gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Document image cleanup and binarization</title> (1998)

Image binarization is a difficult task for documents with text over textured or shaded backgrounds, poor contrast, and/or considerable noise. Current optical character recognition (OCR) and document analysis technology do not handle such documents well. We have developed a simple yet effective algorithm for document image clean-up and binarization. The algorithm consists of two basic steps. In the first step, the input image is smoothed using a low-pass filter. The smoothing operation enhances the text relative to any background texture. This is because background texture normally has higher frequency than text does. The smoothing operation also removes speckle noise. In the second step, the intensity histogram of the smoothed image is computed and a threshold automatically selected as follows. For black text, the first peak of the histogram corresponds to text. Thresholding the image at the value of the valley between the first and second peaks of the histogram binarizes the image well. In order to reliably identify the valley, the histogram is smoothed by a low-pass filter before the threshold is computed. The algorithm has been applied to some 50 images from a wide variety of source: digitized video frames, photos, newspapers, advertisements in magazines or sales flyers, personal checks, etc. There are 21820 characters and 4406 words in these images. 91 percent of the characters and 86 percent of the words are successfully cleaned up and binarized. A commercial OCR was applied to the binarized text when it consisted of fonts which were OCR recognizable. The recognition rate was 84 percent for the characters and 77 percent for the words.
Electrochemical oxidation of 4-substituted urazoles in the presence of arylsulfinic acids: an efficient method for the synthesis of new sulfonamide derivatives (2012)

Electrochemical synthesis of some new sulfonamide derivatives was carried out via the electrooxidation of 4-substituted urazoles in the presence of arylsulfinic acids. The results show that electrogenerated 4-alkyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diones participated in a Michael-type reaction with arylsulfinic acids and, via an “electron transfer + chemical reaction” (EC) mechanism, were converted to the corresponding sulfonamide derivatives. In this work, some new sulfonamide derivatives with high yields in aqueous solutions, without toxic reagents and solvents at a carbon electrode using an environmentally friendly novel method, are provided.
MRM screening/biomarker discovery with linear ion trap MS: a library of human cancer-specific peptides (2009)

Preliminary experiments have demonstrated that putative biomarkers, that are not detectable by conventional data dependent MS acquisition methods in complex un-fractionated samples, can be reliable identified with the information provided in this library. Based on the spectral count, the quality of a tandem mass spectrum and the m/z values for a parent peptide and its most abundant daughter ions, MRM conditions can be selected to enable the detection of target peptides and proteins.
Symptomatic cataplexy. (1977)

The case is described of a man who developed attacks of cataplexy, narcolepsy, and sleep paralysis because of microglioma which infiltrated the walls and floor of the IIIrd ventricle and the upper brain stem. The mechanisms by which the pathology is related to the symptoms are discussed.
A REVIEW ON PHYTOREMEDIATI ON OF HEAVY METALS AND UTILIZATION OF ITS BYPRODUCTS (2005)

This review presents the status of phytoremediation technologies with particular emphasis on phytoextraction of soil heavy metal contamination. Unlike organic compounds, metals cannot be degraded, and cleanup usually requires their removal. Most of the conventional remedial technologies are expensive and inhibit the soil fertility; this subsequently causes negative impacts on the ecosystem. Phytoremediation is a cost effective, environmental friendly, aesthetically pleasing approach most suitable for developing countries. Despite this potential, phytoremediation is yet to become a commercially available technology in India. This paper reports about the mobility, bioavaliability and plant response to presence of soil heavy metals. It classifies the plants according to phytoextraction mechanism and discusses the pathway of metal in plants. Various techniques to enhance phytoextraction and utilization of by-products have been elaborated. Since lot of biomass is produced during this process, it needs proper disposal and management. It also gives an insight into the work done by authors, which focuses on high biomass extractor plants. High biomas weeds were selected to restrict the passage of contaminants into the food chain by selecting non-edible, disease resistant and tolerant plants, which can provide renewable energy. Thus making phytoextraction more viable for present utilization.
Optical Filter Design and Analysis: A Signal Processing Approach (1999)

From the Publisher:
A Unique, Cutting-Edge Approach to Optical Filter Design With more and more information being transmitted over fiber-optic lines, optical filtering has become crucial to the advanced functionality of todays communications networks. Helping researchers and engineers keep pace with this rapidly evolving technology, this book presents digital processing techniques for optical filter design. This higher-level approach focuses on filter characteristics and enables readers to quickly calculate the filter response as well as tackle larger and more complex filters. The authors incorporate numerous theoretical and experimental results from the literature and discuss applications to a variety of systemsincluding the new wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology, which is fast becoming the preferred method for system upgrade and expansion. Special features of this book include:
*The theory underlying various architectures that can approximate any filter function
*Filter design techniques applicable to a broad range of materials systemsfrom silica to fiber to microelectromechanical (MEM) systems
*Design examples relevant to filters for WDM systems and planar waveguide devices
*250 figures as well as problem sets for use in graduate-level studies
The Cliff Head Field Development—Flow Assurance and Production Chemistry Challenges in a Marginal Field Context (2009)

