gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Organic Acids, Free Amino Acids and Sugars Compositions in Ume(Prunus mume) Extract, and Change of Their Component during Preparation Process of Ume Extract. (1995)

Ume extract is a dark brown and very sour paste which is produced by boiling down fresh ume (young fruits of Prunus mume) juice. The composition of homemade ume extract was analysed with regard to free amino acids, organic acids, sugars and sugar alcohols. Fifty grams of ume extract was made from 1 kg of fresh ume. In all samples the major components were found to be malic acid and citric acid, which amounted to 40-53%. However, the molar ratio of malic acid to citric acid differed according to the time of harvest and the variety of ume. Content of free amino acids was 0.6-1% by weight, the major part of which was asparagine. The major sugars found in fresh juice were fructose, glucose and sucrose. The browning and rapid decrease in both free amino acids and sugars at the final stage of the concentration process suggested the progress of the Maillard reaction. The presence of pheophytin a was also suggested.
Drosophila Krüppel gene product produced in a baculovirus expression system is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds to DNA. (1987)

The product of the Drosophila segmentation gene Krüppel was produced in cultured insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. When a cloned Krüppel cDNA sequence was inserted into the viral genome downstream from the promoter of the polyhedrin gene, a polypeptide with an apparent molecular weight of approximately equal to 72,000 was observed in the nuclei of infected cells. Antibodies were raised against this protein and used to detect Krüppel in Drosophila embryos. Characterization of the Krüppel protein extracted from infected cells showed that it is tightly bound to the nucleus, it binds to calf thymus DNA-cellulose, and it is phosphorylated. These results support the hypothesis that Krüppel is a regulatory protein that acts by binding DNA.
Micro Strategy and Strategizing: Towards an Activity‐Based View (2003)

abstract This introductory paper provides a background to the origins, themes and papers of this Special Issue on Micro Strategy and Strategizing. Our overarching argument is that, while the field of strategy has traditionally concentrated on the macro‐level of organizations, it needs now to attend to much more micro‐level phenomena. We propose an activity‐based view of strategy that focuses on the detailed processes and practices which constitute the day‐to‐day activities of organizational life and which relate to strategic outcomes. The paper develops this view by considering two bodies of theory, those of the resource based view and institutionalism; two bodies of empirical work, those on corporate diversification and structure; and finally the process tradition of strategy research. The paper identifies the benefits of the activity‐based view and introduces some challenges for further research. It concludes by introducing the papers in this Special Issue.
Spinal decompressive procedures and dorsal compartment injuries: comparative biomechanical study in canine cadavers. (1988)

Effects of decompressive procedures or dorsal injuries on flexion-extension, 4-point bending properties of the L-3 and L-4 motion segment in dogs were quantitated and compared. Hemilaminectomy did not significantly (P less than 0.05) affect mechanical properties of the spine. Bilateral facetectomy caused a small increase in the range of motion and a 56% decrease in ultimate bending strength. Excision of the supraspinous and interspinous ligaments decreased the flexural stiffness of the spine, increased the range of motion of the interspace, and decreased ultimate flexion bending strength 62%. Dorsal laminectomy caused a marked decrease in spine stiffness in all phases of flexion and extension, increased the range of motion, and decreased ultimate flexion bending strength 75%. Seemingly, a hemilaminectomy was preferable to the dorsal laminectomy if adequate decompression and exploration were achieved with the hemilaminectomy.
Design and Reliability in Wafer Level Packaging (2008)

Wafer Level Packaging (WLP) has the highest potential for future single chip packages because the WLP is intrinsically a chip size package. The package is completed directly on the wafer then singulated by dicing for the assembly. All packaging and testing operations of the dice are replaced by whole wafer fabrication and wafer level testing. Therefore, it becomes more cost-effective with decreasing die size or increasing wafer size. However, due to the intrinsic mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between silicon chip and plastic PCB material, solder ball reliability subject to temperature cycling becomes the weakest point of the technology. In this paper some fundamental principles in designing WLP structure to achieve the robust reliability are demonstrated through a comprehensive study of a variety of WLP technologies. The first principle is the 'structural flexibility' principle. The more flexible a WLP structure is, the less the stresses that are applied on the solder balls will be. Ball on polymer WLP, Cu post WLP, polymer core solder balls are such examples to achieve better flexibility of overall WLP structure. The second principle is the 'local enhancement' at the interface region of solder balls where fatigue failures occur. Polymer collar WLP, and increasing solder opening size are examples to reduce the local stress level. In this paper, the reliability improvements are discussed through various existing and tested WLP technologies at silicon level and ball level, respectively. The fan-out wafer level packaging is introduced, which is expected to extend the standard WLP to the next stage with unlimited potential applications in future.
Early Detection of Voltage Instability in Distribution System utilizing Phasor Measurement Units (2017)

Power system automation leads to a great jump in detecting and solving the system problems. Due to the serious problems of system voltage collapse, an early prediction online voltage instability detector is discussed in this paper. The voltage instability detector utilizes the voltage and current phasor readings of connected phasor measurement units to the distribution terminals. The detector works according to two parallel algorithms. The first algorithm is a comparison for terminal current and voltage phasors with an offline calculated Look-up table, in which particle swarm optimization technique is used. The Look-up table represents the permissible maximum current and minimum voltage phasors for each terminal. The second algorithm is based on the online computation of the ratio of the Thevenin equivalent system impedance to the terminal load impedance. The simulated voltage detector is applied to two different unified power systems. It gives good and reasonable results.
Zoonotic hepatitis E: animal reservoirs and emerging risks (2010)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for enterically-transmitted acute hepatitis in humans with two distinct epidemiological patterns. In endemic regions, large waterborne epidemics with thousands of people affected have been observed, and, in contrast, in non-endemic regions, sporadic cases have been described. Although contaminated water has been well documented as the source of infection in endemic regions, the modes of transmission in non-endemic regions are much less known. HEV is a single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus which is classified in the Hepeviridae family with at least four known main genotypes (1-4) of mammalian HEV and one avian HEV. HEV is unique among the known hepatitis viruses, in which it has an animal reservoir. In contrast to humans, swine and other mammalian animal species infected by HEV generally remain asymptomatic, whereas chickens infected by avian HEV may develop a disease known as Hepatitis-Splenomegaly syndrome. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are found exclusively in humans while genotypes 3 and 4 are found both in humans and other mammals. Several lines of evidence indicate that, in some cases involving HEV genotypes 3 and 4, animal to human transmissions occur. Furthermore, individuals with direct contact with animals are at higher risk of HEV infection. Cross-species infections with HEV genotypes 3 and 4 have been demonstrated experimentally. However, not all sources of human infections have been identified thus far and in many cases, the origin of HEV infection in humans remains unknown.
Multiple network fusion using fuzzy logic (1995)

Multiplayer feedforward networks trained by minimizing the mean squared error and by using a one of c teaching function yield network outputs that estimate posterior class probabilities. This provides a sound basis for combining the results from multiple networks to get more accurate classification. This paper presents a method for combining multiple networks based on fuzzy logic, especially the fuzzy integral. This method non-linearly combines objective evidence, in the form of a network output, with subjective evaluation of the importance of the individual neural networks. The experimental results with the recognition problem of on-line handwriting characters show that the performance of individual networks could be improved significantly.
Kit: a study in operating system verification (1989)

The author reviews Kit, a small multitasking operating system kernel written in the machine language of a uniprocessor von Neumann computer. The kernel is proved to implement on this shared computer a fixed number of conceptually distributed communicating processes. In addition to implementing processes, the kernel provides the following verified services: process scheduling, error handling, message passing, and an interface to asynchronous devices. As a by-product of the correctness proof, security-related results such as the protection of the kernel from tasks and the inability of tasks to enter supervisor mode are proved. The problem is stated in the Boyer-Moore logic, and the proof is mechanically checked with the Boyer-Moore theorem prover.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A high performance transparent inverted organic light emitting diode with 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile as an organic buffer layer (2012)

A high performance transparent inverted organic light emitting device with a total maximum luminance efficiency of 67 cd A−1 and power efficiency of 67 lm W−1 was realized using 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HATCN) as an organic buffer material. HATCN, a discoid organic molecule, effectively protected the underlying organic emission layers from damage caused by sputter deposition of the indium zinc oxide top electrode, and simultaneously showed good hole injection performance from the transparent top electrode into an organic hole transporting layer. Moreover, transparent inverted OLEDs show an average transmittance of around 81% in the visible range; this value is very close to that of ITO/glass itself.
Application of fuzzy expert system in test case selection for system regression test (2005)

Effective system test for consecutive releases of modern telecommunications system relies heavily on the selection of the test cases, because running all test cases in an existing test suite will consume an inordinate amount of time and money. Although many test selection techniques have been proposed on how to select test cases so that the number of test cases does not grow too large as the software evolves, to our knowledge they are all based on the assumption that the analysis of the source code is available. Very few studies have been made to explore the possibility of selecting test cases when the information of the source code is not available to testers. We present using fuzzy expert systems to solve the problem. The fuzzy expert system will resemble a human judgment via correlating knowledge that represents one or more of the following: customer profile, analysis of past test results, system failure rate, and wherever possible change in system architecture, to identify potentially critical test cases for system test. We piloted this fuzzy expert system in large telecommunication systems and the results showed that test effectiveness and efficiency was significantly improved.
Chemical camouflage of antigenic determinants: Stealth erythrocytes (1997)

In a number of clinical circumstances it would be desirable to artificially conceal cellular antigenic determinants to permit survival of heterologous donor cells. A case in point is the problem encountered in transfusions of patients with rare blood types or chronically transfused patients who become allosensitized to minor blood group determinants. We have tested the possibility that chemical modification of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane might serve to occlude antigenic determinants, thereby minimizing transfusion reactions. To this end, we have covalently bound methoxy(polyethylene glycol) (mPEG) to the surface of mammalian RBC via cyanuric chloride coupling. Human RBC treated with this technique lose ABO blood group reactivity as assessed by solution-phase antisera agglutination. In accord with this, we also find a profound decrease in anti-blood group antibody binding. Furthermore, whereas human monocytes avidly phagocytose untreated sheep RBC, mPEG-derivatized sheep RBC are ineffectively phagocytosed. Surprisingly, human and mouse RBC appear unaffected by this covalent modification of the cell membrane. Thus, mPEG-treated RBC are morphologically normal, have normal osmotic fragility, and mPEG-derivatized murine RBC have normal in vivo survival, even following repeated infusions. Finally, in preliminary experiments, mPEG-modified sheep RBC intraperitoneally transfused into mice show significantly improved (up to 360-fold) survival when compared with untreated sheep RBC. We speculate that similar chemical camouflage of intact cells may have significant clinical applications in both transfusion (e.g., allosensitization and autoimmune hemolytic disease) and transplantation (e.g., endothelial cells and pancreatic beta cells) medicine.
Hepatitis B vaccination in HIV-infected adults: current evidence, recommendations and practical considerations (2009)

Immunization with hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine is recommended for all HIV-infected individuals without immunity to HBV. This patient population, however, has relatively poor HBV vaccine responses. Factors associated with this impaired HBV vaccine response in HIV-infected individuals may include older age, uncontrolled HIV replication, and low nadir CD4 cell count. Postvaccination testing for HBV surface antibody is recommended and vaccine non-responders should undergo repeat immunization with a full series. The benefit of double dosage, the appropriate strategy for HIV-infected patients with isolated HBV core antibody and the timing and number of vaccinations in persons with advanced immunosuppression on highly active antiretroviral therapy remain controversial areas.
CONNECTIVE TISSUE CATCH IN ECHINODERMS (1984)

Summary (1) Catch connective tissue is defined as the collagenous connective tissue whose mechanical properties can be changed rapidly (in seconds or minutes) under nervous control. (2) Catch connective tissues are found in all five classes of Echinodermata. They function in tone control of the tissues and in autotomy. (3) The change in mechanical properties occurs in viscosity. (4) Muscle cells are not responsible for the viscosity change. (5) The viscosity change is controlled by nervous activities. Neurosecretory‐like cells with large electron‐dense granules are found in all the catch connective tissues so far studied. (6) The viscosity change is quite likely caused by the change in the ionic environment in the connective tissues, which alters the weak (non‐covalent) interactions between extracellular macromolecules in the tissue.
A Comparison of Publicly Available Tools for Static Intrusion Prevention (2002)

The size and complexity of today&apos;s software systems is growing, increasing the number of bugs and thus the possibility of security vulnerabilities. Two common attacks against such vulnerabilities are buffer overflow and format string attacks. In this paper we implement a testbed of 44 function calls in C to empirically compare five publicly available tools for static analysis aiming to stop these attacks. The results show very high rates of false positives for the tools building on lexical analysis and very low rates of true positives for the tools building on syntactical and semantical analysis.
Myrmicarin 430A: a new heptacyclic alkaloid from Myrmicaria ants (1996)

A heptacyclic alkaloid, myrmicarin 430A. showing an entirely new carbon skeleton made up two unbranched C15-chains, is identified from the poison gland secretion of African Myrmicaria ants by NMR spectroscopy.
Semantics-based compiler transformations for enhanced schedulability (2002)

We present TCEL (time-constrained event language), whose timing semantics is based solely on the constrained relationships between observable events. Using this semantics, the unobservable code can be automatically moved to convert an unschedulable task set into a schedulable one. We illustrate this by an application of program-slicing, which we use to automatically tune control-domain systems driven by rate monotonic scheduling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efecto de un trabajo de aprendizaje del ciclo estiramiento - acortamiento en el lanzamiento de disco (2003)

Se estudio el efecto de un trabajo de aprendizaje de la utilizacion del ciclo estiramiento - acortamiento de la musculatura flexora - extensora del pie a traves de ejercicios de tecnica de carrera sobre la fase de desplazamiento del lanzamiento de disco. Tres lanzadores juveniles (16-18 anos) realizaron tras el calentamiento un trabajo de aprendizaje de tres dias por semana durante 15 semanas. Antes y despues del trabajo de aprendizaje se realizaron dos pruebas: un de reactividad o rebound test adaptado a partir de Bosco, donde se midio la altura alcanzada y el tiempo de duracion de las fases excentrica y concentrica, y un lanzamiento de disco, donde se realizo un analisis temporal de las fases del mismo. En el post-test se observo una mejora en los indices de implicacion de fuerza de forma aislada (test de reactividad) pero esta no implico una reduccion de la fase de apoyo simple en el lanzamiento de disco.
Combinations of biocontrol agents for management of plant-parasitic nematodes and soilborne plant-pathogenic fungi. (2002)

Numerous microbes are antagonistic to plant-parasitic nematodes and soilborne plant-pathogenic fungi, but few of these organisms are commercially available for management of these pathogens. Inconsistent performance of applied biocontrol agents has proven to be a primary obstacle to the development of successful commercial products. One of the strategies for overcoming inconsistent performance is to combine the disease-suppressive activity of two (or more) beneficial microbes in a biocontrol preparation. Such combinations have potential for more extensive colonization of the rhizosphere, more consistent expression of beneficial traits under a broad range of soil conditions, and antagonism to a larger number of plant pests or pathogens than strains applied individually. Conversely, microbes applied in combination also may have antagonistic interactions with each other. Increased, decreased, and unaltered suppression of the target pathogen or pest has been observed when biocontrol microbes have been applied in combination. Unfortunately, the ecological basis for increased or decreased suppression has not been determined in many cases and needs further consideration. The complexity of interactions involved in the application of multiple organisms for biological control has slowed progress toward development of successful formulations. However, this approach has potential for overcoming some of the efficacy problems that occur with application of individual biocontrol agents.
Time Series Techniques for Economists (1990)

The application of time series techniques in economics has become increasingly important, both for forecasting purposes and in the empirical analysis of time series in general. In this book, Terence Mills not only brings together recent research at the frontiers of the subject, but also analyses the areas of most importance to applied economics. It is an up-to-date text which extends the basic techniques of analysis to cover the development of methods that can be used to analyse a wide range of economic problems. The book analyses three basic areas of time series analysis: univariate models, multivariate models, and non-linear models. In each case the basic theory is outlined and then extended to cover recent developments. Particular emphasis is placed on applications of the theory to important areas of applied economics and on the computer software and programs needed to implement the techniques. This book clearly distinguishes itself from its competitors by emphasising the techniques of time series modelling rather than technical aspects such as estimation, and by the breadth of the models considered. It features many detailed real-world examples using a wide range of actual time series. It will be useful to econometricians and specialists in forecasting and finance and accessible to most practitioners in economics and the allied professions.
La inter- trans- multi- disciplinariedad: Una alternativa al pensamiento fragmentado y a la enseñanza dictatorial! (2002)

La cultura cientifica occidental ha logrado el desarrollo del conocimiento, la tecnica y el bienestar que hoy tenemos, pero ha llegado a un punto critico, en el cual esas cosas que ha generado han llegado a una crisis que necesariamente lleva a bifurcaciones, proposiciones, cambios e innovaciones. Esta ciencia ha generado maneras particulares de percibir y ensenar el mundo y sus eventos: la reduccion del conocimiento a una de sus parcelas y la disyuncion de los mismos. Estos aspectos conllevan serias consecuencias cognitivas y practicas como la fragmentacion del saber en ciencias y disciplinas aisladas unas de otras, el determinismo, la unilinealidad y la expulsion del sujeto de toda actividad ognoscente, lo cual nos atane aqui y ahora en nuestra practica pedagogica
Real-Time Streaming Communication With Optical Codes (2016)

Optical codes have long been used to carry small amounts of static data, such as URLs, IDs or other short binary sequences. In this paper, we experiment on the use of sequences of optical codes to form a one-way communication channel. In this context, a sender is made of a surface displaying rapidly changing codes, which are picked up by a receiver's camera and converted back into a binary data stream. After presenting experimental results seeking the combination of frame rate, code size, and error correction level maximizing effective bandwidth, we describe the implementation of a robust communication protocol designed, specifically for lossy, simplex, and low-bandwidth data links. Our findings indicate that such a protocol is sufficient for carrying at least voice-quality audio in real time.
Du renforcement de l'assertion à la concession : variations d'emploi de certes (1997)

Adam Jean-Michel. Du renforcement de l'assertion à la concession : variations d'emploi de certes . In: L'Information Grammaticale, N. 73, 1997. pp. 3-9.