gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid solidification processing and characterization of semiconducting In<sub>x</sub>, Ga<sub>1-x</sub> alloys (1988)

Abstract Vacuum-sealed Inx, Ga1-x, (x = 0·1 1–0·93) alloys were rapidly solidified at cooling rates greater than l06 Ks−l by ejecting melts on to a rotating copper disc. Thin flake or alloy powder formation was studied at disc spinning velocities in the approximate range 14–64ms−1. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and thermal analyses revealed non-equilibrium microcrystalline phases in the flakes and powders with average grain sizes varying from about 2·7 to 7 μAmorphous phase formation was also observed in powders of two indium concentrations (x = 0·51 and x = 0middot;44) at disc velocities of about 25 and 64ms−l. Electrical resistivity data (100–400°c) on flakes of the x = 0·51 alloy suggest a resistivity minimum at about 100°C.
1.55-μm long-span fiber optic distributed temperature sensor (1994)

Distributed temperature sensors which utilize Raman scattering effects in optical fibers have been widely developed and used in actual applications [1] [2]. Possible applications include temperature monitoring for power cables or pipe lines. It is highly desirable to expand measurable distance with maintaining measurement accuracy.
Estimation of vegetation canopy leaf area index and fraction of absorbed photosynthetically active radiation from atmosphere‐corrected MISR data (1998)

The multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR) instrument is designed to provide global imagery at nine discrete viewing angles and four visible/near‐infrared spectral bands. This paper describes an algorithm for the retrieval of leaf area index (LAI) and fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) from atmospherically corrected MISR data. The proposed algorithm is designed to utilize all the information provided by this instrument, using a two‐step process. The first step involves a comparison of the retrieved spectral hemispherically integrated reflectances with those determined from the model which depend on biome type, canopy structure, and soil/understory reflectances. The biome/canopy/soil/understory models that pass this comparison test are subject to the second step, which is a comparison of their directional reflectances at the MISR angles to the retrieved spectral directional reflectances. This procedure, however, can produce multiple acceptable solutions. The measure theory is used to specify the most probable values of LAI and FPAR using the set of all acceptable solutions. Optimization of the retrieval technique for efficient global processing is discussed. This paper is the second of a two‐part set describing a synergistic algorithm for producing global LAI and FPAR fields from canopy reflectance data provided by the MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) and MISR instruments.
Models for photochemical electron transfer at fixed distances. Porphyrin-bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-quinone and porphyrin-bisbicyclo[2.2.2]octane-quinone (1984)

We report the syntheses of three rigidly linked side-by-side porphyrinquinone molecules 2-4 whose edge-to-edge distances are fixed at 6, 10, and 14 Å (Figure 1). The spacer units bicyclo[2.2.2]octane and bibicyclo[2.2.2]octane prevent translational\ndisplacement and only allow rotational freedom. Our preliminary studies of the fluorescence yields of both the free base PLQ 2a-4a and Zn PLQ 2b-4b systems, relative to 1, a similar porphyrin not equipped with a quinone, reveal a distance dependence. This suggests that 2-4 will be useful systems for studying the incremental effect of distance on photochemical electron transfer from excited-state porphyrins to quinones.
Novel transition metal-main group hybrid cages: synthesis and characterization of [MoAs2Se10]2- and [W2As2Se13]2- (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel transition metal-main group hybrid cages: synthesis and characterization of [MoAs2Se10]2- and [W2As2Se13]2-Samuel C. O'Neal, William T. Pennington, and Joseph W. KolisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 2, 710–712Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00002a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00002a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fabrication of Micro Photonic Crystals Composed of Metallic Glass and Oxide Glass by Micro Stereolithography (2012)

