gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) activation induces microRNA-dependent reexpression of functional RARβ and tumor regression (2013)

Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is a key effector of the innate immune system against viruses. Activation of TLR3 exerts an antitumoral effect through a mechanism of action still poorly understood. Here we show that TLR3 activation by polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid induces up-regulation of microRNA-29b, -29c, -148b, and -152 in tumor-derived cell lines and primary tumors. In turn, these microRNAs induce reexpression of epigenetically silenced genes by targeting DNA methyltransferases. In DU145 and TRAMP-C1 prostate and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, we demonstrated that polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid-mediated activation of TLR3 induces microRNAs targeting DNA methyltransferases, leading to demethylation and reexpression of the oncosuppressor retinoic acid receptor beta (RARβ). As a result, cancer cells become sensitive to retinoic acid and undergo apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides evidence of an antitumoral mechanism of action upon TLR3 activation and the biological rationale for a combined TLR3 agonist/retinoic acid treatment of prostate and breast cancer.
Active transport: a new chemical separation method? (2006)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
Proteomic analysis of <i>Plasmodium</i> in the mosquito: progress and pitfalls (2012)

Here we discuss proteomic analyses of whole cell preparations of the mosquito stages of malaria parasite development (i.e. gametocytes, microgamete, ookinete, oocyst and sporozoite) of Plasmodium berghei. We also include critiques of the proteomes of two cell fractions from the purified ookinete, namely the micronemes and cell surface. Whereas we summarise key biological interpretations of the data, we also try to identify key methodological constraints we have met, only some of which we were able to resolve. Recognising the need to translate the potential of current genome sequencing into functional understanding, we report our efforts to develop more powerful combinations of methods for the in silico prediction of protein function and location. We have applied this analysis to the proteome of the male gamete, a cell whose very simple structural organisation facilitated interpretation of data. Some of the in silico predictions made have now been supported by ongoing protein tagging and genetic knockout studies. We hope this discussion may assist future studies.
UNDERSTANDING THE CORRELATION OF SAN JOAQUIN AIR QUALITY MONITORING WITH AEROSOL OPTICAL THICKNESS SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS (2007)

Air quality in the San Joaquin Valley has failed to meet state and federal attainment standards for Particulate Matter (PM) for several years. This is attributed to anthropogenic and natural sources. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) continuously monitor San Joaquin Valley air quality from selected ground sites, and these efforts can be enhanced by the broad spatial coverage provided by satellites. While previous studies show good correlations between satellite derived Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) and PM data on the East Coast, this is not the case in the San Joaquin Valley. This paper compares PM2.5 ground data from CARB and Interagency Monitoring of Protected Environments (IMPROVE) sites with satellite data in an effort to understand the reason behind this discrepancy. AOT values from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) offer an opportunity to verify satellite accuracy to coincide the AOT and PM2.5 comparison. Fieldwork was conducted using the MicroTops II Sun Photometer to measure AOT values in the city of Fresno and correlate with satellite data. Good correlation between Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) and AERONET are shown. Statistical and spatial analysis of satellite and ground data, demonstrated weak correlations between AOT and PM2.5, and consideration of aerosol speciation did not improve the correlations. Further investigation into the effects of meteorological conditions or aerosol layers aloft is needed to determine the causes of the poor correlation.
Asymmetric Epoxidation of Homoallylic Alcohols and Application in a Concise Total Synthesis of (‐)‐α‐Bisabolol and (‐)‐8‐epi‐α‐Bisabolol. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multidimensional Reaction Coordinate for the Excited-state H-atom Transfer in Perylene Quinones: Importance of the 7-Membered Ring in Hypocrellins A and B (2000)

The excited-state intramolecular H-atom transfer reactions of hypocrellins B and A are compared by using time-resolved absorption and fluorescence upconversion techniques. The hypocrellin B photophysics are well described by a simple model involving one ground-state species and excited-state forward and reverse H-atom transfer with a nonfluorescent excited state. We suggest that excited-state conformational changes are coupled to the H-atom transfer in hypocrellin B just as gauche/anti changes are coupled to the H-atom transfer in hypocrellin A.
Turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted MR of ischemic stroke. (1998)

Diffusion-weighted HASTE is equal to diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging in the detection of early ischemia. Because of the absence of significant image distortions and other artifacts, diffusion-weighted HASTE permits fast multiplanar imaging in artifact-prone regions, such as the posterior fossa and the inferior frontal and temporal lobes. Diffusion imaging can be performed on conventional systems with strengths of 1.5 T that do not have echo-planar imaging capabilities.
Can hair loss be reversed with Oxy133, a sterol based drug candidate? (2018)

