gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclization of ylidenemalononitriles. VIII. Synthesis of coumarins from <i>o</i>‐methoxybenzylidenemalonitriles (1975)

Abstract A new synthesis of coumarins, by direct cyclization of α‐cyano‐ o ‐methoxycinnamates in sulfuric acid, is described. The reaction seems quite general, and alkoxy groups other than the o ‐methoxy group involved in lactone formation are not hydrolyzed during the reaction. The 3‐cyano group on the resulting coumarin is not hydrated in concentrated sulfuric acid, but can be converted to the carbamido group in 90% sulfuric acid. In certain cases these conditions do cleave methoxy substituents on the coumarins. Although the sulfuric acid cyclization did not produce the usual indenones when an o ‐methoxy group was present, the corresponding indenones could be obtained by cyclizing the ylidenemalononitriles with boron trifluoride‐etherate. Possible reasons for this selectivity are discussed, and new coumarins and indenones characterized.
Adsorption of Methylene Blue Dye onto Bush Cane Bark Powder (2017)

The adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye on bush cane bark powder has been studied by analyzing the effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, and temperature on the amount of the MB dye adsorbed per unit mass of the bush cane bark powder adsorbent. An optimum adsorption could be achieved during 80 min contact time but, thereafter, decreased with contact time beyond 80 min. The adsorption of the methylene blue dye increased with increasing the initial dye concentration, temperature and pH. However, the amount of methylene blue adsorbed decreased with increasing the dosage of the adsorbent; a phenomenon attributed to a plausible agglomeration of the adsorbent and blocking of the preferred adsorption sites with increasing adsorbent dosage. The adsorption mechanism of the dye obeyed the Freundlich isotherm. Kinetic studies showed that the methylene blue adsorption onto bush cane bark powder adsorbent followed a second order reaction kinetics. The adsorbent was characterized by Fourier transform infra-red spectrophotometer and scanning electron microscope analysis.
The sensation of respiratory muscle force. (1982)

The sensation of respiratory muscle force was examined in 8 normal subjects using the direct scaling method of magnitude production. At the end of a normal expiration, at functional residual capacity (FRC), subjects generated an inspiratory effort against a closed airway to produce a force that correspond to specific numerical values for sensation magnitude. Thereafter, at lung volumes of 2 L above FRC and 1 L below FRC, subjects attempted to reproduce the same force as that previously generated at FRC. Diaphragm electromyographic activity, recorded with an esophageal electrode, was used as a measure of central respiratory motor output. The difference between the mouth pressure during relaxation against a closed shutter and the peak airway pressure during the static inspiratory maneuver (Pmus) was employed as an index of muscle tension. The exponent for the magnitude production of force during maneuvers at FRC, i.e., the slope of the line relating log airway pressure and log sensation magnitude was 1.60 +/- SE 0.15. The exponent for force scaling was 1.47 +/- SE 0.17 after correcting for differences in inspiratory duration during maneuvers of different force. During inspiratory maneuvers at FRC plus 2 L, diaphragm EMG was 441 +/- SE 70%, but Pmus was 111 +/- SE 11% of the respective values during subjectively equal efforts at FRC. During inspiratory maneuvers at FRC minus 1 L, diaphragm EMG was 54 +/- SE 5%, but Pmus was 94 +/- SE 4% of the respective values during efforts at FRC perceived to be of equal force. These results suggest that the sensation of respiratory muscle force depends primarily on signals related to the tension generated by the contracting muscles rather than on the sensation of innervation associated with the central nervous system motor command.
Experimental demonstration of a non-local Pancharatnam phase in intensity interferometry (2011)

Poster
Receptor for Advanced Glycation Endproducts Mediates Neutrophil Migration across Intestinal Epithelium (2007)

Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is an Ig superfamily cell surface receptor that interacts with a diverse array of ligands associated with inflammatory responses. In this study, we provide evidence demonstrating that RAGE is involved in inflammatory responses in the intestines. We showed that RAGE is expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, primarily concentrated at the lateral membranes close to the apical cell junction complexes. Although RAGE expression was low in epithelium under normal conditions, this protein was up-regulated after treatment with the inflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and/or TNF-alpha. RAGE expression was also elevated in colon tissue samples from patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Using in vitro transmigration assays, we found that RAGE mediates neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN)) adhesion to, and subsequent migration across, intestinal epithelial monolayers. This activity appears to be mediated by the binding of RAGE to the PMN-specific beta(2) integrin CD11b/CD18. Thus, these results provide a novel mechanism for the regulation of PMN transepithelial migration and may suggest a new therapeutic target for intestinal inflammation.
Early prediction of COVID‐19 severity using extracellular vesicle COPB2 (2021)

The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary broadly, ranging from asymptomatic infection to acute respiratory failure and death. But the predictive biomarkers for characterizing the variability are still lacking. Since emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) and extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are functionally involved in a number of pathological processes, we hypothesize that these extracellular components may be key determinants and/or predictors of COVID-19 severity. To test our hypothesis, we collected serum samples from 31 patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms at the time of their admission for discovery cohort. After symptomatic treatment without corticosteroids, 9 of the 31 patients developed severe/critical COVID-19 symptoms. We analyzed EV protein and exRNA profiles to look for correlations between these profiles and COVID-19 severity. Strikingly, we identified three distinct groups of markers (antiviral response-related EV proteins, coagulation-related markers, and liver damage-related exRNAs) with the potential to serve as early predictive biomarkers for COVID-19 severity. As the best predictive marker, EV COPB2 protein, a subunit of the Golgi coatomer complex, exhibited significantly higher abundance in patients remained mild than developed severe/critical COVID-19 and healthy controls in discovery cohort (AUC 1.00 (95% CI: 1.00-1.00)). The validation set included 40 COVID-19 patients and 39 healthy controls, and showed exactly the same trend between the three groups with excellent predictive value (AUC 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73-0.97)). These findings highlight the potential of EV COPB2 expression for patient stratification and for making early clinical decisions about strategies for COVID-19 therapy.
Targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelles treat vascular complications in vivo (2021)

Vascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and globally. Pathological vascular remodeling, such as atherosclerosis and stenosis, largely develop at arterial sites of curvature, branching, and bifurcation, where disturbed blood flow activates vascular endothelium. Current pharmacological treatments of vascular complications principally target systemic risk factors. Improvements are needed. We previously devised a targeted polyelectrolyte complex micelle to deliver therapeutic nucleotides to inflamed endothelium in vitro by displaying the peptide VHPKQHR targeting vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) on the periphery of the micelle. This paper explores whether this targeted nanomedicine strategy effectively treats vascular complications in vivo. Disturbed flow-induced microRNA-92a (miR-92a) has been linked to endothelial dysfunction. We have engineered a transgenic line (<i>miR-92a<sup>EC-TG</sup></i> /<i>Apoe<sup>-/-</sup></i> ) establishing that selective miR-92a overexpression in adult vascular endothelium causally promotes atherosclerosis in <i>Apoe<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. We tested the therapeutic effectiveness of the VCAM-1-targeting polyelectrolyte complex micelles to deliver miR-92a inhibitors and treat pathological vascular remodeling in vivo. VCAM-1-targeting micelles preferentially delivered miRNA inhibitors to inflamed endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo. The therapeutic effectiveness of anti-miR-92a therapy in treating atherosclerosis and stenosis in <i>Apoe<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice is markedly enhanced by the VCAM-1-targeting polyelectrolyte complex micelles. These results demonstrate a proof of concept to devise polyelectrolyte complex micelle-based targeted nanomedicine approaches treating vascular complications in vivo.
A Prospective Study of t(4;14) Multiple Myeloma. (2007)