Magnetophotonic crystals with periodic arranged of permeability can reflect terahertz waves through Bragg diffraction. The micrometer order photonic crystals were fabricated by stereolithographic method. In this process, acrylic resin including metallic and oxide glass particles was spread on a polyethylene substrate with 10 μm in layer thickness. Then a two dimensional pattern was formed by illuminating visible laser with 405 nm in wavelength. Through stacking layer process, a micrometer order three dimensional structure was constructed. Metallic and oxide glass composite material was obtained through heat treatment. The amorphous structure of the metallic glass was kept by low temperature heating process. The transmission spectrum of terahertz wave for the fabricated crystals was measured by terahertz time domain spectroscopy.
Amino acid sequence of the cyclic GMP stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase from bovine heart (1990)

The complete amino acid sequence of the cyclic GMP stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (cGS-PDE) of bovine heart has been determined by analysis of five digests of the protein; placement of the C-terminal 330 residues has been confirmed by interpretation of the corresponding partial cDNA clone. The holoenzyme is a homodimer of two identical N alpha-acetylated polypeptide chains of 921 residues, each with a calculated molecular weight of 103,244. The C-terminal region, residues 613-871, of the cGS-PDE comprises a catalytic domain that is conserved in all phosphodiesterase sequences except those of PDE 1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a secreted PDE from Dictyostelium. A second conserved region, residues 209-567, is homologous to corresponding regions of the alpha and alpha' subunits of the photoreceptor phosphodiesterases. This conserved domain specifically binds cGMP and is involved in the allosteric regulation of the cGS-PDE. This regulatory domain contains two tandem, internal repeats, suggesting that it evolved from an ancestral gene duplication. Common cyclic nucleotide binding properties and a distant structural relationship provide evidence that the catalytic and regulatory domains within the cGS- and photoreceptor PDEs are also related by an ancient internal gene duplication.
Design of super catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenations and their utilization in practical asymmetric syntheses. (1990)

Recently, we have proposed a new designing concept, "Respective Control Concept" , for developing highly efficient chiral bisphosphine ligands . On the basis of our concept, new chiral bisphosphine ligands ,BCPM, MOD-BPPM , MOD-DIOP , etc . have been synthesized . Their rhodium complexes have been found to show very high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in the asymmetric hydrogenations of prochiral carbonyl and olefinic compounds. Practical asymmetric syntheses of useful biologically active compounds have been realized by using these hydrogenations as key reactions.
Solvent relaxation around excited 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine in aqueous solvents (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent relaxation around excited 2-methoxy-6-chloro-9-aminoacridine in aqueous solventsJian Sheng. Sun, Michel. Rougee, Marc. Delarue, Therese. Montenay-Garestier, and Claude. HeleneCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 2, 968–977Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100365a086https://doi.org/10.1021/j100365a086research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views60Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Conductivity, Hall Effect and Thermo-electric Power of Selenium Single Crystals (1951)

Single crystals of selenium have been grown from the vapour phase and their conductivity and thermo-electric power were measured over a range of temperatures. The Hall effect was determined for one crystal. The conductivity obeys a relatively simple exponential law σ = σ0 exp (-eE/kT), with eE = 0.13 eV. and the room temperature conductivity between 10-5 and 0.5 × 10-6 ohm-1 cm-1. Both thermo-electric power and Hall effect rise slightly with increasing temperature, indicating a fall in the current carrier concentration. Values calculated from thermo-power and Hall effect agree reasonably well, and give about 1014 positive holes per cm3. Because of an experimentally established correlation between thermo-power and conductivity, differences in conductivity between various crystals are ascribed to different hole concentrations. Deviations from Ohm's law, the rapid increase in mobility with temperature and its low absolute value (about 0.14 cm2/V.sec. at room temperature) all point to the existence of potential barriers within the crystals. It is shown that a range of barriers of different heights could explain the observed behaviour. The conductivity is anisotropic (ratio about 10: 1), whereas the thermo-power is not.
Diffusion of Real-Time Information in Social-Physical Networks (2012)

We study the diffusion behavior of real-time information. Typically, real-time information is valuable only for a limited time duration, and hence needs to be delivered before its "deadline." Therefore, real-time information is much easier to spread among a group of people with frequent interactions than between isolated individuals. With this insight, we consider a social network which consists of many cliques and information can spread quickly within a clique. Furthermore, information can also be shared through online social networks, such as Facebook, twitter, Youtube, etc. We characterize the diffusion of real-time information by studying the phase transition behaviors. Capitalizing on the theory of inhomogeneous random networks, we show that the social network has a critical threshold above which information epidemics are very likely to happen. We also theoretically quantify the fractional size of individuals that finally receive the message. Finally, the numerical results indicate that under certain conditions, the large size cliques in a social network could greatly facilitate the diffusion of real-time information.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF THALLIUM(I) ALCOHOLATES. USEFUL MODIFICATION OF THE WILLIAMSON SYNTHESIS (1976)

Abstract Die O‐Alkylierung von Oligohydroxylverbindungen, wie (I), gelingt leicht nach deren Überführung in Tl(I)‐Alkoholate mit dem Äthoxid (II).
Pudendal nerve latency (1998)

Anterior anal sphincteroplasty in patients with unilateral or bilateral prolonged pudendal nerve terminal motor latency can provide significant improvement in continence with minimum morbidity. Therefore, correction of the anatomic sphincter defect should still be considered, even in patients with documented pudendal neuropathy.
Addition of Neutron and Gamma-Ray Fractions for Intestinal Damage (1976)

The microcolony assay technique has been used to test the validty of summing equivalent doses per fraction of 14 MeV neutrons and gamma rays for mouse intestinal damage. For a 4-daily fraction schedule, in which the first one or two fractions are given as neutrons and the remainder as gamma rays, combined dose fractions calculated from a 4-fraction schedule of either radiation type alone produce the same level of damage within the limits of accuracy of the experiment.
Dividend Changes Do Not Signal Changes in Future Profitability* (2005)

Gustavo Grullon, Roni Michaely, Shlomo Benartzi, Richard H. Thaler, Dividend Changes Do Not Signal Changes in Future Profitability, The Journal of Business, Vol. 78, No. 5 (September 2005), pp. 1659-1682
Sero-prevalence of Granulocytic Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Swedish Dogs 1991-94 (2000)

In Sweden, 2 tick-borne zoonotic diseases, granulocytic ehrlichiosis and borreliosis, are frequently diagnosed in dogs, using serological assays. The aims of this study were to determine the sero-prevalences of antibodies to Ehrlichia spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato during 1991-94 in dogs, not clinically suspected to be infected with either of the 2 agents. Samples (n = 611) were selected from a serum bank using a systematic sampling strategy, stratified across the 4-y period. The stored sera had originally been submitted in order to verify or rule out infection with Sarcoptes scabiei. The overall sero-prevalence for Ehrlichia spp. was 17.7% and for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato 3.9% (n = 588). Only a few dogs in the northern part of Sweden were sero-positive for Ehrlichia spp. and none were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. An increased sero-prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. was seen during the years studied. The sero-prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. varied with season. Sero-positivity to both agents increased with age. Both diseases are considered zoonotic, and the increase in sero-prevalence of Ehrlichia spp. over the years may reflect the degree of infection in ticks and may have implications for human health.
The inter-relationships of physical activity, physical fitness, and body measurements (1987)

While several measures of physical activity have been used in research, it is not clear how these measures relate to each other or to measures of fitness and fatness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of three commonly used indicators of physical activity to determine how they relate to each other as well as to measures of physical fitness and anthropometric measurements related to body fatness. Data from white adult men working for U.S. railroad companies in 1957 to 1960, who were free of pre-existing cardiovascular disease (N = 2,356), were used to study these relationships cross-sectionally. Total and intense leisure time activity and occupational activity were directly related to caloric intake. Total leisure time activity was inversely related to exercise test heart rate and directly related to body mass index, but not related to resting heart rate or skinfold thickness. Intense leisure time activity was significantly related to all fitness measures and not significantly related to fatness. Caloric intake was directly related to measures of fitness and inversely related to fatness. Occupational activity was directly related to measures of fitness and body mass index, and inversely related to skinfold thickness. These results provide a better understanding of methods appropriate to ascertaining physical activity in epidemiologic research as well as assisting in the comparison of results from studies which have used different physical activity indicators.
Physiological and biochemical characterization of a mottling defect in potato tubers (2010)

