gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diabetes and cognitive dysfunction (2017)

Several important lines of work provide strong evidence that diabetes accelerates the progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, that co-morbid depression increases the risk of dementia in type 2 diabetes, and that diabetes is an independent risk factor for both dementia and MCI. A recent international guideline on managing diabetes in older people has been published which provides a series of recommendations on the management in patients with dementia. This chapter addresses the significance of observations known in this area and provides a rational basis for more attention to the detection and management of changes in memory and mental performance in a setting of diabetes. In addition, disease duration, glycemic control, socioeconomic status, age, gender, microvascular complications, insulin resistance, and the presence of ApoE e4 allele may all moderate the relationship between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction.
Occurrence and Constitution of Natural and Synthetic Ferrihydrite, a Widespread Iron Oxyhydroxide (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOccurrence and Constitution of Natural and Synthetic Ferrihydrite, a Widespread Iron OxyhydroxideJohn L. Jambor and John E. DutrizacView Author Information Leslie Research and Consulting, 316 Rosehill Wynd Tsawwassen, British Columbia, Canada V4M 3L9 CANMET, 555 Booth Street, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A OG1 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 7, 2549–2586Publication Date (Web):October 3, 1998Publication History Received25 November 1997Revised3 August 1998Published online3 October 1998Published inissue 5 November 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/cr970105tCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5546Altmetric-Citations693LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (480 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Adsorption,Anions,Hematite,Iron,Minerals Get e-Alerts
Identification of the Catalytic Residues of AroA (<i>Enol</i>pyruvylshikimate 3-Phosphate Synthase) Using Partitioning Analysis (2003)

AroA (EPSP synthase) catalyzes carboxyvinyl transfer through addition of shikimate 3-phosphate (S3P) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to form a tetrahedral intermediate (THI), followed by phosphate elimination to give enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP). A novel approach, partitioning analysis, was used to elucidate the roles of catalytic residues in each step of the reaction. Partitioning analysis involved trapping and purifying [1-(14)C]THI, degrading it with AroA, and quantitating the products. Wild-type AroA gave a partitioning factor, f(PEP) = 0.25 +/- 0.02 at pH 7.5, where f(PEP) = [[1-(14)C]PEP]/([[1-(14)C]PEP] + [[1-(14)C]EPSP]). Eighteen mutations were made to 14 amino acids to discover which residues preferentially catalyzed either the addition or the elimination step. Mutating a residue catalyzing one step (e.g., addition) should change f(PEP) to favor the opposite step (e.g., elimination). No mutants caused large changes in f(PEP), with experimental values from 0.07 to 0.41. This implied that there are no side chains that catalyze only addition or elimination, which further implied that the same residues are general acid/base catalysts in both forward and reverse THI breakdown. Only Lys22 (protonating S3P hydroxyl or phosphate) and Glu341 (deprotonating C3 of PEP) are correctly situated in the active site. In the overall reaction, Lys22 would act as a general base during addition, while Glu341 would act as a general acid. Almost half of the mutations (eight of 18) caused a >1000-fold decrease in specific activity, demonstrating that a large number of residues are important for transition state stabilization, "ensemble catalysis", in contrast to some enzymes where a single amino acid can be responsible for up to 10(8)-fold catalytic enhancement.
Re-evaluation of antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis (2010)

Streptococcal pharyngitis is still a major infectious disease seen in pediatric office practice. The main job of the practitioner is to make an accurate diagnosis and provide appropriate treatment in timely fashion in order to prevent acute rheumatic fever.
Air transport regulation under transformation: the case of Switzerland (2005)

Over the past five years, the Swiss air transport sector has witnessed an unprecedented number of accidents and incidents, leading to an independent analysis ordered by the government.The resulting report of 2003 identified significant regulatory and institutional deficiencies with direct implications for safety.The challenges to Switzerland's institutional regulatory framework were further exacerbated because of the bankruptcy of the Swiss national flag carrier (Swissair in 2002) and the pressure on Zurich Unique airport resulting from of a new overflight regime in Germany in 2003.On the basis of this report, the government has ordered a profound transformation of the Swiss institutional regulatory framework, among which the transformation of the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation (FOCA) into a regulator, whose predominant concern must be safety.This paper presents and critically analyzes the current transformation of the Swiss institutional regulatory regime against both regulation theory and safety performance criteria.
Preparation and characterization of pH‐sensitive, interpenetrating networks of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid) (1995)

