gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The origin of the increase in magnetic loss induced by machining ferrites (1975)

Ferrite inductors are usually made in two parts with mating and air gap surfaces perpendicular to the flux path. In the course of manufacture these surfaces are ground flat, and this machining operation is found to increase the loss factor (L.F.), ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\tan \delta_{r+F})/\mu_{e}</tex> , by up to 33%, measured at a frequency of 100 kHz. It is known that grinding puts the surface of a ceramic into compression, and it is shown that the stress in the surface approaches 700 MN m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , decreasing to zero at a depth of 5μm or so below the surface. The permeability in this surface layer is greatly reduced, and so the L.F. is. enormously increased, since tan <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\delta/\mu = \mu"/(\mu')^{2}</tex> . The mean value of the L.F. in this surface layer is estimated to be about <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">600 \times 10^{-6}</tex> , compared with about <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.5 \times 10^{-6}</tex> in the interior. A theoretical expression is derived for the increase in L.F. of an inductor assembly, induced by grinding the surfaces perpendicular to the flux, which accounts quite well for the change observed. Ground surfaces parallel to the flux have virtually no effect on L.F., since little flux penetrates them, but the stresses which they generate in the body of the ferrite influence the temperature factor.
Phthalein Dyes (2010)

Abstract Color change has fascinated individuals for a long time. Phthaleins dyes traditionally are used for color change, and they constitute the major class of pH indicators. This review presents systematic and up‐to‐date compiled data on commonly used phthalein dyes with references to the introduction, history, chemical structures, synthesis, color‐change mechanism, color and constitution, spectral data, applications, and health/safety factors. Phthalein dyes exhibit multiple applications, which are grouped into eight major categories such as electronics, security, coatings, industrial, agriculture, food, personal‐care products, and medical. The toxicity of phenolphthein is discussed with references to bacterial toxicity, carcinogenicity, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, chromosome aberrations, cytotoxicity, DNA damage, environmental toxicity, estrogen activity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, renal toxicity, and reproductive toxicity.
Unsupervised Image-to-Image Translation with Stacked Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks (2018)

Recent studies on unsupervised image-to-image translation have made a remarkable progress by training a pair of generative adversarial networks with a cycle-consistent loss. However, such unsupervised methods may generate inferior results when the image resolution is high or the two image domains are of significant appearance differences, such as the translations between semantic layouts and natural images in the Cityscapes dataset. In this paper, we propose novel Stacked Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks (SCANs) by decomposing a single translation into multi-stage transformations, which not only boost the image translation quality but also enable higher resolution image-to-image translations in a coarse-to-fine manner. Moreover, to properly exploit the information from the previous stage, an adaptive fusion block is devised to learn a dynamic integration of the current stage's output and the previous stage's output. Experiments on multiple datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach can improve the translation quality compared with previous single-stage unsupervised methods.
On the synthesis of very sharp decimators and interpolators using the frequency-response masking technique (2005)

Decimation and interpolation are very common multirate signal processing operations. Conventional decimation or interpolation technique using polyphase filters has the advantage that for a given transition-band sharpness, the filter's computational complexity decreases with increasing interpolation or decimation factor. Nevertheless, if the transition band of the decimation or interpolation filter is very sharp, the complexity of the filter may still be very high. The complexity of a very sharp filter may be reduced using the frequency-response masking (FRM) technique. However, as shown in this paper, for a given transition-band sharpness, the computational complexity of the classical FRM method does not reduce as rapidly as the increase in decimation or interpolation factor. In this paper, we present a novel variant of the FRM technique for interpolation or decimation application. In this new variant, the computational complexity reduces as rapidly as the interpolation or decimation factor increases. The reduction in computational complexity increases with decreasing transition width. Over an order of magnitude reduction in computational complexity is achieved when compared with conventional polyphase approach in a particular example presented in this paper.
Rat Thecal/Interstitial Cells Express Transforming Growth Factor-β Type 1 and 2, but Only Type 2 Is Regulated by Gonadotropin<i>in Vitro</i>* (1991)

