gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Singly-resonant continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator pumped by a diode laser (2003)

Summary form only given. Singly-resonant continuous-wave (CW) optical parametric oscillators (SROs) have favourable properties in respect to power stability and wavelength tunability. A disadvantage is, however, the high pump power at threshold. The operation of singly resonant CW OPOs thus requires multiwatt laser radiation in a beam of good spectral and spatial quality. For this reason the CW SROs reported so far used high power solid-state lasers as pump sources. In the paper we present, to our knowledge, the first singly-resonant CW OPO which is directly pumped by a high power diode laser. The OPO is based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN).
Single mode green lasing and multicolor luminescent emission from an Er<sup>3+</sup>-Yb<sup>3+</sup> co-doped compound fluorosilicate glass microsphere resonator (2018)

Enhanced upconversion lasing and luminescence is obtained in a transparent compound fluorosilicate glass co-doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ ions. The sample is prepared by a conventional melt-quenching technique followed by a heat treatment, and a very high upconversion efficiency (quantum yield >1%) is achieved. The physical processes involved start from a phase-separated, as-melt fluorosilicate glass consisting of fluorine-rich domains, which provide the low phonon energy environment for Er3+ ions. In addition, visible green lasing in a microsphere resonator with a diameter of 58 μm is observed with a relatively low lasing threshold of circa 52.5 μW. Importantly, when the input power increases to 16.8 mW in a microsphere with a diameter of 110 μm, the colors of the luminescent emissions became yellow-green and then yellow-red when the pump power is increased further to 40 mW. This presents a significant improvement in the development of visible light sources for microphotonics applications.
ChemInform Abstract: STEROIDDERIVATE 46. MITT. SYNTH. VON 17ALPHA‐ACETOXY‐16‐METHYLEN‐ANALOGA DER 19‐NORPROGESTERON‐REIHE (1970)

Abstract Der aus dem entsprechenden Acetat mit K‐methylat in 94%iger Ausbeute erhaltene Alkohol (I) wird zum Bromketon (II) (93%) oxidiert und dieser zu einem Gemisch der Isomeren (III) und (IV) dehydrobromiert, von denen (IV) durch Dehydratisierung mit Ameisensäure unter Bildung des 4,14, 1 6‐ Triens von dem Isomeren (III) getrennt wird.
Effect of Different Economic Support Policies on the Optimal Definition and Operation of a CHP and RES Distributed Generation Systems (2008)

This paper deals about the application of MILP for economic optimization of complex cogenerative systems. In particular, it optimizes both the size and operating strategy of CHP systems and the lay-out of micro district heating networks applied to a urban contest. The proposed model considers the possible adoption of a set of micro-cogeneration gas turbines located in different buildings, and of a centralized cogeneration system thus allowing part of the required thermal energy to be produced in a single site. In addition, thermal and photovoltaic panels can be integrated into the system to improve thermal and electrical energy production, respectively. Each site can be connected to the others through district heating micro-grids. Hence thermal energy can be distributed inside the system. A further objective of the paper is to evaluate the effect of different economic support policies on the optimal solution, and to relate the economic effort implied in each support policy with the expected results in terms of CO2 emissions reduction and primary energy savings.
Analysis of Substrate Access to Active Sites in Bacterial Multicomponent Monooxygenase Hydroxylases: X-ray Crystal Structure of Xenon-Pressurized Phenol Hydroxylase from <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. OX1 (2011)

