gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vaginal flora and urinary tract infections (1991)

There is a growing appreciation for the importance of vaginal flora in the pathogenesis and prevention of urinary tract infections. The survival of uropathogens in the vagina among the wide range of competing flora, and the emergence of these organisms to infect the bladder is not well understood. However, the ability of antimicrobial agents and spermicide to disrupt the flora and make a patient more susceptible to bladder and vaginal infection has been recently recognized. Attempts to restore a protective flora through instillation with carefully selected Lactobacillus strains does appear to have clinical potential. Alternative methods that utilize immunization have also shown some promise in vivo, but their mechanisms of action, safety, and effectiveness will require more documentation.
A WALL PLUME FED BY THE DISCHARGE OF A VERTICAL CHANNEL (1983)

Abstract A finite-difference marching scheme was employed to obtain numerical solutions for a wall plume spawned by the discharge from a vertical, natural convection channel flow. The plume is bounded by an isothermal vertical wall that is the continuation of one of the walls of the channel. The wall-plume solutions were carried out for a range of dimensionless heights of the channel and for a Prandtl number of 0.7. Since the channel height controls the velocity and temperature profiles at the channel exit, it also plays a key role in the development of the wall plume because these profiles serve to initiate the plume. Just downstream of the channel exit, the newly exposed flank of the plume interacts with and is cooled by the ambient fluid, while the wall-adjacent portion of the plume retains its channel heritage. Subsequently, the ambient fluid penetrates deeply into the plume, effectively obliterating its channel origins. Thereafter, the plume approaches a natural convection vertical-plate boundary layer. The heat flux at the wall that bounds the plume reflects the complex stages in the plume's development. Just downstream of the channel exit the heat flux exhibits a slight velocity-related increase, which gives way to a more significant decrease attributable to the temperature rise experienced by the fluid as it absorbs heat from the wall. This decrease is arrested and reversed as the plume is engulfed by fresh (unheated) fluid from the ambient. Then a boundary-layer-type regime is established and the heat flux decreases as the boundary layer thickens.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions of Vinylboranes. A Highly Stereoselective Two‐Step Decalin Synthesis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Finding Large Clique Minors is Hard (2008)

We prove that it is NP-complete, given a graph G and a parameter h, to determine whether G contains a complete graph K_h as a minor.
Advanced SEM imaging (1998)

The scanning electron microscope (SEM) represents the most promising tool for metrology, defect review, and for the analysis of ULSI structures, but both fundamental problems such as electron-solid interactions, and practical considerations such as electron-optical constraints, are now setting a limit to performance. This paper examines the directions in which an advanced SEM might be developed to overcome these constraints. The SEM also offers considerable promise as a tool for the high spatial resolution X-ray microanalysis, especially for those situations where a thin cross-section is not practical and first surface analysis is required. The ways in which this capability can be incorporated in an advanced SEM are examined.
[Effects of propham and chloropropham on mitosis in cultured human lymphocytes. Ultrastructural study]. (1980)

Propham and Chloropropham disturb the several mitotic figure components of proliferating human lymphocytes. The tubular structures, affected in preference by the C.I.P.C., become abnormal, disorganized or disappear. The chromosomal changes (protuberances,absence of condensation and chromosomal bridges) are principally given by I.P.C. I.P.C. and C.I.P.C. lead to the disappearance of the endoplasmic reticulum. These effects are correlated with the action of the two pesticides on DNA and protein synthesis.
A Compensation Method for WDM/SCM-PON Channel Distortion (2007)

A WDM/SCM channel is generally regarded as a AWGN channel. However, that channel has distortion by several problems. It can be compensated by RF or optical technology, but it has a limitation. In this paper, a DSP compensation method is proposed and it is well suitable for a WDM/SCM-PON system.
Modeling of current lag in GaAs IC's (2002)