We previously demonstrated that granulosa cells from diethylstilbestrol-primed immature rats expressed transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF beta 2), but not TGF beta 1, mRNA and that its expression was regulated by FSH in vitro. The present studies were designed, therefore, to establish whether thecal/interstitial cells (TIC) from diethylstilbestrol-primed immature rats express more than one subtype of TGF beta mRNA and gene product and whether the levels of expression/production in vitro were regulated by LH/hCG. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of total RNA indicated that TIC expressed both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 mRNA. In response to hCG (200 ng/ml), TIC expressed TGF beta 2 mRNA levels that were 51% of control levels; TGF beta 1 mRNA levels were not altered. In response to cholera toxin (10(-9) M), TIC expression of TGF beta 2 and TGF beta 1 mRNA levels was 10% and 55% of control values, respectively. Western blot analysis established that both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 were secreted in vitro. hCG and cholera toxin reduced secretion of TGF beta bioactivity by 55% and 90%, respectively. In summary, these results indicate: 1) TIC express both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 mRNA; 2) TIC expression of TGF beta 2, but not TGF beta 1, mRNA is regulated by hCG in vitro; 3) TIC secrete both TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2, and 4) TIC secretion in vitro of TGF beta activity is gonadotropin regulated.
Tolerance to endotoxin-induced expression of the interleukin-1 beta gene in blood neutrophils of humans with the sepsis syndrome. (1993)

The induction of genes of host cells stimulated by microbial products such as endotoxin and the tolerance of cells to endotoxin excitation play critical roles in the pathogenesis of microbial-induced acute disseminated inflammation with multiorgan failure (the sepsis syndrome). One gene that is induced in phagocytic cells by endotoxin and that appears to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of the sepsis syndrome is IL-1 beta. We report here that blood neutrophils (PMN) of patients with the sepsis syndrome (sepsis PMN) are consistently tolerant to endotoxin-induced expression of the IL-1 beta gene, as determined by decreased synthesis of the IL-1 beta protein and reductions in IL-1 beta mRNA. This down-regulation of the IL-1 beta gene in sepsis PMN occurs concomitant with an upregulation in the constitutive expression of the type 2 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R2). These phenotypic changes do not persist in PMN of patients recovering from the sepsis syndrome. Tolerance has stimulus and response specificity since sepsis PMN tolerant to endotoxin can respond normally to Staphylococcus aureus stimulation of IL-1 beta production and they normally secrete elastase. Uninfected patients with severe trauma or shock from causes are not tolerant to endotoxin and tolerance is not limited to patients infected with Gram-negative bacteria. The mechanism responsible for tolerance involves pretranslational events and is not due to loss of the CD14 surface protein, a receptor required for endotoxin induction of IL-1 beta in PMN. The physiological significance of the tolerance to endotoxin and increased expression of IL-1R2 on sepsis PMN is unknown, but may represent an attempt by the host to protect itself from the deleterious effects of disseminated inflammation.
A Path-Planning Algorithm for AGV Based on the Combination between Ant Colony Algorithm and Immune Regulation (2011)

For the demand of AGV’s environment modeling and path-planning,the paper discusses how to establish static environment model of visibility graph and proposes a visibility table method.Moreover,based on the environment modeling,we put forward a new kind of global path-planning algorithm by the combination between ant colony algorithm and immune regulation.
A novel photochemical model of intimal thickening in the rat femoral artery and evaluation of anti-proliferative drugs. (1998)

We have established a novel photochemical model of intimal thickening in the rat femoral artery. The endothelium was injured by the photochemical reaction between rose bengal and green light, which was followed by thrombotic occlusion, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) migration and proliferation. The neointima was formed by proliferated VSMC and the extracellular matrix, reaching to maximal thickness within 3 weeks after the endothelial injury. Using this model, we have investigated the effect of several anti-proliferative drugs, anti-allergic drugs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, prostaglandin E1, anti-thrombotics, or leukotrienes receptor antagonists, on intimal thickening. This model has two major advantages in comparison with other methods: one is that the media is free from mechanical stress, and the model is expected to represent pathological changes close to clinical atherosclerosis. Another advantage is that this method is also applicable to small animals such as mice, including transgenic mice. These advantages are very helpful for investigating the mechanism of atherogenesis.
Dearomatising cyclisations of lithiated N-benzylbenzamides (1999)

On treatment with ButLi in the presence of HMPA, N-benzylbenzamides undergo anionic cyclisation with dearomatisation to give an extended amide enolate which reacts with electrophiles to yield bicyclic cyclohexadiene derivatives.
MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF THE DYNAMIC TEAR TEST SPECIMEN. (1967)

The importance of dynamic fracture toughness as a controlling influence on the design and integrity of high performance structures is becoming more generally recognized. Since tear test procedures involve dynamic loading, a rigorous analysis of this test method can provide direct translation of test results into structural parameters such as fracture stress and stress intensity values of fracture mechanics in addition to tear energy values. This report concerns the development of a dynamic analysis for the two principal elements in the tear test, namely, the hammer and the specimen. Several methods of analysis for predicting the hammer force-time curves are discussed and an analysis based on simple bending theory which predicts the beam bending moments and stresses is presented. The calculated force-time relationship for the hammer was in good agreement with experimental results. The results indicate that the first peak in the hammer force-time curves is not directly related to fracture but is caused by inertia effects. For the specimen, the calculated stresses and bending moments predicted by the dynamic analysis agree fairly well with experimental values. Both calculated and experimental values of dynamic stresses and moments are lower than those calculated from a static analysis; and therefore, in the dynamic tear test a static analysis cannot be used to calculate fracture stresses or stress intensity factors. (Author)
Cytomegalovirus: Biology and Infection. (1983)

1. History of Cytomegalovirus.- 2. Molecular Biology of Cytomegalovirus Replication.- 3. Gene Products of Cytomegalovirus and Their Immunologic Significance.- 4. Characteristics of Cytomegalovirus.- 5. Virological Diagnosis and Infections in Cells and Tissues.- 6. Serologic Tests for Cytomegalovirus Infections.- 7. Cell-Mediated Immunity to Cytomegalovirus Infection.- 8. Variants of Human Cytomegalovirus.- 9. Epidemiology of Cytomegalovirus Infection in Man.- 10. Pathology of Cytomegalovirus Infection.- 11. Congenital and Perinatal Human Cytomegalovirus Infections.- 12. Acquired Cytomegalovirus Infection in Immunocompetent Patients.- 13. Human Cytomegalovirus Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients.- 14. Treatment and Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Infections.- 15. Nonhuman Cytomegaloviruses.- 16. Murine Cytomegalovirus.- References.- Author Index.
Regioselectivity and Mechanism of Dihalocarbene Addition to Benzocyclopropene (2007)

Dihalocarbenes add regioselectively to aryl-substituted benzocyclopropenes to produce dihalobenzocyclobutenes. The regioselectivity of addition is not due to steric effects but depends on the electronic donor or acceptor ability of the substituent. B3LYP/6-31G* calculations show preferential :CCl2 addition to substituted benzocyclopropene through electrophilic attack on the benzocyclopropene pi-system (Ea = 1.1-2.4 kcal/mol) rather than C-C sigma-bond insertion into the cyclopropenyl moiety (Ea = 5-24 kcal/mol). pi-Addition proceeds regioselectively through a single transition state to xylylene intermediates or directly to benzocyclobutene products.
High Shock, High Frequency Characteristics of a Mechanical Isolator for a Piezoresistive Accelerometer, the ENDEVCO 7270AM6* (2000)

A mechanical isolator has been developed for a piezoresistive accelerometer. The purpose of the isolator is to mitigate high frequency shocks before they reach the accelerometer because the high frequency shocks may cause the accelerometer to resonate. Since the accelerometer is undamped, it often breaks when it resonates. The mechanical isolator was developed in response to impact test requirements for a variety of structures at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL). An Extended Technical Assistance Program (ETAP) with the accelerometer manufacturer has resulted in a commercial mechanically isolated accelerometer that is available to the general public, the ENDEVCO 7270AM6*, for three shock acceleration ranges of 6,000 g, 20,000 g, and 60,000 g. The in-axis response shown in this report has acceptable frequency domain performance from DC to 10 kHz and 10(XO)over a temperature range of {minus}65 F to +185 F. Comparisons with other isolated accelerometers show that the ENDEVCO 7270AM6 has ten times the bandwidth of any other commercial isolator. ENDEVCO 7270AM6 cross-axis response is shown in this report.
Interventions for prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation and its complications after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis (2006)

All five interventions reduced the incidence of AF, though the effect of BBs is less than previously thought. The significant reductions in length of stay and stroke in meta-analysis suggest that there are worthwhile benefits from aggressive prevention. Larger studies to confirm these clinical benefits and evaluate their cost-effectiveness would be worthwhile.
Notes on the struggle to define involvement in television viewing (1996)

Summary: This article offers a way of categorising viewers' involvement in Television by type of response, with particular reference to popular soap operas. It postulates four types of viewer engagement, each capable of further elaboration and of co-existing within the same person. The author also explores the ambivalence of viewer engagement and the relative effectiveness of its positive and negative aspects.
EvoFIT: A Holistic, Evolutionary Facial Imaging System (2002)

