gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide: Mediator of nonadrenergic noncholinergic hyperpolarization of opossum esophageal circular smooth muscle (1991)

The electromyogram recorded from circular smooth muscle (SM) of opossum esophagus, either during peristalsis or when the intrinsic esophageal nerves are stimulated by an electrical field (EFS), consists of a hyperpolarization followed by a depolarization. This membrane response results from the interaction of a nonadrenergic-noncholinergic (NANC) neurotransmitter with its receptors on SM membrane. N{sup G}-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide (NO) were used to test the hypothesis that NO is a mediator of this NANC nerve-induced response. The transmembrane potential difference of circular SM cells of opossum esophagus was recorded with glass microelectrode. The nerve-mediated membrane response was evoked by EFS. L-NNA (50uM) abolished the initial hyperpolarization and reduced the amplitude of and the time to maximal depolarization. L-arginine (1mM), the substrate for NO synthase, antagonized the effect of L-NNA. Neither L-NNA nor L-arginine altered the resting membrane potential. Exogenous NO produced hyperpolarization of SM membrane potential and attenuated the amplitude of EFS-induced hyperpolarization and depolarization. Nitrosocysteine, a NO-containing compound, also hyperpolarized the membrane potential. Effect of NO was neither blocked by L-NNA nor by TTX. The data support the hypothesis that NO or an NO-containing compound mediates NANC nerve-induced responses of the esophageal SMmore » membrane.« less
Mutagenic Activity of 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-Oxide (1962)

No.11 1127 presence of dil.sulfuric acid or BF3-etherate afforded a monoacetate (IV b), m.p. 160-161°, 〔α 〕D+3.9°, on standing at room temperature.Oxidation of (III) in acetone solution with ca.two equiv.moles of Jones's reagent 4) (the same reagent was used for all oxidation processes in this work) gave 10β-formyl-
Oxidation chemistry of chloric acid in NOx/SOx and air toxic metal removal from gas streams (1996)

Abstract Chloric acid, HClO 3 , is a new oxidizer which has recently been shown to be an effective agent in the simultaneous removal of NOx and/or SOx from combustion flue gases and various chemical processes, including nitrations and metal pickling. Aqueous chloric acid readily reacts with NO and SO 2 even in dilute solutions at ambient temperatures. Chlorine dioxide, ClO 2 , is formed as a chemical intermediate in the solution phase oxidation reactions. The oxidation by‐products of NO include NO 2 and nitric acid. The ClO 2 generated from the solution phase reactions also participates in gas phase oxidation reactions with NO and NO 2 . The combined solution phase and fast gas phase reaction chemistries provide the means for creating a new type of high performance NOx/SOx removal process. Wet scrubber based pilot plant tests have demonstrated up to 99% removal of NO. Additional recent research work has shown that chloric acid is an effective reagent for the removal of air toxic metals, such as elemental mercury, which are present in the waste gas output streams from incinerators, hydrogen from mercury cell chlor‐alkali plants, and flue gases of coal‐fired power plants. Work in this area is being conducted by Argonne National Laboratories and Olin. This paper discusses the oxidation chemistry of chloric acid and its unique solution and gas phase reactions with NO, SO 2 , and air toxics in wet scrubber type process equipment.
A mechanical reliability assessment of solder joints (2002)

A mechanical reliability of the solder joints is a serious concern. Intermetallic compounds are formed during reflow process between solder and electrical pads and gradually grow in service. Due to it's brittle manner, the reliability of solder joints are supposed to degenerate. By using the Cu-plates on which Cu or Ni or Ni+Au plating was deposited, and solders (Sn-Pb solders or Sn-Ag-Cu solders), specimens of solder joints were fabricated. After aging it in an isothermal chamber, tensile tests were performed and the relationships between solder joint strength and aging period were considered. From SEM microscope observation and EDX microprobe analysis, the growth and components of the intermetallic compounds layer were examined. To investigate the stress condition on the solder joint interface, the finite element analysis was also carried out.
Abstract 12263: Loss of p47phox Subunit of NADPH Oxidase Enhances Susceptibility to Biomechanical Stress: Novel Role Of p47phox in the Regulation of Cortactin and Actin Filaments (2012)

Background: The classical phagocyte NADPH oxidase (gp91phox or Nox2) is expressed in cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and vasculature. Nox2 activation requires membrane translocation of the p47phox subu...
Mutation in the <i>FGFR2</i> gene in a Taiwanese patient with Beare–Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome (2002)

