gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth in Vitro of Tissues Isolated from Normal Stems and Insect Galls (1960)

Pelet, F., A. C. Hildebrandt, A. J. Riker, and F. Skoog. (U. Wisconsin, Madison.) Growth in vitro of tissues isolated from normal stems and insect galls. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(3) : 186—195. Illus. 1960.–In a preliminary analysis of the nature of gall formation induced by insects, a comparative study has been made of the in vitro growth and nutrition of plant tissues derived from insect galls and from normal plants. Grape, elm, poplar, and willow tissues were grown on a standard medium, modified White's nutrient medium, with coconut milk and/or various growth factors added. Satisfactory growth was obtained over a temperature range from 16° to 36°C. but was generally optimal at 28°—32°C. The optimum pH was generally 4.0—4.5, but a pH of 6.0 or 7.0 gave better growth when the medium contained 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Detailed nutritional studies were limited to grape tissue. Excised stems and excised galls induced by Phylloxera vastatrix Planch, were grown on the basal medium with vitamins and supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid, indoleacetic acid, kinetin, casein hydrolysate, yeast extract, adenine and a few amino acids added in various combinations. Growth (fresh weight) was measured after a 6-week growth period. When these substances were added singly the optimal concentrations and the quality of growth of stem explants were as follows: with adenine (40 mg./l.) or kinetin (1 mg./l.), growth poor; with NAA (1 mg./l.) or IAA (2 mg./l.), growth fair; and with the only concentration of a powdered casein hydrolysate (3 g./l.), growth good. Gall explants responded more readily to kinetin or adenine but did not form callus in the presence of casein hydrolysate alone. Stem tissues formed both roots and callus, whereas gall tissues formed only callus. The same substances were tested in various combinations. NAA and kinetin provided for moderate, continuous growth, and excellent growth if casein hydrolysate and adenine also were added to the medium. The NAA requirements were markedly reduced in the grape tissues which had been subcultured for 1 or 4 years on coconut milk medium. Friable tissue types were inhibited by the adenine and casein hydrolysate combinations. They grew through 1 passage only on basal medium and then died if not supplied with NAA and kinetin. Firm tissues responded favorably, although irregularly, to casein hydrolysate and adenine. It was concluded that although nutrient requirements varied with tissues derived from insect galls and from normal plants, they also varied with the time of cultivation in vitro. The induction of galls by Phylloxera was not a permanent change in growth factor requirements comparable to that conferred by the crown gall bacteria. In attempts to grow the insect in sterile culture in vitro 5 successive generations of phylloxera were reared on callus tissue.
Adaptive control of robot manipulators via velocity estimated feedback (2002)

An approach for designing robust controllers via state-space feedback is presented. The robot model parameters are assumed to be unknown and velocity measurements are assumed to be unavailable. State observation and parameter adaptation are performed simultaneously. The adaptation law, the observer gains and the control law are designed on the reduced-order manifold which results from the invariance of the switching surface. With respect to the authors' previous work, the asymptotic stability of the closed-loop system resulting from the approach presented is not conditioned by a particular type of inertia matrix variations. On the other hand, the introduction of an adaptation loop may also be motivated by a reduction of chattering at control law level since the control law only depends on the estimated state and parameter vectors, and hence contains no terms proportional to discontinuities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plasma optical emission analysis for chamber condition monitor (2009)

Optical emission represents the bulk property of plasma, which in turn can be correlated to the chamber surface condition and can be exploited for monitoring and characterizing chamber condition. This presentation demonstrates the approach of utilizing plasma optical emission spectra (OES) for the application on Applied Materials' Tetra<sup>TM</sup> etcher chamber condition monitor. Time-resolved plasma optical emission spectra are collected with a spectrometry unit built in to the TetraTM photomask etch module. Studies on OES analysis show that information related to chamber surface condition can be correlated to the changes in emission spectrum of plasma. The effectiveness of this methodology can be verified by Cr etch rates. Results can lead to procedure development for chamber monitoring, chamber recovery and chamber seasoning applications.
In vivo silencing of microRNA-155 (miR-155) ameliorated pulmonary hemorrhage induced by pristane (BA12P.100) (BA12P.100) (2014)

