gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and application of tumor specimens return device for neurosurgery (2018)

Objective
To design a kind of lowcost, high reliability of tumor specimens return device for neurosurgery.


Methods
Using the principle of the gauze block and negative pressure suction, we design a kind of tumor specimens return device for neurosurgery. At the bottom of the device, it includes a shell which is raised at the bottom of the center, and an export equipped at the bottom of its′ side walls, filter device equipped in internal interrupt. The top of the shell has a roof, it is an import in roof. Clinical use of the device to return tumor specimens obtain a good effect.


Results
The experimental result of tumor specimen return device shows that it's satisfactory, convenient to use.


Conclusion
The design is easy to use, simple structure, easy to store, convenient operation, low cost, and has a practical value.


Key words: 
Tumor specimens return; Surgery; Neurosurgery; Device development
Endothelin B Receptor Antagonists Attenuate Subarachnoid Hemorrhage–Induced Cerebral Vasospasm (1998)

These results demonstrate that ET(B) receptor antagonists prevent and reverse SAH-induced cerebral vasospasm in an animal model. The likely mechanism underlying the attenuation of the spasm is blockade of ET(B1) receptor-mediated ET-1-induced ET-1 release of newly synthesized ET-1. These studies provide rationale for the therapeutic use of ET(B1) receptor antagonists to relieve the vasospasm following SAH, as well as other pathophysiological conditions involving possible ET-1-induced ET-1 release.
Real-Time Fault Classification for Plasma Processes (2011)

Plasma process tools, which usually cost several millions of US dollars, are often used in the semiconductor fabrication etching process. If the plasma process is halted due to some process fault, the productivity will be reduced and the cost will increase. In order to maximize the product/wafer yield and tool productivity, a timely and effective fault process detection is required in a plasma reactor. The classification of fault events can help the users to quickly identify fault processes, and thus can save downtime of the plasma tool. In this work, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is employed as the metrology sensor for in-situ process monitoring. Splitting into twelve different match rates by spectrum bands, the matching rate indicator in our previous work (Yang, R.; Chen, R.S. Sensors 2010, 10, 5703-5723) is used to detect the fault process. Based on the match data, a real-time classification of plasma faults is achieved by a novel method, developed in this study. Experiments were conducted to validate the novel fault classification. From the experimental results, we may conclude that the proposed method is feasible inasmuch that the overall accuracy rate of the classification for fault event shifts is 27 out of 28 or about 96.4% in success.
International Trade and U.S. Productivity: Technical Paper 2003-05 (2003)

This paper examines the effect of international trade on U.S. productivity. We argue that trade can affect domestic productivity through economies-of-scale effects, competition effects, reallocation effects, and spillover effects. We then estimate the net impact of these effects. The results of both panel and time-series regressions of manufacturing data indicate that (1) a decrease in the import price has a positive competition effect on manufacturing productivity growth after one to two years, and this impact is bigger when import penetration is bigger; and (2) exporting
Surgical resection for pulmonary metastasis (2013)

50% . . 1927 Edward [3] .
Model-based Hand Pose Estimation for Generalized Hand Shape with Appearance Normalization (2018)

Since the emergence of large annotated datasets, state-of-the-art hand pose estimation methods have been mostly based on discriminative learning. Recently, a hybrid approach has embedded a kinematic layer into the deep learning structure in such a way that the pose estimates obey the physical constraints of human hand kinematics. However, the existing approach relies on a single person's hand shape parameters, which are fixed constants. Therefore, the existing hybrid method has problems to generalize to new, unseen hands. In this work, we extend the kinematic layer to make the hand shape parameters learnable. In this way, the learnt network can generalize towards arbitrary hand shapes. Furthermore, inspired by the idea of Spatial Transformer Networks, we apply a cascade of appearance normalization networks to decrease the variance in the input data. The input images are shifted, rotated, and globally scaled to a similar appearance. The effectiveness and limitations of our proposed approach are extensively evaluated on the Hands 2017 challenge dataset and the NYU dataset.
Short Notices (1978)