The present authors report the first case of Beare-Stevenson syndrome in Taiwan. The patient shares several clinical characteristics of Beare-Stevenson syndrome such as cutis gyrata, cloverleaf skull, prominent eyes, cleft palate, ear defects and a protruding umbilical stump. Molecular genetic analysis of the FGFR2 gene in this patient's DNA revealed a missense A --> G mutation on nucleotide 1303 of the FGFR2 cDNA. This mutation leads to a Tyr --> Cys substitution at residue 375 located at the N-terminal end of the transmembrane domain of FGFR2. The present results are in accordance with other previously published reports and strengthen the importance of the FGFR2 gene in the pathogenesis of Beare-Stevenson syndrome.
Implementation of ML based positioning algorithms for scintillation cameras (2000)

Positioning algorithms for scintillation cameras are investigated. Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation techniques and centroid-based methods (e.g., weighted and local centroid) are evaluated. Three implementation methods to reach the two-dimensional ML solution are proposed. First, the authors investigate a 1D based recursive ML positioning algorithm. The technique overcomes the dimensional separable violation for hexagonally packed photomultiplier tube (PMT) arrays. Second, they examine a 2D based ML method that uses local PMT clusters to reduce the computational demands of full 2D ML implementation. Third, they develop a correlation method that maps event characterization vectors to the associated position. The methods are tested with data sets generated using Monte Carlo simulation and verified with experimental study. Simulation (experimental) results show that the full 2D ML algorithm is superior to the others. It has a 7(10)%, 67(47)% and 69(30)% improvement over the weighted centroid with 3% bias subtraction method in terms of spatial resolution, linearity and MSE, respectively.
Progress in the Development of Graphite- Aluminum Composites Using Liquid Infiltration Technology (1976)

The most successful techniques for producing graphite-aluminum com posites have been those that utilize liquid-metal infiltration of graphite yarn. Almost all grades and types of graphite yarn can be infiltrated; how ever, a fiber coating is required, which results in wetting and provides a diffusion barrier to inhibit aluminum carbide formation. Two fiber coating methods are discussed in detail, including the sodium pretreatment method that results in intermetallic compound formation on the fiber and a chem ical vapor deposition method that applies a titanium-boron codeposit.
Infrared Spectra of the Salts of the Dinitrososulfite Ion (Nitrosohydroxylaminesulfonates) (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfrared Spectra of the Salts of the Dinitrososulfite Ion (Nitrosohydroxylaminesulfonates)Russell S. DragoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 9, 2049–2050Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01566a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01566a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frequency Components of Vortex Induced Vibrations in Sheared Current (2012)

Vortex induced vibrations (VIV) of long flexible risers subjected to ocean currents are of vital interest to the offshore industry. Although significant efforts have been seen during the last decades, reliable prediction of this complicated fluid structure interaction phenomenon is still a challenge. The primary objective of this paper is to characterize the frequency components of VIV measured in flexible beams subjected to sheared current, and try to establish a general model for frequency participation for use in semi-empirical models for calculation of fatigue damage from VIV. Experimental data from the well known Hanøytangen tests and the Norwegian Deep-water Programme (NDP) high mode experiments have been used in this study. The present paper is mainly based on results from Ziguang Zhao (2011). Wavelet analyses are applied to reveal the frequency components in the measured signals. These analyses give information on the time-varying intensity of each active frequency at a specific position on the beam. The dominating frequency and range of other active frequencies are two key parameters from the wavelet analyses that are further used in this work. By comparing synchronic measurements from various positions along the beam, we can see that neighbor locations often will display the same time-varying peak frequency. However, the response at two positions apart form each other may be dominated by different frequencies. Hence, the time sharing concept needs to be reformulated from describing a frequency variation valid for the total length of a riser, to consider different zones separately. Based on the observation above, a combined time sharing and space sharing model is proposed. The controlling parameters in this model are an energy based parameter that ranks the participating frequencies, a threshold for a frequency candidate to become active, and the length of the excitation zone for each frequency. All parameters can easily be found for cases of practical interest.
Translational Isomerism in a [3]Catenane and a [3]Rotaxane (2002)

[structure: see text] Post-assembly covalent modification using Wittig chemistry of [2]rotaxane ylides, wherein NH(2)(+) centers in the dumbbell-shaped components are recognized by dibenzo[24]crown-8 (DB24C8) rings, has afforded a [3]catenane and a [3]rotaxane with a precise and synthetically prescribed shortage of DB24C8 rings. The nondegenerate pairs of translational isomers present in both of these interlocked molecular compounds provide the fundamental platform on which to construct sensory devices and nanochemomechanical systems.
Letter to the Editor (1997)

Yvergneaux, Jean-Pierre M.D., Ph.D.; Kint, Marc M.D.; Berghs, Bart M.D.; Reyntjens, Philippe M.D. Author Information
International Society for Bipolar Disorders Task Force on Suicide: meta‐analyses and meta‐regression of correlates of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder (2014)