Abstract The t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) leads to the ectopic expression of two oncogenes, the Multiple Myeloma Set Gene (MMSET) and the Fibroblast Growth Factor 3 (FGFR3). It is found in 15% of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and indicates a poor prognosis. To identify the clinico-biological features associated with this adverse prognosis, we prospectively studied a series of 79 patients with t(4;14) MM.Between March 2002 and July 2007, a t(4;14) was detected by real time quantitative PCR of the IGH/MMSET and FGFR3 transcripts in 79 patients. The clinico-biological data were analysed at diagnosis and at relapse. Response rate and time to progression (TTP) after successive lines of chemotherapy, and overall survival (OS), according to beta2m and haemoglobin level, and expression of FGFR3, were evaluated. Among the 79 patients (median age:55 years), 18 (22.8%) had a MGUS or smouldering myeloma and 61 (77.2%) had a symptomatic MM. At diagnosis, no clinical or radiological feature was significantly associated. As expected, 15 patients (18%) had a t(4;14) without expression of FGFR3. IgA isotype was found in 41% and del(13) in 90% of patients. Contrasting with previous studies, only 52% of symptomatic MM had elevated beta2m (>3mg/L). Fourty-two patients (53.1%) received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). In those, the overall response (OR) was 90%. Among those responders, 16% had a complete response (CR) and 53% had a very good partial response (VGPR). Median TTP after ASCT was only 12 months. At relapse, aggressive features (plasmocytoma, cytopenias, acute renal failure, circulating plasma cells) were observed in 23% of cases. After 2nd line chemotherapy, response rate was only 49% and TTP was 6.4 months. Noteworthy, there was a trend toward a better TTP in patients treated with bortezomib as compared to thalidomide in 2nd line therapy (p=0.06). Median OS after ASCT was 31 months, independently of FGFR3 expression and isotype. OS was not significantly different in patients with and without high beta2m (>3mg/L) or low hemoglobin (<100 g/L) at diagnosis. Nineteen patients (24%) received conventional chemotherapy. The OR rate was lower than after ASCT (52%). In this subgroup, median TTP and OS were respectively 7,6 and 30 months. Of the 18 patients (22,8%) with MGUS or smoldering MM, 7 (30%) became symptomatic within a median time of 9,2 months. This study shows that t(4;14) MM are characterized by a high response rate after ASCT contrasting with a short TTP and aggressive, chemoresistant relapses. Despite the increased use of novel molecules, the OS of t(4;14) MM remains shorter than other types of MM. However, the use of bortezomib in first relapse seems to be more effective than thalidomide. Classically used prognosis factors such as beta2m and hemoglobin level here had no impact on OS. Interestingly, t(4;14) and FGFR3 expression are significantly detected in MGUS/smoldering MM. A high proportion of those patients progressed into aggressive stage in a short period of time, suggesting an early transforming role of FGFR3 subsequently leading to molecular additional events.
A systematic approach for component-based software development (2000)

Component-based software development enables the construction of software artefacts by assembling prefabricated, configurable and independently evolving building blocks, called software components. This paper presents an approach for the development of component-based software artefacts. This approach consists of splitting the software development process according to four abstraction levels, viz., enterprise, system, component and object, and three different views, viz., structural, behavioural and interactional. The use of different abstraction levels and views allows a better control of the development process.
Impact of environmental pollution on the eye (2003)

According to our study, environmental conditions appear to have a very significant effect on the ocular surface. There were very high levels of subclinical ocular surface changes among persons travelling in highly polluted areas.
Simulation of Overland Flow on Short Field Plots (1968)

