gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of highly branched perfluoroethers by direct fluorination, promising new materials based on the hexafluoroacetone–ethylene copolymer (1980)

Abstract Direct fluorination of the hexafluoroacetone‐ethylene copolymer, [CH 2 CH 2 OC(CF 3 ) 2 ] n , under conditions designed to promote fragmentation of the polymer chain has led to the synthesis of a number of structurally unusual branched perfluoropolyethers [CF 2 CF 2 O‐C(CF 3 ) 2 ] n . These new perfluoropolyethers have been characterized by 19 F‐NMR, and their physical properties are reported. Direct fluorination under milder conditions yields a high‐molecular‐weight perfluoropolyether.
ChemInform Abstract: Zinc and Silver Ion Coordination by Pyrido(1,2‐a)pyrimidine Derivatives. (1987)

Abstract The protonation and zinc and silver ion coordination equilibria of the pyrido(1,2‐a)pyrimidine derivatives (I)‐(V) are studied by polarographic, potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods.
Temporal Sensitivity of Protein Kinase A Activation in Late-Phase Long Term Potentiation (2010)

Protein kinases play critical roles in learning and memory and in long term potentiation (LTP), a form of synaptic plasticity. The induction of late-phase LTP (L-LTP) in the CA1 region of the hippocampus requires several kinases, including CaMKII and PKA, which are activated by calcium-dependent signaling processes and other intracellular signaling pathways. The requirement for PKA is limited to L-LTP induced using spaced stimuli, but not massed stimuli. To investigate this temporal sensitivity of PKA, a computational biochemical model of L-LTP induction in CA1 pyramidal neurons was developed. The model describes the interactions of calcium and cAMP signaling pathways and is based on published biochemical measurements of two key synaptic signaling molecules, PKA and CaMKII. The model is stimulated using four 100 Hz tetani separated by 3 sec (massed) or 300 sec (spaced), identical to experimental L-LTP induction protocols. Simulations show that spaced stimulation activates more PKA than massed stimulation, and makes a key experimental prediction, that L-LTP is PKA-dependent for intervals larger than 60 sec. Experimental measurements of L-LTP demonstrate that intervals of 80 sec, but not 40 sec, produce PKA-dependent L-LTP, thereby confirming the model prediction. Examination of CaMKII reveals that its temporal sensitivity is opposite that of PKA, suggesting that PKA is required after spaced stimulation to compensate for a decrease in CaMKII. In addition to explaining the temporal sensitivity of PKA, these simulations suggest that the use of several kinases for memory storage allows each to respond optimally to different temporal patterns.
Fatty acylation of proteins for translocation across cell membranes. (1990)

An effective method for the artificial attachment of lipid anchors to water-soluble proteins has been developed. Protein molecules are modified by a water-insoluble reagent, e.g. fatty acid chloride, in a reversed-micelle system. The resulting fatty acylated proteins are able to translocate across lipid membranes and penetrate intact cells. This makes possible the transport of modified antiviral antibodies across the haemato-encephalic barrier into the brain and hence virus suppression in infected cells. The effect is illustrated by the marked (hundredfold) increase in biological activity of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A after fatty acylation. These phenomena are discussed in relation to in vivo data indicating that the posttranslational modification of proteins by fatty acids and phospholipids is very common in nature, and that the lipid modification of proteins may be a step in protein transport in vivo.
Identification of Phosphorylation Sites within the Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Protein VP22 (1999)

The herpes simplex virus protein VP22 is a major phosphoprotein of infected cells. In this study, we identify two serine phosphorylation sites within VP22 and show that the N-terminal site is a substrate for casein kinase II, while the extreme C-terminal site is a substrate for another, as yet unidentified, cellular kinase. Furthermore, we show that a mutant of VP22 which has both sites altered is unable to incorporate phosphate in vivo, confirming that there are no other phosphorylation sites within VP22.
The Role of Secreted Aspartyl Proteinases in<i>Candida albicans</i>Keratitis (2007)

The EFG1-regulated SAP6 gene of C. albicans encodes a unique secreted aspartyl proteinase that contributes to corneal pathogenicity. The role of SAP6 during corneal infection appears to be associated with the morphogenic transformation of C. albicans yeasts into invasive filamentous forms.
Prognostic Indicators of Quality of Life after Cholecystectomy for Biliary Dyskinesia (2006)

Purpose: Most patients who undergo cholecystectomy for the diagnosis of biliary dyskinesia have resolution of their symptoms. However, 20% to 30% of patients continue to have symptoms after surgery. The aim of this study was to determine quality of life after laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with biliary dyskinesia, and if preoperative variables correlate with quality of life after surgery. Methods: Biliary dyskinesia was defined as a gallbladder ejection fraction of <35% in symptomatic patients without gallstones on sonography. All patients with biliary dyskinesia who had undergone cholecystectomy at our institution between Jan 31, 2000 and Jan 31, 2005 were identified. These patients were then contacted by telephone to complete the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index and a survey of preoperative symptoms. A database containing laboratory data, radiologic data, preoperative symptoms, and quality of life score was created for analysis. Main outcome measures were postoperative quality of life vs. historical standards, and preoperative variables vs. quality of life postoperative. Results: A total of sixty-six patients were identified as fitting the inclusion criteria. Forty-three patients were contacted by phone and thirty agreed to participate. Patients were noted to have a higher quality of life postoperative than historical pre-cholecystectomy patients (p <.001). Patients included in this study had quality of life scores equivalent to historical postoperative quality of life in patients with gallbladder disease, and to historical normal populations. No laboratory, pathologic, or sonographic data was predictive of a lower quality of life. It was found that patients having postprandial nausea and vomiting had a lower quality of life (p <.029) after surgery as compared to those without these preoperative symptoms. No other symptoms had a correlation to quality of life. Conclusions: Patients who participated in this study had a postoperative quality of life similar to both normal populations and patients following laparoscopic cholecystectomy for biliary disease. Nausea and vomiting preoperatively predicted a lower postoperative quality of life. Patients with biliary dyskinesia and have presenting symptoms of both nausea and vomiting may have a global gastrointestinal motility disorder, including gastroparesis. Preoperative gastric emptying study could be beneficial for this group before proceeding to cholecystectomy as it may alter the treatment plan.
Fluorescent Hg<sup>2+</sup> Sensors: Synthesis and Evaluation of a Tren‐Based Starburst Molecule Containing Fluorinated 1,2,4‐Oxadiazoles (2010)

Abstract A new tren‐based starburst molecule containing fluorinated 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as fluorophores has been synthesized and its sensing behavior toward several metal cations has been investigated by UV/Vis, fluorescence, 1 H NMR and 19 F NMR spectroscopy. Selective sensing for Hg 2+ ions through a PET‐based mechanism was evidenced, suggesting application as fluorescent sensor for Hg 2+ of the off‐on type.
Ultra-broadband material spectroscopy from scattering parameters obtained from time domain measurements (2014)

Scattering parameter measurements can provide a key insight towards understanding material properties, pertaining to permittivity. The relaxation phenomena (e.g. free and bond water relaxation) and the frequencies at which they occur can convey valuable information in dielectric spectroscopy for material process monitoring and biology research. These relaxations can range from kHz to GHz range. Extracting the reflection/transmission coefficients or scattering parameters from time domain measurements over a broad range of frequencies, from kHz to GHz, can be challenging. The current approach often employed by material scientists involves performing Laplace transform, through a numerical integration, on the time domain data. On the other hand, the more computationally efficient fast Fourier transform (FFT) techniques have been well-developed and widely used in the engineering community. In this study, we propose a method, based on fast Fourier transform (FFT) of non-uniformly sampled time domain reflectometry (TDR) data, to obtain the frequency domain information in an ultra-broadband range from kHz to GHz. We test this method to known lossy materials.
Tissue factor expressed by microparticles is associated with mortality but not with thrombosis in cancer patients (2013)

A prothrombotic state is one of the hallmarks of malignancy and a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in cancer patients.Tissue factor (TF) is often overexpressed in malignancy and is a prime candidate in predicting the hypercoagulable state. Moreover, increased number of TF-exposing microparticles (MPs) in cancer patients may contribute to venous thromboembolism (VTE). We have conducted a prospective cohort study to determine whether elevated TF antigen, TF activity and TF associated to MPs (MPs-TF) are predictive of VTE and mortality in cancer patients. The studied population consisted of 252 cancer patients and 36 healthy controls. TF antigen and activity and MPs-TF were determined by ELISA and chromogenic assays. During a median follow-up of 10 months, 40 thrombotic events were recorded in 34 patients (13.5%), and 73 patients (28.9%) died. TF antigen and activity were significantly higher in patients than in controls (p<0.01) mainly in patients with advanced stages, whereas no differences were observed for TF activity of isolated MPs. We did not find a statistically significant association of TF variables with the risk of VTE. Multivariate analysis adjusting for age, sex, type of cancer and other confounding variables showed that TF activity (p<0.01) and MPs-TF activity (p<0.05) were independently associated with mortality. In conclusion, while TF variables were not associated with future VTE in cancer patients, we found a strong association of TF and MPs-TF activity with mortality, thus suggesting they might be good prognostic markers in cancer patients.
Ultrasound Accelerated Bone Tissue Engineering Monitored with Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (2006)

Tissue engineering has the potential to treat bone loss, but current bone restoration methods, including osteogenesis from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), require three to four weeks for bone formation to occur. In this study, we stimulated the formation of engineered bone tissue with low-intensity ultrasound, which has been proven to accelerate bone healing in vivo. One group of engineered bone constructs received ultrasound stimulation 20 minutes per day over a 3-week growth period. We monitored the growth of all the engineered constructs quantitatively and noninvasively using magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), where the T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> relaxation times of all the constructs were measured, on a weekly basis, using an 11.74 T Bruker spectrometer. Histological and immunocytochemical sections were obtained for all constructs and correlated with the MR results. This study shows that ultrasound can accelerate osteogenesis in vitro for tissue engineered bone, the growth and development of which can be monitored using MRM
Limb Lengthening for Achondroplasia (1989)

Three adolescent patients underwent limb lengthening for achondroplasia by the DeBastiani technique. Average increase in length was 15.4 cm (37.7%) per limb. Bone formation was excellent, and there were no neurovascular complications or infections. Numerous problems were encountered during treatment, but there were only two residual complications in one patient. Soft tissue tension and contractures precluded further lengthening in each case. Thirty-five percent lengthening may be the maximum that can be safely achieved for achondroplasia, and though it may produce cosmetic and psychological benefits, the functional benefits may not justify the expense, morbidity, and risk of the procedure.
24 Induction, regeneration and epithelial plasticity in integumental appendages. (2002)

In common with other integumental appendages the hair follicle develops through a series of reciprocal epithelial-mesenchymal interactions involving many of the highly conserved signalling pathways thought to be at the core of developmental information processing. However in hair follicles these interactions persist into adulthood, in the course of normal follicle growth and cycling, and as a result follicles have a unique capacity to regenerate following experimental amputation. Follicle cells are thus the subject of intense study in relation to stem cell biology. Most importantly for experimental purposes hair follicles contain readily identifiable populations of interacting cells clustered in discrete sites. Epithelial and mesenchymal cells can be isolated, and continue to show pronounced interactive abilities. In particular one key component, the dermal papilla, can induce follicle formation from a range of adult epithelia. Similar properties are seen in equivalent cells from teeth, and therefore there are a number of developmental approaches to creating new skin and skin appendages.
Distinguishing unconscious from conscious cognition--Reasonable assumptions and replicable findings: Reply to Merikle and Reingold (1998) and Dosher (1998). (1998)

S. C. Draine and A. G. Greenwald (1998) demonstrated replicable unconscious semantic priming by combining a response window procedure, which increases priming effects by requiring rapid responding, and a regression analysis in which the regression intercept is a marker for unconscious cognition. The commentaries by B. A. Dosher (1998) and by P. M. Merikle and E. M. Reingold (1998) raise two questions about conclusions based on these methods: (a) Did Draine and Greenwald (1998) demonstrate an indirect effect (subliminal priming) in the absence of a direct effect (i.e., visibility of the subliminal priming words)? and (b) Did Draine and Greenwald (1998) demonstrate dissociation of conscious from unconscious cognition? The first question has reassuring responses that are reviewed here. The second question is answered by pointing out that although Draine and Greenwald (1998) did not claim to have established such dissociation, they provided data that advance the plausibility of that conclusion.
Fortia-FBK at SemEval-2017 Task 5: Bullish or Bearish? Inferring\n Sentiment towards Brands from Financial News Headlines (2017)

In this paper, we describe a methodology to infer Bullish or Bearish\nsentiment towards companies/brands. More specifically, our approach leverages\naffective lexica and word embeddings in combination with convolutional neural\nnetworks to infer the sentiment of financial news headlines towards a target\ncompany. Such architecture was used and evaluated in the context of the SemEval\n2017 challenge (task 5, subtask 2), in which it obtained the best performance.\n
Corrosivity Monitoring System for Pipelines (2008)

Abstract A water corrosivity sensing system is currently under development that has the potential to combine the strengths of rate measurement techniques such as linear polarization resistance with longer-term cumulative damage measurements typically provided by electrical resistance probes. This sensor technology is applicable not only to water pipeline systems, but a broad range of liquid and gas piping systems used in military facilities as well as electric power, chemical, pulp and paper, and fossil fuel industries. The current sensor embodiment operates on a diaphragm-based principle, where the diaphragm is a sacrificial element that corrodes as the pipeline. Minute changes in diaphragm thickness can be detected by monitoring the diaphragm response to applied pressure. Diaphragm response can be measured using several techniques, including strain gage, optical gap, and capacitive methods. The current sensor embodiment described in this paper uses a high-resolution optical approach to determine the effective diaphragm thickness loss. This development effort will culminate with a field demonstration of the prototype sensing system installed in an Army trial facility. Corrosion test results presented here include correlation of measured corrosion rate to applied corrosion currents, studying the effect of cathodic currents on sensor response, and observing the sensor response to inhibiting agent injection. A supplemental study investigates the upper limits of resolution with which the measurement system can determine corrosion rate.
Ein dreizähliger Propeller aus sieben verklammerten Benzolringen (1985)

Hohe Drehwerte und ungewöhnlich hohe optische Stabilität zeichnen den helical-chiralen Kohlenwasserstoff 1 aus. Seine Synthese gelang ausgehend von Stilben über ein Hexaphenylbenzol-Derivat durch Erhitzen der bei der Cyclisierung gebildeten syn-syn-anti- und syn-anti-anti-Konformere und anschließende Racemattrennung.
On Internal Constraints in Continuum Mechanics (2002)

Abstract. When a body is subject to simple internal constraints, the deformation gradient must belong to a certain manifold. This is in contrast to the situation in the unconstrained case, where the deformation gradient is an element of the open subset of second-order tensors with positive determinant. Commonly, following Truesdell and Noll [1], modern treatments of constrained theories start with an a priori additive decomposition of the stress into reactive and active components with the reactive component assumed to be powerless in all motions that satisfy the constraints and the active component given by a constitutive equation. Here, we obtain this same decomposition automatically by making a purely geometrical and general direct sum decomposition of the space of all second-order tensors in terms of the normal and tangent spaces of the constraint manifold. As an example, our approach is used to recover the familiar theory of constrained hyperelasticity.
Modern Arylations of Carbonyl Compounds (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Enantioselective Arylation of Aldehydes Enantioselective Arylation of Ketones Enantioselective Arylation of Imines Conjugate Asymmetric Arylation Tandem Processes Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Arylation Conclusions References
EVIDENCE THAT MORPHINE AND OPIOID PEPTIDES DO NOT SHARE A COMMON PATHWAY WITH ADENOSINE IN INHIBITING ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE FROM ISOLATED INTESTINE (1981)

1 The release of acetylcholine from guinea-pig ileal isolated longitudinal muscle strip with intact Auerbach's plexus was measured by bioassay and by a radioisotope technique. 2 Normorphine (5 x 10(-7)M) and D-Met2, Pro5-enkephalinamide (D-Met, Pro-EA) reduced the release of acetylcholine. Theophylline, an adenosine antagonist, failed to prevent the inhibitory effect of normorphine or D-Met, Pro-EA. 3 Theophylline (1.7 x 10(-4)M) by itself enhanced the twitch responses to field stimulation (0.1 Hz) but did not prevent the inhibitory effect of normorphine and D-Met, Pro-EA. 4 From the results it can be concluded that morphine and opioid peptides do not share a common pathway with adenosine in inhibiting acetylcholine release from axon terminals of Auerbach's plexus.
Über die Einwirkung von Aluminiumchlorid auf Terpentinöl (1914)

. ' -D i m e t h o x y -d i p h e n y l -2 . 2 ' -d i a l d e h y d (IX).2.6 g Jodaldehyd wurden mit 0.93 g Anilin in die Aoilinoverbindung ubergefuhrt.3 g dieser Verbindung wurden mit Kupferpulrer im WasserstofFstrom bei 160-180° verschmolzen; sodacn wurde das Reaktionsprodukt mit Benzol ausgezogen und, wie bei dem Dipheoyldialdebyd beschrieben, weiter rerarbeitet.Die Masse wurde hier in kurzer Zeit fest, sie wurde aus Eisessig.und dann aus Benzol und Ligroin umkrystdlisiert und schmolz bei 123-1 240.7.095 mg Sbst.: 18 500 mg CO,, 3.485 mg HsO.
Diffuse optical tomography of the breast: preliminary findings of a new prototype and comparison with magnetic resonance imaging (2009)

This paper presents an evaluation of a prototype diffuse optical tomography (DOT) system. Seventeen women with 18 breast lesions (10 invasive carcinomas, 2 fibroadenomas, and 6 benign cysts; diameters 13-54 mm) were evaluated with DOT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A substantial fraction of the original 36 recruited patients could not be examined using this prototype due to technical problems. A region of interest (ROI) was drawn at the lesion position as derived from MRI and at the mirror image site in the contralateral healthy breast. ROIs were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively by two observers independently in two separate readings. Intra- and interobserver agreements were calculated using kappa statistics (k) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Discriminatory values for presence of malignancy were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses. Intraobserver agreements were excellent (k 0.88 and 0.88; ICC 0.978 and 0.987), interobserver agreements were good to excellent (k 0.77-0.95; ICC 0.96-0.98). Discriminatory values for presence of malignancy were 0.92-0.93 and 0.97-0.99 for quantitative and qualitative ROC analysis, respectively. This DOT system has the potential to discriminate malignant from benign breast tissue in a reproducible qualitative and quantitative manner. Important technical improvements are required before this technique is ready for clinical application.
Efficient content-based copy detection using signs of DCT coefficient (2009)

In this paper, an efficient content-based copy detection (CBCD) method using the signs of the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficient (S-DCT) is proposed. The S-DCTs are extracted from DC images. The proposed method uses a small-size feature, i.e., 48 bits/image, nevertheless, it resulted in neither false-negatives nor false positives. The proposed method can handle common alterations in CBCD application, such as contrast and gamma changing, noise addition, resizing, and a slight shifting. It is confirmed that the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method are superior to those using the MPEG-7 color layout descriptor, one of the smallest image descriptors.
Pollution control of swine manure and straw by conversion to <i>Chaetomium cellulolyticum</i> SCP feed (1981)

Abstract Swine manure has a very high pollution potential and obnoxious odor. Large farms particularly are confronted with a manure disposal problem since environmentally acceptable solutions are now required by government regulations. Swine manure was found to be a good source of supplementary nutrients to ferment wheat straw into single‐cell protein (SCP) with Chaetomium cellulolyticum when 0.13g (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 /g solid was used as an additional source of N. In batch fermentations, inhibitory effects, possibly due to soluble released from the straw during alkali or acid pretreatment, were overcome by starting the fermentation at about pH 7.0 and then reducing it to 5.0 during growth. An overall protein productivity of up to 66 mg/L h was obtained from a slurry mixture of 1% w/v solids of manure and straw. This compares favorably with 99 mg/L h when manure was fermented with glucose instead of straw as the main carbon source. A high protein productivity of 200 mg/L h was obtained from a slurry mixture containing anaerobically prefermented swine manure liquor and 1.5% w/v solids from straw. The final products of the manure and straw fermentations contained 25–30% DW crude protein and 6–20% DW cellulose and the materials were free of the original obnoxious odor and undesirable microbial contamination.