In all structurally characterized bacterial multicomponent monooxygenase (BMM) hydroxylase proteins, a series of hydrophobic cavities in the α-subunit trace a conserved path from the protein exterior to the carboxylate-bridged diiron active site. This study examines these cavities as a potential route for transport of dioxygen to the active site by crystallographic characterization of a xenon-pressurized sample of the hydroxylase component of phenol hydroxylase from Pseudomonas sp. OX1. Computational analyses of the hydrophobic cavities in the hydroxylase α-subunits of phenol hydroxylase (PHH), soluble methane monooxygenase (MMOH), and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMOH) are also presented. The results, together with previous findings from crystallographic studies of xenon-pressurized sMMO hydroxylase, clearly identify the propensity for these cavities to bind hydrophobic gas molecules in the protein interior. This proposed functional role is supported by recent stopped flow kinetic studies of ToMOH variants [Song, W. J., et al. (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.108, 14795-14800]. In addition to information about the Xe sites, the structure determination revealed significantly weakened binding of regulatory protein to the hydroxylase in comparison to that in the previously reported structure of PHH, as well as the presence of a newly identified metal-binding site in the α-subunit that adopts a linear coordination environment consistent with Cu(I), and a glycerol molecule bound to Fe1 in a fashion that is unique among hydrocarbon-diiron site adducts reported to date in BMM hydroxylase structures. Finally, a comparative analysis of the α-subunit structures of PHH, MMOH, and ToMOH details proposed routes for the other three BMM substrates, the hydrocarbon, electrons, and protons, comprising cavities, channels, hydrogen-bonding networks, and pores in the structures of their α-subunits.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Alcohols, XLII. Stereoselective Cyclization of (8‐Oxo‐2‐octenyl)boronates to <i>cis</i>‐ or <i>trans</i>‐2‐Vinylcyclohexanol (1993)

Abstract Intramolecular allylboration reactions of (8‐oxo‐2‐octenyl)boronates proceed with excellent diastereoselectivity: the E ‐isomer 1d leads to the trans ‐2‐vinylcyclohexanol ( 2 ) with 99.5% d.s., the corresponding Z‐isomer 3d cyclizes to give the cis ‐isomer with a diastereoselectivity exceeding 99.8%.
Coherence-Aware Neural Topic Modeling (2018)

Topic models are evaluated based on their ability to describe documents well (i.e. low perplexity) and to produce topics that carry coherent semantic meaning. In topic modeling so far, perplexity is a direct optimization target. However, topic coherence, owing to its challenging computation, is not optimized for and is only evaluated after training. In this work, under a neural variational inference framework, we propose methods to incorporate a topic coherence objective into the training process. We demonstrate that such a coherenceaware topic model exhibits a similar level of perplexity as baseline models but achieves substantially higher topic coherence.
ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF CHOLINE MAGNESIUM TRISALICYLATE IN THE TREATMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE DENTAL PAIN ASSESSED WITH A NEW METHOD FOR DURATION (1996)

This study was designed with three objectives: first, to characterize the analgesic time-course of choline magnesium trisalicylate (CMT) in relation to the fixed combination of acetaminophen and codeine; second, to determine whether codeine enhanced the analgesia produced by CMT for the treatment of postoperative dental pain; and third, to test a clinical method for measuring onset and duration of analgesic effect and analyze these data utilizing recently developed statistical techniques. This single-blind trial was performed in 36 patients with third-molar extraction pain to compare the analgesic activity of CMT 2000 mg (alone and in combination with a slow-release codeine 100 mg formulation, CMT + controlled-release codeine [CRC]) to that of acetaminophen 650 mg + codeine 60 mg (acetominophen and codeine phosphate preparation [APAP] + C). Analgesia was assessed over 24 h based on pain intensity, pain relief, onset and duration of relief, and a number of derived variables. CMT + CRC was statistically superior to APAP + C for many summary measures. CMT alone had less adverse effects, and it was statistically superior to APAP + C for several hourly measures of analgesia. The distribution functions of the two CMT treatments for duration of relief significantly differed from that of APAP + C, indicating a statistically longer duration of relief for the CMT treatments. In addition, a significantly longer duration of relief was seen for CMT + CRC compared to CMT alone. APAP + C had a significantly shorter time to onset of relief than either of the CMT treatments, and the combination was significantly better than CMT alone at 1 hr. The percent of patients requiring remedication significantly differed among the treatments, with 58, 36 and 85% of the patients in the CMT, CMT + CRC, and APAP + C groups requiring remedication. the CMT treatments showed an analgesic effect which, after the first hour, was at least equal to or better and of a longer duration than that achieved with APAP + C. The results of this study indicate that the stopwatch approach is indeed suitable for measuring duration as well as onset of effect, in that its use distinguished the treatments with respect to both onset and duration of analgesia. Further research is necessary to obtain a database of onset and duration of standard analgesics.
Association of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Us11 Gene Product with the Cellular Kinesin Light-Chain-Related Protein PAT1 Results in the Redistribution of Both Polypeptides (2003)