Leakage currents, thermal effects and deep-level traps cause significant current lag effects in GaAs MESFETs. A conventional, MESFET large-signal, equivalent-circuit model has been modified to simulate these effects and used to improve the design of GaAs digital control and RF switching circuits. Both gate lag and drain lag are simulated as well as over-shoot or under-shoot behavior.
Co-Channel Interference Cancellation in Multihop Relay Networks (2008)

In this paper, we study the use of iterative multiuser detectors for co-channel interference suppression in wireless cellular systems. We demonstrate that a receiver with a single receive antenna is capable of detecting and cancelling a single in-band interferer that uses the same coding and modulation scheme as the desired signal. We investigate the benefits of using such an interference canceller in the mobile receiver in the downlink scenario of a two-hop relay network. Results show significant improvements with iterative interference cancellation in terms of the average system throughput and outage probability. Because the interference canceller is so effective, more aggressive frequency reuse schemes can be now considered, such as using smaller cluster sizes, using 3-sectored cells where all sectors share the same frequency band, and using non-orthogonal channels for relaying.
Differential effect of betulin and betulinic acid on cytokine production in human whole blood cell cultures. (2004)

Betulin and betulinic acid, plant-derived triterpenoid compounds, have been described to possess anti-inflammatory activity. In this paper, we examine the ability of both compounds to induce and modulate cytokine production in human whole blood cell cultures. The results indicate that betulin is a modest TNF-alpha inducer and also an enhancer of mitogen-induced TNF-alpha production. In contrast to betulin, betulinic acid is a modulator of cytokine production by Th1/Th2 cell subpopulations which slightly enhances IL-10 formation and inhibits IFN-gamma production, reducing IFN-gamma/IL-10 ratio from 3.6 to 2.6.
Double Dielectric Resonator (Correspondence) (1971)

Equations are derived from which the resonant frequencies of the double dielectric resonators can be calculated taking into account the influence of the conducting walls of the waveguide or the strip line. A comparison between theoretical and experimental results is also given.
On the question of time causality for HF ray fields traversing caustics (1992)

Summary form only given. A preliminary study has been performed which develops an exact, causal analytical solution to the physical optics (PO) approximation for the on-axis transient scattering from a 2-D parabolic cylinder whose concave face is illuminated by an axially incident impulsive plane wave. This analytical time-domain PO (or TD-PO) solution indicates, upon comparison with the corresponding TD-UTD (uniform theory of diffraction) solution, that the TD-UTD is noncausal for observation points beyond the focus (caustic), as expected; however, the causal part of the early TD-UTD solution compares very well analytically and provides numerical results which agree extremely well with the TD-PO solution, indicating that the causal part of the TD-UTD is not really affected by the noncausal portion of the response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Clinical Insights into Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis (2007)

Our understanding of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) is based on small case series, often from a single center or limited by retrospective design.
Standard Test Materials for Three-dimensional Multichannel Stereophonic Sound System (2017)

7.1， 22.2 マルチチャネル音響 (7.1，22.2ch 音響) の3 次元マ ルチチャネル音響方式も使うことができます．大画面の超 高精細映像と立体的な音響を通して，あたかもその場にい るような臨場感や迫力を体験することができます． 4K･8K 放送は 2020 年の東京オリンピックを契機に普及
The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1 Regulates Phagolysosome Biogenesis (2012)

The process of phagocytosis and phagosome maturation involves the recruitment of effector proteins that participate in phagosome formation and in the acidification and/or fusion with various endocytic vesicles. In the current study, we investigated the role of the Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) in phagolysosome biogenesis. To this end, we used immortalized bone marrow macrophages derived from SHP-1-deficient motheaten mice and their wild-type littermates. We found that SHP-1 is recruited early and remains present on phagosomes for up to 4 h postphagocytosis. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy and Western blot analyses on purified phagosome extracts, we observed an impaired recruitment of lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 in SHP-1-deficient macrophages. Moreover, Western blot analyses revealed that whereas the 51-kDa procathepsin D is recruited to phagosomes, it is not processed into the 46-kDa cathepsin D in the absence of SHP-1, suggesting a defect in acidification. Using the lysosomotropic agent LysoTracker as an indicator of phagosomal pH, we obtained evidence that in the absence of SHP-1, phagosome acidification was impaired. Taken together, these results are consistent with a role for SHP-1 in the regulation of signaling or membrane fusion events involved in phagolysosome biogenesis.
A figure of merit for the high-frequency noise behavior of bipolar transistors (1994)

