gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The art of listening (2009)

THE CARE Quality Commission (CQC) has made an early commitment to listen to what service users have to say about their experiences of health and social care ( CQC 2009 ). Its 'Voices into Action' charter outlines the new regulator's plans. The CQC aims to conduct studies to find out users' experiences of health and social care services, involve users in inspections, set up user panels, consult widely on CQC policy, work with Local Involvement Networks (LINks) and assess how providers and commissioners of services involve users. This is an ambitious set of goals, reflecting the growing demand for wider community and consumer involvement across public services generally.
Effect of hypoxia and norepinephrine on cytoplasmic free Ca2+ in pulmonary and cerebral arterial myocytes (1993)

The fluorescent calcium indicator, fura 2, was used to test whether contraction of primary cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) from small pulmonary arteries in response to hypoxia and the relaxation by large pulmonary and cerebral artery SMC were mediated by changes in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ (Ca2+c). Because SMC from large pulmonary and cerebral arteries contract to norepinephrine (NE), Ca2+c levels during NE exposure were measured to determine if they differed from those seen with hypoxia. Under hypoxic conditions, Ca2+c increased 64.1 +/- 11.1% above the normoxic baseline in small pulmonary artery SMC. In SMC from large pulmonary and cerebral arteries, Ca2+c decreased 25.2 +/- 9.20 and 28.1 +/- 5.80%. Ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and ryanodine attenuated the Ca2+c increase in the small pulmonary artery SMC. On exposure to NE, Ca2+c increased markedly in all three SMC types. EGTA and ryanodine treatment also attenuated NE-induced Ca2+c increases in all three SMC types. These results show that the three SMC types mobilize their available Ca2+ stores differently when exposed to hypoxia but similarly when exposed to NE. The data also suggest that a change in the Ca2+c concentration, rather than a change in the Ca2+ sensitivity of the contractile apparatus, is involved in the response to hypoxia.
Oxidative Injury of Synapse and Alteration of Antioxidative Defense Systems in Rats, and Its Prevention by Vitamin E (1997)

In order to define whether active oxygen species actually induce oxidative damage to the nervous system, and how antioxidative defense systems are changed by oxidative stress, morphological and functional changes in the nervous system and antioxidant status were investigated. When rats were exposed to 100% oxygen in a chamber, many morphological changes, e.g. swollen astrocytes around vessels, deformed nuclei in nerve cells, pigmentation, swollen mitochondria, and abnormal accumulation of synaptic vesicles in swollen nerve terminals, were observed by electron microscopy. When synaptosomes isolated from oxygen-exposed rats were stimulated by KCl, acetylcholine release from the terminal was decreased more significantly than in synaptosomes from unexposed rats (P < 0.01). Synaptic plasma membrane fluidity decreased in response to oxygen exposure, and plasma membrane permeability to sucrose was increased significantly (P < 0.05). The cholesterol/phospholipid ratio of the plasma membranes was increased by oxidative stress and the content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, decreased. The levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances in the plasma membranes of oxygen-exposed rats were significantly higher than in unexposed rats (P < 0.01). These results suggest that free radicals derived from oxygen may attack nerve terminals and peroxidize the plasma membrane. It was found that in response to the oxidative stress, the status of the defense system in synapse, i.e. the concentration of vitamin E, activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase changed, and that many of the changes observed were reduced remarkably by the intraperitoneal administration of vitamin E prior to stress. Data support the idea that vitamin E contributes to the protection against nerve dysfunction caused by oxidative stress.
Safety of ethylene oxide gas residuals, part ii (1974)

Common proprietary rubber and plastic medical/surgical devices were sterilized with ethylene oxide and aerated for eight hours at 50 C, and for 24 hours at ambient temperature, and the amounts of residuals and red cell incompatibility were then determined at these times. Aeration for eight hours at 50 C desorbed the residuals much faster than aeration for 24 hours at ambient temperautres, and the red cell incompatibility after eight hours aeration at 50 C was much less than after 24 hours aeration at ambient temperature. The red cell incompatibilities of ethylene oxide, ethylene chlorohydrin, ethylene glycol, Freon-12 and ethyl alcohol were determined using a modification of the procedure used for the other compatibility studies. This modified procedure provided a linear relationship between the agent concentration and its hemolytic activity. Ethyl alcohol, ethylene glycol and Freon-12 showed no hemolytic activity under the test conditions of this study; ethylene chlorohydrin had less than 15% the hemolytic activity of ethylene oxide.
Limits to Parallel Computation (1995)

