gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operating system support for adaptive distributed real-time systems in DRAGON SLAYER (1989)

We analyze current and future needs in building adaptive real-time systems, and then formulate a series of design requirements for their hardware/interconnection, operating system, and application levels from which we derive a plea for a layered and integrated system design. We report on the novel distributed operating system DRAGON SLAYER which provides highly reliable and adaptive kernel services for real-time applications. It supports the novel file system MELODY which, in order to both meet real-time constraints and provide for high availability in a hazardous environment, allows for replicating, relocating, or deleting of file copies. Such copies may also assume a different status regarding the recency, reliability, and consistency of their information: They may be public or private. Status changes as well as file replication, deletion, or relocation are analyzed and managed by local file assigners , based on cost and time delay criteria and - for public copies - on cooperation with all file assigners responsible for the other public copies of a given file. A distributed implementation of our integrated system design model is currently being completed in our labs in order to serve as a distributed real-time testbed. For systems modeled according to our design requirements all relevant parameters could be checked and fine-tuned according to the environmental situation for the tested system.- We also report on a sensitivity study that shows how promptly the MELODY file system reacts to changing environmental situations (changing request patterns). Our findings are discussed, future work is outlined.
Die cracking in flip chip assemblies (2002)

Die cracking is one of the crucial issues that influences the reliability of flip chip assemblies. As the demand for inputs/outputs escalates, the die size required to handle these demands has also increased. This, in turn, has resulted in higher stresses in the die. Die cracking depends on a combination of several factors. These include back side defects induced in silicon during wafer fabrication, defects induced on the sides of the silicon die during the dicing process and properties of the encapsulant. In addition, die cracking may also occur due to inequalities in the forces that are applied on the package, for example, as a consequence of thermal loads. This paper discusses the different modes of die cracking seen in high end flip chip applications. The 'backside' defects introduced during wafer fabrication act as sites for stress concentration, thereby initiating vertical die cracking when the package is subjected to thermal loading. As the stresses required to cause vertical die cracking in flip chip applications are high, horizontal die cracking is more commonly witnessed. The relationship between the critical tensile stress required to cause vertical die cracking and the maximum allowable size of the surface defects is quantitatively stated. Factors that can help reduce the incidence of die cracking are discussed. These include an improved dicing process, a reduction of 'back side' defects, a reduction in the mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between the various constituents of a flip chip assembly, and a decrease in the warpage of the package.
Bone Tunnel Enlargement After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Replacement (1994)

Radiographic increase in the size of tibial and femoral tunnels has been observed. This retrospective study compared tibial tunnel diameter in 56 autograft and 87 allograft patellar tendon bone-tendon-bone anterior cruciate ligament replacements whose observed tunnel changes were correlated with clinical results at 1 year postoperatively. Tibial tunnel sclerotic margins were measured approximately 1 cm below the joint line. Exact tunnel dimension was calculated by using a magnification factor determined by the interference screw of known diameter within the same tunnel. Average allograft tunnel enlargement was 1.2 mm (-2.5 to 6.0) compared with the autograft tunnel enlargement of 0.26 mm (-2.5 to 2.7); the difference was significant (P > 0.0002). No significant difference was seen in KT-1000 arthrometer measurements between autograft or allograft groups, and no correlation was seen between increased tunnel size and clinical outcome as determined by the modified Hughston knee evaluation system. Tunnel measurement reproducibility was confirmed by independent repeated measurements. The significance of this tunnel enlargement is unknown and does not appear to adversely affect clinical outcome of allograft utilization. Possible explanations include an immune response with resorption, stress shielding proximal to the interference screw resulting in resorption, or an inflammatory response by synovium in the tunnel.
Cytomechanical and topological investigation of MCF-7 cells by scanning force microscopy (2009)