This thesis details the development and evaluation of a new photofitting approach. The motivation for this work is that current photofit systems used by the police - whether manual or computerized - do not appear to work very well. Part of the problem with these approaches is they involve a single facial representation that necessitates a verbal interaction. When a multiple presentation is considered, our innate ability to recognize faces is capitalized (and the potentially disruptive effect of the verbal component is reduced). The approach works by employing Genetic Algorithms to evolve a small group of faces to be more like a desired target. The main evolutionary influence is via user input that specifies the similarity of the presented images with the target under construction.\nThe thesis follows three main phases of development. The first involves a simple system modelling the internal components of a face (eyes, eyebrows, nose and mouth) containing features in a fixed relationship with each other. The second phase applies external facial features (hair and ears) along with an appropriate head shape and changes in the relationship between features. That the underlying model is based on Principal Components Analysis captures the statistics of how faces vary in terms of shading, shape and the relationship between features. Modelling was carried out in this way to create more realistic looking photofits and to guard against implausible featural relationships possible with traditional approaches. The encouraging results of these two sections prompted the development of a full photofit system: EvoFIT. This software is shown to have continued promise both in the lab and in a real case. Future work is directed particularly at resolving issues concerning the anonymity of the database faces and the creation of photofits from the subject's memory of a target.
Compensatory growth mechanisms regulated by BMP and FGF signaling mediate liver regeneration in zebrafish after partial hepatectomy (2009)

Here, we describe the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a vertebrate model system to study liver regeneration with the added benefit of its powerful genetics and screening possibilities to uncover the molecular pathways underlying liver regeneration. We developed a partial hepatectomy (PH) protocol in zebrafish and investigated in detail the cellular and morphological changes during the process of liver regeneration. We show that the type of regenerative response is dependent on the size of the injury sustained by the zebrafish liver. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that the mechanisms of liver regeneration in zebrafish after PH are strikingly similar to those of rodents and humans, with 100% recovery of the liver mass after 6-7 d postsurgery. This occurs via compensatory growth mediated by proliferation of hepatocytes throughout the entire liver remnant. By analyzing transgenic fish expressing dominant-negative forms of either bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) receptor or fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor 1, we demonstrate that the BMP and FGF signaling pathways are crucial regulators of the early events during liver regeneration after PH. Our study demonstrates that the mechanisms of liver regeneration in zebrafish are highly similar to the processes ongoing during mammalian liver regeneration and make the adult zebrafish a suitable model system to study the mechanisms of liver regeneration.
The Evaluation of Cooling Tower Corrosion Inhibitors (1957)

A small commercial cooling tower, equipped with control instruments, was installed in the laboratory for studying corrosion problems. In this tower the pH of the recirculating water was rigidly controlled automatically, and test coupons, nipples, and NDHA coil type units were used simultaneously to determine corrosion rates. Initial data revealed reasonably good correlation between corrosion rate measurements using all three types of corrosion test specimens. Inorganic corrosion inhibitors such as chromates, polyphosphates, and combinations of the two, when used in the experimental tower, provided corrosion protection comparable to that found in the field with those inhibitors. Therefore, it may be assumed that corrosion inhibitors which are successful in the experimental tower will be equally effective in field operations. It was apparent that corrosion inhibitors such as polyphosphates must be fed in larger dosage than were required residually in the cooling water, to adequately protect against corrosion. Under operation conditions of the experimental tower, three or four times the calculated quantity of polyphosphate was required in order to maintain the desired residual dosage in the tower water. Operating data from several inhibitor runs are reported and compared with observed corrosion rates in untreated (blank) runs. 2.3.4
Synthesis, Properties, and Functionalization of Nonsymmetric 8‐MethylthioBODIPYs (2016)

Five new nonsymmetric BODIPY dyes based on the Biellmann methodology [NSBBs (nonsymmetrical Biellmann BODIPYs)] were prepared by condensation of pairs of different pyrroles with thiophosgene. Treatment of the resulting thioketones with MeI and BF 3 · Et 2 O/TEA yielded a wide range of products in a simple manner, with selective alkylation of each pyrrole of the indacene core and with controlled functionalization at the meso position. A comprehensive combined photophysical and computational study has been conducted to determine the impact of the alkylation pattern, as well as the role of the conformational freedom and electron coupling of 8‐phenyl and 8‐methylthio groups on the spectroscopic signatures of BODIPYs. The results and conclusions reached are compared with those for previously reported related analogues. We intend to provide key structural guidelines with regard to the factors that trigger the fluorescence responses and spectral shifts of multifunctional fluorophores of this family.