gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conductivity of Na/Ca-Montmorillonite Gels (1982)

Abstract The specific conductivity, κ g , of Na/Ca montmorillonite gels (0.02 and 0.04 g clay/cm 3 ) as a function of the specific conductivity of the interclay solution, κ w , was measured. For low values of κ w (<3 mmho/cm) the conductivity curves were convex with respect to x w ; at higher values they were linear. The κ w at which deviation from linearity began increased with increasing sodium content from 0.7 mmho/cm for the Ca-montmorillonite gel to 2.6 mmho/cm for Na-montmorillonite gel. The intercept of the linear portion of the conductivity curve increased and its slope decreased with increasing exchangeable sodium. The experimental results were described by a conductance model comprised of two elements connected in parallel: an element consisting of the solid and solution phases connected in series, and another consisting of the solution phase. At low electrolyte concentrations, the first element accounts for the curvature of the κ g -κ w curve, whereas at high electrolyte concentrations, the second element dominates, and the curve is linear with a slope determined by a formation factor and an intercept determined by exchangeable cation mobility. An adjustable parameter in the conductivity term for the first element, which accounts for the thickness of the clay particles, increased with exchangeable Na, and its numerical value indicated that the solid phase also includes the diffuse double layer. The mobility of the exchangeable cation relative to that in water increased from 4% for Ca to 41% for Na with the largest increase occurring between 20 and 40% exchangeable Na. Similar effects of exchangeable Na were evident on the axial ratio of the clay particles calculated from the slopes of the linear lines. These observations are consistent with an exchangeable-ion demixing model where the initial exchangeable Na is adsorbed on the external surfaces of the Ca-montmorillonite tactoids without affecting exchangeable ion mobility or tactoid size. Further additions of exchangeable Na result in Na adsorption on the internal surfaces of the tactoid and tactoid breakdown with a subsequent increase in both exchangeable ion mobility and the axial ratio of the clay particles.
Trichofolliculoma (1962)

The clinical, histopathological, and histochemical features of 32 trichofolliculomas from 32 patients are analyzed. Trichofolliculoma is a benign tumor that is not diagnostic clinically but most often resembles a sebaceous cyst. Histologically these tumors have a large central cystic hair follicle with many epithelial buds and strands branching from the walls. These epithelial proliferations show all stages of pilar formation. The abortive hair follicles are often grouped and are surrounded by a prominent lobulated stroma. Glycogen is abundant in the walls of the abortive hair follicles.
Growth of nanocrystalline diamond protective coatings on quartz glass (2002)

Transparent diamond films with a crystallite size well controlled below 70 nm were grown by hydrogen and methane microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition on quartz glass substrates, which had been scratched with 0.5 μm diamond powder. A complementary set of analyzing tools was employed to study the microstructure, the optical and mechanical properties of the deposits. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a nucleation density generally larger than 1011/cm2, which is of the same order of magnitude as the spotlike defects on the pretreated surface of the substrates. The Vicker’s hardness of the deposits scatters between 61 and 95 GPa. An optimal transmittance of 65% in the visible light range is achieved in coatings of 1.0 μm in thickness when the surface roughness measures about 10 nm or less. The nanocrystalline diamond films thus prepared can meet the requirements on transparent protective coatings for optical components.
The automated transformation of statecharts from a formal specification to object-oriented software (2005)

State transition models are frequently used in the specification and design of complex systems. The unified modeling language (UML) includes state transition models in the form of statecharts. State models have been around a long time and are used in many design paradigms from low-level hardware sequential circuit design to more complex finite state automata. The formalisms of state transition models are well known. However, formal techniques for transforming system-level state models into executable code, especially object-oriented code, are not as well developed, and as with most manual techniques are prone to errors. This paper describes an approach to automating this process.
Multi‐centre evaluation of repeatability and reproducibility of the direct agglutination test for visceral leishmaniasis (1999)

High repeatability of DAT confirms its potential, but reproducibility problems remain an obstacle to its routine use in the field. Reproducibility was hindered by alteration of the antigen through temperature and shaking, especially in Kenya and Sudan, and by nonstandardization of the test reading. DAT handling procedures and antigen quality must be carefully standardized and monitored when introducing this test into routine practice.
Opto-electronic dual-loop 50 GHz oscillator with wide tunability and low phase noise (2010)

We propose and demonstrate a 50 GHz opto-electronic dual-loop oscillator with low phase noise of -95 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset from a 50 GHz carrier and a frequency tunability of more than 100 MHz.
Integration of inertial information with vision towards robot autonomy (2002)

Reconstructing 3D data from images becomes harder if the goal is to recover the dynamics of the 3D world from the image flow. However, it is known that humans integrate and combine the information from different sensorial systems to perceive the world. For example, the human vision system has close links with the vestibular system to perform everyday tasks. A computational approach for sensorial data integration, inertial and vision, is presented for a mobile robot equipped with an active vision system and inertial sensors. The inertial information is a different sensorial modality and, in this article, we explain our initial steps to combine this information with other sensorial systems, namely vision. Some of the benefits of using inertial information for navigation and dynamic visual processing are described in the article. During the development of these studies a low-cost inertial system prototype was developed. A brief description of low-cost inertial sensors and their integration in an inertial system prototype is also described. The set of sensors used in the prototype include three piezoelectric vibrating gyroscopes, a tri-axial capacitive accelerometer and a dual axis clinometer. As a first approach the clinometer is used to track the camera's pan and tilt, relative to a plane normal to the gravity vector and parallel to the ground floor. This provides the orientation data that, combined with a process of visual fixation, enables the identification of the ground plane or others parallel to it. An algorithm that segments the image, identifying the floor along which the vehicle can move is thus obtained.
One-class conditional random fields for sequential anomaly detection (2013)

Sequential anomaly detection is a challenging problem due to the one-class nature of the data (i.e., data is collected from only one class) and the tem-poral dependence in sequential data. We present One-Class Conditional Random Fields (OCCRF) for sequential anomaly detection that learn from a one-class dataset and capture the temporal depen-dence structure, in an unsupervised fashion. We propose a hinge loss in a regularized risk mini-mization framework that maximizes the margin be-tween each sequence being classified as “normal” and “abnormal. ” This allows our model to accept most (but not all) of the training data as normal, yet keeps the solution space tight. Experimental results on a number of real-world datasets show our model outperforming several baselines. We also report an exploratory study on detecting abnormal organiza-tional behavior in enterprise social networks. 1
An exploration into improving examinees' acceptance of participation in an online exam (2015)

With the rapid development of the Internet and information technology, the issues related to online exams have become the concern of an increasing number of researchers. At present, the biggest challenges for the integration of web communication technology into online exams are the ability to detect cheating behaviors during the exam, and the verification of students' real identification. These problems can have an impact on the students' perceived trust of an online exam, and further influence their participation acceptance. This study proposes a research model with notarization process (technical level) and online exam policy (institutional level) in order to improve examinees' participation in online exams. There are 301 college students participating in this study. The results indicate that all the hypotheses in the model are supported, which implies that the monitoring and managing mechanisms proposed in this model can significantly raise examinees' participation acceptance for online exams. Finally, we further discuss the implications of the research findings and provide some suggestions for future developments for online exams.
Exosome-Mediated Small RNA Delivery: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Lung Responses (2018)

Exosomes (EXOs) are a type of extracellular nanovesicles released from living cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that EXOs are involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases, including lung conditions. In recent years, the potential of EXO-mediated drug delivery has gained increasing interest. In this report, we investigated whether inhaled EXOs serve as an efficient and practical delivery vehicle to activate or inhibit alveolar macrophages (AMs), subsequently modulating pulmonary immune responses. We first identified the recipient cells of the inhaled EXOs, which were labeled with PKH26. We found that only lung macrophages efficiently take up intratracheally instilled EXOs in vivo. Using modified calcium chloride-mediated transformation, we manipulated small RNA molecules in serum-derived EXOs, including siRNAs, microRNA (miRNA) mimics, and miRNA inhibitors. Via intratracheal instillation, we successfully delivered siRNA and miRNA mimics or inhibitors into lung macrophages using the serum-derived EXOs as vehicles. Furthermore, EXO siRNA or miRNA molecules are functional in modulating LPS-induced lung inflammation in vivo. Beneficially, serum-derived EXOs themselves do not trigger lung immune responses, adding more favorable features to serve as drug delivery agents. Collectively, we developed a novel protocol using serum-derived EXOs to deliver designated small RNA molecules into lung macrophages in vivo, potentially shedding light on future gene therapy of human lung diseases.
Association of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) with α1‐syntrophin at the sarcolemma (2001)

alpha1-syntrophin is a PDZ-containing dystrophin-associated protein, expressed predominantly in striated muscle and brain. alpha1-syntrophin null mice generated by gene targeting technique showed no overt muscular dystrophic phenotype. Though other dystrophin-associated proteins were localized at the sarcolemma, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) was selectively lost from the membrane fraction but remained in the cytoplasm. Thus, the alpha1-syntrophin null mice are useful in the elucidation of the functional importance of nNOS targeting at the sarcolemma. In addition, the mice would facilitate identification of other signaling molecules, which are targeted to dystrophin complex via interaction with alpha1-syntrophin.
A "throttle" mechanism in the central retinal vein in the region of the lamina cribrosa (2006)

The presence of a constriction of the vein in the region of the lamina cribrosa can be inferred from the presence of higher blood velocities at this site than further back in the optic nerve. In CRVO there may be a more uniform narrowing of the vein along its course in the nerve. Neurotomy did not affect the measurements.
Knowledge acquisition of manufacturing descriptions (1988)

In this work, the human interface concepts used to define the manufacturing descriptions supporting the Manufacturing Control and Capacity Planning System at Motorola's Discrete and Special Technologies plant in Phoenix, Arizona are discussed. Human interface techniques such as object programming, icon representation of information, user vocabulary templating, and intelligent user query sessions are the major topics of the discussion. The method of interpreting the user knowledge acquired between the generic application program logic and the dynamic logic extracted from manufacturing experts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ceramic soft tissue trimming bur: A new tool for gingival depigmentation (2018)

It can be concluded that LASER and soft tissue trimmer both are comparable in achieving aesthetic satisfaction. Hence, the soft tissue trimmer could also be used for depigmentation as it is very cost effective, readily available and acceptable by the patients.
A novel transcoding scheme from EVRC to G.729ab (2004)

In this present day of Internet and wireless it has become increasingly important to have an interoperable communication between these two systems. It is obvious that at the present environment a direct speech transcoding scheme holds the key for the efficient and seamless transmission of speech communication between the two systems. This paper presents a direct speech transcoding scheme from the CDMA (code division multiple access) standard EVRC (enhanced variable rate codec) to the ITU (International Telecommunication Union) standard G.729ab. The EVRC is developed by Lucent and adopted as TIA/IS 127 standard by TIA (Telecommunications Industries Association). It is the most widely used speech codec for the present CDMA mobile systems. Again, it is also a very competent candidate for the 3rd generation mobile system for speech coding for its high quality. The ITU standard G.729ab is the de facto workhorse for low bit rate speech coding over VOP (voice over packet) networks. The motivation behind this transcoding scheme is to transform the EVRC parameters into the G.729ab parameters directly without going through the whole process of decoding the EVRC parameters and then encoding the resultant synthetic speech using the G.729ab encoder so that it improves the delay characteristics and also the quality of the speech. In the same time this approach also results in considerable savings in computations.
A Note on Terminology (2012)

Abstract Because this study focuses on questions of communication and miscommunication, the present section seeks to clarify some potentially misleading aspects of Cohen’s terminology. Cohen uses certain key words in very specific ways; in many cases, his use differs significantly from typical associations with and understandings of those same words. While Cohen’s employment of these terms will be explicated in further detail in the main body of the book, this section provides an initial sketch, particularly in order to make clear what Cohen does not mean. In addition, because this book attempts, in its own commentary and assessment, to follow Cohen’s usage, such clarification will also help prevent misconstruals of its own claims. The following terms are therefore highlighted and addressed ahead of time: philosophy, reason, objective, ethics, ethicality, ethical, religion, Judaism.
MOVING TOWARD E-BUSINESS: CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT ALIGNMENT IN MALAYSIAN SMALL BUSINESS (2014)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
MIMO antenna subset selection with space-time coding (2002)

This paper treats multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna subset selection employing space-time coding. We consider two cases differentiated based on the type of channel knowledge used in the selection process. We address both the selection algorithms and the performance analysis. We first consider the case when the antenna subsets are selected based on exact channel knowledge (ECK). Our results assume the transmission of orthogonal space-time block codes (with emphasis on the Alamouti (see IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol.16, p.1451-68, Oct. 1998) code). Next, we treat the case of antenna subset selection when statistical channel knowledge (SCK) is employed by the selection algorithm. This analysis is applicable to general space-time coding schemes. When ECK is available, we show that the selection algorithm chooses the antenna set that maximizes the channel Frobenius norm leading to both coding and diversity gain. When SCK is available, the selection algorithm chooses the antenna set that maximizes the determinant of the covariance of the vectorized channel leading mostly to a coding gain. In case of ECK-based selection, we provide analytical expressions for average SNR and outage probability improvement. For the case when SCK-based selection is used, we derive expressions for coding gain. We also present extensive simulation studies, validating our results.
Cognition and collaboration (2005)

This extended abstract describes the workshop Cognition and Collaboration - Analyzing Distributed Community Practices for Design, the Third International Workshop on Analyzing Collaborative Activity.
A PC program that generates a model of the parasitics for IC packages (2002)