Despite enormous advances in breast cancer biology, there is an increased demand for new technologies/methods that are able to provide supplementary information to genomics and proteomics. Here, we exploit scanning force microscopy (SFM) in combination with confocal microscopy, to investigate the morphological and mechanical properties of two neoplastic cell lines: (i) MCF-7 (human breast cancer) and (ii) HeLa (human cervical carcinoma). Living and fixed cells either in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) or in air have been studied, and the viscoelastic properties (including the Young's modulus) of cells grown onto standard and modified (e.g. by fibronectin, one of the cellular matrix components) substrates have been measured. We observed different Young's modulus values, influenced by the adhesion and growth behaviour onto specific substrate surfaces.
Investigation of series-parallel connections of multi-module batteries for electrified vehicles (2014)

Large-format Lithium-ion battery packs consist of the series and parallel connection of elemental cells, usually assembled into modules. The required voltage and capacity of the battery pack can be reached by various configurations of the elemental cells or modules. It is thus worth investigating if different configurations lead to different performance of the battery pack in presence of a mismatch in the cell characteristics. A simulation tool is developed in this work and applied to a battery pack consisting of standard 12 V modules connected with various serial/parallel topologies. The results show that battery configurations with modules directly connected in parallel and then assembled in series are more robust against variation of the cell capacity through the battery. Moreover, given the cells and the battery configuration, we show that changing the position of the cells has a significant impact on the usable capacity of the battery.
Factors influencing the success of embryo transfer in cattle (2004)

Embryo transfer is one step in the process of removing one or more embryos from the reproductive tract of a donor female and transferring them to one or more recipient females. Embryos also can be produced in the laboratory via techniques such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or somatic cell cloning. But the actual transfer of an embryo is only one step in a series
[Cellular and humoral immunity and systemic and regional fibrinolysis in patients with chronic suppurative bronchitis]. (1988)

The state of cellular and humoral immunity, systemic and regional fibrinolysis was studied in 47 patients with chronic purulent bronchitis of a moderately severe and severe course. The suppression of cellular immunity, expressed in the reduction of the number and function of T-cells, the reduction of the number of theophylline-resistant cells with the unchangeable level of theophylline-sensitive lymphocytes was revealed. An additional study of O-cells made it possible to reveal an increase in the number of precursor and blocked T-cells, the prevalence of the fraction of suppressor-killer lymphocytes in T-lymphocyte subpopulation. The detected shifts lead to disturbance of T-B-cell cooperation, antibody genesis, and breakage of fibrinolysis immune regulation which determine progression of inflammatory changes in the bronchopulmonary system. Their detection and elimination form the basis of modern pathogenetic therapy of purulent forms of chronic bronchitis.
NOVA: A Log-Structured File System for Hybrid Volatile/Non-Volatile Main Memories. (2016)

Fast non-volatile memories (NVMs) will soon appear on the processor memory bus alongside DRAM. The resulting hybrid memory systems will provide software with sub-microsecond, high-bandwidth access to persistent data, but managing, accessing, and maintaining consistency for data stored in NVM raises a host of challenges. Existing file systems built for spinning or solid-state disks introduce software overheads that would obscure the performance that NVMs should provide, but proposed file systems for NVMs either incur similar overheads or fail to provide the strong consistency guarantees that applications require.

We present NOVA, a file system designed to maximize performance on hybrid memory systems while providing strong consistency guarantees. NOVA adapts conventional log-structured file system techniques to exploit the fast random access that NVMs provide. In particular, it maintains separate logs for each inode to improve concurrency, and stores file data outside the log to minimize log size and reduce garbage collection costs. NOVA's logs provide metadata, data, and mmap atomicity and focus on simplicity and reliability, keeping complex metadata structures in DRAM to accelerate lookup operations. Experimental results show that in write-intensive workloads, NOVA provides 22% to 216× throughput improvement compared to state-of-the-art file systems, and 3.1× to 13.5× improvement compared to file systems that provide equally strong data consistency guarantees.
Adsorption and Catalytic Oxidation of Gaseous Elemental Mercury in Flue Gas over MnO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/Alumina (2009)

