gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alterations of oxidative phosphorylation complexes in astrocytomas (2014)

The shift in cellular energy production from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, even under aerobic conditions, called the Warburg effect, is a feature of most solid tumors. The activity levels of OXPHOS complexes and citrate synthase were determined in astrocytomas. A gradual decrease of citrate synthase and OXPHOS complexes was observed depending on tumor grade. In low-grade astrocytomas (WHO grade II), enzyme activities of citrate synthase, complex I, and complex V were comparable to those of normal brain tissue. A trend to reduced activities was observed for complexes II-IV. In glioblastoma (WHO grade IV), activities of citrate synthase and complexes I-IV were decreased by 56-92% as compared with normal brain. Immunohistochemical staining for porin revealed that the tumorpil of low-grade astrocytomas displays characteristics of the mitochondria-rich neuropil of normal brain tissue. In high-grade tumors (WHO grades III and IV), the tumorpil was characterized by severe morphologic alterations as well as loss of "pilem" structures. Specific alterations of OXPHOS complexes were observed in all astrocytic tumors by immunohistochemical analysis: 80% of astrocytomas exhibited severe deficiency of complex IV; complex I showed a gradual reduction in amount with increasing tumor grade, whereas complex II showed reduced levels only in high-grade (WHO grade IV) tumors (9/12); complexes III and V did not show significant alterations compared with normal brain tissue. OXPHOS defects were present not only in the cell bodies of tumor cells but also in the pilem structures, indicating that the ramifications/protuberances (tumorpil) in general originate from tumor cells.
Microsatellite DNA Loci Reveal Genetic Structure of Yellow Perch in Lake Michigan (2003)

The genetic population structure of yellow perch Perca flavescens was assessed, with a focus on spawning groups within Lake Michigan. Six microsatellite DNA loci were evaluated, which had heterozygosities ranging from 0.21 to 0.86 in samples from seven Lake Michigan locations and six others in the north-central United States. Genetic variation within samples was somewhat higher in Lake Michigan than in surrounding inland lakes. Genetic variation was also higher in the north-central United States than in a sample from the eastern United States. Exact tests for population differentiation and the fixation index RST indicated little differentiation among spawning groups within southern Lake Michigan or Green Bay (pairwise RST values,−0.005 to +0.014; P > 0.05 after sequential Bonferroni correction for multiple tests). However, spawning groups in Green Bay were distinct from those in Lake Michigan, and all inland locations were distinct from one another as well as from those in Lake Michigan (P < 0.01). All north-central U.S. samples were considerably different from the eastern U.S. sample (pairwise RST values 0.67–0.72). Although the sample sizes for northern Lake Michigan were limited, these fish grouped more closely with those from southern Lake Michigan than with those from Green Bay. There thus is evidence for the proposition that the yellow perch in Lake Michigan proper should be managed separately from those in Green Bay.
Some optimal schemes for ALU implementation in VLSI technology (1985)

An efficient scheme for carry propagation in an ALU implemented in n-MOS technology is presented. An algorithm that determines the optimum division of the carry chain of a parallel adder for various data path sizes is developed. This yields an implementation of a fast ALU which due to its regular structure occupies a modest amount of silicon. The speed of the implementation described is comparable to the carry look-ahead scheme. Our method is based on the optimization of the carry path implemented in n-MOS technology but the results can be applied to other technologies.
Synthesis of conducting graft copolymers of 2-(N-pyrrolyl)ethylvinyl ether with pyrrole (2001)

2-(N-pyrrolyl)ethylvinyl ether (2-NEVE) was synthesized from 2-chloroethylvinyl ether (2-CEVE) via a phase catalysis reaction. Cyclic voltammetric studies were carried out to check for the electroactivity of 2-NEVE. Poly(2-(N-pyrrolyl)ethylvinyl ether) [poly(2-NEVE)] was synthesized via chemical methods. Graft copolymers of pyrrole and 2-NEVE were synthesized by electrochemical methods. The chemical structures of 2-NEVE and poly(2-NEVE) were investigated by several spectroscopic methods. Graft copolymers were characterized by means of FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The conductivities of the graft copolymers were measured via a four-probe technique.
Anti-inflammatory Disease Therapies (2012)

DEVELOPING THERAPIES FOR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE: ANIMAL MODELS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES (COPD AND ASTHMA)
A Helical Cooling Channel System for Muon Colliders (2010)

Fast muon beam six dimensional (6D) phase space cooling is essential for muon colliders. The Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) uses hydrogen-pressurized RF cavities imbedded in a magnet system with solenoid, helical dipole, and helical quadrupole components that provide the continuous dispersion needed for emittance exchange and effective 6d beam cooling. A series of HCC segments, each with sequentially smaller aperture, higher magnetic field, and higher RF frequency to match the beam size as it is cooled, has been optimized by numerical simulation to achieve a factor of 10⁵ emittance reduction in a 300 m long channel with only a 40% loss of beam. Conceptual designs of the hardware required for this HCC system and the status of the RF studies and HTS helical solenoid magnet prototypes are described.
La Chondropathie Rotulienne (1977)

Nous décrivons tout d'abord les symptomes de la chondropathie rotulienne; nous rappellons ses examens divers et traitements. La manifestation clinique attribuée à la chondropathie rotulienne chez les jeunes sujets féminins relève assez fréquemment de plusieurs causes associées, la laxité articulaire, le traumatisme et les autres. Nous penserions, cependant, qu'elle montre la dégénérescence chondrale aussi banale que l'arthrose fémorotibiale au point de vue histologique, tandis qu'elle consiste d'une autre entité clinique. Jusqu'ici il existe peu de travaux d'ensemble consacrés à la chondropathie rotulienne au Japon. On pourrait la trouver plus fréquemment qu'on pensait, si plusieurs étapes devront être systématiquement franchies. Car c'est le premier pas vers l'orientation thérapeutique. Nous avons réalisé à ce jour les méthodes d'Elmslie-Trillat, Maquet ou Bandi, Slocum à la chondrectomie partielle selon l'état réel du cartilage rotulien. La prépondérance des résultats excellents se maintient malgré le recul est court.
Relay Selection With Network Coding in Two-Way Relay Channels (2010)

In this paper, we consider the design of joint network coding (NC) and relay selection (RS) in two-way relay channels. In the proposed schemes, two users first sequentially broadcast their respective information to all the relays. We propose two RS schemes: 1) a single RS with NC and 2) a dual RS with NC. For both schemes, the selected relays perform NC on the received signals sent from the two users and forward them to both users. The proposed schemes are analyzed, and the exact bit-error-rate (BER) expressions are derived and verified through Monte Carlo simulations. It is shown that the dual RS with NC outperforms other considered RS schemes in two-way relay channels. The results also reveal that the proposed RS-NC schemes provide a selection gain compared with an NC scheme with no RS and an NC gain relative to a conventional RS scheme with no NC.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Conjugate Additions of Heteroaryl Alkyl Sulfoxides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anatomy and pathology of tubal pregnancy. (1986)

The prevalence of tubal pregnancy has increased markedly during the past decade. The reasons for this are obscure. A systematic gross and histopathologic study of 25 consecutive ectopic pregnancies has been performed using a clearing method not used previously for this purpose. In addition, the presence of the corpus luteum and its location in reference to the tubal pregnancy are documented. Results indicate that trophoblastic spread was predominantly intraluminal in 67% of cases. Intratubal hemorrhage, generally in parallel to trophoblastic spread, often led to marked tubal destruction. Histologic evidence of salpingitis was noted in only seven of 24 specimens (29%). The corpus luteum was contralateral to the ectopic pregnancy in five of 21 cases (23.8%). Clinical correlates and areas of future research are discussed. Results indicate that segmental resection of the tubal pregnancy is appropriate in selected cases.
Linkage Analysis of Affective Disorder Using DNA Markers on Chromosomes 11 and X (1991)

