gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor‐α plays an important role in restenosis development (2005)

Genetic factors appear to be important in the restenotic process after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), as well as in inflammation, a pivotal factor in restenosis. TNFalpha, a key regulator of inflammatory responses, may exert critical influence on the development of restenosis after PCI. The GENetic DEterminants of Restenosis (GENDER) project included 3104 patients who underwent a successful PCI. Systematic genotyping for six polymorphisms in the TNFalpha gene was performed. The role of TNFalpha in restenosis was also assessed in ApoE*3-Leiden mice, TNFalpha knockout mice, and by local delivery of a TNFalpha biosynthesis inhibitor, thalidomide. The -238G-1031T haplotype of the TNFalpha gene increased clinical and angiographic risk of restenosis (P=0.02 and P=0.002, respectively). In a mouse model of reactive stenosis, arterial TNFalpha mRNA was significantly time-dependently up-regulated. Mice lacking TNFalpha or treated locally with thalidomide showed a reduction in reactive stenosis (P=0.01 and P=0.005, respectively). Clinical and preclinical data indicate that TNFalpha plays an important role in restenosis. Therefore, TNFalpha genotype may be used as a risk marker for restenosis and may contribute to individual patient screening prior to PCI in clinical practice. Inhibition of TNFalpha may be an anti-restenotic target strategy.
Division Support Weapon System Rate of Fire and C(3) Operations. (1983)

Document analyzes the impact of different rates of fire for the Division Support Weapons System (DSWS), a 155mm self propelled howitzer. Rate of fire is analyzed against different target types and postures using conventional and dual purpose improved conventional munitions. The major conclusion is that there is a larger relative gain in chosing a maximum product improved howitzer at a rate of fire of eight rounds per minute than new howitzer design at twelve rounds per minute. C3 operations involving the DSWS howitzer and ammunition resupply are also analyzed. Ammunition expenditures and resupply travel times are developed in a war game computer simulation. The analysis indicated howitzer out of action periods due to a lack of ammunition resupply capability. The requirement for a Single Artillery Ammunition Airborne Radio System on the Field Artillery Ammunition Supply Vehicle and the new Ammunition Resupply Vehicle is shown. A howitzer onboard technical fire control capability is also supported. (Author)
640 Gbit/s data transmission and clock recovery using an ultra-fast periodically poled lithium niobate device (2008)

We present the first demonstration using periodically-poled Lithium Niobate for signal processing at 640 Gbit/s. Clock recovery is performed successfully with no pattern dependence and less than 1 dB penalty after 50 km fiber transmission.
Dendritic cells are functionally defective in multiple myeloma: the role of interleukin-6 (2002)

We studied concentration, phenotype, and function of peripheral blood (PB) dendritic cells (DCs) from patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The absolute number of circulating precursors of myeloid and plasmacytoid DCs was significantly lower in MM patients than in healthy subjects. After maturation, PBDCs from MM patients showed significantly lower expression of HLA-DR, CD40, and CD80 antigens and impaired induction of allogeneic T-cell proliferation compared with controls. Remarkably, they were not capable of presenting the patient-specific tumor idiotype to autologous T cells. Conversely, DCs generated in vitro from CD14(+) monocytes from the same patients, and PBDCs freshly isolated from healthy donors efficiently stimulated allogeneic and autologous T cells. To clarify the mechanism of PBDC deficiency in MM, we investigated the effects of the main plasma cell growth factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6), on the development of DCs from CD34(+) cells. IL-6 inhibited the colony growth of CD34(+) DC progenitors and switched the commitment of CD34(+) cells from DCs to CD14(+) CD1a(-) CD86(-)CD80(-) CD40(+/-)HLA-DR +/- monocytic cells exerting potent phagocytic activity but no antigen-presentation capacity. This effect was reversed by anti-IL-6 antibodies. Growing CD34(+) cells in the presence of autologous serum (without IL-6) also suppressed the development of functional DCs. This study demonstrates that PBDCs from MM patients are functionally defective, partially because of IL-6-mediated inhibition of development. This brings into question the advisability of using PBDCs as antigen carriers for immunotherapy trials in MM. The results also suggest a novel mechanism whereby myeloma cells escape immune recognition.
Baseline processing of a dual-well 3D VSP: A case study from monitoring steam-assisted gravity drainage in the Canadian Oil Sands (2012)

After installing permanent 3C geophones in two vertical observation wells for reservoir monitoring, a dual-well 3D Vertical Seismic Profile baseline survey was acquired as a foundation for observation of future production effects from steam-assisted gravity drainage. Data processing was challenged by turning waves arriving as first arrivals and migrating this unusual 3D Vertical Seismic Profile geometry setup. After understanding and overcoming these challenges, the data provided a high-resolution image around and between the two observation wells and an updated subsurface model in terms of velocity and anisotropy parameters. The 3D Vertical Seismic Profile image shows a higher resolution compared to the surface seismic data, allowing a more detailed interpretation of the subsurface. Additionally, the data show that the imaged area will cover the expected production effects of four steam-assisted gravity drainage injector/producer wells in the vicinity of the two observation wells which will be investigated by future time-lapse acquisitions.
Crystallography and Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Two Isomerases (1989)

The Ferrari of Enzymes vs. the Fiat of Enzymes in a Drag Race for Protein Engineering Suppose you want to travel from Stuttgart to Munich on the Autobahn. The distance is about 200 km, the road is excellent and there are no speed limits. The journey could be made in one hour if one were driving a Ferrari Testarossa, the fastest production automobile in the world. Its top speed of over 180 mph allows one to cruise comfortably at 125 mph, which is over 200 km/hr. In addition, the Ferrari is beautiful: it has a chassis designed by the great Italian carrozeria Sergio Pinninfarina, and its 12 cylinder engine is the product of decades of development from the original superb designs of Enzo Ferrari himself. Of course, if you can't afford a Ferrari (one costs about as much as some medium-field NMR spectrometers), you could drive a Fiat. Some of
Hematuria and Rectal Bleeding in the Child with Klippel and Trenaunay Syndrome (1976)

We have operated upon 588 patients with Klippel and Trenaunay syndrome. The underlying factor is a congenital malformation of the deep veins: agenesis, atresia or compression by fibrovascular bands of the popliteal, femoral or iliac veins. Of these 588 patients, 6 children between 15 months and 4 years of age had severe rectal bleeding and hematuria. One of these children died from massive bleeding of the rectum with septicemia. Another boy was saved by rectal resection and the last one by subtotal cystectomy. The important venogram shows an absence of the anterior venous pathway (superficial femoral vein) compensated by the abnormal development of 2 venous groups, the vein of the sciatic nerve and large veins along the external aspect of the inferior limb. These 2 venous groups penetrate into the pelvis by the sciatic and gluteal notches and terminate in the internal iliac vein which becomes enormous and has a very high flow. This overflow hinders drainage of the venous collateral from the rectum, the bladder and the vagina. The retro adductor vein, prolongated by the deep femoral vein, represents an anastomosis between the sciatic nerve vein and the common femoral vein. The surgeon must try to widen this pathway.
Trapped Ultracold Molecular Ions: Candidates for an Optical Molecular Clock for a Fundamental Physics Mission in Space (2006)

Narrow ro-vibrational transitions in ultracold molecules are excellent candidates for frequency references in the near-IR to visible spectral domain and interesting systems for fundamental tests of physics, in particular for a satellite test of the gravitational redshift of clocks. We have performed laser spectroscopy of several ro-vibrational overtone transitions υ = 0 → υ = 4 in HD + ions at around 1.4 μm. 1+1 REMPD was used as a detection method, followed by measurement of the number of remaining molecules. The molecular ions were stored in a linear radiofrequency trap and cooled to millikelvin temperatures, by sympathetic cooling using laser-cooled Be + ions simultaneously stored in the same trap.
Anomalous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>Inverse Hall Mobilities Observed in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Nd</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Cu<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Infinite-Layer Thin Films (1994)

The infinite-layer Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ structure of the ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{y}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{Nd}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{Cu}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ systems are predicted to result in a simple 2D Fermi surface and a single hybridized $\mathrm{Cu} d\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{O} p$ band. Unlike more complex high-${T}_{c}$ superconductors, the Hall mobilities in these systems should be unaffected by multiband scattering, allowing a more direct interpretation of the data. Here, we report the absence of the ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ mobility commonly observed in other cuprates, suggesting that the ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ dependence may originate from interband ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{-}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ scattering. Finally, an anomalous ${T}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ mobility presents new challenges to our understanding.
High Surface Area MgO as a Highly Effective Heterogeneous Base Catalyst for Michael Addition and Knoevenagel Condensation Reactions (2005)

Magnesium oxide (MgO), obtained using a novel but simple procedure, was systematically investigated as a heterogeneous base catalyst for reactions taking place in the liquid phase, specifically the Michael addition and the Knoevenagel condensation. The activity of MgO was studied in detail, together with the effects of solvent and substrate on the catalytic activity for each type of reaction. A key finding is that the formation of enols affected the activity of MgO. The experimental results show that the activity of MgO did not change when it was reused and it is an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the reactions studied.
Charge‐Carrier Mobility Requirements for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells with High Fill Factor and External Quantum Efficiency >90% (2015)

To increase the efficiency of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells beyond 15%, 300 nm thick devices with 0.8 fill factor (FF) and external quantum efficiency (EQE) >90% are likely needed. This work demonstrates that numerical device simulators are a powerful tool for investigating charge‐carrier transport in BHJ devices and are useful for rapidly determining what semiconductor pro­perties are needed to reach these performance milestones. The electron and hole mobility in a BHJ must be ≈10 −2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in order to attain a 0.8 FF in a 300 nm thick device with the recombination rate constant of poly(3‐hexyl­thiophene):[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM). Thus, the hole mobility of donor polymers needs to increase from ≈10 −4 to ≈10 −2 cm 2 V −1 s −1 in order to significantly improve device performance. Furthermore, the charge‐carrier mobility required for high FF is directly proportional to the BHJ recombination rate constant, which demonstrates that decreasing the recombination rate constant could dramatically improve the efficiency of optically thick devices. These findings suggest that researchers should prioritize improving charge‐carrier mobility when synthesizing new materials for BHJ solar cells and highlight that they should aim to understand what factors affect the recombination rate constant in these devices.
Colony and population genetic structure of the Formosan subterranean termite, <i>Coptotermes formosanus</i>, in Japan (2003)

Subterranean termites have unusual plasticity in their breeding systems. As a result of their cryptic foraging and nesting habits, detailed information on the numbers and types of reproductive individuals in colonies has been difficult to obtain. In this study, we used microsatellite markers to infer the major features of the breeding system of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus, in southern Japan, where it is believed to have been introduced from China. A total of 30 colonies was sampled from two islands (Kyushu and Fukue) located 100 km apart. Twenty workers from each colony were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. Analysis of worker genotypes within colonies indicated that 27 colonies (90%) were simple (Mendelian) families. The remaining three colonies, all from Kyushu, were consistent with being extended families having begun as simple families but being currently headed by multiple neotenic (secondary) reproductives descended from the original king and queen. Workers from simple families in both populations were significantly inbred (FIT = 0.10 for Kyushu and 0.46 for Fukue) and highly related to their nestmates (coefficient of relatedness, r = 0.59 for Kyushu and 0.77 for Fukue), suggesting that many simple-family colonies were headed by closely related reproductives, especially in the Fukue population. This conclusion is supported by the high coefficient of relatedness between nestmate reproductives in simple-family colonies (r = 0.23 for Kyushu and 0.61 for Fukue) based on genotypes inferred from their worker offspring. There was moderate genetic differentiation (FST = 0.12) between the two populations, suggesting rather restricted gene flow between them. There was no significant isolation by distance among colonies, as might be expected given the limited dispersal of reproductives, presumably because of the frequent movement of colonies by humans. Finally, there was no evidence of a recent bottleneck, a finding possibly consistent with the more than 300-year history of this species in Japan.
ChemInform Abstract: ENAMINIERUNG UND ACYLIERUNG VON DELTA(1,9)‐OKTALON‐(2) MIT INAMINEN (1973)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des Oktalons (I) mit dem Inamin (II) ergibt das Enamin (III), das sich im neutralen Medium zu dem Acyloktalon (IV) hydrolysieren läßt. Die katalytische Hydrierung von (III) in 95%igem Äthanol, die von Hydrolyse begleitet wird, führt stereospezifisch zu dem cis‐Dekalon (V), das mit Alkali zu den Produkten (VI) und (VII) (3:2‐Gemisch) abgebaut wird.
An inverse method in electromagnetism applied to the optimization of inductors (1992)

All linear induction machines use a travelling magnetic field wave created by polyphase currents. The most classical device working on this principle is the Linear Induction Motor (LIM) such as those developped for ground transportation. There are also two other types of linear inductors whose applications belongs to the field of MagnetoHydroDynamics (MHD). First of all, the electromagnetic pumps are used for liquid metals such as the cooling sodium of fast breeder nuclear reactors or cast iron for metallurgical applications. Secondly, some of the various concepts of seawater MHD thrusters for ship propulsion are also linear inductors. We propose an inverse method to find the best primary current spatial distribution leading to the maximum efficiency for any sort of these induction machines. Then, this method is applied to the optimisation of an annular electromagnetic pump whose simple geometry allows to derive an analytical solution of the ideal primary current distribution. This solution is compared to that of a finite element modelling of the pump.
Determination of Shrinkage Limit of Fine-Grained Soils by Wax Method (2009)

Abstract Shrinkage limit of fine-grained soils is one of the parameters that is used for predicting the volume stability of soils in the field. ASTM Standard D427-04 (2007) involves the use of mercury, a health hazardous substance. Many stringent precautionary safety and disposal measures have to be exercised before its use in the laboratory. The present technical note presents the wax method of determining the shrinkage limit of soil in the laboratory which does not require the use of mercury, and also to substantiate the method proposed by the ASTM standard. It involves the use of wax as a coating on the dry soil pat and the water displacement method for the determination of the dry volume of soil pat. The experimental results have shown that the values of shrinkage limit of soils determined by the wax method and by the mercury displacement method are within certain statistical bounds.
(Invited) GeSn Technology: Impact of Sn on Ge CMOS Applications (2011)

In this paper, we reports our recent studies of the electrical and crystalline properties of heteroepitaxial Ge1-xSnx layers with various Sn content of 0~25%. We examined Ga-doping in strained Ge1-xSnx layers for developing source/drain stressor in CMOS applications and investigated the effect of Sn on the doping profile. The impact of Sn on carrier properties has been also studied with the Hall measurement of Ge1-xSnx/SOI structures. Also, we achieved the epitaxial growth of Ge1-xSnx layers with a Sn content as high as 25% on InP considering misfit between the epitaxial layer and substrate.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Characteristics of Fluorinated Activated Carbon Fibers‐Lithium Cells. (1987)

Abstract Activated carbon fibers (ACF's), fluorinated at low temp. (20‐200 °C) under F2 pressures of 100‐760 torr, have been investigated as cathode materials for Li cells in 1 M LiClO 4 ‐propylene carbonate solutions.
Interaction of multiple connecting leaders issued from a grounded structure simulated using a self consistent leader inception and propagation model (slim) (2010)

A self consistent lightning connecting leader inception and propagation model is utilized to study the effect of multiple connecting leaders on the attachment of lightning flashes to grounded structures. In the present study the results obtained in the case of a grounded structure equipped with two lightning rods were presented. As the stepped leader approaches the grounded structure, connecting leaders are issued from both lightning conductors but depending on the location of the stepped leader only one of them succeed in completing the attachment process. Results show that the presence of a small advantage for the growth of a connecting leader from one conductor may drastically reduce the ability of other conductors to launch successful connecting leaders. Results also show that the effect of the competition between multiple leaders is to delay the attachment process.
Murine monoclonal IgG3 antibodies to human colorectal tumor-associated antigens: production and characterization of antibodies active in both antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-mediated cytolysis. (1989)

Murine monoclonal antibodies have been developed against human colorectal tumors using immunogens consisting of extracts from xenografted human colon carcinoma bound to lectin-conjugated agarose beads. Antibodies of the IgG3 isotype were selected from the resulting fusions, since we and other investigators have reported that this class of antibody can mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). They were characterized with respect to specificity, ADCC activity, and complement-mediated cytolytic activity. One antibody, NR-Co-01, was produced using wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, whereas NR-Co-03, NR-Co-04, and NR-Co-05 were independently derived after immunization with a Dolichos biflorus lectin-agarose carrier. All four antibodies reacted intensely with the cytoplasm and cell surface of colonic adenocarcinomas and showed a restricted normal tissue reactivity. Recognition of epithelial cells in some normal adult tissues was revealed by immunoperoxidase staining of frozen tissues. No binding was found to normal lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, and erythrocytes by immunofluorescence flow cytometry. All four of the antibodies were reactive with neutral glycolipids partitioned by Folch extraction of human colon carcinoma cell lines and also with a glycoprotein extracted from ovarian cyst mucin, suggesting that they may recognize one or more carbohydrate structures. The NR-Co-01, NR-Co-03, NR-Co-04, and NR-Co-05 are potent inducers of ADCC with human peripheral blood mononuclear effector cells and of complement-mediated cytolysis with human complement. However, they exhibited no ADCC activity with nude or normal mouse peripheral blood mononuclear cells at target:effector ratios ranging from 40:1 to 160:1. Their tumor reactivity, restricted normal tissue distribution, and ability to direct ADCC and complement-mediated cytolysis make these antibodies promising candidates for cancer therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEXES WITH CARBON SULFIDES AND SELENIDES AS LIGANDS. III. ORGANOMETALLIC LEWIS BASES. XL. A TRIPLY BRIDGING THIOCARBONYL LIGAND: SYNTHESIS, REACTIVITY, AND STRUCTURE OF THE CLUSTER (C5H5CO)3(S)(CS) (1980)

Abstract Die Umsetzung des Komplexes (I) mit dem Derivat (II) als CSHS (PMe 3 )Co‐Quelle führt nicht wie erwartet zum Komplex [C5H5(PMe3 )Co]2(CS2), sondern zu dem Dreikernkomplex (III).
Nonuniform Low Frequency Magnetic Field Measurements (2006)

In this paper, measurement accuracy is analyzed for the case of magnetic field estimation. Uncertainty due to non-uniformity of field and probe orientation is investigated. The case-study associated to heating induction installation is discussed
Reliability Support in Virtual Infrastructures (2010)

Through the recent emergence of joint resource and network virtualization, dynamic composition and provisioning of time-limited and isolated virtual infrastructures is now possible. One other benefit of infrastructure virtualization is the capability of transparent reliability provisioning (reliability becomes a service provided by the infrastructure). In this context, we discuss the motivations and gains of introducing customizable reliability of virtual infrastructures when executing large-scale distributed applications, and present a framework to specify, allocate and deploy virtualized infrastructure with reliability capabilities. An approach to efficiently specify and control the reliability at runtime is proposed. We illustrate these ideas by analyzing the introduction of reliability at the virtual-infrastructure level on a real application. Experimental results, obtained with an actual medical-imaging application running in virtual infrastructures provisioned in the experimental large-scale Grid'5000 platform, show the benefits of the virtualization of reliability.