MnOx/Al2O3 catalysts (i.e., impregnating manganese oxide on alumina) were employed to remove elemental mercury (Hg0) from flue gas. MnOx/Al2O3 was found to have significant adsorption performance on capturing Hg0 in the absence of hydrogen chloride (HCl), and its favorable adsorption temperature was about 600 K. However, the catalytic oxidation of Hg0 became dominant when HCl or chlorine (Cl2) was present in flue gas, and the removal efficiency of Hg0 was up to 90% with 20 ppm of HCl or 2 ppm of Cl2. In addition, the catalysts with adsorbed mercury could be chemically regenerated by rinsing with HCl gas to strip off the adsorbed mercury in the form of HgCl2. Sulfur dioxide displayed inhibition to the adsorption of Hg0on the catalysts, but the inhibition was less to the catalytic oxidation of Hg0, especially in the presence of Cl2. The analysis results of XPS and pyrolysis−AAS indicated that the adsorbed mercury was mainly in the forms of mercuric oxide (HgO) and the weakly bonded speciation, and the ratio of them varied with the adsorption amount and manganese content on catalysts. The multifunctional performances of MnOx/Al2O3 on the removal of Hg0 appeared to be promising in the industrial applications.
Mechanism of Photodecomposition of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> on TiO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces under Visible Light Irradiation (2001)

Photodecomposition of hydrogen peroxide on TiO2 surfaces under visible irradiation (λ > 420 nm) was investigated, and an interesting result was found that small organic compounds such as salicylic acid were degraded in the presence of TiO2 and H2O2 under visible irradiation, although either TiO2 or H2O2 alone cannot absorb visible light to decompose H2O2 or small organic compounds. Furthermore, the effects of H2O2 concentration, pH, and the wavelength of irradiation light on the degradation of H2O2 were studied. The photodegradation of H2O2 occurred via a zero-order process, and •OH radicals were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance experiments in visible-light-irradiated aqueous TiO2 suspensions. A reaction mechanism for the decomposition of H2O2 on the TiO2 surfaces is proposed involving a photoinduced electron transfer of the surface complexes of ⋮TiIV−OOH.
A hybrid Modulation method for improved modular multilevel converter applied for power quality compensation in medium voltage (2013)

In this paper, an improved MMC structure is presented for power quality compensation in medium voltage, which has a special SubModule working in High Switching Frequency (SM-HSF) and N SubModules (SMs) in each arm. Then, a hybrid Modulation method in which Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for SM-HSF is combined with Nearest Level Modulation (NLM) for SMs is introduced for this improved MMC structure. It can output the same voltage waveform with less harmonics than modulated by NLM, lower switching frequency and losses level than CPS-PWM. In order to confirm the modulation method, a series of modules are established in PSCAD/EMTDC.
1<i>H</i>-1,2,4-Triazole:  An Effective Solvent for Proton-Conducting Electrolytes (2005)

We report 1H-1,2,4-triazole as an actived group to enhance proton conduction in liquid electrolytes and in polymer electrolyte membreanes (PEMs). 1H-1,2,4-triazole and PEMs containing 1H-1,2,4-triazole are stable in a wide potential range, implying excellent electrochemical stability under fuel cell operating conditions.
Creating high yield water soluble luminescent graphene quantum dots via exfoliating and disintegrating carbon nanotubes and graphite flakes (2012)

We have developed an effective method to exfoliate and disintegrate multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphite flakes. With this technique, high yield production of luminescent graphene quantum dots with high quantum yield and low oxidization can be achieved.
<i>Atg7</i> Overcomes Senescence and Promotes Growth of <i>Braf</i> V600E-Driven Melanoma (2015)