In this paper a new figure of merit for high frequency noise behavior for use in the evaluation and development of bipolar silicon process technology is introduced. Basic low noise design rules for optimum transistor biasing and emitter scaling are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Fiber optic sensor for nitrates in water</title> (1991)

Recent emphasis on compliance with national and EC directions on water quality has created a requirement for real-time in-situ monitoring techniques such as provided by fiber optic sensing technology. Health risks associated with high concentrations of nitrate ion in drinking water demand regular monitoring of this species. Preliminary results from a simple fiber optic sensor for continuous monitoring of NO3- in water are reported. The sensor is based on the absorbance of UV-radiation in the 200nm region. Dual- or multi-wavelength referencing is used to compensate for non-measured related signal losses. Good quality UV- transmitting optical fibers enable remote operation of the device. The sensor performance is linear over the range 0-20 mgN per liter with a resolution better than 1mgN per liter. The sensor is particularly suitable for rapid on-line testing of compliance in the region of the EC guide (5.6 mgN per liter) and maximum (11.3 mgN per liter) levels. Proposed developments of this device are reported.
COMPARISON OF OPTICALLY INDUCED LOCALIZED STATES IN CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES AND THEIR CRYSTALLINE COUNTERPARTS (1981)

The below-gap peaks observed in the PLE spectra for deep PL bands in the minerals orpiment and realgar are attributed to strong impurity absorption bands, possibly associated with the high concentrations of 3d transition metals (e.g. Mn and Fe) detected by ESR. It is suggested that the weak below-gap tails in the PLE spectra of chalcogenide glasses and synthetic arsenic chalcogenide crystals have the same origin, but that impurity concentrations are much lower in these materials. Optically induced ESR spectra observed in crystalline arsenic chalcogenides are ascribed to paramagnetic Cu2+ ions rather than to the optically induced paramagnetic intrinsic defects associated with major constituent atoms as observed in chalcogenide glasses.
A Concurrent Built-In Self-Test Architecture Based on a Self-Testing RAM (2005)

Manufacturing test is carried-out once to ensure the correct operation of the circuit under test right after fabrication, while testing is carried-out periodically to ensure that the circuit under test continues to operate correctly on the field. The use of offline built-in self-test (BIST) techniques for periodic testing imposes the interruption of the normal operation of the circuit under test. On the other hand, the use of input vector monitoring concurrent BIST techniques for periodic testing provides the capability to perform the test, while the circuit under test continues to operate normally. In this paper, a novel input-vector monitoring concurrent BIST technique for combinational circuits based on a self-testing RAM, termed R-CBIST, is presented. The presented technique compares favorably to the other input vector monitoring concurrent BIST techniques proposed so far with respect to the hardware overhead, and the time required for the concurrent test to be completed (concurrent test latency). R-CBIST can be utilized to test ROM because it results in small hardware overhead, whereas there is no need to stop the ROM normal operation.
The Cost Effectiveness of Voluntary Prenatal and Routine Newborn HIV Screening in the United States (2000)

Improved voluntary prenatal HIV screening of women and routine screening of newborns are cost effective. Routine newborn screening becomes less attractive as the rate of voluntary prenatal screening increases. Improved participation in voluntary prenatal screening has the added benefit that mothers maintain their right to determine whether they are tested for HIV.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON SUBSTITUIERTEN PYRIDINCARBONSAEURE‐METHYLESTERN 2. MITT. 4‐ UND 5‐SUBSTITUIERTE PICOLINSAEURE‐ UND 5‐SUBSTITUIERTE NICOTINSAEURE‐METHYLESTER (1971)

