gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfur und das sogenannte HERINGsche Gesetz über die Richtungen (2007)

An Hand eines auf Tonband aufgenommenen Sprechstundenfalles werden die "HAH-NEMANNschen Regeln über die Rangfolge der Symptome", die wir jetzt auch "HERING-sches Gesetz" nennen, demonstriert. HAHNEMANN stellte als 1. Regel auf, daß die Symptome einen höheren Rang als andere haben, die genau beschrieben, mit vielen Einzelheiten versehen und dadurch charakteristisch für den Einzelfall und für das einzelne Mittel sind. Die 2. Regel besagt, daß die Symptome einen höheren Rang als andere haben, die eine Richtung erkennen lassen, im Krankheitsverlauf von außen nach innen oder von unten nach oben, im Heilungsverlauf in der entgegengesetzten Richtung. Die 3. Regel lautet: Die wichtigsten Symptome sind die in der Prüfung und im Krankheitsfall zeitlich zuletzt aufgetretenen. Der demonstrierte Fall läßt besonders die Gültigkeit der 2. Regel erkennen, weil der Patient spontan, ohne vorher auf die Wichtigkeit dieser Dinge aufmerksam gemacht worden zu sein, berichtet, daß anamnestisch eine Unterdrückung von Fußschweiß und von einem Hautausschlag stattgefunden hat. Die Bedeutung der 1. Regel wird deutlich, wenn das Temperaturverhalten, die Rückenschmerzen und die Gliederschmerzen des Patienten mit denen des Mittels Sulfur verglichen werden und wenn sich herausstellt, daß die Ähnlichkeit bis in die Einzelheiten verfolgt werden kann. Zum Schluß stellt der Verfasser fest, daß wir alle ein verschiedenes Gedächtnisbild von Sulfur in uns tragen, und daß wir uns im Interesse der Sicherheit und der Geschwindigkeit bei der Arzneimittelwahl bemühen sollten, dieses Gedächtnisbild zu erweitern und die Anzahl der gekannten Einzelheiten zu vermeh
Examination of the influence of cedar fragrance on cognitive function and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia in Alzheimer type dementia (2020)

We examined whether symptoms of dementia are improved by olfactory nerve stimulation in Alzheimer type dementia patients. First, a stick-type olfactory identification ability test was performed in patients with Alzheimer type dementia, to select patients without olfactory dysfunctions. Then, these patients were randomly assigned into the intervention (n = 19) and the control groups (n = 17). To evaluate the effects of olfactory nerve stimulation, we exposed the intervention group to a disinfecting ethanol with added aroma extracts from ceder and the control group to the ethanol without the added aroma extracts. Each group underwent the intervention for 8 weeks, cognitive and behavioral functions were evaluated before and after treatments using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), the Japanese version of Zarit Caregiver Burden interview (J-ZBI), and the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog). A significant improvement was observed in the NPI score and J-ZBI in the intervention group compared to the control group at 4 and 8 weeks. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the score of ADAS-cog. Exposure to cedar fragrance improved behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in Alzheimer type dementia and may reduce the burden of nursing care. In addition to its effectiveness, the procedure is simple and minimally invasive and would be a valuable non-pharmaceutical treatment.
Optimisation joint pour le codage/débruitage d'images bruitées (2013)

International audience
Influence of Sr Content on Tl-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Thin Films Prepared by the Mist Microwave-Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (1995)

Superconducting thin films of a Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O (TBCCO) system were prepared on single-crystal MgO(100) substrates by the mist microwave-plasma chemical vapor deposition method, and the influence of the substitution of Sr for Ba for the formation of the superconducting phases in TBCCO systems was investigated. The crystallographic transformation was caused by changing the ratio of Sr to Ba ( x =Sr/(Ba+Sr)). In the case of the Tl(Ba, Sr)-Ca-Cu-O system, the high- T c phase (2223 phase) more easily was obtained as a single phase compared to the Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O and Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems.
IR study on H/D isotope exchange reactions of formate and methoxy species with D2 on ZrO2 (1997)