The essential autophagy gene Atg7 promotes development of BrafV600E-mutant, Pten-null melanomas by overcoming senescence, and deleting Atg7 facilitated senescence induction and antitumor activity of BRAF inhibition. This suggests that combinatorial BRAFV600E and autophagy inhibition may improve therapeutic outcomes in patients whose tumors have BRAFV600E/K mutations, an approach currently being explored in clinical trials.
Antibody HMB-45 Identifies the Cells of Blue Nevi (1990)

Sixteen cases of blue nevi were investigated using the anti-melanoma specific antibody HMB-45. This antibody has been found to react with junctional but not with intradermal nevus cells, and with fetal and neonatal, but not with adult, melanocytes. Our study shows that HMB-45 also reacts with cells of the blue nevus, a unique type of intradermal nevus. The origin of blue nevus cells is controversial, and the results of this study support the hypothesis that blue nevus cells are not of purely melanocytic or Schwannian origin, but are derived from a precursor cell that has some common features of both melanocyte and Schwann cell.
Disorders of Hemostasis and Thrombosis: A Clinical Guide (1993)

Two preeminent haematologists present a concise but comprehensive review of bleeding and thrombotic (clotting) disorders affecting infants, children, and adults in this affordable text. The format is designed to provide quick reference information on diagnosis - both clinical and laboratory - and management of common haematologic disorders. In addition, the basic physiologic and biochemical mechanisms of haemostasis are presented as a basis to further discussion of pathophysiology which follow later in the text.
WormScan: A Technique for High-Throughput Phenotypic Analysis of Caenorhabditis elegans (2012)

There are existing systems for the automated phenotypic data collection of C. elegans. The specific advantages of our method over existing systems are high-throughput assessment of a greater range of phenotypic endpoints including determination of mortality and quantification of the mobility of survivors. Our system is also inexpensive and very easy to implement. Even though we have focused on demonstrating the usefulness of WormScan in toxicology, it can be used in a wide range of additional C. elegans studies including lifespan determination, development, pathology and behavior. Moreover, we have even adapted the method to study other species of similar dimensions.
Indicadores de atención a la salud del niño (2000)

En los ultimos anos se han logrado importantes avances en la atencion a la salud de los ninos y las ninas en Mexico. Los resultados de las acciones de prevencion y control incluidas en el Programa de Atencion a la Salud del Nino se reflejan en la reduccion de enfermedades que hace algunos anos representaban las primeras causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en menores de cinco anos de edad, como son las enfermedades diarreicas (EDs), infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRAs) y sarampion. Actualmente se observan avances en la reduccion de la mortalidad por estas causas, asi como de la mortalidad infantil.
Gracias a las actividades especificas en la prevencion y control de enfermedades, entre 1994 y 1998 se han evitado 13,137 defunciones por enfermedades respiratorias y diarreicas, y dados los avances, proyectamos que esta cifra ascendera a 25,174 para el ano 2000. En lo que respecta a las inmunizaciones, las coberturas actuales con esquemas completos en ninos de un ano y preescolares son de 93 y 97.5%, respectivamente, las mas altas en America Latina. El numero de antigenos del esquema basico de vacunacion se ha duplicado de seis en 1994 a 12 en 1999, lo cual, junto con la cobertura de vacunacion, coloca a Mexico como lider mundial en vacunacion.
Selecting medical students with the aid of a computer (1966)

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Importance of inspiratory muscle tone in maintenance of FRC in the newborn (1981)