This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the most important topics in parallel computation. It is written so that it may be used as a self-study guide to the field, and researchers in parallel computing will find it a useful reference for many years to come. The first half of the book consists of an introduction to many fundamental issues in parallel computing. The second half provides lists of P-complete- and open problems. These lists will have lasting value to researchers in both industry and academia. The lists of problems, with their corresponding remarks, the thorough index, and the hundreds of references add to the exceptional value of this resource. While the exciting field of parallel computation continues to expand rapidly, this book serves as a guide to research done through 1994 and also describes the fundamental concepts that new workers will need to know in coming years. It is intended for anyone interested in parallel computing, including senior level undergraduate students, graduate students, faculty, and people in industry. As an essential reference, the book will be needed in all academic libraries.
Recovery algorithms for in-memory OLTP databases (2012)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2012.
Comparison of cytobrush and cotton swab for Papanicolaou smears in pregnancy. (1993)

Papanicolaou smears obtained using cytobrush or cotton swabs were compared in 222 pregnant women. There were no complications attributable to the cytobrush. Endocervical cell yields obtained with the brush were 70.9% compared to 41.9% with the swab (P = .0001). There was no difference between use of the swab and the brush in the prevalence of dysplasia (19 cases) nor was there any difference in the prevalence of dysplasia in the smears that contained endocervical and/or metaplastic cells (17/181 = 8.6%) compared to those not containing these cell types (2/24 = 8.3%). This study suggests that use of the cytobrush in pregnancy warrants further study because of the frequency with which smears are reported as inadequate because they lack endocervical and/or metaplastic cells.
Stability and Step Response of a Hydraulic Servo with Special Reference to Unsymmetrical Oil Volume Conditions (1970)

This paper reports a theoretical and experimental evaluation of the stability and response of a hydraulic servomechanism used to position a mass when the oil volumes on the two sides of the jack are substantially different. Application of small perturbation theory to the closed loop system shows that the loop gain for marginal stability is least when the oil volumes are equal and that when these volumes are unequal the response of the system is governed by a fourth order differential equation. Predictions of marginal stability gain and of the step response are in good accord with measurements made on an experimental rig. A system with unequal oil volumes is shown to be inherently more stable and to have a faster but less oscillatory response than when the oil is equally distributed about the jack piston. Coulomb friction is accounted for analytically by a viscous friction energy equivalent. When the response approximates to a damped sinusoid it is shown that it is necessary to base the equivalent upon this response.
Using Models of Score Distributions in Information Retrieval (2001)

Empirical modeling of a number of different text search engines shows that the score distributions on a per query basis may be fitted approximately using an exponential distribution for the set of nonrelevant documents and a normal distribution for the set of relevant documents. This model fits not only probabilistic search engines like INQUERY but also vector space search engines like SMART and also LSI search engines. The model also appears to be true of search engines operating on a number of different languages. This leads to the hypothesis that all &apos;good&apos; text search engines operating on any language have similar characteristics. The question then arises as to whether the shape of the score distributions reflects some underlying model of language or the search process itself. We discuss how they arise given certain assumptions about word distributions in documents. We then show that given a query for which relevance information is not available, a mixture model consisting of an exponential and a normal distribution can be fitted to the score distribution. These distributions can be used to map the scores of a search engine to probabilities. This model has many possible applications. For example, the outputs of different search engines can be combined by averaging the probabilities (optimal if the search engines are independent) or by using the probabilities to select the best engine for each query. Results show that the technique performs as well as the best current combination techniques. A number of different IR tasks may benefit from score modeling including filtering, multi-lingual retrieval and relevance feedback. We also discuss possible future improvements to the process of score modeling. 1.
Immunocytochemical localization of two retinoid-binding proteins in vertebrate retina. (1983)

The recent discovery and characterization of several proteins that purify with endogenous, bound retinoid have given rise to the suggestion that these proteins, which are abundant in retina, perform a role in transport and function of vitamin A. Immunocytochemical techniques were used to localize two retinoid-binding proteins in the retina of four species. Antisera to cellular retinal-binding protein (CRALBP) and an interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) were obtained from rabbits immunized with antigens purified from bovine retina. Antibodies from each antiserum reacted with a single component in retinal homogenates and supernatants which corresponded to the molecular weight and charge of the respective antigen (non-SDS and SDS PAGE, electrophoretic transfer to nitrocellulose, immunochemical staining). Immunocytochemistry controls were antibodies from nonimmune serum and antibodies absorbed with purified antigen. Antigens were localized on frozen-sectioned bovine, rat, monkey, and human retina using immunofluorescence and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Specific staining with anti-IRBP was found in the space that surrounds photoreceptor outer segments, with heaviest labeling in a line corresponding to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) apical surface. Cone outer segments were positive. Staining with anti-CRALBP was found in two cell types in all species: the RPE and the Müller glial cell. Within the RPE, labeling filled the cytoplasm and was heaviest apically, with negative nuclei. Labeling of Müller cells produced Golgi-like silhouettes with intense staining of all cytoplasmic compartments. Staining of the external limiting membrane was heavy, with labeled microvilli projecting into the interphotoreceptor space. Localization of IRBP to this space bordered by three cell types (RPE, photoreceptor, and Müller) is consistent with its proposed role in transport of retinoids among cells. Localization of CRALBP in RPE corroborates previous biochemical studies; its presence in the Müller cell suggests that this glial cell may play a hitherto unsuspected role in vitamin A metabolism in retina.
Des Kaisers alte Kleider. Die Restaurierung des Kaisersaals im Schloss Salem (2014)

