gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endotoxic properties of lipid A from Comamonas testosteroni (2001)

The lipid A from Comamonas testosteroni has been isolated and its complete chemical structure determined [Iida, T., Haishima, Y., Tanaka, A., Nishijima, K., Saito, S. & Tanamoto, K. (1996). Eur J Biochem 237, 468-475]. In this work, the relationship between its chemical structure and biological activity was studied. The lipid A was highly homogeneous chemically and was characterized by the relatively short chain length (C(10)) of the 3-hydroxy fatty acid components directly bound to the glucosamine disaccharide backbone by either amide or ester linkages. The lipid A exhibited endotoxic activity in all of the assay systems tested (mitogenicity in mouse spleen cells; induction of tumour necrosis factor alpha release from both mouse peritoneal macrophages and mouse macrophage-like cell line J774-1, as well as from the human monocytic cell line THP-1; induction of nitric oxide release from J774-1 cells; Limulus gelation activity and lethal toxicity in galactosamine-sensitized mice) to the same extent as did 'Salmonella minnesota' lipid A or Escherichia coli LPS used as controls. The strong endotoxic activity of the C. testosteroni lipid A indicates that the composition of 3-hydroxydecanoic acid is not responsible for the low endotoxicity of the lipid A observed in members of the genus Rhodopseudomonas, as has previously been suggested. Furthermore, both the lack of a second acylation of the 3-hydroxy fatty acid attached at the 3' position, and the substitution of the hydroxyl group of the 3-hydroxy fatty acid attached at position 2, do not affect the manifestation of endotoxic activity or species specificity.
Molecular cloning and expression of a new gene, GON-SJTU1 in the rat testis (2010)

GON-SJTU1 may play a role in the biological process of spermatogenesis.
The Microwave Background Temperature at 2.64 and 1.32 Millimeters (1983)

Very high signal-to-noise observations of the 3874 A band of interstellar CN toward Zeta Oph are presented. Measurements are conducted of equivalent widths for the R(0), R(1), R(2), and P(1) lines which agree with previous photoelectric, but not photographic, findings. Corrected for saturation, these strengths yield excitation temperatures of 2.73 + or - 0.04 K and 2.8 + or - 0.3 K for the J = 0 to 1 and J = 1 to 2 rotational transitions at 2.64 mm and 1.32 mm respectively. Since the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) is primarily responsible for populating the excited rotational levels of interstellar CN toward Zeta Oph, these values are actually upper limits on the CMB brightness temperature at 2.64 mm and 1.32 mm. The results are consistent with a 2.7 K blackbody spectrum for the CMB and do not support the spectral deviations observed near these wavelengths by Woody and Richards.
Influence of Chlormethiazole on Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in the Rat, and its Effect on the Recovery of Cortical Energy Metabolism after Pronounced, Incomplete Ischaemia (1979)

The influence of an anaesthetic dose of chlormethiazole (Heminewino) on blood flow (CBF) and oxygen consumption (CMRo 2 ) in the rat brain was investigated. In spontaneously breathing animals a dose of 160 mg.kg ‐1 of chlormethiazole, infused i.v., induced a state close to surgical anaesthesia. In paralyzed animals, the same dose decreased CBF and CMRo 2 to about 60% of control, an effect similar to that observed after an anaesthetic dose of phenobarbitone. Neither a protective nor a detrimental effect of chlormethiazole could be demonstrated when the drug was given during reversible and pronounced, incomplete ischaemia, as evaluated from the postischaemic tissue concentrations of labile phosphates (PCr, ATP, ADP, AMP) and of lactate and pyruvate. It is concluded that protection in this situation (as earlier shown with phenobarbitone) must, at least partly, be related to other mechanisms than a depression of metabolism.
Clinical evidences, personal experiences, recent applications (2012)