Abstract Background: MiR-155 is a typical pleiotropic miRNA that participates in various aspects of immunity. In this study, we systemically examined the role of miR-155 in the development of pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in Pristane-induced lupus. Methods: Mice received a single i.p injection of 0.5 ml Pristane. 2 weeks later, lung tissues were collected for pathologic assessment. Total lung RNAs were assayed by qPCR or subjected to gene profiling. Gene profiling data was analyzed by IPA software. Serum cytokines were messured by Bio-plex Assays. Results: We showed that miR-155 was elevated in lung tissues after Pristane treatment. MiR-155 KO mice appeared to develop attenuated PH, with reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6). By integrating the gene expression profiling data from miR-155 KO mice with microRNA target predication, our data suggest that PPARα, an anti-inflammatory transcription factor, is a novel functional target of miR-155. Furthermore, we showed that in vivo silencing of miR-155 by miR-155 antagomir significantly ameliorated PH induced by Pristane. Consistently, the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-6) were reduced upon miR-155 silencing. Conclusion: Overall, our study shows that knockdown of miR-155 by miR-155 antagomir inhibits Pristane induced PH through reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This finding suggests a promising therapeutic potential of miR-155 antagonist in the treatment of acute lung inflammation in lupus.
Transcription-Dependent and Transcription-Independent Nuclear Transport of hnRNP Proteins (1991)

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs and specific nuclear proteins form heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (hnRNPs), one of the most abundant components of the nucleus. In mitosis, as the nuclear envelope breaks down, hnRNPs disperse throughout the cell. At the end of mitosis, hnRNPs dissociate and their proteins are transported into the daughter cell nuclei separately. Some are transported immediately (early group), while others are transported later (late group). Transport of the late group appears to require transcription by RNA polymerase II, in that inhibitors of this polymerase cause the late proteins to remain in the cytoplasm. Thus, there are two modes, transcription-dependent and transcription-independent, for the transport of nuclear proteins.
Single-crystalline alpha silicon–nitride nanowires: Large-scale synthesis, characterization, and optic properties (2005)

Single-crystalline alpha silicon–nitride nanowires have been achieved with large scale by the reaction of Mg3N2 and SiCl4 at 600 °C. Electron microscopy analyses have revealed that the nanowires have only ∼35nm in diameter, up to 5 μm in length, and a preferred [001] growth direction. The nanowires exhibit the quantum size effect in optical properties, showing the redshift of an infrared band and the blueshift of the photoluminescence band. The growth mechanism of the nanowires have been properly discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of Bicyclic Phosphoranes ‐ Products Resulting from the Reaction of Hexafluoroacetone with Mercury Salts. (1987)

Abstract Hg(SCN) 2 reacts with hexafluoroacetone (I) to give the cycloaddition product (II), which is converted to the disulfanes (IV), (V) and (VII).
Heuristic approach to selecting a color appearance model for hue‐preserved wide‐color gamut mapping (2015)

Abstract With the advent of wide‐gamut system colorimetry for ultra‐high definition television, the development of a gamut mapping algorithm for wide to standard gamuts is greatly needed. Most gamut mapping techniques have been developed to retain the perceived hues of the source as predicted by a color appearance model. However, some color appearance models erroneously predict the saturated colors, generating a serious hue discontinuity in wide‐color gamut mapping onto the Rec. 709 gamut boundary. This paper presents a heuristic approach to determining whether a color appearance model may create such artifacts when used in hue‐preserved gamut mapping algorithms.
Effects of Flow on the Permeability of the Rabbit Aortic Wall near Branches (2001)

Conference Abstract| August 01 2001 Effects of Flow on the Permeability of the Rabbit Aortic Wall near Branches T. J. Staughton; T. J. Staughton 1School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AJ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. J. Lever; M. J. Lever *Department of Biological and Medical Systems, Imperial College, London, SW7 2BX Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PD Weinberg PD Weinberg 1School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, RG6 6AJ Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (2001) 101 (s45): 22P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs101022P Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation T. J. Staughton, M. J. Lever, PD Weinberg; Effects of Flow on the Permeability of the Rabbit Aortic Wall near Branches. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 August 2001; 101 (s45): 22P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs101022P Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2001 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society2001 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Taste Bud and Its Innervation in the Rat as Studied by Immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5. (1996)

The taste bud in the rat vallate papillae was observed by immunohistochemistry for PGP 9.5 at the light and electron microscope levels; routine transmission electron microscopy was also performed. Immunoreactivity for PGP 9.5, a marker protein of paraneurons, was localized in the cytoplasm of the Type III or gustatory cells. More intensive immunoreactivity occurred in the nerve fibers, though a part of the nerve fibers remained unstained. The nerve fibers as detected by the immunostaining and by routine electron microscopy formed a coarse subepithelial plexus which issued branches upwards through the basal lamina. In the basal portion of the taste bud, these fibers formed a hitherto unknown intragemmal plexus of dense and delicate meshwork. This plexus, in turn, extended beaded fibers between the taste bud cells, forming synaptic contacts with Type III cells. Some of the immunoreactive nerve fibers were confirmed to reach the taste pore by light microscopy; electron-microscopic examination could not demonstrate their directly being exposed to the space of the taste pore. This study also deals with the fine structure of the rat taste bud with special reference to the Type III cells and their synapses with nerve fibers, as the rat has recently been rather seldom used in this field of study.
Power stabilised exceptionally high stability cryogenic sapphire resonator oscillator (2002)

Power stabilized microwave oscillators of exceptional short term stability have been realized from cryogenic sapphire resonators with loaded Q-factors of 10/sup 9/ at X-band and 6 K. These oscillators have exhibited a fractional frequency stability of 3-4/spl times/10/sup -15/ for integration times from 0.3 to 100 seconds degrading to 10/sup -14/ at 1000 seconds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inferring motor plan complexity using a modified principal component analysis (2003)

While compliant behavior of the human arm is clearly an important contributor to stable interactions with the environment, the extent to which these properties of the arm are represented or ignored by the central nervous system in formulating motor plans remains unclear. Since model-based analyses (such as the various equilibrium-point models require a priori (and difficult to verify) assumptions about the internal structure of the neuromuscular system in order to test their predictions, we propose a model-independent approach to measuring the complexity of motor plans.
Elevated 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels in DNA of diethylstilbestrol-treated Syrian hamsters: covalent DNA damage by free radicals generated by redox cycling of diethylstilbestrol. (1991)

The generation of free radicals by microsome-mediated redox cycling between catechol estrogens or diethylstilbestrol and their corresponding quinones has previously been demonstrated in vitro. However, the reaction of free radicals with DNA has not yet been detected in animals treated with estrogen and is the subject of this investigation. The reaction of guanine bases of DNA with hydroxyl radicals to form 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine has been used as a monitor of free radical generation in kidney and liver of Syrian hamsters, a species prone to estrogen-induced carcinogenesis. Prior to in vivo measurements, the in vitro hydroxylation of guanine bases of DNA under conditions of redox cycling of estrogen was investigated. In incubations of DNA or deoxyguanosine with hamster kidney microsomes, NADPH, and diethylstilbestrol 4',4"-quinone, the hydroxylation of guanine bases of free deoxyguanosine or of DNA was 50 to 100% higher than in controls. When incubations were carried out in the presence of iron(III) chloride, the hydroxylation of guanine bases was 2.5- or 10-fold higher than control values. There was a 65% increase from control values in levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in liver DNA of hamsters treated with 20 mg/kg/day diethylstilbestrol for 3 days and 100 mg/kg on the 4th day. In hamsters treated chronically with diethylstilbestrol implants for 15 days, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine levels more than doubled from control values in kidney but not liver DNA. Treatment of hamsters with estradiol for various time periods did not induce any changes in levels of hydroxylated guanine in either kidney or liver. It was concluded that in vitro and in vivo redox cycling of diethylstilbestrol hydroxylated guanine bases in DNA.
Production of Antigen‐Specific Human Antibodies from Mice Engineered with Human Heavy and Light Chain YACs<sup>a</sup> (1995)

Our paper describes the introduction of large fragments of both the human heavy and light chain Ig genes into the mouse germline to create a mouse strain capable of producing a broad repertoire of antigen-specific, fully human antibodies. The human immunoglobulin gene sequences were functional in the context of the mouse machinery for antibody recombination and expression, either in the presence or absence of functional endogenous genes. This was demonstrated by their ability to undergo diverse rearrangement, to be expressed at significant levels, and to exclude expression of mouse immunoglobulins irrespective of their copy number or site of integration. The decrease in susceptibility to influence by adjacent genomic sequences may reflect the greater size, variable gene content, or structural integrity of the human Ig YACs and/or the presence of unidentified but important regulatory elements needed for optimal expression of the human immunoglobulin genes and their correct regulation. Our results show that mouse B cells coexpressing human heavy and kappa chains, upon immunization, can produce antigen-specific, fully human antibodies. Furthermore, the human heavy and kappa chain YACs induced differentiation and maturation of the growth-arrested B-cell lineage in mice with inactivated endogenous Ig genes, leading to the production of a diverse repertoire of fully human antibodies at levels approaching those in normal serum. These results suggest the potential value of these mice as a source of fully human antibodies for human therapy. Furthermore, it is expected that such mice would lack immunological tolerance to and thus readily yield antibodies to human proteins, which may constitute an important class of targets for monoclonal antibody therapy. Our findings suggest that the introduction of even larger portions of the human heavy and light chain loci, which should be achievable with the ES cell-yeast spheroplast fusion technology described, will result in strains of mice ultimately capable of recapitulating the full antibody repertoire characteristic of the human humoral response to infection and immunization. The present and future mouse strains may prove to be valuable tools for studying the molecular mechanisms and regulatory sequences influencing the programmed assembly and expression of human antibodies in the normal immune response, as well as the abnormal response characteristic of autoimmune disease and other disorders. The strategy we have described for the introduction of large segments of the human genome into mice in conjunction with the inactivation of the corresponding mouse loci may also have broad applicability to the investigation of other complex or uncharacterized loci.
The Influence of Inoculum Size on Proliferation in Tissue Cultures (1951)

The Influence of Inoculum Size on Proliferation in Tissue Cultures Get access Wilton R. Earle, Wilton R. Earle National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katherine K. Sanford, Katherine K. Sanford National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia J. Evans, Virginia J. Evans National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Helen K. Waltz, Helen K. Waltz National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John E. Shannon, Jr. John E. Shannon, Jr. National Cancer Institute2Bethesda, Md. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 12, Issue 1, August 1951, Pages 133–153, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/12.1.133 Published: 01 August 1951 Article history Received: 18 April 1951 Published: 01 August 1951
Multiple Constant Multiplication Algorithm for High-Speed and Low-Power Design (2015)

In this brief, Radix-2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sup> arithmetic is applied to the multiple constant multiplication (MCM) problem. Given a number M of nonnegative constants with a bit length N, we determine the analytic formulas for the maximum number of additions, the average number of additions, and the maximum number of cascaded additions forming the critical path. We get the first proven bounds known so far for MCM. In addition to being fully predictable with respect to the problem size (M, N), the RADIX-2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sup> MCM heuristic exhibits sublinear runtime complexity O(M × N/r), where r is a function of (M, N). For high-complexity problems, it is most likely the only one that is even feasible to run. Another merit is that it has the shortest adder depth in comparison with the best published MCM algorithms.
Living anionic polymerization under an electric field (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving anionic polymerization under an electric fieldIchiro Sakurada, Norio Ise, Hideo Hirohara, and Tetsuo MakinoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1967, 71, 11, 3711–3712Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100870a067https://doi.org/10.1021/j100870a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Glossary (2005)

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Evidence of market manipulation in the financial crisis (2011)

We provide direct evidence of market manipulation at the beginning of the financial crisis in November 2007. The type of manipulation, a "bear raid," would have been prevented by a regulation that was repealed by the Securities and Exchange Commission in July 2007. The regulation, the uptick rule, was designed to prevent manipulation and promote stability and was in force from 1938 as a key part of the government response to the 1929 market crash and its aftermath. On November 1, 2007, Citigroup experienced an unusual increase in trading volume and decrease in price. Our analysis of financial industry data shows that this decline coincided with an anomalous increase in borrowed shares, the selling of which would be a large fraction of the total trading volume. The selling of borrowed shares cannot be explained by news events as there is no corresponding increase in selling by share owners. A similar number of shares were returned on a single day six days later. The magnitude and coincidence of borrowing and returning of shares is evidence of a concerted effort to drive down Citigroup's stock price and achieve a profit, i.e., a bear raid. Interpretations and analyses of financial markets should consider the possibility that the intentional actions of individual actors or coordinated groups can impact market behavior. Markets are not sufficiently transparent to reveal even major market manipulation events. Our results point to the need for regulations that prevent intentional actions that cause markets to deviate from equilibrium and contribute to crashes. Enforcement actions cannot reverse severe damage to the economic system. The current "alternative" uptick rule which is only in effect for stocks dropping by over 10% in a single day is insufficient. Prevention may be achieved through improved availability of market data and the original uptick rule or other transaction limitations.