Short Notices Get access J. C. D. CLARK J. C. D. CLARK PeterhouseCambridge Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XCIII, Issue CCCLXVII, April 1978, Pages 447-b–448, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XCIII.CCCLXVII.447-b Published: 01 April 1978
Why The Eleventh Circuit Got It Wrong: Historical Cell Site Location Information Is Not Considered A Search Within The Meaning Of The Fourth Amendment (2015)

On August 7, 2010, three men brandishing guns entered a pizzeria in South Florida and demanded cash from an employee.
Regulated Association of Microtubule-associated Protein 2 (MAP2) with Src and Grb2: Evidence for MAP2 as a Scaffolding Protein (2000)

Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and tau, which is involved in Alzheimer's disease, are major cytoskeletal proteins in neurons. These proteins are involved in microtubule assembly and stability. To further characterize MAP2, we took a strategy of identifying potential MAP2 binding partners. The low molecular weight MAP2c protein has 11 PXXP motifs that are conserved across species, and these PXXP motifs could be potential ligands for Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. We tested for MAP2 interaction with SH3 domain-containing proteins. All neuronal MAP2 isoforms bound specifically to the SH3 domains of c-Src and Grb2 in an in vitro glutathione S-transferase-SH3 pull-down assay. Interactions between endogenous proteins were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation using brain lysate. All three proteins were also found co-expressed in neuronal cell bodies and dendrites. Surprisingly, the SH3 domain-binding site was mapped to the microtubule-binding domain that contains no PXXP motif. Src bound primarily the soluble, non-microtubule-associated MAP2c in vitro. This specific MAP2/SH3 domain interaction was inhibited by phosphorylation of MAP2c by the mitogen-activated protein kinase extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 but not by protein kinase A. This phosphorylation-regulated association of MAP2 with proteins of intracellular signal transduction pathways suggests a possible link between cellular signaling and neuronal cytoskeleton, with MAP2 perhaps acting as a molecular scaffold upon which cytoskeleton-modifying proteins assemble and dissociate in response to neuronal activity.
The Equation for Geopressure Prediction from Well Logs (1975)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Inc. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract This study has resulted in the development of four equations that may be used for the prediction of geopressure magnitudes from well prediction of geopressure magnitudes from well log and drilling parameter data. Equations are given for use with resistivity plots, conductivity plots, sonic travel-time plots, and corrected "d" exponent plots. All equations have the same theoretical basis. Introduction In 1965, Hottman and Johnson presented a method for predicting geopressure magnitudes by using resistivity and sonic log data. This technique has received wide acceptance even though the prediction charts were based only on data concerning Tertiary age sediments in the Gulf Coast area. It was specifically pointed out that these techniques were applicable only in areas where the generation of geopressures is primarily the result of compaction in response primarily the result of compaction in response to the stress of overburden. In 1972, this author presented a theory on the effect of overburden stress gradients n geopressure prediction techniques. Compaction caused by overburden stress was described classically in a soil mechanics book by Terzaghi and Peck in 1948. With a vessel containing a spring and a fluid, they simulated the compaction of clay that contained water. Overburden stress was simulated by a piston, as in Fig. 1. It was shown that the overburden stress, S, was supported by the stress in the spring, sigma, and the fluid pressure, p. Thus, the long-accepted equation of equilibrium was established. (1) S = + p If Fig. 1 and Eq. 1 are studied, it is obvious that if S is increased and the fluid is allowed to escape, sigma must increase while p remains as hydrostatic pressure. However, if the fluid cannot escape, p must also increase as S is increased. Hubbert and Rubey published a comprehensive treatment of this theory as related to sedimentary rock compaction. They showed that, as the overburden stress is increased as a result of burial, the porosity of a given rock is decreased. Therefore, some fluid that was once in the pores of a given formation was later squeezed out by compaction. In many such cases, there is no escape route for the fluid, and thus the fluid becomes overpressured according to Eq. 1. This happens in many areas, and such generated overpressured zones are often called "abnormal" pressure zones or "geopressure" zones.
Immunotherapeutic approaches to treat multiple myeloma (2013)

Cellular immunotherapy can be an effective adjuvant treatment for multiple myeloma (MM), as demonstrated by induction of durable remissions after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, anti-myeloma immunity is often hampered by suppressive mechanisms in the tumor micro-environment resulting in relapse or disease progression. To overcome this immunosuppression, new cellular immunotherapies have been developed, based on the important effector cells in anti-myeloma immunity, namely T cells and natural killer cells. These effectors can be modulated to improve their functionality, activated by dendritic cell vaccines, or combined with immune stimulating antibodies or immunomodulatory drugs to enhance their efficacy. In this review, we discuss promising pre-clinical and clinical data in the field of cellular immunotherapy in MM. In addition, we address the potential of combining these strategies with other therapies to maximize clinical effects without increasing toxicity. The reviewed therapies might pave the way to effective personalized treatments for MM patients.
Unipolar Memory Operation of Resistance Random-Access Memory Using Compliance Current Controller (2009)

In this paper, we investigate the effect of temperature on the unipolar switching characteristics of a resistance random-access memory (RRAM) that uses poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films. The set voltage required for a transition from an off-state to an on-state was found to decrease as the temperature of the RRAM increases. This phenomenon is explained by the formation of filaments caused by the Joule heating effect. We propose a new method of controlling the compliance current for unipolar switching, demonstrating that the PEDOT:PSS-based RRAM can perform reproducible "write-read-erase-read" cyclic unipolar memory operations for nonvolatile memory application. (C) 2009 The Japan Society of Applied Physics
Human <i>α</i> 1-Proteinase Inhibitor Binds to Extracellular Matrix <i>In Vitro</i> (1993)

alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) is the major endogenous inhibitor of human leukocyte elastase (HLE). We have employed two different methods to quantitate the binding of alpha 1-PI to extracellular matrix (ECM), composed of 51% glycoproteins and proteoglycans, 37% types I and III collagen, and 12% elastin, derived from rat heart smooth muscle cells. alpha 1-PI is tightly bound to ECM via a saturable adsorption process; the bound protein fails to dissociate from the matrix after repeated washing. Binding of alpha 1-PI is unaffected by the prior removal of ECM glycoproteins with trypsin. Binding to ECM is not decreased in the presence of high salt but is decreased at low pH. A 40-fold excess of unlabeled alpha 1-PI displaces only 50% of [125I]alpha 1-PI prebound to ECM. A 30% decrease in the levels of alpha 1-PI bound to ECM is observed after DTT washes of ECM preincubated with alpha 1-PI or when alpha 1-PI is modified with iodoacetamide prior to incubation with ECM, implying that a fraction of bound alpha 1-PI is covalently linked to ECM via disulfide bond formation. Moreover, high molecular weight complexes between [125I]alpha 1-PI and ECM components can be visualized by SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions but disappear upon reduction. Approximately 50% of the total alpha 1-PI bound covalently or noncovalently to ECM retains the ability to inhibit HLE-mediated ECM proteolysis. alpha 1-PI-HLE complexes bound to ECM can be visualized by SDS-PAGE following the addition of HLE to ECM that was pretreated with [125I]alpha 1-PI. alpha 1-PI from normal plasma or serum also binds to ECM with retention of immunoreactivity and partial retention of inhibitory activity. However, ECM pretreated with alpha 1-PI-deficient serum retains no HLE-inhibitory activity.
Hip fracture prevention in the frail older patient (2001)

Claire Murray and Jan Beynon discuss ways of minimising the risk of hip fractures in older people, including hip protectors and calcium and vitamin D supplements
A Review on Phytochemistry of Cuminum cyminum seeds and its Standards from Field to Market (2011)

