gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diversity of host species and strains of Pneumocystis carinii is based on rRNA sequences (1996)

We have amplified by PCR Pneumocystis carinii cytoplasmic small-subunit rRNA (variously referred to as 16S-like or 18S-like rRNA) genes from DNA extracted from bronchoalveolar lavage and induced sputum specimens from patients positive for P. carinii and from infected ferret lung tissue. The amplification products were cloned into pUC18, and individual clones were sequenced. Comparison of the determined sequences with each other and with published rat and partial human P.carinii small-subunit rRNA gene sequences reveals that, although all P. carinii small-subunit rRNAs are closely related (approximately 96% identity), small-subunit rRNA genes isolated from different host species (human, rat, and ferret) exhibit distinctive patterns of sequence variation. Two types of sequences were isolated from the infected ferret lung tissue, one as a predominant species and the other as a minor species. There was 96% identity between the two types. In situ hybridization of the infected ferret lung tissue with oligonucleotide probes specific for each type revealed that there were two distinct strains of P. carinii present in the ferret lung tissue. Unlike the ferret P. carinii isolates, the small-subunit rRNA gene sequences from different human P. carinii isolates have greater than 99% identity and are distinct from all rat and ferret sequences so far inspected or reported in the literature. Southern blot hybridization analysis of PCR amplification products from several additional bronchoalveolar lavage or induced sputum specimens from P. carinii-infected patients, using a 32P-labeled oligonucleotide probe specific for human P. carinii, also suggests that all of the human P. carinii isolates are identical. These findings indicate that human P. carinii isolates may represent a distinct species of P. carinii distinguishable from rat and ferret P. carinii on the basis of characterization of small-subunit rRNA gene sequences.
Localization of Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, two K channel proteins, to synaptic terminals, somata, and dendrites in the mouse brain (1994)

Multiple voltage-gated potassium (K) channel gene products are likely to be involved in regulating neuronal excitability of any single neuron in the mammalian brain. Here we show that two closely related voltage-gated K channel proteins, mKv1.1 and mKv1.2, are present in multiple subcellular locations including cell somata, juxta-paranodal regions of myelinated axons, synaptic terminals, unmyelinated axons, specialized junctions among axons, and proximal dendrites. Staining patterns of the two channel polypeptides overlap in some areas of the brain, yet each has a unique pattern of expression. For example, in the hippocampus, both mKv1.1 and mKv1.2 proteins are present in axons, often near or at synaptic terminals in the middle molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, while only mKv1.1 is detected in axons and synaptic terminals in the hilar/CA3 region. In the cerebellum, both channel proteins are localized to axon terminals and specialized junctions among axons in the plexus region of basket cells. Strong differential staining is observed in the olfactory bulb, where mKv1.2 is localized to cell somata and axons, as well as to proximal dendrites of the mitral cells. This overlapping yet differential pattern of expression and specific subcellular localization may contribute to the unique profile of excitability displayed by a particular neuron.
Infant-directed speech in English and Spanish: Assessments of monolingual and bilingual caregiver VOT (2017)

It has been shown that monolingual caregivers exaggerate acoustic speech cues in infant-directed speech (IDS), but less is known about the characteristics of IDS in late second-language (L2) bilingual caregivers. Furthermore, there is inconsistency in the literature regarding voice onset time (VOT) of stop consonants in IDS. The present study explores VOT of English and Spanish stops in English monolingual and Spanish-dominant bilingual caregivers, in infant- versus adult-directed speech registers. Both monolinguals and bilinguals exaggerate VOT in IDS; however, different patterns are noted across consonant type and language context. Also, bilinguals produced English stops with Spanish-like and English-like properties, depending upon their L2-proficiency. The characteristics of late-L2 Spanish–English bilingual IDS may create a complex phonetic environment for infants, which may in turn affect the perception and later production of stop consonants in dual language-learning infants.
Sustainable Land Management and Adult Education: Issues for the Stakeholders of Australia's Tropical Savannas. (1998)

The author recognises the importance of education and training of stakeholders in working towards a sustainable land management. These stakeholders include pastoralist, Aboriginal, mining, tourism, defence and conservation groups. Some of the issues in education and training for sustainable land management among stakeholder groups include access, and the impact that values and perceptions have on behaviour and on the style of education opportunities required. Education providers face a challenge in addressing some of these issues where values and perceptions are involved, due to constraints which may exist within formal or institutional avenues of learning. Adult education is well situated to take on the role of negotiating attitudes and beliefs among stakeholders because of such elements as a focus on learner-centred education, an ability to be communicated-based and an ability to operate within a broad range of learning contexts.
鹿児島湾奥部底質中における有孔虫群集の特異な産状について(鹿児島湾の地質学的研究-IV) (1978)

departmental bulletin paper
Preparation and Properties of Anisotropic Nano-crystalline NdFeB Powders Made by Hydrogen Decrepitation of Die Upsetting Magnets (2011)