H/D isotope exchange reactions of adsorbed formate [HCOO(a)] and methoxy [CH 3 O(a)] species with D 2 on ZrO 2 have been investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. The H/D exchange reaction of the formate proceeded only in the presence of gaseous D 2 [D 2 (g)] and not with surface OD groups. The rate determining step was concluded to be the activation of D 2 (g) withan activation energy of 95±8 kJ mol -1 (473–573 K). On the other hand, methoxy species exchanged H atoms in the methylgroup with the surface OD groups, even in the absence of D 2 (g). The activation energy was measured to be 127±8 kJ mol -1 (523–623 K).
EphrinB3 and EphrinB4 Receptors are potential therapeutic targets in glioblastoma (2015)

surfen reduces neuroinflammation and cellular infiltration in EAE, some families of proteoglycans such as heparan sulfate may serve to promote remyelination centrally where general antagonism should be avoided.
Photon‐Upconverting Nanoparticles for Optical Encoding and Multiplexing of Cells, Biomolecules, and Microspheres (2013)

Photon-upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are lanthanide-doped nanocrystals that emit visible light under near-infrared excitation (anti-Stokes emission). This unique optical property precludes background fluorescence and light scattering from biological materials. The emission of multiple and narrow emission lines is an additional hallmark of UCNPs that opens up new avenues for optical encoding. Distinct emission signatures can be obtained if the multiple emission of UCNPs is tuned by their dopant composition or by surface modification with dyes. Tuning the intensity of only one of the multiple emission lines and using another one as a constant reference signal enables the design of ratiometric codes that are resistant to fluctuations in absolute signal intensities. Combining several UCNPs each displaying a distinct set of emission lines expands the coding capacity exponentially and lays the foundation for highly multiplexed analyte detection. This Review highlights the potential of UCNPs for labeling and encoding biomolecules, microspheres, and even whole cells.
Early Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Results of Lower Dose Fludarabine and Cyclophosphamide, and High Dose Rituximab (FCR-Lite) for Patients with Untreated Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL). (2006)

Abstract Introduction Standard FCR therapy in untreated CLL patients (F-25 mg/m2 d1–3 q 4wk; C-250 mg/m2 d 1–3 q 4wk; R-500 mg/m2 d1 q 4wk for 6 cycles) was recently reported to have complete remission (CR) of 70% and overall responses (OR) of 95% (J Clin Oncol2005;23:4079). The major toxicity was grade 3/4 neutropenia during 52% of courses. One approach to decrease neutropenia without compromising efficacy could be by reducing the doses of F and C and increasing the dose of R. Methods We conducted a phase II study for previously untreated advanced CLL patients treated with FCR-Lite (F-20mg/m2 d1–3 q 4 wk; C-150 mg/m2 d1–3 q 4 wk; R-500mg/m2 d1 and d14 q 4wks; maintenance R-500 mg/m2 q 3 months until progression). A Simon two-stage design was used where 15 patients were accrued in the first stage and because of acceptable toxicity and response rate in stage I an additional 35 patients will be treated. The primary endpoint was response rate. Results Twenty eight patients (19 male, 9 female), age 36–85 years (median 58) were treated with a total of 154 FCR-Lite courses. All 28 patients were evaluable for toxicity. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred during 12 (8%) courses. There was one episode of neutropenic fever. Grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia occurred during 4 (3%) courses. Grade III anemia occurred during 2 (1%) courses. One patient had pneumonia. Among the 21 evaluable patients for response, the CR rate was 86%, PR rate was 14% with an OR rate of 100%. Seventeen of the CR patients were tested by flow cytometry and had no evidence of CD5+/CD19+ cells in their bone marrow after therapy. Preliminary data from pharmacokinetics performed on 16 patients showed time dependent increase in trough and peak antibody concentrations throughout treatment (Table 1). Conclusions Our results in the first 28 patients suggest FCR-Lite is highly effective with considerably less grade 3/4 neutropenia than standard FCR. Complete responders had no detectable CD5+/CD19+ cells in their bone marrow following FCR-Lite. Table 1. Serum Rituximab Concentrations Before and After Infusion (N=16 patients) Infusion No. Concentration (μg/ml) (Mean) C1,d1, before 0 C1,d1, after 116.1 C1,d14, before 10.0 C1,d14, after 207.8 C2,d1, before 33.2 C2,d1, after 231.4 C3,d14, before 125.3 C3,d14, after 345.5 C4,d1, before 173.2 C4,d1, after 390.8
Experimental Detection of Evanescent Ultrasonic Waves by Bragg Diffraction of Light (1969)

