gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-pixel Design Milliwatt Power 254 nm Emission Light Emitting Diodes (2004)

We report on AlGaN based deep ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LED) with a novel micro-pixel design and emission at 254 nm. The micro-pixel design was adopted to improve the lateral current spreading and to reduce the operation voltages. For a 4 ×4 and 10 ×10 interconnected 30 µm diameter micro-pixel design, the device series resistances as low as 17 Ω and 11 Ω were measured. For an unpackaged 10 ×10 pixel design LED, pulsed output power as high as 1 mW was measured at a pump current of 1 A which translates to a peak external quantum efficiency of 0.02%.
Optical Absorption and Photoconductivity in the Band Edge of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>β</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ga</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1965)

Optical absorption and photoconductivity have been observed in the ultraviolet in single crystals of nominally pure $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. At room temperature a steep absorption edge, characteristic of a band-to-band transition, is observed at 2700 \AA{}. The edge is shifted approximately 100 \AA{} toward shorter wavelengths when the temperature is reduced to 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Photoconductivity begins coincident with the absorption edge at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, but could not be detected at room temperature. A model is proposed in which the absorption arises as a result of excitation of an electron from the oxygen $2p$ band to the gallium $4s$ band. Calculations using this model and the Born-Haber cycle are in good agreement with the observed band gap of 4.7 eV. It is suggested that the much smaller band gap of $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ as compared with sapphire is due to the reduced coordination number of the ions involved in the transition.
Robust fundamental matrix estimation with accurate outlier detection (2007)

The estimation of fundamental matrix from two-view images has been an important topic of research in 3D computer vision. In this paper, we present an improved robust algorithm for fundamental matrix estimation via modification of the RANSAC algorithm. The proposed algorithm is based on constructing a voting array for all the point correspondence pairs to record the consistency votes for each point correspondence from a number of the fundamental matrix estimations determined from randomly selected subsets of correspondence pairs to facilitate the identification of outliers. The boundary between the inliers and outliers in the sorted voting array are determined through a hypothesis testing procedure. With this strategy, we can accurately determine the outliers from all pairs of point correspondences, thus leading to accurate and robust fundamental matrix estimation under noisy feature correspondences. Through experimental comparison with previous methods on simulated and real image data, we show the proposed algorithm in general outperforms other best-performed methods to date.
Adaptive Prediction Block Filter for Video Coding (2012)

In this letter, we propose a new prediction block filter that can reduce errors between the original and prediction blocks. The proposed filter adaptively adjusts filter coefficients by using the previously reconstructed adjacent blocks and their prediction blocks. Then, the filter is selectively applied to the current prediction block according to the rate-distortion optimization. Moreover, since the same filter coefficients can be derived in the decoder, they are not encoded into the bit-stream. The proposed method achieves a 4.65% bitrate saving on average compared with H.264/AVC.
Sources of physiological variation in differential leukocyte counting. (1985)

A statistical analysis is provided on the diurnal and day-to-day variations of individuals in order to validate the usefulness of high precision differential counts. There is a significant within-day variability that interferes with monitoring of individual patients unless a constant time of day is chosen for sampling. An experiment with endotoxin illustrates possible changes that can be monitored with highly precise counts, and several examples are given of monitoring patients over the course of an illness. Conclusions are that all the cell types of the differential respond independently to a variety of physiological and pathological stimuli. Information obtained will be as valuable as the care with which sample acquisition and other factors are controlled.
Internal RNA Replication Elements are Prevalent in Tombusviridae (2012)

Internal replication elements (IREs) are RNA structures that are present at internal positions in the genomes of different types of plus-strand RNA viruses. Members of the genus Tombusvirus (family Tombusviridae) contain an IRE within the polymerase coding region of their genomes and this RNA element participates in both genome targeting to sites of replication and replicase complex assembly. Here we propose that other members of the virus family Tombusviridae also possess comparable IREs. Through sequence and structural analyses, candidate IREs in several genera of this family were identified, including aureusviruses, necroviruses, carmoviruses, and pelarspoviruses. The results from subsequent mutational analysis of selected proposed IREs were consistent with a critical role for these structures in viral genome accumulation during infections. Our study supports the existence of IREs in several genera in Tombusviridae and points to previously unappreciated similarities in genome replication strategies between members of this virus family.
Effect of treating Candida utilis with acid or alkali, to remove nucleic acids, on the quality of the protein (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of treating Candida utilis with acid or alkali, to remove nucleic acids, on the quality of the proteinIsah M. Achor, Tom Richardson, and Norman R. DraperCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 1, 27–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00103a008https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00103a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views86Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impairment of immunogenicity by antigen presentation in liposomes made from dimyristoylphosphatidyl‐ethanolamine linked to the secretion of prostaglandins by macrophages (1987)

The induction of antibody response in syngeneic rats by the Gross virus cell surface antigen (GCSAa) was dependent on the presentation of GCSAa into liposomes made from distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC). GCSAa liposomes made from dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DMPE) were nonimmunogenic, even when used as anamnestic immunogens. Spleen cells, from rats twice immunized with GCSAa-DSPC-liposomes and used to transfer the anti-GCSAa immune response into naive recipients after a tertiary immunostimulation in vitro in the presence of naive peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), responded to soluble GCSAa only after irradiation at 500 rds and to GCSAa-DMPE-liposomes only when indomethacin was added during the in vitro stimulation. The preincubation of these cells with empty DMPE liposomes or the addition of supernatant from PEC fed with DMPE liposomes abrogated the response to GCSAa-DSPC liposomes. Using a specific radioimmunoassay, prostaglandin E2 was demonstrated to be produced by PEC when fed with DMPE liposomes, and not when fed with DSPC liposomes. This prostaglandin E2 secretion by PEC induced by DMPE liposomes was inhibited by indomethacin.
Culturing Helicobacter pylori from Clinical Specimens: Review of Microbiologic Methods (2003)

Helicobacter pylori is probably the most common chronic bacterial infection of humankind, and is usually acquired first in childhood. Microbiologic culture of H. pylori is the "gold standard" for diagnosis in a patient with suspected infection. Although not currently recommended for routine use, culture allows testing for susceptibility to antimicrobials, especially in populations with a high prevalence of drug resistance. Gastric biopsies are the specimens most commonly used to culture H. pylori, but stool, vomitus, saliva, and dental plaque offer opportunities. This review examines the current methods used to culture H. pylori from biologic specimens and suggests useful hints to enhance its recovery rate.
Formic Acid as a Hydrogen Energy Carrier (2016)

The high volumetric capacity (S3 g H-2/L) and its low toxicity and flammability under ambient conditions make formic acid a promising hydrogen energy carrier. Particularly, in the past decade, significant advancements have been achieved in catalyst development for selective hydrogen generation from formic acid. This Perspective highlights the advantages of this approach with discussions focused on potential applications in the transportation sector together with analysis of technical requirements, limitations, and costs.
Serial analysis of gene expression: ESTs get smaller (1996)

Measuring gene expression on a global scale has been one of the vexing problems of cell biology. Velculescu et al.(1) recently proposed a system for identifying gene expression levels based on very short sequence tags-about nine base pairs-located at a specific site within a gene transcript. By coupling the strategy to current automated sequencing machines and the large expressed sequence tag databases, it should be possible to follow changes in gene expression for large numbers of genes economically and accurately.
Models of Photosynthesis (2001)

Our model of photosynthesis (8) published some 20 years ago in Planta has had an impact and seen application that far exceeded our expectations. Perhaps it is useful to reflect on what this model did and why we published it. It is important to note that our model is not a complete model of
Use of Computer Graphics and Cluster Analysis in Aiding Relational Judgment (1989)

An experiment is conducted to investigate the use of computer graphics and cluster analysis in aiding human relational judgment. The experimental stimuli were similarity matrices from real-world data sources. The experimental tasks required the subjects to detect the number of clusters or to judge the similarity value between a designated pair of objects in the displayed matrix. Each matrix was either ordered randomly or arranged according to the results of cluster analysis. Each matrix was displayed in one of four schemes: number scheme, color scheme, size scheme or 3-D vertical line scheme. The results indicated that the cluster-ordered displays greatly facilitated cluster detection performance in three out of the four display schemes, with the 3-D line scheme as the only exception. Matrix ordering had no effect on the value judgment task. The proximity compatibility principle (Wickens, 1987) and theories of perceptual grouping (Garner, 1976; Pomerantz, 1981) provided predictions and were tested in this experiment. Theoretical and practical implications were also discussed.
Immunization of Humans with Polyribophosphate, the Capsular Antigen of Hemophilus influenzae, Type b (1972)

In human volunteers, single injections of purified polyribophosphate elicited antibodies detectable by passive hemagglutination and by serum bactericidal and opsonizing activities against viable Hemophilus influenzae, type b. All three activities rose by 2 wk to maximal levels, at which they remained for at least 6 months. Doses of 1 mug elicited antibody responses in nearly all recipients; higher doses of the antigen, however, produced larger increases in titer. Booster doses of 1 mug given at 6 months did not further increase the antibody titers. A tuberculin-like response was often observed at the site of injections given intradermally.
Effect of vitamin supplementation on lung injury and running performance in a hot, humid, and ozone‐polluted environment (2011)

In this study, the effect of vitamin C and E supplementation on lung injury and performance of runners were analyzed. Using a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design, nine runners participated in two experimental trials: a 2-week Vitamin trial (vitamin C = 500 mg/day + vitamin E = 100 IU/day) and a 2-week Placebo trial. At the end of each supplementation period the runners performed an 8-km time-trial run in a hot (31°C), humid (70% rh), and ozone-polluted (0.10 ppm O(3)) environmental chamber. Nasal lavage and blood samples were collected pre-, post-, and 6-h post-exercise to assess antioxidant status and CC16 as lung injury marker. Higher plasma (pre- and post-exercise) and nasal lavage (post-exercise) antioxidant concentration were found for the Vitamin trial. Nevertheless, this did not result in performance differences (Vitamin trial: 31:05 min; Placebo trial: 31:54 min; P = 0.075) even though significant positive correlations were found between antioxidant concentration and improvement in time to complete the run. CC16 was higher post-exercise in the Placebo trial (P < 0.01) in both plasma and nasal lavage. These findings suggest that antioxidant supplementation might help to decrease the lung injury response of runners when exercising in adverse conditions, but has little effect on performance.
Studying Human Neurodegenerative Diseases in Flies and Worms (2000)

Invertebrate models of several human neurodegenerative diseases have recently been described. These models faithfully replicate key neuropathological features of the human disorders. Because the basic cell biology of the nervous system is very similar in vertebrates and invertebrates, the sophisticated and rapid genetic analysis feasible in Drosophila and C. elegans promises significant insight into human neurodegenerative syndromes. In addition, the short lifespan, small size, and ease of culturing make worms and flies ideal for drug testing.
The first bilayer ferroelectric liquid crystal (1983)

We have found the first chiral smectic C liquid crystal formed by strongly bound antiparallel pairs of molecules. The director of the new phase, which has a net permanent polarization, can be oriented in an electric field in a way similar to a chiral C phase formed by monomers.
The Law of Agency and the National Union (1961)

No officer or member of any association or organization, and no association or organization participating or interested in a labor dispute, shall be held responsible or liable in any court of the United States for the unlawful acts of individual officers, members, or agents, except upon clear proof of such acts, or of ratification of such acts after actual knowledge thereof.This provision reflects the rule adopted in United Mine Workers v. Coronado Coal Co., 259 U.S. 344 (1922).There the national
META-DES.H: a dynamic ensemble selection technique using meta-learning and a dynamic weighting approach (2018)

In Dynamic Ensemble Selection (DES) techniques, only the most competent classifiers are selected to classify a given query sample. Hence, the key issue in DES is how to estimate the competence of each classifier in a pool to select the most competent ones. In order to deal with this issue, we proposed a novel dynamic ensemble selection framework using meta-learning, called META-DES. The framework is divided into three steps. In the first step, the pool of classifiers is generated from the training data. In the second phase the meta-features are computed using the training data and used to train a meta-classifier that is able to predict whether or not a base classifier from the pool is competent enough to classify an input instance. In this paper, we propose improvements to the training and generalization phase of the META-DES framework. In the training phase, we evaluate four different algorithms for the training of the meta-classifier. For the generalization phase, three combination approaches are evaluated: Dynamic selection, where only the classifiers that attain a certain competence level are selected; Dynamic weighting, where the meta-classifier estimates the competence of each classifier in the pool, and the outputs of all classifiers in the pool are weighted based on their level of competence; and a hybrid approach, in which first an ensemble with the most competent classifiers is selected, after which the weights of the selected classifiers are estimated in order to be used in a weighted majority voting scheme. Experiments are carried out on 30 classification datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the changes proposed in this paper significantly improve the recognition accuracy of the system in several datasets.
Role of blood profiles in cattle health problems (1975)

Fifteen herds located on the major soil types in Pennsylvania were selected. Twenty-five of the cows in each herd were bloo sampled four times annually for two years. At the same time blood was taken from the cows, forage, grain and water samples were taken. Soil samples were collected from all of the forage-producing fields. Blood parameters are compared with findings of several others who have published on this subject.
Implementation of an Intelligent Controller for Biped Walking Robot using Genetic Algorithm and Learning Control (2006)

This paper proposes a method that minimizes the consumed energy by searching the optimal locations of the mass centers of the biped robot's links using Genetic Algorithm. This paper presents a learning controller for repetitive gait control of the biped robot. The learning control scheme consists of a feedforward learning nile and linear feedback control input for stabilization of learning system. The feasibility of learning control to the biped robotic motion is shown via computer simulation and experimental results with 24 DOF biped walking robot.
Separation of C-glycoside Flavonoids from Aleurites moluccana Using Chitin and Full N-acetylated Chitin (2002)

This paper describes a comparative study using different chromatographic supports (fully N-acetylated chitin, chitin and silica gel) to separate the flavonoids swertisin and 2"-O-rhamnosylswertisin from Aleurites moluccana. The results show that the flavonoids have apparently been separated by the hydrogen bond between the stationary phase (chitin and chitin-100) and flavonoids under the conditions studied.
Comparing Economizer Relief Systems (2000)

An outdoor air economizer is a damper arrangement and automatic control system that allows a cooling air handler to supply outdoor air instead of recirculated air to reduce or eliminate the need for mechanical cooling during mild or cold weather. One ofthe key elements of an economizer is a system to relieve the excess outdoor air supplied to the building when the economizer is enabled. Without an adequate relief system, the building can become over-pressurized, causing exterior doors to stand open (a potential security issue) and air to whistle through exterior doors and elevator doors. For very tight buildings, the pressure buildup can reduce supply air rates. Maximum building pressure to avoid these problems is typically about 0.05 in. w.g. to 0.10 in. w.g. (12 Pa to 25 Pa).
Influence of light on health‐promoting phytochemicals of broccoli sprouts (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Broccoli (Brassicaceae) is a rich source of phytochemicals (glucosinolates and phenolic compounds) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Germinated broccoli sprouts contain much higher levels (10–100 times) of aliphatic (glucoraphanin) and indolic glucosinolates than the inflorescences. This quality characteristic of broccoli sprouts plays an important role in human health and disease prevention. Although it is known that genetic and environmental factors can affect the composition of broccoli inflorescences, the influence of such factors on the seeds and sprouts has not been widely reported. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of light versus dark growth conditions on the phytochemical composition (vitamin C, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates) of broccoli sprouts. RESULTS: Broccoli sprouts grown in the light were found to have much higher concentrations of vitamin C (by 83%), glucosinolates (by 33%) and phenolic compounds (by 61%) than those grown in the dark. During a 7 day period there was a clear and analogous trend in both treatments, with a general reduction in concentrations over time. Among the different organs studied (seeds, cotyledons, stems and roots), the cotyledons contained the highest levels of bioactive compounds, while the roots contained the lowest. CONCLUSION: Light treatment of sprouting broccoli seeds increased their concentration of health‐promoting phytochemicals, mainly during the first 3–5 days of development. Therefore the younger broccoli sprouts are a better source of bioactive compounds for the consumer than the inflorescences. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
An adaptive finite element approach for the free surface seepage problem (1986)

Abstract A posteriori error estimates and adaptive mesh refinements are now on a rigorous mathematical foundation for linear, elliptic boundary‐value problems of second order. Yet, for non‐linear problems only a few results have been obtained till now. In this paper we consider as a non‐linear model problem the two‐dimensional fluid flow with free surface and show how results from linear a posteriori theory can be used to control the non‐linear iteration and to refine the mesh adaptively. A numerical example shows that, similar to linear problems, considerable improvement of the accuracy is obtained by an adaptive mesh refinement and that the influence of singularities on the order of convergence disappears.
Review of Architectural Patterns and Tactics for Microservices in Academic and Industrial Literature (2018)

Microservices are an emerging trend for development of service-oriented software. This approach proposes to build each application as a collection of small services running on separate process and inter-communicating with lightweight mechanisms. Systematic development of microservices is hampered by the lack of a catalog of emerging recurrent architectural solutions (architectural patterns) and design decisions (architectural tactics). This article describes a systematic review of academic and industrial literature regarding architectural patterns and architectural tactics for microservices. The review yield 44 architectural patterns in academic sources and 74 in industrial ones, as well as a few architectural tactics originally proposed to address related problems. Most architectural patterns and tactics are associated to one of just five quality attributes: scalability, flexibility, testability, performance, and elasticity. Also, most microservices in academic (but not industrial) literature are related to DevOps and IoT. The findings lead to propose a new taxonomy of microservice architectural patterns.