The Package Parasitic Model Program is a PC program, that can generate a model of package parasitics for either dual-in-line or for quad flat pack IC packages. The user enters simple dimensional information for the geometries of the package from the package drawings. This information is easy to obtain and some of the more common dimensions can be defaulted if their values are unknown. The program, written in C, then constructs the proposed package layout and calculates each lead's self inductance; its mutual inductance, mutual capacitance and the capacitance to a ground plane if one exists. The whole process of data entry and computer simulation usually takes just a few minutes on a 386 based PC. Results of benchmark package simulations agree to within 10% of hand calculations employing the reference's equations and drawings of the package. The Package Parasitic Model Program is helpful in integrated circuit package design and analysis. It saves the time of tedious data entry required in the more sophisticated three dimensional programs that use large amounts of CPU time on work stations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combined Wiener and coherence filtering in wavelet domain for microphone array speech enhancement (2002)

Wiener filter based postfiltering has shown its usefulness in microphone array speech enhancement systems. In our earlier work, we developed a postfilter in the wavelet domain where better performance has been obtained compared to the algorithms developed in the Fourier domain. Furthermore, considerable computational savings are provided thanks to the multi-resolution and multi-rate analysis. This contribution shows that the coherence function, calculated between the beamforming output signal and the reference microphone output signal using the wavelet transform, provides a relevant and exploitable information for further noise suppression. Thus, a nonlinear coherence filtering and a linear Wiener filtering are combined in the wavelet transform domain to improve the performance of the Wiener filter based postfilter, especially during pauses. Evaluations of the new algorithm confirm that the speech quality is indeed improved with significantly reduced distortions. Finally, the results of the objective measures are presented.
Pharmacodynamics of citicoline relevant to the treatment of glaucoma (2001)

Citicoline (exogenous CDP-choline) is a nontoxic and well-tolerated drug used in pharmacotherapy of brain insufficiency and some other neurological disorders, such as stroke, brain trauma, and Parkinson's disease. A few reports indicate that citicoline treatment may also be beneficial in glaucoma. Currently glaucoma is considered a neurodegenerative disease in which retinal ganglion cells (RGC) slowly die, likely in the apoptotic mechanism. Endogenous CDP-choline is a natural precursor of cellular synthesis of phospholipids, mainly phosphatydylcholine (PtdCho). Enhancement of PtdCho synthesis may counteract neuronal apoptosis and provide neuroprotection. Citicoline, when administered, undergoes a quick transformation to cytidine and choline, which are believed to enter brain cells separately and provide neuroprotection by enhancing PtdCho synthesis; similar effect may be expected to occur in glaucomatous RGC. Furthermore, citicoline stimulates some brain neurotransmitter systems, including the dopaminergic system, and dopamine is known as a major neurotransmitter in retina and postretinal visual pathways. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled study, treatment of glaucoma resulted in functional improvement in the visual system noted with electrophysiological methods. Development of citicoline as a treatment for glaucoma is indicated.
Neonatal Encephalopathy Following Fetal Distress (1976)

Twenty-one neonates of over 36 weeks' gestation suffered perinatal asphyxia but not chronic hypoxia. Three clinical stages of postanoxic encephalopathy were distinguished. Stage 1 lasted less than 24 hours and was characterized by hyperalertness, uninhibited Moro and stretch reflexes, sympathetic effects, and a normal electroencephalogram. Stage 2 was marked by obtundation, hypotonia, strong distal flexion, and multifocal seizures. The EEG showed a periodic pattern sometimes preceded by continuous delta activity. Infants in stage 3 were stuporous, flaccid, and brain stem and autonomic functions were suppressed. The EEG was isopotential or had infrequent periodic discharges. Infants who did not enter stage 3 and who had signs of stage 2 for less than five days appeared normal in later infancy. Persistence of stage 2 for more than seven days or failure of the EEG to revert to normal was associated with later neurologic impairment or death.
ATM burst traffic generator (2002)

The Markov modulated process is widely used to model ATM (Asynchronous Transmission Mode) traffic sources because it can emulate the bursty and correlated traffic arrival. We propose a hardware sample generator emulating the bursty behavior of the Markov process and develop circuits for a 2-state Markov modulated process and an N-state homogeneous Markov modulated process. The generator can produce traffic imitating cell arrival of various voice and video sources. Our test circuit can be fitted into a moderate-sized FPGA chip and can generate up to 20M cell arrivals per second.
Laboratory detection of Neisseria meningitidis - a case study (2012)

The diagnosis of bacterial meningitis remains a challenge to the clinician because of its rapid and lethal course lacking the consistency to particular clinical signs and symptoms. Currently, the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is mostly done by Gram stain and culture. However, in many clinical settings, the use of rampant and short course antibiotic therapy prior to lumbar puncture reduces the chance of isolation of bacteria in cerebrospinal fluid culture making the diagnosis difficult. The present report examines a case in which conventional Gram stain and culture methods failed to identify the causative agent of bacterial meningitis that was subsequently identified by a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The importance of molecular methods for the rapid diagnosis of bacterial meningitis is also discussed. In a clinical setting, Gram stain and bacterial culture still remains the cornerstones of bacterial meningitis diagnosis.