Summary The Cliff Head Field, offshore Western Australia, faced significant development challenges because of its location and reservoir fluid properties. The influence of these challenges is apparent in the development solution adopted from sandface to market. The modest reserve size required the application of a number of firsts, including coiled tubing (CT), deployed electric submersible pumps (ESPs) combined with intelligent completion technology, a novel water "spike" approach to waxy crude transportation, a distributed chemical injection system, a remote-controlled, normally unmanned production platform, produced water re-injection, and "hydrofrac" water-injection capacity. This paper describes the flow assurance and production chemistry challenges facing the development, the resulting development solution, and the production history to date.
Double-Blind Comparison of An Acetaminophen 400 mg-Codeine 25 mg Combination Versus Aspirin 1000 mg and Placebo in Acute Migraine Attack (1994)

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of a single dose of the acetaminophen 400 mg-codeine 25 mg combination (ACC) aspirin 1000 mg (A) and a placebo (P) for the treatment of acute migraine attack. The study design was randomized, multicentre, double-blind and double dummy with cross-over on three periods. Of the 198 patients who had three attacks 29.8%, 52.3% and 49.7% had recorded the complete or almost complete disappearance of the pain at 2 h after P, A and ACC respectively. When compared with the placebo, the difference was significant for the A and ACC. When complete disappearance of pain at 2 h was used as a criterion, no significant difference was observed. These results enabled the sensitivity of the evaluation criteria suggested for clinical trials of migraine attack to be discussed.
Translating the Body (2018)

Two distinct nursing styles fought for dominance within the nursing world in the interwar period and British Malaya provides a historical laboratory with which to study the varied goals of British and North American nursing. Where the British approach in the field relied upon the notion of “character,” the North American model favored a more techno-scientific approach emphasizing the importance of leadership. The “organic” British approach appears to contrast with that of American colonial policy and that of the American Rockefeller Foundation (RF) in the Philippines, where there was a concerted attempt to lay down a legacy and create “lighthouses” of leadership. Yet, British and North American attitudes were initially similar in two respects: training of local nurses and the feminization of the local nursing workforce. However, the focus of this chapter is the collaboration and conflict between American and British nursing styles in British Malaya in the 1920s and 1930s. The title of this chapter refers to the experience of a nurse, Elizabeth Darville, who was trained in Britain, recruited by the Overseas Nursing Association (ONA), and was inspired by further training in North America before working in Malaya where she experienced a clash of attitudes. The challenges which Darville faced reveal that “Western” nursing and medical leadership styles were not homogenous in colonial contexts. The chapter concludes by considering how lethargic British nursing was in laying down a clear legacy of leadership throughout the period of British rule.
Collagen and Cellular Proliferation in Spontaneous Canine Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (1982)

Towards defining an animal model for study of cellular as well as extracellular matrix accumulation in human benign hypertrophy (BPH), cell number and levels of collagen and zinc were measured in normal and spontaneously hypertrophied canine prostate glands. The increased gland weight in canine BPH was accompanied by increased contents of DNA, collagen and zinc. Concentrations of collagen and zinc in BPH did not differ from normal. These findings indicate that canine BPH involves true hyperplasia and may represent an overgrowth of normal cellular and extracellular components. Canine BPH may prove to be a useful animal model for study not only of cellular proliferation, but also of the connective tissue and zinc accumulation in the human disease.
Improving the Detection of Malware Behaviour Using Simplified Data Dependent API Call Graph (2013)

Malware stands for malicious software. It is software that is designed with a harmful intent. A malware detector is a system that attempts to identify malware using Application Programming Interface (API) call graph technique and/or other techniques. Matching the API call graph using graph matching algorithm have NP-complete problem and is slow because of computational complexity .In this study, a malware detection system based on API call graph is proposed. Each malware sample is represented as data dependent API call graph. After transforming the input sample into a simplified data dependent graph, graph matching algorithm is used to calculate similarity between the input sample and malware API call graph samples stored in a database. The graph matching algorithm is based on Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) algorithm which is used on the simplified graphs. Such strategy reduces the computation complexity by selecting paths with the same edge label in the API call graph. Experimental results on 85 samples demonstrate 98% detection rate and 0% false positive rate for the proposed malware detection system.
A transform domain classified vector quantizer for image coding (1992)

