gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Novel Combined Anticalcification Protocols Including Immunologic Modification for Prolonged Durability of Cardiac Xenograft (2014)

Cardiac xenografts are conventionally cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to impart tissue stability, reduce antigenicity, and maintain tissue sterility. However, GA-fixed xenografts are prone to calcification after long-term implantation in humans, because of phospholipids, free aldehyde groups, and residual antigenicity. We evaluated preclinical safety and efficacy using large-animal long-term circulatory models for our novel combined anticalcification protocol including immunological modification, which had been proven effective in small animal experiments. Bovine/porcine xenografts were treated with decellularization, immunological modification with α-galactosidase, GA fixation with organic solvent, and detoxification with glycine. Valve conduits made of these xenografts were transplanted into the pulmonary root of goats, and hemodynamic, radiological, immunohistopathological, and biochemical results were obtained for 12 months after implantation. Evaluation of echocardiography and cardiac catheterization demonstrated good hemodynamic status and function of the pulmonary xenograft valves. Durability of the xenografts was well preserved without calcification by specimen radiography and immunohistopathological examination. The calcium concentrations of the explanted xenografts were lower than the control xenografts. This preclinical study using large-animal long-term circulatory models demonstrated that our synergistic and simultaneous employment of multiple anticalcification therapies and novel tissue treatments, including immunological modifications, have promising safety and efficacy and should be examined further in future clinical studies.
Costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in the rat; tissue distribution and expression by antigen-presenting cells (1998)

The CD28-CD80/CD86 costimulatory pathway provides a critical signal for T cell activation. Only recently rat CD80 and CD86 have been cloned and monoclonal antibodies have been generated. In this study we examined the expression of these molecules in lymphoid tissue and on purified subsets of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The target tissue of cyclosporin A-induced autoimmunity, i.e. the skin and tongue, were also examined for expression of CD80 and CD86. Whereas CD80 was hardly detected in the lymphoid tissues, CD86 was clearly expressed by non-lymphoid cells in the thymus, as well as in the secondary lymphoid organs. With respect to lymphoid cells, only germinal center B cells exhibited clear CD86 expression. Phenotypic analysis by flow cytometry revealed that only dendritic cells, both of thymic and splenic origin, expressed the full array of stimulatory molecules required for the proper activation of naive T cells. On development of cyclosporin A-induced autoimmunity, non-professional APC, i.e. epithelial cells, started to express MHC class II, but not the costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86. However, CD86 staining was observed in the target tissue and was associated with Langerhans cells as well as infiltrating leukocytes. Altogether, our results show that also in the rat strong stimulatory capacity for primary immune responses is associated with the expression of the costimulatory ligands CD80 and CD86. As concluded from the in situ expression CD86 may be the predominant costimulatory ligand early in immune responses.
Tough on tissues (2008)

President of the Institute for Safe Medication Practices The reports described in Medication Errors were received through the USP-ISMP Medication Errors Reporting Program. Report errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions to the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) at http://www.ismp.org or the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) at http://www.usp.org. You can also call ISMP at 1-800-FAIL SAFE or send an e-mail message to [email protected]. Michael R. Cohen is a member of the Nursing2008 editorial advisory board.
Pulse delay and speed-up of ultra fast pulses in an absorbing quantum well medium (2008)

Slow down and speed-up of 180 fs pulses in an absorbing semiconductor beyond the existing models is observed. Cascading gain and absorbing sections give us significant temporal pulse shifting at almost constant output pulse energy.
Spectroscopy with shaped femtosecond pulses: styles for the 1990s (1990)

Timed sequences of femtosecond pulses produced by pulse-shaping techniques have been used to achieve improved optical control over molecular motion in crystalline solids. Selected lattice vibrational modes in an organic molecular crystal have been driven repetitively by appropriately timed pulse sequences in a manner analogous to that in which a child on a swing is pushed repetitively with timed mechanical forces. Repetitive driving with a pulse sequence results in larger lattice vibrational amplitudes and improved modeselectivity compared to driving with a single pulse. Numerous applications of pulseshaping techniques in femtosecond spectroscopy are anticipated.
Acquiring Torque and Rotational Speed Data From a Stationary Bicycle for Undergraduate Teaching (2007)

