gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical spectroscopy of field-induced charge in poly(3-hexyl thienylene) metal-insulator-semiconductor structures: Evidence for polarons (1991)

We have fabricated metal-insulator-semiconductor structures with poly(3-hexyl thienylene) as the active semiconductor. Optical-absorption bands due to injected carriers seen near 0.4, 1.80, and 2.16 eV are assigned to the optical transitions of the singly charged polaron, which is expected to be the thermodynamically favored excitation under these experimental conditions. Additional absorption bands at 0.5 and 1.18 eV are assigned to optical transitions of doubly charged bipolarons. We contrast the strong confinement deduced for the polaron (gap states separated by 1.80 eV) with the weak confinement observed for bipolarons (gap states separated by 0.7 eV).
Synergistic Approach to Develop Antibacterial Electrospun Scaffolds Using Honey and <i>S</i>-Nitroso-<i>N</i>-acetyl Penicillamine (2021)

Bacterial infections have been increasingly recognized as the major reason for the failure of tissue engineering scaffolds. Therefore, there is a need for novel and multifunctional biomaterials that not only enhance tissue regeneration but also can combat infections. An antibacterial and bioactive scaffold was fabricated in this study by incorporation of honey and a nitric oxide (NO) donor, <i>S</i>-nitroso-<i>N</i>-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), into polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibers using a single-jet electrospinning method. The morphology of the prepared nanofibers was observed using a scanning electron microscope. PLA/honey/SNAP (PLA/HN/SNAP) nanofibers had an average diameter of 624.92 ± 137.69 nm and showed a sustained release of NO for 48 h. The scaffolds were characterized for their chemical composition via Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, the tensile properties of nanofibers along with their wettability, water retention ability, and water vapor transmission rate were evaluated. The results of antibacterial studies revealed that the synergistic combination of honey and SNAP significantly reduced the viability of Gram positive <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Gram negative <i>Escherichia coli</i>. In addition, qualitative and quantitative 3T3 fibroblast cell culturing experiments proved that the PLA/HN/SNAP scaffolds supported better cell attachment and proliferation compared to PLA. The promising results obtained in this study indicate that PLA/HN/SNAP nanofibrous scaffolds have great potential for tissue engineering applications.
Urticaria Subsequent to Administration of Influenza Vaccine (1979)

Described is an 11-year-old girl who had a reaction including urticaria and asthma to influenza immunization. The urticaria lasted for nine days. This patient had no clinical sensitivity to egg and no skin test reactivity to egg, but she did show positive skin test reactions to influenza B and bivalent flu vaccine. Since passive transfer did not produce positive skin tests, it would appear that the reactions were not IgE-mediated. The patient has not had subsequent urticaria. The possibility exists of reactions to influenza virus antigens or bacterial or other contaminants of the vaccine. More complete and detailed information about "contaminants" in influenza (and other egg embryo) vaccines should be made available so that these factors can be taken into consideration in seeking the cause of reactions to these vaccines and in possibly preventing reactions.
Damping in Ferrous Shape Memory Alloys (1993)

The damping properties of Fe-Mn-Si, Fe-Ni-Co-Ti and Fe-Al-C alloy systems were examined by DMTA and oscillation methods. The martensite transformations and microstructures were studied and examined by TEM, resistivity, and DSC. High damping was found in FeMnSi and FeNiCoTi alloys with microstructures containing glissile inter-variant martensite interfaces, while those with sessile inter-variant martensite interfaces exhibit lower damping. The general agreement between the damping peaks and transformation temperatures further confirms the close relations between high damping and shape memory behavior.
ChemInform Abstract: MODIFIED CROWN ETHER CATALYSTS. 2. SYNTHESIS OF ALKANOYL‐, AROYL‐, α‐HYDROXYALKYL‐ AND ALKYLBENZO AND ALKYLCYCLOHEXANO CROWN ETHERS (1981)