The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) Us11 gene encodes a multifunctional double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein that is expressed late in infection and packaged into the tegument layer of the virus particle. As a tegument component, Us11 associates with nascent capsids after its synthesis late in the infectious cycle and is delivered into newly infected cells at times prior to the expression of viral genes. Us11 is also an abundant late protein that regulates translation through its association with host components and contains overlapping nucleolar retention and nuclear export signals, allowing its accumulation in both nucleoli and the cytosol. Thus, at various times during the viral life cycle and in different intracellular compartments, Us11 has the potential to execute discrete tasks. The analysis of these functions, however, is complicated by the fact that Us11 is not essential for viral replication in cultured cells. To discover new host targets for the Us11 protein, we searched for cellular proteins that interact with Us11 and have identified PAT1 as a Us11-binding protein according to multiple, independent experimental criteria. PAT1 binds microtubules, participates in amyloid precursor protein trafficking, and has homology to the kinesin light chain (KLC) in its carboxyl terminus. The carboxyl-terminal dsRNA-binding domain of Us11, which also contains the nucleolar retention and nuclear export signals, binds PAT1, whereas 149 residues derived from the KLC homology region of PAT1 are important for binding to Us11. Both PAT1 and Us11 colocalize within a perinuclear area in transiently transfected and HSV-1-infected cells. The 149 amino acids derived from the KLC homology region are required for colocalization of the two polypeptides. Furthermore, although PAT1 normally accumulates in the nuclear compartment, Us11 expression results in the exclusion of PAT1 from the nucleus and its accumulation in the perinuclear space. Similarly, Us11 does not accumulate in the nucleoli of infected cells that overexpress PAT1. These results establish that Us11 and PAT1 can associate, resulting in an altered subcellular distribution of both polypeptides. The association between PAT1, a cellular trafficking protein with homology to KLC, and Us11, along with a recent report demonstrating an interaction between Us11 and the ubiquitous kinesin heavy chain (R. J. Diefenbach et al., J. Virol. 76:3282-3291, 2002), suggests that these associations may be important for the intracellular movement of viral components.
A Design Optimization Method Using Evidence Theory (2005)

Early in the engineering design cycle, it is difficult to quantify product reliability or compliance to performance targets due to insufficient data or information to model uncertainties. Probability theory can not be therefore, used. Design decisions are usually, based on fuzzy information that is vague, imprecise qualitative, linguistic or incomplete. Recently, evidence theory has been proposed to handle uncertainty with limited information as an alternative to probability theory. In this paper, a computationally efficient design optimization method is proposed based on evidence theory, which can handle a mixture of epistemic and random uncertainties. It quickly identifies the vicinity of the optimal point and the active constraints by moving a hyper-ellipse in the original design space, using a reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) algorithm. Subsequently, a derivative-free optimizer calculates the evidence-based optimum, starting from the close-by RBDO optimum, considering only the identified active constraints. The computational cost is kept low by first moving to the vicinity of the optimum quickly and subsequently using local surrogate models of the active constraints only. Two examples demonstrate the proposed evidence-based design optimization method.
ANTIBIOTICS IN ACUTE BACILLARY DYSENTERY (1953)