This paper reports on the presence and magnitude of the correlates of suicide attempts and suicide deaths in bipolar disorder. These findings do not address causation, and the heterogeneity of data sources should limit the direct clinical ranking of correlates. Our results nonetheless support the notion of incorporating diagnosis-specific data in the development of models of understanding suicide in bipolar disorder.
Overview of research activities at Center for Power Electronics Systems (2005)

The Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) is a National Science Foundation engineering research center with members from 5 universities and 80 industry partners. The CPES vision is to develop an integrated systems approach to via the concept of the "integrated power electronic modules" (IPEMs), thereby facilitating standardized and modular design, automated manufacturing and mass production of power electronics solutions. This paper gives a brief overview of the breadth of work ongoing at CPES, and then highlights present work that is of special interest to the electric ship power systems applications.
Acid-Functionalized Amorphous Silica by Chemical Grafting−Quantitative Oxidation of Thiol Groups (2003)

This work describes the synthesis and structural features of functionalized amorphous silica with sulfonic acid groups. The approach followed involved the condensation of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane or (3-mercaptopropyl)methyldimethoxysilane and/or phenyltrimethoxysilane on the hydroxyl groups of the silica substrate followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. This oxidation reaction was effective, although some lixiviation of sulfur occurred, and the amount of S released depended on the hydrophobicity of the surface and the temperature of the treatment. The extent of oxidation of the thiol precursor, determined by photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), was moderate at ambient temperature and much more effective at 333 K. The XPS technique proved to be extremely useful not only to discriminate between the −SH and −SO3H, whose chemical shifts differ by 5 eV, but also to quantify the proportion of these species and hence the conditions that make the oxidation process quantitative. The solid samples prepared according to this grafting−oxidation methodology exhibited strong acid sites, as revealed by their performance in the esterification reaction of acetic acid by methanol in liquid phase. Activity data indicated that the reaction is accelerated in the presence of the sulfonic acid-functionalized silica catalyst, being higher than that of the reference Nafion silica composite. Finally, this grafting procedure and the methodologies to quantify and test these acid-functionalized silica materials can be applied to other substrates.
A  smart  bed for non-intrusive monitoring of patient physiological factors (2004)

In this paper we present the results of research aimed at the development of a 'smart' bed to non-intrusively monitor patient respiration, heart rate and movement using spatially distributed integrating multimode fibre optic sensors. The research is focused upon allowing more automation of patient care, an especially important matter for the elder population, which is a rapidly growing fraction of much of the world population today. Two spatially integrating fibre optic sensors were investigated, one of which was based on inter-modal interference and the other on mode conversion. The sensing fibre was integrated into a bed and test subjects were monitored in different positions. The sensor outputs were then correlated with subject movement, respiration rate and heart rate. The results indicated that the inter-modal sensor could detect patient movement and respiration rate while the mode conversion sensor could detect patient movement, respiration rate and heart rate. Results and analysis of the research are presented and future research activities discussed.
Tt Virus Infection in Hemodialysis Patients (1999)

TTV infection is remarkably prevalent in patients on HD and in healthy blood donors. It is suggested that TTV generally does not cause liver disease by itself, but there remains the possibility that TTV may aggravate liver disease caused by HCV.
Bomb-Related Injuries (1994)

Between 1980 and 1990 there were 12,216 bombing incidents in the United States, the majority involving pipe-bomb type devices. Victims of such devices may suffer a combination of blast, penetrating, and thermal injuries requiring special surgical approaches. A series of cases is presented which illustrates the management dilemmas faced in such situations. Given the nationwide incidence of bombings, both local emergency medical systems and trauma surgeons should be prepared to deal with blast injuries, be aware of their regional incidence of bombings, and have a planned response that is coordinated with law enforcement agencies.
The immunology of multiple sclerosis (1994)

New epidemiology and genetics data have supported the broad concept that multiple sclerosis represents an acquired autoimmunity, which is determined in part by inheritance. Furthermore, it is now widely believed that the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis involves autoimmune reactivity that is directed against myelin proteins. Much of our understanding of myelin-directed autoimmunity has come from studies on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a T-cell-mediated, multiple sclerosis-like disease, which is provoked by immunizing animals with myelin proteins. During the past year, significant progress has been made in delineating immune reactivity to myelin antigens. Models that feature restricted epitope recognition and limited T-cell receptor gene utilization have been challenged (often by their original authors). Unifying new concepts include dynamic temporal diversification of the autoimmune response and clear-cut distinctions between the potential and engaged autoimmune repertoire. An abundance of new information about the biologic determinants of T-cell immunopathogenicity is leading rapidly to innovative therapeutic strategies.
Vehicular ad hoc networking based on the incorporation of geographical information in the IPv6 header (2012)