The small boat shaped seeds of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) has been used for many medicinal and culinary purposes from the ancient time in the various countries. Cumin is a popular spice in the world from Latin America to Northern Africa and all over the Asia and also used as a flavoring agent in many products such as cheese, pickle, soup, bean dishes or liqueurs. Essential oils of the seeds are also used as a flavor or in aromatherapy. Many pharmacological effects have been reported from this spicy plant as, anti-diabetic, Immunologic, anti-epileptic, anti-tumor and antimicrobial activities. Cumin used in the medicinal preparations is supposed to be produced with high quality encompasses all the properties of the final product which makes it optimal suitable for use. Reproducible quality is a goal, which achieved by the process of standardization. The focus here is rather on harvesting and processing of the cultivated species, because the quality of plant material and processing technology lead to the high quality of the final product. The quality of Cumin seeds and its essential oil can only be assessed with analytical methods, which include physical, microscopic and chemical analyzing assays. In this paper, the phytochemistry, medicinal properties and the standards from the field cultivation, harvesting and storage until marketing are reviewed.
Demagnetizing field in micromagnetic simulation under periodic boundary condition (2010)

Demagnetizing field in micromagnetic simulation is studied under periodic boundary condition. The demagnetizing field matrix is superposed to obtain magnetostatic field induced by periodic magnetization. To evaluate the influence of periodic structure, macroscopic demagnetization factors are defined. A large demagnetizing field yields a linear magnetization where the susceptibility is given by the inverse of the macroscopic demagnetizing factor.
Scattering and absorption of turbid materials determined from reflection measurements 1: Theory (1983)

To allow the determination of scattering and absorption parameters of a turbid material from reflection measurements the relation of these parameters to the reflection has been described by two theoretical approaches. One approach is based on the diffusion theory which has been extended to include anisotropic scattering. This results in a reflection formula in which the scattering and absorption are described by one parameter each. As a second more general approach a Monte Carlo model is applied. Comparison of the results indicates the range of values of the scattering and absorption parameters where the computationally fast diffusion approach is applicable.
Impact of Pupil Transmission Apodization on Presbyopic Through-Focus Visual Performance With Spherical Aberration (2013)

Pupil transmission apodization had a significant impact on though-focus visual performance. Pupil transmission apodization affects through-focus retinal image quality by diminishing the relative contribution to the retinal image from the peripheral region of the wavefront aberration. Through-focus visual performance in presbyopic eyes with negative SA was improved due to pupil transmission apodization.
The preparation and structure of electrodeposited sponge cadmium electrodes (1968)

Abstract A method is described for preparing coherent sponge cadmium electrodes on cadmium‐plated substrates by electrodeposition from cadmium chloride solutions in the absence and presence of potassium chloride. The deposit morphology was shown to be a function of current density, pH, plating bath composition and temperature. Of the five main deposit types observed, only one, a sponge with very small crystallites, displayed high electrochemical activity when cycled in KOH solution and had sufficient coherence and adherence to its substrate to be considered suitable as a battery electrode. This material had a useful capacity approximately twice that of conventional electrodes, implying a net increase in battery capacity of at least 30% if conventional sintered plate positives were used. In addition, the elimination of the sintered nickel substrate and the possibility of continuous production methods promised a lower cost. In a separate series of experiments, ultramicrotome sections of the sponge deposits were examined by transmission electron microscopy. For specimens having a high electrochemical activity (more than 70% of the deposit being capable of reversible cycling in KOH solution) crystallite dimensions up to several microns in length and 0.5 to 1 micron in diameter appeared to predominate. This was consistent with measurements of the depth of oxidation observed on block cadmium electrodes and with the structure inferred from powder X‐ray diffraction examination.
A High-Speed Direct-Coupled Magnetic Memory Sense Amplifier Employing Tunnel-Diode Discriminators (1963)

