gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cgamma in NIH 3T3 cells promotes transformation and tumorigenicity (1998)

Phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma) is a key regulatory enzyme that binds to the phosphoryl-tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of certain activated receptors and catalyses the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2] forming IP3 and diacylglycerol (DAG) in response to several mitogenic factors. Previously, we determined that microinjected PLCgamma induces DNA synthesis in G0-arrested NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting the possibility that PLCgamma may have an oncogenic potential. In this report, we demonstrate that overexpression of PLCgamma in NIH 3T3 cells results in altered growth properties and cellular transformation. The PLCgamma/3T3 transfectants do not require serum growth factors to proliferate, display anchorage-independent growth in soft agar and induce tumors when transplanted into nude mice. These findings suggest that overexpression of PLCgamma facilitates the transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Furthermore, PLCgamma expression and activity have been shown to be elevated in many human tumors. Thus, PLCgamma signaling may contribute to the promotion and/or progression of human cancers.
Effects of ractopamine hydrochloride are not confined to mammalian tissue: Evidence for direct effects of ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on fermentation by ruminal microorganisms1 (2009)

Four experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of ractopamine hydrochloride (RAC) on ruminal fermentation and proteolysis. In Exp. 1, in vitro gas and VFA production was measured in flasks incubated with 0, 0.226, 2.26, 22.6, and 226.0 mg of RAC/L of buffered ruminal fluid. Ractopamine hydrochloride had a quadratic effect on in vitro gas production (P < 0.05; 177, 181, 185, 190, and 170 mL for 0, 0.226, 2.26, 22.6, and 226.0 mg, respectively). Total VFA production was not significantly changed with RAC (P > 0.50). In Exp. 2, IVDMD was measured with tubes incubated with 0, 0.226, 2.26, or 22.6 mg of RAC/L of buffered ruminal fluid with 4 substrate combinations: corn, corn plus soybean meal, corn plus urea, and corn plus soybean meal plus urea. Dry matter disappearance was measured after 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 h of fermentation. There was an interaction between RAC and substrate (P < 0.01), with more degradable forms of nitrogen eliciting greater IVDMD from RAC. Significant main effects also were detected for RAC, substrate, and hour (P < 0.001). In Exp. 3, AA and ammonia were measured in tubes treated with 0 or 2.26 mg of RAC/L of buffered ruminal fluid. Tubes were incubated for 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, or 240 min. There were decreases in ammonia and AA concentrations with RAC (P < 0.001). Experiment 4 used 16 ruminally fistulated Holstein steers in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors consisted of grain processing method (steam-flaked or dry-rolled corn), concentration of dried distillers grains (DG) with solubles (0 or 25% DG, DM basis), and concentration of RAC (0 or 200 mg/d). Ruminal ammonia concentrations were less when RAC was fed in combination with dry-rolled corn, but not when RAC was fed in conjunction with steam-flaked corn (grain processing x RAC, P < 0.01). Addition of RAC, steam-flaked corn, and DG all resulted in reduced ruminal ammonia concentrations (P < 0.01). Amino acid concentrations were decreased when RAC was added to diets with DG but were unchanged in diets without added DG (DG x RAC, P < 0.05). Changes in ruminal ammonia and AA concentrations with RAC supplementation are dependent on grain processing and the addition of DG to finishing diets. Results from these studies suggest that RAC affects fermentation by ruminal microflora. Effects of the interactions between RAC and protein source, grain processing, and DG on proteolysis could have important implications when formulating diets for cattle supplemented with RAC.
2,5-Dimethyl-3,4-bis[(2<i>R</i>,5<i>R</i>)-2,5-dimethylphospholano]thiophene:  First Member of the Hetero-DuPHOS Family (2005)

[reaction: see text] The 2,5-dimethyl-3,4-bis[(2R,5R)-2,5-dimethylphospholano]thiophene (UlluPHOS), a new thiophene-based analogue of (R,R)-1,2-bis(phospholano)benzene (Me-DuPHOS), was synthesized, geometrically and electronically characterized, and employed as ligand of Rh and Ru in some standard hydrogenation reactions of prostereogenic functionalized carbon-carbon and carbon-oxygen double bonds. The synthesis of UlluPHOS is much easier than that provided for Me-DuPHOS. UlluPHOS and Me-DuPHOS display very similar geometries, while the electronic availability of the former is higher than that exhibited by the latter. The Rh and Ru complexes of UlluPHOS produced excellent enantiomeric excesses (98.9-99.5%) in the hydrogenation of N-acetyl-alpha-enamino acids and reaction rates higher than those found when employing the analogous complexes of Me-DuPHOS.
Electron mobility in Ge and strained-Si channel ultrathin-body metal-oxide semi conductor field-effect transistors (2004)