Several approaches can be identified in the domain of vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) networking and non-IP geographical networking can each fulfill a subset of the application requirements. In general, a combination of both techniques is proposed to meet all of the application requirements. In this case, packets of one VANET routing protocol are encapsulated inside packets of another. This tunneling, together with the position service required for non-IP geographical unicasting, makes such a combined solution rather complex, and hence more challenging to implement, debug, and maintain. In this article, a new VANET approach is presented that relies on the key assumptions that geo-anycast functionality is not required by the applications, and that geographic unicasting is not needed when IP-based unicasting is provided. This enables the adoption of an IPv6-only VANET solution, removing the need for tunneling and position services. New techniques are required to support IPv6-based geo-broadcasting. In this article, it is described how addresses should be assigned, how geographical data can be incorporated in the IPv6 address, how the other IPv6 header fields can be used to contain additional VANET information, and how routing should be handled to guarantee that no modifications are required to the application units. The implementation of the proposed techniques is described, and the correct functionality of the solutions is experimentally demonstrated. Finally, to prove the added value compared to current state-of-the-art propositions, the presented solution is stacked up against the recently released ETSI standards TS 102 636-4-1 (geographical addressing and forwarding) and TS 102 636-6-1 (transmission of IPv6 packets over GeoNetworking protocols).
A1 reactive astrocytes and a loss of TREM2 are associated with an early stage of pathology in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (2020)

Abstract Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is typified by the cerebrovascular deposition of amyloid. The mechanisms underlying the contribution of CAA to neurodegeneration are not currently understood. Although CAA is highly associated with the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ), other amyloids are known to associate with the vasculature. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by parenchymal Aβ deposition, intracellular accumulation of tau, and significant neuroinflammation. CAA increases with age and is present in 85–95% of individuals with AD. A substantial amount of research has focused on understanding the connection between parenchymal amyloid and glial activation and neuroinflammation, while associations between vascular amyloid pathology and glial reactivity remain understudied. Methods Here, we dissect the glial and immune responses associated with early-stage CAA with histological, biochemical, and gene expression analyses in a mouse model of familial Danish dementia (FDD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the vascular accumulation of Danish amyloid (ADan). Findings observed in this CAA mouse model were complemented with primary culture assays. Results We demonstrate that early-stage CAA is associated with dysregulation in immune response networks and lipid processing, severe astrogliosis with an A1 astrocytic phenotype, and decreased levels of TREM2 with no reactive microgliosis. Our results also indicate how cholesterol accumulation and ApoE are associated with vascular amyloid deposits at the early stages of pathology. We also demonstrate A1 astrocytic mediation of TREM2 and microglia homeostasis. Conclusion The initial glial response associated with early-stage CAA is characterized by the upregulation of A1 astrocytes without significant microglial reactivity. Gene expression analysis revealed that several AD risk factors involved in immune response and lipid processing may also play a preponderant role in CAA. This study contributes to the increasing evidence that brain cholesterol metabolism, ApoE, and TREM2 signaling are major players in the pathogenesis of AD-related dementias, including CAA. Understanding the basis for possible differential effects of glial response, ApoE, and TREM2 signaling on parenchymal plaques versus vascular amyloid deposits provides important insight for developing future therapeutic interventions.
A “D-Like” Antigen in Rhesus Monkey, Human Rh Positive and Human Rh Negative Red Blood Cells (1961)

Summary A D-like antigen has been demonstrated in rhesus monkey, human Rh positive and Rh negative red cells. These, as well as heat extracts of human Rh positive or Rh negative red cells, induce formation of D-like antibodies in guinea pigs. The latter antibody seems to act on a site on the Rh positive red cell surface which is different from the true human D (Rho) site. Whether produced by any one of the antigenic materials described, D-like antibodies in guinea pigs on exposure either to rhesus monkey, human Rh positive or Rh negative red cells, yielded eluates of D-like specificity. The antigen on the red cells important in clinical medicine is defined by reactions with human anti-D sera. The term “rhesus factor” as applied to the human D (Rho) antigen appears to be a misnomer. In the absence of any known antigenic stimulus, D-like antibodies were demonstrated occasionally in normal guinea pig sera.
<title>Block implementation of arithmetic coding for image compression</title> (1994)

The full frame discrete cosine transform (FFDCT) compression method has the capability to eliminate block artifacts that exist in JPEG and MPEG compressed images. Previous FFDCT algorithm used an adaptive bit allocation (BA) method to pack quantized DCT coefficients. In this work, we replaced BA with arithmetic coding (AC) to improve compression performance markedly. We also show that by partitioning the quantized cosine domain much higher arithmetic coding efficiency can be achieved, especially in highly quantized images.