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Nature and origin of polymorphism in feline MHC class II DRA and DRB genes (1997)

Transcripts of the MHC class II DRA and DRB gene homologues of the domestic cat (Felis catus) were cloned and sequenced to compare the pattern and process of DR gene divergence. Homologous DRB exon 2 sequences from 36 feral domestic cats throughout the world plus from three species of Felidae (tiger cat, Iriomote cat, and Geoffroy's cat) were also determined. Limited variation in the domestic cat Feca-DRA gene was observed, but abundant variation in the Feca-DRB gene was seen comprising 61 distinct DRB alleles. Phylogenetic analyses resolved at least five monophyletic feline DRB allelic lineages (DRB*1 to *5), which are clearly distinct from those of human (HLA-DRB1 to 9 lineages), mouse (H-2Ebeta b, u, f), and dog DRB alleles. Approximately 80% of individual cats contained three to six distinct DRB sequences, indicating that feline MHC maintains two to three DRB loci. Five cats had three DRB sequences in a single allelic lineage, indicating the occurrence of recent gene duplication of feline DRB genes. DRB sequences isolated from three exotic cats demonstrated close association with a particular domestic cat DRB lineage, suggesting that these allelic lineages are derived from common ancestral alleles that existed prior to the divergence of these feline species about 10 to 15 million years ago. Patterns of synonymous and nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates that occurred in Ag recognition sites (ARS) and nonrecognition (NAR) sites demonstrated a strong role of natural selection--positive selection for Ag recognition sites and negative selection for nonrecognition sites of feline DRB sequences--in the process of evolution of DR molecules.
Morphology and cell kinetics of fatty streak lesion formation in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit. (1986)

The rationale for this study was to determine whether in the hypercholesterolemic rabbit any evidence of endothelial injury could be detected prior to or during the early phase of fatty intimal lesion formation. The data presented showed that in the first 12 weeks of feeding a 0.1% cholesterol-rich diet, rabbit aortas were covered with an intact endothelium. Focal areas of increased endothelial cell replication were observed adjacent to the aortic ostia at 12 and 20 weeks. These replicating cells were almost exclusively located at the shoulders of large raised lesions. In a similar fashion, adherent leukocytes were observed adjacent to the aortic ostia, and at later times they were concentrated at the periphery of these intimal lesions. Smooth muscle cell replication, as assessed by autoradiography, was found to be significantly increased only after 20 weeks of feeding the lipid-rich diet. These data suggest that an increased endothelial cell turnover and leukocyte adhesion were the first detectable changes induced by cholesterol feeding and that smooth muscle cell proliferation occurred soon after these events.
Optimization of molecular design in the evolution of metabolism: the glycogen molecule (1993)

The animal glycogen molecule has to be designed in accordance with its metabolic function as a very effective fuel store allowing quick release of large amounts of glucose. In addition, the design should account for a high capacity of glucose storage in the least possible space. We have studied the optimization of these variables by means of a mathematical model of the glycogen molecule. Our results demonstrate that the structure is optimized to maximize (a) the total glucose stored in the smallest possible volume, (b) the proportion of it that can be directly released by phosphorylase before any debranching occurs, and (c) the number of non-reducing ends (points of attack for phosphorylase), which maximizes the speed of fuel release. The optimization of these four variables is achieved with appropriate values for two key parameters in glycogen design: the degree of branching and the length of the chains. The optimal values of these two parameters are precisely those found in cellular glycogen.
On the non-equivalence of observables in phase-space reconstructions from recorded time series (1998)

International audience
PhenoWorld: a new paradigm to screen rodent behavior (2014)