Abstract Für kinetische Untersuchungen werden nach zumeist bekannten Methoden weitere Pyridincarbonsäureester dargestellt: l. Aus dem N‐Qxid (I) die Ester (II) [z.B. Reduktion von (I) mit PBr 3 , Reaktion des gebildeten Nitroderivates mit Acetylbromid zum Bromderivat; daraus das Dimethylaminoderivat; jeweils Oxidation der Methyl‐ zur Carboxygruppe und Veresterung]; 2. aus dem Nitroaminopyridin (III) die Ester (IV) [Überführung der Aminogruppe nach Sandmeyer in die Bromgruppe, nachfolgende Reaktion mit CuCN und Verseifung, Reduktion der Nitro‐ zur Aminogruppe, Überführung letzterer in die Dimethylamino‐ bzw. Methoxygruppe]; 3. aus der Bromnicotinsäure (V) die Ester (VIa) [Überführung der Brom‐ in die Aminogruppe und dieser in die Dimethylamino‐ bzw. Methoxygruppe]; das Nitroderivat (VIb) wird durch Darstellung und Dechlorierung des 6‐Chlorderivates (VII) gewonnen.
Ultraviolet transparent silicon oxynitride waveguides for biochemical microsystems (2001)

The UV wavelength region is of great interest in absorption spectroscopy, which is employed for chemical analysis, since many organic compounds absorb in only this region. Germanium-doped silica, which is often preferred as the waveguide core material in optical devices for telecommunication, cannot accommodate guidance below 400 nm, owing to the presence of UV-absorbing centers. We show that silicon oxynitride (SiO(x) N(y)) waveguides exhibit very good UV performance. The propagation loss for 24-microm -wide SiO(x)N (y) waveguides was found to be ~1.0dB/cm in the wavelength range 220-550 nm. The applicability of these waveguides was demonstrated in a biochemical microsystem consisting of multimode buried-channel SiO(x)N (y) waveguides that were monolithically integrated with microfluidic channels. Absorption measurements of a beta -blocking agent, propranolol, at 212-215 nm were performed. The detection limit was reached at a concentration of 13microM , with an optical path length of 500microm (signal/noise ratio, 2).
Reconfigurable Programmable Optical Digital Computer (1989)

Previous optical computing schemes offered analog or quasi-digital accuracies with a single fixed primitive. This paper describes how programmable, arbitrary bit length all digital Central ProcessingUnit (CPU) computations are now possible. In addition, the current state-of-the-art in optical computer subsystem devices such as acousto-optic modulators, detector and source arrays, posture this architecture as a revolutionary technology in and of itself, as it may be applied to an implementation plethora.
A Comparison of Techniques for Modelling Data with Non-Linear Structure (2003)

Partial least squares (PLS) is a powerful tool for multivariate linear regression. But what if the data show a non-linear structure? Near infrared spectra from a pharmaceutical process were used as a case study. An ANOVA test revealed that the data are well described by a 2 nd order polynomial. This work investigates the application of regression techniques that account for slightly non-linear data. The regression techniques investigated are: linearising data by applying transformations, local PLS, i.e. splitting of data, and quadratic PLS. These models were compared with ordinary PLS and principal component regression (PCR). The predictive ability of the models was tested on an independent data set acquired a year later. Using the knowledge of non-linear pattern and important spectral regions, simpler models with better predictive ability can be obtained.
The allelic distribution of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the PDCD5 gene locus of Japanese non-small cell lung cancer patients (2008)