A laboratory module was recently developed for an introductory experimental course for sophomore mechanical and aerospace engineering students. The goal of this laboratory is to provide the students with an understanding of digital data acquisition systems for measuring torque and angular velocity in real time. The laboratory comprises of a stationary exercise bicycle, adapted to house a torquemeter on its front axle, an optical tachometer, the data acquisition system and software which converts a computer into a virtual instrument. A group of two or three students is rotated through the laboratory as part of a larger number of laboratory modules. The students access the experiment via the virtual instrument. The experiment requires a student to ride the bicycle. The data acquired are then subsequently analyzed by the students who are required to write individual laboratory reports.
Diabetes and stem cells according to (2004)

Type 1 diabetes is caused by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet b-cells. Management of this disease is burdensome both to the individual and society, costing over $100 billion annually. Shortage of pancreatic tissue, together with a lifetime requirement of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent rejection and recurrent disease, remain as major hurdles yet to be overcome prior to widespread applicability. Stem cells, with their potential of developing into pancreatic b-cells, appear to be the best prospect for overcoming the islet shortage. Current investigation, however (both embryonic and adult stem cells), is still in the preliminary stage and several more years remain before they can potentially be used in the clinical setting. Procedures that reduce in vitro manipulation of cells and allow stem cells to develop into islets in vivo are crucial. Furthermore, the regeneration of existing islets is a distinct possibility. Simplistically, it might be hypothesized that down-regulation of autoimmunity may give the pancreas the breathing space to regenerate islets. Supplementation with factors known to induce b-cell replication and neogenesis might further augment the regenerative processes. Clearly, islet-regeneration research will soon match the level of interest currently focused on in vitro stem cell-based approaches.
Sensitization and Stress Corrosion Cracking of Alloy 800H in High-Temperature Water (2009)

The present study seeks to determine the applicability of the widely recommended ASTM A262, Practice C “Huey” test for sensitization in predicting intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) performance of Alloy 800H (UNS N08810) in high-purity, superheated aqueous environments. Samples of Alloy 800H with a carbon content of 0.074 mass% were sensitized at 704°C for 24 h. Two samples of this heat treatment, as well as 20% cold-worked, mill-annealed material, were tested by measuring IGSCC crack growth rate in precracked compact tension samples under trapezoidal loading in 2,000 ppb O2 water at 288°C. Samples of the same heat of Alloy 800H were subjected to additional sensitization heat treatments to determine the worst-case degree of sensitization via the Huey test. These samples were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to characterize the Cr-depleted zone. The IGSCC test showed that the sensitized material exhibited a markedly high resistance to SCC despite degrees of sensitization nearly twice that of the Huey test failure criterion, in which grain boundary Cr content was measured as 14 at%. These results served to invalidate the Huey test as an acceptable method of determining SCC resistance in high-purity, superheated aqueous environments.
Proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2 and Src kinase signaling transduce monosodium urate crystal–induced nitric oxide production and matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression in chondrocytes (2004)

In chondrocytes, MSU crystals activate a signaling kinase cascade typically employed by adhesion receptors that involves upstream Src and FAK family activation and downstream p38 activation. In this cascade, Pyk-2, Src, and p38 kinases transduce MSU-induced NO production and MMP-3 expression. Our results identify Pyk-2 and c-Src as novel sites for potential therapeutic intervention in cartilage degradation in chronic gout.
Laser Ultrasonic Array System for Real-Time Cure Monitoring of Polymer-Matrix Composites (2002)