Abstract Aus den makrocyclischen Polyethern (Ia)‐(IIIa) mit anellierten Benzolringen werden durch Behandlung mit Carbonsäuren in Gegenwart von Phosphorpentoxid und Methansulfonsäure die entsprechenden Acyl‐Verbindungen (Ib)‐(IIIb) erhalten und diese mit Boranat zu den Carbinolen (Ic)‐(IIIc) reduziert.
Inactivation of general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase from pig kidney by 2-alkynoyl coenzyme A derivatives: initial aspects (1985)

Pig kidney general acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is rapidly, stoichiometrically, and irreversibly inactivated by the acetylenic thio ester 2-octynoyl coenzyme A (2-octynoyl-CoA). The inhibitor binds initially to the dehydrogenase with a 10-nm red shift and increased resolution of the flavin chromophore, followed by the generation of a charge-transfer complex between some form of the bound inhibitor and oxidized flavin (lambda max 800 nm; epsilon app = 4.5 mM-1 cm-1; k1 = 1.07 min-1, at pH 7.6, 25 degrees C). The rate of formation of the long wavelength band is increased markedly with increasing pH (pKapp = 7.9). This intermediate then decays with release of about 0.6 mol of CoASH at pH 7.6, yielding a final form with a spectrum typical of bound oxidized flavin. Both irreversible inactivation and covalent modification of the protein occur prior to the decay of the long wavelength species. The modified dehydrogenase is not reduced on prolonged anaerobic incubation with the substrate octanoyl-CoA. The inactive enzyme is unusually resistant to dithionite reduction but may be readily photoreduced via the blue semiquinone to the dihydroflavin form. This reduced enzyme is rapidly reoxidized by electron-transferring flavoprotein, the physiological electron acceptor of the dehydrogenase. General acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is also inactivated by 2-pentynoyl- and 2-pentadecynoyl-CoA with formation of an 800-nm band of lower intensity and by propiolyl-CoA, phenylpropiolyl-CoA, and 2-octynoylpantetheine without the appearance of detectable intermediate species. These data are compared with the behavior of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases toward mechanism-based inactivators carrying an acetylene function at C-3, e.g., 3-butynoyl-CoA.
Manganese superoxide dismutase‐plasmid/liposome (MnSOD‐PL) administration protects mice from esophagitis associated with fractionated radiation (2001)

Intraesophageal administration of manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) prior to single fraction radiation has been shown to protect mice from lethal esophagitis. In our study, C3H/HeNsd mice received fractionated radiation in two protocols: (i) 18 Gy daily for four days with MnSOD-PL administration 24 hr prior to the first and third fraction, or (ii) 12 Gy daily for six days with MnSOD-PL 24 hr prior to the first, third, and fifth fraction. Control radiated mice received either no liposomes only or LacZ (bacterial beta-galactosidase gene)-plasmid/liposome (LacZ-PL) by the same schedules. We measured thiol depletion and lipid peroxidation (LP) in whole esophagus and tested the effectiveness of a new plasmid, hemagglutinin (HA) epitope-tagged MnSOD (HA-MnSOD). In fractionation protocols, mice receiving MnSOD-PL, but not LacZ-PL (200 microl of plasmid/liposomes containing 200 microg of plasmid DNA), showed a significant reduction in morbidity, decreased weight loss, and improved survival. Four and seven days after 37 Gy single fraction radiation, the esophagus demonstrated a significant increase in peroxidized lipids and reduction in overall antioxidant levels, reduced thiols, and decreased glutathione (GSH). These reductions were modulated by MnSOD-PL administration. The HA-MnSOD plasmid product was detected in the basal layers of the esophageal epithelium 24 hr after administration and provided significant radiation protection compared to glutathione peroxidase-plasmid/liposome (GPX-PL), or liposomes containing MnSOD protein, vitamin E, co-enzyme Q10, or 21-aminosteroid. Thus, MnSOD-PL administration significantly improved tolerance to fractionated radiation and modulated radiation effects on levels of GSH and lipid peroxidation (LP). These studies provide further support for translation of MnSOD-PL treatment into human esophageal radiation protection.
A Photometric Separator for Precision Visual Spectrophotometry (1950)

The photometric separator here described, illuminated by monochromatic light, enables accurate visual measurements of the transmission factors of parallel plates to be made. The geometrical design has been developed to eliminate systematic errors. The scale of densities depends upon Talbot law. Within the uncertainties of visual settings, the results of measurements are in very good accordance with those obtained from the best available photoelectric methods. Improvements are possible with a larger monochromator.
Compressed sensing radar (2008)

A stylized compressed sensing radar is proposed in which the time-frequency plane is discretized into an N by N grid. Assuming that the number of targets K is small (i.e. KLtN <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), then we can transmit a sufficiently ldquoincoherentrdquo pulse and employ the techniques of compressed sensing to reconstruct the target scene. A theoretical upper bound on the sparsity K is presented. Numerical simulations verify that even better performance can be achieved in practice. By comparing traditional uncertainty principles with those of compressed sensing, this novel approach reveals great potential for better resolution over classical radar.
Velocity Distributions after Laser‐Induced Desorption of NO from NiO(100)—The Role of the Angular Coordinate (1998)

Abstract The experimental velocity distributions of NO desorbing from a NiO(100)‐surface are simulated using a time‐dependent wave packet method. Including the polar angle between the surface normal and the adsorbate molecular axis yields bimodal distributions in the correct velocity range and reasonable desorption probabilities if a resonance lifetime on the order of 25 fs is assumed. For two‐dimensional simulations, an angular‐independent charge‐transfer‐state was chosen as excited state in order to investigate the influence of the electronic ground‐state on the final state distributions. We compare our results with wave packet calculations using a representative ab initio angular‐dependent excited‐state potential energy surface using a three‐dimensional Hamiltonian.
Free energy of an inhomogeneous polymer–polymer–solvent system. II (1992)

Abstract A complete expression for the enthalpy of mixing of inhomogeneous polymer–polymer–solvent systems applicable for small as well as large concentration fluctuations has been developed. This is used to express the free energy of inhomogeneous polymer–polymer–solvent systems in an extended form of the Landau‐Ginzburg functional. The gradient energy parameters obtained here are consistent with the published results. The free energy functional has been applied to develop a generalized continuity equation for spinodal decomposition in polymer–polymer systems. A linearized version of this continuity equation has been used to study the effect of the gradient terms on the dominant wavelength during spinodal decomposition.
Inter-laboratory evaluation of the bioluminescent Salmonella reverse mutation assay using 10 model chemicals (2009)

We have developed the bioluminescent Salmonella reverse mutation assay as a tool for detecting mutagenicity applicable for high-throughput screening of new chemicals. In this study, we report the inter-laboratory evaluation of the assay using 10 model chemicals in five independent laboratories located in the USA (Groton, CT; Cambridge, MA and La Jolla, CA), Europe (Sandwich, Kent, UK) and Asia (Nagoya, Japan). The studies were performed in blinded fashion in all sites except for Groton and Cambridge laboratories. The chemicals were tested in at least three independent experiments using strains TA98-lux and TA100-lux in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. The results were statistically evaluated and compared to published results. Seven of the 10 compounds were positive in either TA98-lux and/or TA100-lux in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. The positive compound set included: nitrofurazone, 3-3'-dimethoxybenzidine, benzo[a]pyrene, 1,4-benzoquinone dioxime, 2-amino-5-nitrophenol, 2-bromo-4,6-dinitroaniline and busulfan. The remaining three compounds, namely, anthracene, crystal violet and benzyl chloride were negative in both Salmonella strains. Final results for individual compounds yielded 100% agreement among the laboratories and published data. Detailed comparison of all 40 individual test conditions yielded 93% (37 of 40) agreement among participating laboratories. We conclude that the bioluminescent Salmonella reverse mutation assay is a robust, accurate and economical higher throughput assay applicable for the mutagenicity screening of chemicals.
Detection of Toxin Production by Bacteroides fragilis: Assay Development and Screening of Extraintestinal Clinical Isolates (1996)