The presence of evanescent ultrasonic waves diffracted from an acoustic grating has been detected using Bragg diffraction of laser light. The diffraction of light by these evanescent waves (whose concept stems originally from theoretical arguments) confirms their physical existence. The grating used was designed to diffract the sound into two kinds of wave components: (1) a single propagating wave component moving directly away from the grating; and (2) a pair of oppositely directed evanescent-wave components traveling along the back surface of the grating and forming a standing evanescent wave with exponential decay perpendicular to the grating. Such evanescent waves have shorter wavelengths than propagating waves and hence are inherently capable of better resolution if used for imaging. With the proper orientation of the laser beam with respect to the grating, theory predicts that the above wave components will produce diffracted spots of light symmetrically placed about a central axis. The spots due to the evanescent-wave components are found on an axis perpendicular to that of the spots due to the propagating-wave component, and the evanescent-wave spots are further away from the center. Detection and measurement of the positions and the relative intensities of the spots gives information about the wavelengths of the components and about the rate of exponential decay of the evanescent wave.
Profiling of suppressive immune subsets in metastasis negative and positive sentinel lymph nodes from patients with HER2- breast cancer (2014)

Meeting abstracts Since it is the site of initial immune activation and priming of antigen-specific T cells, as well as the first location to which tumor cells metastasize, our research focuses on understanding the immune status and tumor-induced suppression within breast cancer (BrCa)-draining
Impact of Deck and Jet Blast Deflector on the Flow and Acoustic Properties of Imperfectly Expanded Supersonic Jets (2013)

The impact of a representative Aircraft Carrier Deck and Jet blast deflector (JBD) has been investigated by using a recently developed NAVY finite element based flow solver JENRE (the Jet Engine Noise Reduction) at an underexpanded jet condition. The agreement of the flow and near-field acoustic properties of the baseline configuration (without the Carrier deck and JBD) agree well with the experiment data. It is found that the deck surface, which is 1.6D (nozzle exit diameter) below the jet centerline, and a JBD surface, which is roughly 6.0D downstream of the end of the potential core, have little impact on the shock-cell structure and jet potential core. However, the deck impacts the near-field pressure fluctuations by either reflecting the pressure waves or damping the turbulence when the jet flow collides with the surface. The increase caused by the reflection shows more in the spanwise direction than in the vertical direction, and more increase is observed in the high-frequency range downstream of the potential core. The JBD surface redirects the jet plume, causing Mach waves to propagate towards the upward direction of the JBD surface. Pressure waves are also generated near the trailing edges of the JBD surface. The acoustic pressure level is increased upstream of the JBD location, and this increase is largely in the low-frequency range, indicating that the trailing edge effect should be the main cause of this increase.
A Review of the Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Sound Propagation (1953)

The study of the different atmospheric effects indicates that in short-range sound propagation the attenuation by irregularities in the wind structure (gustiness) often is of major importance in comparison with humidity, fog, and rain, and ordinary temperature and wind refraction. However, the ground attenuation can be of equal importance to the gustiness, in particular, when the sound source and the receiver are sufficiently close to the ground. The effect on the attenuation of the height of the source and the receiver off the ground is presented as a function of frequency for a typical ground impedance. The attenuation curve exhibits a maximum which in most cases lies at a frequency between 200 and 500 cps.
Introduction of a colorectal cancer screening programme: results from a single‐centre study (2018)

Despite differences in comorbidity, stage and surgical outcome of patients with screen-detected tumours compared to nonscreen-detected tumours were not significantly different. Considering its limited oncological benefits as well as the rate of adverse events, surgery for nonmalignant polyps and T1 CRC should be considered carefully.
Recent investigations on BAW resonators at cryogenic temperatures (2011)