Overland flow is a major component in any runoff event where the cultural practices significantly affect the watershed runoff hydrograph. A model based on the kinematic flow theory is proposed that satisfactorily predicts overland flow on very rough, short slopes. The model includes retention storage, provisions for a variable point‐infiltration rate and a variable coefficient of friction, the ‘drying up’ of the upstream end of the slope during recession, and a variable area infiltration rate that is a function of the water surface area during recession. Field hydrographs from fallow erosion‐study plots were analyzed for retention storage and estimated values of the Darcy‐Weisbach coefficient of friction. These results were used in the model to simulate hydrographs that were compared with field hydrographs to test the concepts used in the model. The model with a constant Darcy‐Weisbach coefficient of friction or Manning's n adequately describes overland flow on short erodible slopes. (Key words: Hydrology; overland flow)
THE DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION OF HIGH-RISE BUILDING DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (2004)

Tall buildings introduce a range of unique issues when detailing the design and specification of the waste water drainage and vent systems. Research has shown a clear link between the height of a building and the dynamic response of the connected waste pipes. Furthermore, the consequences of, for example, a reduction in w.c flush volume or the use of a range of detergents in such systems are far reaching. In today’s climate where sustainability and water conservation are key, it is vital that designers have access to the tools required to be able to specify an optimal drainage system that ensures waste is safely and quickly removed from the habitable space with minimum water consumption whilst ensuring trap seal retention through the provision of well designed ventilation incurring minimum material, space and maintenance costs. A coherent programme of research undertaken by the Drainage Research Group at Heriot-Watt University, Scotland has led to the development of a suite of tools, designed to aid building drainage system designers, based upon the simulation and mathematical modelling of unsteady fluid flows. These unique models have been developed using extensive laboratory and site data, and have shown that it is possible to predict the performance of multi-storey building drainage systems under a range of design formats and varying operational criteria. The group was established in 1988 and has maintained an international reputation for work in this area that has had considerable implications for water conservation, building drainage, building drainage standards, system component design and performance testing. This paper presents a brief overview of the group’s work to date and reports recent research investigations that have clear implications for the future design and specification of drainage systems for high-rise buildings.
Synthesis and evaluation of new Reissert analogs as HIV-1 RT inhibitors. 2. Benzo[f]quinoline and pyridine derivatives. (1997)

The synthesis and preliminary evaluation of new benzo[f]quinoline and pyridine derivatives, obtained by application of the Reissert method and its modifications, as HIV-1 RT inhibitors and anti-infectives are presented. The most active products against HIV-1 RT wild type are the ethyl 2-cyano-1,2-dihydrobenzo[f]quinoline-1-carboxylate 2b, propyl 2-cyano-1,2-dihydrobenzo[f]quinoline-1-carboxylate 2c, and 2-cyano-1-(2'-furoyl)-1,2-dihydrobenzo[f]quinoline 2n, which maintain their activity against the mutant type P236L, resulting inactive against the Y181C type. Using the data previously obtained by our research team for analogous series derived from quinoline as reference, the compounds which have now been obtained present an increase in the cytotoxic character attributable to the introduction of a benzene ring fused with the quinoline base nucleus, as well as a decrease of the activity as HIV-1 RT inhibitors when the quinoline benzenic ring is eliminated.
The suboptimality of randomized tests in distributed and quantized detection systems (1992)

The design of decentralized (or quantized) detection systems requires simultaneous optimization of quantizer mappings and ultimate fusion rule. It is shown that if the likelihood ratios of the unquantized (or raw) observations are independent and contain no point-masses of probability, the optimal test does not randomize; this is so despite the fact that the data to be fused can be considered discrete. The result is a considerable simplification in the design search.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparison of Quantitative DNA Measurements and Cytomorphology in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract with and without Lymph Node Metastases (1993)