Strains of Bacteroides fragilis that produce an extracellular 20-kD heat-labile toxin have been epidemiologically associated with diarrheal disease. To standardize detection of the B. fragilis toxin (BFT), a detailed description of the methods for identifying BFT production by B. fragilis strains is reported. To further study the role of toxigenic strains of B. fragilis in clinical disease, extraintestinal clinical isolates that were recovered at an urban east-cost hospital were evaluated. Four (6.2%) of 65 isolates produced BFT. Three cases in which BFT-producing B. fragilis were isolated from extraintestinal sites are reported. In contrast to studies from Japan that have reported BFT production by 23.4% of extraintestinal B. fragilis isolates, we conclude that BFT-producing strains of B. fragilis are infrequently associated with extraintestinal B. fragilis disease at our institution. Additional study will be necessary to better define the importance of BFT production in human disease due to B. fragilis.
Genetic Structure of the <i>nadA</i> and <i>nadB</i> Antivirulence Loci in <i>Shigella</i> spp (2007)

Comparison of nadA and nadB in 14 Shigella strains and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli versus E. coli showed that at least one locus is altered in all strains. These observations explain the characteristic nicotinic acid auxotrophy of Shigella organisms and are consistent with the previously identified antivirulence nature of these genes for these pathogens.
Thermopower of mesoscopic and disordered systems (1995)

The transport coefficients of a one-dimensional (1D) disordered mesoscopic conductor are obtained with the use of the uncertainty principle. We calculate the thermopower and efficiency of the thermoelectric effect for several cases. Within the Landauer picture (a 1D disordered mesoscopic wire connecting two electron reservoirs) we consider two barriers connected in series and in parallel. In these systems it is possible to control the transport by applying electric or magnetic fields. Thus, we suggest several ways to manipulate the thermopower and the efficiency. We also consider systems which have a conductivity threshold (as a function of the electronic energy). Near such a threshold the thermopower and thermoelectric efficiency can be enhanced and the Wiedemann-Franz law breaks down.
Baseline demographics and characteristics of the patients. (2015)

<p>*Values are mean ± SD (n = 10).</p><p>**0.9 mg (8 males and 1 female), 0.6 mg (1 male).</p><p>***1 patient had previously been treated with insulin only, and had switched to liraglutide 3 months prior to initiation of the study.</p><p>AST: Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT).</p><p>ALT: Alanine aminotransferase (SGPT).</p><p>BUN: Blood urea nitrogen.</p><p>CPK: Creatinine phosphokinase.</p><p>Baseline demographics and characteristics of the patients.</p>
ASHP Foundation Pharmacy Forecast 2019: Strategic Planning Advice for Pharmacy Departments in Hospitals and Health Systems (2018)

# Foreword {#article-title-2}

The ASHP Research and Education Foundation (“the Foundation”) is pleased to present the seventh edition of the annual Pharmacy Forecast . We are again pleased to disseminate the Pharmacy Forecast through AJHP, providing readers with easy access to the report. The
Phase artefact reduction in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) (2006)

Cross-sectional conductivity imaging in magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) requires the measurement of internal magnetic flux density using an MRI scanner. Current injection MRI techniques have been used to induce magnetic flux density distributions that appear in phase parts of the obtained MR signals. Since any phase error, as well as noise, deteriorates the quality of reconstructed conductivity images, we must minimize them during the data acquisition process. In this paper, we describe a new method to correct unavoidable phase errors to reduce artefacts in reconstructed conductivity images. From numerical simulations and phantom experiments, we found that the zeroth- and first-order phase errors can be effectively minimized to produce better conductivity images. The promising results suggest that this technique should be employed together with improved MREIT pulse sequences in future studies of high-resolution conductivity imaging.
Pharmacokinetics Parameters in Drug Package Inserts (3) (2011)