Abstract Hydrogels with varying cross‐linking ratio and ionic content were prepared from interpenetrating networks of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(acrylic acid). Equilibrium swelling studies were conducted and the average molecular weight between cross‐links, M c , and mesh size were determined. Hydrogels with large M c , values were found to swell to a greater extent than those with small M c values. It was also observed that an increase in M c yielded faster swelling and deswelling rates, as the rates for membranes with M c = 18,000 were about twice as fast as were the rates for membranes with M c = 34,000. Oscillatory swelling behavior was investigated in response to changes in the pH and ionic strength of the swelling medium. A change in pH from 3 to 6 caused an ionization of the hydrogels and an increase in the weight swelling ratio, with a greater increase exhibited by IPNs with a higher ionic content. Increase in pH also caused an increase in the average mesh size. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Distortion in broad-band gallium arsenide MESFET control and switch circuits (1991)

The author analyzes the nonlinear mechanisms of the MESFET in its passive control mode of operation and equations are developed that allow designers to predict second- and third-order harmonic and intermodulation products in the conducting state MESFET. The analytic expressions are verified by experimental data. The discussion is based on a lumped element equivalent circuit model and is limited to applications where the MESFET is operating in its conducting state. In switch circuits, the analysis indicates that distortion may be reduced by the use of MESFETs with pinchoff voltages in the 2-3-V range and with large open channel current capacities. In attenuators, the analysis shows extreme variations in the level of distortion over a relatively narrow range of attenuation levels. Distortion in the case of the reflective attenuator may be reduced by the use of MESFETs with small open channel current capabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stick-Slip Vibration of Drill Strings (1991)

The stick-slip vibration is introduced as a new mechanism to explain the large amplitude torsional oscillation of the drill strings in oil and gas well drillings. A record of field data is identified and simulated according to the new mechanism. The analytical results derived from the numerical simulation agree with the field data with 95.6 percent accuracy. The physical phenomenon of the stick-slip vibration of drill string is explained by initiating a phase trace in the phase plane. The beating phenomenon in drilling is interpreted in terms of stick-slip vibration. The effects of viscous damping, rotary speed and natural frequency on the stick-slip vibration are discussed.
Application of magnetite modified with aluminum/silica to adsorb phosphate in aqueous solution (2011)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Phosphate is one of the main contaminants responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters, and adsorption is a potential treatment method for this pollutant. A magnetic adsorbent manufactured from magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) can be recovered easily from treated water by magnetic force, without requiring further downstream treatment. In this research, the surface of magnetite modified with aluminum and silica (Al/SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 ) was used to adsorb phosphate in an aqueous solution in a batch system. RESULTS: The optimum solution pH for phosphate adsorption by Al/SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 was found to be 4.5. The phosphate adsorption behavior of Al/SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 was in good agreement with both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm, and the maximum adsorption capacity ( q m ) and Gibbs free energy of phosphate was 25.64 mg g −1 and − 21.47 kJ mol −1 , respectively. A pseudo‐second‐order model could best describe the adsorption kinetics, and the derived activation energy was 3.52 kJ mol −1 . The optimum condition to desorb phosphate from Al/SiO 2 /Fe 3 O 4 is provided by a solution with 0.05 mol L −1 NaOH. CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic adsorbent is a potential material for a water treatment method. The results of this study will be helpful in the development of aluminum modified silica magnetic adsorbents that can be used to remove phosphate in aqueous solution. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Research progress on genetic toxicity of lead and its compounds (2013)

Because of the great variety of applications in industry,lead is a common environmental pollutant and occupational hazard.It is well documented that lead and its compounds can cause adverse health effects in variety of systems in the body,and disturb the normal physiological function.However,the data existing with regard to its carcinogenic,clastogenic and mutagenic properties still contradictory.This literature review mainly focuses on the latest research on the genetic toxicity of lead and its compounds.
The Importance of Hemorrhage in the Relationship Between Gross Morphologic Characteristics and Cerebral Symptoms in 376 Carotid Artery Plaques (1983)