It has been reported that the rs1862214 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the programmed cell death 5 gene (PDCD5) is associated with smoking-related lung cancer risk and prognosis in a European population with a history of smoking. The aim of this study was to investigate the status and impact of SNPs in the PDCD5 locus of a Japanese population. We developed an assay based on real-time PCR with melting curve analysis for determining the rs1862214 SNP, and examined this SNP in 165 lung cancer patients and 180 healthy volunteers. Of the 165 lung cancer patients (107 smokers), 25 (17), 72 (47) and 68 (43) had the CC, CG and GG genotypes of rs1862214, respectively. Of the 180 volunteers (117 smokers), 31 (24), 81 (52) and 68 (41) had the CC, CG and GG genotypes of rs1862214, respectively. No significant difference in allelic distribution was found between Japanese patients and healthy controls, even among smokers. Based on the published data, the distribution of this SNP appears to be significantly different in Japanese and European populations. No significant difference in prognosis according to the SNP was observed, either in patients with a history of smoking or in the total number of patients. This too differs from the results from a European population. In conclusion, we developed a convenient real-time PCR-based assay for the genotyping of rs1862214 in the PDCD5 locus. The distribution of the rs1862214 SNP in our Japanese population differs from its distribution in a European population, and is not related to the risk of cancer or to poor prognosis in lung cancer. This suggests the presence of an ethnicity-related difference in the role of PDCD5 in the pathogenesis of lung cancer.
Dispersed nano particle-polyolefin composites made by ring-opening metathesis polymerization from functional particles. (2002)

U416-U416
HIPDM-SPECT in Patients With Medically Intractable Complex Partial Seizures (1988)

Both interictal and ictal N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methyl-5-iodobenzyl)-1,3,propanediamine -single photon emission computed tomography (HIPDM-SPECT) were performed in 16 patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures. Ictal HIPDM-SPECT localized epileptic foci in 13 of 14 patients with unilateral temporal focus and provided confirmative evidence of epileptic focus in 11 patients by demonstrating maximally increased regional cerebral perfusion (rCP) in epileptic foci that had shown decreased rCP in a previous interictal study. Ictal HIPDM-SPECT in two patients with bitemporal foci showed more complicated patterns consisting of slightly increased rCP in bilateral multifocal regions. Ictal HIPDM-SPECT was particularly useful for investigating epileptic foci, and correlation with simultaneously recorded ictal electroencephalograms provided further insight for localizing epileptic foci.
Analytical Performance Evaluation of SC-FDE Modulations with Packet Combining and Multipacket Detection Schemes (2011)

Traditionally, a packet with errors, either due to channel noise or collisions, is discarded and needs to be retransmitted, leading to performance losses. Two different approaches are considered to cope with lost packets, a low-complexity packet combining ARQ scheme (Automatic Repeat reQuest) and a multipacket detection scheme. These approaches are employed on a SC-FDE scheme (Single-Carrier with Frequency Domain Equalization). Suitable receiver structures are described, employing packet combining, multipacket detection and hybrid schemes. An accurate analytical tool is presented for predicting the performance of the different schemes.
Using surface charge analysis to characterize the radiation response of Si/SiO/sub 2/ structures (2004)

We show that a surface charge analyzer (SCA) can be used to measure the total-dose radiation response of oxide-semiconductor structures noninvasively. A comparison of SCA measured radiation-induced oxide-trap charge and interface-trap densities with values from conventional metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) and mercury probe C--V measurements shows good agreement up to the highest total doses considered here (1000 krad(SiO/sub 2/)). The measured values of oxide-trap charge and interface-trap densities monotonically increase as total dose increases. Surface charge analysis has an advantage over the C--V measurement method because it does not require a direct gate contact for measurement. The SCA also does not require extra device fabrication or special test structures for measurement, circumventing the need for post-processing that could alter the charge trapping within a thermal oxide.
[Development of in situ TRAP assay detecting telomerase activity in cell]. (1998)

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein that is detected in more than 85% of primary cancer tissues using a telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Thus, telomerase is considered to be a novel marker for cancer. Telomerase activity is not detectable in somatic cells, except for hematopoietic cells and cryptic cells in the intestine and hair follicles, thus, detection of telomerase is important to delineate clinical implication of telomerase activity. We have developed semiquantitative fluorescence-based TRAP assay using fluorescence-end-labeling primers. Moreover, we also developed an in situ TRAP assay that detects telomerase activity at the cellular level. Using these TRAP assays, we are able to detect telomerase activity in various kinds of extracts or cytological specimens and therefore these applications may have additive information in the early detection of cancer and monitoring disease condition.