A laser ultrasonic system for real-time cure monitoring of a graphite-epoxy composite is proposed. The system contains an array of fiberized laser ultrasonic sources, and an embedded fiber optic Sagnac ultrasonic sensor, and is integrated with a Resin Transfer Molding machine. The use of an optical switch allows ultrasonic generation at several locations of the composite part. Ultrasound generated by the laser source is transmitted into the composite and is detected by the embedded sensor. The cure state is inferred from measurements of ultrasonic velocity. The results of ultrasonic measurements during manufacturing of a composite specimen are presented. The laser ultrasonic cure monitoring system described in this paper has the ability tooperate in a high temperature and high pressure environment; is small enough to be incorporated into molds; and measures the cure state at several locations within the composite part.
Beam combining using a phased array of phased arrays (PAPA) (2005)

Mobile free space optical (MFSO) networks introduce new challenges for laser communication terminals. Network capabilities, such as packet routing where different information packets are sent to different locations, require switchable links. Also, switchable links are needed to route an information packet through different channels to the same destination. For MFSO networks, the ability to route information through different channels greatly aids reliability because any one channel can be disrupted by weather conditions. To have the ability to route around obstructions, the mobile platforms have to act as hubs, communicating with a number of remote terminals. Since these terminals are all in motion, the challenge is to acquire and track multiple terminals from a single platform without requiring a full duplication of hardware for each link. To reduce hardware duplication, a significant improvement in scanning flexibility is needed. Improvement is being pursued through the development of nonmechanical optical phased arrays (OPAs). This work discusses the ability to combine several OPAs to generate and independently control one or more beams from a common aperture.
Insulin Binding to Isolated Human Adipocytes (1974)

In order to study the binding of insulin to insulin-sensitive human tissue, we isolated adipocytes from surgically obtained human fat tissue. Our data demonstrate that insulin readily and specifically binds to isolated adipocytes. The time course of this reaction indicates that steady state binding conditions occur at forty-five minutes, with a subsequent decline in binding later. There is no appreciable insulin or receptor degradation before forty-five minutes, suggesting a true equilibrium. After forty-five minutes the decline in binding can be accounted for by insulin plus receptor degradation. At 3 × 10−11 M 125-I-insulin and 2 × 105 cells per milliliter, 1.8 to 2.4 per cent of the 125-I-insulin was bound. The specificity of this binding reaction is demonstrated by the high concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone and human growth hormone that are without effect on binding, while proinsulin and desalanine insulin inhibit binding in proportion to their biologic activity. On the other hand, binding can be readily inhibited by porcine insulin at physiologic concentrations, i.e. binding is 13 per cent inhibited at 1 ng. per milliliter and 50 per cent inhibited at 8.6 ng. per milliliter. The kinetic behavior of this reaction can be approximated by Scatchard analysis, which indicates 50,000 high affinity sites per cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 1.9 × 10−9 M per liter and 250,000 low affinity sites per cell with a Kd of 8 × 10−9 M per liter. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate and characterize the binding of insulin to normal isolated human adipocytes; they indicate that the study of insulin-adipocyte binding is a possible means to gain further insight into the mechanism of altered response to insulin in human disease states.
Neuere Synthesen mit Kohlenmonoxyd (1960)

Abstract Die Verwendung des Kohlenoxyds in der Oxo‐Synthese sowie des Kohlenoxyds und des Acetylens in der Synthese der Acrylsäure haben für Wissenschaft und Technik ein weites Arbeitsgebiet eröffnet. Der Mechanismus dieser Synthesen ist in den letzten Jahren eingehend untersucht worden 1 . Es wird über neue Reaktionen von Chlorallyl‐Verbindungen mit CO und Acetylen in Gegenwart von Nickelcarbonyl berichtet, bei denen insbes. ungesättigte Carbonsäuren erhalten wurden.
Investigation of Turbulators for Fire Tube Boilers (1985)

This paper summarizes an experimental study of three popular “turbulator” inserts for fire tube boilers. An electrically heated flow facility was developed to deliver hot air to a water-cooled steel tube instrumented to derive sectional average heat transfer coefficients for four regions of the tube. Reference data for the empty tube are in excellent agreement with the accepted correlation. Two commercial turbulators, consisting of narrow, thin metal strips bent and twisted in zig-zag fashion to allow periodic contact with the tube wall, displayed 135 and 175 percent increases in heat transfer coefficient at a Reynolds number of 10,000. A third commercial turbulator, consisting of a twisted strip with width slightly less than tube diameter, provided a 65 percent increase in heat transfer coefficient. The friction factor increases accompanying these heat transfer coefficient increases were 1110, 1000, and 160 percent, respectively, for the same Reynolds number. These data should be useful in assessing overall performance gains to be expected when turbulators are used in actual boilers.
Resonator coils for magnetic resonance imaging at 6 MHz (1988)