Management of difficult wounds can be a complex, challenging\nand expensive task, especially for wounds showing\na slow healing process. Topical negative pressure\n(TNP) therapy has greatly improved difficult wounds\ntreatment. It allows to treat patient on an outpatient\nmanagement, to reduce the complication rate with\nshorter hospital stay, to avoid frequent dressings with\nexpensive advanced materials and allow a lower commitment\nof health professionals. Vacuum Assisted Closure®\n(VAC®) system is a therapeutic device based on the administration\nof a controlled TNP introduced by Morykwas\nand Argenta in 1997. It is indicated in different kinds of\nwound, but clinical evidences are present only for few of\nthem. In this work we summarize indications and recommendations\nfor VAC® therapy and we analyze the actual\nbetter choice of treatment based on evidences and personal\nexperience in order to stimulate further studies.\nFinally we introduce recent applications of VAC® system\nsuch as Prevena®, VAC Instill® and VAC Via®. Prevena® is\na system based on TNP indicated in the management of\nclosed wounds that present risk factors for dehiscence.\nVAC Instill® is a system that allows to associate TNP and\ntopical administration of solutions, such as antibiotics or\ndisinfectants, to treat specific type of wounds. VAC Via®\nis a device based on TNP, characterized by little dimension\nand a preset system that allow the treatment of\nlittle wounds for 7 d, with no impairment for the patient.\nThe aim of our paper is to describe a report of VAC®\ntherapy use in order to stimulate further studies and to\ndefine the level of evidence of VAC® therapy.
THE DEBATE OVER AUDIBLE PEDESTRIAN SIGNALS (1989)

The U.S. Congress has been holding hearings on proposed legislation entitled the Americans with Disabilities Act. This is legislation relating to improvements in transportation to accommodate the disabled. The testimony of James Gashel, Director of Governmental Affairs for the National Federation of the Blind, before the House Subcommittee on Surface Transportation of the Committee on Public Works and Transportation is of particular interest to those considering audible traffic signals for the visually impaired pedestrian. Mr. Gashel's testimony addressed, among other things, a type of discrimination against the blind that may be manifested in such engineered facilities as audible traffic signals. His testimony reminds us that it is not always easy, nor wise, to serve the needs of others without a critical examination of the views of those we attempt to serve. Mr. Gashel uses audible traffic signals as an example of discrimination when he says: ...some people now assume that blind people cannot cross street intersections without special signaling devices. The devices are audible traffic signals which emit a sound cue to indicate the changing of the traffic lights. The cue is a beeping or electronic noise intended to imitate a bird-call. The modification has been promoted by persons who assume that blind people will not know when or where to cross the street if they are not given a special audible cue. But rather than being a form of assistance to the blind, this adaptation falsely presumes that blindness is an impairment to street crossing. The fact is that blind people cross streets by themselves every day without audible traffic signals. We have been doing so ever since cars, street crossings, and traffic lights were invented. The sound of the traffic and the direction of its flow give plenty of information. An audible traffic signal adds nothing, and many blind people say that the additional sounds only confuse them. Most significantly, this modification implies that the blind cannot cross ordinary streets. In this respect, it is a damaging and false public statement that the blind are disabled in ways that they are not.
Condensation von Malonsäure mit aromatischen Aldehyden durch Ammoniak und Amine (1898)

1) Ich hake es fiir wahrscheinlich,
Extended iron phthalocyanine islands self-assembled on a Ge(001):H surface (2021)

Self-assembly of iron(II) phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules on a Ge(001):H surface results in monolayer islands extending over hundreds of nanometers and comprising upright-oriented entities. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals a transport gap of 2.70 eV in agreement with other reports regarding isolated FePc molecules. Detailed analysis of single FePc molecules trapped at surface defects indicates that the molecules stay intact upon adsorption and can be manipulated away from surface defects onto a perfectly hydrogenated surface. This allows for their isolation from the germanium surface.
Th17 Immunity in Patients with Allergic Asthma (2009)

Our results suggest that besides predominant Th2 immunity, abnormal Th17 immunity may be also involved in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
Aspirin at any dose above 30 mg offers only modest protection after cerebral ischaemia. (1996)