Funding sources: This work was supported by grants from the United States Department of
Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (59A Â¢ 0790A Â¢ 6-044), Washington
State Potato Commission (13C-3055A Â¢ 3462), and the Washington State
University Agricultural Research Center (10A-3055A Â¢ 0461) to NRK.
COPOLYMERIZATION OF TRANS-METHYL β-BENZOYLACRYLATE (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOPOLYMERIZATION OF TRANS-METHYL β-BENZOYLACRYLATEC. S. MARVEL and ARJEH B. GALUNCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 5, 587–590Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01123a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01123a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence of Estrogenic Effect by the Three-Month-Intervention of Isoflavone on Vaginal Maturation and Bone Metabolism in Early Postmenopausal Women (2003)

Objective of the present study is to determine the estrogenic effect of isoflavone on vaginal epithelia and bone metabolism in early postmenopausal women. Twenty-two postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to either a group that was given isoflavone extract (61.8 mg) for three months or a control group that was given placebo. We measured the L2-4 bone mineral density (BMD) before and 3 months after treatment by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Blood and urine samples were obtained from the women before and 3 months after treatment. We measured FSH using radioimmunoassay and, urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline levels by HPLC. For endocrine cytology, vaginal smears were collected before and 3 months after the treatment. Three months after the treatment, the serum FSH levels and the BMD values did not significantly differ between the two groups. Urinary excretion of isoflavone was significantly higher in the group given isoflavone compared with that given placebo (p<0.03). Numbers of parabasal and intermediate types of cells were significantly decreased (58.2 +/- 12.4% to 25.0 +/- 10.7%; p<0.05) and increased (24.1 +/- 8.7% to 63.7 +/- 10.7%; p<0.05), respectively in the isoflavone group, but remained unchanged in the control group. Urinary pyridinoline excretion was significantly decreased (49.6% vs. before, p<0.01 by paired t-test) in the isoflavone group. The intake of 60 mg of isoflavone daily for 3 months produced maturational changes of vaginal epithelia without affecting serum FSH levels, and could possibly slow down bone turnover rates as judged by decreased urinary pyridinoline excretion.
FDTD analysis of two‐dimensional transient scattering of cylindrical wave via buried conducting objects (1994)

Abstract It is important to know the scattering properties of objects buried underground so that the techniques of imaging the buried objects by electromagnetic waves may be established. This paper analyzes numerically the transient scattering characteristics by the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method where an infinitely long perfect conductor of arbitrary cross section is buried in the ground and an infinitely long current source is located above the ground surface parallel to the object. The calculation error resulting from the approximation of the scattering object by square mesh is decreased by introducing the field interpolation which satisfies the boundary conditions of the scattering surface. The spatial distribution of the electromagnetic field at each step of the calculation is shown. Moreover, the propagation characteristics of the wave near the ground surface and the scattering characteristics of various objects are studied and the presence of two types of waves, i.e., direct and lateral, is confirmed between the source and ground and between the object and ground.
Cyclic Corrosion and Chlorination of an FeCrAl Alloy in the Presence of KCl (2015)

The KCl-induced corrosion of the FeCrAl alloy Kanthal® APMT in an O2 + N2 + H2O environment was studied at 600 °C. The samples were pre-oxidized prior to exposure in order to investigate the protective nature of alumina scales in the present environment. The microstructure and composition of the corroded surface was investigated in detail. Corrosion started at flaws in the pre-formed α-alumina scales, i.e. α-alumina was protective in itself. Consequently, KCl-induced corrosion started locally and, subsequently, spread laterally. An electrochemical mechanism is proposed here by which a transition metal chloride forms in the alloy and K2CrO4 forms at the scale/gas interface. Scale de-cohesion is attributed to the formation of a sub-scale transition metal chloride.