The inter- and intra-trial variability of maximum plasma concentration, a pharmacokinetics parameter of standard products, was investigated for various generic products (GEs) in biological equivalence clinical studies. A correlation between such variability and the typical physical properties of the GEs was also investigated. The product with the maximum inter-trial variability was an ethyl icosapentate GE, and that with the minimum variability was a theophylline one. The average value of the coefficient of inter-trial variation (CVc) of all the investigated GEs was 24.6±1.8% (mean ± standard error). In addition, there was significant positive correlation between CVc and LogP, a lipophilic parameter. This suggests that the absorption of medicines with high lipophilicity was greatly influenced by the intestinal condition factors of subjects, such as the elapsed time after a meal, the content of the meal and volume of water drunk with the medicine; which caused the inter-trial variability.On the other hand, intra-trial variability was high for medicines that were substrates of metabolic enzymes and/or transporters with genetic polymorphism and it was thought that this was a major reason for the individual pharmacokinetic differences of these medicines.
Etch mechanisms of hybrid low-k material (SiOCH with porogen) in fluorocarbon based plasma (2007)

International audience
A method for the computation of finite frequency body wave synthetic seismograms in laterally varying media (1982)

Body wave synthetic siesmograms for laterally varying media are computed by means of a slowness implementation of the extended WKBJ (EWKBJ) theory of Frazer & Phinney. An EWKBJ seismogram is computed by first tracing rays through a particular model to obtain conventional ray information (travel time, ray end point, ray slowness) and then using these data in the finite frequency integral expression for the EWKBJ seismogram. The EWKBJ seismograms compare favourably to geometrical ray theory (GRT) seismograms but are significantly better because of the finite frequency nature of the EWKBJ calculation. More realistic behaviour is obtained with EWKBJ seismograms at normal seismic frequencies near caustics, where the GRT amplitude is infinite, and within geometrical shadow zones where GRT predicts zero amplitudes. In addition the EWKBJ calculation is more sensitive than GRT to focuses and defocuses in the ray field. The major disadvantage of the EWKBJ calculation is the additional computer time over that of GRT, necessary to calculate one seismogram although an EWKBJ seismogram costs much less to compute than a reflectivity seismogram. Another disadvantage of EWKBJ theory is the generation of spurious, non-geometrical phases that are associated with rapidly varying lateral inhomogeneities. Fortunately the amplitudes of these spurious phases are usually much lower than that of neighbouring geometrical phases so that the spurious phases can usually be ignored. When this observation is combined with the moderately increased computational time of the EWKBJ calculation then the gain in finite frequency character significantly outweighs any disadvantages.
Collective Movement Method for Swarm Robot based on a Thermodynamic Model (2017)

In this paper, a distributed collective movement control method is proposed for a swarm robotics system based on an internal energy thermodynamic model. The system can move between obstacles with a changing aggregation suitable for confronting obstacle arrangements in an environment. The swarm robot shape is a fixed aggregation formed by virtual attraction and repulsion forces based on the proposed method. It follows a leader agent while retaining its shape. When the swarm robot aggregation shape cannot be maintained during movement though narrow spaces with obstacles, the swarm robot flexibly changes shape according to that of the local environment. To this end, it employs virtual thermal motion, which is made possible with directives and enables continuous movement. A simulation confirmed the capability of the proposed method in enabling the solidity and flexibility collective movement of swarm robots. The results furthermore showed that the parameter setting range is important for applying the proposed method to collective movement.
Polymer-based catalysts. Progress report, July 1, 1980-June 30, 1981 (1981)

Research carried out under this contract period has centered around the following: (1) developing methods for probing active site mobility, macroenvironment, microenvironment and efficiency of triphase catalysts, (2) preparing and evaluating a variety of polyether-based triphase catalysts, (3) synthesizing key monomers from which sequestered ligands are to be prepared, and (4) demonstrating the synthetic utility of simple poly(acrylamide) gels as solid phase cosolvents.
A Generalized Absorbing Boundary Condition for Elliptic Harbor Wave Models (2002)

Conventional absorbing boundary conditions used in elliptic harbor wave models usually do not consider the effect of incident angle and amplitude variation of the outgoing waves at a boundary. In this paper, a generalized absorbing boundary condition with linear approximation is developed to account for these effects. Improved solutions have been obtained using the new boundary condition in three test cases that show little spurious boundary reflections. The proposed boundary condition increases the reliability of model predictions for complex real-world applications.