond similarly to men with these interventions. When combined with pharmacotherapy, the effects of these lifestyle alterations are further amplified. Though studies demonstrating gender-specific differences in therapy are limited, niacin continues to be the most effective agent in raising HDL-C levels, especially when used in combination with fibrate or statin therapy. Emerging treatments such as HDL mimetic therapy show much promise in further raising HDL-C levels and improving cardiovascular outcomes.