gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nd‐carboxylate catalyst for the polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene: The effect of alkylaluminums and alkylaluminum chlorides (1995)

Abstract The ternary neodymium‐based catalyst for the polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene, Nd(versatate) 3 /Al i ‐Bu 2 H/ tert ‐butyl chloride, has been examined with respect to the effects of a range of alkylaluminums and alkylaluminum chlorides. Using either pre‐formed or in situ catalysts, observations pertaining to catalyst activity and physical state and the characteristics of the final polymer are discussed. The catalyst activity series with the type of alkylaluminum was found to be: Al n ‐Pr 3 ≫ Al n ‐Dodec 3 = Al n ‐Oct 3 = Al n ‐Hex 3 > Al i ‐Bu 2 H > Al i ‐Bu 3 > AlEt 3 ≫ AIMe 3 . Polybutadiene cis content was found to vary with the type of alkylaluminum used. Pre‐formed catalysts using methylaluminum chlorides as chloride source were found to be the most active; AlMe 2 Cl chloride gave the highest activity. The activity of in situ catalysts prepared using alkylaluminum chlorides was found to be independent of alkylaluminum chloride structure. Polybutadiene prepared using catalysts based on different alkylaluminums and alkylaluminum chlorides was found to decrease in cis content with conversion. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Introduction to SNA networking : a guide for using VTAM/NCP (1989)

Data communications and telecommunications communications hardware - cluster controllers and communications controllers communications hardware - miscellaneous workstation stations and SNA connectivity SNA telecommunications access method advanced peer-to-peer networking (APPN) communications protocols communications software - VTAM and NCP SNA domains and networks defining network topology defining a single-domain network VTAM major nodes application, non-SNA and SNA switched major nodes and path tables VM and VSE channel-attached definitions VTAM user tables dynamic reconfiguration NCP definition statements network operations network management.
Pirfenidone in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2010)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with a dismal prognosis for which, until recently, there were no effective treatments. Pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenylpyridin-2[1H]-one) is a novel antifibrotic agent that has been demonstrated to slow disease progression in patients with IPF. In vitro and in vivo animal models of pulmonary fibrosis have shown that pirfenidone exerts its effect by reducing inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, by downregulating the transcription of key profibrotic growth factors including TGF-ß, and through reductions in lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress. In three of four multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in patients with IPF, pirfenidone has been shown to slow disease progression as measured by decline in forced vital capacity over 36-72 weeks. In general, in these clinical trials, pirfenidone was safe and well tolerated. Reported adverse effects include nausea, anorexia and photosensitivity dermatitis. A number of questions remain concerning the long-term efficacy and safety of pirfenidone and whether slowing of lung function decline will translate into improved survival for patients with IPF. These questions notwithstanding, pirfenidone represents an important development in the treatment of IPF and is a much needed addition to the previously inadequate therapeutic armamentarium for this devastating disease.
Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells into Kidney (2015)

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), represent an ideal substrate for regenerating kidney cells and tissue lost through injury and disease. Recent studies have demonstrated the ability to differentiate PSCs into populations of nephron progenitor cells that can organize into kidney epithelial structures in three-dimensional contexts. While these findings are highly encouraging, further studies need to be performed to improve the efficiency and specificity of kidney differentiation. The identification of specific markers of the differentiation process is critical to the development of protocols that effectively recapitulate nephrogenesis in vitro. In this review, we summarize the current studies describing the differentiation of ESCs and iPSCs into cells of the kidney lineage. We also present an analysis of the markers relevant to the stages of kidney development and differentiation and propose a new roadmap for the directed differentiation of PSCs into nephron progenitor cells of the metanephric mesenchyme.
A Hierarchical Framework for Relation Extraction with Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Most existing methods determine relation types only after all the entities have been recognized, thus the interaction between relation types and entity mentions is not fully modeled. This paper presents a novel paradigm to deal with relation extraction by regarding the related entities as the arguments of a relation. We apply a hierarchical reinforcement learning (HRL) framework in this paradigm to enhance the interaction between entity mentions and relation types. The whole extraction process is decomposed into a hierarchy of two-level RL policies for relation detection and entity extraction respectively, so that it is more feasible and natural to deal with overlapping relations. Our model was evaluated on public datasets collected via distant supervision, and results show that it gains better performance than existing methods and is more powerful for extracting overlapping relations1.
VII.—NEW BOOKS (1910)

VII.—NEW BOOKS The Moral Life: a Study in Genetic Ethics. By A. E. DAVIES, Professor in the Ohio State University. Baltimore: Review Publishing Co., 1909. Pp. xi, 187. R. SMITH R. SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mind, Volume XIX, Issue 1, 1910, Pages 435-a–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/mind/XIX.1.435-a Published: 01 January 1910
HOW TO DEPOSIT METALLIC AND NON-METALLIC COATINGS WITH THE PLASMA ARC TORCH (1963)