Because of a multiplicity of conflicting requirements, sense amplifier design is probably the most difficult circuit problem in a large, high-speed digital computer memory. The requirements include absence of pattern sensitivity, controllable input impedance, a wide band pass, stable gain, high common mode rejection, the ability to handle bipolar signals, stable reference levels, a fast comparator, low threshold level, and, one hopes, low cost. This paper discusses a new circuit which fulfills these requirements with simplicity. Intended for large size (> 1000 words) random access core and thin-film memories, it is capable of handling, for example, a 50-mv ``1'' with approximately 50-nsec delay for transmission and comparison. Common mode signals of as high as 10 volts do not affect discriminator performance. Two key features of the circuit are the use of a dc-coupled, ``long-tail pair'' preamplifier and a pair of tunnel diodes as the discrimination elements. The dc-coupled differential preamplifier provides high common mode rejection, stable gain, is pattern insensitive, and has the ability to handle bipolar signals. The tunnel diode provides a superior discriminator, since it is fast, and has a low-level threshold which is controllable and stable with temperature variations. Thus, requirements on the magnitude and stability of the preamplifier gain are less severe. Design equations are derived and a complete dc worst-case analysis is performed. Variations in the circuit for several specific applications and experimentally determined performance data are described. The generalized problem of a tunnel-diode discriminator used with a preamplifier is treated in Appendix II.
Parametric and nonparametric identification of linear systems in the presence of nonlinear distortions-a frequency domain approach (1998)

This paper studies the asymptotic behavior of nonparametric and parametric frequency domain identification methods to model linear dynamic systems in the presence of nonlinear distortions under some general conditions for random multisine excitations. In the first part, a related linear dynamic system (RLDS) approximation to the nonlinear system (NLS) is defined, and it is shown that the differences between the NLS and the RLDS can be modeled as stochastic variables with known properties. In the second part a parametric model for the RLDS is identified. Convergence in probability of this model to the RLDS is proven. A function of dependency is defined to detect and separate the presence of unmodeled dynamics and nonlinear distortions and to bound the bias error on the transfer function estimate.
Aerodynamic and directional acoustic performance of a scoop inlet (1977)

Aerodynamic and directional acoustic performances of a scoop inlet were studied. The scoop inlet is designed with a portion of the lower cowling extended forward to direct upward any noise that is propagating out the front of the engine toward the ground. The tests were conducted in an anechoic wind tunnel facility at free stream velocities of 0, 18, 41, and 61 m/sec and angles of attack from -10 deg to 120 deg. Inlet throat Mach number was varied from 0.30 to 0.75. Aerodynamically, at a free stream velocity of 41 m/sec, the design throat Mach number (0.63), and an angle of attack of 50 deg, the scoop inlet total pressure recovery was 0.989 and the total pressure distortion was 0.15. The angles of attack where flow separation occurred with the scoop inlet were higher than those for a conventional symmetric inlet. Acoustically, the scoop inlet provided a maximum noise reduction of 12 to 15 db below the inlet over the entire range of throat Mach number and angle of attack at a free-stream velocity of 41 m/sec.
Incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry for health monitoring of avionics fiber optics networks (2008)

We present a highly sensitive, linear and high spatial resolution approach for the detection of flaws and spurious reflections in avionic optical fiber links based on the technique of incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (IOFDR). This approach allows built in test functionality. In particular, we demonstrate the technique of incoherent frequency modulated continuous wave optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-FMCW-OFDR) to detect fiber faults in a 100 m avionic multimode fiber optic link operating at 850 nm. This system can ultimately be engineered to provide diagnosis to the assembly level during line maintenance and provide information useful for preventive maintenance. We demonstrate fault location with accuracy better than 2 mm. We also demonstrate an ultra-high dynamical range approach sufficient for detecting Rayleigh scattering in the multimode fiber. The proposed approach requires very little modification of existing transceivers in present avionic systems, utilizes commercially available digital synthesizer chips, and delivers record performance in terms of sensitivity, dynamic range and spatial resolution for locating the sources of reflection in long fiber optics links. The laser that was used in these measurements is a low cost multimode VCSEL.