Cytologic smears of squamous cell carcinomas (UICC T2 through T4) from the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract without cervical lymph node metastases (n = 10) and with metastases (n = 20) were examined. Subsequently, the cytologic smears of the metastases (n = 20) obtained by fine-needle aspiration or following neck dissection were evaluated morphologically. Each specimen was then stained with Papanicolaou and Feulgen techniques, and quantitative DNA measurements were performed with an image analysis system. Morphologically, the primary tumors with metastases revealed an increased mean nuclear perimeter and mean nuclear area compared with tumors unassociated with metastases. On quantitative DNA measurements, the tumors with metastases had an increased DNA content, a higher 2c deviation index, and a higher DNA malignancy grade and increased number of aneuploid cells. The specimens obtained from the metastatic nodes yielded the highest values for mean DNA content, 2c deviation index, aneuploidy, and malignancy grade. The stem lines of metastasis were always nondiploid. These data indicate a positive correlation between aneuploid tumor cell clones in primary cancer and the manifestation of lymph node metastases.
Preparation and properties of protein films and particles from chicken feather (2008)

A convenient procedure for protein extraction from hair, nail, and wool were applied for chicken feathers. The velocities of protein extraction by the Shindai method were 1.1−1.8 fold faster than those by the conventional method. The protein components mainly consisted of β-keratin. Protein films with white color were formed from β-keratin solution by Pre-cast, Post-cast, and soft Post-cast methods, which were effectively applicable for the conversion of α-keratin into protein films. The protein recovery from solution to solid was 60−80%. Interestingly, films were formed under the conditions at high pH and low concentrations of MgCl2 and KCl where no film formation occurred in the case of hair, nail, and wool proteins. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the surface of the translucent protein films was smooth, while that of white films was rough with porous structure and was composed of aggregated small particles. The protein particles were easily prepared from the films. The distribution of the particles was mono-disperse with the average diameter of 0.5−3 μm. These results suggested that the procedures for protein extraction and preparations of film and particle from hair α-keratin could be also effective for chicken β-keratin.
Disruption of Signaling by <i>Yersinia</i> Effector YopJ, a Ubiquitin-Like Protein Protease (2000)

Homologs of the Yersinia virulence effector YopJ are found in both plant and animal bacterial pathogens, as well as plant symbionts. These YopJ family members were shown to act as cysteine proteases. The catalytic triad of the protease was required for inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling in animal cells and for induction of localized cell death in plants. The substrates for YopJ were shown to be highly conserved ubiquitin-like molecules, which are covalently added to numerous regulatory proteins. YopJ family members exert their pathogenic effect on cells by disrupting this posttranslational modification.
Spectral Specific Discrimination by Hylemya antiqua (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) and Other Vegetable-Infesting Species (1983)

Manufactured cardboards of 13 chromatic or achromatic hues were used to study color attraction by Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), H. brassicae (Bouché), H. platura (Meigen), and Thrips spp, in and around onion and cabbage fields. H. antiqua consistently responded in highest numbers to gray-, yellow- (two hues), white- and blue-colored cards in three experiments. H. platura responded to the same colors, with a marked preference for gray and a significant response to green in one of two experiments. H. brassicae was attracted to yellow (two hues), white, gray, blue, and buff, in that order. Thrips spp. consistently preferred the two yellows, blue, buff, and gray in four experiments conducted inside an onion field. It was concluded that yellow would be the most effective color with which to simultaneously monitor all the species studied.
Methods for lawful interception in IP telephony networks based on H.323 (2004)

Emergence of IP telephony applications in recent years has opened numerous technical and legal problems. A particular problem in implementing IP telephony services is complying with legal requirements imposed on telephony service providers in many countries. Certain legal requirements are easy to fulfill in the conventional public circuit-switched telephone network, but present significant problems in IP telephony. One of these requirements is the possibility of electronic surveillance by authorized law enforcement agencies, i.e. wiretap service. Currently, there is no standard solution for call interception in IP telephony networks. We describe four proposed basic methods for implementing a call interception system in IP telephony networks based on the ITU-T H.323 standard. The proposed methods are Wiretap on Gateways, Wiretap Routing on the Gatekeeper, Fixed Route Wiretap, and Promiscuous Wiretap. We examine each of these four methods and show their basic advantages and disadvantages.