We have investigated two pedigrees in an attempt to detect the putative linkages between affective disorder and c-Ha-ras-1 oncogene and the insulin gene on chromosome 11, or hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) on X chromosome. The linkage between affective disorders and the markers on chromosomes 11 and X was ruled out with the assumption of no recombination.
Accelerated ferumoxytol‐enhanced 4D multiphase, steady‐state imaging with contrast enhancement (MUSIC) cardiovascular MRI: validation in pediatric congenital heart disease (2016)

The purpose of this work was to validate a parallel imaging (PI) and compressed sensing (CS) combined reconstruction method for a recently proposed 4D non-breath-held, multiphase, steady-state imaging technique (MUSIC) cardiovascular MRI in a cohort of pediatric congenital heart disease patients. We implemented a graphics processing unit accelerated CS-PI combined reconstruction method and applied it in 13 pediatric patients who underwent cardiovascular MRI after ferumoxytol administration. Conventional breath-held contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) was first performed during the first pass of ferumoxytol injection, followed by the original MUSIC and the proposed CS-PI MUSIC during the steady-state distribution phase of ferumoxytol. Qualities of acquired images were then evaluated using a four-point scale. Left ventricular volumes and ejection fractions calculated from the original MUSIC and the CS-PI MUSIC were also compared with conventional multi-slice 2D cardiac cine MRI. The proposed CS-PI MUSIC reduced the imaging time of the MUSIC acquisition to 4.6 ± 0.4 min from 8.9 ± 1.2 min. Computationally intensive image reconstruction was completed within 5 min without interruption of sequential clinical scans. The proposed method (mean 3.3-4.0) provided image quality comparable to that of the original MUSIC (3.2-4.0) (all P ≥ 0.42), and better than conventional breath-held first-pass CE-MRA (1.1-3.3) for 13 anatomical structures (all P ≤ 0.0014) with good inter-observer agreement (κ > 0.46). The calculated ventricular volumes and ejection fractions from both original MUSIC (r > 0.90) and CS-PI MUSIC (r > 0.85) correlated well with 2D cine imaging. In conclusion, PI and CS were successfully incorporated into the 4D MUSIC acquisition to further reduce scan time by approximately 50% while maintaining highly comparable image quality in a clinically practical reconstruction time.
Syntheses and Structures of Three Mononuclear Coordination Compounds Containing Six- and Seven-Coordinated Manganese(II) Ions (1993)

The reactions of Mn(CF 3 COO) 2 (1) with Ν,Ν,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (tmen), 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) and triethanolamine (tea) yield three new mononuclear coordination compounds: trans-[Mn(tmen) 2 (CF 3 COO) 2 ] (2), cis-[Mn(bipy) 2 (CF 3 COO) 2 ] (3), and [Mn(tea)2](CF 3 COO) 2 (4). The X-ray structures of the compounds 2, 3, and 4 are described. The seven-coordination of the manganese(II) ion in 4, as well as the inequivalency of the two tea molecules coordinated to Mn(II) make this compound unique.
Stereoselective synthesis of <i>E</i>-3-(arylmethylidene)-5-(alkyl/aryl)-2(3<i>H</i>)-furanones by sequential hydroacyloxylation-Mizoroki–Heck reactions of iodoalkynes (2018)

A modular, stereoselective synthesis of E-3-(arylidene)-5-(alkyl/aryl)-2(3H)-furanones was developed. The methodology features regioselective addition of β-aryl acrylic acids to iodoacetylenes to furnish the Z-acyloxy iodoalkenes. A stereoselective 5-exo-trig Mizoroki-Heck reaction of the acyloxy iodoalkenes generates the target E-2(3H)-furanones. The approach was applied in a formal synthesis of the naturally occurring kinase inhibitor BE-23372M.
The use of artificial neural networks for the intelligent optimal control of surface ships (1995)