There is continuing debate about the relative efficacy of low (< 100 mg per day), medium (300 to 325 mg per day), and high (> 900 mg per day) doses of aspirin in patients after a transient ischaemic attack or non-disabling stroke. The purpose of this study was to resolve the issue. Thus a minimeta-analysis was performed on data from 10 randomised trials of aspirin only v control treatment in 6171 patients after a transient ischaemic attack or nondisabling stroke. The data on the trials were listed in an appendix of the report on the second cycle of the Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. There was virtually no difference in relative risk reduction for low, medium, and high doses of aspirin (13%, 9%, and 14% respectively). This equivalence corresponds with the results of the UK-TIA trial in a direct comparison of 300 and 1200 mg. The Dutch TIA trial showed no difference in efficacy of 30 and 283 mg. It is concluded that aspirin at any dose above 30 mg daily prevents 13% (95% confidence interval 4-21) of vascular events and that there is a need for more efficacious drugs.
<title>UAVs as communications routing nodes</title> (2000)

ABSTRACT Keywords: wireless networking, Common Data Link, network centric, unmanned aerial vehicle, ATM, Quality of Service,TCP/IP 1. INTRODUCTION L-3 Communication Systems-West (L-3 CSW) has fielded a series of high speed wireless, wideband, data links suitable foruse in warfare. These data links offer high bandwidth and robust operation in hostile environments. As the United States andher allies rely further on fast decision loops and comprehensive intelligence to multiply their force s effectiveness, these datalinks become increasingly valuable.An architecture with high bandwidth capacity allows the warfighter to separate the strike forces from the sensors, yet stillallow the combined forces to achieve very tight decision loops. For example, a strike fighter force must be provided the highresolution target data (both primary and secondary targets) before the mission and use it at their base for mission planning.Conversely, a force re-targeting and attacking targets of opportunity must carry on board sensors to allow fast targetrecognition and acquisition when the strike orders change during the mission. With wireless, high bandwidth data links to astrike fighter force, the updated location and imagery can be passed to the cockpit in flight, reducing reaction time and bette rutilizing resources.Concepts like Network Centric Warfare (NCW) allow industrialized western nations to reap the advantages of ourinformation dominance. Information dominance must be based on communications dominance . NCW requires a highlyinterconnected chain of command. Combat units with direct access, or quick access, to imagery and other data enjoy greatersituational awareness and thus higher combat effectiveness. A tightly integrated communications architecture also supportsprecision strikes from standoff weapons platforms, reducing friendly casualties in the process
Regulation of Cyclin A-Cdk2 by SCF Component Skp1 and F-Box Protein Skp2 (1999)

Cyclin A-Cdk2 complexes bind to Skp1 and Skp2 during S phase, but the function of Skp1 and Skp2 is unclear. Skp1, together with F-box proteins like Skp2, are part of ubiquitin-ligase E3 complexes that target many cell cycle regulators for ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis. In this study, we investigated the potential regulation of cyclin A-Cdk2 activity by Skp1 and Skp2. We found that Skp2 can inhibit the kinase activity of cyclin A-Cdk2 in vitro, both by direct inhibition of cyclin A-Cdk2 and by inhibition of the activation of Cdk2 by cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-activating kinase phosphorylation. Only the kinase activity of Cdk2, not of that of Cdc2 or Cdk5, is reduced by Skp2. Skp2 is phosphorylated by cyclin A-Cdk2 on residue Ser76, but nonphosphorylatable mutants of Skp2 can still inhibit the kinase activity of cyclin A-Cdk2 toward histone H1. The F box of Skp2 is required for binding to Skp1, and both the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of Skp2 are involved in binding to cyclin A-Cdk2. Furthermore, Skp2 and the CDK inhibitor p21(Cip1/WAF1) bind to cyclin A-Cdk2 in a mutually exclusive manner. Overexpression of Skp2, but not Skp1, in mammalian cells causes a G1/S cell cycle arrest.
Exact and approximate algorithms for the index selection problem in physical database design (1995)

The index selection problem (ISP) is an important optimization problem in the physical design of databases. The aim of this paper is to show that ISP, although NP-hard, can in practice be solved effectively through well-designed algorithms. We formulate ISP as a 0-1 integer linear program and describe an exact branch-and-bound algorithm based on the linear programming relaxation of the model. The performance of the algorithm is enhanced by means of procedures to reduce the size of the candidate index set. We also describe heuristic algorithms based on the solution of a suitably defined knapsack subproblem and on Lagrangian decomposition. Finally, computational results on several classes of test problems are given. We report the exact solution of large-scale ISP instances involving several hundred indexes and queries. We also evaluate one of the heuristic algorithms we propose on very large-scale instances involving several thousand indexes and queries and show that it consistently produces very tight approximate (and sometimes provably optimal) solutions. Finally, we discuss possible extensions and future directions of research.
Oestrogen receptor beta is the predominant oestrogen receptor in human scalp skin (2003)