The Alderman and Grant design of the slotted tube resonator has been modified with a different lumped capacitor distribution to obviate the need for a balanced electrical feed at low frequencies (6 MHz). A saddle coil resonator and a strip line resonator have been tuned with similar lumped capacitor distributions to obtain electrically balanced resonance.
Spinal fusion in the athlete. (1993)

Although there are a few anecdotal descriptions of the athlete who has gone on to win fame and fortune following a successful spinal fusion, there has been little, if any, scientific data available to aid the surgeon in his treatment of these highly motivated patients. At present, there is no guide to patient selection or to the operative procedure of choice. There is no standard postoperative rehabilitation program, and to date, an outcome study is sadly lacking. Therefore, it is worthwhile to look into this subject in greater detail.
CXXXV. Angular distribution of neutrons from the reaction<i><sup>11</sup>B(d, n)<sup>12</sup>C</i>at<i>0·85<scp>m</scp>e<scp>v</scp></i>bombarding energy (1954)

Summary Angular distributions and energy spectra of neutrons from 11B(d, n)12C have been measured at 0·85 mev bombarding energy, using the photographic plate technique. Energy levels in 12C are found at 4·4, 7·7, 9·6 and 12·7 mev. The stripping process is suggested to be responsible for a large part of the neutron yield. The orbital angular momentum of the captured proton has been determined as lp = 1 and 2 for the 4·4 mev and 9·6 mev level respectively.
T-Cache: a Fast Cache Manager for Pipeline Time-Series Data (2007)

Intelligent pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) are inspection vehicles that move along within a (gas or oil) pipeline and acquire signals (also called sensor data) from their surrounding rings of sensors. By analyzing the signals captured in intelligent PIGs, we can detect pipeline defects, such as holes and curvatures and other potential causes of gas explosions. There are two major data access patterns apparent when an analyzer accesses the pipeline signal data. The first is a sequential pattern where an analyst reads the sensor data one time only in a sequential fashion. The second is the repetitive pattern where an analyzer repeatedly reads the signal data within a fixed range; this is the dominant pattern in analyzing the signal data. The existing PIG software reads signal data directly from the server at every user#s request, requiring network transfer and disk access cost. It works well only for the sequential pattern, but not for the more dominant repetitive pattern. This problem becomes very serious in a client/server environment where several analysts analyze the signal data concurrently. To tackle this problem, we devise a fast in-memory cache manager, called T-Cache, by considering pipeline sensor data as multiple time-series data and by efficiently caching the time-series data at T-Cache. To the best of the authors# knowledge, this is the first research on caching pipeline signals on the client-side. We propose a new concept of the signal cache line as a caching unit, which is a set of time-series signal data for a fixed distance. We also provide the various data structures including smart cursors and algorithms used in T-Cache. Experimental results show that T-Cache performs much better for the repetitive pattern in terms of disk I/Os and the elapsed time. Even with the sequential pattern, T-Cache shows almost the same performance as a system that does not use any caching, indicating the caching overhead in T-Cache is negligible.
<title>Charge trapping in polymer electroluminescent devices</title> (1997)

