gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using qualitative knowledge for quantitative simulation of the human spatial orientation system (2002)

Theory formation is an important scientific goal. This process often involves the development of complex mathematical models which are first qualitatively tested before being fine tuned quantitatively. The authors explore the quantitative fine tuning aspect of theory formation. The scientific domain chosen for this work is the human orientation system. The particular experiment for the modeling is space-borne. The scarceness of data leads to fine tune the model parameters for each astronaut. The authors are currently developing a computer tool for automatic, reliable and rapid convergence toward the best parameter fit for each individual subject using qualitative knowledge of the general model formulated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Encoding and decoding algorithms for LP-decodable multipermutation codes (2015)

LP-decodable multipermutation codes are a class of multipermutation codes that can be decoded using linear programming (LP). These codes are defined using linearly constrained multipermutation matrices, which are binary matrices that satisfy particular row sum and column sum constraints. Although generic LP solvers are capable of solving the LP decoding problem, they are not efficient in general because they do not leverage structures of the problem. This motivates us to study efficient decoding algorithms. In this paper, we focus on encoding and decoding algorithms for LP-decodable multipermutation codes. We first describe an algorithm that “ranks” multipermutations. In other words, it maps consecutive integers, one by one, to an ordered list of multipermutations. By leveraging this algorithm, we develop an encoding algorithm for a code proposed by Shieh and Tsai. Regarding decoding algorithms we propose an iterative decoding algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), each iteration of which can be solved efficiently using off-the-shelf techniques. Finally, we study decoding performances of different decoders via simulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrimidinones. Part 3. N‐Substituted 6‐Phenylpyrimidinones and Pyrimidinediones with Diuretic/Hypotensive and Antiinflammatory Activity. (1987)

Abstract 2‐Amino‐6‐phenyl‐4‐pyrimidone (I) reacts with the alkylation agents (II) and halogens to produce the substitution products (III).
Surface Control with Reactive Mesogen for Fast Switching Four-Domain Twisted Nematic mode (2011)

We proposed a method to improve response time of the four-domain twisted nematic (TN) mode through surface modification using the mixture of diluted vertical alignment (VA) layer and UV curable reactive mesogen (RM). In our structure, the RMs enhance the surface anchoring energy and freeze the twist senses in each sub-pixels. As a result, we can obtain fast switching four-domain TN structure.
NIGT1 family proteins exhibit dual mode DNA recognition to regulate nutrient response-associated genes in Arabidopsis (2020)

Fine-tuning of nutrient uptake and response is indispensable for maintenance of nutrient homeostasis in plants, but the details of underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. NITRATE-INDUCIBLE GARP-TYPE TRANSCRIPTIONAL REPRESSOR 1 (NIGT1) family proteins are plant-specific transcriptional repressors that function as an important hub in the nutrient signaling network associated with the acquisition and use of nitrogen and phosphorus. Here, by yeast two-hybrid assays, bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, and biochemical analysis with recombinant proteins, we show that Arabidopsis NIGT1 family proteins form a dimer via the interaction mediated by a coiled-coil domain (CCD) in their N-terminal regions. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays defined that the NIGT1 dimer binds to two different motifs, 5'-GAATATTC-3' and 5'-GATTC-N38-GAATC-3', in target gene promoters. Unlike the dimer of wild-type NIGT1 family proteins, a mutant variant that could not dimerize due to amino acid substitutions within the CCD had lower specificity and affinity to DNA, thereby losing the ability to precisely regulate the expression of target genes. Thus, expressing the wild-type and mutant NIGT1 proteins in the nigt1 quadruple mutant differently modified NIGT1-regulated gene expression and responses towards nitrate and phosphate. These results suggest that the CCD-mediated dimerization confers dual mode DNA recognition to NIGT1 family proteins, which is necessary to make proper controls of their target genes and nutrient responses. Intriguingly, two 5'-GATTC-3' sequences are present in face-to-face orientation within the 5'-GATTC-N38-GAATC-3' sequence or its complementary one, while two 5'-ATTC-3' sequences are present in back-to-back orientation within the 5'-GAATATTC-3' or its complementary one. This finding suggests a unique mode of DNA binding by NIGT1 family proteins and may provide a hint as to why target sequences for some transcription factors cannot be clearly determined.
Dielectric Breakdown Strength of SiO2 Using a Stepped‐Field Method (1992)