In a prospective study 376 carotid artery plaques (275 symptomatic, 101 asymptomatic) were obtained from endarterectomies (184 unilateral and 96 bilateral) in 280 patients. The gross morphologic features of each plaque were noted at surgery and, together with the patient's clinical history, stored in computer memory. These data were analyzed in order to investigate the relationship of gross morphologic plaque characteristics with both the presence of cerebral symptoms and the degree of stenosis associated with the plaque. Ulceration was the most frequently observed of the five major gross plaque morphologic characteristics (46.0% of all plaques), but only intramural hemorrhage (30.6% of all plaques) was significantly more common in all symptomatic compared with all asymptomatic plaques (p less than 0.02). Hemorrhage was also the only gross characteristic significantly more common in focal symptomatic plaques when compared with either asymptomatic plaques (p less than 0.05) or nonfocal symptomatic plaques (p less than 0.01). When all the plaques were divided into three broad degrees of stenosis groups (0-39%, 40-69%, 70-99%) on the basis of angiographic data, only hemorrhage showed a significant correlation in incidence with increased degree of plaque stenosis, both when all plaques were considered (p less than 0.001) and when only symptomatic plaques were examined (p less than 0.001). The results indicate that intramural hemorrhage is the only carotid plaque gross morphologic characteristic significantly more frequent in symptomatic compared with asymptomatic plaques and the only characteristic significantly correlated with increased plaque size. These findings indicate that factors other than plaque ulceration and intraluminal thrombus play an important role in carotid plaque related cerebral symptoms. The data also raise questions concerning the unequivocal value of anticoagulant therapy in carotid artery disease, especially in highly stenotic lesions.
The effect of cholecystokinin on postoperative bowel function. (1985)

Cholecystokinin (CCK) was used in a randomized double-blind trial to evaluate its effect on post-operative paralytic ileus. Sixty patients were admitted to the study. The return of postoperative intestinal motility was registered with subjective and/or objective methods. No differences were found between the CCK group and the placebo group.
790. The identities of the antibiotics colistin and polymyxin E (1964)

S. Wilkinson and L. A. Lowe, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4107 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640004107
Prediction of fluid responsiveness: an update (2016)

In patients with acute circulatory failure, the decision to give fluids or not should not be taken lightly. The risk of overzealous fluid administration has been clearly established. Moreover, volume expansion does not always increase cardiac output as one expects. Thus, after the very initial phase and/or if fluid losses are not obvious, predicting fluid responsiveness should be the first step of fluid strategy. For this purpose, the central venous pressure as well as other "static" markers of preload has been used for decades, but they are not reliable. Robust evidence suggests that this traditional use should be abandoned. Over the last 15 years, a number of dynamic tests have been developed. These tests are based on the principle of inducing short-term changes in cardiac preload, using heart-lung interactions, the passive leg raise or by the infusion of small volumes of fluid, and to observe the resulting effect on cardiac output. Pulse pressure and stroke volume variations were first developed, but they are reliable only under strict conditions. The variations in vena caval diameters share many limitations of pulse pressure variations. The passive leg-raising test is now supported by solid evidence and is more frequently used. More recently, the end-expiratory occlusion test has been described, which is easily performed in ventilated patients. Unlike the traditional fluid challenge, these dynamic tests do not lead to fluid overload. The dynamic tests are complementary, and clinicians should choose between them based on the status of the patient and the cardiac output monitoring technique. Several methods and tests are currently available to identify preload responsiveness. All have some limitations, but they are frequently complementary. Along with elements indicating the risk of fluid administration, they should help clinicians to take the decision to administer fluids or not in a reasoned way.
Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) deployment and retrieval considerations for submarines (2008)

develop tailored platform solutions to enable integrated and effective methods of UUV deployment and recovery on vessels of all types. The maturity of such systems varies, ranging from reasonably mature surface vessel UUV deployment and recovery systems to less mature submarine systems. The operational benefits of submarine-based UUV operation could be enormous yet the integration challenges are significant, particularly for smaller conventionally-powered submarines. The paper will briefly introduce some self-funded research that BMT Defence Services continues to undertake in this area, focusing on the submarine platform as a base for deploying and recovering UUVs. The paper will report on issues relating to whether the UUV deployment/recovery system should be maintained dry or wet, manned or unmanned, pressurised or not, integral to the submarine or not, optimised for automation and the consequential effect on system complexity. The overall feasibility of fitting such systems into a range of submarine types in various states of platform maturity (i.e. concept and new build submarines to retro-fitting into in-service platforms) will also be considered. The paper will also describe some potential UUV deployment/recovery concepts for further development. The paper seeks to reveal some of the key design and technical areas which need to be addressed by both submarine and UUV designers to enable such systems to be employed in the near and far term.
High resolution satellite images position accuracy tests (2004)

This paper concerns high resolution satellite images position accuracy tests carried out through orthoprojection procedures both using commercial softwares and home-made ones. Planimetric positioning errors and influence of GCPs number on the results are shown. This kind of test drives us to consider the possibility of using such images for cartographic updating purposes. Moreover they demonstrate how the reference DEM could influence the final result. In detail the improving action of the utilization of an urban dense DEM (altimetric information of terrain plus buildings) is shown. Finally future planned developments in the home-made orthoprojection algorithms are presented.
Downhole Electrical Heating for Heavy Oil Enhanced Recovery: A Successful Application in Offshore Congo (2013)

