gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA targeting of rhinal cortex D2 receptor protein reversibly blocks learning of cues that predict reward (2004)

When schedules of several operant trials must be successfully completed to obtain a reward, monkeys quickly learn to adjust their behavioral performance by using visual cues that signal how many trials have been completed and how many remain in the current schedule. Bilateral rhinal (perirhinal and entorhinal) cortex ablations irreversibly prevent this learning. Here, we apply a recombinant DNA technique to investigate the role of dopamine D2 receptor in rhinal cortex for this type of learning. Rhinal cortex was injected with a DNA construct that significantly decreased D2 receptor ligand binding and temporarily produced the same profound learning deficit seen after ablation. However, unlike after ablation, the D2 receptor-targeted, DNA-treated monkeys recovered cue-related learning after 11-19 weeks. Injecting a DNA construct that decreased N-methyl-d-aspartate but not D2 receptor ligand binding did not interfere with learning associations between the cues and the schedules. A second D2 receptor-targeted DNA treatment administered after either recovery from a first D2 receptor-targeted DNA treatment (one monkey), after N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-targeted DNA treatment (two monkeys), or after a vector control treatment (one monkey) also induced a learning deficit of similar duration. These results suggest that the D2 receptor in primate rhinal cortex is essential for learning to relate the visual cues to the schedules. The specificity of the receptor manipulation reported here suggests that this approach could be generalized in this or other brain pathways to relate molecular mechanisms to cognitive functions.
Catalytic properties of horseradish peroxidase reconstituted with the 8-(hydroxymethyl)- and 8-formylheme derivatives (1993)

Recent studies suggest that 8-(thiomethyl)- and 8-formylheme modifications may be present in, respectively, lactoperoxidase and myeloperoxidase. To examine whether these heme modifications contribute to the unusual catalytic properties of the mammalian peroxidases, we have reconstituted apo-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) with 8-(hydroxymethyl)heme (8HM-HRP) and 8-formylheme (8F-HRP) and have characterized the reconstituted enzymes. Native HRP and 8HM-HRP have identical spectra in the ferric, compound I, and compound II states. In contrast, the Soret band of 8F-HRP is at 417 rather than 402 nm and that of its compound II species is at 436 rather than 416 nm. Compound I was observed as a transient species with 8F-HRP. The rate of formation of compound I was the same for native and 8HM-HRP, but the pseudo-first-order constant for decay of compound I was 0.021 s-1 for 8HM-HRP and 0.010 s-1 for native HRP. The rates of oxidation of guaiacol, iodide, and thioanisole are the same for native HRP and 8HM-HRP but are significantly slower for 8F-HRP. The stereospecificity of thioanisole oxidation is the same for native and 8HM-HRP, but differs for 8F-HRP. For guaiacol, which was studied in detail, Km = 2.3 mM and kcat = 33 s-1 for 8F-HRP versus Km = 1.8 mM and kcat = 104 s-1 for native HRP. 8HM-HRP oxidizes ethylhydrazine and azide to the ethyl and azidyl radicals, respectively, and is simultaneously inactivated. 8F-HRP is also slowly inactivated by ethylhydrazine and azide.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of <i>Rubus ulmifolius</i> Extracts Originating from Four Regions of Tunisia (2016)

In the current study, the phenolic composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts from Rubus ulmifolius Schott leaves harvested in four localities (Sejnen, Tabarka, Faija and Ain drahem) in Tunisia were investigated for the first time. Great differences were found for the chemical composition, total phenol contents and biological activities among the evaluated extracts. HPLC analysis of methanolic extracts showed that the dominant compounds were kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and naringenine. In addition, significant correlations were observed between antioxidant activities and phenolic contents. In fact, leaves collected from Sejnen presented higher total phenol content (53.32 mg GAE/g DW) and antioxidant activities (IC<sub>50</sub> = 39.40 mg/l) than the others samples. All extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity against six used bacteria with the inhibition zones diameters and minimal inhibitory concentration values were in the range of 8 - 16 mm and 6.25 - 25 mg/ml, respectively. The highest antimicrobial activities were recorded in Sejnen extract against Gram-positive bacteria.
Regulation der Phytaseexpression in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (2006)

Viele Bacillus Stämme sekretieren Phytasen, diese katalysieren die Dephosphorylierung von myo-Inositolhexakisphosphat (phytate). Das monocystronische phyC Gen aus dem im Boden lebenden Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB45 konnte als Teil des, durch Phosphatmangel induzierbaren, PhoPR-Regulons identifiziert werden. Der Transkriptionsstart des SigmaA-abhängigen Promotors wurde 27 bp upstream von Translationsstart bestimmt. Der Promotor weist jedoch eine ungewöhnliche Struktur auf, da die –35 und die –10 Region durch ein 21 bp Fenster voneinander getrennt sind. Die in vitro Transkriptionsanalyse zeigte, dass PhoP-P für die Initiation der phyC-Transkription notwendig ist. Die PhoP-Bindungsstellen der meisten B. subtilis Promotoren, die durch PhoP aktiviert werden, besitzen mindestens vier TTAACA-ähnliche Sequenzmotive, welche durch 5-6 bp- Intervalle getrennt sind. Die upstream Region von phyC aus B. amyloliquefaciens FZB45 weicht von dieser Struktur ab. Hier konnten nur zwei solcher Motive, die für die Bindung eines PhoP-Dimeres zuständig sind und die Positionen -47 und -35 überlagern, identifiziert werden. Ein weiteres Motiv befindet sich zwischen -13 und –8 und überlappt um eine Base mit der –10 Region. Die Funktionen der drei Bindungsstellen konnten durch DNaseI-Footprinting ermittelt werden. Ein PhoP-Dimer besetzt die –35 Region und dirigiert dabei die RNA-Polymerase wahrscheinlich in Richtung –10 Region. Durch die Bindung von PhoP an die PhoP-Erkennungsstelle bei –10 wird die Transkription gehemmt. Diese PhoP-vermittelte duale Kontrolle des phyC-Promotors scheint bis lang einzigartig für Pho-Regulongene zu sein. Der globale Regulator AbrB konnte als weiterer Repressor des phyC identifiziert werden. Die Bindungsstelle befinden sich upstream von –147 und downsteam von +29, müssen aber in weiteren Experimenten genauer spezifiziert werden. Diese Arbeit stellt als erste die Modelle der phyC-Regulation durch PhoP und AbrB vor.
2D data-driven stalk cell prediction model based on tip-stalk cell interaction in angiogenesis (2013)

Angiogenesis is the growth process of blood vessels from existing vessels. During angiogenesis, endothelial cells (ECs), which line the vessel, specialize into tip and stalk cells. Tip cells respond to angiogenic signals, burrow into the extracellular matrix (ECM) and form conduits. Stalk cells follow the tip cells along the conduits, and form solid sprouts or lumen vessels. Interactions between stalk cells and tip cells are important for creating functional vessels. The goal of this work is to predict stalk cells migration trajectories from known tip cell trajectories. Four factors influence the position and velocity of cell migration in ECM: cell-cell interaction, drag force, chemotactic signal and cell-ECM interaction. As chemotactic signal and cell-ECM interactions have little effect on stalk cell movement, the proposed model includes the influence of cell-cell interactions and drag force only. The unknown parameters in the model are inferred by Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) from experimental time-lapse cell migration data. Numerical results suggest that the proposed model can accurately predict stalk cell trajectories. The proposed model may be useful for the study of angiogenesis, a critical process for cancer tumor growth.
Evaluation of the substrate envelope hypothesis for inhibitors of HIV‐1 protease (2007)

Crystallographic data show that various substrates of HIV protease occupy a remarkably uniform region within the binding site; this region has been termed the substrate envelope. It has been suggested that an inhibitor that fits within the substrate envelope should tend to evade viral resistance because a protease mutation that reduces the affinity of the inhibitor will also tend to reduce the affinity of substrate, and will hence decrease the activity of the enzyme. Accordingly, inhibitors that fit the substrate envelope better should be less susceptible to clinically observed resistant mutations, since these must also allow substrates to bind. The present study describes a quantitative measure of the volume of a bound inhibitor falling outside the substrate envelope, and observes that this quantity correlates with the inhibitor's losses in affinity to clinically relevant mutants. This measure may thus be useful as a penalty function in the design of robust HIV protease inhibitors.
Analysis of Interferometric Radar Data in a Queensland, Australia Tropical Rain Forest (1999)

The radar flies at 8000 m (24000 ft) above the ground and collects data in swath about 10 km wide. The radar simultaneously collects data from multiple frequencies and is capable of making interferometric radar measurements.
Mental Stress Induces Prolonged Endothelial Dysfunction via Endothelin-A Receptors (2002)

Mental stress induces prolonged endothelial dysfunction, which is prevented by selective endothelin-A receptor antagonism. This represents a novel and important link between mental stress and atherosclerotic vascular disease.
The Spared Nerve Injury (SNI) Model of Induced Mechanical Allodynia in Mice (2011)

Peripheral neuropathic pain is a severe chronic pain condition which may result from trauma to sensory nerves in the peripheral nervous system. The spared nerve injury (SNI) model induces symptoms of neuropathic pain such as mechanical allodynia i.e. pain due to tactile stimuli that do not normally provoke a painful response [1]. The SNI mouse model involves ligation of two of the three branches of the sciatic nerve (the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve), while the sural nerve is left intact [2]. The lesion results in marked hypersensitivity in the lateral area of the paw, which is innervated by the spared sural nerve. The non-operated side of the mouse can be used as a control. The advantages of the SNI model are the robustness of the response and that it doesn’t require expert microsurgical skills. The threshold for mechanical pain response is determined by testing with von Frey filaments of increasing bending force, which are repetitively pressed against the lateral area of the paw [3], [4]. A positive pain reaction is defined as sudden paw withdrawal, flinching and/or paw licking induced by the filament. A positive response in three out of five repetitive stimuli is defined as the pain threshold. As demonstrated in the video protocol, C57BL/6 mice experience profound allodynia as early as the day following surgery and maintain this for several weeks.
Proton Initiated Ligand Exchange Reactions for Colloidal Nanocrystals Functionalized by Inorganic Ligands with Extremely Weak Coordination Ability (2019)

Replacing initial long chain organic ligands by small, stable, and conductive inorganic ligands (ILs) via inorganic ligand exchange reaction (ILER) opens up new opportunities for the functionalization and application of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs). Although IL functionalized NCs have been successfully obtained via ILER for most ILs, some common anions, including F–, NO3–, SO42–, and ClO4– with extremely weak coordination ability, are hardly explored. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time the access of these IL capped NCs via ILER by using H+ as the electrophile reagent, which efficiently and irreversibly strips off the original organic ligands first. A long-term colloidal stability can be realized for these anion capped NCs via the replacement of H+ by other suitable monovalent counterions. It is believed that the successful capping with these hard ILs for soft NCs such as CdSe will not only promote the development of IL exchange theory and mechanism but also significantly enrich the toolbox of colloidal NCs and provide great opportunities in the design and construction of new NC-based devices.
Penetrabilidad y effecto histologico de diferentes dosis de factor de crecimiento epidermico en quemaduras (1995)

En el presente estudio se analizan la penetrabilidad del EGF a partir de piel lesionada y el efecto histologico del mismo
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of telephone consultations for fever or gastroenteritis using a formalised procedure in general practice: study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02286245 , registered on 9 September 2014.
Possible Anomaly in the Surface Tension of Supercooled Water: New Experiments at Extreme Supercooling down to −31.4 °C (2020)

