gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gestational Deficits have Selectively Negative Long‐Term Effects on Cognitive Control among Female Preadolescents (2015)

Long‐term cognitive impairments following extreme preterm delivery are well recognized, however, it was unknown whether these effects are present among infants born closer to term or vary based on sex. Herein, cognitive control was assessed among 8‐9‐year‐olds (preterm/<37 wk [n=60] or term/蠅37 wk [n=60]). Children were matched for age, pubertal stage, sex (28 females/group), SES, IQ, BMI, and VO2max. Cognitive control was assessed using a flanker task and groups were compared on measures of accuracy, reaction time, and interference control. While no effects were observed for accuracy, an effect of birth status on overall (d=0.65, P=0.02) and incongruent trial reaction time (d=0.75, P<0.01) was observed among females. Further, preterm females exhibited over two‐fold greater reaction time interference (incongruent ‐ congruent) compared to preterm males, and term females and males (all P<0.01), reflecting compromised ability to up‐regulate cognitive control when faced with higher task demands. This work shows that even relatively small gestational deficits have a lasting influence on cognitive health. Specifically, preterm birth status was selectively and negatively related to cognitive control among female preadolescents. Future studies should elucidate the effects of early life factors on a wider range of cognitive tasks and determine the source of these sex differences. Funding sources: NIH HD055352 and HD069381.
The New Chevrolet V-8 Engine (1955)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">THE new Chevrolet engine offers, the authors say, the smallest and lightest commercial V-8 power package for its 265-cu-in. displacement. This has been accomplished by an 0.8/1 stroke/ bore ratio, and by weight economies throughout the engine which add up to an assembly lighter by 41 lb than the Chevrolet Six.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">New also are its cylinder block casting method, which uses only nine major and three minor cores; its valve-operating mechanism, which features completely independent rocker arms; a lubrication system with short, clean oil passages drilled in the block, none in the cylinder head; and a single intake manifold casting that also forms the top enclosure of the engine and includes provision for hot water heater take-off, cross-over for exhaust heat to the carburetor, distributor mounting, oil filler, thermostat housing, water outlet to the radiator, and water temperature gage hole.</div></div>
A short and efficient construction of the dibenzo[c,h]chromen-6-one skeleton (2010)

We hereby report a major revision of the synthetic methodology for construction of the dibenzochromenone skeleton. Homophthalic acid derivatives were reacted with thionylchloride/DMF in the presence of NaN3. As the main product, dibenzochromenone derivatives were obtained. When the reaction was performed in the absence of NaN3, only isochromenones were formed. The mechanism of the formation of these products is discussed.
DINPeer: An Optimized P2P Communication Network for Advanced Collaborative Environments. (2005)

HIVST could increase HIV testing frequency and potentially have capacity equivalent to that of site-based HIV testing services to reach first-time, delayed, married, and HIV-infected testers among MSM and link them to medical care. However, more rigorous study designs are needed to explore the specific self-testing approach (oral-fluid based or finger-prick based) on improving HIV testing for MSM in different social and economic settings.
Influence of metal inclusions on the breakdown strength of model cables (2002)

For these studies measurements on model cables with an insulation of crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) with metal particle inclusions were performed. Different particle amounts and dimensions were used. It was shown that the decrease in breakdown strength due to the contamination does not show any strong dependence on the particle size but that it is depending on the contamination density.
Advanced cell recovery techniques for ATM networks (2002)

The new perspective techniques for cell recovery in ATM end-to-end connections and in ATM virtual paths are introduced and analyzed. These techniques are based on the forward error correction (FEC) strategy and are oriented to delivery of non-realtime data over a set of ATM switching nodes. Specifically, using a special class of two-dimensional error correcting codes of variable length in the virtual paths allows a significant simplification of the complexity of the network protocol stack. Besides, no data retransmission operations are considered on the ATM adaptation layer (AAL) or by means of the service specific connection oriented protocol. The parameters of the analyzed techniques can be adjusted automatically depending on cell flow intensity and on error distribution in the fiber optic communication channel. A special mechanism is proposed to inform a decoding device about the dimensions of each sequential data unit delivered in a virtual path and to protect the dimensions' identifier from random errors.
Probabilistic Self-Adaptation of Nanoscale CMOS Circuits: Yield Maximization under Increased Intra-Die Variations (2007)

As technology scales to 40nm and beyond, intra-die process variability causes large delay and leakage variations across a chip in addition to expected die-to-die variations. In this paper, a new approach to post-manufacture circuit adaptation for yield maximization is proposed with special focus on the projected large intra-die variability of future CMOS technologies. Adaptation is achieved through an iterative implicit delay test (IDT) and reconfiguration procedure. The IDT is used to assess the timing of the circuit every time it is reconfigured until the best (with the lowest leakage) configuration, achievable within a specified reconfiguration time, is obtained. Since accurate delay testing is not possible at each step of the reconfiguration process, statistical correlation-based methods are used to determine the circuit timing. Reconfiguration is achieved by activating programmable gates that can be switched from a low-speed/low-leakage mode to a high-speed/high-leakage mode under digital control. The circuitry for self-adaptation is very simple, no external tester support is necessary and results show that a significant yield improvement is possible
A General Solution for the Pressurized Elastoplastic Tube (1992)

The problem of a thick-walled cylindrical tube subjected to internal pressure is investigated within the framework of continuum plasticity. Material behavior is modeled by a finite strain elastoplastic flow theory based on the Tresca yield function. The deformation pattern is restricted by the plane-strain condition but arbitrary hardening and elastic compressibility are accounted for. A general solution is given in terms of quadratures. The analysis also includes treatment of a second plastic phase, characterized by corner relations, that may develop at the inner boundary. It is shown that the interface between the two plastic regions moves initially outwards and then, beyond a certain strain level, it moves back inwards. Some useful and simple results are given for thin-walled tubes of hardening materials and for thick-walled elastic/perfectly plastic tubes.
Bone Graft Harvest Using a New Intramedullary System (2008)

Level III, retrospective comparative study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interaction between Electromagnetic Waves and Transport in Saturated Media (2012)

Air sparging is one of the most popular remediation technologies. However, it is limited to a small radius of influence (ROI) surrounding the air injection well. Hence, there have been several efforts to improve its effectiveness. To study the possibility of improving the effectivity of air sparging electromagnetic (EM) waves, an easily visible analogous problem (dye transport in water) is studied in this paper. In order to quantify the effects of EM stimulation on flow of an inert, nonreactive dye in water, EM-stimulated and unstipulated dye transport experiments tests were performed and compared. To quantify this interaction, both dye transport and EM wave propoagation (only the electric field component Z) are quantified experimentally in lab-scale. In addition to the experimental mapping of the electric field at limited location on depth (i.e., vertical) slices, the electric field is simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics 4.1 in three dimensions (3D) for accurate field analysis. Transport analysis of the dye was performed using digital imaging to determine temporal and spatial concentration variations. The results show a visible effect on the dye transport mechanisms (i.e., fingering and diffusion). However, further study is needed to validate the proposed correlation between the electric field and the transport mechanisms.
ANS triboconditioning : in-manufacture running-in process for improving tribological properties of mechanical parts made of steel or cast iron (2012)

Component rig tests suggest that ANS triboconditioning brings significant improvements in the tribological properties of camshafts, cylinder liners, and rocker arm shafts. Extreme-pressure mechanical treatment of the component surface in combination with a tribochemical deposition of a low-friction antiwear film based on tungsten disulfide allows one to produce, in a single finishing operation, a smoother surface with a significantly reduced coefficient of boundary friction and improved wear-resistance and load-carrying capacity. The treatment proved to be especially efficient for reducing friction and wear in lubricated contacts under high tribological stress.
Structure of Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Disk-Shaped Molecules Determined by Atomic Force Microscopy (1993)

Monolayer Langmuir-Blodgett films of a discotic mesogen have been studied with atomic force microscopy (AFM). These measurements confirm the "edge on" arrangement for the disk-shaped molecules suggested by surface pressure-area isotherms and show that the molecules form columns that are separated by 17.7 angstroms +/- 10 percent. Column alignment is found to be predominantly along the film deposition direction, with an angular spread of 35 degrees . The AFM images also show that the mean disk separation within the columns is 5.1 +/- 1.3 angstroms, in good agreement with x-ray diffraction (XRD) results. Roomtemperature XRD measurements on bulk samples of the same material indicate a disordered-hexagonal liquid crystalline mesophase, with a column-to-column spacing of 19.9 +/- 0.2 angstroms.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Xanthones and Thioxanthones Based on η<sup>6</sup>‐2‐Chloro‐N,N‐diethylbenzamide‐η <sup>5</sup>‐cyclopentadienyl Iron Hexafluorophosphate. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Glandular Stem/Progenitor Cell Niche in Airway Development and Repair (2008)

Airway submucosal glands (SMGs) are major secretory structures that lie beneath the epithelium of the cartilaginous airway. These glands are believed to play important roles in normal lung function and airway innate immunity by secreting antibacterial factors, mucus, and fluid into the airway lumen. Recent studies have suggested that SMGs may additionally serve as a protective niche for adult epithelial stem/progenitor cells of the proximal airways. As in the case of other adult stem cell niches, SMGs are believed to provide the localized environmental signals required to both maintain and mobilize stem/progenitor cells, in the setting of normal cellular turnover or injury. Aberrant proliferation and differentiation of glandular stem/progenitor cells may be associated with several hypersecretory lung diseases, including chronic bronchitis, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. To better understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate the specification and proliferation of glandular stem/progenitor cells in lung diseases associated with SMG hypertrophy and hyperplasia, researchers have begun to search for the molecular signals and cell types responsible for establishing the glandular stem/progenitor cell niche, and to dissect how these determinants of the niche change in the setting of proximal airway injury and repair. Such studies have revealed certain similarities between stem/progenitor cell niches of the distal conducting airways and the SMGs of the proximal airways.
Urban yellow fever epidemic in western Nigeria, 1987 (1989)

A large epidemic of urban yellow fever occurred in April and May 1987 in Oyo State, western Nigeria. The principal vector was Aedes aegypti, breeding in domestic water containers. The 1987 outbreak followed an epidemic of sylvatic yellow fever in eastern Nigeria the previous year, and probably resulted from introduction of the virus by viraemic travellers. The outbreak in Oyo State ended in early July, by which time 805 cases and 416 deaths had been officially notified. However, surveys of 3 villages in the epicentre, a region with over 4 million inhabitants, indicated an infection rate of approximately 20%, a clinical attack rate of 2.9% and a mortality rate of 0.6%, suggesting that the true incidence of cases and deaths far exceeded the official reports. Yellow fever virus was isolated from persons with fully developed yellow fever as well as mild febrile illness. One virus isolate was made from blood of an individual with mild illness, who had received 17D vaccine 5 d earlier; monoclonal antibody analysis showed that the isolate was a wild-type virus. Larval indices of Ae. aegypti were very high; however, low vector competence of the Ae aegypti population may have provided a constraint on spread of the epidemic. In late 1987 a third epidemic appeared in Niger State, northern Nigeria, with 644 reported cases and 149 deaths. The vector(s) involved is (are) unknown.
`Sunrise' Highbush Blueberry (1991)

Origin'Sunrise' Highbush Blueberry 'Sunrise', tested as G-482, originated from a cross of G-180 × Me-US 6620 made by 'Sunrise' is an early maturing tetraploid highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) resulting from the extended cooperative breeding program of the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture (USDA) and the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (NJAES).'Sunrise' ripens with 'Duke' and 'Bluetta' in southern New Jersey (mid-to late June to mid-July) and 1 week before the midseason standard cultivar Bluecrop.Fresh fruit flavor of 'Sunrise' is generally better than that of 'Duke' and similar to that of 'Bluetta'.'Sunrise' has larger (heavier) fruit, a larger plant stature, and is easier to manage than 'Bluetta'.Five-year-old plants of 'Sunrise' attained a height ranging between 1.6 to 1.8 m, whereas same age 'Bluetta' plants were <1.5 m tall.Another apparent advantage of 'Sunrise' over 'Bluetta' is the resistance to red ringspot virus (RRSV).'Sunrise' has not expressed the symptoms of this virus, although it has been growing in a severely infested location for >10 years.Thus, 'Sunrise' may complement 'Duke' and be an alternative to 'Bluetta' for early season fresh fruit
40—THE HEAT OF WETTING OF FIBRES (1953)

Measurements have been made of the total heats of wetting of wool, Ardil, natural and regenerated silk, drawn and undrawn nylon, drawn and undrawn Terylene, drawn continuous filament Orlon, and also of the partial heats of wetting of wool and Ardil.
Comparison of Sodium Acid Sulfate to Citric Acid to Inhibit Browning of Fresh‐Cut Potatoes (2011)

Sodium acid sulfate (SAS) dip treatments were evaluated against a distilled water control and citric acid (CA) to compare its effectiveness in reducing enzymatic browning of raw, French-fry cut potatoes. Two separate studies were conducted with dip concentrations ranging from 0%, 1%, and 3% in experiment 1 to 0%, 2%, and 2.5% in experiment 2 to determine optimal dip concentrations. Russet Burbank potatoes were peeled, sliced, and dipped for 1 min and stored at 3 °C. Color, texture, fry surface pH, and microbiological analyses were conducted on days 0, 7, and 14. The 3% SAS- and CA-treated samples had significantly (p<0.0001) lower pH levels on fry surfaces than all other treatments. Both acidulants had significantly (p≤0.05) lower aerobic plate counts compared to controls in both studies by day 7. However, SAS appeared to be the most effective at the 3% level in maintaining a light fry color up to day 14 and had the highest L-values than all other treatments. The 3% SAS-treated fry slices appeared to have the least change in textural properties over storage time, having a significantly (p=0.0002) higher force value (kg force [kgf]) than the other treatments during experiment 1, without any signs of case-hardening that appeared in the control and CA-treated samples. SAS was just as comparable to CA in reducing surface fry pH and also lowering microbial counts over storage time. According to the results, SAS may be another viable acidulant to be utilized in the fresh-cut fruit and vegetable industry.
ChemInform Abstract: SIMPLE METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF α‐AMINO ACIDS (1976)

Abstract Das Furanon (III) reagiert mit chiralen α‐Aminosäuren, z.B. L‐(II), zu zwei diastereomeren Pyrrolinonen (I) bzw. mit D‐(II) zu den Enantiomeren (IV) dieser Verbindungen.
Direct-effect radiation damage in sugars: a combined EMR and DFT study (2012)

The harmful effects of high-energy radiation to organic matter, like cancer, are well known.While insight in the radiation-induced biochemical processes is rapidly evolving, a mechanistic understanding of the initial stages of the radiation physics/chemistry, especially for the direct radiation effect, is still lacking.The complexity of macromolecules like DNA and proteins thwarts detailed analysis of the radiation defects in these systems, so that simpler
Crack Depth Measurements with the Aid of SAW NDE (1981)

This report presents results of measurements of crack depth with the aid of acoustic bulk and surface waves. Both simulated and real fatigue cracks were examined. Two techniques were employed, one took advantage of the very efficient mode conversion between acoustic surface waves and shear waves at the crack tip; the other technique used the diffraction of shear waves at the crack tip. Both techniques were used on a number of simulated {spark eroded) and real cracks in Al 2024. In one fatigue specimen which contained an elliptical crack 4.5 mm in length and 1.25 mm in depth, crack closure studies were carried out. The precision of crack depth determination was judged to be better than 10%.
Voltammetric Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy: Dynamic Imaging of Hydrazine Electro-oxidation on Platinum Electrodes (2015)

Voltammetric scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) incorporates cyclic voltammetry measurements in the SECCM imaging protocol, by recording electrochemical currents in a wide potential window at each pixel in a map. This provides much more information compared to traditional fixed potential imaging. Data can be represented as movies (hundreds of frames) of current (over a surface region) at a series of potentials and are highly revealing of subtle variations in electrode activity. Furthermore, by combining SECCM data with other forms of microscopy, e.g. scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction data, it is possible to directly relate the current-voltage characteristics to spatial position and surface structure. In this work we use a "hopping mode", where the SECCM pipet probe is translated toward the surface at a series of positions until meniscus contact. Small amounts of residue left on the surface, upon probe retraction, demark the precise area of each measurement. We use these techniques to study hydrazine oxidation on a polycrystalline platinum substrate both in air and in a deaerated environment. In both cases, the detected faradaic current shows a structural dependence on the surface crystallographic orientation. Significantly, in the presence of oxygen (aerated solution) the electrochemical current decreases strongly for almost all grains (crystallographic orientations). The results highlight the flexibility of voltammetric SECCM for electrochemical imaging and present important implications for hydrazine electroanalysis.
Introduction of the rd29A: AtDREB2A CA gene into soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) and its molecular characterization in leaves and roots during dehydration (2013)

The loss of soybean yield to Brazilian producers because of a water deficit in the 2011-2012 season was 12.9%. To reduce such losses, molecular biology techniques, including plant transformation, can be used to insert genes of interest into conventional soybean cultivars to produce lines that are more tolerant to drought. The abscisic acid (ABA)-independent Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene family has been used to obtain plants with increased tolerance to abiotic stresses. In the present study, the rd29A:AtDREB2A CA gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was inserted into soybean using biolistics. Seventy-eight genetically modified (GM) soybean lines containing 2-17 copies of the AtDREB2A CA gene were produced. Two GM soybean lines (P1397 and P2193) were analyzed to assess the differential expression of the AtDREB2A CA transgene in leaves and roots submitted to various dehydration treatments. Both GM lines exhibited high expression of the transgene, with the roots of P2193 showing the highest expression levels during water deficit. Physiological parameters examined during water deficit confirmed the induction of stress. This analysis of AtDREB2A CA expression in GM soybean indicated that line P2193 had the greatest stability and highest expression in roots during water deficit-induced stress.
Paradigm Shifts in Ophthalmic Diagnostics. (2016)

This overview of paradigm shifts in ophthalmology suggests that the future will see significant improvements in ophthalmic diagnostics. The selected topics illustrate the principles of these paradigm shifts and should serve as a guide to further research and development. Indeed, successful implementation of these paradigm shifts in ophthalmology may provide useful guidance for similar developments in all of healthcare.
Interactive explanation of software systems (2002)

This paper describes an effort to provide automated support for the interactive inquiry and explanation process that is at the heart of software understanding. A hypermedia tool called I-Doc allows software engineers to post queries about a software system, and generates focused explanations in response. These explanations are task-oriented, i.e., they are sensitive to the software engineering task being performed by the user that led to the query. Task orientation leads to more effective explanations, and is particularly helpful for understanding large software systems. Empirical studies of inquiry episodes were conducted in order to investigate this claim; the kinds of questions users ask, their relation to the user's task and level of expertise. The I-Doc tool is being developed to embody these principles, employing knowledge-based techniques. The presentation mechanism employs World Wide Web (WWW) technology, making it suitable for widespread use.