Abstract The development of heavy oil reservoirs is one the future targets of the major oil companies worldwide. Most of the heavy oil fields are produced through cold production methods leaving behind significant amounts of unproduced reserves. Today several EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) techniques and, in particular, thermal methods are available to achieve higher recovery factors. However, some technologies, like the downhole electrical heating have been recently improved, allowing enhancement of production, therefore, improvement of the recovery factor with relatively low investment cost with respect to the high costs involved in the implementation of the thermal technologies. In order to increase the production of a heavy oil reservoir in the offshore Congo, a study of down hole electrical heating application have been carried out showing encouraging results. The aim of the study was to evaluate the benefit associated to the application of this technology through the reservoir modeling. Significant results were achieved in terms of increasing of the recovery factor. The use of heat to increase the reservoir temperature showed good results in terms of heavy oil viscosity reduction starting from 1,000 cP at reservoir conditions (34°C) down to much lower values throughout the production time resulting in increased production rate and consequently, higher recovery factor from this reservoir. The first application of this technology has been performed in a long horizontal well section of about 500 meters length completed with production sand screen. The electrical heating mineral insulated three phase cables were deployed throughout the horizontal well section by means of a dedicated completion tail pipe. Several design challenges have been faced to properly centralize the heating cables and clamp the same around the completion tail pipe due to the well design constraints. This paper will describe the results of the reservoir modelling analysis, the completion planning activities and the lessons learned during the operations.
Provider and subscriber education: the key to survival. (1994)

Any employer's demand for a 20-percent reduction in price is unrealistic and unreasonable. A new mindset is required and can only be achieved through intensive subscriber and physician education about the reality of health care costs.
Industrial Automated Systems: Instrumentation and Motion Control (2010)

INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATED SYSTEMS: INSTRUMENTATION AND MOTION CONTROL, will provide readers with state-of-the art coverage of the full spectrum of industrial maintenance and control, from servomechanisms to instrumentation. They will learn about components, circuits, instruments, control techniques, calibration, tuning and programming associated with industrial automated systems. INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATED SYSTEMS: INSTRUMENTATION AND MOTION CONTROL, focuses on operation, rather than mathematical design concepts. It is formatted into sections so that it can be used to learn a variety of subjects, such as electrical motors, sensors, variable speed drives, programmable logic controllers, servomechanisms, and various instrumentation and process. This book also offers readers a broader coverage of industrial maintenance and automation information than other books and provides them with an extensive collection of supplements, including a lab manual and two hundred animated multimedia lessons on CD.
The discoloration illusion (2006)

The discoloration illusion, a new visual phenomenon, is described. This phenomenon originates from the juxtaposition of eight chromatic parallel contours on a white background, creating a luminance gradient and enclosing a light red region. Under these conditions, the inner region appears white: the light red discolors and appears white with both surface color and luminous qualities. In two experiments, the discoloration illusion was (i) compared with the coloration effect of the watercolor illusion, obtained when the number of adjacent contours was reduced to at least two, and (ii) tested under several conditions useful for understanding the roles of the luminance gradient profile. The results suggest that discoloration is not a lightness illusion and does not depend on simultaneous contrast or on achromatic mechanisms, but more likely on chromatic mechanisms that, through the luminance chromatic gradient, provide cues about the interactions of light and surface and model the volume by depicting lights and shades. The discoloration illusion suggests a possible neural scenario where multiple juxtaposed contours may stimulate neurons, selective for different asymmetric luminance profiles and signaling not only the unilateral belongingness of the boundaries and the coloration effect but also the volumetric and the illumination effects.
A New High Sensitivity Differential Colorimeter (1952)

A new high precision, tristimulus, filter colorimeter suitable both for research and for industrial use has been developed. The instrument can reproducibly measure C.I.E. (International Commission on Illumination) tristimulus values X, Y, and Z, and ratios of tristimulus values, sample to standard, to four significant figures for most colors. Color differences considerably smaller than those which a trained observer can visually detect can be measured on all colors from whites to blacks of about density 4. The luminous apparent reflectance of carefully polished black glass has been measured as 0.012 percent. Tables of value functions and alignment charts have been prepared which permit rapid conversion of instrumental measurements into color coordinates or coordinate differences of equal visual spacing in a modified Adams chromatic value system. A slide rule has been devised for the rapid calculation of total color difference, ΔE.