Anisotropic nanocrystalline NdFeB powders were prepared by hydrogen decrepitation (HD) of die upsetting magnets. The effects of varying temperatures of HD on the microstructure and magnetic properties of the anisotropic NdFeB particles were studied. It shows that the powders which obtained by HD process at higher temperature were larger than that at lower temperature, and the HD powders show a well anisotropy at 723 K, the remanence (B-r) was more than 12.46 kG, the maximum energy product ((BH)(max)) was 19.06 MGOe, and the coercivity (H-cj) was 7.2 kOe. The microstructure of the anisotropic powders revealed that with a reasonable HD temperature, the platelet grains were not destroyed. They were nearly 150-300 nm long and 30-50 nm wide. The results indicate that HD process was an effective way to prepare the anisotropic NdFeB powders.
Coexpression of multiple estrogen receptor variant messenger RNAs in normal and neoplastic breast tissues and in MCF-7 cells. (1995)

Mammary cancers often develop into a hormone-independent and antagonist-resistant growth phase. The molecular mechanisms of this transition are not clear. Recently, it has been proposed that estrogen receptor variants derived from alternative splicing might lead to dominant positive transcription factors acting on estrogen response elements, even in the absence of the hormone. We show here the comprehensive analysis of expression of estrogen receptor variants lacking internal exons in the estrogen receptor-positive mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7, in a tumor sample, and in healthy breast tissue taken from reduction surgery. Variants are identified by reverse transcription PCR and hybridization to exon-specific oligonucleotide probes. In MCF-7 cells we detected 10 variants including 5 that have not been described before. Skipping one, two, or three exons occurs. The major variants detected in the cell line are also present in normal and neoplastic tissues. Quantitative variations allow no conclusions of a potential involvement of the variants in neoplastic processes. Rather, the variants appear to be present normally and thus might have a physiological role. Given the expression of the variants in normal tissue, and given the expression of potentially dominant positive variants in conjunction with potentially dominant negative ones, we suggest that these variants do not account for hormone antagonist resistance.
Iterative detection algorithms for extended MC-CDMA (2002)

Multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) combines the advantages of CDMA and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing techniques. For time-varying channels, it can be further improved by introducing an additional spreading in the time direction (extended MC-CDMA). Two low complexity iterative detection algorithms with soft feedback are described: the iterative soft block decision feedback equalizer and a recurrent neural network based detector. Performance results are given for a typical mobile radio channel and compared to the optimum maximum likelihood detector. Introducing pilot symbol assisted channel estimation, the optimum number of pilot symbols is determined and the bit error rate performance is compared to the case of ideal channel estimation.
A Complex Intronic Splicing Enhancer from the c- <i>src</i> Pre-mRNA Activates Inclusion of a Heterologous Exon (1997)

The mouse c-src gene contains a short neuron-specific exon, N1. To characterize the sequences that regulate N1 splicing, we used a heterologous gene, derived from the human beta-globin gene, containing a short internal exon that is usually skipped by the splicing machinery. Various fragments from the src gene were inserted into the globin substrate to measure their effects on the splicing of the test exon. These clones were transiently expressed in neuronal and nonneuronal cell lines, and the level of exon inclusion was measured by primer extension. Several sequences from the N1 exon region induced the splicing of the heterologous exon. The most powerful effect was seen with a sequence from the intron downstream of the N1 exon. This sequence acted as a strong splicing enhancer, activating splicing of the test exon when placed in the intron downstream. The enhancer was strongest in neuronal LA-N-5 cells but also activated splicing in nonneuronal HEK293 cells. Deletion and linker scanning mutagenesis indicate that the enhancer is made up of multiple smaller elements that must act in combination. One of these elements was identified as the sequence UGCAUG. Three copies of this element can strongly activate splicing of the test exon in LA-N-5 neuroblastoma cells. These component elements of the src splicing enhancer are also apparently involved in the splicing of other short cassette exons.
Haemoglobin A1c – A Marker for Complications of Type 2 Diabetes: The Experience from the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) (2003)

Haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is the pre-eminent factor for quantifying the risk of complications in patients with diabetes and for monitoring glycaemia. Intervention to lower blood glucose in the two landmark clinical trials, the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT), led to a reduction in the microvascular complications of diabetes. Glycaemic status could be compared in the UKPDS and DCCT as the Bio-Rad Diamat HPLC analyser, as used in the DCCT, was introduced in 1989 for measurement of HbA1c in the UKPDS, after liaison with the DCCT. Results from other methods used for measurement of glycated haemoglobin during the UKPDS were aligned to this method. The Bio-Rad Diamat analyser in the central laboratory for the UKPDS, reference range 4.5-6.2% HbA1c, was certified as comparable to the DCCT by the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program in 1998. A median difference in HbA1c of 0.9% was maintained over 10 years between the intensively and conventionally treated groups in the UKPDS (7.0% vs. 7.9% HbA1c) despite HbA1c increasing over time. Clinical care was transferred to general practitioners after the end of the main glucose control study for post-study monitoring. Over the first 3 years of post-study monitoring, HbA1c rose slightly in the previously intensively treated group with no appreciable increase in the conventional group, due to intensification of therapy. At near-normal HbA1c, < 6%, the updated mean value chosen to reflect glycaemic exposure throughout the UKPDS, the incidence of myocardial infarction was 2-3 times that of microvascular disease, with similar incidences for both complications at >10% updated mean HbA1c. Relationships between the risk of complications of type 2 diabetes and updated mean HbA1c had no observable thresholds. The UKPDS risk engine derived from the UKPDS database calculates coronary heart disease risk using HbA1c as a continuous variable and could now replace the Framingham equations for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the glucansucrase DSRWC from Weissella cibaria synthesizing a α(1[rightward arrow]6) glucan (2009)

Weissella cibaria isolated from human saliva produces a soluble glucan that predominantly has α-1,6-glucosidic type linkages. Using degenerated primers that were selected based on the amino acid sequences of conserved regions from known glucansucrases, a single 2.7-kb fragment was isolated. In subsequent steps, a 4969-bp product was obtained using inverse PCR. The coding region for the glucansucrase gene (dsrWC) consisted of a 4419-bp ORF that encoded a 1472-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 161.998 Da. The produced DSRWC glucansucrases exhibited similarity with the enzymes of the glucosylhydrolase family 70, which includes the Lactobacillus fermentum glucansucrase. The expressed recombinant DSRWC (rDSRWC) synthesized oligosaccharides in the presence of maltose or isomaltose as an acceptor and the synthesized products included α-1,6-linked glucosyl residues in addition to the maltosyl or isomaltosyl residue. rDSRWC synthesized water-soluble polymers using sucrose as substrate. According to the ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, the polymer that was synthesized by rDSRWC was a linear dextran, which formed predominately α-1,6-glucosidic linkages. This is the first report on the molecular characterization of glucansucrase from a W. cibaria strain.
Twin-horseshoe resonator—An investigation (1994)

Two parallel-plate copper rings with diagonally opposite gaps separated by a dielectric medium form a resonator the natural resonant frequency which is a function of the transmission line propagation constant, its characteristic impedance, as well as the series inductance of the two loops. By means of an extra capacitor connected to each gap, one can easily vary the frequency of the resonator. The derived expressions, valid also for coaxial line devices, relating resonant frequency to other circuit constants, can serve as a tool for those who intend to use this kind of resonator to design NMR surface coil antennas. Experimental results are in good agreement with theory provided the circuit constants are accurately known.
Influence of Change of ITO-Silver Electrode Structure on the Performance of Single-Crystal Silicon Solar Cells (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Electron Microscope Observations of the Crystallization of Anodically Formed Tantalum and Niobium Oxide Films (1964)

Anodic oxide films ranging in thickness from about 200 to 1000Aå were formed on electropolished surfaces of tantalum and niobium by conventional techniques. The films were then stripped from the metal, given a variety of thermal treatments in vacuum, and examined directly in the electron microscope. Crystallization of the amorphous films was induced by high‐temperature annealing or in the microscope itself by increasing the beam intensity. The distinguishing features of each type of crystallization process are discussed and illustrated with appropriate micrographs.
Effective Employee Engagement in the Workplace (2017)