The high temperatures generated by the plasma flame -up to 30,000 un. Concent 85% F--permit the selection of an almost unlimited number of materials and combinations of materials for coatings and for built-up components. Examples are alumina, magnesia, beryllia, zirconia, thoria, hafnia, tungsten, and other refractory alloys, as well as carbides and nitrides of the refractory metals. (auth)
New Ways to Generate Flat‐Top Profiles (2015)

Abstract Previously, flat‐top beam profiles were usually generated in laser technology through homogenizers. These beam shaping optics are, however, both expensive and diminish the laser output. Optical fibers with a rectangular core geometry offer an alternative, by being able to homogenize the intensity distribution of a laser beam without reducing its performance.
Evaluation and treatment of central pain syndromes (2004)

Central pain syndromes represent a form of neuropathic pain that is associated with lesions of the brain or the spinal cord after a stroke or other traumatic injury. Although spinal cord injury (SCI) pain and central post-stroke pain (CPSP) are both classified as central pain syndromes, they may have differing etiologies. The pathophysiology of SCI pain and CPSP has yet to be completely elucidated, but both spinal and supraspinal pathways may be involved. Pain resulting from an injury to the CNS may be vague or difficult to classify or characterize, and patients may describe painful sensations that are poorly localized or that change over time. Pharmacologic interventions that have demonstrated efficacy in central pain syndromes include iv lidocaine and opioids as well as the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline and the AEDs gabapentin and lamotrigine. Nonpharmacologic interventions have also demonstrated benefit in some patients who are refractory to pharmacologic treatments. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for central pain syndromes.
Controlled Interphase in Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites by Molecular Self-Assembly Method (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Performance of the Rayleigh task based on the posterior probability of tomographic reconstructions (2002)

The authors seek the best possible performance of the Rayleigh task in which one must decide whether a perceived object is a pair of Gaussian-blurred points or a blurred line. Two Bayesian reconstruction algorithms are used, the first based on a Gaussian prior-probability distribution with a nonnegativity constraint and the second based on an entropic prior. In both cases, the reconstructions that maximize the posterior probability are found. The authors compare the performance of the Rayleigh task obtained with two decision variables, the logarithm of the posterior probability ratio, and the change in the mean-squared deviation from the reconstruction. The evaluation method is based on the results of a numerical testing procedure in which the stated discrimination task is carried out on reconstructions of a randomly generated sequence of images. The ability to perform the Rayleigh task is summarized in terms of a discrimination index that is derived from the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. The use of the posterior probability does not result in better performance of the Rayleigh task than the mean-squared deviation from the reconstruction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An approach for imprecise transmission of TIFF image files through congested real-time ATM networks (2002)

The paper presents an approach to pre-process and post-process TIFF image files in real-time applications for maintaining an acceptable image quality when these files are transmitted in a congested ATM network. Compared to existing techniques, the approach introduces a very low transmission and computational overhead, allows a higher cell-loss rate, and produces a less image degradation. In this approach, the preprocessor rearranges the content of image files, and then packs these fixed image files into ATM cells for transmission. The post-processor unpacks the cells, restores the original content orders, and if part of the data has been discarded, performs data recovery to reconstruct imprecise image files as close to their original versions as possible. By marking an appropriate number of cells, a user can specify an acceptable lower bound on the quality of the image that is delivered at the destination. This mates it possible to control and know which part of the image data can be discarded. The experimental results show that by using the proposed approach, the quality of the received/recovered images decreases more slowly than the proportional increase in network congestion.
Automatic instrument localization in laparoscopic surgery (2004)

This paper presents a tracking algorithm for automatic instrument localization in robotically assisted laparoscopic surgery. We present a simple and robust system that doesn't need the presence of artificial marks, or special colours to distinguish the instruments. So, the system enables the robot to track the usual instruments used in laparoscopic operations. Since the instruments are normally the most structured objects in laparoscopic scenes, the algorithm uses the Hough transform to detect straight lines in the scene. In order to distinguish among different instruments or other structured elements present in the scene, motion information is also used. We give in this paper a detailed description of all stages of the system.
Wildlife in Airport Environments: Chapter 13 Radar Technology to Monitor Hazardous Birds at Airports (2013)

Bird strikes are the most common wildlife hazard to aviation safety (Dolbeer et ale 2000). Advances in habitat management at airports through the elimination and reduction of attractants, in combination with hazing and lethal control, have reduced avian hazards < 152 m (500 feet) above ground level. Bird strikes above this altitude, however, are beyond the limits of traditional wildlife control techniques (Dolbeer 2011). Traditional avian survey methods used to monitor birds at airports (Cleary and Dolbeer 2005; Chapter 14) often fail to provide essential information on local bird activity and migration at higher altitudes, hazardous bird use of attractants near airports, and bird activity at night-information that could be provided by the strategic use of radar technology at and near airports (Dolbeer 2006).
Maxwell’s Demon in the Ranque-Hilsch Vortex Tube (2012)

A theory was developed that explains energy separation in a vortex tube, known as one of the Maxwellian demons. It appears that there is a unique relation between the pressures in the exits of the vortex tube and its temperatures. Experimental results show that the computed and measured temperatures are in very good agreement.
The Protective Effect of Hormone-Replacement Therapy on Fracture Risk Is Modulated by Estrogen Receptor α Genotype in Early Postmenopausal Women (2000)

Genetic factors regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and possibly development of osteoporosis. It has been suggested that estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) genotype is associated with BMD, but the association between ERalpha genotype, fracture risk, and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has not been studied. Therefore, we evaluated whether ERalpha polymorphism is associated with fracture risk in a 5-year trial with HRT in a population-based, randomized group of 331 early postmenopausal women. The participants consisted of two treatment groups: the HRT group (n = 151) received a sequential combination of 2 mg of estradiol valerate (E2Val) and 1 mg of cyproterone acetate with or without vitamin D3, 100-300 IU + 93 mg calcium as lactate per day; and the non-HRT group (n = 180) received 93 mg of calcium alone or in combination with vitamin D3, 100-300 IU/day. All new symptomatic, radiographically defined fractures were recorded. Pvu II restriction fragment length polymorphism of the ERalpha was determined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In all, 28 women sustained 33 fractures during the approximately 5.1-year follow-up. In the HRT group, the ERalpha genotype (PP, Pp, and pp) was not significantly associated with fracture risk (p = 0.138; Cox proportional hazards model). When the genotype was dichotomized (PP + Pp vs. pp), the incidence of new fractures in the HRT group was significantly reduced in women with the P allele (p = 0.046) with the relative risk (HR) of 0.25 (95% CI, 0.07-0.98), in comparison with the non-P allele group. After adjustment for time since menopause and previous fracture, the association between the dichotomous genotype and fracture risk persisted with HR of 0.24 (95% CI, 0.06-0.95;p = 0.042). In the non-HRT group, the ERalpha genotype was not significantly associated with fracture risk. During HRT, women with the pp genotype have a greater fracture risk than those with the P allele. The results suggest that the pp genotype is a relatively hormone-insensitive genotype, and it appears that women with the P allele may benefit more from the protective effect of HRT on fracture risk than women with the pp genotype.
Investigation of High-Temperature Steam Hydration of Naturally Derived Calcium Oxide for Improved Carbon Dioxide Capture Capacity over Multiple Cycles (2012)

The CaO–CaCO3 cycle offers a promising high-temperature CO2 capture technology, but the decay in CO2 absorption capacity of CaO over multiple cycles poses a challenge that needs to be overcome to make it an economically feasible process. Of the various methods suggested, intermediate hydration of CaO seems to be the most promising. Low-temperature hydration is known to produce a highly reactive sorbent; however, this will be detrimental for integration in the high-temperature process. Hence, high-temperature steam hydration is proposed, and the effect of such hydration has been investigated on CaO obtained from commercially available precursors. In this work, the hydration was performed at 500 °C in a fixed-bed reactor and thermogravimetry and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques were used for sorbent analyses and characterization. Multiple cycles of carbonation–calcination–hydration were performed, and the reduction in the CO2 capture capacity was observed to be negligible.
Automating Science and Engineering Laboratories with Visual Basic (1999)

From the Publisher:
Automating Science and Engineering Laboratories with Visual Basic helps laboratory professionals decide when and if to use Visual Basic and how to combine it with the many computing technologies used in modern laboratories such as RS-232 port communications, TCP/IP networking, and event-driven control, to name a few. With an emphasis on getting readers programming immediately, the book provides clear guidelines to the appropriate programming techniques as well as custom-developed software tools. Readers will learn how to build applications to control laboratory instruments, collect and process experimental data, create interactive graphical applications, and more.
Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale—revised (2006)

Rodebaugh et al. [2004: Psychol Assess 2:169-181] recently performed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation scale (BFNE; Leary, 1983: Psychol Bull 9:371-375]. Their study resulted in the emergence of a two-factor solution comprising straightforwardly worded items and reverse-worded items. They concluded by recommending use of only the straightforwardly worded items in the BFNE. Our intent in this study was to evaluate this recommendation through replication and extension. Participants included 385 undergraduates from the Universities of Regina and Houston, who provided responses to a questionnaire battery including either the BFNE or a revision utilizing straightforwardly worded versions of the reverse-worded items (BFNE-II). A CFA of the BFNE, using the two-factor model proposed by Rodebaugh et al., supported their conclusion that the reverse-worded items comprise a separate, methodologically based factor. However, CFA of the BFNE-II resulted in an acceptable unitary model that conforms to the theoretical basis for the BFNE, without risking loss of sensitivity from item removal. Additional analyses suggest use of the BFNE-II rather than a shortened form.
Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Organocatalytic Conjugate Addition of Alkyl Methyl Ketones to a β-Silylmethylene Malonate (2009)