Bacillary dysentery historically is a disease of major importance to confined population groups. Epidemics occur repeatedly aboard ship, in institutions for the mentally defective and mentally ill, and in orphanages, jails, and prison camps. Experience with dysentery in the United Nations prisoner-of-war camp in Korea followed this historical pattern, despite the preventive measures instituted by the authorities. An important contributing factor to this lack of effectiveness was the high endemic level of infection at the time of capture. Bacteriological examination of 1,000 prisoners at the time they were brought to the camp showed 8% to be infected with pathogenic Shigella. During the past decade sulfonamide therapy has been established as highly effective in shigellosis.<sup>1</sup>The treatment of the sick persons in Korea was complicated by the fact that almost all the cases of bacillary dysentery were due to sulfonamide-resistant shigellae. This finding, based first on clinical observations, was supported later
Isolation of recombinant phage clones expressing mycobacterial T cell antigens by screening a recombinant DNA library with human CD4<sup>+</sup>Th1 clones (1998)

A lambda gt11 recombinant DNA library of Mycobacterium leprae was screened to isolate recombinant phage clones expressing mycobacterial antigens important for T cell reactivity. The library was plated on a lawn of Escherichia coli Y1090 and recombinant antigens were expressed from isolated phage clones in 96-well plates. Pools of recombinant antigens from 12 wells were tested in T cell proliferation assays with MHC class II restricted human CD4+ Th1 clones secreting interferon-gamma and cytotoxic for antigen pulsed antigen presenting cells. By screening 1750 pools of recombinant antigens with a mixture of eight Th1 clones, we identified two recombinant phage clones that expressed recombinant mycobacterial antigens stimulatory for T cells. MHC restriction analysis and reactivity to a battery of mycobacterial antigens suggested that the two responding Th1 clones recognized mycobacterial antigens/epitopes with different MHC class II (HLA-DR) restriction requirements. Our results suggest that the methodology described in this paper is suited to isolate recombinant phage clones expressing mycobacterial recombinant antigens stimulatory for T cells of protective phenotype. Such antigens may be useful in designing new vaccines and diagnostic reagents against mycobacterial diseases.
Field Wave Gaging Program, Wave Data Analysis Standard. (1995)

Abstract : This version of the Field Wave Gaging Program (FWGP) Wave Data Analysis StaNdard focuses on procedures for analyzing directional wave data from pressure slope arrays and pressure/biaxial current meter gages. Nondirectional wave data analysis is inherently included as a simplification (a subset) of directional wave data analysis. Likewise, analysis of data from wave staffs is a subset of these procedures, obtained by eliminating the pressure response correction. The data collection and analysis procedures described are only applicable to wind-generated surface gravity waves of engineering significance. This document covers analysis procedures for measured time series (wave records) that are assumed to contain no significant number of errors or gaps. (MM)
Haemodynamic observations during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the presence of synchronised diastolic coronary sinus retroperfusion. (1988)

Haemodynamic observations during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the presence of synchronised diastolic coronary sinus retroperfusion Sir, We should like to comment on the important study of
Urinary-Tract Infections in Schoolchildren (1962)

THE epidemiologic and clinical features of urinary-tract infections among 13,000 schoolchildren residing in Waynesboro and Charlottesville—Albemarle County, Virginia, have been presented in two previous communications.1 , 2 The present report is concerned with the characterization of the bacteria isolated from the 74 cases detected in these studies. Particular emphasis is placed on the serologic types of Escherichia coli isolated on multiple occasions from the same persons before initiation of specific therapy. Subsequent reports will deal with the immediate and long-term results of therapy, with the nature of the organisms isolated on relapse or reinfection and with measurement of antibody to Esch. coli . . .
The da Vinci Research Interface (2008)

The da Vinci research interface allows third party developers and research collaborators to retrieve a real-time stream of kinematic and user event data from the da Vinci Surgical System during clinical use. This data includes the motion of all master and slave manipulators, as well as a number of user console events such as button and pedal activations. This paper provides a brief outline of the technical scope of the da Vinci research interface, as well as some discussion of the criteria for accessing this interface, and requirements for establishing a research partnership with Intuitive Surgical Inc.
Panel discussion - Mix cascades versus Peer-to-Peer: Is one concept superior? (2005)

