gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD19 has a potential CD77 (globotriaosyl ceramide)-binding site with sequence similarity to verotoxin B-subunits: implications of molecular mimicry for B cell adhesion and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli pathogenesis. (1994)

The glycosphingolipid globotriaosyl ceramide (CD77) and other globo-series glycolipids containing terminal galactose (Gal)alpha 1-4Gal residues function as receptors for the verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin) family of Escherichia coli-elaborated toxins. CD77 is also a marker for germinal center B lymphocytes and Burkitt's lymphoma cells. The pan B cell marker CD19 is a 95-kD membrane protein that appears early in B cell differentiation and is only lost upon terminal differentiation to plasma cells. CD19 is involved in signal transduction and has a regulatory role in B cell proliferation and differentiation in response to activation in vitro. However, an endogenous ligand for CD19 has not yet been identified. We report herein that the extracellular domain of CD19 has a potential CD77-binding site with extensive sequence similarity to the verotoxin B-subunits. These B-subunit-like sequences on CD19 are in close proximity following the organization of intervening amino acids into disulfide-linked domains. Cocapping of CD19 and CD77 on Burkitt's lymphoma-derived Daudi cells with anti-CD19 antibodies indicates that CD19 and CD77 are associated on the B cell surface. Cell surface binding of anti-CD19 antibodies is decreased on CD77-deficient mutant Daudi cells, suggesting that CD77 expression influences the surface expression of CD19. Wild-type Daudi cells, but not the CD19/CD77-deficient mutants, bind to matrices expressing the carbohydrate moiety of CD77 or other Gal alpha 1-4Gal containing glycolipids. This binding can be inhibited by anti-CD77 antibodies, the CD77-binding verotoxin B-subunit or anti-CD19 antibodies. Daudi cells exhibit a degree of spontaneous homotypic adhesion in culture while the CD77/CD19-deficient Daudi mutants grow as single cells. The stronger homotypic adhesion that occurs in B cells after antibody ligation of CD19 and that involves, to some extent, the integrin system, is also dramatically lower in the mutant cells relative to the parent cell line. However, reconstitution of mutant cells with CD77 restores the anti-CD19 mAb-induced adhesion to wild-type Daudi cell levels. These studies represent the first time that CD19-mediated signaling has been reconstituted in a low-responder B cell line. These convergent observations provide compelling evidence that CD19/CD77 interactions function in adhesion and signal transduction at a specific stage in B cell development and suggest that such interactions have a role in B lymphocyte homing and germinal center formation in vivo. By targeting CD77+ B cells, verotoxins may suppress the humoral arm of the immune response during infection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Hibernation: Neural Aspects (1979)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Impact of Out-of-Plane Translational Order in Block Copolymer Lithography (2011)

In block copolymer lithography, subtle distortions in the self-assembled domains, such as tilting or bending, have a strong impact on the quality of the lithographic features upon pattern transfer. We compared the feature size distribution observed at the top-surface of block copolymer thin films with the size distribution that the self-assembled structures project at the substrate interface, i.e., the lithographic image. We performed the comparison for films of perpendicularly oriented cylindrical block copolymer domains with various degrees of lateral order. We found that the size distribution of the projected image does not mimic the well-known Gaussian distribution observed at the top surface. Instead, the lithographic features display a skewed distribution with a long tail toward smaller feature dimensions, a shift of the median and a reduced number of transferred features. The distortions are more pronounced for films with shorter correlation lengths. We propose a simplified model that explains the observed shifts in the size distribution of the projected image by considering the tilting that cylinders undergo in the vicinity of dislocations. The presence of defects disrupting the in-plane orientational order not only impacts the size distribution of the self-assembled features, but also induces nearby cylinder tilting and some general loss of out-of-plane translational order which, upon pattern transfer, is responsible for the observed distortions on the feature size distribution.
The gamma-ray burst monitor for Lobster-ISS (2006)

Lobster-ISS is an X-ray all-sky monitor experiment selected by ESA two years ago for a Phase A study (now almost completed) for a future flight (2009) aboard the Columbus Exposed Payload Facility of the International Space Station. The main instrument, based on MCP optics with Lobster-eye geometry, has an energy passband from 0.1 to 3.5 keV, an unprecedented daily sensitivity of 2x10^{-12} erg cm^{-2}s$^{-1}, and it is capable to scan, during each orbit, the entire sky with an angular resolution of 4--6 arcmin. This X-ray telescope is flanked by a Gamma Ray Burst Monitor, with the minimum requirement of recognizing true GRBs from other transient events. In this paper we describe the GRBM. In addition to the minimum requirement, the instrument proposed is capable to roughly localize GRBs which occur in the Lobster FOV (162x22.5 degrees) and to significantly extend the scientific capabilities of the main instrument for the study of GRBs and X-ray transients. The combination of the two instruments will allow an unprecedented spectral coverage (from 0.1 up to 300/700 keV) for a sensitive study of the GRB prompt emission in the passband where GRBs and X-Ray Flashes emit most of their energy. The low-energy spectral band (0.1-10 keV) is of key importance for the study of the GRB environment and the search of transient absorption and emission features from GRBs, both goals being crucial for unveiling the GRB phenomenon. The entire energy band of Lobster-ISS is not covered by either the Swift satellite or other GRB missions foreseen in the next decade.
Increased CYP4B1 mRNA Is Associated with the Inhibition of Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Colitis by Caffeic Acid in Mice (2009)

Susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases depends upon interactions between the genetics of the individual and induction of chronic mucosal inflammation. We hypothesized that administration of dietary phenolics, caffeic acid and rutin, would suppress upregulation of inflammatory markers and intestinal damage in a mouse model of colitis. Colitis was induced in C3H/ HeOuJ mice (8 weeks old, 6 male/6 female per treatment) with 1.25% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 6 d in their drinking water. Rutin (1.0 mmol (524 mg)/kg in diet), caffeic acid (1.0 mmol (179 mg)/kg in diet), and hypoxoside extract (15 mg/d, an anticolitic phenolic control) were fed to the mice for 7 d before and during DSS treatment, as well as without DSS treatment. Body weight loss was prevented by rutin and caffeic acid during DSS treatment. Colon lengths in mice fed caffeic acid and hypoxoside during DSS treatment were similar to DSS-negative control. Food intake was improved and myeloperoxidase (MPO) was decreased with each phenolic treatment in DSS-treated mice compared with DSS treatment alone. Colonic mRNA expression of IL-17 and iNOS were inhibited when IL-4 was increased by each phenolic treatment combined with DSS, whereas CYP4B1 mRNA was increased only by caffeic acid in DSS-treated mice, compared with DSS treatment alone. Colonic and cecal histopathology scores of DSS-treated mice were significantly more severe (P < 0.01) than in mice fed caffeic acid before and during DSS treatment, based on mucosal height, necrosis, edema, erosion, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Although both rutin and caffeic acid suppressed the expression of selected inflammatory markers, only caffeic acid protected against DSS-induced colitis, in association with normalization of CYP4B1 expression. The inhibition of DSS-induced colitic pathology by caffeic acid was mediated by mechanisms in addition to anti-inflammatory effects that deserve further study.
Interaction Strategies For Positioning An Object (2005)

Understanding the strategies humans use in interactive tasks will be useful in the design and control of prosthetic and robotic devices. We studied a simple interactive task in which the subject held a handle at a target position against a constant perturbing force. Even though only the applied force, and not the subject’s arm stiffness, was constrained, we found that the subjects consistently chose a particular stiffness which appeared to be independent of the force for low values, but increased for higher values. Studies of the dependence of this stiffness on the inertial and stiffness properties of the manipulated object are planned.
Electrochemistry within molecules using ultrafast cyclic voltammetry (2003)

The basic principles allowing undistorted ultrafast cyclic voltammetry to be performed at ultramicroelectrodes are recalled and discussed as well as their experimental exploitation leading to the design of an ultrafast potentiostat allowing on-line ohmic drop compensation without distortions within the megavolts-per-second range of scan rates. The validity of the instrument and of the method are established by investigating the voltammetry of anthracene reduction up to scan rates of 2.5 MV s –1 . Access to this range of ultrahigh scan rates allows nanosecond-time scale to be explored voltammetrically which offers obvious kinetic advantages by widening the mechanistic scope of voltammetry so that it encompasses now more than nine orders of magnitude. Yet, in this feature article, we are more interested in discussing another remarkable – but less promoted – advantage of ultrafast voltammetry. Indeed, scan rates in the megavolts- per -second range allow the creation of diffusion layers with a maximal extension of a few nanometers, viz, which are comparable to the size of chemical and biological molecules. In other words, this allows the in-situ and direct monitoring of redox communication within molecules that are attached to an ultramicroelectrode surface. The experimental validity and the interest of this concept are presented on the basis of two typical examples. One deals with the rate of redox commutation within a self-assembled monolayer of organometallic molecules bearing a redox terminal group, [Os(bpy) 2 Cl(py–B)] + , adsorbed onto a platinum surface through the pyridyl moiety of their ligated bridge (–B = –(CH 2 ) 2 –py). The second application concerns the monitoring of the time progression of electron-hopping diffusion through electron exchange between 64 Ru II/III (tpy) 2 redox groups distributed on a fourth-generation PAMAM dendrimer molecule adsorbed onto an ultramicroelectrode. Besides the measurement of the rate of communication between adjacent ruthenium centers within one dendrimer, the method is extremely informative about the topology of the spatial arrangement of the 64 redox centers, so that it can be used as a molecular microtome with a resolution better than that of STM.
Abstract 1308: A phase I clinical study investigating disulfiram and copper gluconate in patients with advanced treatment-refractory solid tumors involving the liver (2011)

Abstract Background: Disulfiram inhibits hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase causing accumulation of acetaldehyde when alcohol is ingested and is used to treat alcohol addiction. When metal ions such as copper are combined with disulfiram, key oncoproteins are bound, and inactivated. Disulfiram and copper can inhibit tumor cell growth in cell culture, and xenograft models, and induce cell killing via apoptosis. Here we determined the safety and tolerability of disulfiram when administered together with copper gluconate in patients with advanced treatment-refractory solid tumors involving the liver. Methods: Four preselected oral doses of copper gluconate were tested (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg tid) in a standard “3+3” design. Disulfiram 250 mg was administered once daily. Patients were observed for DLTs, and pharmacodynamic studies were performed. Patients were required to refrain from alcohol consumption during the study. Results: As of November 15, 2010, 15 patients with treatment refractory solid tumors metastatic to the liver have been enrolled. The average number of prior treatments was 7 (range 1-16). Malignancies represented included pancreatic (2), breast (4), colon (1), prostate (1), lung (1), cutaneous melanoma (2), and ocular melanoma (2). Grade 3 toxicities included dehydration (1), hyperglycemia (1), constipation (1), LFT elevations (2) and troponin elevation (1) but these were felt to be more likely related to advanced malignancy or to causes other than the study drugs. Although hepatic toxicity is a potential side effect of disulfiram, the only Grade 3 LFT elevations that occurred on treatment were in patients with disease progression in the liver suggesting that these events were not drug related. There was one reported Grade 2 disulfiram reaction due to exposure to alcohol. Other Grade 1 and 2 toxicities included changes in mental status (6), headaches (2), and dizziness (3) though many of these events corresponded to progression of the underlying malignancy. No radiographic responses to treatment have been observed. Six patients progressed within 28 days of starting treatment. One patient with advanced colon cancer achieved disease stability for 125 days. The average duration on treatment was 37 days (range 1 – 125 days). Reasons for discontinuing treatment included functional decline (4), disease progression (10), and death (1). Two remaining slots are open on the 8 mg dose cohort. Analysis of S-glutathionylation of proteins in response to treatment is ongoing. Conclusions: Disulfiram dosed at 250 mg daily together with copper gluconate at doses of 6 mg three times daily is well tolerated in patients with advanced solid tumors involving the liver. No DLT has yet been observed. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1308. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1308
Overview of Sandia Wind Turbine Blade Analysis. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Mirrorless dispersive optical bistability due to cross trapping of counterpropagating beams in sodium vapor (1985)

We report the first observation to our knowledge of mirrorless optical bistability based on a dispersive effect, namely, cross-trapping optical bistability due to the mutual interaction of two counterpropagating beams. The phase conjugation of a probe beam generated by four-wave mixing in such a system is sensitive to the intensities of the counterpropagating beams and has been used to monitor the bistability.
Distributed Handoff Decision Scheme using MIH Function for the Fourth Generation Wireless Networks (2008)

Next generation wireless networks environment consists of heterogeneous wireless technologies, offering mobility service. The objective is to exploit the popularity and the high data rates offered by wireless networks such as WiFi (wireless fidelity) or WiMAX (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) to enhance cellular services i.e. UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System). In this context, mobile terminal has to make several handoff decisions while moving between these technologies. In this paper we propose using the emerging IEEE802.21 standard defines Media Independent Handover (MIH) functions as transport service in order to offer a vertical handoff decision with a minimum of processing delay.
Blind channel tracking for long-code WCDMA with linear interpolation model (2003)

A new technique for tracking of fast fading channels in long code CDMA is proposed, exploiting multipath diversity of mobile channels. Based on linear interpolation model, the proposed method blindly estimates the channel coefficients at the selected positions within a slot up to a scale factor and tracks the time-varying channel using an interpolation. The unknown scale factor can be resolved using only one pilot symbol that increases the bandwidth efficiency. The proposed method can be implemented using several front-ends including the conventional matched filter, decorrelator, and regularized decollerator. A new identifiability condition is established and the performance of the proposed method is assessed through the mean square error and bit error rate.
Interference Screw Fixation of Cervical Grafts (1993)

The dislodgement of an anterior bone graft in the cervical spine is a frequent complication of attempted fusion following discectomy or corpectomy. It has been hypothesized that fixation augmented with interference screws may increase the pullout strength of the construct and decrease the rate of these complications. In vitro mechanical tests and in vivo sheep studies were conducted to compare interference screw fixation methods for enhancing the fixation between the bone graft and the adjacent vertebra. Using human cadaver cervical spines, the anterior pullout strengths of cervical bone grafts were compared using fixation with and without the addition of interference screws for the in vitro mechanical testing. The mean pullout forces for a Smith-Robinson type bone graft alone was 58.1 N (SD 11.4 N); for the graft augmented with two 3.5 mm cancellous bone screws, 153.9 N (58.9 N); and for the graft with four 3.5 mm screws, 217.1 N (SD 69.9 N). The pullout strengths of the two- and four-3.5 mm screw constructs were significantly greater than the strength of the graft alone (P < 0.05). Similarly placed 2.7 mm cortical screws of the same length provided increased pullout strength (123.7 N 38.6 N and 142.5 N 38.2 N for two- and four-screw constructs, respectively); however, in comparison to the graft alone, these differences were not statistically significant. For both screw types, the four-screw fixations were stronger than the two-screw fixations, although these differences were not statistically significant. For the in vivo portion of the study, a single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion were performed on 20 sheep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A new sensor array signal processing technique (2002)

A signal combination technique, based on the spectral replication property of sampling, is presented. The technique uses second-order bandpass sampling to provide some phase control over the component signals. Although the phase control is not independent between the signals and is further constrained by inherent amplitude scaling, quasi-independent control can be achieved. The performance of the combination technique is established for two applications. These applications are diversity antenna combination and demodulation of slow frequency-hopping spread spectrum.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Approach to Vinylphosphines Based on Pd‐ and Ni‐Catalyzed Diphenylphosphine Addition to Alkynes. (2001)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Short communication: Growth hormone receptor expression in two dairy breeds during the periparturient period (2009)

The growth hormone receptor (GHR) 1A mRNA decreases after calving in the liver of Holstein dairy cows and may coordinate nutrient partitioning. The hypothesis that the decrease in GHR1A mRNA around the time of calving was characteristic of a second dairy breed was tested by examining Guernsey cows in addition to Holstein cows. Holstein and Guernsey cows were housed together and paired by parity and expected calving date. Liver biopsies and blood samples were collected prepartum (d -20 +/- 1) and postpartum on d 3, and d 14 +/- 1. The amounts of GHR1A, GHR1B, GHR1C, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)1 mRNA were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Blood concentrations of growth hormone (GH) and IGF1 were measured by RIA. Both breeds underwent a decrease in GHR1A mRNA, a decrease in liver IGF1 mRNA, a decrease in blood IGF1, and an increase in blood GH after calving. The decrease in liver GHR1A and IGF1 mRNA after calving may be an inherent characteristic of dairy breeds that enables nutrient partitioning for greater milk production. Independent genetic selection in 2 dairy breeds seemingly exploited a similar mechanism, reduced GHR1A expression, to decrease blood IGF1 and increase blood GH, a key hormone involved in nutrient partitioning.
Transport in the Critical Region (2005)

The behavior of dynamic properties in the critical region is important in many engineering applications, and in this chapter we investigate this topic, focusing upon diffusion. In the literature, the term critical slowing down is used to describe the long relaxation times that occur when criticality is approached. Does this mean that diffusion processes per se come to a halt and, if not, how does slowing down manifest itself in fluids? We see that, in spite of the nonequilibrium nature of this topic, equilibrium concepts still play a key role in describing dynamics in the critical region. To begin this discussion, we investigate the dynamic behavior of a tagged fluid molecule as it experiences random fluctuations in its position in the fluid. These fluctuations would be induced by random thermally induced collisions between the tagged species and other fluid molecules. This type of dynamics is referred to as Brownian motion or a random walk. A schematic showing two 10-step trajectories depicting a random walk in two dimensions is shown in figure 12.1, and its analysis leads naturally to the definition of the self-diffusion coefficient.
Bcl-2 protein inhibits bufalin-induced apoptosis through inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in human leukemia U937 cells. (1997)

In a previous study, we demonstrated that bufalin, which is an active principle of Chinese medicine, chan'su, caused apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells by anomalous activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) via the signaling pathway of Ras, Raf-1, and MAPK kinase-1. Here, we report the effect of overexpression of bcl-2 in U937 cells on the signaling pathway of apoptosis that is induced by bufalin. The results indicated that the apoptosis induced by bufalin in U937 cells was significantly inhibited by overexpression of the Bcl-2 protein. No significant difference was detected in the activation of MAPK kinase-1 that is induced by bufalin in wild-type or Bcl-2-overexpressed U937 cells; however, the activation of MAPK by bufalin was significantly attenuated in the cells overexpressing Bcl-2. Bufalin treatment activated activator protein-1 transcriptional activity; however, this activation was decreased to 40% in bcl-2-overexpressed U937 cells. These results indicate that Bcl-2 acts downstream of MAPK kinase-1 but upstream of MAPK and suggest that, in the signaling pathway of the apoptotic process induced by bufalin, the transcriptional activity of activator protein-1 may be down-regulated through the inhibition of MAPK activity by Bcl-2.
Etude de solutions d'une pompe de circulation de voiture (160 W) - VALEO (1999)

Keywords: pompe de circulation ; VALEO ; voiture Reference EPFL-REPORT-166375 Record created on 2011-06-06, modified on 2017-05-10