gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct 3-<i>O</i>-Sulfated Heparan Sulfate Modification Patterns Are Required for<i>kal-1</i>−Dependent Neurite Branching in a Context-Dependent Manner in<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2013)

Heparan sulfate (HS) is an unbranched glycosaminoglycan exhibiting substantial molecular diversity due to multiple, nonuniformly introduced modifications, including sulfations, epimerization, and acetylation. HS modifications serve specific and instructive roles in neuronal development, leading to the hypothesis of a HS code that regulates nervous system patterning. Although the in vivo roles of many of the HS modifications have been investigated, very little is known about the function of HS 3-O-sulfation in vivo. By examining patterning of the Caenorhabditis elegans nervous system in loss of function mutants of the two 3-O-sulfotransferases, hst-3.1 and hst-3.2, we found HS 3-O-sulfation to be largely dispensable for overall neural development. However, generation of stereotypical neurite branches in hermaphroditic-specific neurons required hst-3.1, hst-3.2, as well as an extracellular cell adhesion molecule encoded by kal-1, the homolog of Kallmann Syndrome associated gene 1/anosmin-1. In contrast, kal-1-dependent neurite branching in AIY neurons required catalytic activity of hst-3.2 but not hst-3.1. The context-dependent requirement for hst-3.2 and hst-3.1 indicates that both enzymes generate distinct types of HS modification patterns in different cell types, which regulate kal-1 to promote neurite branching. We conclude that HS 3-O-sulfation does not play a general role in establishing the HS code in C. elegans but rather plays a specialized role in a context-dependent manner to establish defined aspects of neuronal circuits.
Polyethylene (2006)

No AccessPolymer ChemistryMay 2006PolyethyleneAndrew J. Peacock, Allison CalhounAndrew J. Peacock, Allison Calhounhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446433434.018SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2006Pages: 267-283Print ISBN: 978-3-446-22283-0eISBN: 978-3-446-43343-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2006 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
A hybrid approach to faceted classification based on analysis of descriptor suffixes (2005)

Abstract This study explores the construction of a faceted vocabulary that can be used as a mechanism for organizing Web‐based resources. After analyzing the manual process of faceted vocabulary construction using existing organizational structures to identify heuristics for automating the construction process, we modeled a hybrid, semi‐automatic approach to facet generation that integrates the strengths of manual and automatic methods. This approach is based on the organization of terms according to the meanings of their suffixes. Although this heuristic could not usefully organize the majority of terms of the lexicon bases to which it was applied, it nevertheless shows promise as a component of hybrid classification.
Polydnaviruses of Braconid Wasps Derive from an Ancestral Nudivirus (2009)

Many species of parasitoid wasps inject polydnavirus particles in order to manipulate host defenses and development. Because the DNA packaged in these particles encodes almost no viral structural proteins, their relation to viruses has been debated. Characterization of complementary DNAs derived from braconid wasp ovaries identified genes encoding subunits of a viral RNA polymerase and structural components of polydnavirus particles related most closely to those of nudiviruses--a sister group of baculoviruses. The conservation of this viral machinery in different braconid wasp lineages sharing polydnaviruses suggests that parasitoid wasps incorporated a nudivirus-related genome into their own genetic material. We found that the nudiviral genes themselves are no longer packaged but are actively transcribed and produce particles used to deliver genes essential for successful parasitism in lepidopteran hosts.
Basement Zone Antibodies in Bullous Pemphigoid (1967)

Indirect immunofluorescent (IF) staining revealed that in 14 of 16 patients with active lesions of bullous pemphigoid the sera contained antibodies specific for the basement zone beneath stratified squamous epithelium while the sera from six patients in remission contained no demonstrable antibodies. The sera of 18 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis and 94 patients with various bullous and nonbullous dermatoses yielded negative reactions to the basement zone by indirect IF staining. In four of five skin biopsy specimens from patients with bullous pemphigoid direct IF staining indicated that γ-globulin had been bound in vivo to the basement zone.
Sea lice as a density-dependent constraint to salmonid farming (2012)

Fisheries catches worldwide have shown no increase over the last two decades, while aquaculture has been booming. To cover the demand for fish in the growing human population, continued high growth rates in aquaculture are needed. A potential constraint to such growth is infectious diseases, as disease transmission rates are expected to increase with increasing densities of farmed fish. Using an extensive dataset from all farms growing salmonids along the Norwegian coast, we document that densities of farmed salmonids surrounding individual farms have a strong effect on farm levels of parasitic sea lice and efforts to control sea lice infections. Furthermore, increased intervention efforts have been unsuccessful in controlling elevated infection levels in high salmonid density areas in 2009-2010. Our results emphasize host density effects of farmed salmonids on the population dynamics of sea lice and suggest that parasitic sea lice represent a potent negative feedback mechanism that may limit sustainable spatial densities of farmed salmonids.
Escherichia coli genes affecting recipient ability in plasmid conjugation: Are there any? (2009)

We conclude from our genome-wide screen that recipient bacterial cells cannot avoid being used as recipients in bacterial conjugation. This is relevant as an indication of the problems in curbing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and suggests that conjugation acts as a pure drilling machine, with little regard to the constitution of the recipient cell.
On two-stage selection procedures and related probability-inequalities (1978)

Abstract In this paper we discuss a modification of the Dudewicz-Dalal procedure for the problem of selecting the population with the largest mean from k normal populations with unknown variances. We derive some inequalities and use them to lower-bound the probability of correct selection. These bounds are applied to the determination of the second-stage sample size which is required in order to achieve a prescribed probability of correct selection. We discuss the resulting procedure and compare it to that of Dudewicz and Dalai (1975). Keywords: normal meansunknown variancesprobability of correct selection
Thin film deposition of BST by pulsed ion beam evaporation (2003)

Ablation plasma generated by an intense, pulsed ion beam was used for thin-film deposition of commercially interesting materials such as (Ba/sub x/, Sr/sub 1-x/)TiO/sub 3/. The deposition has been carried out in vacuum and with the substrate at room temperature. The deposited thin films were analyzed by using RES, AFM, SEM and XRD. The analytical results have shown that this deposition technique is applicable to many kinds of materials with very high deposition rate and low cost.
Characterization of single calcium channels in Drosophila embryonic nerve and muscle cells (1991)

Voltage-activated Ca channels play a central role in synaptic transmission, control of cell excitability, and many other cellular processes. It is now clear that there are multiple types of Ca channels with various modes of modulation. Drosophila offers exceptional advantages for studying the molecular basis of the diversity and modulation of Ca channels. As a step in this study, we have characterized the single-channel Ba currents recorded from cell-attached patches on cultured embryonic Drosophila nerve and muscle cells. The voltage dependence and selectivity of the channels carrying these Ba currents identify them as Ca channels. All Ca channels found in Drosophila neurons appear to have the same voltage dependence of activation and similar single-channel conductance, 12-17 pS (100 mM Ba2+). However, the kinetic properties of individual Ca channels vary greatly. The mean open time of individual channels ranges from 2 msec to less than 0.2 msec. Some channels completely inactivate during the first half of a 90 msec depolarization, while others are more active in the second half. Many channels open during almost every depolarization, while others open in less than 20% of the depolarizations. Channels with longer open times tend to inactivate and open during a small fraction of depolarizations. When these kinetic properties were quantified, a continuum of values was found, instead of the clustering of values that might be expected for discrete types of channels. Muscle Ca channels form a more homogeneous class than do the neuronal Ca channels. The muscle Ca channel conductance is 18 pS. These channels do not inactivate during 90 msec depolarizations and open during a majority of depolarizations applied. Muscle Ca channels are similar to a subset of neuronal Ca channels. When a purified toxin from the spider Hololena curta is applied to neurons, the number of active Ca channels is reduced, and those channels still active open in a small fraction of depolarization. Since channels that open in a small fraction of depolarizations tend to inactivate, these data support the hypothesis that this toxin selectively blocks noninactivating neuronal Ca channels. This differential toxin sensitivity and the much larger variability observed in kinetic properties of neuronal, compared to muscle, Ca channels suggest that there are at least two types of neuronal Ca channels in Drosophila.
Chronic hypokalemia enhances expression of the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha 2-subunit gene in renal medulla (1996)

Recent molecular and physiological studies suggested that at least two H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-K(+)-ATPase) isozymes are expressed in the rat kidney and that these ion pumps respond to changes in dietary potassium balance. We used Northern analysis and in situ hybridization to analyze the expression of mRNA encoding the "colonic" isoform of the H(+)-K(+)-ATPase alpha-subunit (HK alpha 2) in normal and potassium-deprived (2 wk) rats. Control rats exhibited low levels of HK alpha 2 mRNA in the cortical and medullary thick ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, connecting segment, and the entire collecting duct. The potassium-deprived rats expressed approximately fivefold higher levels of HK alpha 2 mRNA in the outer and inner medulla compared with controls, as well as hypertrophy and increased in situ hybridization signal in the intercalated cells of the inner stripe of the outer medullary collecting duct and the proximal inner medullary collecting duct. In contrast, renal cortical expression of HK alpha 2 mRNA was low and comparable in the two groups. Our results suggest that enhanced expression of the HK alpha 2 subunit gene in the renal medulla contributes to potassium conservation during chronic hypokalemia.
Los herbicidas hoy no matan como los de antes (2007)

Endothelin-1 may have an antiarrhythmic potential through its direct electrophysiological effects on the PV cardiomyocytes and its action on multiple ionic currents.
XTS: A Mode of AES for Encrypting Hard Disks (2010)

The IEEE Security in Storage Working Group (SISWG) has developed the XTS mode of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) that the IEEE 1619-2007 standard defines. (XTS stands for XEX-based tweaked codebook mode with ciphertext stealing.) This mode works within the constraints of hard disks while keeping the security that the AES algorithm provides.
Generating massive complex networks with hyperbolic geometry faster in practice (2016)

Generative network models play an important role in algorithm development, scaling studies, network analysis, and realistic system benchmarks for graph data sets. The commonly used graph-based benchmark model R-MAT has some drawbacks concerning realism and the scaling behavior of network properties. A complex network model gaining considerable popularity builds random hyperbolic graphs, generated by distributing points within a disk in the hyperbolic plane and then adding edges between points whose hyperbolic distance is below a threshold. We present in this paper a fast generation algorithm for such graphs. Our experiments show that our new generator achieves speedup factors of 3-60 over the best previous implementation. One billion edges can now be generated in under one minute on a shared-memory workstation. Furthermore, we present a dynamic extension to model gradual network change, while preserving at each step the point position probabilities.
Simultaneous Etching and Doping of TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanowire Arrays for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Performance (2013)

We developed a postgrowth doping method of TiO2 nanowire arrays by a simultaneous hydrothermal etching and doping in a weakly alkaline condition. The obtained tungsten-doped TiO2 core-shell nanowires have an amorphous shell with a rough surface, in which W species are incorporated into the amorphous TiO2 shell during this simultaneous etching/regrowth step for the optimization of photoelectrochemical performance. Photoanodes made of these W-doped TiO2 core-shell nanowires show a much enhanced photocurrent density of ~1.53 mA/cm(2) at 0.23 V vs Ag/AgCl (1.23 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), almost 225% of that of the pristine TiO2 nanowire photoanodes. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement and the density functional theory calculation demonstrate that the substantially improved performance of the dual W-doped and etched TiO2 nanowires is attributed to the enhancement of charge transfer and the increase of charge carrier density, resulting from the combination effect of etching and W-doping. This unconventional, simultaneous etching and doping of pregrown nanowires is facile and takes place under moderate conditions, and it may be extended for other dopants and host materials with increased photoelectrochemical performances.
Automatically Joining Pictures to Multiple Taxonomies (Extended Abstract). (2010)

Automatically providing semantics to multimedia objects is still a major open problem. In this paper we describe recent advances within this context and how they have been implemented within the Scenique image retrieval and browsing system. Scenique is based on a multi-dimensional model, where each dimension is a tree-structured taxonomy of concepts, also called semantic tags, that are used to describe the content of images. We describe an original algorithm that, by exploiting low-level visual features, tags, and metadata associated to an image, is able to predict a high-quality set of semantic tags for that image.
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters as emerging targets in modulation of neural stem cells behavior in neurodegenerative diseases and cell therapy benefits (2014)

Increasing incidence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders has become a major challenge for both basic and clinical scientific society to develop novel therapeutic models for treatment. The knowledge of stem cells has added a new dimension in the research towards finding more appropriate targets responsible for the disease fate determination. As stem cell research is progressing day by day in routine research laboratories there is great hope to find suitable therapeutic targets for complete cure of the CNS disorders. Discovery of ABC transporters in animal tissues has emerged as new spot for several disease prognosis and therapeutic target. ABC transporters are membrane proteins expressed in various organs like liver, kidney, blood-brain barrier, blood-testis barrier etc. It is involved in various important cellular processes such as absorption, distribution and excretion of drugs, xenobiotics and endogenous compounds showing their role in tissue defense and organ regeneration. The current review explains about the role of ABC transporters in CNS pathogenesis and defense adding stem cells therapeutic strategies.
Recent Developments in the Doctrine of Abstention (1965)

HE doctrine of abstention is a "judge-fashioned vehicle"' of equitable origin 2 whereby a federal court, motivated by principles of comity or by a desire to avoid premature constitutional adjudication, 8 declines to proceed in a case over which it has jurisdiction and remits all or part of the controversy to a state court.In the interests of comity federal courts have been directed not to interfere with state criminal prosecutions, 4 collection of state revenues 0 and, in certain instances, actions of state administrative agencies 0 and officials."The desire to avoid premature 8 and perhaps unnecessary constitutional adjudication has prompted federal courts to abstain when federal constitutional issues might be rendered moot 9 by a state court's determination of uncertain state law.' 0 This comment
Evaluation of Methods for Control of Vegetation in Utility Corridors (2014)

Vegetation management programs are now one of the largest budget items for most of the utility companies in the United States. Control methods used in line clearance activities include mechanical trimming, planting management, or use of tree growth regulators (chemicals that suppress the production of gibberellins, the plant hormones that control stem elongation). Choosing the appropriate control method is a decision that vegetation program managers should take based on many factors, like costs, environmental impacts, existing agreements with the landowners, terrain, public perception etc. To find a balance between competing interests – a reliable and economic electric system on one side, and public perceptions and environmental concerns on the other, a successful program must use a combination of control methods.
Failure Avoidance in MPI Applications Using an Application-Level Approach (2012)

Execution times of large-scale computational science and engineering parallel applications are usually longer than the mean-time-between-failures. For this reason, hardware failures must be tolerated by the applications to ensure that not all computation done is lost on machine failures. Checkpointing and rollback recovery is one of the most popular techniques to provide fault tolerance support to parallel applications. However, when a failure occurs, most checkpointing mechanisms require a complete restart of the parallel application from the last checkpoint. New advances in the prediction of hardware failures have led to the development of proactive process migration approaches, where tasks are migrated in a preventive way when node failures are anticipated, avoiding the restart of the whole application. The work presented in this paper extends an application-level checkpointing framework to proactively migrate message passing interface (MPI) processes when impending failures are notified, without having to restart the entire application. The main features of the proposed solution are: low overhead in failure-free executions, avoiding the checkpoint dumping associated to rolling back strategies; low overhead at migration time, by means of the design of a light and asynchronous protocol to achieve a consistent global state; transparency for the user, thanks to the use of a compiler tool and a runtime library and portability, as it is not locked into a particular architecture, operating system or MPI implementation.
CARRYING OF SCHOOL BAGS BY CHILDREN (1965)

Studies have been conducted to determine the most economical way of carrying school bags by children. Six schoolboys between 9 and 15 years of age were used as subjects. They were made to march at 2.5 mph carrying school bags weighing 6 lb in four different positions, i.e. rucksack, low back, across the shoulder, and in the hand. Minute ventilation, oxygen consumption and pulse rate were recorded during the steady state of marching. The rise in those measures was found to be minimal when the bag was carried in rucksack fashion, and maximum values were found when it was carried in the hand; the low back and the side positions being intermediate.
Case grammar: Development of the matrix model (1979)

Model case grammar adalah secara esensial sebuah deskripsi predikat dan alasan yang diperlukan oleh makna-makna predikat ini dalam deskripsi semantik kalimat. Dengan menyelidiki struktur semantik, sistem-sistem kasus dapat menghubungkan satun permukaan struktur terhadap banyak struktur semantik dan satu struktur semantik terhadap banyak struktur permukaan. Adalah dalam lingkup menerangkan paragrasa dan ambiguitas di mana model ini mampu membangun hubungan yang tidak bias dibangun pada basis sintaksis secara sendirian. jadi, relitas semantik memiliki korelasi sintaksis yang sangat penting dan akan berguna dalam mengungkapkan regularitas dan bukan sebaliknya. Buku ini terdiri dari tiga belas makalah yang diterbitkan antara 1970 sampai 1978, yang berisi ulasan terhadap penjejakan perkembangan case grammar matrix model
Association of Hypertension with β <sub>2</sub> - and α <sub>2c10</sub> -Adrenergic Receptor Genotype (1996)

The adrenergic receptors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. We hypothesized that hypertension is associated with variants at the beta2-adrenergic receptor locus and at one of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor loci. In unrelated individuals, we measured untreated blood pressure and characterized each subject as hypertensive or normotensive. We then used genomic DNA to identify beta2- and alpha2c10-adrenergic receptor restriction fragment length polymorphisms. In 175 subjects (49 percent with hypertension, 55 percent black), both hypertension and race were associated with genotype at the beta2 locus (chi2 for hypertension = 11, P = .004, chi2 for race = 8.8, P = .012). The association with hypertension persisted in each race group separately (blacks only: chi2 = 9.6, P = .008; whites only; chi2 = 14.2, P = .001). This association persisted in a logistic model that controlled for race (P = .01). Genotype was also significantly associated with baseline systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures (P = .05, .01, and .02, respectively). These data suggest that the beta2-adrenergic receptor gene is a candidate gene for hypertension in blacks and whites. We also genotyped subjects at the alpha2-adrenergic receptor coded on chromosome 10. There was no association between hypertension and genotype at the alpah2c10 locus in the total group or in blacks, but there was significant association in whites (chi2 = 6.7, P = .03). These data suggest that the beta2- and alph2c10-adrenergic receptor genes may contribute, in a race-specific manner, to the inheritance of essential hypertension. Linkage studies in related individuals are needed to confirm these findings.
Assessment of Circulating Tumor Cells as a Predictive Biomarker of Histology in Women With Suspected Ovarian Cancer (2017)

CTCs were more prevalent in patients with metastases to the ovary than in primary ovarian carcinomas.