gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chlorothiocyanates of Phosphorus and Silicon. Phosphorus Chloro (iso) cyanate (1945)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChlorothiocyanates of Phosphorus and Silicon. Phosphorus Chloro (iso) cyanateHerbert H. AndersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1945, 67, 2, 223–225Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1945Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01218a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01218a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract induces human premyelocytic leukemia cell apoptosis through mitochondrion pathway. (2007)

This study was to identify the signaling pathways for the induction of HL-60 cell apoptosis by Cordyceps sinensis mycelium extract (CSME). CSME at 25 mug/ml induced nuclear fragmentation and DNA degradation, two hallmark events of apoptosis, in the HL-60 cells within 12-24 hrs of treatment. Concomitantly, several major events in the mitochondrial signal pathway occurred, including the loss of MTP (DeltaPsi(m)), cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, the decrease in Bcl-2 protein level, the translocation of Bax protein from cytoplasm into mitochondria, and the activation of caspase-2, -3, and -9, but caspase-8, the initiator caspase in the death receptor pathway, was not activated. These results suggest that CSME induces apoptosis in HL-60 cell through the mitochondrial pathway rather than the death receptor pathway.
Gender recognition from speech. Part II: Fine analysis (1991)

The purpose of this research was to investigate the potential effectiveness of digital speech processing and pattern recognition techniques for the automatic recognition of gender from speech. In part I Coarse Analysis [K. Wu and D. G. Childers, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 1828-1840 (1991)] various feature vectors and distance measures were examined to determine their appropriateness for recognizing a speaker's gender from vowels, unvoiced fricatives, and voiced fricatives. One recognition scheme based on feature vectors extracted from vowels achieved 100% correct recognition of the speaker's gender using a database of 52 speakers (27 male and 25 female). In this paper a detailed, fine analysis of the characteristics of vowels is performed, including formant frequencies, bandwidths, and amplitudes, as well as speaker fundamental frequency of voicing. The fine analysis used a pitch synchronous closed-phase analysis technique. Detailed formant features, including frequencies, bandwidths, and amplitudes, were extracted by a closed-phase weighted recursive least-squares method that employed a variable forgetting factor, i.e., WRLS-VFF. The electroglottograph signal was used to locate the closed-phase portion of the speech signal. A two-way statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to test the differences between gender features. The relative importance of grouped vowel features was evaluated by a pattern recognition approach. Numerous interesting results were obtained, including the fact that the second formant frequency was a slightly better recognizer of gender than fundamental frequency, giving 98.1% versus 96.2% correct recognition, respectively. The statistical tests indicated that the spectra for female speakers had a steeper slope (or tilt) than that for males. The results suggest that redundant gender information was imbedded in the fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance characteristics. The feature vectors for female voices were observed to have higher within-group variations than those for male voices. The data in this study were also used to replicate portions of the Peterson and Barney [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175-184 (1952)] study of vowels for male and female speakers.
Biogenic amine alterations in limbic brain regions of muricidal rats. (1985)

Endogenous levels of serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), dopamine, 3-4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were measured in eight brain regions of muricidal (mouse killing) and non-muricidal rats. The regions studied were: the frontal cortex, caudate nucleus, septal area, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdalae with pyriform cortex, anterior hippocampal formation, and brain stem. Serotonergic systems showed significant differences in discrete brain regions of muricidal rats as compared to those of non-muricidal rats. The differences were: significantly higher serotonin levels in the amygdalae and significantly higher 5-HIAA levels in the hippocampus of the muricidal rats. Serotonin levels were also higher in the hypothalamus of the muricidal rats, but the difference reached only borderline significance. Dopaminergic systems also showed significant differences in the septum of muricidal rats, where DOPAC levels were significantly lower than those of non-muricidal rats. The hippocampus of muricidal rats showed significantly higher dopamine levels. HVA levels in the hippocampus of muricidal rats were also higher but reached only borderline significance. These data suggest both central serotonergic and central dopaminergic involvements in rat muricidal behavior. The discrete brain regions which showed differences further suggest a limbic involvement.
Determination of ginsenosides by Bacillus polymyxa conversion and evaluation on pharmacological activities of the conversion products (2015)

Bacillus polymyxa was used to transform ginseng for the first time. Furthermore, the pharmacological activities of the conversion products were evaluated. Twelve kinds of ginsenosides of conversion products were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the contents of ginsenosides Rb3, Re, Rd, CK, protopanaxadiol were significantly increased. Moreover, the conversion products had anti-fatigue, immune enhancement, and antitumor activities by the certification of pharmacodynamics experiments. The study provides a theoretical basis and reference for future research on microbial transformation of ginseng.
Dopamine and Levodopa Prodrugs for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (2017)

<i>Background</i>: Parkinson's disease is an aggressive and progressive neurodegenerative disorder that depletes dopamine (DA) in the central nervous system. Dopamine replacement therapy, mainly through actual dopamine and its original prodrug l-dopa (LD), faces many challenges such as poor blood brain barrier penetration and decreased response to therapy with time. <i>Methods</i>: The prodrugs described herein are ester, amide, dimeric amide, carrier-mediated, peptide transport-mediated, cyclic, chemical delivery systems and enzyme-models prodrugs designed and made by chemical means, and their bioavailability was studied in animals. <i>Results:</i> A promising ester prodrug for intranasal delivery has been developed. LD methyl ester is currently in Phase III clinical trials. A series of amide prodrugs were synthesized with better stability than ester prodrugs. Both amide and dimeric amide prodrugs offer enhanced blood brain barrier (BBB) penetration and better pharmacokinetics. Attaching LD to sugars has been used to exploit glucose transport mechanisms into the brain. <i>Conclusions</i>: Till now, no DA prodrug has reached the pharmaceutical market, nevertheless, the future of utilizing prodrugs for the treatment of PD seems to be bright. For instance, LD ester prodrugs have demonstrated an adequate intranasal delivery of LD, thus enabling the absorption of therapeutic agents to the brain. Most of the amide, cyclic, peptidyl or chemical delivery systems of DA prodrugs demonstrated enhanced pharmacokinetic properties.
Econometric Analysis of Efficiency in Indian Cement Industry (2011)

This article tries to assess total factor productivity performance and efficiency growth pattern for cement industry in India for the period, 1979-80 to 2008-09. Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) has been adopted to estimate different performance measures viz. productivity growth, technological change, and technical efficiency change for the entire period. We have observed that there is an accelerating trend in productivity during post-reform period. Industry also experienced increase in technological progress along with stagnation in technical efficiency. It was found in this study that the increasing technical change along with non- responding technical efficiency change were the main ingredients responsible for accelerating productivity change in India's cement industry. Moreover, the results allow us to conclude that gross mark up and growth in output, foreign direct investment (FDI) variables have significant positive impact on total factor productivity growth but openness impacted negatively which is beyond our expectation. In this sector, there is an urgent need to improve both technical efficiency and technological progress. Key words: Cement, India, Industry, Total Factor Productivity, Malmquist Index, technical change, efficiency change.
The American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project  (1999)

IN the early 198Os, the medical profession underwent a "crisis of affordability" in professional liability insurance coverage. Anesthesiologists were perceived as especially bad risks, representing only 3% of insured physicians but 11% of total dollars paid for patient injury, and this risk was reflected in soaring insurance premiums. Prevention of patient injury should decrease claims and resultant payments, which would be expected to lead to a reduction in premiums. In 1984, the president of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), Ellison C. Pierce, Jr, M.D., initiated a number of programs to improve patient safety and prevent anesthetic injury, one of which was the Closed Claims Project. This project was assigned to the ASA Committee Professional Liability, of which the author was then chairman.
Social-Aware Content Delivery in Device-to-Device Underlay Networks (2018)

Device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the key solutions for future 5G system. One main line of works optimizing resource allocation for D2D communications is to maximize the spectrum efficiency (SE). This chapter provides a brief review of the related works. It introduces the system model that consists of physical layer and social layer and the formulation of the social network-based content delivery problem. The chapter describes the three-dimensional matching algorithm with relevant theoretical concepts and analysis. In D2D underlay cellular network, the base station (BS) is the controller of resource management and link establishment, and thus the global channel state information (CSI) should be available at the BS for the matching approach. The chapter analyses the properties involving convergence, stability, optimality, and complexity of the proposed three-dimensional matching algorithm.
Relationship of preadmission variables and first- and second-year course performance to performance on the National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners' COMLEX-USA Level 1 examination. (2000)