The ramped‐field technique has been widely used for determining dielectric breakdown in thin insulating films. But this method does not control stress time, and it is difficult to define an irreversibly broken down capacitor based solely on observations of current during stressing. A more advanced stepped‐field method is described, which provides well‐defined stress times and guarantees catastrophic breakdown in all cases. MOS capacitors, formed by depositing Al dots on thermally grown , were used to determine oxide breakdown. The breakdown field was found to decrease logarithmically with the stressing time. A model is presented which relates the probability of breakdown to the stressing field strength and stressing time. Dielectric breakdown strength was also investigated as a function of annealing time and temperature. Annealing at 500°C and above for 1 h in caused the breakdown strength of the oxide to be sharply reduced due to a metallurgical reaction between Al and .
ChemInform Abstract: A Tetrahydroisoquinoline‐monoterpene Glucoside and an Iridoid Glucoside from Alangium kurzii. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multiscale sample entropy in heart rate variability of aortic stenosis patients (2008)

In the present document the multiscale entropy (MSE) methodology has been applied to analyze the complex behavior of the heart rate variability (HRV), in patients with aortic stenosis (AS). A set of healthy voluntaries have been used as a control group. MSE analysis calculates an entropy rate over different time scales to assess the complexity of time series, evaluating short-term and long-term correlations. Daytime and nighttime have been considered to study variations of the complexity inside the same group of population. A statistical analysis showed that entropy was significantly higher in healthy subjects than in AS subjects in all the scales during daytime, with exception at scale 1. During nighttime, entropy in healthy subjects was significantly higher than in AS subjects only in scales from 1 to 7. Multiscale entropy is helpful to characterize AS patients and distinguish them from healthy subjects.
A nanomechanical resonator as a probe of the charge of a quantum dot (2012)

We have used the mechanical motion of a carbon nanotube (CNT) as a probe of the average charge on a quantum dot. Variations of the resonance frequency and the quality factor are determined by the change in average charge on the quantum dot during a mechanical oscillation. The average charge, in turn, is influenced by the gate voltage, the bias voltage, and the tunnel rates of the barriers to the leads. At bias voltages that exceed the broadening due to tunnel coupling, the resonance frequency and quality factor show a double dip as a function of gate voltage. We find that increasing the current flowing through the CNT at the Coulomb peak does not increase the damping, but in fact decreases damping. Using a model with energy-dependent tunnel rates, we obtain quantitative agreement between the experimental observations and the model. We theoretically compare different contributions to the single-electron induced nonlinearity, and show that only one term is significant for both the Duffing parameter and the mode coupling parameter. We also present additional measurements which support the model we develop: Tuning the tunnel barriers of the quantum dot to the leads gives a 200-fold decrease of the quality factor. Single-electron tunneling through an excited state of the CNT quantum dot also changes the average charge on the quantum dot, bringing about a decrease in the resonance frequency. In the Fabry-Perot regime, the absence of charge quantization results in a spring behaviour without resonance frequency dips, which could be used, for example, to probe the transition from quantized to continuous charge with a nanomechanical resonator.
Rel/NF‐κB transcription factors: key mediators of B‐cell activation (2000)

The Rel/nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB family of transcription factors have been implicated in the regulation of a wide variety of genes, in particular those encoding proteins crucial to the function of the immune system. Through the use of mutant mice that lack one or more of these proteins, we have begun to examine the individual and combined roles of Rel, RelA and NF-kappaB1 in B-cell development and function. Here we outline and discuss how these transcription factors operate as differentiation stage-specific regulators of B-cell development, survival, division and immunoglobulin expression, emphasizing those Rel/NF-kappaB-regulated genes that mediate these functions.
CYANOBACTERIAL CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS (1997)

Evidence from a number of laboratories over the past 12 years has established that cyanobacteria, a group of photosynthetic eubacteria, possess a circadian pacemaker that controls metabolic and genetic functions. The cyanobacterial circadian clock exhibits the three intrinsic properties that have come to define the clocks of eukaryotes: The timekeeping mechanism controls rhythms that show a period of about 24 h in the absence of external signals, the phase of the rhythms can be reset by light/dark cues, and the period is relatively insensitive to temperature. The promise of cyanobacteria as simple models for elucidating the biological clock mechanism is being fulfilled, as mutants affected in period, rhythm generation, and rhythm amplitude, isolated through the use of real time reporters of gene expression, have implicated genes involved in these aspects of the clock.
THE RAND SHAPE OF THE Oil STRETCHING VIBRATION IN ALI-PHATIC ALCOHOLS (1963)

Author Institution: Gulf Research \& Development company
Pediatric Laparoscopy: Quo Vadis? A View from the Outside (1994)