An image-coding technique, in which the discrete cosine transform (DCT) is combined with a classified vector quantization (CVQ), is presented. A DCT-transformed input block is classified according to the perceptual feature, partitioned into several smaller vectors, and then vector quantized. An efficient edge-oriented classifier employing the DCT coefficients as feature for classification is used to maintain the edge integrity in the reconstructed image. Based on a smaller geometric mean vector variance, a partition scheme in which 2-D DCT coefficients are divided into several smaller size vectors is also investigated. Because the distortion rate function (DRF) used is essential for the bit allocation algorithm to perform well, attempts have been made to modify the asymptotic DRF to estimate the performance of real VQs at low bit rates, and the modification is shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. Simulation results indicate that a good visual quality of the coded image in the range of 0.4 approximately 0.7 b/pixel is obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Voto electrónico societario, el reto de 2010 para las sociedades cotizadas (2010)

Este trabajo ha obtenido el Accésit Premio Estudios Financieros 2010 en la modalidad de DERECHO CIVIL Y MERCANTIL. Los medios de control para el gobierno de las sociedades han sido siempre materia de estudio del Derecho societario, importancia y desarrollo que se ha potencializado con la globalización económica; ante ello se ha cuestionado la utilidad y eficacia del voto societario y la junta de accionistas como mecanismos de control. En consecuencia, la pertinencia del estudio y desarrollo de mecanismos eficaces de control que fomenten administraciones societarias óptimas, lícitas y rentables resulta imprescindible, destacando el aprovechamiento de las nuevas tecnologías en el voto societario; ello sumado a la Directiva 2007/36/CE, que al facilitar el voto transfronterizo obliga a las sociedades que cotizan en un mercado de valores de la Unión permitir a los socios votar electrónicamente en las juntas de accionistas, transposición que finalizó el 3 de agosto de 2009. En este contexto, el voto electrónico se posiciona como una línea de investigación relevante, vigente, necesaria y con gran proyección. Y los resultados que arroje el 2010 en cuanto al seguimiento de los principios del Gobierno Corporativo, la participación de los accionistas y el aprovechamiento de las nuevas tecnologías determinará en buena medida la eficacia de la revitalización del voto y de la junta de accionistas y, en consecuencia, incidirá de forma relevante en el futuro de la práctica societaria en España y la Unión Europea.
Chronic erythema nodosum (1969)

From a careful study of nine patients with chronic inflammatory nodose lesions of the legs, we have concluded that there is a chronic form of EN which has a varied clinical presentation but a common histology typical of EN. This form of EN can continue for years. Patients with this condition are generally healthy and do not have any serious associated systemic disease. After reviewing the recent relevant literature and relating it to our experience, it appears that CEN is the same entity as subacute nodular migratory panniculitis, erythema nodosum migrans, nodular vasculitis, and probably erythema induratum. We see no value in continuing to subclassify these conditions purely on the basis of minor morphologic variations.
Near Real-Time Hydraulic Fracturing Event Recognition Using Deep Learning Methods (2020)

Summary This paper provides the technical details of developing models to enable automated stage-wise analyses to be implemented within the real-time completion (RTC) analytics system. The models—two of which use machine learning (ML), including the convolutional neural network (CNN) technique (LeCun et al. 1990) and the U-Net architecture (Ronneberger et al. 2015)—detect the hydraulic fracture stage start and end, identify the ball seat operation, and categorize periods of pump rate. These tasks are performed on the basis of the two reliably available measurements of slurry rate and wellhead pressure, which enable the models to run automatically in real time, and also lay the foundation for further hydraulic fracturing advanced analyses. The presented solution provides real-time automated interpretations of hydraulic fracture events, enabling auto-generation of key performance indicator (KPI) reports, dispelling the need for manual labeling, and eliminating human bias and errors. It replaces the manual tasks in the RTC workflow/data pipeline and paves the way for a fully automated RTC system.
Are We Really Teaching Planning? (1993)

On 31 October 1993 in Columbus, Ohio, the Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning presented its Distinguished Planning Educator Award to Melville C Branch The following comments were prepared by Professor Branch from speaking notes of his remarks in response to a reguest from the editors
Using Your Handheld Lawn and Garden Sprayer (2009)

PI-175, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by F. M. Fishel, advises homeowners in choosing the right type of handheld sprayer and using it properly. Includes examples and additional sources of information. Published by the UF Department of Agronomy, January 2009. PI 175/PI211: Using Your Handheld Lawn and Garden Sprayer (ufl.edu)
Interaction of tubulin with guanosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) diastereoisomers: Specificity of the .alpha.-phosphate binding region (1994)