We report studies focusing on the nature of trap states present in single layer ITO/polymer/metal devices of poly(p- phenylene vinylene) and its soluble derivative poly(2,5- dialkoxy-p-phenylene vinylene). In the high applied bias regime the IV characteristics from 11 to 290K can be successfully modeled by space charge limited current (SCLC) theory with an exponential trap distribution, giving a trap density of between 10<SUP>18</SUP> and 4 X 10<SUP>17</SUP> cm<SUP>-3</SUP> and a characteristic energy E<SUB>t</SUB> of 0.15 eV. Measured conductance transients of PPV are non-exponential and follow a power-law relationship with time whose decay rate decreases with decreasing temperature. This can be directly related to the emptying of the trap distribution deduced from the SCLC analysis. Due to variations in structure, conformation and environment, the polymer LUMO and HOMO density of states form a Gaussian distribution of chain energy sites. The sites involved in carrier transport are those towards the center of the distribution. The deep sites in the tail of the distribution in the carrier energy gap are the observed traps for both positive and negative carriers. The same deep sites dominate the photo- and electroluminescence emission spectra. The model implies that the emissive material in organic light emitting diodes should be made as structurally disordered as possible.
The Potential Benefits of Filtering Versus Hyper-Parameter Optimization (2014)

The quality of an induced model by a learning algorithm is dependent on the quality of the training data and the hyper-parameters supplied to the learning algorithm. Prior work has shown that improving the quality of the training data (i.e., by removing low quality instances) or tuning the learning algorithm hyper-parameters can significantly improve the quality of an induced model. A comparison of the two methods is lacking though. In this paper, we estimate and compare the potential benefits of filtering and hyper-parameter optimization. Estimating the potential benefit gives an overly optimistic estimate but also empirically demonstrates an approximation of the maximum potential benefit of each method. We find that, while both significantly improve the induced model, improving the quality of the training set has a greater potential effect than hyper-parameter optimization.
SEARCHING FOR NEUTRAL HYDROGEN HALOS AROUND<i>z</i>∼ 2.1 AND<i>z</i>∼ 3.1 Lyα EMITTING GALAXIES (2013)

We search for evidence of diffuse Ly-alpha emission from extended neutral hydrogen surrounding Ly-alpha emitting galaxies (LAEs) using deep narrow-band images of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South. By stacking the profiles of 187 LAEs at z = 2.06, 241 LAEs at z = 3.10, and 179 LAEs at z = 3.12, and carefully performing low-surface brightness photometry, we obtain mean surface brightness maps that reach 9.9, 8.7, and 6.2 * 10^{-19} ergs cm^{-2} s^{-1} arcsec^{-2} in the emission line. We undertake a thorough investigation of systematic uncertainties in our surface brightness measurements, and find that our limits are 5--10 times larger than would be expected from Poisson background fluctuations; these uncertainties are often underestimated in the literature. At z ~ 3.1, we find evidence for extended halos with small scale lengths of 5--8 kpc in some, but not all of our sub-samples. We demonstrate that sub-samples of LAEs with low equivalent widths and brighter continuum magnitudes are more likely to possess such halos. At z ~ 2.1, we find no evidence of extended Ly-alpha emission down to our detection limits. Through Monte-Carlo simulations, we also show that we would have detected large diffuse LAE halos if they were present in our data sets. We compare these findings to other measurements in the literature, and discuss possible instrumental and astrophysical reasons for the discrepancies.
High-silica, heulandite-type zeolites prepared by direct synthesis and topotactic condensation (2015)

High-silica heulandites prepared <italic>via</italic> topotactic condensation and direct synthesis that exhibit robust thermal stability, opening possibilities for new applications.
Use of laser fluorescence for the early detection of dental caries (1998)

Dental caries continues to be the most prevalent oral disease in spite of remarkable progress made during the past half- century to reduce its prevalence. Conventional procedures for caries detection are unable to detect the lesions until they are well advanced and involve about one-third of the thickness of enamel. Laboratory research on alternative caries detection methods based upon alterations in the conductance and optical properties associated with enamel demineralization has shown significant promise in recent years. Of these alternative measures, quantitative laser/light fluorescence appears to show the greatest promise for the detection of dental caries at a much earlier stage of development than is currently possible. A clinical trial was initiated in 150 children to evaluate, compare and validate several caries detection methods; in addition to the conventional diagnostic procedure, these detection methods involved quantitative light fluorescence, electrical conductivity, and direct digital radiography. Although the clinical trial is not yet complete, early results suggest the possibility for the earlier detection of dental caries with these alternative methods.