The surface tension of water is suspected to show a substantial increase at low temperatures, which is considered to be one of the many anomalies of water. The second inflection point (SIP) anomaly, originally claimed to be at around -8 °C, was experimentally refuted down to -25 °C by Hrubý et al. (<i>J. Phys. Chem. Lett.</i> <b>2014</b>, 5, 425-428). Recent molecular simulations predict the SIP anomaly near or even below the homogeneous freezing limit of around -38 °C. To contribute to an ongoing discussion about the SIP anomaly, new experiments focused on extreme levels of supercooling were carried out in this study. Unique experimental data down to -31.4 °C were collected using two measuring techniques based on the capillary rise method. A significant deviation from the extrapolated IAPWS formulation R1-76(2014) for surface tension of ordinary water was detected below -20 °C. Contrary to previous data, new experiments provide room for an anomaly in the course of surface tension in the deeply supercooled region.
An exploratory study of associations with spontaneous preterm birth in primigravid pregnant women with a normal cervical length (2021)

In this exploratory study of primigravid women, elevations in vaginal TIMP-1 and L- lactic acid and <i>L. iners</i> dominance in the vaginal microbiome are associated with an increased occurrence of SPTB.
Loss and correlation measurements in squaraine-doped nonlinear polymer optical fibers (1997)

Loss measurements for dye-doped polymer optical fibers are reported. These losses can contribute to the degradation of information in communications systems and limit the effectiveness of optical modulators built from nonlinear polymer optical fibers. Therefore it is essential that loss mechanisms be studied to determine which dyes can be used successfully. rThansverse scattering and successive-cut-and-measure techniques are compared. The benefit of the transverse loss measurement is that it is non-destructive while the successive-cut-and-measure method is simple albeit time consuming. Along with a characterization of linear absorption, the transverse loss technique provides a way to quantitatively describe the inhomogeneities in these fibers by providing the means for calculating the correlation length (to be described in the text) of the fiber that is measured.
Fast Prediction of Selectivity in Heterogeneous Catalysis from Extended Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi Relations: A Theoretical Insight (2009)

Figuring it out: Linear relations are found when the energies of the transition states () are plotted against those of the precursor states () for the hydrogenation of unsaturated aldehydes on platinum (see picture, FS=final state). This relation allows a quick and accurate determination of the energy barriers of the reaction when changing the chemical environment of the reactive center. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Rapid Manufacturing in the 21(superscript ST) Century (2003)

This paper explores ways in which rapid prototyping technologies are evolving into rapid manufacturing technologies. These technologies will bring about an age of fixture-less manufacturing, mass customization, and increasingly distributed manufacturing in the coming years. The layer-based fabrication techniques are fundamentally different from conventional fabrication techniques, and they will significantly affect all phases of product development from initial design through final disposal. The paper describes ways in which rapid manufacturing will affect industrial and manufacturing engineers, and it provides example applications of mass customization.
Protein–protein interaction in low water organic media (1990)

Trypsin either modified with polyethylene glycol or as a suspended powder was used to catalyze digestion of protein substrates in benzene in order to get insight into protein-protein interactions in water-immiscible organic media. Depending on whether suspended or soluble trypsin was used, catalysis was found to proceed differently. In the first case, the amount of water in the reaction mixture (up to 1% v/v) appeared to be critical, and adsorption of water from the reaction medium by the protein substrate allowed it to behave as a hydrophilic support material comparable to that involved in immobilized enzymes. In the latter case, the presence of an additional nucleophile was a prerequisite for catalysis to proceed, and thus both water and nucleophile concentrations had some influence on trypsin activity. Phe-NH(2) was the most potent nucleophile for proteolysis catalyzed by polyethylene glycol-modified trypsin in organic media containing 1-2% water (v/v). The organic solvent-soluble enzyme was found to bind reversibly to the protein substrate as a function of both extent of hydration of the reaction medium and time of incubation. The overall results strongly suggested that modified trypsin catalyzed peptide bond hydrolysis at the protein substrate-organic solvent interface. Peptide mapping of bovine insulin digest by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography definitely showed that enzyme-catalyzed proteolysis did occur in organic solvents with a concomitant and significant transpeptidation reaction.
Coordination of Cell Cycle Progression and Mitotic Spindle Assembly Involves Histone H3 Lysine 4 Methylation by Set1/COMPASS (2016)

Methylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) by Set1 complex/COMPASS is a hallmark of eukaryotic chromatin, but it remains poorly understood how this post-translational modification contributes to the regulation of biological processes like the cell cycle. Here, we report a H3K4 methylation-dependent pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that governs toxicity toward benomyl, a microtubule destabilizing drug. Benomyl-sensitive growth of wild-type cells required mono- and dimethylation of H3K4 and Pho23, a PHD-containing subunit of the Rpd3L complex. Δset1 and Δpho23 deletions suppressed defects associated with ipl1-2 aurora kinase mutant, an integral component of the spindle assembly checkpoint during mitosis. Benomyl resistance of Δset1 strains was accompanied by deregulation of all four tubulin genes and the phenotype was suppressed by tub2-423 and Δtub3 mutations, establishing a genetic link between H3K4 methylation and microtubule function. Most interestingly, sine wave fitting and clustering of transcript abundance time series in synchronized cells revealed a requirement for Set1 for proper cell-cycle-dependent gene expression and Δset1 cells displayed delayed entry into S phase. Disruption of G1/S regulation in Δmbp1 and Δswi4 transcription factor mutants duplicated both benomyl resistance and suppression of ipl1-2 as was observed with Δset1 Taken together our results support a role for H3K4 methylation in the coordination of cell-cycle progression and proper assembly of the mitotic spindle during mitosis.
Processing models and characterization of thermoplastic composite wound parts (1997)

Abstract Squeezing flow was adopted to model the processing of thermoplastic composites in filament winding. It is found that the resin flow is facilitated as a result of the slip condition, thus reducing the process times. An apparatus with a constant dead weight was employed to characterize the rheology of the thermoplastic composite in filament winding. The system is carbon fiber (AS4) reinforced with the polyetherketone‐ketone (PEKK) thermoplastic matrix. It is found that resin flow is dominant in the transverse fiber direction and there is insignificant flow along the fiber direction. An empirical equation of viscosity for AS4/PEKK as a function of temperature was obtained based on the model. For mechanical properties, either in a 4‐point bending test or a short beam shear test, most of the hoop wound rings failed at the inside radius or on the compression side. Insufficiently applied heat and a cold mandrel in the beginning of the winding process may result in low degree of consolidation on the compression side. The average void content of the hoop wound ring is lower than that of the preimpregnated tow because of void compression through resin flow during the winding process.
ChemInform Abstract: LASER PHOTOLYSIS STUDY OF THE PHOTOSUBSTITUTION IN DIMANGANESE DECACARBONYL (1984)

Abstract Die durch Blitzlichtphotolyse von Mn 2 (CO) 10 in Cyclohexan unter Verwendung eines l0‐ns N 2 ‐Laser‐Impulses ausgelösten beiden primären Photoprozesse sind die Bildung von Mn(CO) 5 ‐Radikalen durch Mn‐Mn‐Spaltung und die Bildung von Mn 2 (CO) 9 durch Mn‐CO‐Spaltung.
An Er fiber laser generating multi-milliwatt picosecond pulses with ultralow intensity noise (2018)

We demonstrate a polarization-maintaining Er fiber laser incorporating a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM) and a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) to generate a train of 9.0-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 40 MHz with an average power of ∼8 mW. Its intensity noise at 8 MHz is measured to be almost shot-noise-limited, and the corresponding relative intensity noise is as low as −165 dB/Hz.