Oestrogens play a major role in non-classic target tissues in both sexes, yet there have been few studies on estrogens and skin. Recently a second oestrogen receptor (ERbeta) has been discovered. Therefore, we have compared the expression of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha), beta (ERbeta), the androgen receptor (AR) and a cell proliferation marker in male and female non-balding scalp skin. ERbeta was the major steroid receptor expressed in human skin. It was highly expressed in epidermis, blood vessels and dermal fibroblasts, in contrast to ERalpha and AR. In the hair follicle, ERbeta expression was localized to nuclei of outer root sheath, epithelial matrix and dermal papilla cells, in contrast to ERalpha, and the AR, which was only expressed in dermal papilla cells. Serial sections also showed strong nuclear expression of ERbeta in the cells of the bulge, while neither ERalpha nor AR was expressed. In the sebaceous gland, ERbeta was expressed in both basal and partially differentiated sebocytes. ERalpha exhibited a similar pattern of expression, while the AR was expressed in the basal and very early differentiated sebocytes. There was no obvious difference in the expression of either oestrogen receptor in male or female skin. The wide distribution of ERbeta in human skin suggests that oestrogens may play an important role in the maintenance of skin and in the regulation of the pilosebaceous unit, and provides further evidence for oestrogen action in non-classic target tissues. The differential expression of ERalpha, ERbeta and AR in human skin suggests that the mechanisms by which steroid hormones mediate their effects may be more complex than previously thought.
ARPP: An Augmented Reality 3D ping-pong game system on Android mobile platform (2014)

Ping-pong is a very popular physical game all over the world. People need to play it in some fixed physical locations. Based on Augmented Reality (AR) technology, we provide a more interesting and convenient way for people to play ping-pong game on smartphones. In this paper, we propose an Augmented Reality 3D Ping-Pong game system (ARPP) for two players on Android platform through Wi-Fi Direct. The game is rendered when two players aim their phones' camera at a specific marker. The players can view the virtual table tennis scenario through the screen of their smartphones. They move their phones to control paddles to play ping-pong game. The experiment results show that the proposed game system can work effectively and provide winner results on two Android mobile devices.
Combined Effects of CO<sub>2</sub> and Light on the N<sub>2</sub>-Fixing Cyanobacterium <i>Trichodesmium</i> IMS101: A Mechanistic View (2010)

The marine diazotrophic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium responds to elevated atmospheric CO(2) partial pressure (pCO(2)) with higher N(2) fixation and growth rates. To unveil the underlying mechanisms, we examined the combined influence of pCO(2) (150 and 900 microatm) and light (50 and 200 micromol photons m(-2) s(-1)) on Trichodesmium IMS101. We expand on a complementary study that demonstrated that while elevated pCO(2) enhanced N(2) fixation and growth, oxygen evolution and carbon fixation increased mainly as a response to high light. Here, we investigated changes in the photosynthetic fluorescence parameters of photosystem II, in ratios of the photosynthetic units (photosystem I:photosystem II), and in the pool sizes of key proteins involved in the fixation of carbon and nitrogen as well as their subsequent assimilation. We show that the combined elevation in pCO(2) and light controlled the operation of the CO(2)-concentrating mechanism and enhanced protein activity without increasing their pool size. Moreover, elevated pCO(2) and high light decreased the amounts of several key proteins (NifH, PsbA, and PsaC), while amounts of AtpB and RbcL did not significantly change. Reduced investment in protein biosynthesis, without notably changing photosynthetic fluxes, could free up energy that can be reallocated to increase N(2) fixation and growth at elevated pCO(2) and light. We suggest that changes in the redox state of the photosynthetic electron transport chain and posttranslational regulation of key proteins mediate the high flexibility in resources and energy allocation in Trichodesmium. This strategy should enable Trichodesmium to flourish in future surface oceans characterized by elevated pCO(2), higher temperatures, and high light.
Expression of a Micro-protein (2001)