Experiment is an online platform for funding and sharing scientific discoveries. Push the boundaries of knowledge in biology, chemistry, medicine, physics, computer science, paleontology, economics, engineering, neuroscience, and more.
Synthesis, Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Binding, and Antinociceptive Properties of 2-<i>exo</i>-2-(2‘-Substituted-3‘-phenyl-5‘-pyridinyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptanes. Novel Nicotinic Antagonist (2001)

A series of 2'-substituted-3'-phenyl epibatidine analogues were synthesized and evaluated for inhibition of binding at nicotine acetylcholine receptors and for antinociceptive properties in mice. The introduction of a bulky phenyl group at the 3'-position exerted a profound influence on both receptor binding and antinociceptive effects. Substitution of different groups at the 2'-position distinguished between agonist and antagonist properties. These results demonstrate that structural requirements for receptor activities and recognition are distinctively different.
Quasiresonant exciton spin orientation and alignment in a single quantum dot under zero and nonzero magnetic fields (2009)

The polarization conversion from optical orientation to alignment in single InAlAs/AlGaAs quantum dots (QDs) was studied in detail under zero and nonzero magnetic fields. Under the influence of the effective magnetic field, bright exciton doublets precess in pseudospin space, where the torque vector is composed of the external magnetic field and the anisotropic exchange field. For a number of QDs, we measured the angle difference of the polarization axes obtained with circularly polarized excitations, which is an indicator of the conversion efficiency under a zero magnetic field. By applying a longitudinal magnetic field, a high conversion efficiency of $\ensuremath{\sim}50%$ was achieved. Additionally, the exciton spin-relaxation time and the magnitude of built-in linear dichroism were estimated from the exciton spin dynamics using the three-dimensional pseudospin precession model, and a long spin-relaxation time exceeding the recombination lifetime was obtained. Finally, we discussed the influence of a nuclear magnetic field on the polarization conversion.
Vinyl Compounds of Metals (1962)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Reactions of Vinyl-Metal Compounds Vinyl Compounds of the Alkali Metals Vinyl Compounds of the Group IIA Metals Vinyl Compounds of the Group IIB Metals Vinyl Compounds of the Group III Metals Vinyl Compounds of the Group IV Metals Vinyl Compounds of the Group V Metals Halogen-Substituted Vinyl-Metal Compounds
Mechanism of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of tetrahydrofuran (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of tetrahydrofuranEdward FurimskyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1983, 22, 1, 31–34Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300009a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i300009a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views496Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Self-diffusion mechanisms in sodium (1972)

Abstract The vacancy cannot bc ruled out as an important self-diffusion mechanism in sodium, as has recently been suggested, on the basis of the large isotope effect calculated according to the formalism of the reaction rate theory. Experiment shows that several mechanisms, all with small individual isotope effects, contribute to diffusion over a wide temperature range. Since one of these mechanisms is almost certainly to be identified with the vacancy, theory is still faced with explaining a small isotope effect for the vacancy mechanism. This difficulty is resolved by showing that the large calculated isotope effect is a characteristic feature of the rate theory, but not of the alternative dynamical theory of diffusion. Although no definitive assignment of mechanisms can yet be made, the available evidence is consistent with a picture involving two types of interstitial (of nearly equal energy) and vacancies.
Distinction between Nitrosating Mechanisms within Human Cells and Aqueous Solution (2001)

The quintessential nitrosating species produced during NO autoxidation is N(2)O(3). Nitrosation of amine, thiol, and hydroxyl residues can modulate critical cell functions. The biological mechanisms that control reactivity of nitrogen oxide species formed during autoxidation of nano- to micromolar levels of NO were examined using the synthetic donor NaEt(2)NN(O)NO (DEA/NO), human tumor cells, and 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF). Both the disappearance of NO and formation of nitrosated product from DAF in aerobic aqueous buffer followed second order processes; however, consumption of NO and nitrosation within intact cells were exponential. An optimal ratio of DEA/NO and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazole-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO) was used to form N(2)O(3) through the intermediacy of NO(2). This route was found to be most reflective of the nitrosative mechanism within intact cells and was distinct from the process that occurred during autoxidation of NO in aqueous media. Manipulation of the endogenous scavengers ascorbate and glutathione indicated that the location, affinity, and concentration of these substances were key determinants in dictating nitrosative susceptibility of molecular targets. Taken together, these findings suggest that the functional effects of nitrosation may be organized to occur within discrete domains or compartments. Nitrosative stress may develop when scavengers are depleted and this architecture becomes compromised. Although NO(2) was not a component of aqueous NO autoxidation, the results suggest that the intermediacy of this species may be a significant factor in the advent of either nitrosation or oxidation chemistry in biological systems.
Interaction of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis with gingival</i> epithelial cells maintained in culture. (1992)