Modeling depression in animals has inherent complexities that are augmented by intrinsic difficulties to measure the characteristic features of the disorder. Herein, we describe the PhenoWorld (PhW), a new setting in which groups of six rats lived in an ethological enriched environment, and have their feeding, locomotor activity, sleeping and social behavior automatically monitored. A battery of emotional and cognitive tests was used to characterize the behavioral phenotype of animals living in the PhW and in standard conditions (in groups of six and two rats), after exposure to an unpredictable chronic mild stress paradigm (uCMS) and antidepressants. Data reveal that animals living in the PhW displayed similar, but more striking, behavioral differences when exposed to uCMS, such as increased behavioral despair shown in the forced swimming test, resting/sleep behavior disturbances and reduced social interactions. Moreover, several PhW-cage behaviors, such as spontaneous will to go for food or exercise in running wheels, proved to be sensitive indicators of depressive-like behavior. In summary, this new ethological enriched paradigm adds significant discriminative power to screen depressive-like behavior, in particularly rodent's hedonic behavior.
Updating database schemas without breaking the UI (2014)

Data management user interfaces are ubiquitous in information systems and web-based applications. From the oldest spreadsheet to the most modern database, end users and administrators alike have interacted with tabular data. Usually, each concept is represented by a table and columns. Change to the structure of each concept requires structural change to the tables and columns, which is costly. Tailor-made database and web applications may overcome this obstacle by designing UIs on top of the data layer, providing some degree of data independence. However, changes in their schemas do not automatically propagate into the user interface, and so their maintenance is expensive.
Eight Gram-negative bacteria are 10 000 times more sensitive to cationic detergents than to anionic detergents (2003)

In liquid culture, eight typical gram-negative bacteria were ca. 10,000-fold more sensitive to cationic detergents than to the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was inhibitory at concentrations ranging from 0.0006% to 0.01%. Four pseudomonads able to form biofilms were ca. 1000-fold more resistant to CTAB on Luria-Bertani agar plates than they were in liquid culture. A lasI mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was only able to tolerate 0.1% CTAB on Luria-Bertani agar plates but could tolerate 5% CTAB when supplemented with homoserine lactone containing culture supernatants.
Spectroscopic Evidence for Hydrogen Bonds: Comparison of Proton-Attracting Properties of Liquids. III (1941)

This is the third paper of a series in which the proton-attracting powers of different liquids are compared by a measurement of the perturbation they produce on the OD vibrational band of CH3OD. Data showing the absorption of the OD group of CH3OD in seventy-seven different solvents are given in the present paper, in a table listing positions of the band and shifts from the position of the unperturbed OD absorption band. Ketones, aldehydes, organic and inorganic esters, ethers, nitriles, amines, glycols, amides and a few other types of compounds were studied. Many interesting variations due to differences in structure were detected. With certain exceptions a linear relation was found to exist between the logarithms of the basicity constants of the solvents as measured in water solution and the shifts they cause in the OD band. A close correlation was observed between the effects of these solvents on the OD band of heavy methyl alcohol and their solubilities and heats of mixing with certain other compounds. No correlation was evident between the absorption data and the dielectric constants and dipole moments of the solvents. A relationship was found to exist between the proton-acceptor power of a given atom and the electro-negativities of the atoms adjacent to it in the molecule.
Once Burned Twice Shy, This Stock has Been Good to Me So Far, and It Could Have Been Worse: How Naïve Learning and Counterfactuals Influence the Repurchase of Stocks Previously Sold (2005)

We establish two previously undocumented patterns in the purchase selections of individual investors and confirm a related pattern. These patterns hinge on investors’ previous experience with a stock. We demonstrate that investors prefer to (1) repurchase stocks that they previously sold for a gain, (2) repurchase stocks that have lost value subsequent to a prior sale, and (3) purchase additional shares of stocks that have lost value subsequent to being purchased. We document these trading patterns by analyzing trading records for 66,465 households at a large discount broker between January 1991 and November 1996 and 665,533 investors at a large retail broker between January 1997 and June 1999. We argue that the first trading pattern results from a simple form of learning whereby investors repeat actions that previously resulted in pleasure while avoiding actions that previously led to pain (i.e., they repurchase their previous winners but not their previous losers). We argue that the second trading pattern is tied to counterfactuals. Investors who buy a stock at a higher price than they previously sold it for are painfully aware that they are worse off than if they had simply never sold that stock. Investors who buy a stock at a lower price than they previously sold it for experience the pleasure of knowing they are better off than if they had never sold that stock. We argue that the third pattern can also be understood in terms of counterfactuals. Investors who purchase additional shares of a stock at a higher price than they originally paid are aware that they would have been better off making a larger initial purchase, while those who purchase additional shares at a lower price are better off than if they had made a larger initial purchase. Furthermore, by purchasing additional shares at a lower price, investors increase the likelihood that they will be able to sell their shares for more than the average purchase price. From a Prospect Theory perspective, investors are lowering their reference point for this position. Buying stocks that have gone down in price since they were sold, or first purchased, is inconsistent with the general preference of investors for buying stocks with strong recent performance. Investor returns do not reliably benefit from any of the three patterns we document.