Many conventional ship autopilots use proportional integral and derivative (PID) control algorithms to guide a ship on a fixed heading (course-keeping) or a new heading (course-changing). Such systems usually have a gyrocompass as a single sensory input. Modern sea going vessels have a range of navigation aids most of which may be interconnected to form integrated systems. It is possible to employ the navigational data to provide best estimates of state vectors (Kalman filter) and optimal guidance strategies. Such techniques require powerful computing facilities, particularly if the dynamic characteristics of the vessel are changing, as may be the case in a maneuvering situation or changes in forward speed. This paper investigates the possibility of training a neural network to behave in the same manner as an optimal ship guidance system, the objective being to provide a system that can adapt its parameters so that it provides optimal performance over a range of conditions, without incurring a large computational penalty. A series of simulation studies have been undertaken to compare the performance of a trained neural network with that of the original optimal guidance system over a range of forward speeds. It is demonstrated that a single network has comparable performance to a set of optimal guidance control laws, each computed for different forward speeds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Power minimization using system-level partitioning of applications with quality of service requirements (2003)

Design systems to provide various quality of service (QoS) guarantees have received a lot of attention due to the increasing popularity of real-time multimedia and wireless communication applications. Meanwhile, low power consumption is always one of the goals for system design, especially for battery-operated systems. With the design trend of integrating multiple processor cores and memory on a single chip, we address the problem of how to partition a set of applications among processors, such that all the individual QoS requirements are met and the total energy consumption is minimized. We exploit the advantages provided by the variable voltage design methodology to choose the voltage for each application on the same processor optimally for this purpose. We also discuss how to partition applications among the processors to achieve the same goal. We formulate the problem on an abstract QoS model and present how to allocate resources (e.g., CPU time) and determine the voltage profile for every single processor. Experiments on media benchmarks have also been studied.
Identification of CHRNA5 rare variants in African-American heavy smokers (2014)

We conclude that, in African-Americans, variants (common or rare) in genes other than CHRNA5 most likely contribute toward the nicotine-dependent phenotype, either independently or in combination with variants in CHRNA5. The functional significance, on CHRNA5 expression or protein function, of the variants found here should be determined in future studies.
Periplasmic Binding Proteins as Optical Modulators of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Fluorescence: Amplifying a Nanoscale Actuator (2011)

Glucose sensor: Glucose-binding protein (GBP) covalently conjugated to a fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) is shown to act as an optical switch. Hinge-bending response to glucose causes a reversible exciton quenching of the SWNT fluorescence with high selectivity (see scheme).
Design, Methods, and Evaluation Directions of a Multi-Access Service for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus Patients (2003)

Recent advances in information and communication technology allow the design and testing of new models of diabetes management, which are able to provide assistance to patients regardless of their distance from the health care providers. The M2DM project, funded by the European Commission, has the specific aim to investigate the potential of novel telemedicine services in diabetes management. A multi-access system based on the integration of Web access, telephone access through interactive voice response systems, and the use of palmtops and smart modems for data downloading has been implemented. The system is based on a technological platform that allows a tight integration between the access modalities through a middle layer called the multi-access organizer. Particular attention has been devoted to the design of the evaluation scheme for the system: A randomized controlled study has been defined, with clinical, organizational, economic, usability, and users' satisfaction outcomes. The evaluation of the system started in January 2002. The system is currently used by 67 patients and seven health care providers in five medical centers across Europe. After 6 months of usage of the system no major technical problems have been encountered, and the majority of patients are using the Web and data downloading modalities with a satisfactory frequency. From a clinical viewpoint, the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) of both active patients and controls decreased, and the variance of HbA1c in active patients is significantly lower than the control ones. The M2DM system allows for the implementation of an easy-to-use, user-tailored telemedicine system for diabetes management. The first clinical results are encouraging and seem to substantiate the hypothesis of its clinical effectiveness.
A new power flow control scheme using interline power flow controller (2013)

The Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices are low-environmental impact, cost effective and long term proven solutions to transmission line difficulties. Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC) is a novel FACTS device with an exceptional ability to control power flow among multiline transmission system unlike the other devices in which they are used to manage and compensate single transmission line. This paper attempts to reduce power deviation in a particular transmission line utilizing IPFC by adjusting angles and magnitudes of the series voltage source converters representing IPFC. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no clear study till now proposes employing IPFC to this application. A case-study is presented at the end of this investigation with the aim of simulating the ability of this device to maintain the power flow in a transmission line unchanged. Differential Evolution is employed to optimize the control parameters. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in controlling the power flow and diminish its fluctuations.
Abstract 52: Isolation, Characterization and Partial Direct Differentiation of Patient Derived Human Primary Cardiac and Placental Fibroblasts From Surgical Discard Tissue into Induced Mesoderm Progenitor Cell (2016)

Background: Human primary cells more closely mimic the physiological state of cells in vivo and generate more relevant data representing living systems. Access to the surgical discard tissue enables the possibility of patient derived, disease specific, cellular bio-bank. In achieving this goal, target cellular lines must be isolated, characterized and fully expanded under specific Standard Operating Procedures(SOP). In this project, we aim in achieving and implementing such goal for Fibroblasts derived from two distinct patient tissues. In parallel, in light of cardiac regenerative therapy, with reference to the published work on Cardiomyocyte Direct Differentiation on mouse fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCMs) by transduction with MicroRNAs (1,133a, 208a and 499) we sought to determine whether primary human cardiac and placental fibroblasts could have the potential in direct differentiation to induced cardiomyocyte-like cells (iCM) through sequential administration of small molecule (ITD-1) in combination with MicroRNAs. Methods and Results: Primary right atrial appendage cardiac and smooth chorion laeve placental fibroblast isolates were generated from surgical discard patient derived tissues subjected for identification of the most efficient isolation method through available enzymatic and mechanical techniques. We have shown through FACS analysis that both groups extracellular marker expression can be limited to CD90+CD31-CD44+FBSP+ which constitutes the majority of cultured primary fibroblasts. Respectively, intercellular expression of DDR2+ VIM+ COL1+CD90+ markers was validated through immunofluorescence microscopy. Transcriptional profiling of Noted lines showed expression of Fibroblast specific genes at higher rate.Furthermore, sorted placental fibroblast isolates were subjected to (ITD-1)treatment and mature MicroRNA mimic cocktail. Transcriptional profiling analysis through RT-PCR concluded down regulation of most distinct fibroblast markers and partial expression of MESP1.
Tectonic setting of mesozoic magmatic activities in the region of Jingbian-Panzhuwa in Lujiang-Zongyang Volcanic Basin (2005)

The region of Jingbian-Panzhuwa is in the center of Lujiang-Zongyang Volcanic Basin,which is located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River fault-depression zone,and four volcanic gyrations and the Bajiatan intrusion are developed in it. Various methods are adopted herein to distinguish the tectonic setting of the four volcanic gyrations and the Bajiatan intrusion. The result shows that the magma activities in this area are developed in a tectonic setting of extension in the slab.
Spine-like Nanostructured Carbon Interconnected by Graphene for High-performance Supercapacitors (2014)

Recent studies on supercapacitors have focused on the development of hierarchical nanostructured carbons by combining two-dimensional graphene and other conductive sp(2) carbons, which differ in dimensionality, to improve their electrochemical performance. Herein, we report a strategy for synthesizing a hierarchical graphene-based carbon material, which we shall refer to as spine-like nanostructured carbon, from a one-dimensional graphitic carbon nanofiber by controlling the local graphene/graphitic structure via an expanding process and a co-solvent exfoliation method. Spine-like nanostructured carbon has a unique hierarchical structure of partially exfoliated graphitic blocks interconnected by thin graphene sheets in the same manner as in the case of ligaments. Owing to the exposed graphene layers and interconnected sp(2) carbon structure, this hierarchical nanostructured carbon possesses a large, electrochemically accessible surface area with high electrical conductivity and exhibits high electrochemical performance.