The smallest known open reading frame encodes the ribosomal protein L41, which in yeast is composed of only 24 amino acids, 17 of which are arginine or lysine. Because of the unique problems that might attend the translation of such a short open reading frame, we have investigated the properties and the translation of the mRNAs encoding L41. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae L41 is encoded by two linked genes, RPL41A and RPL41B. These genes give rise to mRNAs that have short 5' leaders of 18 and 22 nucleotides and rather long 3' leaders of 203 and 210 nucleotides not including their poly(A) tails. The mRNAs are translated exclusively on monosomes, suggesting that ribosomes do not remain attached to the mRNA after termination of translation. Calculations based on the abundance of ribosomes and of L41 mRNA indicate that the entire translation event, from initiation through termination, must occur in approximately 2 s. Termination of translation after only 25 codons does not subject the mRNAs encoding L41 to nonsense-mediated decay. Surprisingly, despite the L41 ribosomal protein being conserved from the archaea through the mammalia, S. cerevisiae can grow relatively normally after deletion of both RPL41A and RPL41B.
Finding zeroes of maps: homotopy methods that are constructive with probability one (1978)

We illustrate that most existence theorems using degree theory are in principle relatively constructive. The first one presented here is the Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem. Our method is "constructive with probability one" and can be implemented by computer. Other existence theorems are also proved by the same method. The approach is based on a transversality theorem.
Auffallend ist es mir gewesen dass Herr Freyer in einem Artikel der Zeitung Sphinx Esulae für eine gute Art erklärt (1841)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Cooperative bimetallic catalysis in asymmetric transformations (2012)

The efficient synthesis of enantioenriched compounds is becoming increasingly important in modern organic, pharmaceutical, and materials chemistry. Recently, chiral cooperative bimetallic catalysts have emerged as a powerful tool to achieve high efficiency and selectivity in asymmetric transformations. This tutorial review highlights strategies and recent advances in cooperative bimetallic catalysts which have been developed for a variety of asymmetric transformations.
Biological activities of bovine glycomacropeptide (2000)

Biological activity of bovine kappa-caseino glycomacropeptide (GMP) has received much attention in recent years. Research has focused on the ability of GMP to bind cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins, inhibit bacterial and viral adhesion, suppress gastric secretions, promote bifidobacterial growth and modulate immune system responses. Of these, protection against toxins, bacteria, and viruses and modulation of the immune system are the most promising applications.
A Surface Enolase Participates in Borrelia burgdorferi-Plasminogen Interaction and Contributes to Pathogen Survival within Feeding Ticks (2011)

Borrelia burgdorferi, a tick-borne bacterial pathogen, causes a disseminated infection involving multiple organs known as Lyme disease. Surface proteins can directly participate in microbial virulence by facilitating pathogen dissemination via interaction with host factors. We show here that a fraction of the B. burgdorferi chromosomal gene product BB0337, annotated as enolase or phosphopyruvate dehydratase, is associated with spirochete outer membrane and is surface exposed. B. burgdorferi enolase, either in a recombinant form or as a membrane-bound native antigen, displays enzymatic activities intrinsic to the glycolytic pathway. However, the protein also interacts with host plasminogen, potentially leading to its activation and resulting in B. burgdorferi-induced fibrinolysis. As expected, enolase displayed consistent expression in vivo, however, with a variable temporal and spatial expression during spirochete infection in mice and ticks. Despite an extracellular exposure of the antigen and a potential role in host-pathogen interaction, active immunization of mice with recombinant enolase failed to evoke protective immunity against subsequent B. burgdorferi infection. In contrast, enolase immunization of murine hosts significantly reduced the acquisition of spirochetes by feeding ticks, suggesting that the protein could have a stage-specific role in B. burgdorferi survival in the feeding vector. Strategies to interfere with the function of surface enolase could contribute to the development of novel preventive measures to interrupt the spirochete infection cycle and reduce the incidences of Lyme disease.
An improved calibration technique for free-space measurement of complex permittivity (2001)

A calibration technique for free-space measurement of the permittivity and conductivity has been developed, taking account of antenna-medium coupling. Thus, the accuracy is improved compared to previously used calibration. Two examples are given to illustrate this improvement.