(S)-N-(2-pyrrolidinylmethyl)pyrrolidine/trifluoroacetic acid (3:1) combination catalyzed the direct addition of alkyl methyl ketones to beta-dimethyl(phenyl)silylmethylene malonate at the methyl terminal with high yield and excellent regio- and enantioselectivity. The silyl group played crucial roles in regioselection and substrate reactivity.
Automobile transmission design as a constraint satisfaction problem: modelling the kinematic level (1991)

This paper describes our preliminary results in applying constraint satisfaction techniques in a system we call TRANS-FORM for designing automatic automobile power transmissions. The work is being conducted in collaboration with the Ford Motor Company Advanced Transmission Design Department in Livonia, Michigan. Our current focus is on the design of the mechanical subsystem, but we anticipate extending this later to the electrical and hydraulic subsystems also. For simplicity, in the initial work reported here we restrict ourselves to the relatively well-explored class of transmissions having four forward speeds and one reverse speed, built from two planetary gearsets, cross-connected by two permanent links. Moreover, we pursue design of such transmissions only at the ‘kinematic level’. These two restrictions correspond to limiting respectively the breadth (generality) and the depth (detail or granularity) of the search space employed. We find that, at least for the restricted version of the problem pursued here, transmission design is an application very naturally formulated as a constraint satisfaction problem. Our present problem requires only 10 variables, with an average of about seven values each, and 43 constraints—making it similar in difficulty to about the 10-queens problem. So far, two of the classic transmissions, known as Axod and HydraMatic, have been rediscovered (at the kinematic level) by our program. Preliminary results also indicate that the constraint satisfaction framework will continue to remain adequate and natural even when the search space is allowed to be much broader and deeper. We expect that searches of such expanded spaces will soon lead to the discovery of totally new transmissions.
Melatonin Provides Anxiolysis, Enhances Analgesia, Decreases Intraocular Pressure, and Promotes Better Operating Conditions During Cataract Surgery Under Topical Anesthesia (2009)

We concluded that oral melatonin premedication for patients undergoing cataract surgery under topical anesthesia provided anxiolytic effects, enhanced analgesia, and decreased IOP resulting in good operating conditions.
A high power current pulse generator using an insulated-gate bipolar transistor (1995)

A simple and reliable high power current pulse generator using a commercially available insulated gate bipolar transistor has been designed and constructed. This device generates current pulses up to 650 A at up to 990 V with the pulse length adjustable over 0.6 μs—1 ms with a rise time &lt;0.5 μs.
Ecologia Forestale - elementi di conoscenza dei sistemi forestali. (2004)

Ecologia forestale\nAbstract\n\nI sistemi forestali svolgono un ruolo di primo piano negli equilibri della biosfera. In un’epoca segnata da cambiamenti climatici, deforestazioni e inquinamento, si impone la necessità di una gestione forestale ecologicamente sostenibile. Lo scopo del presente trattato è di fornire conoscenze su struttura e funzionamento dei sistemi forestali: si tratta, in ultima analisi, di porre le fondamenta per un corretto approccio gestionale. \nLe foreste, in quanto sistemi complessi, necessitano di un’analisi a scala integrata. In questo senso, la conoscenza dei meccanismi che consentono all’albero di approvvigionarsi di acqua dal suolo o di fissare il carbonio atmosferico, rappresenta solo la parte di un percorso gerarchico che dall’individuo porta alla comunità vivente, all’ecosistema e al paesaggio, quadro d’unione di un insieme di ecosistemi interagenti fra loro (foreste, ma anche campi coltivati, incolti, pascoli, fiumi, laghi e centri abitati). Emerge la necessità non solo di collocare le foreste in un ambito territoriale, ma anche di affiancare allo studio delle loro componenti elementari (approccio riduzionistico), una indagine a livello globale (approccio olistico).\nQuesto libro tratta con particolare attenzione la componente arborea degli ecosistemi forestali, e si propone perciò come base conoscitiva per chi, mediante la selvicoltura, dovrà intervenire su struttura e dinamismo dei boschi.
Embedding data in speech using scrambling techniques (2005)

A method of embedding data into speech signals is proposed. The speech signal is scrambled using the data as the scrambling key, while the receiver adopts the role of a code breaker. By judicious choice of scrambling algorithm the receiver can be made to break the code at every attempt. We found that 126 b/s can be transmitted without error over a channel whose additive noise is only 10 dB below the mean square value of the speech signal.