The exchangeable nucleotide-binding site of tubulin has been studied using diastereoisomers A (Sp) and B (Rp) of guanosine 5'-O-(1-thiotriphosphate) (GTP alpha S) in which the phosphorus atom to which sulfur is attached is chiral. GTP alpha S(A) (10 microM) nucleated assembly of purified tubulin (20 microM) into microtubules in buffer containing 0.1 M 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid with 3 mM Mg2+ and 1 mM EGTA, pH 6.6 at 37 degrees C. With 0.2 mM GTP alpha S(A), the critical concentration (Cc; minimum protein concentration required for assembly) was 8 microM tubulin. Neither 0.2 mM GTP nor GTP alpha S(B) promoted microtubule assembly in buffer with 0.5-6.75 mM Mg2+ and 20-70 microM tubulin. The Cc values for GTP alpha S-(A)-induced assembly of tubulin in buffer with 30% glycerol and of microtubule protein (tubulin and microtubule-associated proteins) in buffer were lower than for GTP. GTP alpha S(A)-induced microtubules were more stable to the cold and to Ca2+. GTP alpha S(A) and GTP but not GTP alpha S(B) bound tightly to tubulin at 4 degrees C. Although GTP alpha S(B) did not nucleate assembly, it did bind to tubulin since it was incorporated into the growing microtubule. Both isomers were hydrolyzed in the microtubules. These studies show that GTP alpha S(A) promotes tubulin assembly better than GTP and GTP alpha S(B) and that there is stereoselectivity at the alpha-phosphate binding region of tubulin. The stereoselectivity may be due to different MgGTP alpha S(A) and -(B) interactions with tubulin.
Benzylidenepyruvic Acids. V. m-Nitrobenzylidenepyruvic Acid and Its Enol—Lactone Tautomer<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBenzylidenepyruvic Acids. V. m-Nitrobenzylidenepyruvic Acid and Its Enol—Lactone Tautomer*Emma Dietz Stecher, Anita Waldman, and Diane FabinyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 6, 1800–1805Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01017a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (846 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A cusp-like free-surface flow due to a submerged source or sink (1984)

Abstract A solution is found for a line source or sink beneath a free surface, at a unique squared Froude number of 12.622.
Vitamin B<sub>2</sub>‐sensitized Photo‐oxidation of Dopamine (2008)

Kinetics and mechanism of the photo-oxidation of the natural catecholamine-type neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) has been studied in aqueous solution, under aerobic conditions, in the presence of riboflavin (Rf, vitamin B(2)) as a photosensitizer. Results indicate the formation of a weak dark complex Rf-DA, with a mean apparent association constant K(ass) = 30 m(-1), only detectable at DA concentrations much higher than those employed in photochemical experiments. An intricate mechanism of competitive reactions operates upon photoirradiation. DA quenches excited singlet and triplet states of Rf, with rate constants of 4.2 x 10(9) and 2.2 x 10(9) m(-1) s(-1), respectively. With the catecholamine in a concentration similar to that of dissolved molecular oxygen in air-saturated water, DA and oxygen competitively quench the triplet excited state of Rf, generating superoxide radical anion (O(2)) and singlet molecular oxygen (O(2)((1)Delta(g))) by processes initiated by electron and energy-transfer mechanisms, respectively. Rate constants values of 1.9 x 10(8) and 6.6 x 10(6) m(-1) s(-1) have been obtained for the overall and reactive (chemical) interaction of DA with O(2)((1)Delta(g)). The presence of superoxide dismutase increases both the observed rates of aerobic DA photo-oxidation and oxygen uptake, due to its known catalytic scavenging of O(2), a species that could revert the overall photo-oxidation effect, according to the proposed reaction mechanism. As in most of the catecholamine oxidative processes described in the literature, aminochrome is the DA oxidation product upon visible light irradiation in the presence of Rf. It is generated with a quantum yield of 0.05.
Nonlinear diffusive mixing in microchannels: theory and experiments (2004)

Effective mixing is an important task in microfluidics for chemical and biochemical applications. Due to the small size and consequently the low Reynolds number, mixing in microchannels relies on diffusive transport. This paper discusses an analytical model of diffusive mixing in microchannels. The dimensionless analysis generalizes the solution for different channel sizes and different diffusion coefficients. The Peclet number is the only parameter of the model. Furthermore, the paper presents the result of a nonlinear model of diffusive mixing in microchannels. The nonlinear model considers the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the concentration. A simple micromixer was fabricated using a lamination technique. Measurement results with the micromixer verify the analytical results.
Automatic network topology discovery of EPON+EOC through SNMP (2011)

The network topology discovery is a part of network management and the basic of other network management functions. In the paper, by means of the data nodes defined in the national standards, a SNMP- based network discovery algorithm serving for the EPON+EOC (Ethernet Passive Optical Network + Ethernet over Coaxial cable) access networks is proposed and implemented. The method only needs SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) supported by CLT (Coaxial Line Terminal) and uses MIB (Management Information Base) informations stored in CLT, while other network devices are not requested. And we will find network devices and connectivity relationships.