The importance of inspiratory muscle tone in the maintenance of functional residual capacity (FRC) in newborns was studied in eight premature infants with birth weights of 1,166 +/- 217 g and gestational age 29 +/- 1.9 wk (mean +/- SD). Rib cage and abdominal anteroposterior diameters were monitored with magnetometers, and electromyograms of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles were recorded with surface electrodes. Sleep state was monitored using electrooculogram and behavioral criteria. We assessed the decrease in tonic activity of the inspiratory muscles and the fall in end-expiratory lung volume during apnea compared with the period just preceding apnea. A total of 98 apneas were analyzed. In all instances a decrease in diaphragmatic and intercostal tone was associated with a decrease in the anteroposterior diameter of both rib cage and abdomen, indicating a fall in FRC. These changes were more marked during quiet sleep than during rapid-eye-movement sleep (P less than 0.01). Our results suggest that inspiratory muscle tone is a major determinant of FRC in the newborn.
A 35MS/s and 2V/2.5V Current-mode Sample-and-Hold Circuit with an Input Current Linearization Technique (2005)

This paper introduces a high-speed and high-accuracy current-mode sample-and-hold (S/H) circuit that adopts the new linearization technique to the resistor-based voltage-to-current converted input current. The pseudo differential configuration is used to form the whole S/H circuit in order to cancel the clock feedthrough from the S/H switch. The circuit is designed and fabricated by using the 0.35 mum CMOS process. The power supplies are 2 V for the analog part and 2.5 V for the logic part. The 1.34 MHz input signal with a -5 dB of full-scale current was applied to the S/H IC, and the measured distortion was -68 dB. The S/H IC operated with a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 57 dB up to 10 MHz input signal when the clock frequency was 20 MHz, and with a S/N of 50 dB at 17.5 MHz input signal when the clock frequency was 35 MHz
Structural motifs in oxidized graphene: A genetic algorithm study based on density functional theory (2010)

The structural and electronic properties of oxidized graphene are investigated on the basis of the genetic algorithm and density functional theory calculations. We find two new low-energy semiconducting phases of the fully oxidized graphene $({\text{C}}_{1}\text{O})$. In one phase, there is parallel epoxy pair chains running along the zigzag direction. In contrast, the ground-state phase with a slightly lower energy and a much larger band gap contains epoxy groups in three different ways: normal epoxy, unzipped epoxy, and epoxy pair. Interestingly, the ${\text{C}}_{1}\text{O}$ phase with the epoxy pair model has a lower conduction-band minimum than the Dirac point of graphene. For partially oxidized graphene, a phase separation between bare graphene and fully oxidized graphene is predicted.
Patch-based image vectorization with automatic curvilinear feature alignment (2009)

Raster image vectorization is increasingly important since vector-based graphical contents have been adopted in personal computers and on the Internet. In this paper, we introduce an effective vector-based representation and its associated vectorization algorithm for full-color raster images. There are two important characteristics of our representation. First, the image plane is decomposed into nonoverlapping parametric triangular patches with curved boundaries. Such a simplicial layout supports a flexible topology and facilitates adaptive patch distribution. Second, a subset of the curved patch boundaries are dedicated to faithfully representing curvilinear features. They are automatically aligned with the features. Because of this, patches are expected to have moderate internal variations that can be well approximated using smooth functions. We have developed effective techniques for patch boundary optimization and patch color fitting to accurately and compactly approximate raster images with both smooth variations and curvilinear features. A real-time GPU-accelerated parallel algorithm based on recursive patch subdivision has also been developed for rasterizing a vectorized image. Experiments and comparisons indicate our image vectorization algorithm achieves a more accurate and compact vector-based representation than existing ones do.
A Broadband Noise-Canceling CMOS LNA for 3.1–10.6-GHz UWB Receivers (2007)

An ultra-wideband 3.1-10.6-GHz low-noise amplifier employing a broadband noise-canceling technique is presented. By using the proposed circuit and design methodology, the noise from the matching device is greatly suppressed over the desired UWB band, while the noise from other devices performing noise cancellation is minimized by the systematic approach. Fabricated in a 0.18-mum CMOS process, the IC prototype achieves a power gain of 9.7 dB over a -3 dB bandwidth of 1.2-11.9-GHz and a noise figure of 4.5-5.1 dB in the entire UWB band. It consumes 20 mW from a 1.8-V supply and occupies an area of only 0.59 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>