Disengaged employees typically cost U.S. corporations $350 billion annually. The purpose of this case study was to explore strategies that some communication business leaders use to engage their employees. The target population consisted of four communication business leaders in Jackson, Mississippi, who possessed at least 1 year of successful employee engagement experience. The self-determination theory served as the study’s conceptual framework. Semistructured interviews were conducted, and the participating company’s archived documents were gathered. Patterns were identified through a rigorous process of data familiarization, data coding, and theme development and revision. Interpretations from the data were subjected to member-checking to ensure trustworthiness of the findings. Based on the methodological triangulation of the data collected, prominent themes emerged from thematically analyzing the data: rewards and recognition, empowering employees, and building a bond between leaders and employees.
Origin and Evolution of Human microRNAs From Transposable Elements (2007)

We sought to evaluate the extent of the contribution of transposable elements (TEs) to human microRNA (miRNA) genes along with the evolutionary dynamics of TE-derived human miRNAs. We found 55 experimentally characterized human miRNA genes that are derived from TEs, and these TE-derived miRNAs have the potential to regulate thousands of human genes. Sequence comparisons revealed that TE-derived human miRNAs are less conserved, on average, than non-TE-derived miRNAs. However, there are 18 TE-derived miRNAs that are relatively conserved, and 14 of these are related to the ancient L2 and MIR families. Comparison of miRNA vs. mRNA expression patterns for TE-derived miRNAs and their putative target genes showed numerous cases of anti-correlated expression that are consistent with regulation via mRNA degradation. In addition to the known human miRNAs that we show to be derived from TE sequences, we predict an additional 85 novel TE-derived miRNA genes. TE sequences are typically disregarded in genomic surveys for miRNA genes and target sites; this is a mistake. Our results indicate that TEs provide a natural mechanism for the origination miRNAs that can contribute to regulatory divergence between species as well as a rich source for the discovery of as yet unknown miRNA genes.
The Interaction of HgCl<sub>2</sub> with Sodium Thymonucleate (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Interaction of HgCl2 with Sodium ThymonucleateC. A. ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 23, 6032–6034Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01652a049https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01652a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Epidemiology of Glaucoma: The Past, Present, and Predictions for the Future (2020)

Glaucoma is a multifactorial optic degenerative neuropathy characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells. It is a combination of vascular, genetic, anatomical, and immune factors. Glaucoma poses a significant public health concern as it is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts, and this blindness is usually irreversible. It is estimated that 57.5 million people worldwide are affected by primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). People over 60 years of age, family members of those already diagnosed with glaucoma, steroid users, diabetics, as well as those with high myopia, hypertension, central cornea thickness of <5 mm, and eye injury are at an increased risk of glaucoma. By 2020, it is expected that approximately 76 million people will suffer from glaucoma with that number estimated to reach 111.8 million by 2040. In this article, we perform an extensive literature review focusing on the epidemiology of glaucoma and try to determine the number of people affected; we categorize them by sex, location, and level of income. Furthermore, we strive to estimate the future projection of the disease in the next 20 years (2040) while determining the disease burden, including the cost involved in treating and preventing the disease and the disease and disability projection of glaucoma.
Separated Adsorption and Bacterial Degradation of Microcystins in GAC Filtration (2006)

For removal of microcystins, live tumor promoting cyanotoxins, from the final drinking water product granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration has shown to be a very promising option. It is not only an efficient adsorbent for microcystins it can also be operated as a biological reactor in which bacterial degradation of the toxins could be expected and consequently extends the life-time of this application. However, the competitive adsorption of the coexistent natural organic matters (NOM) in all natural water sources would cause early breakthrough of microcystins. And before initiation of the bio degradation, a lag-phase with uncertain length usually appears for acclimatisation of the microorganisms. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the GAC adsorption of microcystins in water treatment plant. Three columns, including a sterile and a non-sterile GAC column and a sand column were studied for separation of the adsorption and biodegradation mechanisms in GAC filtration. The results from the study indicate that the effective lifetime of a virgin GAC bed for microcystin adsorption was considerably short under non-sterile conditions, only 10-15 days (900 - 1400 bed volumes) based on the prescribed m-LR concentration of <1 g/L recommended (WHO, 1998). However, the same toxin breakthrough occurred after more than one month in the sterile GAC filter. Enhanced or complete removal reappeared when the biodegradation of microcystins commenced in the filter, which became the primary function for toxin removal rather than adsorption. Also, GAC appeared to be a better substrate for biofilm attachment and development when compared with the non-porous clean sand of the same particle size in this study.
Optimization of medium for production of L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodotorula glutinis (2000)

The medium for production of L-phenglalanine ammonia lyase from Rhodotorulla glutinis was optimized by means of single facor and orthogonal experiments. The concentration of L-phenylalanine converted by L-phenylalamine ammonia lyase increased from 2.0g/100ml to 3.3g/100ml in the optimized conditions.