gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards ensuring Satisfiability of Merged Ontology (2011)

The last decade has seen researchers developing efficient algorithms for the mapping and merging of ontologies to meet the demands of interoperability between heterogeneous and distributed information systems. But, still state-of-the-art ontology mapping and merging systems is semi-automatic that reduces the burden of manual creation and maintenance of mappings, and need human intervention for their validation. The contribution presented in this paper makes human intervention one step more down by automatically identifying semantic inconsistencies in the early stages of ontology merging. Our methodology detects inconsistencies based on structural mismatches that occur due to conflicts among the set of Generalized Concept Inclusions, and Disjoint Relations due to the differences between disjoint partitions in the local heterogeneous ontologies. We present novel methodologies to detect and repair semantic inconsistencies from the list of initial mappings. This results in global merged ontology free from ‘circulatory error in class/property hierarchy’, „common class/instance between disjoint classes error’, ‘redundancy of subclass/subproperty relations’, ‘redundancy of disjoint relations’ and other types of „semantic inconsistency’ errors. In this way, our methodology saves time and cost of traversing local ontologies for the validation of mappings, improves performance by producing only consistent accurate mappings, and reduces the user dependability for ensuring the satisfiability and consistency of merged ontology. The experiments show that the newer approach with automatic inconsistency detection yields a significantly higher precision.
Image‐based concrete crack assessment using mask and region‐based convolutional neural network (2019)

Recently, many countries have investigated replacing conventional visual inspection with computer-vision–based inspection to enhance the efficiency, speed, and objectivity of inspection. This paper presents a novel crack assessment framework for concrete structures that detects cracks using mask and region-based convolutional neural network (Mask R-CNN) and quantifies cracks using a few morphological operations on the detected crack masks. In this study, a Mask R-CNN is trained for crack detection using 1,102 crack regions masked on 376 concrete images. The trained Mask R-CNN model is tested on the images taken from a real concrete wall with 453 cracks whose widths range from less than 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm. The trained model successfully detects most of the cracks 0.3 mm or wider. Quantification of the cracks was then carried out using several image-processing operations on 10 randomly selected crack masks. Cracks with widths of 0.3 mm or more are quantified successfully with errors less than 0.1 mm, whereas cracks less than 0.3 mm widths show relatively larger error due to the limitation of image resolution.
Regulation of cytokine production during the expression phase of the anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity response (1994)

Effects of both positive and negative regulatory T cells on cellular infiltration and cytokine production during the expression phase of the anticryptococcal immune response were examined. Tamp cells, which are induced by cryptococcal antigen, significantly amplify the anticryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity response, whereas a cascade of T suppressor (Ts) cells inhibits the response and decreases the clearance of Cryptococcus neoformans during an infection. By using the gelatin sponge implantation model, we found that Tamp cells do not stimulate a significant increase in cellular infiltration into the sponges in response to cryptococcal antigen compared with that into delayed-type hypersensitivity-reactive sponges in immune control mice. However, Tamp cells do stimulate significant increases in the production of gamma interferon and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the antigen-injected sponges over the level of the representative cytokine in antigen-injected sponges from the immune control mice. Likewise, Ts1 cells, induced with cryptococcal antigen, do not significantly affect antigen-induced cellular infiltration into sponges in immune mice. In contrast, decreased levels of gamma interferon and IL-2 are observed in antigen-injected sponges from Ts1-cell-recipient, immunized mice compared with those of the positive immune controls. The presence of either Tamp or Ts1 cells in immunized mice stimulates increased production of IL-5 but not IL-4 over that of the positive immune controls.
Kernelizing PLS, degrees of freedom, and efficient model selection (2007)

Kernelizing partial least squares (PLS), an algorithm which has been particularly popular in chemometrics, leads to kernel PLS which has several interesting properties, including a sub-cubic runtime for learning, and an iterative construction of directions which are relevant for predicting the outputs. We show that the kernelization of PLS introduces interesting properties not found in ordinary PLS, giving novel insights into the workings of kernel PLS and the connections to kernel ridge regression and conjugate gradient descent methods. Furthermore, we show how to correctly define the degrees of freedom for kernel PLS and how to efficiently compute an unbiased estimate. Finally, we address the practical problem of model selection. We demonstrate how to use the degrees of freedom estimate to perform effective model selection, and discuss how to implement crossvalidation schemes efficiently.
Lanthanide triflate-catalyzed three component synthesis of α-amino phosphonates in ionic liquids. A catalyst reactivity and reusability study (2001)

The catalyst reactivity and reusability for the lanthanide triflate-catalyzed three component synthesis of alpha-amino phosphonates have been examined in room temperature ionic liquids, [bmim][X], in which the catalytic activities were very dependent on the counter anion, X, as well as on the phosphorus nucleophile, and moreover, the catalyst immobilized in an ionic liquid was reused several times without any loss of activity.
Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of Chiral<i>γ</i>-Ionone and Dihydro-<i>γ</i>-ionone (1987)

Journal Article Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry of Chiral γ-Ionone and Dihydro-γ-ionone Get access Takayuki Oritani, Takayuki Oritani Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kyohei Yamashita Kyohei Yamashita Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, Sendai 980, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Pages 1271–1275, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868186 Published: 01 May 1987 Article history Published: 01 May 1987 Received: 02 September 1989
Enhanced loss differentiation algorithms for use in tcp sources over heterogeneous wireless networks (2004)

Loss differentiation algorithms (LDA) are used to provide TCP with an estimate of the cause of packet losses, to improve performance over heterogeneous networks including wired and wireless links. In this work, we compared by simulation the accuracy of several LDA schemes in various realistic scenarios. We experienced that LDA schemes originally proposed in literature exhibit poor performance in estimating the cause of packet losses. Thus, we propose enhancements to the noncongestion packet loss detection (NCPLD) and Vegas schemes, achieving higher accuracy in all network scenarios. We shown that our proposed enhanced schemes approach reasonably ideal accuracy of LDA having perfect knowledge of the cause of packet losses. These results entail the possibility to adopt such algorithms within TCP congestion control, to achieve higher performance over heterogeneous wireless networks.
Use of condensate drain to pre-cool the inlet air to the condensers: A technique to improve the performance of split air-conditioning units (2012)

Abstract In hot ambient conditions, split air-conditioning (AC) systems experience a drop in their coefficient of performance and an increase in power consumption due to the direct relationship between the condensation temperature of the unit and the prevailing ambient temperature. In this work, the enhancement in the COP and the reduction in power consumption for a split AC unit are evaluated when a direct water spray evaporative cooling system is used. The study focuses on minimizing the amount of water needed to cool the condenser by utilizing the wasted water from the condensate drain, synchronizing the water injection with ON–OFF compressor operation, and determining the optimal hourly periods for the injection system to achieve a reduction in energy consumption. The objectives of this work are threefold. The first objective is to conduct experiments inside an environmental chamber to determine the effectiveness of the evaporative cooling system at different ambient conditions and to derive correlations that predict the outlet air conditions and the water consumption. The second objective is to develop an integrated mathematical model to simulate the performance of the evaporatively cooled split AC system in a controlled space under certain operational conditions (using steady-state performance data supplied by the manufacturer and taking into account the transient effect during the ON–OFF compressor cycling) and to experimentally validate this model. The third and final objective is to evaluate the model under "real environment conditions" for a case study where the thermal conditions and energy demand of a typical office space in Beirut during three months (June, August, and October) are investigated and where the "sufficiency" of drain water is the limiting factor. The simulation results have shown that the drain water would be sufficient in October only, resulting in 5.3% energy saving throughout the whole day. On the other hand, the synchronized spray of water is found to last for six operating hours in a June day and eight hours in August; this results in a total daily reduction in the consumed energy of 5% in June and 4.5% in August. Acknowledgment The financial support of the Lebanese ASHRAE Chapter is highly acknowledged. R. Sawan is Graduate Student. K. Ghali, PhD, Associate Member ASHRAE, is Associate Professor. M. Al-Hindi is Assistant Professor.
Stroke knowledge and awareness: an integrative review of the evidence (2009)

generally, levels of knowledge about recognising and preventing stroke were poor. Nevertheless, most participants stated they would contact the EMS at the onset of stroke symptoms.
Conjugated Linoleic Acid Enriched Skim Milk Prepared with <i>Lactobacillus Fermentum</i> DDHI27 Endorsed Antiobesity in Mice (2018)

Results inferred that PCLA exerted an antiobesity effect in diet-induced obese mice and may be further developed in the functional foods for the management of obesity.
Lithium Electrochemical Tuning for Electrocatalysis (2018)

Electrocatalysis is of great importance to a variety of energy conversion processes, where developing highly efficient catalysts is critical. While common strategies involve screening a wide range of materials with new chemical compositions or structures, a different approach to continuously, controllably, and effectively tune the electronic properties of existing catalytic materials for optimized activities has been demonstrated recently. Inspired by studies in lithium-ion batteries, systematical lithium electrochemical tuning (LiET) methods such as Li intercalation, extraction, cycling, and strain engineering, are employed to effectively tune the electronic structures of different existing catalysts and thus improve their catalytic activities dramatically. Herein, the advantages of the LiET method in electrocatalysis are introduced, and then some recent representative examples in improving the performances of important electrochemical reactions are reviewed briefly. Lastly, a few promising directions on extending the applications of the LiET method in electrocatalysis are proposed.
A phase II trial of biochemical modulation using N- phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate, high-dose methotrexate, high-dose 5-fluorouracil, and leucovorin in patients with adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site (1992)

Expected PRPP and UTP metabolite pool shifts were seen when biochemical modulation was performed with these drugs according to this schedule. Because toxicity was mild, more intense dose schedules of 5-FU are planned for future studies.
Bi-end dispersion compensation for ultralong optical communication system (1999)

Bi-end dispersion compensation (DC) for ultralong nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) optical transmission system is studied. Both the loss and dispersion of the transmission fiber are periodically compensated. Two dispersive elements are placed at the input and output ends of a compensation period, respectively, to compensate for fiber dispersion. The pulse compression owing to self-phase modulation (SPM) can be adjusted by the compensation ratios of the dispersive elements at the two ends of a compensation period. Therefore, the pulse compression can be optimized and the system performance can be improved to compare with the system with either pre- or postdispersion compensation. The rules to design the system are considered. The transmission system of 10-Gb/s bit rate, 9000-km transmission distance, and 100-km compensation period is taken as an example. The second-order fiber dispersion is assumed to be completely compensated. Wave equation is numerically solved to study the system performance which is represented by Q factor. The relations of several system parameters and Q factor are studied. The system parameters include the compensation ratios of the dispersive elements at the two ends of a compensation period, dispersion of transmission fiber, signal power, and the compensation ratios of third-order fiber dispersion. If the third-order fiber dispersion cannot be completely compensated, it is found that one can use a higher signal power to improve the system performance.
Seeking Proof Where the Subject is Ill-Defined and the Outcomes Limited (2008)

The authors of this study concludes that ethics education has a positive influence on moral confidence, moral action and the use of ethics resources by nurses and social workers.A crucial limitation of the study is that it does not provide any way for respondents to indicate what they understand by ethics nor the ethical content of their educational programs, thus we cannot properly assess the basis of the respondents confidence about their professional and ethical responsibilities.This is reinforced by the possibility that respondents' ethical understandings have been shaped by experiences independent of formal education programs.Moreover, the findings that inservice ethical training is strongly correlated with moral confidence and action are problematic because what counts as ethics, rather than law or hospital policy for example, is not elucidated.
Novel Gemini cationic lipids with carbamate groups for gene delivery (2014)

To obtain efficient non-viral vectors, a series of Gemini cationic lipids with carbamate linkers between headgroups and hydrophobic tails were synthesized. They have the hydrocarbon chains of 12, 14, 16 and 18 carbon atoms as tails, designated as G12, G14, G16 and G18, respectively. These Gemini cationic lipids were prepared into cationic liposomes for the study of the physicochemical properties and gene delivery. The DNA-bonding ability of these Gemini cationic liposomes was much better than their mono-head counterparts (designated as M12, M14, M16 and M18, respectively). In the same series of liposomes, bonding ability declined with an increase in tail length. They were tested for their gene-transferring capabilities in Hep-2 and A549 cells. They showed higher transfection efficiency than their mono-head counterparts and were comparable or superior in transfection efficiency and cytotoxicity to the commercial liposomes, DOTAP and Lipofectamine 2000. Our results convincingly demonstrate that the gene-transferring capabilities of these cationic lipids depended on hydrocarbon chain length. Gene transfection efficiency was maximal at a chain length of 14, as G14 can silence about 80 % of luciferase in A549 cells. Cell uptake results indicate that Gemini lipid delivery systems could be internalised by cells very efficiently. Thus, the Gemini cationic lipids could be used as synthetic non-viral gene delivery carriers for further study.
An ontology-based framework aiming to support personalized exercise prescription: Application in cardiac rehabilitation (2011)

Exercise constitutes an important intervention aiming to improve health and quality of life for several categories of patients. Personalized exercise prescription is a rather complicated issue, requiring several aspects to be taken into account, e.g. patient's medical history and response to exercise, medication treatment, personal preferences, etc. The present work proposes an ontology-based framework designed to facilitate healthcare professionals in personalized exercise prescription. The framework encapsulates the necessary domain knowledge and the appropriate inference logic, so as to generate exercise plan suggestions based on patient's profile. It also supports readjustments of a prescribed plan according to the patient's response with respect to goal achievement and changes in physical-medical status. An instantiation of the proposed framework for cardiac rehabilitation illustrates the virtue and the applicability of this work.
Solution of the traveling salesman problem with an adaptive ring (1988)

A ring of nodes adapts, using Kohonen learning, to form a complete circuit through N cities in the plane. The algorithm is simple because the topology of the solution is contained in the definition of the network and does not need to be imposed as an external constraint. A ten-city problem is used to demonstrate several variants of the basic algorithm which address different problems in the mapping of a Kohonen network to a discrete distribution. The algorithm is also applied to the thirty-city problem, and its performance is compared to that of other simple heuristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Parsimony Approach to Biological Pathway Reconstruction/Inference for Genomes and Metagenomes (2009)

A common biological pathway reconstruction approach -- as implemented by many automatic biological pathway services (such as the KAAS and RAST servers) and the functional annotation of metagenomic sequences -- starts with the identification of protein functions or families (e.g., KO families for the KEGG database and the FIG families for the SEED database) in the query sequences, followed by a direct mapping of the identified protein families onto pathways. Given a predicted patchwork of individual biochemical steps, some metric must be applied in deciding what pathways actually exist in the genome or metagenome represented by the sequences. Commonly, and straightforwardly, a complete biological pathway can be identified in a dataset if at least one of the steps associated with the pathway is found. We report, however, that this naïve mapping approach leads to an inflated estimate of biological pathways, and thus overestimates the functional diversity of the sample from which the DNA sequences are derived. We developed a parsimony approach, called MinPath (Minimal set of Pathways), for biological pathway reconstructions using protein family predictions, which yields a more conservative, yet more faithful, estimation of the biological pathways for a query dataset. MinPath identified far fewer pathways for the genomes collected in the KEGG database -- as compared to the naïve mapping approach -- eliminating some obviously spurious pathway annotations. Results from applying MinPath to several metagenomes indicate that the common methods used for metagenome annotation may significantly overestimate the biological pathways encoded by microbial communities.
The Structure of Efficient Demodulators for Multidimensional Phase Modulated Signals (1963)

The structure of optimum receivers for multilink diversity reception of analog, nonlinear modulated signals is outlined. The receivers are optimum in the sense that they are maximum a posteriori probability estimates (an unconditional maximum-likelihood estimate) of the signal over a finite time interval. For the single link case, Youla has developed a pair of integral equations which specify the optimum estimator. For the multiple-signal, multiple-link case, the corresponding two matrix integral equations have been developed by Thomas and Wong. In both cases, the authors treat the AM case in detail and indicate that the equations for the PM case suggest mechanization schemes. This paper is, in essence, a study of the multidimensional implementation schemes and some of their ramifications. Several useful modulation schemes are discussed. For the multilink PM case with additive white Gaussian noise, we show that the optimum demodulator reduces to a generalized maximal-ratio combiner cascaded with an optimum one-dimensional demodulator. The optimum one-dimensional demodulator contains a nonrealizable filter in the feedback loop. By replacing the loop with an iterative structure the nonrealizability is eliminated. Next, a common multiple-carrier modulation scheme <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PM_{n}/PM</tex> is discussed. The optimum demodulators are shown. Once again, these loops contain nonrealizable filters. Here it is also possible to replace the feedback structure with an iterative structure to eliminate the nonrealizability. Alternately, one can use realizable filters and have a suboptimal demodulation scheme. In currently used demodulation schemes, the threshold of the main carrier is a primary system limitation. A heuristic explanation of the apparent threshold improvement of these suboptimum demodulators is given. An extension of the analytical development from no-memory modulation schemes such as PM to integral modulation schemes such as FM requires some justification. However, in most modulation schemes, the modulation waveforms are passed through pre-emphasis networks before being modulated onto the carrier. For this case, we show that our estimators are essentially optimum for the multilink FM, and FM,/FM case.
Quantitative Determination of Raffinose in Mother Beets and Raw Beet Juices by Paper Chromatography (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative Determination of Raffinose in Mother Beets and Raw Beet Juices by Paper ChromatographyR. J. BrownCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 2, 384–388Publication Date (Print):February 18, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 18 February 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60062a032RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts