gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing redundancies in multi-revision code analysis (2017)

Software engineering research often requires analyzing multiple revisions of several software projects, be it to make and test predictions or to observe and identify patterns in how software evolves. However, code analysis tools are almost exclusively designed for the analysis of one specific version of the code, and the time and resources requirements grow linearly with each additional revision to be analyzed. Thus, code studies often observe a relatively small number of revisions and projects. Furthermore, each programming ecosystem provides dedicated tools, hence researchers typically only analyze code of one language, even when researching topics that should generalize to other ecosystems. To alleviate these issues, frameworks and models have been developed to combine analysis tools or automate the analysis of multiple revisions, but little research has gone into actually removing redundancies in multi-revision, multi-language code analysis. We present a novel end-to-end approach that systematically avoids redundancies every step of the way: when reading sources from version control, during parsing, in the internal code representation, and during the actual analysis. We evaluate our open-source implementation, LISA, on the full history of 300 projects, written in 3 different programming languages, computing basic code metrics for over 1.1 million program revisions. When analyzing many revisions, LISA requires less than a second on average to compute basic code metrics for all files in a single revision, even for projects consisting of millions of lines of code.
Microemulsion Syntheses of Sn and SnO[sub 2]-Graphite Nanocomposite Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries (2004)

10.1149/1.1647571
When Interactions Between Young Children and Dogs Become Dangerous (2017)

Abstract Dog bites are an important public health problem and often require significant medical and surgical care, especially among younger children. Although decades of research and clinical experience have revealed specific risk factors and potential avenues for the prevention of dog bite injuries to children, the problem remains widespread and serious. Prevention efforts underway largely target older children with limited focus on how to protect the infants and toddlers who experience the most serious morbidity and mortality from dog bite injuries. Recent research on the relationship between parent supervision and dog bites highlights an opportunity to educate parents on the risk of dog bites and appropriate dog–child interaction. The overall goal of such efforts is to reduce the frequency of dog bites, thus protecting children and avoiding hospital and surgical treatment.
Shorter notice. Dominion or Decline. Anglo-American Naval Relations in the Pacific. Cowman (1999)

Accepted
System identification techniques for adaptive signal processing (1982)

Many problems in adaptive filtering can be approached from the point of view of system identification. The recursive maximum likelihood algorithm is proposed for estimating the parameters of the signal model. The parameter estimates are then used to form an adaptive infinite impulse response filter. Several examples are discussed including: adaptive line enhancement, adaptive deconvolution, adaptive noise cancelling, and adaptive time delay estimation.
PHASIM, an advanced phased array antenna software simulator (2002)

A sophisticated phased array simulator software package for the design and analysis of planar phased array antennas is presented. This package can accurately simulate the far-field characteristics of a large variety of planar phased array configurations in both the frequency and time domain. The simulator is coded in MATLAB version 5.3. Using MATLAB, numerical engineering problems can be solved in a fraction of the time required by programs coded in FORTRAN or C. This paper addresses an assessment of the program, discusses its use and advanced far-field analysis capabilities.
CD73 Expression as a Potential Marker of Good Prognosis in Breast Carcinoma (2011)

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is a membrane-bound enzyme, which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine monophosphate to adenosine. CD73 has been postulated to play an important role in carcinogenesis, as adenosine promotes tumor progression and CD73-expressing cancer cell lines are more aggressive. However, other studies have shown that activated adenosine receptors may also inhibit cell proliferation. This study investigated the clinical significance of CD73 expression in breast cancer. The study group included 136 consecutive stage I-III breast cancer patients treated between 2001 and 2008 at 2 institutions. CD73 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays, using antihuman mouse monoclonal antibody. Survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. CD73 staining was expressed as the score calculated by multiplying the staining intensity (0=negative, 1=weak, 2=intermediate, 3=strong) and percentage of positive cells (0% to 100%). The median score among all samples was 100. Positive CD73 staining (defined as score equal or higher than 100) occurred in 74% of the cases. No correlation was found between CD73 expression and grading, tumor size, lymph node status, histologic type, estrogen receptor, or progesterone receptor status. Positive CD73 expression strongly correlated with longer disease-free survival (hazard ratio=0.26; 95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.66; P=0.0044) and overall survival (hazard ratio =0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.07-0.85; P=0.027). Multivariate analysis for disease-free survival revealed correlation with tumor size and CD73 status. Elevated CD73 expression in breast cancer can predict a good prognosis. However, the actual role of CD73 in cancerogenesis remains unclear and requires further analysis.
[Chronic complications of polycystic ovary syndrome. Review]. (2002)

In addition to neuroendocrine abnormalities, women with polycystic ovary syndrome have insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction associated with a high frequency of metabolic syndrome components, such as glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM-2), dyslipidemia and a higher risk for endothelial dysfunction, haemostatic abnormalities, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Obesity, a common finding in this disorder, plays an important role in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Early identification of patients and prompt initiation of insulin sensitizing therapy by pharmacological agents or changes in life style such diet and exercise might improve the metabolic and endocrine abnormalities and reduce the risk of DM-2 and cardiovascular disease in these patients.
Power supply design considerations for maintaining a minimum sustaining current in a vortex water wall high-pressure argon arc lamp (1998)

Vortex water wall high-pressure argon arc lamps are used to generate intense light and are capable of operating at radiative efficiencies greater than 50%. These lamps are being considered for use in a pulsed DC mode of operation in the next generation of rapid thermal processing applications. The results of a series of experiments have shown that the breakdown to arc transition consists of a prethermionic electrode emission phase and a prethermal ionization phase. The large dynamic voltage and current range between the breakdown phase and the arc phase necessitates the use of three different power circuit topologies. A high-voltage ignition circuit is connected in series with an arc-sustaining power source. The series connection ensures that the arc-sustaining power supply is isolated from the high-voltage ignition circuit. The arc-sustaining current source power source consists of a step-down hysteresis-current-controlled DC/DC converter cascaded with a constant off-time output-voltage-controlled step-up DC/DC converter. The current-controlled converter supplies the minimum arc-sustaining current, whereas the step-up converter provides the minimum post-ignition prethermal ionization voltage. The inclusion of a shorting switch allows one to reduce the current ratings of the high-voltage circuit components. Finally, experimental verification of a simplified circuit model of the ignition to arc transition, the circuit operation, a power supply design procedure, and a design example are provided.
The human cadherin 11 is a pro-apoptotic tumor suppressor modulating cell stemness through Wnt/β-catenin signaling and silenced in common carcinomas (2011)

Genetic alterations of 16q21-q22, the locus of a 6-cadherin cluster, are frequently involved in multiple tumors, suggesting the presence of critical tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). Using 1 Mb array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we refined a small hemizygous deletion (~1 Mb) at 16q21-22.1, which contains a single gene Cadherin-11 (CDH11, OB-cadherin). CDH11 was broadly expressed in human normal adult and fetal tissues, while its silencing and promoter CpG methylation were frequently detected in tumor cell lines, but not in immortalized normal epithelial cells. Aberrant methylation was also frequently detected in multiple primary tumors. CDH11 silencing could be reversed by pharmacologic or genetic demethylation, indicating an epigenetic mechanism. Ectopic expression of CDH11 strongly suppressed tumorigenecity and induced tumor cell apoptosis. Moreover, CDH11 was found to inhibit Wnt/β-catenin and AKT/Rho A signaling, as well as actin stress fiber formation, thus further inhibiting tumor cell migration and invasion. CDH11 also inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and downregulated stem cell markers. Thus, our work identifies CDH11 as a functional tumor suppressor and an important antagonist of Wnt/β-catenin and AKT/Rho A signaling, with frequent epigenetic inactivation in common carcinomas.
Far Infrared Filters for a Rocket-Borne Radiometer (1972)

Low pass far infrared radiation filters with cutoff frequencies in the spectral region of 10-25 cm(-1) were required for a rocket-borne radiometer experiment. The paper describes the theory, fabrication, and laboratory transmission measurements of prototype grid filters investigated in a study prior to the construction of flight filters. Characteristics of the final flight filters are also presented.
Error-Resilient Coding of 3-D Graphic Models for Ubiquitous Multimedia Services (2011)

Transmission channel of ubiquitous computing environments always has high bit error rates.Current coding techniques for 3-D graphic models mainly focus on coding efficiency,which makes them extremely sensitive to channel errors due to their irregular mesh structure.A new approach for error-resilient coding of arbitrary 3-D graphic models is introduced.Since the surface geometry of an arbitrary structure is re-sampled on a regular domain grid,and correlation between data is greatly reduced,error-resilient can be fundamentally improved.In order to improve the coding efficiency,error resilient geometry image compression coding scheme is introduced.To ensure that the reconstructed model is faithful to the original model,an extended bounded-distortion piecewise mesh parameterization method is proposed.Simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed coding algorithm can not only reconstruct 3-D mesh surfaces faithfully but also save storage space and be error-resilient.
C4bp binding to porin mediates stable serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2021)

Screening of 29 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed that 16/21 serum resistant strains and 0/8 serum sensitive strains bound C4bp, suggesting that C4bp binding to gonococci could contribute to serum resistance. C4bp bound to gonococci retained cofactor (C4b-degrading) function. Using allelic exchange to construct strains with hybrid Por1A/B molecules, we demonstrate that the N-terminal loop (loop 1) of Por1A is required for C4bp binding. Serum resistant Por1B gonococcal strains also bind C4bp via their Por molecule. Using allelic exchange and site-directed mutagenesis, we have shown that loops 5 and 7 together form a negatively charged C4bp binding domain. C4bp-Por1B interactions are ionic in nature (inhibited by high salt as well as by heparin), while the C4bp-Por1A bond is hydrophobic. mAbs directed against SCR1 of the α-chain of C4bp inhibit C4bp binding to both Por1A and Por1B. Furthermore, only recombinant C4bp mutant molecules that contain α-chain SCR1 bind both Por1A and Por1B gonococci, confirming that SCR1 contains Por binding sites. C4bp α-chain monomers do not bind strains with either Por molecule, suggesting that the polymeric form of C4bp is required for binding to gonococci. Inhibition of C4bp binding to serum resistant Por1A and Por1B strains in a serum bactericidal assay using fAb fragments against C4bp SCR1 results in complete killing at 30 min of otherwise fully serum resistant strains in only 10% normal serum, underscoring the role of C4bp in mediating gonococcal serum resistance. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.
MicroRNA Expression Profiling of Oral Carcinoma Identifies New Markers of Tumor Progression (2010)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma, the most frequently occurring malignant head and neck tumour, generally exhibits poor prognosis and metastases are the main cause of death. The discovery of reliable prognostic indicators of tumour progression could greatly improve clinical practice. MicroRNAs are involved in the regulation of basic cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Since miRNAs have been shown to be abnormally expressed in different tumours their importance as potential cancer prognostic indicators is increasing. To define the role of miRNA in OSCC tumours we investigated the expression profile of 15 OSCC (8 without metastasis and 7 with lymph node metastasis) using microarray analysis. Thirteen miRNA were significantly overexpressed (miR-489, miR-129, miR-23a, miR-214, miR-23b, miR-92, miR-25, miR-210, miR-212, miR-515, miR-146b, miR-21, miR-338) and 6 miRNA were underexpressed (miR-520h, miR-197, miR-378, miR-135b, miR-224, miR-34a) in oral tumours. Underexpression of mir-155, let-7i, mir-146a was found to characterize progression to metastastatic tumours. Further investigations will elucidate whether differentially expressed miRNAs will help to better classify OSCCs, thus improving diagnoses and patient care.
Equality, Ideology and Oppression: Women and theCanadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (1956)

The major objective of this article is to contribute to an understanding of the potential impact of the equality provisions of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms2 on the lives of women. This requires an awareness of the realities of women's inequality in our society, an understanding of the legal conceptualization of equality, and a consideration of the role of "law" in remedying societal injustice. My focus in this article is on the second concern-that is, on legal theories of equality as they relate to women. I begin with a brief outline of the conflicting ideological approaches that infuse legal thought on general equality issues and their particular manifestations in the Canadian Charter. The interplay of these contrasting theories is then considered in a historical context of the legal treatment of women, followed by a discussion of the current debate about equality for women in Canada. Finally, I will offer some suggestions about the interpretive direction I think the equality provisions in the Charter should take.
Democratizing the Law of Social Distancing (2020)

Public health emergency statutes should give executive-branch officials clear authority to respond swiftly in a crisis while setting forth principles to guide executive discretion. Statutes already provide specific authorizations and statutory guardrails for individually targeted measures like isolation and quarantine. New legislation is needed to provide similarly specific authorizations and guardrails for compulsory social distancing and face mask orders. Reforms should facilitate democratic accountability for executive-branch decisions in addition to protecting individual rights. This article offers five key principles to guide legislation. First, statutes should mandate transparency, which is critical to secure the public’s trust. To ensure compulsory orders are conditioned on a demonstrated threat of significant risk and a suitable fit between the means and clearly stated ends, mandated disclosures should include statements of the strategic purpose orders are intended to serve, the scientific understanding on which they are based, and the criteria for when they can be lifted. Second, statutes should provide officials with a graded range of alternatives to ensure a sustainable emergency response that can be tailored to evolving conditions and understanding. To facilitate a scaled response that balances the risk of contributing to community transmission against other public priorities, classifications of services, businesses, and activities as essential or high-priority should be developed in advance. Third, statutes should provide substantive standards to ensure orders are neutral laws of general applicability that do not discriminate on the basis of religion. Fourth, to enable widespread voluntary compliance and minimize unjust distribution of the benefits and burdens of public health intervention, statutes should mandate that restrictions must be accompanied by financial and other material supports, legal protections, and accommodations for safer alternatives to restricted activities to the greatest extent possible within available resources. Finally, statutes should authorize criminal enforcement against individuals who violate social distancing orders only if executive-branch officials establish that it is the least restrictive alternative available to achieve the government’s purpose. These principles should also guide executive officials as they exercise the discretion granted to them under existing statutes.
An Impedance Transformation Method for Finding the Load Impedance of a Two-Port Network (1962)

An unknown load impedance terminating a lossy two-port junction can be calculated if the input impedance and junction parameters are known. It is to be shown that there exists a linear relationship, dependent upon two calibration constants, between the input reflection coefficient and a modified reflection coefficient of the load. Applying the linear transformation to the junction input impedance permits evaluation of the unknown load impedance. Calibration is accomplished by terminating the transmission line in at least three different reactance and measuring the corresponding input reflection coefficients. These data plot into the usual circular configuration on a Smith chart from which the necessary calibration data is obtained. When several load reactances are used, the calibration accuracy can be considerably increased, since the averaging advantage of plotting a mean straight line is utilized. Furthermore, once the junction has been calibrated, its equivalent T-network impedances and scattering coefficients may be found.
Customer-Based Valuation (2009)

Customer lifetime value (CLV) has emerged as an important metric to manage and grow customers. Marketing scholars have written many books and articles on this topic. However, most of this research has focused on tactical marketing decisions. While this is important, it is not enough to gain attention of senior managers who are concerned about firm level metrics such as stock price. To have greater impact marketing needs to go beyond brand-level profits to show the impact of marketing actions on firm profitability. In this paper we focus on customer lifetime value and its link to firm value. We discuss research that provides customer-based valuation of firms and suggest directions for future research.
The Melanocortin-5 Receptor (2000)

Melanocortins are a subset of peptides derived from the proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene product, including ACTH, α-, β-, and γ-MSH (1,2). The name refers to the two principal activities of these peptides, that is, regulation of pigmentation in skin and hair and steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex.
Spatial and Temporal Regulation of Tenascin-R Glycosylation in the Cerebellum (2002)

The cellular adhesion molecule tenascin-R is a multifunctional extracellular matrix component expressed exclusively in the central nervous system. The expression of tenascin-R by oligodendrocytes and small interneurons in the hippocampus and cerebellum is highly regulated during development of these regions. This complex glycoprotein displays both adhesive and anti-adhesive properties that contribute to the formation and maintenance of synapses. We have determined that tenascin-R associated with Purkinje cell bodies and their dendrites in the molecular layer of the cerebellum bears N-linked oligosaccharides terminating with beta1,4-linked GalNAc-4-SO(4), whereas tenascin-R in other regions of the cerebellum does not bear this modification. Expression of this unique sulfated carbohydrate structure is also temporally regulated, increasing throughout cerebellar development. The most dramatic increase in GalNAc-4-SO(4) occurs between postnatal days 14 and 21, corresponding to a period of Purkinje cell dendrite extension and synaptogenesis. The spatially and temporally regulated addition of this unique sulfated carbohydrate to tenascin-R may serve to modulate its adhesive/anti-adhesive or other biological properties in vivo.
Hybrid Fin-Line Matching Structures (1982)

Two transitions between unilateral and bilateral fin-line mounted back to back show unique features for impedance transformation. The series reactance of the equivalent T-circuit are theoretically shown to be capacitive. This is exploited by designing a broad-band switch with two p-i-n diodes. Its isolation is about 20 dB throughout the Ku-band.
Multiband miniaturized PIFA for compact wireless‐communication applications (2004)

Abstract The definitive element of any wireless device is its antenna. In this paper, a multiband planar inverted‐F antenna (PIFA) is miniaturized. The results show that a 68%–82% size reduction can be achieved. Two techniques for reduction are utilized: (i) adding lumped load and (ii) miniaturizing the geometry by using the fractal concept. New PIFA configurations are reached. Quad‐band operation is achieved. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 42: 230–234, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20261
The characterization of sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) schools off the Spanish-Atlantic coast (2003)

Abstract This paper describes the main characteristics of sardine schools detected in the Spanish-Atlantic surveys carried out from 1992 to 1997 (except 1994). A series of parameters were obtained for each school (morphological, positional and energetic) as well as environmental factors (temperature and salinity). The relationships between the school parameters were analyzed by a PCA and then the school parameters per se were described using both univariate and multivariate analyses (Box-plots, ANOVAs, MANOVA, and discriminant analysis). The results show that significant differences exist between years and geographic areas in that the Rías Baixas schools were smaller in size and of higher density than those from the Cantabric area. These differences could be related to the facts that the Rías Baixas is a nursery zone and sardine length and age are smaller than in the Cantabric Sea. It would seem that the differences in school morphology and energetic characteristics related to length and age of individuals allow us to distinguish between the sardine echo traces in this area. There is a high annual variability in the number of schools and this is not a function of either survey design or strategy and it is not related to the abundance estimates of sardine. These results are important for both future species identification and the improvement of survey design and strategy.