Electron mobility in strained silicon and various surface oriented germanium ultrathin-body (UTB) metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with sub-10-nm-body thickness are systematically studied. For biaxial tensile strained-Si UTB MOSFETs, strain effects offer mobility enhancement down to a body thickness of 3nm, below which strong quantum confinement effect renders further valley splitting via application of strain redundant. For Ge channel UTB MOSFETs, electron mobility is found to be highly dependent on surface orientation. Ge⟨100⟩ and Ge⟨110⟩ surfaces have low quantization mass that leads to a lower mobility than that of Si in aggressively scaled UTB MOSFETs.
Fabrication of Flip-Chip Optical Couplers Between Single-Mode Fibers and LiNbO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Channel Waveguides (1981)

Highly efficient end-fire optical coupling is described between single-mode fibers and Ti-diffused LiNbO3 channel waveguides using a Si V-groove/flip-chip Configuration. The preparation and alignment of the LiNbO3 and the Si wafer are discussed. The LiNbO3 substrate is arranged face down on the Si wafer. The fibers are placed in the Si V-grooves which provide lateral and angular alignment, and approximate vertical alignment, with respect to the channel waveguide. Deep transverse grooves, with tapered fibers lying under the Coupling fibers, allow submicron vertical positioning. The fiber ends are prepared by cleaving; the LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> channel ends are optically polished.
Areas of sinusoidal surface hepatocyte nuclear predominance in type C chronic hepatitis (1998)

Although the cause of these abnormalities was not clarified in this study, it is suggested that they are related to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection per se, rather than regeneration or inflammatory activity. These changes may be significant in HCV-associated hepatocarcinogenesis.
Bringing Parallel Performance to Python with Domain-Specific Selective Embedded Just-in-Time Specialization (2011)

Today's productivity programmers, such as scientists who need to write code to do science, are typically forced to choose between productive and maintainable code with modest performance (e.g. Python plus native libraries such as SciPy [SciPy]) or complex, brittle, hardware-specific code that entangles application logic with performance concerns but runs two to three orders of magnitude faster (e.g. C++ with OpenMP, CUDA, etc.). The dynamic features of modern productivity languages like Python enable an alternative approach that bridges the gap between productivity and performance. SEJITS (Selective, Embedded, Just-in-Time Specialization) embeds domain-specific languages (DSLs) in high-level languages like Python for popular computational kernels such as stencils, matrix algebra, and others. At runtime, the DSLs are "compiled" by combining expert-provided source code templates specific to each problem type, plus a strategy for optimizing an abstract syntax tree representing a domain-specific but language-independent representation of the problem instance. The result is efficiency-level (e.g. C, C++) code callable from Python whose performance equals or exceeds that of handcrafted code, plus performance portability by allowing multiple code generation strategies within the same specializer to target different hardware present at runtime, e.g. multicore CPUs vs. GPUs. Application writers never leave the Python world, and we do not assume any modification or support for parallelism in Python itself.
What’s New in Orthopaedic Research (2013)

Rodeo, Scott A. MD1; Ma, Richard MD1; Frawley, Robert BS1; Cunningham, Matthew E. MD, PhD1; Fortier, Lisa A. DVM, PhD, DACVS2; Maher, Suzanne PhD1 Author Information
Information gain within nonextensive thermostatistics (1998)

We discuss the information theoretical foundations of the Kullback information gain, recently generalized within a nonextensive thermostatistical formalism. General properties are studied and, in particular, a consistent test for measuring the degree of correlation between random variables is proposed. In addition, minimum entropy distributions are discussed and the H-theorem is proved within the generalized context.
Structural basis for collagen recognition by the immune receptor OSCAR (2015)

The osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR) is a collagen-binding immune receptor with important roles in dendritic cell maturation and activation of inflammatory monocytes as well as in osteoclastogenesis. The crystal structure of the OSCAR ectodomain is presented, both free and in complex with a consensus triple-helical peptide (THP). The structures revealed a collagen-binding site in each immunoglobulin-like domain (D1 and D2). The THP binds near a predicted collagen-binding groove in D1, but a more extensive interaction with D2 is facilitated by the unusually wide D1-D2 interdomain angle in OSCAR. Direct binding assays, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, confirm that the primary collagen-binding site in OSCAR resides in D2, in marked contrast to the related collagen receptors, glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and leukocyte-associated immunoglobulin-like receptor-1 (LAIR-1). Monomeric OSCAR D1D2 binds to the consensus THP with a KD of 28 µM measured in solution, but shows a higher affinity (KD 1.5 μM) when binding to a solid-phase THP, most likely due to an avidity effect. These data suggest a 2-stage model for the interaction of OSCAR with a collagen fibril, with transient, low-affinity interactions initiated by the membrane-distal D1, followed by firm adhesion to the primary binding site in D2.
Improved ant routing algorithm in cognitive radio networks (2009)

Cognitive radio (CR) is a revolution in radio technology. Cognitive radio networks (CRN) is featured by the dynamic spectrum sharing of the secondary nodes coexisting with the primary nodes. Secondary nodes in cognitive radio networks (CRN) need the ability to work on different frequency bands and intelligently adjust their configuration to changes in the communication environment. It is a complicated and challenge task. So the routing protocol of CRN is different from that of traditional wireless network. In this paper, we propose a new routing protocol which does not need common control channel in CRN. This scheme applies swarm intelligence into CRN routing protocol. It can find out the route , which has minimum delay from source to destination , utilizing a routing cost function. The cost function takes into account many kinds of delay simultaneously. Simulation result shows that the proposed routing algorithm can effectively reduce the cumulate delay.
Mechanistic and Exploratory Photochemistry. XII. Characterization of the Reactivity of the β-Carbon in the Triplet Excited State of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic and Exploratory Photochemistry. XII. Characterization of the Reactivity of the β-Carbon in the Triplet Excited State of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones1Howard E. Zimmerman, Roger C. Hahn, Harry Morrison, and M. C. WaniCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 5, 1138–1140Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01083a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01083a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Do Plants "Psychomanipulate" Insects? (1985)

The hypothesis that plants attain a measure of defense against herbivory by "psychomanipulation" of insect herbivores is presented. In brief, the psychomanipulation hypothesis asserts that certain secondary plant chemicals imbibed in sublethal doses by insects feeding on plant parts interfere with information processing in the insectan central nervous system and thereby modify insect-herbivore behavior in ways that reduce or prevent further herbivory. Behavioral changes could include the evocation of unadaptive behaviors, inhibition of hunger, onset of narcosis, etc. Evidence will be presented that numerous plant substances do have "psychomanipulative" effects at sublethal levels and that the pyschomanipulation mechanism might operate in nature.
Advantages of energetic cluster evaporation for organic light emitting devices (2004)

Organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) using Alq3 have been fabricated by employing two techniques: energetic cluster evaporation and normal thermal evaporation. Atomic force microscopy taken on the Alq3 film surfaces obtained from both techniques revealed that using energetic clusters was advantageous over normal thermal evaporation in terms of surface roughness particularly when the film grows thicker than 50 nm. OLEDs with the critical thickness of 50 nm, prepared by energetic cluster evaporation, thus showed much better performances in both current–voltage (I–V) and luminance–voltage (L–V) curves than devices prepared by thermal evaporation. The lifetime of the energetic-cluster-prepared OLED was also found to be longer than those of devices prepared by thermal evaporation.
'Free lunch' enhancement for collaborative filtering with factorization machines (2014)

The advantage of Factorization Machines over other factorization models is their ability to easily integrate and efficiently exploit auxiliary information to improve Collaborative Filtering. Until now, this auxiliary information has been drawn from external knowledge sources beyond the user-item matrix. In this paper, we demonstrate that Factorization Machines can exploit additional representations of information inherent in the user-item matrix to improve recommendation performance. We refer to our approach as 'Free Lunch' enhancement since it leverages clusters that are based on information that is present in the user-item matrix, but not otherwise directly exploited during matrix factorization. Borrowing clustering concepts from codebook sharing, our approach can also make use of 'Free Lunch' information inherent in a user-item matrix from a auxiliary domain that is different from the target domain of the recommender. Our approach improves performance both in the joint case, in which the auxiliary and target domains share users, and in the disjoint case, in which they do not. Although 'Free Lunch' enhancement does not apply equally well to any given domain or domain combination, our overall conclusion is that Factorization Machines present an opportunity to exploit information that is ubiquitously present, but commonly under-appreciated by Collaborative Filtering algorithms.
Finite Automata (2001)

In this chapter we discuss basic properties of finite automata. The chapter contains eight sections. Some sections contain exercises. In the first section we present two examples. The goal of these examples is to give some intuition of finite automata to the reader and to explain ideas of determinism and nondeterminism. In the second section we define finite automata and provide many examples. We explain how automata perform their computations on inputs. We formalize the notion of computation (or equivalently run), introduce the notions of acceptance and finite automata (FA) recognizable languages.
Automatic interface‐controlled apheresis collection of stem/progenitor cells: results from an autologous donor validation trial of a novel stem cell apheresis device (2010)

The Spectra Optia is a novel automatic apheresis system supporting autologous stem cell collection with at least equal efficiency and superior user-friendliness compared to the COBE Spectra MNC.
[Female patient with cutaneous anthrax in Belgium]. (2001)

A 23-year-old Turkish woman was admitted with an infection of the left thumb. The clinical picture was typical for cutaneous anthrax. Microbiological tests confirmed the diagnosis 'infection by Bacillus anthracis'. She recovered when treated with penicillin, although later tests revealed that the bacteria were resistant to this antibiotic. The patient became infected in Belgium as a result of wounding herself on the teeth of an illegally slaughtered sheep, which had possibly become infected in the pasture. Recognising the characteristic clinical picture of cutaneous anthrax is essential for prompt treatment and a favourable prognosis.
Morphological differentiation of human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection (1994)

We have studied human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells at various stages of morphological differentiation. Two days' treatment of the cells with retinoic acid (RA) or dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP) resulted in the appearance of elongated neurites and enhanced production of 160K to 200K neurofilament proteins as shown by indirect immunofluorescence. DNA synthesis was reduced only in RA-treated cells as detected by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. The cells were infected with two T-lymphotropic virus strains (IIIB and NDK) and two fresh isolates (39001 and 46001) from bronchoalveolar lavage samples of AIDS patients. The latter two isolates were unable to form syncytia in infected CD4-positive T-lymphoblastoid C8166 cells which was in contrast to our T-lymphotropic virus strains. Interphase in situ hybridization showed that 14 to 16% of SH-SY5Y cells become positive for HIV-1 DNA. Regardless of the virus strain, morphological differentiation of the cells with RA or db-cAMP inhibited infection by 50% at a single cell in situ resolution. Nested PCR confirmed the presence of proviral DNA in the infected cells. These results show that human neuroblastoma cells, tumour cells of neuroectodermal origin, can be infected by different HIV-1 isolates and that the infection is inhibited by neurotypic cell differentiation.
Chirped duobinary transmission (CDBT) for mitigating the self-phase modulation limiting effect (2002)

We present a new modulation format called chirped duobinary transmission (CDBT). The dispersion limited transmission distance of conventional chirp-free duobinary transmission is enlarged significantly, especially in the nonlinear regime by interaction of SPM and chirp.
Negative chemotaxis in cellular slime molds (1977)

This study confirms the suggestion of earlier workers that the vegetative amoebae of Dictyostelium repel each other while those of Polysphondylium violaceum do not. When Dictyostelium amoebae were placed in drops on thin and thick agar, the cells moved out faster on the thin agar, presumably because the repellent was more concentrated. This did not occur with Polysphondylium amoebae. Also, if 2 drops of cells were placed side by side, or a single drop was placed near an edge, in Dictyostelium there were fewer cells emerging between the drops (or near an edge) than on the far side. Polysphondylium showed no such difference. However, Polysphondylium amoebae were repelled by Dictyostelium cells (but not vice versa) when drops of each were placed beside one another. Finally, if Dictyostelium discoideum cells were placed in drops over thick and thin agar, but separated from the agar by a dialysis membrane, the cells again spread farther on the thin agar, indicating that the repellent is a dialyzable molecule.
ChemInform Abstract: INVOLVEMENT OF SURFACE STATES IN THE SPECTRAL SENSITIZATION OF ZINC OXIDE ELECTRODES (1979)

Abstract Sensibilisierte Photoströme an einkristallinen ZnO‐Elektroden im Kontakt mi wäßrigen, Kristallviolett enthaltenden Elektrolyten während eines 1 msec dauern Laser‐Impulses zeigen Relaxationserscheinungen, die sich durch Einbeziehung von Oberflächenzuständen erklären lassen.
Binding of 4-methylumbelliferyl α-D-mannopyranoside to dimeric concanavalin A: fluorescence temperature-jump relaxation study (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of 4-methylumbelliferyl α-D-mannopyranoside to dimeric concanavalin A: fluorescence temperature-jump relaxation studyRobert M. Clegg, Frank G. Loontiens, and Thomas M. JovinCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 2, 167–175Publication Date (Print):January 25, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 25 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00621a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00621a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts