gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Color-Matching Ellipses (1971)

Three new sets of color-matching experiments have been made by three observers binocularly viewing a bipartite field (each half subtending 3°) of a three-primary colorimeter. Each set of color-matching data refers to 28 test colors scattered over the chromaticity gamut provided by the colorimeter. The luminance of each test color was 12 cd · m−2; the white surround (subtending 40°) was maintained at 6 cd · m−2. The elliptical cross sections (for Y = const) of the observed color-matching ellipsoids are compared with results previously published by MacAdam, and Brown and MacAdam. In view of the inherent experimental uncertainties of data of this kind, the new color-matching ellipses correlate well with those obtained by Brown, and Brown and MacAdam, but show significant deviations from those obtained by MacAdam's observer P. G. Nutting, Jr. The discrepancies are puzzling. A note of caution is added with regard to the usefulness of color-matching ellipses in testing line elements. A set of color-matching ellipses can reveal only little of the visual mechanism that governs the precision of color matching and its assumed direct correlation with judging small color differences. It appears that fundamentally different line elements can reproduce almost equally well a given set of color-matching ellipses.
Vinculin controls focal adhesion formation by direct interactions with talin and actin (2007)

Focal adhesions (FAs) regulate cell migration. Vinculin, with its many potential binding partners, can interconnect signals in FAs. Despite the well-characterized structure of vinculin, the molecular mechanisms underlying its action have remained unclear. Here, using vinculin mutants, we separate the vinculin head and tail regions into distinct functional domains. We show that the vinculin head regulates integrin dynamics and clustering and the tail regulates the link to the mechanotransduction force machinery. The expression of vinculin constructs with unmasked binding sites in the head and tail regions induces dramatic FA growth, which is mediated by their direct interaction with talin. This interaction leads to clustering of activated integrin and an increase in integrin residency time in FAs. Surprisingly, paxillin recruitment, induced by active vinculin constructs, occurs independently of its potential binding site in the vinculin tail. The vinculin tail, however, is responsible for the functional link of FAs to the actin cytoskeleton. We propose a new model that explains how vinculin orchestrates FAs.
A Frequent Concepts Based Document Clustering Algorithm (2010)

This paper presents a novel technique of document clustering based on frequent concepts. The proposed technique, FCDC (Frequent Concepts based document clustering), a clustering algorithm works with frequent concepts rather than frequent items used in traditional text mining techniques. Many well known clustering algorithms deal with documents as bag of words and ignore the important relationships between words like synonyms. the proposed FCDC algorithm utilizes the semantic relationship between words to create concepts. It exploits the WordNet ontology in turn to create low dimensional feature vector which allows us to develop a efficient clustering algorithm. It uses a hierarchical approach to cluster text documents having common concepts. FCDC found more accurate, scalable and effective when compared with existing clustering algorithms like Bisecting K-means , UPGMA and FIHC.
Feasibility Study of a Dual Density Mud System for Deepwater Drilling Operations (1997)

Abstract Recent successful exploration efforts in deep waters have heightened interest in-developing oil and gas reservoirs on the continental slope. Leases have been obtained in water depths up to 10,000 ft with a requirement that they be drilled within the next decade. Use of current techniques to drill these leases will require extremely large floating drilling units and large diameter marine riser systems. This paper presents the results of a feasibility study of the use of an automated gas-lift system for a marine riser that will maintain the hydrostatic pressure in the subsea well-head equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the seawater at the seafloor. Hydrostatic control of abnormal formation pressure could still -be maintained by a weighted mud system that is not gas cut below the seafloor. Such a dual density mud system could reduce drilling costs by reducing the number of casing strings required to drill the well and by reducing the diameter requirements of the marine riser and subsea blowout preventers. The system would have the advantages of riserless drilling without giving up the well control advantages of a closed, weighted mud system. A steady-state numerical model was developed that can be used to determine the gas injection requirements needed to achieve a desired dual density configuration. The numerical model was verified through tests conducted in a 6,000 foot research well. Once verified, the model was used to define the gas requirements and practical limits of a marine gas-lift system based on estimated additional costs of gas compression and nitrogen membrane filters. The practical limits are presented in terms of maximum mud density, water depth, and riser diameter combinations. The paper also discusses the operational changes that would be required for various drilling procedures such as making a connection, running casing, kick detection, and well control operations. Introduction Drilling operations in waters deeper than 3,000 ft are increasing throughout the world, and the industry is now looking into the challenges imposed by ultra-deep waters (&gt;7,000 ft). One of these challenges comes from the fact that the current technology relies on the use of marine risers to extend the well up to the drilling vessel, so the mud and tools can get in and out of the well in much the same way that is done on land However. when drilling with mud densities in excess of sea water density, the exposed sediments in the open borehole see a pressure tending to cause formation fracture that is affected by the full column of drilling fluid all the way up to the drilling vessel. The overburden pressure of the sediments tending to help resist formation breakdown is generated by sediment densities in excess of seawater hydrostatic only from the mud line down.
Tumor markers in patients with pancreatic carcinoma (1996)

Pretreatment CA 19-9 assays provide powerful independent and objective prognostic information.
Characterization of Steroid Production in Cultured Human Choriocarcinoma Cells* (1981)

Progesterone is the major steroid synthesized by the JEG-3, BeWo, and JAR cell lines of choriocarcinoma. A lesser amount of pregnenolone is produced. The 17alpha-hydroxy derivatives of these steroids are only minimally present in three lines. The addition of fetal calf serum to the culture medium modestly increases the synthesis of these steroids, but increases the quantity of 17beta-estradiol produced by 30- to 90-fold. The addition of dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, androstenedione, androstenediol, and testosterone was shown to stimulate 17beta-estradiol synthesis. There is a clear dose-response relationship between the amount of testosterone added and the quantity of 17beta-estradiol produced. These results indicate that 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase, 17beta-ol dehydrogenase, and aromatase are active in cultured choriocarcinoma cells, whereas 17beta-hydroxylase and 17-20 desmolase do not appear to be functional in these cells. It is concluded that the stereoidogenic capabilities of choriocarcinoma cells in culture are similar to those of the in vivo placenta and support their use as an experimental model of placental steroidogenesis.
A Filtering Diplexing Antenna for Dual-Band Operation With Similar Radiation Patterns and Low Cross-Polarization Levels (2016)

A novel filtering diplexing antenna for dual-band operation is presented. The antenna is composed of a slot-loaded patch and two resonators with a commonly used ground. Dog-bone-shaped slots are used on the ground for achieving broadside magnetic coupling and increasing the isolation between operating bands. The antenna design is based on a second-order Chebyshev bandpass filter synthesis. The proposed antenna exhibits high band-edge selectivity performance, low cross-polarization levels with half-power beamwidths greater than 86° for 2.4- and 5.2-GHz WLAN communication bands. The measured and simulated results are highly consistent.
Effect of pre‐immunization by killed <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> and <i>vaccae</i> on immunoglobulin E response in ovalbumin‐sensitized newborn mice (1999)

A recently advanced hypothesis suggests that decreased exposure to T-helper (Th) 1-inducing agents causes Th2-biased differentiation in response to concomitant allergens. We therefore examined the effect of pre-immunization with killed Mycobacterium bovis and killed M. vaccae which are known to be very potent inducers of Thl immune response, on serum IgE response in ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized newborn mice. Eighty-four newborn Balb/c mice were divided into four groups and were immunized intraperitoneally 24 h after birth with 50 microl of 5 x 10(4) colony-forming units (c.f.u.) of killed M. bovis in group I (M. bovis group, n = 19), with 25 microl of 2.5 x 10(8) c.f.u. of killed M. vaccae plus 25 microl of 5 x 10(4) c.f.u. of killed M. bovis in group II (M. vaccae + M. bovis group, n = 28) and with 50 microl of only phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in group III (no mycobacterial immunization, n = 18). No injection was applied to mice in group IV (control group, n = 19). Starting from 8 weeks of age, all mice except the control group were sensitized with 0.5 ml of 20 mg/ml OVA administered intraperitoneally 7 times every other day. Thirty days after the final injection, all animals except those in the control group were challenged with an aerosol of 2 mg/ml OVA. Forty-eight hours later, blood was collected from all mice for determination of serum IgE levels. A statistically significant difference was observed in the serum total IgE levels between groups III and IV (p = 0.0099), indicating that the mice were successfully sensitized with OVA. Serum total IgE values of the female mice in M. bovis group were found to be significantly lower than group III (p = 0.009), while no difference was observed in males. Serum total IgE levels of the M. vaccae + M. bovis group were found to be significantly lower than group III both in male and female mice (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Female values were even lower than controls (p = 0.0092). Pre-immunization in the newborn period with killed M. bovis alone or in addition to M. vaccae may potentially be helpful in down-regulating an IgE response.
Blind Navigation Assistance for Visually Impaired based on Local Depth Hypothesis from a Single Image (2013)

Assisting the visually impaired along their navigation path is a challenging task which drew the attention of several researchers. A lot of techniques based on RFID, GPS and computer vision modules are available for blind navigation assistance. In this paper, we proposed a depth estimation technique from a single image based on local depth hypothesis devoid of any user intervention and its application to assist the visually impaired people. The ambient space ahead of the user is captured by a camera and the captured image is resized for computational efficiency. The obstacles in the foreground of the image are segregated using edge detection followed by morphological operations. Then depth is estimated for each obstacle based on local depth hypothesis. The estimated depth map is then compared with the reference depth map of the corresponding depth hypothesis and the deviation of the estimated depth map from the reference depth map is used to retrieve the spatial information about the obstacles ahead of the user.
Crystals for Stellar Spectrometers (1974)

The principles of crystal evaluation as they apply to the special problems of x-ray astronomy are presented. A number of crystals were evaluated, and the energy dependence of the diffraction properties of (002) PET, (111) Ge, (101) ADP, (001) KAP, and (001) RAP are reported.
How do respiratory state and measurement method affect bra size calculations? (2006)

As respiratory state significantly affects bra sizes, it should be standardised during bra size measurements. A more valid and reliable bra sizing method should be developed, possibly using the breast hemi-circumference method for cup size estimations and raw under-bust chest circumference values for band size.
농업용 트랙터 디자인 개발 (2008)

본 연구의 목적은 내수와 수출을 모두 가능한 디자인 개발로 시작 되었다 이후 개발에 있어서 여러 디자인 과정을 거쳤으며 형상의 완벽한 구현을 위해 NC 과정과 FRP수지를 이용한 여러 단계를 거져 품평을 하였다. 이로써 감성적이면서 사용자 인터페이스 및 새로운 조형으로 디자인 되었으며, 모든 디자인 단계에서 디자이너가 참여하는 디자인 프로세스를 제시 하게 되었다. 이로써 트랙터 디자인 개발 프로세스를 구축함으로써 이후 계속적인 디자인 개발 단계에 유용하게 적용될 것이다.
Tamoxifen prevents bone loss in ovariectomized mice. (1991)

Bone density and mineral content of the femora were significantly decreased in ovariectomized mice compared with intact control animals. Tamoxifen treated ovariectomized mice did not develop any decrease either in the bone density or in calcium and phosphate content of the femora which were observed in ovariectomized mice. In addition, the weight of uterus in tamoxifen treated ovariectomized mice was the same as in intact controls. It was concluded that tamoxifen administered in vivo prevented the loss of bone mineral and uterus weight in ovariectomized mice and thus it showed a true estrogen like action in this respect.
Purchase Behavior Prediction in M-Commerce with an Optimized Sampling Methods (2015)

The Alibaba mobile recommendation competition aims at predicting the purchase behavior of users with the real users-commodities behavior data on Alibaba's m-commerce platform. In this paper, we regarded it as binary classification problems for each user/item pair, explored several important factors that closely related to purchase behaviors, extracted useful features from the data set, and made predictions with machine learning models in our experiment. Since some of the location information is missing in the data set, we proposed an algorithm to estimate the missing value of the data, Since purchase behaviors are extremely less than non-purchase behaviors, the data set is typically imbalanced. To deal with this problem, we proposed a novel and effective sampling method to undersampling the majority class. Without any blending strategies, our method achieves good F1-score result with a small training set using a single Gradient Boosting Decision Tree model, which achieved the top 10 result in the final leaderboard of the competition. After the competition, the team who won the third place shared their features to us for the purpose of experiment, which is larger and may avoid the danger of overfitting. With this feature set, our method achieved the state of art result 8.79% with a single model, which outperforms the best result 8.78% in the final leaderboard.
A new subspecies of <i>Acyrthosiphon malvae</i> (Mosley) (Homoptera: Aphidoidea) from <i>Poterium sanguisorba</i> L (1964)

Synopsis A new subspecies of Acyrthosiphon malvae is described from Poterium sanguisorba , and its biology is discussed in relation to the other subspecies of the complex.
Antibacterial Activity of antimycotic Miconazole against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (1999)

Miconazole was estimated to have a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.78 μg/ml against the methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The antibacterial activity of miconazole against MRSA was bacteriostatic in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth, but bacteriocidal in saline solution. The anti-MRSA activity of miconazole did not show a significant change under the susceptibility-testing conditions such as various inoculum sizes, pHs, or cations (Ca++ or Mg++) which was added to the medium. However, the anti-MRSA activity of miconazole was completely suppressed by lipophilic α-tocopherol (50 μg/ml), but definitely not by water-soluble ascorbic acid.
Modeling and Executing Service Interactions using an Agent-oriented Modeling Language. (2008)

Abstract. Modern information systems are considered as collection of independent units called services that interact with each other through the exchange of messages. This paper focuses on interactions from a more centralized or global perspective (i.e. choreography), validates the underlying approach to model interactions, and discusses how choreographies can be executed with an established agent-oriented programming language basing on the principles of model-driven development. 1
Effects of expression of human or bovine growth hormone genes on sperm production and male reproductive performance in four lines of transgenic mice (1992)

Reproductive performance was studied in transgenic males from lines expressing and transmitting four hybrid genes: mouse metallothionein-I/human growth hormone (GH) (MT/hGH), MT/hGH placental variant (MT/hGH.V), MT/bovine GH (MT/bGH) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase/bGH (PEPCK/bGH). Each male was exposed to three normal females for 1 week and to three different normal females for another week. Females were examined for vaginal plugs and necropsied on day 14 of pregnancy. Males were killed for analysis of organ weights, numbers of testicular spermatids, numbers of epididymal sperm and measurements of plasma glucose concentration. Fertility of MT/hGH and MT/hGH.V transgenic males was significantly lower than in normal males, primarily because most males failed to impregnate any females. In females that became pregnant, the numbers of corpora lutea, total fetuses and live fetuses did not differ from those in females mated to normal (nontransgenic) males. Fetal crown-rump length on day 14 of pregnancy did not differ between litters sired by normal or by transgenic males. Weights of testes and seminal vesicles were significantly greater in all four types of transgenic male, but daily sperm production per unit weight (g-1) of testis was not affected and epididymal sperm reserves were either normal or slightly higher than normal. Plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher in PEPCK/bGH mice than in other mice. Average or individual reproductive performance of transgenic males from the various lines did not correlate with any of the parameters examined except for significantly heavier seminal vesicles in MT/hGH and MT/hGH.V males than in normal males; these transgenic males exhibited a high incidence of infertility. Since hGH and hGH.V, but not bGH, are lactogenic in rodents, it was concluded that chronic stimulation of GH and prolactin receptors by ectopically produced human GHs in transgenic mice compromises male fertility by an unknown mechanism. Reduced fertility of transgenic males with MT/hGH or MT/hGH.V hybrid genes is due to failure to inseminate or impregnate females rather than to reduced numbers of spermatozoa or gross changes in the male reproductive system.
The chemistry of dinitrogen residues. Part 7. Hydrazido(1–)- and N,N-dimethylhydroxylaminato(1–)-complexes of titanium(<scp>IV</scp>) (1989)

The crystal structures of [Ti(C5H5)Cl2(NMeNMe2)], [Ti(C5H5)Cl2(ONMe2)], [Ti(C5H5)Cl2{NMeNMe-(SiMe3)}], and [TiCI2(NMeNMe2)2] have been determined. They are all very similar, with the hydrazido-(or hydroxylaminato-) residue bound side-on and asymmetrically in the usual way, and an N–N (or N–O) separation indicating a single bond. Some related dithiocarbamato-derivatives have also been characterized.
Contention resolution algorithm for common subexpression elimination in digital filter design (2005)

In this paper, a new algorithm, called contention resolution algorithm for weight-two subexpressions (CRA-2), based on an ingenious graph synthesis approach has been developed for the common subexpression elimination of the multiplication block of digital filter structures. CRA-2 provides a leeway to break away from the local minimum and the flexibility of varying optimization options through a new admissibility graph. It manages two-bit common subexpressions and aims at achieving the minimal logic depth as the primary goal. The performances of our proposed algorithm are analyzed and evaluated based on benchmarked finite-impulse-response filters and randomly generated data. It is demonstrated that CRA-2 achieves the shortest logic depth with significant reduction in the number of logic operators compared with other reported algorithms.
Slow viscous motion round a cylinder in a simple shear (1962)

The two-dimensional steady flow of an incompressible viscous liquid round a circular cylinder is described in terms of matched expansions valid asymptotically at low Reynolds number, the velocity field at large distances being a combination of a uniform simple shear and a uniform stream, relative to axes moving with the centre of the cylinder (but not rotating with it). An infinite number of terms are computed and summed. There is a transverse force on the cylinder, independent of its rate of rotation to the approximation considered here. At moderate and large distances the balance between convection and diffusion of vorticity is dominated by the shear, being quite different from that in a uniform stream alone. The rate of longitudinal diffusion of a substance released from an instantaneous line source in a simple shear alone is enhanced. Round a maintained line source for which the local convection velocity is parallel to that of the shear the concentration falls only algebraically with distance in all directions, though it is largest in twin wakes extending directly both upstream and downstream. If there is superposed a lateral convection, however small, at sufficiently large distances the concentration is exponentially small outside a wake centred on half a parabola. The two-dimensional perturbation velocity round any obstacle held in an unbounded simple shear at any Reynolds number is, at a sufficient distance, an irrotational cross flow decreasing as the inverse two-thirds power, associated with twin shear layers extending upstream and downstream. If there is a uniform lateral motion at large distances this conclusion is completely altered.
Effect of Custard-Apple Oil and Neem Oil on Survival of Nephotettix virescens (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and on Rice Tungro Virus Transmission1 (1983)

Oils extracted from sceds of custard-apple (Annona squamosa L.) and the Indian neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) were found to be highly effective in reducing the survival of a leafhopper N. virescens (Distant) and its transmission of the rice tungro virus (RTV). Mean percentages of insect survival on and RTV transmission to plants sprayed with oils at 5, 10, 20, 30, or 50% concentrations were significantly less than for control plants sprayed with water containing 0.1% Teepol liquid detergent. The higher the oil concentration, the lower was the insect survival and RTV transmission; however, after 3 and 2 days, respectively, differences among oil treatments were not significant. The insect failed to survive and transmit RTV to oil-sprayed plants beyond 3 days of exposure, but on control plants, the insect lived for more than 20 days and transmitted RTV up to 5 days. Thus, custard-apple oil and neem oil possess potential for suppression of RTV transmission by the vector.