David Chaum's initial work on Mixes led to a vast number of proposals how to provide anonymous communication on the Internet. They all have in common, that a multiple of Mixes are used to establish a certain amount of anonymity. On the one end, we have Mix cascades: dedicated servers joining traffic from a large set of users and uniformaly redirecting it on a predefined route. The other end is defined by Peer-to-Peer systems: widely distributed and equal client applications unpredictably routing their traffic over all possible routes.
Analytical Tools for Cloudscope Ice Measurement (1998)

The cloudscope is a ground or aircraft instrument for viewing ice crystals impacted on a sapphire window. It is essentially a simple optical microscope with an attached compact CCD video camera whose output is recorded on a Hi-8 mm video cassette recorder equipped with digital time and date recording capability. In aircraft operation the window is at a stagnation point of the flow so adiabatic compression heats the window to sublimate the ice crystals so that later impacting crystals can be imaged as well. A film heater is used for ground based operation to provide sublimation, and it can also be used to provide extra heat for aircraft operation. The compact video camera can be focused manually by the operator, and a beam splitter - miniature bulb combination provide illumination for night operation. Several shutter speeds are available to accommodate daytime illumination conditions by direct sunlight. The video images can be directly used to qualitatively assess the crystal content of cirrus clouds and contrails. Quantitative size spectra are obtained with the tools described in this report. Selected portions of the video images are digitized using a PCI bus frame grabber to form a short movie segment or stack using NIH (National Institute of Health) Image software with custom macros developed at DRI. The stack can be Fourier transform filtered with custom, easy to design filters to reduce most objectionable video artifacts. Particle quantification of each slice of the stack is performed using digital image analysis. Data recorded for each particle include particle number and centroid, frame number in the stack, particle area, perimeter, equivalent ellipse maximum and minimum radii, ellipse angle, and pixel number. Each valid particle in the stack is stamped with a unique number. This output can be used to obtain a semiquantitative appreciation of the crystal content. The particle information becomes the raw input for a subsequent program (FORTRAN) that synthesizes each slice and separates the new from the sublimating particles. The new particle information is used to generate quantitative particle concentration, area, and mass size spectra along with total concentration, solar extinction coefficient, and ice water content. This program directly creates output in html format for viewing with a web browser.
Deletion of Dad1 in mice induces an apoptosis-associated embryonic death (2000)

Summary: Dad1 is a putative anti-apoptosis gene identified in several distantly related organisms. Expression of Dad1 in transfected cells inhibits apoptosis in vitro. To determine whether Dad1 has a similar function in vivo, we used gene targeting to delete Dad1. Heterozygous adult mice (+/−) show no obvious phenotype or abnormalities, but genotype analysis of over 100 offspring from heterozygous matings detected no weanling, homozygous Dad1 null (−/−) mice. Subsequent analysis of embryos from heterozygous matings detected Dad1 null (−/−) embryos at E3.5 but no later, suggesting Dad1 is required for development beyond the late blastocyst stage. Increased levels of apoptosis were observed in cultured embryos lacking a functional copy of the gene, consistent with an anti-apoptotic role for Dad1. genesis 26:271–278, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of Penicillin on Growth, Feed Efficiency and Fattening of Turkeys (1953)

THE value of adding antibiotics to turkey starting rations up to 8 weeks in order to improve growth and feed efficiency has been clearly established. However, inconsistent results have been obtained from the addition of antibiotics to turkey developing rations. Results at the Pennsylvania State Agricultural Experiment Station (1952) showed that continuous antibiotic supplementation to 28 weeks of age significantly increased the body weight of turkeys; however, most of the increase was contributed by the males. Removal of the antibiotic at 8 weeks of age decreased the rate of growth and increased variability during the 12–28 weeks. Scott and Jensen (1952) reported that the best rate of growth, feathering and finish at market age were obtained in the turkeys which received aureomycin, throughout both the starting and growing periods. The growth advantage obtained by feeding the antibiotic was rapidly lost when aureomycin was withdrawn from the feed after the …