Interactions between Porphyromonas gingivalis and gingival epithelial cells were investigated. Gingival epithelial cells were cultured from surgically removed gingival tissue. Electron microscopy demonstrated adherence of P. gingivalis to the cell membranes and microvilli followed by internalization of the bacteria into the epithelial cell cytoplasm. Saliva from healthy and periodontally diseased patients inhibited P. gingivalis association with the epithelial cells. Attachment to and penetration of gingival epithelial cells by P. gingivalis may be important virulence factors in periodontal disease. Salivary molecules may play a role in modulating these interactions.
New onset of diabetes in FK 506 vs cyclosporine-treated kidney transplant recipients. (1991)

The development of diabetes mellitus in the renal transplant population was first reported by Starzl in 1964 and was attributed to the use of steroids.1 Since then, posttransplant diabetes mellitus has been associated with the use of other immunosuppressive agents, such as cyclosporine (CyA). Because FK 506 is also thought to be diabetogenic,2 We retrospectively looked at the incidence of new onset diabetes mellitus in patients treated primarily with either FK 506 or CyA in a randomized trial of kidney transplantations done at the University of Pittsburgh from February 1990 to May 1991.
Identification of the <i>Escherichia coli </i>enzyme I binding site in histidine-containing protein, HPr, by the effects of mutagenesis (1999)

The structure of the N-terminal domain of enzyme I complexed with histidine-containing protein (HPr) has been described by multi-dimensional NMR. Residues in HPr involved in binding were identified by intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects (Garrett et al. 1999). Most of these residues have been mutated, and the effect of these changes on binding has been assessed by enzyme I kinetic measurement. Changes to Thr16, Arg17, Lys24, Lys27, Ser46, Leu47, Lys49, Gln51, and Thr56 result in increases to the HPr Km of enzyme I, which would be compatible with changes in binding. Except for mutations to His15 and Arg17, very little or no change in Vmax was found. Alanine replacements for Gln21, Thr52, and Leu55 have no effect. The mutation Lys40Ala also affects HPr Km of enzyme I; residue 40 is contiguous with the enzyme I binding site in HPr and was not identified by NMR. The mutations leading to a reduction in the size of the side chain (Thr16Ala, Arg17Gly, Lys24Ala, Lys27Ala, and Lys49Gly) caused relatively large increases in Km (>5-fold) indicating these residues have more significant roles in binding to enzyme I. Acidic replacement at Ser46 caused very large increases (>100-fold), while Gln51Glu gave a 3-fold increase in Km. While these results essentially concur with the identification of residues by the NMR experiments, the apparent importance of individual residues as determined by mutation and kinetic measurement does not necessarily correspond with the number of contacts derived from observed intermolecular nuclear Overhauser effects.
<title>Solar Chromospheric and Coronal Explorer</title> (1996)

The presence of the solar magnetic field has a profound effect on the structure of the lower chromosphere, and is responsible for the formation of the upper chromosphere and the corona, and the acceleration of the solar wind. The variation of the field induces variations in the chromosphere and the corona on time scales from 0.001 seconds to centries. SOHO, and subsequent approved solar missions such as TRACE will bring powerful observational capabilities to bear on critical questions relating to solar variability. However, the most fundamental question--how energy is transferred from the magnetic field into the solar plasma--will require observations of diagnostic quality on a spatial scale of 50 - 100 kilometers; this is an order of magnitude beyond the capability of any planned mission. Our mission concept, the Solar Chromospheric and Coronal Explorer (SCCE) is designed to investigate the mechanisms underlying the variability of the solar atmosphere, by attaining spectroscopic observations of the solar atmosphere over a wide range of temperatures (4,500 K to 100,000,000 K), with very high angular (0.1 arcseconds) and temporal (0.001 seconds) resolution, that will permit models of the physical processes that underlie the phenomena of solar activity to be formulated and tested at the scale, 50 - 75 kilometers that appears to be fundamental. The architecture of the SCCE is based on advances in multilayer optics, which permit broad spectral response, and high angular and spectral resolution to be achieved in a volume, and at a cost that is compatible with deployment within the fiscal and physical constraints of the MIDEX program.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Solid‐State Synthesis of Materials from Molybdenum Disulfide to Refractories. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Proprotein interaction with the GPI transamidase (2003)

For characterizing how the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) transamidase complex functions, we exploited a two-step miniPLAP (placental alkaline phosphatase) in vitro translation system. With this system, rough microsomal membranes (RM) containing either [(35)S]-labeled Gaa1p or epitope-tagged Gpi8p, alternative components of the enzymatic complex, were first prepared. In a second translation, unmodified or mutant miniPLAP mRNA was used such that [(35)S]-labeled native or variant miniPLAP nascent protein was introduced. Following this, the RM were solubilized and anti-PLAP or anti-epitope immunoprecipitates were analyzed. With transamidase competent HeLa cell RM, anti-PLAP or anti-epitope antibody coprecipitated both Gaa1p and Gpi8p consistent with the assembly of the proprotein into a Gaa1p:Gpi8p-containing complex. When RM from K562 mutant K cells which lack Gpi8p were used, anti-PLAP antibody coprecipitated Gaa1p. The proprotein coprecipitation of Gaa1p increased with a nonpermissive GPI anchor addition (omega) site. In contrast, if a miniPLAP mutant devoid of its C-terminal signal was used, no coprecipitation occurred. During the transamidation reaction, a transient high Mr band forms. To definitively characterize this product, RM from K cells transfected with FLAG-tagged GPI8 were employed. Western blots of anti-FLAG bead isolates of solubilized RM from the cells showed that the high Mr band corresponded to Gpi8p covalently bound to miniPLAP. Loss of the band following hydrazinolysis demonstrated that the two components were associated in a thioester linkage. The data indicate that recognition of the proprotein involves Gaa1p, that the interaction with the complex does not depend on a permissive omega site, and that Gpi8p forms a thioester intermediate with the proprotein. The method could be useful for rapid analysis of nascent protein interactions with transamidase components, and possibly for helping to prepare a functional in vitro transamidase system.
On the genus Meleoma A. Fitch (1896)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Severe Gardner syndrome in families with mutations restricted to a specific region of the APC gene. (1995)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is associated with a number of extraintestinal manifestations, which include osteomas, epidermoid cysts, and desmoid tumors, often referred to as "Gardner syndrome." Recent studies have suggested that some of the phenotypic features of FAP are dependent on the position of the mutation within the APC gene. In particular, the correlation between congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) and APC genotype indicates that affected families may be divided into distinct groups. We have investigated the association between the dentoosseous features of GS on dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) and APC genotype in a regional cohort of FAP families. DPRs were performed on 84 affected individuals from 36 families, and the dento-osseous features of FAP were quantified by a weighted scoring system. Significant DPR abnormalities were present in 69% of affected individuals. The APC gene mutation was identified in 27 of these families, and for statistical analysis these were subdivided into three groups. Group 1 comprised 18 affected individuals from seven families with mutations 5' of exon 9; these families (except one) did not express CHRPE. Groups 2 comprised 38 individuals from 16 families with mutations between exon 9 and codon 1444, all of whom expressed CHRPE. Group 3 comprised 11 individuals from four families with mutations 3' of codon 1444, none of whom expressed CHRPE. Families with mutations 3' of codon 1444 had significantly more lesions on DPRs (P < .001) and appeared to have a higher incidence of desmoid tumors. These results suggest that the severity of some of the features of Gardner syndrome may correlate with genotype in FAP.
Crosscut computer memory hardware design (2002)

The structure and an illustrative hardware design of the Crosscut (CC) memory is presented. The intention is to illustrate the techniques necessary to design CC memory to suit a particular computer system bus. A computer system using a Motorola MC68000 CPU with a 16-bit data bus is used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synergistic inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid on prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> release in primary rat microglia (2003)

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) has been suggested to protect cerebral tissue in a variety of pathophysiological situations such as head trauma, ischemia or Alzheimer's disease. Most of these protective actions have been attributed to the antioxidative capacity of ascorbic acid. Besides the presence of elevated levels of oxygen radicals, prostaglandins produced by neurones and microglial cells seem to play an important role in prolonged tissue damage. We investigated whether ascorbic acid alone inhibits prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and may augment the inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid on prostaglandin synthesis. Ascorbic acid dose-dependently inhibited PGE2 synthesis in lipopolysaccharide-treated primary rat microglial cells (IC50 = 3.70 micro m). In combination with acetylsalicylic acid (IC50 = 1.85 micro m), ascorbic acid augmented the inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid on PGE2 synthesis (IC50 = 0.25 micro m in combination with 100 micro m ascorbic acid). Ascorbic acid alone or in combination with acetylsalicylic acid did not inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein synthesis but inhibited COX-2 enzyme activity. Our results show that ascorbic acid and acetylsalicylic acid act synergistically in inhibiting PGE2 synthesis, which may help to explain a possible protective effect of ascorbic acid in various brain diseases.
Effect of the Finite Size of the Proton on the Coulomb Energy of He<sup>3</sup> (1959)

The Coulomb energy of Res is calculated by assuming an extended proton. The Coulomb energy is shown to be reduced by a large amount.