This work presents the results of investigations on different aspects of cryogenic operation of BAW resonators. For the quartz crystal resonators the losses mechanisms, the temperature sensitivity, the amplitude-frequency effect are described for liquid helium temperatures. The corresponding problems are discussed. To overcome some of these problems, the possible solution of operation at higher modes is considered. Some of these higher modes exhibit outstanding quality factors. The highest (for BAW resonators) quality factor value and quality factor-frequency product are measured for the 11th and 13th overtones respectively. In addition, two LGT resonators have been characterized in a wide temperature range. Finally, some preliminary results on utilization of cryogenic quartz resonators as a part of a frequency stabilization closed loop system are given.
Adapting Innovative Motion-Preserving Technology to Spinal Surgical Practice: What Should We Expect to Happen? (2003)

Disc arthroplasty will offer benefits over current fusion techniques. It will come at a cost and certain complications are entirely predictable. There will be deaths from the procedure, due to thromboembolic phenomenon or due to uncontrollable hemorrhage from irreparable vascular injury, especially on repeat operations. There will be prostheses that dislodge. There will be infections that require device removal, a very high-risk procedure. There will be a deterioration of results in the hands of the general medical community as opposed to the hands of the initial investigators, a learning curve if you will. The access surgeon will be critical to minimizing morbidity. Design considerations compete with anatomic constraints. Material choices all have pros and cons. Spine surgeons as a whole are excited about this opportunity, but we must be diligent to minimize these predictable adverse events to make the risk benefit profile the best that it can be for our patients.
Optical Fibers Would Sense Local Temperatures (1994)

Proposed fiber-optic transducers measure local temperatures. Includes lead-in and lead-out lengths producing no changes in phase shifts, plus short sensing length in which phase shift sensitive to temperature. Phase shifts in two-mode fibers vary with temperatures.
Prenatal Diethylstilbestrol Exposure in the Mouse: Effects on Ovarian Histology and Steroidogenesis in Vitro (1984)

The effect of prenatal diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure on ovarian morphology and steroid production in vitro was evaluated in the mouse. Pregnant mice were injected with 100 micrograms DES per kg maternal body weight on Days 9 to 16 of gestation and the female offspring sacrificed from 3 to 14 months of age. Ovaries of DES-exposed animals weighed significantly less than controls at 3 months of age (9.4 +/- 0.79 mg vs. 17.54 +/- 0.69 mg, mean +/- SEM). Histologically, the DES animals had an apparent increase in the size of the interstitial compartment with cells showing uniform vacuolization and tubular architecture. In addition, the lipid content of the interstitial compartment, as assessed by oil-red-O staining, was markedly increased in the treated animals as compared to controls and corresponded to the vacuolization. Ovarian steroidogenesis in vitro was determined by excising ovaries of animals from 3 to 14 months of age, placing them in tissue culture for 24 h, and measuring media steroids by radioimmunoassay. Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone production per mg of tissue was increased in DES-exposed animals at all ages studied. To correct for changes in the relative sizes of the ovarian compartments secondary to DES exposure, steroid production was calculated on a "per ovary" basis. Only testosterone production remained elevated "per ovary" in the DES-exposed animals which is consistent with androgens being the primary secretory products of the enlarged interstitial compartment. These data indicate that in the mouse, prenatal DES exposure is associated with an enlargement of the ovarian interstitial compartment, increased lipid content of the individual interstitial cells, and increased interstitial compartment testosterone production in vitro throughout the reproductive life span of the animal.
A Concept of Quasi-Equilibrium, Recirculating Bunch Compressor for Heavy Ion Fusion. (2002)

A quasi-equilibrium and recirculating compression scheme has been suggested for the beam bunching of heavy ion fusion. The recirculating beam buncher consists of induction linacs and bending sections. Induction modulators apply the velocity tilt for beam compression. The applied voltage is controlled so as to moderate the velocity tilt by the space charge force before the bending sections. As a result, the repulsion force of the beam is generally balanced with the bunching force during the compression process. Consequently, while the beam is gradually compressed under a quasi-equilibrium condition, the transverse mismatch from the velocity tilt of the bunching beam is suppressed to an allowable level.
Optimization of Advanced Engine Controls for Conventional Vehicles: A Driving Cycle Perspective (2002)

A controls optimization methodology for advanced diesel engines, as they are utilized in a specific driving cycle, is addressed in this work. The technique illustrated here accounts for realistic engine use regimes encountered during the FTP driving schedule and finds the maximum foreseeable fuel economy improvement, with the introduction of advanced technologies, to a baseline engine design. Outputs from the optimization procedure are analyzed from a numerical standpoint, yielding insights into the general topology of the engine’s design domain. Control variable histories through the specified driving cycle are determined and discussed with specific regard to the thermodynamic mechanisms producing the associated fuel economy improvements. Guidelines for the practical design of engine components, along with the assumptions made for these studies, are detailed. These techniques are directly applicable to other types of automotive internal combustion engines, vehicles, and driving patterns.
Consideration of Molecular Weight during Compound Selection in Virtual Target-Based Database Screening (2002)

Virtual database screening allows for millions of chemical compounds to be computationally selected based on structural complimentary to known inhibitors or to a target binding site on a biological macromolecule. Compound selection in virtual database screening when targeting a biological macromolecule is typically based on the interaction energy between the chemical compound and the target macromolecule. In the present study it is shown that this approach is biased toward the selection of high molecular weight compounds due to the contribution of the compound size to the energy score. To account for molecular weight during energy based screening, we propose normalization strategies based on the total number of heavy atoms in the chemical compounds being screened. This approach is computationally efficient and produces molecular weight distributions of selected compounds that can be selected to be (1) lower than that of the original database used in the virtual screening, which may be desirable for selection of leadlike compounds or (2) similar to that of the original database, which may be desirable for the selection of drug-like compounds. By eliminating the bias in target-based database screening toward higher molecular weight compounds it is anticipated that the proposed procedure will enhance the success rate of computer-aided drug design.
CT-gesteuerte Biopsien bei Malignomverdacht. Wie viele Gewebeproben erfordert eine diagnostische Histologie? Führen mehr Biopsien zu einem relevanten Zuwachs an positiven Befunden? (2004)

Ziele: Die Studie untersucht den Zuwachs an positiven Biopsiebefunden bei Malignomverdacht, wenn mehr als 1 aber maximal 5 Proben entnommen werden. Bringen mehr Gewebeproben einen diagnostischen Gewinn? Methode: Die Indikation der in dieser Studie eingeschlossenen Biopsien ist die Frage nach Malignität und Histologie bei Verdacht auf Erstmalignom oder einer Filia versus Zweittumor. Ausgewertet sind die prospektiv erfassten Daten der CT-gesteuerten Biopsien der Jahre 1998 bis 2001. Durch Schneidbiopsie in Koaxialtechnik sind bei 175 konsekutiven Patienten standardisiert insgesamt 620 Gewebsproben gewonnen worden. Pro Biopsie werden 3 bis maximal 5 Proben entnommen, dabei darauf geachtet makroskopisch für die Diagnostik geeignet erscheinende Gewebszylinder zu erhalten. Die Proben werden in der entnommenen Reihenfolge chronologisch nummeriert und die Histologie jeder Einzelnen korrespondierend eineindeutig dokumentiert. Ergebnis: 68 mal erfolgte die Biopsie der Lunge, 17 mal eines extrapulmonalen thorakalen Herdes, bei 65 Patienten im Abdomen oder Retroperitoneum, bei 25 an anderen Lokalisationen. In 531 der 620 Biopsien (85,6%) ist der Malignitätsnachweis positiv. Mit einer Sensitivität von 88,6% wird hierdurch bei 155 der 175 Patienten die Verdachtsdiagnose eines Malignoms gesichert. Die Sensitivität der ersten Gewebeprobe einer Biopsie liegt bei 80%, der ersten und zweiten bei 84,4%, der ersten drei bei 89,1%. Weitere Proben bringen keinen relevanten Zuwachs an Sensitivität. Schlussfolgerung: Ist bei CT-gesteuerter Biopsie der Gewebszylinder makroskopisch von ausreichender Qualität, ermöglichen 3 Proben eines Herdbefundes die histologische Einordnung und mit einer Sensitivität von 89,1% den Malignitätsnachweis. Die Sensitivität wird dabei gegenüber einer einzelnen Probe durch die zweite um 4,4%, durch die dritte um 9,1% erhöht. Mehr Probeentnahmen führen zu keinem relevanten diagnostischen Gewinn.