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of performance on the Comprehensive Osteopathic Medical Licensing Examination (COMLEX-USA) Level 1 licensing examination to (1) academic performance during the first 2 years of the curriculum, and (2) preadmission grade point averages (GPAs) and Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores for one osteopathic medical school with the unique mission of providing osteopathic family physicians for West Virginia and rural Appalachia. Simple correlations were calculated for the 63 students at West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine who completed all requirements of the first 2 years of the curriculum in May 1998 and were first eligible for board exams in June 1998. These included 26 (41.3%) female students and 5 (7.9%) minority students. Students who had failed a year and/or a course but subsequently successfully completed the first 2 years of the curriculum in May 1998 were included in this study. Every student who qualified to take the June 1998 administration of COMLEX-USA Level 1 did so at that time. For the 55 academic or preadmissions variables of interest, correlation coefficients with COMLEX-USA Level 1 scores and significance levels were calculated using SPSS Base 9.0. The correlation of COMLEX-USA Level 1 performance with GPA for Phase I was 0.64; with GPA for Phase II, 0.67; and total GPA for the first 2 years, 0.70. Grades in most individual courses also correlated significantly with COMLEX-USA Level 1 performance. Given the special focus of this curriculum on the needs of the Appalachian region and use of clinical performance measures or participation measures in calculating academic GPAs, these correlations show a remarkable degree of agreement between these two sets of performance measures. Further research is needed to see if similar relationships exist for osteopathic medical schools with other missions and with other curriculum structures. Preadmissions GPAs and MCATs did not significantly relate to performance on COMLEX-USA Level 1.
Haemodynamic response to dopexamine hydrochloride in postinfarction heart failure: lack of tolerance after continuous infusion. (1988)

Dopexamine is a new vasodilator with a combination of dopamine receptor and beta 2 adrenoreceptor agonist properties. Its haemodynamic effects were assessed after dose titration and during infusion for up to 24 hours in 15 patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. At the initial titration a dose of 1 micrograms/kg/min produced a 25% decrease in the systemic vascular resistance index and a 32% increase in cardiac index. Stroke volume index and heart rate increased by 23% and 9% respectively. Left ventricular filling pressures and mean blood pressures were not affected. The short term effects were well sustained during the long term infusion and tolerance did not develop. Administration of dopexamine to patients with heart failure after acute myocardial infarction augments cardiac performance at rest.
Simplified description of optical forces acting on a nanoparticle in the Gaussian standing wave (2002)

We study the axial force acting on dielectric spherical particles smaller than the trapping wavelength that are placed in the Gaussian standing wave. We derive analytical formulas for immersed particles with relative refractive indices close to unity and compare them with the numerical results obtained by generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT). We show that the axial optical force depends periodically on the particle size and that the equilibrium position of the particle alternates between the standing-wave antinodes and nodes. For certain particle sizes, gradient forces from the neighboring antinodes cancel each other and disable particle confinement. Using the GLMT we compare maximum axial trapping forces provided by the Gaussian standing-wave trap (SWT) and single-beam trap (SBT) as a function of particle size, refractive index, and beam waist size. We show that the SWT produces axial forces at least ten times stronger and permits particle confinement in a wider range of refractive indices and beam waists compared with those of the SBT.
The Asian Studies Newsletter Archives: An Overview (1985)

The growth of widespread academic interest in Asia and the geographical dispersion of area studies specialists in recent years have made it increasingly difficult for faculty members, students, independent researchers and librarians alike to keep themselves fully informed of relevant professional activities occurring outside of their immediate communities.While the traditional "grapevine" mode of communication remains important, the desirability of having more systematic channels for disseminating and exchanging information has become widely recognized.One form of response to this perceived need has been the proliferation of newsletter-type publications, particularly in North America but also in Europe, Australia, and several countries of Asia.As
스마트폰 기반 모바일 뱅킹의 e-서비스품질이 신뢰 및 고객만족을 매개로 충성도에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구: 중국을 중심으로 (2015)

The purpose of this study is to discover the effect on e-service quality on loyalty via trust and customer satisfaction for mobile banking based on smart phones in China. We choose e-service quality with 5 factors (efficiency, system availability, fulfillment, security/privacy, and empathy) as independent variables. We select loyalty as a dependent variable, and customer trust and satisfaction as mediating variables. The results of this study are as follows: First, security/privacy and empathy have a significant influence on trust. Second, efficiency, fulfillment, and security/privacy have a significant influence on customer satisfaction. Third, customer satisfaction have a significant influence on trust. Fourth, customer satisfaction and trust have a significant influence on loyalty.
Nerve conduit filled with GDNF gene-modified schwann cells enhances regeneration of the peripheral nerve (2006)

A recombinant retrovirus vector containing the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) gene was constructed and transfected into Schwann cells (SCs) to investigate the possibility of GDNF transfection and functional expression of transfected SCs, including GDNF secretion and its mRNA expression. We found that transfection of the GDNF gene into SCs led to significantly enhanced expression of GDNF mRNA. The rate of GDNF secretion by GDNF-SCs was also increased. Functionally, more surviving motoneurons were seen when they were cocultured in GDNF-SC-conditioned medium than when they were in normal SC-conditioned medium. When bridging a rat sciatic nerve defect with a conduit filled with GDNF-transfected SCs, nerve regeneration was better than that of the control. In conclusion, transfection of SCs with the GDNF gene could enhance SC function. Application of genetically modified SCs could be a better way to promote nerve regeneration.
Structure of poly(maleic anhydride) (1976)

Abstract The bulk polymerization of maleic anhydride initiated with acylperoxides, di‐ tert ‐butyl peroxide, AIBN, or pyridine proceeds with evolution of CO 2 . The amount of CO 2 generated depends on the nature and the concentration of the initiator. With peroxide initiators, less than 5% of the polymerized maleic anhydride is decarboxylated. 1 H‐NMR spectra, obtained on the benzoyl peroxide‐initiated polymer and its methyl ester, are consistent with the unrearranged poly(maleic anhydride) structure and rule out the polycyclopentanone structure proposed by Braun and co‐workers. Base‐initiated polymaleic anhydride is substantially decarboxylated, and the resulting polymer has anhydride and carboxyl groups. Elemental analyses and 1 H‐NMR spectra obtained on the pyridine‐initiated polymer and its methyl ester refute both the cis ‐poly(vinylene ketoanhydride) structure suggested by Schopov and the polycylopentanone structure proposed by Braun and co‐workers.
Three-way RNA junctions with remote tertiary contacts: A recurrent and highly versatile fold (2009)

Three-way junction RNAs adopt a recurrent Y shape when two of the helices form a coaxial stack and the third helix establishes one or more tertiary contacts several base pairs away from the junction. In this review, the structure, distribution, and functional relevance of these motifs are examined. Structurally, the folds exhibit conserved junction topologies, and the distal tertiary interactions play a crucial role in determining the final shape of the structures. The junctions and remote tertiary contacts behave as flexible hinge motifs that respond to changes in the other region, providing these folds with switching mechanisms that have been shown to be functionally useful in a variety of contexts. In addition, the juxtaposition of RNA domains at the junction and at the distal tertiary complexes enables the RNA helices to adopt unusual conformations that are frequently used by proteins, RNA molecules, and antibiotics as platforms for specific binding. As a consequence of these properties, Y-shaped junctions are widely distributed in all kingdoms of life, having been observed in small naked RNAs such as riboswitches and ribozymes or embedded in complex ribonucleoprotein systems like ribosomal RNAs, RNase P, or the signal recognition particle. In all cases, the folds were found to play an essential role for the functioning or assembly of the RNA or ribonucleoprotein systems that contain them.
Varactor-tunable frequency selective surface with resistive-lumped-element biasing grids (2005)

A novel tunable frequency selective surface (FSS) is presented consisting of vertically and horizontally positioned convoluted dipole FSS elements. Each of the latter incorporates a varactor diode, which is biased via novel resistive-lumped-element biasing grids that suppress undesirable resonances and improve the filter's low-pass response. The proposed design is shown, numerically and experimentally, to perform well. It is expected that this letter will assist research work in low-cost, large-scale tunable FSS.
Asymptotic performance analysis of three ESPRIT algorithms (2002)

We present an asymptotic performance analysis of three subspace-based methods for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation-the ESPRIT algorithm using second-order statistics, the higher-order ESPRIT algorithm using fourth-order cumulants, and the virtual ESPRIT (VESPA) algorithm using fourth order cumulants. We examine the least-squares version of these algorithms, derive the expressions for the asymptotic variance of the estimated DOAs, and use specific examples to compare the relative performance of the algorithms. Finally, we present Monte-Carlo simulations to validate the theoretical analysis.
An Improved Genetic Algorithm and Its Application to Image Edge Detection (2002)

An Improved Genetic Algorithm(IGA) is presented in this paper.It employs Deterministic Sampling Reproduction operator and proposes a new crossover operator called Unequal Probability Fusion 1Threshold 1Point Crossover operator to improve the Simple Genetic Algorithm(SGA).A new criterion for mutation operator is also proposed,which adjusts the mutation probability adaptively according to the whole generation's closeness.IGA is applied to image edge detection problem,and the experimental results show that IGA can detect satisfactory edges as well as save computational time compared with exhaustive method and SGA.