The impact of laparoscopy on all types of surgery has been revolutionary. The general surgeon, gynecologist, colorectal surgeon and urologist have all been affected by developments in this area. Until now, these advances have almost been uniformly limited to adults. However, the miniaturization of instrumentation, improvement of endoscopic visualization and camera technology, and recent pioneering efforts of a few individuals have made these same adult procedures possible in adolescents, children and infants. However, for each innovative procedure, the question must be answered whether this truly represents an advance or merely a technological marvel. In this regard, careful studies need to be conducted comparing the surgical and laparoscopic outcomes for each procedure in patients of similar age from the standpoint of efficacy, cost and patient morbidity. These objective data will provide the answer to the question: "It's new, but is it better?"
Primer on magnetic resonance imaging of the liver (2014)

Watch a video presentation of this article Watch the interview with the author Answer questions and earn CME
Localized and internuclear carbonyl scrambling in azulenepentacarbonyldiiron(Fe-Fe) and its ruthenium analog (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLocalized and internuclear carbonyl scrambling in azulenepentacarbonyldiiron(Fe-Fe) and its ruthenium analogF. Albert. Cotton, Brian E. Hanson, John R. Kolb, and Pascual. LahuertaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 1, 89–92Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50167a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50167a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of p53 and K-ras mutations in sputum of individuals exposed to smoky coal emissions in Xuan Wei County, China (2004)

Lung cancer mortality rates in the Xuan Wei County population are among the highest in China and are associated with exposure to indoor emissions from the burning of smoky coal. Previous studies of lung tumors from both non-smoking women and smoking men in this region showed high frequencies of mutations, consisting mostly of G-->T transversions in the p53 tumor suppressor gene and K-ras oncogene, suggesting that these mutations were caused primarily by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study sputum samples from 92 individuals with no evidence of lung cancer from Xuan Wei County were screened for p53 and K-ras mutations. Sputum cells were collected on glass slides by sputum cytocentrifugation, stained and cytopathologically analyzed. Cytologically non-malignant epithelial cells were taken from each sputum sample using a laser capture microdissection microscope and molecularly analyzed. Cells taken from the sputum of 15 (16.3%) individuals were mutation positive, including 13 (14.1%) individuals each with a p53 mutation, 1 (1.1%) individual with a K-ras mutation and 1 (1.1%) individual with a p53 and a K-ras mutation. p53 mutations were found in both the sputum of individuals with evidence of chronic bronchitis (3 of 46 or 6.5%) and those without evidence of this disease (11 of 46 or 23.9%). Therefore, mutations in the p53 gene and, to a lesser extent, the K-ras gene were frequent in non-malignant epithelial cells taken from the sputum of individuals without evidence of lung cancer who were exposed to smoky coal emissions in Xuan Wei County and were at a high risk for developing the disease.
Differential Subcellular Localization of Members of the <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> Small Heat Shock Protein Family (2005)

The results of this study describe the identification and characterization of the Toxoplasma gondii alpha-crystallin/small heat shock protein (sHsp) family. By database (www.toxodb.org) search, five parasite sHsps (Hsp20, Hsp21, Hsp28, Hsp29, and the previously characterized Hsp30/Bag1) were identified. As expected, they share the homologous alpha-crystallin domain, which is the key characteristic of sHsps. However, the N-terminal segment of each protein contains unique characteristics in size and sequence. Most T. gondii sHsps are constitutively expressed in tachyzoites and fully differentiated bradyzoites, with the exception of Hsp30/Bag1. Interestingly, by subcellular localization we observed that T. gondii sHsps are located in different compartments. Hsp20 is located at the apical end of the cell, Hsp28 is located inside the mitochondrion, Hsp29 showed a membrane-associated labeling, and Hsp21 appeared throughout the cytosol of the parasites. These particular differences in the immunostaining patterns suggest that their targets and functions might be different.
UV/VUV high sensitivity absorption spectroscopy for diagnosing lighting and processing plasmas and for basic data (1996)

High sensitivity absorption spectroscopy involves the use of modern diode and CCD (charge coupled device) detector arrays to observe fractional absorptions of ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation as small as 0.00001. Stable arc lamps provide a continuum in some experiments, but experiments at very high spectral resolution or at VUV wavelengths require the greater spectral radiance of a synchrotron. Absolute densities of excited atoms, atomic ions, and molecular radicals are measured in both processing and lighting plasmas. Basic spectroscopic data needed for the analysis of astrophysical observations from the Hubble Space Telescope are measured using absorption of Fe+ in a hollow cathode discharge.
Refining of Hot Metal Containing Nb with Multi-staged Continuous Selective Oxydation Process (1987)

The extraction of Nb from the pig iron containing Nb, which is produced in Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China has been jointly investigated by National Research Institute for Metals, Japan and Beijing University of Iron and Steel Technology, China. By the use of 2 stage tank type continuous selective oxidation furnaces in series, where the most of Si and a part of Mn were removed in the 1st stage and Nb was selectively oxidized in the 2nd stage, the optimum refining conditions to obtain high Nb content slag in the 2nd stage were found out. Through the operations of 11 times the slag holding Nb2O5 of as high as 7 to 10% was constantly produced at the recovery rate over 70%. This is due to the adoption of continuous refining process.
Effect of environmental and material factors on SSC property of super 13Cr steel for OCTG. (2002)

The susceptibility of pitting and cracking of super 13Cr steels in light sour environment was systematicaly investigated by a notched bent beam test using autoclave. In mild condition such as chloride free solution at 25°C, the steels presents the passive state with no pitting and no cracking. With increase in chloride concentration, corrosion morphology changes from passive state into either pitting or general corrosion allowing hydrogen entry into steel so that SSC can occur. In higher temperature condition, passive film also becomes unstable to cause either pitting or general corrosion, however, cracking susceptibility decreases. These events suggest that a principal mechanism of SSC of super 13Cr steel is hydrogen embrittlement in condition that some breakdown of passive film undergoes.The major environmental factors affecting the pitting and cracking susceptibility are H2S partial pressure, temperature and chloride concentratoin, while pH effect is relatively small. The pitting and cracking resistance depends on alloy composition especially Mo content, but hardly influenced by strength of material.
Plantwide Design of Ideal Reactive Distillation Processes with Thermal Coupling (2010)

Process intensification is aimed to integrate different processes in design to reduce energy consumption and capital investment, as well as to achieve environmental and safety benefits. Reactive distillation and thermally coupled distillation are examples of such process intensification. In this study, the performance of thermally coupled reactive distillation, a technology combining reactive distillation and thermally coupled distillation, is investigated for ideal quaternary reaction systems with different rankings of relative volatility. Possible configurations of thermally coupled reactive distillation are designed for systems of types IR, IIR, and IIIR with the excess design and type IIP with the stoichiometric design. Reactive distillation with thermal coupling is demonstrated to provide better energy efficiency than conventional reactive distillation. The remixing phenomenon associated with thermodynamic inefficiency in conventional distillation sequences can be reduced or eliminated by implementing thermal coupling between columns.
Design and fabrication of a dual-polarized corporate-feed waveguide 32×32-slot array antenna with an orthomode transducer for 40 GHz band (2016)

A dual-polarized corporate-feed waveguide 32×32-slot array antenna with an orthomode transducer is designed for 40 GHz band (41∼42 GHz) in order to integrate their two input ports. The simulation by HFSS gives the bandwidth for VSWR lower than 1.5 of 6.5 % (S11) and 3.8 % (S22), respectively, at the design frequency of 41.5 GHz. S12 is achieved less than −20 dB over the bandwidth. The simulated realized gain for both polarizations is 38.1 dBi at 41.5 GHz with the antenna efficiency of 78 %.
H∞ control of systems with compensators which read the command signal (1996)

Abstract This paper investigates H ∞ control design where the compensator is assumed to have immediate access to the command signal (usually denoted by W 1) but not to the disturbance signal (denoted by W 2). While the Doyle-Glover paradigm feeds only a plant output Y into the compensator, in many industrial applications the command signal at time t can be transmitted to the compensator at time t if there is any advantage to doing so. In this article we analyse both linear and nonlinear systems and find that the advantage of this control architecture is great. The results in this paper generalize those of Ball el al. (1993), Doyle et al. (1988) and Helton el al. (1992). A necessary condition is given for the general nonlinear systems. These suggest formulas for controllers. For special cases such as when there is no disturbance signal W 2or the system is linear, we have very satisfactory conclusions. In particular, for linear systems with uncertainty, we derive conditions for the solution of the robust H∞ control problem to exist.
Three-Dimensional Simulations of Automotive Catalytic Converter Internal Flow (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The three-dimensional non-reacting flow field inside a typical dual-monolith automotive catalytic converter was simulated using finite difference analysis. The monolithic brick resistance was formulated from the pressure gradient of fully developed laminar duct-flow and corrected for the entrance effect. This correlation was found to agree with experimental pressure drop data, and was introduced as an additional source term into the non-dimensional momentum governing equation within the brick. Flow distribution within the monolith was found to depend strongly on the diffuser performance, which is a complex function of flow Reynolds number, brick resistance, and inlet pipe length and bending angles. A distribution index was formulated to quantify the degree of non-uniformity at selected test cases covering ranges of flow conditions, brick types, and inlet conditions. In general, flow distribution inside the brick is found to be more uniform with smaller Reynolds number, and larger brick resistance, with a straight inlet pipe than a bent one, and with a shorter pipe rather than a longer one.</div>